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Shadow AI adoption may now outpace wider shadow SaaS, and attackers are already turning AI chatbot platforms into malware delivery channels. Push has researched the offensive potential of computer-using agents and now applies AI agents to its own threat hunting. This hub covers AI as risk, target, and defensive tool.",22,{"sys":240,"faqItemsCollection":242,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45,"intro":246,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":241},"topic-ai-attacks",{"items":243},[],"AI attacks","ai-attacks","AI attacks run in both directions: attackers using AI to scale phishing, malware delivery, and identity attacks, and AI platforms themselves becoming the attack surface. 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These posts cover both sides — extension-borne risks like browser sync attacks and the limits of risk scoring, and how Push uses its extension to detect threats and block risky extensions.",30,{"sys":293,"faqItemsCollection":295,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31,"intro":299,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":300,"hasPage":19},{"id":294},"topic-browser-security",{"items":296},[],"Browser security","browser-security","Work now happens in the browser, making browser security — visibility and control at the point where users meet the web — a core layer of enterprise defense. Endpoint, network, and email tools miss attacks that unfold inside the browser session, from AiTM phishing to risky extensions and shadow SaaS. Push has published extensively on choosing between enterprise browsers and browser extensions, using browser telemetry, and making the business case for browser security. Start here for both strategy and hands-on guidance.",127,{"sys":302,"faqItemsCollection":304,"name":306,"slug":307,"tier":45,"intro":308,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":309,"hasPage":19},{"id":303},"topic-casb",{"items":305},[],"CASB","casb","Cloud access security brokers (CASBs) govern cloud app usage through API integrations and network proxies — an approach that works for sanctioned apps but struggles with the long tail of shadow SaaS employees adopt on their own. 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Push detects verified stolen credentials by comparing employee passwords against breach datasets and dark-web threat intelligence, eliminating false positives.",64,{"sys":338,"faqItemsCollection":340,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31,"intro":344,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":345,"hasPage":19},{"id":339},"topic-detection-and-response",{"items":341},[],"Detection & response","detection-and-response","Detection and response is being reshaped as attacks move into the browser, where EDR, SIEM, and network tools have limited visibility. Modern phishing kits evade signature-based detection, and most malicious pages have never been seen before — so technique-level, in-browser detection matters more than known-bad indicators. Push’s work here spans high-fidelity browser telemetry, session token theft detection, and agentic threat hunting, plus practical IR guidance for compromised SaaS accounts and malicious OAuth apps. These posts cover both the philosophy and the workflows.",101,{"sys":347,"faqItemsCollection":349,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45,"intro":353,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":354,"hasPage":19},{"id":348},"topic-detection-engineering",{"items":350},[],"Detection engineering","detection-engineering","Detection engineering turns threat research into reliable, high-fidelity detections — and as AI accelerates the churn of attacker infrastructure, indicator-based detection is collapsing in favor of technique-level approaches. Here you’ll find teardowns of AiTM kits, ClickFix pages, and malvertising campaigns, alongside Push’s own account of building an agentic threat hunting pipeline that turns hunts into shipped detections.",42,{"sys":356,"faqItemsCollection":358,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45,"intro":362,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":357},"topic-device-code-phishing",{"items":359},[],"Device code phishing","device-code-phishing","Device code phishing abuses the OAuth device authorization flow: attackers generate a legitimate sign-in code, trick the victim into entering it on the vendor’s real login page, and walk away with access tokens — no fake site or password capture required. Push research tracked a sharp spike in adoption during 2026 as attackers use the technique to sidestep standard access controls.",{"sys":364,"faqItemsCollection":366,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45,"intro":370,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":365},"topic-dlp",{"items":367},[],"DLP","dlp","Data loss prevention (DLP) is the practice of stopping sensitive data from leaving your control — a problem that has shifted from email and endpoints to the browser, where employees move data into SaaS and AI tools. Push applies controls at that point of use, from keeping corporate credentials out of personal password managers to governing what flows into unsanctioned apps.",15,{"sys":373,"faqItemsCollection":375,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45,"intro":379,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":380,"hasPage":19},{"id":374},"topic-edr",{"items":376},[],"EDR","edr","Endpoint detection and response (EDR) watches processes, files, and memory on the device — a vantage point that never sees the phishing pages, stolen sessions, and identity attacks playing out inside the browser. That’s not an EDR failure; attackers have simply moved where it can’t follow. These posts map that gap and show how Push pairs browser-level detection and response with endpoint security to close it.",24,{"sys":382,"faqItemsCollection":384,"name":386,"slug":387,"tier":45,"intro":388,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":383},"topic-enterprise-browser",{"items":385},[],"Enterprise browser","enterprise-browser","An enterprise browser is a standalone, security-hardened browser that organizations deploy in place of Chrome, Edge, or other defaults. The real buying question is whether replacing the browser beats securing the browsers employees already use — a trade-off these posts examine directly, alongside analysis of Omdia’s secure enterprise browser market report and Push’s framework for weighing full browsers against extension-based deployment.",6,{"sys":391,"faqItemsCollection":393,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45,"intro":397,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":392},"topic-ghost-logins",{"items":394},[],"Ghost logins","ghost-logins","Ghost logins are overlooked authentication routes into an account — like a password login lingering behind SSO, or a forgotten secondary auth method — that attackers exploit for account takeover and persistence. Push coined the term after research showing how these forgotten login paths let attackers sidestep the MFA and SSO controls guarding an account’s primary sign-in method.",48,{"sys":400,"faqItemsCollection":402,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45,"intro":406,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":407,"hasPage":19},{"id":401},"topic-identity-attacks",{"items":403},[],"Identity attacks","identity-attacks","Identity attacks target user accounts rather than infrastructure — phishing credentials, stealing sessions, abusing OAuth grants — because logging in is easier than hacking in. Identity-based techniques are now the leading cause of breaches. Push’s offensive research maps these techniques continuously, coining attacks like SAMLjacking and the poisoned tenant before they appeared in the wild.",56,{"sys":409,"faqItemsCollection":411,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31,"intro":415,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":416,"hasPage":19},{"id":410},"topic-identity-security",{"items":412},[],"Identity security","identity-security","Identity security is the practice of protecting workforce accounts, credentials, and sessions — the primary route attackers now use to breach organizations. Instead of hacking in, attackers log in: through phished credentials, stolen session tokens, MFA bypass, and forgotten ghost logins. Push’s research team documents these techniques continuously, from cross-IdP impersonation and SAMLjacking to analyses of major identity-driven breaches. This hub collects that research alongside practical guidance on MFA, SSO, and stopping account takeover.",154,{"sys":418,"faqItemsCollection":420,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45,"intro":424,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":425,"hasPage":19},{"id":419},"topic-infostealer",{"items":421},[],"Infostealer","infostealer","Infostealers are malware built to harvest saved passwords, cookies, and session tokens from infected devices, supplying the stolen credentials behind some of the most consequential breaches of recent years. Push traces the ecosystem trading this data and checks employee passwords against threat intel feeds, flagging verified stolen credentials before attackers can log in with them.",52,{"sys":427,"faqItemsCollection":429,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45,"intro":433,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":434,"hasPage":19},{"id":428},"topic-legitimate-service-abuse",{"items":430},[],"Legitimate service abuse","legitimate-service-abuse","Legitimate service abuse means staging attacks on trusted platforms — Google Ads, AI chatbot share pages, office.com links, Slack, SaaS tenants — so malicious content inherits the reputation of the service hosting it. Push research has documented the pattern repeatedly, from malvertising run through hijacked Google Ad Manager accounts to phishing links generated by Active Directory Federation Services.",28,{"sys":436,"faqItemsCollection":438,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45,"intro":442,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":291,"hasPage":19},{"id":437},"topic-malvertising",{"items":439},[],"Malvertising","malvertising","Malvertising uses paid search and display ads to put phishing pages and malware in front of users, often by impersonating trusted brands at the top of Google results. Push tracks these campaigns continuously — intercepting live attacks spoofing well-known brands — and has documented how criminals hijack Google Ads accounts to fund and run them.",{"sys":444,"faqItemsCollection":446,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45,"intro":450,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":445},"topic-malware-delivery",{"items":447},[],"Malware delivery","malware-delivery","Malware delivery has moved into the browser: rather than email attachments, attackers now rely on malvertising, fake install guides, and ClickFix-style copy-paste lures to get code running on endpoints. Push research on techniques like InstallFix maps the playbook, and in-browser detection of malicious copy and paste blocks these attacks before commands reach the endpoint.",13,{"sys":453,"faqItemsCollection":455,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45,"intro":459,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":460,"hasPage":19},{"id":454},"topic-mfa",{"items":456},[],"MFA","mfa","Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires a second proof of identity beyond a password, and it remains one of the most effective controls against account takeover. Regulators from Cyber Essentials to NYDFS now mandate it across cloud services. Push enforces MFA in the browser on third-party apps — even those with no native enforcement option — and shows security teams where coverage gaps remain.",83,{"sys":462,"faqItemsCollection":464,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45,"intro":468,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":469,"hasPage":19},{"id":463},"topic-mfa-bypass",{"items":465},[],"MFA bypass","mfa-bypass","MFA bypass covers the techniques attackers use to defeat multi-factor authentication — AiTM phishing kits, consent phishing, device code phishing, and MFA downgrade attacks among them. None of these break the second factor; they route around it. Push researchers regularly get hands-on with phishing kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA, analyzing how these attacks work in the wild and how they evolve.",58,{"sys":471,"faqItemsCollection":473,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45,"intro":477,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":478,"hasPage":19},{"id":472},"topic-non-email-phishing",{"items":474},[],"Non-email phishing","non-email-phishing","Non-email phishing delivers malicious links through channels your secure email gateway never sees — social media messages, IM apps like Slack and Teams, search ads, and SMS. Push has intercepted live campaigns arriving via LinkedIn DMs, malvertising, and messaging platforms, which is why it detects phishing pages in the browser at the point of click, regardless of delivery channel.",51,{"sys":480,"faqItemsCollection":482,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45,"intro":486,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":487,"hasPage":19},{"id":481},"topic-oauth-abuse",{"items":483},[],"OAuth abuse","oauth-abuse","OAuth abuse is attackers exploiting app-to-app authorization — consent phishing, malicious OAuth apps, stolen tokens, and device code flows — to gain persistent access to cloud tenants without touching a password or MFA prompt. Push tracks these techniques continuously and discovered ConsentFix, a browser-native attack in the wild that pairs OAuth consent phishing with a ClickFix-style prompt.",70,{"sys":489,"faqItemsCollection":491,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45,"intro":495,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":496,"hasPage":19},{"id":490},"topic-passkeys",{"items":492},[],"Passkeys","passkeys","Passkeys are phishing-resistant credentials that replace passwords with cryptographic key pairs bound to a user’s device. They defeat conventional credential phishing, but attackers adapt: Push research has documented MFA downgrade, app-specific password phishing, and device code phishing being used in the wild to route around passkey-protected accounts. Deploying passkeys is step one; closing those fallback paths is step two.",21,{"sys":498,"faqItemsCollection":500,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45,"intro":504,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":505,"hasPage":19},{"id":499},"topic-password-security",{"items":501},[],"Password security","password-security","Password security is the practice of keeping workforce credentials strong, unique, and out of attackers’ hands — still a frontline defense while most SaaS logins depend on passwords. Expiration policies don’t fix weak or reused passwords; visibility does. Push observes real logins in the browser to flag weak, reused, and breached passwords and guide employees to reset them on any app.",79,{"sys":507,"faqItemsCollection":509,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45,"intro":513,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":318,"hasPage":19},{"id":508},"topic-phaas",{"items":510},[],"PhaaS","phaas","Phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) platforms sell ready-made phishing kits, hosted infrastructure, and management panels on subscription, letting low-skill criminals run MFA-bypassing campaigns at scale. Kits like Evilginx, Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, and EvilTokens each add their own evasion and session-theft capabilities, and new entrants appear regularly. Push researchers continuously get hands-on with these tools — investigating attacks in the wild, reverse-engineering kit behavior, and turning that research into detections.",{"sys":515,"faqItemsCollection":517,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31,"intro":521,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":522,"hasPage":19},{"id":516},"topic-phishing",{"items":518},[],"Phishing","phishing","Phishing remains the most common way attackers compromise business accounts — and it has moved far beyond suspicious emails. Modern campaigns use AiTM toolkits that bypass MFA, consent phishing against OAuth, device code phishing, and lures delivered through malvertising, LinkedIn, and Slack. Push detects and blocks these attacks in the browser, and its researchers publish teardowns of live campaigns and kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA. Read on for how phishing actually works today and what stops it.",91,{"sys":524,"faqItemsCollection":526,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45,"intro":530,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":531,"hasPage":19},{"id":525},"topic-public-breach",{"items":527},[],"Public breach","public-breach","Public breaches are the disclosed incidents that show how attacks actually unfold once the headlines fade. Push’s breach analyses keep finding identity at the entry point: stolen credentials, OAuth abuse, and missing MFA recur across the incidents analyzed here.",29,{"sys":533,"faqItemsCollection":535,"name":537,"slug":538,"tier":45,"intro":539,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":534},"topic-ransomware",{"items":536},[],"Ransomware","ransomware","Ransomware attacks increasingly begin with an identity, not an exploit: stolen credentials, MFA bypass, and help desk scams give operators their initial foothold. The analysis here follows that front end of the kill chain — how identity compromise leads to ransomware deployment, and the breaches driving regulators toward tighter MFA requirements.",{"sys":541,"faqItemsCollection":543,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31,"intro":547,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":548,"hasPage":19},{"id":542},"topic-saas-security",{"items":544},[],"SaaS security","saas-security","SaaS security means protecting the sprawl of cloud apps, accounts, and integrations your employees adopt — often without IT ever knowing. Shadow SaaS, risky OAuth grants, ghost logins, and unmanaged third-party access create attack paths traditional controls can’t see, as recent high-profile breaches have demonstrated. Building on the original SaaS attack matrix, Push continues to map SaaS-native attack techniques alongside practical guides for discovering and securing unsanctioned apps, and this hub gathers all of it.",96,{"sys":550,"faqItemsCollection":552,"name":554,"slug":555,"tier":45,"intro":556,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":551},"topic-security-training",{"items":553},[],"Security training","security-training","Security training aims to teach employees to recognize and avoid attacks — yet modern phishing routinely fools even seasoned security professionals. Push argues that training budgets work harder as real-time, in-browser intervention: guardrails and warnings at the moment of risk, rather than lessons employees must recall under pressure.",4,{"sys":559,"faqItemsCollection":561,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45,"intro":565,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":560},"topic-seo-poisoning",{"items":562},[],"SEO poisoning","seo-poisoning","SEO poisoning manipulates search engine results so malicious pages rank prominently for the software, tools, or services users are actively searching for, turning a routine search into an infection vector. It often pairs with malvertising and ClickFix-style payloads — Push has documented attackers abusing shared pages on legitimate AI chatbot domains to deliver malware from trusted infrastructure.",{"sys":567,"faqItemsCollection":569,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45,"intro":573,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":574,"hasPage":19},{"id":568},"topic-session-hijacking",{"items":570},[],"Session hijacking","session-hijacking","Session hijacking is the theft of an authenticated session — usually via stolen session cookies or tokens — letting attackers walk past passwords and MFA into a live account. AiTM phishing kits and infostealers have made it a mainstream attack technique across both criminal and targeted intrusions. Push’s browser agent detects session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string, creating a high-fidelity signal for security teams.",74,{"sys":576,"faqItemsCollection":578,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45,"intro":582,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":583,"hasPage":19},{"id":577},"topic-shadow-ai",{"items":579},[],"Shadow AI","shadow-ai","Shadow AI is employees’ unsanctioned use of AI tools at work, putting corporate data into chatbots and assistants that security teams never approved and can’t see. Push’s own browser telemetry shows AI adoption acting as a force multiplier for shadow IT — potentially now outscaling shadow SaaS — and this hub tracks that research, real-world breach examples, and practical controls.",20,{"sys":585,"faqItemsCollection":587,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45,"intro":591,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":592,"hasPage":19},{"id":586},"topic-shadow-saas",{"items":588},[],"Shadow SaaS","shadow-saas","Shadow SaaS is the cloud applications employees adopt for work without IT approval, each one creating unmanaged accounts, identities, and data outside your security controls. Push covers the problem end to end — from browser-based SaaS discovery to in-browser app banners and MFA enforcement — alongside breach analyses that show where unmanaged accounts lead.",75,{"sys":594,"faqItemsCollection":596,"name":598,"slug":599,"tier":45,"intro":600,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":601,"hasPage":19},{"id":595},"topic-siem",{"items":597},[],"SIEM","siem","A SIEM is only as good as the telemetry feeding it, and most log sources never see what happens inside the browser — where phishing, session token theft, and account takeover actually play out. Push streams browser-level detections and identity telemetry into SIEMs, and these posts show how that data improves detection fidelity and cuts alert fatigue.",19,{"sys":603,"faqItemsCollection":605,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45,"intro":609,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":610,"hasPage":19},{"id":604},"topic-social-engineering",{"items":606},[],"Social engineering","social-engineering","Social engineering is the manipulation of people — through phishing pages, help desk impersonation, vishing calls, and poisoned tenant invites — into handing over access that no exploit could take. Coverage here tracks how threat actors run these plays — drawing on Push’s ongoing investigation of live phishing infrastructure and criminal tooling.",59,{"sys":612,"faqItemsCollection":614,"name":616,"slug":617,"tier":31,"intro":618,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":613},"topic-supply-chain-security",{"items":615},[],"Supply chain security","supply-chain-security","Supply chain security extends beyond your own perimeter to the vendors, platforms, and browser extensions your organization depends on. A compromised third party can hand attackers legitimate access — as recent campaigns against SaaS providers have shown. Push’s research examines the browser-extension supply chain in particular: why extension risk scores fail to predict compromise, and how developers can harden extensions against takeover. These posts frame supply chain risk through a browser and identity lens.",{"sys":620,"faqItemsCollection":622,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45,"intro":626,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":627,"hasPage":19},{"id":621},"topic-swg",{"items":623},[],"SWG","swg","A secure web gateway (SWG) filters and inspects web traffic in transit, sitting in the network path between users and the internet. That position shows you the packet but not the session: Push’s research on AitM phishing kits documents how attackers break the signatures proxies rely on, and these posts explain why phishing detection is moving from the network path into the browser itself.",17,{"sys":629,"faqItemsCollection":631,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45,"intro":635,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":636,"hasPage":19},{"id":630},"topic-third-party-risk",{"items":632},[],"Third-party risk","third-party-risk","Third-party risk is the exposure your organization inherits from vendors, SaaS providers, and integrations that hold your data or access your tenants — a chain now extended one employee sign-up at a time. This hub collects Push’s breach analyses and guides for assessing OAuth integrations, managing browser extensions, and responding when a supplier is compromised.",44,{"sys":638,"faqItemsCollection":640,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31,"intro":644,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":639},"topic-threat-landscape",{"items":641},[],"Threat landscape","threat-landscape","The enterprise threat landscape is now defined by identity attacks: criminals log in with phished, stolen, or stuffed credentials rather than breaking infrastructure. Threat actors keep proving how effective help desk scams, MFA bypass, and session theft are against well-defended organizations. Drawing on breach analyses, annual phishing trend reviews, and in-the-wild campaign tracking, Push documents how attacker TTPs are shifting. This hub is where to follow those changes.",{"sys":646,"faqItemsCollection":648,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45,"intro":652,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":647},"topic-vishing",{"items":649},[],"Vishing","vishing","Vishing — voice phishing — uses phone calls to impersonate IT support, help desks, or employees, talking targets into password resets, MFA approvals, or opening attacker-controlled pages. Threat actors now routinely pair calls with AiTM phishing to hijack SSO accounts, a chain Push has analyzed across campaigns targeting hundreds of organizations.",{},"blogtopics","w0ITersBlkytyrxHNkTEFmGsSW5X9NfdbmeXV1u8bAo",[657,661,665,669,673],{"title":658,"logo":659,"createdDate":660},"SOC2","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fb6727a5e00004d6e9e69fc3068b8b64c",1784291539953,{"title":662,"logo":663,"createdDate":664},"GDPR","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Ffe49f53211674deaa5a6640d929cdf42?format=webp",1784291672535,{"title":666,"logo":667,"createdDate":668},"Cyber essentials","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F53558c1045a342a7a28def960cd54ae7?format=webp",1784291702710,{"title":670,"logo":671,"createdDate":672},"ISO IEC 27001","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F578a404a61cf45db951a41fe3554d12d",1784291766222,{"title":674,"logo":675,"createdDate":676},"ISO IEC 27701","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fbe219844b13242fbba531959579a753c",1784291858848,[678,730,775],{"id":679,"label":680,"text":21,"navIcon":681,"items":682},"stop-browser-based-attacks","Stop browser-based attacks","solid:faShieldHalved",[683,688,693,698,703,708,712,717,721,725],{"title":684,"text":685,"url":686,"navIcon":687},"Adversary-in-the-Middle","Detect and block AiTM proxies stealing session tokens.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/adversary-in-the-middle-attacks","solid:faUserSecret",{"title":689,"text":690,"url":691,"navIcon":692},"ClickFix (+Fix variants)","Block attacks that trick users into running malicious code.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/clickfix-fix-variants","sharp-regular:faLaptopCode",{"title":694,"text":695,"url":696,"navIcon":697},"Malicious OAuth integrations","Detect suspicious OAuth consent flows and stop persistent access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-oauth-integrations","solid:faPlugCircleXmark",{"title":699,"text":700,"url":701,"navIcon":702},"Malicious browser extensions","Shine a light on risky browser extensions.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-browser-extensions","sharp-regular:faPuzzlePiece",{"title":704,"text":705,"url":706,"navIcon":707},"Malicious file downloads","Gain visibility into browser downloads and block malicious files.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-file-downloads","solid:faFileCircleXmark",{"title":395,"text":709,"url":710,"navIcon":711},"Surface hidden login paths that bypass SSO and expose accounts.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/ghost-logins","solid:faGhost",{"title":713,"text":714,"url":715,"navIcon":716},"Mobile phishing (QR & SMS)","Detect phishing links delivered via SMS and QR codes.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/mobile-phishing-qr-code-sms","solid:faQrcode",{"title":333,"text":718,"url":719,"navIcon":720},"Identify reused and compromised credentials across SaaS logins.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/credential-stuffing","custom:credentialStuffing",{"title":571,"text":722,"url":723,"navIcon":724},"Detect and block stolen session tokens before attackers get access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/session-hijacking","solid:faCookieBite",{"title":726,"text":727,"url":728,"navIcon":729},"Zero-day phishing","Detect phishing TTPs directly in the browser and stop credential theft.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/zero-day-phishing","sharp-regular:faFishingRod",{"id":731,"label":732,"text":21,"navIcon":733,"items":734},"achieve-security-outcomes","Achieve security outcomes","solid:faCheckToSlot",[735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770],{"title":736,"text":737,"url":738,"navIcon":739},"Stop account takeover","Stop ATO with stolen credential and compromised token detection.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/stop-account-takeover","sharp-regular:faUserSecret",{"title":741,"text":742,"url":743,"navIcon":744},"Harden unmanaged identities","Harden access paths with visibility, detection, and guardrails.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/harden-unmanaged-identities","sharp-regular:faRadar",{"title":746,"text":747,"url":748,"navIcon":749},"Investigate browser-related incidents","Investigate and respond faster with unique browser telemetry.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-browser-related-incidents","sharp-regular:faSatelliteDish",{"title":751,"text":752,"url":753,"navIcon":754},"Secure shadow SaaS","See and control shadow SaaS in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-shadow-saas","sharp-regular:faShieldCheck",{"title":756,"text":757,"url":758,"navIcon":759},"Secure AI","See and control AI apps in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-ai","sharp-regular:faBrainCircuit",{"title":761,"text":762,"url":763,"navIcon":764},"Secure BYOD","Extend consistent browser-based protection to unmanaged devices.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-bring-your-own-device","solid:faMobileScreenButton",{"title":766,"text":767,"url":768,"navIcon":769},"Secure Chromebooks","Secure browser activity on Chromebooks without endpoint agents.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-chromebooks","brands:faChrome",{"title":771,"text":772,"url":773,"navIcon":774},"Investigate and stop data loss","Detect and prevent data loss across AI tools, apps, and sessions.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-and-stop-data-loss","custom:investigateAndStopDataLoss",{"id":776,"label":777,"text":21,"navIcon":778,"items":779},"tool-replacements","Tool replacements","solid:faScrewdriverWrench",[780,785,790,795],{"title":781,"text":782,"url":783,"navIcon":784},"Remote browser isolation","Detect attacks that look like normal browsing.","/solution/tool-replacements/remote-browser-isolation","solid:faDisplay",{"title":786,"text":787,"url":788,"navIcon":789},"Secure web gateways","Detect attacks inside the browser after SWGs allowed the connection.","/solution/tool-replacements/secure-web-gateways","solid:faFilter",{"title":791,"text":792,"url":793,"navIcon":794},"Cloud access security broker","Catch browser-based identity threats in real time, not after the fact.","/solution/tool-replacements/cloud-access-security-broker","solid:faCloudArrowUp",{"title":796,"text":797,"url":798,"navIcon":799},"Security awareness training","Block real phishing instead of training users on simulations.","/solution/tool-replacements/security-awareness-training","custom:securityAwareness",{"w":801,"h":802,"d":803},448,512,"M171-16c-36.4 0-57.8 58.3-68.3 112L72 96c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24s10.7 24 24 24l24 0 0 32c0 17 3.3 33.2 9.3 48l-9.3 0 0 0-20.5 0c-15.2 0-27.5 12.3-27.5 27.5 0 3 .5 5.9 1.4 8.7l28.9 86.6C40.2 379.6 16 428.1 16 482.3 16 498.7 29.3 512 45.7 512l356.6 0c16.4 0 29.7-13.3 29.7-29.7 0-54.2-24.2-102.7-62.3-135.4l28.9-86.6c.9-2.8 1.4-5.7 1.4-8.7 0-15.2-12.3-27.5-27.5-27.5l-20.5 0 0 0-9.3 0c6-14.8 9.3-31 9.3-48l0-32 24 0c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24l-30.7 0c-10.4-53.7-31.9-112-68.3-112-9.6 0-19 3.9-27.5 8.2-8.2 4.1-18.4 7.8-25.5 7.8s-17.3-3.7-25.5-7.8C190-12.1 180.6-16 171-16zm93.7 484.4l-24.8-70.9 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24 24 24s24-10.7 24-24l0-102.1 31 31c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0s9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-72-72z",[843,4943,8699,11825,14776,17860,19224,21739,23826,26683,29281,33105,35152,37416,43389,45604,48031],{"id":844,"title":845,"authorsCollection":846,"content":854,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":1864,"faqTitle":2052,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":2053,"metaTitle":2054,"ogImage":59,"postType":59,"publishedDate":2055,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":2056,"slug":4882,"stem":4883,"subtitle":4884,"summary":4885,"synopsis":4895,"sys":4896,"tagsCollection":4899,"topicsCollection":4908,"__hash__":4942},"blog/blog/shadow-ai-how-to-discover-govern-and-secure-ai-apps.json","Shadow AI: how to discover, govern, and secure AI apps",{"items":847},[848],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":852},"Kelly Davenport","Kelly","Product Team",{"url":853},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1hi8bEuVfn5sF57LivAq6d/9a3b82426c697d765e2e450e33a18424/kelly_profile_pic.jpeg",{"json":855,"links":1710},{"nodeType":856,"data":857,"content":858},"document",{},[859,868,875,926,933,940,995,1004,1008,1017,1024,1036,1042,1054,1060,1072,1078,1081,1089,1096,1115,1126,1133,1140,1143,1151,1158,1183,1189,1196,1212,1228,1234,1250,1266,1273,1280,1287,1293,1296,1304,1311,1319,1326,1342,1349,1374,1380,1387,1393,1405,1412,1418,1424,1427,1435,1442,1461,1468,1476,1483,1495,1511,1517,1529,1563,1570,1586,1592,1608,1615,1622,1625,1633,1640,1647,1654,1661,1668,1675,1678,1685,1692],{"nodeType":860,"data":861,"content":862},"paragraph",{},[863],{"nodeType":864,"value":865,"marks":866,"data":867},"text","Every security team that's blocked an AI tool at the network level has had the same experience three months later: The tool they blocked isn't in use, but a dozen they've never heard of are.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":869,"content":870},{},[871],{"nodeType":864,"value":872,"marks":873,"data":874},"The block didn't stop employees from using AI. It just prevented the security team from seeing what’s actually happening.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":876,"content":877},{},[878,882,891,895,901,905,910,914,922],{"nodeType":864,"value":879,"marks":880,"data":881},"The data backs up this pattern. ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":884,"content":886},"hyperlink",{"uri":885},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai/",[887],{"nodeType":864,"value":888,"marks":889,"data":890},"Push telemetry",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":892,"marks":893,"data":894}," shows that the average organization has ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":896,"marks":897,"data":900},"16 AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions,",[898],{"type":899},"bold",{},{"nodeType":864,"value":902,"marks":903,"data":904}," and ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":906,"marks":907,"data":909},"17 AI OAuth integrations",[908],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":911,"marks":912,"data":913}," in active use during a typical week — most unapproved. Meanwhile, ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":915,"content":917},{"uri":916},"https://www.okta.com/newsroom/articles/ai-agents-at-work-2026-agentic-enterprise-security/",[918],{"nodeType":864,"value":919,"marks":920,"data":921},"Okta found",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":923,"marks":924,"data":925}," that 80% of employees who use unapproved AI tools do so because it's easier to use their own accounts, and 57% because the approval process is too slow.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":927,"content":928},{},[929],{"nodeType":864,"value":930,"marks":931,"data":932},"The organizations getting this right have stopped treating AI governance as an access-control problem — which tools to allow, which to block — and started treating it as an invitation to build out an infrastructure to enable appropriate use. Employees are going to use the tools they need to get their work done. The question is whether they'll use them on a path you built and instrumented, or on one they carved themselves.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":934,"content":935},{},[936],{"nodeType":864,"value":937,"marks":938,"data":939},"This guide walks through how to build that paved path. Using Push, you can:",[],{},{"nodeType":941,"data":942,"content":943},"unordered-list",{},[944,955,965,975,985],{"nodeType":945,"data":946,"content":947},"list-item",{},[948],{"nodeType":860,"data":949,"content":950},{},[951],{"nodeType":864,"value":952,"marks":953,"data":954},"Identify shadow AI, including personal accounts on approved corporate apps, AI browser extensions, OAuth integrations into sensitive systems, and AI browser usage.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":956,"content":957},{},[958],{"nodeType":860,"data":959,"content":960},{},[961],{"nodeType":864,"value":962,"marks":963,"data":964},"Enforce policies on data flows into and out of AI apps, including blocking unapproved file uploads, downloads, and clipboard pastes; and monitoring AI chat transcripts.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":966,"content":967},{},[968],{"nodeType":860,"data":969,"content":970},{},[971],{"nodeType":864,"value":972,"marks":973,"data":974},"Use just-in-time guardrails to intercept users accessing unapproved AI tools and point them at approved alternatives.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":976,"content":977},{},[978],{"nodeType":860,"data":979,"content":980},{},[981],{"nodeType":864,"value":982,"marks":983,"data":984},"Prevent unwanted MCP connections with app-agnostic controls.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":986,"content":987},{},[988],{"nodeType":860,"data":989,"content":990},{},[991],{"nodeType":864,"value":992,"marks":993,"data":994},"Automate a lot of the work so you don’t burn out your team as the AI landscape continues to shift.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":997,"content":1003},"embedded-entry-block",{"target":998},{"sys":999},{"id":1000,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"29N8YH9As3GHypOve3br80","Link","Entry",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1006,"content":1007},"hr",{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1010,"content":1011},"heading-1",{},[1012],{"nodeType":864,"value":1013,"marks":1014,"data":1016},"What is shadow AI, and why can't you manage it like shadow IT?",[1015],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1018,"content":1019},{},[1020],{"nodeType":864,"value":1021,"marks":1022,"data":1023},"Shadow AI is any use of AI tools, services, or integrations that happens outside an organization's security governance and visibility. Security teams have been managing shadow SaaS for years, but shadow AI can't be addressed with the same playbook — for three reasons.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1025,"content":1026},{},[1027,1032],{"nodeType":864,"value":1028,"marks":1029,"data":1031},"First",[1030],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1033,"marks":1034,"data":1035},", it spans multiple categories that each need different controls: unapproved AI apps, personal accounts on approved corporate AI tools, AI browser extensions, and OAuth integrations into corporate systems. Blocking unapproved apps doesn't address personal accounts on approved ones, and neither solves the extension or OAuth problem. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1037,"content":1041},{"target":1038},{"sys":1039},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2hsKQ9DEspflhmtR0bE7QY",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1043,"content":1044},{},[1045,1050],{"nodeType":864,"value":1046,"marks":1047,"data":1049},"Second",[1048],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1051,"marks":1052,"data":1053},", the tools most organizations rely on to manage shadow SaaS — SWGs, CASBs, EDR, IdP logs — are structurally blind to shadow AI. An SWG sees that someone visited an AI domain but can't tell you whether they logged in, pasted source code into a prompt, or granted OAuth access to your Google Workspace tenant. EDR doesn't see browser-layer activity at all. IdP logs capture OAuth grants routed through the identity provider but miss tools accessed via direct signup or personal accounts. Instead, the activity security teams need to see happens primarily inside the browser.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1055,"content":1059},{"target":1056},{"sys":1057},{"id":1058,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1vE0dyAKdnTSjyAJ4Xoadd",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1061,"content":1062},{},[1063,1068],{"nodeType":864,"value":1064,"marks":1065,"data":1067},"Third",[1066],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1069,"marks":1070,"data":1071},", the risk profile is different. Shadow AI tools increasingly function as hubs — connected via OAuth integrations and MCP to email, cloud storage, code repositories, and other high-value systems. They leak sensitive data outward (employees paste source code, credentials, and internal documents into prompts daily) while simultaneously expanding the attack surface inward (compromise a single AI app and an attacker inherits whatever access the employee granted it, turning one ungoverned tool into a pivot point across the SaaS estate). ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1073,"content":1077},{"target":1074},{"sys":1075},{"id":1076,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ldZ23OORTu7INBfSnE7R7",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1079,"content":1080},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1082,"content":1083},{},[1084],{"nodeType":864,"value":1085,"marks":1086,"data":1088},"Why blocking AI usage fails",[1087],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1090,"content":1091},{},[1092],{"nodeType":864,"value":1093,"marks":1094,"data":1095},"The instinct to block AI tools makes sense. Executives are asking about AI risk to the business, a new tool appears every week, and blocking unapproved apps feels like a quick way to stop the bleeding.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1097,"content":1098},{},[1099,1103,1111],{"nodeType":864,"value":1100,"marks":1101,"data":1102},"Unfortunately, blocking doesn't work for long. The latest security frameworks — including the ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1104,"content":1106},{"uri":1105},"https://www.sans.org/mlp/2026-ai-security-maturity-model-ebook",[1107],{"nodeType":864,"value":1108,"marks":1109,"data":1110},"SANS AI Security Maturity Model",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1112,"marks":1113,"data":1114}," — all agree: Block-based AI policies drive usage underground rather than preventing it. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1116,"data":1117,"content":1118},"blockquote",{},[1119],{"nodeType":860,"data":1120,"content":1121},{},[1122],{"nodeType":864,"value":1123,"marks":1124,"data":1125},"A block-based AI policy may feel like risk management, but practitioner experience shows that it typically drives AI usage underground rather than preventing it. The goal is not to eliminate AI use; it is to bring it into visibility where it can be governed.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1127,"content":1128},{},[1129],{"nodeType":864,"value":1130,"marks":1131,"data":1132},"These kinds of barricades also fail for a structural reason: They're built on the network perimeter, and AI usage doesn't cross the perimeter in ways network tools can inspect.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1134,"content":1135},{},[1136],{"nodeType":864,"value":1137,"marks":1138,"data":1139},"The most damaging consequence of blocking isn't the workarounds themselves — it's the loss of visibility. To begin building a better path for employees, you have to start with seeing what's actually happening.",[],{},{"nodeType":1005,"data":1141,"content":1142},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1144,"content":1145},{},[1146],{"nodeType":864,"value":1147,"marks":1148,"data":1150},"Using Push to discover, govern, and control shadow AI",[1149],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1152,"content":1153},{},[1154],{"nodeType":864,"value":1155,"marks":1156,"data":1157},"Push Security is a browser security platform that gets you the vantage point you need to start addressing shadow AI. Push deploys as a lightweight extension to employees' existing browsers rather than requiring a full browser migration, giving security teams visibility into browser-layer activity that network and endpoint tools structurally lack.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1159,"content":1160},{},[1161,1165,1170,1174,1179],{"nodeType":864,"value":1162,"marks":1163,"data":1164},"Push discovers AI tools through ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1166,"marks":1167,"data":1169},"automatic",[1168],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1171,"marks":1172,"data":1173}," ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1175,"marks":1176,"data":1178},"app discovery",[1177],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1180,"marks":1181,"data":1182},", allowing you to identify applications from actual browser login events rather than network traffic logs. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1184,"content":1188},{"target":1185},{"sys":1186},{"id":1187,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4eTkgU2dxhMueHPiwuCWDl",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1190,"content":1191},{},[1192],{"nodeType":864,"value":1193,"marks":1194,"data":1195},"When an employee signs into a new AI service, Push registers the authentication event, identifies the application, and logs how the employee authenticated — corporate SSO, OIDC, a standalone password, or a personal account. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1197,"content":1198},{},[1199,1203,1208],{"nodeType":864,"value":1200,"marks":1201,"data":1202},"Push then applies ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1204,"marks":1205,"data":1207},"app categories ",[1206],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1209,"marks":1210,"data":1211},"automatically, classifying the discovered application by type without requiring security teams to build or maintain manual lists.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1213,"content":1214},{},[1215,1219,1224],{"nodeType":864,"value":1216,"marks":1217,"data":1218},"Push extends the same discovery across the other three shadow AI dimensions. The platform’s ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1220,"marks":1221,"data":1223},"browser extension discovery ",[1222],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1225,"marks":1226,"data":1227},"capability catalogs every AI-related extension installed across the workforce, including the specific permissions each extension has requested (access to page content, browsing history, clipboard data), allowing you to review whether those permission combinations could enable data exfiltration or account takeover. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1229,"content":1233},{"target":1230},{"sys":1231},{"id":1232,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1z56sTWWN9E35dE3HhbRNY",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1235,"content":1236},{},[1237,1241,1246],{"nodeType":864,"value":1238,"marks":1239,"data":1240},"Push’s ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1242,"marks":1243,"data":1245},"OAuth integration discovery",[1244],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1247,"marks":1248,"data":1249}," identifies OAuth connections between AI tools and corporate systems — the grants that create persistent API-level access to platforms like Google Workspace.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1251,"content":1252},{},[1253,1257,1262],{"nodeType":864,"value":1254,"marks":1255,"data":1256},"For each discovered tool, Push also captures authentication context that points to ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1258,"marks":1259,"data":1261},"where hidden security risks lie",[1260],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1263,"marks":1264,"data":1265},": SSO vs. password vs. personal account, MFA status, and password strength. An AI tool accessed via corporate SSO with MFA is a different risk than the same tool accessed through a personal Gmail account with a reused password. Similarly, employees using only a password to access AI tools that they’ve integrated with other sensitive corporate systems introduces another level of downstream risk. That context is what makes the inventory actionable.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1267,"content":1268},{},[1269],{"nodeType":864,"value":1270,"marks":1271,"data":1272},"Push also detects when employees are adopting agentic browsers — autonomous AI-powered browsers like Comet, Atlas, and Dia that browse the web and interact with applications on behalf of users or automated workflows. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1274,"content":1275},{},[1276],{"nodeType":864,"value":1277,"marks":1278,"data":1279},"These represent an emerging category of non-human AI identity. They authenticate to SaaS applications, access corporate data, and make API calls, but they aren't managed through traditional identity infrastructure. Push helps you identify these agentic browsers as they appear in the environment, before they become a blind spot.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1281,"content":1282},{},[1283],{"nodeType":864,"value":1284,"marks":1285,"data":1286},"Returning to the paved path metaphor, this step is about surveying the site before you figure out where to put in the path. You need to understand who’s already doing what, where, so you can find the risks you need to address.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1288,"content":1292},{"target":1289},{"sys":1290},{"id":1291,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5iXyJbxwWiUt7WoP7FF0Y2",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1294,"content":1295},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1297,"content":1298},{},[1299],{"nodeType":864,"value":1300,"marks":1301,"data":1303},"Step-by-step guide to enforcing AI governance without blocking everything",[1302],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1305,"content":1306},{},[1307],{"nodeType":864,"value":1308,"marks":1309,"data":1310},"The barricade approach favored by existing solutions like network proxies gives you two options: Allow or block. Enforcing AI policy effectively requires a third approach with a bit more nuance: Guide the user to do the right thing. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1312,"data":1313,"content":1314},"heading-2",{},[1315],{"nodeType":864,"value":1316,"marks":1317,"data":1318},"Building the \"paved path\" with Push",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1320,"content":1321},{},[1322],{"nodeType":864,"value":1323,"marks":1324,"data":1325},"Push provides all three options as configurable enforcement modes for a variety of readymade controls. Progressing between them is how organizations can move from \"we don't know what people are doing with AI\" to evidence-based governance.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1327,"content":1328},{},[1329,1333,1338],{"nodeType":864,"value":1330,"marks":1331,"data":1332},"Push can be deployed silently and begin observing AI usage with no employee-facing intervention. This is effectively Push in ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1334,"marks":1335,"data":1337},"Monitor",[1336],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1339,"marks":1340,"data":1341}," mode.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1343,"content":1344},{},[1345],{"nodeType":864,"value":1346,"marks":1347,"data":1348},"The platform records which tools are in use, how employees authenticated, and what usage patterns are emerging. Most organizations should start here to generate a baseline. Telemetry can be streamed to your SIEM or other downstream system to get alerted to newly adopted apps and extensions, and to surface security risks like insecure accounts.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1350,"content":1351},{},[1352,1356,1361,1365,1370],{"nodeType":864,"value":1353,"marks":1354,"data":1355},"Next, most organizations will transition to ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1357,"marks":1358,"data":1360},"Acknowledge",[1359],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1362,"marks":1363,"data":1364}," mode for controls like in-browser ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1366,"marks":1367,"data":1369},"App banners",[1368],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1371,"marks":1372,"data":1373},". With this control, you can warn employees when they attempt to use an unapproved AI tool and point them to approved alternatives.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1375,"content":1379},{"target":1376},{"sys":1377},{"id":1378,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"17nT8JDTyHLExwhb2upb6T",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1381,"content":1382},{},[1383],{"nodeType":864,"value":1384,"marks":1385,"data":1386},"The employee isn't blocked — they're guided toward the governed path at the moment they're about to step off it. This is more effective than a policy document because it arrives right when they need the reminder. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1388,"content":1392},{"target":1389},{"sys":1390},{"id":1391,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2lDFCuc48jcGODcwD6nYhK",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1394,"content":1395},{},[1396,1401],{"nodeType":864,"value":1397,"marks":1398,"data":1400},"Block",[1399],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1402,"marks":1403,"data":1404}," mode prevents access entirely — Push presents a blocking banner to users who attempt to log in to unapproved apps. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1406,"content":1407},{},[1408],{"nodeType":864,"value":1409,"marks":1410,"data":1411},"Push makes the Monitor → Acknowledge → Block progression practical through automatic app categorization. This means that new AI tools inherit whatever governance mode the team has set for that category, without manual blocklist updates. All controls are configurable per user group — the data science team can use AI coding assistants while uploads from finance are restricted — because different teams have different risk profiles.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1413,"content":1417},{"target":1414},{"sys":1415},{"id":1416,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5EBOHy6X6iJfmzJ65txGOv",[],{"nodeType":996,"data":1419,"content":1423},{"target":1420},{"sys":1421},{"id":1422,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"31JnX2KNCAnlaVS9Qqqh8W",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1425,"content":1426},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1428,"content":1429},{},[1430],{"nodeType":864,"value":1431,"marks":1432,"data":1434},"Guardrails: how to prevent data loss to AI tools",[1433],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1436,"content":1437},{},[1438],{"nodeType":864,"value":1439,"marks":1440,"data":1441},"Even on the paved path, you need guardrails because preventing data loss to AI tools is a separate problem from controlling which tools employees use. An employee on an approved AI tool can still paste an AWS access key into a prompt, upload a customer spreadsheet, or share confidential documents in a conversation.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1443,"content":1444},{},[1445,1448,1457],{"nodeType":864,"value":21,"marks":1446,"data":1447},[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1449,"content":1450},{"uri":916},[1451],{"nodeType":864,"value":1452,"marks":1453,"data":1456},"Okta's data",[1454],{"type":1455},"underline",{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1458,"marks":1459,"data":1460}," on what employees actually share shows what’s at stake: 54% share internal messages and emails with AI tools, 39% share confidential company documents, and 28% share banking and payment information.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1462,"content":1463},{},[1464],{"nodeType":864,"value":1465,"marks":1466,"data":1467},"Blocking is too much of a blunt instrument here, as obviously, you want employees to be able to use approved tools. The answer is controlling what data enters them.",[],{},{"nodeType":1312,"data":1469,"content":1470},{},[1471],{"nodeType":864,"value":1472,"marks":1473,"data":1475},"Browser-layer controls for AI data leakage",[1474],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1477,"content":1478},{},[1479],{"nodeType":864,"value":1480,"marks":1481,"data":1482},"Push addresses this problem with four browser-layer data controls, each targeting a distinct exfiltration path and supporting the same Monitor → Warn → Block enforcement modes:",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1484,"content":1485},{},[1486,1491],{"nodeType":864,"value":1487,"marks":1488,"data":1490},"Clipboard blocking",[1489],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1492,"marks":1493,"data":1494}," addresses the most common path for sensitive data into AI tools: copy-paste. Push matches clipboard content against preconfigured patterns for AWS access keys, GitHub tokens, API keys, credit card numbers, and personal identifiers, plus custom content rules for organization-specific data like internal project codes. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1496,"content":1497},{},[1498,1502,1507],{"nodeType":864,"value":1499,"marks":1500,"data":1501},"In ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1503,"marks":1504,"data":1506},"Warn",[1505],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1508,"marks":1509,"data":1510}," mode, Push offers a redacted version of the sensitive data so the employee can continue their work — getting help with their code, for instance — without exposing the actual credential.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1512,"content":1516},{"target":1513},{"sys":1514},{"id":1515,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1JarUdbe8AkJlgB0LjchNR",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1518,"content":1519},{},[1520,1525],{"nodeType":864,"value":1521,"marks":1522,"data":1524},"File upload blocking",[1523],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1526,"marks":1527,"data":1528}," prevents files from being uploaded to specific AI apps, configurable by app, user group, and file type (Push provides a list for fast configuration).",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1530,"content":1531},{},[1532,1537,1541,1550,1554,1559],{"nodeType":864,"value":1533,"marks":1534,"data":1536},"File download blocking",[1535],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1538,"marks":1539,"data":1540}," addresses a different common risk: Employees downloading desktop versions of AI tools, which moves usage outside the browser where Push has visibility. Download blocking also covers files generated inside web applications, such as an AI tool that produces a downloadable asset. (Push’s detection and response capabilities also protect against scenarios in which attackers present users with ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1542,"content":1544},{"uri":1543},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign",[1545],{"nodeType":864,"value":1546,"marks":1547,"data":1549},"faked AI tool download pages",[1548],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1551,"marks":1552,"data":1553}," as part of phishing campaigns, a technique we dubbed ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1555,"marks":1556,"data":1558},"LLMShare",[1557],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1560,"marks":1561,"data":1562},".)",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1564,"content":1565},{},[1566],{"nodeType":864,"value":1567,"marks":1568,"data":1569},"Push also provides telemetry streams on all file upload and download events in your environment, so you can get a baseline pattern of life and identify anomalies that could indicate insider risk. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1571,"content":1572},{},[1573,1577,1582],{"nodeType":864,"value":1574,"marks":1575,"data":1576},"The Push platform also provides the capability to write your own ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1578,"marks":1579,"data":1581},"custom detections",[1580],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1583,"marks":1584,"data":1585},", which you can use for other organization-specific use cases, or even to extend your control over GenAI tool usage, such as by blocking unapproved MCP server connections.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1587,"content":1591},{"target":1588},{"sys":1589},{"id":1590,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5XYVgJjgUPUfY1W1Zcgrvm",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1593,"content":1594},{},[1595,1599,1604],{"nodeType":864,"value":1596,"marks":1597,"data":1598},"Finally, ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1600,"marks":1601,"data":1603},"AI conversation visibility",[1602],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1605,"marks":1606,"data":1607}," gives you a window into what is being shared in AI chats, consumable as a stream of events to your SIEM or SOAR. Over time, you can build up a picture of what’s normal or what violates company policy, and create a queryable history to identify potential data loss during an incident response process.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1609,"content":1610},{},[1611],{"nodeType":864,"value":1612,"marks":1613,"data":1614},"Traditional DLP at the endpoint or network layer misses these paths. Network DLP and SWGs can't inspect clipboard pastes into AI prompts — there's no network event to intercept. Endpoint DLP sees file-system operations but not in-browser activity. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1616,"content":1617},{},[1618],{"nodeType":864,"value":1619,"marks":1620,"data":1621},"Push's controls operate where the data is flowing — inside the browser session.",[],{},{"nodeType":1005,"data":1623,"content":1624},{},[],{"nodeType":1312,"data":1626,"content":1627},{},[1628],{"nodeType":864,"value":1629,"marks":1630,"data":1632},"How to keep up with AI tool sprawl",[1631],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1634,"content":1635},{},[1636],{"nodeType":864,"value":1637,"marks":1638,"data":1639},"Pragmatically, the hardest part of generative AI security isn't the initial steps you take — it's keeping up with the sprawl. Point-in-time audits quickly become outdated when the landscape changes so quickly.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1641,"content":1642},{},[1643],{"nodeType":864,"value":1644,"marks":1645,"data":1646},"Push addresses this with continuous discovery, telemetry streams for the most important points of user interaction with AI apps, and controls that allow you to adapt quickly with simple configuration changes.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1648,"content":1649},{},[1650],{"nodeType":864,"value":1651,"marks":1652,"data":1653},"With automatic app categorization, if an employee starts using a new AI code assistant that didn't exist last quarter, Push discovers it, classifies it, and applies your governance rules — no manual intervention required.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1655,"content":1656},{},[1657],{"nodeType":864,"value":1658,"marks":1659,"data":1660},"All AI-related telemetry — app logins, file uploads and downloads, clipboard events, browser extensions, AI chat transcripts — can be sent as structured data to your SIEM.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1662,"content":1663},{},[1664],{"nodeType":864,"value":1665,"marks":1666,"data":1667},"This gives you all the information you need to track your progress, check your compliance status, and identify trends in AI usage and risk across your business as you make progress toward your goal, armed with the right data you didn't have before.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1669,"content":1670},{},[1671],{"nodeType":864,"value":1672,"marks":1673,"data":1674},"The goal isn't perfect control over every AI interaction. It's having enough visibility to make informed decisions and enough control to enforce them, without intensifying the shadow AI usage problem you set out to solve. Push can help you get there.",[],{},{"nodeType":1005,"data":1676,"content":1677},{},[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1679,"content":1680},{},[1681],{"nodeType":864,"value":1682,"marks":1683,"data":1684},"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1686,"content":1687},{},[1688],{"nodeType":864,"value":1689,"marks":1690,"data":1691},"Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1693,"content":1694},{},[1695,1698,1707],{"nodeType":864,"value":21,"marks":1696,"data":1697},[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1699,"content":1701},{"uri":1700},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo",[1702],{"nodeType":864,"value":1703,"marks":1704,"data":1706},"Book a live demo to learn more.",[1705],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":21,"marks":1708,"data":1709},[],{},{"entries":1711},{"hyperlink":1712,"inline":1713,"block":1714},[],[],[1715,1722,1731,1738,1776,1783,1790,1796,1803,1830,1838,1852,1858],{"sys":1716,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":1719,"buttonLabel":1720,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":58},{"id":1000},"CtaWidget","Custom","Don't miss our upcoming webinar on Shadow AI and how to manage it in your organization.","Register Now","sunny orange",{"sys":1723,"__typename":1724,"title":1725,"caption":1726,"layoutMode":59,"file":1727},{"id":1040},"Image","ai-sprawl-infographic","AI sprawl is worse than most organizations realize. ",{"url":1728,"width":1729,"height":1730},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7vCbQdyRkjLs5EmsjBBAQp/3bfb13e7ec19be76325cdc69297c48c3/ai-sprawl-infographic_2x__3_.png",1800,1192,{"sys":1732,"__typename":1724,"title":1733,"caption":1733,"layoutMode":59,"file":1734},{"id":1058},"Shadow AI visibility gaps using traditional tools",{"url":1735,"width":1736,"height":1737},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7HQl2qfsTiCwa2pRzCVqDE/d87180dd96358326097565d8a60e8591/image9.png",1999,1125,{"sys":1739,"__typename":1740,"content":1741,"name":1775,"title":59},{"id":1076},"InsightTextBlockComponent",{"json":1742},{"data":1743,"content":1744,"nodeType":856},{},[1745],{"data":1746,"content":1747,"nodeType":860},{},[1748,1752,1759,1763,1771],{"data":1749,"marks":1750,"value":1751,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are already exploiting this interconnectivity — from ",{"data":1753,"content":1754,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1543},[1755],{"data":1756,"marks":1757,"value":1758,"nodeType":864},{},[],"malvertising campaigns that impersonate AI tools",{"data":1760,"marks":1761,"value":1762,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to steal credentials, to ",{"data":1764,"content":1766,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1765},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach",[1767],{"data":1768,"marks":1769,"value":1770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"leveraging OAuth consent grants in supply chain attacks",{"data":1772,"marks":1773,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],". ","Shadow AI guide IB3",{"sys":1777,"__typename":1724,"title":1778,"caption":1778,"layoutMode":59,"file":1779},{"id":1187},"Push automatically discovers and inventories AI apps from browser login events.",{"url":1780,"width":1781,"height":1782},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5krEecjMxIJgVCa74A79xa/3bb94ca3b496e9486f94526d708e34d5/image8.png",1469,850,{"sys":1784,"__typename":1724,"title":1785,"caption":1785,"layoutMode":59,"file":1786},{"id":1232},"Push discovers AI browser extensions used by your users, across every browser.",{"url":1787,"width":1788,"height":1789},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/14lMFifCBB9RwQpt101tNd/dabe2713e58e787175701ec0d35076ca/image2.png",1470,851,{"sys":1791,"__typename":1724,"title":1792,"caption":1792,"layoutMode":59,"file":1793},{"id":1291},"Push's four-step path to secure AI adoption",{"url":1794,"width":1736,"height":1795},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/E1wuJW4EzmjeLTpnHHM9f/895569f4b215b1b7b82e697c40462cbc/image3.png",1013,{"sys":1797,"__typename":1724,"title":1798,"caption":1798,"layoutMode":59,"file":1799},{"id":1378},"Push in-browser warning screen guiding the user toward the preferred AI app",{"url":1800,"width":1801,"height":1802},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3ouLBkKhiEcBmY8V2XAaUz/71a3cb221adba7d2744ff8b02bab3891/image4.png",1435,738,{"sys":1804,"__typename":1740,"content":1805,"name":1829,"title":59},{"id":1391},{"json":1806},{"data":1807,"content":1808,"nodeType":856},{},[1809],{"data":1810,"content":1811,"nodeType":860},{},[1812,1816,1825],{"data":1813,"marks":1814,"value":1815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“A published policy is not the same thing as people actually doing that,” explains Push customer Stephen Shkardoon, cybersecurity manager at Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, on one of the drivers for their ",{"data":1817,"content":1819,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1818},"https://pushsecurity.com/customer-stories/te-herenga-waka-victoria-university-of-wellington",[1820],{"data":1821,"marks":1822,"value":1824,"nodeType":864},{},[1823],{"type":1455},"selection of Push Security",{"data":1826,"marks":1827,"value":1828,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to get control of AI usage at their organization.","Shadow AI guide IB1",{"sys":1831,"__typename":1724,"title":1832,"caption":1833,"layoutMode":59,"file":1834},{"id":1416},"Rules for AI app controls can be configured on a variety of conditions, including user groups, app attributes, and what mode of enforcement you wish to use.","Rules for AI app controls can be configured on a variety of conditions, including user groups, app attributes, and the mode of enforcement.",{"url":1835,"width":1836,"height":1837},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7czh28QGwm0ZStUmeWXBaq/667ee2441911fa4006a2ec75ebf727ea/image6.png",692,830,{"sys":1839,"__typename":1740,"content":1840,"name":1851,"title":59},{"id":1422},{"json":1841},{"data":1842,"content":1843,"nodeType":856},{},[1844],{"data":1845,"content":1846,"nodeType":860},{},[1847],{"data":1848,"marks":1849,"value":1850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push customers love the flexibility of this control compared to an SWG or CASB, which often rely on binary enforcement at the domain level only. ","Shadow AI guide IB2",{"sys":1853,"__typename":1724,"title":1854,"caption":1854,"layoutMode":59,"file":1855},{"id":1515},"Push blocks clipboard copy events that violate your policy.",{"url":1856,"width":1736,"height":1857},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/jjUt4bChHcCWQJXqNzyQ8/c16974d72ef2bbc65689bf46bcb59e6f/image5.png",1295,{"sys":1859,"__typename":1724,"title":1860,"caption":1860,"layoutMode":59,"file":1861},{"id":1590},"Push can block unapproved MCP connection requests in real time.",{"url":1862,"width":1736,"height":1863},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/wTAwk90bIA1B3XSkRf4M4/e4d3630af83501e6b4b05217fdf2e600/image1.png",1203,{"items":1865},[1866,1879,1892,1912,1932,1952,1972,1992,2012,2032],{"answer":1867,"question":1878},{"json":1868},{"nodeType":856,"data":1869,"content":1870},{},[1871],{"nodeType":860,"data":1872,"content":1873},{},[1874],{"nodeType":864,"value":1875,"marks":1876,"data":1877},"Network monitoring tools see domain-level traffic but can't tell you what's actually happening inside an AI session — whether an employee is browsing a tool's marketing page or pasting source code into a prompt. IdP logs capture OAuth grants routed through the identity provider but miss AI tools accessed via direct signup or personal accounts. Browser-based security tools like Push Security monitor AI activity where it actually happens: inside the browser session. Push captures login events, clipboard pastes, file uploads, extension installations, and OAuth grants, providing structured telemetry on what data is moving into which AI tools, through which accounts, and whether those accounts are corporate or personal.",[],{},"How do you monitor what employees are doing with AI tools?",{"answer":1880,"question":1891},{"json":1881},{"nodeType":856,"data":1882,"content":1883},{},[1884],{"nodeType":860,"data":1885,"content":1886},{},[1887],{"nodeType":864,"value":1888,"marks":1889,"data":1890},"Binary allow/block decisions — whether enforced through a SWG, CASB, or enterprise browser — treat every AI interaction as equivalent, which pushes employees toward tools you can't see at all. Graduated enforcement offers a middle path. Push Security lets teams start with monitoring to build an accurate picture of AI usage, then introduce in-browser prompts that explain why a tool hasn't been approved and direct employees toward sanctioned alternatives, before applying hard blocks only where the data sensitivity or tool risk justifies it. Controls are configurable per user group, and new AI tools automatically inherit governance rules through automatic categorization — so enforcement keeps pace with the landscape without manual blocklist updates.",[],{},"How do you restrict AI usage without blocking everything?",{"answer":1893,"question":1911},{"json":1894},{"nodeType":856,"data":1895,"content":1896},{},[1897,1904],{"nodeType":860,"data":1898,"content":1899},{},[1900],{"nodeType":864,"value":1901,"marks":1902,"data":1903},"Network monitoring tools, IdP logs, and endpoint agents each catch a slice of shadow AI but miss entire categories. SWGs see domain traffic but can't confirm whether someone authenticated or what they did after login. IdPs capture OAuth grants routed through the identity provider but miss AI tools accessed via direct signup or personal accounts. EDR is blind to browser-layer activity entirely. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1905,"content":1906},{},[1907],{"nodeType":864,"value":1908,"marks":1909,"data":1910},"Browser-based security tools like Push Security identify AI tools from actual login events, catching the four categories other tools miss: unapproved AI apps, personal accounts on approved tools, AI browser extensions with broad permissions, and OAuth integrations granting persistent API access to corporate systems. Each discovered app is automatically categorized and enriched with authentication context — SSO vs. password, MFA status, corporate vs. personal account — so security teams can assess actual risk rather than treating every AI tool as equivalent.",[],{},"How do you discover what AI tools employees are using?",{"answer":1913,"question":1931},{"json":1914},{"nodeType":856,"data":1915,"content":1916},{},[1917,1924],{"nodeType":860,"data":1918,"content":1919},{},[1920],{"nodeType":864,"value":1921,"marks":1922,"data":1923},"This is a gap that traditional DLP architectures weren't designed for. Network DLP and SWGs can't intercept clipboard pastes into AI prompts because there's no network event to inspect — the data moves from the clipboard to the browser DOM without crossing the wire. Endpoint DLP sees file-system operations but not in-browser activity. Browser-based controls operate where the paste actually happens. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1925,"content":1926},{},[1927],{"nodeType":864,"value":1928,"marks":1929,"data":1930},"Push Security matches clipboard content against patterns for credentials, API keys, credit card numbers, and custom content rules, then offers the employee a redacted version so they can continue working without exposing the actual sensitive data. The same approach extends to file uploads and downloads, covering the exfiltration paths that network and endpoint DLP leave open.",[],{},"How do you prevent sensitive data from being pasted into AI tools?",{"answer":1933,"question":1951},{"json":1934},{"nodeType":856,"data":1935,"content":1936},{},[1937,1944],{"nodeType":860,"data":1938,"content":1939},{},[1940],{"nodeType":864,"value":1941,"marks":1942,"data":1943},"Policy documents distributed during onboarding don't change behavior at the moment someone reaches for an unapproved AI tool. SWGs can block a domain, but they can't explain why or point to an approved alternative — the employee sees an error page. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1945,"content":1946},{},[1947],{"nodeType":864,"value":1948,"marks":1949,"data":1950},"Enterprise browsers like Push Security can deliver policy enforcement at the point of decision: when an employee navigates to an unsanctioned AI tool, an in-browser message explains why the tool hasn't been approved and directs them to approved alternatives. Controls are configurable per user group — and new AI tools automatically inherit governance rules through automatic categorization, without manual blocklist updates.",[],{},"How do you enforce an AI acceptable use policy in real time?",{"answer":1953,"question":1971},{"json":1954},{"nodeType":856,"data":1955,"content":1956},{},[1957,1964],{"nodeType":860,"data":1958,"content":1959},{},[1960],{"nodeType":864,"value":1961,"marks":1962,"data":1963},"No single traditional tool covers all aspects of shadow AI (apps, tenants, integrations, extensions) and the user interaction with those categories of tool. SWGs and CASBs see domain-level traffic but can't identify personal account usage, extension activity, or clipboard pastes into AI prompts. IdPs capture federated logins but miss direct signups and personal accounts entirely. EDR doesn't see browser-layer activity. DSPM monitors data at rest in cloud storage but not data in motion through browser sessions. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1965,"content":1966},{},[1967],{"nodeType":864,"value":1968,"marks":1969,"data":1970},"Most organizations will need browser-layer visibility alongside their existing stack — not as a replacement, but to close the gaps those tools weren't designed to address. Tools like Push Security operate at the layer where AI activity actually happens, covering all shadow AI categories with graduated enforcement (monitor, warn, block), per-user-group policies, and telemetry on authentication methods, clipboard events, file uploads, and OAuth grants. ",[],{},"What tools do you need to manage shadow AI?",{"answer":1973,"question":1991},{"json":1974},{"nodeType":856,"data":1975,"content":1976},{},[1977,1984],{"nodeType":860,"data":1978,"content":1979},{},[1980],{"nodeType":864,"value":1981,"marks":1982,"data":1983},"AI browser extensions are a blind spot for most security stacks. Endpoint management tools may detect that an extension is installed but typically can't evaluate what permissions it has requested or whether those permissions create data exfiltration risk. SWGs and CASBs don't see extension activity at all — extensions operate within the browser, not over the network. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1985,"content":1986},{},[1987],{"nodeType":864,"value":1988,"marks":1989,"data":1990},"Push Security inventories every AI-related extension installed across the workforce, surfaces the specific permissions each extension has requested (access to page content, browsing history, clipboard data), and identifies permission combinations that could enable account takeover or data exfiltration. Security teams can then apply monitor, warn, or block enforcement to extension categories — and new extensions automatically inherit governance rules without maintaining manual allowlists that go stale as new AI extensions appear daily.",[],{},"How do I stop employees installing AI browser extensions?",{"answer":1993,"question":2011},{"json":1994},{"nodeType":856,"data":1995,"content":1996},{},[1997,2004],{"nodeType":860,"data":1998,"content":1999},{},[2000],{"nodeType":864,"value":2001,"marks":2002,"data":2003},"Point-in-time audits — whether run through an IdP, a CASB, or manual surveys — tell you what was true when you ran them. AI tool adoption changes weekly; Gartner projects 150,000 AI agents per Fortune 500 enterprise by 2028. SWGs can log new domains but can't classify them or apply governance rules automatically. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":2005,"content":2006},{},[2007],{"nodeType":864,"value":2008,"marks":2009,"data":2010},"Push Security discovers new AI tools as employees start using them: when someone logs in to a new AI app, Push identifies it from the login event, automatically categorizes it, and applies the organization's existing governance rules without manual intervention. All AI-related telemetry — app access, file uploads, clipboard events, extension activity — streams as structured data to the customer's SIEM, providing the material for governance dashboards and compliance reporting that stays current as the landscape shifts.",[],{},"How do you get visibility into AI tool sprawl?",{"answer":2013,"question":2031},{"json":2014},{"nodeType":856,"data":2015,"content":2016},{},[2017,2024],{"nodeType":860,"data":2018,"content":2019},{},[2020],{"nodeType":864,"value":2021,"marks":2022,"data":2023},"AI visibility means knowing which AI tools employees are using, how they're accessing them, and what data flows into those tools. AI control is the ability to enforce rules on that usage — blocking unapproved tools, restricting data flows, requiring approved accounts. AI governance is the broader program that encompasses both: defining acceptable use policies, establishing risk frameworks for evaluating new tools, and building the organizational processes that turn visibility and control into sustained security outcomes. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":2025,"content":2026},{},[2027],{"nodeType":864,"value":2028,"marks":2029,"data":2030},"Most organizations that struggle with AI governance have a visibility problem first — they're trying to write policies for tools they don't know their employees are using. But visibility without control is just watching the problem happen. Push Security provides both: discovery and monitoring across all four categories of shadow AI, plus graduated enforcement controls that let you apply different responses based on the risk profile of each tool, account, and data flow, at the point of interaction in the browser for real-time enforcement.",[],{},"What is the difference between AI governance, AI visibility, and AI control?",{"answer":2033,"question":2051},{"json":2034},{"nodeType":856,"data":2035,"content":2036},{},[2037,2044],{"nodeType":860,"data":2038,"content":2039},{},[2040],{"nodeType":864,"value":2041,"marks":2042,"data":2043},"Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) tools monitor data at rest in cloud storage and SaaS applications, identifying misconfigurations, overly permissive access, and sensitive data exposure. They don't monitor data in motion through browser sessions — which is the primary path for shadow AI risk. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":2045,"content":2046},{},[2047],{"nodeType":864,"value":2048,"marks":2049,"data":2050},"When an employee pastes source code into an AI prompt or uploads a customer spreadsheet to an unapproved AI tool, that data movement happens entirely inside the browser and never touches the cloud storage layer that DSPM tools monitor. DSPM and browser security are complementary: DSPM secures data where it is stored, while browser-layer tools like Push Security secure data where it moves.",[],{},"Does Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) prevent shadow AI?","Shadow AI discovery and governance: Frequently asked questions",{},"How to discover AI, enforce policies, and prevent data loss","2026-08-13T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":2057},[2058,2741,3626],{"__typename":2059,"sys":2060,"content":2062,"title":2720,"synopsis":2721,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":2722,"slug":2723,"tagsCollection":2724,"authorsCollection":2733},"BlogPosts",{"id":2061},"4NY2NbkAPucFOJY45yrrrE",{"json":2063},{"data":2064,"content":2065,"nodeType":856},{},[2066,2073,2080,2087,2093,2096,2104,2111,2144,2151,2176,2182,2185,2193,2200,2208,2252,2258,2265,2270,2273,2281,2288,2296,2303,2310,2326,2334,2359,2366,2372,2379,2387,2402,2430,2436,2454,2460,2468,2475,2500,2507,2514,2521,2527,2530,2538,2545,2552,2571,2579,2586,2594,2617,2629,2635,2638,2646,2653,2660,2667,2686,2689,2695,2701],{"data":2067,"content":2068,"nodeType":860},{},[2069],{"data":2070,"marks":2071,"value":2072,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employees have been self-adopting apps, creating unmanaged accounts, and introducing third-party software dependencies into their organizations for years, and the core problem hasn't changed: unmanaged software expanding your attack surface without your knowledge.",{"data":2074,"content":2075,"nodeType":860},{},[2076],{"data":2077,"marks":2078,"value":2079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the rate at which employees are signing up for AI tools is unprecedented, and the depth of interconnectivity those tools demand is fundamentally different from traditional shadow SaaS. ",{"data":2081,"content":2082,"nodeType":860},{},[2083],{"data":2084,"marks":2085,"value":2086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI tools aren't just standalone apps that employees sign into — they're increasingly used as agents that drive other applications, pulling data from one platform, acting on another — they are becoming a core that other apps are integrating to, and that users are integrating with their wider SaaS stack. It’s becoming a focal integration point for app access and functionality in a way that's more comparable to an enterprise cloud platform than a typical SaaS tool. ",{"data":2088,"content":2092,"nodeType":996},{"target":2089},{"sys":2090},{"id":2091,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2Vxb48M5JN9Jdy8BG6nbUJ",[],{"data":2094,"content":2095,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2097,"content":2098,"nodeType":1009},{},[2099],{"data":2100,"marks":2101,"value":2103,"nodeType":864},{},[2102],{"type":899},"What is shadow AI? A quick 101",{"data":2105,"content":2106,"nodeType":860},{},[2107],{"data":2108,"marks":2109,"value":2110,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow AI is any use of AI tools, services, or integrations that happens outside an organization's security governance and visibility. Shadow AI risks cut in two directions:",{"data":2112,"content":2113,"nodeType":941},{},[2114,2129],{"data":2115,"content":2116,"nodeType":945},{},[2117],{"data":2118,"content":2119,"nodeType":860},{},[2120,2125],{"data":2121,"marks":2122,"value":2124,"nodeType":864},{},[2123],{"type":899},"Data exposure:",{"data":2126,"marks":2127,"value":2128,"nodeType":864},{},[]," source code, credentials, internal documents, and customer data routinely get pasted into AI prompts or uploaded as context, and once shared, that data is outside the organization's control. ",{"data":2130,"content":2131,"nodeType":945},{},[2132],{"data":2133,"content":2134,"nodeType":860},{},[2135,2140],{"data":2136,"marks":2137,"value":2139,"nodeType":864},{},[2138],{"type":899},"Attack surface:",{"data":2141,"marks":2142,"value":2143,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Every shadow AI app is an unmanaged identity with credentials that can be phished or stuffed, OAuth grants that give persistent API access to corporate systems, and browser extensions that can be compromised in supply chain attacks. ",{"data":2145,"content":2146,"nodeType":860},{},[2147],{"data":2148,"marks":2149,"value":2150,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI tools increasingly function as hubs, connected via OAuth and MCP to email, cloud storage, code repositories, and other high-value systems. Every app connection an employee grants turns that AI tool into a node in a web of interconnected services, which means the more you hook in, the larger the attack surface across all the connected apps — and the greater the blast radius if the account used to access the AI tool is compromised.",{"data":2152,"content":2153,"nodeType":860},{},[2154,2158,2164,2167,2173],{"data":2155,"marks":2156,"value":2157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Each integration creates a persistent trust relationship that survives password resets and MFA changes. Compromise a single AI app and an attacker inherits whatever access the employee granted it, turning one ungoverned tool into a pivot point across the SaaS estate. Attackers are already exploiting this interconnectivity — from ",{"data":2159,"content":2160,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1543},[2161],{"data":2162,"marks":2163,"value":1758,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2165,"marks":2166,"value":1762,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2168,"content":2169,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1765},[2170],{"data":2171,"marks":2172,"value":1770,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2174,"marks":2175,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2177,"content":2181,"nodeType":996},{"target":2178},{"sys":2179},{"id":2180,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1BWCa7AHCMlYw7XgPLx3h7",[],{"data":2183,"content":2184,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2186,"content":2187,"nodeType":1009},{},[2188],{"data":2189,"marks":2190,"value":2192,"nodeType":864},{},[2191],{"type":899},"The state of shadow AI, using Push data",{"data":2194,"content":2195,"nodeType":860},{},[2196],{"data":2197,"marks":2198,"value":2199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We analyzed a snapshot of AI activity across Push customers during an average week in April 2026. We wanted to make sure it captured actual activity, not just historical data on apps that were added once and no longer used.",{"data":2201,"content":2202,"nodeType":860},{},[2203],{"data":2204,"marks":2205,"value":2207,"nodeType":864},{},[2206],{"type":899},"The numbers paint a picture that most security teams will find uncomfortable.",{"data":2209,"content":2210,"nodeType":860},{},[2211,2215,2220,2224,2229,2233,2238,2242,2248],{"data":2212,"marks":2213,"value":2214,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The average organization has ",{"data":2216,"marks":2217,"value":2219,"nodeType":864},{},[2218],{"type":899},"16 unique AI apps",{"data":2221,"marks":2222,"value":2223,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in active use, ",{"data":2225,"marks":2226,"value":2228,"nodeType":864},{},[2227],{"type":899},"17 unique AI browser extensions",{"data":2230,"marks":2231,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and ",{"data":2234,"marks":2235,"value":2237,"nodeType":864},{},[2236],{"type":899},"17 unique AI OAuth integrations",{"data":2239,"marks":2240,"value":2241,"nodeType":864},{},[]," connected into just Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 — with some organizations reaching as high as 40 unique AI apps, 163 AI extensions, and 55 OAuth connections to AI apps respectively. At the other end, the smallest organization with the ",{"data":2243,"marks":2244,"value":2247,"nodeType":864},{},[2245],{"type":2246},"italic","lowest",{"data":2249,"marks":2250,"value":2251,"nodeType":864},{},[]," adoption level is actively using two. ",{"data":2253,"content":2257,"nodeType":996},{"target":2254},{"sys":2255},{"id":2256,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2AfeiHub5kyZN8wuf6CJch",[],{"data":2259,"content":2260,"nodeType":860},{},[2261],{"data":2262,"marks":2263,"value":2264,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If most organizations have sanctioned one or two core AI assistants/platforms for business use, the gap between what's approved and what's actually happening is significant.",{"data":2266,"content":2269,"nodeType":996},{"target":2267},{"sys":2268},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":2271,"content":2272,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2274,"content":2275,"nodeType":1009},{},[2276],{"data":2277,"marks":2278,"value":2280,"nodeType":864},{},[2279],{"type":899},"Understanding the four categories of shadow AI",{"data":2282,"content":2283,"nodeType":860},{},[2284],{"data":2285,"marks":2286,"value":2287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow SaaS has always been a problem, but in the context of AI apps there are four categories of shadow IT that security teams need to understand, because each one introduces a different kind of risk and requires a different approach to tackling it.",{"data":2289,"content":2290,"nodeType":1312},{},[2291],{"data":2292,"marks":2293,"value":2295,"nodeType":864},{},[2294],{"type":899},"Shadow AI apps",{"data":2297,"content":2298,"nodeType":860},{},[2299],{"data":2300,"marks":2301,"value":2302,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow apps are AI tools that employees have signed up to and are using for business purposes without approval. This is the most visible dimension of the problem, and the one most people think of when they hear \"shadow AI\" — an employee pastes sensitive internal documents into ChatGPT, uploads confidential files to an AI assistant, or uses an unapproved coding tool to generate production code.",{"data":2304,"content":2305,"nodeType":860},{},[2306],{"data":2307,"marks":2308,"value":2309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All of that is sensitive data leaving the organization through channels the security team can't see - and often accessible using personal accounts that can be compromised on personal devices or workstations. ",{"data":2311,"content":2312,"nodeType":860},{},[2313,2317,2322],{"data":2314,"marks":2315,"value":2316,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The 2026 DBIR's data loss prevention analysis underscores the scale — shadow AI is now the ",{"data":2318,"marks":2319,"value":2321,"nodeType":864},{},[2320],{"type":899},"third most common non-malicious insider action",{"data":2323,"marks":2324,"value":2325,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in DLP data, a 4x increase year-over-year. Across 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI tools, the most common data types being submitted were source code (28%), images (16%), structured data (14%), documents (13%), and PDFs (10%). That's not employees asking ChatGPT to fix their grammar — it's core intellectual property, production code, and internal documentation flowing into platforms the security team has no visibility into. But shadow apps themselves are only the most obvious part of the problem.",{"data":2327,"content":2328,"nodeType":1312},{},[2329],{"data":2330,"marks":2331,"value":2333,"nodeType":864},{},[2332],{"type":899},"Shadow tenants",{"data":2335,"content":2336,"nodeType":860},{},[2337,2341,2346,2350,2355],{"data":2338,"marks":2339,"value":2340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even when an organization has approved an AI tool — say, an enterprise ChatGPT deployment — employees frequently access the same app with personal accounts, creating shadow tenants that sit entirely outside organizational control. The DBIR found that ",{"data":2342,"marks":2343,"value":2345,"nodeType":864},{},[2344],{"type":899},"67% of GenAI users on corporate devices are using non-corporate accounts",{"data":2347,"marks":2348,"value":2349,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and our own data shows that ",{"data":2351,"marks":2352,"value":2354,"nodeType":864},{},[2353],{"type":899},"38% of file uploads to AI tools are made from shadow accounts",{"data":2356,"marks":2357,"value":2358,"nodeType":864},{},[]," rather than approved organizational ones.",{"data":2360,"content":2361,"nodeType":860},{},[2362],{"data":2363,"marks":2364,"value":2365,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When an organization approves Claude, ChatGPT, or another core AI platform, you typically also approve the OAuth integration and browser extension for core apps (e.g. M365, Google Workspace, and so on). When that integration is approved, it is approved for all tenants — not just your corporate tenant. ",{"data":2367,"content":2371,"nodeType":996},{"target":2368},{"sys":2369},{"id":2370,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3Rvw0n28AYIM3FQXtHyafD",[],{"data":2373,"content":2374,"nodeType":860},{},[2375],{"data":2376,"marks":2377,"value":2378,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means that even if you've deployed enterprise controls around your sanctioned AI tools — DLP policies, retention settings, admin oversight — more than a third of the file uploads hitting AI tools are bypassing those controls entirely because they're happening through personal accounts on corporate devices.",{"data":2380,"content":2381,"nodeType":1312},{},[2382],{"data":2383,"marks":2384,"value":2386,"nodeType":864},{},[2385],{"type":899},"Shadow extensions",{"data":2388,"content":2389,"nodeType":860},{},[2390,2394,2398],{"data":2391,"marks":2392,"value":2393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many AI tools come with a browser extension counterpart, and there's a large ecosystem of third-party AI extensions that offer everything from writing assistance to automated data extraction. The average organization in our dataset has ",{"data":2395,"marks":2396,"value":2228,"nodeType":864},{},[2397],{"type":899},{"data":2399,"marks":2400,"value":2401,"nodeType":864},{},[]," deployed across its workforce, with the highest we observed reaching 163 — and since each of those average 17 different extensions may be installed by multiple employees, the actual number of individual extension installs across the organization is much higher still.",{"data":2403,"content":2404,"nodeType":860},{},[2405,2409,2417,2421,2426],{"data":2406,"marks":2407,"value":2408,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The extension dimension is particularly concerning because most extensions operate with significant privilege inside the browser — they can read and modify page content, access cookies and session tokens, and interact with virtually every web application an employee uses. As we detailed in our recent analysis of ",{"data":2410,"content":2412,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-browser-extension-risk-scoring-wont-predict-your-next-breach/",[2413],{"data":2414,"marks":2415,"value":2416,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser extension risk scoring",{"data":2418,"marks":2419,"value":2420,"nodeType":864},{},[],", at least ",{"data":2422,"marks":2423,"value":2425,"nodeType":864},{},[2424],{"type":899},"46.76% of all extensions across Push customers have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":2427,"marks":2428,"value":2429,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the extensions involved in every major supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as normal or low-risk beforehand.",{"data":2431,"content":2435,"nodeType":996},{"target":2432},{"sys":2433},{"id":2434,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3z4JOMALI52xoOXZkzPHLD",[],{"data":2437,"content":2438,"nodeType":860},{},[2439,2443,2450],{"data":2440,"marks":2441,"value":2442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI extensions add a specific wrinkle to this problem: many are branded to look like official companions to well-known AI tools but are actually third-party creations with no affiliation to the original vendor. They're not necessarily malicious at the point of installation, but they're exactly the kind of extension that's likely to be ",{"data":2444,"content":2445,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[2446],{"data":2447,"marks":2448,"value":2449,"nodeType":864},{},[],"acquired and weaponized",{"data":2451,"marks":2452,"value":2453,"nodeType":864},{},[]," down the line — and in the meantime, they're collecting data that their permissions entitle them to (which, in most cases, means everything the user can see in their browser).",{"data":2455,"content":2459,"nodeType":996},{"target":2456},{"sys":2457},{"id":2458,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6K3z67rohss6H3lCsSn12B",[],{"data":2461,"content":2462,"nodeType":1312},{},[2463],{"data":2464,"marks":2465,"value":2467,"nodeType":864},{},[2466],{"type":899},"Shadow integrations",{"data":2469,"content":2470,"nodeType":860},{},[2471],{"data":2472,"marks":2473,"value":2474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The fourth dimension — and arguably the most dangerous — is shadow integrations: OAuth connections between AI tools and core enterprise apps that aren't known or approved by the security team. Even if an organization has approved an AI tool for standalone use, plugging that tool directly into Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Salesforce, or any other one of the dozen or so SaaS apps in a typical user’s work stack is a fundamentally different risk decision, because it creates a persistent, programmatic bridge between your environment and a third party.",{"data":2476,"content":2477,"nodeType":860},{},[2478,2482,2487,2491,2496],{"data":2479,"marks":2480,"value":2481,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On average, we see ",{"data":2483,"marks":2484,"value":2486,"nodeType":864},{},[2485],{"type":899},"17 unique AI app OAuth integrations per organization",{"data":2488,"marks":2489,"value":2490,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in ",{"data":2492,"marks":2493,"value":2495,"nodeType":864},{},[2494],{"type":2246},"just",{"data":2497,"marks":2498,"value":2499,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 (to be clear: this number excludes the dozens of downstream apps the AI assistants are integrated with as well), with the highest reaching 55. Each of those represents a unique AI product that has been granted OAuth access — the total number of individual consent grants across users is larger, because popular integrations get authorized by multiple employees independently.",{"data":2501,"content":2502,"nodeType":860},{},[2503],{"data":2504,"marks":2505,"value":2506,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The actual number of AI-related OAuth connections across the full SaaS estate is considerably higher again, because AI tools that automate workflows need to be connected to be useful — pulling data from one app, analyzing it in another, presenting results in a third.",{"data":2508,"content":2509,"nodeType":860},{},[2510],{"data":2511,"marks":2512,"value":2513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MCP connections use OAuth to achieve this interconnectivity in the same way, and AI coding agents create a particularly concentrated version of the risk: a single agent configuration can hold OAuth tokens for Jira, Confluence, Salesforce, GitHub, and more, meaning that compromising one agent — whether through prompt injection, a malicious repository config, or a supply chain attack on an MCP server — yields persistent, broadly scoped tokens for every service it was connected to, tokens that survive session restarts and generate audit log entries indistinguishable from legitimate user activity.",{"data":2515,"content":2516,"nodeType":860},{},[2517],{"data":2518,"marks":2519,"value":2520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's also worth noting that OAuth blast radius is almost always larger than organizations expect. A single well-permissioned user can expose secrets, dashboards, and internal tooling without tenant-wide admin access. And every new AI tool an employee connects makes the web of abusable permissions a little wider.",{"data":2522,"content":2526,"nodeType":996},{"target":2523},{"sys":2524},{"id":2525,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4SnzJ9T93gHzFIUASx7Yb3",[],{"data":2528,"content":2529,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2531,"content":2532,"nodeType":1009},{},[2533],{"data":2534,"marks":2535,"value":2537,"nodeType":864},{},[2536],{"type":899},"Why shadow AI needs a different solution to shadow SaaS",{"data":2539,"content":2540,"nodeType":860},{},[2541],{"data":2542,"marks":2543,"value":2544,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reason it's worth distinguishing between these four dimensions isn't academic. Each one requires a different control, and addressing one doesn't solve the others.",{"data":2546,"content":2547,"nodeType":860},{},[2548],{"data":2549,"marks":2550,"value":2551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking unsanctioned AI apps does nothing for the personal accounts accessing approved ones, and neither addresses the average 17 different AI extensions running with broad browser permissions, let alone the dozens of OAuth integrations that have already been granted persistent access to core enterprise apps — and even auditing OAuth in Google Workspace and Microsoft 365, where the controls are relatively mature, leaves the broader SaaS estate unaddressed, where admin tooling is inconsistent and visibility is limited.",{"data":2553,"content":2554,"nodeType":860},{},[2555,2559,2567],{"data":2556,"marks":2557,"value":2558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The tooling gap compounds the policy gap. ",{"data":2560,"content":2562,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/7-things-omdias-latest-report-tells-us-about-the-secure-enterprise-browser-market/",[2563],{"data":2564,"marks":2565,"value":2566,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Omdia found",{"data":2568,"marks":2569,"value":2570,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that 58% of organizations rely on secure web gateways to secure GenAI usage — but an SWG can tell you that a user visited ChatGPT, not whether they pasted your source code into the prompt. That link between knowing where data went and knowing what the user actually did is the fundamental visibility gap that makes GenAI policies unenforceable without browser-layer tooling.",{"data":2572,"content":2573,"nodeType":1312},{},[2574],{"data":2575,"marks":2576,"value":2578,"nodeType":864},{},[2577],{"type":899},"Advice for security teams",{"data":2580,"content":2581,"nodeType":860},{},[2582],{"data":2583,"marks":2584,"value":2585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The principles behind managing shadow AI are the same ones that have governed shadow SaaS and software supply chain management for years: default-deny where feasible, comprehensive inventory where it isn't, and continuous monitoring for changes that signal increased risk. But it's vital that teams act fast to stop the snowball.",{"data":2587,"content":2588,"nodeType":860},{},[2589],{"data":2590,"marks":2591,"value":2593,"nodeType":864},{},[2592],{"type":899},"That starts with visibility into which AI tools employees are actually using and which accounts they're using to access them — without that baseline, every other control is built on assumptions.",{"data":2595,"content":2596,"nodeType":860},{},[2597,2602,2606,2613],{"data":2598,"marks":2599,"value":2601,"nodeType":864},{},[2600],{"type":899},"Extensions",{"data":2603,"marks":2604,"value":2605,"nodeType":864},{},[]," need the same ",{"data":2607,"content":2608,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[2609],{"data":2610,"marks":2611,"value":2612,"nodeType":864},{},[],"default-deny allowlisting approach",{"data":2614,"marks":2615,"value":2616,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that has been best practice for software management elsewhere: build a complete inventory, allowlist what's vetted, block everything else, and monitor the approved set for changes that precede weaponization.",{"data":2618,"content":2619,"nodeType":860},{},[2620,2625],{"data":2621,"marks":2622,"value":2624,"nodeType":864},{},[2623],{"type":899},"OAuth",{"data":2626,"marks":2627,"value":2628,"nodeType":864},{},[]," demands the most urgency, because each unmanaged integration is a persistent trust relationship that survives password resets and MFA changes — adopt default-deny for consent grants in your primary enterprise apps, routinely audit what's already connected, and critically extend that visibility beyond Google and Microsoft to the broader SaaS estate where the controls are weaker and the sprawl is harder to track.",{"data":2630,"content":2634,"nodeType":996},{"target":2631},{"sys":2632},{"id":2633,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3RFLFtJtDXvhTz1mVztfV9",[],{"data":2636,"content":2637,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2639,"content":2640,"nodeType":1009},{},[2641],{"data":2642,"marks":2643,"value":2645,"nodeType":864},{},[2644],{"type":899},"Browser visibility and control is key to de-risking AI adoption",{"data":2647,"content":2648,"nodeType":860},{},[2649],{"data":2650,"marks":2651,"value":2652,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI usage is fundamentally browser-based activity — every LLM interaction, every prompt containing sensitive data, every AI agent authorization, every OAuth consent grant happens inside a browser session — which makes the browser the natural control point for AI governance across the workforce. ",{"data":2654,"content":2655,"nodeType":860},{},[2656],{"data":2657,"marks":2658,"value":2659,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push tracks AI app usage and login security across the workforce, inventories and controls AI browser extensions, monitors and blocks OAuth consent flows across any app (not just the primary enterprise platforms), and gives security teams a single view of the full shadow AI picture across all four dimensions.",{"data":2661,"content":2662,"nodeType":860},{},[2663],{"data":2664,"marks":2665,"value":2666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow AI isn't a problem that will age well if ignored. Every week that passes without visibility adds more apps, more extensions, more integrations, and more potential breach paths into the environment — and as the Vercel breach demonstrated, it only takes one forgotten OAuth grant to turn an employee's idle curiosity into an organization-wide incident.",{"data":2668,"content":2669,"nodeType":860},{},[2670,2674,2682],{"data":2671,"marks":2672,"value":2673,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about how you can tackle ",{"data":2675,"content":2677,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2676},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/shadow-ai",[2678],{"data":2679,"marks":2680,"value":580,"nodeType":864},{},[2681],{"type":1455},{"data":2683,"marks":2684,"value":2685,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with Push. ",{"data":2687,"content":2688,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2690,"content":2691,"nodeType":860},{},[2692],{"data":2693,"marks":2694,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2696,"content":2697,"nodeType":860},{},[2698],{"data":2699,"marks":2700,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2702,"content":2703,"nodeType":860},{},[2704,2708,2716],{"data":2705,"marks":2706,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Book a ",{"data":2709,"content":2710,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[2711],{"data":2712,"marks":2713,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[2714],{"type":1455},"live demo",{"data":2717,"marks":2718,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to learn more.","Shadow AI: what Push data reveals about the scale of the problem","Push telemetry shows the average organization has 16 AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions, and 17 AI OAuth integrations in use. Here's what it means for security.","2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z","what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai",{"items":2725},[2726,2730],{"sys":2727,"name":2729},{"id":2728},"1gZi8NrRy2v9OqPV7C4dwD","Risk management",{"sys":2731,"name":297},{"id":2732},"3pjES4THCIfSAwhGdNwBcy",{"items":2734},[2735],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":2739},"Dan Green","Dan","Threat Research",{"url":2740},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7jik1VhFgA3kgzXBXTm2Vw/fcd8c171da644903d0827eafcfbcaad0/Dan_Headshot_2025.png",{"__typename":2059,"sys":2742,"content":2744,"title":3608,"synopsis":3609,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":3610,"slug":3611,"tagsCollection":3612,"authorsCollection":3618},{"id":2743},"6Xn377JQfbDz49Np74cbGl",{"json":2745},{"data":2746,"content":2747,"nodeType":856},{},[2748,2755,2786,2804,2809,2816,2832,2835,2843,2861,2925,2932,2938,2945,3028,3035,3042,3058,3061,3069,3076,3083,3091,3098,3110,3116,3123,3130,3137,3140,3148,3164,3180,3187,3194,3201,3222,3308,3315,3322,3325,3333,3349,3356,3363,3371,3374,3382,3400,3407,3414,3447,3454,3461,3464,3472,3479,3491,3497,3509,3521,3527,3539,3561,3568,3571,3579,3586,3592],{"data":2749,"content":2750,"nodeType":860},{},[2751],{"data":2752,"marks":2753,"value":2754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most security leaders I talk to know they have an AI problem. They've seen the board questions, read the reports, maybe even drafted a policy. But when they start measuring where they stand — not plans or roadmaps, but actual current state — the gap between awareness and operational capability comes into focus.",{"data":2756,"content":2757,"nodeType":860},{},[2758,2762,2770,2774,2782],{"data":2759,"marks":2760,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The ",{"data":2763,"content":2765,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2764},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review",[2766],{"data":2767,"marks":2768,"value":2769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2026 Verizon DBIR",{"data":2771,"marks":2772,"value":2773,"nodeType":864},{},[]," quantifies the scale: 45% of employees are now regular AI users on corporate devices (up from 15% the prior year), with 67% using personal accounts. ",{"data":2775,"content":2777,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2776},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai",[2778],{"data":2779,"marks":2780,"value":2781,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push data",{"data":2783,"marks":2784,"value":2785,"nodeType":864},{},[]," further shows that 38% of file uploads to AI tools come from those shadow accounts rather than approved organizational ones — and the DBIR shows what's going into them: of 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI applications, the most common data types were source code (28%), structured data (14%), and documents and PDFs (23% combined).",{"data":2787,"content":2788,"nodeType":860},{},[2789,2793,2800],{"data":2790,"marks":2791,"value":2792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The average organization now has ",{"data":2794,"content":2795,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2776},[2796],{"data":2797,"marks":2798,"value":2799,"nodeType":864},{},[],"16 unique AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions, and 17 AI OAuth integrations",{"data":2801,"marks":2802,"value":2803,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in active use, most unapproved. Shadow AI was the third most common non-malicious insider action in the DBIR, up 4x year over year.",{"data":2805,"content":2808,"nodeType":996},{"target":2806},{"sys":2807},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":2810,"content":2811,"nodeType":860},{},[2812],{"data":2813,"marks":2814,"value":2815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These statistics expose an attack surface and unmanaged risks at a high level. But the real problem is that most organizations can't produce a basic inventory of which AI tools are in use, let alone demonstrate controls around any of them. ",{"data":2817,"content":2818,"nodeType":860},{},[2819,2823,2828],{"data":2820,"marks":2821,"value":2822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That gap between awareness and capability is where most organizations are stuck. And understanding ",{"data":2824,"marks":2825,"value":2827,"nodeType":864},{},[2826],{"type":2246},"why",{"data":2829,"marks":2830,"value":2831,"nodeType":864},{},[]," they're stuck requires a framework for what progress actually looks like.",{"data":2833,"content":2834,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2836,"content":2837,"nodeType":1009},{},[2838],{"data":2839,"marks":2840,"value":2842,"nodeType":864},{},[2841],{"type":899},"A model for measuring what most organizations already feel",{"data":2844,"content":2845,"nodeType":860},{},[2846,2850,2857],{"data":2847,"marks":2848,"value":2849,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Chris Cochran's ",{"data":2851,"content":2853,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2852},"https://sansorg.egnyte.com/dl/XtgqfjkjBjp8",[2854],{"data":2855,"marks":2856,"value":1108,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2858,"marks":2859,"value":2860,"nodeType":864},{},[],", published earlier this year, provides a framework for addressing this gap. It defines five stages of AI security maturity across three pillars:",{"data":2862,"content":2863,"nodeType":941},{},[2864,2880,2896],{"data":2865,"content":2866,"nodeType":945},{},[2867],{"data":2868,"content":2869,"nodeType":860},{},[2870,2876],{"data":2871,"marks":2872,"value":2875,"nodeType":864},{},[2873,2874],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Protect AI:",{"data":2877,"marks":2878,"value":2879,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Defending against AI-enabled threats like adversarial attacks, prompt injection, compromised browser extensions, and AI agents operating with unchecked permissions.",{"data":2881,"content":2882,"nodeType":945},{},[2883],{"data":2884,"content":2885,"nodeType":860},{},[2886,2892],{"data":2887,"marks":2888,"value":2891,"nodeType":864},{},[2889,2890],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Utilize AI:",{"data":2893,"marks":2894,"value":2895,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Using AI to strengthen security operations by using AI-powered detection and triage, behavioral analytics, and automated response playbooks.",{"data":2897,"content":2898,"nodeType":945},{},[2899],{"data":2900,"content":2901,"nodeType":860},{},[2902,2908,2912,2921],{"data":2903,"marks":2904,"value":2907,"nodeType":864},{},[2905,2906],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Govern AI:",{"data":2909,"marks":2910,"value":2911,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Managing how the organization adopts and uses AI tools. Things like acceptable use policies, shadow AI discovery, data classification, access controls, and risk assessment. This is the pillar that gets the most attention in boardroom conversations today, driven in part by ",{"data":2913,"content":2915,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2914},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-visibility-and-control-can-achieve-ai-compliance",[2916],{"data":2917,"marks":2918,"value":2920,"nodeType":864},{},[2919],{"type":1455},"regulatory pressure",{"data":2922,"marks":2923,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],".",{"data":2926,"content":2927,"nodeType":860},{},[2928],{"data":2929,"marks":2930,"value":2931,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How an organization invests across these three pillars, and whether it invests across all of them, determines whether it advances toward maturity in this area or stalls out at the early steps.",{"data":2933,"content":2937,"nodeType":996},{"target":2934},{"sys":2935},{"id":2936,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1JV3KG97JQNFKwODnMCMq2",[],{"data":2939,"content":2940,"nodeType":860},{},[2941],{"data":2942,"marks":2943,"value":2944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SANS AI maturity model outlines 5 stages that organizations must progress through in order to reach an optimal security posture:",{"data":2946,"content":2947,"nodeType":941},{},[2948,2964,2980,2996,3012],{"data":2949,"content":2950,"nodeType":945},{},[2951],{"data":2952,"content":2953,"nodeType":860},{},[2954,2960],{"data":2955,"marks":2956,"value":2959,"nodeType":864},{},[2957,2958],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 1 (Unaware / Ad Hoc)",{"data":2961,"marks":2962,"value":2963,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is where employees are freely using AI tools with no oversight, no inventory exists, and leadership may not even know how much AI is in use. There's no policy to violate, so technically it's not even shadow AI yet; it's just unmanaged adoption.",{"data":2965,"content":2966,"nodeType":945},{},[2967],{"data":2968,"content":2969,"nodeType":860},{},[2970,2976],{"data":2971,"marks":2972,"value":2975,"nodeType":864},{},[2973,2974],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 2 (Reactive / Policy-Emerging)",{"data":2977,"marks":2978,"value":2979,"nodeType":864},{},[]," means a policy exists, but it's course-grained: \"Don't use AI\" or \"use with caution.\" Known AI tools may be blocked at the network level. Security teams are learning about AI-specific threats but don't have dedicated expertise or tooling.",{"data":2981,"content":2982,"nodeType":945},{},[2983],{"data":2984,"content":2985,"nodeType":860},{},[2986,2992],{"data":2987,"marks":2988,"value":2991,"nodeType":864},{},[2989,2990],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 3 (Defined / Risk-Informed)",{"data":2993,"marks":2994,"value":2995,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is where things get intentional. AI usage is governed through enterprise tools rather than outright bans. AI systems are included in security assessments. The organization can demonstrate mature governance to regulators and partners. For many organizations, this is a strong and defensible operating position.",{"data":2997,"content":2998,"nodeType":945},{},[2999],{"data":3000,"content":3001,"nodeType":860},{},[3002,3008],{"data":3003,"marks":3004,"value":3007,"nodeType":864},{},[3005,3006],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 4 (Managed / Integrated)",{"data":3009,"marks":3010,"value":3011,"nodeType":864},{},[]," means AI is deeply embedded in security operations with measurable outcomes. AI systems are secured by design. Risk is quantified, not estimated. Decisions are data-driven. This is where organizations can handle AI-specific threats and operate at the tempo that AI-augmented adversaries demand.",{"data":3013,"content":3014,"nodeType":945},{},[3015],{"data":3016,"content":3017,"nodeType":860},{},[3018,3024],{"data":3019,"marks":3020,"value":3023,"nodeType":864},{},[3021,3022],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 5 (Optimizing / Adaptive)",{"data":3025,"marks":3026,"value":3027,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the frontier of AI-native security with self-improving defenses. Elements of this stage exist primarily in large technology companies, defense contractors, and AI-native firms. For most organizations, this is a multi-year journey.",{"data":3029,"content":3030,"nodeType":860},{},[3031],{"data":3032,"marks":3033,"value":3034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most of the security leaders I talk to land between Stage 1 and Stage 2. They have awareness, maybe a policy, but not the tooling or telemetry to demonstrate much beyond that. ",{"data":3036,"content":3037,"nodeType":860},{},[3038],{"data":3039,"marks":3040,"value":3041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The model is pragmatic about these challenges. It doesn't expect every organization to reach Stage 5, and it adjusts maturity targets by sector. ",{"data":3043,"content":3044,"nodeType":860},{},[3045,3049,3054],{"data":3046,"marks":3047,"value":3048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But it ",{"data":3050,"marks":3051,"value":3053,"nodeType":864},{},[3052],{"type":2246},"does",{"data":3055,"marks":3056,"value":3057,"nodeType":864},{},[]," require evidence of progress, not just intent. And for the majority sitting at Stage 2, the hard part is identifying the right steps to move from being merely reactive to a posture of operational readiness. That’s the chasm to cross.",{"data":3059,"content":3060,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3062,"content":3063,"nodeType":1009},{},[3064],{"data":3065,"marks":3066,"value":3068,"nodeType":864},{},[3067],{"type":899},"The chasm",{"data":3070,"content":3071,"nodeType":860},{},[3072],{"data":3073,"marks":3074,"value":3075,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For the organizations sitting at Stage 2, current state often looks like this: They've written an AI acceptable use policy, and maybe they've blocked known AI apps at the network level. They've trained employees on what's allowed and what isn't. ",{"data":3077,"content":3078,"nodeType":860},{},[3079],{"data":3080,"marks":3081,"value":3082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be sure, blocking is the fastest lever a security team can pull, and it represents visible progress to the business. The problem is that it rarely stays effective. ",{"data":3084,"content":3085,"nodeType":860},{},[3086],{"data":3087,"marks":3088,"value":3090,"nodeType":864},{},[3089],{"type":899},"SANS calls the pattern that traps most organizations at Stage 2 the \"Framework of No.\" ",{"data":3092,"content":3093,"nodeType":860},{},[3094],{"data":3095,"marks":3096,"value":3097,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\"A block-based AI policy may feel like risk management, but practitioner experience shows it typically drives AI usage underground rather than preventing it,” the report notes. “This is the pattern SANS has documented as the 'Framework of No,' and it is why the Stage 2 to Stage 3 transition is so critical.\"",{"data":3099,"content":3100,"nodeType":860},{},[3101,3106],{"data":3102,"marks":3103,"value":3105,"nodeType":864},{},[3104],{"type":2246},"This",{"data":3107,"marks":3108,"value":3109,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the chasm. On one side: awareness and policy. On the other: operational capability - the tooling, telemetry, and controls that let a security team see what's happening and respond to it. Most organizations are standing on the awareness side, looking across, not sure how to get over.",{"data":3111,"content":3115,"nodeType":996},{"target":3112},{"sys":3113},{"id":3114,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"187mKPZV8tVbsw17L2cWIU",[],{"data":3117,"content":3118,"nodeType":860},{},[3119],{"data":3120,"marks":3121,"value":3122,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The model is specific about what crossing requires. The steps from Stage 2 to Stage 3 include technical BYOAI discovery (not a survey, but automated discovery), AI-specific data classification, AI-aware controls, and a cross-functional governance body. Data classification is a critical prerequisite: \"You cannot write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives,\" the report emphasizes.",{"data":3124,"content":3125,"nodeType":860},{},[3126],{"data":3127,"marks":3128,"value":3129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are visibility and measurement problems before they're policy problems. You can't govern what you can't see. You can't classify risk you can't measure. And a blocklist that pushes usage underground doesn't give you either: it just makes the gap between your policy and your reality harder to detect.",{"data":3131,"content":3132,"nodeType":860},{},[3133],{"data":3134,"marks":3135,"value":3136,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Getting this visibility right is necessary for crossing the chasm. But it’s not the only step organizations must undertake if they want to address their AI risk.",{"data":3138,"content":3139,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3141,"content":3142,"nodeType":1009},{},[3143],{"data":3144,"marks":3145,"value":3147,"nodeType":864},{},[3146],{"type":899},"Governance is key, but don't forget about protection",{"data":3149,"content":3150,"nodeType":860},{},[3151,3155,3160],{"data":3152,"marks":3153,"value":3154,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most AI security conversations today - the vendor pitches, board decks, and compliance checklists - are about the ",{"data":3156,"marks":3157,"value":3159,"nodeType":864},{},[3158],{"type":899},"Govern",{"data":3161,"marks":3162,"value":3163,"nodeType":864},{},[]," pillar. Shadow AI discovery. Usage policies. Data classification. Controls around what employees paste into AI prompts or upload to AI tools. It's important work.",{"data":3165,"content":3166,"nodeType":860},{},[3167,3171,3176],{"data":3168,"marks":3169,"value":3170,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the SANS model gives roughly equal weight to a second pillar that gets almost no attention: ",{"data":3172,"marks":3173,"value":3175,"nodeType":864},{},[3174],{"type":899},"Protect",{"data":3177,"marks":3178,"value":3179,"nodeType":864},{},[]," - defending against AI-enabled attacks.",{"data":3181,"content":3182,"nodeType":860},{},[3183],{"data":3184,"marks":3185,"value":3186,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Protect pillar starts from a stark baseline. At Stage 1, most organizations have no visibility into which AI agents or browser extensions have access to their corporate environment, let alone a framework for understanding how those could be attacked. ",{"data":3188,"content":3189,"nodeType":860},{},[3190],{"data":3191,"marks":3192,"value":3193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By Stage 3, the model expects runtime validation of AI tools and plugins, detection capabilities mapped to AI-specific attack frameworks, and controls that cover the growing surface area of agentic AI. ",{"data":3195,"content":3196,"nodeType":860},{},[3197],{"data":3198,"marks":3199,"value":3200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By Stage 4, organizations need real-time monitoring of AI agent behavior and defenses against attacks that exploit trust relationships between AI systems — capabilities most security teams haven't started scoping, much less building or procuring.",{"data":3202,"content":3203,"nodeType":860},{},[3204,3208,3218],{"data":3205,"marks":3206,"value":3207,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are detection and response capabilities, not governance exercises — and the attacks they address are already well underway. ",{"data":3209,"content":3211,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help/",[3212],{"data":3213,"marks":3214,"value":3217,"nodeType":864},{},[3215,3216],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"One in three phishing payloads",{"data":3219,"marks":3220,"value":3221,"nodeType":864},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive outside of email, through channels where most security controls don't exist. Evidence of the growth of browser-based attack methods enabled by AI tooling abounds:",{"data":3223,"content":3224,"nodeType":941},{},[3225,3247,3269],{"data":3226,"content":3227,"nodeType":945},{},[3228],{"data":3229,"content":3230,"nodeType":860},{},[3231,3235,3243],{"data":3232,"marks":3233,"value":3234,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CrowdStrike's 2026 Global Threat Report documented a ",{"data":3236,"content":3238,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report",[3239],{"data":3240,"marks":3241,"value":3242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"563% increase in ClickFix lures",{"data":3244,"marks":3245,"value":3246,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — fake CAPTCHA pages that trick users into executing malicious commands on their own machines.",{"data":3248,"content":3249,"nodeType":945},{},[3250],{"data":3251,"content":3252,"nodeType":860},{},[3253,3257,3265],{"data":3254,"marks":3255,"value":3256,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push has tracked a ",{"data":3258,"content":3260,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/device-code-phishing/",[3261],{"data":3262,"marks":3263,"value":3264,"nodeType":864},{},[],"37x increase in device code phishing",{"data":3266,"marks":3267,"value":3268,"nodeType":864},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with 18+ distinct kits now offering the technique.",{"data":3270,"content":3271,"nodeType":945},{},[3272],{"data":3273,"content":3274,"nodeType":860},{},[3275,3278,3287,3291,3296,3300,3305],{"data":3276,"marks":3277,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3279,"content":3281,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3280},"https://www.anthropic.com/news/AI-enabled-cyber-threats-mitre-attack",[3282],{"data":3283,"marks":3284,"value":3286,"nodeType":864},{},[3285],{"type":1455},"Anthropic",{"data":3288,"marks":3289,"value":3290,"nodeType":864},{},[]," identified ",{"data":3292,"marks":3293,"value":3295,"nodeType":864},{},[3294],{"type":899},"793 threat actors using AI",{"data":3297,"marks":3298,"value":3299,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for malicious cybersecurity purposes between March 2025 and February 2026, with the 2026 Verizon DBIR finding that ",{"data":3301,"marks":3302,"value":3304,"nodeType":864},{},[3303],{"type":899},"44% of AI-assisted initial access was phishing-related",{"data":3306,"marks":3307,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3309,"content":3310,"nodeType":860},{},[3311],{"data":3312,"marks":3313,"value":3314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are already vibecoding phishing kits, rotating infrastructure daily, and exploiting identity flows that traditional endpoint and network tools can't see.",{"data":3316,"content":3317,"nodeType":860},{},[3318],{"data":3319,"marks":3320,"value":3321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SANS model makes the speed argument a central focus at Stage 4: Detection built for human-pace adversaries is increasingly insufficient when threats operate at machine speed. For organizations investing exclusively in AI governance, AI-enabled threats represent an entire category of risk that is not being addressed.",{"data":3323,"content":3324,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3326,"content":3327,"nodeType":1312},{},[3328],{"data":3329,"marks":3330,"value":3332,"nodeType":864},{},[3331],{"type":899},"Why governance alone can't close the gap",{"data":3334,"content":3335,"nodeType":860},{},[3336,3340,3345],{"data":3337,"marks":3338,"value":3339,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An organization can have an AI policy, shadow AI discovery, data classification, and usage controls, and ",{"data":3341,"marks":3342,"value":3344,"nodeType":864},{},[3343],{"type":2246},"still",{"data":3346,"marks":3347,"value":3348,"nodeType":864},{},[]," be exposed. When an employee hits a device code phishing page or a ClickFix lure, the governance program documented the risk perfectly. It just couldn't stop the attack. The policy existed but the detection (and ideally, mitigation) didn't.",{"data":3350,"content":3351,"nodeType":860},{},[3352],{"data":3353,"marks":3354,"value":3355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reverse is equally true, and it's why the SANS model treats the pillars as interdependent rather than sequential. Detection capabilities that fire into a void with no policy to act on findings, no classification to assess exposure, and no governance body to shape proactive policy just create alerts, not security. ",{"data":3357,"content":3358,"nodeType":860},{},[3359],{"data":3360,"marks":3361,"value":3362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yet most organizations are only investing heavily in one side of the solution, which is almost always Govern. The maturity model is explicit about the risks of this approach: Governance with no attack detection leaves a critical gap. ",{"data":3364,"content":3365,"nodeType":860},{},[3366],{"data":3367,"marks":3368,"value":3370,"nodeType":864},{},[3369],{"type":899},"Closing the gap requires a control point where both problems are visible and addressable.",{"data":3372,"content":3373,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3375,"content":3376,"nodeType":1009},{},[3377],{"data":3378,"marks":3379,"value":3381,"nodeType":864},{},[3380],{"type":899},"Crossing the chasm requires addressing both pillars at once",{"data":3383,"content":3384,"nodeType":860},{},[3385,3389,3396],{"data":3386,"marks":3387,"value":3388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The bottleneck for most security programs ",{"data":3390,"content":3391,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},[3392],{"data":3393,"marks":3394,"value":3395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"isn't frameworks or strategy — it's data quality",{"data":3397,"marks":3398,"value":3399,"nodeType":864},{},[],". For teams taking on the dual problems of shadow AI and AI-enabled attacks, browser telemetry is the foundation to any meaningful solution. That’s because both problems converge in the same place.",{"data":3401,"content":3402,"nodeType":860},{},[3403],{"data":3404,"marks":3405,"value":3406,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI-enabled phishing attacks, credential theft, malicious browser extensions, and OAuth exploitation happen in the browser. So do shadow AI adoption, sensitive data pasted into AI prompts, file uploads to unapproved tools, and unauthorized integrations. The browser is where external attacks and internal misuse are both visible and stoppable.",{"data":3408,"content":3409,"nodeType":860},{},[3410],{"data":3411,"marks":3412,"value":3413,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For the security team trying to advance past the Framework of No, browser telemetry replaces the blunt instrument of network-level blocking with actual visibility:",{"data":3415,"content":3416,"nodeType":941},{},[3417,3427,3437],{"data":3418,"content":3419,"nodeType":945},{},[3420],{"data":3421,"content":3422,"nodeType":860},{},[3423],{"data":3424,"marks":3425,"value":3426,"nodeType":864},{},[],"which AI apps are in use (including personal account usage)",{"data":3428,"content":3429,"nodeType":945},{},[3430],{"data":3431,"content":3432,"nodeType":860},{},[3433],{"data":3434,"marks":3435,"value":3436,"nodeType":864},{},[],"what data is moving into them (file uploads, clipboard activity)",{"data":3438,"content":3439,"nodeType":945},{},[3440],{"data":3441,"content":3442,"nodeType":860},{},[3443],{"data":3444,"marks":3445,"value":3446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"graduated controls - per-app, per-user group, per-content pattern - that can monitor, warn, or block based on context rather than allow/deny",{"data":3448,"content":3449,"nodeType":860},{},[3450],{"data":3451,"marks":3452,"value":3453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same browser-layer instrumentation can also provide real-time detection of credential phishing, ClickFix, adversary-in-the-middle attacks, and device code phishing. And it can detect and disable malicious browser extensions based on confirmed threat intelligence, monitor OAuth integrations, and generate the identity attack surface data (login behaviors, MFA gaps, SSO coverage) that the Protect pillar requires at Stage 3 maturity and beyond.",{"data":3455,"content":3456,"nodeType":860},{},[3457],{"data":3458,"marks":3459,"value":3460,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We built Push around this insight: that the browser is where both problems converge, and a single deployment can advance AI security maturity in both areas simultaneously. The SANS model makes the same argument.",{"data":3462,"content":3463,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3465,"content":3466,"nodeType":1009},{},[3467],{"data":3468,"marks":3469,"value":3471,"nodeType":864},{},[3470],{"type":899},"Where to start: 5 steps to maturity with Push",{"data":3473,"content":3474,"nodeType":860},{},[3475],{"data":3476,"marks":3477,"value":3478,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The chasm closes when organizations make meaningful strides forward in both AI governance and proactive defense against AI-enabled attacks. Here's the starting plan that I'd recommend, and Push can provide the tooling to automate these steps:",{"data":3480,"content":3481,"nodeType":860},{},[3482,3487],{"data":3483,"marks":3484,"value":3486,"nodeType":864},{},[3485],{"type":899},"1. Build an AI inventory automatically.",{"data":3488,"marks":3489,"value":3490,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Every stage transition in the SANS model starts with knowing what's in your environment. A manual survey won't cut it; employees won't self-report the tools they're not sure they're allowed to use, and may overlook apps where AI is a feature but not the core function (AI-enabled apps). Instead, organizations should deploy automated discovery for AI apps, browser extensions, and OAuth integrations across the workforce - including the ones using personal accounts. Until this inventory exists, every policy decision is based on incomplete information.",{"data":3492,"content":3496,"nodeType":996},{"target":3493},{"sys":3494},{"id":3495,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2t3u0NydllImv6NzvAY058",[],{"data":3498,"content":3499,"nodeType":860},{},[3500,3505],{"data":3501,"marks":3502,"value":3504,"nodeType":864},{},[3503],{"type":899},"2. Classify what you find.",{"data":3506,"marks":3507,"value":3508,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Not all AI usage carries the same risk. A developer pasting code into ChatGPT and a salesperson using an AI notetaker are different problems. Once you can see the tools, categorize them by data sensitivity, authorization status, and access scope. The SANS model calls out data classification as a critical prerequisite; you can't write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives.",{"data":3510,"content":3511,"nodeType":860},{},[3512,3517],{"data":3513,"marks":3514,"value":3516,"nodeType":864},{},[3515],{"type":899},"3. Turn on browser-layer detection.",{"data":3518,"marks":3519,"value":3520,"nodeType":864},{},[]," This is the step most organizations skip, and it's why addressing only the Protect pillar will keep you at Stage 1. AI-enabled phishing, ClickFix attacks, device code phishing, malicious extension updates, and OAuth exploitation all execute in the browser. Without detection in that layer, there's no visibility into the fastest-growing attack category, and no path to advancing beyond basic AI usage awareness.",{"data":3522,"content":3526,"nodeType":996},{"target":3523},{"sys":3524},{"id":3525,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1fzuGjA6VSbVl1p7vM1mt7",[],{"data":3528,"content":3529,"nodeType":860},{},[3530,3535],{"data":3531,"marks":3532,"value":3534,"nodeType":864},{},[3533],{"type":899},"4. Move from blocking to graduated controls.",{"data":3536,"marks":3537,"value":3538,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The Framework of No fails because it's binary: allow or deny, with nothing in between. Organizations that cross the chasm adopt monitor, warn, and block modes — per app, per user group, per content pattern. Monitor first to see what's happening, warn to change behavior without disrupting workflows, and block only where the risk justifies it. This is the operational difference between Stage 2 and Stage 3.",{"data":3540,"content":3541,"nodeType":860},{},[3542,3547,3551,3557],{"data":3543,"marks":3544,"value":3546,"nodeType":864},{},[3545],{"type":899},"5. Assess yourself honestly against evidence, not aspiration.",{"data":3548,"marks":3549,"value":3550,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The ",{"data":3552,"content":3553,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2852},[3554],{"data":3555,"marks":3556,"value":1108,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3558,"marks":3559,"value":3560,"nodeType":864},{},[]," includes a self-assessment and industry-specific weighting profiles. The value isn't in the score, but in identifying which pillar is keeping you from advancing.",{"data":3562,"content":3563,"nodeType":860},{},[3564],{"data":3565,"marks":3566,"value":3567,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The organizations that cross the AI security chasm will be the ones that recognize early that AI security isn't one problem with one solution. It's two problems that happen to share a control point. The most efficient path forward is a platform that addresses both.",{"data":3569,"content":3570,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3572,"content":3573,"nodeType":1009},{},[3574],{"data":3575,"marks":3576,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[3577],{"type":899},"Learn more about Push",{"data":3580,"content":3581,"nodeType":860},{},[3582],{"data":3583,"marks":3584,"value":3585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser - high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.",{"data":3587,"content":3588,"nodeType":860},{},[3589],{"data":3590,"marks":3591,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3593,"content":3594,"nodeType":860},{},[3595,3598,3605],{"data":3596,"marks":3597,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3599,"content":3600,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[3601],{"data":3602,"marks":3603,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[3604],{"type":1455},{"data":3606,"marks":3607,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Crossing the AI security chasm with the SANS AI security maturity model","Most organizations know they have an AI security problem. A new SANS framework shows why so few are making progress - and what it actually takes to get unstuck.","2026-06-24T00:00:00.000Z","crossing-the-ai-security-chasm-sans-security-maturity-model",{"items":3613},[3614,3616],{"sys":3615,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":3617,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"items":3619},[3620],{"fullName":3621,"firstName":3622,"jobTitle":3623,"profilePicture":3624},"Mark Orlando","Mark","Field CTO",{"url":3625},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/592PMwIQQFaa24k5SKBEKF/a33090d0ad95d1e3081f5d16a46ba826/image__68_.png",{"__typename":2059,"sys":3627,"content":3629,"title":4865,"synopsis":4866,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":4867,"slug":4868,"tagsCollection":4869,"authorsCollection":4875},{"id":3628},"6MoHWfQlVildcFYKSbfMcE",{"json":3630},{"data":3631,"content":3632,"nodeType":856},{},[3633,3649,3655,3662,3669,3675,3678,3686,3694,3713,3761,3767,3782,3785,3793,3800,3828,3869,3876,3879,3887,3895,3902,3908,3915,3918,3926,3933,3975,4011,4018,4021,4029,4036,4061,4068,4113,4120,4123,4131,4139,4184,4191,4197,4200,4208,4216,4248,4255,4261,4268,4271,4279,4287,4316,4323,4330,4337,4340,4348,4356,4363,4369,4376,4399,4428,4431,4439,4447,4454,4461,4464,4472,4534,4537,4545,4552,4846,4849],{"data":3634,"content":3635,"nodeType":860},{},[3636,3640,3645],{"data":3637,"marks":3638,"value":3639,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser security solutions are one of the most significant additions to the enterprise security stack in recent years — and the data shows it. The browser is where ",{"data":3641,"marks":3642,"value":3644,"nodeType":864},{},[3643],{"type":899},"85% of work now happens",{"data":3646,"marks":3647,"value":3648,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where AI tools are accessed, and where attackers increasingly choose to strike.",{"data":3650,"content":3654,"nodeType":996},{"target":3651},{"sys":3652},{"id":3653,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5P6PyFbn4EakRNlIWtNzyL",[],{"data":3656,"content":3657,"nodeType":860},{},[3658],{"data":3659,"marks":3660,"value":3661,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But browser security is a nascent category. Getting a clear picture of which solution is right for your team, and how to get the most out of it, isn't straightforward. Current solutions on the market serve a wide range of IT and security use cases, with varying degrees of depth and differentiation across them. Not all use cases are equal in terms of their security value, and not all of them are best addressed in the browser.",{"data":3663,"content":3664,"nodeType":860},{},[3665],{"data":3666,"marks":3667,"value":3668,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This article ranks the security problems that browser security solutions can address by the value they deliver: a combination of the risk reduction on offer, and the degree to which the browser is genuinely the best (or only) layer to solve the problem. ",{"data":3670,"content":3674,"nodeType":996},{"target":3671},{"sys":3672},{"id":3673,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6SJPvEHizSYk29lEvVVNj",[],{"data":3676,"content":3677,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3679,"content":3680,"nodeType":1009},{},[3681],{"data":3682,"marks":3683,"value":3685,"nodeType":864},{},[3684],{"type":899},"#1 — Account takeover prevention: detecting credential attacks across all vectors",{"data":3687,"content":3688,"nodeType":860},{},[3689],{"data":3690,"marks":3691,"value":3693,"nodeType":864},{},[3692],{"type":899},"Security value: Very high | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":3695,"content":3696,"nodeType":860},{},[3697,3701,3709],{"data":3698,"marks":3699,"value":3700,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Account takeover (ATO) is the dominant entry point for enterprise breaches: ",{"data":3702,"content":3704,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3703},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/resources/infographics/identity-security-risk-review/",[3705],{"data":3706,"marks":3707,"value":3708,"nodeType":864},{},[],"80% of all modern breaches involve compromised or stolen identities",{"data":3710,"marks":3711,"value":3712,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The attack surface is far wider than most identity tooling can see: credential stuffing, password spraying, ghost logins (password-based fallback authentication that persists after SSO is configured), weak or reused credentials on shadow SaaS apps, and accounts where MFA was never enforced.",{"data":3714,"content":3715,"nodeType":860},{},[3716,3720,3728,3732,3737,3740,3745,3749,3757],{"data":3717,"marks":3718,"value":3719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"According to ",{"data":3721,"content":3723,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3722},"https://cf-assets.www.cloudflare.com/slt3lc6tev37/sWDBUMNVtEJB9ZFLt1dUU/8d69e92de2edfb3bf59e7d21d57e7e1a/Cloudflare-2026-threat-report.pdf",[3724],{"data":3725,"marks":3726,"value":3727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloudflare's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3729,"marks":3730,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],", ",{"data":3733,"marks":3734,"value":3736,"nodeType":864},{},[3735],{"type":899},"63% of all human logins involve credentials already compromised elsewhere",{"data":3738,"marks":3739,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3741,"marks":3742,"value":3744,"nodeType":864},{},[3743],{"type":899},"94% of all login attempts originate from bots",{"data":3746,"marks":3747,"value":3748,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The ",{"data":3750,"content":3752,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro/",[3753],{"data":3754,"marks":3755,"value":3756,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Snowflake breach",{"data":3758,"marks":3759,"value":3760,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — 165+ organizations compromised, 1 billion+ records stolen — was powered almost entirely by ghost logins: accounts missing MFA that were susceptible to credential stuffing. It's particularly telling that 80% of the accounts impacted had prior breach exposure.",{"data":3762,"content":3766,"nodeType":996},{"target":3763},{"sys":3764},{"id":3765,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"HbZ66kp5DiAZtwNGFJK7d",[],{"data":3768,"content":3769,"nodeType":860},{},[3770,3774,3779],{"data":3771,"marks":3772,"value":3773,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For organizations with contractors and BYOD users, the browser extension is also the only enterprise control deployable on devices that can't be MDM-enrolled — extending ATO detection to exactly the place where, per Verizon DBIR 2025, ",{"data":3775,"marks":3776,"value":3778,"nodeType":864},{},[3777],{"type":899},"46% of infostealer infections originate",{"data":3780,"marks":3781,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3783,"content":3784,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3786,"content":3787,"nodeType":1009},{},[3788],{"data":3789,"marks":3790,"value":3792,"nodeType":864},{},[3791],{"type":899},"#2 — Detecting and stopping advanced phishing: AiTM, multi-channel delivery, and zero-day lures",{"data":3794,"content":3795,"nodeType":860},{},[3796],{"data":3797,"marks":3798,"value":3693,"nodeType":864},{},[3799],{"type":899},{"data":3801,"content":3802,"nodeType":860},{},[3803,3807,3815,3819,3824],{"data":3804,"marks":3805,"value":3806,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing — where an attacker's reverse proxy intercepts credentials and session tokens in real time — has become the standard technique for bypassing MFA at scale. ",{"data":3808,"content":3810,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3809},"https://www.esentire.com/resources/library/2026-threat-report",[3811],{"data":3812,"marks":3813,"value":3814,"nodeType":864},{},[],"eSentire's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3816,"marks":3817,"value":3818,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attributes ",{"data":3820,"marks":3821,"value":3823,"nodeType":864},{},[3822],{"type":899},"63% of account compromise incidents to PhaaS kits",{"data":3825,"marks":3826,"value":3827,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with account compromise surging 389% year-over-year.",{"data":3829,"content":3830,"nodeType":860},{},[3831,3835,3843,3847,3852,3856,3865],{"data":3832,"marks":3833,"value":3834,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Traditional phishing controls are also no longer in the right place to intercept these attacks. The delivery channel has shifted decisively away from email: ",{"data":3836,"content":3838,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3837},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/m-trends-2026",[3839],{"data":3840,"marks":3841,"value":3842,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant M-Trends 2026",{"data":3844,"marks":3845,"value":3846,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found email phishing dropped from 14% to 6% as an infection vector, and Push data shows ",{"data":3848,"marks":3849,"value":3851,"nodeType":864},{},[3850],{"type":899},"roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads intercepted were delivered outside email entirely",{"data":3853,"marks":3854,"value":3855,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — via search engine malvertising, social platforms, and compromised websites. Meanwhile, ",{"data":3857,"content":3859,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3858},"https://www.spamhaus.com/resource-center/supporting-researchers-with-passive-dns/",[3860],{"data":3861,"marks":3862,"value":3864,"nodeType":864},{},[3863],{"type":899},"89% of phishing domains are active for less than two days",{"data":3866,"marks":3867,"value":3868,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making blocklist-based detection structurally too slow — attackers can spin up, tear down, and move on before blocklists can catch up.",{"data":3870,"content":3871,"nodeType":860},{},[3872],{"data":3873,"marks":3874,"value":3875,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern phishing plays out entirely inside the browser session. The only detection layer that can see the phishing page structure, the credential entry, and the anomalous token context is the browser itself. Browser-native detection analyses page behavior rather than matching known-bad domains, which means it fires on zero-day kits regardless of how recently the infrastructure was stood up. Controls like credential entry guardrails add an additional layer — blocking corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains independently of content and behavior-based detections.",{"data":3877,"content":3878,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3880,"content":3881,"nodeType":1009},{},[3882],{"data":3883,"marks":3884,"value":3886,"nodeType":864},{},[3885],{"type":899},"#3 — Identity posture hardening: enforcing security across the apps your IdP doesn't manage",{"data":3888,"content":3889,"nodeType":860},{},[3890],{"data":3891,"marks":3892,"value":3894,"nodeType":864},{},[3893],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":3896,"content":3897,"nodeType":860},{},[3898],{"data":3899,"marks":3900,"value":3901,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first challenge is knowing what you're protecting. Every identity an employee creates — every app they sign up to, every password they set, every login that bypasses SSO — is an authentication event that happens inside a browser session. The browser is the only layer that observes all of these events regardless of whether the app is sanctioned, managed, or even known to IT. Solutions that rely on API-level integrations with known apps, network traffic inspection, or email sign-up notifications can only ever build a partial picture, because they can only see apps they already know about. The browser sees the login itself, which means it discovers the identity at the moment it's created or used — authentication method, password strength, MFA status, and all.",{"data":3903,"content":3907,"nodeType":996},{"target":3904},{"sys":3905},{"id":3906,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"HETvBCPsKGkqLVtaasXH0",[],{"data":3909,"content":3910,"nodeType":860},{},[3911],{"data":3912,"marks":3913,"value":3914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But discovery without enforcement is just an inventory problem. Being in the browser means that you're in a great position to act on what it finds at the moment of authentication. Browser-native guardrails that prompt MFA enrollment, guide users toward stronger credentials, and redirect to SSO login paths close the gap at scale, on every app, including those the IdP has never seen. They also produce the continuous, auditable evidence of MFA coverage and credential hygiene across the full application estate that regulators, insurers, and auditors increasingly require — evidence that no IdP-centric tool can provide for apps outside its scope.",{"data":3916,"content":3917,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3919,"content":3920,"nodeType":1009},{},[3921],{"data":3922,"marks":3923,"value":3925,"nodeType":864},{},[3924],{"type":899},"#4 — Browser extension security",{"data":3927,"content":3928,"nodeType":860},{},[3929],{"data":3930,"marks":3931,"value":3894,"nodeType":864},{},[3932],{"type":899},{"data":3934,"content":3935,"nodeType":860},{},[3936,3940,3949,3952,3960,3963,3971],{"data":3937,"marks":3938,"value":3939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser extensions have become one of the most talked-about attack surfaces in security over the past 18 months, and understandably so — a string of high-profile supply chain compromises have collectively impacted tens of millions of users since late 2024 (",{"data":3941,"content":3943,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3942},"https://www.cyberhaven.com/blog/cyberhavens-chrome-extension-security-incident-and-what-were-doing-about-it",[3944],{"data":3945,"marks":3946,"value":3948,"nodeType":864},{},[3947],{"type":1455},"Cyberhaven",{"data":3950,"marks":3951,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3953,"content":3955,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3954},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/darkspectre-browser-extension-campaigns.html",[3956],{"data":3957,"marks":3958,"value":3959,"nodeType":864},{},[],"DarkSpectre",{"data":3961,"marks":3962,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3964,"content":3966,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3965},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/trust-wallet-chrome-extension-hack.html",[3967],{"data":3968,"marks":3969,"value":3970,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Trust Wallet",{"data":3972,"marks":3973,"value":3974,"nodeType":864},{},[],", among many others).",{"data":3976,"content":3977,"nodeType":860},{},[3978,3981,3989,3993,3998,4002,4007],{"data":3979,"marks":3980,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3982,"content":3983,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[3984],{"data":3985,"marks":3986,"value":3988,"nodeType":864},{},[3987],{"type":1455},"Analysis of 20,000+ extensions across Push customers",{"data":3990,"marks":3991,"value":3992,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found ",{"data":3994,"marks":3995,"value":3997,"nodeType":864},{},[3996],{"type":899},"46.76% have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":3999,"marks":4000,"value":4001,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making permissions-based risk scoring effectively useless as a triage tool. The real threat model is not malicious extensions at install time — it's legitimate extensions that ",{"data":4003,"marks":4004,"value":4006,"nodeType":864},{},[4005],{"type":2246},"become",{"data":4008,"marks":4009,"value":4010,"nodeType":864},{},[]," malicious after an ownership transfer, developer account compromise, or silent update push. Every major extension supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as low-risk immediately before compromise.",{"data":4012,"content":4013,"nodeType":860},{},[4014],{"data":4015,"marks":4016,"value":4017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SWGs and network tools are structurally blind to this attack surface: a malicious extension exfiltrating session tokens generates no anomalous network signal — its traffic is indistinguishable from normal browsing. Endpoint agents have no visibility into extension behavior at the session level. Extension inventory, supply chain change monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — and enforcement all require browser-layer access by definition.",{"data":4019,"content":4020,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4022,"content":4023,"nodeType":1009},{},[4024],{"data":4025,"marks":4026,"value":4028,"nodeType":864},{},[4027],{"type":899},"#5 — Shadow SaaS discovery and OAuth integration governance",{"data":4030,"content":4031,"nodeType":860},{},[4032],{"data":4033,"marks":4034,"value":3894,"nodeType":864},{},[4035],{"type":899},{"data":4037,"content":4038,"nodeType":860},{},[4039,4043,4048,4052,4057],{"data":4040,"marks":4041,"value":4042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow SaaS discovery shares DNA with identity posture hardening (#3) — both start with the same browser-native visibility into login events that no other layer can replicate. Where identity posture focuses on hardening ",{"data":4044,"marks":4045,"value":4047,"nodeType":864},{},[4046],{"type":2246},"how",{"data":4049,"marks":4050,"value":4051,"nodeType":864},{},[]," employees authenticate, shadow SaaS discovery focuses on ",{"data":4053,"marks":4054,"value":4056,"nodeType":864},{},[4055],{"type":2246},"what",{"data":4058,"marks":4059,"value":4060,"nodeType":864},{},[]," they authenticate to: surfacing the full estate of applications in use across the organization, including those that IT has never sanctioned or even heard of.",{"data":4062,"content":4063,"nodeType":860},{},[4064],{"data":4065,"marks":4066,"value":4067,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OAuth integration governance is the component of shadow SaaS that is both the most potentially damaging and the hardest to surface through other means. The SaaS-to-SaaS OAuth pivot is now an industrialized attack pattern.",{"data":4069,"content":4070,"nodeType":941},{},[4071,4092],{"data":4072,"content":4073,"nodeType":945},{},[4074],{"data":4075,"content":4076,"nodeType":860},{},[4077,4080,4088],{"data":4078,"marks":4079,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":4081,"content":4083,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4082},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach/",[4084],{"data":4085,"marks":4086,"value":4087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters",{"data":4089,"marks":4090,"value":4091,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Salesforce campaign — which compromised 1,000+ organizations and 1.5 billion records — demonstrated the full chain: the attacker didn't stop at stealing customer data but harvested OAuth tokens, AWS access keys, and Snowflake tokens from breached tenants and pivoted through connected services like Salesloft, Drift, and Gainsight to reach hundreds more organizations.",{"data":4093,"content":4094,"nodeType":945},{},[4095],{"data":4096,"content":4097,"nodeType":860},{},[4098,4101,4109],{"data":4099,"marks":4100,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":4102,"content":4104,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-vercel-breach/",[4105],{"data":4106,"marks":4107,"value":4108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Context.ai → Vercel",{"data":4110,"marks":4111,"value":4112,"nodeType":864},{},[]," chain followed the same logic — stored OAuth tokens from a forgotten AI app trial provided the bridge into Google Workspace, internal dashboards, and API keys. These are not isolated incidents; they are the repeatable playbook for extracting maximum value from a single compromise through the trust relationships that OAuth connections encode.",{"data":4114,"content":4115,"nodeType":860},{},[4116],{"data":4117,"marks":4118,"value":4119,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every OAuth consent grant transits the browser — the authorization prompt, the scope disclosure, the user's approval click, and the redirect that completes the grant all happen inside a browser session — which makes the browser the only layer where an unwanted grant can be intercepted before the token is issued and the persistent access path is created. Once a token exists, the damage is done: it survives password resets, MFA changes, and session revocations, and revoking it after the fact requires first knowing it was granted, which most organizations do not.",{"data":4121,"content":4122,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4124,"content":4125,"nodeType":1009},{},[4126],{"data":4127,"marks":4128,"value":4130,"nodeType":864},{},[4129],{"type":899},"#6 — Blocking ClickFix and social engineering-based malware delivery",{"data":4132,"content":4133,"nodeType":860},{},[4134],{"data":4135,"marks":4136,"value":4138,"nodeType":864},{},[4137],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for interception — shared with endpoint security for execution. ConsentFix is a browser-native exception that is T1-aligned.",{"data":4140,"content":4141,"nodeType":860},{},[4142,4146,4151,4155,4162,4166,4171,4175,4180],{"data":4143,"marks":4144,"value":4145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix was the most common initial access vector reported by Microsoft in 2025, accounting for ",{"data":4147,"marks":4148,"value":4150,"nodeType":864},{},[4149],{"type":899},"47% of observed attacks",{"data":4152,"marks":4153,"value":4154,"nodeType":864},{},[],". CrowdStrike's ",{"data":4156,"content":4157,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},[4158],{"data":4159,"marks":4160,"value":4161,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2026 Global Threat Report",{"data":4163,"marks":4164,"value":4165,"nodeType":864},{},[]," identified fake CAPTCHA lures as the most common malware download type, increasing ",{"data":4167,"marks":4168,"value":4170,"nodeType":864},{},[4169],{"type":899},"563% year-over-year",{"data":4172,"marks":4173,"value":4174,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The technique writes a malicious command to the victim's clipboard and social-engineers them into executing it. It is fileless (bypassing download scanning), user-executed (bypassing endpoint behavioral detections), and ",{"data":4176,"marks":4177,"value":4179,"nodeType":864},{},[4178],{"type":899},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads intercepted by Push arrived via search engines",{"data":4181,"marks":4182,"value":4183,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — not email (bypassing email anti-phishing controls).",{"data":4185,"content":4186,"nodeType":860},{},[4187],{"data":4188,"marks":4189,"value":4190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is the earliest and most effective intervention point — detecting the clipboard injection and social engineering lure before anything reaches the endpoint in executable form. But the problem doesn't end at the browser boundary: once the command has been pasted and run, detection and remediation become endpoint problems, and a mature defense requires both layers. The broader *Fix family — FileFix, InstallFix, and similar derivatives — follows the same pattern, with the browser providing the critical early-warning layer within a defense that spans browser and endpoint.",{"data":4192,"content":4196,"nodeType":996},{"target":4193},{"sys":4194},{"id":4195,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"39alMHtw9FPHbQINqbAgBN",[],{"data":4198,"content":4199,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4201,"content":4202,"nodeType":1009},{},[4203],{"data":4204,"marks":4205,"value":4207,"nodeType":864},{},[4206],{"type":899},"#7 — AI visibility and control: enforcing which AI tools employees can use and how",{"data":4209,"content":4210,"nodeType":860},{},[4211],{"data":4212,"marks":4213,"value":4215,"nodeType":864},{},[4214],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for access enforcement — but AI governance is not a new security problem so much as a force multiplier on existing ones",{"data":4217,"content":4218,"nodeType":860},{},[4219,4223,4231,4235,4244],{"data":4220,"marks":4221,"value":4222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI adoption is outpacing security governance at nearly every organization, and ",{"data":4224,"content":4225,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[4226],{"data":4227,"marks":4228,"value":4230,"nodeType":864},{},[4229],{"type":899},"71% of organizations are concerned about data leakage via unsanctioned AI apps",{"data":4232,"marks":4233,"value":4234,"nodeType":864},{},[],". But the security problems that AI creates are not, for the most part, novel — they are existing Tier 1 problems amplified by a new category of tooling. Shadow AI apps are shadow SaaS (#5). AI OAuth integrations are OAuth governance (#5). AI browser extensions are extension security (#4). The risk of employees using personal AI accounts — ",{"data":4236,"content":4238,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4237},"https://keepaware.com/blog/46-of-sensitive-data-bypasses-your-dlp",[4239],{"data":4240,"marks":4241,"value":4243,"nodeType":864},{},[4242],{"type":899},"46% of sensitive inputs to AI tools are sent via personal accounts",{"data":4245,"marks":4246,"value":4247,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — is an identity posture problem (#3).",{"data":4249,"content":4250,"nodeType":860},{},[4251],{"data":4252,"marks":4253,"value":4254,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The component parts that allow you to govern AI are individually Tier 1 capabilities, and the browser is the best single layer for gaining visibility and control over AI usage — it sees the apps, the OAuth grants, the extensions, and the account context. But a complete end-to-end solution also requires a presence on the endpoint layer (for local AI tools, IDE-integrated agents, and API-level usage that never touches the browser), and prompt-level DLP on sanctioned tools is better handled by platform-native controls than by browser-layer observation.",{"data":4256,"content":4260,"nodeType":996},{"target":4257},{"sys":4258},{"id":4259,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Py3z9VgjhKrchmYvhmbsq",[],{"data":4262,"content":4263,"nodeType":860},{},[4264],{"data":4265,"marks":4266,"value":4267,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is what makes platform controls effective — if employees are using personal accounts, there are no enterprise audit logs to inspect. And for the growing category of AI agents, agentic browsers, and MCP-connected tools that operate through OAuth grants rather than direct user interaction, the browser is where the consent decisions that authorize those agents are made.",{"data":4269,"content":4270,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4272,"content":4273,"nodeType":1009},{},[4274],{"data":4275,"marks":4276,"value":4278,"nodeType":864},{},[4277],{"type":899},"#8 — Investigation acceleration and incident response: closing the missing middle",{"data":4280,"content":4281,"nodeType":860},{},[4282],{"data":4283,"marks":4284,"value":4286,"nodeType":864},{},[4285],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong — fills a structural gap complementary to endpoint, network, and identity telemetry",{"data":4288,"content":4289,"nodeType":860},{},[4290,4294,4299,4303,4312],{"data":4291,"marks":4292,"value":4293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Endpoint logs show what processes executed. Network logs show traffic destinations. IdP logs show authentication events. None of them show what happened ",{"data":4295,"marks":4296,"value":4298,"nodeType":864},{},[4297],{"type":2246},"inside the browser session",{"data":4300,"marks":4301,"value":4302,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — the phishing page the user saw, the credentials they entered, the malicious OAuth consent grant, the data uploaded or pasted to an unsanctioned service. This is the missing middle of modern incident investigations, and for the ",{"data":4304,"content":4306,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4305},"https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.uk/resources/research/unit-42-incident-response-report",[4307],{"data":4308,"marks":4309,"value":4311,"nodeType":864},{},[4310],{"type":899},"48% of intrusions involving browser-based activity",{"data":4313,"marks":4314,"value":4315,"nodeType":864},{},[],", the absence of browser telemetry is a significant investigative gap.",{"data":4317,"content":4318,"nodeType":860},{},[4319],{"data":4320,"marks":4321,"value":4322,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-layer telemetry fills that gap with a fundamentally different quality of signal: what users actually clicked, what pages loaded and how they behaved, what credentials were entered, what session activity followed — structured, high-fidelity data from inside the session where the attack played out. That's the difference between inferring what happened and seeing it directly, and it determines scope, drives containment decisions, and provides the direct evidential record that neither endpoint DLP nor network monitoring can supply for browser-native attacks.",{"data":4324,"content":4325,"nodeType":860},{},[4326],{"data":4327,"marks":4328,"value":4329,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser telemetry is a key addition to the investigative picture. Investigations are inherently multi-source — without browser data, reconstructing an incident from EDR, network, and IdP logs won't tell you the full picture (particularly when attacks are increasingly delivered outside of email, intercepting users as they browse the internet normally).",{"data":4331,"content":4332,"nodeType":860},{},[4333],{"data":4334,"marks":4335,"value":4336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser provides the causal link that other sources miss: the bridge between \"a user visited a URL\" and \"credentials were submitted to a phishing page that issued a session token now being replayed from an attacker-controlled browser.\" Integrated with SIEM and SOAR platforms, that signal enables automated response workflows to execute on high-confidence detections without waiting for manual triage.",{"data":4338,"content":4339,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4341,"content":4342,"nodeType":1009},{},[4343],{"data":4344,"marks":4345,"value":4347,"nodeType":864},{},[4346],{"type":899},"#9 — Infostealer defense: detecting exposure and blocking delivery",{"data":4349,"content":4350,"nodeType":860},{},[4351],{"data":4352,"marks":4353,"value":4355,"nodeType":864},{},[4354],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for delivery interception and stolen factor detection — complementary to endpoint security for execution",{"data":4357,"content":4358,"nodeType":860},{},[4359],{"data":4360,"marks":4361,"value":4362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Infostealers are the upstream supply chain for a disproportionate share of the most damaging enterprise attacks — harvesting credentials, session cookies, and browser profile data en masse from infected devices, then selling the outputs on infostealer markets for use in credential stuffing, ATO, and ransomware campaigns.",{"data":4364,"content":4368,"nodeType":996},{"target":4365},{"sys":4366},{"id":4367,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5NF1afwu3zFGThZTtStVQA",[],{"data":4370,"content":4371,"nodeType":860},{},[4372],{"data":4373,"marks":4374,"value":4375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is relevant at two points in the infostealer kill chain. First, delivery interception: ClickFix (covered in #6) is now the primary infostealer delivery mechanism, and the browser is the only layer that can intercept it before execution. Second, detecting stolen factors when attackers attempt to use them — and infostealers produce two categories of stolen factor that the browser can guard against.",{"data":4377,"content":4378,"nodeType":941},{},[4379,4389],{"data":4380,"content":4381,"nodeType":945},{},[4382],{"data":4383,"content":4384,"nodeType":860},{},[4385],{"data":4386,"marks":4387,"value":4388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen credentials can be identified at the point of login: browser-layer detection flags credentials that appear in known breach datasets, catching infostealer-harvested passwords being replayed in credential stuffing campaigns before the account is compromised.",{"data":4390,"content":4391,"nodeType":945},{},[4392],{"data":4393,"content":4394,"nodeType":860},{},[4395],{"data":4396,"marks":4397,"value":4398,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen session tokens are caught through a different mechanism: sessions originating in instrumented browsers carry a marker, and when a token subsequently appears in an un-instrumented browser it is a confirmed stolen session — catching infostealer-harvested cookies being replayed regardless of how or where the token was originally harvested.",{"data":4400,"content":4401,"nodeType":860},{},[4402,4406,4415,4419,4424],{"data":4403,"marks":4404,"value":4405,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is particularly critical for the ",{"data":4407,"content":4409,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4408},"https://www.verizon.com/business/en-gb/resources/reports/dbir/",[4410],{"data":4411,"marks":4412,"value":4414,"nodeType":864},{},[4413],{"type":899},"46% of infected devices that are unmanaged",{"data":4416,"marks":4417,"value":4418,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where EDR is absent and the stolen credentials and session tokens will never be detected at the endpoint. Infostealer ",{"data":4420,"marks":4421,"value":4423,"nodeType":864},{},[4422],{"type":2246},"execution",{"data":4425,"marks":4426,"value":4427,"nodeType":864},{},[]," remains an endpoint problem; the browser closes the delivery and replay gaps that endpoint tools miss.",{"data":4429,"content":4430,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4432,"content":4433,"nodeType":1009},{},[4434],{"data":4435,"marks":4436,"value":4438,"nodeType":864},{},[4437],{"type":899},"#10 — Data loss prevention: a key component of effective DLP, but not the full picture",{"data":4440,"content":4441,"nodeType":860},{},[4442],{"data":4443,"marks":4444,"value":4446,"nodeType":864},{},[4445],{"type":899},"Security value: Medium-high | Browser fit: Partial — complementary to dedicated DLP",{"data":4448,"content":4449,"nodeType":860},{},[4450],{"data":4451,"marks":4452,"value":4453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"File uploads to unsanctioned services, sensitive data pasted into AI tools, and exfiltration through personal accounts are genuine and growing risks that traditional email and endpoint-centric DLP tools were not designed to catch. Browser-layer controls provide real value here — particularly for BYOD users and contractors, where endpoint DLP agents cannot be deployed and the browser is the only available data loss visibility.",{"data":4455,"content":4456,"nodeType":860},{},[4457],{"data":4458,"marks":4459,"value":4460,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The honest scope: browser-layer DLP does not cover email-based loss, endpoint-to-endpoint transfers, or cloud API exfiltration. It closes specific and important gaps within a broader DLP strategy, not a replacement for one. A further distinction for organizations evaluating browser DLP for secure third-party access: full-stack enterprise browsers can enforce deeper output controls — watermarking, obfuscation, screenshot and print restrictions — at the OS rendering level that browser extensions cannot reliably replicate. Extension-based browser DLP is strongest for upload, input, and access control use cases rather than OS-level output restriction.",{"data":4462,"content":4463,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4465,"content":4466,"nodeType":1009},{},[4467],{"data":4468,"marks":4469,"value":4471,"nodeType":864},{},[4470],{"type":899},"Tier 3 — Lower Value: A problem best addressed outside of the browser",{"data":4473,"content":4474,"nodeType":941},{},[4475,4490,4505,4520],{"data":4476,"content":4477,"nodeType":945},{},[4478],{"data":4479,"content":4480,"nodeType":860},{},[4481,4486],{"data":4482,"marks":4483,"value":4485,"nodeType":864},{},[4484],{"type":899},"Browser exploit protection",{"data":4487,"marks":4488,"value":4489,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (narrow RCE/sandbox sense) ranks lower because browser zero-days represent just 9% of all zero-days reported to Google, and 82% of attack detections are now malware-free (CrowdStrike 2026). This is a problem for browser vendors to solve, and it's not a big enough problem to warrant enterprises investing in additional mitigating controls.",{"data":4491,"content":4492,"nodeType":945},{},[4493],{"data":4494,"content":4495,"nodeType":860},{},[4496,4501],{"data":4497,"marks":4498,"value":4500,"nodeType":864},{},[4499],{"type":899},"Domain and URL category controls",{"data":4502,"marks":4503,"value":4504,"nodeType":864},{},[]," offer genuine browser-layer value but are commoditized by SWG and DNS filtering tools most organizations already operate. This can be provided in the browser, sure (and it's something we do at Push) but offers limited security value in terms of making a difference against modern attacks that quickly rotate these kinds of indicators and are designed to blend in.",{"data":4506,"content":4507,"nodeType":945},{},[4508],{"data":4509,"content":4510,"nodeType":860},{},[4511,4516],{"data":4512,"marks":4513,"value":4515,"nodeType":864},{},[4514],{"type":899},"Access management",{"data":4517,"marks":4518,"value":4519,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — ZTNA, VPN replacement, PAM, BYOD access control — is an IT infrastructure and access architecture problem, not a security operations problem, and belongs to a different buyer with a different evaluation frame. There are numerous (typically full-stack) Enterprise Browser solutions on the market that address IT use cases like this well.",{"data":4521,"content":4522,"nodeType":945},{},[4523],{"data":4524,"content":4525,"nodeType":860},{},[4526,4530],{"data":4527,"marks":4528,"value":781,"nodeType":864},{},[4529],{"type":899},{"data":4531,"marks":4532,"value":4533,"nodeType":864},{},[]," addresses browser exploit risk rather than the identity-first attacks that represent the majority of current enterprise browser risk, and introduces UX friction that limits deployment at scale. When it triggers, it introduces latency but still fails to detect and stop browser-native attacks.",{"data":4535,"content":4536,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4538,"content":4539,"nodeType":1009},{},[4540],{"data":4541,"marks":4542,"value":4544,"nodeType":864},{},[4543],{"type":899},"How Push Security maps to the highest-value security use cases",{"data":4546,"content":4547,"nodeType":860},{},[4548],{"data":4549,"marks":4550,"value":4551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push is purpose-built to address all of these problems using a flexible browser extension — plug into any browser with no migration, no host agent deployment, and no IT overhead — that delivers telemetry and control from day one, and extends coverage to every enrolled browser regardless of device ownership.",{"data":4553,"content":4554,"nodeType":4845},{},[4555,4582,4606,4630,4654,4678,4702,4726,4750,4774,4798,4822],{"data":4556,"content":4557,"nodeType":4581},{},[4558,4570],{"data":4559,"content":4560,"nodeType":4569},{},[4561],{"data":4562,"content":4563,"nodeType":860},{},[4564],{"data":4565,"marks":4566,"value":4568,"nodeType":864},{},[4567],{"type":899},"Security use case","table-cell",{"data":4571,"content":4572,"nodeType":4569},{},[4573],{"data":4574,"content":4575,"nodeType":860},{},[4576],{"data":4577,"marks":4578,"value":4580,"nodeType":864},{},[4579],{"type":899},"How Push addresses it","table-row",{"data":4583,"content":4584,"nodeType":4581},{},[4585,4596],{"data":4586,"content":4587,"nodeType":4569},{},[4588],{"data":4589,"content":4590,"nodeType":860},{},[4591],{"data":4592,"marks":4593,"value":4595,"nodeType":864},{},[4594],{"type":899},"Account takeover prevention",{"data":4597,"content":4598,"nodeType":4569},{},[4599],{"data":4600,"content":4601,"nodeType":860},{},[4602],{"data":4603,"marks":4604,"value":4605,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Surfaces and fixes ghost logins, weak and breached credentials and missing MFA controls across every app and device — including shadow SaaS and unmanaged devices invisible to the IdP. Push also detects and stops the attack techniques that typically lead to ATO early in the kill chain and before an account can be compromised.",{"data":4607,"content":4608,"nodeType":4581},{},[4609,4620],{"data":4610,"content":4611,"nodeType":4569},{},[4612],{"data":4613,"content":4614,"nodeType":860},{},[4615],{"data":4616,"marks":4617,"value":4619,"nodeType":864},{},[4618],{"type":899},"Advanced phishing detection",{"data":4621,"content":4622,"nodeType":4569},{},[4623],{"data":4624,"content":4625,"nodeType":860},{},[4626],{"data":4627,"marks":4628,"value":4629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Behavioral page analysis detects phishing kits regardless of whether the domain is known-bad. Credential entry guardrails block corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains. TTP-based detection remains effective as attacker infrastructure rotates.",{"data":4631,"content":4632,"nodeType":4581},{},[4633,4644],{"data":4634,"content":4635,"nodeType":4569},{},[4636],{"data":4637,"content":4638,"nodeType":860},{},[4639],{"data":4640,"marks":4641,"value":4643,"nodeType":864},{},[4642],{"type":899},"Identity posture hardening",{"data":4645,"content":4646,"nodeType":4569},{},[4647],{"data":4648,"content":4649,"nodeType":860},{},[4650],{"data":4651,"marks":4652,"value":4653,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enforces MFA, strong credentials, and SSO adoption across every app the IdP doesn't manage. Produces continuous, auditable MFA coverage and credential hygiene evidence across the full application and device estate.",{"data":4655,"content":4656,"nodeType":4581},{},[4657,4668],{"data":4658,"content":4659,"nodeType":4569},{},[4660],{"data":4661,"content":4662,"nodeType":860},{},[4663],{"data":4664,"marks":4665,"value":4667,"nodeType":864},{},[4666],{"type":899},"Browser extension security",{"data":4669,"content":4670,"nodeType":4569},{},[4671],{"data":4672,"content":4673,"nodeType":860},{},[4674],{"data":4675,"marks":4676,"value":4677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Live extension inventory with supply chain change event monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — rather than static risk scoring. Supports default-deny allowlisting and remote extension removal. Blocks known-bad malicious extensions automatically.",{"data":4679,"content":4680,"nodeType":4581},{},[4681,4692],{"data":4682,"content":4683,"nodeType":4569},{},[4684],{"data":4685,"content":4686,"nodeType":860},{},[4687],{"data":4688,"marks":4689,"value":4691,"nodeType":864},{},[4690],{"type":899},"Shadow SaaS and OAuth governance",{"data":4693,"content":4694,"nodeType":4569},{},[4695],{"data":4696,"content":4697,"nodeType":860},{},[4698],{"data":4699,"marks":4700,"value":4701,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Discovers shadow SaaS from actual login events with full authentication context. Monitors and blocks OAuth consent flows — including AI and MCP integrations — in real time before persistent access paths are created.",{"data":4703,"content":4704,"nodeType":4581},{},[4705,4716],{"data":4706,"content":4707,"nodeType":4569},{},[4708],{"data":4709,"content":4710,"nodeType":860},{},[4711],{"data":4712,"marks":4713,"value":4715,"nodeType":864},{},[4714],{"type":899},"ClickFix and the *Fix family",{"data":4717,"content":4718,"nodeType":4569},{},[4719],{"data":4720,"content":4721,"nodeType":860},{},[4722],{"data":4723,"marks":4724,"value":4725,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detects and blocks ClickFix lures, clipboard injection, and browser-native variants like ConsentFix in real time — before the payload executes or OAuth key material is captured.",{"data":4727,"content":4728,"nodeType":4581},{},[4729,4740],{"data":4730,"content":4731,"nodeType":4569},{},[4732],{"data":4733,"content":4734,"nodeType":860},{},[4735],{"data":4736,"marks":4737,"value":4739,"nodeType":864},{},[4738],{"type":899},"AI visibility & control",{"data":4741,"content":4742,"nodeType":4569},{},[4743],{"data":4744,"content":4745,"nodeType":860},{},[4746],{"data":4747,"marks":4748,"value":4749,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enforces which AI tools employees can access and routes usage to corporate tenants. Governs AI browser extensions and blocks OAuth consent grants to unapproved AI applications — drawing on the same Tier 1 capabilities (OAuth governance, extension security, shadow SaaS discovery) that make this possible.",{"data":4751,"content":4752,"nodeType":4581},{},[4753,4764],{"data":4754,"content":4755,"nodeType":4569},{},[4756],{"data":4757,"content":4758,"nodeType":860},{},[4759],{"data":4760,"marks":4761,"value":4763,"nodeType":864},{},[4762],{"type":899},"Security investigations & incident response",{"data":4765,"content":4766,"nodeType":4569},{},[4767],{"data":4768,"content":4769,"nodeType":860},{},[4770],{"data":4771,"marks":4772,"value":4773,"nodeType":864},{},[],"High-fidelity session telemetry — page loads, credential entries, DOM changes, OAuth grants — fills the missing middle that endpoint, network, and IdP logs leave open. Feeds directly into SIEM and SOAR for automated response.",{"data":4775,"content":4776,"nodeType":4581},{},[4777,4788],{"data":4778,"content":4779,"nodeType":4569},{},[4780],{"data":4781,"content":4782,"nodeType":860},{},[4783],{"data":4784,"marks":4785,"value":4787,"nodeType":864},{},[4786],{"type":899},"Infostealer defense",{"data":4789,"content":4790,"nodeType":4569},{},[4791],{"data":4792,"content":4793,"nodeType":860},{},[4794],{"data":4795,"marks":4796,"value":4797,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Intercepts ClickFix-based infostealer delivery before execution. Detects token replay in unenrolled browser contexts — catching post-theft abuse from AiTM-sourced tokens and infostealer-harvested cookies, including from unmanaged devices.",{"data":4799,"content":4800,"nodeType":4581},{},[4801,4812],{"data":4802,"content":4803,"nodeType":4569},{},[4804],{"data":4805,"content":4806,"nodeType":860},{},[4807],{"data":4808,"marks":4809,"value":4811,"nodeType":864},{},[4810],{"type":899},"Data loss prevention",{"data":4813,"content":4814,"nodeType":4569},{},[4815],{"data":4816,"content":4817,"nodeType":860},{},[4818],{"data":4819,"marks":4820,"value":4821,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Observes file uploads, downloads, and sensitive data inputs across all applications. Extends data loss visibility to BYOD and contractor devices where endpoint DLP cannot reach.",{"data":4823,"content":4824,"nodeType":4581},{},[4825,4835],{"data":4826,"content":4827,"nodeType":4569},{},[4828],{"data":4829,"content":4830,"nodeType":860},{},[4831],{"data":4832,"marks":4833,"value":4500,"nodeType":864},{},[4834],{"type":899},{"data":4836,"content":4837,"nodeType":4569},{},[4838],{"data":4839,"content":4840,"nodeType":860},{},[4841],{"data":4842,"marks":4843,"value":4844,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Custom URL blocklists with wildcard support and REST API management for threat intelligence feed sync. Application category blocking restricts access to classes of apps (file-sharing, unsanctioned AI tools) configurable by user group. Domain categorization bringing SWG-style category blocking natively to the browser without a network proxy.","table",{"data":4847,"content":4848,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4850,"content":4851,"nodeType":860},{},[4852,4856,4862],{"data":4853,"marks":4854,"value":4855,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. ",{"data":4857,"content":4858,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[4859],{"data":4860,"marks":4861,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":4863,"marks":4864,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The top 10 security problems you can solve in the browser — ranked by value","Ranking the security problems you can solve in the browser by security value and browser fit.","2026-05-14T00:00:00.000Z","the-top-10-security-problems-you-can-solve-in-the-browser-ranked-by-value",{"items":4870},[4871,4873],{"sys":4872,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":4874,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"items":4876},[4877],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":4880},"Alex Henshall","Alex",{"url":4881},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2rz3Pre3b1MexPIQ4hzPUe/0ef8a092b7e7df00fbce3f7d1ccb96d1/Alex_Henshall.jpeg","shadow-ai-how-to-discover-govern-and-secure-ai-apps","blog/shadow-ai-how-to-discover-govern-and-secure-ai-apps","Why you need paved paths, not barricades, for secure AI adoption",{"json":4886},{"data":4887,"content":4888,"nodeType":856},{},[4889],{"data":4890,"content":4891,"nodeType":860},{},[4892],{"data":4893,"marks":4894,"value":4895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking AI tools doesn't stop employees from using AI — it stops you seeing how they use it. The solution: make the governed path easier than the workaround.",{"id":4897,"publishedAt":4898},"7MB9tEe6mrdNXbkYVhgyWn","2026-08-13T13:06:46.644Z",{"items":4900},[4901,4905],{"sys":4902,"name":4904},{"id":4903},"3SA5H01UkKauuiTdt0KC6q","Shadow IT",{"sys":4906,"name":545},{"id":4907},"7ohk9lIkxMvJMwnp2Lhuad",{"items":4909},[4910,4912,4914,4916,4918,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940],{"sys":4911,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},{"sys":4913,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":4915,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45},{"id":630},{"sys":4917,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},{"sys":4919,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":4921,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":4923,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":4925,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":4927,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45},{"id":365},{"sys":4929,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":4931,"name":306,"slug":307,"tier":45},{"id":303},{"sys":4933,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":4935,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":4937,"name":252,"slug":253,"tier":45},{"id":249},{"sys":4939,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":4941,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},"Zx6fn8UdirkncRHJf51fcJD_Tl5wsbmvST1BUx0fsQ8",{"id":4944,"title":4945,"authorsCollection":4946,"content":4952,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":6300,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":6302,"metaTitle":6303,"ogImage":59,"postType":6304,"publishedDate":6305,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":6306,"slug":8641,"stem":8642,"subtitle":59,"summary":8643,"synopsis":8654,"sys":8655,"tagsCollection":8658,"topicsCollection":8664,"__hash__":8698},"blog/blog/making-the-business-case-for-a-browser-security-solution.json","How to make the business case for a browser security solution",{"items":4947},[4948],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":4949,"profilePicture":4951},[4950],"https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexhenshall/",{"url":4881},{"json":4953,"links":6159},{"data":4954,"content":4955,"nodeType":856},{},[4956,4974,4981,4988,4995,5002,5008,5011,5019,5026,5033,5051,5070,5077,5084,5091,5134,5141,5210,5222,5225,5233,5240,5246,5253,5260,5279,5286,5315,5348,5355,5361,5368,5375,5382,5473,5480,5487,5493,5500,5507,5531,5550,5573,5592,5611,5618,5625,5631,5638,5645,5676,5695,5701,5708,5727,5734,5741,5786,5793,5796,5804,5811,5818,5837,5844,5886,5905,5908,5916,5923,6062,6070,6089,6096,6103,6106,6114,6121,6128,6131,6137,6143],{"data":4957,"content":4958,"nodeType":860},{},[4959,4962,4970],{"data":4960,"marks":4961,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":4963,"content":4964,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[4965],{"data":4966,"marks":4967,"value":4969,"nodeType":864},{},[4968],{"type":1455},"Omdia's 2026 research",{"data":4971,"marks":4972,"value":4973,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found that 86% of organizations have already increased browser security spending in response to emerging threats, and 85% expect to spend more over the next 12–24 months. ",{"data":4975,"content":4976,"nodeType":860},{},[4977],{"data":4978,"marks":4979,"value":4980,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But finding budget for browser security solutions can be harder than it is for other security tools. Both Gartner and Omdia independently confirm that browser security is predominantly additive; Gartner states explicitly that secure enterprise browsers augment rather than replace existing security controls, and Omdia found that 80% of organizations expect to deploy browser security alongside their current stack.",{"data":4982,"content":4983,"nodeType":860},{},[4984],{"data":4985,"marks":4986,"value":4987,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice, that means there's typically no legacy line item to redirect or renewal to swap out. Instead, security leaders are left needing to build a business case from scratch, creating more work on top of an already demanding role. Having a proven framework that other security leaders are already using successfully makes that process significantly faster.",{"data":4989,"content":4990,"nodeType":860},{},[4991],{"data":4992,"marks":4993,"value":4994,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push helps security leaders build these business cases every day and we've seen firsthand what works and where the budget comes from. ",{"data":4996,"content":4997,"nodeType":860},{},[4998],{"data":4999,"marks":5000,"value":5001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This article distills those patterns into a practical framework you can use to build your own investment case, as well as provides real-world examples of how Push's customers have found budget to make their own investments in browser security tooling:",{"data":5003,"content":5007,"nodeType":996},{"target":5004},{"sys":5005},{"id":5006,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3qR5t9Y5wgRfzGqcRNXfNa",[],{"data":5009,"content":5010,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":5012,"content":5013,"nodeType":1009},{},[5014],{"data":5015,"marks":5016,"value":5018,"nodeType":864},{},[5017],{"type":899},"The strategic imperatives that resonate with non-security executives",{"data":5020,"content":5021,"nodeType":860},{},[5022],{"data":5023,"marks":5024,"value":5025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Two distinct strategic initiatives consistently prove to be effective in unlocking browser security budget. They come from different directions; one is driven by the board down to security, the other is driven by security up to the board. But both lead to the same investment and can be used in conjunction with one another.",{"data":5027,"content":5028,"nodeType":1312},{},[5029],{"data":5030,"marks":5031,"value":5032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Option A | AI visibility and control: the mandate security teams are responding to",{"data":5034,"content":5035,"nodeType":860},{},[5036,5040,5047],{"data":5037,"marks":5038,"value":5039,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI adoption isn't a security initiative; it's a business strategy decision that executives and boards are driving. They know the organization needs to harness AI to remain competitive, and most have already committed to accelerating its use. But they also know that ",{"data":5041,"content":5042,"nodeType":883},{"uri":885},[5043],{"data":5044,"marks":5045,"value":5046,"nodeType":864},{},[],"adoption without visibility creates risks they can't quantify or manage",{"data":5048,"marks":5049,"value":5050,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and they expect security to have the visibility and controls to close that gap.",{"data":5052,"content":5053,"nodeType":860},{},[5054,5058,5066],{"data":5055,"marks":5056,"value":5057,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is the most practical place for security teams to get that visibility and control over AI usage. All AI tool usage — whether that's web apps, extensions, OAuth consent flows, data uploads — traverses the browser. A browser security platform like Push can ",{"data":5059,"content":5061,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5060},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-ai",[5062],{"data":5063,"marks":5064,"value":5065,"nodeType":864},{},[],"discover which AI tools employees are actually using",{"data":5067,"marks":5068,"value":5069,"nodeType":864},{},[],", monitor how they're being used, track which AI services have been granted access to corporate systems, and enforce policy in real time.",{"data":5071,"content":5072,"nodeType":860},{},[5073],{"data":5074,"marks":5075,"value":5076,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What makes this particularly effective in a budget conversation is that security teams don’t need to explain or sell a new security risk or initiative, instead they're responding to one their executive team has already identified. When security can demonstrate a concrete plan to deliver AI visibility and control, the funding conversation is significantly shorter. The investment addresses the executive mandate while simultaneously providing additional capabilities for the security team like threat protection, identity and shadow IT security, and investigation support.",{"data":5078,"content":5079,"nodeType":1312},{},[5080],{"data":5081,"marks":5082,"value":5083,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Option B | Modern breaches that originate in the browser: the gap the existing stack wasn't designed to cover",{"data":5085,"content":5086,"nodeType":860},{},[5087],{"data":5088,"marks":5089,"value":5090,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The second strategic imperative requires more educating on the part of the security leader.",{"data":5092,"content":5093,"nodeType":860},{},[5094,5098,5106,5110,5118,5122,5130],{"data":5095,"marks":5096,"value":5097,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The highest-profile breaches in recent years — MGM, Caesars, Ticketmaster, M&S, Jaguar Land Rover — were all carried out by threat groups like ",{"data":5099,"content":5101,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5100},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters/",[5102],{"data":5103,"marks":5104,"value":5105,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider",{"data":5107,"marks":5108,"value":5109,"nodeType":864},{},[]," using cloud-native, ",{"data":5111,"content":5113,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5112},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-the-browser-and-identity-attacks-matrix/",[5114],{"data":5115,"marks":5116,"value":5117,"nodeType":864},{},[],"identity-based attack techniques",{"data":5119,"marks":5120,"value":5121,"nodeType":864},{},[],". They didn't compromise endpoints or exploit zero-day vulnerabilities. Instead, they compromised employees' cloud app accounts by targeting them with techniques that ",{"data":5123,"content":5125,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5124},"https://pushsecurity.com/thank-you/browser-attacks-report",[5126],{"data":5127,"marks":5128,"value":5129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"play out inside browser sessions",{"data":5131,"marks":5132,"value":5133,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where existing endpoint, network, and email controls have no visibility.",{"data":5135,"content":5136,"nodeType":860},{},[5137],{"data":5138,"marks":5139,"value":5140,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That doesn't mean your existing security investments are failing. Endpoint, network, and email controls have become effective enough that threat groups are now actively avoiding them by rerouting their attacks via the browser.",{"data":5142,"content":5143,"nodeType":941},{},[5144,5166,5188],{"data":5145,"content":5146,"nodeType":945},{},[5147],{"data":5148,"content":5149,"nodeType":860},{},[5150,5153,5162],{"data":5151,"marks":5152,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5154,"content":5156,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5155},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/global-threat-report/",[5157],{"data":5158,"marks":5159,"value":5161,"nodeType":864},{},[5160],{"type":1455},"CrowdStrike's 2026 data",{"data":5163,"marks":5164,"value":5165,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shows 82% of attack detections are now malware-free. A new capability is needed to address this new playbook, and browser security closes that gap by detecting attacker behavior inside the session, where these attacks actually execute.",{"data":5167,"content":5168,"nodeType":945},{},[5169],{"data":5170,"content":5171,"nodeType":860},{},[5172,5175,5184],{"data":5173,"marks":5174,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5176,"content":5178,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5177},"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/2025-unit-42-global-incident-response-report-social-engineering-edition/",[5179],{"data":5180,"marks":5181,"value":5183,"nodeType":864},{},[5182],{"type":1455},"Unit 42",{"data":5185,"marks":5186,"value":5187,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found that identity weaknesses played a material role in almost 90% of their investigations, and across more than 750 incident response engagements, 48% involved browser-based activity.",{"data":5189,"content":5190,"nodeType":945},{},[5191],{"data":5192,"content":5193,"nodeType":860},{},[5194,5197,5206],{"data":5195,"marks":5196,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5198,"content":5200,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5199},"https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/m-trends-2025-en.pdf",[5201],{"data":5202,"marks":5203,"value":5205,"nodeType":864},{},[5204],{"type":1455},"Mandiant's data",{"data":5207,"marks":5208,"value":5209,"nodeType":864},{},[]," tells a similar story: threat actors exploited identity issues to gain initial access in 83% of incidents involving cloud and SaaS environments.",{"data":5211,"content":5212,"nodeType":860},{},[5213,5218],{"data":5214,"marks":5215,"value":5217,"nodeType":864},{},[5216],{"type":899},"Identity-based attacks executed via the browser are now the dominant attack pattern.",{"data":5219,"marks":5220,"value":5221,"nodeType":864},{},[]," That framing works in a budget conversation because it identifies a gap rather than asking to improve something that's already covered by an existing solution. It's also reinforced by the fact that the breaches and groups behind them like Scattered Spider were all reported on by the mainstream media, meaning non-security stakeholders are likely to already be somewhat aware of the risks and potential implications of them being realized.",{"data":5223,"content":5224,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":5226,"content":5227,"nodeType":1009},{},[5228],{"data":5229,"marks":5230,"value":5232,"nodeType":864},{},[5231],{"type":899},"The economic case: five value drivers",{"data":5234,"content":5235,"nodeType":860},{},[5236],{"data":5237,"marks":5238,"value":5239,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Those strategic imperatives establish why something needs to be done, but they don't quantify the cost of inaction or demonstrate how the investment pays for itself. A CFO wants to see where the money comes from, what existing spend it offsets, and what measurable return it delivers. The economic investment case draws on five distinct value drivers, each grounded in capabilities specific to operating inside the browser session.",{"data":5241,"content":5245,"nodeType":996},{"target":5242},{"sys":5243},{"id":5244,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2W1G5GZWXLbo2hi6bTxAVs",[],{"data":5247,"content":5248,"nodeType":1312},{},[5249],{"data":5250,"marks":5251,"value":5252,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1. Avoided breach costs",{"data":5254,"content":5255,"nodeType":860},{},[5256],{"data":5257,"marks":5258,"value":5259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the largest single value driver, but it's also the hardest to measure because the return is defined by the absence of an event rather than the presence of a saving. That said, the methodology is well-established in risk management, and CFOs already accept this logic for insurance and business continuity investments.",{"data":5261,"content":5262,"nodeType":860},{},[5263,5267,5275],{"data":5264,"marks":5265,"value":5266,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The detection gap described above has a direct financial consequence: every attack that slips through undetected is a potential breach incurring significant direct and indirect costs. Push helps you avoid these costs by detecting ",{"data":5268,"content":5270,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5269},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/stop-account-takeover",[5271],{"data":5272,"marks":5273,"value":5274,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser-native attack TTPs",{"data":5276,"marks":5277,"value":5278,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and blocking them in real-time to prevent breaches at the earliest opportunity.",{"data":5280,"content":5281,"nodeType":860},{},[5282],{"data":5283,"marks":5284,"value":5285,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even though the breach itself is unrealized, there are tangible leading indicators of success: reduced MTTD/MTTR, and fewer attacks progressing to account takeover or endpoint compromise; the stages at which incidents become more expensive to clean up.",{"data":5287,"content":5288,"nodeType":860},{},[5289,5293,5300,5303,5311],{"data":5290,"marks":5291,"value":5292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Quantifying the savings generated by avoiding breaches requires an ",{"data":5294,"content":5295,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},[5296],{"data":5297,"marks":5298,"value":5299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"estimation of your organization's breach probability and likely cost",{"data":5301,"marks":5302,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5304,"content":5306,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5305},"https://www.ibm.com/reports/data-breach",[5307],{"data":5308,"marks":5309,"value":5310,"nodeType":864},{},[]," IBM's cost of a data breach report",{"data":5312,"marks":5313,"value":5314,"nodeType":864},{},[]," provides industry-specific benchmarks, though a more grounded alternative is to look at the disclosed costs of the breaches mentioned above and assess your exposure to the same techniques:",{"data":5316,"content":5317,"nodeType":941},{},[5318,5328,5338],{"data":5319,"content":5320,"nodeType":945},{},[5321],{"data":5322,"content":5323,"nodeType":860},{},[5324],{"data":5325,"marks":5326,"value":5327,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MGM reported over $100M in direct impact plus a $45M class-action settlement.",{"data":5329,"content":5330,"nodeType":945},{},[5331],{"data":5332,"content":5333,"nodeType":860},{},[5334],{"data":5335,"marks":5336,"value":5337,"nodeType":864},{},[],"M&S lost £300M in profits with almost £1B wiped off its market valuation.",{"data":5339,"content":5340,"nodeType":945},{},[5341],{"data":5342,"content":5343,"nodeType":860},{},[5344],{"data":5345,"marks":5346,"value":5347,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The JLR breach was severe enough for the UK government to underwrite a $1.5B loan to mitigate supply chain damage.",{"data":5349,"content":5350,"nodeType":860},{},[5351],{"data":5352,"marks":5353,"value":5354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Your own incident data, red team results, or phishing simulation outcomes will increase accuracy further.",{"data":5356,"content":5360,"nodeType":996},{"target":5357},{"sys":5358},{"id":5359,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3SgrdUcQnQsnNLIR9UgBB",[],{"data":5362,"content":5363,"nodeType":1312},{},[5364],{"data":5365,"marks":5366,"value":5367,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2. Accelerated and safe AI adoption",{"data":5369,"content":5370,"nodeType":860},{},[5371],{"data":5372,"marks":5373,"value":5374,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Without effective AI visibility and control tooling, your security team becomes either the bottleneck for AI adoption or allows the risks to go unchecked. Every month that adoption is restricted or ungoverned has a productivity cost that compounds.",{"data":5376,"content":5377,"nodeType":860},{},[5378],{"data":5379,"marks":5380,"value":5381,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There's been plenty of research into the productivity impact of AI:",{"data":5383,"content":5384,"nodeType":941},{},[5385,5407,5429,5451],{"data":5386,"content":5387,"nodeType":945},{},[5388],{"data":5389,"content":5390,"nodeType":860},{},[5391,5394,5403],{"data":5392,"marks":5393,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5395,"content":5397,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5396},"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w31161/w31161.pdf",[5398],{"data":5399,"marks":5400,"value":5402,"nodeType":864},{},[5401],{"type":1455},"Stanford and MIT research",{"data":5404,"marks":5405,"value":5406,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found that workers with access to a generative AI assistant were 14% more productive on average, with novice workers seeing a 34% improvement.",{"data":5408,"content":5409,"nodeType":945},{},[5410],{"data":5411,"content":5412,"nodeType":860},{},[5413,5416,5425],{"data":5414,"marks":5415,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5417,"content":5419,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5418},"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insights/strategy/productivity-payoff",[5420],{"data":5421,"marks":5422,"value":5424,"nodeType":864},{},[5423],{"type":1455},"Accenture's research",{"data":5426,"marks":5427,"value":5428,"nodeType":864},{},[]," estimates approximately $7,800 per employee per year in productivity value from generative AI for knowledge workers.",{"data":5430,"content":5431,"nodeType":945},{},[5432],{"data":5433,"content":5434,"nodeType":860},{},[5435,5438,5447],{"data":5436,"marks":5437,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5439,"content":5441,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5440},"https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2025/feb/impact-generative-ai-work-productivity",[5442],{"data":5443,"marks":5444,"value":5446,"nodeType":864},{},[5445],{"type":1455},"The Federal Reserve",{"data":5448,"marks":5449,"value":5450,"nodeType":864},{},[]," independently quantified it at 5.4% of work hours saved, roughly one full working day reclaimed per month.",{"data":5452,"content":5453,"nodeType":945},{},[5454],{"data":5455,"content":5456,"nodeType":860},{},[5457,5460,5469],{"data":5458,"marks":5459,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5461,"content":5463,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5462},"https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai",[5464],{"data":5465,"marks":5466,"value":5468,"nodeType":864},{},[5467],{"type":1455},"McKinsey's 2025 data",{"data":5470,"marks":5471,"value":5472,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shows organizations leading on AI adoption report 5.8x average ROI within 14 months, and they outperform laggards in both profitability and revenue growth.",{"data":5474,"content":5475,"nodeType":860},{},[5476],{"data":5477,"marks":5478,"value":5479,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A browser security platform like Push removes the governance blocker. When you can see which AI tools employees are using, what data they're sharing, and what permissions they've granted, and enforce policy in real time, the answer to \"can our people use this?\" shifts from \"not yet, we need to assess the risk\" to \"yes, with our sensible guardrails.\"",{"data":5481,"content":5482,"nodeType":860},{},[5483],{"data":5484,"marks":5485,"value":5486,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push delivers this by discovering every AI web app, browser, browser extension, and OAuth integration in use. It monitors data sharing through file uploads and clipboard activity, tracks OAuth consent flows where AI services request access to corporate tenants, and enforces policy at the point of action. This allows your team to very quickly get a handle on AI usage, mitigate risks and guide the business on how to best drive safe adoption.",{"data":5488,"content":5492,"nodeType":996},{"target":5489},{"sys":5490},{"id":5491,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6i7Z6jwFaztuoUCynXfrVH",[],{"data":5494,"content":5495,"nodeType":1312},{},[5496],{"data":5497,"marks":5498,"value":5499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"3. Greater return from existing security investments",{"data":5501,"content":5502,"nodeType":860},{},[5503],{"data":5504,"marks":5505,"value":5506,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push generates direct labor savings in two ways that other tools can't replicate.",{"data":5508,"content":5509,"nodeType":860},{},[5510,5515,5519,5527],{"data":5511,"marks":5512,"value":5514,"nodeType":864},{},[5513],{"type":899},"First, identity hygiene remediation at scale.",{"data":5516,"marks":5517,"value":5518,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push's customer data shows that for every 1,000 employees, an organization will typically have just over ",{"data":5520,"content":5522,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5521},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/",[5523],{"data":5524,"marks":5525,"value":5526,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2,500 identity security vulnerabilities",{"data":5528,"marks":5529,"value":5530,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (missing MFA or weak, breached, reused passwords, etc).",{"data":5532,"content":5533,"nodeType":860},{},[5534,5538,5546],{"data":5535,"marks":5536,"value":5537,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Without Push, you could conservatively estimate that each vulnerability takes 5–10 minutes to resolve manually (inclusive of project management and reporting time) which translates to between 26 and 52 FTE days per thousand employees. ",{"data":5539,"content":5541,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5540},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/harden-unmanaged-identities",[5542],{"data":5543,"marks":5544,"value":5545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push automates this through in-browser guardrails",{"data":5547,"marks":5548,"value":5549,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that prompt users to fix issues at the point of login. That's thousands of identity vulnerabilities resolved without a single ticket being filed, and weeks of analyst time recovered annually at fully burdened rates.",{"data":5551,"content":5552,"nodeType":860},{},[5553,5558,5562,5570],{"data":5554,"marks":5555,"value":5557,"nodeType":864},{},[5556],{"type":899},"Second, investigation efficiency.",{"data":5559,"marks":5560,"value":5561,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push detects attacks at the earliest and safest opportunity, as the attacker is attempting to gain initial access via the browser. The telemetry Push provides analysts with ",{"data":5563,"content":5565,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5564},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-browser-related-incidents",[5566],{"data":5567,"marks":5568,"value":5569,"nodeType":864},{},[],"accelerates their investigations across both external and insider threats",{"data":5571,"marks":5572,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5574,"content":5575,"nodeType":860},{},[5576,5580,5588],{"data":5577,"marks":5578,"value":5579,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s one example of that in action: Push eliminates ",{"data":5581,"content":5583,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5582},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verified-stolen-credential-detection/",[5584],{"data":5585,"marks":5586,"value":5587,"nodeType":864},{},[],"over 99% of compromised credential false positives",{"data":5589,"marks":5590,"value":5591,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in common TI feeds by only surfacing credentials actively being used and observed in the browser. Much like the first direct labour saving, Push saves your team weeks of effort confirming false positives and investigating complex account compromise incidents. It also reduces the likelihood of an incident progressing to the stage where a (costly) external incident response provider is needed. ",{"data":5593,"content":5594,"nodeType":860},{},[5595,5599,5607],{"data":5596,"marks":5597,"value":5598,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By automatically remediating identity security issues at scale, and accelerating investigations, Push eliminates much of the work that analysts typically find tedious and frustrating: manually chasing password resets, triaging false positives, ",{"data":5600,"content":5602,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5601},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/fixing-secops-alert-fatigue-with-browser-telemetry/",[5603],{"data":5604,"marks":5605,"value":5606,"nodeType":864},{},[],"trawling through web proxy logs",{"data":5608,"marks":5609,"value":5610,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Removing that work means they can spend more time on the interesting, high-value aspects of their roles, which directly improves morale and retention.",{"data":5612,"content":5613,"nodeType":860},{},[5614],{"data":5615,"marks":5616,"value":5617,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In a market where replacing a fully ramped security analyst costs 80–150% of their annual salary and the new hire takes months to reach the same productivity, reduced attrition generates its own measurable saving in avoided recruitment, training, and lost productivity during the ramp-up period.",{"data":5619,"content":5620,"nodeType":860},{},[5621],{"data":5622,"marks":5623,"value":5624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In addition to direct labor savings, Push improves the return on every other security investment in your stack. Browser-layer telemetry feeds into SIEM and SOAR platforms, enriching correlation rules and enabling custom detections that weren't previously possible, a multiplier on the value you're already getting from your existing security investments.",{"data":5626,"content":5630,"nodeType":996},{"target":5627},{"sys":5628},{"id":5629,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7EwWz1orX6QQtm5MHnaXDQ",[],{"data":5632,"content":5633,"nodeType":1312},{},[5634],{"data":5635,"marks":5636,"value":5637,"nodeType":864},{},[],"4. Reduced compliance and audit exposure",{"data":5639,"content":5640,"nodeType":860},{},[5641],{"data":5642,"marks":5643,"value":5644,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every major security compliance framework — SOC 2, ISO 27001, HIPAA, PCI DSS, NIST, GDPR — requires MFA on accounts, strong and unique passwords, and visibility into which third-party applications are being entrusted with corporate data. These are foundational requirements and they apply across every application employees use, not just the ones IT has provisioned. Self-adopted Shadow IT and unmanaged identities create compliance gaps against these requirements that most organizations don't know they have until an auditor finds them.",{"data":5646,"content":5647,"nodeType":860},{},[5648,5651,5660,5664,5672],{"data":5649,"marks":5650,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5652,"content":5654,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5653},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/mfa-regulation-compliance",[5655],{"data":5656,"marks":5657,"value":5659,"nodeType":864},{},[5658],{"type":1455},"The consequences of gaps in these controls are increasingly financial.",{"data":5661,"marks":5662,"value":5663,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The City of Hamilton had its $18.3M cyber insurance claim denied after a ransomware attack because MFA wasn't fully implemented. The insurer ruled that incomplete MFA coverage voided the policy. ",{"data":5665,"content":5667,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5666},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-expansion-of-nydfs-nycrr-part-500-means-for-mfa-compliance/",[5668],{"data":5669,"marks":5670,"value":5671,"nodeType":864},{},[],"NYDFS has levied $14 million in fines",{"data":5673,"marks":5674,"value":5675,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from companies with inadequate MFA. These aren't hypothetical risks, and they apply to requirements that Push can help you meet continuously rather than scrambling to find evidence during an audit or after an incident.",{"data":5677,"content":5678,"nodeType":860},{},[5679,5683,5691],{"data":5680,"marks":5681,"value":5682,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push addresses these compliance requirements directly. It ",{"data":5684,"content":5686,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5685},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-shadow-saas",[5687],{"data":5688,"marks":5689,"value":5690,"nodeType":864},{},[],"discovers every application employees actually use",{"data":5692,"marks":5693,"value":5694,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — directly from the login event in the browser, not from network traffic patterns. It also observes the authentication method, password strength, and MFA status for each account. The inventory provided by Push replaces weeks of manual spreadsheet work during audit preparation and gives your GRC team continuous evidence rather than a point-in-time snapshot assembled under pressure.",{"data":5696,"content":5700,"nodeType":996},{"target":5697},{"sys":5698},{"id":5699,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"36lm2TMvlpEPrFfM8KEUqB",[],{"data":5702,"content":5703,"nodeType":1312},{},[5704],{"data":5705,"marks":5706,"value":5707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"5. Consolidated capability and reallocated spend",{"data":5709,"content":5710,"nodeType":860},{},[5711,5715,5723],{"data":5712,"marks":5713,"value":5714,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push delivers against a ",{"data":5716,"content":5718,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5717},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-top-10-security-problems-you-can-solve-in-the-browser-ranked-by-value/",[5719],{"data":5720,"marks":5721,"value":5722,"nodeType":864},{},[],"wide range of use cases",{"data":5724,"marks":5725,"value":5726,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — threat detection, AI governance, identity security, investigation support — that would otherwise require separate point solutions to address. That breadth of coverage from a single platform and deployment creates natural opportunities to consolidate spend.",{"data":5728,"content":5729,"nodeType":860},{},[5730],{"data":5731,"marks":5732,"value":5733,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI governance is the most immediate example. Nearly every enterprise is evaluating standalone AI monitoring tools right now, and the price tags are significant. If your browser security platform already delivers the AI visibility and control capabilities like Push's described above — app discovery, data sharing monitoring, OAuth consent tracking, real-time policy enforcement — the case for a separate AI governance purchase weakens considerably. Paying separately for a tool that only does AI governance, when your browser security platform delivers it alongside detection, identity security, and investigation capability, is a hard spend to justify.",{"data":5735,"content":5736,"nodeType":860},{},[5737],{"data":5738,"marks":5739,"value":5740,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There's also a broader resource reallocation opportunity. Platforms like Push represent a new generation of security tooling that addresses the challenges posed by modern work and cyber attacks. The ROI they provide is high now and is likely to increase as the platform evolves alongside the threats and risks it addresses. Meanwhile, much of the legacy stack is moving in the opposite direction.",{"data":5742,"content":5743,"nodeType":941},{},[5744,5766,5776],{"data":5745,"content":5746,"nodeType":945},{},[5747],{"data":5748,"content":5749,"nodeType":860},{},[5750,5754,5762],{"data":5751,"marks":5752,"value":5753,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Network-centric tools like ",{"data":5755,"content":5757,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5756},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/push-plus-network-security/",[5758],{"data":5759,"marks":5760,"value":5761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SWGs and CASBs are becoming increasingly legacy",{"data":5763,"marks":5764,"value":5765,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as more activity moves off the traditional network and into the browser.",{"data":5767,"content":5768,"nodeType":945},{},[5769],{"data":5770,"content":5771,"nodeType":860},{},[5772],{"data":5773,"marks":5774,"value":5775,"nodeType":864},{},[],"RBI deployments are difficult to justify when a browser extension achieves better security outcomes without the user experience penalty.",{"data":5777,"content":5778,"nodeType":945},{},[5779],{"data":5780,"content":5781,"nodeType":860},{},[5782],{"data":5783,"marks":5784,"value":5785,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing simulation programs — whose ROI has long been questioned by practitioners — are harder to justify when attackers are using AI to craft lures and pages that are indistinguishable from the real thing for even the most trained employees. If your browser security platform is already blocking real phishing attempts and delivering contextual security guidance at the actual point of risk, the marginal value of a simulation exercise weeks later diminishes considerably.",{"data":5787,"content":5788,"nodeType":860},{},[5789],{"data":5790,"marks":5791,"value":5792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As legacy tooling becomes less relevant and more commoditized, you should expect to spend less on it. What you save can then be reallocated towards capabilities like Push that address the current threat landscape rather than the previous one legacy tools were designed for.",{"data":5794,"content":5795,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":5797,"content":5798,"nodeType":1009},{},[5799],{"data":5800,"marks":5801,"value":5803,"nodeType":864},{},[5802],{"type":899},"Investment risk management",{"data":5805,"content":5806,"nodeType":860},{},[5807],{"data":5808,"marks":5809,"value":5810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The final component of the business case is assessing the investment risk. Given that browser security solutions are typically a new capability, and therefore a new form of investment, there will naturally be questions about how safe an investment it is.",{"data":5812,"content":5813,"nodeType":860},{},[5814],{"data":5815,"marks":5816,"value":5817,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser security takes many forms and approaches, so this section speaks specifically to Push and why it represents a low-risk investment to make.",{"data":5819,"content":5820,"nodeType":860},{},[5821,5825,5833],{"data":5822,"marks":5823,"value":5824,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push is simple to deploy. It installs as a browser extension via existing MDM tooling — it works on the browsers employees already use, with no migration to a new browser, no user retraining, and no change to workflows. ",{"data":5826,"content":5828,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5827},"https://pushsecurity.com/customer-stories",[5829],{"data":5830,"marks":5831,"value":5832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Customers have rolled Push out to over 100,000 users in under an hour",{"data":5834,"marks":5835,"value":5836,"nodeType":864},{},[]," during normal office hours with zero downtime.",{"data":5838,"content":5839,"nodeType":860},{},[5840],{"data":5841,"marks":5842,"value":5843,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You start seeing findings and detections from day one, not after a months-long implementation project. That compresses time-to-value to a matter of hours, which directly de-risks the investment from a finance perspective. Push's high-fidelity telemetry results in a negligible false positive rate, minimizing the operational cost of running the platform. Push integrates into your existing security workflows and tools, like your SIEM, SOAR, and IdP, and doesn't require a dedicated team to manage, so you gain a new capability without taking on a new operational burden.",{"data":5845,"content":5846,"nodeType":860},{},[5847,5851,5859,5863,5871,5874,5882],{"data":5848,"marks":5849,"value":5850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push supports advanced security teams in highly targeted and regulated industries, with over 3 million browsers deployed worldwide. As one of the first browser security extensions, launched in 2022, Push has one of the longest track records in the space, and its research team regularly discovers novel attack techniques, including ",{"data":5852,"content":5854,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5853},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix/",[5855],{"data":5856,"marks":5857,"value":5858,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ConsentFix",{"data":5860,"marks":5861,"value":5862,"nodeType":864},{},[],",",{"data":5864,"content":5866,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5865},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you/",[5867],{"data":5868,"marks":5869,"value":5870,"nodeType":864},{},[]," ghost logins",{"data":5872,"marks":5873,"value":5862,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5875,"content":5877,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5876},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/samljacking-a-poisoned-tenant/",[5878],{"data":5879,"marks":5880,"value":5881,"nodeType":864},{},[]," SAMLjacking",{"data":5883,"marks":5884,"value":5885,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and regularly publishes campaign analysis referenced across the security community.",{"data":5887,"content":5888,"nodeType":860},{},[5889,5893,5901],{"data":5890,"marks":5891,"value":5892,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, Push actively hunts for new and novel threats across your estate using its research and ",{"data":5894,"content":5896,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5895},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline/",[5897],{"data":5898,"marks":5899,"value":5900,"nodeType":864},{},[],"agentic detection pipeline",{"data":5902,"marks":5903,"value":5904,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with no customer input required. That means you remain protected as the threat landscape evolves, and the capability continues to advance and deliver recurring value over the full contract period without additional effort from your team.",{"data":5906,"content":5907,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":5909,"content":5910,"nodeType":1009},{},[5911],{"data":5912,"marks":5913,"value":5915,"nodeType":864},{},[5914],{"type":899},"Where has the budget actually come from for Push’s customers?",{"data":5917,"content":5918,"nodeType":860},{},[5919],{"data":5920,"marks":5921,"value":5922,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's customers have funded their browser security investment through several well-established routes:",{"data":5924,"content":5925,"nodeType":941},{},[5926,5947,5982,6025,6047],{"data":5927,"content":5928,"nodeType":945},{},[5929],{"data":5930,"content":5931,"nodeType":860},{},[5932,5936,5943],{"data":5933,"marks":5934,"value":5935,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many teams had funded projects to increase their ",{"data":5937,"content":5938,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5060},[5939],{"data":5940,"marks":5941,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],"visibility and control over AI use",{"data":5944,"marks":5945,"value":5946,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in their organizations. Push gave them the instrumentation they needed to address their needs while also allowing them to address other valuable security use cases.",{"data":5948,"content":5949,"nodeType":945},{},[5950],{"data":5951,"content":5952,"nodeType":860},{},[5953,5957,5965,5969,5978],{"data":5954,"marks":5955,"value":5956,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push is frequently purchased following a security incident such as an ",{"data":5958,"content":5960,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5959},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/adversary-in-the-middle-attacks",[5961],{"data":5962,"marks":5963,"value":5964,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing breach",{"data":5966,"marks":5967,"value":5968,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or a ",{"data":5970,"content":5972,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5971},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/clickfix-fix-variants",[5973],{"data":5974,"marks":5975,"value":5977,"nodeType":864},{},[5976],{"type":1455},"ClickFix breach",{"data":5979,"marks":5980,"value":5981,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that existing tools failed to detect and stop.",{"data":5983,"content":5984,"nodeType":945},{},[5985],{"data":5986,"content":5987,"nodeType":860},{},[5988,5992,6000,6003,6010,6013,6021],{"data":5989,"marks":5990,"value":5991,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another leverage point has been ",{"data":5993,"content":5995,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5994},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/tool-replacements/cloud-access-security-broker",[5996],{"data":5997,"marks":5998,"value":306,"nodeType":864},{},[5999],{"type":1455},{"data":6001,"marks":6002,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6004,"content":6006,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6005},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/tool-replacements/secure-web-gateways",[6007],{"data":6008,"marks":6009,"value":624,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6011,"marks":6012,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6014,"content":6016,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6015},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/tool-replacements/remote-browser-isolation",[6017],{"data":6018,"marks":6019,"value":6020,"nodeType":864},{},[],"RBI",{"data":6022,"marks":6023,"value":6024,"nodeType":864},{},[]," renewals. The browser-native capabilities of a tool like Push let you either replace or reduce the scope — and cost — on those contracts without losing coverage.",{"data":6026,"content":6027,"nodeType":945},{},[6028],{"data":6029,"content":6030,"nodeType":860},{},[6031,6035,6043],{"data":6032,"marks":6033,"value":6034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A number of Push customers rolled out ",{"data":6036,"content":6038,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6037},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-chromebooks",[6039],{"data":6040,"marks":6041,"value":6042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Chromebooks",{"data":6044,"marks":6045,"value":6046,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to parts of their workforce and used the savings that generated to pay for Push. These devices fell outside of their standard EDR coverage and they found that Push provided all the visibility and protection they needed for Chromebook users.",{"data":6048,"content":6049,"nodeType":945},{},[6050],{"data":6051,"content":6052,"nodeType":860},{},[6053,6057],{"data":6054,"marks":6055,"value":6056,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But overall, most customers choose to build the net-new case using ROI projections alone. Push customers see direct savings that cover the cost of deploying Push and indirect savings that run into the millions of dollars. ",{"data":6058,"marks":6059,"value":6061,"nodeType":864},{},[6060],{"type":899},"For every $1 invested, Push generates a return of $5 - $15 through a mixture of direct and indirect savings aligned to the five economic value drivers.",{"data":6063,"content":6064,"nodeType":1312},{},[6065],{"data":6066,"marks":6067,"value":6069,"nodeType":864},{},[6068],{"type":899},"Strengthening your case with PoV data",{"data":6071,"content":6072,"nodeType":860},{},[6073,6077,6085],{"data":6074,"marks":6075,"value":6076,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One practical step that strengthens any business case significantly is to ",{"data":6078,"content":6080,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6079},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-to-avoid-the-browser-security-buyers-trap/",[6081],{"data":6082,"marks":6083,"value":6084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"run a proof of value",{"data":6086,"marks":6087,"value":6088,"nodeType":864},{},[],". A PoV deployment generates findings specific to your organization: real instances of employees being targeted in their browsers, the actual scale of your identity attack surface, and concrete shadow SaaS and AI usage data.",{"data":6090,"content":6091,"nodeType":860},{},[6092],{"data":6093,"marks":6094,"value":6095,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That evidence can be far more compelling to a CFO than generic industry benchmarks, and it hones the projected value from the framework using real-world data taken from your own environment. ",{"data":6097,"content":6098,"nodeType":860},{},[6099],{"data":6100,"marks":6101,"value":6102,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The drawback is that the kind of PoV that generates this type of evidence requires more time and effort to run. Security teams typically opt for this approach when they know they'll encounter stronger resistance to budget being made available and they'll really need to evidence the need in absolutely concrete terms.",{"data":6104,"content":6105,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6107,"content":6108,"nodeType":1009},{},[6109],{"data":6110,"marks":6111,"value":6113,"nodeType":864},{},[6112],{"type":899},"Closing thoughts: “nothing worth having comes easy”",{"data":6115,"content":6116,"nodeType":860},{},[6117],{"data":6118,"marks":6119,"value":6120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The budget conversation for browser security takes more work than it does for a like-for-like tool replacement — but the security leaders who've been through it consistently find that the economic case is stronger than they expected going in. ",{"data":6122,"content":6123,"nodeType":860},{},[6124],{"data":6125,"marks":6126,"value":6127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both strategic imperatives are grounded in data any CFO can verify independently, the financial impact is quantifiable across multiple dimensions, and the routes to funding are well-established across organizations that have already made this investment.",{"data":6129,"content":6130,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6132,"content":6133,"nodeType":860},{},[6134],{"data":6135,"marks":6136,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6138,"content":6139,"nodeType":860},{},[6140],{"data":6141,"marks":6142,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6144,"content":6145,"nodeType":860},{},[6146,6149,6156],{"data":6147,"marks":6148,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6150,"content":6152,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo/",[6153],{"data":6154,"marks":6155,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6157,"marks":6158,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":6160},{"hyperlink":6161,"inline":6162,"block":6163},[],[],[6164,6171,6197,6221,6248,6274],{"sys":6165,"__typename":1724,"title":6166,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":6167},{"id":5006},"business case framework",{"url":6168,"width":6169,"height":6170},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1TIwUkTfu8uJkxpF3vS8jS/e93b6ddfa432874452812c2566b5e031/business_case_framework_2x__4_.png",3200,2302,{"sys":6172,"__typename":1740,"content":6173,"name":6196,"title":59},{"id":5244},{"json":6174},{"nodeType":856,"data":6175,"content":6176},{},[6177,6184],{"nodeType":860,"data":6178,"content":6179},{},[6180],{"nodeType":864,"value":6181,"marks":6182,"data":6183},"To illustrate the potential economic impact, each value driver below includes an estimate for a hypothetical 1,000-employee US technology company called ACME. The assumptions used are conservative and the benchmarks are publicly available. And while your own numbers will differ, the methodology used is transferable. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":6185,"content":6186},{},[6187,6191],{"nodeType":864,"value":6188,"marks":6189,"data":6190},"Using these estimates, ACME can conservatively expect a return of ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6192,"marks":6193,"data":6195},"$435K–$925K in combined annual value from direct labor savings, risk-adjusted cost avoidance, and accelerated productivity gains.",[6194],{"type":899},{},"Browser business case IB1",{"sys":6198,"__typename":1740,"content":6199,"name":6220,"title":59},{"id":5359},{"json":6200},{"nodeType":856,"data":6201,"content":6202},{},[6203],{"nodeType":860,"data":6204,"content":6205},{},[6206,6211,6215],{"nodeType":864,"value":6207,"marks":6208,"data":6210},"ACME example: ",[6209],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6212,"marks":6213,"data":6214},"IBM's data puts the average breach cost for a technology company at approximately $4.9M. Assuming a conservative 5–8% annual breach probability, and given that 80% of breaches are now identity-based and execute via the browser, the question is how much of that exposure Push eliminates. Push detects and blocks browser-native, identity-based attacks in real time. Even using a conservative 80% effectiveness estimate ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6216,"marks":6217,"data":6219},"the expected annual value is $150K–$250K.",[6218],{"type":899},{},"Browser business case IB2",{"sys":6222,"__typename":1740,"content":6223,"name":6247,"title":59},{"id":5491},{"json":6224},{"nodeType":856,"data":6225,"content":6226},{},[6227],{"nodeType":860,"data":6228,"content":6229},{},[6230,6234,6238,6243],{"nodeType":864,"value":6207,"marks":6231,"data":6233},[6232],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6235,"marks":6236,"data":6237},"for a 1,000-employee technology company where 60% of the workforce are knowledge workers, accelerating safe AI adoption by three to six months for 25–40% of those workers captures ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6239,"marks":6240,"data":6242},"$150K–$400K",[6241],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6244,"marks":6245,"data":6246}," in productivity value.",[],{},"Browser business case IB3",{"sys":6249,"__typename":1740,"content":6250,"name":6273,"title":59},{"id":5629},{"json":6251},{"nodeType":856,"data":6252,"content":6253},{},[6254],{"nodeType":860,"data":6255,"content":6256},{},[6257,6261,6265,6270],{"nodeType":864,"value":6207,"marks":6258,"data":6260},[6259],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6262,"marks":6263,"data":6264},"Automated identity remediation across approximately 2,500 vulnerabilities recovers $25K–$35K in analyst time annually. Investigation efficiency gains from earlier detection and the elimination of compromised credential false positives save a further $45K–$65K. Reduced analyst attrition, driven by the removal of tedious manual work, avoids $15K–$25K in recruitment and ramp-up costs. Combined, this value driver represents ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6266,"marks":6267,"data":6269},"$85K–$125K annually",[6268],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":2924,"marks":6271,"data":6272},[],{},"Browser business case IB4",{"sys":6275,"__typename":1740,"content":6276,"name":6299,"title":59},{"id":5699},{"json":6277},{"nodeType":856,"data":6278,"content":6279},{},[6280],{"nodeType":860,"data":6281,"content":6282},{},[6283,6287,6291,6296],{"nodeType":864,"value":6207,"marks":6284,"data":6286},[6285],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6288,"marks":6289,"data":6290},"Push's automated inventory and continuous compliance evidence replaces approximately 1,000 hours of annual audit preparation effort, generating $8K–$25K in direct savings. The larger value is in risk avoidance: assuming a conservative 3–5% annual probability of a compliance-related financial event (e.g. a denied insurance claim or a regulatory fine) and an average impact of $5–8M, even a 30% reduction in that exposure represents $45K–$120K in expected annual value. ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":6292,"marks":6293,"data":6295},"Combined: $50K–$150K",[6294],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":2924,"marks":6297,"data":6298},[],{},"Browser business case IB5",{"items":6301},[],{},"How to make the business case for browser security","thought-leadership","2026-05-29T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":6307},[6308,7011,7560],{"__typename":2059,"sys":6309,"content":6311,"title":6997,"synopsis":6998,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":6999,"slug":7000,"tagsCollection":7001,"authorsCollection":7007},{"id":6310},"1ThCW6Cx8Zcq2flramQdoj",{"json":6312},{"data":6313,"content":6314,"nodeType":856},{},[6315,6322,6329,6351,6358,6365,6372,6375,6383,6390,6409,6416,6423,6471,6478,6486,6493,6500,6507,6510,6518,6525,6537,6544,6552,6571,6577,6617,6623,6630,6642,6648,6655,6672,6680,6687,6706,6712,6720,6727,6882,6885,6893,6900,6907,6910,6918,6925,6937,6949,6961,6973,6980],{"data":6316,"content":6317,"nodeType":860},{},[6318],{"data":6319,"marks":6320,"value":6321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At first, it may seem like an obvious choice, partly because the category name \"Secure Enterprise Browser\" implies the answer is a full-stack browser. Plus, the most visible vendors in the space have spent the past few years marketing that exact choice as the only one. ",{"data":6323,"content":6324,"nodeType":860},{},[6325],{"data":6326,"marks":6327,"value":6328,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the market tells a different story. The majority of vendors Gartner places in the SEB category are now extensions rather than full browsers, and Gartner explicitly notes that extensions have become the preferred option. ",{"data":6330,"content":6331,"nodeType":1116},{},[6332],{"data":6333,"content":6334,"nodeType":860},{},[6335,6339,6347],{"data":6336,"marks":6337,"value":6338,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The buyer-side data tells the same story: In ",{"data":6340,"content":6341,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[6342],{"data":6343,"marks":6344,"value":6346,"nodeType":864},{},[6345],{"type":1455},"Omdia's 2026 survey of 400 IT and security professionals",{"data":6348,"marks":6349,"value":6350,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 48% of organizations cited the ability to use their existing browsers as an important attribute in a secure browsing solution.",{"data":6352,"content":6353,"nodeType":860},{},[6354],{"data":6355,"marks":6356,"value":6357,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The truth is: Full-stack enterprise browsers and browser security extensions like Push aren’t competing products. They serve different needs for different teams, though they often get evaluated against each other.",{"data":6359,"content":6360,"nodeType":860},{},[6361],{"data":6362,"marks":6363,"value":6364,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full-stack enterprise browsers serve the IT team's need to control the workspace. Browser security extensions like Push meet the security team's need to protect their users as they work in their browsers — a fundamentally different problem. ",{"data":6366,"content":6367,"nodeType":860},{},[6368],{"data":6369,"marks":6370,"value":6371,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’ll cover why a feature-by-feature checklist is the wrong approach when selecting a secure browser platform, and what questions to consider instead. We’ll also discuss what each type of solution excels at, where Push fits in, and how to map your needs to the right solution.",{"data":6373,"content":6374,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6376,"content":6377,"nodeType":1009},{},[6378],{"data":6379,"marks":6380,"value":6382,"nodeType":864},{},[6381],{"type":899},"Full-stack enterprise browsers meet the IT team's need to control a workspace",{"data":6384,"content":6385,"nodeType":860},{},[6386],{"data":6387,"marks":6388,"value":6389,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full-stack enterprise browsers like Island, Prisma Browser, and SURF Security are best understood as managed workspace platforms rather than browsers in the conventional sense. ",{"data":6391,"content":6392,"nodeType":1116},{},[6393],{"data":6394,"content":6395,"nodeType":860},{},[6396,6400,6405],{"data":6397,"marks":6398,"value":6399,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Island's own CEO Mike Fey has described the company's strategy as transforming the browser into ",{"data":6401,"marks":6402,"value":6404,"nodeType":864},{},[6403],{"type":2246},"\"a centralized, enterprise-grade platform, eliminating layers of legacy IT infrastructure by building more functionality in the browser.\"",{"data":6406,"marks":6407,"value":6408,"nodeType":864},{},[]," ",{"data":6410,"content":6411,"nodeType":860},{},[6412],{"data":6413,"marks":6414,"value":6415,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Chrome Enterprise and Edge for Business occupy a related space as productivity-suite browsers extended with native security controls, sold as part of the broader Google and Microsoft workplace stacks. Different products with different lineage, but all of them converge on the same owner: an IT organization solving for workspace control.",{"data":6417,"content":6418,"nodeType":860},{},[6419],{"data":6420,"marks":6421,"value":6422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The IT team is trying to achieve workspace policy compliance and access governance. Their primary use case is typically reducing reliance on legacy IT tools like VDI, VPN, remote browser isolation, DaaS, web filtering, and CASBs. In this world, the use cases look like: ",{"data":6424,"content":6425,"nodeType":941},{},[6426,6441,6456],{"data":6427,"content":6428,"nodeType":945},{},[6429],{"data":6430,"content":6431,"nodeType":860},{},[6432,6437],{"data":6433,"marks":6434,"value":6436,"nodeType":864},{},[6435],{"type":899},"Securing third-party contractors or BYOD",{"data":6438,"marks":6439,"value":6440,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where the workspace itself is the access control. ",{"data":6442,"content":6443,"nodeType":945},{},[6444],{"data":6445,"content":6446,"nodeType":860},{},[6447,6452],{"data":6448,"marks":6449,"value":6451,"nodeType":864},{},[6450],{"type":899},"Regulated populations",{"data":6453,"marks":6454,"value":6455,"nodeType":864},{},[]," like call centers, BPO workforces, finance teams handling sensitive material, where output controls like watermarking, screenshot restriction, and print blocking need to be enforced at the OS rendering layer. ",{"data":6457,"content":6458,"nodeType":945},{},[6459],{"data":6460,"content":6461,"nodeType":860},{},[6462,6467],{"data":6463,"marks":6464,"value":6466,"nodeType":864},{},[6465],{"type":899},"Legacy app support",{"data":6468,"marks":6469,"value":6470,"nodeType":864},{},[]," including IE-mode rendering for applications that have never been modernized. ",{"data":6472,"content":6473,"nodeType":860},{},[6474],{"data":6475,"marks":6476,"value":6477,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For these use cases, the architecture is well-suited, and there are numerous full-stack SEB solutions that address them well. Where the full-stack approach runs into trouble is in getting users to migrate onto a new browser and in justifying the cost of doing so. Both problems scale with the size of the workforce. ",{"data":6479,"content":6480,"nodeType":1312},{},[6481],{"data":6482,"marks":6483,"value":6485,"nodeType":864},{},[6484],{"type":899},"Cost of deployment is a significant blocker for full-stack browsers",{"data":6487,"content":6488,"nodeType":860},{},[6489],{"data":6490,"marks":6491,"value":6492,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The migration costs are easy to predict: deployment and configuration effort, help desk volume and — biggest of all — user resistance. But it’s the license cost that limits deployments in many organizations going from a free consumer browser to a paid replacement for the first time. ",{"data":6494,"content":6495,"nodeType":860},{},[6496],{"data":6497,"marks":6498,"value":6499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In fact, Gartner notes that most buyers start with a single use case like covering contractors and rarely pursue organization-wide deployment for a full-stack enterprise browser. ",{"data":6501,"content":6502,"nodeType":860},{},[6503],{"data":6504,"marks":6505,"value":6506,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For organizations that do achieve a full-coverage deployment for these full-stack browsers, the need to manage drift in employee behavior over time gets harder. Agentic browsers like Comet, Atlas, and Dia are already starting to pull users toward AI-native workflows that consumer browsers don’t offer and full-stack enterprise browsers don’t currently match.",{"data":6508,"content":6509,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6511,"content":6512,"nodeType":1009},{},[6513],{"data":6514,"marks":6515,"value":6517,"nodeType":864},{},[6516],{"type":899},"What a browser security extension built for the security team looks like",{"data":6519,"content":6520,"nodeType":860},{},[6521],{"data":6522,"marks":6523,"value":6524,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most browser security extensions on the market were built to address this migration hurdle. They attempt to take as many of the features of a full-stack browser as possible, but make it possible to deploy into users’ existing browsers, sidestepping a lot of the cost and rollout problems.",{"data":6526,"content":6527,"nodeType":860},{},[6528,6532],{"data":6529,"marks":6530,"value":6531,"nodeType":864},{},[],"LayerX, Seraphic, SquareX, and Keep Aware have all at some point echoed this approach in their product descriptions with the line ",{"data":6533,"marks":6534,"value":6536,"nodeType":864},{},[6535],{"type":2246},"\"make any browser an enterprise browser.\"",{"data":6538,"content":6539,"nodeType":860},{},[6540],{"data":6541,"marks":6542,"value":6543,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ultimately, that approach is still aimed at solving problems for the IT team more than the security team.",{"data":6545,"content":6546,"nodeType":1312},{},[6547],{"data":6548,"marks":6549,"value":6551,"nodeType":864},{},[6550],{"type":899},"Push is different — we built a browser extension to meet the security team's needs",{"data":6553,"content":6554,"nodeType":860},{},[6555,6559,6567],{"data":6556,"marks":6557,"value":6558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push set out to meet a different need. Our team's background has always been in defending organizations against advanced attacks. We spent our careers working in red and blue teams throughout the network and endpoint eras of cyber attacks. The mission we started with in 2022 was to defend organizations against the ",{"data":6560,"content":6561,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5124},[6562],{"data":6563,"marks":6564,"value":6566,"nodeType":864},{},[6565],{"type":1455},"new era of damaging cyber attacks that originate in the browser",{"data":6568,"marks":6569,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],". ",{"data":6572,"content":6576,"nodeType":996},{"target":6573},{"sys":6574},{"id":6575,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6BwJl8ZkiMore2o1BKx2w6",[],{"data":6578,"content":6579,"nodeType":860},{},[6580,6584,6593,6597,6602,6606,6614],{"data":6581,"marks":6582,"value":6583,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We chose a browser extension as the approach for our solution, not because we wanted to build an easier-to-deploy enterprise browser, but so we could use it as a security agent to collect high-fidelity telemetry for TTP-based detections, and apply real-time controls to stop attacks at the earliest opportunity in the modern  — ",{"data":6585,"content":6587,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6586},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/",[6588],{"data":6589,"marks":6590,"value":6592,"nodeType":864},{},[6591],{"type":1455},"browser and identity native",{"data":6594,"marks":6595,"value":6596,"nodeType":864},{},[],"  — kill chain. ",{"data":6598,"marks":6599,"value":6601,"nodeType":864},{},[6600],{"type":899},"In effect, we created EDR, but for the browser. ",{"data":6603,"marks":6604,"value":6605,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is what gives Push the edge compared to other Secure Enterprise Browser solutions when it comes to tackling the highest priority threats in the browser — ",{"data":6607,"content":6608,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6079},[6609],{"data":6610,"marks":6611,"value":6613,"nodeType":864},{},[6612],{"type":1455},"we’re optimized for this problem area",{"data":6615,"marks":6616,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6618,"content":6622,"nodeType":996},{"target":6619},{"sys":6620},{"id":6621,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4nGzT9cNG0Yid93uUCCuTt",[],{"data":6624,"content":6625,"nodeType":860},{},[6626],{"data":6627,"marks":6628,"value":6629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For a security team using Push’s extension, this means attacks get stopped at the earliest opportunity in the kill chain and before they cause harm. ",{"data":6631,"content":6632,"nodeType":860},{},[6633,6637],{"data":6634,"marks":6635,"value":6636,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a user lands on a phishing page built to harvest their credentials, Push sees the page rendering and the JavaScript executing inside the DOM, and can block the credential submission before the form posts. When a user is being walked through a ClickFix or ConsentFix social engineering flow, Push sees the clipboard writes and the OAuth consent flow parameters being prepared, and can intervene before the user completes the action. When a session token is stolen and replayed against a different device, Push sees the session activity and surfaces the compromise. ",{"data":6638,"marks":6639,"value":6641,"nodeType":864},{},[6640],{"type":899},"Push does all of this from a browser extension, without needing to replace the user's browser. ",{"data":6643,"content":6647,"nodeType":996},{"target":6644},{"sys":6645},{"id":6646,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1FZEbn0K80d1jHRRTk7kL7",[],{"data":6649,"content":6650,"nodeType":860},{},[6651],{"data":6652,"marks":6653,"value":6654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same underlying technology also addresses other high-value security use cases: Visibility and control over AI usage; hardening identities and surfacing shadow IT; and supporting insider investigations and preventing data loss. ",{"data":6656,"content":6657,"nodeType":860},{},[6658,6661,6668],{"data":6659,"marks":6660,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6662,"content":6663,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5717},[6664],{"data":6665,"marks":6666,"value":6667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"highest-value use cases",{"data":6669,"marks":6670,"value":6671,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the browser can address are all powered by the same underlying technical capability, which is why Push's single extension can address four major security use cases rather than four separate tools needing four separate deployments. The success metric for security teams using Push is attacks averted or stopped, cyber risk reduced, and security posture and resilience strengthened — not workspace policy compliance.",{"data":6673,"content":6674,"nodeType":1312},{},[6675],{"data":6676,"marks":6677,"value":6679,"nodeType":864},{},[6678],{"type":899},"Proven at scale: What security leaders are saying",{"data":6681,"content":6682,"nodeType":860},{},[6683],{"data":6684,"marks":6685,"value":6686,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push launched its browser extension in 2022, making it one of the first and longest-running browser security extensions in the category, and it is now deployed across more than three million browsers worldwide.",{"data":6688,"content":6689,"nodeType":860},{},[6690,6694,6702],{"data":6691,"marks":6692,"value":6693,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many ",{"data":6695,"content":6696,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5827},[6697],{"data":6698,"marks":6699,"value":6701,"nodeType":864},{},[6700],{"type":1455},"Push customers",{"data":6703,"marks":6704,"value":6705,"nodeType":864},{},[]," were initially considering full-stack enterprise browsers, but found that Push provided all the visibility and control they needed without the migration headache.",{"data":6707,"content":6711,"nodeType":996},{"target":6708},{"sys":6709},{"id":6710,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4RDIOAuVN10mZCtjltJCB4",[],{"data":6713,"content":6714,"nodeType":1312},{},[6715],{"data":6716,"marks":6717,"value":6719,"nodeType":864},{},[6718],{"type":899},"The extension matters, but it's what we built around it that really counts",{"data":6721,"content":6722,"nodeType":860},{},[6723],{"data":6724,"marks":6725,"value":6726,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The extension is the most visible part of the Push platform, but what Push has built around it makes the solution the most powerful security tool in the browser:",{"data":6728,"content":6729,"nodeType":941},{},[6730,6777,6814,6852,6867],{"data":6731,"content":6732,"nodeType":945},{},[6733],{"data":6734,"content":6735,"nodeType":860},{},[6736,6741,6745,6751,6754,6762,6766,6773],{"data":6737,"marks":6738,"value":6740,"nodeType":864},{},[6739],{"type":899},"In-house threat research that discovers attack techniques as they emerge.",{"data":6742,"marks":6743,"value":6744,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push researchers track real-world adversary activity and discover new techniques as they appear, including ",{"data":6746,"content":6747,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5853},[6748],{"data":6749,"marks":6750,"value":5858,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6752,"marks":6753,"value":5862,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6755,"content":6757,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6756},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/installfix/",[6758],{"data":6759,"marks":6760,"value":6761,"nodeType":864},{},[]," InstallFix",{"data":6763,"marks":6764,"value":6765,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and creating the ",{"data":6767,"content":6768,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5112},[6769],{"data":6770,"marks":6771,"value":6772,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix",{"data":6774,"marks":6775,"value":6776,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Detection is only as good as the threat understanding behind it, and research is what keeps that understanding ahead of what attackers are doing in the wild.",{"data":6778,"content":6779,"nodeType":945},{},[6780],{"data":6781,"content":6782,"nodeType":860},{},[6783,6788,6792,6798,6802,6810],{"data":6784,"marks":6785,"value":6787,"nodeType":864},{},[6786],{"type":899},"Agentic threat hunting and detection engineering at machine speed.",{"data":6789,"marks":6790,"value":6791,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push's ",{"data":6793,"content":6794,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5895},[6795],{"data":6796,"marks":6797,"value":5900,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6799,"marks":6800,"value":6801,"nodeType":864},{},[]," operationalizes the research, generating new behavioral detections in minutes rather than quarterly releases — covering the ",{"data":6803,"content":6805,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6804},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-the-browser-became-the-main-cyber-battleground/",[6806],{"data":6807,"marks":6808,"value":6809,"nodeType":864},{},[],"techniques behind the Scattered Spider, Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters, and ShinyHunters breaches",{"data":6811,"marks":6812,"value":6813,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of the past three years. Attackers are using AI to accelerate the pace at which they generate new lures, kits, and infrastructure; Push keeps security teams in front by advancing the capability at machine speed and scale.",{"data":6815,"content":6816,"nodeType":945},{},[6817],{"data":6818,"content":6819,"nodeType":860},{},[6820,6825,6829,6836,6840,6848],{"data":6821,"marks":6822,"value":6824,"nodeType":864},{},[6823],{"type":899},"Collecting the right telemetry to surface both attacker behavior and risky user action.",{"data":6826,"marks":6827,"value":6828,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Telemetry by itself is just data — the value comes from knowing what to collect, why it matters, and how to turn it into detections and controls. Push combines deep instrumentation of the browser with the expertise to use what we collect: the same browser-layer telemetry that detects AiTM kits, ClickFix and ConsentFix lures, and session token replay also surfaces what users are pasting into AI tools, which ",{"data":6830,"content":6831,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5865},[6832],{"data":6833,"marks":6834,"value":6835,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS apps they're logging into outside the IdP",{"data":6837,"marks":6838,"value":6839,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which OAuth grants are being made, and which ",{"data":6841,"content":6843,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6842},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-extension-management-guide/",[6844],{"data":6845,"marks":6846,"value":6847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"extensions are running in their browsers",{"data":6849,"marks":6850,"value":6851,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The threat detection and the identity, AI, and DLP use cases are not separate features — they are different applications of the same underlying telemetry, surfaced because Push knows what to look for.",{"data":6853,"content":6854,"nodeType":945},{},[6855],{"data":6856,"content":6857,"nodeType":860},{},[6858,6863],{"data":6859,"marks":6860,"value":6862,"nodeType":864},{},[6861],{"type":899},"Enforcing the right controls at the right place at the right moment.",{"data":6864,"marks":6865,"value":6866,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Visibility without actionability is only half a solution. Push turns the browser into a strong control point for stopping attacks and risky user behaviors in real time — reusing passwords, intercepting credential submission to non-IdP domains, blocking ClickFix clipboard payloads before paste-execute, prompting MFA enrollment at the point of login, warning on weak or breached passwords at credential entry, and surfacing app banners that communicate policy at the moment of use. The same control surface that stops attackers stops the user's mistakes that lead to the next breach.",{"data":6868,"content":6869,"nodeType":945},{},[6870],{"data":6871,"content":6872,"nodeType":860},{},[6873,6878],{"data":6874,"marks":6875,"value":6877,"nodeType":864},{},[6876],{"type":899},"Balancing security and privacy.",{"data":6879,"marks":6880,"value":6881,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push is designed to give security teams the telemetry they need without monitoring personal browsing. By default, only logins to configured corporate domains are observed; personal browsing is not collected. (Though administrators have the option to observe personal account logins to work apps, and identify where browsers are being synced to personal accounts, which can result in password loss.) Plaintext passwords and form inputs are never transmitted — passwords are analyzed locally using salted partial hashes. Broader browser metadata is stored on the device and only transmitted when it matches a detection rule. Push does not train AI models on customer telemetry.",{"data":6883,"content":6884,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6886,"content":6887,"nodeType":1009},{},[6888],{"data":6889,"marks":6890,"value":6892,"nodeType":864},{},[6891],{"type":899},"Full-stack enterprise browsers and Push’s browser extension are not mutually exclusive",{"data":6894,"content":6895,"nodeType":860},{},[6896],{"data":6897,"marks":6898,"value":6899,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth pausing on a point that often gets lost in the way the market discusses this choice. Full-stack enterprise browsers and Push’s extension-based solution are not mutually exclusive. They do different things for different teams, and they run together. ",{"data":6901,"content":6902,"nodeType":860},{},[6903],{"data":6904,"marks":6905,"value":6906,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push supports enterprise browsers like Island and Prisma Browser. Many of Push’s customers use a full-stack browser for the contractor population or regulated workload where the IT team needs workspace controls, and Push across the rest of the workforce to provide the deep security capabilities that the IT team is not measured on but the security team is. The right framing for many enterprises is not whether to choose full-stack or extension. It is full-stack for the IT use cases that need it, and Push everywhere else.",{"data":6908,"content":6909,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6911,"content":6912,"nodeType":1009},{},[6913],{"data":6914,"marks":6915,"value":6917,"nodeType":864},{},[6916],{"type":899},"Which one is right for your security team?",{"data":6919,"content":6920,"nodeType":860},{},[6921],{"data":6922,"marks":6923,"value":6924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The answer follows from the need you are trying to meet. The scenarios below cover the most common real-world situations and the approach that fits each.",{"data":6926,"content":6927,"nodeType":860},{},[6928,6933],{"data":6929,"marks":6930,"value":6932,"nodeType":864},{},[6931],{"type":899},"Is your priority detecting and stopping attacks in the browser?",{"data":6934,"marks":6935,"value":6936,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Go with Push. Push detects and stops the threats actually breaching enterprises — AiTM phishing, ClickFix, OAuth abuse, malicious browser extensions. It also provides valuable additional insight during investigations to understand incidents better and decide how to respond to them. ",{"data":6938,"content":6939,"nodeType":860},{},[6940,6945],{"data":6941,"marks":6942,"value":6944,"nodeType":864},{},[6943],{"type":899},"Do you have a large contractor or third-party population needing locked-down workspace controls?",{"data":6946,"marks":6947,"value":6948,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Use a full-stack enterprise browser for that population and Push for everyone else. Watermarking, screenshot blocking and print restriction are OS-level controls that extensions cannot reliably replicate.",{"data":6950,"content":6951,"nodeType":860},{},[6952,6957],{"data":6953,"marks":6954,"value":6956,"nodeType":864},{},[6955],{"type":899},"Do you have a multi-browser estate including a mix of consumer and agentic browsers?",{"data":6958,"marks":6959,"value":6960,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push will provide the coverage you need to secure users. The browser options are growing, and locking your workforce into a single corporate browser becomes harder every time a new productivity-shaping browser ships. Push regularly adds support for emerging browsers.",{"data":6962,"content":6963,"nodeType":860},{},[6964,6969],{"data":6965,"marks":6966,"value":6968,"nodeType":864},{},[6967],{"type":899},"Is significant BYOD or unmanaged-device coverage required.",{"data":6970,"marks":6971,"value":6972,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push is a great option, particularly if you also have Chromebooks that fall outside of your EDR coverage. The extension can easily be installed via email or landing page self-enrollment, with options to enforce coverage through conditional access policies. This provides full threat detection and policy enforcement on devices the organization does not own.",{"data":6974,"content":6975,"nodeType":860},{},[6976],{"data":6977,"marks":6978,"value":6979,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In short, if you are solving for workspace control, the right tool is a full-stack enterprise browser. If you’re solving for protecting users as they work in their browsers, Push is the tool built specifically for that need — with the research depth, detection engineering, and operational scale to do the job.",{"data":6981,"content":6982,"nodeType":860},{},[6983,6986,6994],{"data":6984,"marks":6985,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6987,"content":6988,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[6989],{"data":6990,"marks":6991,"value":6993,"nodeType":864},{},[6992],{"type":1455},"Book a live demo to learn more",{"data":6995,"marks":6996,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enterprise browser vs. browser extension: Which should your security team choose?","If you're building a shortlist of browser security vendors, do you need a full-stack enterprise browser, or browser security extension? ","2026-05-21T00:00:00.000Z","enterprise-browser-vs-browser-extension-which-should-your-security-team-choose",{"items":7002},[7003,7005],{"sys":7004,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":7006,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"items":7008},[7009],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":7010},{"url":4881},{"__typename":2059,"sys":7012,"content":7014,"title":7544,"synopsis":7545,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":7546,"slug":7547,"tagsCollection":7548,"authorsCollection":7556},{"id":7013},"7sZs2lHCTN8oYc2OIGCIQG",{"json":7015},{"data":7016,"content":7017,"nodeType":856},{},[7018,7025,7028,7036,7052,7059,7066,7072,7080,7087,7094,7100,7117,7123,7139,7147,7163,7170,7177,7180,7188,7204,7210,7228,7234,7242,7266,7273,7276,7284,7291,7297,7304,7322,7330,7346,7349,7357,7373,7380,7387,7405,7408,7416,7423,7430,7437,7443,7451,7467,7474,7491,7494,7502,7509,7516,7522,7528],{"data":7019,"content":7020,"nodeType":860},{},[7021],{"data":7022,"marks":7023,"value":7024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The headline finding getting the most airtime in 2026 is that vulnerability exploitation has overtaken credential abuse as the top single initial access vector, jumping to 31% from 20% the year before. The vulnerability management crisis driving this statistic is one of the most important stories in this year's data. But reading it as evidence that identity threats are receding would be a mistake, because the DBIR's own data tells a more complicated and more useful story when you look at the full picture.",{"data":7026,"content":7027,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7029,"content":7030,"nodeType":1009},{},[7031],{"data":7032,"marks":7033,"value":7035,"nodeType":864},{},[7034],{"type":899},"Vulnerability exploitation has caught up with identity — not replaced it",{"data":7037,"content":7038,"nodeType":860},{},[7039,7043,7048],{"data":7040,"marks":7041,"value":7042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's headline comparison pits vulnerability exploitation (31%) against credential abuse (13%) as individual vectors. That comparison is accurate but incomplete, because the DBIR tracks identity-related initial access across ",{"data":7044,"marks":7045,"value":7047,"nodeType":864},{},[7046],{"type":899},"three",{"data":7049,"marks":7050,"value":7051,"nodeType":864},{},[]," separate categories: phishing (16%), credential abuse (13%), and pretexting (6%). Before interpreting those numbers, there's a methodological wrinkle worth understanding.",{"data":7053,"content":7054,"nodeType":860},{},[7055],{"data":7056,"marks":7057,"value":7058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This year's report added pretexting as a newly tracked initial access vector, reclassifying some incidents previously counted as credential abuse. The DBIR is transparent about the effect: without that change, credential abuse would have been 16% rather than 13%. On an apples-to-apples basis, identity-related initial access (phishing 16% + credential abuse 16%) comes to 32% — versus 31% for vulnerability exploitation.",{"data":7060,"content":7061,"nodeType":860},{},[7062],{"data":7063,"marks":7064,"value":7065,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be precise about what moved: phishing held roughly flat year over year, but credential abuse saw a modest decline even on the adjusted basis (from 22% to 16%). Overall, the identity picture is broadly stable. The reason the two categories have converged is that vulnerability exploitation surged 55%, not that identity attacks meaningfully receded.",{"data":7067,"content":7071,"nodeType":996},{"target":7068},{"sys":7069},{"id":7070,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5GvSsSY4R6X34ZBMidZ54X",[],{"data":7073,"content":7074,"nodeType":1312},{},[7075],{"data":7076,"marks":7077,"value":7079,"nodeType":864},{},[7078],{"type":899},"The taxonomy gap",{"data":7081,"content":7082,"nodeType":860},{},[7083],{"data":7084,"marks":7085,"value":7086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's also worth asking how much the DBIR's initial access taxonomy can tell us. The figure that everyone is citing — Figure 10 — is labelled \"select enumerations,\" and the four tracked vectors (vulnerability exploitation, phishing, credential abuse, pretexting) add up to only 66% of initial access. A third of the picture isn't represented in the headline breakdown at all.",{"data":7088,"content":7089,"nodeType":860},{},[7090],{"data":7091,"marks":7092,"value":7093,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The cluster boundaries and where you draw them also changes the story. The DBIR classifies ClickFix under \"baiting\" — a category that covers malicious downloads and SEO poisoning — rather than phishing, even though the end goal is often the same: getting a user to execute something they shouldn't. Pretexting absorbed incidents that were previously credential abuse, shifting the numbers between categories. These are useful analytical clusters, but they aren't clean divisions of a neatly partitioned attack surface.",{"data":7095,"content":7099,"nodeType":996},{"target":7096},{"sys":7097},{"id":7098,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7t6ZcHDycaPOyLstX4r8zl",[],{"data":7101,"content":7102,"nodeType":860},{},[7103,7107,7114],{"data":7104,"marks":7105,"value":7106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are identity attacks at scale, and it isn't clear where — or whether — they show up in the DBIR's initial access vectors. This lack of depth in identity and in-browser attack vectors is common in many defensive models, which is why we've created our own ",{"data":7108,"content":7109,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6586},[7110],{"data":7111,"marks":7112,"value":7113,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser and Identity Attacks Matrix",{"data":7115,"marks":7116,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7118,"content":7122,"nodeType":996},{"target":7119},{"sys":7120},{"id":7121,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"53U3LHhhHFYnEpShdLmDqs",[],{"data":7124,"content":7125,"nodeType":860},{},[7126,7130,7135],{"data":7127,"marks":7128,"value":7129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That convergence at initial access also understates the role credentials play across full breach chains. The DBIR states plainly that credential abuse at any point in the breach progression — not just as the first action — appears in ",{"data":7131,"marks":7132,"value":7134,"nodeType":864},{},[7133],{"type":899},"39% of all breaches",{"data":7136,"marks":7137,"value":7138,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making it the single most pervasive technique in the dataset. Credentials don't just open the front door; they unlock lateral movement, privilege escalation, and persistence throughout the attack chain.",{"data":7140,"content":7141,"nodeType":1312},{},[7142],{"data":7143,"marks":7144,"value":7146,"nodeType":864},{},[7145],{"type":899},"The vulnerability treadmill",{"data":7148,"content":7149,"nodeType":860},{},[7150,7154,7159],{"data":7151,"marks":7152,"value":7153,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The vulnerability exploitation surge itself is driven by a structural capacity crisis rather than a shift in attacker preference. Edge devices and VPNs now account for 22% of vulnerability-exploitation breaches, up from 3% the prior year — a ",{"data":7155,"marks":7156,"value":7158,"nodeType":864},{},[7157],{"type":2246},"sevenfold",{"data":7160,"marks":7161,"value":7162,"nodeType":864},{},[]," increase. Organizations face 50% more CISA KEV vulnerabilities to remediate than a year ago, median remediation time has increased from 32 to 43 days, and the volume of vulnerability records in the dataset has grown roughly eightfold.",{"data":7164,"content":7165,"nodeType":860},{},[7166],{"data":7167,"marks":7168,"value":7169,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This trend was already visible in last year's DBIR, when vulnerability exploitation jumped from 15% to 20%. AI-assisted exploit development may be compounding the problem — the DBIR's own data shows 32% of AI-assisted initial access targeting vulnerability exploitation — but the structural capacity crisis was accelerating well before AI became a meaningful factor in the attacker toolkit.",{"data":7171,"content":7172,"nodeType":860},{},[7173],{"data":7174,"marks":7175,"value":7176,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The vulnerability treadmill is accelerating, and the DBIR's remediation data shows defenders losing ground. But this is an additive problem, not a substitution. Both attack surfaces are growing. ",{"data":7178,"content":7179,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7181,"content":7182,"nodeType":1009},{},[7183],{"data":7184,"marks":7185,"value":7187,"nodeType":864},{},[7186],{"type":899},"Phishing has left the inbox",{"data":7189,"content":7190,"nodeType":860},{},[7191,7195,7200],{"data":7192,"marks":7193,"value":7194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"41% percent of social engineering breaches now involve vectors other than email, with approximately a quarter coming from social media or phone-based channels. Voice phishing simulations show a ",{"data":7196,"marks":7197,"value":7199,"nodeType":864},{},[7198],{"type":899},"40% higher success rate",{"data":7201,"marks":7202,"value":7203,"nodeType":864},{},[]," than email phishing — a median click rate of 2% versus 1.4%.",{"data":7205,"content":7209,"nodeType":996},{"target":7206},{"sys":7207},{"id":7208,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7pK8qqIDDNmHmJmlcybNoe",[],{"data":7211,"content":7212,"nodeType":860},{},[7213,7217,7224],{"data":7214,"marks":7215,"value":7216,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even within the email channel, the data confirms what ",{"data":7218,"content":7219,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5717},[7220],{"data":7221,"marks":7222,"value":7223,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser-level detection data has been showing",{"data":7225,"marks":7226,"value":7227,"nodeType":864},{},[],": credential harvesting dominates. The DBIR's email security gateway breakdown shows 80% of blocked attacks are credential or session phishing, with only 10% involving malware delivery, 5% callback phishing, and 3% BEC. If you're running an email security gateway, the vast majority of what it catches is credential phishing — and 41% of social engineering is arriving through channels it can't see at all.",{"data":7229,"content":7233,"nodeType":996},{"target":7230},{"sys":7231},{"id":7232,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6CvwzQA3gJ8B3RFzLrH7Kp",[],{"data":7235,"content":7236,"nodeType":1312},{},[7237],{"data":7238,"marks":7239,"value":7241,"nodeType":864},{},[7240],{"type":899},"The ClickFix detection gap",{"data":7243,"content":7244,"nodeType":860},{},[7245,7249,7257,7261],{"data":7246,"marks":7247,"value":7248,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR reports ClickFix at only 2.7% of attacks detected at the browser level. For context, ",{"data":7250,"content":7252,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7251},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection/",[7253],{"data":7254,"marks":7255,"value":7256,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CrowdStrike reported a 563% increase in ClickFix lures",{"data":7258,"marks":7259,"value":7260,"nodeType":864},{},[]," over the same period and Microsoft identified it as the most common initial access point at 47% of observed attacks. Push's own data shows ClickFix at a significantly higher proportion of browser-level detections, ",{"data":7262,"marks":7263,"value":7265,"nodeType":864},{},[7264],{"type":899},"with 4 in 5 delivered via search engines specifically.",{"data":7267,"content":7268,"nodeType":860},{},[7269],{"data":7270,"marks":7271,"value":7272,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gap is striking, and the most likely explanation is a visibility one. ClickFix attacks result in a malware download or script execution on the endpoint — and without browser-layer context, that execution looks like any other malware delivery. If a contributing organization doesn't have visibility into the browser session that preceded the payload, they'd attribute the incident to \"malware download\" or \"user execution\" rather than ClickFix specifically. The DBIR's 2.7% probably reflects how often contributors could trace the chain back to a ClickFix page, not how often ClickFix was actually the delivery mechanism.",{"data":7274,"content":7275,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7277,"content":7278,"nodeType":1009},{},[7279],{"data":7280,"marks":7281,"value":7283,"nodeType":864},{},[7282],{"type":899},"Stolen credentials are the ransomware on-ramp",{"data":7285,"content":7286,"nodeType":860},{},[7287],{"data":7288,"marks":7289,"value":7290,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the most powerful findings in this year's DBIR is the quantification of the relationship between credential compromise and ransomware outcomes. Fifty percent of ransomware victims had a credential or infostealer event occur within 95 days prior to the ransomware attack, drawing a causal line from credential theft to ransomware deployment.",{"data":7292,"content":7296,"nodeType":996},{"target":7293},{"sys":7294},{"id":7295,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ZwG5UiweFR4fYiDaxJJDm",[],{"data":7298,"content":7299,"nodeType":860},{},[7300],{"data":7301,"marks":7302,"value":7303,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The infostealer supply chain data reinforces the picture. Infostealers are surfacing an average of 2,362 breached corporate credentials per month from organizational email domains in stealer log datasets, and 54% of devices in Initial Access Broker logs had at least one infostealer installed. The 95-day median window is consistent with the known timeline from credential harvest to ransomware deployment.",{"data":7305,"content":7306,"nodeType":860},{},[7307,7311,7318],{"data":7308,"marks":7309,"value":7310,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That timeline reinforces an argument we've been making about ",{"data":7312,"content":7313,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},[7314],{"data":7315,"marks":7316,"value":7317,"nodeType":864},{},[],"where the intervention point needs to be",{"data":7319,"marks":7320,"value":7321,"nodeType":864},{},[],": detecting credential compromise upstream — at the point of credential entry, session creation, or stolen credential reuse — rather than waiting for the ransomware deployment that follows weeks or months later.",{"data":7323,"content":7324,"nodeType":1312},{},[7325],{"data":7326,"marks":7327,"value":7329,"nodeType":864},{},[7328],{"type":899},"Post-compromise tradecraft is shifting",{"data":7331,"content":7332,"nodeType":860},{},[7333,7337,7342],{"data":7334,"marks":7335,"value":7336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's post-compromise data adds another dimension. RMM tool abuse by threat actors showed a ",{"data":7338,"marks":7339,"value":7341,"nodeType":864},{},[7340],{"type":899},"240% increase",{"data":7343,"marks":7344,"value":7345,"nodeType":864},{},[]," over the prior year, while traditional backdoor and C2 malware usage fell 27%. Attackers are increasingly living off the land with the same remote access tools IT teams use. Post-compromise detection is getting harder, which makes catching the initial credential compromise upstream that much more valuable.",{"data":7347,"content":7348,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7350,"content":7351,"nodeType":1009},{},[7352],{"data":7353,"marks":7354,"value":7356,"nodeType":864},{},[7355],{"type":899},"Your vendors are half the problem",{"data":7358,"content":7359,"nodeType":860},{},[7360,7364,7369],{"data":7361,"marks":7362,"value":7363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Third-party involvement in breaches reached ",{"data":7365,"marks":7366,"value":7368,"nodeType":864},{},[7367],{"type":899},"48%",{"data":7370,"marks":7371,"value":7372,"nodeType":864},{},[]," this year, up from 30% — a 60% increase that follows a prior year where the figure had already doubled.",{"data":7374,"content":7375,"nodeType":860},{},[7376],{"data":7377,"marks":7378,"value":7379,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's root cause analysis maps directly to identity security: insecure authentication — absent MFA, improper credential rotation — and lack of least privilege enforcement account for a substantial share of cloud-based third-party incidents. Only 23% of third-party organizations fully remediated missing or improperly secured MFA on cloud accounts, and weak password and permission misconfigurations took a median of 8 months to resolve 50% of findings.",{"data":7381,"content":7382,"nodeType":860},{},[7383],{"data":7384,"marks":7385,"value":7386,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Eight months. That's the median timeline for third-party vendors to resolve the identity hygiene issues that create the attack surface in their environments — environments that your data lives in.",{"data":7388,"content":7389,"nodeType":860},{},[7390,7394,7401],{"data":7391,"marks":7392,"value":7393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Extend that posture gap across every vendor and third-party integration, and you start to see why the third-party breach figure keeps climbing. Visibility into ",{"data":7395,"content":7396,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},[7397],{"data":7398,"marks":7399,"value":7400,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OAuth consent flows and third-party integration sprawl",{"data":7402,"marks":7403,"value":7404,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the starting point for getting ahead of a supply chain problem that is structurally getting worse.",{"data":7406,"content":7407,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7409,"content":7410,"nodeType":1009},{},[7411],{"data":7412,"marks":7413,"value":7415,"nodeType":864},{},[7414],{"type":899},"AI is scaling known techniques — and creating new blind spots from the inside",{"data":7417,"content":7418,"nodeType":860},{},[7419],{"data":7420,"marks":7421,"value":7422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's AI analysis this year is grounded in a collaboration with Anthropic covering 793 threat actors who received enforcement action for violating acceptable use policy between March 2025 and February 2026. The findings are measured rather than alarmist: in the median case, actors sought AI assistance across about 15 distinct ATT&CK techniques, 44% of AI-assisted initial access was phishing-related, and less than 2.5% of techniques observed were classified as rare.",{"data":7424,"content":7425,"nodeType":860},{},[7426],{"data":7427,"marks":7428,"value":7429,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI is currently an operational tool for attackers — automating and scaling known techniques rather than unlocking novel ones. Despite heavy AI-assisted focus on phishing, the DBIR's own incident dataset shows phishing as an initial access vector has barely changed year over year — suggesting AI may be uplifting less-experienced attackers to a higher baseline of lure quality without meaningfully increasing success rates against organizations that already have detection in place.",{"data":7431,"content":7432,"nodeType":860},{},[7433],{"data":7434,"marks":7435,"value":7436,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The more concerning number is the 32% of AI-assisted initial access targeting vulnerability exploitation — compounding the patching capacity crisis discussed earlier in a trend that was already accelerating before AI entered the picture.",{"data":7438,"content":7442,"nodeType":996},{"target":7439},{"sys":7440},{"id":7441,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4bFTnVx1SXMQzZSaICCJOn",[],{"data":7444,"content":7445,"nodeType":1312},{},[7446],{"data":7447,"marks":7448,"value":7450,"nodeType":864},{},[7449],{"type":899},"Shadow AI is the bigger problem",{"data":7452,"content":7453,"nodeType":860},{},[7454,7458,7463],{"data":7455,"marks":7456,"value":7457,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The sharper AI risk for most organizations, though, is internal. Forty-five percent of employees are now regular AI users on corporate devices — up from 15%, a threefold increase — and ",{"data":7459,"marks":7460,"value":7462,"nodeType":864},{},[7461],{"type":899},"67% of them use non-corporate accounts",{"data":7464,"marks":7465,"value":7466,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Shadow AI has become the third most common non-malicious insider action in DLP data, a fourfold increase over the prior year, with source code as the leading data type submitted to unauthorized AI platforms by a wide margin.",{"data":7468,"content":7469,"nodeType":860},{},[7470],{"data":7471,"marks":7472,"value":7473,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser extension angle is particularly relevant. More than 15% of users had unauthorized AI browser extensions installed, and the DBIR specifically notes that these extensions collect and retain browsing context from internal sites — creating a data exfiltration pathway that operates independently of traditional DLP controls.",{"data":7475,"content":7476,"nodeType":860},{},[7477,7481,7488],{"data":7478,"marks":7479,"value":7480,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is moving faster than any previous shadow IT wave, and the data loss vector is the browser — where users interact with AI tools, where extensions collect context, and where OAuth consent grants connect AI services to corporate data. Visibility and control at that layer isn't a nice-to-have for AI governance; ",{"data":7482,"content":7483,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6842},[7484],{"data":7485,"marks":7486,"value":7487,"nodeType":864},{},[],"it's the minimum viable starting point",{"data":7489,"marks":7490,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7492,"content":7493,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7495,"content":7496,"nodeType":1009},{},[7497],{"data":7498,"marks":7499,"value":7501,"nodeType":864},{},[7500],{"type":899},"What this means for defenders",{"data":7503,"content":7504,"nodeType":860},{},[7505],{"data":7506,"marks":7507,"value":7508,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's 2026 data paints a picture of converging pressures rather than shifting priorities. Vulnerability exploitation surged, but identity-related initial access is broadly stable and credential abuse at 39% across full breach chains remains the single most pervasive technique in the dataset. Phishing is arriving through channels that email gateways can't see. The infostealer-to-ransomware pipeline now has longitudinal data behind it. Third-party involvement keeps climbing because vendor identity hygiene takes months to remediate. And shadow AI is creating data exposure pathways that most security stacks weren't designed to see.",{"data":7510,"content":7511,"nodeType":860},{},[7512],{"data":7513,"marks":7514,"value":7515,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The common thread across all of these findings is that the browser — where credentials are entered, sessions are created, OAuth consent is granted, AI tools are accessed, and extensions collect data — is the layer where these risks converge and where defenders need visibility and control if they're going to address them at the point of risk rather than after the 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The majority of all reported breaches now originate in the browser and attacker tradecraft in this space is advancing at an unprecedented rate thanks to AI. These risks warrant the strongest form of defense. Here are three reasons that “good enough” solutions don't give you that:",{"data":9410,"content":9411,"nodeType":1312},{},[9412],{"data":9413,"marks":9414,"value":9416,"nodeType":864},{},[9415],{"type":899},"1. Most platform browser solutions were built for the wrong problems",{"data":9418,"content":9419,"nodeType":860},{},[9420,9423,9432,9436,9444,9448,9456,9460,9467],{"data":9421,"marks":9422,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9424,"content":9426,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9425},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/resources/infographics/identity-security-risk-review/",[9427],{"data":9428,"marks":9429,"value":9431,"nodeType":864},{},[9430],{"type":1455},"CrowdStrike's own research",{"data":9433,"marks":9434,"value":9435,"nodeType":864},{},[]," puts identity involvement in 80% of all modern breaches. Identity weaknesses played a material role in ",{"data":9437,"content":9439,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9438},"https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit-42-incident-response-report",[9440],{"data":9441,"marks":9442,"value":9443,"nodeType":864},{},[],"almost 90% of Unit 42 incident response investigations",{"data":9445,"marks":9446,"value":9447,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The breaches making headlines — 2024's ",{"data":9449,"content":9451,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9450},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro",[9452],{"data":9453,"marks":9454,"value":9455,"nodeType":864},{},[],"mass Snowflake account compromises",{"data":9457,"marks":9458,"value":9459,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 2025's wave of Salesforce-targeted attacks, and 2026's ",{"data":9461,"content":9462,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4082},[9463],{"data":9464,"marks":9465,"value":9466,"nodeType":864},{},[],"continued spree of data theft and extortion",{"data":9468,"marks":9469,"value":9470,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — all trace back to identity weaknesses exploited through the browser: credentials stuffed into login pages that lacked MFA, session tokens hijacked via AiTM phishing, OAuth consent abused to grant persistent access, and device code flows manipulated to bypass authentication entirely. ",{"data":9472,"content":9473,"nodeType":860},{},[9474],{"data":9475,"marks":9476,"value":9477,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yet Seraphic was built for browser runtime exploit prevention, SquareX for file-based malware sandboxing, LayerX for access governance and AI usage policy. These are real use cases, but they're not the use cases behind headline breaches. If your browser security solution checks a box for \"phishing protection\" but can't detect the identity attack techniques that are actually being industrialized and deployed at scale, you have a gap — and the danger is that you don't know it's there.",{"data":9479,"content":9480,"nodeType":1312},{},[9481],{"data":9482,"marks":9483,"value":9485,"nodeType":864},{},[9484],{"type":899},"2. Even solutions claiming the right capabilities often deliver them superficially",{"data":9487,"content":9488,"nodeType":860},{},[9489],{"data":9490,"marks":9491,"value":9492,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every browser security vendor claims phishing detection, ClickFix protection, and session security. What varies enormously is whether those capabilities work against real, live, never-before-seen attacker infrastructure — or only against known-bad indicators that attackers rotate in minutes. 95% of in-browser attacks detected by Push used bot protection to evade blocklists; 89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days. ",{"data":9494,"content":9495,"nodeType":860},{},[9496],{"data":9497,"marks":9498,"value":9499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A solution that appears comprehensive in a demo or PoV may leave significant gaps when tested against adversaries who understand exactly how security tools work and actively engineer around them. ",{"data":9501,"content":9502,"nodeType":1312},{},[9503],{"data":9504,"marks":9505,"value":9507,"nodeType":864},{},[9506],{"type":899},"3. AI is only going to widen the gap between \"good enough\" and what you need",{"data":9509,"content":9510,"nodeType":860},{},[9511],{"data":9512,"marks":9513,"value":9514,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a browser security product is acquired, engineering effort turns inwards towards integration with the parent platform, not advancing detection capability. ",{"data":9516,"content":9517,"nodeType":860},{},[9518],{"data":9519,"marks":9520,"value":9521,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That dynamic plays out differently for each acquisition, but in Seraphic's case it is expected to be particularly heightened. Seraphic works by injecting an agent into the browser's JavaScript runtime. This is the same approach antivirus vendors have used for years, with well-documented stability consequences. Stability is now a top priority for CrowdStrike, which means the Seraphic integration will proceed cautiously. For buyers, that translates directly into slower capability advancement, not faster.",{"data":9523,"content":9524,"nodeType":860},{},[9525,9529,9537],{"data":9526,"marks":9527,"value":9528,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But this is no time for engineering efforts to turn inward, as the threat landscape continues to evolve at an unprecedented rate. You only need to look at the rise of techniques like device code phishing, which have gone from ",{"data":9530,"content":9531,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[9532],{"data":9533,"marks":9534,"value":9536,"nodeType":864},{},[9535],{"type":1455},"research curiosity to industrialized exploitation",{"data":9538,"marks":9539,"value":9540,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in a matter of months — in large part enabled by AI-powered tools and AI-assisted development. Similarly, AI has compressed the time to generate a convincing phishing campaign from hours to minutes. ",{"data":9542,"content":9543,"nodeType":860},{},[9544,9548,9555,9559,9568],{"data":9545,"marks":9546,"value":9547,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But it's not only external threats: ",{"data":9549,"content":9550,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[9551],{"data":9552,"marks":9553,"value":9554,"nodeType":864},{},[],"92% of organizations allow employees to use public GenAI applications",{"data":9556,"marks":9557,"value":9558,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — every one of them with unsanctioned AI use occurring by design — employees are routinely entering sensitive data into unapproved AI tools, and ",{"data":9560,"content":9562,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9561},"https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-08-26-gartner-predicts-40-percent-of-enterprise-apps-will-feature-task-specific-ai-agents-by-2026-up-from-less-than-5-percent-in-2025",[9563],{"data":9564,"marks":9565,"value":9567,"nodeType":864},{},[9566],{"type":1455},"Gartner predicts",{"data":9569,"marks":9570,"value":9571,"nodeType":864},{},[]," 40% of enterprise applications will feature AI agents by end of 2026, up from under 5% in 2025. ",{"data":9573,"content":9574,"nodeType":860},{},[9575],{"data":9576,"marks":9577,"value":9578,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gap between an acquired product focused on integration and vendors whose single-minded focus is on stopping these emerging threats will continue to widen over time.",{"data":9580,"content":9581,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":9583,"content":9584,"nodeType":1009},{},[9585],{"data":9586,"marks":9587,"value":9589,"nodeType":864},{},[9588],{"type":899},"How to identify a genuinely best-of-breed solution",{"data":9591,"content":9592,"nodeType":1312},{},[9593],{"data":9594,"marks":9595,"value":9597,"nodeType":864},{},[9596],{"type":899},"Start from your own requirements",{"data":9599,"content":9600,"nodeType":860},{},[9601,9605,9612],{"data":9602,"marks":9603,"value":9604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Define the outcomes you need before speaking to any vendor. The ",{"data":9606,"content":9607,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5717},[9608],{"data":9609,"marks":9610,"value":9611,"nodeType":864},{},[],"highest-value browser security use cases",{"data":9613,"marks":9614,"value":9615,"nodeType":864},{},[]," are account takeover prevention, advanced phishing detection, identity posture hardening, browser extension security, and shadow SaaS and OAuth governance.",{"data":9617,"content":9618,"nodeType":1312},{},[9619],{"data":9620,"marks":9621,"value":9623,"nodeType":864},{},[9622],{"type":899},"Understand how it detects, not just what it claims",{"data":9625,"content":9626,"nodeType":860},{},[9627,9631,9640],{"data":9628,"marks":9629,"value":9630,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most solutions rely on IoCs — matching known-bad domains, URLs, and IPs against feeds that attackers rotate in minutes.  There’s a major shortcoming with this approach, though: attackers rotate infrastructure faster than any blocklist updates and use bot protection to stay off threat intelligence feeds, making every attack feel ",{"data":9632,"content":9634,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9633},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-most-phishing-attacks-feel-like-a-zero-day/",[9635],{"data":9636,"marks":9637,"value":9639,"nodeType":864},{},[9638],{"type":1455},"like a zero-day",{"data":9641,"marks":9642,"value":9643,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The only approach that reliably works is TTP-based behavioral detection. Ask every vendor: are you detecting a known-bad indicator or a behavioral technique?",{"data":9645,"content":9646,"nodeType":1312},{},[9647],{"data":9648,"marks":9649,"value":9651,"nodeType":864},{},[9650],{"type":899},"Test against real attacker behavior",{"data":9653,"content":9654,"nodeType":860},{},[9655],{"data":9656,"marks":9657,"value":9658,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Don't evaluate phishing detection with old phishing URLs. By the time you’re running these tests their IoCs will already be on block-lists (see point above). Instead, deploy realistic testing scenarios and look for demonstrable evidence of stopping real-world phishing kits — Evilginx, Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, and so on. ",{"data":9660,"content":9661,"nodeType":1312},{},[9662],{"data":9663,"marks":9664,"value":9666,"nodeType":864},{},[9665],{"type":899},"Assess innovation velocity",{"data":9668,"content":9669,"nodeType":860},{},[9670],{"data":9671,"marks":9672,"value":9673,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ask every vendor about their research output and feature release history over the past six months — are they discovering and publishing novel attack techniques, or covering what others already documented? Are new detections shipping continuously, or in quarterly cycles? For acquired products specifically, also ask how the roadmap has changed since acquisition. ",{"data":9675,"content":9676,"nodeType":1312},{},[9677],{"data":9678,"marks":9679,"value":9681,"nodeType":864},{},[9680],{"type":899},"Consider operationalization, vendor focus, and lock-in",{"data":9683,"content":9684,"nodeType":860},{},[9685],{"data":9686,"marks":9687,"value":9688,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many solutions demo well but create significant overhead at scale. Consider whether you want another agent on endpoints, and whether you have the resources to tune granular policies without drowning in false positives. Your requirements might not carry the same weight with a platform vendor with tens of thousands of customers across multiple product lines, versus a dedicated vendor whose entire roadmap exists to solve your problem. And factor in lock-in: every capability consolidated into an existing platform vendor reduces your ability to change direction later.",{"data":9690,"content":9691,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":9693,"content":9694,"nodeType":1009},{},[9695],{"data":9696,"marks":9697,"value":9699,"nodeType":864},{},[9698],{"type":899},"Why Push is the best-of-breed browser security solution",{"data":9701,"content":9702,"nodeType":860},{},[9703],{"data":9704,"marks":9705,"value":9706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Think of Push as EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. Here’s why customers choose Push as a best-of-breed solution:",{"data":9708,"content":9709,"nodeType":1312},{},[9710,9715],{"data":9711,"marks":9712,"value":9714,"nodeType":864},{},[9713],{"type":899},"Push is built for the security problems that actually cause breaches",{"data":9716,"marks":9717,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9719,"content":9720,"nodeType":860},{},[9721,9725,9732],{"data":9722,"marks":9723,"value":9724,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The highest-value browser security problems — account takeover prevention, advanced phishing detection, identity posture hardening, browser extension security, shadow SaaS and OAuth governance — all require visibility inside the browser session. Push was built from the ground up for exactly that. The same foundational capability that detects AiTM phishing and ClickFix attacks also surfaces the exposure most security teams don't know they have: ",{"data":9726,"content":9727,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5521},[9728],{"data":9729,"marks":9730,"value":9731,"nodeType":864},{},[],"across Push's customer base",{"data":9733,"marks":9734,"value":9735,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 1 in 4 logins use passwords rather than SSO, 2 in 5 are unprotected by MFA, and 46.76% of browser extensions carry permissions sufficient to perform account takeover — none of it visible from the endpoint, network, or email layer.",{"data":9737,"content":9738,"nodeType":1312},{},[9739],{"data":9740,"marks":9741,"value":9743,"nodeType":864},{},[9742],{"type":899},"Push detects high-fidelity attacker TTPs, not low-level IoCs",{"data":9745,"content":9746,"nodeType":860},{},[9747],{"data":9748,"marks":9749,"value":9750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's browser extension operates as a flight recorder inside the session, capturing every page load, credential submission, OAuth consent flow, and user action in real time. That telemetry surfaces attacker behavior — the page structure and script signatures of AiTM kits, the clipboard mechanics of ClickFix, the OAuth flow characteristics of ConsentFix — rather than infrastructure indicators that attackers rotate in minutes. This is how Push intercepts “zero-day” phishing using fresh infrastructure and domains every time, while most solutions are stuck playing known-bad whac-a-mole. ",{"data":9752,"content":9756,"nodeType":996},{"target":9753},{"sys":9754},{"id":9755,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ho5gOHl1loo9Jtv9nPoq1",[],{"data":9758,"content":9759,"nodeType":1312},{},[9760],{"data":9761,"marks":9762,"value":9764,"nodeType":864},{},[9763],{"type":899},"Push’s research and agentic threat hunting keeps you ahead of attacker innovation",{"data":9766,"content":9767,"nodeType":860},{},[9768,9772,9778,9781,9788,9792,9798],{"data":9769,"marks":9770,"value":9771,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push named ",{"data":9773,"content":9774,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5853},[9775],{"data":9776,"marks":9777,"value":5858,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9779,"marks":9780,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9782,"content":9783,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6756},[9784],{"data":9785,"marks":9786,"value":9787,"nodeType":864},{},[],"InstallFix",{"data":9789,"marks":9790,"value":9791,"nodeType":864},{},[]," before any other vendor detected either in production. That research feeds an ",{"data":9793,"content":9794,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5895},[9795],{"data":9796,"marks":9797,"value":5900,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9799,"marks":9800,"value":9801,"nodeType":864},{},[]," built on two learning loops — an inner loop for real-time detection of known techniques, and an outer loop where autonomous agents continuously hunt across 3 million deployed browsers for emerging threats, writing new detections and deploying them to customer environments in minutes. ",{"data":9803,"content":9807,"nodeType":996},{"target":9804},{"sys":9805},{"id":9806,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"17y3jchoPysKQTf2ra59Bv",[],{"data":9809,"content":9810,"nodeType":1312},{},[9811],{"data":9812,"marks":9813,"value":9815,"nodeType":864},{},[9814],{"type":899},"Push solves more use cases than just stopping advanced attacks",{"data":9817,"content":9818,"nodeType":860},{},[9819,9823,9830],{"data":9820,"marks":9821,"value":9822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses the same browser-layer visibility to surface every AI tool, agentic browser, extension, and OAuth integration in use across the organization — and enforce policy on what employees can do inside them in real time, including unsanctioned tools no other layer sees. The same technical capabilities provided by Push also harden the identity attack surface, prevent data loss, accelerate insider investigations, and let security teams write custom detections and policies for organization-specific risks. One extension, one deployment, ",{"data":9824,"content":9825,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5717},[9826],{"data":9827,"marks":9828,"value":9829,"nodeType":864},{},[],"multiple high-value use cases",{"data":9831,"marks":9832,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9834,"content":9835,"nodeType":1312},{},[9836],{"data":9837,"marks":9838,"value":9840,"nodeType":864},{},[9839],{"type":899},"Push is built to be operationalized at scale, not just demoed",{"data":9842,"content":9843,"nodeType":860},{},[9844,9848,9855],{"data":9845,"marks":9846,"value":9847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push deploys to ",{"data":9849,"content":9850,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5827},[9851],{"data":9852,"marks":9853,"value":9854,"nodeType":864},{},[],"100,000 users in under one hour on a normal workday",{"data":9856,"marks":9857,"value":9858,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — no migration overhead or performance impact. The false positive rate is negligible, meaning no alert noise and no policy tuning overhead. And because Push is independent, it integrates into open ecosystems — feeding browser-layer telemetry into your SIEM, XDR, SOAR, and identity tools alongside the rest of your stack, without adding to your platform lock-in.",{"data":9860,"content":9861,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":9863,"content":9864,"nodeType":1009},{},[9865],{"data":9866,"marks":9867,"value":9869,"nodeType":864},{},[9868],{"type":899},"Final thoughts",{"data":9871,"content":9872,"nodeType":860},{},[9873],{"data":9874,"marks":9875,"value":9876,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Three acquisitions in five months is a strong market signal, but a strong market signal about vendor interest in a category is not the same thing as a strong signal about capability. The attacker techniques and tooling behind breaches in 2026 are evolving faster than any acquired product with split engineering priorities can reasonably track. ",{"data":9878,"content":9879,"nodeType":860},{},[9880],{"data":9881,"marks":9882,"value":9883,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security buyers who accept a bundled browser solution because it is included in an existing contract are making a procurement decision, not a security decision. The threats in the browser are serious and sophisticated enough to justify the investment in a tool built to stop them. If you agree, Push is worth a serious look.",{"data":9885,"content":9886,"nodeType":860},{},[9887,9890,9897],{"data":9888,"marks":9889,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9891,"content":9892,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[9893],{"data":9894,"marks":9895,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[9896],{"type":1455},{"data":9898,"marks":9899,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why \"good enough\" isn’t enough: the case for best-of-breed browser security","Why \"good enough\" isn’t enough when it comes to browser security, and a best-of-breed approach is needed to tackle emerging threats.","2026-05-19T00:00:00.000Z","the-case-for-best-of-breed-browser-security",{"items":9905},[9906,9908],{"sys":9907,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":9909,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"items":9911},[9912],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":9913},{"url":4881},{"__typename":2059,"sys":9915,"content":9917,"title":10683,"synopsis":10684,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":10685,"slug":10686,"tagsCollection":10687,"authorsCollection":10693},{"id":9916},"2V130uMePtxAaefYQAKInb",{"json":9918},{"data":9919,"content":9920,"nodeType":856},{},[9921,9927,9934,9941,9948,9951,9959,9966,9978,9990,9996,10003,10006,10014,10021,10027,10034,10041,10149,10156,10159,10167,10174,10237,10253,10259,10266,10269,10277,10284,10292,10299,10306,10337,10344,10352,10359,10366,10373,10381,10388,10395,10402,10405,10413,10425,10432,10439,10447,10454,10461,10469,10476,10539,10555,10573,10581,10588,10596,10603,10610,10617,10623,10631,10638,10645,10650,10657,10664,10671,10677],{"data":9922,"content":9926,"nodeType":996},{"target":9923},{"sys":9924},{"id":9925,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5CPZ96xixlhgh6oqQ2rfmO",[],{"data":9928,"content":9929,"nodeType":860},{},[9930],{"data":9931,"marks":9932,"value":9933,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a security team evaluates browser security solutions, they're usually asking the right question: “How do we protect our users as they work in the browser?”",{"data":9935,"content":9936,"nodeType":860},{},[9937],{"data":9938,"marks":9939,"value":9940,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the answer they get from many vendors is shaped by a fundamentally different threat model — one that treats the browser as a piece of software to be hardened against exploitation, rather than as the arena where your users’ identities get stolen.",{"data":9942,"content":9943,"nodeType":860},{},[9944],{"data":9945,"marks":9946,"value":9947,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This distinction has enormous consequences for your security posture and the return you can expect from your investment in a new solution.",{"data":9949,"content":9950,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":9952,"content":9953,"nodeType":1009},{},[9954],{"data":9955,"marks":9956,"value":9958,"nodeType":864},{},[9957],{"type":899},"Two different problems, dressed the same",{"data":9960,"content":9961,"nodeType":860},{},[9962],{"data":9963,"marks":9964,"value":9965,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When it comes to protecting users as they work in the browser, security tools typically fall into one of two camps:",{"data":9967,"content":9968,"nodeType":860},{},[9969,9974],{"data":9970,"marks":9971,"value":9973,"nodeType":864},{},[9972],{"type":899},"The first camp:",{"data":9975,"marks":9976,"value":9977,"nodeType":864},{},[]," represented by solutions like Seraphic (now CrowdStrike) — is built around the threat of attacking the browser itself. The architecture is designed to scramble the browser’s JavaScript runtime and prevent exploits from detonating and breaking out of the browser sandbox. This is browser hardening: defending the browser as software against exploitation by attackers who want to compromise the underlying device.",{"data":9979,"content":9980,"nodeType":860},{},[9981,9986],{"data":9982,"marks":9983,"value":9985,"nodeType":864},{},[9984],{"type":899},"The second camp:",{"data":9987,"marks":9988,"value":9989,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and the one Push Security occupies uniquely, focuses on what happens inside the browser when a user is working normally. Phishing pages harvesting credentials. Session tokens being stolen. Malicious OAuth applications being granted access through social engineering. Adversary-in-the-middle proxies intercepting authentication flows. These attacks don't exploit the browser. They exploit the human — and now agents — using it via the browser's legitimate capabilities (think of it as LOTL, browser edition).",{"data":9991,"content":9995,"nodeType":996},{"target":9992},{"sys":9993},{"id":9994,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5Kw2kSrL8u4VyslxK8HCtR",[],{"data":9997,"content":9998,"nodeType":860},{},[9999],{"data":10000,"marks":10001,"value":10002,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The question for any security team evaluating this space: which of these threat models presents the greatest risks to my organization?",{"data":10004,"content":10005,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":10007,"content":10008,"nodeType":1009},{},[10009],{"data":10010,"marks":10011,"value":10013,"nodeType":864},{},[10012],{"type":899},"How organizations are actually being breached",{"data":10015,"content":10016,"nodeType":860},{},[10017],{"data":10018,"marks":10019,"value":10020,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let's look at the major breach campaigns of the last three years without the marketing filter and a pattern emerges immediately. Scattered Spider and its successors breached MGM Resorts, Caesars, M&S, JLR, and Salesforce customers — not through browser exploits, but through social engineering, phishing and Adversary-in-the-Middle attacks that stole session tokens and SSO credentials. ",{"data":10022,"content":10026,"nodeType":996},{"target":10023},{"sys":10024},{"id":10025,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2qIMTiyyIsQFAyGJ9Ikyej",[],{"data":10028,"content":10029,"nodeType":860},{},[10030],{"data":10031,"marks":10032,"value":10033,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In every case, the attack happened in the browser — using stolen identities to log into legitimate cloud services — not on the browser through exploitation of the browser engine itself.",{"data":10035,"content":10036,"nodeType":860},{},[10037],{"data":10038,"marks":10039,"value":10040,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The data from major threat intelligence sources is unambiguous:",{"data":10042,"content":10043,"nodeType":941},{},[10044,10062,10081,10100,10119,10134],{"data":10045,"content":10046,"nodeType":945},{},[10047],{"data":10048,"content":10049,"nodeType":860},{},[10050,10054,10058],{"data":10051,"marks":10052,"value":10053,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity weaknesses played a material role in ",{"data":10055,"marks":10056,"value":9443,"nodeType":864},{},[10057],{"type":899},{"data":10059,"marks":10060,"value":10061,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 IR Report)",{"data":10063,"content":10064,"nodeType":945},{},[10065],{"data":10066,"content":10067,"nodeType":860},{},[10068,10072,10077],{"data":10069,"marks":10070,"value":10071,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credential abuse and phishing combined accounted for ",{"data":10073,"marks":10074,"value":10076,"nodeType":864},{},[10075],{"type":899},"38% of all breaches",{"data":10078,"marks":10079,"value":10080,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making identity the single largest breach vector (Verizon DBIR 2025)",{"data":10082,"content":10083,"nodeType":945},{},[10084],{"data":10085,"content":10086,"nodeType":860},{},[10087,10091,10096],{"data":10088,"marks":10089,"value":10090,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloud-conscious intrusions — attackers using stolen identities to access cloud services — rose ",{"data":10092,"marks":10093,"value":10095,"nodeType":864},{},[10094],{"type":899},"37% in 2025",{"data":10097,"marks":10098,"value":10099,"nodeType":864},{},[],", up 266% among state-nexus actors (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report)",{"data":10101,"content":10102,"nodeType":945},{},[10103],{"data":10104,"content":10105,"nodeType":860},{},[10106,10110,10115],{"data":10107,"marks":10108,"value":10109,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In cloud-related incidents, identity issues drove initial access in ",{"data":10111,"marks":10112,"value":10114,"nodeType":864},{},[10113],{"type":899},"83% of cases",{"data":10116,"marks":10117,"value":10118,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (Mandiant / Google Cloud Threat Horizons H1 2026)",{"data":10120,"content":10121,"nodeType":945},{},[10122],{"data":10123,"content":10124,"nodeType":860},{},[10125,10130],{"data":10126,"marks":10127,"value":10129,"nodeType":864},{},[10128],{"type":899},"82% of attack detections are now malware-free",{"data":10131,"marks":10132,"value":10133,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — they don't touch the endpoint and abuse legitimate access and functionality (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report)",{"data":10135,"content":10136,"nodeType":945},{},[10137],{"data":10138,"content":10139,"nodeType":860},{},[10140,10145],{"data":10141,"marks":10142,"value":10144,"nodeType":864},{},[10143],{"type":899},"49% of organizations",{"data":10146,"marks":10147,"value":10148,"nodeType":864},{},[]," suffered a successful browser-based attack in the last 12 months (Omdia 2026)",{"data":10150,"content":10151,"nodeType":860},{},[10152],{"data":10153,"marks":10154,"value":10155,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These aren't edge cases. This is now the primary attack playbook.",{"data":10157,"content":10158,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":10160,"content":10161,"nodeType":1312},{},[10162],{"data":10163,"marks":10164,"value":10166,"nodeType":864},{},[10165],{"type":899},"The economics of attack choice",{"data":10168,"content":10169,"nodeType":860},{},[10170],{"data":10171,"marks":10172,"value":10173,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are rational actors. They pick the cheapest, most reliable path to their objective. The economics of browser exploitation versus identity theft tell the whole story:",{"data":10175,"content":10176,"nodeType":941},{},[10177,10192,10207,10222],{"data":10178,"content":10179,"nodeType":945},{},[10180],{"data":10181,"content":10182,"nodeType":860},{},[10183,10187],{"data":10184,"marks":10185,"value":10186,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Chrome sandbox RCE exploit (bug bounty value): ",{"data":10188,"marks":10189,"value":10191,"nodeType":864},{},[10190],{"type":899},"$250,000",{"data":10193,"content":10194,"nodeType":945},{},[10195],{"data":10196,"content":10197,"nodeType":860},{},[10198,10202],{"data":10199,"marks":10200,"value":10201,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IAB-provided IdP admin account: ",{"data":10203,"marks":10204,"value":10206,"nodeType":864},{},[10205],{"type":899},"~$3,000",{"data":10208,"content":10209,"nodeType":945},{},[10210],{"data":10211,"content":10212,"nodeType":860},{},[10213,10217],{"data":10214,"marks":10215,"value":10216,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1-year phishing kit rental (PhaaS): ",{"data":10218,"marks":10219,"value":10221,"nodeType":864},{},[10220],{"type":899},"~$1,000",{"data":10223,"content":10224,"nodeType":945},{},[10225],{"data":10226,"content":10227,"nodeType":860},{},[10228,10232],{"data":10229,"marks":10230,"value":10231,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Bulk stolen credential list: ",{"data":10233,"marks":10234,"value":10236,"nodeType":864},{},[10235],{"type":899},"~$15",{"data":10238,"content":10239,"nodeType":860},{},[10240,10244,10249],{"data":10241,"marks":10242,"value":10243,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser zero-days accounted for just ",{"data":10245,"marks":10246,"value":10248,"nodeType":864},{},[10247],{"type":899},"9% of all zero-days reported to Google in 2025",{"data":10250,"marks":10251,"value":10252,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — described by Google's own researchers as a \"historic low.\" Chrome's sandbox architecture, site isolation, and hardware-backed security features are the result of years of sustained hardening investment. When a browser vulnerability is discovered, Google typically deploys a patch within days.",{"data":10254,"content":10258,"nodeType":996},{"target":10255},{"sys":10256},{"id":10257,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5XWKHTT5J06yWcgZIOL95t",[],{"data":10260,"content":10261,"nodeType":860},{},[10262],{"data":10263,"marks":10264,"value":10265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The bottom line: browser exploits are extraordinarily expensive to develop, increasingly difficult to execute reliably against a hardened modern browser, and patched rapidly when discovered. In sharp contrast, identity attacks are cheap to run, highly scalable, and have a low technical barrier to adoption — that’s why they’re responsible for the overwhelming majority of enterprise breaches. Attackers have voted with their resources.",{"data":10267,"content":10268,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":10270,"content":10271,"nodeType":1009},{},[10272],{"data":10273,"marks":10274,"value":10276,"nodeType":864},{},[10275],{"type":899},"What you're actually buying with each vendor",{"data":10278,"content":10279,"nodeType":860},{},[10280],{"data":10281,"marks":10282,"value":10283,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Understanding the core architectural choice each vendor has made helps decode what their solution can and cannot protect you from.",{"data":10285,"content":10286,"nodeType":1312},{},[10287],{"data":10288,"marks":10289,"value":10291,"nodeType":864},{},[10290],{"type":899},"Seraphic (CrowdStrike)",{"data":10293,"content":10294,"nodeType":860},{},[10295],{"data":10296,"marks":10297,"value":10298,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Seraphic's architecture is built to inject into the browser's JavaScript runtime at the OS layer, scrambling browser internals to prevent exploits from executing. This is a technically sophisticated approach to a technically interesting problem that is, by every threat intelligence measure, not the problem causing enterprise breaches at scale.",{"data":10300,"content":10301,"nodeType":860},{},[10302],{"data":10303,"marks":10304,"value":10305,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Beyond the threat model mismatch, there are structural concerns with the approach itself. Injecting an agent into the browser's JS runtime is a technique with well-documented stability consequences. This is the same approach antivirus vendors have used for years, often at the cost of system stability. Seraphic now runs alongside the CrowdStrike Falcon sensor on managed devices, combining two heavyweight agents on the same machine. For any organization with CrowdStrike already deployed, the question isn't theoretical: how has that combination been validated in production environments?",{"data":10307,"content":10308,"nodeType":860},{},[10309,10313,10320,10324,10333],{"data":10310,"marks":10311,"value":10312,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There's also the managed-device limitation. Seraphic requires a kernel-level agent, which means it loses meaningful capability on unmanaged devices, BYOD machines, and contractor endpoints. This is not a niche concern: according to ",{"data":10314,"content":10315,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[10316],{"data":10317,"marks":10318,"value":10319,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Omdia's 2026 browser security survey",{"data":10321,"marks":10322,"value":10323,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 32% of users access corporate applications from unmanaged devices at least occasionally. Agent-based solutions are blind to nearly a third of your actual attack surface by design. The Okta breach began on a support engineer's personal device, where ",{"data":10325,"content":10327,"nodeType":883},{"uri":10326},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-sync-attacks-where-personal-account-hacks-lead-to-corporate-breaches/",[10328],{"data":10329,"marks":10330,"value":10332,"nodeType":864},{},[10331],{"type":1455},"corporate credentials had synced",{"data":10334,"marks":10335,"value":10336,"nodeType":864},{},[]," via Chrome's built-in profile sync. No agent, no visibility.",{"data":10338,"content":10339,"nodeType":860},{},[10340],{"data":10341,"marks":10342,"value":10343,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Teams evaluating Seraphic today are also buying into an integration roadmap, not a shipped capability. The acquisition by CrowdStrike closed in early 2026. The work of wiring browser telemetry into Falcon Fusion and correlating it with endpoint signals is currently a promise, not a production feature.",{"data":10345,"content":10346,"nodeType":1312},{},[10347],{"data":10348,"marks":10349,"value":10351,"nodeType":864},{},[10350],{"type":899},"SquareX (Zscaler)",{"data":10353,"content":10354,"nodeType":860},{},[10355],{"data":10356,"marks":10357,"value":10358,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SquareX's core capability is sandboxing suspicious file downloads inside disposable browser containers before they reach the endpoint. This is a legitimate approach to a real but declining problem. 82% of attack detections are now malware-free (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report) — attacks don't arrive as files to be sandboxed, they arrive as authenticated sessions. And the delivery channel shift makes the picture even starker: across Push's customer base, 1 in 3 phishing payloads are now delivered outside of email entirely — via social media, ads, and messaging platforms — and 4 in 5 ClickFix payloads arrive through search engines, not email. The threat that SquareX was architecturally designed to address is a shrinking share of the actual attack surface, and it's shrinking fast.",{"data":10360,"content":10361,"nodeType":860},{},[10362],{"data":10363,"marks":10364,"value":10365,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Zscaler already has sandboxing built into ZIA. For an existing Zscaler customer evaluating SquareX, the honest question is: what does this add beyond some extension analysis capability and what you already have? The AiTM phishing campaign that stole your user's credentials and accessed your cloud applications generates no malicious file, triggers no sandbox, and produces no network signal for Zscaler's traffic inspection to catch — because it happened entirely inside a browser session using legitimate authentication flows.",{"data":10367,"content":10368,"nodeType":860},{},[10369],{"data":10370,"marks":10371,"value":10372,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The acquisition also raises product focus questions. Being absorbed into a network-centric platform means SquareX is now optimized for Zscaler's priorities, not for standalone browser detection and response. Teams that care about investigation, threat hunting, and incident response should ask specifically what SquareX adds in those workflows under Zscaler ownership.",{"data":10374,"content":10375,"nodeType":1312},{},[10376],{"data":10377,"marks":10378,"value":10380,"nodeType":864},{},[10379],{"type":899},"LayerX",{"data":10382,"content":10383,"nodeType":860},{},[10384],{"data":10385,"marks":10386,"value":10387,"nodeType":864},{},[],"LayerX is primarily a policy enforcement and risk scoring platform focused on internal governance — controlling which applications employees access, what data moves through the browser, and whether behavior complies with internal rules.",{"data":10389,"content":10390,"nodeType":860},{},[10391],{"data":10392,"marks":10393,"value":10394,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security covers that ground too. Push provides full visibility over AI tool usage, shadow SaaS, unmanaged identities, and data loss vectors — including sensitive data submitted through AI prompts, file uploads to personal cloud destinations, and OAuth grants to third-party applications. The same browser telemetry that detects external attacks also surfaces insider risks and powers DLP controls and compliance audit evidence, all from a single extension.",{"data":10396,"content":10397,"nodeType":860},{},[10398],{"data":10399,"marks":10400,"value":10401,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The critical difference is that Push goes significantly further. Where LayerX scores risk and enforces policy, Push detects active external attack techniques in real time: AiTM phishing kits as they execute, session tokens being stolen, ClickFix lures through behavioral analysis of page structure. These are the attacks causing the most damaging breaches today, and they don't surface on a risk score until after the damage is done. Push addresses both the governance problem and the external threat problem from the same platform. LayerX addresses only the first.",{"data":10403,"content":10404,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":10406,"content":10407,"nodeType":1009},{},[10408],{"data":10409,"marks":10410,"value":10412,"nodeType":864},{},[10411],{"type":899},"Securing the organization via the browser: Push Security",{"data":10414,"content":10415,"nodeType":860},{},[10416,10421],{"data":10417,"marks":10418,"value":10420,"nodeType":864},{},[10419],{"type":899},"Push Security is built on a different architectural premise:",{"data":10422,"marks":10423,"value":10424,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the browser is not primarily a piece of software to harden against exploitation. It is the primary workplace, the primary SaaS access point, and the arena where the majority of modern identity attacks play out. The goal is to secure the organization via the browser — not just to secure the browser itself.",{"data":10426,"content":10427,"nodeType":860},{},[10428],{"data":10429,"marks":10430,"value":10431,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means Push's detection surface is built around the attacks that are actually causing breaches: adversary-in-the-middle phishing, ClickFix and its many variants, credential stuffing against shadow identities, session token theft and replay, OAuth consent abuse, and the full spectrum of identity-based initial access techniques that dominate the modern threat landscape.",{"data":10433,"content":10434,"nodeType":860},{},[10435],{"data":10436,"marks":10437,"value":10438,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The deployment model reflects the threat model. Push deploys as a lightweight browser extension — no kernel-level agent, no device dependency, no migration to a new browser. It works on managed and unmanaged devices, across every traditional, enterprise and AI browser where employees are doing work and attackers are targeting them. The operational overhead is minimal by design: Push has been deployed to 100,000 users in under one hour during normal business hours.",{"data":10440,"content":10441,"nodeType":1312},{},[10442],{"data":10443,"marks":10444,"value":10446,"nodeType":864},{},[10445],{"type":899},"Detection philosophy: targeting what attackers can't change",{"data":10448,"content":10449,"nodeType":860},{},[10450],{"data":10451,"marks":10452,"value":10453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's detection approach targets attacker TTPs rather than indicators of compromise that attackers can rotate in minutes. 95% of attacks detected by Push used some form of bot protection service — meaning the specific domain and IP were deliberately obscured. If your primary detection relies on blocklists, recent reports tell us that 89% of phishing domains will evade you: because they're active for less than two days, they can be spun up, down, and replaced faster than blocklists can keep up.",{"data":10455,"content":10456,"nodeType":860},{},[10457],{"data":10458,"marks":10459,"value":10460,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Behavioral detection of the attack technique — the AiTM relay structure, the credential entry on a cloned login page, the anomalous session context — remains valid regardless of what domain the attack is hosted on or which PhaaS kit was used to build it.",{"data":10462,"content":10463,"nodeType":1312},{},[10464],{"data":10465,"marks":10466,"value":10468,"nodeType":864},{},[10467],{"type":899},"Measuring the identity attack surface (it's bigger than you realize)",{"data":10470,"content":10471,"nodeType":860},{},[10472],{"data":10473,"marks":10474,"value":10475,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because Push has visibility into actual login behavior across thousands of organizations, it can quantify the attack surface that identity-based attacks exploit. Of the last million logins observed by Push:",{"data":10477,"content":10478,"nodeType":941},{},[10479,10494,10509,10524],{"data":10480,"content":10481,"nodeType":945},{},[10482],{"data":10483,"content":10484,"nodeType":860},{},[10485,10490],{"data":10486,"marks":10487,"value":10489,"nodeType":864},{},[10488],{"type":899},"15 corporate identities were identified per employee",{"data":10491,"marks":10492,"value":10493,"nodeType":864},{},[]," used to access cloud apps",{"data":10495,"content":10496,"nodeType":945},{},[10497],{"data":10498,"content":10499,"nodeType":860},{},[10500,10505],{"data":10501,"marks":10502,"value":10504,"nodeType":864},{},[10503],{"type":899},"1 in 4",{"data":10506,"marks":10507,"value":10508,"nodeType":864},{},[]," were password logins, not SSO",{"data":10510,"content":10511,"nodeType":945},{},[10512],{"data":10513,"content":10514,"nodeType":860},{},[10515,10520],{"data":10516,"marks":10517,"value":10519,"nodeType":864},{},[10518],{"type":899},"2 in 5",{"data":10521,"marks":10522,"value":10523,"nodeType":864},{},[]," were not protected by MFA",{"data":10525,"content":10526,"nodeType":945},{},[10527],{"data":10528,"content":10529,"nodeType":860},{},[10530,10535],{"data":10531,"marks":10532,"value":10534,"nodeType":864},{},[10533],{"type":899},"1 in 5",{"data":10536,"marks":10537,"value":10538,"nodeType":864},{},[]," used a weak, breached, or reused password",{"data":10540,"content":10541,"nodeType":860},{},[10542,10546,10551],{"data":10543,"marks":10544,"value":10545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And it's not just login hygiene. Across Push's customer base, ",{"data":10547,"marks":10548,"value":10550,"nodeType":864},{},[10549],{"type":899},"46%+ of browser extensions in corporate environments have the permission combinations required for direct account takeover via session theft if they are malicious or compromised by an attacker",{"data":10552,"marks":10553,"value":10554,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Most organizations have no inventory of what's running in their employees' browsers, let alone visibility into what those extensions can access.",{"data":10556,"content":10557,"nodeType":860},{},[10558,10562,10569],{"data":10559,"marks":10560,"value":10561,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These aren't theoretical vulnerabilities. They're the specific weaknesses that browser-native identity attacks are designed to exploit. ",{"data":10563,"content":10564,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},[10565],{"data":10566,"marks":10567,"value":10568,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This visibility turns browser security from a reactive posture into a proactive one",{"data":10570,"marks":10571,"value":10572,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — you can see and remediate the identity weaknesses before an attacker exploits them, not just detect the attack while it's in progress.",{"data":10574,"content":10575,"nodeType":1312},{},[10576],{"data":10577,"marks":10578,"value":10580,"nodeType":864},{},[10579],{"type":899},"The ROI case",{"data":10582,"content":10583,"nodeType":860},{},[10584],{"data":10585,"marks":10586,"value":10587,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The ROI question for any security investment is: what quantum of real risk does this tool address, at what cost in money and operational friction?",{"data":10589,"content":10590,"nodeType":860},{},[10591],{"data":10592,"marks":10593,"value":10595,"nodeType":864},{},[10594],{"type":899},"That calculation looks very different depending on your threat model.",{"data":10597,"content":10598,"nodeType":860},{},[10599],{"data":10600,"marks":10601,"value":10602,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A solution focused on browser engine exploits and sandbox escapes is defending against an attack category that represents a tiny fraction of actual enterprise breaches, requires extraordinary attacker resources to execute, and is increasingly mitigated by browser vendors themselves through hardening and rapid patching. Chrome's automatic update cycle means that even when a browser vulnerability is discovered and disclosed, it is typically in front of users as a patch within days. The defenders here are Google, Mozilla, and Microsoft — with multi-billion dollar security teams and full access to the browser internals.",{"data":10604,"content":10605,"nodeType":860},{},[10606],{"data":10607,"marks":10608,"value":10609,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A solution focused on identity attacks via the browser — phishing, credential theft, session hijacking, OAuth abuse, malicious browser extensions — is defending against the primary cause of enterprise breaches, one that is accelerating (cloud-conscious intrusions up 37% in 2025, browser-based attacks increasing at 68% of organizations over the past two years per Omdia) and increasingly automated through PhaaS infrastructure that gives low-skill attackers enterprise-grade capability for $1,000 a year.",{"data":10611,"content":10612,"nodeType":860},{},[10613],{"data":10614,"marks":10615,"value":10616,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There's also a forward-looking dimension. The threat landscape isn't moving toward more browser exploitation. It's moving further into identity abuse. AI-powered phishing lowers the social engineering barrier. Agentic browsers will automate credential stuffing and account takeover at a scale that wasn't previously possible. And attackers are already adapting to authentication improvements: device code phishing has increased 37x since the start of 2026, a technique specifically designed to circumvent passkeys by bypassing the authentication flow entirely — the attacker never encounters a login page. The investment in identity-centric browser detection compounds over time as the attack surface evolves in the same direction.",{"data":10618,"content":10622,"nodeType":996},{"target":10619},{"sys":10620},{"id":10621,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"cQ6WPV2NMYvDMZXifqzK1",[],{"data":10624,"content":10625,"nodeType":1312},{},[10626],{"data":10627,"marks":10628,"value":10630,"nodeType":864},{},[10629],{"type":899},"The verdict",{"data":10632,"content":10633,"nodeType":860},{},[10634],{"data":10635,"marks":10636,"value":10637,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser security is a real and growing priority — according to Omdia Research, it is now a top-five priority for 88% of security leaders and the top priority for 26% of them. 85% expect their browser security spending to increase over the next 12–24 months. The question isn't whether to invest. It's what to invest in.",{"data":10639,"content":10640,"nodeType":860},{},[10641],{"data":10642,"marks":10643,"value":10644,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is where your users work, where attackers target them, and where the identity attacks causing the majority of enterprise breaches play out. But not all browser security investments address the same problem.",{"data":10646,"content":10649,"nodeType":996},{"target":10647},{"sys":10648},{"id":6621,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":10651,"content":10652,"nodeType":860},{},[10653],{"data":10654,"marks":10655,"value":10656,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Solutions like Seraphic are built to defend against a browser being exploited by an attacker trying to break out of the sandbox — an attack that represents a historic low as a share of enterprise incidents, and one that Google's own hardening and rapid patching increasingly mitigates automatically. SquareX is built around malware sandboxing — a legitimate but declining share of the initial access landscape, and a capability Zscaler's existing customers already partially have. LayerX focuses on internal governance rather than external threats.",{"data":10658,"content":10659,"nodeType":860},{},[10660],{"data":10661,"marks":10662,"value":10663,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is built to defend against the attacks that are behind the major breaches hitting the headlines: identity theft, credential abuse, session hijacking, and the full identity attack kill chain that plays out inside the browser every time an attacker logs in as your user. Every major threat intelligence report points to these as the primary breach vectors. The economics of attack choice guarantee they'll remain so.",{"data":10665,"content":10666,"nodeType":860},{},[10667],{"data":10668,"marks":10669,"value":10670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The security team that deploys Push gets the greatest coverage of the highest-impact threats, on managed and unmanaged devices, with the lightest operational footprint. That is the browser security investment that moves the needle on real organizational risk — not the browser security investment that defends the software nobody's actually attacking.",{"data":10672,"content":10676,"nodeType":996},{"target":10673},{"sys":10674},{"id":10675,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3a2sEWgWKZulGLCFfODwk0",[],{"data":10678,"content":10679,"nodeType":860},{},[10680],{"data":10681,"marks":10682,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How to avoid the browser security buyer's trap","Securing the browser vs. securing the organization via the browser — what's the 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Malicious and vulnerable extensions are supply chain risks that operate inside the browser's own execution environment. Data loss happens through the browser when employees upload files, paste data into AI tools, or share information with unsanctioned applications. ",{"data":12014,"content":12017,"nodeType":996},{"target":12015},{"sys":12016},{"id":9994,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":12019,"content":12020,"nodeType":860},{},[12021],{"data":12022,"marks":12023,"value":12024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"None of these are attacks where network-layer traffic inspection, endpoint monitoring, or email scanning provides complete coverage, because the attack surface is the browser session itself.",{"data":12026,"content":12030,"nodeType":996},{"target":12027},{"sys":12028},{"id":12029,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5kI5h4Z31ByD73er7voayF",[],{"data":12032,"content":12033,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":12035,"content":12036,"nodeType":1009},{},[12037],{"data":12038,"marks":12039,"value":12041,"nodeType":864},{},[12040],{"type":899},"2. Browser security is now a board-level priority",{"data":12043,"content":12044,"nodeType":860},{},[12045,12050],{"data":12046,"marks":12047,"value":12049,"nodeType":864},{},[12048],{"type":899},"88% of respondents rank browser security as at least a top-five security priority",{"data":12051,"marks":12052,"value":12053,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with more than a quarter (26%) calling it their single top priority. For context, this is a survey that covers the full spectrum of security concerns — cloud, supply chain, AI, insider risk — and browser security has risen above most of them.",{"data":12055,"content":12056,"nodeType":860},{},[12057],{"data":12058,"marks":12059,"value":12060,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is not aspirational interest. The correlation between priority level and investment is sharp: among those who rank browser security as their top priority, 72% have significantly increased their investment due to emerging threats. Among those who rank it in their top five, that figure is 26%. The organizations that care most are spending the most.",{"data":12062,"content":12063,"nodeType":860},{},[12064,12069],{"data":12065,"marks":12066,"value":12068,"nodeType":864},{},[12067],{"type":899},"86% of respondents have increased their browser security investment in response to emerging threats",{"data":12070,"marks":12071,"value":12072,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with 36% saying the increase was significant. When you ask what's driving that spend, the answer is the threat landscape: the attacks cataloged in the previous section are the reason budgets are moving.",{"data":12074,"content":12075,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":12077,"content":12078,"nodeType":1009},{},[12079],{"data":12080,"marks":12081,"value":12083,"nodeType":864},{},[12082],{"type":899},"3. Real budget is being allocated — and it's growing",{"data":12085,"content":12086,"nodeType":860},{},[12087,12091,12095],{"data":12088,"marks":12089,"value":12090,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Secure enterprise browser solutions already take up ",{"data":12092,"marks":12093,"value":9356,"nodeType":864},{},[12094],{"type":899},{"data":12096,"marks":12097,"value":12098,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a substantial allocation for a category that didn't exist as a standalone line item a few years ago. And 85% of respondents expect to increase that spend over the next 12–24 months, with a quarter expecting significant increases.",{"data":12100,"content":12101,"nodeType":860},{},[12102],{"data":12103,"marks":12104,"value":12105,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where the money comes from tells its own story. The most common funding model is a discrete line item within security program budgets (31%) or a dedicated secure browsing budget (30%). When organizations pull from an existing program budget, web security (26%) and endpoint security (21%) are the most common sources — while SASE/SSE accounts for just 9%, despite SASE vendors being the second most popular vendor category. That disconnect between vendor preference and budget origin suggests the SASE-bundled buying motion may be more aspirational than operational.",{"data":12107,"content":12108,"nodeType":860},{},[12109],{"data":12110,"marks":12111,"value":12112,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IT operations leadership is the top stakeholder in 82% of evaluations, with CISO and security leadership at 64% and CIOs at 42%. Day-to-day management sits primarily with IT Ops (77%) and SecOps (50%). This dual stakeholder picture — IT operations driving evaluation, security leadership providing strategic direction — shapes the competitive landscape in ways we'll come back to.",{"data":12114,"content":12115,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":12117,"content":12118,"nodeType":1009},{},[12119],{"data":12120,"marks":12121,"value":12123,"nodeType":864},{},[12122],{"type":899},"4. AI is accelerating both the threat and the use case",{"data":12125,"content":12126,"nodeType":860},{},[12127],{"data":12128,"marks":12129,"value":12130,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI shows up in this report from two directions, mirroring how it is reshaping the security landscape itself.",{"data":12132,"content":12133,"nodeType":860},{},[12134,12138,12143],{"data":12135,"marks":12136,"value":12137,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the threat side, ",{"data":12139,"marks":12140,"value":12142,"nodeType":864},{},[12141],{"type":899},"AI-powered targeted phishing and social engineering is the top emerging concern",{"data":12144,"marks":12145,"value":12146,"nodeType":864},{},[],", cited by 75% of respondents as either very concerning or concerning. Data leakage via unsanctioned AI applications comes second at 71%, followed by deepfake/AI-generated malicious content at 69% and credential harvesting via fake AI or SaaS login pages at 66%. Every one of these threat categories involves the browser — AI-enhanced phishing lands in the browser, AI data leakage happens through browser-based AI tools, and fake AI login pages are browser-based credential harvesting.",{"data":12148,"content":12152,"nodeType":996},{"target":12149},{"sys":12150},{"id":12151,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2ajv2i5wn2GzKuyynQGlvq",[],{"data":12154,"content":12155,"nodeType":860},{},[12156,12160,12165],{"data":12157,"marks":12158,"value":12159,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the adoption side, the picture is almost universal — and almost universally under-governed. ",{"data":12161,"marks":12162,"value":12164,"nodeType":864},{},[12163],{"type":899},"92% of organizations now allow employees to use public GenAI applications",{"data":12166,"marks":12167,"value":12168,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and virtually every organization has some kind of policy position: 37% have sanctioned one public app (with everything else unsanctioned), 39% have sanctioned multiple public apps (with others unsanctioned), and 23% restrict employees to a corporate instance while the public versions are unsanctioned. ",{"data":12170,"content":12171,"nodeType":860},{},[12172],{"data":12173,"marks":12174,"value":12175,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even the 8% who don't allow GenAI at all have taken a policy position. Essentially 100% of organizations have a GenAI policy — but for the vast majority, that policy designates a large portion of public AI tool usage as unsanctioned, which raises the immediate question of whether they have the tooling to actually enforce it.",{"data":12177,"content":12178,"nodeType":860},{},[12179],{"data":12180,"marks":12181,"value":12182,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The answer, based on the current tooling landscape, appears to be: not quite. When Omdia asked how organizations currently secure GenAI usage, 58% rely on secure web gateways — tools that see traffic metadata but cannot observe what a user actually does inside a GenAI session — while 57% use secure browsing solutions and 57% use SaaS security solutions. ",{"data":12184,"content":12185,"nodeType":860},{},[12186],{"data":12187,"marks":12188,"value":12189,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An SWG can tell you that a user visited ChatGPT, but it cannot tell you whether they pasted your company's source code into the prompt. That distinction — between knowing where data went and knowing what the user actually did — is the fundamental gap that browser-layer visibility exists to close, and it is exactly the gap that makes GenAI policies unenforceable without browser-layer tooling.",{"data":12191,"content":12192,"nodeType":860},{},[12193,12197,12202],{"data":12194,"marks":12195,"value":12196,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The use case data reflects this. When Omdia asked about the most important use cases for a secure browsing solution, ",{"data":12198,"marks":12199,"value":12201,"nodeType":864},{},[12200],{"type":899},"generative AI application security came in first at 59%",{"data":12203,"marks":12204,"value":12205,"nodeType":864},{},[],", followed by data loss prevention at 51% and general web security enhancement at 42%. The feature priorities tell a consistent story: AI-powered threat detection and response (52%) and advanced GenAI usage controls and monitoring (41%) were the top two capabilities organizations said would be most important in a purchase decision. ",{"data":12207,"content":12208,"nodeType":860},{},[12209],{"data":12210,"marks":12211,"value":12212,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI is both the top threat concern and the top use case for browser security — and it is a browser problem at both ends, because every LLM interaction, every prompt containing sensitive data, and every AI agent authorization happens inside a browser session.",{"data":12214,"content":12215,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":12217,"content":12218,"nodeType":1009},{},[12219],{"data":12220,"marks":12221,"value":12223,"nodeType":864},{},[12222],{"type":899},"5. Organizations that have deployed secure enterprise browser solutions are seeing real results",{"data":12225,"content":12226,"nodeType":860},{},[12227],{"data":12228,"marks":12229,"value":12230,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the most useful sections in Omdia's report is the benefits data — what organizations that have deployed SEB solutions are actually getting out of them.",{"data":12232,"content":12233,"nodeType":860},{},[12234,12238,12243],{"data":12235,"marks":12236,"value":12237,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The top realized benefit is ",{"data":12239,"marks":12240,"value":12242,"nodeType":864},{},[12241],{"type":899},"improved data security, cited by 58% of respondents",{"data":12244,"marks":12245,"value":12246,"nodeType":864},{},[],", followed by fewer security incidents (49%), better visibility and auditing (47%), improved user experience (44%), and simplified configuration and policy management (41%). The picture that emerges is not just a security story but an operational one: organizations are seeing fewer incidents, better visibility, and simpler management alongside the security outcomes.",{"data":12248,"content":12249,"nodeType":860},{},[12250],{"data":12251,"marks":12252,"value":12253,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The 49% who cite fewer security incidents as a realized benefit is the number that matters most here, because it directly connects SEB deployment to measurable risk reduction. Organizations aren't just buying tools and hoping — they're deploying them and seeing fewer successful attacks as a result.",{"data":12255,"content":12256,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":12258,"content":12259,"nodeType":1009},{},[12260],{"data":12261,"marks":12262,"value":12264,"nodeType":864},{},[12263],{"type":899},"6. The market wants protection in existing browsers, not migration",{"data":12266,"content":12267,"nodeType":860},{},[12268,12272,12277],{"data":12269,"marks":12270,"value":12271,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When Omdia asked what attributes matter most in a secure enterprise browser solution, ",{"data":12273,"marks":12274,"value":12276,"nodeType":864},{},[12275],{"type":899},"\"ability to use existing browsers\" ranked as the fourth most important attribute at 48%",{"data":12278,"marks":12279,"value":12280,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — behind only integration with other security tools (57%), controls over generative AI application usage (53%), and centralized policy enforcement (52%). ",{"data":12282,"content":12283,"nodeType":860},{},[12284],{"data":12285,"marks":12286,"value":12287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That 48% figure, combined with 80% of respondents saying they expect to use an SEB solution as an integrated or alongside component rather than a replacement for existing tools, points to a clear market preference: organizations want browser security that works with their existing browser estate, not a migration to a new one.",{"data":12289,"content":12290,"nodeType":860},{},[12291,12295,12303],{"data":12292,"marks":12293,"value":12294,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is consistent with what we hear from security leaders directly. As ",{"data":12296,"content":12297,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5827},[12298],{"data":12299,"marks":12300,"value":12302,"nodeType":864},{},[12301],{"type":1455},"Josh Lemos put it: ",{"data":12304,"marks":12305,"value":12306,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\"We looked at the full-stack enterprise browser approach, but converging on a single platform was tough. Push gave me the security instrumentation and context I needed without onerous headwinds.\" The deployment model matters because it determines adoption velocity — and a tool that requires browser migration introduces friction that delays time to value.",{"data":12308,"content":12309,"nodeType":860},{},[12310,12314],{"data":12311,"marks":12312,"value":12313,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push was built around this insight from day one. As the secure enterprise browser extension for security teams, Push turns any browser — managed or unmanaged, including agentic browsers — into a telemetry source and control point the moment it's installed. It has been rolled out to 100,000 users in under an hour during normal office hours with zero downtime. ",{"data":12315,"marks":12316,"value":12318,"nodeType":864},{},[12317],{"type":899},"That is a deployment model that matches what Omdia's respondents are asking for.",{"data":12320,"content":12321,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":12323,"content":12324,"nodeType":1009},{},[12325],{"data":12326,"marks":12327,"value":12329,"nodeType":864},{},[12328],{"type":899},"7. Dedicated vendors lead over platform plays",{"data":12331,"content":12332,"nodeType":860},{},[12333,12337,12342],{"data":12334,"marks":12335,"value":12336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When Omdia asked which category of vendor organizations primarily use or expect to use for secure enterprise browsing, ",{"data":12338,"marks":12339,"value":12341,"nodeType":864},{},[12340],{"type":899},"36% chose a dedicated SEB vendor",{"data":12343,"marks":12344,"value":12345,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — the largest single category. SASE/network security vendors came second at 29%, followed by traditional VDI/desktop virtualization vendors at 19% and endpoint platform vendors at 15%.",{"data":12347,"content":12348,"nodeType":860},{},[12349],{"data":12350,"marks":12351,"value":12352,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The dedicated category leads, and the reason isn't just first-mover advantage — it's architectural. The alternative paths each come with structural constraints. SASE and SSE platforms are network-centric: they see traffic metadata and enforce URL categorization, but they can't observe the rendered page inside a browser tab — the DOM structure, the script behavior, the credential entry that distinguishes a legitimate login from an AiTM reverse-proxy kit. ",{"data":12354,"content":12355,"nodeType":860},{},[12356],{"data":12357,"marks":12358,"value":12359,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Endpoint platforms that bolt on browser visibility are still anchored to the OS layer, solving for browser exploit prevention rather than in-session behavioral detection of the attacks that actually dominate — phishing, credential theft, session hijacking, extension compromise. And when large platform vendors acquire browser security capabilities, the integration work takes years rather than months, during which detection depth sits in a transitional state. ",{"data":12361,"content":12362,"nodeType":860},{},[12363],{"data":12364,"marks":12365,"value":12366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Dedicated browser-native vendors start from a different premise entirely: the browser isn't a supplementary signal feeding into someone else's SASE pipeline or XDR correlation engine — it is the telemetry source and the control point. The browser is the only place where you get simultaneous visibility into both the attacker's technique and the employee's action within the same session, because the phishing page, the credential submission, the token exchange, and the data exfiltration all happen inside the same tab. No network appliance, endpoint agent, or identity provider log can see all of that, because none of them are present where the interaction occurs.",{"data":12368,"content":12369,"nodeType":860},{},[12370],{"data":12371,"marks":12372,"value":12373,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For security teams evaluating SEB solutions, the architecture matters more than the vendor category label. The capabilities Omdia's respondents ranked highest — integration with existing tools, GenAI controls, centralized policy enforcement, and the ability to use existing browsers — all point toward solutions that deliver detection depth through a lightweight deployment model, without browser migration and without the integration debt of a platform acquisition.",{"data":12375,"content":12376,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":12378,"content":12379,"nodeType":860},{},[12380],{"data":12381,"marks":12382,"value":12383,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. ",{"data":12385,"content":12386,"nodeType":860},{},[12387],{"data":12388,"marks":12389,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":12391,"content":12392,"nodeType":860},{},[12393,12396,12404],{"data":12394,"marks":12395,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":12397,"content":12398,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[12399],{"data":12400,"marks":12401,"value":12403,"nodeType":864},{},[12402],{"type":1455},"Book a live demo",{"data":12405,"marks":12406,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":12408},{"hyperlink":12409,"inline":12410,"block":12411},[],[],[12412,12420,12458,12462,12491],{"sys":12413,"__typename":1724,"title":12414,"caption":12415,"layoutMode":59,"file":12416},{"id":11874},"Omdia report key stats infographic","Headline stats from the latest Omdia report.",{"url":12417,"width":12418,"height":12419},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/62TiADpvI65W2gT7RQwlOU/a4aaad376574b1cd963fc0afa5e2942d/omdia-browser-security-infographic_2x__2_.png",1700,1434,{"sys":12421,"__typename":1740,"content":12422,"name":12457,"title":59},{"id":11914},{"json":12423},{"nodeType":856,"data":12424,"content":12425},{},[12426],{"nodeType":860,"data":12427,"content":12428},{},[12429,12433,12441,12445,12453],{"nodeType":864,"value":12430,"marks":12431,"data":12432},"The evidence here isn’t just statistics. The real-world breaches attributed to ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":12434,"content":12435},{"uri":5100},[12436],{"nodeType":864,"value":12437,"marks":12438,"data":12440},"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters",[12439],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":12442,"marks":12443,"data":12444},", including the ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":12446,"content":12447},{"uri":4082},[12448],{"nodeType":864,"value":12449,"marks":12450,"data":12452},"ShinyHunters-branded 2026 hacking spree",[12451],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":12454,"marks":12455,"data":12456},", clearly underline the real-world threat. ",[],{},"Omdia report IB1",{"sys":12459,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":12460,"buttonLabel":12461,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":5124},{"id":9994},"Get our latest technical whitepaper to learn about the state of browser-based attacks in 2026 (no sign-up required).","Download Now",{"sys":12463,"__typename":1740,"content":12464,"name":12490,"title":59},{"id":12029},{"json":12465},{"data":12466,"content":12467,"nodeType":856},{},[12468],{"data":12469,"content":12470,"nodeType":860},{},[12471,12475,12486],{"data":12472,"marks":12473,"value":12474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's worth noting that AiTM — now the dominant phishing technique in the wild,",{"data":12476,"content":12477,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5112},[12478,12481],{"data":12479,"marks":12480,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":12482,"marks":12483,"value":12485,"nodeType":864},{},[12484],{"type":1455},"responsible for 62% of phishing blocked by Microsoft",{"data":12487,"marks":12488,"value":12489,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — shows up at just 17% in Omdia's data. That likely reflects a recognition gap rather than low prevalence: most organizations lack the browser-layer visibility to distinguish an AiTM reverse-proxy attack from a conventional phishing page, which means the real AiTM figure is probably buried inside the 40% who reported phishing generally.","Omdia report IB2",{"sys":12492,"__typename":1740,"content":12493,"name":12529,"title":59},{"id":12151},{"json":12494},{"nodeType":856,"data":12495,"content":12496},{},[12497],{"nodeType":860,"data":12498,"content":12499},{},[12500,12504,12513,12517,12525],{"nodeType":864,"value":12501,"marks":12502,"data":12503},"This is something we’re seeing extensively in the wild. Just about every phishing kit we encounter today is packed with signs of AI use. You can see our ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":12505,"content":12507},{"uri":12506},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/inside-criminal-phishing-panel/",[12508],{"nodeType":864,"value":12509,"marks":12510,"data":12512},"recent analysis of the Doko’s Panel real-time vishing + AitM kit",[12511],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":12514,"marks":12515,"data":12516}," for one example of this. AI development of kits and tools is rapidly driving down the time for attackers to adopt and scale new capabilities — the ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":12518,"content":12519},{"uri":3259},[12520],{"nodeType":864,"value":12521,"marks":12522,"data":12524},"37x increase in device code phishing in 2026",[12523],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":12526,"marks":12527,"data":12528}," being another indicator of this (we've observed heavy AI tool use across multiple kits and campaigns, with the EvilTokens kit gaining particular notoriety for its abuse of the Railway platform's AI features).",[],{},"Omdia report IB3",{"items":12531},[],{},"7 things Omdia's latest report tells us about the SEB 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We then look at modeling using ",{"data":13243,"content":13245,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13244},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_exceedance_curve",[13246],{"data":13247,"marks":13248,"value":13249,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Loss Exceedance Curves",{"data":13251,"marks":13252,"value":13253,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as a more accurate, if much more difficult, approach to quantitative risk assessment.",{"data":13255,"content":13259,"nodeType":996},{"target":13256},{"sys":13257},{"id":13258,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4S1wJUm6E1qvyZzwrl2DL",[],{"data":13261,"content":13262,"nodeType":860},{},[13263],{"data":13264,"marks":13265,"value":13266,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The only problem is, we rarely have the time or the data to construct such models. 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Quantitative risk frameworks like ",{"data":13275,"content":13277,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13276},"https://www.fairinstitute.org/",[13278],{"data":13279,"marks":13280,"value":13281,"nodeType":864},{},[],"FAIR",{"data":13283,"marks":13284,"value":13285,"nodeType":864},{},[]," give structure to that uncertainty, but they can't conjure data that just doesn't exist.",{"data":13287,"content":13288,"nodeType":860},{},[13289,13293,13298],{"data":13290,"marks":13291,"value":13292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The results are usually estimates with wide confidence intervals and loss distributions that appear precise, but are hard to defend to a CFO or a board. Finance leaders have seen Monte Carlo simulations before; the capable ones will challenge the quality of the outputs if they doubt the quality of the inputs. 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Unlike network or endpoint attacks, where the signal is often binary and retroactive, browser-based identity threats generate continuous, high-frequency telemetry that maps directly onto the inputs that drive quantitative risk models.",{"data":13347,"content":13348,"nodeType":860},{},[13349,13353,13358,13362,13367],{"data":13350,"marks":13351,"value":13352,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This telemetry directly informs the hardest inputs in any quantitative risk model. One is ",{"data":13354,"marks":13355,"value":13357,"nodeType":864},{},[13356],{"type":899},"Threat Event Frequency (TEF)",{"data":13359,"marks":13360,"value":13361,"nodeType":864},{},[],": how often a threat agent acts against an asset in a given period. For identity risks, this can be answered in how many credential phishing attempts reached your users across all delivery channels (social media, email, malvertising, etc.), or how frequently your users authorize malicious or compromised SaaS apps. Browser-level telemetry can answer these questions with ",{"data":13363,"marks":13364,"value":13366,"nodeType":864},{},[13365],{"type":2246},"observed",{"data":13368,"marks":13369,"value":13370,"nodeType":864},{},[]," data rather than industry lookups and general benchmarks. ",{"data":13372,"content":13376,"nodeType":996},{"target":13373},{"sys":13374},{"id":13375,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"EvjT68MCWW7nz5q86xe8S",[],{"data":13378,"content":13379,"nodeType":860},{},[13380,13384,13389],{"data":13381,"marks":13382,"value":13383,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The other input to risk modeling that's difficult to express in concrete terms is ",{"data":13385,"marks":13386,"value":13388,"nodeType":864},{},[13387],{"type":899},"vulnerability",{"data":13390,"marks":13391,"value":13392,"nodeType":864},{},[],": the probability a threat becomes a loss event or, more specifically, how likely it is that your controls will fail. ",{"data":13394,"content":13395,"nodeType":860},{},[13396,13400,13407,13411,13418],{"data":13397,"marks":13398,"value":13399,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where browser telemetry gets especially concrete. ",{"data":13401,"content":13402,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5521},[13403],{"data":13404,"marks":13405,"value":13406,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Analysis of login telemetry across Push-monitored environments",{"data":13408,"marks":13409,"value":13410,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shows that 1 in 4 logins are still password-only (not SSO), 2 in 5 are not protected by MFA, and 1 in 5 use a weak, breached, or reused password. Many of these logins occur outside the visibility of a central IdP platform like Microsoft, Google or Okta — the result of downstream ",{"data":13412,"content":13413,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5865},[13414],{"data":13415,"marks":13416,"value":13417,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ghost logins",{"data":13419,"marks":13420,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13422,"content":13426,"nodeType":996},{"target":13423},{"sys":13424},{"id":13425,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5GctExdVGjHRwKifiP00Fp",[],{"data":13428,"content":13432,"nodeType":996},{"target":13429},{"sys":13430},{"id":13431,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2mWToHCJcuB9FMwxxzd67F",[],{"data":13434,"content":13435,"nodeType":860},{},[13436,13440,13445],{"data":13437,"marks":13438,"value":13439,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In a FAIR-based model, TEF and vulnerability together determine ",{"data":13441,"marks":13442,"value":13444,"nodeType":864},{},[13443],{"type":899},"loss event frequency",{"data":13446,"marks":13447,"value":13448,"nodeType":864},{},[],": the foundational driver of the entire risk calculation. Using telemetry from your own environment as the basis for these calculations makes them far more accurate, and more likely to stand up to scrutiny.",{"data":13450,"content":13451,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13453,"content":13454,"nodeType":1009},{},[13455],{"data":13456,"marks":13457,"value":13459,"nodeType":864},{},[13458],{"type":899},"The attack surface is bigger than most models assume",{"data":13461,"content":13462,"nodeType":860},{},[13463],{"data":13464,"marks":13465,"value":13466,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the consistent failures in identity risk modeling is the tendency to model risks defenders can see, and leave the rest off the balance sheet. These omissions create a systematic understatement of exposure that browser-based telemetry can offset.",{"data":13468,"content":13469,"nodeType":1312},{},[13470],{"data":13471,"marks":13472,"value":13474,"nodeType":864},{},[13473],{"type":899},"Shadow AI and OAuth sprawl",{"data":13476,"content":13477,"nodeType":860},{},[13478,13481,13489],{"data":13479,"marks":13480,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13482,"content":13483,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},[13484],{"data":13485,"marks":13486,"value":13488,"nodeType":864},{},[13487],{"type":1455},"The Vercel breach in April 2026",{"data":13490,"marks":13491,"value":13492,"nodeType":864},{},[]," was the result of an OAuth connection to a third-party AI SaaS tool a developer connected into the organization's Google Workspace tenant (without admin approval). When the AI vendor was compromised, the attacker leveraged stored OAuth tokens to access downstream accounts, ultimately reaching internal dashboards, API keys, and source code. ",{"data":13494,"content":13495,"nodeType":860},{},[13496,13500,13505],{"data":13497,"marks":13498,"value":13499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push telemetry across customer environments shows an average of ",{"data":13501,"marks":13502,"value":13504,"nodeType":864},{},[13503],{"type":899},"17 unique AI app integrations per organization in Microsoft and Google alone",{"data":13506,"marks":13507,"value":13508,"nodeType":864},{},[],", most of which security teams would describe as unapproved. These generally don't appear in a conventional risk model that isn't looking for them.",{"data":13510,"content":13511,"nodeType":1312},{},[13512],{"data":13513,"marks":13514,"value":288,"nodeType":864},{},[13515],{"type":899},{"data":13517,"content":13518,"nodeType":860},{},[13519,13523,13532,13537],{"data":13520,"marks":13521,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[13522],{"type":899},{"data":13524,"content":13525,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[13526],{"data":13527,"marks":13528,"value":13531,"nodeType":864},{},[13529,13530],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"Analysis of 20,000 unique extensions deployed across Push customer environments",{"data":13533,"marks":13534,"value":13536,"nodeType":864},{},[13535],{"type":899}," found that 46.76% have the permission combinations required for account takeover without user interaction. ",{"data":13538,"marks":13539,"value":13540,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The extensions carrying these permissions aren't flagged by risk scoring systems because the same permissions are used by ad blockers, password managers, and translation tools (the downside of relying on tools that rely on dubious scoring to assess extensions, but I digress). ",{"data":13542,"content":13543,"nodeType":860},{},[13544],{"data":13545,"marks":13546,"value":13547,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What matters for risk quantification isn't the permission set or an arbitrary score assigned by a vendor; it's whether the monitoring exists to detect when a previously-clean extension changes ownership, escalates permissions, or behaves anomalously. Without that monitoring, the exposure is real but unquantified.",{"data":13549,"content":13550,"nodeType":1312},{},[13551],{"data":13552,"marks":13553,"value":13555,"nodeType":864},{},[13554],{"type":899},"ClickFix and non-email delivery channels",{"data":13557,"content":13558,"nodeType":860},{},[13559,13563,13571,13575,13582],{"data":13560,"marks":13561,"value":13562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix — where a malicious page silently writes a PowerShell or mshta command into the victim's clipboard and instructs them to paste it — was ",{"data":13564,"content":13566,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13565},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf",[13567],{"data":13568,"marks":13569,"value":13570,"nodeType":864},{},[],"the most common initial access vector observed by Microsoft in 2025",{"data":13572,"marks":13573,"value":13574,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and CrowdStrike reported a",{"data":13576,"content":13577,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},[13578],{"data":13579,"marks":13580,"value":13581,"nodeType":864},{},[]," 563% increase in fake CAPTCHA lures",{"data":13583,"marks":13584,"value":13585,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (one of the most common ClickFix styles in which the user has to \"verify they're human\" by running a command on their machine). ",{"data":13587,"content":13588,"nodeType":860},{},[13589],{"data":13590,"marks":13591,"value":13592,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What makes this particularly relevant for risk quantification is the delivery channel: 4 in 5 ClickFix payloads intercepted by Push arrive via search engines, not email. A risk model that estimates threat event frequency from email-based phishing telemetry alone is structurally blind to an entire category of attack that has become one of the most prevalent initial access methods in the landscape.",{"data":13594,"content":13595,"nodeType":1312},{},[13596],{"data":13597,"marks":13598,"value":13600,"nodeType":864},{},[13599],{"type":899},"Authorization attacks",{"data":13602,"content":13603,"nodeType":860},{},[13604],{"data":13605,"marks":13606,"value":13607,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Device code phishing and OAuth consent abuse represent a slightly separate category of identity attack that most risk models don't account for because they operate after the authentication flow has already completed — meaning password strength, MFA coverage, and SSO adoption are irrelevant to whether the attack succeeds. ",{"data":13609,"content":13613,"nodeType":996},{"target":13610},{"sys":13611},{"id":13612,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7qtHmxCzBm5664jD6HsCwN",[],{"data":13615,"content":13616,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13618,"content":13619,"nodeType":1009},{},[13620],{"data":13621,"marks":13622,"value":13624,"nodeType":864},{},[13623],{"type":899},"The key lesson for CISOs",{"data":13626,"content":13627,"nodeType":860},{},[13628],{"data":13629,"marks":13630,"value":13631,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A risk model that measures identity vulnerability purely in terms of authentication hygiene at the IdP layer — how many accounts have MFA, how many use SSO — will correctly quantify one dimension of exposure while completely missing another that is growing faster and is structurally immune to the controls being measured.",{"data":13633,"content":13634,"nodeType":860},{},[13635],{"data":13636,"marks":13637,"value":13639,"nodeType":864},{},[13638],{"type":899},"For a CISO building a risk model, these aren't edge cases. They represent a real attack surface that doesn't show up in models built on conventional network, endpoint, and cloud telemetry. We aren't just talking about better inputs to risk modeling — we're talking about entirely new risk scenarios that aren't being modeled at all, supported by live data.",{"data":13641,"content":13645,"nodeType":996},{"target":13642},{"sys":13643},{"id":13644,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2ObEcO1gqz8lrOLCZzfpNw",[],{"data":13647,"content":13648,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13650,"content":13651,"nodeType":1312},{},[13652],{"data":13653,"marks":13654,"value":13656,"nodeType":864},{},[13655],{"type":899},"Browser telemetry makes a CISO's life easier",{"data":13658,"content":13659,"nodeType":860},{},[13660],{"data":13661,"marks":13662,"value":13663,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-based telemetry changes the conversation a CISO can have with a CFO or board. Instead of \"industry benchmarks suggest our expected annual loss from account compromise is somewhere in this range,\" the answer is, \"We can see how often these attacks are attempted against our users, and we can measure what percentage of our accounts have the controls in place to stop them,\" or \"We know how many shadow AI apps our users self-provision and share data with each month.\" ",{"data":13665,"content":13666,"nodeType":860},{},[13667],{"data":13668,"marks":13669,"value":13670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity risk is only a piece of the quantification problem. Loss magnitude, regulatory exposure, and reputational impact are still extremely hard to estimate regardless of how good your frequency inputs are. ",{"data":13672,"content":13673,"nodeType":860},{},[13674],{"data":13675,"marks":13676,"value":13677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the identity attack surface is one of the few areas in security where measurement is genuinely achievable right now, and the gap between what most organizations are modeling and what's actually observable is significant. Shadow SaaS integrations, unapproved AI connections, browser extensions with excessive privileges — these are enumerable risks that don't appear in models built on network, endpoint, and cloud access telemetry alone. ",{"data":13679,"content":13680,"nodeType":860},{},[13681,13686],{"data":13682,"marks":13683,"value":13685,"nodeType":864},{},[13684],{"type":899},"The lesson for CISOs serious about quantitative risk management is this: the frameworks exist, the talent is available, and the bottleneck is almost always data quality. ",{"data":13687,"marks":13688,"value":13689,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser telemetry is a good example of the kind of high-fidelity, environment-specific measurement that closes that gap.",{"data":13691,"content":13692,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13694,"content":13695,"nodeType":860},{},[13696],{"data":13697,"marks":13698,"value":4855,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13700,"content":13701,"nodeType":860},{},[13702,13706,13713],{"data":13703,"marks":13704,"value":13705,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see. ",{"data":13707,"content":13709,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13708},"https://pushsecurity.com/book-demo/",[13710],{"data":13711,"marks":13712,"value":12403,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13714,"marks":13715,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The CISO's data problem (and how browser telemetry can help)","How CISOs can use browser telemetry to support cyber risk quantification in areas where traditional data points fall short. ","2026-05-11T00:00:00.000Z","the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help",{"items":13721},[13722,13724],{"sys":13723,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"sys":13725,"name":342},{"id":13726},"4ksQNCFeBf8H4QIORqpRLw",{"items":13728},[13729],{"fullName":3621,"firstName":3622,"jobTitle":3623,"profilePicture":13730},{"url":3625},{"__typename":2059,"sys":13732,"content":13734,"title":14698,"synopsis":14699,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":14700,"slug":14701,"tagsCollection":14702,"authorsCollection":14708},{"id":13733},"3jF1fypt08TNlSoWuoMWhj",{"json":13735},{"data":13736,"content":13737,"nodeType":856},{},[13738,13764,13795,13838,13881,13887,13899,13902,13910,13961,13968,13991,13997,14000,14008,14037,14044,14052,14058,14061,14069,14076,14094,14101,14143,14150,14153,14161,14180,14235,14238,14246,14264,14282,14290,14297,14309,14321,14333,14345,14361,14369,14376,14379,14385,14391,14406,14409,14417,14435,14692],{"data":13739,"content":13740,"nodeType":860},{},[13741,13745,13751,13755,13760],{"data":13742,"marks":13743,"value":13744,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters and the broader SLH (",{"data":13746,"content":13747,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5100},[13748],{"data":13749,"marks":13750,"value":12437,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13752,"marks":13753,"value":13754,"nodeType":864},{},[],") collective have claimed breaches at thousands of organizations over the past twelve months across retail, technology, aviation, financial services, media, gaming, and education, in what amounts to the most sustained data theft and extortion operation in recent cybercrime history. SLH's genealogy traces through a merger of Scattered Spider, Lapsus$, and ShinyHunters, all parts of ",{"data":13756,"marks":13757,"value":13759,"nodeType":864},{},[13758],{"type":899},"the Com",{"data":13761,"marks":13762,"value":13763,"nodeType":864},{},[],", a broader community of English-speaking cybercriminals with international links. ",{"data":13765,"content":13766,"nodeType":860},{},[13767,13771,13779,13783,13791],{"data":13768,"marks":13769,"value":13770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The confirmed victim list reads like a Fortune 500 directory: Coca-Cola, Cisco, Qantas, Coinbase, ADT, Aflac, SoundCloud, Rockstar Games, Charter Communications, and recently ",{"data":13772,"content":13774,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13773},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/instructure-confirms-data-breach-shinyhunters-claims-attack/",[13775],{"data":13776,"marks":13777,"value":13778,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instructure",{"data":13780,"marks":13781,"value":13782,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — whose breach ",{"data":13784,"content":13786,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13785},"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2026/05/canvas-breach-disrupts-schools-colleges-nationwide/",[13787],{"data":13788,"marks":13789,"value":13790,"nodeType":864},{},[],"disrupted schools and universities nationwide",{"data":13792,"marks":13793,"value":13794,"nodeType":864},{},[]," during final exams — among dozens more named publicly and likely many more that haven't been (breaches settled quickly behind closed doors don't always make it into the public eye). ShinyHunters alone claimed over 1.5 billion stolen Salesforce records from a single campaign targeting more than 1,000 organizations.",{"data":13796,"content":13797,"nodeType":860},{},[13798,13802,13810,13814,13822,13826,13834],{"data":13799,"marks":13800,"value":13801,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Additional operating clusters, including Cordial Spider and Snarky Spider (which CrowdStrike ",{"data":13803,"content":13805,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13804},"https://cyberscoop.com/crowdstrike-cordial-spider-snarky-spider-extortion-attacks/",[13806],{"data":13807,"marks":13808,"value":13809,"nodeType":864},{},[],"characterizes as the new generation of Scattered Spider",{"data":13811,"marks":13812,"value":13813,"nodeType":864},{},[],") run parallel campaigns against different target sectors, unified not by shared infrastructure but by a shared playbook of techniques that exploit the structural weakness in modern SaaS-first organizations. ",{"data":13815,"content":13817,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13816},"https://github.com/PaloAltoNetworks/Unit42-timely-threat-intel/blob/main/2026-03-12-Vishing-Campaigns-Lead-to-Data-Theft-and-Extortion.txt",[13818],{"data":13819,"marks":13820,"value":13821,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unit 42 documented",{"data":13823,"marks":13824,"value":13825,"nodeType":864},{},[]," these groups moving from initial compromise to complete data exfiltration in under an hour — faster than most organizations can even begin to respond. Newer groups with links to the SLH ecosystem like CoinbaseCartel have also continued the tradition of weaponizing stolen credentials from the infostealer economy at scale, as ShinyHunters did in the ",{"data":13827,"content":13829,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13828},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claims-15-billion-salesforce-records-stolen-in-drift-hacks/",[13830],{"data":13831,"marks":13832,"value":13833,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2024 Snowflake breach",{"data":13835,"marks":13836,"value":13837,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that compromised over 165 customer environments (and claimed another billion-plus records).",{"data":13839,"content":13840,"nodeType":860},{},[13841,13845,13853,13857,13865,13869,13877],{"data":13842,"marks":13843,"value":13844,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not every SLH breach is browser-based — the Instructure breach (275 million individuals, ~330 school login portals defaced) began with a Salesforce tenant compromise in September 2025, but resurfaced in May 2026 after attackers exploited a ",{"data":13846,"content":13848,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13847},"https://www.bitdefender.com/en-gb/blog/businessinsights/technical-advisory-shinyhunters-breach-instructure-canvas-lms",[13849],{"data":13850,"marks":13851,"value":13852,"nodeType":864},{},[],"vulnerability affecting Canvas's Free-For-Teacher program",{"data":13854,"marks":13855,"value":13856,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (it's now been confirmed that Instructure \"",{"data":13858,"content":13860,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13859},"https://www.instructure.com/incident_update",[13861],{"data":13862,"marks":13863,"value":13864,"nodeType":864},{},[],"reached a settlement",{"data":13866,"marks":13867,"value":13868,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\" for the deletion of the data, and shut down the free account tier), while the Coinbase breach cost ",{"data":13870,"content":13872,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13871},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/coinbase-discloses-breach-faces-up-to-400-million-in-losses/",[13873],{"data":13874,"marks":13875,"value":13876,"nodeType":864},{},[],"$180M–400M through insider bribery",{"data":13878,"marks":13879,"value":13880,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — but these are the exceptions that prove the rule. ",{"data":13882,"content":13886,"nodeType":996},{"target":13883},{"sys":13884},{"id":13885,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4qNrbDyMJIumQfdbh9YVkU",[],{"data":13888,"content":13889,"nodeType":860},{},[13890,13895],{"data":13891,"marks":13892,"value":13894,"nodeType":864},{},[13893],{"type":899},"The vast majority of SLH campaigns over the past year converge on three browser-based attack vectors: vishing combined with AiTM phishing, device code phishing exploiting account authorization flows, and OAuth supply chain attacks through compromised third-party integrators.",{"data":13896,"marks":13897,"value":13898,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Each is well-documented, each has produced confirmed victims at scale, and each is detectable or preventable through browser-layer security controls.",{"data":13900,"content":13901,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13903,"content":13904,"nodeType":1009},{},[13905],{"data":13906,"marks":13907,"value":13909,"nodeType":864},{},[13908],{"type":899},"Vector 1: Vishing combined with AiTM phishing",{"data":13911,"content":13912,"nodeType":860},{},[13913,13917,13925,13928,13936,13940,13947,13951,13958],{"data":13914,"marks":13915,"value":13916,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most visible campaign right now pairs targeted voice calls with adversary-in-the-middle phishing pages — an approach that ",{"data":13918,"content":13920,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13919},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/expansion-shinyhunters-saas-data-theft",[13921],{"data":13922,"marks":13923,"value":13924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant",{"data":13926,"marks":13927,"value":5862,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13929,"content":13931,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13930},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/defending-against-cordial-spider-and-snarky-spider-with-falcon-shield/",[13932],{"data":13933,"marks":13934,"value":13935,"nodeType":864},{},[]," CrowdStrike",{"data":13937,"marks":13938,"value":13939,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and",{"data":13941,"content":13942,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13816},[13943],{"data":13944,"marks":13945,"value":13946,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Unit 42",{"data":13948,"marks":13949,"value":13950,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have all documented from the incident response side, and which Push has ",{"data":13952,"content":13953,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12506},[13954],{"data":13955,"marks":13956,"value":13957,"nodeType":864},{},[],"documented from inside the attacker's own operator panels",{"data":13959,"marks":13960,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13962,"content":13963,"nodeType":860},{},[13964],{"data":13965,"marks":13966,"value":13967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An attacker impersonating IT support calls the target employee, establishes urgency — often citing a \"mandatory passkey rollout\" or a \"security compliance update\" — and directs them to a victim-branded AiTM phishing page (typically at a domain like \u003Ccompany>sso.com or \u003Ccompany>internal.com). The attack is processed by a live human in real time, relaying credentials and MFA codes to the legitimate identity provider as they are entered, capturing the resulting session token, and granting the attacker an authenticated session. ",{"data":13969,"content":13970,"nodeType":860},{},[13971,13975,13982,13986],{"data":13972,"marks":13973,"value":13974,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the reasons that this method is becoming so widespread is the commoditization of effective tools. Push's ",{"data":13976,"content":13977,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12506},[13978],{"data":13979,"marks":13980,"value":13981,"nodeType":864},{},[],"infiltration of the criminal phishing panels",{"data":13983,"marks":13984,"value":13985,"nodeType":864},{},[]," identified over 400 linked domains across four distinct infrastructure clusters. ",{"data":13987,"marks":13988,"value":13990,"nodeType":864},{},[13989],{"type":899},"This mirrors the pattern that turned AiTM phishing from a specialist capability into an industrialized market with competing PhaaS platforms, but with the added complication that voice phishing as the delivery vector makes the attack invisible to traditional anti-phishing controls at the email layer.",{"data":13992,"content":13996,"nodeType":996},{"target":13993},{"sys":13994},{"id":13995,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1Yhthl0PILGW7EmCcZUrNv",[],{"data":13998,"content":13999,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":14001,"content":14002,"nodeType":1009},{},[14003],{"data":14004,"marks":14005,"value":14007,"nodeType":864},{},[14006],{"type":899},"Vector 2: Vishing combined with device code phishing",{"data":14009,"content":14010,"nodeType":860},{},[14011,14014,14022,14026,14033],{"data":14012,"marks":14013,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14015,"content":14017,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14016},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-latest-slh-campaign/",[14018],{"data":14019,"marks":14020,"value":14021,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters Salesforce campaign",{"data":14023,"marks":14024,"value":14025,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that ran through 2025 and into 2026 used device code phishing as one of its core methods, ",{"data":14027,"content":14028,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13828},[14029],{"data":14030,"marks":14031,"value":14032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"compromising over 1,000 organizations and claiming 1.5 billion stolen records",{"data":14034,"marks":14035,"value":14036,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — including an attempted extortion of Salesforce itself. The attack involved registering an attacker-controlled \"DataLoader\" application mimicking a legitimate Salesforce tool, configuring it to request broad OAuth scopes including full API access and refresh token generation, and guiding victims through the device authorization flow via vishing calls.",{"data":14038,"content":14039,"nodeType":860},{},[14040],{"data":14041,"marks":14042,"value":14043,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Device code phishing exploits the OAuth 2.0 device authorization grant — a flow designed for devices without browsers, like smart TVs, but used in a wide range of scenarios including CLI logins — by tricking users into entering a code on Microsoft's (or another identity provider's) legitimate verification page. Since the victim is usually signed into the app in their browser, there’s no login at all. They simply navigate to the app’s device code login page and enter an attacker-provided code to grant the attacker an access token. ",{"data":14045,"content":14046,"nodeType":860},{},[14047],{"data":14048,"marks":14049,"value":14051,"nodeType":864},{},[14050],{"type":899},"This is what makes device code phishing structurally different from AiTM: it defeats all MFA (including passkeys) because the attack doesn’t target the login, but the authorization layer instead.",{"data":14053,"content":14057,"nodeType":996},{"target":14054},{"sys":14055},{"id":14056,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ElQz8sLATnR8RY5nVlBGM",[],{"data":14059,"content":14060,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":14062,"content":14063,"nodeType":1009},{},[14064],{"data":14065,"marks":14066,"value":14068,"nodeType":864},{},[14067],{"type":899},"Vector 3: OAuth supply chain attacks through compromised integrators",{"data":14070,"content":14071,"nodeType":860},{},[14072],{"data":14073,"marks":14074,"value":14075,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The third vector does not require the attacker to phish the victim organization's employees at all. Instead, it exploits the OAuth trust relationships that organizations create when they connect third-party SaaS vendors into their environments — and the consequence is that every organization that authorized one of these integrations effectively extended its security boundary to include the vendor's own security posture.",{"data":14077,"content":14078,"nodeType":860},{},[14079,14082,14090],{"data":14080,"marks":14081,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14083,"content":14085,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14084},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/data-theft-salesforce-instances-via-salesloft-drift",[14086],{"data":14087,"marks":14088,"value":14089,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Salesloft/Drift supply chain attack",{"data":14091,"marks":14092,"value":14093,"nodeType":864},{},[]," demonstrated this at scale in 2025: in an extension of the previously mentioned device code phishing campaign, the attacker compromised Salesloft's GitHub environment, used TruffleHog to find secrets, stole Drift OAuth tokens, and used them to access downstream Salesforce environments. The same pattern was later repeated at Gainsight. ",{"data":14095,"content":14096,"nodeType":860},{},[14097],{"data":14098,"marks":14099,"value":14100,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Along with the previously mentioned device code phishing attacks,  more than 1000 organizations were breached. The attackers then harvested AWS keys, Snowflake credentials, and stored passwords from breached Salesforce instances, compounding the access into progressively wider reach.",{"data":14102,"content":14103,"nodeType":860},{},[14104,14108,14116,14120,14128,14132,14139],{"data":14105,"marks":14106,"value":14107,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same structural pattern has continued into 2026 with the Anodot supply chain compromise, which has produced confirmed breaches at ",{"data":14109,"content":14111,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14110},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/vimeo-data-breach-exposes-personal-information-of-119-000-people/",[14112],{"data":14113,"marks":14114,"value":14115,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Vimeo",{"data":14117,"marks":14118,"value":14119,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (119,000 users), Rockstar Games (78.6 million records), and ",{"data":14121,"content":14123,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14122},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/zara-data-breach-exposed-personal-information-of-197-000-people/",[14124],{"data":14125,"marks":14126,"value":14127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Zara/Inditex",{"data":14129,"marks":14130,"value":14131,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (197,000 people), with further downstream victims likely still emerging. The ",{"data":14133,"content":14134,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},[14135],{"data":14136,"marks":14137,"value":14138,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Vercel breach",{"data":14140,"marks":14141,"value":14142,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which involved compromised OAuth tokens from Context.ai cascading into Google Workspace, also reinforces the same attack pattern (though it was likely not a ShinyHunters operation despite being claimed by someone pretending to be them).",{"data":14144,"content":14145,"nodeType":860},{},[14146],{"data":14147,"marks":14148,"value":14149,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A forgotten SaaS integration can easily become the pivot point for downstream compromise. The moment you authorize a third-party integration, your security boundary extends to include that vendor. If the third-party is compromised, every downstream customer organization with an active integration is exposed.",{"data":14151,"content":14152,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":14154,"content":14155,"nodeType":1009},{},[14156],{"data":14157,"marks":14158,"value":14160,"nodeType":864},{},[14159],{"type":899},"The infostealer credential playbook sits alongside these attacks",{"data":14162,"content":14163,"nodeType":860},{},[14164,14168,14176],{"data":14165,"marks":14166,"value":14167,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside the three vectors above, ShinyHunters has a track record of exploiting the infostealer credential economy at scale — and it predates any of them. The 2024 Snowflake campaign — 165+ customer environments compromised, over a billion records stolen from AT&T, Ticketmaster, Santander, and Advance Auto Parts among others — was built entirely on infostealer-harvested credentials replayed against MFA-less tenants, with ",{"data":14169,"content":14171,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14170},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc5537-snowflake-data-theft-extortion",[14172],{"data":14173,"marks":14174,"value":14175,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant's investigation",{"data":14177,"marks":14178,"value":14179,"nodeType":864},{},[]," finding that 80% of compromised accounts had prior breach exposure in datasets dating back to 2020. The credentials were already circulating in criminal marketplaces; ShinyHunters simply purchased and operationalized them at industrial scale.",{"data":14181,"content":14182,"nodeType":860},{},[14183,14187,14195,14199,14207,14211,14219,14223,14231],{"data":14184,"marks":14185,"value":14186,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same methodology powered the ",{"data":14188,"content":14190,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14189},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-targeting-jira-with-stolen-credentials/",[14191],{"data":14192,"marks":14193,"value":14194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"HellCat Jira campaign",{"data":14196,"marks":14197,"value":14198,"nodeType":864},{},[]," through 2024–2025, and has now been industrialized as a standalone operation by ",{"data":14200,"content":14202,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14201},"https://www.halcyon.ai/jp/threat-group/coinbasecartel",[14203],{"data":14204,"marks":14205,"value":14206,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CoinbaseCartel",{"data":14208,"marks":14209,"value":14210,"nodeType":864},{},[],", another criminal group reported to be an offshoot of SLH. CoinbaseCartel's model is familiar: purchase old infostealer credentials, use them to access cloud and development environments, exfiltrate data, and demand ransom. ",{"data":14212,"content":14214,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14213},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/inside-the-coinbase-cartel-how-infostealer-credentials-fueled-a-100-company-ransomware-spree/",[14215],{"data":14216,"marks":14217,"value":14218,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hudson Rock's analysis",{"data":14220,"marks":14221,"value":14222,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of the group's 170+ claimed victims confirms that roughly 80% had prior infostealer infections predating the attacks. The most recent named victim is ",{"data":14224,"content":14226,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14225},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/grafana-says-stolen-github-token-let-hackers-steal-codebase/",[14227],{"data":14228,"marks":14229,"value":14230,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Grafana",{"data":14232,"marks":14233,"value":14234,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where a GitHub token compromised via the TanStack npm supply chain attack and missed during credential rotation was used to download the codebase and attempt extortion. ",{"data":14236,"content":14237,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":14239,"content":14240,"nodeType":1009},{},[14241],{"data":14242,"marks":14243,"value":14245,"nodeType":864},{},[14244],{"type":899},"These attacks all happen in the browser",{"data":14247,"content":14248,"nodeType":860},{},[14249,14253,14260],{"data":14250,"marks":14251,"value":14252,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every one of these attack chains is a browser-based attack that either occurs in the browser (AiTM phishing, device code phishing) or could have been prevented at the browser layer (OAuth consent governance). The techniques are interchangeable — the",{"data":14254,"content":14255,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[14256],{"data":14257,"marks":14258,"value":14259,"nodeType":864},{},[]," same criminal kits now offer AiTM and device code phishing side by side",{"data":14261,"marks":14262,"value":14263,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the same threat actor (ShinyHunters) has used all three vectors across different campaigns within the same twelve-month period.",{"data":14265,"content":14266,"nodeType":860},{},[14267,14271,14278],{"data":14268,"marks":14269,"value":14270,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Additionally, infostealer infections themselves are increasingly delivered through browser-based methods like ",{"data":14272,"content":14274,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14273},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection",[14275],{"data":14276,"marks":14277,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14279,"marks":14280,"value":14281,"nodeType":864},{},[],", closing the loop between the credential supply side and the browser-layer detection point.",{"data":14283,"content":14284,"nodeType":1312},{},[14285],{"data":14286,"marks":14287,"value":14289,"nodeType":864},{},[14288],{"type":899},"How Push can help",{"data":14291,"content":14292,"nodeType":860},{},[14293],{"data":14294,"marks":14295,"value":14296,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push operates at the exact point in each of these attack chains where automated intervention can still prevent the compromise. ",{"data":14298,"content":14299,"nodeType":860},{},[14300,14305],{"data":14301,"marks":14302,"value":14304,"nodeType":864},{},[14303],{"type":899},"For vishing + AiTM attacks, ",{"data":14306,"marks":14307,"value":14308,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's behavioral phishing detection analyzes and blocks the phishing page in real time by detecting it from the user's browser — regardless of the domains used, hosting infrastructure, or where the URL was delivered.  ",{"data":14310,"content":14311,"nodeType":860},{},[14312,14317],{"data":14313,"marks":14314,"value":14316,"nodeType":864},{},[14315],{"type":899},"For device code phishing,",{"data":14318,"marks":14319,"value":14320,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push detects the phishing pages associated with device code phishing kits — including generic, technique-class detections that catch new kits without requiring kit-specific signatures. Second, Push provides an additional layer of protection on the legitimate device code authentication pages themselves, preventing users from entering attacker-supplied codes into them. Together, these detections cover both the kit-operated phishing infrastructure and the legitimate auth pages that the attack flow depends on.",{"data":14322,"content":14323,"nodeType":860},{},[14324,14329],{"data":14325,"marks":14326,"value":14328,"nodeType":864},{},[14327],{"type":899},"For OAuth supply chain attacks,",{"data":14330,"marks":14331,"value":14332,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push's detects and controls OAuth consent flows at the browser layer — capturing which application is requesting access, what scopes it's requesting, and whether the grant should be permitted under organizational policy. Push customers can also block OAuth connection requests as they transit the browser, enabling security teams to stop unwanted integrations being added in the first place. ",{"data":14334,"content":14335,"nodeType":860},{},[14336,14341],{"data":14337,"marks":14338,"value":14340,"nodeType":864},{},[14339],{"type":899},"For the infostealer credential playbook,",{"data":14342,"marks":14343,"value":14344,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push's stolen credential detection identifies when employees are using credentials that have appeared in breach datasets or dark web feeds — catching the moment a dormant infostealer credential surfaces at a browser-based login, as well as surfacing insecure login methods missing mitigating controls like MFA and enforcing them through in-browser guardrails. And on the supply side, Push's ClickFix detection addresses the browser-based delivery vector that is now the primary method for distributing infostealer malware in the first place.",{"data":14346,"content":14347,"nodeType":860},{},[14348,14351,14358],{"data":14349,"marks":14350,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14352,"content":14353,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9314},[14354],{"data":14355,"marks":14356,"value":14357,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about how you can use Push controls to protect your users from in-browser threats here. ",{"data":14359,"marks":14360,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14362,"content":14363,"nodeType":1312},{},[14364],{"data":14365,"marks":14366,"value":14368,"nodeType":864},{},[14367],{"type":899},"Closing thoughts",{"data":14370,"content":14371,"nodeType":860},{},[14372],{"data":14373,"marks":14374,"value":14375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The campaigns documented in this post are not historical — they are ongoing, with new victims surfacing weekly and the underlying criminal infrastructure still actively developing. But the defensive strategy does not require anticipating which specific group, vector, or target sector comes next, because all of them converge on the same control point: the browser, where the attack begins or the integration decision is made. Organizations with browser-layer detection and OAuth governance in place have defense-in-depth against the full range of techniques these groups employ, regardless of which specific vector any given campaign uses.",{"data":14377,"content":14378,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":14380,"content":14381,"nodeType":860},{},[14382],{"data":14383,"marks":14384,"value":4855,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14386,"content":14387,"nodeType":860},{},[14388],{"data":14389,"marks":14390,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14392,"content":14393,"nodeType":860},{},[14394,14397,14403],{"data":14395,"marks":14396,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14398,"content":14399,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},[14400],{"data":14401,"marks":14402,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14404,"marks":14405,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14407,"content":14408,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":14410,"content":14411,"nodeType":1009},{},[14412],{"data":14413,"marks":14414,"value":14416,"nodeType":864},{},[14415],{"type":899},"Appendix: named ShinyHunters victims since May 2025",{"data":14418,"content":14419,"nodeType":860},{},[14420,14424,14431],{"data":14421,"marks":14422,"value":14423,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To give an indication of the scale, the following table documents all publicly named victims attributed to ShinyHunters specifically since the Salesforce campaign began in May 2025. It is not exhaustive: ShinyHunters has claimed over 1,000 organizations in aggregate across its Salesforce campaigns alone, and many victims have not been publicly named. This list also doesn’t include the billion-plus records compromised in the 2024 Snowflake breaches. The major ransomware attacks executed against M&S, Co-op, and Jaguar Land Rover claimed by the ",{"data":14425,"content":14426,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5100},[14427],{"data":14428,"marks":14429,"value":14430,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters \"brand\"",{"data":14432,"marks":14433,"value":14434,"nodeType":864},{},[]," also aren't listed below. ",{"data":14436,"content":14437,"nodeType":4845},{},[14438,14485,14549,14597,14645],{"data":14439,"content":14440,"nodeType":4581},{},[14441,14452,14463,14474],{"data":14442,"content":14443,"nodeType":4569},{},[14444],{"data":14445,"content":14446,"nodeType":860},{},[14447],{"data":14448,"marks":14449,"value":14451,"nodeType":864},{},[14450],{"type":899},"Campaign",{"data":14453,"content":14454,"nodeType":4569},{},[14455],{"data":14456,"content":14457,"nodeType":860},{},[14458],{"data":14459,"marks":14460,"value":14462,"nodeType":864},{},[14461],{"type":899},"Began",{"data":14464,"content":14465,"nodeType":4569},{},[14466],{"data":14467,"content":14468,"nodeType":860},{},[14469],{"data":14470,"marks":14471,"value":14473,"nodeType":864},{},[14472],{"type":899},"Named victims",{"data":14475,"content":14476,"nodeType":4569},{},[14477],{"data":14478,"content":14479,"nodeType":860},{},[14480],{"data":14481,"marks":14482,"value":14484,"nodeType":864},{},[14483],{"type":899},"Confirmed impact",{"data":14486,"content":14487,"nodeType":4581},{},[14488,14512,14522,14532],{"data":14489,"content":14490,"nodeType":4569},{},[14491],{"data":14492,"content":14493,"nodeType":860},{},[14494,14499,14503,14508],{"data":14495,"marks":14496,"value":14498,"nodeType":864},{},[14497],{"type":899},"ShinyHunters Salesforce Vishing",{"data":14500,"marks":14501,"value":14502,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (vishing + device code phishing → Salesforce connected app authorization) \n\n& ",{"data":14504,"marks":14505,"value":14507,"nodeType":864},{},[14506],{"type":899},"Salesloft/Drift Supply Chain",{"data":14509,"marks":14510,"value":14511,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (stolen OAuth tokens → downstream Salesforce access)",{"data":14513,"content":14514,"nodeType":4569},{},[14515],{"data":14516,"content":14517,"nodeType":860},{},[14518],{"data":14519,"marks":14520,"value":14521,"nodeType":864},{},[],"May 2025",{"data":14523,"content":14524,"nodeType":4569},{},[14525],{"data":14526,"content":14527,"nodeType":860},{},[14528],{"data":14529,"marks":14530,"value":14531,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Coca-Cola Europacific Partners, Cisco, Qantas, LVMH, Adidas, Google, Chanel, Pandora, Allianz Life, Air France-KLM, Farmers Insurance, Workday, TransUnion, Stellantis, Kering, Odido, Hallmark, Salesloft (origin), Toast, Avalara, Fastly, Cato Networks, Cloudflare, Palo Alto Networks, Zscaler, Tenable, Elastic, JFrog, CyberArk, Rubrik, BeyondTrust, Proofpoint, Workiva, Mercer Advisors, Beacon Pointe, Ameriprise, Kemper, Udemy, 7-Eleven, Mytheresa, Marcus & Millichap, Carnival, Pitney Bowes, Alert 360, Amtrak, McGraw-Hill, Canada Life, Charter Communications",{"data":14533,"content":14534,"nodeType":4569},{},[14535,14542],{"data":14536,"content":14537,"nodeType":860},{},[14538],{"data":14539,"marks":14540,"value":14541,"nodeType":864},{},[],"49 named victims. Confirmed individual impact includes 23M+ records (Coca-Cola), 5.7M records (Qantas), 6.2M customers (Odido), 4.4M consumers (TransUnion), up to 18M records (Stellantis), 13.5M emails (McGraw-Hill), 8.2M emails (Pitney Bowes), 7.5M emails (Carnival), 7-Eleven: 185K confirmed by HIBP (SSNs, driver's licenses; franchisee data), Charter Communications: millions of records claimed (company disputes scope). ",{"data":14543,"content":14544,"nodeType":860},{},[14545],{"data":14546,"marks":14547,"value":14548,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters claims 1.5B+ Salesforce records across 1,000+ organizations total.",{"data":14550,"content":14551,"nodeType":4581},{},[14552,14567,14577,14587],{"data":14553,"content":14554,"nodeType":4569},{},[14555],{"data":14556,"content":14557,"nodeType":860},{},[14558,14563],{"data":14559,"marks":14560,"value":14562,"nodeType":864},{},[14561],{"type":899},"Vishing + AiTM SSO",{"data":14564,"marks":14565,"value":14566,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (vishing → AiTM phishing page → SSO session capture → SaaS data exfiltration)",{"data":14568,"content":14569,"nodeType":4569},{},[14570],{"data":14571,"content":14572,"nodeType":860},{},[14573],{"data":14574,"marks":14575,"value":14576,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Aug 2025",{"data":14578,"content":14579,"nodeType":4569},{},[14580],{"data":14581,"content":14582,"nodeType":860},{},[14583],{"data":14584,"marks":14585,"value":14586,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SoundCloud, GrubHub, Panera Bread, Match Group, Crunchbase, Betterment, CarMax, Edmunds, CarGurus, Hims & Hers, University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, Optimizely, TELUS Digital, Crunchyroll, ADT",{"data":14588,"content":14589,"nodeType":4569},{},[14590],{"data":14591,"content":14592,"nodeType":860},{},[14593],{"data":14594,"marks":14595,"value":14596,"nodeType":864},{},[],"16 named victims. Confirmed individual impact includes ~30M records (SoundCloud), ~14M records (Panera), 10M+ records (Match Group), ~20M records (Betterment), 5.5M people (ADT), 1M+ records (UPenn), ~1PB stolen from TELUS Digital ($65M ransom refused).",{"data":14598,"content":14599,"nodeType":4581},{},[14600,14615,14625,14635],{"data":14601,"content":14602,"nodeType":4569},{},[14603],{"data":14604,"content":14605,"nodeType":860},{},[14606,14611],{"data":14607,"marks":14608,"value":14610,"nodeType":864},{},[14609],{"type":899},"Anodot Supply Chain",{"data":14612,"marks":14613,"value":14614,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (stolen OAuth tokens → downstream Snowflake/BigQuery access)",{"data":14616,"content":14617,"nodeType":4569},{},[14618],{"data":14619,"content":14620,"nodeType":860},{},[14621],{"data":14622,"marks":14623,"value":14624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Apr 2026",{"data":14626,"content":14627,"nodeType":4569},{},[14628],{"data":14629,"content":14630,"nodeType":860},{},[14631],{"data":14632,"marks":14633,"value":14634,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Anodot/Glassbox (origin), Rockstar Games, Vimeo, Zara/Inditex",{"data":14636,"content":14637,"nodeType":4569},{},[14638],{"data":14639,"content":14640,"nodeType":860},{},[14641],{"data":14642,"marks":14643,"value":14644,"nodeType":864},{},[],"4 named victims (12+ total claimed). 78.6M records (Rockstar Games), 197K individuals (Zara), 119K individuals (Vimeo).",{"data":14646,"content":14647,"nodeType":4581},{},[14648,14663,14672,14682],{"data":14649,"content":14650,"nodeType":4569},{},[14651],{"data":14652,"content":14653,"nodeType":860},{},[14654,14659],{"data":14655,"marks":14656,"value":14658,"nodeType":864},{},[14657],{"type":899},"Other SLH-attributed",{"data":14660,"marks":14661,"value":14662,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (misc. vectors including infostealer chains, CI/CD supply chain, SaaS platform compromise)",{"data":14664,"content":14665,"nodeType":4569},{},[14666],{"data":14667,"content":14668,"nodeType":860},{},[14669],{"data":14670,"marks":14671,"value":14521,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":14673,"content":14674,"nodeType":4569},{},[14675],{"data":14676,"content":14677,"nodeType":860},{},[14678],{"data":14679,"marks":14680,"value":14681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"UK Legal Aid Agency, Mixpanel, Wynn Resorts, Woflow, Vercel, European Commission, Mercor, Medtronic, Instructure",{"data":14683,"content":14684,"nodeType":4569},{},[14685],{"data":14686,"content":14687,"nodeType":860},{},[14688],{"data":14689,"marks":14690,"value":14691,"nodeType":864},{},[],"10 named victims across varied vectors. 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",{"data":15605,"marks":15606,"value":15608,"nodeType":864},{},[15607],{"type":2246},"But how to separate signal from noise?",{"data":15610,"content":15611,"nodeType":860},{},[15612],{"data":15613,"marks":15614,"value":15615,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our hunt combined the skills of human researchers and AI agents to find 12 meaningful results from trillions of browser events visible to the Push extension across our install base.",{"data":15617,"content":15618,"nodeType":860},{},[15619],{"data":15620,"marks":15621,"value":15623,"nodeType":864},{},[15622],{"type":899},"Of those, one was novel. ",{"data":15625,"content":15626,"nodeType":860},{},[15627],{"data":15628,"marks":15629,"value":15630,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A user had searched for NotebookLM, clicked a paid Google ad, and gotten redirected to a page impersonating NotebookLM. The page itself was just a facade fronting a Cloudflare Pages-hosted phishing kit with a WebAssembly C2 connector. To the user, it looked like a completely on-brand NotebookLM page, and if they had run the fake install prompt, they would have installed malware. 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",{"data":15662,"content":15663,"nodeType":860},{},[15664],{"data":15665,"marks":15666,"value":15667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Eighteen months ago, it would have taken a human analyst days or even weeks to unpack the attack, comb through web requests, de-obfuscate web code, trace JavaScript execution, and extract signals of tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) beyond short-lived single-use IOCs like domain name, then get their work coded up as a detection and deployed to customers. ",{"data":15669,"content":15670,"nodeType":860},{},[15671],{"data":15672,"marks":15673,"value":15674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That was viable when new tools or techniques showed up once or twice a quarter. It doesn’t stand a chance when attack evolutions occur weekly or even daily. That’s the reality now with AI-generated adversary tools.",{"data":15676,"content":15677,"nodeType":860},{},[15678,15683],{"data":15679,"marks":15680,"value":15682,"nodeType":864},{},[15681],{"type":899},"So, can AI agents replace human threat researchers?",{"data":15684,"marks":15685,"value":15686,"nodeType":864},{},[]," That’s the wrong question. Can AI agents massively scale the expertise of a seasoned human threat hunter without getting bored of repetitive tasks, missing pertinent but easily overlooked details, or creating operational siloes dependent on one person’s knowledge — and do its work continuously across trillions of data points? 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That output points to the first problem we set out to solve by employing AI agents: Scaling our research team’s considerable expertise.",{"data":15721,"content":15722,"nodeType":860},{},[15723,15727,15736],{"data":15724,"marks":15725,"value":15726,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s R&D team are experts at understanding and unpacking modern browser-based attacks. This is essential when you consider how quickly attacks themselves are evolving. When we created the ",{"data":15728,"content":15732,"nodeType":15592},{"target":15729},{"sys":15730},{"id":15731,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"211Dd0EIrXPOFpvRgs0fEE",[15733],{"data":15734,"marks":15735,"value":6772,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":15737,"marks":15738,"value":15739,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in 2023 (then called the SaaS Attacks Matrix), many of the ideas in it were theoretical. Not anymore. ",{"data":15741,"content":15742,"nodeType":941},{},[15743,15753,15777],{"data":15744,"content":15745,"nodeType":945},{},[15746],{"data":15747,"content":15748,"nodeType":860},{},[15749],{"data":15750,"marks":15751,"value":15752,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve tracked the rise of AiTM phish kits from their status as MFA-bypassing novelties to the emergence of an entire criminal ecosystem built around increasingly sophisticated Phishing-as-a-Service tools. ",{"data":15754,"content":15755,"nodeType":945},{},[15756],{"data":15757,"content":15758,"nodeType":860},{},[15759,15763,15773],{"data":15760,"marks":15761,"value":15762,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We imagined the simple but effective power of using device code authorization for phishing three years ago; in the last few months, we’ve detected a 37x increase in ",{"data":15764,"content":15768,"nodeType":15592},{"target":15765},{"sys":15766},{"id":15767,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5DmCqTU2Tg4adYScA5vT2x",[15769],{"data":15770,"marks":15771,"value":15772,"nodeType":864},{},[],"device code phishing attacks",{"data":15774,"marks":15775,"value":15776,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across our install base. ",{"data":15778,"content":15779,"nodeType":945},{},[15780],{"data":15781,"content":15782,"nodeType":860},{},[15783,15787,15796,15800,15809,15813,15823,15826,15834,15837,15847],{"data":15784,"marks":15785,"value":15786,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We were also the first to detect a novel post-authorization attack we dubbed ",{"data":15788,"content":15792,"nodeType":15592},{"target":15789},{"sys":15790},{"id":15791,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"71EaaK7lfl6bQBbkAU0qjv",[15793],{"data":15794,"marks":15795,"value":5858,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":15797,"marks":15798,"value":15799,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that combines OAuth consent phishing and ClickFix-style user prompts; reported on the rise of the ridiculously simple yet effective ",{"data":15801,"content":15804,"nodeType":15592},{"target":15802},{"sys":15803},{"id":15643,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[15805],{"data":15806,"marks":15807,"value":15808,"nodeType":864},{},[],"InstallFix technique",{"data":15810,"marks":15811,"value":15812,"nodeType":864},{},[]," described earlier; and detected an array of other ",{"data":15814,"content":15818,"nodeType":15592},{"target":15815},{"sys":15816},{"id":15817,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2YmiesBvJHGw4wiKEKzLUq",[15819],{"data":15820,"marks":15821,"value":15822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"creative",{"data":15824,"marks":15825,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":15827,"content":15830,"nodeType":15592},{"target":15828},{"sys":15829},{"id":15587,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[15831],{"data":15832,"marks":15833,"value":520,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":15835,"marks":15836,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":15838,"content":15842,"nodeType":15592},{"target":15839},{"sys":15840},{"id":15841,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Zosy4SU0LpjlaSWX75peb",[15843],{"data":15844,"marks":15845,"value":15846,"nodeType":864},{},[],"campaigns",{"data":15848,"marks":15849,"value":15850,"nodeType":864},{},[]," tied to malvertising scams.",{"data":15852,"content":15855,"nodeType":996},{"target":15853},{"sys":15854},{"id":7121,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":15857,"content":15858,"nodeType":860},{},[15859],{"data":15860,"marks":15861,"value":15862,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With an agentic approach, we could scale this expertise and reduce the time it takes to go from technique discovery to production-ready detection. This speed is critical now because adversaries are also using AI tools to do their work, exploding the number of trivial-to-rotate indicators of compromise and overwhelming existing detection workflows that lack an equivalent machine speed.",{"data":15864,"content":15868,"nodeType":996},{"target":15865},{"sys":15866},{"id":15867,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1u00uFbC4xsvP9lqahXbgD",[],{"data":15870,"content":15871,"nodeType":1312},{},[15872],{"data":15873,"marks":15874,"value":15876,"nodeType":864},{},[15875],{"type":899},"Scaling behavioral detections, not just making bigger blocklists",{"data":15878,"content":15879,"nodeType":860},{},[15880],{"data":15881,"marks":15882,"value":15883,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But output numbers alone don’t tell the story of successful detections. That’s the other problem we set out to solve at scale: Most secure browser solutions rely on detection logic based on blocking known-bad indicators like domains, IPs, and URLs.",{"data":15885,"content":15886,"nodeType":860},{},[15887,15892],{"data":15888,"marks":15889,"value":15891,"nodeType":864},{},[15890],{"type":899},"If your solution offers 1,000 detections, and they’re all based on known-bad indicators that are easily rotated, then you’ve got 1,000 detections that worked once and will likely never fire again. ",{"data":15893,"marks":15894,"value":15895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They certainly won’t catch subtle adaptations in adversary techniques that don’t rely on infrastructure changes, which are easy for attackers to swap anyway. ",{"data":15897,"content":15898,"nodeType":860},{},[15899],{"data":15900,"marks":15901,"value":15902,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does it differently. Our detection engine is focused on hunting for tactics, techniques, and procedures: the behavioral fingerprints of an attack, not just the infrastructure it runs on. ",{"data":15904,"content":15908,"nodeType":996},{"target":15905},{"sys":15906},{"id":15907,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5jR3YVUiusHGnXDOyrgYpr",[],{"data":15910,"content":15911,"nodeType":860},{},[15912],{"data":15913,"marks":15914,"value":15915,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of blocking based on known-bad domains, URLs, and IPs, our detections are built around user-level and page-level behaviors like what scripts load, how redirects behave, what events fire, what actions a user takes and what happens next, etc. (In fact, Push detections don’t even use any infrastructure-based IOCs, though customers can write their own custom detections if they have a specific IOC they’re keeping an eye on.)",{"data":15917,"content":15918,"nodeType":860},{},[15919,15924,15935],{"data":15920,"marks":15921,"value":15923,"nodeType":864},{},[15922],{"type":899},"All the detections we write would survive infrastructure rotation by adversaries, and many of our existing detections have caught never-before-seen evolutions in TTPs. That’s because we focus on the top of the ",{"data":15925,"content":15929,"nodeType":15592},{"target":15926},{"sys":15927},{"id":15928,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1qegIy4rMdm5XZXnIEoKpE",[15930],{"data":15931,"marks":15932,"value":15934,"nodeType":864},{},[15933],{"type":899},"Pyramid of Pain",{"data":15936,"marks":15937,"value":15939,"nodeType":864},{},[15938],{"type":899},", the indicators that are hardest for attackers to change.",{"data":15941,"content":15942,"nodeType":860},{},[15943],{"data":15944,"marks":15945,"value":15946,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This focus on detecting TTPs has always been our approach. But with the acceleration in both attack types and the ease with which adversaries rotate infrastructure, we needed to build capabilities that scaled our knowledge. ",{"data":15948,"content":15949,"nodeType":860},{},[15950],{"data":15951,"marks":15952,"value":15953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We did this not by replacing researchers, but by continuously activating their expertise. You can hear what our CEO and Co-founder Adam had to say about this below. ",{"data":15955,"content":15959,"nodeType":996},{"target":15956},{"sys":15957},{"id":15958,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"C9gr4nF3f6CW45Aol9xij",[],{"data":15961,"content":15962,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":15964,"content":15965,"nodeType":1009},{},[15966],{"data":15967,"marks":15968,"value":15970,"nodeType":864},{},[15969],{"type":899},"Core principles for agentic threat hunting",{"data":15972,"content":15973,"nodeType":860},{},[15974],{"data":15975,"marks":15976,"value":15977,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Three principles make Push's agentic threat hunting and detection engineering pipeline work:",{"data":15979,"content":15980,"nodeType":1312},{},[15981],{"data":15982,"marks":15983,"value":15985,"nodeType":864},{},[15984],{"type":899},"Context matters more than custom models",{"data":15987,"content":15988,"nodeType":860},{},[15989],{"data":15990,"marks":15991,"value":15992,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re not AI researchers; we’re security researchers — we aren't trying to compete in building the most intelligent models. And in our view, AI models are quickly becoming commoditized like cloud infrastructure, anyway. Luckily, the commercial models today already excel at understanding web code. We just need to harness their power with our expertise.",{"data":15994,"content":15995,"nodeType":860},{},[15996,16000,16005],{"data":15997,"marks":15998,"value":15999,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So at Push, we use a variety of commercial AI models and tools in complementary ways. What matters most is the telemetry they analyze, and that’s where Push’s existing product infrastructure shines: We’re already deployed into over ",{"data":16001,"marks":16002,"value":16004,"nodeType":864},{},[16003],{"type":899},"3 million browsers worldwide",{"data":16006,"marks":16007,"value":16008,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the Push browser extension includes a component that operates as a flight recorder to locally record everything that matters inside a browser session.",{"data":16010,"content":16011,"nodeType":860},{},[16012],{"data":16013,"marks":16014,"value":16015,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This universe of metadata — DOM elements, tab context, script execution, network traffic, user actions, credential entry, etc. — becomes the searchable corpus for hunts. Metadata is stored locally in users’ browsers and only queried during targeted threat hunts. ",{"data":16017,"content":16018,"nodeType":860},{},[16019],{"data":16020,"marks":16021,"value":16022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This approach avoids dragnet collection of sensitive data. Instead, we focus on collecting metadata and distilling that into patterns and insights that provide context for agents to perform their analysis. This means that Push also does not train or fine-tune models on customer data.",{"data":16024,"content":16025,"nodeType":1312},{},[16026],{"data":16027,"marks":16028,"value":16030,"nodeType":864},{},[16029],{"type":899},"Agents are only as good as the context you give them. Good context is researcher-led",{"data":16032,"content":16033,"nodeType":860},{},[16034],{"data":16035,"marks":16036,"value":16037,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI agents don’t know how to identify the TTPs of browser-based attacks until you give them the right context, and Push researchers have spent years unpacking these techniques and tools. Agents at Push consume our internal knowledge base of identified TTPs, and both humans and agents perform meta-analyses to check their work. The agents have access to large libraries of traces of human interactions with real phishing kits. This is a powerful dataset to build on.",{"data":16039,"content":16040,"nodeType":860},{},[16041],{"data":16042,"marks":16043,"value":16044,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we don’t get the results we want from AI models, the question is “What context is it missing? What does our human team know that the agents don’t, and how can we give them that context — do they need data, tools, better workflows?” That closes the gap in performance and keeps quality high.",{"data":16046,"content":16047,"nodeType":1312},{},[16048],{"data":16049,"marks":16050,"value":16052,"nodeType":864},{},[16051],{"type":899},"Integrated architecture that makes agentic AI the throughput layer, not a bolt-on",{"data":16054,"content":16055,"nodeType":860},{},[16056],{"data":16057,"marks":16058,"value":16059,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The constraint we’re trying to break by using AI isn’t knowledge, it’s throughput. Our researchers deeply understand the techniques and tools. An agentic pipeline can apply that understanding continuously across millions of browsers and trillions of events, ingest new external signals, generate hunt hypotheses, triage results, and return only the findings that warrant escalation.",{"data":16061,"content":16062,"nodeType":860},{},[16063],{"data":16064,"marks":16065,"value":16066,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This approach relies on tight integration of our product and our agentic workflows. We’ll take a closer look at that in the next section.",{"data":16068,"content":16069,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":16071,"content":16072,"nodeType":1009},{},[16073],{"data":16074,"marks":16075,"value":16077,"nodeType":864},{},[16076],{"type":899},"How the agentic detection pipeline runs",{"data":16079,"content":16080,"nodeType":860},{},[16081],{"data":16082,"marks":16083,"value":16084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now let’s look at how agentic threat detection actually works, and some of the emerging best practices we’ve identified. We'll cover two example hunts, one initiated autonomously by the agents themselves, and one by our research team. ",{"data":16086,"content":16087,"nodeType":1312},{},[16088],{"data":16089,"marks":16090,"value":16092,"nodeType":864},{},[16091],{"type":899},"Example 1: Autonomous threat hunt",{"data":16094,"content":16095,"nodeType":860},{},[16096],{"data":16097,"marks":16098,"value":16099,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s threat hunting pipeline ingested context from research articles describing a new attack technique, and an agent developed hypotheses on what to hunt for across Push’s install base to identify instances of this attack. ",{"data":16101,"content":16102,"nodeType":860},{},[16103],{"data":16104,"marks":16105,"value":16106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The agent crafted detection queries and then refined them to reduce false positives. The successful query ran across stored metadata and returned results, validating that there were zero false positives. ",{"data":16108,"content":16109,"nodeType":860},{},[16110],{"data":16111,"marks":16112,"value":16113,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The validated query became a scheduled job that runs on a regular cadence to monitor for potentially malicious signals. A triage agent then received any matches, did an initial analysis, and passed anything that looked suspicious to another agent to perform deeper analysis. This deep analysis agent wields the full investigative toolkit that a human researcher would — using Push’s internal knowledge base, domain age and registration analysis, URLScan and whois lookups, DOM image analysis, and contextual analysis of page-level and user-level behaviors, etc.",{"data":16115,"content":16116,"nodeType":860},{},[16117],{"data":16118,"marks":16119,"value":16120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Within a few minutes, it can filter a thousand or more signals in a hunt trace down to a handful with meaning and provide an actionable assessment. Then, once the TTP was well-understood, other agents wrote and refined detections that can raise alerts for customers when an event of this type is seen. The Push platform immediately applies the customer’s configured security controls, such as blocking users from interacting with malicious pages.",{"data":16122,"content":16123,"nodeType":1312},{},[16124],{"data":16125,"marks":16126,"value":16128,"nodeType":864},{},[16127],{"type":899},"Example 2: Human-initiated threat hunt",{"data":16130,"content":16131,"nodeType":860},{},[16132],{"data":16133,"marks":16134,"value":16135,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, going back to the example from the beginning of the article: InstallFix. This hunt started with a thorny problem our research team needed to solve: How to detect bad things downstream of a user interacting with a Google ad? We needed a way to pinpoint the bad links from the good ones.",{"data":16137,"content":16138,"nodeType":860},{},[16139,16143,16148,16151,16156,16159,16164],{"data":16140,"marks":16141,"value":16142,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our researchers collaborated with agents to formulate the right parameters for hunt queries, taking into account that good ads are normally bought by companies with marketing budgets, so therefore ads will be expected to redirect to pages hosted on custom domains, not shared domains like ",{"data":16144,"marks":16145,"value":16147,"nodeType":864},{},[16146],{"type":899},"*pages.dev",{"data":16149,"marks":16150,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":16152,"marks":16153,"value":16155,"nodeType":864},{},[16154],{"type":899},"*workers.dev",{"data":16157,"marks":16158,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":16160,"marks":16161,"value":16163,"nodeType":864},{},[16162],{"type":899},"*squarespace.com",{"data":16165,"marks":16166,"value":16167,"nodeType":864},{},[],", etc.",{"data":16169,"content":16170,"nodeType":860},{},[16171],{"data":16172,"marks":16173,"value":16174,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our AI agents already understood key TTPs that indicated potential maliciousness on a page: password prompts, file downloads, OAuth integrations, clipboard copies, and similar user prompts that are frequently abused.",{"data":16176,"content":16177,"nodeType":860},{},[16178],{"data":16179,"marks":16180,"value":16181,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The agent ran several queries that returned matching browsing traces — the term we use for sequences of events in a session or tab context — where the user clicked a Google ad, was redirected to a page on a shared hosting domain, and then clicked a button to copy content to their clipboard.",{"data":16183,"content":16187,"nodeType":996},{"target":16184},{"sys":16185},{"id":16186,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4IWOrWuvbwzWRJUkINiwKH",[],{"data":16189,"content":16190,"nodeType":860},{},[16191],{"data":16192,"marks":16193,"value":16194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We got back high-fidelity findings and then tuned the query into a continuous detection that leveraged existing detection logic around related techniques. This process also effectively back-tests new detections, so we know we’re not going to generate a lot of false positives. Result: A new detection against a new technique, plus several improvements to existing detections.",{"data":16196,"content":16197,"nodeType":1312},{},[16198],{"data":16199,"marks":16200,"value":16202,"nodeType":864},{},[16201],{"type":899},"What infrastructure is needed for agentic threat hunting?",{"data":16204,"content":16205,"nodeType":860},{},[16206],{"data":16207,"marks":16208,"value":16209,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both of these examples illustrate the end-to-end workflows supported by this pipeline. From an infrastructure perspective, you can think about the pipeline as composed of:",{"data":16211,"content":16212,"nodeType":941},{},[16213,16228,16243,16258,16273],{"data":16214,"content":16215,"nodeType":945},{},[16216],{"data":16217,"content":16218,"nodeType":860},{},[16219,16224],{"data":16220,"marks":16221,"value":16223,"nodeType":864},{},[16222],{"type":899},"A flight recorder: ",{"data":16225,"marks":16226,"value":16227,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push extension-powered capability that collects and locally stores browser event metadata from users’ browsers.",{"data":16229,"content":16230,"nodeType":945},{},[16231],{"data":16232,"content":16233,"nodeType":860},{},[16234,16239],{"data":16235,"marks":16236,"value":16238,"nodeType":864},{},[16237],{"type":899},"A knowledge base:",{"data":16240,"marks":16241,"value":16242,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Structured knowledge about what Push knows about TTPs and its existing body of detection logic, as well as externally sourced signals of new attack trends.",{"data":16244,"content":16245,"nodeType":945},{},[16246],{"data":16247,"content":16248,"nodeType":860},{},[16249,16254],{"data":16250,"marks":16251,"value":16253,"nodeType":864},{},[16252],{"type":899},"Agents as tools: ",{"data":16255,"marks":16256,"value":16257,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Role-segmented agents that work as a team to triage, investigate, develop hunt queries, return analyses, write detections, and review each others’ work for completeness and accuracy.",{"data":16259,"content":16260,"nodeType":945},{},[16261],{"data":16262,"content":16263,"nodeType":860},{},[16264,16269],{"data":16265,"marks":16266,"value":16268,"nodeType":864},{},[16267],{"type":899},"Humans in the loop: ",{"data":16270,"marks":16271,"value":16272,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Human researchers who collaborate with agents to initiate hunts and tune detections.",{"data":16274,"content":16275,"nodeType":945},{},[16276],{"data":16277,"content":16278,"nodeType":860},{},[16279,16284],{"data":16280,"marks":16281,"value":16283,"nodeType":864},{},[16282],{"type":899},"Platform controls: ",{"data":16285,"marks":16286,"value":16287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push administrator-configured controls that specify how to respond to detected events like AiTM phishing, tuneable by scope, user groups, browser profiles, apps, etc.",{"data":16289,"content":16293,"nodeType":996},{"target":16290},{"sys":16291},{"id":16292,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7FY0vCBUXOt4vnudFuKALC",[],{"data":16295,"content":16296,"nodeType":1312},{},[16297],{"data":16298,"marks":16299,"value":16301,"nodeType":864},{},[16300],{"type":899},"What are the best practices for agentic threat detection?",{"data":16303,"content":16304,"nodeType":860},{},[16305,16309,16314],{"data":16306,"marks":16307,"value":16308,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be effective, agents must specialize and focus. This is the ",{"data":16310,"marks":16311,"value":16313,"nodeType":864},{},[16312],{"type":899},"agents as tools",{"data":16315,"marks":16316,"value":16317,"nodeType":864},{},[]," concept. When we’re asking AI agents to take massive amounts of data and make a high-level decision about a signal in observed browser events, they must work as a team, finding intelligent ways to condense information without losing important context or hallucinating.",{"data":16319,"content":16320,"nodeType":860},{},[16321],{"data":16322,"marks":16323,"value":16324,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Creating a hierarchy of agent jobs — including agents to perform meta-analyses to catch mistakes and verify conclusions — makes the agents effective by giving them a manageable focus that controls the size of context windows.",{"data":16326,"content":16330,"nodeType":996},{"target":16327},{"sys":16328},{"id":16329,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3fzJCknMUmh4Z7YnhBSbsT",[],{"data":16332,"content":16333,"nodeType":860},{},[16334],{"data":16335,"marks":16336,"value":16337,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Creating an agentic workflow requires operationalizing your internal knowledge in a repeatable and trustworthy way. Sharing rich context from human discoveries is the key to getting the best results out of agents. ",{"data":16339,"content":16340,"nodeType":860},{},[16341,16345,16350],{"data":16342,"marks":16343,"value":16344,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's vital too that the agent uses ",{"data":16346,"marks":16347,"value":16349,"nodeType":864},{},[16348],{"type":899},"privacy-preserving methods and infrastructure.",{"data":16351,"marks":16352,"value":16353,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The Push agent is designed to respect customer and user privacy while enabling high-fidelity detections. We do this by collecting broad browser metadata but storing it locally in users’ browsers and only querying that metadata during active threat hunting investigations.",{"data":16355,"content":16356,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":16358,"content":16359,"nodeType":1009},{},[16360],{"data":16361,"marks":16362,"value":16364,"nodeType":864},{},[16363],{"type":899},"The compounding effect and how it benefits Push customers",{"data":16366,"content":16367,"nodeType":860},{},[16368],{"data":16369,"marks":16370,"value":16371,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At Push, we think about our detection capability as two learning loops with a compounding effect: An inner loop that serves as our real-time detection and response engine for known attacker techniques, and an outer loop that is the continuous learning our agents do as they hunt for new threats, analyze emerging behaviors, and create new detections. ",{"data":16373,"content":16374,"nodeType":860},{},[16375],{"data":16376,"marks":16377,"value":16378,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The outer loop feeds the inner loop, and vice versa.",{"data":16380,"content":16384,"nodeType":996},{"target":16381},{"sys":16382},{"id":16383,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1Jjqll7IIX2QRxN37gjFMH",[],{"data":16386,"content":16387,"nodeType":860},{},[16388],{"data":16389,"marks":16390,"value":16391,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Customers benefit from this approach because it means they:",{"data":16393,"content":16394,"nodeType":941},{},[16395,16416,16426],{"data":16396,"content":16397,"nodeType":945},{},[16398],{"data":16399,"content":16400,"nodeType":860},{},[16401,16405,16412],{"data":16402,"marks":16403,"value":16404,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Regularly receive ready-made detections against both known and emerging browser-based threats, without having to write their own detections. (Push also provides the ability to write your own ",{"data":16406,"content":16408,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16407},"/help/audience/engineering/resources/custom-detections",[16409],{"data":16410,"marks":16411,"value":1578,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":16413,"marks":16414,"value":16415,"nodeType":864},{},[],", too, for environment-specific use cases.)",{"data":16417,"content":16418,"nodeType":945},{},[16419],{"data":16420,"content":16421,"nodeType":860},{},[16422],{"data":16423,"marks":16424,"value":16425,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Can configure Push’s response actions based on their security goals and environment. Agents act as the threat-hunting and detection engineering team; Push customers set the thresholds for how they want to respond. For example, customers can use Push controls to block all AiTM phishing attacks (or even carve out exceptions for their own incident responders to be able to visit malicious pages with just a warning), and agents continually feed new indicators into detection logic for that class of attack.",{"data":16427,"content":16428,"nodeType":945},{},[16429],{"data":16430,"content":16431,"nodeType":860},{},[16432],{"data":16433,"marks":16434,"value":16435,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get pre-digested and actionable intelligence from every detection, with extremely high fidelity.",{"data":16437,"content":16438,"nodeType":860},{},[16439],{"data":16440,"marks":16441,"value":16442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This all equates to your own advanced browser threat protection, without requiring the specialized in-house expertise we’ve spent years building.",{"data":16444,"content":16445,"nodeType":860},{},[16446],{"data":16447,"marks":16448,"value":16449,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re a Push customer, you already know that we regularly collaborate with security teams to identify and refine detection use cases, and assist with investigations. In the past few months alone, we’ve worked closely with teams targeted by device code phishing, and InstallFix and ClickFix campaigns, among others. 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Malicious scripts and phishing elements often don’t appear until after the page loads and a user interacts with it, leaving nothing obviously known-bad for network controls to detect.",{"data":17978,"content":17979,"nodeType":860},{},[17980,17984,17992],{"data":17981,"marks":17982,"value":17983,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocklists don’t help much here either. Domains rotate constantly, and the window between a phishing site going live and being categorized as malicious is more than enough time for an attacker to succeed. Until that happens, the traffic appears benign and the user is free to interact with the page. 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Inside the browser session, however, credentials are intercepted, session tokens are harvested, and MFA is bypassed in real time.",{"data":18010,"content":18011,"nodeType":860},{},[18012,18016,18023],{"data":18013,"marks":18014,"value":18015,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For ",{"data":18017,"content":18018,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5100},[18019],{"data":18020,"marks":18021,"value":18022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"modern threat groups",{"data":18024,"marks":18025,"value":18026,"nodeType":864},{},[],", these obscured attack vectors lead directly to initial access and account takeover. The network is no longer the control point where the most consequential attacks can be reliably stopped.",{"data":18028,"content":18029,"nodeType":860},{},[18030],{"data":18031,"marks":18032,"value":18034,"nodeType":864},{},[18033],{"type":2246},"Browser telemetry is key to detecting and blocking malicious content in real-time, rather than relying on blocklists using known-bad indicators like domains and IPs that go out of date as quickly as new entries appear.",{"data":18036,"content":18037,"nodeType":4845},{},[18038,18062,18085,18108,18131],{"data":18039,"content":18040,"nodeType":4581},{},[18041,18052],{"data":18042,"content":18043,"nodeType":18051},{},[18044],{"data":18045,"content":18046,"nodeType":860},{},[18047],{"data":18048,"marks":18049,"value":18050,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What you see with traffic analysis","table-header-cell",{"data":18053,"content":18054,"nodeType":18051},{},[18055],{"data":18056,"content":18057,"nodeType":860},{},[18058],{"data":18059,"marks":18060,"value":18061,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What you can see with browser telemetry",{"data":18063,"content":18064,"nodeType":4581},{},[18065,18075],{"data":18066,"content":18067,"nodeType":4569},{},[18068],{"data":18069,"content":18070,"nodeType":860},{},[18071],{"data":18072,"marks":18073,"value":18074,"nodeType":864},{},[],"HTTP request/response bodies ",{"data":18076,"content":18077,"nodeType":4569},{},[18078],{"data":18079,"content":18080,"nodeType":860},{},[18081],{"data":18082,"marks":18083,"value":18084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"DOM structure fingerprints",{"data":18086,"content":18087,"nodeType":4581},{},[18088,18098],{"data":18089,"content":18090,"nodeType":4569},{},[18091],{"data":18092,"content":18093,"nodeType":860},{},[18094],{"data":18095,"marks":18096,"value":18097,"nodeType":864},{},[],"URLs and headers",{"data":18099,"content":18100,"nodeType":4569},{},[18101],{"data":18102,"content":18103,"nodeType":860},{},[18104],{"data":18105,"marks":18106,"value":18107,"nodeType":864},{},[],"User interaction metadata ",{"data":18109,"content":18110,"nodeType":4581},{},[18111,18121],{"data":18112,"content":18113,"nodeType":4569},{},[18114],{"data":18115,"content":18116,"nodeType":860},{},[18117],{"data":18118,"marks":18119,"value":18120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cookie values in transit",{"data":18122,"content":18123,"nodeType":4569},{},[18124],{"data":18125,"content":18126,"nodeType":860},{},[18127],{"data":18128,"marks":18129,"value":18130,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cookie names and attributes",{"data":18132,"content":18133,"nodeType":4581},{},[18134,18144],{"data":18135,"content":18136,"nodeType":4569},{},[18137],{"data":18138,"content":18139,"nodeType":860},{},[18140],{"data":18141,"marks":18142,"value":18143,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Static JS code",{"data":18145,"content":18146,"nodeType":4569},{},[18147],{"data":18148,"content":18149,"nodeType":860},{},[18150],{"data":18151,"marks":18152,"value":18153,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Script execution patterns and dynamic JS analysis",{"data":18155,"content":18156,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":18158,"content":18159,"nodeType":1009},{},[18160],{"data":18161,"marks":18162,"value":18164,"nodeType":864},{},[18163],{"type":899},"Securing the browser session is key to stopping modern threats",{"data":18166,"content":18167,"nodeType":860},{},[18168],{"data":18169,"marks":18170,"value":18171,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If the browser is where users actually work, and where attackers actually operate, then that’s the layer that defenders need to understand and control.",{"data":18173,"content":18174,"nodeType":860},{},[18175,18179],{"data":18176,"marks":18177,"value":18178,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern web-based attacks don’t succeed because traffic goes uninspected. They succeed because network inspection can’t follow the interaction far enough. Traffic shows where data went, not what the user actually saw or did, ",{"data":18180,"marks":18181,"value":18183,"nodeType":864},{},[18182],{"type":899},"and in today’s attacks, that distinction matters.",{"data":18185,"content":18186,"nodeType":860},{},[18187],{"data":18188,"marks":18189,"value":18190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To stop these threats, you have to see what the user is actually interacting with. Things like what scripts are loading, how the DOM is being manipulated, or whether the login form a user is using is legitimate or being proxied. Those are page-level signals, and they only exist inside the browser tab.",{"data":18192,"content":18196,"nodeType":996},{"target":18193},{"sys":18194},{"id":18195,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6qMaivxhJ3xT9DkwXGcCSJ",[],{"data":18198,"content":18199,"nodeType":860},{},[18200],{"data":18201,"marks":18202,"value":18203,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That same shift applies to control. Destination-based blocking breaks down when the destination itself appears legitimate. Effective intervention requires decisions based on behavior as it unfolds so teams can stop risky or malicious activity that would compromise an account.",{"data":18205,"content":18206,"nodeType":860},{},[18207],{"data":18208,"marks":18209,"value":18210,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And visibility can’t stop at centrally managed applications. Shadow SaaS breaks any assumption that access patterns are uniform or fully governed by the IdP. Local accounts, duplicate identities, and password-only logins don’t show up clearly in network telemetry, but they materially expand the attack surface. Seeing every login, across every app, directly from the browser is the only way to build an accurate picture of who has access to what.",{"data":18212,"content":18213,"nodeType":1312},{},[18214],{"data":18215,"marks":18216,"value":18218,"nodeType":864},{},[18217],{"type":899},"Push provides the missing context for network security",{"data":18220,"content":18221,"nodeType":860},{},[18222],{"data":18223,"marks":18224,"value":18225,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At this point, the gap should be clear. Network security gives you strong control over traffic, but very little insight into what actually happens once that traffic lands in a user’s browser.",{"data":18227,"content":18228,"nodeType":860},{},[18229],{"data":18230,"marks":18231,"value":18233,"nodeType":864},{},[18232],{"type":899},"This is where Push can help.",{"data":18235,"content":18236,"nodeType":860},{},[18237],{"data":18238,"marks":18239,"value":18240,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push browser agent extends monitoring into the browser itself, providing the visibility and control that perimeter-based tools can’t deliver. It doesn’t replace SSE, SWG, or CASB. Those tools remain the right way to manage traffic and enforce policy at the edge. Push complements them by operating in the one place they can’t: inside the live browser session.",{"data":18242,"content":18243,"nodeType":860},{},[18244],{"data":18245,"marks":18246,"value":18247,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does this by deploying a browser-native agent, similar in spirit to how EDR works at the host level. That agent gives defenders direct insight into what the network can’t see like the page being rendered, how the user is interacting with it, and the attack techniques that play out entirely within the tab.",{"data":18249,"content":18250,"nodeType":860},{},[18251],{"data":18252,"marks":18253,"value":18254,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With Push deployed, teams gain:",{"data":18256,"content":18257,"nodeType":941},{},[18258,18273,18288],{"data":18259,"content":18260,"nodeType":945},{},[18261],{"data":18262,"content":18263,"nodeType":860},{},[18264,18269],{"data":18265,"marks":18266,"value":18268,"nodeType":864},{},[18267],{"type":899},"Real-time, in-browser threat detection:",{"data":18270,"marks":18271,"value":18272,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Detect and stop attacks like AiTM phishing and session hijacking based on what’s actually happening in the browser. Instead of relying on blocklists or downstream signals, Push identifies attacker behavior as it unfolds and can intervene before credentials or session tokens are stolen.",{"data":18274,"content":18275,"nodeType":945},{},[18276],{"data":18277,"content":18278,"nodeType":860},{},[18279,18284],{"data":18280,"marks":18281,"value":18283,"nodeType":864},{},[18282],{"type":899},"Complete visibility into SaaS access: ",{"data":18285,"marks":18286,"value":18287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Build a true inventory of user identities and authentication methods across every application in use, including shadow SaaS. Push fills the gaps left by network and IdP logs, giving teams a real picture of where access exists and how it’s being granted.",{"data":18289,"content":18290,"nodeType":945},{},[18291],{"data":18292,"content":18293,"nodeType":860},{},[18294,18299],{"data":18295,"marks":18296,"value":18298,"nodeType":864},{},[18297],{"type":899},"Streamlined hardening at the point of access:",{"data":18300,"marks":18301,"value":18302,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Use the browser as a control point to enforce secure login behavior everywhere it matters. Mandate MFA, steer users toward SSO, and block risky credentials on unmanaged apps, shifting from reactive cleanup to continuous, preventative hardening.",{"data":18304,"content":18305,"nodeType":860},{},[18306,18310],{"data":18307,"marks":18308,"value":18309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The result is a unified model and real defense in depth. ",{"data":18311,"marks":18312,"value":18314,"nodeType":864},{},[18313],{"type":899},"Network tools secure the pipeline, and Push secures the user moving through it.",{"data":18316,"content":18317,"nodeType":1116},{},[18318],{"data":18319,"content":18320,"nodeType":860},{},[18321,18325,18333,18336,18344,18348,18355],{"data":18322,"marks":18323,"value":18324,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Want to learn more about Push? ",{"data":18326,"content":18328,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18327},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/product-brochure",[18329],{"data":18330,"marks":18331,"value":18332,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Check out our latest product overview",{"data":18334,"marks":18335,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18337,"content":18339,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18338},"https://pushsecurity.com/product-demo/",[18340],{"data":18341,"marks":18342,"value":18343,"nodeType":864},{},[],"visit our demo library",{"data":18345,"marks":18346,"value":18347,"nodeType":864},{},[],", or ",{"data":18349,"content":18350,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[18351],{"data":18352,"marks":18353,"value":18354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"book some time with one of our team for a live demo",{"data":18356,"marks":18357,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18359,"content":18363,"nodeType":996},{"target":18360},{"sys":18361},{"id":18362,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1doMkOu2ZuGqMp2VJgV5pb",[],{"data":18365,"content":18366,"nodeType":860},{},[18367],{"data":18368,"marks":18369,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":18371},{"hyperlink":18372,"inline":18373,"block":18374},[],[],[18375,18381,18387],{"sys":18376,"__typename":1724,"title":18377,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":18378},{"id":18000},"Why known-bad detections are failing. ",{"url":18379,"width":18380,"height":1729},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6b63OwWsBBv4z7HAiaOKL8/defc65b40e27f1b14ad64cbf09d8c1d4/Screenshot_2026-01-30_at_16.57.54.png",3372,{"sys":18382,"__typename":1724,"title":18383,"caption":18383,"layoutMode":59,"file":18384},{"id":18195},"The browser sees the \"missing middle\" that is key to stopping modern attacks.",{"url":18385,"width":18380,"height":18386},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/62kkmEzar8I24kELigqdoq/8e4c0476ba9bec03c418977bed5f40e6/Screenshot_2026-01-30_at_16.42.19.png",1560,{"sys":18388,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":18389,"buttonLabel":15555,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":6151},{"id":18362},"Stop browser-based attacks in real time. Book a demo today. ",{"items":18391},[],{},"Push + Network Security: Seeing packets vs securing sessions","2026-01-30T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":18396},[18397,18794],{"__typename":2059,"sys":18398,"content":18400,"title":18781,"synopsis":18782,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":18394,"slug":18783,"tagsCollection":18784,"authorsCollection":18790},{"id":18399},"6YWYKGESlyUKQxvhKmBzeH",{"json":18401},{"data":18402,"content":18403,"nodeType":856},{},[18404,18412,18419,18426,18438,18450,18458,18465,18472,18479,18485,18488,18496,18503,18510,18522,18529,18536,18544,18551,18599,18615,18622,18630,18637,18664,18671,18679,18727,18734,18770,18775],{"data":18405,"content":18406,"nodeType":1009},{},[18407],{"data":18408,"marks":18409,"value":18411,"nodeType":864},{},[18410],{"type":899},"EDR is still the best tool for attacks that touch the endpoint",{"data":18413,"content":18414,"nodeType":860},{},[18415],{"data":18416,"marks":18417,"value":18418,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tooling is fundamental to modern security. It earned its place as a foundational control by moving defense away from static, known-bad indicators and toward deep, real-time detection, investigation, and response based on behavior observed in a live environment. ",{"data":18420,"content":18421,"nodeType":860},{},[18422],{"data":18423,"marks":18424,"value":18425,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By running an agent inside the operating system, EDR gave defenders something they never had before: visibility into what was actually happening on the host as it happened, and the ability to act on it.",{"data":18427,"content":18428,"nodeType":860},{},[18429,18433],{"data":18430,"marks":18431,"value":18432,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That agent-level visibility is still incredibly powerful. File system changes, process execution, memory behavior, or registry modifications is the kind of telemetry that enables threat hunting, exposes fileless attacks, and allows teams to contain incidents by isolating a device or killing a malicious process. ",{"data":18434,"marks":18435,"value":18437,"nodeType":864},{},[18436],{"type":899},"For anything that touches the endpoint, EDR remains the right tool.",{"data":18439,"content":18440,"nodeType":860},{},[18441,18445],{"data":18442,"marks":18443,"value":18444,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But that’s the key constraint: ",{"data":18446,"marks":18447,"value":18449,"nodeType":864},{},[18448],{"type":2246},"for anything that touches the endpoint.",{"data":18451,"content":18452,"nodeType":1312},{},[18453],{"data":18454,"marks":18455,"value":18457,"nodeType":864},{},[18456],{"type":899},"But modern attacks have moved beyond the endpoint",{"data":18459,"content":18460,"nodeType":860},{},[18461],{"data":18462,"marks":18463,"value":18464,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reality of how work gets done has shifted. Most applications are now SaaS-based and accessed entirely through a browser. Employees authenticate, move data, administer systems, and interact with customers inside a browser window. And attackers have followed them there.",{"data":18466,"content":18467,"nodeType":860},{},[18468],{"data":18469,"marks":18470,"value":18471,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When attacks play out in the browser, endpoint-level signals often never appear. From the operating system’s perspective, there’s just a browser process behaving normally. The EDR agent is doing exactly what it was designed to do, but the activity that matters is happening within the browser itself.",{"data":18473,"content":18474,"nodeType":860},{},[18475],{"data":18476,"marks":18477,"value":18478,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s the gap teams are running into. EDR protects the integrity of the host, but it has no visibility into the live application session inside the browser. And as attackers consciously avoid the endpoint entirely, that blind spot is becoming harder to ignore.",{"data":18480,"content":18484,"nodeType":996},{"target":18481},{"sys":18482},{"id":18483,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7aVTgi4Btxl6PpzQl8kipW",[],{"data":18486,"content":18487,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":18489,"content":18490,"nodeType":1009},{},[18491],{"data":18492,"marks":18493,"value":18495,"nodeType":864},{},[18494],{"type":899},"Attackers are consciously evading EDR",{"data":18497,"content":18498,"nodeType":860},{},[18499],{"data":18500,"marks":18501,"value":18502,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gap endpoint teams are running into isn’t accidental. It’s the result of attackers adapting to where defenders are strongest (and weakest).",{"data":18504,"content":18505,"nodeType":860},{},[18506],{"data":18507,"marks":18508,"value":18509,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern EDR has made compromising the host operating system expensive and noisy. Deep telemetry and constant monitoring mean that even when an attacker manages to execute code on a device, that action is quickly under scrutiny. From there, progress is slow. After all, lateral movement and persistence take time, and all of it carries risk and generates signals defenders are good at catching.",{"data":18511,"content":18512,"nodeType":860},{},[18513,18518],{"data":18514,"marks":18515,"value":18517,"nodeType":864},{},[18516],{"type":899},"So attackers take a different route. ",{"data":18519,"marks":18520,"value":18521,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of targeting the OS, they operate inside the browser session, abusing legitimate access paths to cloud applications directly over the internet. The endpoint just sees a browser session, not the malicious activity that's happening inside it. ",{"data":18523,"content":18524,"nodeType":860},{},[18525],{"data":18526,"marks":18527,"value":18528,"nodeType":864},{},[],"EDR agents are extremely good at protecting the operating system, but their visibility largely stops at the browser boundary. They can see that a browser process is running. They can’t see what a user is actually interacting with inside a specific tab, or what code is executing within the browser.",{"data":18530,"content":18531,"nodeType":860},{},[18532],{"data":18533,"marks":18534,"value":18535,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the shift security teams are feeling. Attacks don’t trigger endpoint alerts because they aren’t endpoint attacks. They unfold inside the browser, over standard web sessions, using legitimate accounts. To EDR, the host is unaffected. To the business, the damage is already underway.",{"data":18537,"content":18538,"nodeType":1312},{},[18539],{"data":18540,"marks":18541,"value":18543,"nodeType":864},{},[18542],{"type":899},"How modern attacks circumvent EDR",{"data":18545,"content":18546,"nodeType":860},{},[18547],{"data":18548,"marks":18549,"value":18550,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Examples of modern attacks that are consciously evading EDR by staying off the endpoint include:",{"data":18552,"content":18553,"nodeType":941},{},[18554,18569,18584],{"data":18555,"content":18556,"nodeType":945},{},[18557],{"data":18558,"content":18559,"nodeType":860},{},[18560,18565],{"data":18561,"marks":18562,"value":18564,"nodeType":864},{},[18563],{"type":899},"AiTM phishing: ",{"data":18566,"marks":18567,"value":18568,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Sophisticated attacker-in-the-middle phishing kits render convincing login pages directly in the browser and proxy authentication in real time, stealing credentials or MFA tokens as the user enters them. From the OS perspective, nothing appears unusual; EDR can’t see the page structure or scripts running inside the tab.",{"data":18570,"content":18571,"nodeType":945},{},[18572],{"data":18573,"content":18574,"nodeType":860},{},[18575,18580],{"data":18576,"marks":18577,"value":18579,"nodeType":864},{},[18578],{"type":899},"Session hijacking:",{"data":18581,"marks":18582,"value":18583,"nodeType":864},{},[]," When attackers obtain a valid session token, they gain persistent access to an account without needing a password at all. Once in use, the session typically blends into normal browser activity, generating no endpoint data. ",{"data":18585,"content":18586,"nodeType":945},{},[18587],{"data":18588,"content":18589,"nodeType":860},{},[18590,18595],{"data":18591,"marks":18592,"value":18594,"nodeType":864},{},[18593],{"type":899},"Malicious browser extensions:",{"data":18596,"marks":18597,"value":18598,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Malicious extensions (either made by attackers or hijacked by them) can read page content, intercept credentials, or siphon session tokens. Because extensions operate inside the browser’s execution model, their behavior is largely invisible to endpoint tooling focused on OS-level activity.",{"data":18600,"content":18601,"nodeType":860},{},[18602,18606,18611],{"data":18603,"marks":18604,"value":18605,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even attacks that nominally involve the endpoint often stay outside EDR’s strongest visibility. ",{"data":18607,"marks":18608,"value":18610,"nodeType":864},{},[18609],{"type":899},"ClickFix-style social engineering",{"data":18612,"marks":18613,"value":18614,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is a good example. Attackers manipulate users into taking risky actions that look legitimate, the most prominent example being executing malicious commands on the host that are deliberately obfuscated or broken into benign-looking steps. While EDR may catch the code execution (and any malware the execution attempts to install), these techniques are designed to stay ambiguous enough to avoid reliable detection.",{"data":18616,"content":18617,"nodeType":860},{},[18618],{"data":18619,"marks":18620,"value":18621,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All of these attacks succeed for the same reason: the activity unfolds inside the browser. And because EDR was never designed to observe or control what happens inside a live browser session, attackers can operate there with far less resistance.",{"data":18623,"content":18624,"nodeType":1312},{},[18625],{"data":18626,"marks":18627,"value":18629,"nodeType":864},{},[18628],{"type":899},"Extending detection and response to the browser",{"data":18631,"content":18632,"nodeType":860},{},[18633],{"data":18634,"marks":18635,"value":18636,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Defenders need to meet attackers where they actually operate. That means establishing real detection and response capabilities inside the browser itself.",{"data":18638,"content":18639,"nodeType":860},{},[18640,18644,18649,18653,18661],{"data":18641,"marks":18642,"value":18643,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When endpoint security evolved, it did so by putting an agent on the host to observe behavior, collect telemetry, and act at the source — ",{"data":18645,"marks":18646,"value":18648,"nodeType":864},{},[18647],{"type":899},"getting inside the data stream",{"data":18650,"marks":18651,"value":18652,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The same logic applies here. If the browser is where credentials are entered, sessions are established, and attacks unfold, then it needs to be treated as a security surface in its own right. ",{"data":18654,"content":18656,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18655},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/push-plus-network-security",[18657],{"data":18658,"marks":18659,"value":18660,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That doesn't mean just looking at web traffic, but examining client-side browser processes and activity that are the best, earliest indicators of bad activity. ",{"data":18662,"marks":18663,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18665,"content":18666,"nodeType":860},{},[18667],{"data":18668,"marks":18669,"value":18670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This doesn’t replace EDR. EDR secures the host. Identity tools govern authentication. But the browser, the layer that connects users to everything else, is a blind spot. Extending detection and response into that layer fills the gap while complementing the controls that already work.",{"data":18672,"content":18673,"nodeType":1312},{},[18674],{"data":18675,"marks":18676,"value":18678,"nodeType":864},{},[18677],{"type":899},"Your browser detection and response checklist",{"data":18680,"content":18681,"nodeType":941},{},[18682,18697,18712],{"data":18683,"content":18684,"nodeType":945},{},[18685],{"data":18686,"content":18687,"nodeType":860},{},[18688,18693],{"data":18689,"marks":18690,"value":18692,"nodeType":864},{},[18691],{"type":899},"Browser-native protection: ",{"data":18694,"marks":18695,"value":18696,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Running inside the browser is the only way you can see what page a user is interacting with, what scripts are running, and how the session is behaving in real time. It’s also the only place you can reliably distinguish between normal user activity and attacker-driven manipulation.",{"data":18698,"content":18699,"nodeType":945},{},[18700],{"data":18701,"content":18702,"nodeType":860},{},[18703,18708],{"data":18704,"marks":18705,"value":18707,"nodeType":864},{},[18706],{"type":899},"Behavioral detection:",{"data":18709,"marks":18710,"value":18711,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Detection can’t rely on static indicators. It has to be based on behaviors — like how pages render, how credentials are submitted, and how sessions are established and abused. ",{"data":18713,"content":18714,"nodeType":945},{},[18715],{"data":18716,"content":18717,"nodeType":860},{},[18718,18723],{"data":18719,"marks":18720,"value":18722,"nodeType":864},{},[18721],{"type":899},"Real-time interception:",{"data":18724,"marks":18725,"value":18726,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Response has to be immediate. Blocking credential submission, interrupting a malicious action, capturing high-fidelity context, all of that needs to happen at the point of interaction — before an account is compromised.",{"data":18728,"content":18729,"nodeType":860},{},[18730],{"data":18731,"marks":18732,"value":18733,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is what it means to extend detection and response to the browser: not another tool bolted onto the stack, but a necessary evolution in how modern attacks are actually stopped.",{"data":18735,"content":18736,"nodeType":1116},{},[18737],{"data":18738,"content":18739,"nodeType":860},{},[18740,18743,18749,18752,18758,18761,18767],{"data":18741,"marks":18742,"value":18324,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18744,"content":18745,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18327},[18746],{"data":18747,"marks":18748,"value":18332,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18750,"marks":18751,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18753,"content":18754,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18338},[18755],{"data":18756,"marks":18757,"value":18343,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18759,"marks":18760,"value":18347,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18762,"content":18763,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[18764],{"data":18765,"marks":18766,"value":18354,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18768,"marks":18769,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18771,"content":18774,"nodeType":996},{"target":18772},{"sys":18773},{"id":18362,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":18776,"content":18777,"nodeType":860},{},[18778],{"data":18779,"marks":18780,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push + Endpoint Security: Extending detection and response to the browser","Why extending detection and response into the browser is crucial in the face of modern attacks that consciously evade the network and endpoint. ","push-plus-endpoint-security",{"items":18785},[18786,18788],{"sys":18787,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":18789,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":18791},[18792],{"fullName":17866,"firstName":17867,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":18793},{"url":17869},{"__typename":2059,"sys":18795,"content":18797,"title":19168,"synopsis":19169,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":19170,"slug":19171,"tagsCollection":19172,"authorsCollection":19178},{"id":18796},"2k2aDK5dyQKlQBrk66pMXE",{"json":18798},{"data":18799,"content":18800,"nodeType":856},{},[18801,18809,18816,18823,18830,18837,18844,18852,18859,18866,18873,18876,18884,18891,18898,18905,18912,18930,18938,18945,18952,18959,18962,18970,18986,19002,19009,19017,19024,19031,19038,19045,19050,19057,19120,19123,19162],{"data":18802,"content":18803,"nodeType":1009},{},[18804],{"data":18805,"marks":18806,"value":18808,"nodeType":864},{},[18807],{"type":899},"Cloud security tools ensure secure configurations",{"data":18810,"content":18811,"nodeType":860},{},[18812],{"data":18813,"marks":18814,"value":18815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re a cloud security architect, you probably don’t think in terms of firewalls and perimeters anymore. You think in control planes. Your job isn’t protecting a box or a subnet; it’s governing a sprawling web of IAM roles, service principals, APIs, and permissions that exist mostly as configuration and code. In this world, the boundary isn’t physical or even networked, it’s defined entirely by how your environment is configured.",{"data":18817,"content":18818,"nodeType":860},{},[18819],{"data":18820,"marks":18821,"value":18822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The way most teams approached that problem was pragmatic. As cloud environments scaled, it became impossible to secure it by inspection or tribal knowledge. Cloud Security Posture Management tools and, later, Cloud Native Application Protection Platforms emerged to solve a very real problem: visibility and control over cloud configuration at scale. They gave teams a way to continuously assess infrastructure, track misconfigurations, and understand risk across accounts, regions, and services without drowning in raw provider logs.",{"data":18824,"content":18825,"nodeType":860},{},[18826],{"data":18827,"marks":18828,"value":18829,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That capability is important. Without it, cloud security simply doesn’t function. ",{"data":18831,"content":18832,"nodeType":860},{},[18833],{"data":18834,"marks":18835,"value":18836,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CSPM and CNAPP answer the question of “is my cloud environment configured securely?”. They tell you whether an IAM role is too permissive, whether a resource is exposed, or whether a policy violates best practice. They tell you when a user or account is trying to do something they shouldn’t. ",{"data":18838,"content":18839,"nodeType":860},{},[18840],{"data":18841,"marks":18842,"value":18843,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What they don’t answer is a different, increasingly important question: “What happens when attacker behavior is indistinguishable from legitimate user behavior?”",{"data":18845,"content":18846,"nodeType":1312},{},[18847],{"data":18848,"marks":18849,"value":18851,"nodeType":864},{},[18850],{"type":899},"But they can’t stop “legitimate” actions",{"data":18853,"content":18854,"nodeType":860},{},[18855],{"data":18856,"marks":18857,"value":18858,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gap (or lack of) between legitimate user behavior and malicious abuse is becoming more relevant as cloud breaches change shape. ",{"data":18860,"content":18861,"nodeType":860},{},[18862],{"data":18863,"marks":18864,"value":18865,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In many of today’s incidents, attackers aren’t exploiting misconfigurations or abusing the cloud control plane directly. They’re compromising users. Once an authentication has occurred through illegitimate means, whether phishing, session hijacking, or token theft, the attacker operates entirely within an approved session.",{"data":18867,"content":18868,"nodeType":860},{},[18869],{"data":18870,"marks":18871,"value":18872,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From the perspective of cloud security tooling, very little looks wrong. The identity is valid. The access patterns appear expected. The infrastructure remains correctly configured. As long as the attacker operates within the bounds of what looks “normal”, no alarms are triggered. Meanwhile, sensitive actions are carried out through the browser, using the same interfaces and workflows as a real user.",{"data":18874,"content":18875,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":18877,"content":18878,"nodeType":1009},{},[18879],{"data":18880,"marks":18881,"value":18883,"nodeType":864},{},[18882],{"type":899},"The gap between the IdP and the final API call — the “missing middle” in your security stack",{"data":18885,"content":18886,"nodeType":860},{},[18887],{"data":18888,"marks":18889,"value":18890,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser session sits outside the telemetry and control model of infrastructure-focused cloud security tools. We call this the \"missing middle.\" It’s the space between the IdP login and the final cloud API call. ",{"data":18892,"content":18893,"nodeType":860},{},[18894],{"data":18895,"marks":18896,"value":18897,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In theory, you could try to close the gap by stitching together logs from every SaaS application in your environment. In practice, anyone who’s attempted this knows how quickly it falls apart. ",{"data":18899,"content":18900,"nodeType":860},{},[18901],{"data":18902,"marks":18903,"value":18904,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Each integration is brittle and expensive to maintain, and many applications don’t expose the level of telemetry you actually need, even if you’re willing to fork out for the top Security++ product tier. When you’re dealing with hundreds of apps per enterprise, each with their own configuration complexity, there’s a good chance that your solution focused on “core” cloud apps doesn’t actually have visibility of the full attack surface.",{"data":18906,"content":18907,"nodeType":860},{},[18908],{"data":18909,"marks":18910,"value":18911,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When logs do exist, they rarely show what you actually need. To a CSPM or CNAPP, it looks like an authorized user doing authorized things. A file was accessed or a setting was changed. What those tools can’t see is that the browser session itself was being manipulated in real time.",{"data":18913,"content":18914,"nodeType":860},{},[18915,18918,18926],{"data":18916,"marks":18917,"value":18015,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18919,"content":18920,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5100},[18921],{"data":18922,"marks":18923,"value":18925,"nodeType":864},{},[18924],{"type":1455},"modern, cloud-native threat groups",{"data":18927,"marks":18928,"value":18929,"nodeType":864},{},[],", this lack of session-level visibility is their greatest advantage. They bypass the strong configuration and identity controls you’ve already implemented by simply stepping into the authorized stream. And by the time infrastructure-level signals suggest something is wrong, the attacker has already accomplished what they came for.",{"data":18931,"content":18932,"nodeType":1312},{},[18933],{"data":18934,"marks":18935,"value":18937,"nodeType":864},{},[18936],{"type":899},"Secure everything, still lose",{"data":18939,"content":18940,"nodeType":860},{},[18941],{"data":18942,"marks":18943,"value":18944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At some point, this forces a hard realization: you can do everything “right” at the cloud and identity layers and still lose.",{"data":18946,"content":18947,"nodeType":860},{},[18948],{"data":18949,"marks":18950,"value":18951,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can lock down infrastructure-as-code, tighten IAM policies, enforce conditional access, and pass every posture check you care about. But none of that changes where access actually happens. When users work in cloud services, they do it through a browser. And once a session is established, that browser session becomes the real control plane.",{"data":18953,"content":18954,"nodeType":860},{},[18955],{"data":18956,"marks":18957,"value":18958,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s the shift cloud security teams are running into. The problem isn’t that CSPM or CNAPP failed, it’s that they can’t see the full picture. Bridging the missing middle means treating the browser session itself as something you can inspect and defend.",{"data":18960,"content":18961,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":18963,"content":18964,"nodeType":1009},{},[18965],{"data":18966,"marks":18967,"value":18969,"nodeType":864},{},[18968],{"type":899},"Why moving detection and response to the browser is the solution",{"data":18971,"content":18972,"nodeType":860},{},[18973,18977,18982],{"data":18974,"marks":18975,"value":18976,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, ",{"data":18978,"marks":18979,"value":18981,"nodeType":864},{},[18980],{"type":899},"detection has to move into the browser",{"data":18983,"marks":18984,"value":18985,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Modern cloud attacks don’t announce themselves with known indicators or suspicious IPs; it’s all about behavior. A phishing kit rendering inside a login page. A session token being silently exfiltrated. A user interacting with a page that looks legitimate but isn’t. You only see those signals by inspecting the page, the scripts, and the user’s interaction, in real time, inside the tab, before any cloud API ever gets touched.",{"data":18987,"content":18988,"nodeType":860},{},[18989,18993,18998],{"data":18990,"marks":18991,"value":18992,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Second, ",{"data":18994,"marks":18995,"value":18997,"nodeType":864},{},[18996],{"type":899},"posture can’t stop at the IdP or cloud configuration.",{"data":18999,"marks":19000,"value":19001,"nodeType":864},{},[]," It’s not enough to enforce MFA and SSO at a handful of centrally managed apps and assume the rest of the estate follows suit. Shadow SaaS breaks that assumption immediately. Local accounts, duplicate identities, and MFA gaps undermine cloud access controls, even when your AWS or Azure configuration is otherwise airtight. If a sensitive app allows password-only access, that weakness propagates straight back into your cloud environment.",{"data":19003,"content":19004,"nodeType":860},{},[19005],{"data":19006,"marks":19007,"value":19008,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, when something does go wrong, teams need more than a login timestamp and an IP address. They need to know what the user actually saw and did. Click-by-click browser session data is what allows responders to understand intent, scope impact accurately, and determine whether a session was abused or simply used.",{"data":19010,"content":19011,"nodeType":1312},{},[19012],{"data":19013,"marks":19014,"value":19016,"nodeType":864},{},[19015],{"type":899},"Visibility into the browser session holds the answers",{"data":19018,"content":19019,"nodeType":860},{},[19020],{"data":19021,"marks":19022,"value":19023,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If the browser session is where cloud access actually happens, then treating it as a black box is no longer viable.",{"data":19025,"content":19026,"nodeType":860},{},[19027],{"data":19028,"marks":19029,"value":19030,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where Push Security fits. Push is designed to cover the missing middle, not by replacing your existing cloud security stack, but by extending it into the one place it can’t reach on its own: the live browser session.",{"data":19032,"content":19033,"nodeType":860},{},[19034],{"data":19035,"marks":19036,"value":19037,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CSPM and CNAPP remain the right tools for securing cloud configuration and infrastructure. They tell you whether IAM policies are sane, resources are exposed, and guardrails are in place. Push addresses a different problem. It focuses on what happens once access is granted, when identity moves from configuration into motion.",{"data":19039,"content":19040,"nodeType":860},{},[19041],{"data":19042,"marks":19043,"value":19044,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does this by deploying a browser-native agent, like EDR operates at the host level. That agent gives defenders direct visibility into the application session itself like the page structure being rendered, the user’s interaction with it, and the behaviors attackers rely on when they hijack sessions in real time.",{"data":19046,"content":19049,"nodeType":996},{"target":19047},{"sys":19048},{"id":18195,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":19051,"content":19052,"nodeType":860},{},[19053],{"data":19054,"marks":19055,"value":19056,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That visibility changes how cloud access can be defended.",{"data":19058,"content":19059,"nodeType":941},{},[19060,19075,19090,19105],{"data":19061,"content":19062,"nodeType":945},{},[19063],{"data":19064,"content":19065,"nodeType":860},{},[19066,19071],{"data":19067,"marks":19068,"value":19070,"nodeType":864},{},[19069],{"type":899},"Real-time detection in the browser:",{"data":19072,"marks":19073,"value":19074,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Detect in-browser attacker techniques as they happen, left of boom. Phishing kits rendering inside login flows, session tokens being intercepted, credential submission into lookalike pages — Push observes these behaviors directly and can block them before any cloud API is touched or a console is reached.",{"data":19076,"content":19077,"nodeType":945},{},[19078],{"data":19079,"content":19080,"nodeType":860},{},[19081,19086],{"data":19082,"marks":19083,"value":19085,"nodeType":864},{},[19084],{"type":899},"Complete visibility into cloud access paths:",{"data":19087,"marks":19088,"value":19089,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Build an accurate inventory of how users are actually accessing cloud services. Push surfaces every application in use, including shadow SaaS, and shows which accounts are local, duplicated, missing MFA, or bypassing SSO — crucial visibility that falls between the cracks of application and identity provider. ",{"data":19091,"content":19092,"nodeType":945},{},[19093],{"data":19094,"content":19095,"nodeType":860},{},[19096,19101],{"data":19097,"marks":19098,"value":19100,"nodeType":864},{},[19099],{"type":899},"Active hardening at the point of access:",{"data":19102,"marks":19103,"value":19104,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Enforce secure login behavior across the entire application surface, not just centrally managed apps. Push can steer users toward using MFA and SSO and block risky credentials on unmanaged tools, closing identity gaps before they’re exploited.",{"data":19106,"content":19107,"nodeType":945},{},[19108],{"data":19109,"content":19110,"nodeType":860},{},[19111,19116],{"data":19112,"marks":19113,"value":19115,"nodeType":864},{},[19114],{"type":899},"Session-level context for rapid response:",{"data":19117,"marks":19118,"value":19119,"nodeType":864},{},[]," When something does go wrong, Push provides the missing ground truth. Instead of stitching together partial logs or relying on brittle app-level integrations, responders can see exactly what the user saw and did in the browser (from context generated directly from the browser session itself) making it possible to understand intent, assess scope accurately, and contain a compromised session quickly.",{"data":19121,"content":19122,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19124,"content":19125,"nodeType":1116},{},[19126],{"data":19127,"content":19128,"nodeType":860},{},[19129,19132,19139,19142,19149,19152,19159],{"data":19130,"marks":19131,"value":18324,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19133,"content":19134,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18327},[19135],{"data":19136,"marks":19137,"value":18332,"nodeType":864},{},[19138],{"type":1455},{"data":19140,"marks":19141,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19143,"content":19144,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18338},[19145],{"data":19146,"marks":19147,"value":18343,"nodeType":864},{},[19148],{"type":1455},{"data":19150,"marks":19151,"value":18347,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19153,"content":19154,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[19155],{"data":19156,"marks":19157,"value":18354,"nodeType":864},{},[19158],{"type":1455},{"data":19160,"marks":19161,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19163,"content":19164,"nodeType":860},{},[19165],{"data":19166,"marks":19167,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push + Cloud Security: What do you do when bad looks normal?","Why cloud security tools only give you part of the picture when it comes to modern attacks. ","2026-02-06T00:00:00.000Z","push-plus-cloud-security",{"items":19173},[19174,19176],{"sys":19175,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":19177,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":19179},[19180],{"fullName":17866,"firstName":17867,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":19181},{"url":17869},"push-plus-network-security","blog/push-plus-network-security",{"json":19185},{"data":19186,"content":19187,"nodeType":856},{},[19188],{"data":19189,"content":19190,"nodeType":860},{},[19191],{"data":19192,"marks":19193,"value":19194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One key question we get is \"we're already monitoring network and web traffic, so why do we need to be in the browser too?\". Here are the key differences.","Why network and web traffic only gives you part of the picture when it comes to modern browser-based attacks. ",{"id":19197,"publishedAt":19198},"5caCcGCqMMPm5KlwUv0sbz","2026-08-13T09:35:43.143Z",{"items":19200},[19201,19203],{"sys":19202,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":19204,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":19206},[19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221],{"sys":19208,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":19210,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":19212,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":19214,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},{"sys":19216,"name":306,"slug":307,"tier":45},{"id":303},{"sys":19218,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":19220,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":19222,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},"utVTmyush9vQUYa5rOo2h_Mf_xmrYJ7bhUe-9CuVFGA",{"id":19225,"title":19226,"authorsCollection":19227,"content":19232,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":19946,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":19948,"metaTitle":19949,"ogImage":59,"postType":6304,"publishedDate":19950,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":19951,"slug":21685,"stem":21686,"subtitle":59,"summary":21687,"synopsis":21698,"sys":21699,"tagsCollection":21702,"topicsCollection":21708,"__hash__":21738},"blog/blog/three-reasons-why-browser-is-best-for-stopping-phishing-attacks.json","Three reasons why browser is best for stopping phishing attacks",{"items":19228},[19229],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"socialLinks":19230,"profilePicture":19231},[11832],{"url":2740},{"json":19233,"links":19882},{"data":19234,"content":19235,"nodeType":856},{},[19236,19243,19250,19257,19260,19268,19275,19295,19328,19334,19354,19360,19385,19388,19396,19403,19419,19434,19440,19447,19454,19460,19476,19479,19487,19494,19501,19508,19515,19518,19526,19533,19540,19560,19567,19575,19618,19625,19631,19638,19644,19651,19654,19662,19677,19684,19726,19738,19741,19749,19756,19763,19796,19803,19823,19829,19835,19838,19845,19852,19870,19876],{"data":19237,"content":19238,"nodeType":860},{},[19239],{"data":19240,"marks":19241,"value":19242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing attacks remain a huge challenge for organizations in 2025. In fact, with attackers increasingly leveraging identity-based techniques over software exploits, phishing arguably poses a bigger threat than ever before. ",{"data":19244,"content":19245,"nodeType":860},{},[19246],{"data":19247,"marks":19248,"value":19249,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are turning to identity attacks like phishing because they can achieve all of the same objectives as they would in a traditional endpoint or network attack, simply by logging into a victim’s account. And with organizations now using hundreds of internet apps across their workforce, the scope of accounts that can be phished or targeted with stolen credentials has grown exponentially. ",{"data":19251,"content":19252,"nodeType":860},{},[19253],{"data":19254,"marks":19255,"value":19256,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With MFA-bypassing phishing kits the new normal, capable of phishing accounts protected by SMS, OTP, and push-based methods, detection controls are being put under constant pressure as prevention controls fall short. ",{"data":19258,"content":19259,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19261,"content":19262,"nodeType":1009},{},[19263],{"data":19264,"marks":19265,"value":19267,"nodeType":864},{},[19266],{"type":899},"Attackers are bypassing detection controls",{"data":19269,"content":19270,"nodeType":860},{},[19271],{"data":19272,"marks":19273,"value":19274,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The majority of phishing detection and control enforcement is focused at the email and network layer — typically at the Secure Email Gateway (SEG), Secure Web Gateway (SWG)/proxy, or both. ",{"data":19276,"content":19277,"nodeType":860},{},[19278,19282,19291],{"data":19279,"marks":19280,"value":19281,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But attackers know this, ",{"data":19283,"content":19285,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19284},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/",[19286],{"data":19287,"marks":19288,"value":19290,"nodeType":864},{},[19289],{"type":1455},"and are taking steps to avoid these controls",{"data":19292,"marks":19293,"value":19294,"nodeType":864},{},[],", by:",{"data":19296,"content":19297,"nodeType":941},{},[19298,19308,19318],{"data":19299,"content":19300,"nodeType":945},{},[19301],{"data":19302,"content":19303,"nodeType":860},{},[19304],{"data":19305,"marks":19306,"value":19307,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Routinely evading IoC driven blocklists by dynamically rotating and updating commonly signatured elements like IPs, domains, and URLs.",{"data":19309,"content":19310,"nodeType":945},{},[19311],{"data":19312,"content":19313,"nodeType":860},{},[19314],{"data":19315,"marks":19316,"value":19317,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Preventing analysis of their phishing pages by implementing bot protection like CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile alongside other detection evasion methods. ",{"data":19319,"content":19320,"nodeType":945},{},[19321],{"data":19322,"content":19323,"nodeType":860},{},[19324],{"data":19325,"marks":19326,"value":19327,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Changing visual and DOM elements on the page so that even when the page is loaded, detection signatures may fail to trigger.  ",{"data":19329,"content":19333,"nodeType":996},{"target":19330},{"sys":19331},{"id":19332,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5w44LsamEfcwSACx3MA997",[],{"data":19335,"content":19336,"nodeType":860},{},[19337,19341,19350],{"data":19338,"marks":19339,"value":19340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And in fact, by launching multi- and cross-channel attacks, attackers are evading email-based controls entirely. Just see ",{"data":19342,"content":19344,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19343},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[19345],{"data":19346,"marks":19347,"value":19349,"nodeType":864},{},[19348],{"type":1455},"this recent example",{"data":19351,"marks":19352,"value":19353,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where attackers impersonating Onfido delivered their phishing attack via malicious Google ads (aka malvertising) — bypassing email altogether. ",{"data":19355,"content":19359,"nodeType":996},{"target":19356},{"sys":19357},{"id":19358,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3sGmVHl1Rwjyw3TMZSYuy4",[],{"data":19361,"content":19362,"nodeType":860},{},[19363,19367,19372,19376,19381],{"data":19364,"marks":19365,"value":19366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth pointing out the limitations of email-based solutions here too. Email has some additional checks around the sender’s reputation and things like DMARC/DKIM, but these don’t actually identify malicious ",{"data":19368,"marks":19369,"value":19371,"nodeType":864},{},[19370],{"type":899},"pages",{"data":19373,"marks":19374,"value":19375,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Similarly, some modern email solutions are doing much deeper analysis of the ",{"data":19377,"marks":19378,"value":19380,"nodeType":864},{},[19379],{"type":899},"content",{"data":19382,"marks":19383,"value":19384,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of an email. But… that doesn’t really help with identifying the phishing sites themselves (just indicates that one might be linked in the email). This is much more appropriate for BEC-style attacks where the goal is to social engineer the victim, as opposed to linking them to a malicious page. And this still doesn’t help with attacks launched over different mediums as we’ve highlighted above.",{"data":19386,"content":19387,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19389,"content":19390,"nodeType":1009},{},[19391],{"data":19392,"marks":19393,"value":19395,"nodeType":864},{},[19394],{"type":899},"How browser-based detection and response can level the playing field",{"data":19397,"content":19398,"nodeType":860},{},[19399],{"data":19400,"marks":19401,"value":19402,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most phishing attacks involve the delivery of a malicious link to a user. The user clicks the link and loads a malicious page. In the vast majority of cases, the malicious page is a login portal for a specific website, where the goal for the attacker is to steal the victim’s account.",{"data":19404,"content":19405,"nodeType":860},{},[19406,19410,19415],{"data":19407,"marks":19408,"value":19409,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These attacks are happening pretty much exclusively in the victim’s browser. So rather than building more email or network based controls looking from the outside-in at phishing pages accessed in the browser, there’s a huge opportunity presented by building phishing detection and response capabilities ",{"data":19411,"marks":19412,"value":19414,"nodeType":864},{},[19413],{"type":2246},"inside",{"data":19416,"marks":19417,"value":19418,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the browser. ",{"data":19420,"content":19421,"nodeType":860},{},[19422,19426,19431],{"data":19423,"marks":19424,"value":19425,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we look at the history of detection and response, this makes a lot of sense. When endpoint attacks skyrocketed in the late 2000s / early 2010s, they took advantage of the fact that defenders were trying to detect malware with primarily network-based detections, signature-based analysis of files, and running files in sandboxes (which was reliably defeated with sandbox-aware malware and using things as simple as putting an execution delay in the code). But this gave way to EDR, which presented a better way of observing and intercepting malicious software in ",{"data":19427,"marks":19428,"value":19430,"nodeType":864},{},[19429],{"type":899},"real-time",{"data":19432,"marks":19433,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19435,"content":19439,"nodeType":996},{"target":19436},{"sys":19437},{"id":19438,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1KFwJvbIMiWHb1erWlljZf",[],{"data":19441,"content":19442,"nodeType":860},{},[19443],{"data":19444,"marks":19445,"value":19446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The key here was getting inside the data stream to be able to observe activity in real-time on the endpoint. ",{"data":19448,"content":19449,"nodeType":860},{},[19450],{"data":19451,"marks":19452,"value":19453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re in a similar position today. Modern phishing attacks are happening on web pages accessed via the browser, and the tools we’re relying on — email, network, even endpoint — don’t have the required visibility. They’re looking from the outside-in. ",{"data":19455,"content":19459,"nodeType":996},{"target":19456},{"sys":19457},{"id":19458,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"59t6AcjpRjs3VQQXQO3PWu",[],{"data":19461,"content":19462,"nodeType":860},{},[19463,19467,19472],{"data":19464,"marks":19465,"value":19466,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But what if we could do detection and response from ",{"data":19468,"marks":19469,"value":19471,"nodeType":864},{},[19470],{"type":899},"inside the browser?",{"data":19473,"marks":19474,"value":19475,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Here’s three reasons why the browser is best for stopping phishing attacks:",{"data":19477,"content":19478,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19480,"content":19481,"nodeType":1009},{},[19482],{"data":19483,"marks":19484,"value":19486,"nodeType":864},{},[19485],{"type":899},"#1: Analyze pages, not links",{"data":19488,"content":19489,"nodeType":860},{},[19490],{"data":19491,"marks":19492,"value":19493,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Common phishing detections rely on the analysis of links or static HTML as opposed to malicious pages. Modern phishing pages are no longer static HTML — like most other modern web pages, these are dynamic web apps rendered in the browser, with JavaScript dynamically rewriting the page and launching the malicious content. This means that most basic, static checks fail to identify the malicious content running on the page. ",{"data":19495,"content":19496,"nodeType":860},{},[19497],{"data":19498,"marks":19499,"value":19500,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Without deeper analysis, you’re reliant on analyzing things like domains, URLs and IP addresses against known-bad blocklists. But these are all highly disposable. Attackers are buying them in bulk, constantly taking over legitimate domains, and generally planning for the fact that they’ll get through a lot of them. Modern phishing architecture is also able to dynamically rotate and update the links served to visitors from a continually refreshed pool (so every person that clicks the link gets served a different URL) and even going as far as using things like one-time magic links (which also means that any security team members trying to investigate the page later won’t be able to do so). ",{"data":19502,"content":19503,"nodeType":860},{},[19504],{"data":19505,"marks":19506,"value":19507,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ultimately, this means that blocklists just aren’t that effective — because it’s trivial for attackers to change the indicators being used to create detections. If you think about the Pyramid of Pain, these indicators sit right at the bottom — the kind of thing we’ve been moving away from for years in the endpoint security world.  ",{"data":19509,"content":19510,"nodeType":860},{},[19511],{"data":19512,"marks":19513,"value":19514,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But in the browser, you can observe the rendered web page in all its glory. With much deeper visibility of the page (and its malicious elements) you can…",{"data":19516,"content":19517,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19519,"content":19520,"nodeType":1009},{},[19521],{"data":19522,"marks":19523,"value":19525,"nodeType":864},{},[19524],{"type":899},"#2: Detect TTPs, not IoCs",{"data":19527,"content":19528,"nodeType":860},{},[19529],{"data":19530,"marks":19531,"value":19532,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even where TTP-based detections are in play, they’re typically reliant on either piecing together network requests, or loading the page in a sandbox. ",{"data":19534,"content":19535,"nodeType":860},{},[19536],{"data":19537,"marks":19538,"value":19539,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, attackers are getting pretty good at evading sandbox analysis — simply by implementing bot protection by requiring user interaction with a CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile. Even if you can get past Turnstile, then you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, and execute JavaScript, to be served the malicious page. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":19541,"content":19542,"nodeType":860},{},[19543,19547,19556],{"data":19544,"marks":19545,"value":19546,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And if all this wasn’t enough, ",{"data":19548,"content":19550,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19549},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[19551],{"data":19552,"marks":19553,"value":19555,"nodeType":864},{},[19554],{"type":1455},"they’re also obfuscating both visual and DOM elements to prevent signature-based detections from picking them up",{"data":19557,"marks":19558,"value":19559,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — so even if you can land on the page, there’s a high chance that your detections won’t trigger.",{"data":19561,"content":19562,"nodeType":860},{},[19563],{"data":19564,"marks":19565,"value":19566,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When using a proxy, you’ll have some visibility of the network traffic generated by a user accessing and interacting with a page. However, you’ll struggle to correlate key actions like whether the user entered their password with the specific tab when dealing with the sheer volume of disorganized network traffic data. ",{"data":19568,"content":19569,"nodeType":860},{},[19570],{"data":19571,"marks":19572,"value":19574,"nodeType":864},{},[19573],{"type":899},"But you get much better visibility of all this in the browser, with access to:",{"data":19576,"content":19577,"nodeType":941},{},[19578,19588,19598,19608],{"data":19579,"content":19580,"nodeType":945},{},[19581],{"data":19582,"content":19583,"nodeType":860},{},[19584],{"data":19585,"marks":19586,"value":19587,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full decrypted HTTP traffic — not just DNS and TCP/IP metadata",{"data":19589,"content":19590,"nodeType":945},{},[19591],{"data":19592,"content":19593,"nodeType":860},{},[19594],{"data":19595,"marks":19596,"value":19597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full user interaction tracing — every click, keystroke, or DOM change can be traced",{"data":19599,"content":19600,"nodeType":945},{},[19601],{"data":19602,"content":19603,"nodeType":860},{},[19604],{"data":19605,"marks":19606,"value":19607,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full inspection at every layer of execution, not just initial HTML served",{"data":19609,"content":19610,"nodeType":945},{},[19611],{"data":19612,"content":19613,"nodeType":860},{},[19614],{"data":19615,"marks":19616,"value":19617,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full access to browser APIs, to correlate with browser history, local storage, attached cookies, etc.",{"data":19619,"content":19620,"nodeType":860},{},[19621],{"data":19622,"marks":19623,"value":19624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This gives you everything you need to build high-fidelity detections focused on page behavior and user interaction – that are much harder for attackers to get around when compared to IoC-based detections. ",{"data":19626,"content":19630,"nodeType":996},{"target":19627},{"sys":19628},{"id":19629,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1YggWcADAWgt3sUkXMsVIw",[],{"data":19632,"content":19633,"nodeType":860},{},[19634],{"data":19635,"marks":19636,"value":19637,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the browser, you get much better visibility of the user and page behavior to enable phishing page detection.",{"data":19639,"content":19643,"nodeType":996},{"target":19640},{"sys":19641},{"id":19642,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1BKgjnYkLJIRW0LJZYpfga",[],{"data":19645,"content":19646,"nodeType":860},{},[19647],{"data":19648,"marks":19649,"value":19650,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And with this new visibility, because you’re in the browser and seeing the page at the same time as the user is interacting with it, you can…",{"data":19652,"content":19653,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19655,"content":19656,"nodeType":1009},{},[19657],{"data":19658,"marks":19659,"value":19661,"nodeType":864},{},[19660],{"type":899},"#3: Intercept in real time, not post mortem",{"data":19663,"content":19664,"nodeType":860},{},[19665,19669,19674],{"data":19666,"marks":19667,"value":19668,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For non-browser solutions, ",{"data":19670,"marks":19671,"value":19673,"nodeType":864},{},[19672],{"type":899},"real-time phishing detection is basically nonexistent",{"data":19675,"marks":19676,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19678,"content":19679,"nodeType":860},{},[19680],{"data":19681,"marks":19682,"value":19683,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At best, your proxy-based solution might be able to detect malicious behavior via the network traffic generated by your user interacting with the page. But because of the complexity of reconstructing network requests post-TLS-encryption, this typically happens on a time delay and is not entirely reliable. ",{"data":19685,"content":19686,"nodeType":860},{},[19687,19691,19696,19700,19705,19709,19713,19717,19722],{"data":19688,"marks":19689,"value":19690,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If a page is flagged, it usually requires further investigation by a security team to rule out any false positives and kick off an investigation. This can take ",{"data":19692,"marks":19693,"value":19695,"nodeType":864},{},[19694],{"type":899},"hours",{"data":19697,"marks":19698,"value":19699,"nodeType":864},{},[]," at best, probably ",{"data":19701,"marks":19702,"value":19704,"nodeType":864},{},[19703],{"type":899},"days",{"data":19706,"marks":19707,"value":19708,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Then, once a page is identified as malicious and IoCs are created, it can take ",{"data":19710,"marks":19711,"value":19704,"nodeType":864},{},[19712],{"type":899},{"data":19714,"marks":19715,"value":19716,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or even ",{"data":19718,"marks":19719,"value":19721,"nodeType":864},{},[19720],{"type":899},"weeks",{"data":19723,"marks":19724,"value":19725,"nodeType":864},{},[]," before the information is distributed, TI feeds are updated, and ingested into blocklists. ",{"data":19727,"content":19728,"nodeType":860},{},[19729,19733],{"data":19730,"marks":19731,"value":19732,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But in the browser, you’re observing the page in real-time, as the user sees it, from inside the browser. This is a game changer when it comes to not just detecting, but intercepting and shutting down attacks before a user is phished and the damage is done. ",{"data":19734,"marks":19735,"value":19737,"nodeType":864},{},[19736],{"type":899},"This changes the focus from post mortem containment and cleanup, to pre-compromise interception in real time. ",{"data":19739,"content":19740,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19742,"content":19743,"nodeType":1009},{},[19744],{"data":19745,"marks":19746,"value":19748,"nodeType":864},{},[19747],{"type":899},"The future of phishing detection and response is browser based",{"data":19750,"content":19751,"nodeType":860},{},[19752],{"data":19753,"marks":19754,"value":19755,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push provides a browser-based identity security solution that intercepts phishing attacks as they happen — in employee browsers. Being in the browser delivers a lot of advantages when it comes to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks. You see the live webpage that the user sees, as they see it, meaning you have much better visibility of malicious elements running on the page. It also means that you can implement real-time controls that kick in when a malicious element is detected. ",{"data":19757,"content":19758,"nodeType":860},{},[19759],{"data":19760,"marks":19761,"value":19762,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a phishing attack hits a user with Push, regardless of the delivery channel, our browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page, detecting that:",{"data":19764,"content":19765,"nodeType":941},{},[19766,19776,19786],{"data":19767,"content":19768,"nodeType":945},{},[19769],{"data":19770,"content":19771,"nodeType":860},{},[19772],{"data":19773,"marks":19774,"value":19775,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The password the user is entering into the phishing site has been used to log into another site previously. This means that the password is being reused (bad) or the user is being phished (even worse).  ",{"data":19777,"content":19778,"nodeType":945},{},[19779],{"data":19780,"content":19781,"nodeType":860},{},[19782],{"data":19783,"marks":19784,"value":19785,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The web page is cloned from a legitimate login page that has been fingerprinted by Push. ",{"data":19787,"content":19788,"nodeType":945},{},[19789],{"data":19790,"content":19791,"nodeType":860},{},[19792],{"data":19793,"marks":19794,"value":19795,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A phishing toolkit is running on the web page. ",{"data":19797,"content":19798,"nodeType":860},{},[19799],{"data":19800,"marks":19801,"value":19802,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a result, the user is blocked from interacting with the phishing site and prevented from continuing. ",{"data":19804,"content":19805,"nodeType":860},{},[19806,19811,19820],{"data":19807,"marks":19808,"value":19810,"nodeType":864},{},[19809],{"type":899},"These are good examples of detections that are difficult (or impossible) for an attacker to evade — you can’t phish a victim if they can’t enter their credentials into your phishing site! ",{"data":19812,"content":19814,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19813},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[19815],{"data":19816,"marks":19817,"value":19819,"nodeType":864},{},[19818],{"type":1455},"Find out more about how Push detects and blocks phishing attacks here.",{"data":19821,"marks":19822,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19824,"content":19828,"nodeType":996},{"target":19825},{"sys":19826},{"id":19827,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ixcEsEW4EyqckOTmP5Pbb",[],{"data":19830,"content":19834,"nodeType":996},{"target":19831},{"sys":19832},{"id":19833,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4PJKxWTroEPohYm4mklfl6",[],{"data":19836,"content":19837,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19839,"content":19840,"nodeType":1009},{},[19841],{"data":19842,"marks":19843,"value":16473,"nodeType":864},{},[19844],{"type":899},{"data":19846,"content":19847,"nodeType":860},{},[19848],{"data":19849,"marks":19850,"value":19851,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t stop there — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":19853,"content":19854,"nodeType":860},{},[19855,19859,19867],{"data":19856,"marks":19857,"value":19858,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques, ",{"data":19860,"content":19862,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19861},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[19863],{"data":19864,"marks":19865,"value":18354,"nodeType":864},{},[19866],{"type":1455},{"data":19868,"marks":19869,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19871,"content":19875,"nodeType":996},{"target":19872},{"sys":19873},{"id":19874,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2DviJNOMbKgbcqwkNl0LDP",[],{"data":19877,"content":19878,"nodeType":860},{},[19879],{"data":19880,"marks":19881,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":19883},{"hyperlink":19884,"inline":19885,"block":19886},[],[],[19887,19894,19900,19906,19913,19920,19928,19936,19941],{"sys":19888,"__typename":1724,"title":19889,"caption":19889,"layoutMode":59,"file":19890},{"id":19332},"Implementing bot checks like Clouflare Turnstile is an effective way to bypass sandbox analysis tools",{"url":19891,"width":19892,"height":19893},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/DbEYzQt7m3jY56ALCYWEy/59846e7bd4a3ed204722a9d561e97231/image2.png",938,361,{"sys":19895,"__typename":1724,"title":19896,"caption":19896,"layoutMode":59,"file":19897},{"id":19358},"Attackers are bypassing email by targeting their victims across IM, social media, using malicious ads, and by sending messages using trusted apps",{"url":19898,"width":1736,"height":19899},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/70wT3oO5yuDvKcdVDTwsca/0bebd357b1f6c61ff690fcdc3af297fe/image6.png",874,{"sys":19901,"__typename":1724,"title":19902,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":19903},{"id":19438},"EDR enabled real-time detection and response at the OS level rather than relying on traffic to and from the endpoint. ",{"url":19904,"width":1736,"height":19905},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3gSjR1ecPh6HIhaG27mMLl/018623f5cadfa9866a2b452899c6357e/image5.png",1187,{"sys":19907,"__typename":1724,"title":19908,"caption":19908,"layoutMode":59,"file":19909},{"id":19458},"Current phishing detection isn’t in the right place to observe and stop malicious activity in real time.",{"url":19910,"width":19911,"height":19912},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1488clWVU9FbuCVLfK4kcW/c014d62cdba4a6bc9312a7b1ff36b469/image9.png",1694,884,{"sys":19914,"__typename":1724,"title":19915,"caption":19916,"layoutMode":59,"file":19917},{"id":19629},"Phishing pyramid of pain","Getting real-time visibility of page/user behavior and malicious toolkits running on the page is key to moving to TTP-based detections, rather than chasing quickly-changing IoCs",{"url":19918,"width":1736,"height":19919},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4uJD4Qgy3EH0x2ilhV7UsO/262f91bd23f54d557a2cc1da1a8ac6d8/image1.png",1352,{"sys":19921,"__typename":1724,"title":19922,"caption":19923,"layoutMode":59,"file":19924},{"id":19642},"Browser activity detection","Being in the browser gives you unrivalled visibility of phishing page activity and user behavior",{"url":19925,"width":19926,"height":19927},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4ogsAA3hGcMII18MwTYn6T/6fdf3ef0e6e59ecf412fd0748ba24145/Screenshot_2025-04-29_at_11.35.47.png",1942,924,{"sys":19929,"__typename":1724,"title":19930,"caption":19931,"layoutMode":59,"file":19932},{"id":19827},"Phishing toolkit detection","Accessing pages running malicious phishing toolkits is automatically blocked. ",{"url":19933,"width":19934,"height":19935},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3ylgW0MDCCesBjQsoqjD4P/a8bc4df9a430aca6c725f913d2bc6444/image11.png",1440,767,{"sys":19937,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":19938,"buttonLabel":19939,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":19940},{"id":19833},"See how Push detects and blocks phishing attacks in the browser.","Read the Blog","https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/",{"sys":19942,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":19943,"buttonLabel":19944,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":19945},{"id":19874},"Frustrated that phishing attacks are still so successful in 2025? Check out on-demand latest webinar where we analyze exactly why and where controls are failing.","Watch On-demand","https://pushsecurity.com/resources/phishing-2025",{"items":19947},[],{},"Three reasons why browser is best for stopping phishing","2025-04-28T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":19952},[19953,20445,21232],{"__typename":2059,"sys":19954,"content":19956,"title":20427,"synopsis":20428,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":20429,"slug":20430,"tagsCollection":20431,"authorsCollection":20437},{"id":19955},"51p0V5Vr4I9rapUytBWX0R",{"json":19957},{"data":19958,"content":19959,"nodeType":856},{},[19960,19968,19975,19982,19988,19995,20001,20008,20015,20018,20026,20033,20040,20063,20070,20073,20081,20096,20102,20109,20115,20122,20129,20132,20140,20160,20166,20173,20179,20182,20190,20210,20216,20223,20229,20249,20255,20261,20264,20272,20279,20286,20292,20295,20303,20310,20317,20320,20328,20335,20342,20348,20355,20388,20394,20402,20409],{"data":19961,"content":19962,"nodeType":1009},{},[19963],{"data":19964,"marks":19965,"value":19967,"nodeType":864},{},[19966],{"type":899},"What happened",{"data":19969,"content":19970,"nodeType":860},{},[19971],{"data":19972,"marks":19973,"value":19974,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On April 11th our browser-based phishing detection controls were triggered for a user with the Push extension installed. ",{"data":19976,"content":19977,"nodeType":860},{},[19978],{"data":19979,"marks":19980,"value":19981,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The user had visited the url dashboard[.]onfido[.].us[.]com after entering a Google search for ‘onfido’, a site they had previously accessed for work and had an account on. A convincing looking Google ad duped the user into clicking the fake link.",{"data":19983,"content":19987,"nodeType":996},{"target":19984},{"sys":19985},{"id":19986,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5o1LEkZfeYVjMZmROi3Yh",[],{"data":19989,"content":19990,"nodeType":860},{},[19991],{"data":19992,"marks":19993,"value":19994,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Although the page was not the official login page for Onfido, it appeared legitimate enough at first glance to trick the user. ",{"data":19996,"content":20000,"nodeType":996},{"target":19997},{"sys":19998},{"id":19999,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Tp1RJ3eSx7r79wwm9d9DZ",[],{"data":20002,"content":20003,"nodeType":860},{},[20004],{"data":20005,"marks":20006,"value":20007,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After clicking the link, the user was blocked from interacting with the malicious page running Evilginx by Push. We then took action to identify other Onfido users within the Push customer base and notify them accordingly of the campaign. ",{"data":20009,"content":20010,"nodeType":860},{},[20011],{"data":20012,"marks":20013,"value":20014,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are a few interesting elements worth exploring. Let’s dive in. ",{"data":20016,"content":20017,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20019,"content":20020,"nodeType":1009},{},[20021],{"data":20022,"marks":20023,"value":20025,"nodeType":864},{},[20024],{"type":899},"Why Onfido?",{"data":20027,"content":20028,"nodeType":860},{},[20029],{"data":20030,"marks":20031,"value":20032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Onfido is an interesting choice. It’s not your typical phishing target, which points to an interesting trend we’ve observed where attackers are diversifying their phishing targets. ",{"data":20034,"content":20035,"nodeType":860},{},[20036],{"data":20037,"marks":20038,"value":20039,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are two main reasons for this:",{"data":20041,"content":20042,"nodeType":941},{},[20043,20053],{"data":20044,"content":20045,"nodeType":945},{},[20046],{"data":20047,"content":20048,"nodeType":860},{},[20049],{"data":20050,"marks":20051,"value":20052,"nodeType":864},{},[],"People are becoming increasingly suspicious of phishing attacks targeting core apps such as Microsoft, Google, Okta, etc. and are much more likely to spot real vs fake pages. ",{"data":20054,"content":20055,"nodeType":945},{},[20056],{"data":20057,"content":20058,"nodeType":860},{},[20059],{"data":20060,"marks":20061,"value":20062,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because highly targeted apps like IdPs and enterprise cloud platforms are becoming increasingly hardened from an identity perspective, attackers have a lower chance of success relative to accounts on the long tail of internet apps used by an organization — many of which simply cannot be securely configured in the same way (e.g. no passkey/WebAuthn support, limited admin controls to discover and remediate identity security gaps, etc.). ",{"data":20064,"content":20065,"nodeType":860},{},[20066],{"data":20067,"marks":20068,"value":20069,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Onfido is also an interesting example in that it definitely contains valuable data that attackers can take advantage of. As a digital identity solution, it presents a significant risk from both a personal and company perspective if compromised, with plenty of PII that can be leveraged to extort a victim — and clear bad press (and possible regulator scrutiny) if the data is leaked!",{"data":20071,"content":20072,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20074,"content":20075,"nodeType":1009},{},[20076],{"data":20077,"marks":20078,"value":20080,"nodeType":864},{},[20079],{"type":899},"Why Google ads?",{"data":20082,"content":20083,"nodeType":860},{},[20084,20088,20092],{"data":20085,"marks":20086,"value":20087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack is a form of ",{"data":20089,"marks":20090,"value":441,"nodeType":864},{},[20091],{"type":899},{"data":20093,"marks":20094,"value":20095,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where attackers distribute malicious links via ads — in this case, via Google. This is just one example of the many non-email phishing channels that attackers have at their disposal today. ",{"data":20097,"content":20101,"nodeType":996},{"target":20098},{"sys":20099},{"id":20100,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7kfeOKGXEWVL5RW5jFnQBo",[],{"data":20103,"content":20104,"nodeType":860},{},[20105],{"data":20106,"marks":20107,"value":20108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The use of malvertising has a couple of notable advantages here. Namely, because Google ads do not use the same reputation-based checks as an email security provider does, the attacker can use freshly created domains to conduct the attack. Usually, attackers would aim to take over existing domains with a reputation already built up, or spend 6-12 months bedding in their domains so that they pass mail filters. ",{"data":20110,"content":20114,"nodeType":996},{"target":20111},{"sys":20112},{"id":20113,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"499fj1Xark8Bj7iQjv9Vsm",[],{"data":20116,"content":20117,"nodeType":860},{},[20118],{"data":20119,"marks":20120,"value":20121,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But in this case, the domain was registered only shortly before being used. We detected it only a few hours after it had been registered — and it’s already been taken down since (no doubt to be replaced with the next one). This means it’s easy for attackers to spin up these malvertising campaigns at will, without any real forward planning. ",{"data":20123,"content":20124,"nodeType":860},{},[20125],{"data":20126,"marks":20127,"value":20128,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In fact, malvertising doesn’t require much effort on the attacker’s part whatsoever. As a watering hole, you put the link up and wait for the clicks to roll in. Unfortunately, many people Google search for sites that they frequently use rather than accessing via bookmark, opening them up to these kinds of malvertising attacks. ",{"data":20130,"content":20131,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20133,"content":20134,"nodeType":1312},{},[20135],{"data":20136,"marks":20137,"value":20139,"nodeType":864},{},[20138],{"type":899},"No frills ",{"data":20141,"content":20142,"nodeType":860},{},[20143,20147,20156],{"data":20144,"marks":20145,"value":20146,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unlike many of the other campaigns using MFA-bypass phishing kits we’ve seen in the wild, the attacker put very little effort into obfuscating the malicious page. We’ve seen some using things like Cloudflare Turnstile, CAPTCHA, or even ",{"data":20148,"content":20150,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20149},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-consent-phishing-is-evolving/",[20151],{"data":20152,"marks":20153,"value":20155,"nodeType":864},{},[20154],{"type":1455},"Consent Phishing for OIDC scopes ",{"data":20157,"marks":20158,"value":20159,"nodeType":864},{},[],"to break sandbox detections and prevent security tools from reaching the malicious content to analyze it. ",{"data":20161,"content":20165,"nodeType":996},{"target":20162},{"sys":20163},{"id":20164,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7csybR6fJlCWsRy91CbNYL",[],{"data":20167,"content":20168,"nodeType":860},{},[20169],{"data":20170,"marks":20171,"value":20172,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, there was evidence to suggest that the domain required a specific URL path — namely, the page must be accessed via Google ads to load. When the page was accessed without the correct parameters set, we were forwarded to a nonexistent page within the legitimate onfido.com domain, resulting in a 404 error.",{"data":20174,"content":20178,"nodeType":996},{"target":20175},{"sys":20176},{"id":20177,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"658fTppp0l1YkoMERiQ1Oj",[],{"data":20180,"content":20181,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20183,"content":20184,"nodeType":1009},{},[20185],{"data":20186,"marks":20187,"value":20189,"nodeType":864},{},[20188],{"type":899},"What’s interesting about the domain?",{"data":20191,"content":20192,"nodeType":860},{},[20193,20197,20206],{"data":20194,"marks":20195,"value":20196,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the things that really stood out to us was the hosting domain — ",{"data":20198,"content":20200,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20199},"http://us.com",[20201],{"data":20202,"marks":20203,"value":20205,"nodeType":864},{},[20204],{"type":1455},"us.com",{"data":20207,"marks":20208,"value":20209,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Unlike the official government TLD .us, us.com is designed to look and feel legit but does not require any US affiliation or evidence of a US presence. This isn’t a TLD, it’s just a domain selling subdomains within their domain. This means there’s no WHOIS information available on the domains. ",{"data":20211,"content":20215,"nodeType":996},{"target":20212},{"sys":20213},{"id":20214,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7HtOWLePxPclyfODqC0oR",[],{"data":20217,"content":20218,"nodeType":860},{},[20219],{"data":20220,"marks":20221,"value":20222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is incredibly deceptive to the user and will fool many people glancing at the link. It doesn’t look as obviously suspicious as your .xyz or .biz and has the feel of a legitimate domain. It’s also incredibly cheap to pick up .us.com domains right now. ",{"data":20224,"content":20228,"nodeType":996},{"target":20225},{"sys":20226},{"id":20227,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5CHWwlH2ZFZiVOQWMpkquy",[],{"data":20230,"content":20231,"nodeType":860},{},[20232,20236,20245],{"data":20233,"marks":20234,"value":20235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can find additional information on ",{"data":20237,"content":20239,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20238},"https://urlscan.io/result/0196338c-75ea-720c-a0e4-c2898acc4779/",[20240],{"data":20241,"marks":20242,"value":20244,"nodeType":864},{},[20243],{"type":1455},"urlscan",{"data":20246,"marks":20247,"value":20248,"nodeType":864},{},[]," here.",{"data":20250,"content":20254,"nodeType":996},{"target":20251},{"sys":20252},{"id":20253,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6hdBHT8SrC6z7O0gIc7xnh",[],{"data":20256,"content":20260,"nodeType":996},{"target":20257},{"sys":20258},{"id":20259,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3KxFiCeGlk7fVC8k1oo7cX",[],{"data":20262,"content":20263,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20265,"content":20266,"nodeType":1009},{},[20267],{"data":20268,"marks":20269,"value":20271,"nodeType":864},{},[20270],{"type":899},"Isn’t Evilginx a red team tool?",{"data":20273,"content":20274,"nodeType":860},{},[20275],{"data":20276,"marks":20277,"value":20278,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Evilginx is nominally a red team tool, but we frequently spot it being used in phishing campaigns against our customers. Evilginx is a great choice for attackers looking to target non-standard web apps because it is capable of emulating a range of domains — it’s designed to be flexible and work for any page without generating a load of custom JavaScript that might stand out to security tools/analysts. ",{"data":20280,"content":20281,"nodeType":860},{},[20282],{"data":20283,"marks":20284,"value":20285,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to see an example of Evilginx being used to phish a user, check out the example below. ",{"data":20287,"content":20291,"nodeType":996},{"target":20288},{"sys":20289},{"id":20290,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7IuP0mcRZJkL8YGNoZo5Dj",[],{"data":20293,"content":20294,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20296,"content":20297,"nodeType":1009},{},[20298],{"data":20299,"marks":20300,"value":20302,"nodeType":864},{},[20301],{"type":899},"What can you do about it?",{"data":20304,"content":20305,"nodeType":860},{},[20306],{"data":20307,"marks":20308,"value":20309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s not a huge amount of impartial advice to give here unfortunately. With malicious Google ads not going away anytime soon, response action is limited. If you are an Onfido user, be sure to block the URL and any related patterns (we noticed that after appearing to have been taken down initially, the site has reappeared at dashboard[.]onfido[.]us[.]com/users/sign_in and no longer appears to require the same URL path). However, it goes without saying that this is a temporary measure and the attacker will no doubt rotate the domain in the near future. ",{"data":20311,"content":20312,"nodeType":860},{},[20313],{"data":20314,"marks":20315,"value":20316,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One good option is to encourage your users to bookmark their links rather than Google searching for the page. If you’re using an IdP with an application dashboard like Okta, Microsoft, or Google, this provides a convenient way to find all your apps in one place. ",{"data":20318,"content":20319,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20321,"content":20322,"nodeType":1009},{},[20323],{"data":20324,"marks":20325,"value":20327,"nodeType":864},{},[20326],{"type":899},"Bonus: How Push stopped the attack",{"data":20329,"content":20330,"nodeType":860},{},[20331],{"data":20332,"marks":20333,"value":20334,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Interested in how we stopped the attack?",{"data":20336,"content":20337,"nodeType":860},{},[20338],{"data":20339,"marks":20340,"value":20341,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the user visited the page, Push detected Evilginx running on the page and blocked the user. Check it out.",{"data":20343,"content":20347,"nodeType":996},{"target":20344},{"sys":20345},{"id":20346,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5QavzZPS4siFvHCBhpujEe",[],{"data":20349,"content":20350,"nodeType":860},{},[20351],{"data":20352,"marks":20353,"value":20354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using our browser-based security platform, you can also see all users with an account on Onfido across your workforce. Using Push, you can:",{"data":20356,"content":20357,"nodeType":941},{},[20358,20368,20378],{"data":20359,"content":20360,"nodeType":945},{},[20361],{"data":20362,"content":20363,"nodeType":860},{},[20364],{"data":20365,"marks":20366,"value":20367,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Quickly identify which users have a password-based login set for their account (and therefore could be phished). ",{"data":20369,"content":20370,"nodeType":945},{},[20371],{"data":20372,"content":20373,"nodeType":860},{},[20374],{"data":20375,"marks":20376,"value":20377,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identify users to enable them to be contacted about the attacks targeting Onfido.",{"data":20379,"content":20380,"nodeType":945},{},[20381],{"data":20382,"content":20383,"nodeType":860},{},[20384],{"data":20385,"marks":20386,"value":20387,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Set an app banner for Onfido warning users of the attacks and guiding them to access and login to the app via your SSO solution. ",{"data":20389,"content":20393,"nodeType":996},{"target":20390},{"sys":20391},{"id":20392,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"23B4EHUs1vt0se5r1cUI4t",[],{"data":20395,"content":20396,"nodeType":1312},{},[20397],{"data":20398,"marks":20399,"value":20401,"nodeType":864},{},[20400],{"type":899},"We don’t just stop phishing attacks",{"data":20403,"content":20404,"nodeType":860},{},[20405],{"data":20406,"marks":20407,"value":20408,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t stop there — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":20410,"content":20411,"nodeType":860},{},[20412,20416,20423],{"data":20413,"marks":20414,"value":20415,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat advanced identity attack techniques in the browser, ",{"data":20417,"content":20418,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[20419],{"data":20420,"marks":20421,"value":20422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"book some time with one of our team",{"data":20424,"marks":20425,"value":20426,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for a live demo.","Investigating a recent malvertising campaign targeting Onfido customers","We recently investigated a malvertising campaign using Evilginx to target Onfido customers via Google ads.","2025-04-15T00:00:00.000Z","investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers",{"items":20432},[20433,20435],{"sys":20434,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":20436,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":20438},[20439],{"fullName":20440,"firstName":20441,"jobTitle":20442,"profilePicture":20443},"Luke Jennings","Luke","Vice President, R&D",{"url":20444},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4Hosb4zKi1dA0PUyDLMe1h/27e09d894861f2196ba794037986fb08/T016S22KZ96-U02NVQM7ZD4-57761d542d83-512.jpeg",{"__typename":2059,"sys":20446,"content":20448,"title":21218,"synopsis":21219,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":21220,"slug":21221,"tagsCollection":21222,"authorsCollection":21228},{"id":20447},"3RhqaMQEBAQBdfHDQeoELF",{"json":20449},{"data":20450,"content":20451,"nodeType":856},{},[20452,20459,20492,20499,20518,20525,20528,20535,20542,20548,20555,20561,20567,20574,20594,20600,20607,20610,20618,20637,20660,20667,20675,20682,20689,20695,20703,20723,20742,20748,20755,20761,20769,20802,20808,20815,20818,20826,20833,20853,20860,20866,20874,20881,20888,20895,20902,20972,20979,20987,21006,21012,21019,21026,21032,21039,21045,21053,21060,21066,21072,21079,21082,21089,21120,21127,21147,21154,21165,21172,21175,21182,21201],{"data":20453,"content":20454,"nodeType":860},{},[20455],{"data":20456,"marks":20457,"value":20458,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing attacks using Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) kits are increasingly the default for both credential harvesting campaigns and targeted phishing attacks. It’s easy to see why, too:",{"data":20460,"content":20461,"nodeType":941},{},[20462,20472,20482],{"data":20463,"content":20464,"nodeType":945},{},[20465],{"data":20466,"content":20467,"nodeType":860},{},[20468],{"data":20469,"marks":20470,"value":20471,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They’re very difficult to spot as a user and often function like the real page should, logging the victim into the genuine site once the phish is complete",{"data":20473,"content":20474,"nodeType":945},{},[20475],{"data":20476,"content":20477,"nodeType":860},{},[20478],{"data":20479,"marks":20480,"value":20481,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They’re incredibly scalable, and attackers have an increasing number of options to choose from when it comes to off-the-shelf tools and commercial Phishing-as-a-Service offerings ",{"data":20483,"content":20484,"nodeType":945},{},[20485],{"data":20486,"content":20487,"nodeType":860},{},[20488],{"data":20489,"marks":20490,"value":20491,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And most importantly, they reliably bypass 99% of the MFA methods encountered in the wild, defeating OTP, SMS and push-based authentication",{"data":20493,"content":20494,"nodeType":860},{},[20495],{"data":20496,"marks":20497,"value":20498,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are basically no downsides to AitM for an attacker. But all the same, they don’t get all that much publicity — probably because traditional phishing prevention solutions are failing to detect them (before the attack succeeds, anyway — and nobody really wants to own up to that). ",{"data":20500,"content":20501,"nodeType":860},{},[20502,20506,20515],{"data":20503,"marks":20504,"value":20505,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, it’s refreshing to see Troy Hunt, creator of the widely used Have I Been Pwned (HIBP) service, ",{"data":20507,"content":20509,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20508},"https://www.troyhunt.com/a-sneaky-phish-just-grabbed-my-mailchimp-mailing-list/",[20510],{"data":20511,"marks":20512,"value":20514,"nodeType":864},{},[20513],{"type":1455},"publicly discussing a recent attack he fell victim to",{"data":20516,"marks":20517,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20519,"content":20520,"nodeType":860},{},[20521],{"data":20522,"marks":20523,"value":20524,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we consider the significance of Troy failing to spot the phish — the creator of one of the most widely used services for stolen passwords, working with government on phishing prevention guidance — let's start by breaking down the attack itself. ",{"data":20526,"content":20527,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20529,"content":20530,"nodeType":1009},{},[20531],{"data":20532,"marks":20533,"value":19967,"nodeType":864},{},[20534],{"type":899},{"data":20536,"content":20537,"nodeType":860},{},[20538],{"data":20539,"marks":20540,"value":20541,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Troy received a phishing email appearing to be from MailChimp prompting him to sign into his account, with the lure informing him it had had been restricted due to a spam complaint",{"data":20543,"content":20547,"nodeType":996},{"target":20544},{"sys":20545},{"id":20546,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5A4CPvTyKhClC8LgHY5916",[],{"data":20549,"content":20550,"nodeType":860},{},[20551],{"data":20552,"marks":20553,"value":20554,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The email matched Mailchimp’s brand, but the sender address was obviously suspicious. Unfortunately, Troy initially accessed the email via mobile, which hid the sender address — which he then missed when accessing from his PC. ",{"data":20556,"content":20560,"nodeType":996},{"target":20557},{"sys":20558},{"id":20559,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1JWw4jO3qxxJeHO3qtMuZc",[],{"data":20562,"content":20566,"nodeType":996},{"target":20563},{"sys":20564},{"id":20565,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1ebM2R90arTKlCmxmtvYjz",[],{"data":20568,"content":20569,"nodeType":860},{},[20570],{"data":20571,"marks":20572,"value":20573,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Troy was directed to the page hxxps://mailchimp-sso.com. Troy entered his credentials and MFA token and logged in. The page hung and he realized he had been phished…",{"data":20575,"content":20576,"nodeType":860},{},[20577,20581,20590],{"data":20578,"marks":20579,"value":20580,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack then automatically executed, with the attacker exporting 16,000 contact records from MailChimp and creating an API key to provide backdoor access to the app (a form of ",{"data":20582,"content":20584,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20583},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/ghost_logins/description.md",[20585],{"data":20586,"marks":20587,"value":20589,"nodeType":864},{},[20588],{"type":1455},"ghost login",{"data":20591,"marks":20592,"value":20593,"nodeType":864},{},[],").",{"data":20595,"content":20599,"nodeType":996},{"target":20596},{"sys":20597},{"id":20598,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2MDWfQFU69GaiMCxdvvq8U",[],{"data":20601,"content":20602,"nodeType":860},{},[20603],{"data":20604,"marks":20605,"value":20606,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s have a look at what makes this attack interesting. ",{"data":20608,"content":20609,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20611,"content":20612,"nodeType":1009},{},[20613],{"data":20614,"marks":20615,"value":20617,"nodeType":864},{},[20616],{"type":899},"Breaking the attack down",{"data":20619,"content":20620,"nodeType":860},{},[20621,20625,20633],{"data":20622,"marks":20623,"value":20624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As far as ",{"data":20626,"content":20627,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19284},[20628],{"data":20629,"marks":20630,"value":20632,"nodeType":864},{},[20631],{"type":1455},"some of the AitM attacks we’ve observed in the wild",{"data":20634,"marks":20635,"value":20636,"nodeType":864},{},[]," go, this wasn’t the most advanced example we’ve seen: ",{"data":20638,"content":20639,"nodeType":941},{},[20640,20650],{"data":20641,"content":20642,"nodeType":945},{},[20643],{"data":20644,"content":20645,"nodeType":860},{},[20646],{"data":20647,"marks":20648,"value":20649,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It didn’t try to obfuscate the notably suspicious sender address or use a legit SaaS service to give the email sender a reputable domain.",{"data":20651,"content":20652,"nodeType":945},{},[20653],{"data":20654,"content":20655,"nodeType":860},{},[20656],{"data":20657,"marks":20658,"value":20659,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It didn’t see the victim access the real login page, and instead terminated the connection at the point the credentials were captured — meaning Troy was immediately suspicious (I guess it doesn’t really matter given the attack executed instantly, automatically).",{"data":20661,"content":20662,"nodeType":860},{},[20663],{"data":20664,"marks":20665,"value":20666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, it did use a few interesting tricks and techniques. ",{"data":20668,"content":20669,"nodeType":1312},{},[20670],{"data":20671,"marks":20672,"value":20674,"nodeType":864},{},[20673],{"type":899},"Enumerating suitable victims",{"data":20676,"content":20677,"nodeType":860},{},[20678],{"data":20679,"marks":20680,"value":20681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s notable that Troy claims the email he used to access MailChimp wasn’t used anywhere else — meaning the attacker probably guessed it. The domain is partially obscured here but it's likely that this is Troy’s own personal domain. It isn’t too much of a stretch to imagine that organizations frequently set up dedicated email addresses for their MailChimp accounts or newsletters generally (e.g. mailchimp@exampledomain.com). ",{"data":20683,"content":20684,"nodeType":860},{},[20685],{"data":20686,"marks":20687,"value":20688,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Undeniably, Troy’s MailChimp account is probably more of a target than most given the success of his newsletter, but it’s still likely that the attacker spammed many possible address and domain combinations to see what stuck. There’s a degree of luck, but also some smart guesswork at play here. ",{"data":20690,"content":20694,"nodeType":996},{"target":20691},{"sys":20692},{"id":20693,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5TgXthj5tsvWX87QHZH1WQ",[],{"data":20696,"content":20697,"nodeType":1312},{},[20698],{"data":20699,"marks":20700,"value":20702,"nodeType":864},{},[20701],{"type":899},"Using legit services like Cloudflare to defeat detections ",{"data":20704,"content":20705,"nodeType":860},{},[20706,20710,20719],{"data":20707,"marks":20708,"value":20709,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker used Cloudflare to host the domain, which is ",{"data":20711,"content":20713,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection/",[20714],{"data":20715,"marks":20716,"value":20718,"nodeType":864},{},[20717],{"type":1455},"consistent with what we’ve observed attackers doing in the wild",{"data":20720,"marks":20721,"value":20722,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Even if this means that Cloudflare will probably take the domain down eventually, they aren’t great at identifying the page right away. Given the rate at which attacker infrastructure is burned and rotated, the pros outweigh the cons for the attacker by giving the site legitimate hosting infrastructure, which can defeat some of the common checks performed by anti-phishing tools.",{"data":20724,"content":20725,"nodeType":860},{},[20726,20730,20738],{"data":20727,"marks":20728,"value":20729,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Troy also mentions seeing a 'Cloudflare anti-automation widget' when accessing the page, which is most likely Cloudflare Turnstile — a creative alternative to CAPTCHA to prevent security bots from accessing and loading malicious pages to analyse them. We've seen attackers use Turnstile ",{"data":20731,"content":20732,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[20733],{"data":20734,"marks":20735,"value":20737,"nodeType":864},{},[20736],{"type":1455},"along with a host of other obfuscation techniques",{"data":20739,"marks":20740,"value":20741,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to defeat common detections by preventing security tools from analysing the malicious page. ",{"data":20743,"content":20747,"nodeType":996},{"target":20744},{"sys":20745},{"id":20746,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2X1r1qbE5CVcJ0xVcESGK7",[],{"data":20749,"content":20750,"nodeType":860},{},[20751],{"data":20752,"marks":20753,"value":20754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Although this page has now been taken down, the campaign undoubtedly continues — another will have been rotated in to take its place. ",{"data":20756,"content":20760,"nodeType":996},{"target":20757},{"sys":20758},{"id":20759,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"26wnNFTED2f6O1HtqL3Cgu",[],{"data":20762,"content":20763,"nodeType":1312},{},[20764],{"data":20765,"marks":20766,"value":20768,"nodeType":864},{},[20767],{"type":899},"Configuring ghost logins via API keys to backdoor the account ",{"data":20770,"content":20771,"nodeType":860},{},[20772,20776,20785,20789,20798],{"data":20773,"marks":20774,"value":20775,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker also configured an API key — a smart way to backdoor an app and something we’ve previously ",{"data":20777,"content":20779,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20778},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/phishing-detecting-evilginx-evilnovnc-muraena-and-modlishka",[20780],{"data":20781,"marks":20782,"value":20784,"nodeType":864},{},[20783],{"type":1455},"demonstrated in our webinars",{"data":20786,"marks":20787,"value":20788,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as a ",{"data":20790,"content":20792,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20791},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks",[20793],{"data":20794,"marks":20795,"value":20797,"nodeType":864},{},[20796],{"type":1455},"SaaS-native attack technique",{"data":20799,"marks":20800,"value":20801,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for persistence. It means that even if the credentials are changed, the attacker can maintain access to the account.",{"data":20803,"content":20807,"nodeType":996},{"target":20804},{"sys":20805},{"id":20806,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"35GkKL1rXnWHNZa1EBHLyD",[],{"data":20809,"content":20810,"nodeType":860},{},[20811],{"data":20812,"marks":20813,"value":20814,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, as a security pro, Troy noticed this and deleted it — but many less technical victims wouldn’t know to do this. It’s also not unusual for automated emails from applications to go to spam — meaning some victims potentially wouldn’t spot the notification sent to them. ",{"data":20816,"content":20817,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20819,"content":20820,"nodeType":1009},{},[20821],{"data":20822,"marks":20823,"value":20825,"nodeType":864},{},[20824],{"type":899},"But — why MailChimp? ",{"data":20827,"content":20828,"nodeType":860},{},[20829],{"data":20830,"marks":20831,"value":20832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This was the big question we asked ourselves when looking into this attack. Most phishing attacks targeting businesses tend to focus on core platforms like Microsoft, Google Workspace, etc. — usually Identity Providers (IdPs) that provide both access to email and downstream apps via SSO. It’s the biggest bang for their buck and most tooling is preconfigured to support these platforms. So MailChimp seems an unusual choice at first glance. ",{"data":20834,"content":20835,"nodeType":860},{},[20836,20840,20849],{"data":20837,"marks":20838,"value":20839,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But, we’ve seen recently that it's getting easier for attackers to ",{"data":20841,"content":20843,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20842},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/darcula-phaas-can-now-auto-generate-phishing-kits-for-any-brand/",[20844],{"data":20845,"marks":20846,"value":20848,"nodeType":864},{},[20847],{"type":1455},"impersonate a broader range of brands",{"data":20850,"marks":20851,"value":20852,"nodeType":864},{},[],". And there’s something to be said for targeting an app like MailChimp — your guard is naturally probably lower than it would be for a Microsoft-based phish, increasing the chance of success. ",{"data":20854,"content":20855,"nodeType":860},{},[20856],{"data":20857,"marks":20858,"value":20859,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But what’s the payout? The data collected doesn’t seem to be overly valuable — 16k records including email address, IP, and rough geolocation data. Not particularly exploitable by itself…",{"data":20861,"content":20865,"nodeType":996},{"target":20862},{"sys":20863},{"id":20864,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"OjZtHXit6WO6Zd9tCUYpJ",[],{"data":20867,"content":20868,"nodeType":1312},{},[20869],{"data":20870,"marks":20871,"value":20873,"nodeType":864},{},[20872],{"type":899},"Part of a multi stage attack? ",{"data":20875,"content":20876,"nodeType":860},{},[20877],{"data":20878,"marks":20879,"value":20880,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This gets a lot more interesting when you consider the different things an attacker might do as part of a broader campaign. ",{"data":20882,"content":20883,"nodeType":860},{},[20884],{"data":20885,"marks":20886,"value":20887,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With access to MailChimp, an attacker can send emails on behalf of the compromised account. These emails are highly trusted and expected from the sender, meaning people receiving them are much more likely to engage with the content, click the links, etc. ",{"data":20889,"content":20890,"nodeType":860},{},[20891],{"data":20892,"marks":20893,"value":20894,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So what if an attacker compromised an account, inserted a load of malicious links into the newsletter, and used it in itself as a mass-phishing vector, designed to capture user credentials or deliver malware? Pretty devious! If you scale this up across multiple victims (and not all of them realize that they’ve been phished) you’ve suddenly got your hands on an incredibly valuable phishing vector that is much more likely to succeed than your average cold approach. ",{"data":20896,"content":20897,"nodeType":860},{},[20898],{"data":20899,"marks":20900,"value":20901,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Then, with the additional victims, you could target accounts that are much more inherently valuable to an attacker. You could:",{"data":20903,"content":20904,"nodeType":941},{},[20905,20939,20962],{"data":20906,"content":20907,"nodeType":945},{},[20908],{"data":20909,"content":20910,"nodeType":860},{},[20911,20915,20923,20927,20935],{"data":20912,"marks":20913,"value":20914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Deploy infostealer malware, which has dominated the headlines since the success of the ",{"data":20916,"content":20917,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[20918],{"data":20919,"marks":20920,"value":20922,"nodeType":864},{},[20921],{"type":1455},"Snowflake",{"data":20924,"marks":20925,"value":20926,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks last year, and are continually resulting in data breaches via attackers logging into apps using stolen credentials such as the recent attacks on ",{"data":20928,"content":20929,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14189},[20930],{"data":20931,"marks":20932,"value":20934,"nodeType":864},{},[20933],{"type":1455},"Jira",{"data":20936,"marks":20937,"value":20938,"nodeType":864},{},[]," platforms.",{"data":20940,"content":20941,"nodeType":945},{},[20942],{"data":20943,"content":20944,"nodeType":860},{},[20945,20949,20958],{"data":20946,"marks":20947,"value":20948,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Target personal apps for banking, email, e-com, and other easily monetizable services — which is increasingly easy to do at-scale using ",{"data":20950,"content":20952,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20951},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-atlantis-aio-automates-credential-stuffing-on-140-services/",[20953],{"data":20954,"marks":20955,"value":20957,"nodeType":864},{},[20956],{"type":1455},"tooling for hire",{"data":20959,"marks":20960,"value":20961,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with stolen credentials.",{"data":20963,"content":20964,"nodeType":945},{},[20965],{"data":20966,"content":20967,"nodeType":860},{},[20968],{"data":20969,"marks":20970,"value":20971,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even attempt to deploy ransomware and other malicious software to progress an attack on user devices and networks (a pretty relevant use case for the many subscribers of Troy’s newsletter accessing it on their corporate device!).",{"data":20973,"content":20974,"nodeType":860},{},[20975],{"data":20976,"marks":20977,"value":20978,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even grabbing the list of newsletter sign-ups could enable the attacker to perform this attack from a different MailChimp account, so anyone subscribed to Troy’s newsletter should be wary of emails impersonating Troy’s newsletter reaching them from a different sender address than usual. ",{"data":20980,"content":20981,"nodeType":1312},{},[20982],{"data":20983,"marks":20984,"value":20986,"nodeType":864},{},[20985],{"type":899},"Account security limitations",{"data":20988,"content":20989,"nodeType":860},{},[20990,20994,21002],{"data":20991,"marks":20992,"value":20993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the theme of MailChimp, it’s also notable that MailChimp doesn’t appear to offer SAML support. ",{"data":20995,"content":20997,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20996},"https://www.okta.com/integrations/mailchimp/",[20998],{"data":20999,"marks":21000,"value":21001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Okta lists the app as only available for SWA",{"data":21003,"marks":21004,"value":21005,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (where separate credentials are created to access the app, managed through Okta — more like a password manager than genuine SSO via SAML or OIDC).",{"data":21007,"content":21011,"nodeType":996},{"target":21008},{"sys":21009},{"id":21010,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7b4RZhUIqJMF1OxmyR0qKH",[],{"data":21013,"content":21014,"nodeType":860},{},[21015],{"data":21016,"marks":21017,"value":21018,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means you’re forced to use a username and password. Your only SSO option is to sign in with Google — which many non-Google Workspace users may not have access to. ",{"data":21020,"content":21021,"nodeType":860},{},[21022],{"data":21023,"marks":21024,"value":21025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As Troy points out, MailChimp also fails to offer support for phishing-resistant MFA. This is pretty typical (if disappointing) for the long tail of SaaS apps, which typically leave WebAuthn / passkey support to the IdP. Except in this case, support for SSO in general is limited, meaning you can only use passkeys if you’re logging in with Google. ",{"data":21027,"content":21031,"nodeType":996},{"target":21028},{"sys":21029},{"id":21030,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2lT7fBiOq4JxpMxSLrdUOv",[],{"data":21033,"content":21034,"nodeType":860},{},[21035],{"data":21036,"marks":21037,"value":21038,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So it’s possible that attackers have noticed that accounts in MailChimp are far more likely to have insecure accounts than other traditional phishing targets — simply because they cannot be configured as securely. ",{"data":21040,"content":21044,"nodeType":996},{"target":21041},{"sys":21042},{"id":21043,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"30APqb65kzTA4ySWJIkxGh",[],{"data":21046,"content":21047,"nodeType":1312},{},[21048],{"data":21049,"marks":21050,"value":21052,"nodeType":864},{},[21051],{"type":899},"It might not just be MailChimp",{"data":21054,"content":21055,"nodeType":860},{},[21056],{"data":21057,"marks":21058,"value":21059,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It looks like the same attackers have previously targeted ActiveCampaign, a marketing email and automation platform, based on GitHub comments from December. A domain previously flagged as malicious relating to ActiveCampaign currently redirects to the malicious MailChimp domain seen in Troy’s attack.",{"data":21061,"content":21065,"nodeType":996},{"target":21062},{"sys":21063},{"id":21064,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7M8W9vAYdqPN8NMU8Ug7jq",[],{"data":21067,"content":21071,"nodeType":996},{"target":21068},{"sys":21069},{"id":21070,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7CJfZwc9BpzIL7Fma1Y6o1",[],{"data":21073,"content":21074,"nodeType":860},{},[21075],{"data":21076,"marks":21077,"value":21078,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This could point to a broader campaign targeting similar SaaS platforms for marketing automation and email distribution.",{"data":21080,"content":21081,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21083,"content":21084,"nodeType":1009},{},[21085],{"data":21086,"marks":21087,"value":14368,"nodeType":864},{},[21088],{"type":899},{"data":21090,"content":21091,"nodeType":860},{},[21092,21096,21104,21107,21116],{"data":21093,"marks":21094,"value":21095,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MailChimp might seem an unusual target but there are a lot of ways that attackers can abuse SaaS services, as we’ve discussed at length in our public research with the ",{"data":21097,"content":21098,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20791},[21099],{"data":21100,"marks":21101,"value":21103,"nodeType":864},{},[21102],{"type":1455},"SaaS attacks matrix",{"data":21105,"marks":21106,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21108,"content":21110,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21109},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/",[21111],{"data":21112,"marks":21113,"value":21115,"nodeType":864},{},[21114],{"type":1455},"many webinars and conference talks",{"data":21117,"marks":21118,"value":21119,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Account takeover through modern phishing attacks like the one we've analysed here is key to unlocking this attack surface. ",{"data":21121,"content":21122,"nodeType":860},{},[21123],{"data":21124,"marks":21125,"value":21126,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the vast majority of phishing attacks that we observe do focus on core platforms like Microsoft, Google Workspace and Okta, it makes sense that attackers are broadening their focus to take advantage of the fact that phishing targeting these accounts is less obviously a target, and these accounts are often much less securely configured. But there are many ways to target the interconnected ecosystem of SaaS apps in creative ways that most organizations (and users) are seriously underprepared for. ",{"data":21128,"content":21129,"nodeType":860},{},[21130,21134,21143],{"data":21131,"marks":21132,"value":21133,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers have been targeting consumers and individuals via their sprawl of internet apps for some time — are more business-focused threat groups waking up to the opportunity of targeting SaaS? After all, it’s a ",{"data":21135,"content":21137,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21136},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-itdr/",[21138],{"data":21139,"marks":21140,"value":21142,"nodeType":864},{},[21141],{"type":1455},"great way to evade established controls elsewhere on the network and endpoints",{"data":21144,"marks":21145,"value":21146,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and you can achieve your objectives simply by logging in to (often weakly secured) user accounts.  ",{"data":21148,"content":21149,"nodeType":860},{},[21150],{"data":21151,"marks":21152,"value":21153,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The moral of the story? Phishing attacks are getting pretty sophisticated (and often much more sophisticated than this). Even security pros get phished sometimes!",{"data":21155,"content":21156,"nodeType":1116},{},[21157],{"data":21158,"content":21159,"nodeType":860},{},[21160],{"data":21161,"marks":21162,"value":21164,"nodeType":864},{},[21163],{"type":899},"This is clear indicator that we need stronger technical controls to prevent phishing. If even someone like Troy can be phished, the only reasonable conclusion is that humans will always be susceptible to phishing, no matter how much awareness training they receive. ",{"data":21166,"content":21167,"nodeType":860},{},[21168],{"data":21169,"marks":21170,"value":21171,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A big thanks to Troy for sharing his write-up of the incident!",{"data":21173,"content":21174,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21176,"content":21177,"nodeType":1009},{},[21178],{"data":21179,"marks":21180,"value":14289,"nodeType":864},{},[21181],{"type":899},{"data":21183,"content":21184,"nodeType":860},{},[21185,21189,21198],{"data":21186,"marks":21187,"value":21188,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push takes a unique browser-based approach to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks that overcomes many of the tricks and techniques attackers use to defeat conventional anti-phishing controls. To learn more, ",{"data":21190,"content":21192,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21191},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-its-time-for-phishing-prevention-to-move-beyond-email/",[21193],{"data":21194,"marks":21195,"value":21197,"nodeType":864},{},[21196],{"type":1455},"check out our recent blog post",{"data":21199,"marks":21200,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21202,"content":21203,"nodeType":860},{},[21204,21208,21215],{"data":21205,"marks":21206,"value":21207,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And if you want to see how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking while improving your workforce identity posture, book some time with one of our team for a ",{"data":21209,"content":21210,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},[21211],{"data":21212,"marks":21213,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[21214],{"type":1455},{"data":21216,"marks":21217,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Dissecting a recent MailChimp phishing attack","HIBP creator and well-known security person Troy Hunt recently blogged about a phish he fell for. Here’s what it tells us about how phishing is evolving. ","2025-03-28T00:00:00.000Z","dissecting-a-recent-mailchimp-phishing-attack",{"items":21223},[21224,21226],{"sys":21225,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":21227,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":21229},[21230],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":21231},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":21233,"content":21235,"title":21671,"synopsis":21672,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":21673,"slug":21674,"tagsCollection":21675,"authorsCollection":21681},{"id":21234},"3uLWz59In1waXGcLB9cnPq",{"json":21236},{"data":21237,"content":21238,"nodeType":856},{},[21239,21270,21290,21297,21304,21307,21315,21322,21328,21334,21340,21347,21367,21373,21376,21384,21391,21398,21405,21411,21418,21425,21431,21438,21457,21462,21469,21472,21480,21487,21493,21500,21545,21551,21558,21561,21569,21576,21583,21589,21594,21600,21603,21611,21618,21624,21631,21638,21641,21648,21654],{"data":21240,"content":21241,"nodeType":860},{},[21242,21245,21254,21258,21266],{"data":21243,"marks":21244,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21246,"content":21248,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21247},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/consent_phishing/description.md",[21249],{"data":21250,"marks":21251,"value":21253,"nodeType":864},{},[21252],{"type":1455},"Consent phishing",{"data":21255,"marks":21256,"value":21257,"nodeType":864},{},[]," was one of the first techniques we added to the ",{"data":21259,"content":21261,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21260},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks?tab=readme-ov-file",[21262],{"data":21263,"marks":21264,"value":21103,"nodeType":864},{},[21265],{"type":1455},{"data":21267,"marks":21268,"value":21269,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where attackers trick users into authorizing malicious OAuth apps. ",{"data":21271,"content":21272,"nodeType":860},{},[21273,21277,21286],{"data":21274,"marks":21275,"value":21276,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker sends a phishing link to a target that requests permissions to access sensitive data or permissions to perform dangerous actions for an app the victim is using. If the target grants consent for the permissions, the adversary gains that level of access over the target’s account — and certain data and functionality ",{"data":21278,"content":21280,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21279},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-risky-terrain-of-oauth-scopes-in-third-party/",[21281],{"data":21282,"marks":21283,"value":21285,"nodeType":864},{},[21284],{"type":1455},"depending on the scopes granted",{"data":21287,"marks":21288,"value":21289,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This attack bypasses MFA entirely (including phishing-resistant MFA) by sidestepping the login process — think of it as an authorization attack, as opposed to an authentication one. Naturally, this means it also persists through typical authentication changes like a password reset. ",{"data":21291,"content":21292,"nodeType":860},{},[21293],{"data":21294,"marks":21295,"value":21296,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Consent phishing has been primarily aimed at getting access to larger cloud platforms like Microsoft Azure or Google Workspace tenants, or more complex apps like GitHub. These apps present an obvious opportunity to attackers in terms of the functionality and and data they contain.  ",{"data":21298,"content":21299,"nodeType":860},{},[21300],{"data":21301,"marks":21302,"value":21303,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Two separate cases of consent phishing have hit the headlines this month representing very different use cases — let’s compare them. ",{"data":21305,"content":21306,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21308,"content":21309,"nodeType":1009},{},[21310],{"data":21311,"marks":21312,"value":21314,"nodeType":864},{},[21313],{"type":899},"1. Classic consent phishing",{"data":21316,"content":21317,"nodeType":860},{},[21318],{"data":21319,"marks":21320,"value":21321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers targeted GitHub users across 12,000 repositories by creating fake security alert issues in GitHub repositories. These legit-looking alerts send the victim to a GitHub authorization page for a \"gitsecurityapp\" OAuth app that requests a lot of very risky scopes granting full access to a user's account and repositories.",{"data":21323,"content":21327,"nodeType":996},{"target":21324},{"sys":21325},{"id":21326,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7s7VLePAQzhzXJ6cFkSCAe",[],{"data":21329,"content":21333,"nodeType":996},{"target":21330},{"sys":21331},{"id":21332,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5dppSzNOgffeZTZK2lG6V5",[],{"data":21335,"content":21339,"nodeType":996},{"target":21336},{"sys":21337},{"id":21338,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1dsYU7bM5mPW1AXyRLnqpp",[],{"data":21341,"content":21342,"nodeType":860},{},[21343],{"data":21344,"marks":21345,"value":21346,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once authorized, the attacker has extensive access to the account, from which point they can modify repositories to conduct further attacks against users (e.g. by infecting them with malware), poison the repos and services connected to the repository, and exfiltrate any sensitive data the account has access to. ",{"data":21348,"content":21349,"nodeType":860},{},[21350,21354,21363],{"data":21351,"marks":21352,"value":21353,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside consent phishing, this is an example of ",{"data":21355,"content":21357,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21356},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/in-app_phishing/description.md",[21358],{"data":21359,"marks":21360,"value":21362,"nodeType":864},{},[21361],{"type":1455},"in-app phishing",{"data":21364,"marks":21365,"value":21366,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which avoids delivering the message via corporate email. Even if the target gets an email notification, the phish isn’t delivered via email directly, and so email-based scanning solutions won’t detect it — they’ll receive a legitimate notification email directly from GitHub. It’s also less likely to raise suspicion as GitHub issue notifications are expected, increasing the click chance. ",{"data":21368,"content":21372,"nodeType":996},{"target":21369},{"sys":21370},{"id":21371,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6d6MMyPQ7vaY2KrJTHGeO6",[],{"data":21374,"content":21375,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21377,"content":21378,"nodeType":1009},{},[21379],{"data":21380,"marks":21381,"value":21383,"nodeType":864},{},[21382],{"type":899},"2. Not really consent phishing?",{"data":21385,"content":21386,"nodeType":860},{},[21387],{"data":21388,"marks":21389,"value":21390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This example is much more unusual. In this case, the attacker used malicious Microsoft OAuth apps impersonating Adobe and DocuSign. ",{"data":21392,"content":21393,"nodeType":860},{},[21394],{"data":21395,"marks":21396,"value":21397,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Rather than trying to grab lots of juicy permissions for Microsoft, the attacker used consent phishing to prevent automated analysis of their phishing page by security tools. To be served the real phishing page, you need to first authorize the fake OAuth app — meaning that security tools and bots won’t be able to reach the page to determine if it’s malicious or not. ",{"data":21399,"content":21400,"nodeType":860},{},[21401],{"data":21402,"marks":21403,"value":21404,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack started with attackers sending phishing emails to target users with a fake password reset lure. ",{"data":21406,"content":21410,"nodeType":996},{"target":21407},{"sys":21408},{"id":21409,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3cLd6EbraN9fKuGgL0kkgC",[],{"data":21412,"content":21413,"nodeType":860},{},[21414],{"data":21415,"marks":21416,"value":21417,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because the initial phishing link directs to the legitimate login.microsoftonline.com URL, it appears legitimate and bypasses common domain-based security checks. ",{"data":21419,"content":21420,"nodeType":860},{},[21421],{"data":21422,"marks":21423,"value":21424,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After clicking the link, the user signs into their real Microsoft account (this might even happen automatically if the user is already signed in on the device/browser they’re using). They are then redirected to a permissions request page for the fake OAuth app. ",{"data":21426,"content":21430,"nodeType":996},{"target":21427},{"sys":21428},{"id":21429,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6O4CSx1VCoPAIjjsnKzu75",[],{"data":21432,"content":21433,"nodeType":860},{},[21434],{"data":21435,"marks":21436,"value":21437,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The permissions requested by the app (profile, email, openid) are so limited as to be basically unexploitable. They are also the same permissions you would accept if you were authorizing Microsoft to perform a social login (SSO via OIDC) to a third party app.",{"data":21439,"content":21440,"nodeType":860},{},[21441,21445,21453],{"data":21442,"marks":21443,"value":21444,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clicking the link redirects the victim to the malicious page but masks it using the legit Cloudflare Turnstile service. As well as making the page look more credible (since its fronted by a legit service to block bots) this is a common detection evasion technique we’ve ",{"data":21446,"content":21447,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[21448],{"data":21449,"marks":21450,"value":21452,"nodeType":864},{},[21451],{"type":1455},"blogged about previously",{"data":21454,"marks":21455,"value":21456,"nodeType":864},{},[]," which prevents security solutions from accessing and analysing the malicious page. ",{"data":21458,"content":21461,"nodeType":996},{"target":21459},{"sys":21460},{"id":20164,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":21463,"content":21464,"nodeType":860},{},[21465],{"data":21466,"marks":21467,"value":21468,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After completing the verification, the page (and the malicious phishing kit element) is finally loaded. If the victim authenticates, the session will be stolen by the attacker, along with the captured credentials and MFA code. ",{"data":21470,"content":21471,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21473,"content":21474,"nodeType":1009},{},[21475],{"data":21476,"marks":21477,"value":21479,"nodeType":864},{},[21478],{"type":899},"Using consent phishing to evade detection",{"data":21481,"content":21482,"nodeType":860},{},[21483],{"data":21484,"marks":21485,"value":21486,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker is essentially using their fake OAuth app to prevent security analysts and bots from analysing the real phishing page, because the first page loaded is a link to a legitimate Microsoft domain. They’re also layering it with a range of other detection evasion techniques like using Cloudflare Turnstile.  ",{"data":21488,"content":21492,"nodeType":996},{"target":21489},{"sys":21490},{"id":21491,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Bi9YoMwWVmKoWfkh5tiTA",[],{"data":21494,"content":21495,"nodeType":860},{},[21496],{"data":21497,"marks":21498,"value":21499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve previously blogged about how attackers are using layered detection evasion techniques to circumvent typical phishing page detections, which are often email-based, including:",{"data":21501,"content":21502,"nodeType":941},{},[21503,21524],{"data":21504,"content":21505,"nodeType":945},{},[21506],{"data":21507,"content":21508,"nodeType":860},{},[21509,21512,21520],{"data":21510,"marks":21511,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21513,"content":21514,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[21515],{"data":21516,"marks":21517,"value":21519,"nodeType":864},{},[21518],{"type":1455},"Prevent analysis of phishing pages",{"data":21521,"marks":21522,"value":21523,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by security bots, including using legitimate services like Cloudflare Workers and Turnstile (as above), CAPTCHA, and various sandbox-aware techniques to ensure only the intended victim is served the phishing page, such as only providing the correct parameters to load the page if the correct path is followed (rather than attempting to load the malicious page by going directly to the domain). ",{"data":21525,"content":21526,"nodeType":945},{},[21527],{"data":21528,"content":21529,"nodeType":860},{},[21530,21533,21541],{"data":21531,"marks":21532,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21534,"content":21535,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19284},[21536],{"data":21537,"marks":21538,"value":21540,"nodeType":864},{},[21539],{"type":1455},"DOM and visual obfuscation",{"data":21542,"marks":21543,"value":21544,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of phishing pages when the victim does land on the page to prevent it from being identified as malicious through signature-based detection of page elements. ",{"data":21546,"content":21550,"nodeType":996},{"target":21547},{"sys":21548},{"id":21549,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2dN8np5odBecf7r1vBr69K",[],{"data":21552,"content":21553,"nodeType":860},{},[21554],{"data":21555,"marks":21556,"value":21557,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This seems a bit overkill and many of the steps here are likely to raise suspicion — like the fact that you’re never asked to provide the original code for the password reset, and are asked to unexpectedly consent to an OAuth app. But clearly, the attacker is more concerned about bypassing technical safeguards than human ones (not a great endorsement for the state of phishing awareness training). ",{"data":21559,"content":21560,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21562,"content":21563,"nodeType":1009},{},[21564],{"data":21565,"marks":21566,"value":21568,"nodeType":864},{},[21567],{"type":899},"How Push detects and blocks phishing attacks",{"data":21570,"content":21571,"nodeType":860},{},[21572],{"data":21573,"marks":21574,"value":21575,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push overcomes the various detection evasion techniques shown here by using in-browser detections based on the phishing page that the user sees. This means that no matter where the user accesses the link from (email, IM platform, social media, or anywhere else on the internet) Push can observe and analyse the page to determine if it's malicious. ",{"data":21577,"content":21578,"nodeType":860},{},[21579],{"data":21580,"marks":21581,"value":21582,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses layered detections based on identifying the phishing kit running on the page itself, whether the page is cloned from a legitimate login page, as well as detecting whether the credentials being entered on the page have been used to log into your SSO account previously. ",{"data":21584,"content":21588,"nodeType":996},{"target":21585},{"sys":21586},{"id":21587,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6B1toQAf44rDzQZijYRd9g",[],{"data":21590,"content":21593,"nodeType":996},{"target":21591},{"sys":21592},{"id":19827,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":21595,"content":21599,"nodeType":996},{"target":21596},{"sys":21597},{"id":21598,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"01musWa3FUiO0CVFNWfwcy",[],{"data":21601,"content":21602,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21604,"content":21605,"nodeType":1009},{},[21606],{"data":21607,"marks":21608,"value":21610,"nodeType":864},{},[21609],{"type":899},"Using Push to review OAuth integrations",{"data":21612,"content":21613,"nodeType":860},{},[21614],{"data":21615,"marks":21616,"value":21617,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also use Push to discover and remove risky OAuth integrations accepted by your users. ",{"data":21619,"content":21623,"nodeType":996},{"target":21620},{"sys":21621},{"id":21622,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5kJvy5SBcWLrK2EhLyR1ZD",[],{"data":21625,"content":21626,"nodeType":860},{},[21627],{"data":21628,"marks":21629,"value":21630,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This shows which OAuth apps have been added, which apps they are integrated with, what permissions they’ve been granted, as well as other properties that indicate risk (e.g. whether the app’s publisher has been verified). ",{"data":21632,"content":21633,"nodeType":860},{},[21634],{"data":21635,"marks":21636,"value":21637,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If your users are consent phished, you’ll be notified via webhook event that a new integration has been added. These risky integrations can be removed via the Push platform by clicking ‘delete integration’. ",{"data":21639,"content":21640,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21642,"content":21643,"nodeType":1009},{},[21644],{"data":21645,"marks":21646,"value":20401,"nodeType":864},{},[21647],{"type":899},{"data":21649,"content":21650,"nodeType":860},{},[21651],{"data":21652,"marks":21653,"value":19851,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21655,"content":21656,"nodeType":860},{},[21657,21660,21668],{"data":21658,"marks":21659,"value":19858,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21661,"content":21663,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21662},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[21664],{"data":21665,"marks":21666,"value":20422,"nodeType":864},{},[21667],{"type":1455},{"data":21669,"marks":21670,"value":20426,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How consent phishing is evolving to defeat detection controls","Consent phishing is where attackers trick users into authorizing access for malicious OAuth apps. Here's how attackers are using this technique in the wild.","2025-03-31T00:00:00.000Z","how-consent-phishing-is-evolving",{"items":21676},[21677,21679],{"sys":21678,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":21680,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":21682},[21683],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":21684},{"url":2740},"three-reasons-why-browser-is-best-for-stopping-phishing-attacks","blog/three-reasons-why-browser-is-best-for-stopping-phishing-attacks",{"json":21688},{"data":21689,"content":21690,"nodeType":856},{},[21691],{"data":21692,"content":21693,"nodeType":860},{},[21694],{"data":21695,"marks":21696,"value":21697,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why being in the browser gives defenders a key advantage over network- and email-based phishing prevention, detection, and response tools. ","Why being in the browser gives defenders a key advantage over network and email phishing prevention, detection, and response tools. ",{"id":21700,"publishedAt":21701},"3dtvtDQdcQ6fAW7CB8VOFP","2026-08-12T11:54:13.980Z",{"items":21703},[21704,21706],{"sys":21705,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":21707,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"items":21709},[21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736],{"sys":21711,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":21713,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":21715,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":21717,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":21719,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":21721,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":21723,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":21725,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":21727,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":21729,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":21731,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":21733,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":21735,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45},{"id":374},{"sys":21737,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},"3YshXuJ5vCxZNUkwHxNIDFHPP05eO3yxWJmeqIDYoPA",{"id":21740,"title":21741,"authorsCollection":21742,"content":21747,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":22286,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":22288,"metaTitle":22289,"ogImage":59,"postType":6304,"publishedDate":19950,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":22290,"slug":23774,"stem":23775,"subtitle":59,"summary":23776,"synopsis":23787,"sys":23788,"tagsCollection":23791,"topicsCollection":23797,"__hash__":23825},"blog/blog/why-most-phishing-attacks-feel-like-a-zero-day.json","Why most phishing attacks feel like a zero-day",{"items":21743},[21744],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"socialLinks":21745,"profilePicture":21746},[11832],{"url":2740},{"json":21748,"links":22254},{"data":21749,"content":21750,"nodeType":856},{},[21751,21757,21763,21775,21787,21790,21798,21804,21811,21818,21825,21832,21838,21845,21850,21853,21861,21868,21901,21908,21916,21923,21930,21937,21943,21951,21958,21963,21970,21991,21998,22006,22013,22020,22027,22032,22039,22056,22059,22067,22081,22087,22121,22129,22132,22140,22147,22161,22166,22172,22178,22185,22190,22197,22202,22205,22212,22218,22223,22228,22248],{"data":21752,"content":21753,"nodeType":860},{},[21754],{"data":21755,"marks":21756,"value":19242,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21758,"content":21759,"nodeType":860},{},[21760],{"data":21761,"marks":21762,"value":19256,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21764,"content":21765,"nodeType":860},{},[21766,21770],{"data":21767,"marks":21768,"value":21769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A key challenge with phishing detection is that based on the known-bad indicators that we as an industry use to commonly detect phishing pages, pretty much every phishing attack looks different and uses a unique combination of domain, URL, IPs, page composition, target app, etc. ",{"data":21771,"marks":21772,"value":21774,"nodeType":864},{},[21773],{"type":899},"Effectively, every phishing attack is completely novel. You might even describe them as “zero-days” (cue the collective sharp intake of breath)...",{"data":21776,"content":21777,"nodeType":860},{},[21778,21782],{"data":21779,"marks":21780,"value":21781,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The goal here isn’t to sensationalize phishing attacks — quite the opposite. Rather, this shines a light on the state of phishing detection controls. ",{"data":21783,"marks":21784,"value":21786,"nodeType":864},{},[21785],{"type":899},"Frankly, if every phishing attack is a zero-day, something has gone very wrong with how we detect these attacks…",{"data":21788,"content":21789,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21791,"content":21792,"nodeType":1009},{},[21793],{"data":21794,"marks":21795,"value":21797,"nodeType":864},{},[21796],{"type":899},"Phishing detection 101",{"data":21799,"content":21800,"nodeType":860},{},[21801],{"data":21802,"marks":21803,"value":19402,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21805,"content":21806,"nodeType":860},{},[21807],{"data":21808,"marks":21809,"value":21810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing detection, at its core, relies on blocklists made up of indicators of compromise (IoCs) relating to phishing pages that have been successfully identified as malicious. These IoCs consist of malicious domains, URLs, and IPs that have appeared in an attack. ",{"data":21812,"content":21813,"nodeType":860},{},[21814],{"data":21815,"marks":21816,"value":21817,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IoCs are collected by security vendors and service providers across a range of sources. Mostly though, the malicious page needs to be used in a phishing campaign before it has a chance of being detected. This means that a would-be victim needs to interact with it in some way — either by falling for a phishing attack, or reporting it as suspicious. ",{"data":21819,"content":21820,"nodeType":860},{},[21821],{"data":21822,"marks":21823,"value":21824,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once a page is flagged, it can be investigated — either manually (by a security person) or automatically (by a product/tool). If the page can be accessed and analyzed, and malicious content is found (more on this later) then the page’s IoCs can be collected and added to a blocklist. ",{"data":21826,"content":21827,"nodeType":860},{},[21828],{"data":21829,"marks":21830,"value":21831,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This information will then begin to circulate across the various threat intelligence feeds and security products leveraging this information. The majority of phishing detection and control enforcement is focused at the email and network layer — typically at the Secure Email Gateway (SEG), Secure Web Gateway (SWG)/proxy, or both. ",{"data":21833,"content":21837,"nodeType":996},{"target":21834},{"sys":21835},{"id":21836,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7xPrHlTjDI1Lc620fAnxvX",[],{"data":21839,"content":21840,"nodeType":860},{},[21841],{"data":21842,"marks":21843,"value":21844,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re following the thought pattern here, you can probably already see the root of the problem. To detect and block a phishing page, it needs to be used in an attack first…",{"data":21846,"content":21849,"nodeType":996},{"target":21847},{"sys":21848},{"id":19874,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":21851,"content":21852,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21854,"content":21855,"nodeType":1009},{},[21856],{"data":21857,"marks":21858,"value":21860,"nodeType":864},{},[21859],{"type":899},"Why most phishing attacks are zero-day",{"data":21862,"content":21863,"nodeType":860},{},[21864],{"data":21865,"marks":21866,"value":21867,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers know that phishing detection and blocking:",{"data":21869,"content":21870,"nodeType":941},{},[21871,21881,21891],{"data":21872,"content":21873,"nodeType":945},{},[21874],{"data":21875,"content":21876,"nodeType":860},{},[21877],{"data":21878,"marks":21879,"value":21880,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Relies on blocklisting IoCs like domains, URLs and IPs",{"data":21882,"content":21883,"nodeType":945},{},[21884],{"data":21885,"content":21886,"nodeType":860},{},[21887],{"data":21888,"marks":21889,"value":21890,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Is situated at the email and network layer",{"data":21892,"content":21893,"nodeType":945},{},[21894],{"data":21895,"content":21896,"nodeType":860},{},[21897],{"data":21898,"marks":21899,"value":21900,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Requires that a page is accessed and analyzed before it can be blocked",{"data":21902,"content":21903,"nodeType":860},{},[21904],{"data":21905,"marks":21906,"value":21907,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These methods have remained practically unchanged for more than a decade. So it stands to reason that attackers are getting pretty good at avoiding them. ",{"data":21909,"content":21910,"nodeType":1312},{},[21911],{"data":21912,"marks":21913,"value":21915,"nodeType":864},{},[21914],{"type":899},"It’s easy for attackers to evade IoC-based detections",{"data":21917,"content":21918,"nodeType":860},{},[21919],{"data":21920,"marks":21921,"value":21922,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing domains are highly disposable by nature. Attackers are buying them in bulk, constantly taking over legitimate domains, and generally planning for the fact that they’ll get through a lot of them.",{"data":21924,"content":21925,"nodeType":860},{},[21926],{"data":21927,"marks":21928,"value":21929,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern phishing architecture is also able to dynamically rotate and update commonly signatured elements — for example, by dynamically rotating the links served to visitors from a continually refreshed pool (so every person that clicks the link gets served a different URL) and even going as far as using things like one-time magic links (which also means that any security team members trying to investigate the page later won’t be able to do so). ",{"data":21931,"content":21932,"nodeType":860},{},[21933],{"data":21934,"marks":21935,"value":21936,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You could look at which IP address the user connects to, but these days it’s very simple for attackers to add a new IP to their cloud-hosted server. If a domain is flagged as known-bad, the attacker only has to register a new domain, or compromise a WordPress server on an already trusted domain. Both of these things are happening on a massive scale as attackers pre-plan for the fact that their domains will be burned at some point. ",{"data":21938,"content":21939,"nodeType":860},{},[21940],{"data":21941,"marks":21942,"value":19507,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21944,"content":21945,"nodeType":1312},{},[21946],{"data":21947,"marks":21948,"value":21950,"nodeType":864},{},[21949],{"type":899},"Phishing doesn’t just happen over email",{"data":21952,"content":21953,"nodeType":860},{},[21954],{"data":21955,"marks":21956,"value":21957,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To evade email-based detections, attackers are going multi- and cross-channel with their attacks. ",{"data":21959,"content":21962,"nodeType":996},{"target":21960},{"sys":21961},{"id":19358,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":21964,"content":21965,"nodeType":860},{},[21966],{"data":21967,"marks":21968,"value":21969,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not only are attackers using different phishing vectors, they’re chaining them together to prevent security tools from intercepting the link. So for example, a social media message that sends you a non-malicious PDF with a link embedded in it, that finally directs you to a malicious webpage.",{"data":21971,"content":21972,"nodeType":860},{},[21973,21977,21981,21984,21988],{"data":21974,"marks":21975,"value":21976,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth also pointing out the limitations of email-based solutions here too. Email has some additional checks around the sender’s reputation and things like DMARC/DKIM, but these don’t actually identify malicious ",{"data":21978,"marks":21979,"value":19371,"nodeType":864},{},[21980],{"type":899},{"data":21982,"marks":21983,"value":19375,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21985,"marks":21986,"value":19380,"nodeType":864},{},[21987],{"type":899},{"data":21989,"marks":21990,"value":19384,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21992,"content":21993,"nodeType":860},{},[21994],{"data":21995,"marks":21996,"value":21997,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In any case, while modern email solutions can bring a lot more to the table, neither email or network (proxy) based tools can’t definitively know that a page is malicious unless they can access the page and analyze it… ",{"data":21999,"content":22000,"nodeType":1312},{},[22001],{"data":22002,"marks":22003,"value":22005,"nodeType":864},{},[22004],{"type":899},"Attackers are preventing their pages from being analyzed",{"data":22007,"content":22008,"nodeType":860},{},[22009],{"data":22010,"marks":22011,"value":22012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both email and network (proxy) based solutions rely on being able to inspect and analyze a page to identify whether it is malicious or not, after which IoCs are generated that can be enforced when a link is clicked (or received in your email inbox).",{"data":22014,"content":22015,"nodeType":860},{},[22016],{"data":22017,"marks":22018,"value":22019,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern phishing pages aren’t static HTML — like most other modern web pages, these are dynamic web apps rendered in the browser, with JavaScript dynamically rewriting the page and launching the malicious content. This means that most basic, static checks fail to identify the malicious content running on the page. ",{"data":22021,"content":22022,"nodeType":860},{},[22023],{"data":22024,"marks":22025,"value":22026,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To address this, both email and network security tools will try to explode links in a sandbox to observe the page’s behavior. But attackers are getting around this simply by implementing bot protection by requiring user interaction with a CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile. ",{"data":22028,"content":22031,"nodeType":996},{"target":22029},{"sys":22030},{"id":19332,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":22033,"content":22034,"nodeType":860},{},[22035],{"data":22036,"marks":22037,"value":22038,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even if you can get past Turnstile, then you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, and execute JavaScript, to be served the malicious page. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":22040,"content":22041,"nodeType":860},{},[22042,22045,22053],{"data":22043,"marks":22044,"value":19546,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22046,"content":22048,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22047},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/?utm_campaign=12100141-FY25Q2_Bleeping-Computer-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[22049],{"data":22050,"marks":22051,"value":19555,"nodeType":864},{},[22052],{"type":1455},{"data":22054,"marks":22055,"value":19559,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22057,"content":22058,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":22060,"content":22061,"nodeType":1009},{},[22062],{"data":22063,"marks":22064,"value":22066,"nodeType":864},{},[22065],{"type":899},"Phishing attacks are zero-day because phishing detection is post mortem",{"data":22068,"content":22069,"nodeType":860},{},[22070,22074,22078],{"data":22071,"marks":22072,"value":22073,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The result of these detection evasion and obfuscation techniques is that ",{"data":22075,"marks":22076,"value":19673,"nodeType":864},{},[22077],{"type":899},{"data":22079,"marks":22080,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22082,"content":22083,"nodeType":860},{},[22084],{"data":22085,"marks":22086,"value":19683,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22088,"content":22089,"nodeType":860},{},[22090,22093,22097,22100,22104,22107,22111,22114,22118],{"data":22091,"marks":22092,"value":19690,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22094,"marks":22095,"value":19695,"nodeType":864},{},[22096],{"type":899},{"data":22098,"marks":22099,"value":19699,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22101,"marks":22102,"value":19704,"nodeType":864},{},[22103],{"type":899},{"data":22105,"marks":22106,"value":19708,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22108,"marks":22109,"value":19704,"nodeType":864},{},[22110],{"type":899},{"data":22112,"marks":22113,"value":19716,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22115,"marks":22116,"value":19721,"nodeType":864},{},[22117],{"type":899},{"data":22119,"marks":22120,"value":19725,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22122,"content":22123,"nodeType":860},{},[22124],{"data":22125,"marks":22126,"value":22128,"nodeType":864},{},[22127],{"type":899},"The result? Most phishing attacks are entirely novel because phishing detection is inherently post mortem — it relies on known-bads. How does something become known-bad? When a user is phished…",{"data":22130,"content":22131,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":22133,"content":22134,"nodeType":1009},{},[22135],{"data":22136,"marks":22137,"value":22139,"nodeType":864},{},[22138],{"type":899},"To fix phishing detection, we need real-time analysis",{"data":22141,"content":22142,"nodeType":860},{},[22143],{"data":22144,"marks":22145,"value":22146,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s clear that how we detect and block phishing attacks is fundamentally flawed. The good news is, we’ve been here before. ",{"data":22148,"content":22149,"nodeType":860},{},[22150,22154,22158],{"data":22151,"marks":22152,"value":22153,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When endpoint attacks skyrocketed in the late 2000s / early 2010s, they took advantage of the fact that defenders were trying to detect malware with primarily network-based detections, signature-based analysis of files, and running files in sandboxes (which was reliably defeated with sandbox-aware malware and using things as simple as putting an execution delay in the code). But this gave way to EDR, which presented a better way of observing and intercepting malicious software in ",{"data":22155,"marks":22156,"value":19430,"nodeType":864},{},[22157],{"type":899},{"data":22159,"marks":22160,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22162,"content":22165,"nodeType":996},{"target":22163},{"sys":22164},{"id":19438,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":22167,"content":22168,"nodeType":860},{},[22169],{"data":22170,"marks":22171,"value":19446,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22173,"content":22174,"nodeType":860},{},[22175],{"data":22176,"marks":22177,"value":19453,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22179,"content":22180,"nodeType":860},{},[22181],{"data":22182,"marks":22183,"value":22184,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In many ways, the browser is the new Operating System. It’s where modern work predominantly takes place — and where attacks are happening too.  ",{"data":22186,"content":22189,"nodeType":996},{"target":22187},{"sys":22188},{"id":19458,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":22191,"content":22192,"nodeType":860},{},[22193],{"data":22194,"marks":22195,"value":22196,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To stop phishing attacks as they happen, we need to be able to observe the page in real-time, as the user sees it from inside the browser. Not in a sandbox — seeing the real page, at the same time as the user. Only then can we build the detection and containment controls required to move phishing beyond the current cat-and-mouse game, where attackers are always two steps ahead. ",{"data":22198,"content":22201,"nodeType":996},{"target":22199},{"sys":22200},{"id":19629,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":22203,"content":22204,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":22206,"content":22207,"nodeType":1009},{},[22208],{"data":22209,"marks":22210,"value":19748,"nodeType":864},{},[22211],{"type":899},{"data":22213,"content":22214,"nodeType":860},{},[22215],{"data":22216,"marks":22217,"value":19755,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22219,"content":22222,"nodeType":996},{"target":22220},{"sys":22221},{"id":19642,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":22224,"content":22227,"nodeType":996},{"target":22225},{"sys":22226},{"id":19874,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":22229,"content":22230,"nodeType":1116},{},[22231],{"data":22232,"content":22233,"nodeType":860},{},[22234,22237,22245],{"data":22235,"marks":22236,"value":19858,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22238,"content":22240,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22239},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=12100141-FY25Q2_Bleeping-Computer-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[22241],{"data":22242,"marks":22243,"value":18354,"nodeType":864},{},[22244],{"type":1455},{"data":22246,"marks":22247,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22249,"content":22250,"nodeType":860},{},[22251],{"data":22252,"marks":22253,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":22255},{"hyperlink":22256,"inline":22257,"block":22258},[],[],[22259,22266,22268,22271,22274,22277,22280,22283],{"sys":22260,"__typename":1724,"title":22261,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":22262},{"id":21836},"IoC-based blocklists underpin phishing detection and 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In 2024, identity-based attack vectors involving a human element (phishing and stolen credentials) accounted for 80% of the initial access observed by ",{"data":23853,"content":23854,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4408},[23855],{"data":23856,"marks":23857,"value":23859,"nodeType":864},{},[23858],{"type":1455},"Verizon",{"data":23861,"marks":23862,"value":23863,"nodeType":864},{},[],", while 69% of organizations experienced a phishing incident in 2024 according to ",{"data":23865,"content":23867,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23866},"https://www.idsalliance.org/white-paper/2024-trends-in-securing-digital-identities/",[23868],{"data":23869,"marks":23870,"value":23872,"nodeType":864},{},[23871],{"type":1455},"IDSA",{"data":23874,"marks":23875,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":23877,"content":23881,"nodeType":996},{"target":23878},{"sys":23879},{"id":23880,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4urh9lIuo0ePgVIJZNtP2B",[],{"data":23883,"content":23884,"nodeType":860},{},[23885],{"data":23886,"marks":23887,"value":23888,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, why are phishing attacks still so effective for attackers? ",{"data":23890,"content":23891,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23893,"content":23894,"nodeType":1009},{},[23895],{"data":23896,"marks":23897,"value":23899,"nodeType":864},{},[23898],{"type":899},"Modern phishing attacks are evading established controls",{"data":23901,"content":23902,"nodeType":860},{},[23903],{"data":23904,"marks":23905,"value":23906,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s start with the lay of the land: What controls and capabilities do organizations typically rely on when it comes to blocking credential phishing?  ",{"data":23908,"content":23909,"nodeType":860},{},[23910],{"data":23911,"marks":23912,"value":23913,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re using an email security solution, you’re relying on the following core capabilities when it comes to detecting malicious phishing pages:",{"data":23915,"content":23916,"nodeType":941},{},[23917,23932],{"data":23918,"content":23919,"nodeType":945},{},[23920],{"data":23921,"content":23922,"nodeType":860},{},[23923,23928],{"data":23924,"marks":23925,"value":23927,"nodeType":864},{},[23926],{"type":899},"Known-bad blocklists:",{"data":23929,"marks":23930,"value":23931,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Block users from accessing known-bad or unapproved domains/URLs, and block traffic from known-bad malicious IPs, using Threat Intelligence (TI) feeds.",{"data":23933,"content":23934,"nodeType":945},{},[23935],{"data":23936,"content":23937,"nodeType":860},{},[23938,23943],{"data":23939,"marks":23940,"value":23942,"nodeType":864},{},[23941],{"type":899},"Malicious webpage detection:",{"data":23944,"marks":23945,"value":23946,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Inspect webpages by loading them in a sandbox to detect malicious elements.",{"data":23948,"content":23949,"nodeType":860},{},[23950],{"data":23951,"marks":23952,"value":23953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This also applies to other solutions that rely on these capabilities, such as web-based content filtering (e.g. Google Safe Browsing), CASB, SASE, SWG, etc. ",{"data":23955,"content":23956,"nodeType":860},{},[23957],{"data":23958,"marks":23959,"value":23960,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But, attackers are now using specific tactics, techniques, procedures (TTPs) and tooling designed to defeat these solutions. ",{"data":23962,"content":23963,"nodeType":860},{},[23964],{"data":23965,"marks":23966,"value":23967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s look at where these controls are falling short. ",{"data":23969,"content":23970,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23972,"content":23973,"nodeType":1009},{},[23974],{"data":23975,"marks":23976,"value":23978,"nodeType":864},{},[23977],{"type":899},"Attackers are innovating with new tooling and techniques",{"data":23980,"content":23981,"nodeType":860},{},[23982,23986,23995],{"data":23983,"marks":23984,"value":23985,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The vast majority of phishing attacks today are executed using ",{"data":23987,"content":23989,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23988},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-2-0-how-phishing-toolkits-are-evolving-with-aitm/?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[23990],{"data":23991,"marks":23992,"value":23994,"nodeType":864},{},[23993],{"type":1455},"AitM phishing kits — otherwise known as “MFA bypass” kits",{"data":23996,"marks":23997,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":23999,"content":24000,"nodeType":860},{},[24001],{"data":24002,"marks":24003,"value":24004,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These kits use dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application. This allows the target to log in successfully with a legitimate service they use and even continue to interact with it. ",{"data":24006,"content":24007,"nodeType":860},{},[24008],{"data":24009,"marks":24010,"value":24011,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. However, because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions, intercept authentication material like credentials, MFA codes, and session tokens to take control of the authenticated session and gain control of the user account. ",{"data":24013,"content":24017,"nodeType":996},{"target":24014},{"sys":24015},{"id":24016,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ZAawfzPVfhb8cmvWNZEVK",[],{"data":24019,"content":24020,"nodeType":860},{},[24021],{"data":24022,"marks":24023,"value":24024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA was once widely regarded as the silver bullet for phishing (we all remember the Microsoft stat “MFA prevents over 99% of identity-based attacks”) but this is no longer the case. ",{"data":24026,"content":24027,"nodeType":860},{},[24028],{"data":24029,"marks":24030,"value":24031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not only are these kits incredibly effective at bypassing other anti-phishing controls like MFA, attackers are building them specifically to evade common detection tooling and techniques. ",{"data":24033,"content":24034,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24036,"content":24037,"nodeType":1312},{},[24038],{"data":24039,"marks":24040,"value":24042,"nodeType":864},{},[24041],{"type":899},"Known-bad blocklists can’t keep up",{"data":24044,"content":24045,"nodeType":860},{},[24046],{"data":24047,"marks":24048,"value":24049,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The fundamental limitation with known-bad blocklists is that they focus on indicators that are easy for attackers to change, in turn making detections based on them easy to bypass. ",{"data":24051,"content":24052,"nodeType":860},{},[24053],{"data":24054,"marks":24055,"value":24056,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers have gotten pretty good at disguising and rotating these elements. In modern phishing attacks, every target can receive a unique email and link. Even just using a URL shortener can bypass this. It’s equivalent to a malware hash – trivial to change, and therefore not a great thing to pin your detections on. The kind of detection that sits right at the bottom of the Pyramid of Pain. ",{"data":24058,"content":24062,"nodeType":996},{"target":24059},{"sys":24060},{"id":24061,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6cG2fx3AikwptyEyXKrYCK",[],{"data":24064,"content":24065,"nodeType":860},{},[24066],{"data":24067,"marks":24068,"value":24069,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You could look at which IP address the user connects to, but these days it’s very simple for attackers to add a new IP to their cloud-hosted server. If a domain is flagged as known-bad, the attacker only has to register a new domain, or compromise a WordPress server on an already trusted domain. Both of these things are happening on a massive scale as attackers pre-plan for the fact that their domains will be burned at some point. Attackers are more than happy to spend $10-$20 per new domain in the grand scheme of the potential proceeds of crime. ",{"data":24071,"content":24072,"nodeType":860},{},[24073,24077,24086],{"data":24074,"marks":24075,"value":24076,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, ",{"data":24078,"content":24080,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24079},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection/?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[24081],{"data":24082,"marks":24083,"value":24085,"nodeType":864},{},[24084],{"type":1455},"recent examples of Adversary-in-the-Middle phishing kits",{"data":24087,"marks":24088,"value":24089,"nodeType":864},{},[]," including Tycoon, Nakedpages, Evilginx were seen to rotate the URLs they resolve to (from a continually refreshed pool of URLs), mask the HTTP Referer header to disguise suspicious redirects, and redirect to benign (legitimate) domains if anyone but the intended victims attempted to visit the page. ",{"data":24091,"content":24092,"nodeType":860},{},[24093,24097,24106,24110,24119],{"data":24094,"marks":24095,"value":24096,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And in many cases, attackers are ",{"data":24098,"content":24100,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24099},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/campaign-abusing-hubspot-targets-20-000-microsoft-azure-accounts/",[24101],{"data":24102,"marks":24103,"value":24105,"nodeType":864},{},[24104],{"type":1455},"leveraging legitimate SaaS services",{"data":24107,"marks":24108,"value":24109,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to conduct their campaigns (",{"data":24111,"content":24113,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24112},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/proofpoint-settings-exploited-to-send-millions-of-phishing-emails-daily/",[24114],{"data":24115,"marks":24116,"value":24118,"nodeType":864},{},[24117],{"type":1455},"sometimes even using email protection services themselves!",{"data":24120,"marks":24121,"value":24122,"nodeType":864},{},[],") making it even harder to filter genuine from harmful links. ",{"data":24124,"content":24125,"nodeType":860},{},[24126],{"data":24127,"marks":24128,"value":24129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But there’s a bigger issue here – for defenders to know that a URL, IP, or domain name is bad, it needs to be reported first. When are things reported? Typically after being used in an attack — so unfortunately, someone always gets hurt. ",{"data":24131,"content":24132,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24134,"content":24135,"nodeType":1312},{},[24136],{"data":24137,"marks":24138,"value":24140,"nodeType":864},{},[24139],{"type":899},"Malicious webpage detections are failing",{"data":24142,"content":24143,"nodeType":860},{},[24144],{"data":24145,"marks":24146,"value":24147,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are using various tricks to prevent security tools and bots from reaching their phishing pages to analyse them. ",{"data":24149,"content":24150,"nodeType":860},{},[24151],{"data":24152,"marks":24153,"value":24154,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using legitimate services to host their domains is increasingly common, with services like Cloudflare Workers used for the initial gateway, and Cloudflare Turnstile to prevent security bots from advancing to the page. ",{"data":24156,"content":24160,"nodeType":996},{"target":24157},{"sys":24158},{"id":24159,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4XNxLbiZf3xUK1WeFDjjxl",[],{"data":24162,"content":24163,"nodeType":860},{},[24164],{"data":24165,"marks":24166,"value":22038,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24168,"content":24169,"nodeType":860},{},[24170],{"data":24171,"marks":24172,"value":24173,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And if all this wasn’t enough, they’re also obfuscating both visual and DOM elements to prevent signature-based detections from picking them up — so even if you can land on the page, there’s a high chance that your detections won’t trigger. ",{"data":24175,"content":24176,"nodeType":860},{},[24177],{"data":24178,"marks":24179,"value":24180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By changing the DOM structure, attackers are loading functionally equivalent pages that look very different under the hood.",{"data":24182,"content":24185,"nodeType":996},{"target":24183},{"sys":24184},{"id":21549,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":24187,"content":24188,"nodeType":860},{},[24189],{"data":24190,"marks":24191,"value":24192,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They’re also randomizing page titles, dynamically decoding text, changing the size and name of image elements, using different favicons, blurring backgrounds, substituting logos, and more… all to defeat common detections. ",{"data":24194,"content":24198,"nodeType":996},{"target":24195},{"sys":24196},{"id":24197,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3hlzM3qIqaZHy3qxtnRS5x",[],{"data":24200,"content":24201,"nodeType":860},{},[24202],{"data":24203,"marks":24204,"value":24205,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With all this, it’s no surprise that defenders can’t keep up. ",{"data":24207,"content":24208,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24210,"content":24211,"nodeType":1009},{},[24212],{"data":24213,"marks":24214,"value":10630,"nodeType":864},{},[24215],{"type":899},{"data":24217,"content":24218,"nodeType":860},{},[24219],{"data":24220,"marks":24221,"value":24222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Historically, the industry has seen email security solutions and anti-phishing as the same thing. But it’s clear that email-based phishing protection isn’t really cutting it when it comes to modern credential phishing attacks (the most common and impactful phishing variant today). ",{"data":24224,"content":24225,"nodeType":860},{},[24226],{"data":24227,"marks":24228,"value":24229,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t to say that email-based solutions have no value — far from it. But relying on email scanners to detect phishing pages as a single line of defense isn’t enough anymore. ",{"data":24231,"content":24232,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24234,"content":24235,"nodeType":1009},{},[24236],{"data":24237,"marks":24238,"value":24240,"nodeType":864},{},[24239],{"type":899},"Building better phishing controls",{"data":24242,"content":24243,"nodeType":860},{},[24244],{"data":24245,"marks":24246,"value":24247,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The key to solving this problem is, put simply, building better controls. But to do this, we need to move away from email as being the primary (or often the only) place where phishing attacks can be stopped. ",{"data":24249,"content":24250,"nodeType":860},{},[24251],{"data":24252,"marks":24253,"value":24254,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While email is the main delivery vector for phishing attacks (at least, according to the data we have, which comes primarily from email security solutions) it’s not the only one. Phishing links are increasingly delivered to victims over IM platforms, social media — and generally over the internet. ",{"data":24256,"content":24257,"nodeType":860},{},[24258],{"data":24259,"marks":24260,"value":24261,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A better solution to the problem would therefore be able to follow the user across the sites they use, and see the actual phishing pages as the user sees them, as opposed to a sandbox (which, as we’ve discussed, attackers are well prepared for). ",{"data":24263,"content":24264,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24266,"content":24267,"nodeType":1312},{},[24268],{"data":24269,"marks":24270,"value":24272,"nodeType":864},{},[24271],{"type":899},"Is browser-based phishing protection the solution?",{"data":24274,"content":24275,"nodeType":860},{},[24276],{"data":24277,"marks":24278,"value":24279,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While we’ve been conditioned to think about phishing as something that happens over email, it’s actually the browser where most of the action happens, regardless of the initial delivery channel.",{"data":24281,"content":24282,"nodeType":860},{},[24283],{"data":24284,"marks":24285,"value":24286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And while it’s tempting to view the delivery of a phishing link as the attack itself, the phish can’t succeed unless the victim enters their genuine credentials on the malicious page. ",{"data":24288,"content":24289,"nodeType":860},{},[24290],{"data":24291,"marks":24292,"value":24293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push provides a browser-based identity security solution that stops phishing attacks where they happen — in employee browsers. ",{"data":24295,"content":24296,"nodeType":860},{},[24297],{"data":24298,"marks":24299,"value":24300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Being in the browser delivers a lot of advantages when it comes to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks. You see the live webpage that the user sees, meaning you have much better visibility of malicious elements running on the page. It also means that you can implement real-time controls that kick in when a malicious element is detected. ",{"data":24302,"content":24303,"nodeType":860},{},[24304],{"data":24305,"marks":24306,"value":24307,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s a clear difference when you compare a phishing attack with and without Push. ",{"data":24309,"content":24313,"nodeType":996},{"target":24310},{"sys":24311},{"id":24312,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2CbGMUSJsP1mNeHkmpLl6N",[],{"data":24315,"content":24316,"nodeType":860},{},[24317],{"data":24318,"marks":24319,"value":24320,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here, an attacker hacks a WordPress blog to get a reputable domain and then runs a phishing toolkit on the webpage. They email one of your employees a link to it. Your SWG or email scanning solution inspects it in a sandbox but the phish kit detects this and redirects to a benign site so that it passes the inspection. ",{"data":24322,"content":24323,"nodeType":860},{},[24324],{"data":24325,"marks":24326,"value":24327,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Your user gets the email with the link and is now free to interact with the phishing page. They enter their credentials plus MFA code into the page and voila! The attacker steals the authenticated session and takes over the user’s account.  ",{"data":24329,"content":24333,"nodeType":996},{"target":24330},{"sys":24331},{"id":24332,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"77smnID1woCfFJrJPyTvKY",[],{"data":24335,"content":24336,"nodeType":860},{},[24337],{"data":24338,"marks":24339,"value":24340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But with Push, our browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page, detecting that:",{"data":24342,"content":24343,"nodeType":941},{},[24344,24354,24364],{"data":24345,"content":24346,"nodeType":945},{},[24347],{"data":24348,"content":24349,"nodeType":860},{},[24350],{"data":24351,"marks":24352,"value":24353,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The password the user is entering matches the domain that password is pinned to. Since it doesn't match, based on this detection alone the user is automatically redirected to a blocking page. ",{"data":24355,"content":24356,"nodeType":945},{},[24357],{"data":24358,"content":24359,"nodeType":860},{},[24360],{"data":24361,"marks":24362,"value":24363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The rendered web app is using a cloned app login page.",{"data":24365,"content":24366,"nodeType":945},{},[24367],{"data":24368,"content":24369,"nodeType":860},{},[24370],{"data":24371,"marks":24372,"value":19795,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24374,"content":24375,"nodeType":860},{},[24376],{"data":24377,"marks":24378,"value":19802,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24380,"content":24381,"nodeType":860},{},[24382,24386],{"data":24383,"marks":24384,"value":24385,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are good examples of detections that are difficult (or impossible) for an attacker to evade — ",{"data":24387,"marks":24388,"value":24390,"nodeType":864},{},[24389],{"type":899},"you can’t phish a victim if they can’t enter their credentials into your phishing site! ",{"data":24392,"content":24393,"nodeType":860},{},[24394,24398,24407],{"data":24395,"marks":24396,"value":24397,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If we look at the Pyramid of Pain again, we can see that these are much harder detections for attackers to get around, ",{"data":24399,"content":24401,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24400},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-itdr/?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[24402],{"data":24403,"marks":24404,"value":24406,"nodeType":864},{},[24405],{"type":1455},"enabling earlier detection and interception of account takeover ",{"data":24408,"marks":24409,"value":24410,"nodeType":864},{},[],"when compared to static, TI-driven blocklists — stopping attacks before anyone gets hurt.",{"data":24412,"content":24416,"nodeType":996},{"target":24413},{"sys":24414},{"id":24415,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6q8H7vA8k7mLrSsr5R0TZ1",[],{"data":24418,"content":24419,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24421,"content":24422,"nodeType":1009},{},[24423],{"data":24424,"marks":24425,"value":20401,"nodeType":864},{},[24426],{"type":899},{"data":24428,"content":24429,"nodeType":860},{},[24430],{"data":24431,"marks":24432,"value":19851,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24434,"content":24435,"nodeType":860},{},[24436,24439,24446],{"data":24437,"marks":24438,"value":19858,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24440,"content":24441,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21662},[24442],{"data":24443,"marks":24444,"value":20422,"nodeType":864},{},[24445],{"type":1455},{"data":24447,"marks":24448,"value":24449,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for a live demo. ",{"entries":24451},{"hyperlink":24452,"inline":24453,"block":24454},[],[],[24455,24463,24470,24478,24483,24490,24497,24505,24511],{"sys":24456,"__typename":1724,"title":24457,"caption":24458,"layoutMode":59,"file":24459},{"id":23880},"Source: 2024 Trends in Identity Security - Identity Defined Security Alliance (IDSA)","Source: 2024 Trends in Identity Security – Identity Defined Security Alliance (IDSA)",{"url":24460,"width":24461,"height":24462},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4wcIXJu4Yhq7lHZuGbX1w0/b097fff859f61a0e853f8a10e2d838aa/image7.png",1730,782,{"sys":24464,"__typename":1724,"title":24465,"caption":24466,"layoutMode":59,"file":24467},{"id":24016},"Evilginx screenshot - email controls blog","Evilginx being used to take over an M365 account",{"url":24468,"width":1736,"height":24469},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4fhOQ0Vohnrd8X0WaJkXDZ/82832b1f912717ca3782d9163daa8781/3.png",1127,{"sys":24471,"__typename":1724,"title":24472,"caption":24473,"layoutMode":59,"file":24474},{"id":24061},"Pyramid of Pain: Original","Original Pyramid of Pain model, created by David Bianco.",{"url":24475,"width":24476,"height":24477},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7dPJT7PYKX71FCCi0GeDzg/16fb3b07959612a45c1b7636da33e541/image3.png",720,405,{"sys":24479,"__typename":1724,"title":24480,"caption":24481,"layoutMode":59,"file":24482},{"id":24159},"Turnstile requiring human interaction","Cloudflare Turnstile requiring human interaction",{"url":19891,"width":19892,"height":19893},{"sys":24484,"__typename":1724,"title":24485,"caption":24485,"layoutMode":59,"file":24486},{"id":21549},"Comparing a legitimate page’s DOM structure with an attacker’s cloned page",{"url":24487,"width":24488,"height":24489},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4HmklQ1H0YIMlNdTkZR8B0/e2e727d9d96867b9d46e35bf097f7a0f/6.png",1875,562,{"sys":24491,"__typename":1724,"title":24492,"caption":24493,"layoutMode":59,"file":24494},{"id":24197},"Comparing a fake and real M365 login page","The left image is a fake login page — looks pretty believable though, right?",{"url":24495,"width":1736,"height":24496},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4piMCOgm2TgWBiKjyjL0Tw/d0a7ab35f9173f639b8454215536938e/7.png",871,{"sys":24498,"__typename":1724,"title":24499,"caption":24500,"layoutMode":59,"file":24501},{"id":24312},"Phishing detection without Push","Phishing detection: Without Push (it's not looking good...)",{"url":24502,"width":24503,"height":24504},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1oBYz6u0WH0gMnd89bkZjU/61bf589f62b898b91e4f8045caf1d4e1/Phishing_detection_without_Push__3_.png",1535,764,{"sys":24506,"__typename":1724,"title":24507,"caption":24508,"layoutMode":59,"file":24509},{"id":24332},"Phishing detection: With Push","Phishing detection: With Push (Pow! Take that attacker)",{"url":24510,"width":24503,"height":24504},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7lxmav3wYkltbFp3N9KeIQ/06080c5b629590fe3551cf5944f011ec/Phishing_detection_with_Push__2_.png",{"sys":24512,"__typename":1724,"title":24513,"caption":24514,"layoutMode":59,"file":24515},{"id":24415},"Updated Pyramid of Pain (IoCs and TTPs)","Applying the Pyramid of Pain to identity-based attacks",{"url":24516,"width":1736,"height":24517},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7kfzRw2EuOtDbaDTIQI7r0/8304e44e0feb903e8db3bbdf12243d76/10.png",1477,{"items":24519},[],{},"Moving beyond email-based phishing prevention",{"url":24523},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5D3plIXabnqgyWWtxOXjHp/985db5f050236a3cfb7051dc873a39e2/1_-_Thumbnail.png","2025-03-20T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":24526},[24527,25112,26301],{"__typename":2059,"sys":24528,"content":24530,"title":25098,"synopsis":25099,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":25100,"slug":25101,"tagsCollection":25102,"authorsCollection":25108},{"id":24529},"11C3shj5SlkS8sAd3AlYDp",{"json":24531},{"data":24532,"content":24533,"nodeType":856},{},[24534,24554,24574,24581,24587,24594,24601,24608,24615,24624,24643,24650,24657,24664,24669,24676,24708,24715,24722,24729,24736,24742,24749,24756,24763,24795,24801,24808,24815,24846,24852,24859,24866,24873,24880,24886,24892,24899,24906,24913,24919,24926,24933,24940,24947,24966,24982,24989,24996,25003,25009,25016,25035,25041,25048,25076,25083,25090],{"data":24535,"content":24536,"nodeType":860},{},[24537,24541,24550],{"data":24538,"marks":24539,"value":24540,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s been well reported that ",{"data":24542,"content":24544,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24543},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/",[24545],{"data":24546,"marks":24547,"value":24549,"nodeType":864},{},[24548],{"type":1455},"identity attacks are on the rise",{"data":24551,"marks":24552,"value":24553,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and constantly evolving phishing tools and techniques are a big part of this. In particular, the increasing prevalence of MFA has led to AitM phishing attacks becoming much more common. The threat intelligence industry naturally wants to locate and shutdown all the phishing servers – but the phishers are fighting back.",{"data":24555,"content":24556,"nodeType":860},{},[24557,24561,24570],{"data":24558,"marks":24559,"value":24560,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we dive into how AitM phishing kits evade detection, you should check out our earlier blog post on ‘",{"data":24562,"content":24564,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24563},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-2-0-how-phishing-toolkits-are-evolving-with-aitm/",[24565],{"data":24566,"marks":24567,"value":24569,"nodeType":864},{},[24568],{"type":1455},"Phishing 2.0 – how phishing toolkits are evolving with AitM",{"data":24571,"marks":24572,"value":24573,"nodeType":864},{},[],"’ if you want to get up to speed with what these toolkits are, and why attackers are using them more regularly. ",{"data":24575,"content":24576,"nodeType":860},{},[24577],{"data":24578,"marks":24579,"value":24580,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this blog post, we’re going to look at a recent instance of the NakedPages AitM phishing toolkit and some of the steps it takes to frustrate detection and analysis. In particular, we’ll look at how malicious activity is obfuscated through the use of legitimate SaaS services. NakedPages uses a range of different techniques and so serves as a good case study as to how AitM toolkits are being designed to evade detection.",{"data":24582,"content":24586,"nodeType":996},{"target":24583},{"sys":24584},{"id":24585,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2Qcn2nNRXVkdqqxGO8lDZf",[],{"data":24588,"content":24589,"nodeType":860},{},[24590],{"data":24591,"marks":24592,"value":24593,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we dive in, it’s useful to keep in mind that while there is a lot of complication here, most of this happens in seconds and is transparent to the intended victim accessing from a real browser.",{"data":24595,"content":24596,"nodeType":1009},{},[24597],{"data":24598,"marks":24599,"value":24600,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 1: Cloudflare Workers for the initial gateway",{"data":24602,"content":24603,"nodeType":860},{},[24604],{"data":24605,"marks":24606,"value":24607,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A key feature of the NakedPages kit is that it has several stages and redirections and, in order for it to operate as intended, the target has to arrive at the beginning. The first step involves visiting a URL that is simply a Cloudflare Worker. Cloudflare Workers are a serverless execution environment, a bit like AWS lambdas.",{"data":24609,"content":24610,"nodeType":860},{},[24611],{"data":24612,"marks":24613,"value":24614,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The benefit to the attacker is that this gives them a highly reputable primary domain as it is one owned and operated by Cloudflare. Flagging recently registered or uncategorized/rare domains for further analysis won’t work for this. For example, the URL used in this instance was the following:",{"data":24616,"content":24617,"nodeType":860},{},[24618],{"data":24619,"marks":24620,"value":24623,"nodeType":864},{},[24621],{"type":24622},"code","hxxps://226028cc.502f135e3e036e726fba22d4.workers.dev",{"data":24625,"content":24626,"nodeType":860},{},[24627,24631,24640],{"data":24628,"marks":24629,"value":24630,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For other examples of Cloudflare Workers being abused for phishing, ",{"data":24632,"content":24634,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24633},"https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/its-raining-phish-and-scams-how-cloudflare-pages-dev-and-workers-dev-domains-get-abused/",[24635],{"data":24636,"marks":24637,"value":24639,"nodeType":864},{},[24638],{"type":1455},"check out this blog post from Trustwave",{"data":24641,"marks":24642,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24644,"content":24645,"nodeType":1009},{},[24646],{"data":24647,"marks":24648,"value":24649,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 2: Cloudflare Turnstile for bot detection",{"data":24651,"content":24652,"nodeType":860},{},[24653],{"data":24654,"marks":24655,"value":24656,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The only purpose of the Cloudflare Worker is to act as a bot gateway to prevent automated analysis getting further than this point. For this it uses Cloudflare Turnstile. Turnstile is a highly effective tool for detecting the difference between bots and human users as a replacement for CAPTCHAs used by websites across the world. ",{"data":24658,"content":24659,"nodeType":860},{},[24660],{"data":24661,"marks":24662,"value":24663,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If it doesn’t work transparently then you’ll probably see something like this:",{"data":24665,"content":24668,"nodeType":996},{"target":24666},{"sys":24667},{"id":24159,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":24670,"content":24671,"nodeType":860},{},[24672],{"data":24673,"marks":24674,"value":24675,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, who else wants to keep out the bots? Well, phishers of course! There are many sandbox environments and other automated platforms out there, visiting every URL they come across in the search for malicious behavior. This stops many of them in their tracks as they never get past the Turnstile check. ",{"data":24677,"content":24678,"nodeType":860},{},[24679,24683,24692,24696,24705],{"data":24680,"marks":24681,"value":24682,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malicious use of Turnstile use has become much more common now. Examples include other criminal kits ",{"data":24684,"content":24686,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24685},"https://blog.sekoia.io/tycoon-2fa-an-in-depth-analysis-of-the-latest-version-of-the-aitm-phishing-kit/",[24687],{"data":24688,"marks":24689,"value":24691,"nodeType":864},{},[24690],{"type":1455},"such as Tycoon",{"data":24693,"marks":24694,"value":24695,"nodeType":864},{},[],", as well as ",{"data":24697,"content":24699,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24698},"https://fin3ss3g0d.net/index.php/2024/04/08/evilgophishs-approach-to-advanced-bot-detection-with-cloudflare-turnstile/",[24700],{"data":24701,"marks":24702,"value":24704,"nodeType":864},{},[24703],{"type":1455},"open-source phishing tools focused on red teaming",{"data":24706,"marks":24707,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24709,"content":24710,"nodeType":1009},{},[24711],{"data":24712,"marks":24713,"value":24714,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 3: Required URL parameters and custom auth headers",{"data":24716,"content":24717,"nodeType":860},{},[24718],{"data":24719,"marks":24720,"value":24721,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you get past Turnstile, then you’ll finally be redirected to a more conventionally suspicious domain. However, you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, or that request might behave differently. ",{"data":24723,"content":24724,"nodeType":860},{},[24725],{"data":24726,"marks":24727,"value":24728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Suspicious domains can be found and interrogated through other means, such as observing new domain registrations or certificate transparency logs. In this case, the phishers add other steps involving required URL parameters and custom headers. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":24730,"content":24731,"nodeType":860},{},[24732],{"data":24733,"marks":24734,"value":24735,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The following code snippet shows how this operates. Bonus points for spotting how they actually forgot to implement their own RSA encryption function and instead send their “encrypted” user agents in clear text:",{"data":24737,"content":24741,"nodeType":996},{"target":24738},{"sys":24739},{"id":24740,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"45aif31bot9phquQPkz20p",[],{"data":24743,"content":24744,"nodeType":1009},{},[24745],{"data":24746,"marks":24747,"value":24748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 4: Requiring JavaScript execution",{"data":24750,"content":24751,"nodeType":860},{},[24752],{"data":24753,"marks":24754,"value":24755,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another aspect of the previous step is that it requires JavaScript to execute. That means defensive techniques that simply make HTTP(S) requests and scrape content will not automatically be able to follow the link without allowing JavaScript execution. This forces the use of dynamic sandbox techniques that actually load a DOM, as it’s almost impossible for static analysis to generically solve this problem.",{"data":24757,"content":24758,"nodeType":1009},{},[24759],{"data":24760,"marks":24761,"value":24762,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 5: Redirecting to legitimate domains",{"data":24764,"content":24765,"nodeType":860},{},[24766,24770,24778,24782,24791],{"data":24767,"marks":24768,"value":24769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers will also redirect to legitimate domains to mask their activity. Let’s say a defender has visited the attacker’s malicious domain without executing JavaScript or supplying the correct URL parameters. The attacker doesn’t want to activate their malicious phishing behavior at this point, so they need to do something benign instead. In this case, they simply redirect to ",{"data":24771,"content":24773,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24772},"https://example.com",[24774],{"data":24775,"marks":24776,"value":24772,"nodeType":864},{},[24777],{"type":1455},{"data":24779,"marks":24780,"value":24781,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Interestingly, ",{"data":24783,"content":24785,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24784},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W-LxcbUxI4&t=643s",[24786],{"data":24787,"marks":24788,"value":24790,"nodeType":864},{},[24789],{"type":1455},"EvilProxy has also been seen redirecting to example.com too",{"data":24792,"marks":24793,"value":24794,"nodeType":864},{},[],":",{"data":24796,"content":24800,"nodeType":996},{"target":24797},{"sys":24798},{"id":24799,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"450Y7W1uXVkKSps5y0xhBe",[],{"data":24802,"content":24803,"nodeType":1009},{},[24804],{"data":24805,"marks":24806,"value":24807,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 6: HTTP referer header masking",{"data":24809,"content":24810,"nodeType":860},{},[24811],{"data":24812,"marks":24813,"value":24814,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Maintainers of legitimate websites often look at the HTTP referer header to see where they are being linked from. This is often a critical task for businesses, particularly for things like marketing. However, what if employees spot strange redirects coming in from suspicious looking domains like the ones used by this phishing kit? Perhaps they might investigate those domains and/or tip off relevant security vendors and organizations. ",{"data":24816,"content":24817,"nodeType":860},{},[24818,24822,24830,24834,24842],{"data":24819,"marks":24820,"value":24821,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unless, of course, you were to use a service to mask the HTTP referrer – which is exactly what the phishing kit does in this case. NakedPages makes use of ",{"data":24823,"content":24825,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24824},"https://href.li/",[24826],{"data":24827,"marks":24828,"value":24824,"nodeType":864},{},[24829],{"type":1455},{"data":24831,"marks":24832,"value":24833,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as a service to strip the referral to ensure the redirection is performed anonymously. Rather conveniently, it seems the default example that ",{"data":24835,"content":24837,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24836},"https://href.li",[24838],{"data":24839,"marks":24840,"value":24836,"nodeType":864},{},[24841],{"type":1455},{"data":24843,"marks":24844,"value":24845,"nodeType":864},{},[]," uses is… example.com:",{"data":24847,"content":24851,"nodeType":996},{"target":24848},{"sys":24849},{"id":24850,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"78xFQwTG1r0YWGJ24iEdYP",[],{"data":24853,"content":24854,"nodeType":1009},{},[24855],{"data":24856,"marks":24857,"value":24858,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 7: Loading balanced domains",{"data":24860,"content":24861,"nodeType":860},{},[24862],{"data":24863,"marks":24864,"value":24865,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You’re probably thinking: Step 7? Surely, if a victim’s browser has finally made it this far then the attackers would just serve up the malicious phishing content at this point, right? Well, we aren’t quite done yet. These initial gateway servers are one of the most important components to keep undetected, as existing phishing campaigns and (as yet unread) emails will be leading to them.",{"data":24867,"content":24868,"nodeType":860},{},[24869],{"data":24870,"marks":24871,"value":24872,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once we get to the more obviously malicious phishing activity, there is a higher chance of detection and user reports. In this case the phishing kit actually retrieves a new URL to redirect to, along with a suitable JWT authentication parameter. The benefit of this is that when URLs/hostnames get flagged as malicious, blocked or otherwise taken down, the phishing kit can just redirect to other hostnames, and the attacker’s can keep updating with new URLs over time. ",{"data":24874,"content":24875,"nodeType":860},{},[24876],{"data":24877,"marks":24878,"value":24879,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Below we can see an example of the response containing a URL, with a JWT auth parameter:",{"data":24881,"content":24885,"nodeType":996},{"target":24882},{"sys":24883},{"id":24884,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4NpH7V5oEdTASNNJsqCJ47",[],{"data":24887,"content":24891,"nodeType":996},{"target":24888},{"sys":24889},{"id":24890,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7oqkrhNXtyOlJMEz0BZyLo",[],{"data":24893,"content":24894,"nodeType":860},{},[24895],{"data":24896,"marks":24897,"value":24898,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automating this request in this example brings back around 20 different primary domains used for the final phishing attack. These domains are rotated over time as some are blocked and new ones are created.",{"data":24900,"content":24901,"nodeType":1009},{},[24902],{"data":24903,"marks":24904,"value":24905,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 8: Breaking login page signatures",{"data":24907,"content":24908,"nodeType":860},{},[24909],{"data":24910,"marks":24911,"value":24912,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If all the previous checks have passed then a victim user is finally presented with a phishing page. The attacker has most closely emulated the sign-on page for live.com for Outlook in this case, though it also has some aspects from a business Microsoft login too, as we can see in the examples below:",{"data":24914,"content":24918,"nodeType":996},{"target":24915},{"sys":24916},{"id":24917,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2Ez0fgAlmkrisdQGWfL6CV",[],{"data":24920,"content":24921,"nodeType":860},{},[24922],{"data":24923,"marks":24924,"value":24925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, one obvious change can be seen in the HTML title in the tab header. This normally says something like “Sign in to Outlook” or “Sign in to your account”. In this case, the phishing kit has randomized the HTML title. \n\nOne super easy way to detect websites pretending to be common login pages that have 1:1 cloned the website or are performing full reverse proxy AiTM techniques would be to search for obvious HTML content like this. Not many legitimate websites should have an HTML title of “Sign in to Outlook” other than Microsoft’s own legitimate domains for it, right?",{"data":24927,"content":24928,"nodeType":860},{},[24929],{"data":24930,"marks":24931,"value":24932,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Taking a closer look, we’ll see that the HTML, DOM and JavaScript etc. differ quite significantly from the true login pages, even if the visual appearance is very similar. One reason for this is to make it harder for defenders to simply signature on specific aspects of commonly spoofed login pages.",{"data":24934,"content":24935,"nodeType":1009},{},[24936],{"data":24937,"marks":24938,"value":24939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 9: B2B targeting",{"data":24941,"content":24942,"nodeType":860},{},[24943],{"data":24944,"marks":24945,"value":24946,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The final interesting aspect of this particular example is that it modifies its behavior during the login process depending on whether a personal Microsoft account or an organization account is used.",{"data":24948,"content":24949,"nodeType":860},{},[24950,24954,24962],{"data":24951,"marks":24952,"value":24953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When entering an email address associated with a personal Microsoft account, or picking ‘personal account’ when prompted after entering an email address that is used for both purposes, the server will return a 302 redirect and send the user to ",{"data":24955,"content":24957,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24956},"https://login.live.com/",[24958],{"data":24959,"marks":24960,"value":24956,"nodeType":864},{},[24961],{"type":1455},{"data":24963,"marks":24964,"value":24965,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where they can then re-enter their credentials and login to Microsoft legitimately if they continue. This reduces the potential for detection further as no AitM phishing login will actually occur.",{"data":24967,"content":24968,"nodeType":860},{},[24969,24973,24978],{"data":24970,"marks":24971,"value":24972,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the other hand, when using an organization account the phishing process continues as expected. ",{"data":24974,"marks":24975,"value":24977,"nodeType":864},{},[24976],{"type":899},"This phishing campaign is exclusively targeting corp accounts",{"data":24979,"marks":24980,"value":24981,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and you could almost say it has a B2B (or is that A2B?) rather than B2C business model.  ",{"data":24983,"content":24984,"nodeType":1009},{},[24985],{"data":24986,"marks":24987,"value":24988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Conclusion",{"data":24990,"content":24991,"nodeType":860},{},[24992],{"data":24993,"marks":24994,"value":24995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As you may have guessed from the extremely suspicious domains in use and examples of sloppy coding (like forgetting to implement an encryption function) the NakedPages kit is far from sophisticated. Despite this, the tricks that attackers are using to make detection and analysis more difficult seem to be quite effective when used in a layered model. ",{"data":24997,"content":24998,"nodeType":860},{},[24999],{"data":25000,"marks":25001,"value":25002,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, at the time of writing this particular Worker had been up for at least two days and was currently only triggering 1 detection on VirusTotal. ",{"data":25004,"content":25008,"nodeType":996},{"target":25005},{"sys":25006},{"id":25007,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1mIOpDtmgcMasK6dEhRHsm",[],{"data":25010,"content":25011,"nodeType":860},{},[25012],{"data":25013,"marks":25014,"value":25015,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One key takeaway is that it’s near impossible to stay on top of all the phishing servers on the internet. Even the untargeted mass campaigns will initially be missed by TI feeds, let alone the targeted ones. ",{"data":25017,"content":25018,"nodeType":860},{},[25019,25023,25031],{"data":25020,"marks":25021,"value":25022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The best foot forward for resilience against these attacks is through the use of domain-bound MFA methods like WebAuthn. Common MFA methods like OTPs, SMS, push notifications etc. are routinely bypassed using ",{"data":25024,"content":25025,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24563},[25026],{"data":25027,"marks":25028,"value":25030,"nodeType":864},{},[25029],{"type":1455},"AitM techniques that proxy the MFA authentication as well",{"data":25032,"marks":25033,"value":25034,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Even if you are one of the few who use phishing-resistant MFA methods like WebAuthn or other passkeys, the devil is in the detail and we’ve seen MFA downgrade attacks being used to bypass them by choosing a phishable method that’s also active.",{"data":25036,"content":25040,"nodeType":996},{"target":25037},{"sys":25038},{"id":25039,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"17lSgRFD6fDzRUn9eOHJg6",[],{"data":25042,"content":25043,"nodeType":1009},{},[25044],{"data":25045,"marks":25046,"value":25047,"nodeType":864},{},[],"P.S. How did we detect this?",{"data":25049,"content":25050,"nodeType":860},{},[25051,25055,25060,25064,25073],{"data":25052,"marks":25053,"value":25054,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After all that, you might be wondering how we managed to automate a process to generically pass through all these detection evasion techniques – ",{"data":25056,"marks":25057,"value":25059,"nodeType":864},{},[25058],{"type":899},"well the short answer is: We didn’t.",{"data":25061,"marks":25062,"value":25063,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Instead, we detected the act of an employee ",{"data":25065,"content":25067,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25066},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-sso-password-protection/",[25068],{"data":25069,"marks":25070,"value":25072,"nodeType":864},{},[25071],{"type":1455},"attempting to put their Microsoft password into a website that wasn’t Microsoft",{"data":25074,"marks":25075,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":25077,"content":25078,"nodeType":860},{},[25079],{"data":25080,"marks":25081,"value":25082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The TTP for phishing is effectively “trick someone into putting their valid credentials into the wrong site” – so detecting that behavior directly (the action of entering a legit password into the wrong site) can be a lot simpler and more effective than playing the cat-and-mouse detection → detection-evasion game.",{"data":25084,"content":25085,"nodeType":860},{},[25086],{"data":25087,"marks":25088,"value":25089,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Having said that, if you’re interested, here are the domain IOCs for this campaign:",{"data":25091,"content":25092,"nodeType":860},{},[25093],{"data":25094,"marks":25095,"value":25097,"nodeType":864},{},[25096],{"type":24622},"226028cc[.]502f135e3e036e726fba22d4[.]workers[.]dev\nacevoorgukmembership[.]buzz\nalerteditorroyalsocietyorgnz[.]buzz\nandymarshallsgeniuslocidigestghostiomghostio[.]buzz\nblogresponseinsperitycom[.]buzz\ncampaigneventbritecomnoreply[.]buzz\ncharityexcellencer1technologytrustnewsorg[.]buzz\nclerkenwelldesignweekcomnoreply[.]buzz\nconfirminfothetrainlinecomauto[.]buzz\nhealthestatejournalcomnoreply[.]buzz\nmentalhealthdesignandbuildcomnoreply[.]buzz\nnoreplynotificationswhoopcom[.]buzz\nstepexhibitionscomeventsupport[.]buzz\ntheathletice1theathleticcom[.]buzz\nthekakahoonssubstackcom[.]buzz","How AitM phishing kits evade detection","Taking a closer look at the steps that AitM phishing kits take to hide from the prying eyes of security teams and threat intelligence vendors.","2024-07-23T00:00:00.000Z","how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection",{"items":25103},[25104,25106],{"sys":25105,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":25107,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"items":25109},[25110],{"fullName":20440,"firstName":20441,"jobTitle":20442,"profilePicture":25111},{"url":20444},{"__typename":2059,"sys":25113,"content":25115,"title":26287,"synopsis":26288,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":26289,"slug":26290,"tagsCollection":26291,"authorsCollection":26297},{"id":25114},"5KqYY7p174lSpuinfTfEZU",{"json":25116},{"data":25117,"content":25118,"nodeType":856},{},[25119,25126,25181,25188,25191,25198,25205,25238,25250,25253,25260,25271,25278,25298,25304,25324,25331,25342,25362,25382,25389,25408,25414,25434,25437,25444,25451,25458,25477,25496,25503,25522,25529,25536,25561,25568,25587,25608,25614,25621,25640,25643,25650,25667,25686,25693,25746,25753,25756,25763,25770,25789,25809,25816,25823,25830,25850,25857,25864,25870,25876,25879,25886,25893,25900,25920,25930,25949,25956,25963,25973,25980,25987,26007,26013,26016,26023,26030,26037,26108,26115,26122,26129,26137,26158,26165,26171,26182,26203,26210,26218,26239,26246,26253,26259,26262,26269],{"data":25120,"content":25121,"nodeType":860},{},[25122],{"data":25123,"marks":25124,"value":25125,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From massive breaches like the Snowflake incident to novel phishing techniques documented by Push researchers, 2024 was the year that identity attacks left their mark. Looking back over what we saw in the wild and what we found through Push’s own research, three key themes stand out:",{"data":25127,"content":25128,"nodeType":941},{},[25129,25148,25158],{"data":25130,"content":25131,"nodeType":945},{},[25132],{"data":25133,"content":25134,"nodeType":860},{},[25135,25139,25144],{"data":25136,"marks":25137,"value":25138,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Account takeover techniques on cloud apps are fundamentally different from traditional network-based attacks. To have the best chance of preventing account takeover, defenders need to  disrupt attacks ",{"data":25140,"marks":25141,"value":25143,"nodeType":864},{},[25142],{"type":2246},"before",{"data":25145,"marks":25146,"value":25147,"nodeType":864},{},[]," they’re successful.",{"data":25149,"content":25150,"nodeType":945},{},[25151],{"data":25152,"content":25153,"nodeType":860},{},[25154],{"data":25155,"marks":25156,"value":25157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not easy or practical to maintain 100 percent compliance on identity posture standards in a world where employees are using and signing up to apps outside of IT oversight — but it is possible to make this work a lot easier by using tools that help you scale your remediation activities.",{"data":25159,"content":25160,"nodeType":945},{},[25161],{"data":25162,"content":25163,"nodeType":860},{},[25164,25168,25177],{"data":25165,"marks":25166,"value":25167,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Despite another year where cybersecurity spend increased (now up to almost $1,100 per user, according to ",{"data":25169,"content":25171,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25170},"https://www.forrester.com/report/2024-cybersecurity-benchmarks-global/RES181118",[25172],{"data":25173,"marks":25174,"value":25176,"nodeType":864},{},[25175],{"type":1455},"Forrester",{"data":25178,"marks":25179,"value":25180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"), existing approaches are not successfully preventing account takeovers. Security teams need to be able to detect and respond to these attacks where they happen: The browser.",{"data":25182,"content":25183,"nodeType":860},{},[25184],{"data":25185,"marks":25186,"value":25187,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’ll take a look back at how these themes influenced key features we delivered for Push customers in 2024.",{"data":25189,"content":25190,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":25192,"content":25193,"nodeType":1009},{},[25194],{"data":25195,"marks":25196,"value":25197,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Defending against modern phishing attacks",{"data":25199,"content":25200,"nodeType":860},{},[25201],{"data":25202,"marks":25203,"value":25204,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing techniques that bypass MFA are now the norm, and few organizations have successfully achieved full coverage of phishing-resistant MFA methods. ",{"data":25206,"content":25207,"nodeType":860},{},[25208,25212,25221,25225,25234],{"data":25209,"marks":25210,"value":25211,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Equally, while phishing attacks via email remain the most commonly reported vector, phishing attacks increasingly target users outside of email. For example, phishing links are often encountered through normal internet use — such as ",{"data":25213,"content":25215,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25214},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-use-google-search-ads-to-steal-google-ads-accounts/",[25216],{"data":25217,"marks":25218,"value":25220,"nodeType":864},{},[25219],{"type":1455},"in malicious Google ads",{"data":25222,"marks":25223,"value":25224,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — and attackers frequently conduct their campaigns over IM platforms like Slack and Teams. Late last year there was ",{"data":25226,"content":25228,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25227},"https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kevin-beaumont-security_ive-been-assisting-a-few-orgs-hit-with-successful-activity-7268055739116445701-xxjZ?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop",[25229],{"data":25230,"marks":25231,"value":25233,"nodeType":864},{},[25232],{"type":1455},"a rise in attackers inundating users with spam via Teams",{"data":25235,"marks":25236,"value":25237,"nodeType":864},{},[],", combined with phone scams posing as IT admins. Since anti-phishing controls are usually email-based, they fail to protect users from attacks taking place elsewhere. ",{"data":25239,"content":25240,"nodeType":860},{},[25241,25245],{"data":25242,"marks":25243,"value":25244,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At Push, we’ve built a suite of anti-phishing features over the last year that act as a defense-in-depth approach to the types of modern phishing techniques we’ve been observing in the wild. ",{"data":25246,"marks":25247,"value":25249,"nodeType":864},{},[25248],{"type":899},"Here’s what we built and why.",{"data":25251,"content":25252,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":25254,"content":25255,"nodeType":1009},{},[25256],{"data":25257,"marks":25258,"value":25259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Protecting passwords used for SSO",{"data":25261,"content":25262,"nodeType":1312},{},[25263,25268],{"data":25264,"marks":25265,"value":25267,"nodeType":864},{},[25266],{"type":899},"What happened?",{"data":25269,"marks":25270,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":25272,"content":25273,"nodeType":860},{},[25274],{"data":25275,"marks":25276,"value":25277,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers explicitly targeted Okta, Entra, and Google Workspace accounts in 2023 and 2024, so we knew a top priority would be protecting identity provider accounts. These IdP accounts are a key target because they allow attackers to move laterally to other valuable apps and data via SSO following the initial account takeover.",{"data":25279,"content":25280,"nodeType":860},{},[25281,25285,25294],{"data":25282,"marks":25283,"value":25284,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not just the typical IdPs you need to watch out for, either: Apps like GitHub, Slack, Salesforce, Facebook, X, and others all provide SSO functionality, increasing the blast radius of a compromise. And as we reported in ",{"data":25286,"content":25288,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25287},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/cross-idp-impersonation/",[25289],{"data":25290,"marks":25291,"value":25293,"nodeType":864},{},[25292],{"type":1455},"our research on cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":25295,"marks":25296,"value":25297,"nodeType":864},{},[],", apps can be accessed using multiple SSO methods simultaneously — and 3 in 5 apps that we tested recently did not require re-verification by default when adding a new login method.",{"data":25299,"content":25303,"nodeType":996},{"target":25300},{"sys":25301},{"id":25302,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3EOOr4dVQoiPjl2ucUs1mA",[],{"data":25305,"content":25306,"nodeType":860},{},[25307,25311,25320],{"data":25308,"marks":25309,"value":25310,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing is a problem that would be significantly reduced in a world without passwords. But while the ideal case is that organizations can put in place phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys or other WebAuthn-based methods, the reality is that ",{"data":25312,"content":25314,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25313},"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/passkeys-not-perfect-getting-better",[25315],{"data":25316,"marks":25317,"value":25319,"nodeType":864},{},[25318],{"type":1455},"it’s not a perfect solution right now",{"data":25321,"marks":25322,"value":25323,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — widespread passkey implementation is hard to achieve.",{"data":25325,"content":25326,"nodeType":860},{},[25327],{"data":25328,"marks":25329,"value":25330,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the key advantages of passkeys is that they are domain-bound: Meaning they can’t be used on a site with the wrong domain. So, we started thinking: What if it were possible to essentially domain-bind a password? ",{"data":25332,"content":25333,"nodeType":1312},{},[25334,25339],{"data":25335,"marks":25336,"value":25338,"nodeType":864},{},[25337],{"type":899},"What we built",{"data":25340,"marks":25341,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":25343,"content":25344,"nodeType":860},{},[25345,25349,25358],{"data":25346,"marks":25347,"value":25348,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the first half of 2024, we delivered our ",{"data":25350,"content":25351,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25066},[25352],{"data":25353,"marks":25354,"value":25357,"nodeType":864},{},[25355,25356],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"SSO password protection",{"data":25359,"marks":25360,"value":25361,"nodeType":864},{},[]," feature, which allows Push administrators to block employees from entering their IdP password into any site that’s not the identity provider — in effect domain-binding SSO credentials. ",{"data":25363,"content":25364,"nodeType":860},{},[25365,25369,25378],{"data":25366,"marks":25367,"value":25368,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push accomplishes this via the Push browser agent, which ",{"data":25370,"content":25372,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25371},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10109/#how-does-sso-password-protection-work",[25373],{"data":25374,"marks":25375,"value":25377,"nodeType":864},{},[25376],{"type":1455},"observes and fingerprints",{"data":25379,"marks":25380,"value":25381,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the user’s SSO password and legitimate SSO login pages, and then enforces in-browser controls to prevent an SSO password from being submitted on any URL that doesn’t match the legitimate provider, an extremely strong anti-phishing protection. Separately, Push also verifies that passwords it observes are not easily guessable.",{"data":25383,"content":25384,"nodeType":860},{},[25385],{"data":25386,"marks":25387,"value":25388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The idea behind this approach is to gain some similar benefits to passkeys — by ensuring that passwords used for SSO access to your apps cannot be phished and are unique and strong — but in a way that “just works” with existing password-based authentication. ",{"data":25390,"content":25391,"nodeType":860},{},[25392,25396,25404],{"data":25393,"marks":25394,"value":25395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations that monitor for SSO password reuse will find that the practice turns out to be incredibly widespread, so being able to detect and prevent password reuse — even outside of actual phishing attempts — is an asset to security teams. (Our ",{"data":25397,"content":25398,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5521},[25399],{"data":25400,"marks":25401,"value":25403,"nodeType":864},{},[25402],{"type":1455},"research shows",{"data":25405,"marks":25406,"value":25407,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that 10% of IdP accounts are using a password that is shared with another app — where it is much more likely to be compromised.) ",{"data":25409,"content":25413,"nodeType":996},{"target":25410},{"sys":25411},{"id":25412,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Ce999wf4mqCZwu1jLofsx",[],{"data":25415,"content":25416,"nodeType":860},{},[25417,25421,25430],{"data":25418,"marks":25419,"value":25420,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By streaming events to your SIEM and setting up a simple automation, you can also use Push-supplied intelligence on SSO password reuse to ",{"data":25422,"content":25424,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25423},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/automating-sso-password-resets-using-push/",[25425],{"data":25426,"marks":25427,"value":25429,"nodeType":864},{},[25428],{"type":1455},"automatically reset",{"data":25431,"marks":25432,"value":25433,"nodeType":864},{},[]," potentially compromised passwords — this provides instant response to successful phishing and gets rid of password re-use of your most sensitive credentials in one move - the kind of combo we love!",{"data":25435,"content":25436,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":25438,"content":25439,"nodeType":1009},{},[25440],{"data":25441,"marks":25442,"value":25443,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking AitM phishing and cloned login pages",{"data":25445,"content":25446,"nodeType":1312},{},[25447],{"data":25448,"marks":25449,"value":25267,"nodeType":864},{},[25450],{"type":899},{"data":25452,"content":25453,"nodeType":860},{},[25454],{"data":25455,"marks":25456,"value":25457,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When you’re able to detect SSO passwords being used in all the wrong places, it’s not surprising that one of the main offenders is phishing attacks. ",{"data":25459,"content":25460,"nodeType":860},{},[25461,25465,25473],{"data":25462,"marks":25463,"value":25464,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In 2024, we wrote extensively about the rise in ",{"data":25466,"content":25467,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24563},[25468],{"data":25469,"marks":25470,"value":25472,"nodeType":864},{},[25471],{"type":1455},"modern phishing attacks",{"data":25474,"marks":25475,"value":25476,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that use adversary-in-the middle toolkits (AiTM), including EvilNoVNC, Evilginx, and others.",{"data":25478,"content":25479,"nodeType":860},{},[25480,25484,25493],{"data":25481,"marks":25482,"value":25483,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing is a newer variant of phishing that allows attackers to bypass MFA protection by using tools that act as a proxy between the end-user and a legitimate login portal. AitM attacks increased 146% in 2023 (",{"data":25485,"content":25487,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25486},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft%20Digital%20Defense%20Report%202024%20%281%29.pdf",[25488],{"data":25489,"marks":25490,"value":25492,"nodeType":864},{},[25491],{"type":1455},"Microsoft",{"data":25494,"marks":25495,"value":20593,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":25497,"content":25498,"nodeType":860},{},[25499],{"data":25500,"marks":25501,"value":25502,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This trend in tradecraft was reflected in our own customer base last year, but what’s interesting is that we observed a lot of phish kits and tactics that were new — meaning traditional detections failed to find them before Push did. ",{"data":25504,"content":25505,"nodeType":860},{},[25506,25510,25518],{"data":25507,"marks":25508,"value":25509,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In particular, we saw newer ",{"data":25511,"content":25512,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[25513],{"data":25514,"marks":25515,"value":25517,"nodeType":864},{},[25516],{"type":1455},"web-based obfuscation techniques",{"data":25519,"marks":25520,"value":25521,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that allowed attackers to get past the features of email security tools like web gateways and email scanning appliances, such as bypassing web sandbox analysis, and deter other forms of automated investigation by using Cloudflare Turnstile and other tactics — similar to the approaches legit websites use to protect against automated bots (this is essentially the same problem for both).",{"data":25523,"content":25524,"nodeType":860},{},[25525],{"data":25526,"marks":25527,"value":25528,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gap in existing controls was obvious: When all phishing routes eventually lead to the browser, security teams need to be able to detect and respond in the browser. To do this well they need to observe what the employee sees, not what loads in a sandbox.",{"data":25530,"content":25531,"nodeType":1312},{},[25532],{"data":25533,"marks":25534,"value":25338,"nodeType":864},{},[25535],{"type":899},{"data":25537,"content":25538,"nodeType":860},{},[25539,25543,25553,25558],{"data":25540,"marks":25541,"value":25542,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To address this gap, we released new capabilities for the Push browser agent to be able to ",{"data":25544,"content":25546,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25545},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-aitm-phishing-toolkit-detection-powered-by-the-push-browser/",[25547],{"data":25548,"marks":25549,"value":25552,"nodeType":864},{},[25550,25551],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"detect and block",{"data":25554,"marks":25555,"value":25557,"nodeType":864},{},[25556],{"type":899}," when a site is running AiTM phishing toolkits",{"data":25559,"marks":25560,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":25562,"content":25563,"nodeType":860},{},[25564],{"data":25565,"marks":25566,"value":25567,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does this via a set of readymade detections for common AiTM tools. By dynamically analyzing the behavior of malware in the browser, the Push browser agent can find indicators of compromise beyond just domains, file names, IP addresses, etc., focusing instead on behavioral attributes, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",{"data":25569,"content":25570,"nodeType":860},{},[25571,25575,25583],{"data":25572,"marks":25573,"value":25574,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This approach of focusing on the top of the ",{"data":25576,"content":25578,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25577},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters/#id-building-effective-identity-threat-detection-controls_id-scenario-detecting-a-web-based-phishing-attack",[25579],{"data":25580,"marks":25581,"value":15934,"nodeType":864},{},[25582],{"type":1455},{"data":25584,"marks":25585,"value":25586,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — e.g. building detections for attributes of an attack that are the hardest for attackers to change, and therefore the most reliably accurate — is core to Push’s design philosophy. ",{"data":25588,"content":25589,"nodeType":860},{},[25590,25594,25604],{"data":25591,"marks":25592,"value":25593,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, toward the second half of the year, we released ",{"data":25595,"content":25597,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25596},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-cloned-login-page-detection/",[25598],{"data":25599,"marks":25600,"value":25603,"nodeType":864},{},[25601,25602],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"cloned login page detection",{"data":25605,"marks":25606,"value":25607,"nodeType":864},{},[],", a natural extension of our layered approach to preventing phishing attacks in the browser. With this security control, you can identify malicious webpages that are masquerading as legitimate IdP login portals. ",{"data":25609,"content":25613,"nodeType":996},{"target":25610},{"sys":25611},{"id":25612,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4y25OxesssUk9lzEx12HFa",[],{"data":25615,"content":25616,"nodeType":860},{},[25617],{"data":25618,"marks":25619,"value":25620,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a cloned login page is detected, you can add the URL to your blocklist in Push and prevent any other employees from being targeted. ",{"data":25622,"content":25623,"nodeType":860},{},[25624,25628,25636],{"data":25625,"marks":25626,"value":25627,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By layering multiple anti-phishing controls that all prevent account takeover, defenders have the best chance at thwarting the ",{"data":25629,"content":25630,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21136},[25631],{"data":25632,"marks":25633,"value":25635,"nodeType":864},{},[25634],{"type":1455},"short, fast attack chains",{"data":25637,"marks":25638,"value":25639,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that are emblematic of today’s identity attacks.",{"data":25641,"content":25642,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":25644,"content":25645,"nodeType":1009},{},[25646],{"data":25647,"marks":25648,"value":25649,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Defending against stolen sessions and stolen credentials",{"data":25651,"content":25652,"nodeType":860},{},[25653,25657,25664],{"data":25654,"marks":25655,"value":25656,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With as little as $10 to buy a stolen password and a little skill, attackers capitalized on the use of stolen credentials last year. Stolen creds were the No. 1 attacker action in 2023 and 2024, according to ",{"data":25658,"content":25659,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4408},[25660],{"data":25661,"marks":25662,"value":23859,"nodeType":864},{},[25663],{"type":1455},{"data":25665,"marks":25666,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":25668,"content":25669,"nodeType":860},{},[25670,25674,25682],{"data":25671,"marks":25672,"value":25673,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Nowhere was this more plain than in the ",{"data":25675,"content":25676,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[25677],{"data":25678,"marks":25679,"value":25681,"nodeType":864},{},[25680],{"type":1455},"attacks on Snowflake customers",{"data":25683,"marks":25684,"value":25685,"nodeType":864},{},[],", one of the biggest breaches of last year. In this incident, cyber criminals targeted around 165 customers of the cloud-based data warehouse tool Snowflake by taking over accounts using credentials harvested from infostealer infections dating as far back as 2020.",{"data":25687,"content":25688,"nodeType":860},{},[25689],{"data":25690,"marks":25691,"value":25692,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Snowflake incident underscored the challenges of control and visibility that security teams face when attempting to secure identities on a patchwork of managed and unmanaged apps:",{"data":25694,"content":25695,"nodeType":941},{},[25696,25706,25716,25726,25736],{"data":25697,"content":25698,"nodeType":945},{},[25699],{"data":25700,"content":25701,"nodeType":860},{},[25702],{"data":25703,"marks":25704,"value":25705,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do I know all the workforce accounts my employees use?",{"data":25707,"content":25708,"nodeType":945},{},[25709],{"data":25710,"content":25711,"nodeType":860},{},[25712],{"data":25713,"marks":25714,"value":25715,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do those accounts have a strong security posture?",{"data":25717,"content":25718,"nodeType":945},{},[25719],{"data":25720,"content":25721,"nodeType":860},{},[25722],{"data":25723,"marks":25724,"value":25725,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do those accounts use MFA? The most phishing-resistant methods?",{"data":25727,"content":25728,"nodeType":945},{},[25729],{"data":25730,"content":25731,"nodeType":860},{},[25732],{"data":25733,"marks":25734,"value":25735,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do I have tools to detect, respond, and remediate after an account takeover or breach of a critical software vendor?",{"data":25737,"content":25738,"nodeType":945},{},[25739],{"data":25740,"content":25741,"nodeType":860},{},[25742],{"data":25743,"marks":25744,"value":25745,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do I know when a session has been stolen, pointing to a device compromised by infostealer malware?",{"data":25747,"content":25748,"nodeType":860},{},[25749],{"data":25750,"marks":25751,"value":25752,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s what we delivered last year to make it easier for security teams to protect their organizations from the threat of stolen sessions and stolen creds.",{"data":25754,"content":25755,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":25757,"content":25758,"nodeType":1009},{},[25759],{"data":25760,"marks":25761,"value":25762,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting stolen sessions",{"data":25764,"content":25765,"nodeType":1312},{},[25766],{"data":25767,"marks":25768,"value":25267,"nodeType":864},{},[25769],{"type":899},{"data":25771,"content":25772,"nodeType":860},{},[25773,25776,25785],{"data":25774,"marks":25775,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":25777,"content":25779,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25778},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/",[25780],{"data":25781,"marks":25782,"value":25784,"nodeType":864},{},[25783],{"type":1455},"Infostealer malware",{"data":25786,"marks":25787,"value":25788,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a type of malware designed to collect user credentials, including session cookies, from end-user devices — had a very successful 2024, accounting for nearly 10 percent of activity that Red Canary was able to associate with named threats, and the majority of all detected malware that Sophos threat researchers documented last year.",{"data":25790,"content":25791,"nodeType":860},{},[25792,25796,25805],{"data":25793,"marks":25794,"value":25795,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the use of stolen credentials is rampant, often facilitated by successful infostealer campaigns, a related attack type also ",{"data":25797,"content":25799,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25798},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/#id-the-state-of-infostealers-today",[25800],{"data":25801,"marks":25802,"value":25804,"nodeType":864},{},[25803],{"type":1455},"jumped in prevalence",{"data":25806,"marks":25807,"value":25808,"nodeType":864},{},[]," last year: session token theft attacks.",{"data":25810,"content":25811,"nodeType":860},{},[25812],{"data":25813,"marks":25814,"value":25815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using stolen tokens, adversaries don’t need to bypass MFA directly. They can simply import the tokens into their browser and assume an already authorized session. ",{"data":25817,"content":25818,"nodeType":1312},{},[25819],{"data":25820,"marks":25821,"value":25338,"nodeType":864},{},[25822],{"type":899},{"data":25824,"content":25825,"nodeType":860},{},[25826],{"data":25827,"marks":25828,"value":25829,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In order to detect a stolen session in use, you need telemetry that allows you to tie activity to a trusted endpoint. This didn’t previously exist, and you have to be in the browser to do it. So that’s what we built. ",{"data":25831,"content":25832,"nodeType":860},{},[25833,25836,25846],{"data":25834,"marks":25835,"value":1238,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":25837,"content":25839,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25838},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-session-token-theft-detection-why-browser-is-best/",[25840],{"data":25841,"marks":25842,"value":25845,"nodeType":864},{},[25843,25844],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"session theft detection",{"data":25847,"marks":25848,"value":25849,"nodeType":864},{},[]," capability uses the power of the Push browser extension to inject a unique marker into the user-agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. ",{"data":25851,"content":25852,"nodeType":860},{},[25853],{"data":25854,"marks":25855,"value":25856,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By analyzing logs from your IdP in your SIEM, you can then identify activity from the same session that both has and that lacks the Push marker, indicating that a session has been extracted from the browser and maliciously imported into a different browser that is not enrolled in Push.",{"data":25858,"content":25859,"nodeType":860},{},[25860],{"data":25861,"marks":25862,"value":25863,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a reliable signal that a stolen session token is being used and an endpoint has been compromised.",{"data":25865,"content":25869,"nodeType":996},{"target":25866},{"sys":25867},{"id":25868,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1XNNkaoW64t3PPvC54KGXF",[],{"data":25871,"content":25875,"nodeType":996},{"target":25872},{"sys":25873},{"id":25874,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6dOEnPzZXd9DqeSdalqlzO",[],{"data":25877,"content":25878,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":25880,"content":25881,"nodeType":1009},{},[25882],{"data":25883,"marks":25884,"value":25885,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting compromised credentials",{"data":25887,"content":25888,"nodeType":1312},{},[25889],{"data":25890,"marks":25891,"value":25267,"nodeType":864},{},[25892],{"type":899},{"data":25894,"content":25895,"nodeType":860},{},[25896],{"data":25897,"marks":25898,"value":25899,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside stolen session cookies, stolen credentials made a lot of headlines last year. The 2024 Verizon DBIR found that 79% of web application compromises were the result of breached creds, and researchers at IBM found a 71% year-over-year increase in cyberattacks using stolen or compromised credentials.",{"data":25901,"content":25902,"nodeType":860},{},[25903,25907,25916],{"data":25904,"marks":25905,"value":25906,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In Push’s own research, we counted ",{"data":25908,"content":25910,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25909},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/2024-identity-breaches/",[25911],{"data":25912,"marks":25913,"value":25915,"nodeType":864},{},[25914],{"type":1455},"30 public identity-related breaches",{"data":25917,"marks":25918,"value":25919,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in 2024 where the breach and the breach vector were disclosed. Of those, nearly three-quarters were the result of compromised credentials, including notable breaches such as Microsoft, Change Healthcare, and the attacks on Snowflake customers.",{"data":25921,"content":25922,"nodeType":1116},{},[25923],{"data":25924,"content":25925,"nodeType":860},{},[25926],{"data":25927,"marks":25928,"value":25929,"nodeType":864},{},[],"73% of public identity-related breaches in 2024 were the result of compromised credentials (the rest were phishing attacks). ",{"data":25931,"content":25932,"nodeType":860},{},[25933,25937,25945],{"data":25934,"marks":25935,"value":25936,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The influx of compromised credentials has been amplified by the ",{"data":25938,"content":25939,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25778},[25940],{"data":25941,"marks":25942,"value":25944,"nodeType":864},{},[25943],{"type":1455},"rise of infostealers",{"data":25946,"marks":25947,"value":25948,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which contribute the vast majority of valid stolen credentials, alongside mass credential phishing campaigns and third-party data breach dumps. ",{"data":25950,"content":25951,"nodeType":860},{},[25952],{"data":25953,"marks":25954,"value":25955,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And while there’s no shortage of threat intelligence about stolen credentials for sale on the web, security teams struggle to separate the needle from the haystack because a large portion of TI on stolen creds is out of date.",{"data":25957,"content":25958,"nodeType":860},{},[25959],{"data":25960,"marks":25961,"value":25962,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In evaluating TI data here at Push, we reviewed 5,763 username and password combos that matched domains in use by Push customers. We found that less than 1% of the creds in a multi-vendor dataset were true positives. In other words, 99.5% of the stolen creds we checked were false positives at the time of review — illustrating the challenge security teams face when trying to extract actionable intelligence from this kind of data. ",{"data":25964,"content":25965,"nodeType":1116},{},[25966],{"data":25967,"content":25968,"nodeType":860},{},[25969],{"data":25970,"marks":25971,"value":25972,"nodeType":864},{},[],"99.5% of the findings in compromised credential feeds were found to be false positives.",{"data":25974,"content":25975,"nodeType":1312},{},[25976],{"data":25977,"marks":25978,"value":25338,"nodeType":864},{},[25979],{"type":899},{"data":25981,"content":25982,"nodeType":860},{},[25983],{"data":25984,"marks":25985,"value":25986,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using its browser agent, Push assesses the strength of end-user passwords by creating and analyzing a truncated, salted SHA256 hash of the password for a given account. (These k-anonymized fingerprints are never seen by Push’s back-end and exist only in local browser extension storage.) ",{"data":25988,"content":25989,"nodeType":860},{},[25990,25994,26003],{"data":25991,"marks":25992,"value":25993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These fingerprints give Push a directly observable source of truth for corporate creds, which allowed us to build a ",{"data":25995,"content":25996,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5582},[25997],{"data":25998,"marks":25999,"value":26002,"nodeType":864},{},[26000,26001],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"verified stolen credential detection",{"data":26004,"marks":26005,"value":26006,"nodeType":864},{},[]," capability last year that removes all false positives from TI sources to pinpoint only those stolen creds still actively in use by employees.",{"data":26008,"content":26012,"nodeType":996},{"target":26009},{"sys":26010},{"id":26011,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3BITHZvDadjHpOAqIn0g4w",[],{"data":26014,"content":26015,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26017,"content":26018,"nodeType":1009},{},[26019],{"data":26020,"marks":26021,"value":26022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reducing and securing shadow IT and account sprawl",{"data":26024,"content":26025,"nodeType":860},{},[26026],{"data":26027,"marks":26028,"value":26029,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can think of this last part of the story as the ground from which the attack trends we’ve been talking about emerged: The shift to doing business almost entirely in the browser, and the resulting sprawl in accounts and unmanaged apps, leading to an explosion of internet-facing identities for threat actors to target.",{"data":26031,"content":26032,"nodeType":860},{},[26033],{"data":26034,"marks":26035,"value":26036,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even in organizations with mature security practices, the challenge of getting 100% compliance with identity posture best practices is evident. Last year, Push researchers analyzed a data set of 300,000 accounts from our customer base and found that:",{"data":26038,"content":26039,"nodeType":941},{},[26040,26059,26078],{"data":26041,"content":26042,"nodeType":945},{},[26043],{"data":26044,"content":26045,"nodeType":860},{},[26046,26050,26055],{"data":26047,"marks":26048,"value":26049,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations have ",{"data":26051,"marks":26052,"value":26054,"nodeType":864},{},[26053],{"type":899},"more apps and identities than they thought",{"data":26056,"marks":26057,"value":26058,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — an average of ~15 identities per employee and ~220 apps per organization.",{"data":26060,"content":26061,"nodeType":945},{},[26062],{"data":26063,"content":26064,"nodeType":860},{},[26065,26069,26074],{"data":26066,"marks":26067,"value":26068,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many accounts ",{"data":26070,"marks":26071,"value":26073,"nodeType":864},{},[26072],{"type":899},"lack basic security protections",{"data":26075,"marks":26076,"value":26077,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with 37% of accounts lacking any form of MFA and ~9% of accounts using a password that is leaked, weak, or reused, making them especially susceptible to account takeover. On accounts where password is the only login method in use (e.g. not using SSO or any other federated login like OIDC), there was no MFA in use in 4 out of 5 cases.",{"data":26079,"content":26080,"nodeType":945},{},[26081],{"data":26082,"content":26083,"nodeType":860},{},[26084,26088,26093,26097,26104],{"data":26085,"marks":26086,"value":26087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security ",{"data":26089,"marks":26090,"value":26092,"nodeType":864},{},[26091],{"type":899},"gaps persist even with SSO",{"data":26094,"marks":26095,"value":26096,"nodeType":864},{},[]," accounts — with 10% of SSO-using accounts also having a local password, a risk for ",{"data":26098,"content":26099,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5865},[26100],{"data":26101,"marks":26102,"value":13417,"nodeType":864},{},[26103],{"type":1455},{"data":26105,"marks":26106,"value":26107,"nodeType":864},{},[],"; and 1 in 5 IdP accounts themselves missing MFA.",{"data":26109,"content":26110,"nodeType":860},{},[26111],{"data":26112,"marks":26113,"value":26114,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From our perspective, organizations need scalable controls, and they need easy-to-deploy tools that get them visibility of all their workforce identities, apps, and accounts alongside telemetry that makes the information actionable.",{"data":26116,"content":26117,"nodeType":860},{},[26118],{"data":26119,"marks":26120,"value":26121,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push already provides a real-time inventory of all your accounts and apps, including internal corporate apps, and analyzes the security posture, login methods, and MFA status of those accounts to offer a comprehensive picture of your identity attack surface. ",{"data":26123,"content":26124,"nodeType":860},{},[26125],{"data":26126,"marks":26127,"value":26128,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To help customers enforce their security policies even more seamlessly, here’s what we built last year:",{"data":26130,"content":26131,"nodeType":1312},{},[26132],{"data":26133,"marks":26134,"value":26136,"nodeType":864},{},[26135],{"type":899},"1. App banners",{"data":26138,"content":26139,"nodeType":860},{},[26140,26144,26154],{"data":26141,"marks":26142,"value":26143,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With a range of modes from informing to blocking, ",{"data":26145,"content":26147,"nodeType":883},{"uri":26146},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10106#start",[26148],{"data":26149,"marks":26150,"value":26153,"nodeType":864},{},[26151,26152],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"app banners",{"data":26155,"marks":26156,"value":26157,"nodeType":864},{},[]," allow security teams to communicate best practices and policies with end-users directly in their browser. It works by displaying a banner with your custom message on the login and signup pages for workplace apps. ",{"data":26159,"content":26160,"nodeType":860},{},[26161],{"data":26162,"marks":26163,"value":26164,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using configuration rules, you can set conditions for how banner controls get applied. Common use cases include: Restricting use of GenAI software; carving out an exception for admins on a specific app; reminding users to log in with SSO instead of a password, and others. ",{"data":26166,"content":26170,"nodeType":996},{"target":26167},{"sys":26168},{"id":26169,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4RPHmeMLyZmb5V8rXYLtey",[],{"data":26172,"content":26173,"nodeType":1312},{},[26174,26179],{"data":26175,"marks":26176,"value":26178,"nodeType":864},{},[26177],{"type":899},"2. Password manager identification",{"data":26180,"marks":26181,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26183,"content":26184,"nodeType":860},{},[26185,26189,26199],{"data":26186,"marks":26187,"value":26188,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We also expanded Push’s capability to observe employees’ account security posture by adding an identification of ",{"data":26190,"content":26192,"nodeType":883},{"uri":26191},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/stop-users-saving-corp-creds-into-personal-password-managers/",[26193],{"data":26194,"marks":26195,"value":26198,"nodeType":864},{},[26196,26197],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"which password manager",{"data":26200,"marks":26201,"value":26202,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (if any) they’re using. ",{"data":26204,"content":26205,"nodeType":860},{},[26206],{"data":26207,"marks":26208,"value":26209,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve heard from many security teams that they’re concerned about corporate credentials being stored in unapproved password managers — not to mention the ROI from ensuring employees are all using the corporate password manager you already pay for. This feature helps them achieve both objectives.",{"data":26211,"content":26212,"nodeType":1312},{},[26213],{"data":26214,"marks":26215,"value":26217,"nodeType":864},{},[26216],{"type":899},"3. MFA enforcement",{"data":26219,"content":26220,"nodeType":860},{},[26221,26225,26235],{"data":26222,"marks":26223,"value":26224,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, we rounded out 2024 with a new security control called ",{"data":26226,"content":26228,"nodeType":883},{"uri":26227},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/enforce-mfa-on-third-party-apps/",[26229],{"data":26230,"marks":26231,"value":26234,"nodeType":864},{},[26232,26233],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"MFA enforcement",{"data":26236,"marks":26237,"value":26238,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that builds on the popular app banners concept by detecting when users lack MFA and then prompting them to register for MFA. ",{"data":26240,"content":26241,"nodeType":860},{},[26242],{"data":26243,"marks":26244,"value":26245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Admins choose which apps they wish to enforce MFA on, and the Push extension does the rest. ",{"data":26247,"content":26248,"nodeType":860},{},[26249],{"data":26250,"marks":26251,"value":26252,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security teams we work with are especially eager to use this feature to close MFA coverage gaps on non-SSO and otherwise unmanaged applications.",{"data":26254,"content":26258,"nodeType":996},{"target":26255},{"sys":26256},{"id":26257,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4imhff7SWJi2Gan5iFEs2P",[],{"data":26260,"content":26261,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26263,"content":26264,"nodeType":1009},{},[26265],{"data":26266,"marks":26267,"value":26268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Want to see more?",{"data":26270,"content":26271,"nodeType":860},{},[26272,26276,26283],{"data":26273,"marks":26274,"value":26275,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s a lot we didn’t touch on here that Push can help you achieve. If you’d like to learn more, ",{"data":26277,"content":26278,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},[26279],{"data":26280,"marks":26281,"value":26282,"nodeType":864},{},[],"set up a demo with our team",{"data":26284,"marks":26285,"value":26286,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or sign up yourself to have a look at the platform.","How real-world attacks and research drove Push’s most popular features of 2024","How in-the-wild attacks and our own R&D inspired what we built in 2024 to stop account takeover and reduce security risks across your workforce identities. ","2025-01-16T00:00:00.000Z","push-features-2024",{"items":26292},[26293,26295],{"sys":26294,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":26296,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"items":26298},[26299],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":26300},{"url":853},{"__typename":2059,"sys":26302,"content":26304,"title":26616,"synopsis":26617,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":26618,"slug":26619,"tagsCollection":26620,"authorsCollection":26626},{"id":26303},"4bYO5rVy9n2OO3vtMVQeda",{"json":26305},{"data":26306,"content":26307,"nodeType":856},{},[26308,26315,26334,26350,26357,26364,26367,26374,26381,26434,26441,26447,26450,26457,26464,26471,26478,26485,26502,26507,26514,26521,26537,26542,26549,26556,26563,26570,26577,26580,26586,26604,26610],{"data":26309,"content":26310,"nodeType":1009},{},[26311],{"data":26312,"marks":26313,"value":26314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All phishing eventually leads to the browser",{"data":26316,"content":26317,"nodeType":860},{},[26318,26322,26331],{"data":26319,"marks":26320,"value":26321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The best attack detection methods are those that focus on ",{"data":26323,"content":26325,"nodeType":883},{"uri":26324},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters/",[26326],{"data":26327,"marks":26328,"value":26330,"nodeType":864},{},[26329],{"type":1455},"detecting indicators that are difficult for attackers to change or obfuscate",{"data":26332,"marks":26333,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26335,"content":26336,"nodeType":860},{},[26337,26341,26346],{"data":26338,"marks":26339,"value":26340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For a credential phishing attack to succeed, the victim ",{"data":26342,"marks":26343,"value":26345,"nodeType":864},{},[26344],{"type":1455},"has",{"data":26347,"marks":26348,"value":26349,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to enter their password into a webpage. There’s no two-ways about it, attackers cannot change this. ",{"data":26351,"content":26352,"nodeType":860},{},[26353],{"data":26354,"marks":26355,"value":26356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So it stands to reason that, if you can detect this user behavior, and block them from entering their password, then you can stop phishing. ",{"data":26358,"content":26359,"nodeType":860},{},[26360],{"data":26361,"marks":26362,"value":26363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is exactly what Push does.",{"data":26365,"content":26366,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26368,"content":26369,"nodeType":1312},{},[26370],{"data":26371,"marks":26372,"value":26373,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most anti-phishing tools are easily bypassed",{"data":26375,"content":26376,"nodeType":860},{},[26377],{"data":26378,"marks":26379,"value":26380,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Other anti-phishing tools rely on detecting elements of the attack that attackers can change and hide, such as domains or the webpage contents. Attackers use tricks to evade these detection, like:",{"data":26382,"content":26383,"nodeType":941},{},[26384,26394,26404,26414,26424],{"data":26385,"content":26386,"nodeType":945},{},[26387],{"data":26388,"content":26389,"nodeType":860},{},[26390],{"data":26391,"marks":26392,"value":26393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Cloudflare Workers to block automatic analysis of their phishing site",{"data":26395,"content":26396,"nodeType":945},{},[26397],{"data":26398,"content":26399,"nodeType":860},{},[26400],{"data":26401,"marks":26402,"value":26403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hacking a Wordpress blog to get a reputable domain that passes domain checks ",{"data":26405,"content":26406,"nodeType":945},{},[26407],{"data":26408,"content":26409,"nodeType":860},{},[26410],{"data":26411,"marks":26412,"value":26413,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using redirects and rotating the URLs delivered to the victim to bypass link analysis",{"data":26415,"content":26416,"nodeType":945},{},[26417],{"data":26418,"content":26419,"nodeType":860},{},[26420],{"data":26421,"marks":26422,"value":26423,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Randomizing the HTML title for the web page to bypass blocklists ",{"data":26425,"content":26426,"nodeType":945},{},[26427],{"data":26428,"content":26429,"nodeType":860},{},[26430],{"data":26431,"marks":26432,"value":26433,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One-time phishing links that only work the first time they are clicked",{"data":26435,"content":26436,"nodeType":860},{},[26437],{"data":26438,"marks":26439,"value":26440,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push is putting an end to this game of cat and mouse, by keeping it really simple; you can’t phish someone who can’t put their password into a phishing page. ",{"data":26442,"content":26446,"nodeType":996},{"target":26443},{"sys":26444},{"id":26445,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6AwOZSpqaChmeksnj4SyWE",[],{"data":26448,"content":26449,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26451,"content":26452,"nodeType":1312},{},[26453],{"data":26454,"marks":26455,"value":26456,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Domain-binding passwords",{"data":26458,"content":26459,"nodeType":860},{},[26460],{"data":26461,"marks":26462,"value":26463,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re familiar with how passkeys are domain-bound, then think of what Push does as domain-binding passwords. We pin the password to its legitimate domain(s) and then don’t allow it to be entered into any webpage on any other domain. ",{"data":26465,"content":26466,"nodeType":860},{},[26467],{"data":26468,"marks":26469,"value":26470,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But just because you’ve stopped your users from being phished doesn’t mean you don’t want to know when attackers are attempting to phish your users and how. ",{"data":26472,"content":26473,"nodeType":860},{},[26474],{"data":26475,"marks":26476,"value":26477,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push still inspects webpages to see if attackers are rendering cloned app login pages in the browser or if known AitM and BitM toolkits are being used. This way you don’t lose visibility of the unsuccessful attacks that are targeting your users. Think of it as a handy second and third layer of defense.",{"data":26479,"content":26480,"nodeType":860},{},[26481],{"data":26482,"marks":26483,"value":26484,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Lets run through a quick before and after example:",{"data":26486,"content":26487,"nodeType":1312},{},[26488,26492,26498],{"data":26489,"marks":26490,"value":26491,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scenario 1: An attacker attempts to phish an employee that ",{"data":26493,"marks":26494,"value":26497,"nodeType":864},{},[26495,26496],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"doesn’t",{"data":26499,"marks":26500,"value":26501,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have Push deployed to their browser.",{"data":26503,"content":26506,"nodeType":996},{"target":26504},{"sys":26505},{"id":24312,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":26508,"content":26509,"nodeType":860},{},[26510],{"data":26511,"marks":26512,"value":26513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here, an attacker hacks a Wordpress blog to get a reputable domain and then runs a phishing toolkit on the webpage. They email one of your employees a link to it. Your SWG / email scanning solution inspects it in a sandbox but the phish kit detects this and redirects to a benign site so that it passes the inspection. ",{"data":26515,"content":26516,"nodeType":860},{},[26517],{"data":26518,"marks":26519,"value":26520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Your user gets the email with the link and is now free to interact with the phishing page. They enter their credentials plus MFA code into the page and voila! The attacker steals them and is able to compromise the user’s account.  ",{"data":26522,"content":26523,"nodeType":1312},{},[26524,26528,26533],{"data":26525,"marks":26526,"value":26527,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scenario 2: An attacker attempts to phish an employee that ",{"data":26529,"marks":26530,"value":3053,"nodeType":864},{},[26531,26532],{"type":1455},{"type":899},{"data":26534,"marks":26535,"value":26536,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have Push deployed to their browser. ",{"data":26538,"content":26541,"nodeType":996},{"target":26539},{"sys":26540},{"id":24332,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":26543,"content":26544,"nodeType":860},{},[26545],{"data":26546,"marks":26547,"value":26548,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This time, the attacker uses the same phishing toolkit and domain from the first example. But in reality, they don’t have to send it to your employee using email, instead, they could use LinkedIn messenger, Slack, Teams, or any application that allows employees to communicate with each other. ",{"data":26550,"content":26551,"nodeType":860},{},[26552],{"data":26553,"marks":26554,"value":26555,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Like before, the user receives the link, opens it and starts to enter their credentials into the webpage. This time though, the Push browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page.",{"data":26557,"content":26558,"nodeType":860},{},[26559],{"data":26560,"marks":26561,"value":26562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first detection Push makes is checking that the password the user is entering matches the domain that password is pinned to. Since it doesn't match, based on this detection alone the user is automatically redirected to a blocking page. An important point to make here is that the password never leaves the user’s browser and the check is made using a shortened salted hash of the password.   ",{"data":26564,"content":26565,"nodeType":860},{},[26566],{"data":26567,"marks":26568,"value":26569,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The second detection Push makes is that the rendered web app is using a cloned app login page. The third detection is that a phishing toolkit is running in the web app code. ",{"data":26571,"content":26572,"nodeType":860},{},[26573],{"data":26574,"marks":26575,"value":26576,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this particular scenario these second and third detections serve as useful context for understanding the nature of the phishing attack. But both will still redirect to a blocking page if they are triggered in isolation of the other phishing detections. ",{"data":26578,"content":26579,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26581,"content":26582,"nodeType":1009},{},[26583],{"data":26584,"marks":26585,"value":20401,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26587,"content":26588,"nodeType":860},{},[26589,26593,26600],{"data":26590,"marks":26591,"value":26592,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We also detect other identity-related attack techniques used to compromise user accounts. That includes credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques, ",{"data":26594,"content":26595,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},[26596],{"data":26597,"marks":26598,"value":20422,"nodeType":864},{},[26599],{"type":1455},{"data":26601,"marks":26602,"value":26603,"nodeType":864},{},[],".  ",{"data":26605,"content":26609,"nodeType":996},{"target":26606},{"sys":26607},{"id":26608,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2JSmYDaiAciOx7Z1MRuJlA",[],{"data":26611,"content":26612,"nodeType":860},{},[26613],{"data":26614,"marks":26615,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking phishing attacks in the browser","How Push detects and blocks phishing attempts in the browser – explained in less than two minutes. ","2024-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser",{"items":26621},[26622,26624],{"sys":26623,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":26625,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":26627},[26628],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":26629},{"url":4881},"why-its-time-for-phishing-prevention-to-move-beyond-email","blog/why-its-time-for-phishing-prevention-to-move-beyond-email",{"json":26633},{"data":26634,"content":26635,"nodeType":856},{},[26636],{"data":26637,"content":26638,"nodeType":860},{},[26639],{"data":26640,"marks":26641,"value":26642,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern MFA-bypass phishing attacks are routinely defeating primarily email-based security controls. Why are controls failing and what can we do about it? ",{"id":26644,"publishedAt":26645},"4UgGUvlZNqkJtx9nNprKg0","2026-08-12T11:54:24.111Z",{"items":26647},[26648,26650],{"sys":26649,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":26651,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":26653},[26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680],{"sys":26655,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":26657,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":26659,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":26661,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":26663,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":26665,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":26667,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":26669,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":26671,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":26673,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":26675,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":26677,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},{"sys":26679,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":26681,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},"pKv0XFp-65fZyfYU7N0RcNivS_R_aM0oXomOCsaZEFA",{"id":26684,"title":26685,"authorsCollection":26686,"content":26692,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":27469,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":27471,"metaTitle":27472,"ogImage":59,"postType":27473,"publishedDate":27474,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":27475,"slug":29231,"stem":29232,"subtitle":59,"summary":29233,"synopsis":29250,"sys":29251,"tagsCollection":29254,"topicsCollection":29260,"__hash__":29280},"blog/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2.json","How AitM phishing kits evade detection: Part 2",{"items":26687},[26688],{"fullName":20440,"firstName":20441,"jobTitle":20442,"socialLinks":26689,"profilePicture":26691},[26690],"https://www.linkedin.com/in/luke-jennings-042b5619b/",{"url":20444},{"json":26693,"links":27372},{"data":26694,"content":26695,"nodeType":856},{},[26696,26703,26722,26755,26762,26768,26775,26782,26815,26822,26829,26836,26843,26850,26857,26864,26871,26878,26885,26892,26899,26906,26913,26920,26927,26934,26940,26946,26953,26960,26967,26974,26980,26987,26994,27012,27019,27039,27045,27052,27059,27066,27073,27079,27086,27093,27100,27107,27114,27120,27126,27133,27140,27147,27154,27161,27168,27174,27181,27188,27195,27202,27209,27215,27221,27228,27235,27242,27248,27255,27262,27269,27275,27282,27288,27295,27301,27318,27336,27343,27360,27366],{"data":26697,"content":26698,"nodeType":1009},{},[26699],{"data":26700,"marks":26701,"value":26702,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Picking up where we left off...",{"data":26704,"content":26705,"nodeType":860},{},[26706,26710,26718],{"data":26707,"marks":26708,"value":26709,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In our previous ",{"data":26711,"content":26712,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[26713],{"data":26714,"marks":26715,"value":26717,"nodeType":864},{},[26716],{"type":1455},"blog post",{"data":26719,"marks":26720,"value":26721,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we looked at a range of techniques implemented by a then-recent instance of the NakedPages AiTM phishing kit for evading detection. The techniques covered previously were mostly intended to make two detection strategies for defenders much more difficult:",{"data":26723,"content":26724,"nodeType":941},{},[26725,26740],{"data":26726,"content":26727,"nodeType":945},{},[26728],{"data":26729,"content":26730,"nodeType":860},{},[26731,26736],{"data":26732,"marks":26733,"value":26735,"nodeType":864},{},[26734],{"type":899},"Writing toolkit signatures",{"data":26737,"marks":26738,"value":26739,"nodeType":864},{},[],": Through heavy use of randomization, constantly changing hosting domains/IPs, legitimate hosting options etc., it becomes very difficult for defenders to maintain effective signatures to detect either generic phishing kit code or where they are hosted.",{"data":26741,"content":26742,"nodeType":945},{},[26743],{"data":26744,"content":26745,"nodeType":860},{},[26746,26751],{"data":26747,"marks":26748,"value":26750,"nodeType":864},{},[26749],{"type":899},"Automating dynamic analysis",{"data":26752,"marks":26753,"value":26754,"nodeType":864},{},[],": Similarly to sandbox evasion for malware, phishing kits are designed to evade automated discovery and analysis, e.g. by using Cloudflare Turnstile bot detection, and requiring legitimate browser interaction and JavaScript execution in order for execution flow to reach the malicious phishing functionality.",{"data":26756,"content":26757,"nodeType":860},{},[26758],{"data":26759,"marks":26760,"value":26761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this blog post, we're diving deeper into a specific category of signature-based detection and how attackers are getting around them: Login page signatures. ",{"data":26763,"content":26767,"nodeType":996},{"target":26764},{"sys":26765},{"id":26766,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1aaDMth4Cxv6CMT0PJW5py",[],{"data":26769,"content":26770,"nodeType":1009},{},[26771],{"data":26772,"marks":26773,"value":26774,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Login page signatures 101",{"data":26776,"content":26777,"nodeType":860},{},[26778],{"data":26779,"marks":26780,"value":26781,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The overwhelming majority of common AiTM phishing kits in the wild now are targeting the most dominant identity providers (IdPs), such as Microsoft Entra or Google Workspace. They typically emulate the login pages of these platforms to ensure the victim uses the correct password and MFA factor and completes the login process, so the attacker can steal the valid session.",{"data":26783,"content":26784,"nodeType":860},{},[26785,26789,26794,26797,26802,26806,26811],{"data":26786,"marks":26787,"value":26788,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a result, security product vendors are naturally looking to move away from unreliable detections based on signaturing ever-changing phishing kits, toward detecting login pages that ",{"data":26790,"marks":26791,"value":26793,"nodeType":864},{},[26792],{"type":899},"look like",{"data":26795,"marks":26796,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26798,"marks":26799,"value":26801,"nodeType":864},{},[26800],{"type":899},"Microsoft Entra, Google Workspace",{"data":26803,"marks":26804,"value":26805,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (or any other common IdP) ",{"data":26807,"marks":26808,"value":26810,"nodeType":864},{},[26809],{"type":899},"but are not hosted on the official domains",{"data":26812,"marks":26813,"value":26814,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The benefit here is that you’re focusing on a fixed, known target, rather than a constantly moving one (e.g. phishing kit codebases).",{"data":26816,"content":26817,"nodeType":860},{},[26818],{"data":26819,"marks":26820,"value":26821,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, attackers have managed to stay one step ahead and are already using a wide range of techniques to break these detections and counter the countermeasures.",{"data":26823,"content":26824,"nodeType":1009},{},[26825],{"data":26826,"marks":26827,"value":26828,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Signature evasion strategies",{"data":26830,"content":26831,"nodeType":860},{},[26832],{"data":26833,"marks":26834,"value":26835,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Well, like most good ideas, someone else has already had it — many phishing kits pre-emptively take steps to evade detections based on login page signatures. The specific evasion techniques used are a useful insight into what detection techniques are out there and are needing to be circumvented. ",{"data":26837,"content":26838,"nodeType":860},{},[26839],{"data":26840,"marks":26841,"value":26842,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we delve into the specific examples, let’s first consider the general strategies for this: document object model (DOM) obfuscation, and visual obfuscation. ",{"data":26844,"content":26845,"nodeType":1312},{},[26846],{"data":26847,"marks":26848,"value":26849,"nodeType":864},{},[],"DOM obfuscation",{"data":26851,"content":26852,"nodeType":860},{},[26853],{"data":26854,"marks":26855,"value":26856,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the more traditional evasion approach. The goal for an attacker is to have a login page that is visually identical to the real page when viewed with the human eye. ",{"data":26858,"content":26859,"nodeType":860},{},[26860],{"data":26861,"marks":26862,"value":26863,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But that doesn’t mean the underlying DOM (or loaded HTML, CSS, and JS code) needs to be the same, or even similar, to the real login page. It’s possible to  construct a completely different DOM that ensures the same visual output with a very different underlying code. ",{"data":26865,"content":26866,"nodeType":860},{},[26867],{"data":26868,"marks":26869,"value":26870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s also possible to use dynamic modification techniques to ensure the DOM changes during execution to frustrate fixed point-in-time analysis controls, like those that may be used by web proxies.  ",{"data":26872,"content":26873,"nodeType":1312},{},[26874],{"data":26875,"marks":26876,"value":26877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Visual obfuscation",{"data":26879,"content":26880,"nodeType":860},{},[26881],{"data":26882,"marks":26883,"value":26884,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With the ever-increasing capabilities of machine learning (ML) and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, we don’t just have to look at the underlying code and text signatures anymore. There are a range of computer vision based techniques that can be used to simulate a more human approach to assessing if a login page matches another example. ",{"data":26886,"content":26887,"nodeType":860},{},[26888],{"data":26889,"marks":26890,"value":26891,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Therefore, another approach to defeat login page signatures would be to perform visual obfuscation techniques that can frustrate computer vision-based detections, while still fooling a human user.",{"data":26893,"content":26894,"nodeType":1009},{},[26895],{"data":26896,"marks":26897,"value":26898,"nodeType":864},{},[],"DOM obfuscation techniques",{"data":26900,"content":26901,"nodeType":860},{},[26902],{"data":26903,"marks":26904,"value":26905,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For consistency, we’re going to focus on Microsoft login phishing kits as they are the most common (by far), but we’ll pick from some different samples we’ve observed. Let’s start with a few examples of DOM obfuscation we have seen in the wild:",{"data":26907,"content":26908,"nodeType":1312},{},[26909],{"data":26910,"marks":26911,"value":26912,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#1 – DOM structure change",{"data":26914,"content":26915,"nodeType":860},{},[26916],{"data":26917,"marks":26918,"value":26919,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If an attacker were to simply clone Microsoft’s login page, then we’d expect to see a very similar (if not identical) DOM structure, right? After all, the simplest way to emulate a web page visually is either to copy the HTML directly or transparently proxy requests to the real target with minimal changes, as tools like Evilginx do. This would make detection far simpler as we’d have a known code structure to look for. ",{"data":26921,"content":26922,"nodeType":860},{},[26923],{"data":26924,"marks":26925,"value":26926,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unfortunately, it’s pretty common for attackers to deliberately use a completely different DOM structure for something that’s almost identical to the eye. It takes a lot more effort to implement this and so the reason for it is almost certainly to avoid this detection technique.  ",{"data":26928,"content":26929,"nodeType":860},{},[26930],{"data":26931,"marks":26932,"value":26933,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Check out the examples below to see a high-level interpretation of the DOM structure for a legitimate Microsoft login page and one phishing example. You can see how they are visually very similar, but radically different from one another when looking at DOM code:",{"data":26935,"content":26939,"nodeType":996},{"target":26936},{"sys":26937},{"id":26938,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4amv144ZzTBmd9ssh66kkr",[],{"data":26941,"content":26945,"nodeType":996},{"target":26942},{"sys":26943},{"id":26944,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2gC49b2f2Th4wAEWLPvAnL",[],{"data":26947,"content":26948,"nodeType":1312},{},[26949],{"data":26950,"marks":26951,"value":26952,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#2 – Randomizing page titles",{"data":26954,"content":26955,"nodeType":860},{},[26956],{"data":26957,"marks":26958,"value":26959,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The HTML page title is one very specific place to check for similarity. For Microsoft, it can change slightly depending on the service, but if we use Outlook as an example then the page title is “Sign in to Outlook”. This also has a favicon of the Microsoft logo (another issue we’ll visit later in the article). \n\nIt’s unsurprising that attackers are randomizing the page title to evade basic detections – how many users would really notice any difference?",{"data":26961,"content":26962,"nodeType":860},{},[26963],{"data":26964,"marks":26965,"value":26966,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Some kits, such as the NakedPages case study we looked at in the previous article, use purely randomized alphanumeric text. Others use english words that may seem innocuous if a user does inspect them, but are in fact randomized between iterations to ensure any one set that is flagged will not completely block the phishing kit from operating. ",{"data":26968,"content":26969,"nodeType":860},{},[26970],{"data":26971,"marks":26972,"value":26973,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, see three refreshed examples of the same phishing kit below when compared with the legitimate Outlook login page title next to it.",{"data":26975,"content":26979,"nodeType":996},{"target":26976},{"sys":26977},{"id":26978,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2KuHCssISCeGYeZNC005pV",[],{"data":26981,"content":26982,"nodeType":1312},{},[26983],{"data":26984,"marks":26985,"value":26986,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#3 – Desktop control techniques (e.g. NoVNC)",{"data":26988,"content":26989,"nodeType":860},{},[26990],{"data":26991,"marks":26992,"value":26993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most common AiTM phishing technique is some form of a web proxy method, where the victim interacts with a legitimate website that is proxying certain requests to the real backend. However, this is not the only method. Some tools utilize a Browser-in-the-Middle (BiTM) technique that involves using desktop sharing technologies to remotely control an attacker’s browser instead. ",{"data":26995,"content":26996,"nodeType":860},{},[26997,27001,27009],{"data":26998,"marks":26999,"value":27000,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to know more about this, check out our ",{"data":27002,"content":27003,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24563},[27004],{"data":27005,"marks":27006,"value":27008,"nodeType":864},{},[27007],{"type":1455},"previous article on AiTM phishing",{"data":27010,"marks":27011,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27013,"content":27014,"nodeType":860},{},[27015],{"data":27016,"marks":27017,"value":27018,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The upside of this for an attacker is that the website is actually completely different from the target website under the hood. If anything, it just looks like any other website making use of similar technologies like NoVNC.",{"data":27020,"content":27021,"nodeType":860},{},[27022,27026,27035],{"data":27023,"marks":27024,"value":27025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, see the following screenshot example of using the open-source BiTM tool, ",{"data":27027,"content":27029,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27028},"https://github.com/JoelGMSec/EvilnoVNC",[27030],{"data":27031,"marks":27032,"value":27034,"nodeType":864},{},[27033],{"type":1455},"EvilNoVNC",{"data":27036,"marks":27037,"value":27038,"nodeType":864},{},[],". You can see how the underlying HTML and DOM are completely different due to the use of this technique, with effectively the entire page just being an HTML canvas element that is rendered like a video.",{"data":27040,"content":27044,"nodeType":996},{"target":27041},{"sys":27042},{"id":27043,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"60Jt2P0ip14ycdtS9qLPhc",[],{"data":27046,"content":27047,"nodeType":1312},{},[27048],{"data":27049,"marks":27050,"value":27051,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#4 – Dynamic text decoding",{"data":27053,"content":27054,"nodeType":860},{},[27055],{"data":27056,"marks":27057,"value":27058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Sometimes there may be very specific strings that detection tools might try to signature on. Let’s use the example of text that appears visually on the login page. While most login text can be pretty generic, e.g. “Sign in”, that’s not always the case. To appear authentic, it’s better for an attacker to keep it the same, but that leaves it vulnerable to signature detection. ",{"data":27060,"content":27061,"nodeType":860},{},[27062],{"data":27063,"marks":27064,"value":27065,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, the placeholder text on Microsoft’s login page is “Email, phone, or Skype”. Particularly given Microsoft’s historical acquisition of Skype, this is actually a pretty specific piece of text that you won’t usually find in the username field of a login page very often. ",{"data":27067,"content":27068,"nodeType":860},{},[27069],{"data":27070,"marks":27071,"value":27072,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So how do you keep this text but make it harder to signature on? Well you fall back to classic decoding techniques to avoid static signatures. In this case, that is decoded from base64 using JavaScript’s atob() function in order to load that text dynamically during execution rather than have it statically within the HTML. This makes it harder to create a signature using common point-in-time static analysis techniques.",{"data":27074,"content":27078,"nodeType":996},{"target":27075},{"sys":27076},{"id":27077,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1PymaE09il5CubFvwSfLqW",[],{"data":27080,"content":27081,"nodeType":1312},{},[27082],{"data":27083,"marks":27084,"value":27085,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#5 – Image element obfuscation",{"data":27087,"content":27088,"nodeType":860},{},[27089],{"data":27090,"marks":27091,"value":27092,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re starting to shift towards more visual-based obfuscation elements now, but first let’s cover  an interesting example that straddles the two.",{"data":27094,"content":27095,"nodeType":860},{},[27096],{"data":27097,"marks":27098,"value":27099,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many login pages will have very clear examples of vendor logos present in specific locations and elements as part of a login page. This is a huge part of an authentic visual experience and so attackers would like to keep them there. However, as defenders we could specifically look for these elements, both for pure structural matching techniques or as a pre-processing step for visual matching techniques later (e.g. visually matching a logo, rather than the entire page). ",{"data":27101,"content":27102,"nodeType":860},{},[27103],{"data":27104,"marks":27105,"value":27106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For this reason, attackers might want to obfuscate this aspect in order to make it difficult to match or locate the images used within the login page, while still ensuring they appear visually identical to a user.",{"data":27108,"content":27109,"nodeType":860},{},[27110],{"data":27111,"marks":27112,"value":27113,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Below, we can see a comparison of a legitimate Microsoft login page and a phishing kit. You can see how in the original a standard HTML \u003Cimg> element of a specific size and name are used. In comparison, our phishing kit has replaced this with a \u003Cdiv> element of a different size and made use of background image styling to ensure the \u003Cdiv> ends up with the same visual appearance despite the structural differences.",{"data":27115,"content":27119,"nodeType":996},{"target":27116},{"sys":27117},{"id":27118,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4MvwXZDjMA56ZYSdjKpu9R",[],{"data":27121,"content":27125,"nodeType":996},{"target":27122},{"sys":27123},{"id":27124,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6tNMjTvHuAWkuK0x7ZEgKr",[],{"data":27127,"content":27128,"nodeType":1009},{},[27129],{"data":27130,"marks":27131,"value":27132,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Visual obfuscation techniques",{"data":27134,"content":27135,"nodeType":860},{},[27136],{"data":27137,"marks":27138,"value":27139,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As if that wasn’t enough, let’s move on to some visual obfuscation techniques that attackers are also using.",{"data":27141,"content":27142,"nodeType":1312},{},[27143],{"data":27144,"marks":27145,"value":27146,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#6 – Favicon changes",{"data":27148,"content":27149,"nodeType":860},{},[27150],{"data":27151,"marks":27152,"value":27153,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We effectively saw this earlier when speaking about HTML page title randomization. The favicon is also an easy place to look for the obvious use of vendor logos. How many legitimate websites are going to have the Microsoft logo as their favicon? If they do, they may quickly end up with a cease and desist letter!",{"data":27155,"content":27156,"nodeType":860},{},[27157],{"data":27158,"marks":27159,"value":27160,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Favicons also render at a fixed size, so if an attacker wants to ensure that the Microsoft logo appears as the favicon for their page, it gives defenders a fixed target to perform image recognition against for cloned logos. ",{"data":27162,"content":27163,"nodeType":860},{},[27164],{"data":27165,"marks":27166,"value":27167,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this phishing kit example, it looks like the authors have decided they are better off just leaving the favicon empty to avoid being vulnerable to this detection technique.",{"data":27169,"content":27173,"nodeType":996},{"target":27170},{"sys":27171},{"id":27172,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7FknWWF9ri9eZvu8Prhkd5",[],{"data":27175,"content":27176,"nodeType":1312},{},[27177],{"data":27178,"marks":27179,"value":27180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#7 – Blurred background images",{"data":27182,"content":27183,"nodeType":860},{},[27184],{"data":27185,"marks":27186,"value":27187,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ok, this is a pretty clever one. Let’s say as a defender we wanted to perform sophisticated image recognition techniques to detect websites that look visually very similar to Microsoft’s login page overall. There may be many challenges around rendering resolution etc to deal with but conceptually we could look to match on the whole page. ",{"data":27189,"content":27190,"nodeType":860},{},[27191],{"data":27192,"marks":27193,"value":27194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, if an attacker makes a substantial visual change to the page that still appears authentic then this would prevent the technique from operating effectively. One common graphic design method used when a modal pops up is to blur the background. Some phishing kits use similar techniques on their login pages with a variety of different background images that are derived from legitimate Microsoft sources. ",{"data":27196,"content":27197,"nodeType":860},{},[27198],{"data":27199,"marks":27200,"value":27201,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first time you see this, it’s easy to think you’ve seen this a hundred times before. It just seems very familiar and authentic… except it’s not. The real login page has a blank background. Therefore, any algorithms looking for visual similarity of the overall page are not going to match because they are actually radically different. ",{"data":27203,"content":27204,"nodeType":860},{},[27205],{"data":27206,"marks":27207,"value":27208,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a trick on the human brain and the way we interpret images, not a trick on a computer vision algorithm. Take a look at the phishing example and the real Microsoft login page below:",{"data":27210,"content":27214,"nodeType":996},{"target":27211},{"sys":27212},{"id":27213,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6KnrHECqltSOgSCGHIjYEL",[],{"data":27216,"content":27220,"nodeType":996},{"target":27217},{"sys":27218},{"id":27219,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1nb6K1MyBkON2eBHk1365B",[],{"data":27222,"content":27223,"nodeType":1312},{},[27224],{"data":27225,"marks":27226,"value":27227,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#8 – Logo substitution",{"data":27229,"content":27230,"nodeType":860},{},[27231],{"data":27232,"marks":27233,"value":27234,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might have noticed one other change with the previous image – the logo that was used. We saw earlier how some phishing kits make it harder to identify individual logos within an image through DOM obfuscation techniques. However, the other approach is to substitute logos for similar ones that give a sense of authenticity to the user but are visually completely different.",{"data":27236,"content":27237,"nodeType":860},{},[27238],{"data":27239,"marks":27240,"value":27241,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, the phishing kit has chosen to use the newer purple hexagon Microsoft 365 logo in place of the standard Microsoft logo on the login page. Users will no doubt be familiar with this logo as belonging to Microsoft and so it still gives the sense of authenticity. A computer vision algorithm looking to match the original logo won’t know that though!",{"data":27243,"content":27247,"nodeType":996},{"target":27244},{"sys":27245},{"id":27246,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5o1WRmupkYPr9QmeQUf5uF",[],{"data":27249,"content":27250,"nodeType":1312},{},[27251],{"data":27252,"marks":27253,"value":27254,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#9 - Sub-image obfuscation",{"data":27256,"content":27257,"nodeType":860},{},[27258],{"data":27259,"marks":27260,"value":27261,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ok, so let’s say an attacker wants to use the real logo and they’ve even used the image element obfuscation method we saw earlier to dynamically set the image as a background image for a \u003Cdiv> element. ",{"data":27263,"content":27264,"nodeType":860},{},[27265],{"data":27266,"marks":27267,"value":27268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, it’s not impossible for these images to be isolated and analyzed. Perhaps a defender might enumerate all divs, compute the background images and analyze them all. We can see an example of using code to do this to determine the image used by a \u003Cdiv> element in a phishing kit below:",{"data":27270,"content":27274,"nodeType":996},{"target":27271},{"sys":27272},{"id":27273,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"79e7r8I5p0Nh9hpqrRs9eJ",[],{"data":27276,"content":27277,"nodeType":860},{},[27278],{"data":27279,"marks":27280,"value":27281,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This gives us the base64 image data that was set as the background image. However, if we look at that image data directly we see it’s an obfuscated form of the image, even though it displays correctly when properly cropped as it’s embedded in the overall page:",{"data":27283,"content":27287,"nodeType":996},{"target":27284},{"sys":27285},{"id":27286,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"jXlXRHrezWsZ27CiQIyBO",[],{"data":27289,"content":27290,"nodeType":860},{},[27291],{"data":27292,"marks":27293,"value":27294,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This makes it harder for a visual algorithm to match the logo as it’s clearly not exactly the same. Instead, careful construction of the div and related DOM has ensured that these obfuscated edge pieces do not show visually to the user.",{"data":27296,"content":27297,"nodeType":1009},{},[27298],{"data":27299,"marks":27300,"value":24988,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27302,"content":27303,"nodeType":860},{},[27304,27307,27314],{"data":27305,"marks":27306,"value":1499,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27308,"content":27309,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[27310],{"data":27311,"marks":27312,"value":27313,"nodeType":864},{},[],"our previous article",{"data":27315,"marks":27316,"value":27317,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we looked at a higher level set of techniques used by phishing kits to avoid detection. In this article, we’ve dived deeper into one particular strategy of breaking login page signatures and have shown how, even inside of this one strategy, there are many different sub-techniques being used to evade common detections.",{"data":27319,"content":27320,"nodeType":860},{},[27321,27325,27332],{"data":27322,"marks":27323,"value":27324,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Looking at the evasion techniques discussed here and in ",{"data":27326,"content":27327,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[27328],{"data":27329,"marks":27330,"value":27331,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Part 1",{"data":27333,"marks":27334,"value":27335,"nodeType":864},{},[],", it’s pretty clear that attackers are consciously looking to bypass automated detection techniques typically implemented through either web traffic analysis (using a web proxy inspection tool or Secure Web Gateway) or website sandboxing (for example link analysis provided by an email security appliance).",{"data":27337,"content":27338,"nodeType":860},{},[27339],{"data":27340,"marks":27341,"value":27342,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On a positive note, this shows us that (at least some) detection tools are trending upwards on the Pyramid of Pain — moving away from nearly pointless signatures like IP addresses and domains towards more in-depth detections of specific tool techniques. Though it’s also fair to say that, in this cat-and-mouse game, it seems the attackers are maintaining the advantage. This may be because these detection technologies are widely available, and attackers can test their kits against these tools and change them just enough to bypass them.",{"data":27344,"content":27345,"nodeType":860},{},[27346,27350,27357],{"data":27347,"marks":27348,"value":27349,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re interested in how Push is able to detect these attacks despite all these ever evolving evasion techniques by using browser telemetry and evaluating user interaction with these kits — ",{"data":27351,"content":27352,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19940},[27353],{"data":27354,"marks":27355,"value":27356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"take a look at how we do phishing detection.",{"data":27358,"marks":27359,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27361,"content":27365,"nodeType":996},{"target":27362},{"sys":27363},{"id":27364,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6H8HmAmYiGvs3T7kQLA4dd",[],{"data":27367,"content":27368,"nodeType":860},{},[27369],{"data":27370,"marks":27371,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":27373},{"hyperlink":27374,"inline":27375,"block":27376},[],[],[27377,27383,27389,27394,27400,27407,27414,27421,27426,27433,27440,27447,27452,27459,27466],{"sys":27378,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":27379,"buttonLabel":27380,"buttonColour":27381,"buttonUrl":27382},{"id":26766},"Watch our on-demand webinar to learn why AitM phishing kits keep getting through your detection controls","Watch now","sea blue","https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/on-demand-webinar-phish-kit-teardown/",{"sys":27384,"__typename":1724,"title":27385,"caption":27385,"layoutMode":59,"file":27386},{"id":26938},"Legitimate Microsoft login page, see a simple analysis of HTML tags in the DOM on the right",{"url":27387,"width":27388,"height":24489},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5li6TkSTxzqRLE8IWJpJDI/472a729b8c22444faede4595fd02a467/image8.png",1232,{"sys":27390,"__typename":1724,"title":27391,"caption":27391,"layoutMode":59,"file":27392},{"id":26944},"Phishing page – HTML tags in the DOM on the right are clearly very different",{"url":27393,"width":27388,"height":24489},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4uBFlebdpBej6LWjOOrbyz/63ba505acbff44a295dd9a5234a6f48c/image14.png",{"sys":27395,"__typename":1724,"title":27396,"caption":27396,"layoutMode":59,"file":27397},{"id":26978},"Randomized page titles of a phishing kit compared with legitimate Outlook login",{"url":27398,"width":802,"height":27399},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/siW14N2Kwg1s8hIPE8CiT/779eb68e7590844fd051d1831db4346d/Group_448.png",163,{"sys":27401,"__typename":1724,"title":27402,"caption":27402,"layoutMode":59,"file":27403},{"id":27043},"EvilNoVNC tool with underlying HTML structure representing it",{"url":27404,"width":27405,"height":27406},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5QuvOyM7qhieElxqzOKTUI/7347dd7af4c0421b2dbb6c4c6bd4d61e/image11.png",1484,832,{"sys":27408,"__typename":1724,"title":27409,"caption":27409,"layoutMode":59,"file":27410},{"id":27077},"An example of a phishing kit using atob() base64 decoding to hide specific text",{"url":27411,"width":27412,"height":27413},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2mhJCgbYdY5yiJuaLkfrv4/e89381ca59b6ddcceeb2b99a7068a488/image1.png",1126,215,{"sys":27415,"__typename":1724,"title":27416,"caption":27416,"layoutMode":59,"file":27417},{"id":27118},"Legitimate Microsoft login page showing the HTML \u003Cimg> element representing the logo",{"url":27418,"width":27419,"height":27420},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7i3Oq2a6SEoOAeEUrieaht/7af9700aee1fd22df22457e04f6aa402/image10.png",477,444,{"sys":27422,"__typename":1724,"title":27423,"caption":27423,"layoutMode":59,"file":27424},{"id":27124},"Phishing kit showing the use of a different sized \u003Cdiv> element to represent the logo instead",{"url":27425,"width":27419,"height":27420},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5wBymusKtoqG2K3CNAcNCD/af19bf6632f06bc88e13a325fb27d6c3/image13.png",{"sys":27427,"__typename":1724,"title":27428,"caption":27428,"layoutMode":59,"file":27429},{"id":27172},"Comparison of a legitimate logo as the favicon for Microsoft’s login page vs. a phishing kit leaving it empty",{"url":27430,"width":27431,"height":27432},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7HanK6OlKdrp5dsN7klCYM/1a6c91d7ef97b6aa629f46bc99e79947/image3.png",457,37,{"sys":27434,"__typename":1724,"title":27435,"caption":27435,"layoutMode":59,"file":27436},{"id":27213},"An example of a blurred background used by a phishing kit targeting Microsoft logins",{"url":27437,"width":27438,"height":27439},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6DLedoDwgUSj1Z1dikdrMq/c07a6a8edda1e587258fb13f50ad48ac/image2.png",1968,1324,{"sys":27441,"__typename":1724,"title":27442,"caption":27442,"layoutMode":59,"file":27443},{"id":27219},"The legitimate Microsoft login page with a plain background as a comparison",{"url":27444,"width":27445,"height":27446},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2TurUiHG0toxZEAq9qHgVv/783a3c2114825754b792d1a740ca78bf/image6.png",819,715,{"sys":27448,"__typename":1724,"title":27449,"caption":27449,"layoutMode":59,"file":27450},{"id":27246},"Logo substitution utilized by a phishing kit so the page still appears authentic but avoids using the expected logo that computer vision algorithms may look for",{"url":27451,"width":27438,"height":27439},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1TpjK42Icm2nf5sVi7vad/41fe101b4720d858d2126d08585b90bf/image2.png",{"sys":27453,"__typename":1724,"title":27454,"caption":27454,"layoutMode":59,"file":27455},{"id":27273},"Querying a div used to display a Microsoft logo in a phishing kit to determine the background image that has been set",{"url":27456,"width":27457,"height":27458},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3gzVNS8qXKfHESOmGrkrJz/07c2d1f69880c006ce41436d66cf66a1/image7.png",630,135,{"sys":27460,"__typename":1724,"title":27461,"caption":27461,"layoutMode":59,"file":27462},{"id":27286},"Obfuscated form when looking at the image data directly",{"url":27463,"width":27464,"height":27465},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7DmRWxMorAk4iL6PZxv9Mp/c70024c6dabd4d0643db7ec0cb0cab0c/image9.png",110,35,{"sys":27467,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":27468,"buttonLabel":9313,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":19940},{"id":27364},"Learn how Push detects and blocks phishing attacks in the browser",{"items":27470},[],{},"How attackers defeat detections based on page 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field of threat detection and security monitoring has changed significantly over the last decade. Security tools and product categories have been added and replaced, specialist disciplines established, and methodologies created. ",{"data":27777,"content":27778,"nodeType":860},{},[27779],{"data":27780,"marks":27781,"value":27782,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Naturally, defenders have had to mature their approach because of the changing nature of the threat facing organizations. Attackers have always looked for new ways to target their victims, and naturally, defenders have had to adapt, forcing attackers to change things up… it’s a cat and mouse game. ",{"data":27784,"content":27785,"nodeType":860},{},[27786,27790,27798,27802],{"data":27787,"marks":27788,"value":27789,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blue teamers have used the concept of the ",{"data":27791,"content":27793,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27792},"https://detect-respond.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-pyramid-of-pain.html",[27794],{"data":27795,"marks":27796,"value":15934,"nodeType":864},{},[27797],{"type":1455},{"data":27799,"marks":27800,"value":27801,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for over a decade. The logic is simple: ",{"data":27803,"marks":27804,"value":27806,"nodeType":864},{},[27805],{"type":899},"Focus on detecting and responding to indicators that are hard for attackers to change. ",{"data":27808,"content":27811,"nodeType":996},{"target":27809},{"sys":27810},{"id":24061,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":27813,"content":27814,"nodeType":860},{},[27815],{"data":27816,"marks":27817,"value":27818,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If an attacker only has to tweak a variable to get around your detection rule, like adding a space to change a hash value, it’s probably not a very good detection. It’s not going to remain effective for long and you’re always going to be one step behind the attacker – waiting for them to make their next move so you can react. This usually ends up meaning that attackers enjoy at least some success before they can be shut out again. ",{"data":27820,"content":27821,"nodeType":860},{},[27822],{"data":27823,"marks":27824,"value":27825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Pyramid of Pain – and the goal of implementing hard-to-bypass detections that hit attackers where it hurts – is central to our design philosophy. But before we get into how we apply this approach, and the types of controls we’ve created as a result, it’s useful to look at how IT and security have changed since the Pyramid was created more than a decade ago. ",{"data":27827,"content":27828,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27830,"content":27831,"nodeType":1009},{},[27832],{"data":27833,"marks":27834,"value":27835,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A new era for cyber security",{"data":27837,"content":27838,"nodeType":860},{},[27839,27843,27852],{"data":27840,"marks":27841,"value":27842,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve spoken a lot about how we’re in the midst of a new era in cybersecurity, in which identity is now the outermost digital perimeter for security teams to defend. (",{"data":27844,"content":27846,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27845},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/the-new-saas-cyber-kill-chain-so-con-2024/",[27847],{"data":27848,"marks":27849,"value":27851,"nodeType":864},{},[27850],{"type":1455},"You’ll be familiar with this if you’ve seen any of Luke’s talks on the New SaaS Cyber Kill Chain.",{"data":27853,"marks":27854,"value":27855,"nodeType":864},{},[],") ",{"data":27857,"content":27861,"nodeType":996},{"target":27858},{"sys":27859},{"id":27860,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6nYSZAYpsbj78jKm0q75zs",[],{"data":27863,"content":27864,"nodeType":860},{},[27865],{"data":27866,"marks":27867,"value":27868,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is primarily because modern working is no longer contained to a heavily centralized corporate network, and instead happens primarily in applications accessed over the internet via web browser.",{"data":27870,"content":27871,"nodeType":860},{},[27872,27876,27884,27888,27896,27900,27908],{"data":27873,"marks":27874,"value":27875,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this new world, attacks don’t even have to touch the old perimeters, because all the data and functionality they could want exists on the public internet. As a result, we’re seeing more and more ",{"data":27877,"content":27879,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27878},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/saas-attack-techniques/",[27880],{"data":27881,"marks":27882,"value":27883,"nodeType":864},{},[],"attacks targeting SaaS apps",{"data":27885,"marks":27886,"value":27887,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with the entire attack chain being concluded outside customer networks, not touching any traditional endpoints or networks. The ",{"data":27889,"content":27891,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27890},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024",[27892],{"data":27893,"marks":27894,"value":27895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"recent attacks on Snowflake customers",{"data":27897,"marks":27898,"value":27899,"nodeType":864},{},[],", hailed ",{"data":27901,"content":27903,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27902},"https://www.wired.com/story/snowflake-breach-advanced-auto-parts-lendingtree/",[27904],{"data":27905,"marks":27906,"value":27907,"nodeType":864},{},[],"one of the biggest breaches in history",{"data":27909,"marks":27910,"value":27911,"nodeType":864},{},[],", demonstrate this risk all too well. ",{"data":27913,"content":27914,"nodeType":860},{},[27915],{"data":27916,"marks":27917,"value":27918,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This creates a problem for security teams looking to detect and respond to these attacks. ",{"data":27920,"content":27921,"nodeType":1312},{},[27922],{"data":27923,"marks":27924,"value":27925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attacks today are shorter and faster, but just as dangerous",{"data":27927,"content":27928,"nodeType":860},{},[27929],{"data":27930,"marks":27931,"value":27932,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and responding to identity attacks – phishing, credential stuffing, etc. – used to be just one possible method of initial access in quite a lengthy Kill Chain that stretched from the compromise of the user device, pivoting to internal network resources, escalating privileges, moving laterally, and finally achieving their objectives.",{"data":27934,"content":27935,"nodeType":860},{},[27936],{"data":27937,"marks":27938,"value":27939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This meant that defenders could adopt an assumed compromise mentality and build layered detections, as well as proactively hunting for threats across these various stages and layers of the network. The more actions an attacker has to perform, the more opportunities for detection, and the higher the likelihood that they’ll be caught in the act before any real, lasting damage can be caused. ",{"data":27941,"content":27942,"nodeType":860},{},[27943],{"data":27944,"marks":27945,"value":27946,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Today, attackers have a lot of opportunities to cause significant damage for much less effort than before. For example, if the goal is to compromise an app like Snowflake and dump the data from it, the Kill Chain is way shorter than a traditional network-based attack. And all the great tools and security products you have, like EDR, don’t come into play. ",{"data":27948,"content":27949,"nodeType":860},{},[27950],{"data":27951,"marks":27952,"value":27953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means that the initial layer of anti-account takeover controls are much more important in this context. But, the historical detections in this space – email gateway security products, analyzing web pages for malicious content, and URL blocklisting – are either less relevant, or built upon easy to bypass detections toward the bottom of the Pyramid of Pain. ",{"data":27955,"content":27956,"nodeType":860},{},[27957,27961,27968],{"data":27958,"marks":27959,"value":27960,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As an example, ",{"data":27962,"content":27963,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[27964],{"data":27965,"marks":27966,"value":27967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"we recently published an article on all the ways that AitM phishing sites are evading detection",{"data":27969,"marks":27970,"value":27971,"nodeType":864},{},[],". TL;DR – there are a lot, and they seem to be quite effective. But this is partly because the majority of the detections they're trying to avoid are built on shaky ground.   ",{"data":27973,"content":27974,"nodeType":860},{},[27975],{"data":27976,"marks":27977,"value":27979,"nodeType":864},{},[27978],{"type":899},"So what? Well, it’s clear that the controls that the industry has relied on in the past to stop identity attacks are too easy to bypass, and are no longer sufficient. ",{"data":27981,"content":27982,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27984,"content":27985,"nodeType":1009},{},[27986],{"data":27987,"marks":27988,"value":27989,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Building effective identity threat detection controls",{"data":27991,"content":27992,"nodeType":860},{},[27993],{"data":27994,"marks":27995,"value":27996,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now we’ve covered the problem that we set out to solve, let’s look at what we’re doing differently. ",{"data":27998,"content":27999,"nodeType":860},{},[28000],{"data":28001,"marks":28002,"value":28003,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In order to climb the Pyramid toward the apex, you need to find ways to detect increasingly generic parts of an attack technique. So you want to avoid things like what a specific malware’s code looks like, or where it connects back to. But what the malware does, or what happens when it runs, is more generic, and therefore more interesting to us.  ",{"data":28005,"content":28006,"nodeType":860},{},[28007],{"data":28008,"marks":28009,"value":28010,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The shift from static code signatures and fuzzy hashes to dynamic analysis of what code does on a live system is at the heart of why EDR killed antivirus a decade ago. It proved at-scale the value of moving detections up the pyramid.",{"data":28012,"content":28013,"nodeType":860},{},[28014],{"data":28015,"marks":28016,"value":28017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re always on the lookout for ways to move our detections up the pyramid as well. It’s easiest to explain how we’ve applied this by looking at an example. ",{"data":28019,"content":28020,"nodeType":1312},{},[28021],{"data":28022,"marks":28023,"value":28024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scenario: Detecting a web-based phishing attack",{"data":28026,"content":28027,"nodeType":860},{},[28028],{"data":28029,"marks":28030,"value":28031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s break down the stages of a web-based phishing attack as an example. For a user to be successfully phished:",{"data":28033,"content":28034,"nodeType":941},{},[28035,28050,28065],{"data":28036,"content":28037,"nodeType":945},{},[28038],{"data":28039,"content":28040,"nodeType":860},{},[28041,28046],{"data":28042,"marks":28043,"value":28045,"nodeType":864},{},[28044],{"type":899},"Stage 1:",{"data":28047,"marks":28048,"value":28049,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The victim must be lured to visit a website.",{"data":28051,"content":28052,"nodeType":945},{},[28053],{"data":28054,"content":28055,"nodeType":860},{},[28056,28061],{"data":28057,"marks":28058,"value":28060,"nodeType":864},{},[28059],{"type":899},"Stage 2:",{"data":28062,"marks":28063,"value":28064,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The website must somehow trick or convince the user that it’s legitimate and trustworthy, for example by mimicking a legitimate site.",{"data":28066,"content":28067,"nodeType":945},{},[28068],{"data":28069,"content":28070,"nodeType":860},{},[28071,28076],{"data":28072,"marks":28073,"value":28075,"nodeType":864},{},[28074],{"type":899},"Stage 3:",{"data":28077,"marks":28078,"value":28079,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The user must enter their actual credentials into that website.",{"data":28081,"content":28082,"nodeType":860},{},[28083],{"data":28084,"marks":28085,"value":28086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, how might you go about detecting this attack? Let’s start from the bottom of the pyramid and work our way up.",{"data":28088,"content":28089,"nodeType":1312},{},[28090],{"data":28091,"marks":28092,"value":28093,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stage 1: Determining if a URL, IP, or domain is bad",{"data":28095,"content":28096,"nodeType":860},{},[28097],{"data":28098,"marks":28099,"value":28100,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might start by looking for the lure – historically an email. You could look for links in emails, or links in attachments in an email and then check if they are bad (which is essentially what email security products do). You could look for known-bad URLs in emails, but these change for every phishing campaign. In modern attacks, every target can receive a unique email and link. Even just using a URL shortener can bypass this. It’s equivalent to a malware hash – trivial to change, and therefore not a great thing to pin your detections on. ",{"data":28102,"content":28103,"nodeType":860},{},[28104,28108,28117],{"data":28105,"marks":28106,"value":28107,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You could look at which IP address the user connects to, but these days it’s very simple for attackers to add a new IP to their cloud-hosted server. If a domain is flagged as known-bad, the attacker only has to register a new domain, or compromise a WordPress server on an already trusted domain. Both of these things are ",{"data":28109,"content":28111,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28110},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/revolver-rabbit-gang-registers-500-000-domains-for-malware-campaigns/",[28112],{"data":28113,"marks":28114,"value":28116,"nodeType":864},{},[28115],{"type":1455},"happening on a massive scale",{"data":28118,"marks":28119,"value":28120,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as attackers pre-plan for the fact that their domains will be burned at some point. Attackers are more than happy to spend $10-$20 per new domain in the grand scheme of the potential proceeds of crime. ",{"data":28122,"content":28123,"nodeType":860},{},[28124],{"data":28125,"marks":28126,"value":28127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But there’s a more fundamental flaw here – for defenders to know that a URL, IP, or domain name is bad, it needs to be reported first. When are things reported? Typically after being used in an attack – so unfortunately, someone always gets hurt.  ",{"data":28129,"content":28130,"nodeType":1312},{},[28131],{"data":28132,"marks":28133,"value":28134,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stage 2: Determining if a site is legitimate",{"data":28136,"content":28137,"nodeType":860},{},[28138],{"data":28139,"marks":28140,"value":28141,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So how can we detect a phishing website, on day-zero, the first time anyone runs into it? Well we can look at the second step – does the URL resemble a real website, does the HTML code for a page look similar to a legitimate login page for a known website, is it loading the same image files? This is not trivial to detect, but with the right fuzzy matches and image analysis it can be automated.",{"data":28143,"content":28144,"nodeType":860},{},[28145],{"data":28146,"marks":28147,"value":28148,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve now moved up a level on the Pyramid – we’re detecting website artifacts. If we see a legitimate looking website on an unknown domain, it’s likely to be a malicious clone.",{"data":28150,"content":28151,"nodeType":860},{},[28152],{"data":28153,"marks":28154,"value":28155,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unfortunately, the attacker’s website doesn’t need to send each visitor to the same website. It can change dynamically based on where the visitor is coming from – or even randomly, so that not all visitors are served the phishing page. This means that tools which resolve where the links in emails go to be able to analyze them (such as email security appliances) don’t necessarily see the same site the user is actually visiting – a fact that is commonly abused by attackers to bypass detection. It’s critical that detection happens on the actual web page that the victim sees.",{"data":28157,"content":28158,"nodeType":1312},{},[28159],{"data":28160,"marks":28161,"value":28162,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stage 3: Detecting the user entering their credentials",{"data":28164,"content":28165,"nodeType":860},{},[28166],{"data":28167,"marks":28168,"value":28169,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For a phishing attack to succeed, the victim must enter their actual credentials into the webpage. If you can stop the user entering their real password, there’s no attack. There’s no getting around it. ",{"data":28171,"content":28172,"nodeType":860},{},[28173,28177,28184],{"data":28174,"marks":28175,"value":28176,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, this is exactly what we did: Earlier this year, we released a control which ",{"data":28178,"content":28179,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25066},[28180],{"data":28181,"marks":28182,"value":28183,"nodeType":864},{},[],"stops users from entering their password belonging to a particular login page anywhere else",{"data":28185,"marks":28186,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28188,"content":28189,"nodeType":860},{},[28190,28194,28201],{"data":28191,"marks":28192,"value":28193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Seems simple, right? By focusing on this generic action, that always has to happen, you can essentially stop your users being phished altogether. This means, it doesn’t matter ",{"data":28195,"content":28196,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[28197],{"data":28198,"marks":28199,"value":28200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"what the attacker does before that point",{"data":28202,"marks":28203,"value":24794,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28205,"content":28206,"nodeType":941},{},[28207,28217,28227,28237],{"data":28208,"content":28209,"nodeType":945},{},[28210],{"data":28211,"content":28212,"nodeType":860},{},[28213],{"data":28214,"marks":28215,"value":28216,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn't matter if they run the site using Cloudflare Workers to block automatic analysis.",{"data":28218,"content":28219,"nodeType":945},{},[28220],{"data":28221,"content":28222,"nodeType":860},{},[28223],{"data":28224,"marks":28225,"value":28226,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they hack a WordPress blog to get a reputable domain.",{"data":28228,"content":28229,"nodeType":945},{},[28230],{"data":28231,"content":28232,"nodeType":860},{},[28233],{"data":28234,"marks":28235,"value":28236,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they use clever redirects and rotate the URLs delivered to the user.",{"data":28238,"content":28239,"nodeType":945},{},[28240],{"data":28241,"content":28242,"nodeType":860},{},[28243],{"data":28244,"marks":28245,"value":28246,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they randomize the HTML title for the web page. ",{"data":28248,"content":28249,"nodeType":860},{},[28250],{"data":28251,"marks":28252,"value":28253,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They can’t avoid the fact that a user is required to enter their credentials on the page for the attack to succeed. ",{"data":28255,"content":28256,"nodeType":860},{},[28257],{"data":28258,"marks":28259,"value":28260,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, when you apply the Pyramid of Pain to some of the controls we’ve shipped this year, we get a clear feel for the value, from highest to lowest:",{"data":28262,"content":28263,"nodeType":941},{},[28264,28284,28304],{"data":28265,"content":28266,"nodeType":945},{},[28267],{"data":28268,"content":28269,"nodeType":860},{},[28270,28274,28281],{"data":28271,"marks":28272,"value":28273,"nodeType":864},{},[],"User Behavior: ",{"data":28275,"content":28276,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25066},[28277],{"data":28278,"marks":28279,"value":28280,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking the user behavior of entering their password into any site that the password doesn’t belong to",{"data":28282,"marks":28283,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28285,"content":28286,"nodeType":945},{},[28287],{"data":28288,"content":28289,"nodeType":860},{},[28290,28294,28301],{"data":28291,"marks":28292,"value":28293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tool Behavior: ",{"data":28295,"content":28296,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25596},[28297],{"data":28298,"marks":28299,"value":28300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting when a login page that you access is cloned from a legitimate page.",{"data":28302,"marks":28303,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28305,"content":28306,"nodeType":945},{},[28307],{"data":28308,"content":28309,"nodeType":860},{},[28310,28314,28321],{"data":28311,"marks":28312,"value":28313,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tool Signature: ",{"data":28315,"content":28316,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25545},[28317],{"data":28318,"marks":28319,"value":28320,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking access to a page with a known phishing kit signature present on the page",{"data":28322,"marks":28323,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28325,"content":28326,"nodeType":860},{},[28327],{"data":28328,"marks":28329,"value":28330,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Naturally, we want to continue focusing on the apex of the Pyramid – at TTPs and Tools – to ensure that the controls we build are as robust as possible, and can’t be bypassed by attackers. ",{"data":28332,"content":28333,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":28335,"content":28336,"nodeType":1009},{},[28337],{"data":28338,"marks":28339,"value":28340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The power of the Push browser agent",{"data":28342,"content":28343,"nodeType":860},{},[28344,28348,28353],{"data":28345,"marks":28346,"value":28347,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might ask: ",{"data":28349,"marks":28350,"value":28352,"nodeType":864},{},[28351],{"type":899},"If it’s so simple, why hasn’t this been done yet?",{"data":28354,"marks":28355,"value":28356,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Well, before now, there was no good way of doing it! Teams simply didn’t have tools in the right place to be able to capture the level of data needed, or respond effectively (i.e. automatically, at the point of impact). ",{"data":28358,"content":28359,"nodeType":860},{},[28360,28364,28372],{"data":28361,"marks":28362,"value":28363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where being in the browser comes into play. The browser is a great place to observe the behavior of a page in real time, without needing to reconstruct decrypted HTTP data post-TLS termination and try to guess what the rendered page in all its Javascript-infused glory actually does, ",{"data":28365,"content":28367,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28366},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension/",[28368],{"data":28369,"marks":28370,"value":28371,"nodeType":864},{},[],"as we’ve blogged about previously",{"data":28373,"marks":28374,"value":28375,"nodeType":864},{},[],". As we’ve seen through the ability to not only detect but prevent phishing attacks, it’s also a great control enforcement point, as you’re able to intercept the user at the point of impact, and you sit as closely as possible to where their work typically happens – in the browser. ",{"data":28377,"content":28378,"nodeType":860},{},[28379],{"data":28380,"marks":28381,"value":28382,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To illustrate how crucial the browser is to implementing controls that sit at the apex of the Pyramid of Pain, we created a modified version designed specifically for identity attacks. ",{"data":28384,"content":28388,"nodeType":996},{"target":28385},{"sys":28386},{"id":28387,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"HrK2xQak6KfjInDbeSgv8",[],{"data":28390,"content":28394,"nodeType":996},{"target":28391},{"sys":28392},{"id":28393,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7kLilJ8Y08smUI9ttM3BSO",[],{"data":28396,"content":28397,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":28399,"content":28400,"nodeType":1009},{},[28401],{"data":28402,"marks":28403,"value":24988,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28405,"content":28406,"nodeType":860},{},[28407],{"data":28408,"marks":28409,"value":28410,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hopefully, this blog post has shone a light on why we do things the way we do here at Push. The goal of building generic detections that are difficult, painful, and costly for attackers to bypass is a key part of our design strategy, and we look forward to sharing many more controls with you that demonstrate this in the future.","Our design philosophy: Detecting what matters","This is the first blog in a short series we’re putting together about the ‘why’ behind the ‘what’ at Push. This entry is focused on threat detection. ","2024-08-05T00:00:00.000Z","our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters",{"items":28416},[28417,28419],{"sys":28418,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":28420,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"items":28422},[28423],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":28424},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":28426,"content":28428,"title":29215,"synopsis":29216,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":29217,"slug":29218,"tagsCollection":29219,"authorsCollection":29227},{"id":28427},"20FcoPvHu7zXkTQyv9MmK0",{"json":28429},{"data":28430,"content":28431,"nodeType":856},{},[28432,28438,28445,28497,28504,28511,28526,28533,28540,28624,28631,28637,28644,28651,28666,28673,28680,28703,28726,28732,28752,28758,28765,28795,28802,28809,28815,28833,28840,28847,28854,28861,28867,28885,28892,28899,28906,28913,28919,28938,28944,28951,28957,28975,28982,28989,28996,29044,29051,29122,29137,29143,29150,29157,29164,29171,29189,29196],{"data":28433,"content":28437,"nodeType":996},{"target":28434},{"sys":28435},{"id":28436,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7rud2H1hcTAOhxh9zHzxP6",[],{"data":28439,"content":28440,"nodeType":860},{},[28441],{"data":28442,"marks":28443,"value":28444,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If someone asked you where you work, you probably wouldn’t answer, “My browser.” But that would be the truth.",{"data":28446,"content":28447,"nodeType":860},{},[28448,28452,28460,28463,28471,28474,28482,28485,28493],{"data":28449,"marks":28450,"value":28451,"nodeType":864},{},[],"(Threat actors already know where you work, of course, and they’ve been capitalizing on the massive shift to cloud-based workforces. Just look at any of the ",{"data":28453,"content":28455,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28454},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/global-threat-report/",[28456],{"data":28457,"marks":28458,"value":28459,"nodeType":864},{},[],"latest",{"data":28461,"marks":28462,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28464,"content":28466,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28465},"https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/techniques/cloud-accounts/",[28467],{"data":28468,"marks":28469,"value":28470,"nodeType":864},{},[],"threat",{"data":28472,"marks":28473,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28475,"content":28477,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28476},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/",[28478],{"data":28479,"marks":28480,"value":28481,"nodeType":864},{},[],"research",{"data":28483,"marks":28484,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28486,"content":28488,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28487},"https://www.lab539.com/blog/6-months-tracking-aitm-campaigns",[28489],{"data":28490,"marks":28491,"value":28492,"nodeType":864},{},[],"reports",{"data":28494,"marks":28495,"value":28496,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on identity-based attacks to see how good a job they’ve been doing.)",{"data":28498,"content":28499,"nodeType":860},{},[28500],{"data":28501,"marks":28502,"value":28503,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To get visibility of your infrastructure in order to build a strong detection and response program, the equation used to look something like:",{"data":28505,"content":28506,"nodeType":860},{},[28507],{"data":28508,"marks":28509,"value":28510,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Network traffic + Logs + Endpoints = Profit!",{"data":28512,"content":28513,"nodeType":860},{},[28514,28518,28523],{"data":28515,"marks":28516,"value":28517,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But now there’s a missing piece, as identity infrastructure sprawls across IdPs, core apps, shadow SaaS and third-party integrations: ",{"data":28519,"marks":28520,"value":28522,"nodeType":864},{},[28521],{"type":899},"Browser telemetry",{"data":28524,"marks":28525,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28527,"content":28528,"nodeType":860},{},[28529],{"data":28530,"marks":28531,"value":28532,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a browser agent, Push is uniquely positioned to provide telemetry you can’t easily get anywhere else. We believe that this missing piece is the key to stopping identity attacks by providing the context both for first-class detections and security controls, as well as key correlations for events you observe in traditional log sources.",{"data":28534,"content":28535,"nodeType":860},{},[28536],{"data":28537,"marks":28538,"value":28539,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now we have a better way to bring Push’s data to life to solve meaningful security challenges:",{"data":28541,"content":28542,"nodeType":941},{},[28543,28573],{"data":28544,"content":28545,"nodeType":945},{},[28546],{"data":28547,"content":28548,"nodeType":860},{},[28549,28554,28558,28569],{"data":28550,"marks":28551,"value":28553,"nodeType":864},{},[28552],{"type":899},"Plug-and-play security controls",{"data":28555,"marks":28556,"value":28557,"nodeType":864},{},[],", accessible from the new ",{"data":28559,"content":28563,"nodeType":15592},{"target":28560},{"sys":28561},{"id":28562,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"BtDLgVZRWQ3Ov4WgDQX1W",[28564],{"data":28565,"marks":28566,"value":28568,"nodeType":864},{},[28567],{"type":899},"Controls",{"data":28570,"marks":28571,"value":28572,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page in the Push platform",{"data":28574,"content":28575,"nodeType":945},{},[28576],{"data":28577,"content":28578,"nodeType":860},{},[28579,28584,28588,28596,28599,28607,28611,28620],{"data":28580,"marks":28581,"value":28583,"nodeType":864},{},[28582],{"type":899},"Choose-your-own-adventure tooling",{"data":28585,"marks":28586,"value":28587,"nodeType":864},{},[],", including a ",{"data":28589,"content":28591,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28590},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/rest-v1/",[28592],{"data":28593,"marks":28594,"value":28595,"nodeType":864},{},[],"REST API",{"data":28597,"marks":28598,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28600,"content":28602,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28601},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/webhooks-v1/",[28603],{"data":28604,"marks":28605,"value":28606,"nodeType":864},{},[],"webhooks",{"data":28608,"marks":28609,"value":28610,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and a new ",{"data":28612,"content":28614,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28613},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/#using-the-events-page",[28615],{"data":28616,"marks":28617,"value":28619,"nodeType":864},{},[28618],{"type":899},"Events",{"data":28621,"marks":28622,"value":28623,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page to help you visualize and build custom detections and automations.",{"data":28625,"content":28626,"nodeType":860},{},[28627],{"data":28628,"marks":28629,"value":28630,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look.",{"data":28632,"content":28636,"nodeType":996},{"target":28633},{"sys":28634},{"id":28635,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6iKFd9Qys2SSuNqKVQB7ka",[],{"data":28638,"content":28639,"nodeType":1009},{},[28640],{"data":28641,"marks":28642,"value":28643,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Plug-and-play controls",{"data":28645,"content":28646,"nodeType":860},{},[28647],{"data":28648,"marks":28649,"value":28650,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security visibility without security control is a recipe for a stress headache, so we’re big believers in providing meaningful interventions that are easy to use.",{"data":28652,"content":28653,"nodeType":860},{},[28654,28658,28662],{"data":28655,"marks":28656,"value":28657,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With the new ",{"data":28659,"marks":28660,"value":28568,"nodeType":864},{},[28661],{"type":899},{"data":28663,"marks":28664,"value":28665,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page in the Push admin console, you can now find these preconfigured detections and interventions in one place. They cover use cases that any organization can benefit from, and take a unique browser-based approach to solving some thorny issues.",{"data":28667,"content":28668,"nodeType":860},{},[28669],{"data":28670,"marks":28671,"value":28672,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These controls include:",{"data":28674,"content":28675,"nodeType":1312},{},[28676],{"data":28677,"marks":28678,"value":28679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing tool detection",{"data":28681,"content":28682,"nodeType":860},{},[28683,28687,28692,28695,28700],{"data":28684,"marks":28685,"value":28686,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detect and block when employees visit webpages that use advanced phishing tools such as Evilginx or EvilNoVNC, among others. These adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) toolkits can mimic legitimate login screens, such as an Okta login page, to steal ",{"data":28688,"marks":28689,"value":28691,"nodeType":864},{},[28690],{"type":899},"credentials",{"data":28693,"marks":28694,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28696,"marks":28697,"value":28699,"nodeType":864},{},[28698],{"type":899},"MFA codes",{"data":28701,"marks":28702,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28704,"content":28705,"nodeType":860},{},[28706,28710,28714,28718,28722],{"data":28707,"marks":28708,"value":28709,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push emits a webhook event when the browser agent detects attributes of these malware. You can also set Push to ",{"data":28711,"marks":28712,"value":1503,"nodeType":864},{},[28713],{"type":899},{"data":28715,"marks":28716,"value":28717,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or ",{"data":28719,"marks":28720,"value":1397,"nodeType":864},{},[28721],{"type":899},{"data":28723,"marks":28724,"value":28725,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode to display a customizable message to end-users when they encounter a phishing site.",{"data":28727,"content":28731,"nodeType":996},{"target":28728},{"sys":28729},{"id":28730,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2ylIkR0JXHkFStGuCFRjlN",[],{"data":28733,"content":28734,"nodeType":860},{},[28735,28739,28749],{"data":28736,"marks":28737,"value":28738,"nodeType":864},{},[],"More about ",{"data":28740,"content":28744,"nodeType":15592},{"target":28741},{"sys":28742},{"id":28743,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7KRnTSnJAbbiho69gNyN0B",[28745],{"data":28746,"marks":28747,"value":28748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"phishing tool detection",{"data":28750,"marks":28751,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28753,"content":28754,"nodeType":1312},{},[28755],{"data":28756,"marks":28757,"value":25357,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28759,"content":28760,"nodeType":860},{},[28761],{"data":28762,"marks":28763,"value":28764,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent employees from reusing their corporate SSO password on any page that doesn’t belong to the identity provider, including phishing sites. This means that even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site, Push still detects it and blocks it.",{"data":28766,"content":28767,"nodeType":860},{},[28768,28772,28776,28779,28783,28787,28791],{"data":28769,"marks":28770,"value":28771,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Customize the message that end-users see in ",{"data":28773,"marks":28774,"value":1503,"nodeType":864},{},[28775],{"type":899},{"data":28777,"marks":28778,"value":28717,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28780,"marks":28781,"value":1397,"nodeType":864},{},[28782],{"type":899},{"data":28784,"marks":28785,"value":28786,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode, or start out in ",{"data":28788,"marks":28789,"value":1334,"nodeType":864},{},[28790],{"type":899},{"data":28792,"marks":28793,"value":28794,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode to catch any false positives before you enforce the control.",{"data":28796,"content":28797,"nodeType":860},{},[28798],{"data":28799,"marks":28800,"value":28801,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This feature supports the following identity providers: Okta, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, JumpCloud, Duo, and Ping Identity.",{"data":28803,"content":28804,"nodeType":860},{},[28805],{"data":28806,"marks":28807,"value":28808,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push will also emit a webhook event when an SSO password is used, and if an employee clicks through the warning screen.",{"data":28810,"content":28814,"nodeType":996},{"target":28811},{"sys":28812},{"id":28813,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"25c8M2gWYFST7yYxGEji2s",[],{"data":28816,"content":28817,"nodeType":860},{},[28818,28821,28830],{"data":28819,"marks":28820,"value":28738,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28822,"content":28826,"nodeType":15592},{"target":28823},{"sys":28824},{"id":28825,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6FYHbkcRUrtznPo7RarRsz",[28827],{"data":28828,"marks":28829,"value":25357,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28831,"marks":28832,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28834,"content":28835,"nodeType":1312},{},[28836],{"data":28837,"marks":28838,"value":28839,"nodeType":864},{},[],"URL blocking",{"data":28841,"content":28842,"nodeType":860},{},[28843],{"data":28844,"marks":28845,"value":28846,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When you find malicious sites you want to block, such as when responding to a phishing incident, add them to a blocklist and prevent other employees from accessing those sites. ",{"data":28848,"content":28849,"nodeType":860},{},[28850],{"data":28851,"marks":28852,"value":28853,"nodeType":864},{},[],"URL blocking can be used in tandem with Push’s anti-phishing controls, so that as you discover malicious sites, you can block them from a central blocklist. This offers a kind of herd immunity where you can block other users from visiting a malicious site as soon as you have a single incident.",{"data":28855,"content":28856,"nodeType":860},{},[28857],{"data":28858,"marks":28859,"value":28860,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can programmatically manage the blocklist using the Push REST API or sync to other threat intelligence sources you consume.",{"data":28862,"content":28866,"nodeType":996},{"target":28863},{"sys":28864},{"id":28865,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3m00cFiUDAnddsOBOpkeiZ",[],{"data":28868,"content":28869,"nodeType":860},{},[28870,28873,28882],{"data":28871,"marks":28872,"value":28738,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28874,"content":28878,"nodeType":15592},{"target":28875},{"sys":28876},{"id":28877,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"P0coHgQAdRL0YTu4Rwd4z",[28879],{"data":28880,"marks":28881,"value":28839,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28883,"marks":28884,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28886,"content":28887,"nodeType":1312},{},[28888],{"data":28889,"marks":28890,"value":28891,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Session token theft detection",{"data":28893,"content":28894,"nodeType":860},{},[28895],{"data":28896,"marks":28897,"value":28898,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Inject a unique marker provided by the Push browser agent into the User Agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. ",{"data":28900,"content":28901,"nodeType":860},{},[28902],{"data":28903,"marks":28904,"value":28905,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By analyzing logs from your IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":28907,"content":28908,"nodeType":860},{},[28909],{"data":28910,"marks":28911,"value":28912,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a session token has been stolen and is being used.",{"data":28914,"content":28918,"nodeType":996},{"target":28915},{"sys":28916},{"id":28917,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"43rk3TCqN269Vr2YWT4llP",[],{"data":28920,"content":28921,"nodeType":860},{},[28922,28925,28935],{"data":28923,"marks":28924,"value":28738,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28926,"content":28930,"nodeType":15592},{"target":28927},{"sys":28928},{"id":28929,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1UMZdjyNQt4Y7NBb2wuK4L",[28931],{"data":28932,"marks":28933,"value":28934,"nodeType":864},{},[],"session token theft detection",{"data":28936,"marks":28937,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28939,"content":28940,"nodeType":1312},{},[28941],{"data":28942,"marks":28943,"value":1366,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28945,"content":28946,"nodeType":860},{},[28947],{"data":28948,"marks":28949,"value":28950,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Add guardrails to employees’ use of SaaS apps with in-browser app banner messages you customize with your own text. You can require users to acknowledge having read a message before they can access an app, or even require them to submit a reason for using an app before they can log in.",{"data":28952,"content":28956,"nodeType":996},{"target":28953},{"sys":28954},{"id":28955,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5nEKTBz6mauHI5mg8jB4ea",[],{"data":28958,"content":28959,"nodeType":860},{},[28960,28963,28972],{"data":28961,"marks":28962,"value":28738,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28964,"content":28968,"nodeType":15592},{"target":28965},{"sys":28966},{"id":28967,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2ZpKnuljaUH0jzVaae4SMN",[28969],{"data":28970,"marks":28971,"value":26153,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28973,"marks":28974,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28976,"content":28977,"nodeType":1009},{},[28978],{"data":28979,"marks":28980,"value":28981,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Choose your own adventure",{"data":28983,"content":28984,"nodeType":860},{},[28985],{"data":28986,"marks":28987,"value":28988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Want to do something creative? We've got you covered. Push provides a wealth of raw telemetry via the Push REST API and webhook events. Use this data to build both proactive and reactive security operations workflows, or add missing context to other sources, such as your IdP, application, or endpoint logs.",{"data":28990,"content":28991,"nodeType":860},{},[28992],{"data":28993,"marks":28994,"value":28995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can use this browser telemetry to:",{"data":28997,"content":28998,"nodeType":941},{},[28999,29014,29029],{"data":29000,"content":29001,"nodeType":945},{},[29002],{"data":29003,"content":29004,"nodeType":860},{},[29005,29010],{"data":29006,"marks":29007,"value":29009,"nodeType":864},{},[29008],{"type":899},"Harden identities and reduce account compromise",{"data":29011,"marks":29012,"value":29013,"nodeType":864},{},[],", such as alerting you when passwords are identified in public data breaches or when employees are using an unapproved app or when an SSO app is accessed via local account.",{"data":29015,"content":29016,"nodeType":945},{},[29017],{"data":29018,"content":29019,"nodeType":860},{},[29020,29025],{"data":29021,"marks":29022,"value":29024,"nodeType":864},{},[29023],{"type":899},"Monitor for suspicious activity or high-risk changes",{"data":29026,"marks":29027,"value":29028,"nodeType":864},{},[],", such as checking for MFA method changes, or flagging when employees reuse corporate SSO passwords or visit sites running phishing malware.",{"data":29030,"content":29031,"nodeType":945},{},[29032],{"data":29033,"content":29034,"nodeType":860},{},[29035,29040],{"data":29036,"marks":29037,"value":29039,"nodeType":864},{},[29038],{"type":899},"Investigate indicators of compromise",{"data":29041,"marks":29042,"value":29043,"nodeType":864},{},[],", such as correlating login events with platform logs, searching for recent signups to risky apps, or identifying post-compromise lateral movement opportunities.",{"data":29045,"content":29046,"nodeType":860},{},[29047],{"data":29048,"marks":29049,"value":29050,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the “make my life easier” category, you can also use Push telemetry to:",{"data":29052,"content":29053,"nodeType":941},{},[29054,29073,29092,29107],{"data":29055,"content":29056,"nodeType":945},{},[29057],{"data":29058,"content":29059,"nodeType":860},{},[29060,29064,29069],{"data":29061,"marks":29062,"value":29063,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automate a workflow ",{"data":29065,"marks":29066,"value":29068,"nodeType":864},{},[29067],{"type":899},"showing you all the accounts and apps used by an offboarded employee",{"data":29070,"marks":29071,"value":29072,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and their account login methods.",{"data":29074,"content":29075,"nodeType":945},{},[29076],{"data":29077,"content":29078,"nodeType":860},{},[29079,29083,29088],{"data":29080,"marks":29081,"value":29082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automate a workflow to",{"data":29084,"marks":29085,"value":29087,"nodeType":864},{},[29086],{"type":899}," revoke licenses on SaaS after a period of inactivity",{"data":29089,"marks":29090,"value":29091,"nodeType":864},{},[],", saving money.",{"data":29093,"content":29094,"nodeType":945},{},[29095],{"data":29096,"content":29097,"nodeType":860},{},[29098,29103],{"data":29099,"marks":29100,"value":29102,"nodeType":864},{},[29101],{"type":899},"Build an approved apps list in your company wiki",{"data":29104,"marks":29105,"value":29106,"nodeType":864},{},[],", synced from Push’s source of truth.",{"data":29108,"content":29109,"nodeType":945},{},[29110],{"data":29111,"content":29112,"nodeType":860},{},[29113,29118],{"data":29114,"marks":29115,"value":29117,"nodeType":864},{},[29116],{"type":899},"Force-reset an IdP password if Push finds a compromised password",{"data":29119,"marks":29120,"value":29121,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on an employee account.",{"data":29123,"content":29124,"nodeType":860},{},[29125,29129,29133],{"data":29126,"marks":29127,"value":29128,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To help you visualize and plan how you will use this telemetry, Push also provides an ",{"data":29130,"marks":29131,"value":28619,"nodeType":864},{},[29132],{"type":899},{"data":29134,"marks":29135,"value":29136,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page in the admin console with a rolling 7-day snapshot of all the events in your environment.",{"data":29138,"content":29142,"nodeType":996},{"target":29139},{"sys":29140},{"id":29141,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2a3bJ5sN8dJ0c1kQtZiag7",[],{"data":29144,"content":29145,"nodeType":860},{},[29146],{"data":29147,"marks":29148,"value":29149,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Events page can help you see real-world examples, understand the attributes of each event, and gauge event volume before you ingest data into a SIEM or other platform.",{"data":29151,"content":29152,"nodeType":1009},{},[29153],{"data":29154,"marks":29155,"value":29156,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What if you don’t have a SIEM?",{"data":29158,"content":29159,"nodeType":860},{},[29160],{"data":29161,"marks":29162,"value":29163,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While you’d need a SIEM for writing detections and performing log correlations, you can still get a lot of value out of Push telemetry if you don’t have one.",{"data":29165,"content":29166,"nodeType":860},{},[29167],{"data":29168,"marks":29169,"value":29170,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use Push’s webhook events to send alerts directly to your Slack, Teams, or other chat platform, or build workflows that hook into your ticketing system or SOAR platform.",{"data":29172,"content":29173,"nodeType":860},{},[29174,29178,29185],{"data":29175,"marks":29176,"value":29177,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Review our ",{"data":29179,"content":29180,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28601},[29181],{"data":29182,"marks":29183,"value":29184,"nodeType":864},{},[],"webhooks documentation",{"data":29186,"marks":29187,"value":29188,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for a list of events.",{"data":29190,"content":29191,"nodeType":1009},{},[29192],{"data":29193,"marks":29194,"value":29195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Find out more",{"data":29197,"content":29198,"nodeType":860},{},[29199,29203,29211],{"data":29200,"marks":29201,"value":29202,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to see Push in action, ",{"data":29204,"content":29206,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29205},"/demo/",[29207],{"data":29208,"marks":29209,"value":29210,"nodeType":864},{},[],"book a demo",{"data":29212,"marks":29213,"value":29214,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you these features, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using — even the ones not behind SSO.","Introducing set-and-forget controls that stop real-world identity attacks","Enable detections and interventions in the browser using Push’s new security controls.","2024-07-02T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-set-and-forget-controls-that-stop-real-world-identity-attacks",{"items":29220},[29221,29225],{"sys":29222,"name":29224},{"id":29223},"5jk0kqjSdSK2L0YiistQjY","Release notes",{"sys":29226,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":29228},[29229],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":29230},{"url":853},"how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2","blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2",{"json":29234},{"data":29235,"content":29236,"nodeType":856},{},[29237,29244],{"data":29238,"content":29239,"nodeType":860},{},[29240],{"data":29241,"marks":29242,"value":29243,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In our previous blog post, we looked at a range of techniques used by phishing kits to evade detection, implemented by a then-recent instance of the NakedPages AiTM phishing kit. Here, we’ll take a closer look at some of the more interesting techniques used by current phishing kits to break common login page detection signatures. ",{"data":29245,"content":29246,"nodeType":860},{},[29247],{"data":29248,"marks":29249,"value":15470,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How attackers are breaking detection signatures designed to identify phishing sites impersonating real login pages.",{"id":29252,"publishedAt":29253},"6XHbplcolYfUeAB6x3olYQ","2026-08-12T11:54:50.564Z",{"items":29255},[29256,29258],{"sys":29257,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":29259,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"items":29261},[29262,29264,29266,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29278],{"sys":29263,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":29265,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":29267,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":29269,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":29271,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":29273,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":29275,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":29277,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":29279,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},"mBw6KFkL8uQvNM18TXMZw1KGKiR81Kb3ExSsXInYrkM",{"id":29282,"title":29283,"authorsCollection":29284,"content":29289,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":30159,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":30161,"metaTitle":30162,"ogImage":30163,"postType":6304,"publishedDate":30165,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":30166,"slug":33051,"stem":33052,"subtitle":59,"summary":33053,"synopsis":33064,"sys":33065,"tagsCollection":33068,"topicsCollection":33074,"__hash__":33104},"blog/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-threat-detection.json","Shifting detection left for more effective threat detection",{"items":29285},[29286],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"socialLinks":29287,"profilePicture":29288},[11832],{"url":2740},{"json":29290,"links":30107},{"data":29291,"content":29292,"nodeType":856},{},[29293,29300,29307,29314,29320,29328,29335,29341,29348,29354,29361,29369,29376,29382,29389,29421,29428,29435,29468,29476,29483,29491,29499,29506,29513,29532,29539,29546,29553,29561,29568,29575,29608,29615,29668,29675,29682,29690,29697,29704,29711,29719,29726,29749,29756,29804,29811,29817,29824,29867,29874,29882,29889,29896,29927,29935,29942,29948,29955,29961,29968,29974,29981,30061,30068,30075,30082,30100],{"data":29294,"content":29295,"nodeType":860},{},[29296],{"data":29297,"marks":29298,"value":29299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As an industry, we’ve been conditioned to think about threat detection and response as something that happens post-compromise. Best practice has formed around resources like the Cyber Kill Chain and the MITRE ATT&CK Framework which focus on detecting indicators of an attacker presence on your network, and their behaviors and actions as they move through it.",{"data":29301,"content":29302,"nodeType":860},{},[29303],{"data":29304,"marks":29305,"value":29306,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But with the shift to identity attacks, where attackers look to take over accounts on internet-facing apps and services, relying on an assumed compromise approach to detection is becoming less reliable. The most significant breaches of the last 12-18 months have been the result of browser-based attacks where an attacker has taken over an account, exfiltrated data… and that’s it. ",{"data":29308,"content":29309,"nodeType":860},{},[29310],{"data":29311,"marks":29312,"value":29313,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This change means that the typical methods of post-compromise detection and response become much less viable. So, we’re going to talk a bit about what’s changed, why controls are failing, and what we’re doing here at Push to address the detection gaps. ",{"data":29315,"content":29319,"nodeType":996},{"target":29316},{"sys":29317},{"id":29318,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4179AY8ZEIJ3Ce9jszn4fA",[],{"data":29321,"content":29322,"nodeType":1009},{},[29323],{"data":29324,"marks":29325,"value":29327,"nodeType":864},{},[29326],{"type":899},"The good old days",{"data":29329,"content":29330,"nodeType":860},{},[29331],{"data":29332,"marks":29333,"value":29334,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Over the previous decade the typical attack paths, and the controls that have formed around it, have become very familiar to SecOps teams. ",{"data":29336,"content":29340,"nodeType":996},{"target":29337},{"sys":29338},{"id":29339,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4AOzwBGuNkXXogyqy46ki5",[],{"data":29342,"content":29343,"nodeType":860},{},[29344],{"data":29345,"marks":29346,"value":29347,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even with the more recent transition to enterprise cloud and hybrid networking, the broad offensive logic of “land and expand” remains. This has seen the typical view of a network-based attack path simply expand to add first enterprise cloud, and then SaaS to the picture. ",{"data":29349,"content":29353,"nodeType":996},{"target":29350},{"sys":29351},{"id":29352,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2J3s38YOVcMuJuTdryhERA",[],{"data":29355,"content":29356,"nodeType":860},{},[29357],{"data":29358,"marks":29359,"value":29360,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And while this sort of attack path is theoretically possible, what happens in reality looks quite different. ",{"data":29362,"content":29363,"nodeType":1009},{},[29364],{"data":29365,"marks":29366,"value":29368,"nodeType":864},{},[29367],{"type":899},"The new world",{"data":29370,"content":29371,"nodeType":860},{},[29372],{"data":29373,"marks":29374,"value":29375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of needing to progress through the network, moving laterally, elevating privileges, etc. modern account takeover tends to take a much more direct approach. ",{"data":29377,"content":29381,"nodeType":996},{"target":29378},{"sys":29379},{"id":29380,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6wIzMu3jBhaas9jtpV48bz",[],{"data":29383,"content":29384,"nodeType":860},{},[29385],{"data":29386,"marks":29387,"value":29388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s a common misconception that SaaS compromise typically comes after the traditional attack chain (a myth largely promoted by old-school consultancy providers, MSSPs, and managed SOC providers). There’s no need for an attacker looking to take over a SaaS account to target the network first – and many organizations today simply no longer have a network in the conventional sense.  ",{"data":29390,"content":29391,"nodeType":860},{},[29392,29396,29404,29408,29417],{"data":29393,"marks":29394,"value":29395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t to say that there aren’t examples of longer SaaS compromises involving lateral movement from SaaS to SaaS, or SaaS to cloud (",{"data":29397,"content":29398,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20791},[29399],{"data":29400,"marks":29401,"value":29403,"nodeType":864},{},[29402],{"type":1455},"we created a whole attack matrix demonstrating the art of the possible here",{"data":29405,"marks":29406,"value":29407,"nodeType":864},{},[],"). Equally, there are examples of very short and direct attacks in enterprise cloud environments leading to ransomware deployment (for example, ",{"data":29409,"content":29411,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29410},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/mgm-casinos-esxi-servers-allegedly-encrypted-in-ransomware-attack/",[29412],{"data":29413,"marks":29414,"value":29416,"nodeType":864},{},[29415],{"type":1455},"Scattered Spider turning an initial account takeover in Okta into a full-scale VMware ESXi ransomware compromise",{"data":29418,"marks":29419,"value":29420,"nodeType":864},{},[],"). ",{"data":29422,"content":29423,"nodeType":860},{},[29424],{"data":29425,"marks":29426,"value":29427,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But statistically, the average network or enterprise cloud attack involves much more complex lateral movement, privilege escalation, and defense evasion than the average SaaS attack path. ",{"data":29429,"content":29430,"nodeType":860},{},[29431],{"data":29432,"marks":29433,"value":29434,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Snowflake attack path is a useful case study here: ",{"data":29436,"content":29437,"nodeType":941},{},[29438,29448,29458],{"data":29439,"content":29440,"nodeType":945},{},[29441],{"data":29442,"content":29443,"nodeType":860},{},[29444],{"data":29445,"marks":29446,"value":29447,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers logged into the Snowflake tenant of ~165 organizations using stolen credentials to access user accounts via the web-based ‘SnowSight’ portal. ",{"data":29449,"content":29450,"nodeType":945},{},[29451],{"data":29452,"content":29453,"nodeType":860},{},[29454],{"data":29455,"marks":29456,"value":29457,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To take advantage of the many exposed accounts, the attacker created a utility performing account takeover and recon at-scale. ",{"data":29459,"content":29460,"nodeType":945},{},[29461],{"data":29462,"content":29463,"nodeType":860},{},[29464],{"data":29465,"marks":29466,"value":29467,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack finished with the attacker executing the same set of SQL commands across customer instances to stage and exfiltrate data. ",{"data":29469,"content":29470,"nodeType":860},{},[29471],{"data":29472,"marks":29473,"value":29475,"nodeType":864},{},[29474],{"type":899},"And that’s it. ",{"data":29477,"content":29478,"nodeType":860},{},[29479],{"data":29480,"marks":29481,"value":29482,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since these attacks happen in-app, to be able to detect and intercept them you’d need deep app-level telemetry, and probably the ability to automate any containment and response activities. But unfortunately…",{"data":29484,"content":29485,"nodeType":1009},{},[29486],{"data":29487,"marks":29488,"value":29490,"nodeType":864},{},[29489],{"type":899},"Detecting and responding after account takeover is really, really difficult",{"data":29492,"content":29493,"nodeType":1312},{},[29494],{"data":29495,"marks":29496,"value":29498,"nodeType":864},{},[29497],{"type":899},"Limited log data ",{"data":29500,"content":29501,"nodeType":860},{},[29502],{"data":29503,"marks":29504,"value":29505,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first challenge is that in-app malicious activity is mostly indistinguishable from legitimate user behavior. Even mass data exfiltration might appear legitimate depending on what the app is used for!",{"data":29507,"content":29508,"nodeType":860},{},[29509],{"data":29510,"marks":29511,"value":29512,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To meaningfully detect malicious activity in-app, for starters you would need visibility of user behavior and actions. Unfortunately, you don’t have this. ",{"data":29514,"content":29515,"nodeType":860},{},[29516,29520,29528],{"data":29517,"marks":29518,"value":29519,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve previously discussed in detail why ",{"data":29521,"content":29522,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28366},[29523],{"data":29524,"marks":29525,"value":29527,"nodeType":864},{},[29526],{"type":1455},"log sources like network (web proxy), IdP, and app logs fall short",{"data":29529,"marks":29530,"value":29531,"nodeType":864},{},[]," when it comes to identity attacks, but the TL;DR is that most applications provide extremely limited security logging (if they provide it at all). ",{"data":29533,"content":29534,"nodeType":860},{},[29535],{"data":29536,"marks":29537,"value":29538,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When logs are available, you’re limited to the events that the third-party deems suitable to log. Out of the 100 most popular apps we see across our customers, and perhaps the few dozen or so that are security critical, only a small handful provide any useful logging. So extremely risky actions, like cloning a private GitHub repo, or downloading SharePoint files via ‘open in app’ or file syncing, don’t generate any logs at all. ",{"data":29540,"content":29541,"nodeType":860},{},[29542],{"data":29543,"marks":29544,"value":29545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Further, the lack of out-of-the-box connectors for many apps means that complex custom architectures are often required for ingestion.",{"data":29547,"content":29548,"nodeType":860},{},[29549],{"data":29550,"marks":29551,"value":29552,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, even if logs are available and you’re able to ingest them into your SIEM, there’s no guarantee that the telemetry available will contribute to any meaningful detection of malicious activity. ",{"data":29554,"content":29555,"nodeType":1312},{},[29556],{"data":29557,"marks":29558,"value":29560,"nodeType":864},{},[29559],{"type":899},"Limited response capabilities",{"data":29562,"content":29563,"nodeType":860},{},[29564],{"data":29565,"marks":29566,"value":29567,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By some miracle, you’ve detected an account takeover. Now what?",{"data":29569,"content":29570,"nodeType":860},{},[29571],{"data":29572,"marks":29573,"value":29574,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The ability to respond to an attack is dictated by the controls that are available to the security team. Unfortunately:",{"data":29576,"content":29577,"nodeType":941},{},[29578,29588,29598],{"data":29579,"content":29580,"nodeType":945},{},[29581],{"data":29582,"content":29583,"nodeType":860},{},[29584],{"data":29585,"marks":29586,"value":29587,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Depending on the app and how it was adopted, there’s no guarantee that you have admin rights. ",{"data":29589,"content":29590,"nodeType":945},{},[29591],{"data":29592,"content":29593,"nodeType":860},{},[29594],{"data":29595,"marks":29596,"value":29597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not guaranteed that admins will have the required security features available to them, like forcing a logout on a session or disabling an account (you may not even know who the users and admins are within your organization, particularly if it was self-adopted by a specific team). ",{"data":29599,"content":29600,"nodeType":945},{},[29601],{"data":29602,"content":29603,"nodeType":860},{},[29604],{"data":29605,"marks":29606,"value":29607,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Response probably requires that you log into the app and perform these actions in the admin interface (rather than being something you can orchestrate via SIEM workflow or API).",{"data":29609,"content":29610,"nodeType":860},{},[29611],{"data":29612,"marks":29613,"value":29614,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So at the point that the SecOps team is engaged, the team needs to be able to respond by eradicating the attacker’s access and closing the vulnerabilities exploited to prevent re-entry. To do this, the team needs to be able to identify, for example:",{"data":29616,"content":29617,"nodeType":941},{},[29618,29628,29638,29648,29658],{"data":29619,"content":29620,"nodeType":945},{},[29621],{"data":29622,"content":29623,"nodeType":860},{},[29624],{"data":29625,"marks":29626,"value":29627,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How the attacker gained access to the account",{"data":29629,"content":29630,"nodeType":945},{},[29631],{"data":29632,"content":29633,"nodeType":860},{},[29634],{"data":29635,"marks":29636,"value":29637,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What the attacker did using the compromised account",{"data":29639,"content":29640,"nodeType":945},{},[29641],{"data":29642,"content":29643,"nodeType":860},{},[29644],{"data":29645,"marks":29646,"value":29647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Whether any alternative access methods were established (e.g. backup emails, API keys, or OAuth integrations)",{"data":29649,"content":29650,"nodeType":945},{},[29651],{"data":29652,"content":29653,"nodeType":860},{},[29654],{"data":29655,"marks":29656,"value":29657,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where the attacker could have laterally moved to using the account (based on the integrations and permissions of the identity)",{"data":29659,"content":29660,"nodeType":945},{},[29661],{"data":29662,"content":29663,"nodeType":860},{},[29664],{"data":29665,"marks":29666,"value":29667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Other accounts the attacker could also access using the same credentials",{"data":29669,"content":29670,"nodeType":860},{},[29671],{"data":29672,"marks":29673,"value":29674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Given the limited tools available and the probable lack of app-specific knowledge (you can’t be an expert in every app!), by the time you’ve managed to respond, the attacker has probably already sailed off into the sunset with all of the data they can lay their hands on. ",{"data":29676,"content":29677,"nodeType":860},{},[29678],{"data":29679,"marks":29680,"value":29681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clearly, post-compromise detection and response isn’t really a viable option – you’re basically entering full response and recovery mode at this point. ",{"data":29683,"content":29684,"nodeType":1009},{},[29685],{"data":29686,"marks":29687,"value":29689,"nodeType":864},{},[29688],{"type":899},"Shifting detection left",{"data":29691,"content":29692,"nodeType":860},{},[29693],{"data":29694,"marks":29695,"value":29696,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you can’t reasonably detect and respond to post-compromise activity, it makes detecting and blocking initial access much more important. ",{"data":29698,"content":29699,"nodeType":860},{},[29700],{"data":29701,"marks":29702,"value":29703,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Again, it seems obvious, but it’s yet another notion that’s fallen under the radar – despite the trendiness of ‘shifting left’ in other areas like software development and vulnerability management. Partly because as we’ve discussed, post-compromise detection and response has been the norm for so long. But also because we’ve accepted the status quo of the (somewhat disappointing) preventative controls that are available. ",{"data":29705,"content":29706,"nodeType":860},{},[29707],{"data":29708,"marks":29709,"value":29710,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, let’s isolate the techniques and steps that attackers typically rely on for account takeover. ",{"data":29712,"content":29713,"nodeType":1312},{},[29714],{"data":29715,"marks":29716,"value":29718,"nodeType":864},{},[29717],{"type":899},"Methods of account takeover",{"data":29720,"content":29721,"nodeType":860},{},[29722],{"data":29723,"marks":29724,"value":29725,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be able to hijack an account, an attacker needs to possess one of two things:",{"data":29727,"content":29728,"nodeType":941},{},[29729,29739],{"data":29730,"content":29731,"nodeType":945},{},[29732],{"data":29733,"content":29734,"nodeType":860},{},[29735],{"data":29736,"marks":29737,"value":29738,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Authentication material e.g. a username and password, with a login portal URL.",{"data":29740,"content":29741,"nodeType":945},{},[29742],{"data":29743,"content":29744,"nodeType":860},{},[29745],{"data":29746,"marks":29747,"value":29748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Session material e.g. session cookies. ",{"data":29750,"content":29751,"nodeType":860},{},[29752],{"data":29753,"marks":29754,"value":29755,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are three main ways that an attacker can hijack an account by acquiring (or generating) these materials: Phishing, infostealers, and credential stuffing. ",{"data":29757,"content":29758,"nodeType":941},{},[29759,29774,29789],{"data":29760,"content":29761,"nodeType":945},{},[29762],{"data":29763,"content":29764,"nodeType":860},{},[29765,29770],{"data":29766,"marks":29767,"value":29769,"nodeType":864},{},[29768],{"type":899},"Phishing:",{"data":29771,"marks":29772,"value":29773,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Stealing valid authentication and session material from victims, including usernames, passwords, and session cookies (if AitM or BitM), for a specific site or app.",{"data":29775,"content":29776,"nodeType":945},{},[29777],{"data":29778,"content":29779,"nodeType":860},{},[29780,29785],{"data":29781,"marks":29782,"value":29784,"nodeType":864},{},[29783],{"type":899},"Infostealers:",{"data":29786,"marks":29787,"value":29788,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Stealing valid authentication and session material from the victim’s web browsers for all apps that the user has signed into, as well as desktop information from the device.",{"data":29790,"content":29791,"nodeType":945},{},[29792],{"data":29793,"content":29794,"nodeType":860},{},[29795,29800],{"data":29796,"marks":29797,"value":29799,"nodeType":864},{},[29798],{"type":899},"Credential stuffing: ",{"data":29801,"marks":29802,"value":29803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using previously breached authentication or session material in data breach dumps, or taking advantage of weak or guessable passwords (as a result of password reuse).",{"data":29805,"content":29806,"nodeType":860},{},[29807],{"data":29808,"marks":29809,"value":29810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once this information has been acquired, the attack path follows a similar journey regardless of the initial attack technique, ending in the attacker initiating a session in their own browser. ",{"data":29812,"content":29816,"nodeType":996},{"target":29813},{"sys":29814},{"id":29815,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7CJT84yPsiUaUO4Mfb6oFd",[],{"data":29818,"content":29819,"nodeType":860},{},[29820],{"data":29821,"marks":29822,"value":29823,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clearly, there are a number of steps here that involve user behaviors/actions that could in theory be detected with the right visibility:",{"data":29825,"content":29826,"nodeType":941},{},[29827,29837,29847,29857],{"data":29828,"content":29829,"nodeType":945},{},[29830],{"data":29831,"content":29832,"nodeType":860},{},[29833],{"data":29834,"marks":29835,"value":29836,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The victim being sent and accessing a malicious link, or downloading a malicious file",{"data":29838,"content":29839,"nodeType":945},{},[29840],{"data":29841,"content":29842,"nodeType":860},{},[29843],{"data":29844,"marks":29845,"value":29846,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The victim loading a malicious webpage",{"data":29848,"content":29849,"nodeType":945},{},[29850],{"data":29851,"content":29852,"nodeType":860},{},[29853],{"data":29854,"marks":29855,"value":29856,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The victim interacting with a malicious webpage, such as entering their credentials",{"data":29858,"content":29859,"nodeType":945},{},[29860],{"data":29861,"content":29862,"nodeType":860},{},[29863],{"data":29864,"marks":29865,"value":29866,"nodeType":864},{},[],"(If an infostealer attack) The victim executing malware on their device",{"data":29868,"content":29869,"nodeType":860},{},[29870],{"data":29871,"marks":29872,"value":29873,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, the attacker must also access the stolen account from their own device/browser.",{"data":29875,"content":29876,"nodeType":1312},{},[29877],{"data":29878,"marks":29879,"value":29881,"nodeType":864},{},[29880],{"type":899},"Existing controls are falling short",{"data":29883,"content":29884,"nodeType":860},{},[29885],{"data":29886,"marks":29887,"value":29888,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, now we know what these attacks look like, how do you feasibly detect and block them? ",{"data":29890,"content":29891,"nodeType":860},{},[29892],{"data":29893,"marks":29894,"value":29895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The vast majority of identity attacks take place entirely over the internet. These attacks don’t involve traditional network and endpoint-based techniques, and therefore don’t run into many of your existing perimeter controls. Infostealer attacks are the exception in that they do involve an endpoint compromise (and therefore come up against EDR), but attackers are continually finding new bypass techniques, or are targeting unmanaged devices that are not protected by EDR. ",{"data":29897,"content":29898,"nodeType":860},{},[29899,29903,29911,29915,29923],{"data":29900,"marks":29901,"value":29902,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This leaves us in the hands of TI-driven blocklists and SWG/email controls that identify and block malicious content. However, these controls are largely based on ",{"data":29904,"content":29905,"nodeType":883},{"uri":26324},[29906],{"data":29907,"marks":29908,"value":29910,"nodeType":864},{},[29909],{"type":1455},"indicators like domain names, URLs, and IPs",{"data":29912,"marks":29913,"value":29914,"nodeType":864},{},[]," which are easy for attackers to change (and therefore bypass). Where pages and downloads are analyzed, ",{"data":29916,"content":29917,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20712},[29918],{"data":29919,"marks":29920,"value":29922,"nodeType":864},{},[29921],{"type":1455},"attackers are routinely implementing obfuscation measures to defeat more advanced dynamic controls",{"data":29924,"marks":29925,"value":29926,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with a lot of success, or using techniques like HTML smuggling to bypass download scanning tools. ",{"data":29928,"content":29929,"nodeType":1312},{},[29930],{"data":29931,"marks":29932,"value":29934,"nodeType":864},{},[29933],{"type":899},"Detecting and responding to account takeover with Push",{"data":29936,"content":29937,"nodeType":860},{},[29938],{"data":29939,"marks":29940,"value":29941,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But, Push’s vantage point in the browser gives us a very different perspective. Because in the browser, you have much better visibility of the rendered web page (meaning it's much harder to disguise malicious content). You also aren’t restricted to email, and can intercept a user loading a malicious page whatever it’s source. ",{"data":29943,"content":29947,"nodeType":996},{"target":29944},{"sys":29945},{"id":29946,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4JpFRHGRGEbCb1hNF0CGlE",[],{"data":29949,"content":29950,"nodeType":860},{},[29951],{"data":29952,"marks":29953,"value":29954,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, let’s compare the typical web-based controls that organizations rely on against what’s possible using Push’s browser-based solution. We’ll put EDR to one side here and focus on a typical phishing attack, since the majority of the attack path happens over the internet (and the attacker has to return to the internet to access the app/account anyway). ",{"data":29956,"content":29960,"nodeType":996},{"target":29957},{"sys":29958},{"id":29959,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ua9ZNNSnxJnRLwJvRTaf1",[],{"data":29962,"content":29963,"nodeType":860},{},[29964],{"data":29965,"marks":29966,"value":29967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see here that attackers have established methods of routinely bypassing these controls. In contrast, with Push, there are layered detections against different stages of the attack path to account takeover, providing defense-in-depth should a layer be somehow bypassed.",{"data":29969,"content":29973,"nodeType":996},{"target":29970},{"sys":29971},{"id":29972,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"ogIj92nzV9Q2Z7I9YOgG3",[],{"data":29975,"content":29976,"nodeType":860},{},[29977],{"data":29978,"marks":29979,"value":29980,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice, this creates four strong lines of defense – all before an attacker can even take over an account. ",{"data":29982,"content":29983,"nodeType":941},{},[29984,30003,30022,30041],{"data":29985,"content":29986,"nodeType":945},{},[29987],{"data":29988,"content":29989,"nodeType":860},{},[29990,29994,30000],{"data":29991,"marks":29992,"value":29993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1st line: ",{"data":29995,"content":29996,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25596},[29997],{"data":29998,"marks":29999,"value":28300,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":30001,"marks":30002,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":30004,"content":30005,"nodeType":945},{},[30006],{"data":30007,"content":30008,"nodeType":860},{},[30009,30013,30019],{"data":30010,"marks":30011,"value":30012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2nd line: ",{"data":30014,"content":30015,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25545},[30016],{"data":30017,"marks":30018,"value":28320,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":30020,"marks":30021,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":30023,"content":30024,"nodeType":945},{},[30025],{"data":30026,"content":30027,"nodeType":860},{},[30028,30032,30038],{"data":30029,"marks":30030,"value":30031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"3rd line: ",{"data":30033,"content":30034,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25066},[30035],{"data":30036,"marks":30037,"value":28280,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":30039,"marks":30040,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":30042,"content":30043,"nodeType":945},{},[30044],{"data":30045,"content":30046,"nodeType":860},{},[30047,30051,30058],{"data":30048,"marks":30049,"value":30050,"nodeType":864},{},[],"4th line: ",{"data":30052,"content":30053,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25838},[30054],{"data":30055,"marks":30056,"value":30057,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting when an attacker resumes a stolen session in a browser without the Push extension running. ",{"data":30059,"marks":30060,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":30062,"content":30063,"nodeType":860},{},[30064],{"data":30065,"marks":30066,"value":30067,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Each of these controls either detects and blocks the account takeover attempt outright, or provides a high-fidelity indicator that should trigger a priority investigation via your SecOps workflow. ",{"data":30069,"content":30070,"nodeType":1009},{},[30071],{"data":30072,"marks":30073,"value":24988,"nodeType":864},{},[30074],{"type":899},{"data":30076,"content":30077,"nodeType":860},{},[30078],{"data":30079,"marks":30080,"value":30081,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hopefully we’ve demonstrated shifting detection left isn’t just possible, but essential for defending against modern identity attacks and account takeover. ",{"data":30083,"content":30084,"nodeType":860},{},[30085,30089,30097],{"data":30086,"marks":30087,"value":30088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the second post in our design philosophy series, so if you want to read about how we’re building detections that are hard for attackers to bypass using the Pyramid of Pain, ",{"data":30090,"content":30091,"nodeType":883},{"uri":26324},[30092],{"data":30093,"marks":30094,"value":30096,"nodeType":864},{},[30095],{"type":1455},"you can check it out here",{"data":30098,"marks":30099,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":30101,"content":30102,"nodeType":860},{},[30103],{"data":30104,"marks":30105,"value":30106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We look forward to sharing more about our design philosophy with you in the future! ",{"entries":30108},{"hyperlink":30109,"inline":30110,"block":30111},[],[],[30112,30115,30122,30128,30134,30140,30147,30153],{"sys":30113,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":30114,"buttonLabel":9313,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":26324},{"id":29318},"New to the series? Read our first design principles blog on building better detections using the Pyramid of Pain",{"sys":30116,"__typename":1724,"title":30117,"caption":30117,"layoutMode":59,"file":30118},{"id":29339},"Network compromise in a traditional 'on-prem' environment",{"url":30119,"width":30120,"height":30121},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2kWUeTHvxsqJDvXP0v2Mev/57cc372e313a1d36e9c53e4c099831b1/Traditional_attack_path.png",1362,597,{"sys":30123,"__typename":1724,"title":30124,"caption":30124,"layoutMode":59,"file":30125},{"id":29352},"The typical attack path (according to old-school consultancies and MSSPs)",{"url":30126,"width":24503,"height":30127},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2lqJtgZROb1Qyoa0myb692/37dedf4120ba60cfb340fd3a69bea248/Typical_hybrid_attack_path.png",893,{"sys":30129,"__typename":1724,"title":30130,"caption":30130,"layoutMode":59,"file":30131},{"id":29380},"The average SaaS attack path involves direct in-app compromise following account takeover",{"url":30132,"width":30120,"height":30133},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3DOQd2fcWYdjMSVBZZvHHU/2cd487cb316aef8acd77e14a1960c391/SaaS_attack_path.png",458,{"sys":30135,"__typename":1724,"title":30136,"caption":30137,"layoutMode":59,"file":30138},{"id":29815},"Paths to account takeover","Overlapping paths to account takeover via phishing, infostealers and credential stuffing",{"url":30139,"width":24503,"height":30127},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3UZL6NydNnGa0kJHF9s6Ld/2fdb6d3aa8abb45d89cf334f5d3e9139/Paths_to_account_takeover__1_.png",{"sys":30141,"__typename":1724,"title":30142,"caption":30143,"layoutMode":59,"file":30144},{"id":29946},"Browser visibility and telemetry","The browser provides deep, real time visibility of the rendered web app and user 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That said, they also have limitations that attackers are exploiting. We’ve laid out some of the ",{"data":30868,"content":30870,"nodeType":883},{"uri":30869},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/5-reasons-why-push-security-shouldnt-exist/",[30871],{"data":30872,"marks":30873,"value":30875,"nodeType":864},{},[30874],{"type":1455},"typical misconceptions that can undermine an identity security strategy",{"data":30877,"marks":30878,"value":30879,"nodeType":864},{},[]," so you can avoid the common pitfalls and achieve defense in depth.",{"data":30881,"content":30882,"nodeType":1009},{},[30883],{"data":30884,"marks":30885,"value":30886,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push vs. account takeover techniques",{"data":30888,"content":30889,"nodeType":860},{},[30890],{"data":30891,"marks":30892,"value":30893,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’re going to show you how to use Push to bolster your identity security strategy and prevent account takeover. More specifically, we’ll cover how Push prevents, detects, and blocks some of the common attack techniques seen in this account takeover attack chain:",{"data":30895,"content":30899,"nodeType":996},{"target":30896},{"sys":30897},{"id":30898,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1FPMzCU0mBgpg1GMSz1sJH",[],{"data":30901,"content":30902,"nodeType":860},{},[30903],{"data":30904,"marks":30905,"value":30906,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses browser data collected by our browser agent to either detect the attack techniques directly, or identify the vulnerabilities being exploited. Upon making a detection, the browser agent enforces a relevant security control to either block the attack or prevent the user from introducing a vulnerability.",{"data":30908,"content":30909,"nodeType":860},{},[30910],{"data":30911,"marks":30912,"value":30913,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re wondering why we’ve opted to build our tool in the browser, the short answer is that being in the browser gives us:",{"data":30915,"content":30916,"nodeType":941},{},[30917,30932,30947],{"data":30918,"content":30919,"nodeType":945},{},[30920],{"data":30921,"content":30922,"nodeType":860},{},[30923,30928],{"data":30924,"marks":30925,"value":30927,"nodeType":864},{},[30926],{"type":899},"The broadest visibility",{"data":30929,"marks":30930,"value":30931,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across all workforce identities, including unmanaged identities outside your IdP.",{"data":30933,"content":30934,"nodeType":945},{},[30935],{"data":30936,"content":30937,"nodeType":860},{},[30938,30943],{"data":30939,"marks":30940,"value":30942,"nodeType":864},{},[30941],{"type":899},"The best telemetry",{"data":30944,"marks":30945,"value":30946,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for detecting identity attack TTPs and tools.",{"data":30948,"content":30949,"nodeType":945},{},[30950],{"data":30951,"content":30952,"nodeType":860},{},[30953,30958],{"data":30954,"marks":30955,"value":30957,"nodeType":864},{},[30956],{"type":899},"The perfect enforcement point",{"data":30959,"marks":30960,"value":30961,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for stopping attacker actions or risky employee actions in real time. ",{"data":30963,"content":30964,"nodeType":860},{},[30965,30969,30977],{"data":30966,"marks":30967,"value":30968,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want a more detailed technical explanation, you can read this article by Dan on ",{"data":30970,"content":30971,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28366},[30972],{"data":30973,"marks":30974,"value":30976,"nodeType":864},{},[30975],{"type":1455},"why browser data is a better source of telemetry for detecting identity attacks than network, IdP and app logs",{"data":30978,"marks":30979,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":30981,"content":30982,"nodeType":860},{},[30983],{"data":30984,"marks":30985,"value":30986,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now we’ve cleared that up, let's look at some account takeover techniques.",{"data":30988,"content":30989,"nodeType":1009},{},[30990],{"data":30991,"marks":30992,"value":30993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Part 1: Phishing (including AitM and BitM toolkits)",{"data":30995,"content":30996,"nodeType":860},{},[30997],{"data":30998,"marks":30999,"value":31000,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing has been around since forever and there’s a mature category of solutions that are designed to detect and prevent it. But despite solutions like security awareness training, phishing domain detection services and email filtering tools, phishing is still one of the top breach vectors. ",{"data":31002,"content":31005,"nodeType":996},{"target":31003},{"sys":31004},{"id":23880,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":31007,"content":31008,"nodeType":860},{},[31009],{"data":31010,"marks":31011,"value":31012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve all been conditioned to think about phishing as something that happens over email, but it’s actually the browser where most of the action happens, regardless of the initial delivery channel. Push’s position in the browser gives you the ideal vantage point for detecting and stopping phishing attacks.",{"data":31014,"content":31015,"nodeType":860},{},[31016],{"data":31017,"marks":31018,"value":31019,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push browser agent performs both passive observation and active interrogation in order to detect employees having their passwords harvested or visiting cloned app login pages or pages using AitM/BitM toolkits. Phishing attacks are detected in real time so Push blocks them before your employees can enter their credentials.",{"data":31021,"content":31022,"nodeType":1312},{},[31023],{"data":31024,"marks":31025,"value":31026,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting phishing through user behavior",{"data":31028,"content":31029,"nodeType":860},{},[31030],{"data":31031,"marks":31032,"value":31033,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Rather than trying to detect phishing websites and domains that constantly change, Push detects and blocks phishing attempts based on observing user behavior in the browser.",{"data":31035,"content":31036,"nodeType":860},{},[31037],{"data":31038,"marks":31039,"value":31040,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does this by observing all logins and generating a fingerprint (or technically a k-anonymized salted partial hash) of the user’s password. This fingerprint is then stored locally to allow Push to perform comparisons.",{"data":31042,"content":31043,"nodeType":860},{},[31044],{"data":31045,"marks":31046,"value":31047,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To detect potential phishing attacks, the browser agent compares the observed password fingerprint to known fingerprints for passwords that already exist in local storage.",{"data":31049,"content":31050,"nodeType":860},{},[31051,31056],{"data":31052,"marks":31053,"value":31055,"nodeType":864},{},[31054],{"type":899},"This means that it works even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site: ",{"data":31057,"marks":31058,"value":31059,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push still detects it and blocks it before your employee can submit their credentials. It also works regardless of the delivery vector used to get the phishing link to the intended victim.",{"data":31061,"content":31065,"nodeType":996},{"target":31062},{"sys":31063},{"id":31064,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2V2My5IpdVUwh4QugqInUw",[],{"data":31067,"content":31068,"nodeType":860},{},[31069],{"data":31070,"marks":31071,"value":31072,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once you’ve discovered a malicious site, you can use Push’s companion feature, URL blocking, to add the domain to a blocklist and prevent your other end-users from even visiting the site.",{"data":31074,"content":31075,"nodeType":860},{},[31076,31080,31087],{"data":31077,"marks":31078,"value":31079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can programmatically manage URL blocking as part of responding to an attempted phishing incident by using the ",{"data":31081,"content":31082,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28590},[31083],{"data":31084,"marks":31085,"value":31086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push REST API",{"data":31088,"marks":31089,"value":31090,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to automatically add URLs to the blocklist or to sync with other threat intelligence sources of known-bad sites.",{"data":31092,"content":31093,"nodeType":860},{},[31094,31098,31106],{"data":31095,"marks":31096,"value":31097,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can find out more about this control in this ",{"data":31099,"content":31100,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25066},[31101],{"data":31102,"marks":31103,"value":31105,"nodeType":864},{},[31104],{"type":1455},"deep-dive article",{"data":31107,"marks":31108,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31110,"content":31111,"nodeType":1312},{},[31112],{"data":31113,"marks":31114,"value":31115,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting cloned login pages",{"data":31117,"content":31118,"nodeType":860},{},[31119],{"data":31120,"marks":31121,"value":31122,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s now very easy for attackers to create cloned login pages that appear to be legitimate, tricking users into providing their credentials. ",{"data":31124,"content":31125,"nodeType":860},{},[31126,31130,31139],{"data":31127,"marks":31128,"value":31129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s a number of phishing kits that allow the attacker to simply copy the HTML code from a legitimate website and duplicate it on the malicious site, creating a virtually identical interface that tricks users into entering their credentials. A final sprinkle of typosquatting techniques completes the illusion of legitimacy. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ",{"data":31131,"content":31133,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31132},"https://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2024/03/fcc-staff-targeted-phishing-attack-cloned-agency-login-site/394609/",[31134],{"data":31135,"marks":31136,"value":31138,"nodeType":864},{},[31137],{"type":1455},"was a recent target",{"data":31140,"marks":31141,"value":31142,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of this kind of attack. ",{"data":31144,"content":31145,"nodeType":860},{},[31146],{"data":31147,"marks":31148,"value":31149,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s cloned app detection feature detects fraudulent login pages by inspecting the resources and structure of pages users log into and fingerprinting them so they can be used to detect when that action occurs on the wrong domain. ",{"data":31151,"content":31152,"nodeType":860},{},[31153,31157,31164],{"data":31154,"marks":31155,"value":31156,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can ",{"data":31158,"content":31159,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25596},[31160],{"data":31161,"marks":31162,"value":31163,"nodeType":864},{},[],"read more about this feature here",{"data":31165,"marks":31166,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31168,"content":31169,"nodeType":1312},{},[31170],{"data":31171,"marks":31172,"value":31173,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting AitM and BitM toolkits",{"data":31175,"content":31176,"nodeType":860},{},[31177,31181,31189,31192,31200,31203,31211,31214,31222],{"data":31178,"marks":31179,"value":31180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing is a technique that uses dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application, principally to bypass MFA. As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, making this technique difficult to spot. Popular AitM toolkits include ",{"data":31182,"content":31184,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31183},"https://github.com/drk1wi/Modlishka",[31185],{"data":31186,"marks":31187,"value":31188,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modlishka",{"data":31190,"marks":31191,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31193,"content":31195,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31194},"https://github.com/muraenateam/muraena",[31196],{"data":31197,"marks":31198,"value":31199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Muraena",{"data":31201,"marks":31202,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31204,"content":31206,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31205},"https://github.com/kgretzky/evilginx2",[31207],{"data":31208,"marks":31209,"value":31210,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Evilginx",{"data":31212,"marks":31213,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31215,"content":31217,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31216},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/evilproxy-uses-indeedcom-open-redirect-for-microsoft-365-phishing/",[31218],{"data":31219,"marks":31220,"value":31221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Evilproxy",{"data":31223,"marks":31224,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31226,"content":31227,"nodeType":860},{},[31228],{"data":31229,"marks":31230,"value":31231,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) toolkits are different to AitM toolkits because they don’t act as a reverse proxy. Instead, they trick their victim into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser using remote desktop screen sharing and control approaches — think of this like VNC or RDP but using the browser as a client. This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to log in to an app for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards.",{"data":31233,"content":31234,"nodeType":860},{},[31235,31239,31248],{"data":31236,"marks":31237,"value":31238,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve conducted a lot of research into AitM and BitM toolkits recently. If you want to learn more about how they work and see a demo of them in action, ",{"data":31240,"content":31242,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31241},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/phishing-detecting-evilginx-evilnovnc-muraena-and-modlishka/",[31243],{"data":31244,"marks":31245,"value":31247,"nodeType":864},{},[31246],{"type":1455},"head over here",{"data":31249,"marks":31250,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31252,"content":31253,"nodeType":860},{},[31254],{"data":31255,"marks":31256,"value":31257,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push gives you a preconfigured set of detections for AitM and BitM toolkits, informed by our threat detection team’s research into their behavior. This phishing tool detection feature will automatically prevent users from accessing a site that’s running one of these malicious tools, and display a custom warning message to your end-users.",{"data":31259,"content":31262,"nodeType":996},{"target":31260},{"sys":31261},{"id":19827,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":31264,"content":31265,"nodeType":860},{},[31266,31270,31276],{"data":31267,"marks":31268,"value":31269,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Administrators can also consume phishing tool detection events via the ",{"data":31271,"content":31272,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28590},[31273],{"data":31274,"marks":31275,"value":31086,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31277,"marks":31278,"value":31279,"nodeType":864},{},[]," into their SIEM or use Push’s webhooks to alert when a warn or block event has occurred.",{"data":31281,"content":31282,"nodeType":860},{},[31283,31287,31295],{"data":31284,"marks":31285,"value":31286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can read a full write-up of this feature if you want to ",{"data":31288,"content":31289,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25545},[31290],{"data":31291,"marks":31292,"value":31294,"nodeType":864},{},[31293],{"type":1455},"learn more",{"data":31296,"marks":31297,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31299,"content":31300,"nodeType":1009},{},[31301],{"data":31302,"marks":31303,"value":31304,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Part 2: Infostealer malware",{"data":31306,"content":31307,"nodeType":860},{},[31308,31312,31319],{"data":31309,"marks":31310,"value":31311,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The recent ",{"data":31313,"content":31314,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27890},[31315],{"data":31316,"marks":31317,"value":3756,"nodeType":864},{},[31318],{"type":1455},{"data":31320,"marks":31321,"value":31322,"nodeType":864},{},[]," highlighted how infostealer malware is becoming a serious issue for security teams. As well as being able to steal credentials for account takeover, infostealers can also be used to steal session tokens which then allow the attacker to assume an already authorized session without needing to bypass MFA.   ",{"data":31324,"content":31325,"nodeType":860},{},[31326],{"data":31327,"marks":31328,"value":31329,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers. ",{"data":31331,"content":31335,"nodeType":996},{"target":31332},{"sys":31333},{"id":31334,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"66B5MBFIhbmky7VuLGbuM3",[],{"data":31337,"content":31338,"nodeType":860},{},[31339],{"data":31340,"marks":31341,"value":31342,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Infostealers are primarily being used by Initial Access Brokers to harvest credentials and session tokens that they then sell to other threat actors intent on executing more penetrating attacks (e.g. ransomware).  ",{"data":31344,"content":31345,"nodeType":860},{},[31346,31350,31359],{"data":31347,"marks":31348,"value":31349,"nodeType":864},{},[],"EDR is seen as the go-to solution for defending against infostealer malware. However, attackers are always looking for ways to get around security controls by obfuscating malicious behavior and evading signature-based checks. For example, ",{"data":31351,"content":31353,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31352},"https://thehackernews.com/2024/07/microsoft-defender-flaw-exploited-to.html",[31354],{"data":31355,"marks":31356,"value":31358,"nodeType":864},{},[31357],{"type":1455},"a flaw in Microsoft Defender SmartScreen was recently exploited to deliver infostealer malware",{"data":31360,"marks":31361,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31363,"content":31364,"nodeType":860},{},[31365],{"data":31366,"marks":31367,"value":31368,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Getting total coverage across your endpoint estate is notoriously difficult, if not totally unrealistic. Unless the malware is stopped on execution, then data will inevitably be stolen, and will continue to be taken until stopped (or it self-terminates). And once an attacker has stolen employee credentials or sessions, the credential stuffing and session hijacking attacks that come next won’t touch the endpoint. ",{"data":31370,"content":31371,"nodeType":860},{},[31372],{"data":31373,"marks":31374,"value":31375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For those reasons, you can’t rely on EDR as a single line of defense against infostealers. Push gives you those extra layers of defense to stop account takeover attempts that use stolen credentials and sessions.",{"data":31377,"content":31381,"nodeType":996},{"target":31378},{"sys":31379},{"id":31380,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4YB6DLIE5TvaAsAAUoJd5v",[],{"data":31383,"content":31384,"nodeType":1312},{},[31385],{"data":31386,"marks":31387,"value":31388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting stolen sessions ",{"data":31390,"content":31391,"nodeType":860},{},[31392],{"data":31393,"marks":31394,"value":31395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses its browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. You then add the list of domains where you wish to inject the marker into sessions, such as an identity provider like Okta or Microsoft. ",{"data":31397,"content":31398,"nodeType":860},{},[31399],{"data":31400,"marks":31401,"value":31402,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":31404,"content":31405,"nodeType":860},{},[31406],{"data":31407,"marks":31408,"value":31409,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is being used by an attacker. It’s certainly a lot cleaner than relying on IP-based or geolocation-based signals, which result in frequent false positives.",{"data":31411,"content":31414,"nodeType":996},{"target":31412},{"sys":31413},{"id":25868,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":31416,"content":31417,"nodeType":1312},{},[31418],{"data":31419,"marks":31420,"value":31421,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting stolen credentials being sold on the dark web",{"data":31423,"content":31424,"nodeType":860},{},[31425],{"data":31426,"marks":31427,"value":31428,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push integrates stolen credential threat intelligence and alerts you when your employees’ credentials are being sold on the dark web. ",{"data":31430,"content":31431,"nodeType":860},{},[31432],{"data":31433,"marks":31434,"value":31435,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Commercial TI feeds of stolen credentials have been available for some time. But what we’ve found is that the false-positive rate is incredibly high and the vast majority of credentials are no longer in use.",{"data":31437,"content":31438,"nodeType":860},{},[31439],{"data":31440,"marks":31441,"value":31442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push validates that leaked credentials match those that are currently being used by your employees to authenticate on any apps they are using in the browser. That means that any alerts or automated actions generated by Push are actionable true positives, cutting out a huge amount of noise and saving your security team time. ",{"data":31444,"content":31448,"nodeType":996},{"target":31445},{"sys":31446},{"id":31447,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3RnPM0ioGWi3CFMLkxQanO",[],{"data":31450,"content":31451,"nodeType":1009},{},[31452],{"data":31453,"marks":31454,"value":31455,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Part 3: Credential stuffing",{"data":31457,"content":31458,"nodeType":860},{},[31459],{"data":31460,"marks":31461,"value":31462,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The previous sections looked at how Push detects and stops common techniques used for stealing and acquiring credentials. We’re now going to cover how Push stops stolen credentials from being used to access and take over employee accounts. ",{"data":31464,"content":31465,"nodeType":860},{},[31466,31471],{"data":31467,"marks":31468,"value":31470,"nodeType":864},{},[31469],{"type":899},"Credential stuffing ",{"data":31472,"marks":31473,"value":31474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"is when attackers use tools that automate the process of taking a list of stolen passwords and retargeting those credentials against different apps.",{"data":31476,"content":31477,"nodeType":860},{},[31478,31482,31487],{"data":31479,"marks":31480,"value":31481,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Closely related to credential stuffing is ",{"data":31483,"marks":31484,"value":31486,"nodeType":864},{},[31485],{"type":899},"password spraying",{"data":31488,"marks":31489,"value":31490,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Instead of using stolen credentials, an attacker uses a list of commonly used usernames and passwords to attempt to compromise accounts. ",{"data":31492,"content":31493,"nodeType":860},{},[31494],{"data":31495,"marks":31496,"value":31497,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both credential stuffing and password spraying are high-volume, automated attacks, and they are an unrelenting problem for most businesses. Microsoft observes 4,000 of them every second and nearly half of all login requests Auth0 receive each day are attempts at credential stuffing. ",{"data":31499,"content":31500,"nodeType":860},{},[31501],{"data":31502,"marks":31503,"value":31504,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The true scale of the problem is hard to grasp, as neither app vendors nor users have effective means of monitoring for unauthorized access. Typically these breaches are only detected when:",{"data":31506,"content":31507,"nodeType":941},{},[31508,31528,31550],{"data":31509,"content":31510,"nodeType":945},{},[31511],{"data":31512,"content":31513,"nodeType":860},{},[31514,31518,31525],{"data":31515,"marks":31516,"value":31517,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker leaks the data they’ve stolen, like in the ",{"data":31519,"content":31520,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27890},[31521],{"data":31522,"marks":31523,"value":3756,"nodeType":864},{},[31524],{"type":1455},{"data":31526,"marks":31527,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31529,"content":31530,"nodeType":945},{},[31531],{"data":31532,"content":31533,"nodeType":860},{},[31534,31538,31547],{"data":31535,"marks":31536,"value":31537,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker deploys ransomware that results in business disruption, like that suffered by ",{"data":31539,"content":31541,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31540},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-mgm-resorts-september-2023",[31542],{"data":31543,"marks":31544,"value":31546,"nodeType":864},{},[31545],{"type":1455},"MGM resorts",{"data":31548,"marks":31549,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31551,"content":31552,"nodeType":945},{},[31553],{"data":31554,"content":31555,"nodeType":860},{},[31556,31560,31569],{"data":31557,"marks":31558,"value":31559,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attackers use a compromised account to do something deliberately in the public eye. For example, when the SEC’s X (formerly Twitter) account was compromised and ",{"data":31561,"content":31563,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31562},"https://incyber.org/en/article/fake-sec-tweet-triggers-bitcoin-surge/#:~:text=The%20fake%20headline%20convinced%20a,an%20unauthorized%20tweet%20was%20posted.",[31564],{"data":31565,"marks":31566,"value":31568,"nodeType":864},{},[31567],{"type":1455},"sent out a message announcing the approval of Bitcoin ETF",{"data":31570,"marks":31571,"value":26603,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31573,"content":31574,"nodeType":860},{},[31575],{"data":31576,"marks":31577,"value":31578,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push gives you a number of controls to combat attacks using stolen and guessed passwords, both to prevent them from occurring, and detect them when they do.",{"data":31580,"content":31581,"nodeType":1312},{},[31582],{"data":31583,"marks":31584,"value":31585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent employees using credentials that have already been stolen and leaked",{"data":31587,"content":31588,"nodeType":860},{},[31589],{"data":31590,"marks":31591,"value":31592,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, let's stop your employees from using any credentials that have already been stolen and are available to attackers for use in a credential-stuffing attack. ",{"data":31594,"content":31595,"nodeType":860},{},[31596],{"data":31597,"marks":31598,"value":31599,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push monitors stolen credential threat intelligence and compares it to the credentials employees are currently using to access their apps. ",{"data":31601,"content":31602,"nodeType":860},{},[31603],{"data":31604,"marks":31605,"value":31606,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might be wondering, “Does that mean Push sees all our employees’ passwords!?” No. Rather, we use a fingerprint of each password and it's checked locally in the users’ browser and never leaves it. ",{"data":31608,"content":31609,"nodeType":860},{},[31610],{"data":31611,"marks":31612,"value":31613,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we get a match – a stolen password that could successfully be used in a credential-stuffing attack – Push alerts you.",{"data":31615,"content":31616,"nodeType":1312},{},[31617],{"data":31618,"marks":31619,"value":31620,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enforce MFA on all employee accounts",{"data":31622,"content":31623,"nodeType":860},{},[31624],{"data":31625,"marks":31626,"value":31627,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Next step is to secure the accounts most vulnerable to a credential stuffing attack – those that only use a password for single-factor authentication. ",{"data":31629,"content":31630,"nodeType":860},{},[31631,31635,31643],{"data":31632,"marks":31633,"value":31634,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re using SSO to access apps, then it’s easy to overlook instances where local accounts (e.g. username and password logins) are missing MFA – particularly if you’re relying on an IdP solution to audit and enforce MFA. ",{"data":31636,"content":31637,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5865},[31638],{"data":31639,"marks":31640,"value":31642,"nodeType":864},{},[31641],{"type":1455},"You can read more about this problem in our blog post on ghost logins",{"data":31644,"marks":31645,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31647,"content":31648,"nodeType":860},{},[31649],{"data":31650,"marks":31651,"value":31652,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push observes every login made by your employees (both inside and outside SSO) and inspects the authentication protocols used. Accounts that are missing MFA are identified and presented to you in the Push platform.",{"data":31654,"content":31658,"nodeType":996},{"target":31655},{"sys":31656},{"id":31657,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4t1PHxzadoTBjtJua6dzuJ",[],{"data":31660,"content":31661,"nodeType":860},{},[31662],{"data":31663,"marks":31664,"value":31665,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can then use Push to enforce MFA on employee accounts, or present them with in-browser guidance requesting that they enable it themselves.  ",{"data":31667,"content":31671,"nodeType":996},{"target":31668},{"sys":31669},{"id":31670,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3JSTEJGtLT0hfwnkpLRP4K",[],{"data":31673,"content":31674,"nodeType":1312},{},[31675],{"data":31676,"marks":31677,"value":31678,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent multiple accounts being compromised by credential stuffing due to password reuse",{"data":31680,"content":31681,"nodeType":860},{},[31682],{"data":31683,"marks":31684,"value":31685,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The credential stuffing tools that attackers use will target a long list of popular business apps. If a password is reused across multiple apps and is breached, the blast radius is naturally increased – the attacker will be able to hijack multiple accounts, across numerous business applications.",{"data":31687,"content":31688,"nodeType":860},{},[31689],{"data":31690,"marks":31691,"value":31692,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push detects when employees are trying to use the same password across multiple apps. When this happens, you can request that they change their password.",{"data":31694,"content":31698,"nodeType":996},{"target":31695},{"sys":31696},{"id":31697,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7ARHp2JPiHeKRYHwa2jwIZ",[],{"data":31700,"content":31701,"nodeType":1312},{},[31702],{"data":31703,"marks":31704,"value":31705,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent password spraying breaches",{"data":31707,"content":31708,"nodeType":860},{},[31709],{"data":31710,"marks":31711,"value":31712,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To stop your employees’ accounts from being breached by password spraying attacks, Push checks every password to see if it is easily guessable for attackers.",{"data":31714,"content":31715,"nodeType":860},{},[31716],{"data":31717,"marks":31718,"value":31719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To determine if a password is easily guessable, the Push browser agent automatically checks the password against:",{"data":31721,"content":31722,"nodeType":941},{},[31723,31733,31743],{"data":31724,"content":31725,"nodeType":945},{},[31726],{"data":31727,"content":31728,"nodeType":860},{},[31729],{"data":31730,"marks":31731,"value":31732,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A list of top 10,000 weak base passwords.",{"data":31734,"content":31735,"nodeType":945},{},[31736],{"data":31737,"content":31738,"nodeType":860},{},[31739],{"data":31740,"marks":31741,"value":31742,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Number and special character variations on these weak base passwords, for example: Password1! or January2022.",{"data":31744,"content":31745,"nodeType":945},{},[31746],{"data":31747,"content":31748,"nodeType":860},{},[31749],{"data":31750,"marks":31751,"value":31752,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Variations on these weak base passwords that replace letters with numerals (1337), for example: P455w0rd.",{"data":31754,"content":31755,"nodeType":860},{},[31756],{"data":31757,"marks":31758,"value":31759,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also add your own custom word list that employees and attackers will predictably try and use. Push will then stop those words being used as part of passwords.",{"data":31761,"content":31762,"nodeType":1312},{},[31763],{"data":31764,"marks":31765,"value":31766,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detect unauthorized sessions  ",{"data":31768,"content":31769,"nodeType":860},{},[31770],{"data":31771,"marks":31772,"value":31773,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once you have enabled all the Push controls that prevent employees from creating and using accounts that can be easily compromised by credential stuffing and password spraying attacks, the next line of defense is to detect when accounts are taken over.",{"data":31775,"content":31776,"nodeType":860},{},[31777],{"data":31778,"marks":31779,"value":31780,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses its browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. You then add the list of domains that you want to have injected with the session marker. ",{"data":31782,"content":31783,"nodeType":860},{},[31784],{"data":31785,"marks":31786,"value":31787,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This indicates that the session is not being used by the legitimate user (your employees) in their usual work browser, and could be an attacker using their account. ",{"data":31789,"content":31790,"nodeType":1312},{},[31791],{"data":31792,"marks":31793,"value":31794,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reduce your identity attack surface",{"data":31796,"content":31797,"nodeType":860},{},[31798],{"data":31799,"marks":31800,"value":31801,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, you’ll likely want to reduce your attack surface that can be targeted by credential stuffing. In other words, reduce the number of username and password accounts your employees have. ",{"data":31803,"content":31804,"nodeType":860},{},[31805],{"data":31806,"marks":31807,"value":31808,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are a few ways that Push can help you do this.",{"data":31810,"content":31811,"nodeType":941},{},[31812,31827,31842],{"data":31813,"content":31814,"nodeType":945},{},[31815],{"data":31816,"content":31817,"nodeType":860},{},[31818,31823],{"data":31819,"marks":31820,"value":31822,"nodeType":864},{},[31821],{"type":899},"Block access to unapproved apps",{"data":31824,"marks":31825,"value":31826,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Using Push, you can create a block list of apps that you don’t want your users to create accounts and identities on.",{"data":31828,"content":31829,"nodeType":945},{},[31830],{"data":31831,"content":31832,"nodeType":860},{},[31833,31838],{"data":31834,"marks":31835,"value":31837,"nodeType":864},{},[31836],{"type":899},"Use app banners to stop users from creating local accounts",{"data":31839,"marks":31840,"value":31841,"nodeType":864},{},[],". When an employee goes to sign up to an app, Push will present an app banner that tells them to use their SSO identity and not to create a username and password account.",{"data":31843,"content":31844,"nodeType":945},{},[31845],{"data":31846,"content":31847,"nodeType":860},{},[31848,31853],{"data":31849,"marks":31850,"value":31852,"nodeType":864},{},[31851],{"type":899},"Get existing accounts and apps behind SSO",{"data":31854,"marks":31855,"value":31856,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Push shows you how your employees are logging in to every account on every app, including whether they’re using SAML or OIDC SSO. Armed with this data, you can get your employees to use your preferred SSO solution on the apps where it’s already available, and look into whether other popular apps being used in the business offer SSO.",{"data":31858,"content":31862,"nodeType":996},{"target":31859},{"sys":31860},{"id":31861,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3y8L55hbcQaRYPCdYYb3xA",[],{"data":31864,"content":31865,"nodeType":1009},{},[31866],{"data":31867,"marks":31868,"value":31869,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stop account takeover at the push of a button",{"data":31871,"content":31872,"nodeType":860},{},[31873,31877,31884,31888,31893,31896,31901,31905,31909],{"data":31874,"marks":31875,"value":31876,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve described a lot of controls in this article. The good news is that they’re all pre-configured on the the ",{"data":31878,"content":31880,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31879},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/manage-security-controls/#start",[31881],{"data":31882,"marks":31883,"value":28568,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31885,"marks":31886,"value":31887,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page in the Push platform. When you get started with Push, you can simply turn on all the controls you want, and decide whether you want them to work in ",{"data":31889,"marks":31890,"value":31892,"nodeType":864},{},[31891],{"type":899},"monitor",{"data":31894,"marks":31895,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31897,"marks":31898,"value":31900,"nodeType":864},{},[31899],{"type":899},"warn",{"data":31902,"marks":31903,"value":31904,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode or ",{"data":31906,"marks":31907,"value":87,"nodeType":864},{},[31908],{"type":899},{"data":31910,"marks":31911,"value":31912,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode.    ",{"data":31914,"content":31918,"nodeType":996},{"target":31915},{"sys":31916},{"id":31917,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6FCuO78yQMNZvkcbcALmis",[],{"data":31920,"content":31921,"nodeType":1312},{},[31922],{"data":31923,"marks":31924,"value":31925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"See it for yourself",{"data":31927,"content":31928,"nodeType":860},{},[31929,31933,31939],{"data":31930,"marks":31931,"value":31932,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To learn more, ",{"data":31934,"content":31935,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},[31936],{"data":31937,"marks":31938,"value":29210,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31940,"marks":31941,"value":31942,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you these features, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO.",{"data":31944,"content":31948,"nodeType":996},{"target":31945},{"sys":31946},{"id":31947,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4IRtR9zicpB7lXdz2RvIlK",[],{"data":31950,"content":31951,"nodeType":860},{},[31952],{"data":31953,"marks":31954,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hackers don’t hack in, they log in: How to prevent account takeover with Push","How Push stops attackers from using identity attack tools and techniques to compromise your employee user accounts. ","2024-08-19T00:00:00.000Z","how-to-prevent-account-takeover-with-push",{"items":31960},[31961,31963],{"sys":31962,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":31964,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"items":31966},[31967],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":31968},{"url":4881},{"__typename":2059,"sys":31970,"content":31972,"title":33037,"synopsis":33038,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":33039,"slug":33040,"tagsCollection":33041,"authorsCollection":33047},{"id":31971},"1LxqUNZpD2VynzSqbv719Z",{"json":31973},{"data":31974,"content":31975,"nodeType":856},{},[31976,31995,32002,32009,32016,32023,32026,32033,32122,32129,32136,32143,32158,32178,32185,32188,32195,32202,32208,32225,32249,32256,32263,32295,32327,32334,32352,32359,32366,32373,32381,32388,32417,32423,32440,32472,32479,32498,32505,32512,32530,32537,32544,32547,32554,32561,32568,32571,32578,32585,32592,32611,32747,32754,32757,32764,32771,32872,32879,32886,32889,32896,32903,32956,32963,32970,32973,32980,32987,33006,33025,33031],{"data":31977,"content":31978,"nodeType":860},{},[31979,31983,31991],{"data":31980,"marks":31981,"value":31982,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we created the ",{"data":31984,"content":31985,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20791},[31986],{"data":31987,"marks":31988,"value":31990,"nodeType":864},{},[31989],{"type":1455},"SaaS attack matrix",{"data":31992,"marks":31993,"value":31994,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we made a conscious break away from the endpoint-focused techniques captured in industry resources like the MITRE ATT&CK Framework. ",{"data":31996,"content":31997,"nodeType":860},{},[31998],{"data":31999,"marks":32000,"value":32001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At the time, we were anticipating a shift that was yet to fully materialize. But, a lot can change (and has changed) in the space of a year. We’ve seen the impact of SaaS account takeover attacks laid bare. Snowflake, billed one of the biggest breaches in history, is a telling example that we’ll no doubt look back on as a watershed moment. ",{"data":32003,"content":32004,"nodeType":860},{},[32005],{"data":32006,"marks":32007,"value":32008,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It isn’t an exaggeration or marketing fluff to say that identity attacks are the #1 threat facing organizations today. SaaS apps, and the identities that are used to access them, are clearly the weakest link – and therefore the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to reach for. ",{"data":32010,"content":32011,"nodeType":860},{},[32012],{"data":32013,"marks":32014,"value":32015,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This makes resources like the SaaS attack matrix more relevant than ever – both for red teams seeking to emulate the latest offensive techniques, and blue teams trying to defend against them. Understanding these techniques is essential for building effective defenses, and identifying where new platforms and controls are required to do so. ",{"data":32017,"content":32018,"nodeType":860},{},[32019],{"data":32020,"marks":32021,"value":32022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s take a look at what we’ve learned so far.",{"data":32024,"content":32025,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32027,"content":32028,"nodeType":1009},{},[32029],{"data":32030,"marks":32031,"value":32032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hot right now: Initial access techniques",{"data":32034,"content":32035,"nodeType":860},{},[32036,32040,32047,32050,32059,32062,32071,32074,32083,32086,32095,32099,32108,32111,32119],{"data":32037,"marks":32038,"value":32039,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The majority of techniques we've seen rise to prominence in 2023/4 sit predominantly in the initial access phase. Since the matrix first launched, we’ve added more techniques to initial access than any other category, including ",{"data":32041,"content":32042,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20583},[32043],{"data":32044,"marks":32045,"value":13417,"nodeType":864},{},[32046],{"type":1455},{"data":32048,"marks":32049,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32051,"content":32053,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32052},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/aitm_phishing/description.md",[32054],{"data":32055,"marks":32056,"value":32058,"nodeType":864},{},[32057],{"type":1455},"AitM phishing",{"data":32060,"marks":32061,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32063,"content":32065,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32064},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/session_cookie_theft/description.md",[32066],{"data":32067,"marks":32068,"value":32070,"nodeType":864},{},[32069],{"type":1455},"session cookie theft",{"data":32072,"marks":32073,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32075,"content":32077,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32076},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_downgrade/description.md",[32078],{"data":32079,"marks":32080,"value":32082,"nodeType":864},{},[32081],{"type":1455},"MFA downgrade attacks",{"data":32084,"marks":32085,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32087,"content":32089,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32088},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/guest_access_abuse/description.md",[32090],{"data":32091,"marks":32092,"value":32094,"nodeType":864},{},[32093],{"type":1455},"guest access abuse,",{"data":32096,"marks":32097,"value":32098,"nodeType":864},{},[]," all of which are methods of account takeover – complementing the classics like ",{"data":32100,"content":32102,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32101},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/credential_stuffing/description.md",[32103],{"data":32104,"marks":32105,"value":32107,"nodeType":864},{},[32106],{"type":1455},"credential stuffing",{"data":32109,"marks":32110,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32112,"content":32114,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32113},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/email_phishing/description.md",[32115],{"data":32116,"marks":32117,"value":32118,"nodeType":864},{},[],"email phishing",{"data":32120,"marks":32121,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32123,"content":32124,"nodeType":860},{},[32125],{"data":32126,"marks":32127,"value":32128,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ll spend a bit of time delving into these techniques in the next section, but let’s first consider what this tells us about SaaS attacks. ",{"data":32130,"content":32131,"nodeType":1312},{},[32132],{"data":32133,"marks":32134,"value":32135,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity attacks are the leading cause of SaaS breaches",{"data":32137,"content":32138,"nodeType":860},{},[32139],{"data":32140,"marks":32141,"value":32142,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The initial identity attack designed to achieve account takeover is the most important part of the SaaS attack chain. The fact that attackers are focused on finding new ways of compromising identities illustrates the value, but also the fragility of the identity controls that most organizations are relying on (which may also be one of the reasons attackers are fixated on it). Whether we’re talking about anti-phishing protections, conditional access policies, or MFA – attackers are continually finding new ways of getting around them.",{"data":32144,"content":32145,"nodeType":860},{},[32146,32150,32155],{"data":32147,"marks":32148,"value":32149,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And, if all an attacker really needs to do to cause harm is log into an app and abuse its legitimate features and functions, there really is no margin for error – you need to successfully stop the initial identity attack ",{"data":32151,"marks":32152,"value":32154,"nodeType":864},{},[32153],{"type":899},"every time",{"data":32156,"marks":32157,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32159,"content":32160,"nodeType":860},{},[32161,32165,32174],{"data":32162,"marks":32163,"value":32164,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can’t rely on your endpoint and network controls to catch them later like you used to. Equally, it’s unlikely that your CASB or DLP solution can stop a legitimate app using legitimate features like ",{"data":32166,"content":32168,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32167},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/shadow_workflows/description.md",[32169],{"data":32170,"marks":32171,"value":32173,"nodeType":864},{},[32172],{"type":1455},"API-based workflows",{"data":32175,"marks":32176,"value":32177,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from sending data to attacker-controlled infrastructure. ",{"data":32179,"content":32180,"nodeType":860},{},[32181],{"data":32182,"marks":32183,"value":32184,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s a classic case of attackers only needing to win once. And right now, it’s a numbers game that they’re winning enough to keep them coming back for more. ",{"data":32186,"content":32187,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32189,"content":32190,"nodeType":1009},{},[32191],{"data":32192,"marks":32193,"value":32194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most wanted: Techniques gaining notoriety in the wild",{"data":32196,"content":32197,"nodeType":860},{},[32198],{"data":32199,"marks":32200,"value":32201,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at some of the techniques we’ve seen rise to prominence in 2023/4. ",{"data":32203,"content":32204,"nodeType":1312},{},[32205],{"data":32206,"marks":32207,"value":395,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32209,"content":32210,"nodeType":860},{},[32211,32214,32221],{"data":32212,"marks":32213,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32215,"content":32216,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20583},[32217],{"data":32218,"marks":32219,"value":395,"nodeType":864},{},[32220],{"type":1455},{"data":32222,"marks":32223,"value":32224,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is a technique that exploits the fact that SaaS user accounts often enable multiple simultaneous logins using different sign-in methods. ",{"data":32226,"content":32227,"nodeType":860},{},[32228,32232,32237,32240,32245],{"data":32229,"marks":32230,"value":32231,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins can be used for both the ",{"data":32233,"marks":32234,"value":32236,"nodeType":864},{},[32235],{"type":899},"initial access",{"data":32238,"marks":32239,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32241,"marks":32242,"value":32244,"nodeType":864},{},[32243],{"type":899},"persistence",{"data":32246,"marks":32247,"value":32248,"nodeType":864},{},[]," stages of a cyber attack, doubling up as a defense evasion technique because of low login method visibility.",{"data":32250,"content":32251,"nodeType":860},{},[32252],{"data":32253,"marks":32254,"value":32255,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For initial access, the technique exploits the fact that local and SSO logins can exist simultaneously. Given that many apps are self-adopted by users, it’s likely that many users will default to a local username and password login at this stage. If the app is later adopted companywide and brought into SSO, the original local login will continue to exist unless explicitly disabled or deleted. ",{"data":32257,"content":32258,"nodeType":860},{},[32259],{"data":32260,"marks":32261,"value":32262,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because MFA is applied at the app and IdP level independently, it is possible to end up with an SSO login that requires MFA (via the IdP login), but a local login that does not. This creates an easy target identity for attackers to look for. When combined with other identity vulnerabilities such as weak, breached, and/or reused passwords, attackers can easily automate ghost login discovery and exploitation at scale.  ",{"data":32264,"content":32265,"nodeType":860},{},[32266,32270,32278,32282,32291],{"data":32267,"marks":32268,"value":32269,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We saw the impact of ghost logins for initial access with ",{"data":32271,"content":32272,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27890},[32273],{"data":32274,"marks":32275,"value":32277,"nodeType":864},{},[32276],{"type":1455},"the recent ShinyHunters campaign against Snowflake customers",{"data":32279,"marks":32280,"value":32281,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Because Snowflake accounts did not require mandatory MFA for accounts, or give admins the ability to enforce MFA by default, attackers were able to find and exploit a large number of Snowflake accounts using breached credentials from historical data breach dumps. Much of the industry response focused on ensuring SSO and MFA were deployed, but ",{"data":32283,"content":32285,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32284},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/demonstrating-ghost-logins-in-snowflake-and-how-to-remediate-them/",[32286],{"data":32287,"marks":32288,"value":32290,"nodeType":864},{},[32289],{"type":1455},"the practicalities of gathering data and manually unsetting local passwords in Snowflake",{"data":32292,"marks":32293,"value":32294,"nodeType":864},{},[]," meant that ghost logins were easy to overlook by organizations responding to the attacks.   ",{"data":32296,"content":32297,"nodeType":860},{},[32298,32302,32310,32314,32323],{"data":32299,"marks":32300,"value":32301,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins can also be created after an attacker has established access to an app. For example, if a social login is used to access an account, an adversary may be able to configure a separate username/password login, or even (though much less commonly) connect a second social account that the adversary controls. If the account has sufficient privileges, it may also be possible to ",{"data":32303,"content":32304,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5876},[32305],{"data":32306,"marks":32307,"value":32309,"nodeType":864},{},[32308],{"type":1455},"set up or change the SAML login settings to inject a malicious URL",{"data":32311,"marks":32312,"value":32313,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (for example to an attacker controlled tenant) or simply ",{"data":32315,"content":32317,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32316},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_keys/description.md",[32318],{"data":32319,"marks":32320,"value":32322,"nodeType":864},{},[32321],{"type":1455},"configure API access",{"data":32324,"marks":32325,"value":32326,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to forgo the need to log in entirely. ",{"data":32328,"content":32329,"nodeType":1312},{},[32330],{"data":32331,"marks":32332,"value":32333,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing ",{"data":32335,"content":32336,"nodeType":860},{},[32337,32340,32348],{"data":32338,"marks":32339,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32341,"content":32342,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32052},[32343],{"data":32344,"marks":32345,"value":32347,"nodeType":864},{},[32346],{"type":1455},"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing",{"data":32349,"marks":32350,"value":32351,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is a newer variant of phishing that uses dedicated tooling to act as a web proxy between the victim and a legitimate login portal for an application the victim has access to, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection (with the victim responding to the MFA request as part of the attack).",{"data":32353,"content":32354,"nodeType":860},{},[32355],{"data":32356,"marks":32357,"value":32358,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. For example, if accessing their webmail, the user will see all their real emails; if accessing their cloud file store then all their real files will be present, etc. ",{"data":32360,"content":32361,"nodeType":860},{},[32362],{"data":32363,"marks":32364,"value":32365,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This gives AitM an increased sense of authenticity and makes the compromise less obvious to the user. Because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions and take control of the authenticated session. ",{"data":32367,"content":32368,"nodeType":860},{},[32369],{"data":32370,"marks":32371,"value":32372,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside AitM phishing is Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM), really a form of sub-technique. Rather than act as a reverse web proxy, this technique tricks a target into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser remotely using desktop screen sharing and control approaches (such as VNC and RDP). ",{"data":32374,"content":32375,"nodeType":860},{},[32376],{"data":32377,"marks":32378,"value":32380,"nodeType":864},{},[32379],{"type":899},"This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to login to Okta for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards.",{"data":32382,"content":32383,"nodeType":860},{},[32384],{"data":32385,"marks":32386,"value":32387,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A growing majority of modern phishing attacks typically leverage AitM or BitM tooling – they are now the standard choice for threat actors, offering the ability to bypass MFA without any real tradeoff. ",{"data":32389,"content":32390,"nodeType":860},{},[32391,32395,32403,32406,32414],{"data":32392,"marks":32393,"value":32394,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For more information you can ",{"data":32396,"content":32397,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24563},[32398],{"data":32399,"marks":32400,"value":32402,"nodeType":864},{},[32401],{"type":1455},"read our recent blog post",{"data":32404,"marks":32405,"value":28717,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32407,"content":32408,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31241},[32409],{"data":32410,"marks":32411,"value":32413,"nodeType":864},{},[32412],{"type":1455},"watch our on-demand webinar on Phishing 2.0 to see AitM and BitM tools like Evilginx and EvilnoVNC in action",{"data":32415,"marks":32416,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32418,"content":32419,"nodeType":1312},{},[32420],{"data":32421,"marks":32422,"value":333,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32424,"content":32425,"nodeType":860},{},[32426,32429,32436],{"data":32427,"marks":32428,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32430,"content":32431,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32101},[32432],{"data":32433,"marks":32434,"value":333,"nodeType":864},{},[32435],{"type":1455},{"data":32437,"marks":32438,"value":32439,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks continue to pose a risk to organizations. Despite the fact that MFA has now become an expected control, accounts without MFA continue to be hacked as a result of using weak, reused, and/or previously breached credentials. ",{"data":32441,"content":32442,"nodeType":860},{},[32443,32447,32455,32459,32468],{"data":32444,"marks":32445,"value":32446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credential stuffing is being fed by an increase in the number of ",{"data":32448,"content":32450,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32449},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/?utm_source=ebook&utm_medium=organic",[32451],{"data":32452,"marks":32453,"value":423,"nodeType":864},{},[32454],{"type":1455},{"data":32456,"marks":32457,"value":32458,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks designed to harvest credentials to be sold on criminal marketplaces. Infostealers have been boosted by the success of the Snowflake attacks (",{"data":32460,"content":32462,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32461},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024?utm_source=ebook&utm_medium=organic",[32463],{"data":32464,"marks":32465,"value":32467,"nodeType":864},{},[32466],{"type":1455},"where 80% of the credentials used to access accounts could be traced back to infostealer infections dating back to 2020",{"data":32469,"marks":32470,"value":32471,"nodeType":864},{},[],"). ",{"data":32473,"content":32474,"nodeType":1312},{},[32475],{"data":32476,"marks":32477,"value":32478,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Session cookie theft",{"data":32480,"content":32481,"nodeType":860},{},[32482,32486,32494],{"data":32483,"marks":32484,"value":32485,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are increasingly ",{"data":32487,"content":32488,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32064},[32489],{"data":32490,"marks":32491,"value":32493,"nodeType":864},{},[32492],{"type":1455},"targeting session cookies",{"data":32495,"marks":32496,"value":32497,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to be able to hijack live user sessions as a means of getting around MFA. Although session cookies are predominantly stolen via infostealers, techniques like AitM and BitM phishing described above are also methods of stealing session cookies and hijacking sessions.",{"data":32499,"content":32500,"nodeType":860},{},[32501],{"data":32502,"marks":32503,"value":32504,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the majority of infostealer data dumps result in credential stuffing attacks rather than session hijacking, as the infostealer marketplace continues to heat up, it’s likely that more instances of session cookie theft will be the cause of breaches going forward. ",{"data":32506,"content":32507,"nodeType":1312},{},[32508],{"data":32509,"marks":32510,"value":32511,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA downgrade",{"data":32513,"content":32514,"nodeType":860},{},[32515,32519,32526],{"data":32516,"marks":32517,"value":32518,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While many organizations are waking up to the fact that it’s not enough to have any old MFA method, it’s still often overlooked that you need to actually remove or disable the phishable methods. Otherwise, in many cases they remain valid, opening affected identities up to ",{"data":32520,"content":32521,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32076},[32522],{"data":32523,"marks":32524,"value":32511,"nodeType":864},{},[32525],{"type":1455},{"data":32527,"marks":32528,"value":32529,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks. ",{"data":32531,"content":32532,"nodeType":860},{},[32533],{"data":32534,"marks":32535,"value":32536,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Just because a user has a phishing-resistant factor setup (such as passkeys) and may use them by default, it does not mean they are necessarily enforced. Often, services support the use of multiple authentication options, particularly for second factors. In particular, passkeys are device-bound and so enforcing their use prevents logins from other devices and can cause recovery issues in a lost/broken device scenario. Therefore, it’s common for the default case to be that passkey authentication is optional, rather than required.",{"data":32538,"content":32539,"nodeType":860},{},[32540],{"data":32541,"marks":32542,"value":32543,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When used in combination with AitM phishing tools, it’s possible for attackers to modify requests/responses so as to prevent the ability of passkeys to be selected as a login option and prompting the user to use vulnerable factors, such as passwords, TOTPs and push notifications instead. Since the server-side supports other authentication options, if the user continues and enters one of these alternative factors then their authenticated session will be compromised – despite the fact they usually use phishing-resistant MFA methods like passkeys or similar.",{"data":32545,"content":32546,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32548,"content":32549,"nodeType":1009},{},[32550],{"data":32551,"marks":32552,"value":32553,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use case inspo: How red teamers are using the SaaS attack matrix",{"data":32555,"content":32556,"nodeType":860},{},[32557],{"data":32558,"marks":32559,"value":32560,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The techniques that advanced red teams are using to (ethically) hack into their clients are always a good indicator of what direction hackers in the real world are headed.  ",{"data":32562,"content":32563,"nodeType":860},{},[32564],{"data":32565,"marks":32566,"value":32567,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We spoke to a few of the best red teams around to see how they are using the matrix: Let’s see what they had to say. ",{"data":32569,"content":32570,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32572,"content":32573,"nodeType":1312},{},[32574],{"data":32575,"marks":32576,"value":32577,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Rob Maslen | Managing Principal Consultant | MDSec",{"data":32579,"content":32580,"nodeType":860},{},[32581],{"data":32582,"marks":32583,"value":32584,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“We use the matrix throughout our engagements: When scoping and proposing projects to clients, during testing to assist our consultants in successfully utilizing novel SaaS-attack techniques, and for reporting to provide a common language across the vendors that they work with. ",{"data":32586,"content":32587,"nodeType":860},{},[32588],{"data":32589,"marks":32590,"value":32591,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s been most useful to us when performing engagements on more modern Zero Trust Environments where macOS is predominantly the Operating System of choice. The objectives tend to be either access to critical applications that reside within the cloud and require the compromise of SaaS credentials, or to gain privileged access to a SaaS application. Whilst resources like the MITRE ATT&CK Framework can help to describe the techniques that have been used against a more traditional environment, the SaaS Matrix aids with performing and describing attacks against a more modern infrastructure.  ",{"data":32593,"content":32594,"nodeType":860},{},[32595,32599,32607],{"data":32596,"marks":32597,"value":32598,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The technique we’ve seen most success with, across both traditional Active Directory attacks and more modern Zero Trust Environments, is ",{"data":32600,"content":32601,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32064},[32602],{"data":32603,"marks":32604,"value":32606,"nodeType":864},{},[32605],{"type":1455},"Session Cookie Theft",{"data":32608,"marks":32609,"value":32610,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The protection of browser cookies (for inexplicable reasons) has had less engineering attention than it should have, opening up opportunities for lateral movement using session cookies, credentials, or API keys recovered from a host becomes a key technique. In our experience defensive tooling has yet to catch up with this threat. ",{"data":32612,"content":32613,"nodeType":860},{},[32614,32618,32627,32630,32639,32642,32651,32654,32662,32665,32674,32677,32685,32688,32696,32699,32708,32711,32719,32723,32732,32735,32744],{"data":32615,"marks":32616,"value":32617,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve also seen success with various techniques across Kill Chain stages, including ",{"data":32619,"content":32621,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32620},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/subdomain_tenant_discovery/description.md",[32622],{"data":32623,"marks":32624,"value":32626,"nodeType":864},{},[32625],{"type":1455},"Subdomain tenant discovery",{"data":32628,"marks":32629,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32631,"content":32633,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32632},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/dns_reconnaissance/description.md",[32634],{"data":32635,"marks":32636,"value":32638,"nodeType":864},{},[32637],{"type":1455},"DNS reconnaissance",{"data":32640,"marks":32641,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32643,"content":32645,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32644},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/username_enumeration/description.md",[32646],{"data":32647,"marks":32648,"value":32650,"nodeType":864},{},[32649],{"type":1455},"username enumeration",{"data":32652,"marks":32653,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32655,"content":32656,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21247},[32657],{"data":32658,"marks":32659,"value":32661,"nodeType":864},{},[32660],{"type":1455},"consent phishing",{"data":32663,"marks":32664,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32666,"content":32668,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32667},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/device_code_phishing/description.md",[32669],{"data":32670,"marks":32671,"value":32673,"nodeType":864},{},[32672],{"type":1455},"device code phishing",{"data":32675,"marks":32676,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32678,"content":32679,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32088},[32680],{"data":32681,"marks":32682,"value":32684,"nodeType":864},{},[32683],{"type":1455},"guest access abuse",{"data":32686,"marks":32687,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32689,"content":32690,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32167},[32691],{"data":32692,"marks":32693,"value":32695,"nodeType":864},{},[32694],{"type":1455},"shadow workflows",{"data":32697,"marks":32698,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32700,"content":32702,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32701},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/oauth_tokens/description.md",[32703],{"data":32704,"marks":32705,"value":32707,"nodeType":864},{},[32706],{"type":1455},"OAuth tokens",{"data":32709,"marks":32710,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32712,"content":32713,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32316},[32714],{"data":32715,"marks":32716,"value":32718,"nodeType":864},{},[32717],{"type":1455},"API keys",{"data":32720,"marks":32721,"value":32722,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (as long as you ensure the target isn't notified – make sure you delete the notification of creation email!), ",{"data":32724,"content":32726,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32725},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_secret_theft/description.md",[32727],{"data":32728,"marks":32729,"value":32731,"nodeType":864},{},[32730],{"type":1455},"API secret theft",{"data":32733,"marks":32734,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32736,"content":32738,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32737},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_backdooring/description.md",[32739],{"data":32740,"marks":32741,"value":32743,"nodeType":864},{},[32742],{"type":1455},"link backdooring",{"data":32745,"marks":32746,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32748,"content":32749,"nodeType":860},{},[32750],{"data":32751,"marks":32752,"value":32753,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Embracing the modern Zero Trust architecture with its greater SaaS usage does not come without security risks, and while it does invalidate a large number of the attacks that can be performed within an AD environment, the SaaS attack matrix is a great way of illustrating how these attacks work, as well as helping red and blue teams respectively to simulate and defend against them.\" ",{"data":32755,"content":32756,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32758,"content":32759,"nodeType":1312},{},[32760],{"data":32761,"marks":32762,"value":32763,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tom Ellson | Head of Offensive Security | Stripe OLT",{"data":32765,"content":32766,"nodeType":860},{},[32767],{"data":32768,"marks":32769,"value":32770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“We've used the SaaS attack matrix across several cloud-native engagements, for both initial access and lateral movement. My go-to techniques so far have been:",{"data":32772,"content":32773,"nodeType":941},{},[32774,32801,32823,32845],{"data":32775,"content":32776,"nodeType":945},{},[32777],{"data":32778,"content":32779,"nodeType":860},{},[32780,32783,32793,32797],{"data":32781,"marks":32782,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32784,"content":32786,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32785},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_phishing/description.md",[32787],{"data":32788,"marks":32789,"value":32792,"nodeType":864},{},[32790,32791],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"IM phishing:",{"data":32794,"marks":32795,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[32796],{"type":899},{"data":32798,"marks":32799,"value":32800,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing via Microsoft Teams in particular has been highly successful, especially when paired with a number of abusable “features” (working as intended, clearly). ",{"data":32802,"content":32803,"nodeType":945},{},[32804],{"data":32805,"content":32806,"nodeType":860},{},[32807,32810,32819],{"data":32808,"marks":32809,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32811,"content":32812,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32667},[32813],{"data":32814,"marks":32815,"value":32818,"nodeType":864},{},[32816,32817],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"Device code phishing:",{"data":32820,"marks":32821,"value":32822,"nodeType":864},{},[]," We use this for both initial access and persistence. It’s a great way of getting around MFA by tricking the victim into following the device approval process for our device, but using their device. ",{"data":32824,"content":32825,"nodeType":945},{},[32826],{"data":32827,"content":32828,"nodeType":860},{},[32829,32832,32841],{"data":32830,"marks":32831,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32833,"content":32834,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32052},[32835],{"data":32836,"marks":32837,"value":32840,"nodeType":864},{},[32838,32839],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"AitM phishing:",{"data":32842,"marks":32843,"value":32844,"nodeType":864},{},[]," This is now a staple for credential harvesting. Better security controls force us to abuse other avenues to bypass conditional access policies, such as extraction of the PRT token from the end user device, thus granting us claimed access, which can be achieved using AitM and BitM techniques.",{"data":32846,"content":32847,"nodeType":945},{},[32848],{"data":32849,"content":32850,"nodeType":860},{},[32851,32854,32864,32868],{"data":32852,"marks":32853,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32855,"content":32857,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32856},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/oauth_token_enumeration/description.md",[32858],{"data":32859,"marks":32860,"value":32863,"nodeType":864},{},[32861,32862],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"OAuth token enumeration:",{"data":32865,"marks":32866,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[32867],{"type":899},{"data":32869,"marks":32870,"value":32871,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once an account has been compromised, the Myapps portal is commonly used to validate the accessible applications and further target downstream apps to access data and functionality. ",{"data":32873,"content":32874,"nodeType":860},{},[32875],{"data":32876,"marks":32877,"value":32878,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re usually targeting M365 environments but have still found these attack techniques to be highly effective. In some cases, we’ve leveraged other SaaS applications such as abusing in-app phishing via GitHub to compromise development pipelines. The matrix is particularly useful as a playbook of further attacks once initial access has been established. Even just the awareness of how to pivot from SaaS to SaaS (and sometimes back to Microsoft or Google) is really eye-opening for red teams, and adds a new dimension to the security testing that our clients are used to experiencing. ",{"data":32880,"content":32881,"nodeType":860},{},[32882],{"data":32883,"marks":32884,"value":32885,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because of the success of using these methods, we’ve now incorporated the SaaS attack matrix techniques into our purple teaming methodology to ensure that our clients can build awareness of their detection visibility gaps when it comes to identity attacks, and are routinely benchmarked against them.”  ",{"data":32887,"content":32888,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32890,"content":32891,"nodeType":1312},{},[32892],{"data":32893,"marks":32894,"value":32895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Max Corbridge | Head of Adversarial Simulation | JUMPSEC",{"data":32897,"content":32898,"nodeType":860},{},[32899],{"data":32900,"marks":32901,"value":32902,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“I’ve been a big fan of the matrix from day one. We use it for two main purposes – as a catalog of TTPs to apply during threat modeling exercises with cloud-native clients, and as a guide for how to apply novel TTPs to different apps and situations. The wiki descriptions, video demonstrations and references help enormously with this. ",{"data":32904,"content":32905,"nodeType":860},{},[32906,32910,32918,32921,32928,32931,32940,32943,32952],{"data":32907,"marks":32908,"value":32909,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve mostly relied on ",{"data":32911,"content":32912,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32785},[32913],{"data":32914,"marks":32915,"value":32917,"nodeType":864},{},[32916],{"type":1455},"IM phishing",{"data":32919,"marks":32920,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32922,"content":32923,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32052},[32924],{"data":32925,"marks":32926,"value":32058,"nodeType":864},{},[32927],{"type":1455},{"data":32929,"marks":32930,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32932,"content":32934,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32933},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/abuse_existing_oauth_integrations/description.md",[32935],{"data":32936,"marks":32937,"value":32939,"nodeType":864},{},[32938],{"type":1455},"abusing OAuth integrations",{"data":32941,"marks":32942,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32944,"content":32946,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32945},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/samljacking/description.md",[32947],{"data":32948,"marks":32949,"value":32951,"nodeType":864},{},[32950],{"type":1455},"SAMLjacking",{"data":32953,"marks":32954,"value":32955,"nodeType":864},{},[],". In one recent engagement, we were able to compromise a cloud identity with limited permissions in the target Azure environment. We were able to enumerate additional OAuth integrations to laterally move to a third-party IT Service Management SaaS application, which presented a much easier target to elevate privileges. We actually ended up finding a number of 0-days in the application, which we then used as a trusted platform to launch a covert spear-phishing campaign against specific high-privilege users, communicating back-and-forth as though we were a genuine support team, and hiding risky changes to cover our tracks. Ultimately we were able to pivot back into the target Azure estate, but now with administrative privileges. ",{"data":32957,"content":32958,"nodeType":860},{},[32959],{"data":32960,"marks":32961,"value":32962,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This really shows how third-party identities and apps are often the soft underbelly for a lot of otherwise pretty secure orgs that we work with, and we’re enjoying the challenge of finding new ways of getting to the crown jewels. ",{"data":32964,"content":32965,"nodeType":860},{},[32966],{"data":32967,"marks":32968,"value":32969,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In my eyes the world of cloud and SaaS-native attack techniques is under-researched for how increasingly relevant it is becoming. Many of the older TTPs and tradecraft are no longer relevant in a cloud-native world, and even when the techniques are consistent with the ways we used to target networks and endpoints, the context and how it actually works is completely different. So, resources like the SaaS attack matrix will continue to be needed for both offensive and defensive security practitioners going forwards”.",{"data":32971,"content":32972,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32974,"content":32975,"nodeType":1009},{},[32976],{"data":32977,"marks":32978,"value":32979,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get involved!",{"data":32981,"content":32982,"nodeType":860},{},[32983],{"data":32984,"marks":32985,"value":32986,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hopefully you're now feeling inspired to get involved and start applying the SaaS attack matrix yourself. And if you’ve been using the matrix and want to share your experience with us, we’d love to hear from you. ",{"data":32988,"content":32989,"nodeType":860},{},[32990,32994,33002],{"data":32991,"marks":32992,"value":32993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We hope to see your comments, discussions, or PRs on ",{"data":32995,"content":32996,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20791},[32997],{"data":32998,"marks":32999,"value":33001,"nodeType":864},{},[33000],{"type":1455},"GitHub",{"data":33003,"marks":33004,"value":33005,"nodeType":864},{},[],"!",{"data":33007,"content":33008,"nodeType":860},{},[33009,33013,33022],{"data":33010,"marks":33011,"value":33012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If this has piqued your interest, we’ve just released a 2024 edition of our SaaS attacks report: ",{"data":33014,"content":33016,"nodeType":883},{"uri":33015},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/book/saas-attacks-report/",[33017],{"data":33018,"marks":33019,"value":33021,"nodeType":864},{},[33020],{"type":1455},"get your copy here",{"data":33023,"marks":33024,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":33026,"content":33030,"nodeType":996},{"target":33027},{"sys":33028},{"id":33029,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"J11G6XCdDAYu0GQbKGCnm",[],{"data":33032,"content":33033,"nodeType":860},{},[33034],{"data":33035,"marks":33036,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SaaS attack matrix: A year in review","It’s been almost exactly a year since we released our open source repository of SaaS-native attack techniques. Let's reflect on what’s changed. ","2024-08-27T00:00:00.000Z","the-saas-attack-matrix-one-year-on",{"items":33042},[33043,33045],{"sys":33044,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":33046,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":33048},[33049],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":33050},{"url":2740},"shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-threat-detection","blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-threat-detection",{"json":33054},{"data":33055,"content":33056,"nodeType":856},{},[33057],{"data":33058,"content":33059,"nodeType":860},{},[33060],{"data":33061,"marks":33062,"value":33063,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the second blog in our series looking at the ‘why’ behind the ‘what’ at Push. 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As MFA becomes widespread, adversaries turn to new effective methods of initial entry.",{"data":36577,"content":36578,"nodeType":860},{},[36579],{"data":36580,"marks":36581,"value":36582,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An increasingly common approach involves the use of infostealer malware, which can extract saved credentials, browser cookies, cryptowallets, and other valuable data from the infected endpoint.",{"data":36584,"content":36585,"nodeType":860},{},[36586],{"data":36587,"marks":36588,"value":36589,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using stolen tokens, adversaries don’t need to bypass MFA directly. They can simply import the tokens into their browser and assume an already authorized session.",{"data":36591,"content":36594,"nodeType":996},{"target":36592},{"sys":36593},{"id":31334,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":36596,"content":36597,"nodeType":860},{},[36598],{"data":36599,"marks":36600,"value":36601,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A few recent stats show the scope of the problem:",{"data":36603,"content":36604,"nodeType":941},{},[36605,36627,36649,36670],{"data":36606,"content":36607,"nodeType":945},{},[36608],{"data":36609,"content":36610,"nodeType":860},{},[36611,36615,36624],{"data":36612,"marks":36613,"value":36614,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers. Source: ",{"data":36616,"content":36618,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36617},"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2024/03/12/2024-sophos-threat-report/",[36619],{"data":36620,"marks":36621,"value":36623,"nodeType":864},{},[36622],{"type":1455},"2024 Sophos Threat Report",{"data":36625,"marks":36626,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36628,"content":36629,"nodeType":945},{},[36630],{"data":36631,"content":36632,"nodeType":860},{},[36633,36637,36646],{"data":36634,"marks":36635,"value":36636,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Information-stealing malware accounted for nearly 10 percent of activity that Red Canary was able to associate with named threats last year. They also found a rise in stealer malware targeting macOS compared to previous years. Source: ",{"data":36638,"content":36640,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36639},"https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/trends/info-stealers/",[36641],{"data":36642,"marks":36643,"value":36645,"nodeType":864},{},[36644],{"type":1455},"2024 Red Canary Threat Detection Report",{"data":36647,"marks":36648,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36650,"content":36651,"nodeType":945},{},[36652],{"data":36653,"content":36654,"nodeType":860},{},[36655,36659,36667],{"data":36656,"marks":36657,"value":36658,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen credentials continued to rank as the top initial access method for breaches analyzed by Verizon. Source: ",{"data":36660,"content":36661,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28476},[36662],{"data":36663,"marks":36664,"value":36666,"nodeType":864},{},[36665],{"type":1455},"2024 Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":36668,"marks":36669,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36671,"content":36672,"nodeType":945},{},[36673],{"data":36674,"content":36675,"nodeType":860},{},[36676,36680,36688],{"data":36677,"marks":36678,"value":36679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The number of token replay attacks is increasing, with Microsoft detecting 147,000 attacks in 2023, a 111% increase year-over-year. Source: ",{"data":36681,"content":36683,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36682},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-entra-blog/how-to-break-the-token-theft-cyber-attack-chain/ba-p/4062700",[36684],{"data":36685,"marks":36686,"value":36687,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft Blog",{"data":36689,"marks":36690,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36692,"content":36693,"nodeType":1009},{},[36694],{"data":36695,"marks":36696,"value":36697,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What's missing from current defenses",{"data":36699,"content":36700,"nodeType":860},{},[36701],{"data":36702,"marks":36703,"value":36704,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When defending against infostealer malware or other forms of session and credential theft, there are a few common challenges that organizations may face:",{"data":36706,"content":36707,"nodeType":941},{},[36708,36718],{"data":36709,"content":36710,"nodeType":945},{},[36711],{"data":36712,"content":36713,"nodeType":860},{},[36714],{"data":36715,"marks":36716,"value":36717,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Their endpoint security tooling doesn’t provide complete coverage across their device fleet, though they thought it did.",{"data":36719,"content":36720,"nodeType":945},{},[36721],{"data":36722,"content":36723,"nodeType":860},{},[36724],{"data":36725,"marks":36726,"value":36727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The malware is good enough to evade EDR detection, or it was able to execute and exfiltrate sessions or other data before it was stopped.",{"data":36729,"content":36730,"nodeType":860},{},[36731],{"data":36732,"marks":36733,"value":36734,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Existing approaches to detecting stolen sessions also pose a noisy problem. Relying on IP-based or geolocation-based signals can result in frequent false positives. (And not all identity provider logs include a session identifier that you can use to perform correlations in the first place.)",{"data":36736,"content":36737,"nodeType":860},{},[36738],{"data":36739,"marks":36740,"value":36741,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The missing piece is a trusted signal for legitimate sessions that you can use to correlate with other data in order to identify unexpected activity that indicates a compromised identity and device.",{"data":36743,"content":36744,"nodeType":1009},{},[36745],{"data":36746,"marks":36747,"value":36748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Generating unique telemetry via the browser",{"data":36750,"content":36751,"nodeType":860},{},[36752],{"data":36753,"marks":36754,"value":36755,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s solution to detecting stolen sessions falls into the category of “so simple, why didn’t this already exist?”",{"data":36757,"content":36758,"nodeType":860},{},[36759],{"data":36760,"marks":36761,"value":36762,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The answer: Because you need to be in the browser to do it. The Push browser agent sits in a unique position that we can leverage to provide telemetry that otherwise would be extremely difficult to create.",{"data":36764,"content":36765,"nodeType":860},{},[36766],{"data":36767,"marks":36768,"value":36769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s how it works:",{"data":36771,"content":36772,"nodeType":941},{},[36773,36783,36793],{"data":36774,"content":36775,"nodeType":945},{},[36776],{"data":36777,"content":36778,"nodeType":860},{},[36779],{"data":36780,"marks":36781,"value":36782,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Via the Push browser agent, Push injects a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push.",{"data":36784,"content":36785,"nodeType":945},{},[36786],{"data":36787,"content":36788,"nodeType":860},{},[36789],{"data":36790,"marks":36791,"value":36792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Administrators then add the list of domains where they wish to inject the marker into sessions, such as an identity provider like Okta or Microsoft.",{"data":36794,"content":36795,"nodeType":945},{},[36796],{"data":36797,"content":36798,"nodeType":860},{},[36799,36803,36807,36811,36816],{"data":36800,"marks":36801,"value":36802,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both ",{"data":36804,"marks":36805,"value":26345,"nodeType":864},{},[36806],{"type":2246},{"data":36808,"marks":36809,"value":36810,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the Push marker and that ",{"data":36812,"marks":36813,"value":36815,"nodeType":864},{},[36814],{"type":2246},"lacks",{"data":36817,"marks":36818,"value":36819,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":36821,"content":36822,"nodeType":860},{},[36823],{"data":36824,"marks":36825,"value":36826,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is in use.",{"data":36828,"content":36832,"nodeType":996},{"target":36829},{"sys":36830},{"id":36831,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3zQamWSaZFIbMUhQZtM2II",[],{"data":36834,"content":36835,"nodeType":860},{},[36836,36840,36848],{"data":36837,"marks":36838,"value":36839,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about configuring this feature in our ",{"data":36841,"content":36842,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36506},[36843],{"data":36844,"marks":36845,"value":36847,"nodeType":864},{},[36846],{"type":1455},"Help Center",{"data":36849,"marks":36850,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36852,"content":36856,"nodeType":996},{"target":36853},{"sys":36854},{"id":36855,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"35dpGqNY6cTM0fSQRflLiO",[],{"data":36858,"content":36859,"nodeType":1009},{},[36860],{"data":36861,"marks":36862,"value":36863,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unlocking new capabilities for blue teams",{"data":36865,"content":36866,"nodeType":860},{},[36867],{"data":36868,"marks":36869,"value":36870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we’ve said before, we see browser telemetry and browser-based controls as the missing piece in security strategies to stop identity attacks — particularly for modern organizations with complex identity ecosystems that span IdPs, SaaS apps, OAuth-connected apps, and more.",{"data":36872,"content":36873,"nodeType":860},{},[36874],{"data":36875,"marks":36876,"value":36877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where the browser agent approach particularly shines is that it’s application-agnostic. ",{"data":36879,"content":36880,"nodeType":860},{},[36881],{"data":36882,"marks":36883,"value":36884,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As long as the app you want to monitor provides robust logs, you can inject the Push-supplied marker into any session on any app. ",{"data":36886,"content":36887,"nodeType":860},{},[36888],{"data":36889,"marks":36890,"value":36891,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This allows you to detect suspicious activity even on internal corporate assets, such as an intranet. ",{"data":36893,"content":36894,"nodeType":860},{},[36895],{"data":36896,"marks":36897,"value":36898,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A tidy side effect is that you can also use this feature to identify unmanaged devices accessing sensitive corporate internal resources because they will lack the Push browser agent-supplied marker.",{"data":36900,"content":36901,"nodeType":860},{},[36902],{"data":36903,"marks":36904,"value":36905,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are probably a few other creative use cases for this feature, so we look forward to seeing what you come up with!",{"data":36907,"content":36908,"nodeType":1009},{},[36909],{"data":36910,"marks":36911,"value":29195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36913,"content":36914,"nodeType":860},{},[36915,36919,36926],{"data":36916,"marks":36917,"value":36918,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To see Push in action, ",{"data":36920,"content":36921,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},[36922],{"data":36923,"marks":36924,"value":29210,"nodeType":864},{},[36925],{"type":1455},{"data":36927,"marks":36928,"value":36929,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO, and how we detect vulnerable identities and stop identity attacks with browser-based controls.","Introducing session token theft detection: Why browser is best","Push's browser agent identifies session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string to create a new high-fidelity signal for your security team.","2024-06-25T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-session-token-theft-detection-why-browser-is-best",{"items":36935},[36936,36938],{"sys":36937,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":36939,"name":29224},{"id":29223},{"items":36941},[36942],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":36943},{"url":853},{"__typename":2059,"sys":36945,"content":36947,"title":37353,"synopsis":37354,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":37355,"slug":37356,"tagsCollection":37357,"authorsCollection":37363},{"id":36946},"4EfGLsD4qOkE4AoTUoL83m",{"json":36948},{"data":36949,"content":36950,"nodeType":856},{},[36951,36957,36978,36999,37017,37037,37060,37067,37087,37108,37115,37121,37128,37135,37142,37149,37156,37163,37170,37177,37184,37204,37211,37217,37239,37246,37261,37267,37286,37293,37300,37307,37314,37332,37338],{"data":36952,"content":36956,"nodeType":996},{"target":36953},{"sys":36954},{"id":36955,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"B8i0EK90Dn7FLrJXR4ANh",[],{"data":36958,"content":36959,"nodeType":860},{},[36960,36964,36974],{"data":36961,"marks":36962,"value":36963,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Is the golden era of MFA protection over? Watch a demo of an ",{"data":36965,"content":36969,"nodeType":15592},{"target":36966},{"sys":36967},{"id":36968,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7DJnckJxP4CXyXhPJJpby5",[36970],{"data":36971,"marks":36972,"value":36973,"nodeType":864},{},[],"EvilNoVNC phishing attack",{"data":36975,"marks":36976,"value":36977,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and you may be left sweating a little and whispering “FIDO2” like a protection spell.",{"data":36979,"content":36980,"nodeType":860},{},[36981,36985,36995],{"data":36982,"marks":36983,"value":36984,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With the widespread adoption of MFA, attackers are ",{"data":36986,"content":36990,"nodeType":15592},{"target":36987},{"sys":36988},{"id":36989,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6XIts2UEnrsJDki8gKDXyI",[36991],{"data":36992,"marks":36993,"value":36994,"nodeType":864},{},[],"increasingly turning",{"data":36996,"marks":36997,"value":36998,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to more sophisticated methods of credential theft as their initial point of entry. ",{"data":37000,"content":37001,"nodeType":860},{},[37002,37006,37013],{"data":37003,"marks":37004,"value":37005,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Newer phishing approaches include reverse proxies as well as tools that mimic legitimate login pages by rendering the webpages and then displaying those renders to the unsuspecting end-user. While these tools are not always common knowledge among blue teams, their use is ",{"data":37007,"content":37008,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28487},[37009],{"data":37010,"marks":37011,"value":37012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"on the rise",{"data":37014,"marks":37015,"value":37016,"nodeType":864},{},[],", an unsurprising response to the broad use of multi-factor authentication in many organizations.",{"data":37018,"content":37019,"nodeType":860},{},[37020,37024,37033],{"data":37021,"marks":37022,"value":37023,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What sets this generation of ",{"data":37025,"content":37028,"nodeType":15592},{"target":37026},{"sys":37027},{"id":36968,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[37029],{"data":37030,"marks":37031,"value":37032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing tools",{"data":37034,"marks":37035,"value":37036,"nodeType":864},{},[]," apart? ",{"data":37038,"content":37039,"nodeType":941},{},[37040,37050],{"data":37041,"content":37042,"nodeType":945},{},[37043],{"data":37044,"content":37045,"nodeType":860},{},[37046],{"data":37047,"marks":37048,"value":37049,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They act as a proxy between the user and a legitimate web login page, allowing the attacker to bypass MFA and harvest credentials and session tokens.",{"data":37051,"content":37052,"nodeType":945},{},[37053],{"data":37054,"content":37055,"nodeType":860},{},[37056],{"data":37057,"marks":37058,"value":37059,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They give off little scent to end-users, because the end-user is logging into the legitimate site, just by taking a detour via the attacker’s device.",{"data":37061,"content":37062,"nodeType":860},{},[37063],{"data":37064,"marks":37065,"value":37066,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These AitM tools are also difficult to detect — unless you have eyes in the browser.",{"data":37068,"content":37069,"nodeType":860},{},[37070,37074,37083],{"data":37071,"marks":37072,"value":37073,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Powered by the Push browser agent, Push now offers a ",{"data":37075,"content":37078,"nodeType":15592},{"target":37076},{"sys":37077},{"id":28743,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[37079],{"data":37080,"marks":37081,"value":37082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"preconfigured set of detections",{"data":37084,"marks":37085,"value":37086,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for phishing tools like Evilginx and others, informed by our threat detection team’s research into their behavior. This phishing tool detection feature will automatically prevent users from accessing a site that’s running one of these malicious tools, and display a custom warning message to your end-users.",{"data":37088,"content":37089,"nodeType":860},{},[37090,37094,37104],{"data":37091,"marks":37092,"value":37093,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While Push already provides strong phishing protection by ",{"data":37095,"content":37099,"nodeType":15592},{"target":37096},{"sys":37097},{"id":37098,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4UtRVoFElDduWJBx9Sa4Cw",[37100],{"data":37101,"marks":37102,"value":37103,"nodeType":864},{},[],"preventing SSO password use",{"data":37105,"marks":37106,"value":37107,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on non-IdP webpages (in other words, it stops you from using your Okta password on any page that isn’t an Okta login page), this new feature allows us to sharpen our anti-phishing capabilities by detecting malware on a site before a user even interacts with the page. ",{"data":37109,"content":37110,"nodeType":860},{},[37111],{"data":37112,"marks":37113,"value":37114,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’ll describe our approach to detecting these newer phishing tools, including how we’re borrowing techniques from the world of EDR, and how you can combine phishing tool detection with other Push controls for a defense-in-depth strategy that covers both the user and the application sides of the equation.",{"data":37116,"content":37120,"nodeType":996},{"target":37117},{"sys":37118},{"id":37119,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"59q6klX2j7ClgUvmix93sG",[],{"data":37122,"content":37123,"nodeType":1009},{},[37124],{"data":37125,"marks":37126,"value":37127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Taking a page from EDR",{"data":37129,"content":37130,"nodeType":860},{},[37131],{"data":37132,"marks":37133,"value":37134,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most phishing prevention solutions rely on lists of known-bad sites as the source of intelligence. These are always going to be a step behind reality because they rely on ever-shifting secondary attributes such as domain names (though we won’t be disabling Chrome Safe Browsing anytime soon, and we’re not trying to replace it).",{"data":37136,"content":37137,"nodeType":860},{},[37138],{"data":37139,"marks":37140,"value":37141,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As veterans of the EDR world, we’re drawn to think in analogous terms. With detecting AitM phishing tools, that means expanding on the concept of dynamic analysis on the endpoint. EDR allows you to dynamically analyze the behavior of malware live and at scale, rather than focusing on easy-to-change indicators like file hashes or domain names.",{"data":37143,"content":37144,"nodeType":860},{},[37145],{"data":37146,"marks":37147,"value":37148,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Applying this idea to malware that runs in the browser requires a solution that is in the browser, like the Push browser agent.",{"data":37150,"content":37151,"nodeType":860},{},[37152],{"data":37153,"marks":37154,"value":37155,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So we’re expanding the attributes that are traditionally analyzed to spot indicators of compromise (IoCs) beyond domains, file names, file hashes, IP addresses, etc., to also include behavioral attributes of malware that are much harder to change, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",{"data":37157,"content":37158,"nodeType":860},{},[37159],{"data":37160,"marks":37161,"value":37162,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By performing behavioral analysis on AitM automated proxy tools, we can directly analyze the application for a precise and immediate identification. ",{"data":37164,"content":37165,"nodeType":860},{},[37166],{"data":37167,"marks":37168,"value":37169,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push researchers are regularly identifying and adding detections for new toolkits — think of this like Push’s database of threat research in action.",{"data":37171,"content":37172,"nodeType":1009},{},[37173],{"data":37174,"marks":37175,"value":37176,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How it works",{"data":37178,"content":37179,"nodeType":860},{},[37180],{"data":37181,"marks":37182,"value":37183,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re new to Push, a bit of context may be useful. Push uses a browser agent deployed to employee browsers (we support all major browsers) to prevent, detect, and block identity attacks. ",{"data":37185,"content":37186,"nodeType":860},{},[37187,37191,37200],{"data":37188,"marks":37189,"value":37190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By directly observing user behavior at the login event, Push provides broad and actionable context across all the apps your employees are using, how they are accessing them, their MFA methods, and where they’re using insecure and reused passwords. With this context as the foundation, Push enforces your desired ",{"data":37192,"content":37195,"nodeType":15592},{"target":37193},{"sys":37194},{"id":28562,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[37196],{"data":37197,"marks":37198,"value":37199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"security controls",{"data":37201,"marks":37202,"value":37203,"nodeType":864},{},[],", including preventing SSO password reuse, blocking malicious websites, or steering employees to approved apps only.",{"data":37205,"content":37206,"nodeType":860},{},[37207],{"data":37208,"marks":37209,"value":37210,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once configured by an administrator, phishing tool detection will immediately check for the fingerprints of these toolkits as end-users visit websites and then display your custom warn or block message. ",{"data":37212,"content":37216,"nodeType":996},{"target":37213},{"sys":37214},{"id":37215,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1LdHJjTDlOiie5mctbAVvZ",[],{"data":37218,"content":37219,"nodeType":860},{},[37220,37223,37227,37231,37235],{"data":37221,"marks":37222,"value":1499,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37224,"marks":37225,"value":1397,"nodeType":864},{},[37226],{"type":899},{"data":37228,"marks":37229,"value":37230,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode, users cannot proceed to the site where malicious software has been detected. In ",{"data":37232,"marks":37233,"value":1503,"nodeType":864},{},[37234],{"type":899},{"data":37236,"marks":37237,"value":37238,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode, users can choose to proceed if they are sure it’s not a phishing site.",{"data":37240,"content":37241,"nodeType":860},{},[37242],{"data":37243,"marks":37244,"value":37245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In both cases, users do not need to interact with a page (by typing, clicking, etc.) for Push to trigger the custom message. ",{"data":37247,"content":37248,"nodeType":860},{},[37249,37252,37258],{"data":37250,"marks":37251,"value":31269,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37253,"content":37254,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28590},[37255],{"data":37256,"marks":37257,"value":31086,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37259,"marks":37260,"value":31279,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37262,"content":37266,"nodeType":996},{"target":37263},{"sys":37264},{"id":37265,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6oAhxLBPVxN3Rcw2kFeVtG",[],{"data":37268,"content":37269,"nodeType":860},{},[37270,37274,37282],{"data":37271,"marks":37272,"value":37273,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Pairing this phishing detection capability with Push’s ",{"data":37275,"content":37278,"nodeType":15592},{"target":37276},{"sys":37277},{"id":28825,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[37279],{"data":37280,"marks":37281,"value":25357,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37283,"marks":37284,"value":37285,"nodeType":864},{},[]," feature provides a strong defense-in-depth strategy for stopping credential theft.",{"data":37287,"content":37288,"nodeType":860},{},[37289],{"data":37290,"marks":37291,"value":37292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SSO password protection works by analyzing user behavior — namely, is a user entering their SSO password onto a page that does not belong to the legitimate identity provider.",{"data":37294,"content":37295,"nodeType":860},{},[37296],{"data":37297,"marks":37298,"value":37299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing tool detection adds in the application-level behavioral analysis. In addition, when Push identifies a new, previously unknown phishing tool in the wild via blocked SSO credential theft, we add its fingerprints to the browser agent’s detective capabilities.  ",{"data":37301,"content":37302,"nodeType":1009},{},[37303],{"data":37304,"marks":37305,"value":37306,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Looking ahead",{"data":37308,"content":37309,"nodeType":860},{},[37310],{"data":37311,"marks":37312,"value":37313,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re just scratching the surface on this approach and are exploring how Push can identify and block other web-delivered malware and Javascript-based attack types beyond AitM tools. Think HTML smuggling, tabnabbing, and the like.",{"data":37315,"content":37316,"nodeType":860},{},[37317,37321,37329],{"data":37318,"marks":37319,"value":37320,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Got feedback? We’d ",{"data":37322,"content":37324,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37323},"/contact/",[37325],{"data":37326,"marks":37327,"value":37328,"nodeType":864},{},[],"love to talk",{"data":37330,"marks":37331,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37333,"content":37334,"nodeType":1009},{},[37335],{"data":37336,"marks":37337,"value":29195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37339,"content":37340,"nodeType":860},{},[37341,37344,37350],{"data":37342,"marks":37343,"value":36918,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37345,"content":37346,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},[37347],{"data":37348,"marks":37349,"value":29210,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37351,"marks":37352,"value":36929,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Introducing AitM phishing toolkit detection, powered by the Push browser agent","Push analyzes behavioral attributes of malware to identify phishing tools like Evilginx and NakedPages and immediately block end-users from visiting them.","2024-06-06T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-aitm-phishing-toolkit-detection-powered-by-the-push-browser",{"items":37358},[37359,37361],{"sys":37360,"name":29224},{"id":29223},{"sys":37362,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":37364},[37365],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":37366},{"url":853},"blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters",{"json":37369},{"data":37370,"content":37371,"nodeType":856},{},[37372],{"data":37373,"content":37374,"nodeType":860},{},[37375],{"data":37376,"marks":37377,"value":37378,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the first blog in a short series we’re putting together about the ‘why’ behind the ‘what’ at Push. This entry is focused on threat detection: Let’s get started. ",{"id":15928,"publishedAt":37380},"2026-08-12T11:55:05.842Z",{"items":37382},[37383,37385],{"sys":37384,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":37386,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"items":37388},[37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413],{"sys":37390,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":37392,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":37394,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":37396,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":37398,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":37400,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":37402,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":37404,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":37406,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":37408,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":37410,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45},{"id":374},{"sys":37412,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},{"sys":37414,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45},{"id":525},"V_GfOg_A8krAbLonDFD7Ocweyw1xk5tdvcy0AoFJpsA",{"id":37417,"title":37418,"authorsCollection":37419,"content":37424,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":38820,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":38822,"metaTitle":38823,"ogImage":59,"postType":6304,"publishedDate":38824,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":38825,"slug":43312,"stem":43313,"subtitle":59,"summary":43314,"synopsis":43332,"sys":43333,"tagsCollection":43336,"topicsCollection":43342,"__hash__":43388},"blog/blog/5-reasons-why-push-security-shouldnt-exist.json","5 reasons why Push Security shouldn’t exist",{"items":37420},[37421],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"socialLinks":37422,"profilePicture":37423},[11832],{"url":2740},{"json":37425,"links":38795},{"data":37426,"content":37427,"nodeType":856},{},[37428,37448,37454,37461,37468,37489,37496,37499,37506,37513,37520,37527,37614,37621,37712,37720,37727,37734,37742,37745,37752,37759,37766,37795,37828,37857,37864,37871,37901,37908,37940,37947,37975,37982,37989,38016,38028,38035,38054,38085,38097,38100,38107,38127,38139,38157,38172,38179,38199,38230,38249,38256,38263,38282,38289,38297,38300,38307,38314,38352,38360,38367,38374,38381,38467,38491,38498,38505,38517,38536,38548,38551,38558,38565,38628,38646,38652,38655,38662,38691,38698,38705,38783,38789],{"data":37429,"content":37430,"nodeType":860},{},[37431,37435,37444],{"data":37432,"marks":37433,"value":37434,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you caught ",{"data":37436,"content":37438,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37437},"https://cisoseries.com/securing-identities-in-the-cloud/",[37439],{"data":37440,"marks":37441,"value":37443,"nodeType":864},{},[37442],{"type":1455},"our CEO Adam’s recent appearance on the Defense in Depth podcast",{"data":37445,"marks":37446,"value":37447,"nodeType":864},{},[]," you’ll have heard some top-tier banter between Geoff and David on the problem of identity security – and how, in Geoff’s words, “way too many people” think they’ve got it covered when it comes to identity attacks.",{"data":37449,"content":37453,"nodeType":996},{"target":37450},{"sys":37451},{"id":37452,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"UcfFq2lOiMMJKaDfaNBqx",[],{"data":37455,"content":37456,"nodeType":860},{},[37457],{"data":37458,"marks":37459,"value":37460,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At Push, we’re constantly exploring the limits of controls against the latest threats. But naturally, security teams with hundreds of priorities can’t afford to dedicate the same amount of research time to this problem that we can. This means we come across a lot of common misconceptions about how controls like MFA, SSO and EDR perform against current identity attack techniques. ",{"data":37462,"content":37463,"nodeType":860},{},[37464],{"data":37465,"marks":37466,"value":37467,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These common misconceptions are severely impacting the ability of security teams to plan for, and defend against, identity-based attacks – giving attackers the window of opportunity they need to continue exploiting people and businesses. ",{"data":37469,"content":37470,"nodeType":860},{},[37471,37475,37480,37484],{"data":37472,"marks":37473,"value":37474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, we hope that this allows you a clearer perspective when building your identity security strategy, with a realistic view of what a particular control will give you – and what it won’t. ",{"data":37476,"marks":37477,"value":37479,"nodeType":864},{},[37478],{"type":899},"That isn’t to say you should discard any of these controls; they all have an important part to play! ",{"data":37481,"marks":37482,"value":37483,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But, it’s important to be aware of their limitations to be able to build a resilient security model, ",{"data":37485,"marks":37486,"value":37488,"nodeType":864},{},[37487],{"type":899},"with strategic defense in depth to compensate for known weaknesses. ",{"data":37490,"content":37491,"nodeType":860},{},[37492],{"data":37493,"marks":37494,"value":37495,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Without further ado, here are the top reasons why Push Security shouldn’t exist. ",{"data":37497,"content":37498,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":37500,"content":37501,"nodeType":1009},{},[37502],{"data":37503,"marks":37504,"value":37505,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reason 1: “Browser-based attacks aren’t a priority”",{"data":37507,"content":37508,"nodeType":860},{},[37509],{"data":37510,"marks":37511,"value":37512,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Particularly in the current economic climate, with many security teams feeling the squeeze, organizations often haven’t budgeted (mentally or financially) for a new kind of threat to factor into their modelling. ",{"data":37514,"content":37515,"nodeType":860},{},[37516],{"data":37517,"marks":37518,"value":37519,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We get it, now isn’t a great time to be tackling a new problem. Getting the budget to do the same as last year is difficult enough, never mind adding something new. ",{"data":37521,"content":37522,"nodeType":860},{},[37523],{"data":37524,"marks":37525,"value":37526,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But, there’s clear evidence that we're facing something a new kind of security problem. Modern attacks are consciously evading the network and endpoint, and are increasingly playing out entirely over the internet in the form of account takeover. ",{"data":37528,"content":37529,"nodeType":941},{},[37530,37551,37571,37593],{"data":37531,"content":37532,"nodeType":945},{},[37533],{"data":37534,"content":37535,"nodeType":860},{},[37536,37540,37547],{"data":37537,"marks":37538,"value":37539,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen creds are the #1 breach vector in 79% of web app attacks (",{"data":37541,"content":37542,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4408},[37543],{"data":37544,"marks":37545,"value":23859,"nodeType":864},{},[37546],{"type":1455},{"data":37548,"marks":37549,"value":37550,"nodeType":864},{},[],").  ",{"data":37552,"content":37553,"nodeType":945},{},[37554],{"data":37555,"content":37556,"nodeType":860},{},[37557,37561,37568],{"data":37558,"marks":37559,"value":37560,"nodeType":864},{},[],"147,000 token replay attacks in 2023, 111% increase year-over-year (",{"data":37562,"content":37563,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36682},[37564],{"data":37565,"marks":37566,"value":25492,"nodeType":864},{},[37567],{"type":1455},{"data":37569,"marks":37570,"value":29420,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37572,"content":37573,"nodeType":945},{},[37574],{"data":37575,"content":37576,"nodeType":860},{},[37577,37581,37590],{"data":37578,"marks":37579,"value":37580,"nodeType":864},{},[],"80% of attacks involve identity and compromised credentials (",{"data":37582,"content":37584,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37583},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/relentless-threat-activity-puts-identities-in-the-crosshairs/",[37585],{"data":37586,"marks":37587,"value":37589,"nodeType":864},{},[37588],{"type":1455},"Crowdstrike",{"data":37591,"marks":37592,"value":37550,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37594,"content":37595,"nodeType":945},{},[37596],{"data":37597,"content":37598,"nodeType":860},{},[37599,37603,37611],{"data":37600,"marks":37601,"value":37602,"nodeType":864},{},[],"4,000 password-based attacks per second observed (",{"data":37604,"content":37606,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37605},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/security-insider/microsoft-digital-defense-report-2023",[37607],{"data":37608,"marks":37609,"value":25492,"nodeType":864},{},[37610],{"type":1455},{"data":37612,"marks":37613,"value":20593,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37615,"content":37616,"nodeType":860},{},[37617],{"data":37618,"marks":37619,"value":37620,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s also telling that the cyber crime ecosystem itself seems to be leaning toward the theft, sale, and use of stolen credentials (not just emails and passwords, but session tokens too). ",{"data":37622,"content":37623,"nodeType":941},{},[37624,37645,37668,37690],{"data":37625,"content":37626,"nodeType":945},{},[37627],{"data":37628,"content":37629,"nodeType":860},{},[37630,37633,37641],{"data":37631,"marks":37632,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37634,"content":37635,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4408},[37636],{"data":37637,"marks":37638,"value":37640,"nodeType":864},{},[37639],{"type":1455},"According to the 2024 DBIR",{"data":37642,"marks":37643,"value":37644,"nodeType":864},{},[],", more than 1000 credentials appear on criminal forums and marketplaces every day, with the majority (65%) appearing less than a day after first being discovered. ",{"data":37646,"content":37647,"nodeType":945},{},[37648],{"data":37649,"content":37650,"nodeType":860},{},[37651,37655,37664],{"data":37652,"marks":37653,"value":37654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In June, ",{"data":37656,"content":37658,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37657},"https://www.troyhunt.com/telegram-combolists-and-361m-email-addresses/",[37659],{"data":37660,"marks":37661,"value":37663,"nodeType":864},{},[37662],{"type":1455},"Troy Hunt at Have I Been Pwned (HIBP) wrote about the impact of channels like Telegram",{"data":37665,"marks":37666,"value":37667,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and the sale of combolists (username, password, login portal URL), after being sent 122GB of data scraped out of thousands of Telegram channels, containing 361M unique email addresses (of which 151M had never been seen in HIBP before). ",{"data":37669,"content":37670,"nodeType":945},{},[37671],{"data":37672,"content":37673,"nodeType":860},{},[37674,37678,37687],{"data":37675,"marks":37676,"value":37677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In July, ",{"data":37679,"content":37681,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37680},"https://cybernews.com/security/rockyou2024-largest-password-compilation-leak/",[37682],{"data":37683,"marks":37684,"value":37686,"nodeType":864},{},[37685],{"type":1455},"10 billion passwords were leaked in the RockYou2024 compilation",{"data":37688,"marks":37689,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37691,"content":37692,"nodeType":945},{},[37693],{"data":37694,"content":37695,"nodeType":860},{},[37696,37700,37708],{"data":37697,"marks":37698,"value":37699,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And ultimately, ",{"data":37701,"content":37702,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24543},[37703],{"data":37704,"marks":37705,"value":37707,"nodeType":864},{},[37706],{"type":1455},"high-profile breaches",{"data":37709,"marks":37710,"value":37711,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of Snowflake customers, Microsoft, Okta, and others reinforce the threat behind the numbers, all of which are the result of identity attacks. ",{"data":37713,"content":37714,"nodeType":860},{},[37715],{"data":37716,"marks":37717,"value":37719,"nodeType":864},{},[37718],{"type":899},"So, if a business uses any third-party provided web applications or services, then its workforce identities are the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to pick, and the risk of account takeover should be high up on the risk register. ",{"data":37721,"content":37722,"nodeType":860},{},[37723],{"data":37724,"marks":37725,"value":37726,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yes, it’s tough to redo budgets on the fly or rip up a five year plan. But, asymmetrical cyber TTPs have always sought to undermine the best laid plans of CISOs – attackers usually look in the places that defenders aren't. ",{"data":37728,"content":37729,"nodeType":860},{},[37730],{"data":37731,"marks":37732,"value":37733,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When looking at the evidence, is securing the identity attack surface really a lower priority than adding a CASB, CSPM, or shiny new AI tool? Even when we look at historical recurring spend on things like EDR or vulnerability management, it’s arguable that the risk of identity attacks has overtaken software-based exploits for many organizations whose traditional networks are shrinking, while their cloud app estate grows. ",{"data":37735,"content":37736,"nodeType":860},{},[37737],{"data":37738,"marks":37739,"value":37741,"nodeType":864},{},[37740],{"type":899},"It’s important to consider what’s right for your business, but the evidence shows us that securing the identity attack surface promises real risk reduction in the face of a genuine threat. ",{"data":37743,"content":37744,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":37746,"content":37747,"nodeType":1009},{},[37748],{"data":37749,"marks":37750,"value":37751,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reason 2: “Our business apps are all behind SSO”",{"data":37753,"content":37754,"nodeType":860},{},[37755],{"data":37756,"marks":37757,"value":37758,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SSO is often seen as a utopia where each employee has a single, secure digital identity that is used to access all of their work applications. When businesses are using SSO, we usually hear:",{"data":37760,"content":37761,"nodeType":1312},{},[37762],{"data":37763,"marks":37764,"value":37765,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“Everything is behind SSO, there are no apps outside of it.”",{"data":37767,"content":37768,"nodeType":860},{},[37769,37773,37782,37786,37791],{"data":37770,"marks":37771,"value":37772,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unfortunately, organizations are always using more apps than they realize. The impact of ",{"data":37774,"content":37776,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37775},"https://productled.com/blog/product-led-growth-definition",[37777],{"data":37778,"marks":37779,"value":37781,"nodeType":864},{},[37780],{"type":1455},"product-led growth",{"data":37783,"marks":37784,"value":37785,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on the self adoption of cloud services is well documented, and we see that ",{"data":37787,"marks":37788,"value":37790,"nodeType":864},{},[37789],{"type":899},"even SMEs typically have 100+ apps in their estate",{"data":37792,"marks":37793,"value":37794,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the number of apps per business continues to grow year on year. ",{"data":37796,"content":37797,"nodeType":860},{},[37798,37802,37807,37811,37815,37819,37824],{"data":37799,"marks":37800,"value":37801,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, while every ",{"data":37803,"marks":37804,"value":37806,"nodeType":864},{},[37805],{"type":899},"known ",{"data":37808,"marks":37809,"value":37810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"app",{"data":37812,"marks":37813,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[37814],{"type":899},{"data":37816,"marks":37817,"value":37818,"nodeType":864},{},[],"might be behind SSO, this still leaves tens or hundreds of ",{"data":37820,"marks":37821,"value":37823,"nodeType":864},{},[37822],{"type":899},"unknown",{"data":37825,"marks":37826,"value":37827,"nodeType":864},{},[]," apps, with thousands of associated identities. ",{"data":37829,"content":37830,"nodeType":860},{},[37831,37835,37840,37844,37853],{"data":37832,"marks":37833,"value":37834,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But even if you did know about every app, the fact of the matter is ",{"data":37836,"marks":37837,"value":37839,"nodeType":864},{},[37838],{"type":899},"that fewer than 1 in 3 apps actually support SAML SSO",{"data":37841,"marks":37842,"value":37843,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and many of those ",{"data":37845,"content":37847,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37846},"https://sso.tax/",[37848],{"data":37849,"marks":37850,"value":37852,"nodeType":864},{},[37851],{"type":1455},"only at the premium tier",{"data":37854,"marks":37855,"value":37856,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Our data shows that the proportion of apps actually behind SSO is even lower, at 1 in 5. So getting everything behind SSO just isn’t a realistic goal for any organization. ",{"data":37858,"content":37859,"nodeType":1312},{},[37860],{"data":37861,"marks":37862,"value":37863,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“Everything important is behind SSO, and the apps that aren’t don’t pose a risk.” ",{"data":37865,"content":37866,"nodeType":860},{},[37867],{"data":37868,"marks":37869,"value":37870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s often a view that if it wasn’t centrally procured, IT wasn’t involved, and it’s not behind SSO, then it’s just not a concern. But apps can have complex integrations and permissions that increase the potential blast radius of an app compromise. ",{"data":37872,"content":37873,"nodeType":860},{},[37874,37878,37886,37890,37897],{"data":37875,"marks":37876,"value":37877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve published ",{"data":37879,"content":37880,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20791},[37881],{"data":37882,"marks":37883,"value":37885,"nodeType":864},{},[37884],{"type":1455},"extensive research on SaaS-native attack techniques",{"data":37887,"marks":37888,"value":37889,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and documented many of the scenarios in which attackers can expand from hijacking a single SaaS app with a small number of users into a larger-scale compromise, for example through ",{"data":37891,"content":37892,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5876},[37893],{"data":37894,"marks":37895,"value":32951,"nodeType":864},{},[37896],{"type":1455},{"data":37898,"marks":37899,"value":37900,"nodeType":864},{},[],": Modifying SAML for a compromised app to redirect users to a malicious domain during the authentication process that proxies a legitimate authentication service (e.g. Google, Okta or Microsoft) – effectively acting as a watering hole for further credential harvesting. ",{"data":37902,"content":37903,"nodeType":860},{},[37904],{"data":37905,"marks":37906,"value":37907,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Also, the value of an app is not necessarily tied to the number of users it has in the business. A sales and marketing app can contain huge amounts of sensitive data, as can developer apps – just look at Snowflake! It only takes a single account to be created, a single integration to be set up, to result in a major data breach down the line. ",{"data":37909,"content":37910,"nodeType":860},{},[37911,37915,37924,37927,37936],{"data":37912,"marks":37913,"value":37914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can check out our ",{"data":37916,"content":37918,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37917},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/",[37919],{"data":37920,"marks":37921,"value":37923,"nodeType":864},{},[37922],{"type":1455},"blog page",{"data":37925,"marks":37926,"value":28717,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":37928,"content":37930,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37929},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZIQd_0v9sE&t=12s",[37931],{"data":37932,"marks":37933,"value":37935,"nodeType":864},{},[37934],{"type":1455},"watch one of our videos",{"data":37937,"marks":37938,"value":37939,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for more information.   ",{"data":37941,"content":37942,"nodeType":1312},{},[37943],{"data":37944,"marks":37945,"value":37946,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins: A nightmare for SSO, dreamy for attackers",{"data":37948,"content":37949,"nodeType":860},{},[37950,37954,37959,37963,37971],{"data":37951,"marks":37952,"value":37953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might already be feeling a bit deflated that SSO isn’t going to give you everything you wanted, and we’re sorry to be the bearer of bad news. Unfortunately, ",{"data":37955,"marks":37956,"value":37958,"nodeType":864},{},[37957],{"type":899},"even if you are using SSO, additional login methods can still exist alongside SSO",{"data":37960,"marks":37961,"value":37962,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We call these ",{"data":37964,"content":37965,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20583},[37966],{"data":37967,"marks":37968,"value":13417,"nodeType":864},{},[37969,37970],{"type":1455},{"type":899},{"data":37972,"marks":37973,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[37974],{"type":899},{"data":37976,"content":37977,"nodeType":860},{},[37978],{"data":37979,"marks":37980,"value":37981,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins are effectively any alternative login method. In addition to SSO, you could have a local password, a social login (e.g., login with Google, Facebook, etc.), backup emails, or API-based login methods. ",{"data":37983,"content":37984,"nodeType":860},{},[37985],{"data":37986,"marks":37987,"value":37988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Multiple methods are often enabled by default and need to be explicitly disabled at the app level. Further, migrating an existing app to SSO doesn’t automatically remove local accounts, but effectively adds an SSO layer on top. ",{"data":37990,"content":37991,"nodeType":860},{},[37992,37996,38001,38005,38013],{"data":37993,"marks":37994,"value":37995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The final problem here is that because MFA is applied separately at the app level and SSO level, ",{"data":37997,"marks":37998,"value":38000,"nodeType":864},{},[37999],{"type":899},"you can have local logins without MFA, at the same time as SSO logins with MFA — that can be used concurrently.",{"data":38002,"marks":38003,"value":38004,"nodeType":864},{},[]," This was acutely felt during the recent Snowflake breaches, ",{"data":38006,"content":38007,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32284},[38008],{"data":38009,"marks":38010,"value":38012,"nodeType":864},{},[38011],{"type":1455},"where in-app identification and disabling of non-SSO logins proved to be particularly error-prone",{"data":38014,"marks":38015,"value":26603,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38017,"content":38018,"nodeType":860},{},[38019,38023],{"data":38020,"marks":38021,"value":38022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The result here is that credential stuffing attacks can still prove successful against your SSO-joined apps if local logins exist, and MFA hasn’t been specifically set at the app level. ",{"data":38024,"marks":38025,"value":38027,"nodeType":864},{},[38026],{"type":899},"And unless you’ve specifically disabled them and unset every non-SSO login for every app, they probably do. ",{"data":38029,"content":38030,"nodeType":1312},{},[38031],{"data":38032,"marks":38033,"value":38034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The verdict: SSO is great, but it's no silver bullet",{"data":38036,"content":38037,"nodeType":860},{},[38038,38042,38050],{"data":38039,"marks":38040,"value":38041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While SSO is invariably a beneficial security control, ",{"data":38043,"content":38045,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38044},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you/#id-how-can-ghost-logins-be-abused-by-attackers_id-ghost-logins-for-persistence-and-defense-evasion",[38046],{"data":38047,"marks":38048,"value":38049,"nodeType":864},{},[],"attackers can also naturally exploit it to gain access to a large number of downstream applications",{"data":38051,"marks":38052,"value":38053,"nodeType":864},{},[],". If you compromise an IdP account like Okta, you can then access any connected app, often without requiring any further authentication.",{"data":38055,"content":38056,"nodeType":860},{},[38057,38061,38070,38073,38082],{"data":38058,"marks":38059,"value":38060,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve seen this recently, with an ",{"data":38062,"content":38064,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38063},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/okta-warns-of-unprecedented-credential-stuffing-attacks-on-customers/",[38065],{"data":38066,"marks":38067,"value":38069,"nodeType":864},{},[38068],{"type":1455},"unprecedented spike in credential stuffing attacks reported by Okta",{"data":38071,"marks":38072,"value":24695,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38074,"content":38076,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38075},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/okta-warns-of-credential-stuffing-attacks-targeting-its-cors-feature/",[38077],{"data":38078,"marks":38079,"value":38081,"nodeType":864},{},[38080],{"type":1455},"attacks looking to exploit Okta’s CORS feature",{"data":38083,"marks":38084,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38086,"content":38087,"nodeType":860},{},[38088,38093],{"data":38089,"marks":38090,"value":38092,"nodeType":864},{},[38091],{"type":899},"Ultimately, the promised land of a 1:1 employee to identity ratio just isn’t realistic. ",{"data":38094,"marks":38095,"value":38096,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So while SSO is a big part of the solution to identity attacks, it’s not a silver bullet.   ",{"data":38098,"content":38099,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38101,"content":38102,"nodeType":1009},{},[38103],{"data":38104,"marks":38105,"value":38106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reason 3: “We’ve got MFA deployed everywhere”",{"data":38108,"content":38109,"nodeType":860},{},[38110,38114,38123],{"data":38111,"marks":38112,"value":38113,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft famously stated that ",{"data":38115,"content":38117,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38116},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/security-insider/microsoft-digital-defense-report-2023#:~:text=Outlier%20attacks%20make%20up%20just,of%20compromise%20by%2099.2%20percent.",[38118],{"data":38119,"marks":38120,"value":38122,"nodeType":864},{},[38121],{"type":1455},"MFA reduces the risk of compromise by 99.2%",{"data":38124,"marks":38125,"value":38126,"nodeType":864},{},[],". But this doesn’t mean that it stops 99% of attacks. Or, that it should make up 99% of your defense. ",{"data":38128,"content":38129,"nodeType":860},{},[38130,38134],{"data":38131,"marks":38132,"value":38133,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA unarguably raises the bar for attackers, even if that bar is still pretty low. Naturally, accounts without MFA are an easier target. ",{"data":38135,"marks":38136,"value":38138,"nodeType":864},{},[38137],{"type":899},"But the problem is that MFA isn’t an enterprise-wide castle wall. It’s more like a row of hurdles with gaps in-between. ",{"data":38140,"content":38141,"nodeType":860},{},[38142,38146,38154],{"data":38143,"marks":38144,"value":38145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA is usually handled separately at the SSO level and app level. For apps that are self-adopted by end users, they can't be relied on to add in a security control that will introduce friction to their user experience. Building on the aforementioned ghost logins, even if MFA is adopted at the SSO level, local logins can exist without MFA unless also applied at the app level. ",{"data":38147,"content":38148,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32284},[38149],{"data":38150,"marks":38151,"value":38153,"nodeType":864},{},[38152],{"type":1455},"The recent Snowflake breach is a perfect example of this problem",{"data":38155,"marks":38156,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38158,"content":38159,"nodeType":860},{},[38160,38164,38169],{"data":38161,"marks":38162,"value":38163,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because of this, ",{"data":38165,"marks":38166,"value":38168,"nodeType":864},{},[38167],{"type":899},"we find that only around 1 in 3 identities actually have MFA enabled",{"data":38170,"marks":38171,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38173,"content":38174,"nodeType":1312},{},[38175],{"data":38176,"marks":38177,"value":38178,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\"MFA protects us against phishing attacks\"",{"data":38180,"content":38181,"nodeType":860},{},[38182,38186,38195],{"data":38183,"marks":38184,"value":38185,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even where MFA is deployed, most MFA methods are proven to be phishable or otherwise bypassable. SMS and push-based MFA are susceptible to well known bypasses including SIM swapping and ",{"data":38187,"content":38189,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38188},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_fatigue/description.md",[38190],{"data":38191,"marks":38192,"value":38194,"nodeType":864},{},[38193],{"type":1455},"MFA fatigue",{"data":38196,"marks":38197,"value":38198,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks. TOTP is a little better, but still vulnerable. ",{"data":38200,"content":38201,"nodeType":860},{},[38202,38206,38214,38218,38227],{"data":38203,"marks":38204,"value":38205,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many attacks are simply cutting out the middleman and focusing on ",{"data":38207,"content":38208,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32064},[38209],{"data":38210,"marks":38211,"value":38213,"nodeType":864},{},[38212],{"type":1455},"using stolen session tokens",{"data":38215,"marks":38216,"value":38217,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to bypass MFA. The most common method for this is via infostealers, which typically scrape all credentials (e.g. usernames, passwords, login pages, session tokens) as well as other information stored in the browser of an infected device. ",{"data":38219,"content":38221,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38220},"https://www.wired.com/story/epam-snowflake-ticketmaster-breach-shinyhunters/",[38222],{"data":38223,"marks":38224,"value":38226,"nodeType":864},{},[38225],{"type":1455},"Infostealers played a major role in the recent Snowflake breach",{"data":38228,"marks":38229,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38231,"content":38232,"nodeType":860},{},[38233,38237,38245],{"data":38234,"marks":38235,"value":38236,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Additionally, ",{"data":38238,"content":38239,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24563},[38240],{"data":38241,"marks":38242,"value":38244,"nodeType":864},{},[38243],{"type":1455},"modern phishing techniques like adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) and browser-in-the-middle (BitM)",{"data":38246,"marks":38247,"value":38248,"nodeType":864},{},[]," see the attacker steal the live session and associated tokens from the victim, with the victim prompted to complete the MFA process as part of the attack. ",{"data":38250,"content":38251,"nodeType":1312},{},[38252],{"data":38253,"marks":38254,"value":38255,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“We’re using passkeys”",{"data":38257,"content":38258,"nodeType":860},{},[38259],{"data":38260,"marks":38261,"value":38262,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Great! Passkey users are in a better position than 99% of other businesses. Passkeys are widely accepted to be phishing resistant – at least for now, although as more businesses use them, new ways of getting around them will no doubt be discovered by attackers. ",{"data":38264,"content":38265,"nodeType":860},{},[38266,38270,38279],{"data":38267,"marks":38268,"value":38269,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But, MFA downgrade attacks are possible. There are often backup MFA methods set that can be selected by canceling the authentication prompt and selecting a different method. Even when these aren’t selectable, ",{"data":38271,"content":38273,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38272},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks/",[38274],{"data":38275,"marks":38276,"value":38278,"nodeType":864},{},[38277],{"type":1455},"researchers have demonstrated ways of downgrading authentication to use a phishable method",{"data":38280,"marks":38281,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38283,"content":38284,"nodeType":860},{},[38285],{"data":38286,"marks":38287,"value":38288,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most apps are designed primarily for user flexibility, not security. And backup methods have a legitimate use-case – what if the authenticator device is lost or stops working? If passkeys are the only authentication method, you just got locked out of all of your accounts. But at least no hackers can access them either, right?",{"data":38290,"content":38291,"nodeType":860},{},[38292],{"data":38293,"marks":38294,"value":38296,"nodeType":864},{},[38295],{"type":899},"Like SSO, unless backup MFA methods are disabled for all identities and apps, and all users have enabled MFA across all their accounts and login methods, this isn’t a silver bullet either.  ",{"data":38298,"content":38299,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38301,"content":38302,"nodeType":1009},{},[38303],{"data":38304,"marks":38305,"value":38306,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reason 4: “We’ve got anti-phishing controls already”",{"data":38308,"content":38309,"nodeType":860},{},[38310],{"data":38311,"marks":38312,"value":38313,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity attacks have evolved significantly in recent years, as have the environments being targeted by attackers with the shift to cloud services and decentralized business IT. Unfortunately, traditional anti-phishing controls weren’t designed for this reality. ",{"data":38315,"content":38316,"nodeType":941},{},[38317,38337],{"data":38318,"content":38319,"nodeType":945},{},[38320],{"data":38321,"content":38322,"nodeType":860},{},[38323,38328,38333],{"data":38324,"marks":38325,"value":38327,"nodeType":864},{},[38326],{"type":899},"A",{"data":38329,"marks":38330,"value":38332,"nodeType":864},{},[38331],{"type":899},"ttacks used to be focused on a single VPN/webmail endpoint ",{"data":38334,"marks":38335,"value":38336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"that was naturally easier to protect than 100+ SaaS apps (especially if the security team isn’t even aware of them). Attackers now have 1000s of sprawled identities to target per enterprise, increasing the chance that weak or reused passwords will be found. ",{"data":38338,"content":38339,"nodeType":945},{},[38340],{"data":38341,"content":38342,"nodeType":860},{},[38343,38348],{"data":38344,"marks":38345,"value":38347,"nodeType":864},{},[38346],{"type":899},"Likewise, security teams only needed to care about a small set of credentials ",{"data":38349,"marks":38350,"value":38351,"nodeType":864},{},[],"relating to user directory accounts and VPN/remote access tooling used to tunnel into the corporate network. Now, business functions and data are dispersed across cloud apps rather than being neatly contained in on-prem apps and databases.",{"data":38353,"content":38354,"nodeType":860},{},[38355],{"data":38356,"marks":38357,"value":38359,"nodeType":864},{},[38358],{"type":899},"Now, attackers have more platforms on which to phish your users, more credentials to choose from, and more apps to spray them across, while security teams have a much larger surface to defend.",{"data":38361,"content":38362,"nodeType":1312},{},[38363],{"data":38364,"marks":38365,"value":38366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“Our email and content filtering controls stop phishing attacks”",{"data":38368,"content":38369,"nodeType":860},{},[38370],{"data":38371,"marks":38372,"value":38373,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Existing phishing prevention solutions have tried to solve the problem by protecting the inbox, a common (but not the only) attack vector, or by blocking lists of known-bad domains. ",{"data":38375,"content":38376,"nodeType":860},{},[38377],{"data":38378,"marks":38379,"value":38380,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But, these approaches have major shortcomings:",{"data":38382,"content":38383,"nodeType":941},{},[38384,38424,38439],{"data":38385,"content":38386,"nodeType":945},{},[38387],{"data":38388,"content":38389,"nodeType":860},{},[38390,38395,38399,38408,38411,38420],{"data":38391,"marks":38392,"value":38394,"nodeType":864},{},[38393],{"type":899},"Incomplete coverage: ",{"data":38396,"marks":38397,"value":38398,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Email-based phishing prevention tools can catch general spray-and-pray email phishing campaigns, but it only takes a small amount of tailoring to fly under their radar. The use of LLM tools to tailor phishing emails for their intended victims already makes this possible at scale. Email-based tools also fail to cover phishing attacks beyond the inbox, such as ",{"data":38400,"content":38402,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38401},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/slack-phishing-for-initial-access/",[38403],{"data":38404,"marks":38405,"value":38407,"nodeType":864},{},[38406],{"type":1455},"Slack",{"data":38409,"marks":38410,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38412,"content":38414,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38413},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-microsoft-teams-for-initial-access/",[38415],{"data":38416,"marks":38417,"value":38419,"nodeType":864},{},[38418],{"type":1455},"Teams",{"data":38421,"marks":38422,"value":38423,"nodeType":864},{},[]," phishing.",{"data":38425,"content":38426,"nodeType":945},{},[38427],{"data":38428,"content":38429,"nodeType":860},{},[38430,38435],{"data":38431,"marks":38432,"value":38434,"nodeType":864},{},[38433],{"type":899},"Expired intel: ",{"data":38436,"marks":38437,"value":38438,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tools that rely on known-bad domains always have an incomplete picture because a domain must be reported as malicious in order to get added to a blocklist. Meanwhile, attackers can spin up new sites or host phishing pages on existing sites by exploiting vulnerabilities in them, bypassing rules around preventing visits to newly registered domains. It’s like trying to hit a moving target.",{"data":38440,"content":38441,"nodeType":945},{},[38442],{"data":38443,"content":38444,"nodeType":860},{},[38445,38450,38454,38463],{"data":38446,"marks":38447,"value":38449,"nodeType":864},{},[38448],{"type":899},"Web-based obfuscation: ",{"data":38451,"marks":38452,"value":38453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attacker tools and malicious implants running on webpages are constantly evolving to evade fingerprinting, and attackers are using techniques like ",{"data":38455,"content":38457,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38456},"https://www.cyfirma.com/research/html-smuggling-a-stealthier-approach-to-deliver-malware/",[38458],{"data":38459,"marks":38460,"value":38462,"nodeType":864},{},[38461],{"type":1455},"HTML smuggling",{"data":38464,"marks":38465,"value":38466,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to get around web-based controls put in place by developers. ",{"data":38468,"content":38469,"nodeType":860},{},[38470,38474,38479,38483,38488],{"data":38471,"marks":38472,"value":38473,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even if these controls are sometimes successful, attackers have reliably demonstrated ways to get around them, ",{"data":38475,"marks":38476,"value":38478,"nodeType":864},{},[38477],{"type":899},"it really is a cat-and-mouse game at this point",{"data":38480,"marks":38481,"value":38482,"nodeType":864},{},[],". There usually needs to be a compromise before the attacker's infrastructure or tooling can be tagged and blocked, but ",{"data":38484,"marks":38485,"value":38487,"nodeType":864},{},[38486],{"type":899},"they evolve so rapidly that defenders are always one step behind",{"data":38489,"marks":38490,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38492,"content":38493,"nodeType":1312},{},[38494],{"data":38495,"marks":38496,"value":38497,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“All our employees use a password manager”",{"data":38499,"content":38500,"nodeType":860},{},[38501],{"data":38502,"marks":38503,"value":38504,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Password managers are increasingly necessary due to the large number of credentials that users now have to juggle. Since the majority of apps don’t support SAML SSO, the need for separate credentials per app isn’t going away any time soon. ",{"data":38506,"content":38507,"nodeType":860},{},[38508,38512],{"data":38509,"marks":38510,"value":38511,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We often find 2 or more password managers in use per organization (not exactly optimal), but despite increased password manager adoption we see consistently high levels of password reuse, ",{"data":38513,"marks":38514,"value":38516,"nodeType":864},{},[38515],{"type":899},"with 1 in 3 users reusing passwords – including their sensitive IdP credentials. ",{"data":38518,"content":38519,"nodeType":860},{},[38520,38524,38532],{"data":38521,"marks":38522,"value":38523,"nodeType":864},{},[],"High levels of password reuse shows us that password managers don’t automatically result in secure employee behaviors, while widespread credential reuse significantly increases exposure to ",{"data":38525,"content":38526,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36558},[38527],{"data":38528,"marks":38529,"value":38531,"nodeType":864},{},[38530],{"type":1455},"credential stuffing attacks",{"data":38533,"marks":38534,"value":38535,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where attackers spray known username and password combinations across a range of app login pages.  ",{"data":38537,"content":38538,"nodeType":860},{},[38539,38544],{"data":38540,"marks":38541,"value":38543,"nodeType":864},{},[38542],{"type":899},"Generally, businesses have very limited visibility into employee password data",{"data":38545,"marks":38546,"value":38547,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to be able to enforce good practice or accurately respond to data breaches involving credential dumps, even if employees are using a password manager (or several, as the case may be).  ",{"data":38549,"content":38550,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38552,"content":38553,"nodeType":1009},{},[38554],{"data":38555,"marks":38556,"value":38557,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reason 5: “We’ve got all the security data we need”",{"data":38559,"content":38560,"nodeType":860},{},[38561],{"data":38562,"marks":38563,"value":38564,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations looking to protect themselves from modern identity attacks suffer from a pretty substantial telemetry gap. ",{"data":38566,"content":38567,"nodeType":941},{},[38568,38583,38598,38613],{"data":38569,"content":38570,"nodeType":945},{},[38571],{"data":38572,"content":38573,"nodeType":860},{},[38574,38579],{"data":38575,"marks":38576,"value":38578,"nodeType":864},{},[38577],{"type":899},"Endpoint logs ",{"data":38580,"marks":38581,"value":38582,"nodeType":864},{},[],"won’t show anything meaningful because most identity attacks don’t need to target the endpoint – no malware is deployed, everything happens in the browser, over the internet. ",{"data":38584,"content":38585,"nodeType":945},{},[38586],{"data":38587,"content":38588,"nodeType":860},{},[38589,38594],{"data":38590,"marks":38591,"value":38593,"nodeType":864},{},[38592],{"type":899},"Application logs",{"data":38595,"marks":38596,"value":38597,"nodeType":864},{},[]," are limited in availability, scope, and ease of ingestion, with most app vendors providing substandard logging, and requiring complex custom integrations to get what little data is available. ",{"data":38599,"content":38600,"nodeType":945},{},[38601],{"data":38602,"content":38603,"nodeType":860},{},[38604,38609],{"data":38605,"marks":38606,"value":38608,"nodeType":864},{},[38607],{"type":899},"Network logs",{"data":38610,"marks":38611,"value":38612,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (such as via web proxy) struggle to gather and piece together identity data points at-scale, across different apps, due to the sheer volume and broken format of the data post-TLS-termination. ",{"data":38614,"content":38615,"nodeType":945},{},[38616],{"data":38617,"content":38618,"nodeType":860},{},[38619,38624],{"data":38620,"marks":38621,"value":38623,"nodeType":864},{},[38622],{"type":899},"Identity provider logs",{"data":38625,"marks":38626,"value":38627,"nodeType":864},{},[]," naturally only cover SSO integrated apps (and therefore don’t cover ⅔ of your business apps) and look exclusively at authentication, and so are blind to client side attacks like phishing. ",{"data":38629,"content":38630,"nodeType":860},{},[38631,38635,38643],{"data":38632,"marks":38633,"value":38634,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unless you’re ingesting data from a browser-based solution like Push, it’s unlikely you have a full monitoring visibility of your identity attack surface. ",{"data":38636,"content":38637,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28366},[38638],{"data":38639,"marks":38640,"value":38642,"nodeType":864},{},[38641],{"type":1455},"Read more on the value of browser telemetry here. ",{"data":38644,"marks":38645,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38647,"content":38651,"nodeType":996},{"target":38648},{"sys":38649},{"id":38650,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5jPCGPO1tnIkoI7MKW4oUi",[],{"data":38653,"content":38654,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38656,"content":38657,"nodeType":1009},{},[38658],{"data":38659,"marks":38660,"value":38661,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Maybe there’s a reason for Push to exist after all!",{"data":38663,"content":38664,"nodeType":860},{},[38665,38670,38674,38679,38682,38687],{"data":38666,"marks":38667,"value":38669,"nodeType":864},{},[38668],{"type":899},"The key takeaway here is that there are no quick fixes or silver bullets. ",{"data":38671,"marks":38672,"value":38673,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Things like SSO, MFA, and password managers are all part of the solution, ",{"data":38675,"marks":38676,"value":38678,"nodeType":864},{},[38677],{"type":899},"but",{"data":38680,"marks":38681,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38683,"marks":38684,"value":38686,"nodeType":864},{},[38685],{"type":899},"aren’t set-and-forget controls",{"data":38688,"marks":38689,"value":38690,"nodeType":864},{},[],". They need to be continually monitored and maintained to ensure they remain effective.",{"data":38692,"content":38693,"nodeType":860},{},[38694],{"data":38695,"marks":38696,"value":38697,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push stops identity attacks by continually finding and fixing identity vulnerabilities, providing deep context to manage the identity attack surface without looking through blinkers at the IdP or individual apps. ",{"data":38699,"content":38700,"nodeType":860},{},[38701],{"data":38702,"marks":38703,"value":38704,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push helps businesses to get the most out of their identity controls (and bridge the gaps they leave) by:",{"data":38706,"content":38707,"nodeType":941},{},[38708,38723,38738,38753,38768],{"data":38709,"content":38710,"nodeType":945},{},[38711],{"data":38712,"content":38713,"nodeType":860},{},[38714,38719],{"data":38715,"marks":38716,"value":38718,"nodeType":864},{},[38717],{"type":899},"Locating all business apps",{"data":38720,"marks":38721,"value":38722,"nodeType":864},{},[],", not just those plugged into your IdP, so they can be put behind SSO (where possible) or at least securely managed and configured.",{"data":38724,"content":38725,"nodeType":945},{},[38726],{"data":38727,"content":38728,"nodeType":860},{},[38729,38734],{"data":38730,"marks":38731,"value":38733,"nodeType":864},{},[38732],{"type":899},"Identifying all workforce identities, associated login types, and MFA methods",{"data":38735,"marks":38736,"value":38737,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to more clearly pinpoint gaps, harden identities, and remediate vulnerabilities like ghost logins.",{"data":38739,"content":38740,"nodeType":945},{},[38741],{"data":38742,"content":38743,"nodeType":860},{},[38744,38749],{"data":38745,"marks":38746,"value":38748,"nodeType":864},{},[38747],{"type":899},"Stopping account takeover attempts",{"data":38750,"marks":38751,"value":38752,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by detecting and blocking AitM and BitM phishing toolkits running on webpages, blocking sensitive credential reuse to prevent credential phishing, and identifying stolen sessions running in attacker browsers. ",{"data":38754,"content":38755,"nodeType":945},{},[38756],{"data":38757,"content":38758,"nodeType":860},{},[38759,38764],{"data":38760,"marks":38761,"value":38763,"nodeType":864},{},[38762],{"type":899},"Preventing password-based attacks",{"data":38765,"marks":38766,"value":38767,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by detecting the use of weak, reused, and breached passwords across the app estate.  ",{"data":38769,"content":38770,"nodeType":945},{},[38771],{"data":38772,"content":38773,"nodeType":860},{},[38774,38779],{"data":38775,"marks":38776,"value":38778,"nodeType":864},{},[38777],{"type":899},"Providing unique telemetry in the browser",{"data":38780,"marks":38781,"value":38782,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to build both proactive and reactive security operations workflows, or add missing context to other data sources, such as IdP, application, or endpoint logs.",{"data":38784,"content":38788,"nodeType":996},{"target":38785},{"sys":38786},{"id":38787,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"11p9wnGrZHqp3XPpThHFk3",[],{"data":38790,"content":38791,"nodeType":860},{},[38792],{"data":38793,"marks":38794,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":38796},{"hyperlink":38797,"inline":38798,"block":38799},[],[],[38800,38807,38815],{"sys":38801,"__typename":1724,"title":38802,"caption":38803,"layoutMode":59,"file":38804},{"id":37452},"Nobody has any identity problems, right?","Push Security’s cheekiest advisor, Geoff Belknap.",{"url":38805,"width":38806,"height":38806},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/28qcLq225o8kusjQQQUnCC/98b10fe4f9e6916eb7657f60ab869062/Geoff_Ad__1_.png",1210,{"sys":38808,"__typename":1724,"title":38809,"caption":38810,"layoutMode":59,"file":38811},{"id":38650},"Telemetry comparison table","The browser presents a significant advantage over other sources of identity attack data.",{"url":38812,"width":38813,"height":38814},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4feAEpfP6tetyTjcLIopwG/5bec8c8c10e6e328ebe258bc59bc3cb6/Frame_627570__7_.png",2444,894,{"sys":38816,"__typename":1717,"type":38817,"ctaText":38818,"buttonLabel":38819,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":59},{"id":38787},"Demo","Book a demo to see how Push stops account takeover","Book demo",{"items":38821},[],{},"Tackling common browser & identity security misconceptions","2024-07-11T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":38826},[38827,41788,42477],{"__typename":2059,"sys":38828,"content":38829,"title":41774,"synopsis":41775,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":41776,"slug":41777,"tagsCollection":41778,"authorsCollection":41784},{"id":36989},{"json":38830},{"data":38831,"content":38832,"nodeType":856},{},[38833,38840,38872,38879,38885,38892,38912,38935,38942,38949,38973,38989,38996,39008,39015,39018,39025,39032,39048,39060,39071,39101,39104,39111,39129,39136,39144,39239,39246,39384,39391,39509,39516,39523,39694,39701,39708,39791,39794,39801,39808,39815,39878,39885,39918,39925,39968,39974,39980,40213,40219,40227,40234,40237,40244,40251,40258,40311,40318,40361,40368,40401,40407,40413,40579,40585,40593,40600,40608,40615,40623,40630,40633,40640,40647,40654,40717,40724,40757,40764,40797,40803,40809,40916,40919,40926,40933,40940,41003,41010,41043,41050,41083,41089,41095,41269,41272,41279,41286,41293,41366,41373,41406,41413,41446,41452,41458,41688,41691,41698,41705,41712,41719,41722,41729,41736,41743,41746,41753,41760,41767],{"data":38834,"content":38835,"nodeType":1009},{},[38836],{"data":38837,"marks":38838,"value":38839,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-based Identity attacks on the rise?",{"data":38841,"content":38842,"nodeType":860},{},[38843,38847,38856,38860,38869],{"data":38844,"marks":38845,"value":38846,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity has been recorded as the #1 cyber attack vector since forever. You don’t have to look particularly hard to find statistics to support this. In 2023, one source reports that ",{"data":38848,"content":38850,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38849},"https://www.csoonline.com/article/648894/identity-based-security-threats-are-growing-rapidly-report.html",[38851],{"data":38852,"marks":38853,"value":38855,"nodeType":864},{},[38854],{"type":1455},"4/5 breaches involved identity and compromised credentials",{"data":38857,"marks":38858,"value":38859,"nodeType":864},{},[],", while another suggests that ",{"data":38861,"content":38863,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38862},"https://rakgarg.substack.com/p/identity-crisis-the-biggest-prize",[38864],{"data":38865,"marks":38866,"value":38868,"nodeType":864},{},[38867],{"type":1455},"75% of breaches are caused by mismanaged identity, access, or privileges",{"data":38870,"marks":38871,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38873,"content":38874,"nodeType":860},{},[38875],{"data":38876,"marks":38877,"value":38878,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing, social engineering, credential stuffing, and business email compromise have morphed into a homogenous understanding of identity threats that are generally tackled through a combination of email security tooling, content access controls, and user awareness. ",{"data":38880,"content":38884,"nodeType":996},{"target":38881},{"sys":38882},{"id":38883,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5NRWvCl0xsoWcpgHbcQIkf",[],{"data":38886,"content":38887,"nodeType":860},{},[38888],{"data":38889,"marks":38890,"value":38891,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The fact that such attacks have been reported as the top security threat for so long probably means that people pay less attention to identity threats. Ransomware grabs the headlines, and rightly so in many cases, but phishing feels like a “known known” that we have a plan for (even if the plan often fails). ",{"data":38893,"content":38894,"nodeType":860},{},[38895,38899,38908],{"data":38896,"marks":38897,"value":38898,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In fact, there’s a problem with messaging generally. The ",{"data":38900,"content":38902,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38901},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/T78/reports/data-breach-investigation-report_2015.pdf",[38903],{"data":38904,"marks":38905,"value":38907,"nodeType":864},{},[38906],{"type":1455},"2015 Verizon DBIR",{"data":38909,"marks":38910,"value":38911,"nodeType":864},{},[]," contains plenty of stats that still ring largely true today. For example:",{"data":38913,"content":38914,"nodeType":941},{},[38915,38925],{"data":38916,"content":38917,"nodeType":945},{},[38918],{"data":38919,"content":38920,"nodeType":860},{},[38921],{"data":38922,"marks":38923,"value":38924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the 2013 DBIR, phishing was associated with over 95% of incidents attributed to state sponsored actors, and for two years running, more than two-thirds of incidents have featured phishing",{"data":38926,"content":38927,"nodeType":945},{},[38928],{"data":38929,"content":38930,"nodeType":860},{},[38931],{"data":38932,"marks":38933,"value":38934,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In 60% of cases, attackers are able to compromise an organization within minutes",{"data":38936,"content":38937,"nodeType":860},{},[38938],{"data":38939,"marks":38940,"value":38941,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Remove the dates and a lot of the report still stands up. ",{"data":38943,"content":38944,"nodeType":1312},{},[38945],{"data":38946,"marks":38947,"value":38948,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Bad then, worse now",{"data":38950,"content":38951,"nodeType":860},{},[38952,38956,38961,38965,38970],{"data":38953,"marks":38954,"value":38955,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But browser-based identity attacks ",{"data":38957,"marks":38958,"value":38960,"nodeType":864},{},[38959],{"type":899},"are",{"data":38962,"marks":38963,"value":38964,"nodeType":864},{},[]," worse than they used to be. Yes, credential stuffing, phishing, and SIM swapping may not be the most sophisticated attacks, but they remain as effective as ever. ",{"data":38966,"marks":38967,"value":38969,"nodeType":864},{},[38968],{"type":2246},"As the saying goes, if it ain’t broke — don’t fix it.",{"data":38971,"marks":38972,"value":6408,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":38974,"content":38975,"nodeType":860},{},[38976,38980,38985],{"data":38977,"marks":38978,"value":38979,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Recent attacks have moved toward a broader targeting of the ",{"data":38981,"marks":38982,"value":38984,"nodeType":864},{},[38983],{"type":899},"identity infrastructure",{"data":38986,"marks":38987,"value":38988,"nodeType":864},{},[],". While phishing and social engineering was once primarily a delivery mechanism for malicious payloads to be executed on endpoint, it is now used to harvest credentials and secrets for identity-based attacks against cloud apps and services. ",{"data":38990,"content":38991,"nodeType":860},{},[38992],{"data":38993,"marks":38994,"value":38995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And because businesses have migrated to more cloud-based services and infrastructure, the compromise of an identity now has different consequences.",{"data":38997,"content":38998,"nodeType":860},{},[38999,39003],{"data":39000,"marks":39001,"value":39002,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The data and functionality that attackers seek has moved off endpoints and internal networks and onto cloud systems and SaaS applications, which organizations are using in large numbers (tens to hundreds). The modern way of working means that applications are more often than not directly exposed to the internet — and the only thing needed to access these apps are identities. ",{"data":39004,"marks":39005,"value":39007,"nodeType":864},{},[39006],{"type":899},"Naturally, it's much harder to stop credential stuffing attacks against 100 SaaS apps than the single centralized external VPN/webmail endpoint of yesteryear. ",{"data":39009,"content":39010,"nodeType":860},{},[39011],{"data":39012,"marks":39013,"value":39014,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s clear that stats alone don’t adequately capture the identity threat. So we have to look beyond the numbers to find out why. ",{"data":39016,"content":39017,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":39019,"content":39020,"nodeType":1009},{},[39021],{"data":39022,"marks":39023,"value":39024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using this resource",{"data":39026,"content":39027,"nodeType":860},{},[39028],{"data":39029,"marks":39030,"value":39031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To cut through some of the noise, we’ve compiled this list of reported attacks and explored what they mean for the identity threat landscape. ",{"data":39033,"content":39034,"nodeType":860},{},[39035,39039,39044],{"data":39036,"marks":39037,"value":39038,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all attacks involving the compromise of digital identities (the list would be endless!). Nor is it something you should read all in one go (unless you ",{"data":39040,"marks":39041,"value":39043,"nodeType":864},{},[39042],{"type":2246},"really",{"data":39045,"marks":39046,"value":39047,"nodeType":864},{},[]," want to, we won’t stop you). We want it to be a resource that you can refer back to, that we will continue to update as new attacks are recorded. ",{"data":39049,"content":39050,"nodeType":860},{},[39051,39055],{"data":39052,"marks":39053,"value":39054,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this context we define identity attacks as ",{"data":39056,"marks":39057,"value":39059,"nodeType":864},{},[39058],{"type":899},"attacks targeting cloud identities and their associated identity management systems, protocols, applications, and infrastructure. ",{"data":39061,"content":39062,"nodeType":860},{},[39063,39067],{"data":39064,"marks":39065,"value":39066,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacks recorded below are high profile examples of browser-based identity attacks",{"data":39068,"marks":39069,"value":39070,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that demonstrate how threat actors are leveraging the cloud identity plane to evade established cyber defenses and traverse new attack paths to achieve their goals. We’ve focused on attacks targeting identity infrastructure itself that are notable for their bypassing of traditional environments and established controls (e.g. Networkless or SaaS-to-SaaS attack paths). ",{"data":39072,"content":39073,"nodeType":860},{},[39074,39078,39085,39089,39098],{"data":39075,"marks":39076,"value":39077,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As with all publicly disclosed breaches, the level of detail and transparency we see varies. Where possible, we've mapped the threat actor Tactics, Techniques and Procedures to our ",{"data":39079,"content":39080,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6586},[39081],{"data":39082,"marks":39083,"value":6772,"nodeType":864},{},[39084],{"type":1455},{"data":39086,"marks":39087,"value":39088,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (previously the SaaS Attack Matrix). To learn more about SaaS attack techniques ",{"data":39090,"content":39092,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39091},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/saas-attack-techniques/#id-problems-with-observing-saas-attacks",[39093],{"data":39094,"marks":39095,"value":39097,"nodeType":864},{},[39096],{"type":1455},"read the blog",{"data":39099,"marks":39100,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39102,"content":39103,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":39105,"content":39106,"nodeType":1009},{},[39107],{"data":39108,"marks":39109,"value":39110,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Snowflake – June 2024",{"data":39112,"content":39113,"nodeType":860},{},[39114,39118,39126],{"data":39115,"marks":39116,"value":39117,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat group known as ShinyHunters (also tracked as UNC5537) has claimed responsibility for breaching multiple organizations using Snowflake, a cloud-based data warehousing and analytics platform. The breach stems from the historical compromise of credentials used to access customer-specific Snowflake tenants, via infostealer infections. These credentials were used as part of a targeted campaign against Snowflake customers, which was exacerbated by the widespread absence of MFA due to the lack of MFA enforcement by default. At the time of writing, approximately 165 customers have been impacted globally ",{"data":39119,"content":39120,"nodeType":883},{"uri":14170},[39121],{"data":39122,"marks":39123,"value":39125,"nodeType":864},{},[39124],{"type":1455},"according to a report by Mandiant",{"data":39127,"marks":39128,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39130,"content":39131,"nodeType":1312},{},[39132],{"data":39133,"marks":39134,"value":39135,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did Snowflake get breached?",{"data":39137,"content":39138,"nodeType":860},{},[39139],{"data":39140,"marks":39141,"value":39143,"nodeType":864},{},[39142],{"type":2246},"It’s worth noting that customers/users of Snowflake were breached via their Snowflake tenants, and no central breach of Snowflake's own systems occurred.",{"data":39145,"content":39146,"nodeType":941},{},[39147,39157,39179,39189,39199,39209,39219,39229],{"data":39148,"content":39149,"nodeType":945},{},[39150],{"data":39151,"content":39152,"nodeType":860},{},[39153],{"data":39154,"marks":39155,"value":39156,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Snowflake users were infected with infostealer malware that harvested credentials from user devices over an extended period. The threat actor used Snowflake customer credentials that were previously exposed via several infostealer malware variants, including; VIDAR, RISEPRO, REDLINE, RACOON STEALER, LUMMA and METASTEALER.",{"data":39158,"content":39159,"nodeType":945},{},[39160],{"data":39161,"content":39162,"nodeType":860},{},[39163,39167,39175],{"data":39164,"marks":39165,"value":39166,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credentials appeared on criminal marketplaces e.g. dark web forums and ",{"data":39168,"content":39169,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37657},[39170],{"data":39171,"marks":39172,"value":39174,"nodeType":864},{},[39173],{"type":1455},"Telegram channels",{"data":39176,"marks":39177,"value":39178,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as combolists (username, password, and login portal combinations). ",{"data":39180,"content":39181,"nodeType":945},{},[39182],{"data":39183,"content":39184,"nodeType":860},{},[39185],{"data":39186,"marks":39187,"value":39188,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Criminal groups (either ShinyHunters or another organization) saw the potential in targeting Snowflake users, based on the availability of credentials, number of customer organizations, and the value of the data that can be accessed in Snowflake. ",{"data":39190,"content":39191,"nodeType":945},{},[39192],{"data":39193,"content":39194,"nodeType":860},{},[39195],{"data":39196,"marks":39197,"value":39198,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters embarked on a large-scale campaign targeting Snowflake customer accounts using previously breached credentials. ",{"data":39200,"content":39201,"nodeType":945},{},[39202],{"data":39203,"content":39204,"nodeType":860},{},[39205],{"data":39206,"marks":39207,"value":39208,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters accessed user accounts that lacked MFA, belonging to approximately 165 Snowflake customers. ",{"data":39210,"content":39211,"nodeType":945},{},[39212],{"data":39213,"content":39214,"nodeType":860},{},[39215],{"data":39216,"marks":39217,"value":39218,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters used SQL-based reconnaissance, staging, and data exfiltration techniques, expedited by custom hacker tooling developed specifically for Snowflake, to conduct attacks at scale.",{"data":39220,"content":39221,"nodeType":945},{},[39222],{"data":39223,"content":39224,"nodeType":860},{},[39225],{"data":39226,"marks":39227,"value":39228,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters acquired massive quantities of Snowflake data based on the information that each customer stored in Snowflake or connected apps. The most sensitive data declared so far pertains to end-customers of each victim, for example PII, bank account and card information, etc.  ",{"data":39230,"content":39231,"nodeType":945},{},[39232],{"data":39233,"content":39234,"nodeType":860},{},[39235],{"data":39236,"marks":39237,"value":39238,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters began attempts to extort Snowflake and end-customers using the data acquired. ",{"data":39240,"content":39241,"nodeType":1312},{},[39242],{"data":39243,"marks":39244,"value":39245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the Snowflake breach?",{"data":39247,"content":39248,"nodeType":941},{},[39249,39268,39299,39327,39346,39365],{"data":39250,"content":39251,"nodeType":945},{},[39252],{"data":39253,"content":39254,"nodeType":860},{},[39255,39259,39264],{"data":39256,"marks":39257,"value":39258,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Approximately ",{"data":39260,"marks":39261,"value":39263,"nodeType":864},{},[39262],{"type":899},"165 victims were identified by Mandiant",{"data":39265,"marks":39266,"value":39267,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Organizations are gradually coming forward to declare the breach and release customer communications accordingly, but not all victims have been named.",{"data":39269,"content":39270,"nodeType":945},{},[39271],{"data":39272,"content":39273,"nodeType":860},{},[39274,39278,39283,39287,39295],{"data":39275,"marks":39276,"value":39277,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Based on the figures being suggested so far, the impact upon end-customers is huge, with the data of ",{"data":39279,"marks":39280,"value":39282,"nodeType":864},{},[39281],{"type":899},"hundreds of millions of people exposed",{"data":39284,"marks":39285,"value":39286,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and has been touted by some news outlets as ‘",{"data":39288,"content":39289,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27902},[39290],{"data":39291,"marks":39292,"value":39294,"nodeType":864},{},[39293],{"type":1455},"one of the biggest breaches ever",{"data":39296,"marks":39297,"value":39298,"nodeType":864},{},[],"’.  ",{"data":39300,"content":39301,"nodeType":945},{},[39302],{"data":39303,"content":39304,"nodeType":860},{},[39305,39309,39314,39318,39323],{"data":39306,"marks":39307,"value":39308,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The impact on the affected businesses is largely unknown at this stage. It’s clear that the victims will suffer ",{"data":39310,"marks":39311,"value":39313,"nodeType":864},{},[39312],{"type":899},"reputational damage",{"data":39315,"marks":39316,"value":39317,"nodeType":864},{},[]," based on the extent of their individual breaches, and possibly face other ",{"data":39319,"marks":39320,"value":39322,"nodeType":864},{},[39321],{"type":899},"penalties and sanctions",{"data":39324,"marks":39325,"value":39326,"nodeType":864},{},[]," if they are found to be at fault by their respective regulators and/or national information security authorities. ",{"data":39328,"content":39329,"nodeType":945},{},[39330],{"data":39331,"content":39332,"nodeType":860},{},[39333,39337,39342],{"data":39334,"marks":39335,"value":39336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The impact upon individuals will be significant, with high potential for further targeting in terms of ",{"data":39338,"marks":39339,"value":39341,"nodeType":864},{},[39340],{"type":899},"identity theft, blackmail, financial crime",{"data":39343,"marks":39344,"value":39345,"nodeType":864},{},[],", etc.  ",{"data":39347,"content":39348,"nodeType":945},{},[39349],{"data":39350,"content":39351,"nodeType":860},{},[39352,39356,39361],{"data":39353,"marks":39354,"value":39355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It is unclear what data has been exposed in addition to personal data affecting end-customers. If other sensitive commercial or business data pertaining to ",{"data":39357,"marks":39358,"value":39360,"nodeType":864},{},[39359],{"type":899},"Intellectual Property",{"data":39362,"marks":39363,"value":39364,"nodeType":864},{},[]," has been exposed then this data may also be sold on via other nefarious channels, with a potential future impact.",{"data":39366,"content":39367,"nodeType":945},{},[39368],{"data":39369,"content":39370,"nodeType":860},{},[39371,39375,39380],{"data":39372,"marks":39373,"value":39374,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Given the lack of MFA for the compromised accounts, there has been a general criticism of the ‘opt-in’ nature of MFA for SaaS services, with many security professionals suggesting that ",{"data":39376,"marks":39377,"value":39379,"nodeType":864},{},[39378],{"type":899},"Snowflake should enforce MFA by default",{"data":39381,"marks":39382,"value":39383,"nodeType":864},{},[]," given the critical nature of the service. ",{"data":39385,"content":39386,"nodeType":1312},{},[39387],{"data":39388,"marks":39389,"value":39390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Snowflake breach?",{"data":39392,"content":39393,"nodeType":941},{},[39394,39413,39454,39481],{"data":39395,"content":39396,"nodeType":945},{},[39397],{"data":39398,"content":39399,"nodeType":860},{},[39400,39404,39409],{"data":39401,"marks":39402,"value":39403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The breach ",{"data":39405,"marks":39406,"value":39408,"nodeType":864},{},[39407],{"type":899},"was achieved by using stolen credentials dating back as far as 2020",{"data":39410,"marks":39411,"value":39412,"nodeType":864},{},[],", that had not been rotated or changed. This indicates that many of the credentials used were not necessarily the result of any recent data sharing. This highlights the potential risk of breached credentials already in the public domain; particularly in the case of cloud services that may not be subject to the same levels of credential hygiene as other traditional network logins. ",{"data":39414,"content":39415,"nodeType":945},{},[39416],{"data":39417,"content":39418,"nodeType":860},{},[39419,39423,39431,39434,39439,39443,39451],{"data":39420,"marks":39421,"value":39422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Much of the industry response has focused on ensuring that accounts are using SSO (and therefore are protected by MFA at the IdP level). However, due to the existence of ",{"data":39424,"content":39426,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39425},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/ghost-logins",[39427],{"data":39428,"marks":39429,"value":13417,"nodeType":864},{},[39430],{"type":1455},{"data":39432,"marks":39433,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39435,"marks":39436,"value":39438,"nodeType":864},{},[39437],{"type":899},"local logins without MFA can exist simultaneously with the SSO login unless expressly disabled",{"data":39440,"marks":39441,"value":39442,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Organizations using Snowflake that are looking to lock down their accounts can ",{"data":39444,"content":39445,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32284},[39446],{"data":39447,"marks":39448,"value":39450,"nodeType":864},{},[39449],{"type":1455},"watch our recent demo of how to effectively remediate this vulnerability in Snowflake",{"data":39452,"marks":39453,"value":26603,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39455,"content":39456,"nodeType":945},{},[39457],{"data":39458,"content":39459,"nodeType":860},{},[39460,39465,39469,39477],{"data":39461,"marks":39462,"value":39464,"nodeType":864},{},[39463],{"type":899},"80% of the credentials were gathered through infostealer malware",{"data":39466,"marks":39467,"value":39468,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Typically, this occurs when unmanaged devices are used to access company resources, or personal browser profiles are synchronized on both work and personal devices. Malware deployed to an insecure personal device can then access and steal credentials for company resources. This situation usually occurs when working with third-party contractors on a BYOD basis; ",{"data":39470,"content":39471,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38220},[39472],{"data":39473,"marks":39474,"value":39476,"nodeType":864},{},[39475],{"type":1455},"a recent article indicates that Ukraine-based EPAM Systems",{"data":39478,"marks":39479,"value":39480,"nodeType":864},{},[],", an engineering and digital service provider and “Elite Tier Partner” of Snowflake, was one such organization breached in this way. Organizations consuming Snowflake-related services from EPAM were then subsequently affected, as the compromise of EPAM users granted access to a large number of Snowflake credentials for various company tenants.  ",{"data":39482,"content":39483,"nodeType":945},{},[39484],{"data":39485,"content":39486,"nodeType":860},{},[39487,39491,39496,39500,39505],{"data":39488,"marks":39489,"value":39490,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While attacker activity has focused on Snowflake to date, the success of this attack will signal the potential for further credential based attacks against similar apps. ",{"data":39492,"marks":39493,"value":39495,"nodeType":864},{},[39494],{"type":899},"There may already be a 'Snowflake 2.0' among the credentials already available online",{"data":39497,"marks":39498,"value":39499,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Further, credentials can be used against a wide range of apps to capitalize on potential ",{"data":39501,"marks":39502,"value":39504,"nodeType":864},{},[39503],{"type":899},"password reuse (which we see for 1 in 3 employees)",{"data":39506,"marks":39507,"value":39508,"nodeType":864},{},[],", so the exact creds for a particular app don’t have to be explicitly breached, so long as the domain for the login portal can be guessed or has been exposed elsewhere.   ",{"data":39510,"content":39511,"nodeType":1312},{},[39512],{"data":39513,"marks":39514,"value":39515,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix mapping",{"data":39517,"content":39518,"nodeType":860},{},[39519],{"data":39520,"marks":39521,"value":39522,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For more information on each TTP please navigate to the entries linked in the table below. ",{"data":39524,"content":39525,"nodeType":4845},{},[39526,39569,39631],{"data":39527,"content":39528,"nodeType":4581},{},[39529,39539,39549,39559],{"data":39530,"content":39531,"nodeType":18051},{},[39532],{"data":39533,"content":39534,"nodeType":860},{},[39535],{"data":39536,"marks":39537,"value":39538,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ID",{"data":39540,"content":39541,"nodeType":18051},{},[39542],{"data":39543,"content":39544,"nodeType":860},{},[39545],{"data":39546,"marks":39547,"value":39548,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Name",{"data":39550,"content":39551,"nodeType":18051},{},[39552],{"data":39553,"content":39554,"nodeType":860},{},[39555],{"data":39556,"marks":39557,"value":39558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stage",{"data":39560,"content":39561,"nodeType":18051},{},[39562],{"data":39563,"content":39564,"nodeType":860},{},[39565],{"data":39566,"marks":39567,"value":39568,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Description",{"data":39570,"content":39571,"nodeType":4581},{},[39572,39592,39611,39621],{"data":39573,"content":39574,"nodeType":4569},{},[39575],{"data":39576,"content":39577,"nodeType":860},{},[39578,39581,39589],{"data":39579,"marks":39580,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39582,"content":39583,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20583},[39584],{"data":39585,"marks":39586,"value":39588,"nodeType":864},{},[39587],{"type":1455},"SAT1017",{"data":39590,"marks":39591,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39593,"content":39594,"nodeType":4569},{},[39595],{"data":39596,"content":39597,"nodeType":860},{},[39598,39601,39608],{"data":39599,"marks":39600,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39602,"content":39603,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39425},[39604],{"data":39605,"marks":39606,"value":395,"nodeType":864},{},[39607],{"type":1455},{"data":39609,"marks":39610,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39612,"content":39613,"nodeType":4569},{},[39614],{"data":39615,"content":39616,"nodeType":860},{},[39617],{"data":39618,"marks":39619,"value":39620,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Initial Access; Persistence; Defense Evasion",{"data":39622,"content":39623,"nodeType":4569},{},[39624],{"data":39625,"content":39626,"nodeType":860},{},[39627],{"data":39628,"marks":39629,"value":39630,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Abusing non-SSO additional login methods such as password-based authentication (local to the SaaS app), social logins, API access, etc. ",{"data":39632,"content":39633,"nodeType":4581},{},[39634,39654,39674,39684],{"data":39635,"content":39636,"nodeType":4569},{},[39637],{"data":39638,"content":39639,"nodeType":860},{},[39640,39643,39651],{"data":39641,"marks":39642,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39644,"content":39645,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32064},[39646],{"data":39647,"marks":39648,"value":39650,"nodeType":864},{},[39649],{"type":1455},"SAT1044",{"data":39652,"marks":39653,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39655,"content":39656,"nodeType":4569},{},[39657],{"data":39658,"content":39659,"nodeType":860},{},[39660,39663,39671],{"data":39661,"marks":39662,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39664,"content":39666,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39665},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/session-cookie-theft",[39667],{"data":39668,"marks":39669,"value":32478,"nodeType":864},{},[39670],{"type":1455},{"data":39672,"marks":39673,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39675,"content":39676,"nodeType":4569},{},[39677],{"data":39678,"content":39679,"nodeType":860},{},[39680],{"data":39681,"marks":39682,"value":39683,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Lateral Movement; Defense Evasion",{"data":39685,"content":39686,"nodeType":4569},{},[39687],{"data":39688,"content":39689,"nodeType":860},{},[39690],{"data":39691,"marks":39692,"value":39693,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Session cookies are used to pivot from an endpoint compromise and laterally move to downstream SaaS applications.",{"data":39695,"content":39696,"nodeType":1312},{},[39697],{"data":39698,"marks":39699,"value":39700,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Related breaches",{"data":39702,"content":39703,"nodeType":860},{},[39704],{"data":39705,"marks":39706,"value":39707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Named victims are listed below:",{"data":39709,"content":39710,"nodeType":941},{},[39711,39721,39731,39741,39751,39761,39771,39781],{"data":39712,"content":39713,"nodeType":945},{},[39714],{"data":39715,"content":39716,"nodeType":860},{},[39717],{"data":39718,"marks":39719,"value":39720,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ticketmaster",{"data":39722,"content":39723,"nodeType":945},{},[39724],{"data":39725,"content":39726,"nodeType":860},{},[39727],{"data":39728,"marks":39729,"value":39730,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Santander",{"data":39732,"content":39733,"nodeType":945},{},[39734],{"data":39735,"content":39736,"nodeType":860},{},[39737],{"data":39738,"marks":39739,"value":39740,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Neiman Marcus",{"data":39742,"content":39743,"nodeType":945},{},[39744],{"data":39745,"content":39746,"nodeType":860},{},[39747],{"data":39748,"marks":39749,"value":39750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Los Angeles Unified",{"data":39752,"content":39753,"nodeType":945},{},[39754],{"data":39755,"content":39756,"nodeType":860},{},[39757],{"data":39758,"marks":39759,"value":39760,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Pure Storage",{"data":39762,"content":39763,"nodeType":945},{},[39764],{"data":39765,"content":39766,"nodeType":860},{},[39767],{"data":39768,"marks":39769,"value":39770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Advance Auto Parts",{"data":39772,"content":39773,"nodeType":945},{},[39774],{"data":39775,"content":39776,"nodeType":860},{},[39777],{"data":39778,"marks":39779,"value":39780,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Truist Bank",{"data":39782,"content":39783,"nodeType":945},{},[39784],{"data":39785,"content":39786,"nodeType":860},{},[39787],{"data":39788,"marks":39789,"value":39790,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Lending Tree",{"data":39792,"content":39793,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":39795,"content":39796,"nodeType":1009},{},[39797],{"data":39798,"marks":39799,"value":39800,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft — January 2024",{"data":39802,"content":39803,"nodeType":860},{},[39804],{"data":39805,"marks":39806,"value":39807,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat group known as APT29 (also known as “The Dukes”, “Cozy Bear”, and labeled “Midnight Blizzard” by Microsoft) executed a cleverly executed password-guessing attack to compromise test cloud identities that were also lacking MFA. Attackers then leveraged this access to compromise some OAuth applications that allowed lateral movement to Microsoft’s corporate environment and the creation of other malicious OAuth applications to achieve persistence.",{"data":39809,"content":39810,"nodeType":1312},{},[39811],{"data":39812,"marks":39813,"value":39814,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did Microsoft get breached?",{"data":39816,"content":39817,"nodeType":941},{},[39818,39828,39838,39848,39858,39868],{"data":39819,"content":39820,"nodeType":945},{},[39821],{"data":39822,"content":39823,"nodeType":860},{},[39824],{"data":39825,"marks":39826,"value":39827,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 utilized password spraying / credential stuffing attacks to compromise test cloud identities that were also lacking MFA, attached to a non-production test tenant.",{"data":39829,"content":39830,"nodeType":945},{},[39831],{"data":39832,"content":39833,"nodeType":860},{},[39834],{"data":39835,"marks":39836,"value":39837,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 leveraged their initial access to the test tenant to identify and compromise a test OAuth application that had access to the Microsoft corporate environment by leveraging permissive Entra ID roles in the test tenant.",{"data":39839,"content":39840,"nodeType":945},{},[39841],{"data":39842,"content":39843,"nodeType":860},{},[39844],{"data":39845,"marks":39846,"value":39847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 used the existing configurations to access the Microsoft corporate Entra ID tenant whereupon the app registration from the test tenant was installed as a service principal in the corporate tenant, granting the equivalent of global admin rights.",{"data":39849,"content":39850,"nodeType":945},{},[39851],{"data":39852,"content":39853,"nodeType":860},{},[39854],{"data":39855,"marks":39856,"value":39857,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using these new permissions, APT29 registered additional malicious OAuth applications in the Microsoft corporate environment, and created a new user in the Microsoft corporate tenant to grant consent to the new malicious OAuth apps, thereby achieving persistent access to the environment.",{"data":39859,"content":39860,"nodeType":945},{},[39861],{"data":39862,"content":39863,"nodeType":860},{},[39864],{"data":39865,"marks":39866,"value":39867,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 leveraged the elevated (maximum) privileges assigned to the ‘test’ app service principal to grant app roles to other newly created app service principals, granting them the Office 365 Exchange Online full_access_as_app role in the corporate tenant, which allows access to mailboxes.",{"data":39869,"content":39870,"nodeType":945},{},[39871],{"data":39872,"content":39873,"nodeType":860},{},[39874],{"data":39875,"marks":39876,"value":39877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 leveraged these malicious OAuth applications to authenticate to Microsoft Exchange Online and target Microsoft corporate email accounts.",{"data":39879,"content":39880,"nodeType":1312},{},[39881],{"data":39882,"marks":39883,"value":39884,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the Microsoft breach?",{"data":39886,"content":39887,"nodeType":941},{},[39888,39898,39908],{"data":39889,"content":39890,"nodeType":945},{},[39891],{"data":39892,"content":39893,"nodeType":860},{},[39894],{"data":39895,"marks":39896,"value":39897,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 had access to Microsoft corporate email accounts, including members of the senior leadership team and employees in the cybersecurity, legal, and other functions, resulting in sensitive data leakage.",{"data":39899,"content":39900,"nodeType":945},{},[39901],{"data":39902,"content":39903,"nodeType":860},{},[39904],{"data":39905,"marks":39906,"value":39907,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft has not disclosed any further impacts at this time, but it is likely that the adversary had complete, unmitigated control of the Microsoft corporate tenant for a period of time, with global administrator level access.",{"data":39909,"content":39910,"nodeType":945},{},[39911],{"data":39912,"content":39913,"nodeType":860},{},[39914],{"data":39915,"marks":39916,"value":39917,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since the initial attack there has been evidence of continued targeting, with password spraying attacks reportedly increasing tenfold, likely informed by stolen information.",{"data":39919,"content":39920,"nodeType":1312},{},[39921],{"data":39922,"marks":39923,"value":39924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Microsoft breach?",{"data":39926,"content":39927,"nodeType":941},{},[39928,39938,39948,39958],{"data":39929,"content":39930,"nodeType":945},{},[39931],{"data":39932,"content":39933,"nodeType":860},{},[39934],{"data":39935,"marks":39936,"value":39937,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack was covert and targeted, with APT29 tailoring the attack to a limited number of accounts and using a low number of attempts to evade detection and avoid account blocks based on the volume of failures.",{"data":39939,"content":39940,"nodeType":945},{},[39941],{"data":39942,"content":39943,"nodeType":860},{},[39944],{"data":39945,"marks":39946,"value":39947,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 used residential proxy networks when interacting with the compromised tenant and, subsequently, with Exchange Online to obfuscate the source of their attack and avoid impossible travel detections. ",{"data":39949,"content":39950,"nodeType":945},{},[39951],{"data":39952,"content":39953,"nodeType":860},{},[39954],{"data":39955,"marks":39956,"value":39957,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 demonstrated mature and in-depth understanding of cloud infrastructure, protocols, and workflows, particularly in terms of privilege escalation and lateral movement.",{"data":39959,"content":39960,"nodeType":945},{},[39961],{"data":39962,"content":39963,"nodeType":860},{},[39964],{"data":39965,"marks":39966,"value":39967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If even Microsoft (an organization with pretty much unrivaled security resources) can’t ensure that all their accounts are protected by MFA and that there are no weak links between test/dev and prod systems, this should be a wake-up call for any company that thinks their MFA implementation is flawless. ",{"data":39969,"content":39970,"nodeType":1312},{},[39971],{"data":39972,"marks":39973,"value":39515,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39975,"content":39976,"nodeType":860},{},[39977],{"data":39978,"marks":39979,"value":39522,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39981,"content":39982,"nodeType":4845},{},[39983,40023,40086,40149],{"data":39984,"content":39985,"nodeType":4581},{},[39986,39995,40005,40014],{"data":39987,"content":39988,"nodeType":18051},{},[39989],{"data":39990,"content":39991,"nodeType":860},{},[39992],{"data":39993,"marks":39994,"value":39538,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39996,"content":39997,"nodeType":18051},{},[39998],{"data":39999,"content":40000,"nodeType":860},{},[40001],{"data":40002,"marks":40003,"value":40004,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Technique",{"data":40006,"content":40007,"nodeType":18051},{},[40008],{"data":40009,"content":40010,"nodeType":860},{},[40011],{"data":40012,"marks":40013,"value":39558,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40015,"content":40016,"nodeType":18051},{},[40017],{"data":40018,"content":40019,"nodeType":860},{},[40020],{"data":40021,"marks":40022,"value":39568,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40024,"content":40025,"nodeType":4581},{},[40026,40046,40066,40076],{"data":40027,"content":40028,"nodeType":4569},{},[40029],{"data":40030,"content":40031,"nodeType":860},{},[40032,40035,40043],{"data":40033,"marks":40034,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40036,"content":40037,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32101},[40038],{"data":40039,"marks":40040,"value":40042,"nodeType":864},{},[40041],{"type":1455},"SAT1011",{"data":40044,"marks":40045,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40047,"content":40048,"nodeType":4569},{},[40049],{"data":40050,"content":40051,"nodeType":860},{},[40052,40055,40063],{"data":40053,"marks":40054,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40056,"content":40058,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40057},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/credential-stuffing",[40059],{"data":40060,"marks":40061,"value":333,"nodeType":864},{},[40062],{"type":1455},{"data":40064,"marks":40065,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40067,"content":40068,"nodeType":4569},{},[40069],{"data":40070,"content":40071,"nodeType":860},{},[40072],{"data":40073,"marks":40074,"value":40075,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Initial 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",{"data":40087,"content":40088,"nodeType":4581},{},[40089,40109,40129,40139],{"data":40090,"content":40091,"nodeType":4569},{},[40092],{"data":40093,"content":40094,"nodeType":860},{},[40095,40098,40106],{"data":40096,"marks":40097,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40099,"content":40100,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32701},[40101],{"data":40102,"marks":40103,"value":40105,"nodeType":864},{},[40104],{"type":1455},"SAT1027",{"data":40107,"marks":40108,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40110,"content":40111,"nodeType":4569},{},[40112],{"data":40113,"content":40114,"nodeType":860},{},[40115,40118,40126],{"data":40116,"marks":40117,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40119,"content":40121,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40120},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/oauth-tokens",[40122],{"data":40123,"marks":40124,"value":32707,"nodeType":864},{},[40125],{"type":1455},{"data":40127,"marks":40128,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40130,"content":40131,"nodeType":4569},{},[40132],{"data":40133,"content":40134,"nodeType":860},{},[40135],{"data":40136,"marks":40137,"value":40138,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Execution; Persistence; Defense Evasion",{"data":40140,"content":40141,"nodeType":4569},{},[40142],{"data":40143,"content":40144,"nodeType":860},{},[40145],{"data":40146,"marks":40147,"value":40148,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use a malicious OAuth app to create an OAuth token, using arbitrary permissions to maintain long-term programmatic access to a compromised user account.",{"data":40150,"content":40151,"nodeType":4581},{},[40152,40172,40193,40203],{"data":40153,"content":40154,"nodeType":4569},{},[40155],{"data":40156,"content":40157,"nodeType":860},{},[40158,40161,40169],{"data":40159,"marks":40160,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40162,"content":40163,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32933},[40164],{"data":40165,"marks":40166,"value":40168,"nodeType":864},{},[40167],{"type":1455},"SAT1001",{"data":40170,"marks":40171,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40173,"content":40174,"nodeType":4569},{},[40175],{"data":40176,"content":40177,"nodeType":860},{},[40178,40181,40190],{"data":40179,"marks":40180,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40182,"content":40184,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40183},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/abuse-existing-oauth-integrations",[40185],{"data":40186,"marks":40187,"value":40189,"nodeType":864},{},[40188],{"type":1455},"Abuse existing OAuth integrations",{"data":40191,"marks":40192,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40194,"content":40195,"nodeType":4569},{},[40196],{"data":40197,"content":40198,"nodeType":860},{},[40199],{"data":40200,"marks":40201,"value":40202,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Privilege Escalation;\nLateral Movement",{"data":40204,"content":40205,"nodeType":4569},{},[40206],{"data":40207,"content":40208,"nodeType":860},{},[40209],{"data":40210,"marks":40211,"value":40212,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If an adversary compromises a SaaS account integrated with other apps, they can escalate privileges and move laterally to other apps.",{"data":40214,"content":40215,"nodeType":1312},{},[40216],{"data":40217,"marks":40218,"value":39700,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40220,"content":40221,"nodeType":860},{},[40222],{"data":40223,"marks":40224,"value":40226,"nodeType":864},{},[40225],{"type":899},"Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) — May 2023",{"data":40228,"content":40229,"nodeType":860},{},[40230],{"data":40231,"marks":40232,"value":40233,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At the time of the Microsoft breach becoming public knowledge, HPE disclosed that they had become aware of a historical incident in Dec 2023, involving unauthorized access to and exfiltration of a limited number of SharePoint files as early as May 2023. Hackers accessed and exfiltrated data from HPE mailboxes belonging to individuals in the cybersecurity, go-to-market, business segments, and other functions. No further information is available on the techniques used or impact of the breach. ",{"data":40235,"content":40236,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":40238,"content":40239,"nodeType":1009},{},[40240],{"data":40241,"marks":40242,"value":40243,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Okta — October 2023",{"data":40245,"content":40246,"nodeType":860},{},[40247],{"data":40248,"marks":40249,"value":40250,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An unknown threat group compromised an Okta employee's personal Google account that was being used on a company-managed device, granting the threat actor access to a service account for Okta’s customer support system, that included session tokens for 134 customers. This was then used to hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of five customers. ",{"data":40252,"content":40253,"nodeType":1312},{},[40254],{"data":40255,"marks":40256,"value":40257,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did Okta get breached?",{"data":40259,"content":40260,"nodeType":941},{},[40261,40271,40281,40291,40301],{"data":40262,"content":40263,"nodeType":945},{},[40264],{"data":40265,"content":40266,"nodeType":860},{},[40267],{"data":40268,"marks":40269,"value":40270,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor compromised a personal Google account that the user had accessed from their Okta-managed work device by signing into their personal profile from the Chrome browser.",{"data":40272,"content":40273,"nodeType":945},{},[40274],{"data":40275,"content":40276,"nodeType":860},{},[40277],{"data":40278,"marks":40279,"value":40280,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The personal account credentials are likely to have been compromised in a historical data breach and did not have MFA enabled.",{"data":40282,"content":40283,"nodeType":945},{},[40284],{"data":40285,"content":40286,"nodeType":860},{},[40287],{"data":40288,"marks":40289,"value":40290,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The username and password of a service account for Okta’s customer support system had been saved into the employee’s personal Google account and was therefore compromised.",{"data":40292,"content":40293,"nodeType":945},{},[40294],{"data":40295,"content":40296,"nodeType":860},{},[40297],{"data":40298,"marks":40299,"value":40300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor was able to access the service account by logging in using the stolen credentials, which again likely did not have MFA deployed as a service account.",{"data":40302,"content":40303,"nodeType":945},{},[40304],{"data":40305,"content":40306,"nodeType":860},{},[40307],{"data":40308,"marks":40309,"value":40310,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor was able to use session tokens in the HAR files to impersonate staff and hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of five customers, including 1Password, BeyondTrust, and Cloudflare.",{"data":40312,"content":40313,"nodeType":1312},{},[40314],{"data":40315,"marks":40316,"value":40317,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the Okta breach?",{"data":40319,"content":40320,"nodeType":941},{},[40321,40331,40341,40351],{"data":40322,"content":40323,"nodeType":945},{},[40324],{"data":40325,"content":40326,"nodeType":860},{},[40327],{"data":40328,"marks":40329,"value":40330,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor gained unauthorized access to files inside Okta’s customer support system associated with 134 Okta customers.",{"data":40332,"content":40333,"nodeType":945},{},[40334],{"data":40335,"content":40336,"nodeType":860},{},[40337],{"data":40338,"marks":40339,"value":40340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor was able to use these session tokens to hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of 5 (publicly disclosed) customers.",{"data":40342,"content":40343,"nodeType":945},{},[40344],{"data":40345,"content":40346,"nodeType":860},{},[40347],{"data":40348,"marks":40349,"value":40350,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Okta originally claimed the breach had impacted only 1% of customers, but later found that a report run and downloaded by the threat actor contained the names and email addresses of all 18,400 Okta customer support users, as well as some Okta employee information, meaning 100% of customer support users were impacted.",{"data":40352,"content":40353,"nodeType":945},{},[40354],{"data":40355,"content":40356,"nodeType":860},{},[40357],{"data":40358,"marks":40359,"value":40360,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Okta users are at higher risk of phishing and credential stuffing attacks based on the data stolen by the threat actor, increasing the importance of robust MFA implementation.",{"data":40362,"content":40363,"nodeType":1312},{},[40364],{"data":40365,"marks":40366,"value":40367,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Okta breach?",{"data":40369,"content":40370,"nodeType":941},{},[40371,40381,40391],{"data":40372,"content":40373,"nodeType":945},{},[40374],{"data":40375,"content":40376,"nodeType":860},{},[40377],{"data":40378,"marks":40379,"value":40380,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This attack demonstrates the risk associated with cloud Identity Providers and the potential goldmine that they are to attackers. Much in the same way that the manufacturers of physical and virtual network appliances are continuously probed for software vulnerabilities, cloud IdPs like Okta present a huge potential opportunity, both in terms of targeting specific organizational instances as well as the Okta organization. This attack showcases the possibility of third-party supply chain attacks to target downstream organizations using IdP services. ",{"data":40382,"content":40383,"nodeType":945},{},[40384],{"data":40385,"content":40386,"nodeType":860},{},[40387],{"data":40388,"marks":40389,"value":40390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similar to the Microsoft breach, gaps were discovered and exploited in Okta’s MFA coverage and implementation, highlighting that there are gaps in even the most mature organizations. ",{"data":40392,"content":40393,"nodeType":945},{},[40394],{"data":40395,"content":40396,"nodeType":860},{},[40397],{"data":40398,"marks":40399,"value":40400,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The subsequent attack on Cloudflare (see below) and the scale of the recovery effort demonstrates the significant operational overhead in responding to and recovering from a breach of identity infrastructure, with a similar or greater scale than a traditional Active Directory compromise. While addressing the incident, Cloudflare's staff rotated all production credentials (over 5,000 unique ones), physically segmented test and staging systems, performed forensic triage on 4,893 systems, reimaged and rebooted all systems on the company's global network, including all Atlassian servers (Jira, Confluence, and Bitbucket) and machines accessed by the threat actor. All equipment in Cloudflare's Brazil data center, which was unsuccessfully targeted by the threat actor, was later returned to the manufacturers to ensure that the data center was secure.",{"data":40402,"content":40403,"nodeType":1312},{},[40404],{"data":40405,"marks":40406,"value":39515,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40408,"content":40409,"nodeType":860},{},[40410],{"data":40411,"marks":40412,"value":39522,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40414,"content":40415,"nodeType":4845},{},[40416,40455,40514],{"data":40417,"content":40418,"nodeType":4581},{},[40419,40428,40437,40446],{"data":40420,"content":40421,"nodeType":18051},{},[40422],{"data":40423,"content":40424,"nodeType":860},{},[40425],{"data":40426,"marks":40427,"value":39538,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40429,"content":40430,"nodeType":18051},{},[40431],{"data":40432,"content":40433,"nodeType":860},{},[40434],{"data":40435,"marks":40436,"value":40004,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40438,"content":40439,"nodeType":18051},{},[40440],{"data":40441,"content":40442,"nodeType":860},{},[40443],{"data":40444,"marks":40445,"value":39558,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40447,"content":40448,"nodeType":18051},{},[40449],{"data":40450,"content":40451,"nodeType":860},{},[40452],{"data":40453,"marks":40454,"value":39568,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40456,"content":40457,"nodeType":4581},{},[40458,40477,40496,40505],{"data":40459,"content":40460,"nodeType":4569},{},[40461],{"data":40462,"content":40463,"nodeType":860},{},[40464,40467,40474],{"data":40465,"marks":40466,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40468,"content":40469,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32101},[40470],{"data":40471,"marks":40472,"value":40042,"nodeType":864},{},[40473],{"type":1455},{"data":40475,"marks":40476,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40478,"content":40479,"nodeType":4569},{},[40480],{"data":40481,"content":40482,"nodeType":860},{},[40483,40486,40493],{"data":40484,"marks":40485,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40487,"content":40488,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40057},[40489],{"data":40490,"marks":40491,"value":333,"nodeType":864},{},[40492],{"type":1455},{"data":40494,"marks":40495,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40497,"content":40498,"nodeType":4569},{},[40499],{"data":40500,"content":40501,"nodeType":860},{},[40502],{"data":40503,"marks":40504,"value":40075,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40506,"content":40507,"nodeType":4569},{},[40508],{"data":40509,"content":40510,"nodeType":860},{},[40511],{"data":40512,"marks":40513,"value":40085,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40515,"content":40516,"nodeType":4581},{},[40517,40538,40559,40569],{"data":40518,"content":40519,"nodeType":4569},{},[40520],{"data":40521,"content":40522,"nodeType":860},{},[40523,40526,40535],{"data":40524,"marks":40525,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40527,"content":40529,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40528},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/password_scraping/description.md",[40530],{"data":40531,"marks":40532,"value":40534,"nodeType":864},{},[40533],{"type":1455},"SAT1028",{"data":40536,"marks":40537,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40539,"content":40540,"nodeType":4569},{},[40541],{"data":40542,"content":40543,"nodeType":860},{},[40544,40547,40556],{"data":40545,"marks":40546,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40548,"content":40550,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40549},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/password-scraping",[40551],{"data":40552,"marks":40553,"value":40555,"nodeType":864},{},[40554],{"type":1455},"Password Scraping",{"data":40557,"marks":40558,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40560,"content":40561,"nodeType":4569},{},[40562],{"data":40563,"content":40564,"nodeType":860},{},[40565],{"data":40566,"marks":40567,"value":40568,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credential Access",{"data":40570,"content":40571,"nodeType":4569},{},[40572],{"data":40573,"content":40574,"nodeType":860},{},[40575],{"data":40576,"marks":40577,"value":40578,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Collection of credentials and secrets from repositories e.g. password managers, SaaS file stores, etc.",{"data":40580,"content":40581,"nodeType":1312},{},[40582],{"data":40583,"marks":40584,"value":39700,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40586,"content":40587,"nodeType":860},{},[40588],{"data":40589,"marks":40590,"value":40592,"nodeType":864},{},[40591],{"type":899},"Cloudflare — November 2023",{"data":40594,"content":40595,"nodeType":860},{},[40596],{"data":40597,"marks":40598,"value":40599,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor used tokens and credentials that had not been rotated to breach Cloudflare’s internal Atlassian server and access its Confluence wiki, Jira bug database, and Bitbucket source code management system. The threat actor first gained access to Cloudflare's self-hosted Atlassian server and then accessed the company's Confluence and Jira systems following a reconnaissance stage. Cloudflare says that this breach did not impact customer data or systems or the provision of services.",{"data":40601,"content":40602,"nodeType":860},{},[40603],{"data":40604,"marks":40605,"value":40607,"nodeType":864},{},[40606],{"type":899},"1Password — October 2023",{"data":40609,"content":40610,"nodeType":860},{},[40611],{"data":40612,"marks":40613,"value":40614,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1Password reported unsolicited activity in their Okta environment which was traced to a suspicious IP address. Later it was confirmed that an threat actor had accessed 1Password’s Okta environment using administrative privileges. They attempted to access the IT team member’s user dashboard, but that attempt was blocked by Okta. They also requested a report of administrative users, which was identified as suspicious and triggered an investigation. 1Password says it terminated the activity, investigated, and found no compromise of user data or other sensitive systems, either employee-facing or user-facing.",{"data":40616,"content":40617,"nodeType":860},{},[40618],{"data":40619,"marks":40620,"value":40622,"nodeType":864},{},[40621],{"type":899},"BeyondTrust - October 2023",{"data":40624,"content":40625,"nodeType":860},{},[40626],{"data":40627,"marks":40628,"value":40629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"BeyondTrust security teams detected an identity-centric attack on an in-house Okta administrator account. BeyondTrust blocked all access to the threat actor, and verified that they did not gain access to any systems. BeyondTrust has confirmed that there was no additional exposure to our internal systems or BeyondTrust’s customers.",{"data":40631,"content":40632,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":40634,"content":40635,"nodeType":1009},{},[40636],{"data":40637,"marks":40638,"value":40639,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MGM Resorts — September 2023",{"data":40641,"content":40642,"nodeType":860},{},[40643],{"data":40644,"marks":40645,"value":40646,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat group known as Scattered Spider socially engineered MGM help desk personnel to grant ‘super admin’ access to the Okta tenant, which was then used to steal data and deploy ransomware, resulting in significant business disruption. ",{"data":40648,"content":40649,"nodeType":1312},{},[40650],{"data":40651,"marks":40652,"value":40653,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did MGM get breached?",{"data":40655,"content":40656,"nodeType":941},{},[40657,40667,40677,40687,40697,40707],{"data":40658,"content":40659,"nodeType":945},{},[40660],{"data":40661,"content":40662,"nodeType":860},{},[40663],{"data":40664,"marks":40665,"value":40666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider researched MGM employees on LinkedIn to identify individuals likely to have privileged Okta access, specifically Super Administrator privileges. ",{"data":40668,"content":40669,"nodeType":945},{},[40670],{"data":40671,"content":40672,"nodeType":860},{},[40673],{"data":40674,"marks":40675,"value":40676,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider contacted the IT help desk impersonating an employee with a privileged account asking for an authentication reset (password and MFA).",{"data":40678,"content":40679,"nodeType":945},{},[40680],{"data":40681,"content":40682,"nodeType":860},{},[40683],{"data":40684,"marks":40685,"value":40686,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With privileged access, the compromised Super Administrator accounts were used to assign higher privileges to other accounts, circumventing MFA by removing enrolled authenticators and/or removing MFA from authentication policies.",{"data":40688,"content":40689,"nodeType":945},{},[40690],{"data":40691,"content":40692,"nodeType":860},{},[40693],{"data":40694,"marks":40695,"value":40696,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider registered a second, attacker-controlled IdP via Org2Org using inbound federation, granting the ability to impersonate users and access applications on their behalf. By matching the username of target accounts in the second IdP to the original, the attacker was able to SSO into target applications. ",{"data":40698,"content":40699,"nodeType":945},{},[40700],{"data":40701,"content":40702,"nodeType":860},{},[40703],{"data":40704,"marks":40705,"value":40706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Through inbound federation, Scattered Spider obtained global admin rights in Azure, effectively granting full control over connected systems and granting domain admin privileges in target environments.",{"data":40708,"content":40709,"nodeType":945},{},[40710],{"data":40711,"content":40712,"nodeType":860},{},[40713],{"data":40714,"marks":40715,"value":40716,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider deployed encryption software to around 100 ESXi servers and exfiltrated data, disrupting core business operations.",{"data":40718,"content":40719,"nodeType":1312},{},[40720],{"data":40721,"marks":40722,"value":40723,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the MGM breach?",{"data":40725,"content":40726,"nodeType":941},{},[40727,40737,40747],{"data":40728,"content":40729,"nodeType":945},{},[40730],{"data":40731,"content":40732,"nodeType":860},{},[40733],{"data":40734,"marks":40735,"value":40736,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Led to a 36-hour outage of multiple MGM IT systems and affected a number of its casinos on the Las Vegas strip, including the Bellagio, Excalibur, Luxor, Mandalay Bay and New York New York.",{"data":40738,"content":40739,"nodeType":945},{},[40740],{"data":40741,"content":40742,"nodeType":860},{},[40743],{"data":40744,"marks":40745,"value":40746,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Personal data compromise of an unspecified number of customers including various contact information, dates of births, genders, driver’s license numbers, social security numbers, and passport information. ",{"data":40748,"content":40749,"nodeType":945},{},[40750],{"data":40751,"content":40752,"nodeType":860},{},[40753],{"data":40754,"marks":40755,"value":40756,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MGM reported that the attack would cause a $100 million hit to its third-quarter results, including $10 million in one-time cyber security consulting fees. ",{"data":40758,"content":40759,"nodeType":1312},{},[40760],{"data":40761,"marks":40762,"value":40763,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the MGM breach?",{"data":40765,"content":40766,"nodeType":941},{},[40767,40777,40787],{"data":40768,"content":40769,"nodeType":945},{},[40770],{"data":40771,"content":40772,"nodeType":860},{},[40773],{"data":40774,"marks":40775,"value":40776,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The MGM breach demonstrates how financially motivated organized criminal groups are specifically targeting the identity infrastructure of an organization (e.g. the chosen IdP solution) and leveraging cloud-native functionality. ",{"data":40778,"content":40779,"nodeType":945},{},[40780],{"data":40781,"content":40782,"nodeType":860},{},[40783],{"data":40784,"marks":40785,"value":40786,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The MGM breach is notable for being a hybrid attack that ended in what has become a typical “actions on objective” for ransomware operators and their affiliates - the propagation of malware and encryption of core business servers. In this way attackers are leveraging the newer functionality that cloud services provide them to target non-cloud/on-premise resources. This potentially indicates that attackers see cloud applications and services as the path of least resistance to achieving their goals, exploiting more limited security team visibility and understanding of these services compared to more traditional (now well protected) targets. ",{"data":40788,"content":40789,"nodeType":945},{},[40790],{"data":40791,"content":40792,"nodeType":860},{},[40793],{"data":40794,"marks":40795,"value":40796,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While attackers were focused on taking control of the cloud IdP, the initial access vector was notable for being a more traditional method (vishing) to bypass the need to acquire credentials (password and MFA token). This type of technique remains consistently effective, regardless of the technology landscape and whether MFA is correctly implemented or not.    ",{"data":40798,"content":40799,"nodeType":1312},{},[40800],{"data":40801,"marks":40802,"value":39515,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40804,"content":40805,"nodeType":860},{},[40806],{"data":40807,"marks":40808,"value":39522,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40810,"content":40811,"nodeType":4845},{},[40812,40851],{"data":40813,"content":40814,"nodeType":4581},{},[40815,40824,40833,40842],{"data":40816,"content":40817,"nodeType":18051},{},[40818],{"data":40819,"content":40820,"nodeType":860},{},[40821],{"data":40822,"marks":40823,"value":39538,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40825,"content":40826,"nodeType":18051},{},[40827],{"data":40828,"content":40829,"nodeType":860},{},[40830],{"data":40831,"marks":40832,"value":40004,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40834,"content":40835,"nodeType":18051},{},[40836],{"data":40837,"content":40838,"nodeType":860},{},[40839],{"data":40840,"marks":40841,"value":39558,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40843,"content":40844,"nodeType":18051},{},[40845],{"data":40846,"content":40847,"nodeType":860},{},[40848],{"data":40849,"marks":40850,"value":39568,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40852,"content":40853,"nodeType":4581},{},[40854,40875,40896,40906],{"data":40855,"content":40856,"nodeType":4569},{},[40857],{"data":40858,"content":40859,"nodeType":860},{},[40860,40863,40872],{"data":40861,"marks":40862,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40864,"content":40866,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40865},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/inbound_federation/description.md",[40867],{"data":40868,"marks":40869,"value":40871,"nodeType":864},{},[40870],{"type":1455},"SAT1041",{"data":40873,"marks":40874,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40876,"content":40877,"nodeType":4569},{},[40878],{"data":40879,"content":40880,"nodeType":860},{},[40881,40884,40893],{"data":40882,"marks":40883,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40885,"content":40887,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40886},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/inbound-federation",[40888],{"data":40889,"marks":40890,"value":40892,"nodeType":864},{},[40891],{"type":1455},"Inbound Federation",{"data":40894,"marks":40895,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40897,"content":40898,"nodeType":4569},{},[40899],{"data":40900,"content":40901,"nodeType":860},{},[40902],{"data":40903,"marks":40904,"value":40905,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Persistence; Lateral Movement",{"data":40907,"content":40908,"nodeType":4569},{},[40909],{"data":40910,"content":40911,"nodeType":860},{},[40912],{"data":40913,"marks":40914,"value":40915,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Inbound federation allows users to login to a target identity provider by authenticating with a source identity provider",{"data":40917,"content":40918,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":40920,"content":40921,"nodeType":1009},{},[40922],{"data":40923,"marks":40924,"value":40925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Retool — August 2023",{"data":40927,"content":40928,"nodeType":860},{},[40929],{"data":40930,"marks":40931,"value":40932,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Software development company Retool disclosed that the accounts of 27 of its cloud customers were compromised following a targeted SMS-based social engineering attack, which was enabled by Google Authenticator’s default synchronization of MFA tokens with the associated Google account.  ",{"data":40934,"content":40935,"nodeType":1312},{},[40936],{"data":40937,"marks":40938,"value":40939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did Retool get breached?",{"data":40941,"content":40942,"nodeType":941},{},[40943,40953,40963,40973,40983,40993],{"data":40944,"content":40945,"nodeType":945},{},[40946],{"data":40947,"content":40948,"nodeType":860},{},[40949],{"data":40950,"marks":40951,"value":40952,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor launched a targeted SMS-based phishing campaign against Retool employees with a custom lure relating to their workplace healthcare coverage.",{"data":40954,"content":40955,"nodeType":945},{},[40956],{"data":40957,"content":40958,"nodeType":860},{},[40959],{"data":40960,"marks":40961,"value":40962,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The timing coincided with a recently announced migration of logins to Okta, and the message contained a url disguised to look like their internal identity portal.",{"data":40964,"content":40965,"nodeType":945},{},[40966],{"data":40967,"content":40968,"nodeType":860},{},[40969],{"data":40970,"marks":40971,"value":40972,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After logging into the fake portal – which included an MFA form – the threat actor called the employee impersonating an IT team member, deepfaking the IT employee’s real voice and using real information about the company to build trust.",{"data":40974,"content":40975,"nodeType":945},{},[40976],{"data":40977,"content":40978,"nodeType":860},{},[40979],{"data":40980,"marks":40981,"value":40982,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The phished employee shared an MFA OTP token which allowed the threat actor to add their own personal device to the employee’s Okta account and enabled their own Okta MFA from that point forward.",{"data":40984,"content":40985,"nodeType":945},{},[40986],{"data":40987,"content":40988,"nodeType":860},{},[40989],{"data":40990,"marks":40991,"value":40992,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Due to the Google Authenticator synchronization feature that syncs MFA codes to the cloud by default, meaning that access to a Google account immediately gave access to all MFA tokens held within that account.",{"data":40994,"content":40995,"nodeType":945},{},[40996],{"data":40997,"content":40998,"nodeType":860},{},[40999],{"data":41000,"marks":41001,"value":41002,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This enabled the threat actor to take over a number of identities associated with a range of target apps and change the credentials.",{"data":41004,"content":41005,"nodeType":1312},{},[41006],{"data":41007,"marks":41008,"value":41009,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the Retool breach?",{"data":41011,"content":41012,"nodeType":941},{},[41013,41023,41033],{"data":41014,"content":41015,"nodeType":945},{},[41016],{"data":41017,"content":41018,"nodeType":860},{},[41019],{"data":41020,"marks":41021,"value":41022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A total of 27 customers were impacted, with the threat actor specifically targeting customers in the Crypto industry.",{"data":41024,"content":41025,"nodeType":945},{},[41026],{"data":41027,"content":41028,"nodeType":860},{},[41029],{"data":41030,"marks":41031,"value":41032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After taking over the accounts, the threat actor was observed gathering information and exploring the Retool apps.",{"data":41034,"content":41035,"nodeType":945},{},[41036],{"data":41037,"content":41038,"nodeType":860},{},[41039],{"data":41040,"marks":41041,"value":41042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After learning of the attack, Retool revoked all internal authenticated sessions (Okta, GSuite, etc.) for employees, locked down access to the affected accounts, notified the affected customers, and restored their accounts to their original state.",{"data":41044,"content":41045,"nodeType":1312},{},[41046],{"data":41047,"marks":41048,"value":41049,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Retool breach?",{"data":41051,"content":41052,"nodeType":941},{},[41053,41063,41073],{"data":41054,"content":41055,"nodeType":945},{},[41056],{"data":41057,"content":41058,"nodeType":860},{},[41059],{"data":41060,"marks":41061,"value":41062,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Like the MGM breach, the Retool breach demonstrates how financially motivated organized criminal groups are specifically targeting the identity infrastructure of an organization (e.g. the chosen IdP solution) and leveraging cloud-native functionality. ",{"data":41064,"content":41065,"nodeType":945},{},[41066],{"data":41067,"content":41068,"nodeType":860},{},[41069],{"data":41070,"marks":41071,"value":41072,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A further similarity with the MGM breach, while attackers were focused on taking control of the cloud IdP, the initial access vector was notable for being a more traditional method (SMS phishing in this case) to bypass the need to acquire credentials (password and MFA token). This type of technique remains consistently effective, regardless of the technology landscape and whether MFA is correctly implemented or not.    ",{"data":41074,"content":41075,"nodeType":945},{},[41076],{"data":41077,"content":41078,"nodeType":860},{},[41079],{"data":41080,"marks":41081,"value":41082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, the attacker abused inherent weaknesses in Google Authenticator, which came under fire following the breach for its default synchronization of MFA codes to the cloud when connected to an account, in order to move laterally and compromise other target apps. ",{"data":41084,"content":41085,"nodeType":1312},{},[41086],{"data":41087,"marks":41088,"value":39515,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41090,"content":41091,"nodeType":860},{},[41092],{"data":41093,"marks":41094,"value":39522,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41096,"content":41097,"nodeType":4845},{},[41098,41137,41202],{"data":41099,"content":41100,"nodeType":4581},{},[41101,41110,41119,41128],{"data":41102,"content":41103,"nodeType":18051},{},[41104],{"data":41105,"content":41106,"nodeType":860},{},[41107],{"data":41108,"marks":41109,"value":39538,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41111,"content":41112,"nodeType":18051},{},[41113],{"data":41114,"content":41115,"nodeType":860},{},[41116],{"data":41117,"marks":41118,"value":40004,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41120,"content":41121,"nodeType":18051},{},[41122],{"data":41123,"content":41124,"nodeType":860},{},[41125],{"data":41126,"marks":41127,"value":39558,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41129,"content":41130,"nodeType":18051},{},[41131],{"data":41132,"content":41133,"nodeType":860},{},[41134],{"data":41135,"marks":41136,"value":39568,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41138,"content":41139,"nodeType":4581},{},[41140,41161,41183,41192],{"data":41141,"content":41142,"nodeType":4569},{},[41143],{"data":41144,"content":41145,"nodeType":860},{},[41146,41150,41158],{"data":41147,"marks":41148,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[41149],{"type":1455},{"data":41151,"content":41152,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32052},[41153],{"data":41154,"marks":41155,"value":41157,"nodeType":864},{},[41156],{"type":1455},"SAT1042",{"data":41159,"marks":41160,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41162,"content":41163,"nodeType":4569},{},[41164],{"data":41165,"content":41166,"nodeType":860},{},[41167,41171,41180],{"data":41168,"marks":41169,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[41170],{"type":1455},{"data":41172,"content":41174,"nodeType":883},{"uri":41173},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/aitm-phishing",[41175],{"data":41176,"marks":41177,"value":41179,"nodeType":864},{},[41178],{"type":1455},"AiTM Phishing",{"data":41181,"marks":41182,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41184,"content":41185,"nodeType":4569},{},[41186],{"data":41187,"content":41188,"nodeType":860},{},[41189],{"data":41190,"marks":41191,"value":40075,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41193,"content":41194,"nodeType":4569},{},[41195],{"data":41196,"content":41197,"nodeType":860},{},[41198],{"data":41199,"marks":41200,"value":41201,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attacker-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing uses dedicated tooling to act as a web proxy between the victim and a legitimate login portal for an application the victim has access to, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection.",{"data":41203,"content":41204,"nodeType":4581},{},[41205,41226,41249,41259],{"data":41206,"content":41207,"nodeType":4569},{},[41208],{"data":41209,"content":41210,"nodeType":860},{},[41211,41214,41223],{"data":41212,"marks":41213,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41215,"content":41217,"nodeType":883},{"uri":41216},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/device_enrollment/description.md",[41218],{"data":41219,"marks":41220,"value":41222,"nodeType":864},{},[41221],{"type":1455},"SAT1043",{"data":41224,"marks":41225,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41227,"content":41228,"nodeType":4569},{},[41229],{"data":41230,"content":41231,"nodeType":860},{},[41232,41236,41245],{"data":41233,"marks":41234,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[41235],{"type":1455},{"data":41237,"content":41239,"nodeType":883},{"uri":41238},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/device-enrollment",[41240],{"data":41241,"marks":41242,"value":41244,"nodeType":864},{},[41243],{"type":1455},"Device Enrollment",{"data":41246,"marks":41247,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[41248],{"type":1455},{"data":41250,"content":41251,"nodeType":4569},{},[41252],{"data":41253,"content":41254,"nodeType":860},{},[41255],{"data":41256,"marks":41257,"value":41258,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Initial Access; Persistence",{"data":41260,"content":41261,"nodeType":4569},{},[41262],{"data":41263,"content":41264,"nodeType":860},{},[41265],{"data":41266,"marks":41267,"value":41268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enrollment of a new MFA device in order to allow an adversary to complete MFA challenges for future authentication. ",{"data":41270,"content":41271,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":41273,"content":41274,"nodeType":1009},{},[41275],{"data":41276,"marks":41277,"value":41278,"nodeType":864},{},[],"GitHub / Heroku / Travis-CI / npm — April 2022",{"data":41280,"content":41281,"nodeType":860},{},[41282],{"data":41283,"marks":41284,"value":41285,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An unknown threat actor used stolen OAuth user tokens (issued to Heroku and Travis-CI) to download data from private repositories. The threat actor then compromised an internal Heroku customer database as well as accessed and stole data from dozens of downstream organizations using Heroku and Travis-CI-maintained OAuth apps.",{"data":41287,"content":41288,"nodeType":1312},{},[41289],{"data":41290,"marks":41291,"value":41292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did they get breached?",{"data":41294,"content":41295,"nodeType":941},{},[41296,41306,41316,41326,41336,41346,41356],{"data":41297,"content":41298,"nodeType":945},{},[41299],{"data":41300,"content":41301,"nodeType":860},{},[41302],{"data":41303,"marks":41304,"value":41305,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor obtained access to two third-party OAuth integrators, Heroku and Travis-CI, accessing databases and downloading stored customer GitHub integration OAuth tokens. These tokens had earlier been used by Travis-CI and Heroku OAuth applications to integrate with GitHub to deploy applications.",{"data":41307,"content":41308,"nodeType":945},{},[41309],{"data":41310,"content":41311,"nodeType":860},{},[41312],{"data":41313,"marks":41314,"value":41315,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Access to the environment was gained by leveraging a compromised token for a Heroku machine account, but it is not disclosed how the threat actor achieved this. ",{"data":41317,"content":41318,"nodeType":945},{},[41319],{"data":41320,"content":41321,"nodeType":860},{},[41322],{"data":41323,"marks":41324,"value":41325,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor authenticated to the GitHub API using the stolen OAuth tokens issued to Heroku and Travis CI.",{"data":41327,"content":41328,"nodeType":945},{},[41329],{"data":41330,"content":41331,"nodeType":860},{},[41332],{"data":41333,"marks":41334,"value":41335,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For users who had the affected Heroku or Travis CI OAuth apps authorized in their GitHub accounts, the threat actor listed all the user's organizations.",{"data":41337,"content":41338,"nodeType":945},{},[41339],{"data":41340,"content":41341,"nodeType":860},{},[41342],{"data":41343,"marks":41344,"value":41345,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor then selected targets based on the listed organizations.",{"data":41347,"content":41348,"nodeType":945},{},[41349],{"data":41350,"content":41351,"nodeType":860},{},[41352],{"data":41353,"marks":41354,"value":41355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor listed the private repositories for user accounts of interest and proceeded to clone private repositories of interest.",{"data":41357,"content":41358,"nodeType":945},{},[41359],{"data":41360,"content":41361,"nodeType":860},{},[41362],{"data":41363,"marks":41364,"value":41365,"nodeType":864},{},[],"GitHub identified unauthorized access to their npm production infrastructure using a compromised AWS API key, obtained by the threat actor when they downloaded a set of private npm repositories using a stolen OAuth token from one of the two affected third-party OAuth applications.",{"data":41367,"content":41368,"nodeType":1312},{},[41369],{"data":41370,"marks":41371,"value":41372,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact?",{"data":41374,"content":41375,"nodeType":941},{},[41376,41386,41396],{"data":41377,"content":41378,"nodeType":945},{},[41379],{"data":41380,"content":41381,"nodeType":860},{},[41382],{"data":41383,"marks":41384,"value":41385,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By stealing these OAuth tokens, the threat actor could access and download data from GitHub repositories belonging to those who authorized the compromised Heroku or Travis CI OAuth apps with their accounts. ",{"data":41387,"content":41388,"nodeType":945},{},[41389],{"data":41390,"content":41391,"nodeType":860},{},[41392],{"data":41393,"marks":41394,"value":41395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor was able to mine the downloaded private repositories for secrets that could be used to pivot to other infrastructure, stealing data from dozens of organizations. ",{"data":41397,"content":41398,"nodeType":945},{},[41399],{"data":41400,"content":41401,"nodeType":860},{},[41402],{"data":41403,"marks":41404,"value":41405,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In addition to user repo’s downstream, the compromised token for a Heroku machine account obtained by threat actors also allowed unauthorized access into Heroku's internal database of customer accounts, enabling the threat actor to extract the hashed and salted passwords. ",{"data":41407,"content":41408,"nodeType":1312},{},[41409],{"data":41410,"marks":41411,"value":41412,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Github breach?",{"data":41414,"content":41415,"nodeType":941},{},[41416,41426,41436],{"data":41417,"content":41418,"nodeType":945},{},[41419],{"data":41420,"content":41421,"nodeType":860},{},[41422],{"data":41423,"marks":41424,"value":41425,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similar to the Okta breach, this attack showcases the possibility of third-party supply chain attacks to target downstream organizations using cloud SaaS services. In this case, targeting OAuth integrators as opposed to IdP providers, but with a similar goal and impact of compromising the real target organizations downstream. ",{"data":41427,"content":41428,"nodeType":945},{},[41429],{"data":41430,"content":41431,"nodeType":860},{},[41432],{"data":41433,"marks":41434,"value":41435,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Applications like Github are an obvious target for attackers due to their widespread adoption. 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Most users probably only had one or two identities that you really cared about: the one they used to log into their company laptop and domain, and maybe also to log into a VPN. ",{"data":42579,"content":42580,"nodeType":860},{},[42581,42585,42592],{"data":42582,"marks":42583,"value":42584,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, there are ",{"data":42586,"content":42587,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5521},[42588],{"data":42589,"marks":42590,"value":42591,"nodeType":864},{},[],"200+ business apps in use per company, creating 1000s of sprawled identities",{"data":42593,"marks":42594,"value":42595,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across an ecosystem of business apps and services accessed over the internet.",{"data":42597,"content":42598,"nodeType":860},{},[42599],{"data":42600,"marks":42601,"value":42602,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most businesses have tried to solve this problem with single sign on (SSO). The logic being that if you can use a single set of credentials (and therefore, a single identity) to access all of your business apps, and then secure those credentials with MFA, then this problem goes away. However…",{"data":42604,"content":42605,"nodeType":1312},{},[42606],{"data":42607,"marks":42608,"value":42609,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SSO expectations versus reality",{"data":42611,"content":42612,"nodeType":860},{},[42613],{"data":42614,"marks":42615,"value":42616,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unfortunately, the reality of SSO implementation is flawed. Most apps accept multiple login methods that can be configured — and used — simultaneously (yes, most apps don’t have proper session controls).  ",{"data":42618,"content":42622,"nodeType":996},{"target":42619},{"sys":42620},{"id":42621,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3sOz3HkiyJpY9nFtGCWEOV",[],{"data":42624,"content":42625,"nodeType":860},{},[42626],{"data":42627,"marks":42628,"value":42629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is made worse by the fact that:",{"data":42631,"content":42632,"nodeType":941},{},[42633,42643,42653,42663],{"data":42634,"content":42635,"nodeType":945},{},[42636],{"data":42637,"content":42638,"nodeType":860},{},[42639],{"data":42640,"marks":42641,"value":42642,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most apps can't be locked down to restrict which login methods are accepted.",{"data":42644,"content":42645,"nodeType":945},{},[42646],{"data":42647,"content":42648,"nodeType":860},{},[42649],{"data":42650,"marks":42651,"value":42652,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Users often self-adopt apps, and default to a username and password (and typically miss out MFA). ",{"data":42654,"content":42655,"nodeType":945},{},[42656],{"data":42657,"content":42658,"nodeType":860},{},[42659],{"data":42660,"marks":42661,"value":42662,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SSO isn’t always possible if you aren’t using a supported IdP — and only one in three apps support SAML, the preferred enterprise-grade protocol.",{"data":42664,"content":42665,"nodeType":945},{},[42666],{"data":42667,"content":42668,"nodeType":860},{},[42669],{"data":42670,"marks":42671,"value":42672,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even where SSO is possible, configuring an app for SSO doesn't automatically delete any legacy local logins.",{"data":42674,"content":42675,"nodeType":860},{},[42676],{"data":42677,"marks":42678,"value":42679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Inevitably, this means that there are many situations in which users will create local accounts — typically with a username and password, and without MFA. This is how ghost logins are born.",{"data":42681,"content":42682,"nodeType":1312},{},[42683],{"data":42684,"marks":42685,"value":42686,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How are ghost logins created? ",{"data":42688,"content":42689,"nodeType":860},{},[42690],{"data":42691,"marks":42692,"value":42693,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins can be created in the following ways:",{"data":42695,"content":42696,"nodeType":941},{},[42697,42707],{"data":42698,"content":42699,"nodeType":945},{},[42700],{"data":42701,"content":42702,"nodeType":860},{},[42703],{"data":42704,"marks":42705,"value":42706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A user self-adopts an app, setting up an account with a local username and password. The app is later adopted companywide and brought under SSO. This creates an additional SSO login method, likely as the default, but the local login will continue to exist unless explicitly disabled or deleted. ",{"data":42708,"content":42709,"nodeType":945},{},[42710],{"data":42711,"content":42712,"nodeType":860},{},[42713],{"data":42714,"marks":42715,"value":42716,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Secondary/backup login methods can often be added later in the app settings after logging in. This includes things like setting up a secondary email to send a login link to, or setting up API access to remove the need to authenticate altogether. ",{"data":42718,"content":42719,"nodeType":860},{},[42720],{"data":42721,"marks":42722,"value":42723,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, ghost logins are very easily introduced through the normal course of app adoption and use by employees. ",{"data":42725,"content":42726,"nodeType":1312},{},[42727],{"data":42728,"marks":42729,"value":42730,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why do ghost logins pose a risk? ",{"data":42732,"content":42733,"nodeType":860},{},[42734],{"data":42735,"marks":42736,"value":42737,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins pose a risk for a number of reasons, as they: ",{"data":42739,"content":42740,"nodeType":941},{},[42741,42756,42771],{"data":42742,"content":42743,"nodeType":945},{},[42744],{"data":42745,"content":42746,"nodeType":860},{},[42747,42752],{"data":42748,"marks":42749,"value":42751,"nodeType":864},{},[42750],{"type":899},"Typically have less secure configurations ",{"data":42753,"marks":42754,"value":42755,"nodeType":864},{},[],"than your preferred login method – and may be missing key controls like MFA.  ",{"data":42757,"content":42758,"nodeType":945},{},[42759],{"data":42760,"content":42761,"nodeType":860},{},[42762,42767],{"data":42763,"marks":42764,"value":42766,"nodeType":864},{},[42765],{"type":899},"Are effectively shadow logins",{"data":42768,"marks":42769,"value":42770,"nodeType":864},{},[]," – IT/security don’t know about them, and if using an IdP as your primary identity security interface, they won’t necessarily be visible without taking a deeper look at individual apps. ",{"data":42772,"content":42773,"nodeType":945},{},[42774],{"data":42775,"content":42776,"nodeType":860},{},[42777,42782],{"data":42778,"marks":42779,"value":42781,"nodeType":864},{},[42780],{"type":899},"Can be used simultaneously with SSO",{"data":42783,"marks":42784,"value":42785,"nodeType":864},{},[]," – so you can have an unrestricted number of concurrent sessions with SSO and non SSO logins active at the same time, without the user being kicked out of the previous session.",{"data":42787,"content":42788,"nodeType":860},{},[42789],{"data":42790,"marks":42791,"value":42792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins provide opportunities for attackers to bypass security controls for initial access and persistence in an application (which we’ll come onto in more detail later). They also provide an opportunity for malicious insiders, e.g. a disgruntled employee, to access systems even after SSO access is revoked. If the security team relies on IdP logs to audit app logins, these accounts can go undetected.",{"data":42794,"content":42795,"nodeType":860},{},[42796],{"data":42797,"marks":42798,"value":42799,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be able to identify them, you’d need to log into the app admin dashboard. But depending on how the app was adopted, you (as a security admin) may not even be an app-level admin — it’s not unusual for individual teams to administer their own apps. And even if you do have access, it’s not always easy (or possible) to gather this level of information about user account configuration. ",{"data":42801,"content":42802,"nodeType":860},{},[42803],{"data":42804,"marks":42805,"value":42806,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s very easy to see how these vulnerable login methods can be overlooked by security teams – let’s look at how they can be identified and exploited by attackers. ",{"data":42808,"content":42809,"nodeType":1009},{},[42810],{"data":42811,"marks":42812,"value":42813,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How can ghost logins be exploited by attackers?",{"data":42815,"content":42816,"nodeType":860},{},[42817,42822],{"data":42818,"marks":42819,"value":42821,"nodeType":864},{},[42820],{"type":899},"Let’s take an example scenario:",{"data":42823,"marks":42824,"value":42825,"nodeType":864},{},[]," You’re using an IdP solution like Okta or Microsoft/Entra with SAML SSO as the default login method for your core business apps. Via your IdP you require MFA when authenticating to your IdP apps page, and also potentially when signing into an individual connected app. ",{"data":42827,"content":42828,"nodeType":860},{},[42829],{"data":42830,"marks":42831,"value":42832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, you only recently introduced your IdP solution, and your users previously accessed this app with a local username and password. Although you asked your users to configure MFA in the app itself, not all of them did. And when you deployed your IdP solution, you didn’t manually unset all the local password-based logins for the apps you connected to it. ",{"data":42834,"content":42835,"nodeType":860},{},[42836],{"data":42837,"marks":42838,"value":42840,"nodeType":864},{},[42839],{"type":899},"Unknown to you, there are now hundreds of local accounts for core business apps which lack MFA. ",{"data":42842,"content":42843,"nodeType":860},{},[42844],{"data":42845,"marks":42846,"value":42847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are two main scenarios in which ghost logins can be utilized by an attacker:",{"data":42849,"content":42850,"nodeType":941},{},[42851,42866],{"data":42852,"content":42853,"nodeType":945},{},[42854],{"data":42855,"content":42856,"nodeType":860},{},[42857,42862],{"data":42858,"marks":42859,"value":42861,"nodeType":864},{},[42860],{"type":899},"To bypass robustly configured login methods",{"data":42863,"marks":42864,"value":42865,"nodeType":864},{},[]," such as SSO to compromise an app identity during the initial access phase of an attack. ",{"data":42867,"content":42868,"nodeType":945},{},[42869],{"data":42870,"content":42871,"nodeType":860},{},[42872,42877],{"data":42873,"marks":42874,"value":42876,"nodeType":864},{},[42875],{"type":899},"To create additional login methods for an already compromised account to ensure persistent access",{"data":42878,"marks":42879,"value":42880,"nodeType":864},{},[]," – even if the original compromised login method is revoked or disabled. This could be either the result of compromising an identity belonging to a specific app, or having previously compromised an IdP account (e.g. Okta).",{"data":42882,"content":42883,"nodeType":860},{},[42884],{"data":42885,"marks":42886,"value":42887,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let's look at these use cases in more detail. ",{"data":42889,"content":42890,"nodeType":1312},{},[42891],{"data":42892,"marks":42893,"value":42894,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins for initial access",{"data":42896,"content":42897,"nodeType":860},{},[42898],{"data":42899,"marks":42900,"value":42901,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Arguably the most dangerous use case for ghost logins is to conduct credential attacks against accounts using a username and password. Logins with a weak or guessable password, or a reused password that has appeared in a public data breach dump, are primed for account takeover. ",{"data":42903,"content":42904,"nodeType":860},{},[42905],{"data":42906,"marks":42907,"value":42908,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The cyber crime ecosystem is leaning toward the theft, sale, and use of stolen credentials (not just emails and passwords, but session tokens too). ",{"data":42910,"content":42911,"nodeType":941},{},[42912,42932,42952],{"data":42913,"content":42914,"nodeType":945},{},[42915],{"data":42916,"content":42917,"nodeType":860},{},[42918,42922,42929],{"data":42919,"marks":42920,"value":42921,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are 600 million identity attacks per day, with 99% involving passwords (",{"data":42923,"content":42924,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25486},[42925],{"data":42926,"marks":42927,"value":25492,"nodeType":864},{},[42928],{"type":1455},{"data":42930,"marks":42931,"value":20593,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42933,"content":42934,"nodeType":945},{},[42935],{"data":42936,"content":42937,"nodeType":860},{},[42938,42942,42949],{"data":42939,"marks":42940,"value":42941,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Over 1000 credentials are posted online per day, per marketplace with an average sale price of $10, and 65% posted less than one day after being collected (",{"data":42943,"content":42944,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4408},[42945],{"data":42946,"marks":42947,"value":23859,"nodeType":864},{},[42948],{"type":1455},{"data":42950,"marks":42951,"value":20593,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42953,"content":42954,"nodeType":945},{},[42955],{"data":42956,"content":42957,"nodeType":860},{},[42958,42962,42971],{"data":42959,"marks":42960,"value":42961,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One million new stealer logs are distributed every month, with an estimated 3-5% containing credentials and session cookies to corporate IT environments (",{"data":42963,"content":42965,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42964},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/single-sign-on-and-the-cybercrime-ecosystem/",[42966],{"data":42967,"marks":42968,"value":42970,"nodeType":864},{},[42969],{"type":1455},"Flare",{"data":42972,"marks":42973,"value":20593,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42975,"content":42976,"nodeType":860},{},[42977],{"data":42978,"marks":42979,"value":42981,"nodeType":864},{},[42980],{"type":899},"So, it’s easier than ever for attackers to gather breached credentials and weaponize them at scale. ",{"data":42983,"content":42984,"nodeType":860},{},[42985],{"data":42986,"marks":42987,"value":42988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Realistically, any username and password combination for addresses belonging to a specific organization/domain can be attempted on any app. Breached credential data will often provide a strong indicator of other apps also in use for that organization. And for apps with a custom tenant URL (that cannot be easily guessed) data dumps often helpfully include the URLs for those login pages, too.  ",{"data":42990,"content":42991,"nodeType":860},{},[42992],{"data":42993,"marks":42994,"value":42995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The risk posed by the massive amounts of leaked credentials available is heightened because: ",{"data":42997,"content":42998,"nodeType":941},{},[42999,43020],{"data":43000,"content":43001,"nodeType":945},{},[43002],{"data":43003,"content":43004,"nodeType":860},{},[43005,43009,43016],{"data":43006,"marks":43007,"value":43008,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many employees reuse passwords, with ",{"data":43010,"content":43011,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5521},[43012],{"data":43013,"marks":43014,"value":43015,"nodeType":864},{},[],"~9% of all accounts using a breached, weak, or reused password",{"data":43017,"marks":43018,"value":43019,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This isn’t just for low-risk apps either, and includes the reuse of highly sensitive IdP creds. ",{"data":43021,"content":43022,"nodeType":945},{},[43023],{"data":43024,"content":43025,"nodeType":860},{},[43026],{"data":43027,"marks":43028,"value":43029,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations don’t typically rotate or enforce changes to SaaS app passwords in the same way they might for company account/device login connected to Active Directory.  ",{"data":43031,"content":43032,"nodeType":860},{},[43033],{"data":43034,"marks":43035,"value":43036,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins aren’t limited to just username and password either. For example, a breached social account such as Facebook or Google can result in a broader compromise if those accounts have been connected to any corporate apps.   ",{"data":43038,"content":43039,"nodeType":860},{},[43040],{"data":43041,"marks":43042,"value":43044,"nodeType":864},{},[43043],{"type":899},"So, exploiting ghost logins can be a highly effective method for attackers to gain initial access to a user account from which to launch further attacks.  ",{"data":43046,"content":43047,"nodeType":1312},{},[43048],{"data":43049,"marks":43050,"value":43051,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins for persistence and defense evasion",{"data":43053,"content":43054,"nodeType":860},{},[43055],{"data":43056,"marks":43057,"value":43058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, we’ll take a look at how attackers can leverage ghost logins as part of the later stages of an attack, having already established an initial foothold via account compromise. ",{"data":43060,"content":43061,"nodeType":860},{},[43062,43066],{"data":43063,"marks":43064,"value":43065,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If an organization has a reasonable level of security monitoring in-place (depending on log availability from the particular app vendor), or a victim receives a notification about an unusual login (e.g. from a new device or unusual IP) then access to an account can be short-lived. ",{"data":43067,"marks":43068,"value":43070,"nodeType":864},{},[43069],{"type":899},"However, ghost logins can provide attackers with the tools to maintain persistent access to a compromised account, even if the initial compromised login method is disabled or revoked. ",{"data":43072,"content":43073,"nodeType":860},{},[43074,43078,43083],{"data":43075,"marks":43076,"value":43077,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, if a social login is used to access an account, an adversary may be able to configure a separate username/password login, or even (though much less commonly) connect a second social account that the adversary controls. This allows the adversary to maintain persistent access to the user account ",{"data":43079,"marks":43080,"value":43082,"nodeType":864},{},[43081],{"type":899},"even in the event of password changes or MFA changes",{"data":43084,"marks":43085,"value":43086,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The attack will go unnoticed if the victim organization relies on SSO logs for auditing access to SaaS applications because the attack bypasses SSO, as the login remains local to the SaaS app or, in the case of an OIDC SSO login, the adversary’s own social account.",{"data":43088,"content":43089,"nodeType":860},{},[43090,43094,43101,43105,43113],{"data":43091,"marks":43092,"value":43093,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another quirk is that it’s common for ordinary users to become app-level admins when an app is self-adopted by an individual or team. If an attacker is able to gain control of such an account, it can then be used to target other users without needing to deliver phishing links by hijacking SAML-based authentication. In this scenario, users attempting to sign in using SAML SSO are directed it to an attacker-controlled tenant in a watering hole attack (also known as ",{"data":43095,"content":43096,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32945},[43097],{"data":43098,"marks":43099,"value":32951,"nodeType":864},{},[43100],{"type":1455},{"data":43102,"marks":43103,"value":43104,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which you can ",{"data":43106,"content":43107,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5876},[43108],{"data":43109,"marks":43110,"value":43112,"nodeType":864},{},[43111],{"type":1455},"read more about in another blog post",{"data":43114,"marks":43115,"value":29420,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43117,"content":43118,"nodeType":860},{},[43119,43123,43131],{"data":43120,"marks":43121,"value":43122,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you're curious as to how an attacker might be able to compromise an IdP account such as Okta, ",{"data":43124,"content":43125,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24563},[43126],{"data":43127,"marks":43128,"value":43130,"nodeType":864},{},[43129],{"type":1455},"you should check out our blog post on AitM and BitM phishing techniques",{"data":43132,"marks":43133,"value":26603,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43135,"content":43136,"nodeType":1009},{},[43137],{"data":43138,"marks":43139,"value":43140,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Case study: Snowflake",{"data":43142,"content":43143,"nodeType":860},{},[43144,43147,43154],{"data":43145,"marks":43146,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43148,"content":43149,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27890},[43150],{"data":43151,"marks":43152,"value":43153,"nodeType":864},{},[],"recent attacks on 165 Snowflake customers",{"data":43155,"marks":43156,"value":43157,"nodeType":864},{},[],", resulting in hundreds of millions of breached customer records, were the product of a credential stuffing campaign using stolen credentials from infostealer infections dating back to 2020. ",{"data":43159,"content":43160,"nodeType":860},{},[43161],{"data":43162,"marks":43163,"value":43164,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The industry response to Snowflake was typical: check whether Snowflake has been set up for SSO, and if so, job done — we’re protected by MFA.",{"data":43166,"content":43167,"nodeType":860},{},[43168],{"data":43169,"marks":43170,"value":43171,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reality was that MFA was not — and could not — be centrally enforced for username and password accounts. Even if MFA was applied at the IdP level for SSO logins, it was not enforced for local username and password logins. It needed to be opted-into by the user. ",{"data":43173,"content":43174,"nodeType":860},{},[43175,43179,43186],{"data":43176,"marks":43177,"value":43178,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This meant the most logical thing to do was to disable local accounts. But because Snowflake is essentially a cloud-hosted SQL database, there was no easy-to-use GUI to access local account config data. Once you’d managed to get an admin account with the right permissions, you needed to run various commands to find and unset the accounts. ",{"data":43180,"content":43181,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32284},[43182],{"data":43183,"marks":43184,"value":43185,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But if you didn’t have the exact type of admin account, misleading results would be returned — and even after you had fixed the vulnerability it took hours to update the database. ",{"data":43187,"marks":43188,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43190,"content":43191,"nodeType":860},{},[43192],{"data":43193,"marks":43194,"value":43195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This meant that organizations were exposed to these attacks for a prolonged period, and were left uncertain as to whether they had addressed the vulnerabilities or not. ",{"data":43197,"content":43198,"nodeType":1009},{},[43199],{"data":43200,"marks":43201,"value":43202,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Push to find and fix ghost logins across your app inventory",{"data":43204,"content":43205,"nodeType":860},{},[43206],{"data":43207,"marks":43208,"value":43209,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finding and fixing ghost logins is a challenge for most organizations. Since you can’t rely on the view provided by your IdP, you need to:",{"data":43211,"content":43212,"nodeType":941},{},[43213,43223,43233],{"data":43214,"content":43215,"nodeType":945},{},[43216],{"data":43217,"content":43218,"nodeType":860},{},[43219],{"data":43220,"marks":43221,"value":43222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Discover the apps in use across your organization",{"data":43224,"content":43225,"nodeType":945},{},[43226],{"data":43227,"content":43228,"nodeType":860},{},[43229],{"data":43230,"marks":43231,"value":43232,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get admin rights, audit each app, and unset any local credentials (enforcing MFA at the app-level too if you can, for good measure)",{"data":43234,"content":43235,"nodeType":945},{},[43236],{"data":43237,"content":43238,"nodeType":860},{},[43239],{"data":43240,"marks":43241,"value":43242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Configure the app to prevent local accounts being created (again, if possible)",{"data":43244,"content":43245,"nodeType":860},{},[43246],{"data":43247,"marks":43248,"value":43249,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not only is this a sisyphean task with continually moving goalposts, but depending on which apps you use, and how they’ve been designed, it may not be possible to remediate every instance of ghost logins. For that reason, it’s important to also invest in your identity threat detection and response capabilities — for when, not if, an account takeover attempt occurs. ",{"data":43251,"content":43252,"nodeType":860},{},[43253,43257,43266],{"data":43254,"marks":43255,"value":43256,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push helps organizations to defend against ghost logins and other identity threats with a defense-in-depth approach: Using a browser-based agent to generate visibility of all logins (not just via IdP logs) while also detecting, intercepting, and shutting down account takeover attempts via phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking. ",{"data":43258,"content":43260,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43259},"https://pushsecurity.com/",[43261],{"data":43262,"marks":43263,"value":43265,"nodeType":864},{},[43264],{"type":1455},"Learn more here.",{"data":43267,"marks":43268,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43270,"content":43271,"nodeType":860},{},[43272,43276,43283],{"data":43273,"marks":43274,"value":43275,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And if you'd like to learn more about ghost logins and other identity attack techniques, ",{"data":43277,"content":43278,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21260},[43279],{"data":43280,"marks":43281,"value":43282,"nodeType":864},{},[],"check out the SaaS attack matrix on GitHub",{"data":43284,"marks":43285,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43287,"content":43291,"nodeType":996},{"target":43288},{"sys":43289},{"id":43290,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1VMpMgZvx9hgps2OoxCTmF",[],{"data":43293,"content":43294,"nodeType":860},{},[43295],{"data":43296,"marks":43297,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins: When forgotten identities come back to haunt you","How ghost logins can be used by cyber attackers for account takeover and persistence.","2024-07-10T00:00:00.000Z","ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you",{"items":43303},[43304,43306],{"sys":43305,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":43307,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":43309},[43310],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":43311},{"url":2740},"5-reasons-why-push-security-shouldnt-exist","blog/5-reasons-why-push-security-shouldnt-exist",{"json":43315},{"data":43316,"content":43317,"nodeType":856},{},[43318,43325],{"data":43319,"content":43320,"nodeType":860},{},[43321],{"data":43322,"marks":43323,"value":43324,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If current security controls worked perfectly, Push wouldn't need to exist – unfortunately, they don't, so here we are!",{"data":43326,"content":43327,"nodeType":860},{},[43328],{"data":43329,"marks":43330,"value":43331,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we break down common misconceptions about identity controls like MFA, SSO, passkeys, and password managers, exploring some of the gaps they leave and how to fill them to achieve defense in depth.","Breaking down common misconceptions about identity threats and controls like MFA, SSO, passkeys, password managers, and more.",{"id":43334,"publishedAt":43335},"1fp5aOCIcGHDbdQ0amCYOf","2026-08-12T11:55:11.772Z",{"items":43337},[43338,43340],{"sys":43339,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":43341,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"items":43343},[43344,43346,43348,43350,43352,43354,43356,43358,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374,43376,43378,43380,43382,43384,43386],{"sys":43345,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":43347,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":43349,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":43351,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":43353,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":43355,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":43357,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":43359,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":43361,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":43363,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":43365,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":43367,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":43369,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":43371,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":43373,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":43375,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":43377,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":43379,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45},{"id":374},{"sys":43381,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},{"sys":43383,"name":306,"slug":307,"tier":45},{"id":303},{"sys":43385,"name":598,"slug":599,"tier":45},{"id":595},{"sys":43387,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},"7ekz7o6jH_LJs1GGrGDh2SvoDhuQmK1UIytQMiVACOw",{"id":43390,"title":43391,"authorsCollection":43392,"content":43397,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":43806,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":43808,"metaTitle":43809,"ogImage":59,"postType":43810,"publishedDate":43811,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":43812,"slug":45554,"stem":45555,"subtitle":59,"summary":45556,"synopsis":45567,"sys":45568,"tagsCollection":45571,"topicsCollection":45577,"__hash__":45603},"blog/blog/investigating-and-responding-to-a-third-party-data-breach-using-push.json","Investigating and responding to a third-party data breach using Push",{"items":43393},[43394],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":43395,"profilePicture":43396},[4950],{"url":4881},{"json":43398,"links":43777},{"data":43399,"content":43400,"nodeType":856},{},[43401,43408,43415,43421,43428,43435,43442,43449,43456,43463,43526,43532,43539,43546,43562,43569,43576,43583,43590,43597,43604,43614,43621,43627,43634,43641,43648,43655,43662,43668,43675,43695,43702,43709,43716,43759],{"data":43402,"content":43403,"nodeType":860},{},[43404],{"data":43405,"marks":43406,"value":43407,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the media reports that a popular third-party service provider has suffered a breach and stolen credentials are being sold online, it’s inevitable for your security team to get asked, “Are we affected by this?”",{"data":43409,"content":43410,"nodeType":860},{},[43411],{"data":43412,"marks":43413,"value":43414,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push helps its customers to answer this question in seconds and with absolute certainty. Here’s how.",{"data":43416,"content":43420,"nodeType":996},{"target":43417},{"sys":43418},{"id":43419,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"56lMG3VskDDU1dUHzgQxFK",[],{"data":43422,"content":43423,"nodeType":1009},{},[43424],{"data":43425,"marks":43426,"value":43427,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 1: Are we using the breached service?",{"data":43429,"content":43430,"nodeType":860},{},[43431],{"data":43432,"marks":43433,"value":43434,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If this service is IT-managed in your organization, then you can probably answer this relatively quickly – at least for the tenant that is IT-managed. If it’s not, then you're going to need to check. ",{"data":43436,"content":43437,"nodeType":860},{},[43438],{"data":43439,"marks":43440,"value":43441,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s because end-users increasingly create SaaS accounts and tenants themselves without going through IT. When a third-party data breach hits the headlines, security teams are often surprised to find out that they have people in their organizations using that service.",{"data":43443,"content":43444,"nodeType":860},{},[43445],{"data":43446,"marks":43447,"value":43448,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses a browser agent to track every login to every application made by your employees. It offers ground truth for answering questions like: Are we using the service? Who in the business is using it, and how are they accessing it?",{"data":43450,"content":43451,"nodeType":860},{},[43452],{"data":43453,"marks":43454,"value":43455,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push can also highlight issues like missing MFA and if an employee is re-using the same password across multiple services — vital information if user credentials for the breached service have been leaked.",{"data":43457,"content":43458,"nodeType":860},{},[43459],{"data":43460,"marks":43461,"value":43462,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are other data sources that can be used, but they all have their drawbacks:    ",{"data":43464,"content":43465,"nodeType":941},{},[43466,43481,43496,43511],{"data":43467,"content":43468,"nodeType":945},{},[43469],{"data":43470,"content":43471,"nodeType":860},{},[43472,43477],{"data":43473,"marks":43474,"value":43476,"nodeType":864},{},[43475],{"type":899},"Network or SWG",{"data":43478,"marks":43479,"value":43480,"nodeType":864},{},[]," can show you whose endpoints accessed an app website, but not if they've ever logged into the app.",{"data":43482,"content":43483,"nodeType":945},{},[43484],{"data":43485,"content":43486,"nodeType":860},{},[43487,43492],{"data":43488,"marks":43489,"value":43491,"nodeType":864},{},[43490],{"type":899},"IdP",{"data":43493,"marks":43494,"value":43495,"nodeType":864},{},[]," can show you that you're using an app if it’s accessed using SSO, but if that’s the case then you already know about it. It won’t show you non-SSO apps, tenants, or accounts that are more likely to be compromised using stolen credentials.",{"data":43497,"content":43498,"nodeType":945},{},[43499],{"data":43500,"content":43501,"nodeType":860},{},[43502,43507],{"data":43503,"marks":43504,"value":43506,"nodeType":864},{},[43505],{"type":899},"Email",{"data":43508,"marks":43509,"value":43510,"nodeType":864},{},[]," can be used to quickly tell you if employees have received email from an app – indicating an account might exist – but won’t tell you if they signed up using personal email, when they last logged in or if they are using the same password for everything.",{"data":43512,"content":43513,"nodeType":945},{},[43514],{"data":43515,"content":43516,"nodeType":860},{},[43517,43522],{"data":43518,"marks":43519,"value":43521,"nodeType":864},{},[43520],{"type":899},"Finance / contract records",{"data":43523,"marks":43524,"value":43525,"nodeType":864},{},[]," take time to search through and will only cover the services you pay for (many SaaS products offer a free tier). Obviously these records won’t tell you anything about vulnerable accounts.  \n",{"data":43527,"content":43531,"nodeType":996},{"target":43528},{"sys":43529},{"id":43530,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3pLEarsM0oltdxGlkHATbB",[],{"data":43533,"content":43534,"nodeType":1009},{},[43535],{"data":43536,"marks":43537,"value":43538,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 2: Are any of our accounts currently vulnerable to account takeover through stolen creds?",{"data":43540,"content":43541,"nodeType":860},{},[43542],{"data":43543,"marks":43544,"value":43545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If credentials are being sold on the dark web for a service your employees use, then you need to quickly determine whether any workforce accounts can be accessed using just the stolen credentials. In other words, are any of these accounts using a leaked password and/or missing MFA?",{"data":43547,"content":43548,"nodeType":860},{},[43549,43553,43558],{"data":43550,"marks":43551,"value":43552,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At this point, you might reach for your IdP and make sure that MFA is enforced for all logins to the affected app. But that’s only going to cover apps and tenants already using SSO. To make things more complicated, most apps still allow username and password logins in addition to SSO logins. You need to see accounts with SSO logins ",{"data":43554,"marks":43555,"value":43557,"nodeType":864},{},[43556],{"type":2246},"and",{"data":43559,"marks":43560,"value":43561,"nodeType":864},{},[]," local logins. ",{"data":43563,"content":43564,"nodeType":860},{},[43565],{"data":43566,"marks":43567,"value":43568,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The data that Push collects in the browser provides rich web app context. That means Push shows you how your employees are authenticating on every app, whether it’s password, OIDC, or SAML. ",{"data":43570,"content":43571,"nodeType":860},{},[43572],{"data":43573,"marks":43574,"value":43575,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When you search for a breached third-party service in Push, you’ll see which employees are using usernames and passwords but missing MFA on their accounts. You can then prioritize these accounts for password resets and enabling MFA to stop any stolen credentials from being used to access those accounts. ",{"data":43577,"content":43578,"nodeType":860},{},[43579],{"data":43580,"marks":43581,"value":43582,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As well as highlighting accounts missing MFA, Push fingerprints every password using a shortened salted hash and checks in the browser whether it has been leaked and/or is easily guessable. Armed with this information, you can quickly get these vulnerabilities fixed to reduce the likelihood of an account takeover.",{"data":43584,"content":43585,"nodeType":1009},{},[43586],{"data":43587,"marks":43588,"value":43589,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 3: Are the stolen credentials being used anywhere else? ",{"data":43591,"content":43592,"nodeType":860},{},[43593],{"data":43594,"marks":43595,"value":43596,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The next consideration is whether the stolen credentials can be used by an attacker in a credential-stuffing attack to compromise accounts on other applications. ",{"data":43598,"content":43599,"nodeType":860},{},[43600],{"data":43601,"marks":43602,"value":43603,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is an important, and often overlooked, ring of the third-party data breach blast radius. ",{"data":43605,"content":43606,"nodeType":1116},{},[43607],{"data":43608,"content":43609,"nodeType":860},{},[43610],{"data":43611,"marks":43612,"value":43613,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here at Push, we see that on average 1 in 3 users in every business reuse passwords across multiple accounts.",{"data":43615,"content":43616,"nodeType":860},{},[43617],{"data":43618,"marks":43619,"value":43620,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The password checks performed by Push also identify password reuse between applications. So if there’s a chance that a password has been stolen as part of the third-party data breach, you can make sure it’s changed across all applications. ",{"data":43622,"content":43626,"nodeType":996},{"target":43623},{"sys":43624},{"id":43625,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"X9axqTO6dWEe1Jy49hAyG",[],{"data":43628,"content":43629,"nodeType":1009},{},[43630],{"data":43631,"marks":43632,"value":43633,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Take action before breaches hit the headlines",{"data":43635,"content":43636,"nodeType":860},{},[43637],{"data":43638,"marks":43639,"value":43640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The workflow described above takes seconds to perform in Push. It enables you to quickly investigate a third-party data breach to determine if you could have been impacted, and if so, to take targeted action to mitigate the risks. ",{"data":43642,"content":43643,"nodeType":860},{},[43644],{"data":43645,"marks":43646,"value":43647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, no one enjoys scrambling to respond to these kinds of incidents. If you use Push, you can actually get out ahead of these issues so you’re not stuck having to react.",{"data":43649,"content":43650,"nodeType":860},{},[43651],{"data":43652,"marks":43653,"value":43654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push integrates stolen account threat intelligence and alerts you when employees are currently using the same password that’s being sold on the dark web. This allows you to take action at the earliest possible opportunity and harden vulnerable accounts before any data breach is reported in the media. ",{"data":43656,"content":43657,"nodeType":860},{},[43658],{"data":43659,"marks":43660,"value":43661,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What this means for you is that next time you’re asked, “Does this affect us?” you can say you dealt with any issues way before it landed in the headlines. ",{"data":43663,"content":43667,"nodeType":996},{"target":43664},{"sys":43665},{"id":43666,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2vFMyWtMlxzTqqtvCPmlGW",[],{"data":43669,"content":43670,"nodeType":1312},{},[43671],{"data":43672,"marks":43673,"value":43674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do we need to log in to another security tool to do this?",{"data":43676,"content":43677,"nodeType":860},{},[43678,43682,43691],{"data":43679,"marks":43680,"value":43681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"No. Using the ",{"data":43683,"content":43685,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43684},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/getting-started/#api-and-webhooks",[43686],{"data":43687,"marks":43688,"value":43690,"nodeType":864},{},[43689],{"type":1455},"Push API",{"data":43692,"marks":43693,"value":43694,"nodeType":864},{},[],", you can quickly gather relevant data to support the response to a third-party data breach in your SIEM or XDR solution.",{"data":43696,"content":43697,"nodeType":1312},{},[43698],{"data":43699,"marks":43700,"value":43701,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why not eliminate the risk of password-based attacks altogether? ",{"data":43703,"content":43704,"nodeType":860},{},[43705],{"data":43706,"marks":43707,"value":43708,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push gives you the ability to react quickly and decisively to a third-party data breach. But it also enables you to take proactive steps to eliminate the risk of password-based attacks altogether so stolen credentials from third-party data breaches no longer pose a threat to your business. ",{"data":43710,"content":43711,"nodeType":860},{},[43712],{"data":43713,"marks":43714,"value":43715,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does this by:",{"data":43717,"content":43718,"nodeType":941},{},[43719,43729,43739,43749],{"data":43720,"content":43721,"nodeType":945},{},[43722],{"data":43723,"content":43724,"nodeType":860},{},[43725],{"data":43726,"marks":43727,"value":43728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stopping your employees from creating accounts with leaked, weak and reused passwords.",{"data":43730,"content":43731,"nodeType":945},{},[43732],{"data":43733,"content":43734,"nodeType":860},{},[43735],{"data":43736,"marks":43737,"value":43738,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Pinning passwords to individual apps. ",{"data":43740,"content":43741,"nodeType":945},{},[43742],{"data":43743,"content":43744,"nodeType":860},{},[43745],{"data":43746,"marks":43747,"value":43748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Helping you to get all apps and accounts behind SSO.",{"data":43750,"content":43751,"nodeType":945},{},[43752],{"data":43753,"content":43754,"nodeType":860},{},[43755],{"data":43756,"marks":43757,"value":43758,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking phishing attacks against your employees so their credentials aren’t stolen.",{"data":43760,"content":43761,"nodeType":860},{},[43762,43766,43773],{"data":43763,"marks":43764,"value":43765,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to find out more about how Push can help you mitigate the risks of employee credentials being stolen in the third-party data breach, then ",{"data":43767,"content":43768,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},[43769],{"data":43770,"marks":43771,"value":29210,"nodeType":864},{},[43772],{"type":1455},{"data":43774,"marks":43775,"value":43776,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and we’ll be happy to show you. ",{"entries":43778},{"hyperlink":43779,"inline":43780,"block":43781},[],[],[43782,43790,43796,43801],{"sys":43783,"__typename":43784,"title":43785,"youTubeUrl":43786,"imagePlaceholder":43787},{"id":43419},"ExternalVideo","Third-party breach investigation","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGXGCjV7wNs",{"url":43788,"width":43789,"height":35729},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/23n4KrkUFTZlGQC6gFrlUe/65538da8c4296cd4ec56c270248df93b/image__18_.jpg",1797,{"sys":43791,"__typename":1724,"title":43792,"caption":43793,"layoutMode":59,"file":43794},{"id":43530},"App search bar","Identifying users of the breached service, their last login dates, and authentication methods.",{"url":43795,"width":43789,"height":35729},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5IhiiD9yOzU2jITWNrkrLo/dd5ea175613a2ed5d30f5a243fa2ec28/image__17_.png",{"sys":43797,"__typename":1724,"title":43798,"caption":43799,"layoutMode":59,"file":43800},{"id":43625},"Identifying vulnerable identities","Find other accounts using the same password that are potentially vulnerable to credential stuffing. 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attacks have always been a go-to technique for both red teamers and real-world threat actors alike. Whether focused on harvesting creds or running malicious payloads, phishing has continued to be adapted to circumvent defenses and has remained highly effective due to this.",{"data":44192,"content":44193,"nodeType":860},{},[44194],{"data":44195,"marks":44196,"value":44197,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As MFA has become more common, classic password harvesting focused phishing attacks have become less effective. Typically, for a full account compromise, an MFA push notification or a one-time passcode (OTP) needs to be entered at the time of login. This means harvesting passwords and using them later is no longer effective alone, because an MFA factor is still required each time a valid login is performed.",{"data":44199,"content":44200,"nodeType":860},{},[44201],{"data":44202,"marks":44203,"value":44204,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing is a newer variant of phishing that allows attackers to circumvent MFA protection. In this article, we’re going to look at what AitM phishing is, how it works, and what you can do about it.",{"data":44206,"content":44207,"nodeType":1009},{},[44208],{"data":44209,"marks":44210,"value":44211,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What is AitM phishing?",{"data":44213,"content":44214,"nodeType":860},{},[44215],{"data":44216,"marks":44217,"value":44218,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing is a technique that uses dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection. ",{"data":44220,"content":44221,"nodeType":860},{},[44222],{"data":44223,"marks":44224,"value":44225,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While any login portal can be a target, attackers typically look for SSO login portals such as Microsoft Entra, Okta, or Google Workspace. This allows the target to log in successfully with a legitimate service they use and even continue to interact with it, while providing additional access to connected SSO apps if the attack is successful. ",{"data":44227,"content":44228,"nodeType":860},{},[44229],{"data":44230,"marks":44231,"value":44232,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. For example, if accessing their webmail, the user will see all their real emails; if accessing their cloud file store then all their real files will be present, etc. This gives the method an increased sense of authenticity and makes the compromise less obvious to the user. However, because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions and also take control of the authenticated session to gain control of the user account. ",{"data":44234,"content":44235,"nodeType":860},{},[44236],{"data":44237,"marks":44238,"value":44239,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While this access is technically temporary, since the attacker is unable to re-authenticate in future without additional MFA prompts, in practice authenticated sessions can often last as long as 30 days or more if kept active. Additionally, there are a wide range of persistence techniques that allow an attacker to maintain some level of access to the user account and/or targeted application indefinitely. ",{"data":44241,"content":44242,"nodeType":860},{},[44243],{"data":44244,"marks":44245,"value":44246,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ll revisit this point later, but for now let’s consider the two main techniques that are used to implement AitM phishing: Reverse web proxies and Browser-in-the-Middle techniques.",{"data":44248,"content":44252,"nodeType":996},{"target":44249},{"sys":44250},{"id":44251,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6WEolDcviadCgAW4dCgTPW",[],{"data":44254,"content":44255,"nodeType":1312},{},[44256],{"data":44257,"marks":44258,"value":44259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reverse web proxy techniques",{"data":44261,"content":44262,"nodeType":860},{},[44263],{"data":44264,"marks":44265,"value":44266,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One common AitM phishing approach is to use tooling that acts as a reverse web proxy. For example, let’s say a victim is tricked into visiting a malicious domain. Under the hood, HTTP requests are passed between the victim’s browser and the real site via the malicious site. When the malicious site receives an HTTP request, it forwards this request on to the legitimate site it is impersonating, receives the response, and then forwards that on to the victim. ",{"data":44268,"content":44269,"nodeType":860},{},[44270],{"data":44271,"marks":44272,"value":44273,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice, there are many technical challenges, such as rewriting all links and references to the impersonated site to ensure everything continues to be sent to the attacker. However, at a high level, it really is just acting as a reverse web proxy.",{"data":44275,"content":44276,"nodeType":860},{},[44277,44281,44288,44291,44298,44302,44309,44313,44320],{"data":44278,"marks":44279,"value":44280,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is arguably the most scalable and reliable approach from an attacker’s point of view. Open-source tools that demonstrate this method include ",{"data":44282,"content":44283,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31183},[44284],{"data":44285,"marks":44286,"value":31188,"nodeType":864},{},[44287],{"type":1455},{"data":44289,"marks":44290,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44292,"content":44293,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31194},[44294],{"data":44295,"marks":44296,"value":31199,"nodeType":864},{},[44297],{"type":1455},{"data":44299,"marks":44300,"value":44301,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the ever popular ",{"data":44303,"content":44304,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31205},[44305],{"data":44306,"marks":44307,"value":31210,"nodeType":864},{},[44308],{"type":1455},{"data":44310,"marks":44311,"value":44312,"nodeType":864},{},[],". In the criminal world, there are also similar private toolsets available that have been used in many breaches in the past. A good example of this would be ",{"data":44314,"content":44315,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31216},[44316],{"data":44317,"marks":44318,"value":31221,"nodeType":864},{},[44319],{"type":1455},{"data":44321,"marks":44322,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44324,"content":44325,"nodeType":860},{},[44326],{"data":44327,"marks":44328,"value":44329,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One downside to this approach is that there are controls that can be put in place to block it. For example, application developers can hide obfuscated JavaScript code that will fail if the correct value is not produced, checking that the origin matches the expected (legitimate) domains or contains encrypted tokens including this material sent as part of the login process. ",{"data":44331,"content":44332,"nodeType":860},{},[44333],{"data":44334,"marks":44335,"value":44336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While your average small website is not going to be implementing such checks, major identity providers have a strong vested interest in evolving their defenses to block these techniques. At this point, it’s a cat-and-mouse game. ",{"data":44338,"content":44339,"nodeType":860},{},[44340,44344,44353],{"data":44341,"marks":44342,"value":44343,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to know more about this space, then definitely check out ",{"data":44345,"content":44347,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44346},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-Fh4sIdY8c",[44348],{"data":44349,"marks":44350,"value":44352,"nodeType":864},{},[44351],{"type":1455},"Kuba Gretzky’s talk on this at x33fcon",{"data":44354,"marks":44355,"value":26603,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44357,"content":44358,"nodeType":1312},{},[44359],{"data":44360,"marks":44361,"value":44362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) techniques ",{"data":44364,"content":44365,"nodeType":860},{},[44366],{"data":44367,"marks":44368,"value":44369,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another common approach is known as Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM). Rather than act as a reverse web proxy, this technique tricks a target into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser remotely using desktop screen sharing and control approaches, much like VNC and RDP. This enables the attacker to harvest not just the username and password, but all other associated secrets and tokens that go along with the login. ",{"data":44371,"content":44372,"nodeType":860},{},[44373],{"data":44374,"marks":44375,"value":44376,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, the victim isn’t interacting with a fake website clone or proxy. They are literally remotely controlling the attacker’s browser to log in to the legitimate application without realizing. This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to login to Okta for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards. Thanks very much!",{"data":44378,"content":44379,"nodeType":860},{},[44380,44384,44392,44396,44405],{"data":44381,"marks":44382,"value":44383,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Practically speaking, the most common approach for implementing this technique is using the open-source project noVNC, which is a JavaScript-based VNC client that allows VNC to be used in the browser. Probably the most well-known example of an offensive tool implementing this is ",{"data":44385,"content":44386,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27028},[44387],{"data":44388,"marks":44389,"value":44391,"nodeType":864},{},[44390],{"type":1455},"EvilnoVNC",{"data":44393,"marks":44394,"value":44395,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which spins up Docker instances of VNC and proxies access to them, while also logging keystrokes and cookies to facilitate account compromise. Tools like ",{"data":44397,"content":44399,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44398},"https://posts.specterops.io/phishing-with-dynamite-7d33d8fac038",[44400],{"data":44401,"marks":44402,"value":44404,"nodeType":864},{},[44403],{"type":1455},"Cuddlephish",{"data":44406,"marks":44407,"value":44408,"nodeType":864},{},[]," offer similar functionality using WebRTC. ",{"data":44410,"content":44411,"nodeType":860},{},[44412,44416,44421],{"data":44413,"marks":44414,"value":44415,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The advantage of this approach is that ",{"data":44417,"marks":44418,"value":44420,"nodeType":864},{},[44419],{"type":899},"it is incredibly difficult for the target websites to do anything to stop it",{"data":44422,"marks":44423,"value":44424,"nodeType":864},{},[],". From their perspective, all they see is a legitimate browser accessing their website and logging in. None of the JavaScript tricks for checking the origin will work. They aren’t in a position to be able to see that the browser is secretly being controlled remotely by the victim user without their knowledge. ",{"data":44426,"content":44427,"nodeType":860},{},[44428],{"data":44429,"marks":44430,"value":44431,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the downside, while noVNC can be extremely convincing, the illusion can sometimes be broken due to it not behaving exactly like a real website would due it being a graphical rendering. For example, something as simple as resizing the browser window can introduce render resolution issues. It’s also more difficult to scale for attacking large numbers of users than a reverse proxy technique.",{"data":44433,"content":44434,"nodeType":860},{},[44435],{"data":44436,"marks":44437,"value":44438,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Footnote: BitM is not to be confused with Browser-in-the-Browser (BitB), which is more of a malicious pop-up (think when a login button spawns a new browser window). ",{"data":44440,"content":44441,"nodeType":1009},{},[44442],{"data":44443,"marks":44444,"value":44445,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Beyond initial access",{"data":44447,"content":44448,"nodeType":860},{},[44449],{"data":44450,"marks":44451,"value":44452,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So maybe you’re thinking now “OK, sounds kinda bad, but I’m not that worried. Maybe some user accounts get compromised by this method despite all my MFA protections, but at least the attacker only has temporary access, right?” ",{"data":44454,"content":44455,"nodeType":860},{},[44456],{"data":44457,"marks":44458,"value":44459,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In theory, access is temporary as sessions time out. And if spotted, the security team can respond by killing the authenticated sessions and forcing password changes for the compromised users. Then the attacker is back to square one, right? Their session is lost, they still don’t have MFA, and even the password they keylogged has now been changed.",{"data":44461,"content":44462,"nodeType":860},{},[44463],{"data":44464,"marks":44465,"value":44466,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice, it’s not this simple. We mentioned earlier how SSO portals are often the most common targets for these attacks. For most modern organizations, this means their core identity provider, which just so happens to be the gateway to accessing many other web applications, whether internal applications or a multitude of SaaS applications. ",{"data":44468,"content":44469,"nodeType":860},{},[44470,44474,44483],{"data":44471,"marks":44472,"value":44473,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s consider the example of an organization using Okta where their Okta login portal has been used as the target for AitM phishing. A smart attacker is going to immediately leverage this access to establish authenticated sessions on every single application that Okta provides the user access to. They are also going to ",{"data":44475,"content":44477,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44476},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/okta-swa/",[44478],{"data":44479,"marks":44480,"value":44482,"nodeType":864},{},[44481],{"type":1455},"abuse Okta SWA",{"data":44484,"marks":44485,"value":44486,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to steal valid credentials for whichever applications support this method. And if that’s not enough, there are a variety of simple methods to achieve persistence on most downstream SaaS applications and sometimes even identity providers themselves.",{"data":44488,"content":44489,"nodeType":860},{},[44490,44494,44501],{"data":44491,"marks":44492,"value":44493,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the full details of these persistence attacks are outside the scope of this article, more details on some key attacks can be found in a resource we created called the ",{"data":44495,"content":44496,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20791},[44497],{"data":44498,"marks":44499,"value":21103,"nodeType":864},{},[44500],{"type":1455},{"data":44502,"marks":44503,"value":44504,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Some of the most common techniques that apply here are: ",{"data":44506,"content":44507,"nodeType":941},{},[44508,44528,44549,44569,44589],{"data":44509,"content":44510,"nodeType":945},{},[44511],{"data":44512,"content":44513,"nodeType":860},{},[44514,44517,44525],{"data":44515,"marks":44516,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44518,"content":44519,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32316},[44520],{"data":44521,"marks":44522,"value":44524,"nodeType":864},{},[44523],{"type":1455},"SAT1004 - API keys",{"data":44526,"marks":44527,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44529,"content":44530,"nodeType":945},{},[44531],{"data":44532,"content":44533,"nodeType":860},{},[44534,44537,44546],{"data":44535,"marks":44536,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44538,"content":44540,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44539},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_sharing/description.md",[44541],{"data":44542,"marks":44543,"value":44545,"nodeType":864},{},[44544],{"type":1455},"SAT1022 - Link sharing",{"data":44547,"marks":44548,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44550,"content":44551,"nodeType":945},{},[44552],{"data":44553,"content":44554,"nodeType":860},{},[44555,44558,44566],{"data":44556,"marks":44557,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44559,"content":44560,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20583},[44561],{"data":44562,"marks":44563,"value":44565,"nodeType":864},{},[44564],{"type":1455},"SAT1017 - Ghost logins",{"data":44567,"marks":44568,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44570,"content":44571,"nodeType":945},{},[44572],{"data":44573,"content":44574,"nodeType":860},{},[44575,44578,44586],{"data":44576,"marks":44577,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44579,"content":44580,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32701},[44581],{"data":44582,"marks":44583,"value":44585,"nodeType":864},{},[44584],{"type":1455},"SAT1027 - OAuth tokens",{"data":44587,"marks":44588,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44590,"content":44591,"nodeType":945},{},[44592],{"data":44593,"content":44594,"nodeType":860},{},[44595,44598,44606],{"data":44596,"marks":44597,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44599,"content":44600,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32167},[44601],{"data":44602,"marks":44603,"value":44605,"nodeType":864},{},[44604],{"type":1455},"SAT1033 - Shadow workflows",{"data":44607,"marks":44608,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44610,"content":44611,"nodeType":860},{},[44612],{"data":44613,"marks":44614,"value":44615,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Suddenly, containing the breach just got a LOT more complicated.",{"data":44617,"content":44618,"nodeType":860},{},[44619,44623,44630],{"data":44620,"marks":44621,"value":44622,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not just application-level lateral movement and persistence to worry about, though. It’s possible the attacker can start moving laterally across other user accounts. If they have selected their targets well, they might even find they have admin access to some downstream SaaS application that has been configured for SAML logins using Okta. For example, maybe they compromise a finance employee who has admin access to their business expenses SaaS application. Then the attacker might be able to use a new technique like ",{"data":44624,"content":44625,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32945},[44626],{"data":44627,"marks":44628,"value":32951,"nodeType":864},{},[44629],{"type":1455},{"data":44631,"marks":44632,"value":44633,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to start attacking other users in a watering hole attack to achieve lateral movement.",{"data":44635,"content":44636,"nodeType":1009},{},[44637],{"data":44638,"marks":44639,"value":44640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Video demo – chaining it all together",{"data":44642,"content":44643,"nodeType":860},{},[44644],{"data":44645,"marks":44646,"value":44647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OK, so we’ve just jumped from an account compromise for initial access using an AitM phishing attack to bringing up a huge number of other connected techniques. Let’s look at a quick video demonstration of an AitM phishing attack chained together with post-exploitation steps for persistence and lateral movement so we can see how it all fits together.",{"data":44649,"content":44650,"nodeType":860},{},[44651],{"data":44652,"marks":44653,"value":44654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, we’ll use EvilnoVNC targeting Okta as the core example for the AitM phishing attack:",{"data":44656,"content":44660,"nodeType":996},{"target":44657},{"sys":44658},{"id":44659,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"QGTEWzmOL1vrgjXPuV4Gg",[],{"data":44662,"content":44663,"nodeType":860},{},[44664],{"data":44665,"marks":44666,"value":44667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We can see here that AitM phishing attacks are not only highly effective even in the presence of MFA, but that post-exploitation steps have become so numerous that effective response and containment for even a low-privileged user account are now a significant challenge.",{"data":44669,"content":44670,"nodeType":1009},{},[44671],{"data":44672,"marks":44673,"value":44674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Post-exploitation automation is coming",{"data":44676,"content":44677,"nodeType":860},{},[44678],{"data":44679,"marks":44680,"value":44681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There is a saying that attacks only become more effective over time. In the past, toolsets like Metasploit and Cobalt Strike became increasingly focused on post-exploitation and automation to enable much more sophisticated compromises.",{"data":44683,"content":44684,"nodeType":860},{},[44685,44689,44701,44705,44710],{"data":44686,"marks":44687,"value":44688,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As AitM becomes increasingly popular (for example, researchers at Lab539 have reported ",{"data":44690,"content":44691,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28487},[44692,44697],{"data":44693,"marks":44694,"value":44696,"nodeType":864},{},[44695],{"type":1455},"a significant ramp up in attacker infrastructure linked to AitM campaigns",{"data":44698,"marks":44699,"value":44700,"nodeType":864},{},[],")",{"data":44702,"marks":44703,"value":44704,"nodeType":864},{},[]," it’s only a matter of time now before we see AitM phishing frameworks moving in the same direction and performing many of the lateral movement and persistence steps we saw above – automatically on every successful account compromise. The threat will increase ",{"data":44706,"marks":44707,"value":44709,"nodeType":864},{},[44708],{"type":899},"significantly",{"data":44711,"marks":44712,"value":44713,"nodeType":864},{},[]," when this becomes the case.",{"data":44715,"content":44716,"nodeType":1009},{},[44717],{"data":44718,"marks":44719,"value":44720,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Impact summary",{"data":44722,"content":44723,"nodeType":860},{},[44724],{"data":44725,"marks":44726,"value":44727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve covered a lot of ground here, so let’s take a step back and consider the key points of impact:",{"data":44729,"content":44730,"nodeType":941},{},[44731,44741,44751],{"data":44732,"content":44733,"nodeType":945},{},[44734],{"data":44735,"content":44736,"nodeType":860},{},[44737],{"data":44738,"marks":44739,"value":44740,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing techniques are highly effective and increasingly common, and can bypass most common forms of MFA.",{"data":44742,"content":44743,"nodeType":945},{},[44744],{"data":44745,"content":44746,"nodeType":860},{},[44747],{"data":44748,"marks":44749,"value":44750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These techniques are being used by real threat actors and red teamers alike, with both criminal and open-source tools available for performing these attacks.",{"data":44752,"content":44753,"nodeType":945},{},[44754],{"data":44755,"content":44756,"nodeType":860},{},[44757],{"data":44758,"marks":44759,"value":44760,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are many options for lateral movement and persistence after an account compromise, so simple containment actions like password resets for SSO credentials are not nearly enough to contain a knowledgeable attacker.",{"data":44762,"content":44763,"nodeType":1009},{},[44764],{"data":44765,"marks":44766,"value":44767,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What can blue teams do about it?",{"data":44769,"content":44770,"nodeType":860},{},[44771],{"data":44772,"marks":44773,"value":44774,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s important that organizations develop their capability to detect and respond to AitM attacks. Possible approaches include:",{"data":44776,"content":44777,"nodeType":941},{},[44778,44793,44828,44856],{"data":44779,"content":44780,"nodeType":945},{},[44781],{"data":44782,"content":44783,"nodeType":860},{},[44784,44789],{"data":44785,"marks":44786,"value":44788,"nodeType":864},{},[44787],{"type":899},"Move to FIDO MFA where possible",{"data":44790,"marks":44791,"value":44792,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (though, if no more susceptible backup methods are enabled, this does introduce operational challenges if passkeys are lost).",{"data":44794,"content":44795,"nodeType":945},{},[44796],{"data":44797,"content":44798,"nodeType":860},{},[44799,44804,44807,44812,44816,44825],{"data":44800,"marks":44801,"value":44803,"nodeType":864},{},[44802],{"type":899},"Detect and block known-bad malicious",{"data":44805,"marks":44806,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44808,"marks":44809,"value":44811,"nodeType":864},{},[44810],{"type":899},"sites",{"data":44813,"marks":44814,"value":44815,"nodeType":864},{},[]," used in phishing campaigns. There are many threat intelligence feeds that can be ingested to achieve this. Usually, a domain has to be used in a malicious campaign before it can be catalogued – meaning there's typically a window of opportunity before the infrastructure is burned. That said, security researchers at Lab539 (yes, another shout out) have developed a way of identifying sites running AitM tooling – even before they are used for the first time. ",{"data":44817,"content":44819,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44818},"https://www.lab539.com/aitm",[44820],{"data":44821,"marks":44822,"value":44824,"nodeType":864},{},[44823],{"type":1455},"You can sign up to get access to their feed here.",{"data":44826,"marks":44827,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44829,"content":44830,"nodeType":945},{},[44831],{"data":44832,"content":44833,"nodeType":860},{},[44834,44839,44843,44852],{"data":44835,"marks":44836,"value":44838,"nodeType":864},{},[44837],{"type":899},"Introduce controls to detect phishing toolkits and cloned websites",{"data":44840,"marks":44841,"value":44842,"nodeType":864},{},[],". You can never rely on blocking malicious sites via TI feeds alone, so additional layers of defence are required. Push customers benefit from detection of AitM toolkits like Evilginx and EvilNoVNC in the browser (more to come on this soon!), while Thinkst Canary has developed ",{"data":44844,"content":44846,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44845},"https://blog.thinkst.com/2024/01/defending-against-the-attack-of-the-cloned-websites.html",[44847],{"data":44848,"marks":44849,"value":44851,"nodeType":864},{},[44850],{"type":1455},"methods of detecting whenever your website or login portal is cloned",{"data":44853,"marks":44854,"value":44855,"nodeType":864},{},[]," – very cool.  ",{"data":44857,"content":44858,"nodeType":945},{},[44859],{"data":44860,"content":44861,"nodeType":860},{},[44862,44867],{"data":44863,"marks":44864,"value":44866,"nodeType":864},{},[44865],{"type":899},"Update IR playbooks to to deal with SSO account compromise,",{"data":44868,"marks":44869,"value":44870,"nodeType":864},{},[]," factoring in lateral movement and persistence across cloud apps. This really necessitates that you understand what business apps your organization is using, how they are accessed (e.g. SSO or username and password) and what functionality exists that could be abused by an attacker. ",{"data":44872,"content":44873,"nodeType":860},{},[44874,44878,44885],{"data":44875,"marks":44876,"value":44877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to know more about how Push detects and blocks phishing tools in the browser, you can ",{"data":44879,"content":44880,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25545},[44881],{"data":44882,"marks":44883,"value":44884,"nodeType":864},{},[],"check out our article here",{"data":44886,"marks":44887,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44889,"content":44890,"nodeType":1009},{},[44891],{"data":44892,"marks":44893,"value":24988,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44895,"content":44896,"nodeType":860},{},[44897],{"data":44898,"marks":44899,"value":44900,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve seen in this article how there are multiple ways to perform AitM phishing attacks and how they can be extremely effective at targeting users even when their accounts are protected by MFA.  ",{"data":44902,"content":44903,"nodeType":860},{},[44904],{"data":44905,"marks":44906,"value":44907,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Very few organizations are universally using phishing-resistant MFA, such as FIDO-based methods, and even those that do often have fallback options to handle situations where they cannot be used and/or tokens malfunction or are lost. Therefore, the vast majority of organizations are at risk of AitM phishing attacks.",{"data":44909,"content":44910,"nodeType":860},{},[44911],{"data":44912,"marks":44913,"value":44914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To make things worse, there are lateral movement and persistence techniques that can be exploited to greatly extend the depth of compromise even for a single low-privilege user account. This makes response and containment a significant challenge.",{"data":44916,"content":44917,"nodeType":860},{},[44918,44922,44929,44932,44940,44944,44952,44956,44965],{"data":44919,"marks":44920,"value":44921,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing attacks are clearly evolving. Phishing attacks are no longer limited to email-based delivery mechanisms or being hosted on custom domains. There are many options now for delivering phishing attacks using ",{"data":44923,"content":44924,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38401},[44925],{"data":44926,"marks":44927,"value":38407,"nodeType":864},{},[44928],{"type":1455},{"data":44930,"marks":44931,"value":28717,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44933,"content":44934,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38413},[44935],{"data":44936,"marks":44937,"value":44939,"nodeType":864},{},[44938],{"type":1455},"Microsoft Teams",{"data":44941,"marks":44942,"value":44943,"nodeType":864},{},[],", using ",{"data":44945,"content":44946,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5876},[44947],{"data":44948,"marks":44949,"value":44951,"nodeType":864},{},[44950],{"type":1455},"SAMLjacking attacks",{"data":44953,"marks":44954,"value":44955,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to host the initial landing page on legitimate SaaS web domains or even using ",{"data":44957,"content":44959,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44958},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/oktajacking/",[44960],{"data":44961,"marks":44962,"value":44964,"nodeType":864},{},[44963],{"type":1455},"Okta to keylog credentials",{"data":44966,"marks":44967,"value":44968,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on behalf of the attacker. ",{"data":44970,"content":44971,"nodeType":860},{},[44972],{"data":44973,"marks":44974,"value":44975,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Increasingly, we should expect to see AitM toolkits being used as a standard part of phishing campaigns, and featured in Initial Access Broker tooling – AitM will effectively supersede legacy phishing methods in line with MFA adoption. Rather, it already is. ",{"data":44977,"content":44978,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":44980,"content":44981,"nodeType":860},{},[44982],{"data":44983,"marks":44984,"value":44985,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you're interested in seeing some more AitM tools in action, you can watch our recent webinar on-demand via the link below. ",{"data":44987,"content":44990,"nodeType":996},{"target":44988},{"sys":44989},{"id":44251,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":44992,"content":44993,"nodeType":860},{},[44994],{"data":44995,"marks":44996,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are using Adversary in the Middle (AitM) phishing toolkits to bypass MFA. We look at what AitM is, how it works, and what you can do about it.","2024-05-23T00:00:00.000Z","phishing-2-0-how-phishing-toolkits-are-evolving-with-aitm",{"items":45001},[45002,45004],{"sys":45003,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":45005,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":45007},[45008],{"fullName":20440,"firstName":20441,"jobTitle":20442,"profilePicture":45009},{"url":20444},{"__typename":2059,"sys":45011,"content":45012,"title":45540,"synopsis":45541,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":45542,"slug":45543,"tagsCollection":45544,"authorsCollection":45550},{"id":37098},{"json":45013},{"data":45014,"content":45015,"nodeType":856},{},[45016,45022,45028,45035,45042,45057,45090,45097,45105,45110,45125,45133,45139,45146,45153,45160,45167,45175,45182,45197,45213,45219,45226,45244,45263,45270,45293,45300,45323,45339,45346,45365,45372,45445,45452,45468,45475,45482,45489,45496,45512,45518,45524],{"data":45017,"content":45018,"nodeType":860},{},[45019],{"data":45020,"marks":45021,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45023,"content":45027,"nodeType":996},{"target":45024},{"sys":45025},{"id":45026,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5cseu1Cre2FrSQrIhSFxQw",[],{"data":45029,"content":45030,"nodeType":860},{},[45031],{"data":45032,"marks":45033,"value":45034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reliably detecting phishing sites is like trying to hit a moving target, as malicious websites and domains emerge, get taken down, and re-emerge continuously across the sprawl of the web.",{"data":45036,"content":45037,"nodeType":860},{},[45038],{"data":45039,"marks":45040,"value":45041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Existing phishing prevention solutions have tried to solve the problem by protecting the inbox, a common (but not the only) attack vector, or by chasing lists of known-bad domains.",{"data":45043,"content":45044,"nodeType":860},{},[45045,45049,45054],{"data":45046,"marks":45047,"value":45048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But these approaches have ",{"data":45050,"marks":45051,"value":45053,"nodeType":864},{},[45052],{"type":899},"two major shortcomings",{"data":45055,"marks":45056,"value":24794,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45058,"content":45059,"nodeType":941},{},[45060,45075],{"data":45061,"content":45062,"nodeType":945},{},[45063],{"data":45064,"content":45065,"nodeType":860},{},[45066,45071],{"data":45067,"marks":45068,"value":45070,"nodeType":864},{},[45069],{"type":899},"Lack of coverage:",{"data":45072,"marks":45073,"value":45074,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Email-based phishing prevention tools can catch general spray-and-pray email phishing campaigns, but it only takes a small amount of tailoring to fly under their radar. The use of LLM tools to tailor phishing emails for their intended victims already makes this possible at scale. Email-based tools also fail to cover phishing attacks beyond the inbox, such as Slack and Teams phishing.",{"data":45076,"content":45077,"nodeType":945},{},[45078],{"data":45079,"content":45080,"nodeType":860},{},[45081,45086],{"data":45082,"marks":45083,"value":45085,"nodeType":864},{},[45084],{"type":899},"Expired intel:",{"data":45087,"marks":45088,"value":45089,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Tools that rely on known-bad domains always have an incomplete picture because a domain must be reported as malicious in order to get added to a blocklist. Meanwhile, attackers can spin up new sites or host phishing pages on existing sites by exploiting vulnerabilities in them, bypassing rules around preventing visits to newly registered domains. ",{"data":45091,"content":45092,"nodeType":860},{},[45093],{"data":45094,"marks":45095,"value":45096,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Push’s unique vantage point in the browser, we set out to attack this problem from a new angle. ",{"data":45098,"content":45099,"nodeType":860},{},[45100],{"data":45101,"marks":45102,"value":45104,"nodeType":864},{},[45103],{"type":899},"Instead of trying to detect phishing websites and domains that constantly change, we can now detect (and block!) phishing attempts based on directly observing user behavior in the browser.",{"data":45106,"content":45109,"nodeType":996},{"target":45107},{"sys":45108},{"id":43666,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":45111,"content":45112,"nodeType":860},{},[45113,45117,45121],{"data":45114,"marks":45115,"value":45116,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our latest feature, ",{"data":45118,"marks":45119,"value":25357,"nodeType":864},{},[45120],{"type":899},{"data":45122,"marks":45123,"value":45124,"nodeType":864},{},[],", detects and blocks when a user enters their identity provider password on a webpage that does not belong to the IdP (e.g Okta, Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, etc.).",{"data":45126,"content":45127,"nodeType":860},{},[45128],{"data":45129,"marks":45130,"value":45132,"nodeType":864},{},[45131],{"type":899},"This means that even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site, Push still detects it and blocks it.",{"data":45134,"content":45138,"nodeType":996},{"target":45135},{"sys":45136},{"id":45137,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4eCSQGec7mozFLDucNMO7m",[],{"data":45140,"content":45141,"nodeType":1312},{},[45142],{"data":45143,"marks":45144,"value":45145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How does it work?",{"data":45147,"content":45148,"nodeType":860},{},[45149],{"data":45150,"marks":45151,"value":45152,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of detecting a phishing page based on a known-bad signature, the Push browser agent dynamically inspects user behavior and the attributes of the page itself.",{"data":45154,"content":45155,"nodeType":860},{},[45156],{"data":45157,"marks":45158,"value":45159,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser agent works by observing all logins and generating a salted partial hash of the user’s password, known as a fingerprint. This fingerprint is then stored locally to allow Push to perform comparisons. ",{"data":45161,"content":45162,"nodeType":860},{},[45163],{"data":45164,"marks":45165,"value":45166,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To detect potential phishing attacks, the browser agent compares the observed password fingerprint to known fingerprints for identity provider passwords that already exist in local storage. ",{"data":45168,"content":45169,"nodeType":860},{},[45170],{"data":45171,"marks":45172,"value":45174,"nodeType":864},{},[45173],{"type":899},"If an employee enters a known IdP password on a webpage that Push doesn’t recognize, Push blocks it. ",{"data":45176,"content":45177,"nodeType":860},{},[45178],{"data":45179,"marks":45180,"value":45181,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once you’ve discovered a malicious site, use Push’s companion feature, URL blocking, to add the domain to a blocklist and prevent your other end-users from visiting the site. ",{"data":45183,"content":45184,"nodeType":860},{},[45185,45188,45194],{"data":45186,"marks":45187,"value":31079,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45189,"content":45190,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28590},[45191],{"data":45192,"marks":45193,"value":31086,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45195,"marks":45196,"value":31090,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45198,"content":45199,"nodeType":860},{},[45200,45204,45209],{"data":45201,"marks":45202,"value":45203,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push administrators can configure SSO password protection in Monitor, Warn, or Block modes to first observe how often employees are re-using IdP credentials on other sites, eliminating any false positives by adding them to an ignore list, and then turning on Warn or Block to ",{"data":45205,"marks":45206,"value":45208,"nodeType":864},{},[45207],{"type":899},"show a custom message",{"data":45210,"marks":45211,"value":45212,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that either provides a speedbump for users (“Are you sure this isn’t a phishing site?”) or prevents them from logging in altogether.",{"data":45214,"content":45218,"nodeType":996},{"target":45215},{"sys":45216},{"id":45217,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"74l82HIeaumFX4u9AMjj79",[],{"data":45220,"content":45221,"nodeType":860},{},[45222],{"data":45223,"marks":45224,"value":45225,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Supported identity providers include Okta, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, JumpCloud, Duo and Ping Identity. ",{"data":45227,"content":45228,"nodeType":860},{},[45229,45233,45240],{"data":45230,"marks":45231,"value":45232,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also ",{"data":45234,"content":45235,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28601},[45236],{"data":45237,"marks":45238,"value":45239,"nodeType":864},{},[],"get alerted",{"data":45241,"marks":45242,"value":45243,"nodeType":864},{},[]," via webhook when Push detects a suspected phishing event.",{"data":45245,"content":45246,"nodeType":860},{},[45247,45251,45260],{"data":45248,"marks":45249,"value":45250,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about how it works and the end-user experience in our ",{"data":45252,"content":45255,"nodeType":15592},{"target":45253},{"sys":45254},{"id":28825,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[45256],{"data":45257,"marks":45258,"value":45259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"help article",{"data":45261,"marks":45262,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45264,"content":45265,"nodeType":1312},{},[45266],{"data":45267,"marks":45268,"value":45269,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But what about … ",{"data":45271,"content":45272,"nodeType":860},{},[45273,45277,45281,45284,45289],{"data":45274,"marks":45275,"value":45276,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yes, we believe ",{"data":45278,"marks":45279,"value":457,"nodeType":864},{},[45280],{"type":899},{"data":45282,"marks":45283,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45285,"marks":45286,"value":45288,"nodeType":864},{},[45287],{"type":899},"conditional access policies",{"data":45290,"marks":45291,"value":45292,"nodeType":864},{},[]," are important parts of a defense-in-depth strategy against phishing — in addition to protecting IdP credentials directly in the browser.",{"data":45294,"content":45295,"nodeType":860},{},[45296],{"data":45297,"marks":45298,"value":45299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s why MFA and conditional access policies aren’t enough:",{"data":45301,"content":45302,"nodeType":941},{},[45303,45313],{"data":45304,"content":45305,"nodeType":945},{},[45306],{"data":45307,"content":45308,"nodeType":860},{},[45309],{"data":45310,"marks":45311,"value":45312,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA is not infallible and not all MFA methods are created equal. Methods such as SMS, TOTP, or even push notifications are phishable. Even if your employees are also using more phishing-resistant forms of MFA, such as WebAuthn, it’s common for accounts to use multiple MFA methods and an attacker need only target the weakest one. An attacker in possession of an SSO password also has leverage to socially engineer an authentication reset, including an MFA reset.",{"data":45314,"content":45315,"nodeType":945},{},[45316],{"data":45317,"content":45318,"nodeType":860},{},[45319],{"data":45320,"marks":45321,"value":45322,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worryingly common for us to deploy Push and find that a customer’s conditional access policies aren’t implemented as they are designed to be. The most common reason is that admins have to create so many exceptions to allow for real-world situations that policies become complex and full of gaps.",{"data":45324,"content":45325,"nodeType":860},{},[45326,45330,45335],{"data":45327,"marks":45328,"value":45329,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And of course, protecting ",{"data":45331,"marks":45332,"value":45334,"nodeType":864},{},[45333],{"type":2246},"all",{"data":45336,"marks":45337,"value":45338,"nodeType":864},{},[]," your organization’s passwords is important. In fact, we’re currently developing this feature further so it will do just that! We focus here on IdP passwords because they’re a higher-value target for attackers — and the frequent target of recent real-world attacks.",{"data":45340,"content":45341,"nodeType":1312},{},[45342],{"data":45343,"marks":45344,"value":45345,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why IdP accounts?",{"data":45347,"content":45348,"nodeType":860},{},[45349,45353,45361],{"data":45350,"marks":45351,"value":45352,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IdP accounts have been targeted in several high-profile recent attacks, like those carried out by Scattered Spider against MGM resorts and in the Retool breach. You can read more about them in our ",{"data":45354,"content":45357,"nodeType":15592},{"target":45355},{"sys":45356},{"id":36989,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[45358],{"data":45359,"marks":45360,"value":30816,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45362,"marks":45363,"value":45364,"nodeType":864},{},[]," blog article.",{"data":45366,"content":45367,"nodeType":860},{},[45368],{"data":45369,"marks":45370,"value":45371,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the cloud-first world, a compromised IdP account is like a compromised user workstation. It gives an attacker a solid initial foothold from which they can operate:",{"data":45373,"content":45374,"nodeType":941},{},[45375,45397],{"data":45376,"content":45377,"nodeType":945},{},[45378],{"data":45379,"content":45380,"nodeType":860},{},[45381,45385,45394],{"data":45382,"marks":45383,"value":45384,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They instantly get access to all the apps the compromised user was accessing with SSO. It’s easy to move laterally to sensitive apps or to apps where the user has admin privileges. This obviously enables an attacker to directly exfiltrate data from these apps or to use them maliciously, as in the ",{"data":45386,"content":45389,"nodeType":15592},{"target":45387},{"sys":45388},{"id":36989,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[45390],{"data":45391,"marks":45392,"value":45393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant and SEC Twitter/X breaches",{"data":45395,"marks":45396,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45398,"content":45399,"nodeType":945},{},[45400],{"data":45401,"content":45402,"nodeType":860},{},[45403,45407,45416,45420,45429,45432,45441],{"data":45404,"marks":45405,"value":45406,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Assuming an attacker hasn’t initially gotten access to a privileged IdP account, they can escalate their privileges by performing ",{"data":45408,"content":45412,"nodeType":15592},{"target":45409},{"sys":45410},{"id":45411,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3F96pyn4qqkbVctSOH69vm",[45413],{"data":45414,"marks":45415,"value":32951,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45417,"marks":45418,"value":45419,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on any low-risk app where the user is an admin or by using apps like ",{"data":45421,"content":45425,"nodeType":15592},{"target":45422},{"sys":45423},{"id":45424,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2rjLrCo6KWwLicfpV2qTOZ",[45426],{"data":45427,"marks":45428,"value":38407,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45430,"marks":45431,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45433,"content":45437,"nodeType":15592},{"target":45434},{"sys":45435},{"id":45436,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2cv7Yq1DQpm1Mho7fKDs44",[45438],{"data":45439,"marks":45440,"value":38419,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45442,"marks":45443,"value":45444,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to phish higher-privilege users.",{"data":45446,"content":45447,"nodeType":1312},{},[45448],{"data":45449,"marks":45450,"value":45451,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It also protects against credential stuffing attacks",{"data":45453,"content":45454,"nodeType":860},{},[45455,45459,45464],{"data":45456,"marks":45457,"value":45458,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As well as protecting your users against phishing, the SSO password protection feature can prevent credential stuffing attacks succeeding against your IdP instance. How? By stopping your employees from reusing their SSO password on other apps.  \nPush monitors the identities of thousands of employees. Around ",{"data":45460,"marks":45461,"value":45463,"nodeType":864},{},[45462],{"type":899},"1 in 3 of them reuse passwords",{"data":45465,"marks":45466,"value":45467,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across multiple accounts. ",{"data":45469,"content":45470,"nodeType":860},{},[45471],{"data":45472,"marks":45473,"value":45474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employees know that their SSO password is one they’ll need to use a lot, and so they tend to choose one they know they will remember, because they are already using it successfully. That’s why we see higher levels of password reuse on IdP apps in particular.",{"data":45476,"content":45477,"nodeType":860},{},[45478],{"data":45479,"marks":45480,"value":45481,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every time an SSO password is reused on another app, its exposure increases, along with the likelihood of it falling into the wrong hands. This can happen when another app experiences a breach and credentials are stolen. Or alternatively, when an attacker steals credentials in a phishing attack aimed at users of other apps where the password is being reused.",{"data":45483,"content":45484,"nodeType":860},{},[45485],{"data":45486,"marks":45487,"value":45488,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Armed with stolen credentials, an attacker can spray them across common cloud apps and see what additional accounts they can gain access to. IdP apps will be high on the list of cloud apps attackers will try because they provide much more in the way of access than a general SaaS user account.",{"data":45490,"content":45491,"nodeType":860},{},[45492],{"data":45493,"marks":45494,"value":45495,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might be wondering if this feature can also be used to stop other password attacks such as password spraying and brute-forcing attacks. While this specific feature does not, Push’s other features do. ",{"data":45497,"content":45498,"nodeType":860},{},[45499,45503,45508],{"data":45500,"marks":45501,"value":45502,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These include ",{"data":45504,"marks":45505,"value":45507,"nodeType":864},{},[45506],{"type":899},"in-browser guidance",{"data":45509,"marks":45510,"value":45511,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that stops users from creating and using easily guessable passwords as well as Push’s ability to detect when employees are not registered for MFA (and whether the methods they are using are phishing-resistant or not).",{"data":45513,"content":45517,"nodeType":996},{"target":45514},{"sys":45515},{"id":45516,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"uy6utpRA35spZFM7Da4Nt",[],{"data":45519,"content":45520,"nodeType":1312},{},[45521],{"data":45522,"marks":45523,"value":29195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45525,"content":45526,"nodeType":860},{},[45527,45530,45536],{"data":45528,"marks":45529,"value":36918,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45531,"content":45532,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6151},[45533],{"data":45534,"marks":45535,"value":29210,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45537,"marks":45538,"value":45539,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using and how we detect vulnerable identities.","Introducing SSO Password Protection: Stop employees’ IdP credentials being exposed or phished","Use the Push browser agent’s unique vantage point to protect SSO credentials by blocking employees from entering their password into any other site. ","2024-04-29T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-sso-password-protection",{"items":45545},[45546,45548],{"sys":45547,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":45549,"name":29224},{"id":29223},{"items":45551},[45552],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":45553},{"url":4881},"investigating-and-responding-to-a-third-party-data-breach-using-push","blog/investigating-and-responding-to-a-third-party-data-breach-using-push",{"json":45557},{"data":45558,"content":45559,"nodeType":856},{},[45560],{"data":45561,"content":45562,"nodeType":860},{},[45563],{"data":45564,"marks":45565,"value":45566,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use Push to find and secure workforce accounts using credentials stolen in a third-party data breach.","How to use Push to investigate and respond to a third-party data breach, which results in credentials being stolen and sold on criminal marketplaces.  ",{"id":45569,"publishedAt":45570},"4pXsh0RffPhT783P6CNlOA","2026-08-12T11:55:18.998Z",{"items":45572},[45573,45575],{"sys":45574,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":45576,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"items":45578},[45579,45581,45583,45585,45587,45589,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45601],{"sys":45580,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":45582,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":45584,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":45586,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":45588,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45},{"id":525},{"sys":45590,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":45592,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":45594,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":45596,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45},{"id":630},{"sys":45598,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":45600,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":45602,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},"TAeVib22ruf0tzCxlJxSow281ITOon-Dzph3xDg9PMU",{"id":45605,"title":45606,"authorsCollection":45607,"content":45612,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":46096,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":46098,"metaTitle":46099,"ogImage":59,"postType":6304,"publishedDate":46100,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":46101,"slug":47994,"stem":47995,"subtitle":59,"summary":47996,"synopsis":48006,"sys":48007,"tagsCollection":48010,"topicsCollection":48016,"__hash__":48030},"blog/blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension.json","The web proxy is dead… long live the browser extension!",{"items":45608},[45609],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"socialLinks":45610,"profilePicture":45611},[11832],{"url":2740},{"json":45613,"links":46085},{"data":45614,"content":45615,"nodeType":856},{},[45616,45623,45630,45637,45644,45651,45658,45665,45672,45679,45697,45715,45722,45729,45748,45755,45767,45810,45817,45836,45844,45851,45858,45865,45872,45879,45944,45951,45956,45963,45970,45977,45984,46004,46011,46018,46025,46032,46039,46046,46053,46060,46067,46072,46078],{"data":45617,"content":45618,"nodeType":860},{},[45619],{"data":45620,"marks":45621,"value":45622,"nodeType":864},{},[],"User web activity can be a rich source of attack detection data. To this end, most organizations today ingest some form of network traffic data for security monitoring purposes. ",{"data":45624,"content":45625,"nodeType":860},{},[45626],{"data":45627,"marks":45628,"value":45629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Typically, network traffic data is gathered by analyzing web proxy and/or DNS logs. But, we regularly speak to organizations that are frustrated with the challenge of piecing together web traffic data, without understanding the opportunity presented by the alternatives.",{"data":45631,"content":45632,"nodeType":860},{},[45633],{"data":45634,"marks":45635,"value":45636,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even with proxies that can terminate TLS-encrypted datastreams, it’s difficult for even expert security teams to collect and analyze any meaningful data from web proxy logs. While the kind of data needed might be technically possible to extract, the process of reconstructing proxy data to analyze the specific data points that you really need, at scale, is prohibitively complicated.",{"data":45638,"content":45639,"nodeType":860},{},[45640],{"data":45641,"marks":45642,"value":45643,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The old “needle in a haystack” adage is very apt here! Rather than trying to piece together half-broken data – overlaying noisy proxy logs with other sources such as app and IdP telemetry – we think that the browser presents a much simpler way of analyzing relevant data points, particularly when it comes to identity attacks. ",{"data":45645,"content":45646,"nodeType":860},{},[45647],{"data":45648,"marks":45649,"value":45650,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we get on to detection opportunities in the browser, let’s take a deeper look at the web proxy situation.",{"data":45652,"content":45653,"nodeType":1009},{},[45654],{"data":45655,"marks":45656,"value":45657,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detection based on web proxy – how does it work and what are the limitations?",{"data":45659,"content":45660,"nodeType":860},{},[45661],{"data":45662,"marks":45663,"value":45664,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Web proxies generate common data points that can be used for threat detection, particularly when looking for indicators of an endpoint compromise. They work by inspecting network traffic to and from the endpoint, which includes web activity in the browser. ",{"data":45666,"content":45667,"nodeType":860},{},[45668],{"data":45669,"marks":45670,"value":45671,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The classic use case would be inspecting traffic from an endpoint to networked servers and devices, either on the local network or over the internet (e.g. via VPN), to detect signs of suspicious/malicious behavior from the device (indicating a potential compromise). Data is then shipped to a central proxy server where it can be analyzed for indicators of malicious activity. ",{"data":45673,"content":45674,"nodeType":860},{},[45675],{"data":45676,"marks":45677,"value":45678,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The traditional proxy setup has a number of limitations: ",{"data":45680,"content":45681,"nodeType":941},{},[45682],{"data":45683,"content":45684,"nodeType":945},{},[45685],{"data":45686,"content":45687,"nodeType":860},{},[45688,45693],{"data":45689,"marks":45690,"value":45692,"nodeType":864},{},[45691],{"type":899},"The proxy needs to be in a position to intercept traffic.",{"data":45694,"marks":45695,"value":45696,"nodeType":864},{},[]," It may only be active when a user is in the office, on a VPN and/or for external web traffic only. It might not work if a user is on their home or other other Wi-Fi – e.g. when working from Starbucks, or visiting a customer site, which isn’t an ideal setup in the era of remote working.  ",{"data":45698,"content":45699,"nodeType":941},{},[45700],{"data":45701,"content":45702,"nodeType":945},{},[45703],{"data":45704,"content":45705,"nodeType":860},{},[45706,45711],{"data":45707,"marks":45708,"value":45710,"nodeType":864},{},[45709],{"type":899},"Most web traffic is protected by TLS – so a proxy has to decrypt this to inspect what’s inside.",{"data":45712,"marks":45713,"value":45714,"nodeType":864},{},[]," At the very least you’re going to need to deploy a CA cert to every endpoint. But, some websites use things like certificate pinning or other SSL-enforcement controls to straight up prevent this. Unless you’re doing TLS-termination at scale with a COTS solution, then the ability to do proxy-based monitoring is seriously limited. ",{"data":45716,"content":45717,"nodeType":1312},{},[45718],{"data":45719,"marks":45720,"value":45721,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Proxies under the hood",{"data":45723,"content":45724,"nodeType":860},{},[45725],{"data":45726,"marks":45727,"value":45728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s pop the hood and take a look at the data you can collect using a web proxy that is useful for threat detection. ",{"data":45730,"content":45731,"nodeType":860},{},[45732,45736,45744],{"data":45733,"marks":45734,"value":45735,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Typically, you’re looking at data points such as domain names or IP addresses. If the proxy is terminating TLS, you might also have web URLs, the type of web content accessed, and other HTTP-level metadata. Higher level data like file uploads/downloads can sometimes be reconstructed when using very vanilla methods. More advanced proxies might run or open downloaded files in a sandbox for dynamic analysis to identify potentially malicious properties, which has ",{"data":45737,"content":45738,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38456},[45739],{"data":45740,"marks":45741,"value":45743,"nodeType":864},{},[45742],{"type":1455},"given rise to techniques like HTML smuggling",{"data":45745,"marks":45746,"value":45747,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to hide these file downloads from advanced proxies. ",{"data":45749,"content":45750,"nodeType":860},{},[45751],{"data":45752,"marks":45753,"value":45754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice this means that you might see that an endpoint at IP address X accessed google.com. If it’s an authenticated proxy, you might see the user of the endpoint as well. Using this data, it’s possible to see which endpoint’s owner accessed the web domain, but not the identity/account they used, or whether they actually logged in at all. So for the majority of in-house proxy setups not doing TLS-termination… that’s it. Even then, without decrypting TLS you can’t be sure you’re seeing the actual/final domain because of technologies like domain fronting that are commonly implemented in modern CDNs. ",{"data":45756,"content":45757,"nodeType":860},{},[45758,45762],{"data":45759,"marks":45760,"value":45761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With TLS termination, it’s possible to see a lot more by inspecting/unpacking the HTTP data. At this point there are two possible approaches: Manual analysis after the fact, or automated analysis on the fly. ",{"data":45763,"marks":45764,"value":45766,"nodeType":864},{},[45765],{"type":899},"Unfortunately, there are problems with both options. ",{"data":45768,"content":45769,"nodeType":941},{},[45770,45790],{"data":45771,"content":45772,"nodeType":945},{},[45773],{"data":45774,"content":45775,"nodeType":860},{},[45776,45781,45785],{"data":45777,"marks":45778,"value":45780,"nodeType":864},{},[45779],{"type":899},"There is too much HTTP data to store and manually analyze everything:",{"data":45782,"marks":45783,"value":45784,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Usually, organizations limit the data being stored to specific metadata as opposed to trying to store everything (terabytes of data per day), which would be impossibly expensive to store (and also to build the server infrastructure required to index and search it – effectively a mini-datacenter). ",{"data":45786,"marks":45787,"value":45789,"nodeType":864},{},[45788],{"type":2246},"Not to mention that storing detailed HTTP body data presents a significant security risk, as it includes valid session tokens/cookies for all your identities…  ",{"data":45791,"content":45792,"nodeType":945},{},[45793],{"data":45794,"content":45795,"nodeType":860},{},[45796,45801,45805],{"data":45797,"marks":45798,"value":45800,"nodeType":864},{},[45799],{"type":899},"Each web app is custom, making automated analysis (virtually) impossible:",{"data":45802,"marks":45803,"value":45804,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Proxy-based solutions have to reconstruct the data after TLS encryption. HTTP data is usually stored in large application JSON/XML objects or even in totally custom encoding – per each app. This means that complex, custom code is required per each app to be able to perform automated analysis. When businesses today are using hundreds of apps on average, ",{"data":45806,"marks":45807,"value":45809,"nodeType":864},{},[45808],{"type":899},"automating this process is not feasible as it requires constant reverse engineering of every web app. ",{"data":45811,"content":45812,"nodeType":860},{},[45813],{"data":45814,"marks":45815,"value":45816,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So what does this mean? Well, even organizations with a TLS-terminating proxy are limited to manual analysis of select metadata after-the-fact, which massively reduces its utility. You could sink a day or more’s analysis into gathering a small amount of useful data, for example whether a URL was accessed, but not necessarily which device/user, or what account/creds were used to log in). This means you’re probably going to use proxy data to aid in the investigation of a known incident rather than anything proactive. ",{"data":45818,"content":45819,"nodeType":860},{},[45820,45825,45831],{"data":45821,"marks":45822,"value":45824,"nodeType":864},{},[45823],{"type":899},"It might be ",{"data":45826,"marks":45827,"value":45830,"nodeType":864},{},[45828,45829],{"type":2246},{"type":899},"theoretically",{"data":45832,"marks":45833,"value":45835,"nodeType":864},{},[45834],{"type":899}," possible to sift through decrypted HTTP data to identify and correlate identities and actions, effectively reconstructing web pages from the network traffic automatically and on the fly (in the same way that it’s theoretically possible to remove my head and transplant it onto your body), but is it practical or reasonable for most organizations to do this? No. ",{"data":45837,"content":45838,"nodeType":1009},{},[45839],{"data":45840,"marks":45841,"value":45843,"nodeType":864},{},[45842],{"type":899},"Browser data: a better alternative?",{"data":45845,"content":45846,"nodeType":860},{},[45847],{"data":45848,"marks":45849,"value":45850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One way of overcoming some of the limitations of the classic web proxy setup is to use a browser-based solution. It’s much easier to collect data at the browser level before it’s encrypted. ",{"data":45852,"content":45853,"nodeType":860},{},[45854],{"data":45855,"marks":45856,"value":45857,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A browser agent isn’t just a proxy for pre-TLS HTML data, though. In the browser, you’re able to dynamically interact with the DOM or the rendered web application, including its JS code. This makes it easy to find, for example, input fields for usernames and passwords. You can see what information the user is inputting and where, without needing to figure out how the data is encoded and sent back to the app. These are fairly generic fields that can be identified across your suite of apps without needing complex custom code. To put it in perspective, approximately 10 login cases cover the entirety of the SaaS apps we support (~1000). Using a proxy-based solution, each of these would require custom development.   ",{"data":45859,"content":45860,"nodeType":860},{},[45861],{"data":45862,"marks":45863,"value":45864,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While it's technically possible to keep track of multiple sessions for thousands of users across hundreds of apps via proxy, it’s no mean feat – made much easier when each extension is tracking one user, in one browser, and even knows the browser tab it’s running in. You also get additional context at the identity layer such as the email address, authentication protocol, and credentials used, neatly mapped to that specific user and browser profile – no more trying to link the owner of an IP address to log events!",{"data":45866,"content":45867,"nodeType":860},{},[45868],{"data":45869,"marks":45870,"value":45871,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser also has the added benefit of being a natural enforcement point. You can collect and analyze data dynamically, and produce an immediate response – rather than taking info away, analyzing it, and coming back with a detection minutes or hours later (and potentially prompting a manual response). ",{"data":45873,"content":45874,"nodeType":860},{},[45875],{"data":45876,"marks":45877,"value":45878,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s look at a couple of examples based on how we’re using our browser agent to detect and block identity attacks. ",{"data":45880,"content":45881,"nodeType":941},{},[45882,45903,45923],{"data":45883,"content":45884,"nodeType":945},{},[45885],{"data":45886,"content":45887,"nodeType":860},{},[45888,45891,45899],{"data":45889,"marks":45890,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45892,"content":45893,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25066},[45894],{"data":45895,"marks":45896,"value":45898,"nodeType":864},{},[45897],{"type":1455},"Pinning passwords to the legitimate site they are linked with",{"data":45900,"marks":45901,"value":45902,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This is made possible by interacting with the DOM to observe passwords being entered – enabling the Push agent to intercept and block before an HTTP network request can even be made. ",{"data":45904,"content":45905,"nodeType":945},{},[45906],{"data":45907,"content":45908,"nodeType":860},{},[45909,45912,45919],{"data":45910,"marks":45911,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45913,"content":45914,"nodeType":883},{"uri":25545},[45915],{"data":45916,"marks":45917,"value":45918,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking malicious phishing tools",{"data":45920,"marks":45921,"value":45922,"nodeType":864},{},[]," running on websites by observing behavioral attributes in the browser, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",{"data":45924,"content":45925,"nodeType":945},{},[45926],{"data":45927,"content":45928,"nodeType":860},{},[45929,45932,45940],{"data":45930,"marks":45931,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45933,"content":45935,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45934},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/manage-third-party-data-access/",[45936],{"data":45937,"marks":45938,"value":45939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Observing users signing up to and using risky apps",{"data":45941,"marks":45942,"value":45943,"nodeType":864},{},[],", or changing or removing authentication methods, MFA methods, and configuration methods, which could indicate account takeover. ",{"data":45945,"content":45946,"nodeType":860},{},[45947],{"data":45948,"marks":45949,"value":45950,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s always useful to refer back to the concept of the Pyramid of Pain in these situations. The opportunities to detect and block in the browser tend to align with indicators at the apex of the pyramid, meaning they are a significant obstruction for attackers – and difficult to circumvent. This contrasts the indicators aligned with proxy-based solutions, which are much easier to bypass through, for example, IP masking using residential proxy networks, or changing the domains and URLs used for phishing campaigns.  ",{"data":45952,"content":45955,"nodeType":996},{"target":45953},{"sys":45954},{"id":28387,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":45957,"content":45958,"nodeType":860},{},[45959],{"data":45960,"marks":45961,"value":45962,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In summary: Browser data provides high-fidelity indicators of malicious activity, without the complications of proxy-based approaches. The scope for response in the browser is significant and immediate, meaning it’s a great enforcement point for security controls to be able to disrupt attacks. ",{"data":45964,"content":45965,"nodeType":1009},{},[45966],{"data":45967,"marks":45968,"value":45969,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Won’t my app and IdP logs cover this?",{"data":45971,"content":45972,"nodeType":860},{},[45973],{"data":45974,"marks":45975,"value":45976,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App and IdP logs are useful (when you can get them), but neither give you the full picture. ",{"data":45978,"content":45979,"nodeType":1312},{},[45980],{"data":45981,"marks":45982,"value":45983,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App logs are limited in availability, scope, and ease of ingestion ",{"data":45985,"content":45986,"nodeType":860},{},[45987,45991,46000],{"data":45988,"marks":45989,"value":45990,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When relying on app logs, you’re naturally constrained by the app provider. Many smaller apps provide no security logging, while others ",{"data":45992,"content":45994,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45993},"https://audit-logs.tax/",[45995],{"data":45996,"marks":45997,"value":45999,"nodeType":864},{},[45998],{"type":1455},"lock security logging behind the premium tier subscription",{"data":46001,"marks":46002,"value":46003,"nodeType":864},{},[],". When logs are available, you’re limited to the events that the third-party deems suitable to log. ",{"data":46005,"content":46006,"nodeType":860},{},[46007],{"data":46008,"marks":46009,"value":46010,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Out of the 100 most popular apps we see across our customers, and perhaps the few dozen or so that are security critical, only a small handful provide any useful logging. This means, naturally, that the majority of apps do not. ",{"data":46012,"content":46013,"nodeType":860},{},[46014],{"data":46015,"marks":46016,"value":46017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To top it all off, the process of extracting these logs and feeding them into your SIEM (or equivalent) is also not straightforward. The lack of out-of-the-box connectors for many apps means that complex custom architectures are required for collecting data. Some vendors place constraints on the format and mechanism for extracting logs which can make ingestion difficult to feed reliable detections – even before any meaningful analysis of the data can take place. ",{"data":46019,"content":46020,"nodeType":860},{},[46021],{"data":46022,"marks":46023,"value":46024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Until application security logs are made widely available (and at no additional cost) it’s unlikely you’re going to be able to get the visibility you need from app logs, for every app your employees use (though of course there are exceptions – and we hope to see more vendors in future treating security as a minimum requirement, not a chargeable addon). ",{"data":46026,"content":46027,"nodeType":1312},{},[46028],{"data":46029,"marks":46030,"value":46031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IdP logs cover only SSO integrated apps and are limited in scope",{"data":46033,"content":46034,"nodeType":860},{},[46035],{"data":46036,"marks":46037,"value":46038,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might think, “but all of our business apps are behind SSO, right?” In reality, only about 1 in 3 apps support SSO (and even fewer at the ‘free’ tier). And in practice, our data shows us that only 1 in 5 apps on average are actually behind SSO per organization. The theoretical security benefit of IdP logs is that they provide context, a foundation for the user’s activity across (and between) a suite of apps. But because of the lack of coverage, this isn’t the case. ",{"data":46040,"content":46041,"nodeType":860},{},[46042],{"data":46043,"marks":46044,"value":46045,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IdP logs are naturally focused on authentication, and so don’t compensate for any gaps in app logging. Naturally, they are only able to observe what happens on the IdP side – and so are blind to client side attacks like phishing (which we’ve already shown the browser provides superior visibility of compared to typical alternatives like proxy logs).   ",{"data":46047,"content":46048,"nodeType":1312},{},[46049],{"data":46050,"marks":46051,"value":46052,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser is best for stopping identity attacks",{"data":46054,"content":46055,"nodeType":860},{},[46056],{"data":46057,"marks":46058,"value":46059,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where the browser comes in. Think of your browser as your source of truth, a broad data baseline for user activity where the browser provides complete context of the browser profile, employee, accounts, credentials, auth methods, and MFA types – as well as employee interaction with web sites.",{"data":46061,"content":46062,"nodeType":860},{},[46063],{"data":46064,"marks":46065,"value":46066,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The TL;DR is that your visibility in the browser is theoretically limitless. Every page loaded (and its source, javascript state, local storage), every user interaction can be observed. And best of all, this analysis is done securely in the browser and only the results of detections are reported back, rather than decrypting the entire raw traffic stream including all session data in an additional centralized system. ",{"data":46068,"content":46071,"nodeType":996},{"target":46069},{"sys":46070},{"id":38650,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":46073,"content":46074,"nodeType":1009},{},[46075],{"data":46076,"marks":46077,"value":24988,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46079,"content":46080,"nodeType":860},{},[46081],{"data":46082,"marks":46083,"value":46084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As an industry, we need to start looking at browser-based detection and response as the next logical evolution to stop identity attacks. There are clear parallels with the emergence of EDR – which came about because existing endpoint log sources were not sufficient. Today, we wouldn’t dream of trying to detect and respond to endpoint-based attacks without EDR – it’s time we started thinking about cloud identity attacks and the browser in the same way.  ",{"entries":46086},{"hyperlink":46087,"inline":46088,"block":46089},[],[],[46090,46093],{"sys":46091,"__typename":1724,"title":35732,"caption":35733,"layoutMode":59,"file":46092},{"id":28387},{"url":35735,"width":35736,"height":35737},{"sys":46094,"__typename":1724,"title":38809,"caption":38810,"layoutMode":59,"file":46095},{"id":38650},{"url":38812,"width":38813,"height":38814},{"items":46097},[],{},"Why browser data is best for identity threat 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We’re also starting to see tools and attacks that suggest that ",{"data":47358,"content":47359,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32785},[47360],{"data":47361,"marks":47362,"value":47364,"nodeType":864},{},[47363],{"type":1455},"phishing employees through these IM apps",{"data":47366,"marks":47367,"value":47368,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is about to go mainstream.",{"data":47370,"content":47371,"nodeType":860},{},[47372,47376,47385],{"data":47373,"marks":47374,"value":47375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another interesting attack is a spin on the classic waterhole attack called a ",{"data":47377,"content":47379,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47378},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/poisoned_tenants/description.md",[47380],{"data":47381,"marks":47382,"value":47384,"nodeType":864},{},[47383],{"type":1455},"poisoned tenant",{"data":47386,"marks":47387,"value":47388,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Rather than attacking a customer tenant for a SaaS app, the attacker lures employees into joining an attacker-controlled tenant. ",{"data":47390,"content":47391,"nodeType":860},{},[47392],{"data":47393,"marks":47394,"value":47395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS apps allow anyone to name app tenants (a.k.a. spaces, teams, or instances) anything they like — including your company name. Attackers send invites to your employees from within the app with a customized message explaining why they should join this new tenant (or sign up to the app if they are not already a user). ",{"data":47397,"content":47398,"nodeType":860},{},[47399],{"data":47400,"marks":47401,"value":47402,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers might even pay for premium licenses in the app to further entice employees to join. The attacker then waits for the employee to upload sensitive data or create integrations with other company apps containing crown jewels.",{"data":47404,"content":47405,"nodeType":1312},{},[47406],{"data":47407,"marks":47408,"value":47409,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Living-off-the-(SaaS)-land to persist and avoid detection",{"data":47411,"content":47412,"nodeType":860},{},[47413,47417,47426],{"data":47414,"marks":47415,"value":47416,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the endpoint world, a favorite technique is the use of legit OS utilities or ",{"data":47418,"content":47420,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47419},"https://lolbas-project.github.io",[47421],{"data":47422,"marks":47423,"value":47425,"nodeType":864},{},[47424],{"type":1455},"LOLBaS",{"data":47427,"marks":47428,"value":47429,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (Living-Off-the-Land Binaries and Scripts), which are often signed Microsoft utilities. Perhaps the most well-known example is executing scripts through PowerShell rather than building custom malware. That isn’t as useful these days, but there was a time when PowerShell was routinely used to bypass AV, EDR, and even app allow-listing.",{"data":47431,"content":47432,"nodeType":860},{},[47433,47437,47444],{"data":47434,"marks":47435,"value":47436,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In that same living-off-the-land mindset, an attacker trying to maintain access to each SaaS app they compromise using custom OAuth integration apps might instead choose to use legit SaaS apps that specialize in workflow automation to create ",{"data":47438,"content":47439,"nodeType":883},{"uri":32167},[47440],{"data":47441,"marks":47442,"value":32695,"nodeType":864},{},[47443],{"type":1455},{"data":47445,"marks":47446,"value":47447,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Utilizing legit SaaS apps also means they can hide in plain sight from incident responders, instead of having to rely on unverified or unpublished integrations.",{"data":47449,"content":47450,"nodeType":860},{},[47451],{"data":47452,"marks":47453,"value":47454,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Perhaps the best example here is using a well-known automation app like Zapier, which claims to have more than 5,000 integrations. These integrations are often verified, approved, and connected to a trusted vendor (Zapier). An attacker might create workflows to:",{"data":47456,"content":47457,"nodeType":941},{},[47458,47468,47478],{"data":47459,"content":47460,"nodeType":945},{},[47461],{"data":47462,"content":47463,"nodeType":860},{},[47464],{"data":47465,"marks":47466,"value":47467,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do daily data exfiltration from a victim’s data lake.",{"data":47469,"content":47470,"nodeType":945},{},[47471],{"data":47472,"content":47473,"nodeType":860},{},[47474],{"data":47475,"marks":47476,"value":47477,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Configure a webhook that adds malicious accounts to a Github repo on demand.",{"data":47479,"content":47480,"nodeType":945},{},[47481],{"data":47482,"content":47483,"nodeType":860},{},[47484],{"data":47485,"marks":47486,"value":47487,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automatically find and replace bank account numbers in emails to the finance team.",{"data":47489,"content":47490,"nodeType":860},{},[47491],{"data":47492,"marks":47493,"value":47494,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All appear as legitimate Zapier integrations. But, before you put in alerts specifically for Zapier, know that it’s one of dozens of apps that support these kinds of offensive workflows.",{"data":47496,"content":47497,"nodeType":860},{},[47498,47502,47511],{"data":47499,"marks":47500,"value":47501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A sneaky attacker might go further and use an ",{"data":47503,"content":47505,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47504},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/evil_twin_integrations/description.md",[47506],{"data":47507,"marks":47508,"value":47510,"nodeType":864},{},[47509],{"type":1455},"evil twin integration",{"data":47512,"marks":47513,"value":47514,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to make another instance of an existing integration — making this backdoor almost impossible to discover.",{"data":47516,"content":47517,"nodeType":1312},{},[47518],{"data":47519,"marks":47520,"value":47521,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Features or vulnerabilities?",{"data":47523,"content":47524,"nodeType":860},{},[47525],{"data":47526,"marks":47527,"value":47528,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When looking for attack techniques, you’re typically going after features that have weaknesses you can abuse rather than bugs in a single app that will be patched. ",{"data":47530,"content":47531,"nodeType":860},{},[47532,47536,47545,47548,47555],{"data":47533,"marks":47534,"value":47535,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s pretty common for SaaS apps to skip email verification or allow multiple simultaneous authentication methods. Both of these are conscious design choices in the name of lowering the friction of account creation and reducing customer support. However, these features make techniques like ",{"data":47537,"content":47539,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47538},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/account_ambushing/description.md",[47540],{"data":47541,"marks":47542,"value":47544,"nodeType":864},{},[47543],{"type":1455},"account ambushing",{"data":47546,"marks":47547,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":47549,"content":47550,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20583},[47551],{"data":47552,"marks":47553,"value":13417,"nodeType":864},{},[47554],{"type":1455},{"data":47556,"marks":47557,"value":47558,"nodeType":864},{},[]," possible. If these attacks become widespread, these might come to be seen more as bugs rather than a positive feature for users.",{"data":47560,"content":47561,"nodeType":860},{},[47562,47566,47575],{"data":47563,"marks":47564,"value":47565,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In other cases, the bugs are serious enough and hard enough to patch that they’re worth noting as a technique. The recently disclosed (and perfectly named) ",{"data":47567,"content":47569,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47568},"https://www.descope.com/blog/post/noauth",[47570],{"data":47571,"marks":47572,"value":47574,"nodeType":864},{},[47573],{"type":1455},"nOAuth",{"data":47576,"marks":47577,"value":47578,"nodeType":864},{},[]," bug fits this bill. ",{"data":47580,"content":47581,"nodeType":860},{},[47582],{"data":47583,"marks":47584,"value":47585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The bug arises from a confusion between an email identity and email metadata field in Microsoft integrations and without a central fix from MS (the fix isn’t trivial), these bugs are likely to be discovered and re-occur on third-party OAuth apps for a while to come.",{"data":47587,"content":47590,"nodeType":996},{"target":47588},{"sys":47589},{"id":28635,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":47592,"content":47593,"nodeType":1009},{},[47594],{"data":47595,"marks":47596,"value":47597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SaaS market is driving these offensive techniques",{"data":47599,"content":47600,"nodeType":860},{},[47601],{"data":47602,"marks":47603,"value":47604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS apps are basically web apps that are run in the cloud and accessed from endpoints, so then WebApp, endpoint, and cloud security should cover all of SaaS, right? ",{"data":47606,"content":47607,"nodeType":860},{},[47608],{"data":47609,"marks":47610,"value":47611,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That was our assumption when we started, but what we found instead was that SaaS marketing practices are driving a lot of pretty interesting techniques that you don’t run into in standalone web apps.",{"data":47613,"content":47614,"nodeType":1312},{},[47615],{"data":47616,"marks":47617,"value":47618,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern SaaS is easy to adopt, easy to use, low friction, low cost, low overhead",{"data":47620,"content":47621,"nodeType":860},{},[47622],{"data":47623,"marks":47624,"value":47625,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Making apps easy to sign up for and low effort to support means you need to make some interesting choices when it comes to designing account creation and recovery flows. ",{"data":47627,"content":47628,"nodeType":860},{},[47629],{"data":47630,"marks":47631,"value":47632,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many apps allow users to sign into apps using multiple methods, easily invite collaborators (internal and external) and avoid any additional friction during the signup process. ",{"data":47634,"content":47635,"nodeType":860},{},[47636],{"data":47637,"marks":47638,"value":47639,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, many apps avoid verifying new account email addresses. This is not laziness, these are conscious design choices — not driven by security clearly, but not accidents.",{"data":47641,"content":47642,"nodeType":1312},{},[47643],{"data":47644,"marks":47645,"value":47646,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern SaaS is highly integrated",{"data":47648,"content":47649,"nodeType":860},{},[47650],{"data":47651,"marks":47652,"value":47653,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most SaaS apps are trying to build app marketplaces or perform well in other apps' marketplaces (often both), and it’s rare these days to find apps that don’t integrate with other apps. ",{"data":47655,"content":47656,"nodeType":860},{},[47657],{"data":47658,"marks":47659,"value":47660,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OAuth has become the de facto standard protocol for doing this, and most users have become quite used to approving OAuth2.0 consent flows. These integrations have opened up lots of incredibly useful doors for attackers to persist access and move laterally across SaaS apps that few incident response teams have run into yet. These tokens don’t expire when you reset passwords, aren’t protected by MFA, and actions they performed are rarely logged. ",{"data":47662,"content":47663,"nodeType":860},{},[47664],{"data":47665,"marks":47666,"value":47667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are not bugs or oversights but rather a consequence of how these APIs are intended to be used (by machines, not human adversaries).",{"data":47669,"content":47670,"nodeType":1009},{},[47671],{"data":47672,"marks":47673,"value":47674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Problems with observing SaaS attacks ",{"data":47676,"content":47677,"nodeType":860},{},[47678,47682,47687],{"data":47679,"marks":47680,"value":47681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This research begs one question above others: ",{"data":47683,"marks":47684,"value":47686,"nodeType":864},{},[47685],{"type":2246},"“Are we seeing these attacks in the wild?",{"data":47688,"marks":47689,"value":47690,"nodeType":864},{},[],"” ",{"data":47692,"content":47693,"nodeType":1312},{},[47694],{"data":47695,"marks":47696,"value":47697,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yes, definitely",{"data":47699,"content":47700,"nodeType":860},{},[47701,47705,47714,47717,47726,47730,47739,47743,47751,47755,47764],{"data":47702,"marks":47703,"value":47704,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For some of the better-known techniques, like credential stuffing and email phishing, the answer is an easy yes. Stats from ",{"data":47706,"content":47708,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47707},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/05/04/how-microsoft-can-help-you-go-passwordless-this-world-password-day/",[47709],{"data":47710,"marks":47711,"value":47713,"nodeType":864},{},[47712],{"type":1455},"Microsoft (1,287 password attacks every second)",{"data":47715,"marks":47716,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":47718,"content":47720,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47719},"https://auth0.com/blog/top-insights-from-our-2022-state-of-secure-identity-report/",[47721],{"data":47722,"marks":47723,"value":47725,"nodeType":864},{},[47724],{"type":1455},"Auth0 (a third of their traffic is credential stuffing)",{"data":47727,"marks":47728,"value":47729,"nodeType":864},{},[]," speaks volumes. Other sources like the ",{"data":47731,"content":47733,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47732},"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022",[47734],{"data":47735,"marks":47736,"value":47738,"nodeType":864},{},[47737],{"type":1455},"NCSC's Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2022",{"data":47740,"marks":47741,"value":47742,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and the ",{"data":47744,"content":47745,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28476},[47746],{"data":47747,"marks":47748,"value":47750,"nodeType":864},{},[47749],{"type":1455},"Verizon 2023 Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":47752,"marks":47753,"value":47754,"nodeType":864},{},[]," suggest that phishing is also a major cause of SaaS breaches. Anecdotal reports from colleagues in the Incident Response field suggest that malicious mail forwarding rules are seen a lot, something which is supported by the ",{"data":47756,"content":47758,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47757},"https://expel.com/expel-quarterly-threat-report/",[47759],{"data":47760,"marks":47761,"value":47763,"nodeType":864},{},[47762],{"type":1455},"Expel Quarterly Threat Report for Q1 2023",{"data":47765,"marks":47766,"value":47767,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (see page 6).",{"data":47769,"content":47770,"nodeType":860},{},[47771],{"data":47772,"marks":47773,"value":47774,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The takeaway is that the current focus for defenders should be to ensure users have good phishing-resistant account security in place — make sure you have basics like strong unique passwords and MFA in place across your entire SaaS estate.",{"data":47776,"content":47777,"nodeType":1312},{},[47778],{"data":47779,"marks":47780,"value":47781,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For newer OAuth attacks, it’s a lot less clear …",{"data":47783,"content":47784,"nodeType":860},{},[47785,47789,47794,47798,47807],{"data":47786,"marks":47787,"value":47788,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Other techniques like consent phishing have been discussed in some breach disclosures like the ",{"data":47790,"marks":47791,"value":47793,"nodeType":864},{},[47792],{"type":1455},"2020 SANS breach",{"data":47795,"marks":47796,"value":47797,"nodeType":864},{},[],". These OAuth techniques also pop up in the news (for example, the ",{"data":47799,"content":47801,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47800},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/github-how-stolen-oauth-tokens-helped-breach-dozens-of-orgs/",[47802],{"data":47803,"marks":47804,"value":47806,"nodeType":864},{},[47805],{"type":1455},"2022 Github/Heroku/Travis-CI breach",{"data":47808,"marks":47809,"value":47810,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where GitHub accounts were breached using stolen Heroku and Travis-CI OAuth tokens). ",{"data":47812,"content":47813,"nodeType":860},{},[47814,47818,47823],{"data":47815,"marks":47816,"value":47817,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, none of these techniques come up as frequently as their usefulness would suggest. This means one of two things: ",{"data":47819,"marks":47820,"value":47822,"nodeType":864},{},[47821],{"type":2246},"Either attackers aren’t yet using them widely, or they are and we aren’t detecting them",{"data":47824,"marks":47825,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":47827,"content":47828,"nodeType":860},{},[47829],{"data":47830,"marks":47831,"value":47832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There is certainly a case to be made that attackers simply don’t need these newer techniques yet. Many organizations don’t have a way of discovering SaaS use in their organization yet, never mind breached accounts, so new persistence techniques might be a bit more than necessary at the moment.",{"data":47834,"content":47835,"nodeType":1312},{},[47836],{"data":47837,"marks":47838,"value":47839,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But would we know if it was happening?",{"data":47841,"content":47842,"nodeType":860},{},[47843],{"data":47844,"marks":47845,"value":47846,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the other hand, there is certainly the possibility that these attacks are increasingly used, but are simply not being discovered. A strong argument in favor of this view is the difficulty in investigating these attacks. Very few SaaS apps provide enough logging capability to discover these attacks as a customer. This is true even for the biggest, most mature apps like Office 365 and Google Workspace unless you are on top license tiers. This is doubly true for attacks that use OAuth, with many apps providing no insight or details into actions made using OAuth-authenticated APIs. ",{"data":47848,"content":47849,"nodeType":860},{},[47850,47854,47863,47867,47876],{"data":47851,"marks":47852,"value":47853,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This suggests only the SaaS providers for these apps are really in a position to discover and investigate them. This does ring true when you consider that ",{"data":47855,"content":47857,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47856},"https://blog.heroku.com/april-2022-incident-review",[47858],{"data":47859,"marks":47860,"value":47862,"nodeType":864},{},[47861],{"type":1455},"Heroku",{"data":47864,"marks":47865,"value":47866,"nodeType":864},{},[]," relied heavily on Github during the investigation (and in one case even the detection of) their 2022 breaches, and the same seems true for a similar breach affecting ",{"data":47868,"content":47870,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47869},"https://circleci.com/blog/jan-4-2023-incident-report/",[47871],{"data":47872,"marks":47873,"value":47875,"nodeType":864},{},[47874],{"type":1455},"CircleCI",{"data":47877,"marks":47878,"value":47879,"nodeType":864},{},[]," later that year. Github and CircleCI’s customers prompted the investigation after seeing strange behavior, but Github had access to the logs to investigate. It’s difficult to imagine that most or even many SaaS vendors have the resources or inclination to run these investigations effectively as GitHub appears to have.",{"data":47881,"content":47882,"nodeType":860},{},[47883,47887,47897],{"data":47884,"marks":47885,"value":47886,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, are these attacks happening in the real world? My best guess is it’s a little bit of column A and a little bit of column B — there are likely not so many of these attacks happening yet, and when they do, I suspect the vast majority go undetected. ",{"data":47888,"content":47890,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47889},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j95kNwZw8YY",[47891],{"data":47892,"marks":47893,"value":47896,"nodeType":864},{},[47894,47895],{"type":1455},{"type":2246},"But that’s just like my opinion, man.",{"data":47898,"marks":47899,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":47901,"content":47902,"nodeType":860},{},[47903],{"data":47904,"marks":47905,"value":47906,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is part of the reason we think enabling red teamers to try these techniques in anger is useful — this is the time-proven way to understand these risks.",{"data":47908,"content":47909,"nodeType":1009},{},[47910],{"data":47911,"marks":47912,"value":47913,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What’s next?",{"data":47915,"content":47916,"nodeType":860},{},[47917],{"data":47918,"marks":47919,"value":47920,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve barely scratched the surface, but perhaps there is enough here to get the discussion going. From past experience, discussion may not be enough, and it’s likely that live offensive work like penetration tests or more likely red team exercises will be required to make the risks of using these techniques real for the wider security community. ",{"data":47922,"content":47923,"nodeType":860},{},[47924],{"data":47925,"marks":47926,"value":47927,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After all, seeing is believing. We think some more practical examples and tools to help red  teamers use these techniques on engagements will help drive awareness forward, so we’ll be looking to build out this content.",{"data":47929,"content":47930,"nodeType":860},{},[47931,47935,47944],{"data":47932,"marks":47933,"value":47934,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve started with pure networkless attacks that don’t touch customer networks or endpoints, but there are many useful techniques to connect the old endpoint world to the SaaS world. Consider stealing OAuth tokens from a thick client on an endpoint, or using a ",{"data":47936,"content":47938,"nodeType":883},{"uri":47937},"https://github.blog/2023-07-18-security-alert-social-engineering-campaign-targets-technology-industry-employees/",[47939],{"data":47940,"marks":47941,"value":47943,"nodeType":864},{},[47942],{"type":1455},"backdoored GitHub repo to get code execution on endpoints",{"data":47945,"marks":47946,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":47948,"content":47949,"nodeType":860},{},[47950,47954,47961],{"data":47951,"marks":47952,"value":47953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Help us all better understand how widespread these attacks are by sharing some war stories. We’d love some comments, discussions, or PRs on ",{"data":47955,"content":47956,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20791},[47957],{"data":47958,"marks":47959,"value":33001,"nodeType":864},{},[47960],{"type":1455},{"data":47962,"marks":47963,"value":33005,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":47965,"content":47969,"nodeType":996},{"target":47966},{"sys":47967},{"id":47968,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2y0INxqAi594O7rCAVKhTI",[],{"data":47971,"content":47972,"nodeType":860},{},[47973],{"data":47974,"marks":47975,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s talk about SaaS attack techniques","Offensive security drives defensive security. We're sharing a collection of SaaS attack techniques to help defenders understand the threats they face.","2023-07-27T00:00:00.000Z","saas-attack-techniques",{"items":47981},[47982,47984],{"sys":47983,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"sys":47985,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"items":47987},[47988],{"fullName":47989,"firstName":47990,"jobTitle":47991,"profilePicture":47992},"Jacques Louw","Jacques","Co-founder / CRO",{"url":47993},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/39m8bektV23lnCRcEq0G8h/2a08f6276a50744f1a4b499b273f6bb2/Push_Founders_at_Cahoots_October_28_2022_by_Doug_Coombe-21.jpg","the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension","blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension",{"json":47997},{"data":47998,"content":47999,"nodeType":856},{},[48000],{"data":48001,"content":48002,"nodeType":860},{},[48003],{"data":48004,"marks":48005,"value":48006,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Right now the majority of detections for identity attacks rely on web proxy telemetry. Here’s why the browser can be a better alternative.",{"id":48008,"publishedAt":48009},"7yCGcUryKQGOHYHRtipn6W","2026-08-12T11:55:20.455Z",{"items":48011},[48012,48014],{"sys":48013,"name":342},{"id":13726},{"sys":48015,"name":7555},{"id":7554},{"items":48017},[48018,48020,48022,48024,48026,48028],{"sys":48019,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":48021,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":48023,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":48025,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},{"sys":48027,"name":306,"slug":307,"tier":45},{"id":303},{"sys":48029,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},"uN3iX_Im-BmML48Vy7SjdFvwjG_lkn3C60qo7BzREZ0",{"id":48032,"title":48033,"authorsCollection":48034,"content":48040,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":48376,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":48378,"metaTitle":48379,"ogImage":59,"postType":43810,"publishedDate":48380,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":48381,"slug":48967,"stem":48968,"subtitle":59,"summary":48969,"synopsis":48986,"sys":48987,"tagsCollection":48990,"topicsCollection":48996,"__hash__":49008},"blog/blog/how-to-find-the-right-saas-security-solution-for-your-organization.json","How to find the right SaaS security solution for your organization ",{"items":48035},[48036],{"fullName":47989,"firstName":47990,"jobTitle":47991,"socialLinks":48037,"profilePicture":48039},[48038],"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jacques-louw-o-62608594/",{"url":47993},{"json":48041,"links":48367},{"data":48042,"content":48043,"nodeType":856},{},[48044,48051,48072,48079,48086,48093,48100,48107,48114,48121,48128,48135,48142,48149,48156,48172,48179,48186,48193,48200,48207,48214,48232,48239,48246,48253,48259,48266,48274,48307,48315,48348],{"data":48045,"content":48046,"nodeType":860},{},[48047],{"data":48048,"marks":48049,"value":48050,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As part of your larger cloud security strategy, you’ve likely been asked to focus on how to secure SaaS apps used in your company. The first step to securing SaaS is getting a real sense of what platforms employees are actually using, beyond those that you already know about. Since SaaS is so easy for employees to adopt and start using without any input from IT and security, they’re likely using hundreds of SaaS apps that aren’t even on your radar. The first step in securing something is getting full visibility into what you even need to secure in the first place. ",{"data":48052,"content":48053,"nodeType":860},{},[48054,48058,48068],{"data":48055,"marks":48056,"value":48057,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To help guide folks through how you might do SaaS discovery on your own, we wrote an ",{"data":48059,"content":48063,"nodeType":15592},{"target":48060},{"sys":48061},{"id":48062,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"45iZ69EdPF4629gZ6yf7p5",[48064],{"data":48065,"marks":48066,"value":48067,"nodeType":864},{},[],"article",{"data":48069,"marks":48070,"value":48071,"nodeType":864},{},[]," about how to manually find what apps employees are using. In it, we explored how to analyze data that you already have on hand to find the unknown apps (shadow IT) used within your business. That’s a pretty significant manual effort, though, and most security teams don’t have the resources to do it. Plus, while these manual attempts can chip away at the SaaS discovery process, none are great at giving you a comprehensive view of SaaS use, nor do they keep up with the constant influx of apps employees are signing up for daily. ",{"data":48073,"content":48074,"nodeType":860},{},[48075],{"data":48076,"marks":48077,"value":48078,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To get truly broad coverage of what SaaS employees are using, you need a large dataset of SaaS apps, the domains associated with them, and this dataset must constantly be updated and expanded to include new apps that are launched every day. ",{"data":48080,"content":48081,"nodeType":860},{},[48082],{"data":48083,"marks":48084,"value":48085,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unless you can find such a dataset, you must create it. And creating a constantly updated dataset is no small undertaking. That’s why there are so many off-the-shelf solutions and tools that focus solely on SaaS discovery these days. Many say that they are full-scale SaaS security platforms, but what that means isn’t always clear, even after reading product marketing materials. If you were to look at a venn diagram of “SaaS security platforms,” you’d have a giant mess of interlocking circles, with some shared activities amongst all (or most) tools and then vastly different features from that core functionality.",{"data":48087,"content":48088,"nodeType":860},{},[48089],{"data":48090,"marks":48091,"value":48092,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How “good” they are at SaaS discovery really depends on what data they’re using, what they have access to within your environment, the quality of their proprietary datasets (breadth, depth, and timeliness of that data), and how they work with your existing data and tools. To help navigate this mess, we’re sharing some pros and cons of the categories of commercial tools on the market.",{"data":48094,"content":48095,"nodeType":860},{},[48096],{"data":48097,"marks":48098,"value":48099,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To determine which solution you need, you need to consider your tech stack, your specific needs, your risk tolerance, and your short and long term objectives. In this article, we’ll break down some major use cases and match them up with what solutions make the most sense to address them.",{"data":48101,"content":48102,"nodeType":1312},{},[48103],{"data":48104,"marks":48105,"value":48106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You’re a large enterprise interested in securing core SaaS platforms",{"data":48108,"content":48109,"nodeType":860},{},[48110],{"data":48111,"marks":48112,"value":48113,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\nWorking to only secure 20 or so core applications that have already been sanctioned by the security team? A cloud security posture management (CSPM) or SaaS security posture management (SSPM) solution might be the answer you’re looking for, particularly if you’re on the highest tier license for those apps. ",{"data":48115,"content":48116,"nodeType":860},{},[48117],{"data":48118,"marks":48119,"value":48120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can make the most of these tools during in-depth investigations or threat hunting exercises. Leverage them to enforce custom SaaS or cloud app policies as well. The caveat with this one is that you’ll need a fairly sophisticated security team to manage, customize, and run SSPM and CSPM tools.",{"data":48122,"content":48123,"nodeType":860},{},[48124],{"data":48125,"marks":48126,"value":48127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An ideal environment for these solutions is one that has a full SOC capability so that you extend your existing security monitoring and threat hunting coverage into these core SaaS platforms. You’ll be able to secure a small handful of your business critical applications as long as they’re large and well-established platforms. ",{"data":48129,"content":48130,"nodeType":860},{},[48131],{"data":48132,"marks":48133,"value":48134,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reason you’ll need top-level licenses and well-established SaaS platforms to make these solutions work is because they rely on API data from those SaaS platforms. Those mature APIs provide necessary information about those core apps that CSPMs and SSPMs use to provide security insights you need to manage the risks. Unfortunately, they won’t cover the dozens of smaller SaaS apps most organizations use, and are normally only available on top license tiers.",{"data":48136,"content":48137,"nodeType":1312},{},[48138],{"data":48139,"marks":48140,"value":48141,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You’re a more traditional, on-prem enterprise interested in blocking unsanctioned SaaS",{"data":48143,"content":48144,"nodeType":860},{},[48145],{"data":48146,"marks":48147,"value":48148,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If your environment is traditional on-site internal networks and you have mature gateway monitoring technology in place already, a cloud access security broker (CASB) may be your best path to securing cloud apps. CASBs work best if you have no employees working from home or on the road or you’re forcing employees to only access work platforms and internet browsers through your corporate VPN.",{"data":48150,"content":48151,"nodeType":860},{},[48152],{"data":48153,"marks":48154,"value":48155,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CASBs typically pull network data such as DNS, SASE, VPN, proxy, and firewall logs. They may also require that you install an agent on each employees’ devices if you want coverage when they are out of the office. ",{"data":48157,"content":48158,"nodeType":860},{},[48159,48163,48168],{"data":48160,"marks":48161,"value":48162,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With those data sources, they provide good aggregate information about SaaS platforms that are accessed. What they ",{"data":48164,"marks":48165,"value":48167,"nodeType":864},{},[48166],{"type":2246},"can’t do well",{"data":48169,"marks":48170,"value":48171,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is provide any insight into how the SaaS app is being used, by which employees (you typically get IP addresses not user names), and for what purpose - as an example, they are typically not able to tell the difference between opening a SaaS product’s homepage, or actually logging into the application - so you are going to have a fairly large number of false positives. ",{"data":48173,"content":48174,"nodeType":860},{},[48175],{"data":48176,"marks":48177,"value":48178,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A CASB also really makes sense if you’re forced into complying with strict regulatory requirements to block everything until you’re able to do an in-depth due diligence process on each app. If your goal (or need) is to block access to unknown, unvetted, or unsanctioned SaaS at the network level with no exceptions, a CASB might be for you.",{"data":48180,"content":48181,"nodeType":1312},{},[48182],{"data":48183,"marks":48184,"value":48185,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You’re a cloud-native company who wants to enable SaaS without introducing too much risk",{"data":48187,"content":48188,"nodeType":860},{},[48189],{"data":48190,"marks":48191,"value":48192,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For cloud-native companies that need better coverage, and are looking for more nuanced controls than network-level blocking, a solution that discovers and secures SaaS through the browser is the way to go. Since employees access SaaS through their browser, it’s a logical step to collect data about who is using what apps through a browser extension. ",{"data":48194,"content":48195,"nodeType":860},{},[48196],{"data":48197,"marks":48198,"value":48199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser approach lets you do true SaaS discovery - so you can find what employees are actually using (not just accessing) and then go about securing those apps. You also don’t need to do much in terms of managing a browser-based solution once it’s set up. It simply runs in the background and surfaces employee SaaS use data into a dashboard. ",{"data":48201,"content":48202,"nodeType":860},{},[48203],{"data":48204,"marks":48205,"value":48206,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By combining browser-level data and robust security APIs from those core business platforms that SSPMs typically tap into, you can get broad visibility of SaaS use in your company for those large in number, but less mature, more up-and-coming apps, and the depth of security data you need for those few core apps that most employees are using. ",{"data":48208,"content":48209,"nodeType":860},{},[48210],{"data":48211,"marks":48212,"value":48213,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The other key benefit of a browser-based approach for SaaS discovery is that you can get incredibly powerful data about who is using the app, how they’re using it, if they’re using security features such as MFA, if they’re reusing passwords across multiple apps, if they’re sharing passwords, when they’ve used it last, and so on. That data is critical when it comes to securing SaaS because the devil truly is in the details. ",{"data":48215,"content":48216,"nodeType":860},{},[48217,48221,48229],{"data":48218,"marks":48219,"value":48220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If we’ve piqued your interest and you’re curious to see what we can discover about SaaS in your business, ",{"data":48222,"content":48224,"nodeType":883},{"uri":48223},"https://login.pushsecurity.com/",[48225],{"data":48226,"marks":48227,"value":48228,"nodeType":864},{},[],"try the free browser extension",{"data":48230,"marks":48231,"value":6570,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48233,"content":48234,"nodeType":1312},{},[48235],{"data":48236,"marks":48237,"value":48238,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Consider their data sources  ",{"data":48240,"content":48241,"nodeType":860},{},[48242],{"data":48243,"marks":48244,"value":48245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The critical thing to understand when you’re evaluating if a solution will work for you would be understanding what their data sources are, what weaknesses those data sources inherently have, and what aligns best with your goals. We’ve tried to surface some of that information within the use cases in this article.",{"data":48247,"content":48248,"nodeType":860},{},[48249],{"data":48250,"marks":48251,"value":48252,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So if you’re looking at an EDR that says they can discover SaaS usage, they’ll likely be leveraging endpoint data to detect SaaS use. If you’re looking at CASBs that integrate with your proxy, they’re probably looking at network level data – you get the idea.  ",{"data":48254,"content":48255,"nodeType":1312},{},[48256],{"data":48257,"marks":48258,"value":24988,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48260,"content":48261,"nodeType":860},{},[48262],{"data":48263,"marks":48264,"value":48265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To wrap this up, we’re going to summarize some key points and provide some questions to ask yourself, your team, or even the vendor of the solution you’re evaluating, as you consider what combination of efforts or what tool is right for you. ",{"data":48267,"content":48268,"nodeType":860},{},[48269],{"data":48270,"marks":48271,"value":48273,"nodeType":864},{},[48272],{"type":899},"Does this solution provide SaaS discovery?",{"data":48275,"content":48276,"nodeType":941},{},[48277,48287,48297],{"data":48278,"content":48279,"nodeType":945},{},[48280],{"data":48281,"content":48282,"nodeType":860},{},[48283],{"data":48284,"marks":48285,"value":48286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Will this tool find what SaaS apps employees are using, including those you don’t already know about? If so, how? ",{"data":48288,"content":48289,"nodeType":945},{},[48290],{"data":48291,"content":48292,"nodeType":860},{},[48293],{"data":48294,"marks":48295,"value":48296,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Will the tool be able to differentiate between a user visiting a SaaS website, and actually logging into the app? How will it determine who the user is?",{"data":48298,"content":48299,"nodeType":945},{},[48300],{"data":48301,"content":48302,"nodeType":860},{},[48303],{"data":48304,"marks":48305,"value":48306,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If the tool doesn’t provide you with SaaS discovery (finding Shadow IT and the apps employees are using that aren’t on your radar), how will you deal with those apps employees are using without your knowledge?",{"data":48308,"content":48309,"nodeType":860},{},[48310],{"data":48311,"marks":48312,"value":48314,"nodeType":864},{},[48313],{"type":899},"Does the tool provide enough context so you can manage SaaS risk?",{"data":48316,"content":48317,"nodeType":941},{},[48318,48328,48338],{"data":48319,"content":48320,"nodeType":945},{},[48321],{"data":48322,"content":48323,"nodeType":860},{},[48324],{"data":48325,"marks":48326,"value":48327,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Are you getting context about how your users are using apps (are they logging in with social logins or passwords, do they have MFA enabled, are they admins on the app, etc.), or is it only providing generic information about the app?",{"data":48329,"content":48330,"nodeType":945},{},[48331],{"data":48332,"content":48333,"nodeType":860},{},[48334],{"data":48335,"marks":48336,"value":48337,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How will you engage employees that already rely on these SaaS platforms, or want to adopt new apps, can you handle that though email or in-person - or do you need something more scalable?",{"data":48339,"content":48340,"nodeType":945},{},[48341],{"data":48342,"content":48343,"nodeType":860},{},[48344],{"data":48345,"marks":48346,"value":48347,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do you need the ability to apply progressive controls, or simply need the ability to block apps entirely?",{"data":48349,"content":48350,"nodeType":860},{},[48351,48355,48363],{"data":48352,"marks":48353,"value":48354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\nIf you aren’t sure about these questions, why not consider what a ",{"data":48356,"content":48358,"nodeType":883},{"uri":48357},"/product",[48359],{"data":48360,"marks":48361,"value":48362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"user-powered security approach",{"data":48364,"marks":48365,"value":48366,"nodeType":864},{},[]," might look like for your organization.",{"entries":48368},{"block":48369,"inline":48370,"hyperlink":48371},[],[],[48372],{"sys":48373,"__typename":2059,"title":48374,"slug":48375},{"id":48062},"How to roll-your-own SaaS discovery","rolling-your-own-saas-discovery",{"items":48377},[],{},"How to evaluate SaaS security solutions for your company","2022-07-25T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":48382},[48383],{"__typename":2059,"sys":48384,"content":48385,"title":48374,"synopsis":48949,"hashTags":48950,"publishedDate":48956,"slug":48375,"tagsCollection":48957,"authorsCollection":48963},{"id":48062},{"json":48386},{"data":48387,"content":48388,"nodeType":856},{},[48389,48396,48403,48410,48417,48424,48449,48456,48463,48470,48477,48488,48495,48534,48559,48566,48573,48589,48596,48603,48619,48626,48634,48650,48657,48664,48671,48679,48686,48693,48700,48727,48790,48797,48804,48811,48827,48834,48850,48857,48869,48876,48896,48902,48919],{"data":48390,"content":48391,"nodeType":860},{},[48392],{"data":48393,"marks":48394,"value":48395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Over the past few years, there’s been massive growth in the number of SaaS apps used for work. With that comes new challenges – how do you allow employees to take advantage of all the SaaS the world has to offer without locking it all down and stifling innovation? How do you figure out if you can trust all these new third parties with access to your data? Well, the first step is figuring out which apps employees are actually using, so that’s where we’re starting.",{"data":48397,"content":48398,"nodeType":860},{},[48399],{"data":48400,"marks":48401,"value":48402,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve compiled a list of various options and approaches we’ve seen people take to SaaS discovery, each with their own pros and cons. ",{"data":48404,"content":48405,"nodeType":1009},{},[48406],{"data":48407,"marks":48408,"value":48409,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why is SaaS discovery so hard?",{"data":48411,"content":48412,"nodeType":860},{},[48413],{"data":48414,"marks":48415,"value":48416,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\nSomething to note straight off the bat is that with all the data-driven approaches we’re about to cover, you have to know how to extract SaaS use out of that data. That’s one of the reasons SaaS discovery is so hard. With the roll-your-own approaches in this post, you’ll be able to identify some common apps (like Trello, Slack, Dropbox, etc.), but what about all the new or lesser-known apps? Unfortunately, trying to keep track of all the SaaS apps that are available to employees is really difficult. There’s not really a great master list available on the Internet for you to cross-reference with your data.",{"data":48418,"content":48419,"nodeType":860},{},[48420],{"data":48421,"marks":48422,"value":48423,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That means that all of these roll-your-own approaches are dependent on you knowing what you’re looking for. If you must know what SaaS you’re looking for in order to determine if an asset is actually a SaaS app, you’re going to be left with quite a few blindspots given there seem to be new apps launching every day. ",{"data":48425,"content":48426,"nodeType":860},{},[48427,48431,48436,48440,48445],{"data":48428,"marks":48429,"value":48430,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The second hurdle with a roll-your-own discovery approach is differentiating between SaaS ",{"data":48432,"marks":48433,"value":48435,"nodeType":864},{},[48434],{"type":2246},"access",{"data":48437,"marks":48438,"value":48439,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and SaaS ",{"data":48441,"marks":48442,"value":48444,"nodeType":864},{},[48443],{"type":2246},"usage",{"data":48446,"marks":48447,"value":48448,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Just because an employee accesses a SaaS website, it doesn’t mean they’re using their app. Most of the data sources will produce a ton of domains, IPs, etc. for you to sift through, but differentiating access and usage based on this information alone will produce a large number of false positives unless you can correlate it with other data sources (we suggest some below). You will likely also want to know things like exactly who the users, owners and administrators of the app are which will be all but impossible from this “access” data alone.",{"data":48450,"content":48451,"nodeType":860},{},[48452],{"data":48453,"marks":48454,"value":48455,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If we ignore for the moment the difficulties in extracting information about SaaS usage, let’s run through your options for data sources and see which ones will give you the most useful data.",{"data":48457,"content":48458,"nodeType":1009},{},[48459],{"data":48460,"marks":48461,"value":48462,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Collecting financial records",{"data":48464,"content":48465,"nodeType":860},{},[48466],{"data":48467,"marks":48468,"value":48469,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Looking through invoices can provide some visibility into paid SaaS apps, which is probably the lowest false positive data source. However, there are blind spots - you won’t see any free tier or trial accounts, nor will you get any useful business context about who’s using it, how they’re using it, if logins are secure, and what data it has access to. That said, it’s a quick and dirty way to get a partial view of SaaS usage, and might be the best place to start.",{"data":48471,"content":48472,"nodeType":1009},{},[48473],{"data":48474,"marks":48475,"value":48476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Network-level",{"data":48478,"content":48479,"nodeType":860},{},[48480,48483],{"data":48481,"marks":48482,"value":15470,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48484,"marks":48485,"value":48487,"nodeType":864},{},[48486],{"type":2246},"Summary: Network level data is the standard old-school approach. If you already have great network monitoring in place it provides fairly broad visibility. There are some very key limitations especially around inferring usage from access, as well as outside the office visibility problems.",{"data":48489,"content":48490,"nodeType":860},{},[48491],{"data":48492,"marks":48493,"value":48494,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS apps are accessed over a network - and so that seems like a sensible place to start looking for them. What if we just tried looking for all users accessing a SaaS app’s website? Let’s say we want to see if anyone is using e.g. Dropbox, so we do a Google search for all Dropbox domains and we find Dropbox.com, and a few regional domains as well. We then set about finding employees accessing those domains in our network logs - simple! Perhaps not so much…",{"data":48496,"content":48497,"nodeType":860},{},[48498,48502,48506,48510,48515,48519,48523,48527,48531],{"data":48499,"marks":48500,"value":48501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we mentioned in the intro, the best outcome you can hope for is to uncover SaaS ",{"data":48503,"marks":48504,"value":48435,"nodeType":864},{},[48505],{"type":2246},{"data":48507,"marks":48508,"value":48509,"nodeType":864},{},[],", not ",{"data":48511,"marks":48512,"value":48514,"nodeType":864},{},[48513],{"type":2246},"usage.",{"data":48516,"marks":48517,"value":48518,"nodeType":864},{},[]," This might seem like a subtle difference, but SaaS usage is what you want to find, not just information about which employees visited a SaaS website. If you’re looking at all app ",{"data":48520,"marks":48521,"value":48435,"nodeType":864},{},[48522],{"type":2246},{"data":48524,"marks":48525,"value":48526,"nodeType":864},{},[],", you’ll wind up with a massive list of SaaS, with only a portion of it indicating SaaS ",{"data":48528,"marks":48529,"value":48444,"nodeType":864},{},[48530],{"type":2246},{"data":48532,"marks":48533,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48535,"content":48536,"nodeType":860},{},[48537,48541,48546,48550,48555],{"data":48538,"marks":48539,"value":48540,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since you can’t discover app ",{"data":48542,"marks":48543,"value":48545,"nodeType":864},{},[48544],{"type":2246},"usage ",{"data":48547,"marks":48548,"value":48549,"nodeType":864},{},[],"with network data, you’d have to tie network traffic to a single employee to identify the user, then reach out to each employee to understand the business context of how they’re using the app. A network data approach can work ",{"data":48551,"marks":48552,"value":48554,"nodeType":864},{},[48553],{"type":2246},"if",{"data":48556,"marks":48557,"value":48558,"nodeType":864},{},[]," you have time to get that context by asking employees if they’re using the SaaS detected or by corroborating your findings with subscription invoices from the finance team. ",{"data":48560,"content":48561,"nodeType":860},{},[48562],{"data":48563,"marks":48564,"value":48565,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A few ways to collect SaaS data on the network level are ingesting firewall, web proxy and DNS and VPN logs. These inputs can give you some additional visibility into SaaS access, but you may still be left with significant blind spots to actual usage if you assume it all takes place on the corporate network using a VPN. It’s also a painfully tedious process. That said, a manual process still is better than having no SaaS visibility at all. ",{"data":48567,"content":48568,"nodeType":1009},{},[48569],{"data":48570,"marks":48571,"value":48572,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Endpoint-level",{"data":48574,"content":48575,"nodeType":860},{},[48576,48581,48584],{"data":48577,"marks":48578,"value":48580,"nodeType":864},{},[48579],{"type":2246},"Summary: Endpoint",{"data":48582,"marks":48583,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48585,"marks":48586,"value":48588,"nodeType":864},{},[48587],{"type":2246},"data is hard to get, and of limited value. However, it may be useful if you already have this data available in a SIEM or if it’s otherwise easy to query.",{"data":48590,"content":48591,"nodeType":860},{},[48592],{"data":48593,"marks":48594,"value":48595,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Perhaps we’ll get closer to what we need (usage data instead of just access data and a low false positive rate) if we move up a level and get closer to the users? Users are going to be accessing the SaaS apps through some kind of endpoint and there are some things you could use to do discovery if you have some monitoring capability on that endpoint.",{"data":48597,"content":48598,"nodeType":860},{},[48599],{"data":48600,"marks":48601,"value":48602,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, many SaaS apps have desktop or mobile clients (thick clients) you install. You could look for e.g. the Slack client, or the OneDrive sync agent installed on the endpoint. However, many users prefer the in-browser version, so they may not have even installed the thick client and you wouldn’t see their usage by looking at their endpoint data. ",{"data":48604,"content":48605,"nodeType":860},{},[48606,48610,48615],{"data":48607,"marks":48608,"value":48609,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All the good data, the application level data, is in the browser, which is technically on the endpoint but not really accessible ",{"data":48611,"marks":48612,"value":48614,"nodeType":864},{},[48613],{"type":2246},"through the endpoint",{"data":48616,"marks":48617,"value":48618,"nodeType":864},{},[]," without doing something very hacky. Perhaps we need to go a level deeper - either closer to the application or get inside the browser.",{"data":48620,"content":48621,"nodeType":1009},{},[48622],{"data":48623,"marks":48624,"value":48625,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Application-level",{"data":48627,"content":48628,"nodeType":860},{},[48629],{"data":48630,"marks":48631,"value":48633,"nodeType":864},{},[48632],{"type":2246},"Summary: Application level integrations are very useful for discovering unsanctioned SaaS apps that are integrated with the SaaS apps you already know about. But when used in isolation, they have massive blind spots. Application-level data is also a goldmine for finding out how securely employees use the app.",{"data":48635,"content":48636,"nodeType":860},{},[48637,48641,48646],{"data":48638,"marks":48639,"value":48640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Focusing on the SaaS app directly makes a lot of sense if you need to get really high quality usage data. The challenge is that you need to integrate with the SaaS app to get at this data. And you can’t just integrate with an app like Slack or Trello. In general, these integrations must be within a specific account or tenant that your employees are using if you want to see any of their usage or security data. So, if you must already know about the tenant to discover the SaaS - is this approach useless for detecting unknown SaaS? Maybe, ",{"data":48642,"marks":48643,"value":48645,"nodeType":864},{},[48644],{"type":2246},"but ",{"data":48647,"marks":48648,"value":48649,"nodeType":864},{},[],"there are some very useful edge cases.",{"data":48651,"content":48652,"nodeType":860},{},[48653],{"data":48654,"marks":48655,"value":48656,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For instance, integrations with SaaS apps that are known and sanctioned can be very useful, especially with those apps that are identity providers, like Microsoft Azure/365 and Google Workspace. Lots of SaaS apps let users login with another SaaS app, which is called social login or sometimes single sign-on (SSO). When a user does “login using Google” on Salesforce using their corporate Google account, they are actually integrating (in a very limited way) Salesforce with Google Workspace. If you have application-level access (normally by calling the APIs) to known SaaS apps, you can discover these social logins (among other) integrations with other SaaS apps. These SaaS-to-SaaS links then become very useful as a discovery mechanism.",{"data":48658,"content":48659,"nodeType":860},{},[48660],{"data":48661,"marks":48662,"value":48663,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Something else to keep in mind, application-level access to known SaaS can also be incredibly useful for security beyond simple SaaS discovery. You could check authentication controls, like which users don’t have MFA enabled, sharing settings (perhaps the SaaS allows you to share documents publicly), unusual login events, other anomalous behavior, and so on. ",{"data":48665,"content":48666,"nodeType":1009},{},[48667],{"data":48668,"marks":48669,"value":48670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-level  ",{"data":48672,"content":48673,"nodeType":860},{},[48674],{"data":48675,"marks":48676,"value":48678,"nodeType":864},{},[48677],{"type":2246},"Summary: Browser data is as good as you can get for SaaS discovery, but with the downside that you must build and deploy a browser extension to get at it.",{"data":48680,"content":48681,"nodeType":860},{},[48682],{"data":48683,"marks":48684,"value":48685,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What if I told you, you could get application level usage-data beyond what events the applications expose through their APIs without needing to know about the app first or fighting network encryption? The other methods in this guide allow you to get at the data using normal log processing techniques, SIEM queries, or even hacky scripts that call APIs, but there’s one reasonable option for SaaS discovery.",{"data":48687,"content":48688,"nodeType":860},{},[48689],{"data":48690,"marks":48691,"value":48692,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The only real viable way to get at this SaaS usage data is through a browser extension. The big hurdle with this approach is that browser extensions require you to develop an extension and a backend where it can send data…AND you need to deploy that extension to all employees. ",{"data":48694,"content":48695,"nodeType":860},{},[48696],{"data":48697,"marks":48698,"value":48699,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Deploying that browser extension might be as simple as setting the extension to default install itself in all managed browsers - that’s possible if you’re using Google Workspace. In other environments, it may be a bit more of a challenge. Fortunately, browser extensions don’t have the complexity of normal endpoint agents. They don’t have runtime dependencies, aren’t platform dependent, don’t need admin permissions to install, have automatic update mechanisms built-in, and don’t affect performance. At the end of the day, they’re just a special piece of JavaScript running in the browser.",{"data":48701,"content":48702,"nodeType":860},{},[48703,48707,48711,48715,48723],{"data":48704,"marks":48705,"value":48706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you ",{"data":48708,"marks":48709,"value":38960,"nodeType":864},{},[48710],{"type":899},{"data":48712,"marks":48713,"value":48714,"nodeType":864},{},[]," able to get access to the data in the browser (spoiler alert: we provide an easy - and free - out-of-the-box ",{"data":48716,"content":48718,"nodeType":883},{"uri":48717},"/features/saas-discovery/",[48719],{"data":48720,"marks":48721,"value":48722,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser extension for SaaS discovery",{"data":48724,"marks":48725,"value":48726,"nodeType":864},{},[],"), there is almost limitless scope to what you can do with this data. You can observe not only access to SaaS websites, you can also see:",{"data":48728,"content":48729,"nodeType":941},{},[48730,48740,48750,48760,48770,48780],{"data":48731,"content":48732,"nodeType":945},{},[48733],{"data":48734,"content":48735,"nodeType":860},{},[48736],{"data":48737,"marks":48738,"value":48739,"nodeType":864},{},[],"the user login,",{"data":48741,"content":48742,"nodeType":945},{},[48743],{"data":48744,"content":48745,"nodeType":860},{},[48746],{"data":48747,"marks":48748,"value":48749,"nodeType":864},{},[],"whether that login was successful,",{"data":48751,"content":48752,"nodeType":945},{},[48753],{"data":48754,"content":48755,"nodeType":860},{},[48756],{"data":48757,"marks":48758,"value":48759,"nodeType":864},{},[],"whether they used MFA to login, ",{"data":48761,"content":48762,"nodeType":945},{},[48763],{"data":48764,"content":48765,"nodeType":860},{},[48766],{"data":48767,"marks":48768,"value":48769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"which email they used to login, ",{"data":48771,"content":48772,"nodeType":945},{},[48773],{"data":48774,"content":48775,"nodeType":860},{},[48776],{"data":48777,"marks":48778,"value":48779,"nodeType":864},{},[],"whether they are the owner/administrator of the SaaS app tenant, and ",{"data":48781,"content":48782,"nodeType":945},{},[48783],{"data":48784,"content":48785,"nodeType":860},{},[48786],{"data":48787,"marks":48788,"value":48789,"nodeType":864},{},[],"all their behavior and settings in the app. ",{"data":48791,"content":48792,"nodeType":860},{},[48793],{"data":48794,"marks":48795,"value":48796,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Best of all, there is no need to stream all this data to a single collection point where it becomes a privacy nightmare. By writing rules in the extension to look for specific issues, you can flag only security relevant events, redacted or anonymized as far as makes sense. You can even limit the scope to only monitor the app use when the employee logs into the SaaS app using their work account to further avoid employee privacy concerns. ",{"data":48798,"content":48799,"nodeType":860},{},[48800],{"data":48801,"marks":48802,"value":48803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s a quick and easy solution to get the best out of the application and browser data approaches we’ve written about in the last two sections - and that’s with our free tool.",{"data":48805,"content":48806,"nodeType":1009},{},[48807],{"data":48808,"marks":48809,"value":48810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How can Push help?",{"data":48812,"content":48813,"nodeType":860},{},[48814,48818,48823],{"data":48815,"marks":48816,"value":48817,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We found that the most comprehensive approach is to collect data from ",{"data":48819,"marks":48820,"value":48822,"nodeType":864},{},[48821],{"type":2246},"both ",{"data":48824,"marks":48825,"value":48826,"nodeType":864},{},[],"the application and browser level to give you full visibility and actionable security information. With our browser extension, we get full breadth of coverage so you can discover all SaaS usage and with our APIs, you get the depth of coverage you need to understand how employees are using SaaS and if they’re doing so securely. Our combined approach captures SaaS logins and adoption, in real-time, and provides the best visibility and context for security teams. ",{"data":48828,"content":48829,"nodeType":1312},{},[48830],{"data":48831,"marks":48832,"value":48833,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Fixing SaaS security issues automatically by partnering with employees  ",{"data":48835,"content":48836,"nodeType":860},{},[48837,48841,48846],{"data":48838,"marks":48839,"value":48840,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\nWhat we then do with that data is where the magic happens… we can automatically guide employees via ChatOps (Slack and Teams for now, more to come!) to improve SaaS security. Some of those messages will help us enrich our data by asking employees questions they’ll actually know the answers to (",{"data":48842,"marks":48843,"value":48845,"nodeType":864},{},[48844],{"type":2246},"“You logged into Slack from Mexico just now. Are you in Mexico?”",{"data":48847,"marks":48848,"value":48849,"nodeType":864},{},[],"), which provides you with a good snapshot of SaaS usage in your business and lets you make informed security decisions about SaaS use to better manage risks.",{"data":48851,"content":48852,"nodeType":860},{},[48853],{"data":48854,"marks":48855,"value":48856,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employees can also make immediate improvements to your overall security posture. In case you’re curious about what that looks like, some of the prompts we push to employees are things like: ",{"data":48858,"content":48859,"nodeType":860},{},[48860,48865],{"data":48861,"marks":48862,"value":48864,"nodeType":864},{},[48863],{"type":2246},"“We noticed this SaaS app you’re using has access to all your emails, are you still using it?” Y/N.",{"data":48866,"marks":48867,"value":48868,"nodeType":864},{},[]," If not, they can click a button to remove it and you’ll get an immediate reduction of your attack surface. ",{"data":48870,"content":48871,"nodeType":860},{},[48872],{"data":48873,"marks":48874,"value":48875,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Or ",{"data":48877,"content":48878,"nodeType":860},{},[48879,48884,48888,48893],{"data":48880,"marks":48881,"value":48883,"nodeType":864},{},[48882],{"type":2246},"“It looks like you’re not using MFA for your account on this SaaS app. Can we get this set up really quickly?”",{"data":48885,"marks":48886,"value":48887,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or “",{"data":48889,"marks":48890,"value":48892,"nodeType":864},{},[48891],{"type":2246},"An app you installed called ‘Dropbox’ is not the official Dropbox app, click here to remove it and install the verified app instead.”",{"data":48894,"marks":48895,"value":6408,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48897,"content":48901,"nodeType":996},{"target":48898},{"sys":48899},{"id":48900,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"27MpbzErmDfAC3bA4dBibv",[],{"data":48903,"content":48904,"nodeType":860},{},[48905,48909,48916],{"data":48906,"marks":48907,"value":48908,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re interested in learning more, check out how we can ",{"data":48910,"content":48911,"nodeType":883},{"uri":48717},[48912],{"data":48913,"marks":48914,"value":48915,"nodeType":864},{},[],"help you discover SaaS use and secure it",{"data":48917,"marks":48918,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48920,"content":48921,"nodeType":860},{},[48922,48926,48934,48937,48945],{"data":48923,"marks":48924,"value":48925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ll also be publishing a SaaS Discovery Evaluation Guide that will explore all the off-the-shelf tools you may consider and evaluate which one is the best fit for your needs as this really does depend on your tech stack. In that, we’ll share our experiences with those products and discuss what additional coverage and context they can provide, as well as where they fall short. Subscribe to our mailing list and follow us on ",{"data":48927,"content":48929,"nodeType":883},{"uri":48928},"https://twitter.com/PushSecurity",[48930],{"data":48931,"marks":48932,"value":48933,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Twitter @pushsecurity",{"data":48935,"marks":48936,"value":28717,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48938,"content":48940,"nodeType":883},{"uri":48939},"https://www.linkedin.com/company/push-security",[48941],{"data":48942,"marks":48943,"value":48944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"LinkedIn",{"data":48946,"marks":48947,"value":48948,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to get a head’s up when that’s live so you can have a read.","We’ve compiled some methods for discovering SaaS. Lets explore each approach and learn new ways to discover unknown SaaS, capture SaaS use, and secure it.",[48951,48952,48953,48954,48955],"itassetdiscovery","saassecurity","saasdiscovery","sass","cloudfirst","2022-05-03T00:00:00.000+01:00",{"items":48958},[48959,48961],{"sys":48960,"name":4904},{"id":4903},{"sys":48962,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"items":48964},[48965],{"fullName":47989,"firstName":47990,"jobTitle":47991,"profilePicture":48966},{"url":47993},"how-to-find-the-right-saas-security-solution-for-your-organization","blog/how-to-find-the-right-saas-security-solution-for-your-organization",{"json":48970},{"data":48971,"content":48972,"nodeType":856},{},[48973,48980],{"data":48974,"content":48975,"nodeType":860},{},[48976],{"data":48977,"marks":48978,"value":48979,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We break down some major SaaS use cases and match them up with solutions that can address them.\n",{"data":48981,"content":48982,"nodeType":860},{},[48983],{"data":48984,"marks":48985,"value":15470,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this guide, we’ll break down some major SaaS use cases and match them up with solutions that can address them, covering pros and cons for each.\n",{"id":48988,"publishedAt":48989},"4LOMe7ez5adQtwbPireIBc","2026-08-12T11:56:46.440Z",{"items":48991},[48992,48994],{"sys":48993,"name":4904},{"id":4903},{"sys":48995,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"items":48997},[48998,49000,49002,49004,49006],{"sys":48999,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":49001,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":49003,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":49005,"name":306,"slug":307,"tier":45},{"id":303},{"sys":49007,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},"VWBo9cEVIbQGG-GS8nZGwPakcNUOAQ5NoaLdrlVYEp4",1787040118036]