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Shadow AI adoption may now outpace wider shadow SaaS, and attackers are already turning AI chatbot platforms into malware delivery channels. Push has researched the offensive potential of computer-using agents and now applies AI agents to its own threat hunting. This hub covers AI as risk, target, and defensive tool.",22,{"sys":240,"faqItemsCollection":242,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45,"intro":246,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":241},"topic-ai-attacks",{"items":243},[],"AI attacks","ai-attacks","AI attacks run in both directions: attackers using AI to scale phishing, malware delivery, and identity attacks, and AI platforms themselves becoming the attack surface. 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These posts cover both sides — extension-borne risks like browser sync attacks and the limits of risk scoring, and how Push uses its extension to detect threats and block risky extensions.",30,{"sys":293,"faqItemsCollection":295,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31,"intro":299,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":300,"hasPage":19},{"id":294},"topic-browser-security",{"items":296},[],"Browser security","browser-security","Work now happens in the browser, making browser security — visibility and control at the point where users meet the web — a core layer of enterprise defense. Endpoint, network, and email tools miss attacks that unfold inside the browser session, from AiTM phishing to risky extensions and shadow SaaS. Push has published extensively on choosing between enterprise browsers and browser extensions, using browser telemetry, and making the business case for browser security. 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Push detects verified stolen credentials by comparing employee passwords against breach datasets and dark-web threat intelligence, eliminating false positives.",64,{"sys":338,"faqItemsCollection":340,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31,"intro":344,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":345,"hasPage":19},{"id":339},"topic-detection-and-response",{"items":341},[],"Detection & response","detection-and-response","Detection and response is being reshaped as attacks move into the browser, where EDR, SIEM, and network tools have limited visibility. Modern phishing kits evade signature-based detection, and most malicious pages have never been seen before — so technique-level, in-browser detection matters more than known-bad indicators. Push’s work here spans high-fidelity browser telemetry, session token theft detection, and agentic threat hunting, plus practical IR guidance for compromised SaaS accounts and malicious OAuth apps. These posts cover both the philosophy and the workflows.",101,{"sys":347,"faqItemsCollection":349,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45,"intro":353,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":354,"hasPage":19},{"id":348},"topic-detection-engineering",{"items":350},[],"Detection engineering","detection-engineering","Detection engineering turns threat research into reliable, high-fidelity detections — and as AI accelerates the churn of attacker infrastructure, indicator-based detection is collapsing in favor of technique-level approaches. Here you’ll find teardowns of AiTM kits, ClickFix pages, and malvertising campaigns, alongside Push’s own account of building an agentic threat hunting pipeline that turns hunts into shipped detections.",42,{"sys":356,"faqItemsCollection":358,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45,"intro":362,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":357},"topic-device-code-phishing",{"items":359},[],"Device code phishing","device-code-phishing","Device code phishing abuses the OAuth device authorization flow: attackers generate a legitimate sign-in code, trick the victim into entering it on the vendor’s real login page, and walk away with access tokens — no fake site or password capture required. Push research tracked a sharp spike in adoption during 2026 as attackers use the technique to sidestep standard access controls.",{"sys":364,"faqItemsCollection":366,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45,"intro":370,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":365},"topic-dlp",{"items":367},[],"DLP","dlp","Data loss prevention (DLP) is the practice of stopping sensitive data from leaving your control — a problem that has shifted from email and endpoints to the browser, where employees move data into SaaS and AI tools. Push applies controls at that point of use, from keeping corporate credentials out of personal password managers to governing what flows into unsanctioned apps.",15,{"sys":373,"faqItemsCollection":375,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45,"intro":379,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":380,"hasPage":19},{"id":374},"topic-edr",{"items":376},[],"EDR","edr","Endpoint detection and response (EDR) watches processes, files, and memory on the device — a vantage point that never sees the phishing pages, stolen sessions, and identity attacks playing out inside the browser. That’s not an EDR failure; attackers have simply moved where it can’t follow. These posts map that gap and show how Push pairs browser-level detection and response with endpoint security to close it.",24,{"sys":382,"faqItemsCollection":384,"name":386,"slug":387,"tier":45,"intro":388,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":383},"topic-enterprise-browser",{"items":385},[],"Enterprise browser","enterprise-browser","An enterprise browser is a standalone, security-hardened browser that organizations deploy in place of Chrome, Edge, or other defaults. The real buying question is whether replacing the browser beats securing the browsers employees already use — a trade-off these posts examine directly, alongside analysis of Omdia’s secure enterprise browser market report and Push’s framework for weighing full browsers against extension-based deployment.",6,{"sys":391,"faqItemsCollection":393,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45,"intro":397,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":392},"topic-ghost-logins",{"items":394},[],"Ghost logins","ghost-logins","Ghost logins are overlooked authentication routes into an account — like a password login lingering behind SSO, or a forgotten secondary auth method — that attackers exploit for account takeover and persistence. Push coined the term after research showing how these forgotten login paths let attackers sidestep the MFA and SSO controls guarding an account’s primary sign-in method.",48,{"sys":400,"faqItemsCollection":402,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45,"intro":406,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":407,"hasPage":19},{"id":401},"topic-identity-attacks",{"items":403},[],"Identity attacks","identity-attacks","Identity attacks target user accounts rather than infrastructure — phishing credentials, stealing sessions, abusing OAuth grants — because logging in is easier than hacking in. Identity-based techniques are now the leading cause of breaches. Push’s offensive research maps these techniques continuously, coining attacks like SAMLjacking and the poisoned tenant before they appeared in the wild.",56,{"sys":409,"faqItemsCollection":411,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31,"intro":415,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":416,"hasPage":19},{"id":410},"topic-identity-security",{"items":412},[],"Identity security","identity-security","Identity security is the practice of protecting workforce accounts, credentials, and sessions — the primary route attackers now use to breach organizations. Instead of hacking in, attackers log in: through phished credentials, stolen session tokens, MFA bypass, and forgotten ghost logins. Push’s research team documents these techniques continuously, from cross-IdP impersonation and SAMLjacking to analyses of major identity-driven breaches. This hub collects that research alongside practical guidance on MFA, SSO, and stopping account takeover.",154,{"sys":418,"faqItemsCollection":420,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45,"intro":424,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":425,"hasPage":19},{"id":419},"topic-infostealer",{"items":421},[],"Infostealer","infostealer","Infostealers are malware built to harvest saved passwords, cookies, and session tokens from infected devices, supplying the stolen credentials behind some of the most consequential breaches of recent years. Push traces the ecosystem trading this data and checks employee passwords against threat intel feeds, flagging verified stolen credentials before attackers can log in with them.",52,{"sys":427,"faqItemsCollection":429,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45,"intro":433,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":434,"hasPage":19},{"id":428},"topic-legitimate-service-abuse",{"items":430},[],"Legitimate service abuse","legitimate-service-abuse","Legitimate service abuse means staging attacks on trusted platforms — Google Ads, AI chatbot share pages, office.com links, Slack, SaaS tenants — so malicious content inherits the reputation of the service hosting it. Push research has documented the pattern repeatedly, from malvertising run through hijacked Google Ad Manager accounts to phishing links generated by Active Directory Federation Services.",28,{"sys":436,"faqItemsCollection":438,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45,"intro":442,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":291,"hasPage":19},{"id":437},"topic-malvertising",{"items":439},[],"Malvertising","malvertising","Malvertising uses paid search and display ads to put phishing pages and malware in front of users, often by impersonating trusted brands at the top of Google results. Push tracks these campaigns continuously — intercepting live attacks spoofing well-known brands — and has documented how criminals hijack Google Ads accounts to fund and run them.",{"sys":444,"faqItemsCollection":446,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45,"intro":450,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":445},"topic-malware-delivery",{"items":447},[],"Malware delivery","malware-delivery","Malware delivery has moved into the browser: rather than email attachments, attackers now rely on malvertising, fake install guides, and ClickFix-style copy-paste lures to get code running on endpoints. Push research on techniques like InstallFix maps the playbook, and in-browser detection of malicious copy and paste blocks these attacks before commands reach the endpoint.",13,{"sys":453,"faqItemsCollection":455,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45,"intro":459,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":460,"hasPage":19},{"id":454},"topic-mfa",{"items":456},[],"MFA","mfa","Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires a second proof of identity beyond a password, and it remains one of the most effective controls against account takeover. Regulators from Cyber Essentials to NYDFS now mandate it across cloud services. Push enforces MFA in the browser on third-party apps — even those with no native enforcement option — and shows security teams where coverage gaps remain.",83,{"sys":462,"faqItemsCollection":464,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45,"intro":468,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":469,"hasPage":19},{"id":463},"topic-mfa-bypass",{"items":465},[],"MFA bypass","mfa-bypass","MFA bypass covers the techniques attackers use to defeat multi-factor authentication — AiTM phishing kits, consent phishing, device code phishing, and MFA downgrade attacks among them. None of these break the second factor; they route around it. Push researchers regularly get hands-on with phishing kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA, analyzing how these attacks work in the wild and how they evolve.",58,{"sys":471,"faqItemsCollection":473,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45,"intro":477,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":478,"hasPage":19},{"id":472},"topic-non-email-phishing",{"items":474},[],"Non-email phishing","non-email-phishing","Non-email phishing delivers malicious links through channels your secure email gateway never sees — social media messages, IM apps like Slack and Teams, search ads, and SMS. Push has intercepted live campaigns arriving via LinkedIn DMs, malvertising, and messaging platforms, which is why it detects phishing pages in the browser at the point of click, regardless of delivery channel.",51,{"sys":480,"faqItemsCollection":482,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45,"intro":486,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":487,"hasPage":19},{"id":481},"topic-oauth-abuse",{"items":483},[],"OAuth abuse","oauth-abuse","OAuth abuse is attackers exploiting app-to-app authorization — consent phishing, malicious OAuth apps, stolen tokens, and device code flows — to gain persistent access to cloud tenants without touching a password or MFA prompt. Push tracks these techniques continuously and discovered ConsentFix, a browser-native attack in the wild that pairs OAuth consent phishing with a ClickFix-style prompt.",70,{"sys":489,"faqItemsCollection":491,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45,"intro":495,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":496,"hasPage":19},{"id":490},"topic-passkeys",{"items":492},[],"Passkeys","passkeys","Passkeys are phishing-resistant credentials that replace passwords with cryptographic key pairs bound to a user’s device. They defeat conventional credential phishing, but attackers adapt: Push research has documented MFA downgrade, app-specific password phishing, and device code phishing being used in the wild to route around passkey-protected accounts. Deploying passkeys is step one; closing those fallback paths is step two.",21,{"sys":498,"faqItemsCollection":500,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45,"intro":504,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":505,"hasPage":19},{"id":499},"topic-password-security",{"items":501},[],"Password security","password-security","Password security is the practice of keeping workforce credentials strong, unique, and out of attackers’ hands — still a frontline defense while most SaaS logins depend on passwords. Expiration policies don’t fix weak or reused passwords; visibility does. Push observes real logins in the browser to flag weak, reused, and breached passwords and guide employees to reset them on any app.",79,{"sys":507,"faqItemsCollection":509,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45,"intro":513,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":318,"hasPage":19},{"id":508},"topic-phaas",{"items":510},[],"PhaaS","phaas","Phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) platforms sell ready-made phishing kits, hosted infrastructure, and management panels on subscription, letting low-skill criminals run MFA-bypassing campaigns at scale. Kits like Evilginx, Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, and EvilTokens each add their own evasion and session-theft capabilities, and new entrants appear regularly. Push researchers continuously get hands-on with these tools — investigating attacks in the wild, reverse-engineering kit behavior, and turning that research into detections.",{"sys":515,"faqItemsCollection":517,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31,"intro":521,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":522,"hasPage":19},{"id":516},"topic-phishing",{"items":518},[],"Phishing","phishing","Phishing remains the most common way attackers compromise business accounts — and it has moved far beyond suspicious emails. Modern campaigns use AiTM toolkits that bypass MFA, consent phishing against OAuth, device code phishing, and lures delivered through malvertising, LinkedIn, and Slack. Push detects and blocks these attacks in the browser, and its researchers publish teardowns of live campaigns and kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA. Read on for how phishing actually works today and what stops it.",91,{"sys":524,"faqItemsCollection":526,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45,"intro":530,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":531,"hasPage":19},{"id":525},"topic-public-breach",{"items":527},[],"Public breach","public-breach","Public breaches are the disclosed incidents that show how attacks actually unfold once the headlines fade. Push’s breach analyses keep finding identity at the entry point: stolen credentials, OAuth abuse, and missing MFA recur across the incidents analyzed here.",29,{"sys":533,"faqItemsCollection":535,"name":537,"slug":538,"tier":45,"intro":539,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":534},"topic-ransomware",{"items":536},[],"Ransomware","ransomware","Ransomware attacks increasingly begin with an identity, not an exploit: stolen credentials, MFA bypass, and help desk scams give operators their initial foothold. The analysis here follows that front end of the kill chain — how identity compromise leads to ransomware deployment, and the breaches driving regulators toward tighter MFA requirements.",{"sys":541,"faqItemsCollection":543,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31,"intro":547,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":548,"hasPage":19},{"id":542},"topic-saas-security",{"items":544},[],"SaaS security","saas-security","SaaS security means protecting the sprawl of cloud apps, accounts, and integrations your employees adopt — often without IT ever knowing. Shadow SaaS, risky OAuth grants, ghost logins, and unmanaged third-party access create attack paths traditional controls can’t see, as recent high-profile breaches have demonstrated. Building on the original SaaS attack matrix, Push continues to map SaaS-native attack techniques alongside practical guides for discovering and securing unsanctioned apps, and this hub gathers all of it.",96,{"sys":550,"faqItemsCollection":552,"name":554,"slug":555,"tier":45,"intro":556,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":551},"topic-security-training",{"items":553},[],"Security training","security-training","Security training aims to teach employees to recognize and avoid attacks — yet modern phishing routinely fools even seasoned security professionals. Push argues that training budgets work harder as real-time, in-browser intervention: guardrails and warnings at the moment of risk, rather than lessons employees must recall under pressure.",4,{"sys":559,"faqItemsCollection":561,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45,"intro":565,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":560},"topic-seo-poisoning",{"items":562},[],"SEO poisoning","seo-poisoning","SEO poisoning manipulates search engine results so malicious pages rank prominently for the software, tools, or services users are actively searching for, turning a routine search into an infection vector. It often pairs with malvertising and ClickFix-style payloads — Push has documented attackers abusing shared pages on legitimate AI chatbot domains to deliver malware from trusted infrastructure.",{"sys":567,"faqItemsCollection":569,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45,"intro":573,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":574,"hasPage":19},{"id":568},"topic-session-hijacking",{"items":570},[],"Session hijacking","session-hijacking","Session hijacking is the theft of an authenticated session — usually via stolen session cookies or tokens — letting attackers walk past passwords and MFA into a live account. AiTM phishing kits and infostealers have made it a mainstream attack technique across both criminal and targeted intrusions. Push’s browser agent detects session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string, creating a high-fidelity signal for security teams.",74,{"sys":576,"faqItemsCollection":578,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45,"intro":582,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":583,"hasPage":19},{"id":577},"topic-shadow-ai",{"items":579},[],"Shadow AI","shadow-ai","Shadow AI is employees’ unsanctioned use of AI tools at work, putting corporate data into chatbots and assistants that security teams never approved and can’t see. Push’s own browser telemetry shows AI adoption acting as a force multiplier for shadow IT — potentially now outscaling shadow SaaS — and this hub tracks that research, real-world breach examples, and practical controls.",20,{"sys":585,"faqItemsCollection":587,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45,"intro":591,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":592,"hasPage":19},{"id":586},"topic-shadow-saas",{"items":588},[],"Shadow SaaS","shadow-saas","Shadow SaaS is the cloud applications employees adopt for work without IT approval, each one creating unmanaged accounts, identities, and data outside your security controls. Push covers the problem end to end — from browser-based SaaS discovery to in-browser app banners and MFA enforcement — alongside breach analyses that show where unmanaged accounts lead.",75,{"sys":594,"faqItemsCollection":596,"name":598,"slug":599,"tier":45,"intro":600,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":601,"hasPage":19},{"id":595},"topic-siem",{"items":597},[],"SIEM","siem","A SIEM is only as good as the telemetry feeding it, and most log sources never see what happens inside the browser — where phishing, session token theft, and account takeover actually play out. Push streams browser-level detections and identity telemetry into SIEMs, and these posts show how that data improves detection fidelity and cuts alert fatigue.",19,{"sys":603,"faqItemsCollection":605,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45,"intro":609,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":610,"hasPage":19},{"id":604},"topic-social-engineering",{"items":606},[],"Social engineering","social-engineering","Social engineering is the manipulation of people — through phishing pages, help desk impersonation, vishing calls, and poisoned tenant invites — into handing over access that no exploit could take. Coverage here tracks how threat actors run these plays — drawing on Push’s ongoing investigation of live phishing infrastructure and criminal tooling.",59,{"sys":612,"faqItemsCollection":614,"name":616,"slug":617,"tier":31,"intro":618,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":613},"topic-supply-chain-security",{"items":615},[],"Supply chain security","supply-chain-security","Supply chain security extends beyond your own perimeter to the vendors, platforms, and browser extensions your organization depends on. A compromised third party can hand attackers legitimate access — as recent campaigns against SaaS providers have shown. Push’s research examines the browser-extension supply chain in particular: why extension risk scores fail to predict compromise, and how developers can harden extensions against takeover. These posts frame supply chain risk through a browser and identity lens.",{"sys":620,"faqItemsCollection":622,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45,"intro":626,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":627,"hasPage":19},{"id":621},"topic-swg",{"items":623},[],"SWG","swg","A secure web gateway (SWG) filters and inspects web traffic in transit, sitting in the network path between users and the internet. That position shows you the packet but not the session: Push’s research on AitM phishing kits documents how attackers break the signatures proxies rely on, and these posts explain why phishing detection is moving from the network path into the browser itself.",17,{"sys":629,"faqItemsCollection":631,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45,"intro":635,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":636,"hasPage":19},{"id":630},"topic-third-party-risk",{"items":632},[],"Third-party risk","third-party-risk","Third-party risk is the exposure your organization inherits from vendors, SaaS providers, and integrations that hold your data or access your tenants — a chain now extended one employee sign-up at a time. This hub collects Push’s breach analyses and guides for assessing OAuth integrations, managing browser extensions, and responding when a supplier is compromised.",44,{"sys":638,"faqItemsCollection":640,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31,"intro":644,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":639},"topic-threat-landscape",{"items":641},[],"Threat landscape","threat-landscape","The enterprise threat landscape is now defined by identity attacks: criminals log in with phished, stolen, or stuffed credentials rather than breaking infrastructure. Threat actors keep proving how effective help desk scams, MFA bypass, and session theft are against well-defended organizations. Drawing on breach analyses, annual phishing trend reviews, and in-the-wild campaign tracking, Push documents how attacker TTPs are shifting. This hub is where to follow those changes.",{"sys":646,"faqItemsCollection":648,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45,"intro":652,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":647},"topic-vishing",{"items":649},[],"Vishing","vishing","Vishing — voice phishing — uses phone calls to impersonate IT support, help desks, or employees, talking targets into password resets, MFA approvals, or opening attacker-controlled pages. Threat actors now routinely pair calls with AiTM phishing to hijack SSO accounts, a chain Push has analyzed across campaigns targeting hundreds of organizations.",{},"blogtopics","w0ITersBlkytyrxHNkTEFmGsSW5X9NfdbmeXV1u8bAo",[657,661,665,669,673],{"title":658,"logo":659,"createdDate":660},"SOC2","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fb6727a5e00004d6e9e69fc3068b8b64c",1784291539953,{"title":662,"logo":663,"createdDate":664},"GDPR","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Ffe49f53211674deaa5a6640d929cdf42?format=webp",1784291672535,{"title":666,"logo":667,"createdDate":668},"Cyber essentials","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F53558c1045a342a7a28def960cd54ae7?format=webp",1784291702710,{"title":670,"logo":671,"createdDate":672},"ISO IEC 27001","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F578a404a61cf45db951a41fe3554d12d",1784291766222,{"title":674,"logo":675,"createdDate":676},"ISO IEC 27701","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fbe219844b13242fbba531959579a753c",1784291858848,[678,730,775],{"id":679,"label":680,"text":21,"navIcon":681,"items":682},"stop-browser-based-attacks","Stop browser-based attacks","solid:faShieldHalved",[683,688,693,698,703,708,712,717,721,725],{"title":684,"text":685,"url":686,"navIcon":687},"Adversary-in-the-Middle","Detect and block AiTM proxies stealing session tokens.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/adversary-in-the-middle-attacks","solid:faUserSecret",{"title":689,"text":690,"url":691,"navIcon":692},"ClickFix (+Fix variants)","Block attacks that trick users into running malicious code.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/clickfix-fix-variants","sharp-regular:faLaptopCode",{"title":694,"text":695,"url":696,"navIcon":697},"Malicious OAuth integrations","Detect suspicious OAuth consent flows and stop persistent access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-oauth-integrations","solid:faPlugCircleXmark",{"title":699,"text":700,"url":701,"navIcon":702},"Malicious browser extensions","Shine a light on risky browser extensions.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-browser-extensions","sharp-regular:faPuzzlePiece",{"title":704,"text":705,"url":706,"navIcon":707},"Malicious file downloads","Gain visibility into browser downloads and block malicious files.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-file-downloads","solid:faFileCircleXmark",{"title":395,"text":709,"url":710,"navIcon":711},"Surface hidden login paths that bypass SSO and expose accounts.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/ghost-logins","solid:faGhost",{"title":713,"text":714,"url":715,"navIcon":716},"Mobile phishing (QR & SMS)","Detect phishing links delivered via SMS and QR codes.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/mobile-phishing-qr-code-sms","solid:faQrcode",{"title":333,"text":718,"url":719,"navIcon":720},"Identify reused and compromised credentials across SaaS logins.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/credential-stuffing","custom:credentialStuffing",{"title":571,"text":722,"url":723,"navIcon":724},"Detect and block stolen session tokens before attackers get access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/session-hijacking","solid:faCookieBite",{"title":726,"text":727,"url":728,"navIcon":729},"Zero-day phishing","Detect phishing TTPs directly in the browser and stop credential theft.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/zero-day-phishing","sharp-regular:faFishingRod",{"id":731,"label":732,"text":21,"navIcon":733,"items":734},"achieve-security-outcomes","Achieve security outcomes","solid:faCheckToSlot",[735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770],{"title":736,"text":737,"url":738,"navIcon":739},"Stop account takeover","Stop ATO with stolen credential and compromised token detection.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/stop-account-takeover","sharp-regular:faUserSecret",{"title":741,"text":742,"url":743,"navIcon":744},"Harden unmanaged identities","Harden access paths with visibility, detection, and guardrails.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/harden-unmanaged-identities","sharp-regular:faRadar",{"title":746,"text":747,"url":748,"navIcon":749},"Investigate browser-related incidents","Investigate and respond faster with unique browser telemetry.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-browser-related-incidents","sharp-regular:faSatelliteDish",{"title":751,"text":752,"url":753,"navIcon":754},"Secure shadow SaaS","See and control shadow SaaS in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-shadow-saas","sharp-regular:faShieldCheck",{"title":756,"text":757,"url":758,"navIcon":759},"Secure AI","See and control AI apps in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-ai","sharp-regular:faBrainCircuit",{"title":761,"text":762,"url":763,"navIcon":764},"Secure BYOD","Extend consistent browser-based protection to unmanaged devices.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-bring-your-own-device","solid:faMobileScreenButton",{"title":766,"text":767,"url":768,"navIcon":769},"Secure Chromebooks","Secure browser activity on Chromebooks without endpoint agents.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-chromebooks","brands:faChrome",{"title":771,"text":772,"url":773,"navIcon":774},"Investigate and stop data loss","Detect and prevent data loss across AI tools, apps, and sessions.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-and-stop-data-loss","custom:investigateAndStopDataLoss",{"id":776,"label":777,"text":21,"navIcon":778,"items":779},"tool-replacements","Tool replacements","solid:faScrewdriverWrench",[780,785,790,795],{"title":781,"text":782,"url":783,"navIcon":784},"Remote browser isolation","Detect attacks that look like normal browsing.","/solution/tool-replacements/remote-browser-isolation","solid:faDisplay",{"title":786,"text":787,"url":788,"navIcon":789},"Secure web gateways","Detect attacks inside the browser after SWGs allowed the connection.","/solution/tool-replacements/secure-web-gateways","solid:faFilter",{"title":791,"text":792,"url":793,"navIcon":794},"Cloud access security broker","Catch browser-based identity threats in real time, not after the fact.","/solution/tool-replacements/cloud-access-security-broker","solid:faCloudArrowUp",{"title":796,"text":797,"url":798,"navIcon":799},"Security awareness training","Block real phishing instead of training users on simulations.","/solution/tool-replacements/security-awareness-training","custom:securityAwareness",{"w":801,"h":802,"d":803},448,512,"M171-16c-36.4 0-57.8 58.3-68.3 112L72 96c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24s10.7 24 24 24l24 0 0 32c0 17 3.3 33.2 9.3 48l-9.3 0 0 0-20.5 0c-15.2 0-27.5 12.3-27.5 27.5 0 3 .5 5.9 1.4 8.7l28.9 86.6C40.2 379.6 16 428.1 16 482.3 16 498.7 29.3 512 45.7 512l356.6 0c16.4 0 29.7-13.3 29.7-29.7 0-54.2-24.2-102.7-62.3-135.4l28.9-86.6c.9-2.8 1.4-5.7 1.4-8.7 0-15.2-12.3-27.5-27.5-27.5l-20.5 0 0 0-9.3 0c6-14.8 9.3-31 9.3-48l0-32 24 0c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24l-30.7 0c-10.4-53.7-31.9-112-68.3-112-9.6 0-19 3.9-27.5 8.2-8.2 4.1-18.4 7.8-25.5 7.8s-17.3-3.7-25.5-7.8C190-12.1 180.6-16 171-16zm93.7 484.4l-24.8-70.9 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24 24 24s24-10.7 24-24l0-102.1 31 31c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0s9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-72-72z",[843,4943,6198,9480,13365,16560,19498,23130,26663,29359,32642,35624,38262,41283,47495,48976,49957,51780,52558,53322],{"id":844,"title":845,"authorsCollection":846,"content":854,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":1864,"faqTitle":2052,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":2053,"metaTitle":2054,"ogImage":59,"postType":59,"publishedDate":2055,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":2056,"slug":4882,"stem":4883,"subtitle":4884,"summary":4885,"synopsis":4895,"sys":4896,"tagsCollection":4899,"topicsCollection":4908,"__hash__":4942},"blog/blog/shadow-ai-how-to-discover-govern-and-secure-ai-apps.json","Shadow AI: how to discover, govern, and secure AI apps",{"items":847},[848],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":852},"Kelly Davenport","Kelly","Product Team",{"url":853},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1hi8bEuVfn5sF57LivAq6d/9a3b82426c697d765e2e450e33a18424/kelly_profile_pic.jpeg",{"json":855,"links":1710},{"nodeType":856,"data":857,"content":858},"document",{},[859,868,875,926,933,940,995,1004,1008,1017,1024,1036,1042,1054,1060,1072,1078,1081,1089,1096,1115,1126,1133,1140,1143,1151,1158,1183,1189,1196,1212,1228,1234,1250,1266,1273,1280,1287,1293,1296,1304,1311,1319,1326,1342,1349,1374,1380,1387,1393,1405,1412,1418,1424,1427,1435,1442,1461,1468,1476,1483,1495,1511,1517,1529,1563,1570,1586,1592,1608,1615,1622,1625,1633,1640,1647,1654,1661,1668,1675,1678,1685,1692],{"nodeType":860,"data":861,"content":862},"paragraph",{},[863],{"nodeType":864,"value":865,"marks":866,"data":867},"text","Every security team that's blocked an AI tool at the network level has had the same experience three months later: The tool they blocked isn't in use, but a dozen they've never heard of are.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":869,"content":870},{},[871],{"nodeType":864,"value":872,"marks":873,"data":874},"The block didn't stop employees from using AI. It just prevented the security team from seeing what’s actually happening.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":876,"content":877},{},[878,882,891,895,901,905,910,914,922],{"nodeType":864,"value":879,"marks":880,"data":881},"The data backs up this pattern. ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":884,"content":886},"hyperlink",{"uri":885},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai/",[887],{"nodeType":864,"value":888,"marks":889,"data":890},"Push telemetry",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":892,"marks":893,"data":894}," shows that the average organization has ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":896,"marks":897,"data":900},"16 AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions,",[898],{"type":899},"bold",{},{"nodeType":864,"value":902,"marks":903,"data":904}," and ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":906,"marks":907,"data":909},"17 AI OAuth integrations",[908],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":911,"marks":912,"data":913}," in active use during a typical week — most unapproved. Meanwhile, ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":915,"content":917},{"uri":916},"https://www.okta.com/newsroom/articles/ai-agents-at-work-2026-agentic-enterprise-security/",[918],{"nodeType":864,"value":919,"marks":920,"data":921},"Okta found",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":923,"marks":924,"data":925}," that 80% of employees who use unapproved AI tools do so because it's easier to use their own accounts, and 57% because the approval process is too slow.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":927,"content":928},{},[929],{"nodeType":864,"value":930,"marks":931,"data":932},"The organizations getting this right have stopped treating AI governance as an access-control problem — which tools to allow, which to block — and started treating it as an invitation to build out an infrastructure to enable appropriate use. Employees are going to use the tools they need to get their work done. The question is whether they'll use them on a path you built and instrumented, or on one they carved themselves.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":934,"content":935},{},[936],{"nodeType":864,"value":937,"marks":938,"data":939},"This guide walks through how to build that paved path. Using Push, you can:",[],{},{"nodeType":941,"data":942,"content":943},"unordered-list",{},[944,955,965,975,985],{"nodeType":945,"data":946,"content":947},"list-item",{},[948],{"nodeType":860,"data":949,"content":950},{},[951],{"nodeType":864,"value":952,"marks":953,"data":954},"Identify shadow AI, including personal accounts on approved corporate apps, AI browser extensions, OAuth integrations into sensitive systems, and AI browser usage.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":956,"content":957},{},[958],{"nodeType":860,"data":959,"content":960},{},[961],{"nodeType":864,"value":962,"marks":963,"data":964},"Enforce policies on data flows into and out of AI apps, including blocking unapproved file uploads, downloads, and clipboard pastes; and monitoring AI chat transcripts.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":966,"content":967},{},[968],{"nodeType":860,"data":969,"content":970},{},[971],{"nodeType":864,"value":972,"marks":973,"data":974},"Use just-in-time guardrails to intercept users accessing unapproved AI tools and point them at approved alternatives.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":976,"content":977},{},[978],{"nodeType":860,"data":979,"content":980},{},[981],{"nodeType":864,"value":982,"marks":983,"data":984},"Prevent unwanted MCP connections with app-agnostic controls.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":986,"content":987},{},[988],{"nodeType":860,"data":989,"content":990},{},[991],{"nodeType":864,"value":992,"marks":993,"data":994},"Automate a lot of the work so you don’t burn out your team as the AI landscape continues to shift.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":997,"content":1003},"embedded-entry-block",{"target":998},{"sys":999},{"id":1000,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"29N8YH9As3GHypOve3br80","Link","Entry",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1006,"content":1007},"hr",{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1010,"content":1011},"heading-1",{},[1012],{"nodeType":864,"value":1013,"marks":1014,"data":1016},"What is shadow AI, and why can't you manage it like shadow IT?",[1015],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1018,"content":1019},{},[1020],{"nodeType":864,"value":1021,"marks":1022,"data":1023},"Shadow AI is any use of AI tools, services, or integrations that happens outside an organization's security governance and visibility. Security teams have been managing shadow SaaS for years, but shadow AI can't be addressed with the same playbook — for three reasons.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1025,"content":1026},{},[1027,1032],{"nodeType":864,"value":1028,"marks":1029,"data":1031},"First",[1030],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1033,"marks":1034,"data":1035},", it spans multiple categories that each need different controls: unapproved AI apps, personal accounts on approved corporate AI tools, AI browser extensions, and OAuth integrations into corporate systems. Blocking unapproved apps doesn't address personal accounts on approved ones, and neither solves the extension or OAuth problem. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1037,"content":1041},{"target":1038},{"sys":1039},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2hsKQ9DEspflhmtR0bE7QY",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1043,"content":1044},{},[1045,1050],{"nodeType":864,"value":1046,"marks":1047,"data":1049},"Second",[1048],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1051,"marks":1052,"data":1053},", the tools most organizations rely on to manage shadow SaaS — SWGs, CASBs, EDR, IdP logs — are structurally blind to shadow AI. An SWG sees that someone visited an AI domain but can't tell you whether they logged in, pasted source code into a prompt, or granted OAuth access to your Google Workspace tenant. EDR doesn't see browser-layer activity at all. IdP logs capture OAuth grants routed through the identity provider but miss tools accessed via direct signup or personal accounts. Instead, the activity security teams need to see happens primarily inside the browser.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1055,"content":1059},{"target":1056},{"sys":1057},{"id":1058,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1vE0dyAKdnTSjyAJ4Xoadd",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1061,"content":1062},{},[1063,1068],{"nodeType":864,"value":1064,"marks":1065,"data":1067},"Third",[1066],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1069,"marks":1070,"data":1071},", the risk profile is different. Shadow AI tools increasingly function as hubs — connected via OAuth integrations and MCP to email, cloud storage, code repositories, and other high-value systems. They leak sensitive data outward (employees paste source code, credentials, and internal documents into prompts daily) while simultaneously expanding the attack surface inward (compromise a single AI app and an attacker inherits whatever access the employee granted it, turning one ungoverned tool into a pivot point across the SaaS estate). ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1073,"content":1077},{"target":1074},{"sys":1075},{"id":1076,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ldZ23OORTu7INBfSnE7R7",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1079,"content":1080},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1082,"content":1083},{},[1084],{"nodeType":864,"value":1085,"marks":1086,"data":1088},"Why blocking AI usage fails",[1087],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1090,"content":1091},{},[1092],{"nodeType":864,"value":1093,"marks":1094,"data":1095},"The instinct to block AI tools makes sense. Executives are asking about AI risk to the business, a new tool appears every week, and blocking unapproved apps feels like a quick way to stop the bleeding.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1097,"content":1098},{},[1099,1103,1111],{"nodeType":864,"value":1100,"marks":1101,"data":1102},"Unfortunately, blocking doesn't work for long. The latest security frameworks — including the ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1104,"content":1106},{"uri":1105},"https://www.sans.org/mlp/2026-ai-security-maturity-model-ebook",[1107],{"nodeType":864,"value":1108,"marks":1109,"data":1110},"SANS AI Security Maturity Model",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1112,"marks":1113,"data":1114}," — all agree: Block-based AI policies drive usage underground rather than preventing it. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1116,"data":1117,"content":1118},"blockquote",{},[1119],{"nodeType":860,"data":1120,"content":1121},{},[1122],{"nodeType":864,"value":1123,"marks":1124,"data":1125},"A block-based AI policy may feel like risk management, but practitioner experience shows that it typically drives AI usage underground rather than preventing it. The goal is not to eliminate AI use; it is to bring it into visibility where it can be governed.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1127,"content":1128},{},[1129],{"nodeType":864,"value":1130,"marks":1131,"data":1132},"These kinds of barricades also fail for a structural reason: They're built on the network perimeter, and AI usage doesn't cross the perimeter in ways network tools can inspect.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1134,"content":1135},{},[1136],{"nodeType":864,"value":1137,"marks":1138,"data":1139},"The most damaging consequence of blocking isn't the workarounds themselves — it's the loss of visibility. To begin building a better path for employees, you have to start with seeing what's actually happening.",[],{},{"nodeType":1005,"data":1141,"content":1142},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1144,"content":1145},{},[1146],{"nodeType":864,"value":1147,"marks":1148,"data":1150},"Using Push to discover, govern, and control shadow AI",[1149],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1152,"content":1153},{},[1154],{"nodeType":864,"value":1155,"marks":1156,"data":1157},"Push Security is a browser security platform that gets you the vantage point you need to start addressing shadow AI. Push deploys as a lightweight extension to employees' existing browsers rather than requiring a full browser migration, giving security teams visibility into browser-layer activity that network and endpoint tools structurally lack.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1159,"content":1160},{},[1161,1165,1170,1174,1179],{"nodeType":864,"value":1162,"marks":1163,"data":1164},"Push discovers AI tools through ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1166,"marks":1167,"data":1169},"automatic",[1168],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1171,"marks":1172,"data":1173}," ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1175,"marks":1176,"data":1178},"app discovery",[1177],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1180,"marks":1181,"data":1182},", allowing you to identify applications from actual browser login events rather than network traffic logs. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1184,"content":1188},{"target":1185},{"sys":1186},{"id":1187,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4eTkgU2dxhMueHPiwuCWDl",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1190,"content":1191},{},[1192],{"nodeType":864,"value":1193,"marks":1194,"data":1195},"When an employee signs into a new AI service, Push registers the authentication event, identifies the application, and logs how the employee authenticated — corporate SSO, OIDC, a standalone password, or a personal account. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1197,"content":1198},{},[1199,1203,1208],{"nodeType":864,"value":1200,"marks":1201,"data":1202},"Push then applies ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1204,"marks":1205,"data":1207},"app categories ",[1206],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1209,"marks":1210,"data":1211},"automatically, classifying the discovered application by type without requiring security teams to build or maintain manual lists.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1213,"content":1214},{},[1215,1219,1224],{"nodeType":864,"value":1216,"marks":1217,"data":1218},"Push extends the same discovery across the other three shadow AI dimensions. The platform’s ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1220,"marks":1221,"data":1223},"browser extension discovery ",[1222],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1225,"marks":1226,"data":1227},"capability catalogs every AI-related extension installed across the workforce, including the specific permissions each extension has requested (access to page content, browsing history, clipboard data), allowing you to review whether those permission combinations could enable data exfiltration or account takeover. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1229,"content":1233},{"target":1230},{"sys":1231},{"id":1232,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1z56sTWWN9E35dE3HhbRNY",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1235,"content":1236},{},[1237,1241,1246],{"nodeType":864,"value":1238,"marks":1239,"data":1240},"Push’s ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1242,"marks":1243,"data":1245},"OAuth integration discovery",[1244],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1247,"marks":1248,"data":1249}," identifies OAuth connections between AI tools and corporate systems — the grants that create persistent API-level access to platforms like Google Workspace.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1251,"content":1252},{},[1253,1257,1262],{"nodeType":864,"value":1254,"marks":1255,"data":1256},"For each discovered tool, Push also captures authentication context that points to ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1258,"marks":1259,"data":1261},"where hidden security risks lie",[1260],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1263,"marks":1264,"data":1265},": SSO vs. password vs. personal account, MFA status, and password strength. An AI tool accessed via corporate SSO with MFA is a different risk than the same tool accessed through a personal Gmail account with a reused password. Similarly, employees using only a password to access AI tools that they’ve integrated with other sensitive corporate systems introduces another level of downstream risk. That context is what makes the inventory actionable.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1267,"content":1268},{},[1269],{"nodeType":864,"value":1270,"marks":1271,"data":1272},"Push also detects when employees are adopting agentic browsers — autonomous AI-powered browsers like Comet, Atlas, and Dia that browse the web and interact with applications on behalf of users or automated workflows. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1274,"content":1275},{},[1276],{"nodeType":864,"value":1277,"marks":1278,"data":1279},"These represent an emerging category of non-human AI identity. They authenticate to SaaS applications, access corporate data, and make API calls, but they aren't managed through traditional identity infrastructure. Push helps you identify these agentic browsers as they appear in the environment, before they become a blind spot.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1281,"content":1282},{},[1283],{"nodeType":864,"value":1284,"marks":1285,"data":1286},"Returning to the paved path metaphor, this step is about surveying the site before you figure out where to put in the path. You need to understand who’s already doing what, where, so you can find the risks you need to address.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1288,"content":1292},{"target":1289},{"sys":1290},{"id":1291,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5iXyJbxwWiUt7WoP7FF0Y2",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1294,"content":1295},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1297,"content":1298},{},[1299],{"nodeType":864,"value":1300,"marks":1301,"data":1303},"Step-by-step guide to enforcing AI governance without blocking everything",[1302],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1305,"content":1306},{},[1307],{"nodeType":864,"value":1308,"marks":1309,"data":1310},"The barricade approach favored by existing solutions like network proxies gives you two options: Allow or block. Enforcing AI policy effectively requires a third approach with a bit more nuance: Guide the user to do the right thing. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1312,"data":1313,"content":1314},"heading-2",{},[1315],{"nodeType":864,"value":1316,"marks":1317,"data":1318},"Building the \"paved path\" with Push",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1320,"content":1321},{},[1322],{"nodeType":864,"value":1323,"marks":1324,"data":1325},"Push provides all three options as configurable enforcement modes for a variety of readymade controls. Progressing between them is how organizations can move from \"we don't know what people are doing with AI\" to evidence-based governance.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1327,"content":1328},{},[1329,1333,1338],{"nodeType":864,"value":1330,"marks":1331,"data":1332},"Push can be deployed silently and begin observing AI usage with no employee-facing intervention. This is effectively Push in ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1334,"marks":1335,"data":1337},"Monitor",[1336],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1339,"marks":1340,"data":1341}," mode.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1343,"content":1344},{},[1345],{"nodeType":864,"value":1346,"marks":1347,"data":1348},"The platform records which tools are in use, how employees authenticated, and what usage patterns are emerging. Most organizations should start here to generate a baseline. Telemetry can be streamed to your SIEM or other downstream system to get alerted to newly adopted apps and extensions, and to surface security risks like insecure accounts.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1350,"content":1351},{},[1352,1356,1361,1365,1370],{"nodeType":864,"value":1353,"marks":1354,"data":1355},"Next, most organizations will transition to ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1357,"marks":1358,"data":1360},"Acknowledge",[1359],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1362,"marks":1363,"data":1364}," mode for controls like in-browser ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1366,"marks":1367,"data":1369},"App banners",[1368],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1371,"marks":1372,"data":1373},". With this control, you can warn employees when they attempt to use an unapproved AI tool and point them to approved alternatives.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1375,"content":1379},{"target":1376},{"sys":1377},{"id":1378,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"17nT8JDTyHLExwhb2upb6T",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1381,"content":1382},{},[1383],{"nodeType":864,"value":1384,"marks":1385,"data":1386},"The employee isn't blocked — they're guided toward the governed path at the moment they're about to step off it. This is more effective than a policy document because it arrives right when they need the reminder. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1388,"content":1392},{"target":1389},{"sys":1390},{"id":1391,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2lDFCuc48jcGODcwD6nYhK",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1394,"content":1395},{},[1396,1401],{"nodeType":864,"value":1397,"marks":1398,"data":1400},"Block",[1399],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1402,"marks":1403,"data":1404}," mode prevents access entirely — Push presents a blocking banner to users who attempt to log in to unapproved apps. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1406,"content":1407},{},[1408],{"nodeType":864,"value":1409,"marks":1410,"data":1411},"Push makes the Monitor → Acknowledge → Block progression practical through automatic app categorization. This means that new AI tools inherit whatever governance mode the team has set for that category, without manual blocklist updates. All controls are configurable per user group — the data science team can use AI coding assistants while uploads from finance are restricted — because different teams have different risk profiles.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1413,"content":1417},{"target":1414},{"sys":1415},{"id":1416,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5EBOHy6X6iJfmzJ65txGOv",[],{"nodeType":996,"data":1419,"content":1423},{"target":1420},{"sys":1421},{"id":1422,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"31JnX2KNCAnlaVS9Qqqh8W",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1425,"content":1426},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1428,"content":1429},{},[1430],{"nodeType":864,"value":1431,"marks":1432,"data":1434},"Guardrails: how to prevent data loss to AI tools",[1433],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1436,"content":1437},{},[1438],{"nodeType":864,"value":1439,"marks":1440,"data":1441},"Even on the paved path, you need guardrails because preventing data loss to AI tools is a separate problem from controlling which tools employees use. An employee on an approved AI tool can still paste an AWS access key into a prompt, upload a customer spreadsheet, or share confidential documents in a conversation.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1443,"content":1444},{},[1445,1448,1457],{"nodeType":864,"value":21,"marks":1446,"data":1447},[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1449,"content":1450},{"uri":916},[1451],{"nodeType":864,"value":1452,"marks":1453,"data":1456},"Okta's data",[1454],{"type":1455},"underline",{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1458,"marks":1459,"data":1460}," on what employees actually share shows what’s at stake: 54% share internal messages and emails with AI tools, 39% share confidential company documents, and 28% share banking and payment information.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1462,"content":1463},{},[1464],{"nodeType":864,"value":1465,"marks":1466,"data":1467},"Blocking is too much of a blunt instrument here, as obviously, you want employees to be able to use approved tools. The answer is controlling what data enters them.",[],{},{"nodeType":1312,"data":1469,"content":1470},{},[1471],{"nodeType":864,"value":1472,"marks":1473,"data":1475},"Browser-layer controls for AI data leakage",[1474],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1477,"content":1478},{},[1479],{"nodeType":864,"value":1480,"marks":1481,"data":1482},"Push addresses this problem with four browser-layer data controls, each targeting a distinct exfiltration path and supporting the same Monitor → Warn → Block enforcement modes:",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1484,"content":1485},{},[1486,1491],{"nodeType":864,"value":1487,"marks":1488,"data":1490},"Clipboard blocking",[1489],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1492,"marks":1493,"data":1494}," addresses the most common path for sensitive data into AI tools: copy-paste. Push matches clipboard content against preconfigured patterns for AWS access keys, GitHub tokens, API keys, credit card numbers, and personal identifiers, plus custom content rules for organization-specific data like internal project codes. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1496,"content":1497},{},[1498,1502,1507],{"nodeType":864,"value":1499,"marks":1500,"data":1501},"In ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1503,"marks":1504,"data":1506},"Warn",[1505],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1508,"marks":1509,"data":1510}," mode, Push offers a redacted version of the sensitive data so the employee can continue their work — getting help with their code, for instance — without exposing the actual credential.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1512,"content":1516},{"target":1513},{"sys":1514},{"id":1515,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1JarUdbe8AkJlgB0LjchNR",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1518,"content":1519},{},[1520,1525],{"nodeType":864,"value":1521,"marks":1522,"data":1524},"File upload blocking",[1523],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1526,"marks":1527,"data":1528}," prevents files from being uploaded to specific AI apps, configurable by app, user group, and file type (Push provides a list for fast configuration).",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1530,"content":1531},{},[1532,1537,1541,1550,1554,1559],{"nodeType":864,"value":1533,"marks":1534,"data":1536},"File download blocking",[1535],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1538,"marks":1539,"data":1540}," addresses a different common risk: Employees downloading desktop versions of AI tools, which moves usage outside the browser where Push has visibility. Download blocking also covers files generated inside web applications, such as an AI tool that produces a downloadable asset. (Push’s detection and response capabilities also protect against scenarios in which attackers present users with ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1542,"content":1544},{"uri":1543},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign",[1545],{"nodeType":864,"value":1546,"marks":1547,"data":1549},"faked AI tool download pages",[1548],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1551,"marks":1552,"data":1553}," as part of phishing campaigns, a technique we dubbed ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1555,"marks":1556,"data":1558},"LLMShare",[1557],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1560,"marks":1561,"data":1562},".)",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1564,"content":1565},{},[1566],{"nodeType":864,"value":1567,"marks":1568,"data":1569},"Push also provides telemetry streams on all file upload and download events in your environment, so you can get a baseline pattern of life and identify anomalies that could indicate insider risk. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1571,"content":1572},{},[1573,1577,1582],{"nodeType":864,"value":1574,"marks":1575,"data":1576},"The Push platform also provides the capability to write your own ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1578,"marks":1579,"data":1581},"custom detections",[1580],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1583,"marks":1584,"data":1585},", which you can use for other organization-specific use cases, or even to extend your control over GenAI tool usage, such as by blocking unapproved MCP server connections.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1587,"content":1591},{"target":1588},{"sys":1589},{"id":1590,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5XYVgJjgUPUfY1W1Zcgrvm",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1593,"content":1594},{},[1595,1599,1604],{"nodeType":864,"value":1596,"marks":1597,"data":1598},"Finally, ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1600,"marks":1601,"data":1603},"AI conversation visibility",[1602],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1605,"marks":1606,"data":1607}," gives you a window into what is being shared in AI chats, consumable as a stream of events to your SIEM or SOAR. Over time, you can build up a picture of what’s normal or what violates company policy, and create a queryable history to identify potential data loss during an incident response process.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1609,"content":1610},{},[1611],{"nodeType":864,"value":1612,"marks":1613,"data":1614},"Traditional DLP at the endpoint or network layer misses these paths. Network DLP and SWGs can't inspect clipboard pastes into AI prompts — there's no network event to intercept. Endpoint DLP sees file-system operations but not in-browser activity. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1616,"content":1617},{},[1618],{"nodeType":864,"value":1619,"marks":1620,"data":1621},"Push's controls operate where the data is flowing — inside the browser session.",[],{},{"nodeType":1005,"data":1623,"content":1624},{},[],{"nodeType":1312,"data":1626,"content":1627},{},[1628],{"nodeType":864,"value":1629,"marks":1630,"data":1632},"How to keep up with AI tool sprawl",[1631],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1634,"content":1635},{},[1636],{"nodeType":864,"value":1637,"marks":1638,"data":1639},"Pragmatically, the hardest part of generative AI security isn't the initial steps you take — it's keeping up with the sprawl. Point-in-time audits quickly become outdated when the landscape changes so quickly.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1641,"content":1642},{},[1643],{"nodeType":864,"value":1644,"marks":1645,"data":1646},"Push addresses this with continuous discovery, telemetry streams for the most important points of user interaction with AI apps, and controls that allow you to adapt quickly with simple configuration changes.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1648,"content":1649},{},[1650],{"nodeType":864,"value":1651,"marks":1652,"data":1653},"With automatic app categorization, if an employee starts using a new AI code assistant that didn't exist last quarter, Push discovers it, classifies it, and applies your governance rules — no manual intervention required.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1655,"content":1656},{},[1657],{"nodeType":864,"value":1658,"marks":1659,"data":1660},"All AI-related telemetry — app logins, file uploads and downloads, clipboard events, browser extensions, AI chat transcripts — can be sent as structured data to your SIEM.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1662,"content":1663},{},[1664],{"nodeType":864,"value":1665,"marks":1666,"data":1667},"This gives you all the information you need to track your progress, check your compliance status, and identify trends in AI usage and risk across your business as you make progress toward your goal, armed with the right data you didn't have before.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1669,"content":1670},{},[1671],{"nodeType":864,"value":1672,"marks":1673,"data":1674},"The goal isn't perfect control over every AI interaction. It's having enough visibility to make informed decisions and enough control to enforce them, without intensifying the shadow AI usage problem you set out to solve. Push can help you get there.",[],{},{"nodeType":1005,"data":1676,"content":1677},{},[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1679,"content":1680},{},[1681],{"nodeType":864,"value":1682,"marks":1683,"data":1684},"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1686,"content":1687},{},[1688],{"nodeType":864,"value":1689,"marks":1690,"data":1691},"Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1693,"content":1694},{},[1695,1698,1707],{"nodeType":864,"value":21,"marks":1696,"data":1697},[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1699,"content":1701},{"uri":1700},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo",[1702],{"nodeType":864,"value":1703,"marks":1704,"data":1706},"Book a live demo to learn more.",[1705],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":21,"marks":1708,"data":1709},[],{},{"entries":1711},{"hyperlink":1712,"inline":1713,"block":1714},[],[],[1715,1722,1731,1738,1776,1783,1790,1796,1803,1830,1838,1852,1858],{"sys":1716,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":1719,"buttonLabel":1720,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":58},{"id":1000},"CtaWidget","Custom","Don't miss our upcoming webinar on Shadow AI and how to manage it in your organization.","Register Now","sunny orange",{"sys":1723,"__typename":1724,"title":1725,"caption":1726,"layoutMode":59,"file":1727},{"id":1040},"Image","ai-sprawl-infographic","AI sprawl is worse than most organizations realize. ",{"url":1728,"width":1729,"height":1730},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7vCbQdyRkjLs5EmsjBBAQp/3bfb13e7ec19be76325cdc69297c48c3/ai-sprawl-infographic_2x__3_.png",1800,1192,{"sys":1732,"__typename":1724,"title":1733,"caption":1733,"layoutMode":59,"file":1734},{"id":1058},"Shadow AI visibility gaps using traditional tools",{"url":1735,"width":1736,"height":1737},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7HQl2qfsTiCwa2pRzCVqDE/d87180dd96358326097565d8a60e8591/image9.png",1999,1125,{"sys":1739,"__typename":1740,"content":1741,"name":1775,"title":59},{"id":1076},"InsightTextBlockComponent",{"json":1742},{"data":1743,"content":1744,"nodeType":856},{},[1745],{"data":1746,"content":1747,"nodeType":860},{},[1748,1752,1759,1763,1771],{"data":1749,"marks":1750,"value":1751,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are already exploiting this interconnectivity — from ",{"data":1753,"content":1754,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1543},[1755],{"data":1756,"marks":1757,"value":1758,"nodeType":864},{},[],"malvertising campaigns that impersonate AI tools",{"data":1760,"marks":1761,"value":1762,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to steal credentials, to ",{"data":1764,"content":1766,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1765},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach",[1767],{"data":1768,"marks":1769,"value":1770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"leveraging OAuth consent grants in supply chain attacks",{"data":1772,"marks":1773,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],". ","Shadow AI guide IB3",{"sys":1777,"__typename":1724,"title":1778,"caption":1778,"layoutMode":59,"file":1779},{"id":1187},"Push automatically discovers and inventories AI apps from browser login events.",{"url":1780,"width":1781,"height":1782},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5krEecjMxIJgVCa74A79xa/3bb94ca3b496e9486f94526d708e34d5/image8.png",1469,850,{"sys":1784,"__typename":1724,"title":1785,"caption":1785,"layoutMode":59,"file":1786},{"id":1232},"Push discovers AI browser extensions used by your users, across every browser.",{"url":1787,"width":1788,"height":1789},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/14lMFifCBB9RwQpt101tNd/dabe2713e58e787175701ec0d35076ca/image2.png",1470,851,{"sys":1791,"__typename":1724,"title":1792,"caption":1792,"layoutMode":59,"file":1793},{"id":1291},"Push's four-step path to secure AI adoption",{"url":1794,"width":1736,"height":1795},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/E1wuJW4EzmjeLTpnHHM9f/895569f4b215b1b7b82e697c40462cbc/image3.png",1013,{"sys":1797,"__typename":1724,"title":1798,"caption":1798,"layoutMode":59,"file":1799},{"id":1378},"Push in-browser warning screen guiding the user toward the preferred AI app",{"url":1800,"width":1801,"height":1802},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3ouLBkKhiEcBmY8V2XAaUz/71a3cb221adba7d2744ff8b02bab3891/image4.png",1435,738,{"sys":1804,"__typename":1740,"content":1805,"name":1829,"title":59},{"id":1391},{"json":1806},{"data":1807,"content":1808,"nodeType":856},{},[1809],{"data":1810,"content":1811,"nodeType":860},{},[1812,1816,1825],{"data":1813,"marks":1814,"value":1815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“A published policy is not the same thing as people actually doing that,” explains Push customer Stephen Shkardoon, cybersecurity manager at Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, on one of the drivers for their ",{"data":1817,"content":1819,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1818},"https://pushsecurity.com/customer-stories/te-herenga-waka-victoria-university-of-wellington",[1820],{"data":1821,"marks":1822,"value":1824,"nodeType":864},{},[1823],{"type":1455},"selection of Push Security",{"data":1826,"marks":1827,"value":1828,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to get control of AI usage at their organization.","Shadow AI guide IB1",{"sys":1831,"__typename":1724,"title":1832,"caption":1833,"layoutMode":59,"file":1834},{"id":1416},"Rules for AI app controls can be configured on a variety of conditions, including user groups, app attributes, and what mode of enforcement you wish to use.","Rules for AI app controls can be configured on a variety of conditions, including user groups, app attributes, and the mode of enforcement.",{"url":1835,"width":1836,"height":1837},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7czh28QGwm0ZStUmeWXBaq/667ee2441911fa4006a2ec75ebf727ea/image6.png",692,830,{"sys":1839,"__typename":1740,"content":1840,"name":1851,"title":59},{"id":1422},{"json":1841},{"data":1842,"content":1843,"nodeType":856},{},[1844],{"data":1845,"content":1846,"nodeType":860},{},[1847],{"data":1848,"marks":1849,"value":1850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push customers love the flexibility of this control compared to an SWG or CASB, which often rely on binary enforcement at the domain level only. ","Shadow AI guide IB2",{"sys":1853,"__typename":1724,"title":1854,"caption":1854,"layoutMode":59,"file":1855},{"id":1515},"Push blocks clipboard copy events that violate your policy.",{"url":1856,"width":1736,"height":1857},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/jjUt4bChHcCWQJXqNzyQ8/c16974d72ef2bbc65689bf46bcb59e6f/image5.png",1295,{"sys":1859,"__typename":1724,"title":1860,"caption":1860,"layoutMode":59,"file":1861},{"id":1590},"Push can block unapproved MCP connection requests in real time.",{"url":1862,"width":1736,"height":1863},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/wTAwk90bIA1B3XSkRf4M4/e4d3630af83501e6b4b05217fdf2e600/image1.png",1203,{"items":1865},[1866,1879,1892,1912,1932,1952,1972,1992,2012,2032],{"answer":1867,"question":1878},{"json":1868},{"nodeType":856,"data":1869,"content":1870},{},[1871],{"nodeType":860,"data":1872,"content":1873},{},[1874],{"nodeType":864,"value":1875,"marks":1876,"data":1877},"Network monitoring tools see domain-level traffic but can't tell you what's actually happening inside an AI session — whether an employee is browsing a tool's marketing page or pasting source code into a prompt. IdP logs capture OAuth grants routed through the identity provider but miss AI tools accessed via direct signup or personal accounts. Browser-based security tools like Push Security monitor AI activity where it actually happens: inside the browser session. Push captures login events, clipboard pastes, file uploads, extension installations, and OAuth grants, providing structured telemetry on what data is moving into which AI tools, through which accounts, and whether those accounts are corporate or personal.",[],{},"How do you monitor what employees are doing with AI tools?",{"answer":1880,"question":1891},{"json":1881},{"nodeType":856,"data":1882,"content":1883},{},[1884],{"nodeType":860,"data":1885,"content":1886},{},[1887],{"nodeType":864,"value":1888,"marks":1889,"data":1890},"Binary allow/block decisions — whether enforced through a SWG, CASB, or enterprise browser — treat every AI interaction as equivalent, which pushes employees toward tools you can't see at all. Graduated enforcement offers a middle path. Push Security lets teams start with monitoring to build an accurate picture of AI usage, then introduce in-browser prompts that explain why a tool hasn't been approved and direct employees toward sanctioned alternatives, before applying hard blocks only where the data sensitivity or tool risk justifies it. Controls are configurable per user group, and new AI tools automatically inherit governance rules through automatic categorization — so enforcement keeps pace with the landscape without manual blocklist updates.",[],{},"How do you restrict AI usage without blocking everything?",{"answer":1893,"question":1911},{"json":1894},{"nodeType":856,"data":1895,"content":1896},{},[1897,1904],{"nodeType":860,"data":1898,"content":1899},{},[1900],{"nodeType":864,"value":1901,"marks":1902,"data":1903},"Network monitoring tools, IdP logs, and endpoint agents each catch a slice of shadow AI but miss entire categories. SWGs see domain traffic but can't confirm whether someone authenticated or what they did after login. IdPs capture OAuth grants routed through the identity provider but miss AI tools accessed via direct signup or personal accounts. EDR is blind to browser-layer activity entirely. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1905,"content":1906},{},[1907],{"nodeType":864,"value":1908,"marks":1909,"data":1910},"Browser-based security tools like Push Security identify AI tools from actual login events, catching the four categories other tools miss: unapproved AI apps, personal accounts on approved tools, AI browser extensions with broad permissions, and OAuth integrations granting persistent API access to corporate systems. Each discovered app is automatically categorized and enriched with authentication context — SSO vs. password, MFA status, corporate vs. personal account — so security teams can assess actual risk rather than treating every AI tool as equivalent.",[],{},"How do you discover what AI tools employees are using?",{"answer":1913,"question":1931},{"json":1914},{"nodeType":856,"data":1915,"content":1916},{},[1917,1924],{"nodeType":860,"data":1918,"content":1919},{},[1920],{"nodeType":864,"value":1921,"marks":1922,"data":1923},"This is a gap that traditional DLP architectures weren't designed for. Network DLP and SWGs can't intercept clipboard pastes into AI prompts because there's no network event to inspect — the data moves from the clipboard to the browser DOM without crossing the wire. Endpoint DLP sees file-system operations but not in-browser activity. Browser-based controls operate where the paste actually happens. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1925,"content":1926},{},[1927],{"nodeType":864,"value":1928,"marks":1929,"data":1930},"Push Security matches clipboard content against patterns for credentials, API keys, credit card numbers, and custom content rules, then offers the employee a redacted version so they can continue working without exposing the actual sensitive data. The same approach extends to file uploads and downloads, covering the exfiltration paths that network and endpoint DLP leave open.",[],{},"How do you prevent sensitive data from being pasted into AI tools?",{"answer":1933,"question":1951},{"json":1934},{"nodeType":856,"data":1935,"content":1936},{},[1937,1944],{"nodeType":860,"data":1938,"content":1939},{},[1940],{"nodeType":864,"value":1941,"marks":1942,"data":1943},"Policy documents distributed during onboarding don't change behavior at the moment someone reaches for an unapproved AI tool. SWGs can block a domain, but they can't explain why or point to an approved alternative — the employee sees an error page. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1945,"content":1946},{},[1947],{"nodeType":864,"value":1948,"marks":1949,"data":1950},"Enterprise browsers like Push Security can deliver policy enforcement at the point of decision: when an employee navigates to an unsanctioned AI tool, an in-browser message explains why the tool hasn't been approved and directs them to approved alternatives. Controls are configurable per user group — and new AI tools automatically inherit governance rules through automatic categorization, without manual blocklist updates.",[],{},"How do you enforce an AI acceptable use policy in real time?",{"answer":1953,"question":1971},{"json":1954},{"nodeType":856,"data":1955,"content":1956},{},[1957,1964],{"nodeType":860,"data":1958,"content":1959},{},[1960],{"nodeType":864,"value":1961,"marks":1962,"data":1963},"No single traditional tool covers all aspects of shadow AI (apps, tenants, integrations, extensions) and the user interaction with those categories of tool. SWGs and CASBs see domain-level traffic but can't identify personal account usage, extension activity, or clipboard pastes into AI prompts. IdPs capture federated logins but miss direct signups and personal accounts entirely. EDR doesn't see browser-layer activity. DSPM monitors data at rest in cloud storage but not data in motion through browser sessions. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1965,"content":1966},{},[1967],{"nodeType":864,"value":1968,"marks":1969,"data":1970},"Most organizations will need browser-layer visibility alongside their existing stack — not as a replacement, but to close the gaps those tools weren't designed to address. Tools like Push Security operate at the layer where AI activity actually happens, covering all shadow AI categories with graduated enforcement (monitor, warn, block), per-user-group policies, and telemetry on authentication methods, clipboard events, file uploads, and OAuth grants. ",[],{},"What tools do you need to manage shadow AI?",{"answer":1973,"question":1991},{"json":1974},{"nodeType":856,"data":1975,"content":1976},{},[1977,1984],{"nodeType":860,"data":1978,"content":1979},{},[1980],{"nodeType":864,"value":1981,"marks":1982,"data":1983},"AI browser extensions are a blind spot for most security stacks. Endpoint management tools may detect that an extension is installed but typically can't evaluate what permissions it has requested or whether those permissions create data exfiltration risk. SWGs and CASBs don't see extension activity at all — extensions operate within the browser, not over the network. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1985,"content":1986},{},[1987],{"nodeType":864,"value":1988,"marks":1989,"data":1990},"Push Security inventories every AI-related extension installed across the workforce, surfaces the specific permissions each extension has requested (access to page content, browsing history, clipboard data), and identifies permission combinations that could enable account takeover or data exfiltration. Security teams can then apply monitor, warn, or block enforcement to extension categories — and new extensions automatically inherit governance rules without maintaining manual allowlists that go stale as new AI extensions appear daily.",[],{},"How do I stop employees installing AI browser extensions?",{"answer":1993,"question":2011},{"json":1994},{"nodeType":856,"data":1995,"content":1996},{},[1997,2004],{"nodeType":860,"data":1998,"content":1999},{},[2000],{"nodeType":864,"value":2001,"marks":2002,"data":2003},"Point-in-time audits — whether run through an IdP, a CASB, or manual surveys — tell you what was true when you ran them. AI tool adoption changes weekly; Gartner projects 150,000 AI agents per Fortune 500 enterprise by 2028. SWGs can log new domains but can't classify them or apply governance rules automatically. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":2005,"content":2006},{},[2007],{"nodeType":864,"value":2008,"marks":2009,"data":2010},"Push Security discovers new AI tools as employees start using them: when someone logs in to a new AI app, Push identifies it from the login event, automatically categorizes it, and applies the organization's existing governance rules without manual intervention. All AI-related telemetry — app access, file uploads, clipboard events, extension activity — streams as structured data to the customer's SIEM, providing the material for governance dashboards and compliance reporting that stays current as the landscape shifts.",[],{},"How do you get visibility into AI tool sprawl?",{"answer":2013,"question":2031},{"json":2014},{"nodeType":856,"data":2015,"content":2016},{},[2017,2024],{"nodeType":860,"data":2018,"content":2019},{},[2020],{"nodeType":864,"value":2021,"marks":2022,"data":2023},"AI visibility means knowing which AI tools employees are using, how they're accessing them, and what data flows into those tools. AI control is the ability to enforce rules on that usage — blocking unapproved tools, restricting data flows, requiring approved accounts. AI governance is the broader program that encompasses both: defining acceptable use policies, establishing risk frameworks for evaluating new tools, and building the organizational processes that turn visibility and control into sustained security outcomes. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":2025,"content":2026},{},[2027],{"nodeType":864,"value":2028,"marks":2029,"data":2030},"Most organizations that struggle with AI governance have a visibility problem first — they're trying to write policies for tools they don't know their employees are using. But visibility without control is just watching the problem happen. Push Security provides both: discovery and monitoring across all four categories of shadow AI, plus graduated enforcement controls that let you apply different responses based on the risk profile of each tool, account, and data flow, at the point of interaction in the browser for real-time enforcement.",[],{},"What is the difference between AI governance, AI visibility, and AI control?",{"answer":2033,"question":2051},{"json":2034},{"nodeType":856,"data":2035,"content":2036},{},[2037,2044],{"nodeType":860,"data":2038,"content":2039},{},[2040],{"nodeType":864,"value":2041,"marks":2042,"data":2043},"Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) tools monitor data at rest in cloud storage and SaaS applications, identifying misconfigurations, overly permissive access, and sensitive data exposure. They don't monitor data in motion through browser sessions — which is the primary path for shadow AI risk. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":2045,"content":2046},{},[2047],{"nodeType":864,"value":2048,"marks":2049,"data":2050},"When an employee pastes source code into an AI prompt or uploads a customer spreadsheet to an unapproved AI tool, that data movement happens entirely inside the browser and never touches the cloud storage layer that DSPM tools monitor. DSPM and browser security are complementary: DSPM secures data where it is stored, while browser-layer tools like Push Security secure data where it moves.",[],{},"Does Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) prevent shadow AI?","Shadow AI discovery and governance: Frequently asked questions",{},"How to discover AI, enforce policies, and prevent data loss","2026-08-13T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":2057},[2058,2741,3626],{"__typename":2059,"sys":2060,"content":2062,"title":2720,"synopsis":2721,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":2722,"slug":2723,"tagsCollection":2724,"authorsCollection":2733},"BlogPosts",{"id":2061},"4NY2NbkAPucFOJY45yrrrE",{"json":2063},{"data":2064,"content":2065,"nodeType":856},{},[2066,2073,2080,2087,2093,2096,2104,2111,2144,2151,2176,2182,2185,2193,2200,2208,2252,2258,2265,2270,2273,2281,2288,2296,2303,2310,2326,2334,2359,2366,2372,2379,2387,2402,2430,2436,2454,2460,2468,2475,2500,2507,2514,2521,2527,2530,2538,2545,2552,2571,2579,2586,2594,2617,2629,2635,2638,2646,2653,2660,2667,2686,2689,2695,2701],{"data":2067,"content":2068,"nodeType":860},{},[2069],{"data":2070,"marks":2071,"value":2072,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employees have been self-adopting apps, creating unmanaged accounts, and introducing third-party software dependencies into their organizations for years, and the core problem hasn't changed: unmanaged software expanding your attack surface without your knowledge.",{"data":2074,"content":2075,"nodeType":860},{},[2076],{"data":2077,"marks":2078,"value":2079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the rate at which employees are signing up for AI tools is unprecedented, and the depth of interconnectivity those tools demand is fundamentally different from traditional shadow SaaS. ",{"data":2081,"content":2082,"nodeType":860},{},[2083],{"data":2084,"marks":2085,"value":2086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI tools aren't just standalone apps that employees sign into — they're increasingly used as agents that drive other applications, pulling data from one platform, acting on another — they are becoming a core that other apps are integrating to, and that users are integrating with their wider SaaS stack. It’s becoming a focal integration point for app access and functionality in a way that's more comparable to an enterprise cloud platform than a typical SaaS tool. ",{"data":2088,"content":2092,"nodeType":996},{"target":2089},{"sys":2090},{"id":2091,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2Vxb48M5JN9Jdy8BG6nbUJ",[],{"data":2094,"content":2095,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2097,"content":2098,"nodeType":1009},{},[2099],{"data":2100,"marks":2101,"value":2103,"nodeType":864},{},[2102],{"type":899},"What is shadow AI? A quick 101",{"data":2105,"content":2106,"nodeType":860},{},[2107],{"data":2108,"marks":2109,"value":2110,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow AI is any use of AI tools, services, or integrations that happens outside an organization's security governance and visibility. Shadow AI risks cut in two directions:",{"data":2112,"content":2113,"nodeType":941},{},[2114,2129],{"data":2115,"content":2116,"nodeType":945},{},[2117],{"data":2118,"content":2119,"nodeType":860},{},[2120,2125],{"data":2121,"marks":2122,"value":2124,"nodeType":864},{},[2123],{"type":899},"Data exposure:",{"data":2126,"marks":2127,"value":2128,"nodeType":864},{},[]," source code, credentials, internal documents, and customer data routinely get pasted into AI prompts or uploaded as context, and once shared, that data is outside the organization's control. ",{"data":2130,"content":2131,"nodeType":945},{},[2132],{"data":2133,"content":2134,"nodeType":860},{},[2135,2140],{"data":2136,"marks":2137,"value":2139,"nodeType":864},{},[2138],{"type":899},"Attack surface:",{"data":2141,"marks":2142,"value":2143,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Every shadow AI app is an unmanaged identity with credentials that can be phished or stuffed, OAuth grants that give persistent API access to corporate systems, and browser extensions that can be compromised in supply chain attacks. ",{"data":2145,"content":2146,"nodeType":860},{},[2147],{"data":2148,"marks":2149,"value":2150,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI tools increasingly function as hubs, connected via OAuth and MCP to email, cloud storage, code repositories, and other high-value systems. Every app connection an employee grants turns that AI tool into a node in a web of interconnected services, which means the more you hook in, the larger the attack surface across all the connected apps — and the greater the blast radius if the account used to access the AI tool is compromised.",{"data":2152,"content":2153,"nodeType":860},{},[2154,2158,2164,2167,2173],{"data":2155,"marks":2156,"value":2157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Each integration creates a persistent trust relationship that survives password resets and MFA changes. Compromise a single AI app and an attacker inherits whatever access the employee granted it, turning one ungoverned tool into a pivot point across the SaaS estate. Attackers are already exploiting this interconnectivity — from ",{"data":2159,"content":2160,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1543},[2161],{"data":2162,"marks":2163,"value":1758,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2165,"marks":2166,"value":1762,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2168,"content":2169,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1765},[2170],{"data":2171,"marks":2172,"value":1770,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2174,"marks":2175,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2177,"content":2181,"nodeType":996},{"target":2178},{"sys":2179},{"id":2180,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1BWCa7AHCMlYw7XgPLx3h7",[],{"data":2183,"content":2184,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2186,"content":2187,"nodeType":1009},{},[2188],{"data":2189,"marks":2190,"value":2192,"nodeType":864},{},[2191],{"type":899},"The state of shadow AI, using Push data",{"data":2194,"content":2195,"nodeType":860},{},[2196],{"data":2197,"marks":2198,"value":2199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We analyzed a snapshot of AI activity across Push customers during an average week in April 2026. We wanted to make sure it captured actual activity, not just historical data on apps that were added once and no longer used.",{"data":2201,"content":2202,"nodeType":860},{},[2203],{"data":2204,"marks":2205,"value":2207,"nodeType":864},{},[2206],{"type":899},"The numbers paint a picture that most security teams will find uncomfortable.",{"data":2209,"content":2210,"nodeType":860},{},[2211,2215,2220,2224,2229,2233,2238,2242,2248],{"data":2212,"marks":2213,"value":2214,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The average organization has ",{"data":2216,"marks":2217,"value":2219,"nodeType":864},{},[2218],{"type":899},"16 unique AI apps",{"data":2221,"marks":2222,"value":2223,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in active use, ",{"data":2225,"marks":2226,"value":2228,"nodeType":864},{},[2227],{"type":899},"17 unique AI browser extensions",{"data":2230,"marks":2231,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and ",{"data":2234,"marks":2235,"value":2237,"nodeType":864},{},[2236],{"type":899},"17 unique AI OAuth integrations",{"data":2239,"marks":2240,"value":2241,"nodeType":864},{},[]," connected into just Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 — with some organizations reaching as high as 40 unique AI apps, 163 AI extensions, and 55 OAuth connections to AI apps respectively. At the other end, the smallest organization with the ",{"data":2243,"marks":2244,"value":2247,"nodeType":864},{},[2245],{"type":2246},"italic","lowest",{"data":2249,"marks":2250,"value":2251,"nodeType":864},{},[]," adoption level is actively using two. ",{"data":2253,"content":2257,"nodeType":996},{"target":2254},{"sys":2255},{"id":2256,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2AfeiHub5kyZN8wuf6CJch",[],{"data":2259,"content":2260,"nodeType":860},{},[2261],{"data":2262,"marks":2263,"value":2264,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If most organizations have sanctioned one or two core AI assistants/platforms for business use, the gap between what's approved and what's actually happening is significant.",{"data":2266,"content":2269,"nodeType":996},{"target":2267},{"sys":2268},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":2271,"content":2272,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2274,"content":2275,"nodeType":1009},{},[2276],{"data":2277,"marks":2278,"value":2280,"nodeType":864},{},[2279],{"type":899},"Understanding the four categories of shadow AI",{"data":2282,"content":2283,"nodeType":860},{},[2284],{"data":2285,"marks":2286,"value":2287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow SaaS has always been a problem, but in the context of AI apps there are four categories of shadow IT that security teams need to understand, because each one introduces a different kind of risk and requires a different approach to tackling it.",{"data":2289,"content":2290,"nodeType":1312},{},[2291],{"data":2292,"marks":2293,"value":2295,"nodeType":864},{},[2294],{"type":899},"Shadow AI apps",{"data":2297,"content":2298,"nodeType":860},{},[2299],{"data":2300,"marks":2301,"value":2302,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow apps are AI tools that employees have signed up to and are using for business purposes without approval. This is the most visible dimension of the problem, and the one most people think of when they hear \"shadow AI\" — an employee pastes sensitive internal documents into ChatGPT, uploads confidential files to an AI assistant, or uses an unapproved coding tool to generate production code.",{"data":2304,"content":2305,"nodeType":860},{},[2306],{"data":2307,"marks":2308,"value":2309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All of that is sensitive data leaving the organization through channels the security team can't see - and often accessible using personal accounts that can be compromised on personal devices or workstations. ",{"data":2311,"content":2312,"nodeType":860},{},[2313,2317,2322],{"data":2314,"marks":2315,"value":2316,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The 2026 DBIR's data loss prevention analysis underscores the scale — shadow AI is now the ",{"data":2318,"marks":2319,"value":2321,"nodeType":864},{},[2320],{"type":899},"third most common non-malicious insider action",{"data":2323,"marks":2324,"value":2325,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in DLP data, a 4x increase year-over-year. Across 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI tools, the most common data types being submitted were source code (28%), images (16%), structured data (14%), documents (13%), and PDFs (10%). That's not employees asking ChatGPT to fix their grammar — it's core intellectual property, production code, and internal documentation flowing into platforms the security team has no visibility into. But shadow apps themselves are only the most obvious part of the problem.",{"data":2327,"content":2328,"nodeType":1312},{},[2329],{"data":2330,"marks":2331,"value":2333,"nodeType":864},{},[2332],{"type":899},"Shadow tenants",{"data":2335,"content":2336,"nodeType":860},{},[2337,2341,2346,2350,2355],{"data":2338,"marks":2339,"value":2340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even when an organization has approved an AI tool — say, an enterprise ChatGPT deployment — employees frequently access the same app with personal accounts, creating shadow tenants that sit entirely outside organizational control. The DBIR found that ",{"data":2342,"marks":2343,"value":2345,"nodeType":864},{},[2344],{"type":899},"67% of GenAI users on corporate devices are using non-corporate accounts",{"data":2347,"marks":2348,"value":2349,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and our own data shows that ",{"data":2351,"marks":2352,"value":2354,"nodeType":864},{},[2353],{"type":899},"38% of file uploads to AI tools are made from shadow accounts",{"data":2356,"marks":2357,"value":2358,"nodeType":864},{},[]," rather than approved organizational ones.",{"data":2360,"content":2361,"nodeType":860},{},[2362],{"data":2363,"marks":2364,"value":2365,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When an organization approves Claude, ChatGPT, or another core AI platform, you typically also approve the OAuth integration and browser extension for core apps (e.g. M365, Google Workspace, and so on). When that integration is approved, it is approved for all tenants — not just your corporate tenant. ",{"data":2367,"content":2371,"nodeType":996},{"target":2368},{"sys":2369},{"id":2370,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3Rvw0n28AYIM3FQXtHyafD",[],{"data":2373,"content":2374,"nodeType":860},{},[2375],{"data":2376,"marks":2377,"value":2378,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means that even if you've deployed enterprise controls around your sanctioned AI tools — DLP policies, retention settings, admin oversight — more than a third of the file uploads hitting AI tools are bypassing those controls entirely because they're happening through personal accounts on corporate devices.",{"data":2380,"content":2381,"nodeType":1312},{},[2382],{"data":2383,"marks":2384,"value":2386,"nodeType":864},{},[2385],{"type":899},"Shadow extensions",{"data":2388,"content":2389,"nodeType":860},{},[2390,2394,2398],{"data":2391,"marks":2392,"value":2393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many AI tools come with a browser extension counterpart, and there's a large ecosystem of third-party AI extensions that offer everything from writing assistance to automated data extraction. The average organization in our dataset has ",{"data":2395,"marks":2396,"value":2228,"nodeType":864},{},[2397],{"type":899},{"data":2399,"marks":2400,"value":2401,"nodeType":864},{},[]," deployed across its workforce, with the highest we observed reaching 163 — and since each of those average 17 different extensions may be installed by multiple employees, the actual number of individual extension installs across the organization is much higher still.",{"data":2403,"content":2404,"nodeType":860},{},[2405,2409,2417,2421,2426],{"data":2406,"marks":2407,"value":2408,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The extension dimension is particularly concerning because most extensions operate with significant privilege inside the browser — they can read and modify page content, access cookies and session tokens, and interact with virtually every web application an employee uses. As we detailed in our recent analysis of ",{"data":2410,"content":2412,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-browser-extension-risk-scoring-wont-predict-your-next-breach/",[2413],{"data":2414,"marks":2415,"value":2416,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser extension risk scoring",{"data":2418,"marks":2419,"value":2420,"nodeType":864},{},[],", at least ",{"data":2422,"marks":2423,"value":2425,"nodeType":864},{},[2424],{"type":899},"46.76% of all extensions across Push customers have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":2427,"marks":2428,"value":2429,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the extensions involved in every major supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as normal or low-risk beforehand.",{"data":2431,"content":2435,"nodeType":996},{"target":2432},{"sys":2433},{"id":2434,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3z4JOMALI52xoOXZkzPHLD",[],{"data":2437,"content":2438,"nodeType":860},{},[2439,2443,2450],{"data":2440,"marks":2441,"value":2442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI extensions add a specific wrinkle to this problem: many are branded to look like official companions to well-known AI tools but are actually third-party creations with no affiliation to the original vendor. They're not necessarily malicious at the point of installation, but they're exactly the kind of extension that's likely to be ",{"data":2444,"content":2445,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[2446],{"data":2447,"marks":2448,"value":2449,"nodeType":864},{},[],"acquired and weaponized",{"data":2451,"marks":2452,"value":2453,"nodeType":864},{},[]," down the line — and in the meantime, they're collecting data that their permissions entitle them to (which, in most cases, means everything the user can see in their browser).",{"data":2455,"content":2459,"nodeType":996},{"target":2456},{"sys":2457},{"id":2458,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6K3z67rohss6H3lCsSn12B",[],{"data":2461,"content":2462,"nodeType":1312},{},[2463],{"data":2464,"marks":2465,"value":2467,"nodeType":864},{},[2466],{"type":899},"Shadow integrations",{"data":2469,"content":2470,"nodeType":860},{},[2471],{"data":2472,"marks":2473,"value":2474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The fourth dimension — and arguably the most dangerous — is shadow integrations: OAuth connections between AI tools and core enterprise apps that aren't known or approved by the security team. Even if an organization has approved an AI tool for standalone use, plugging that tool directly into Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Salesforce, or any other one of the dozen or so SaaS apps in a typical user’s work stack is a fundamentally different risk decision, because it creates a persistent, programmatic bridge between your environment and a third party.",{"data":2476,"content":2477,"nodeType":860},{},[2478,2482,2487,2491,2496],{"data":2479,"marks":2480,"value":2481,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On average, we see ",{"data":2483,"marks":2484,"value":2486,"nodeType":864},{},[2485],{"type":899},"17 unique AI app OAuth integrations per organization",{"data":2488,"marks":2489,"value":2490,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in ",{"data":2492,"marks":2493,"value":2495,"nodeType":864},{},[2494],{"type":2246},"just",{"data":2497,"marks":2498,"value":2499,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 (to be clear: this number excludes the dozens of downstream apps the AI assistants are integrated with as well), with the highest reaching 55. Each of those represents a unique AI product that has been granted OAuth access — the total number of individual consent grants across users is larger, because popular integrations get authorized by multiple employees independently.",{"data":2501,"content":2502,"nodeType":860},{},[2503],{"data":2504,"marks":2505,"value":2506,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The actual number of AI-related OAuth connections across the full SaaS estate is considerably higher again, because AI tools that automate workflows need to be connected to be useful — pulling data from one app, analyzing it in another, presenting results in a third.",{"data":2508,"content":2509,"nodeType":860},{},[2510],{"data":2511,"marks":2512,"value":2513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MCP connections use OAuth to achieve this interconnectivity in the same way, and AI coding agents create a particularly concentrated version of the risk: a single agent configuration can hold OAuth tokens for Jira, Confluence, Salesforce, GitHub, and more, meaning that compromising one agent — whether through prompt injection, a malicious repository config, or a supply chain attack on an MCP server — yields persistent, broadly scoped tokens for every service it was connected to, tokens that survive session restarts and generate audit log entries indistinguishable from legitimate user activity.",{"data":2515,"content":2516,"nodeType":860},{},[2517],{"data":2518,"marks":2519,"value":2520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's also worth noting that OAuth blast radius is almost always larger than organizations expect. A single well-permissioned user can expose secrets, dashboards, and internal tooling without tenant-wide admin access. And every new AI tool an employee connects makes the web of abusable permissions a little wider.",{"data":2522,"content":2526,"nodeType":996},{"target":2523},{"sys":2524},{"id":2525,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4SnzJ9T93gHzFIUASx7Yb3",[],{"data":2528,"content":2529,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2531,"content":2532,"nodeType":1009},{},[2533],{"data":2534,"marks":2535,"value":2537,"nodeType":864},{},[2536],{"type":899},"Why shadow AI needs a different solution to shadow SaaS",{"data":2539,"content":2540,"nodeType":860},{},[2541],{"data":2542,"marks":2543,"value":2544,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reason it's worth distinguishing between these four dimensions isn't academic. Each one requires a different control, and addressing one doesn't solve the others.",{"data":2546,"content":2547,"nodeType":860},{},[2548],{"data":2549,"marks":2550,"value":2551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking unsanctioned AI apps does nothing for the personal accounts accessing approved ones, and neither addresses the average 17 different AI extensions running with broad browser permissions, let alone the dozens of OAuth integrations that have already been granted persistent access to core enterprise apps — and even auditing OAuth in Google Workspace and Microsoft 365, where the controls are relatively mature, leaves the broader SaaS estate unaddressed, where admin tooling is inconsistent and visibility is limited.",{"data":2553,"content":2554,"nodeType":860},{},[2555,2559,2567],{"data":2556,"marks":2557,"value":2558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The tooling gap compounds the policy gap. ",{"data":2560,"content":2562,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/7-things-omdias-latest-report-tells-us-about-the-secure-enterprise-browser-market/",[2563],{"data":2564,"marks":2565,"value":2566,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Omdia found",{"data":2568,"marks":2569,"value":2570,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that 58% of organizations rely on secure web gateways to secure GenAI usage — but an SWG can tell you that a user visited ChatGPT, not whether they pasted your source code into the prompt. That link between knowing where data went and knowing what the user actually did is the fundamental visibility gap that makes GenAI policies unenforceable without browser-layer tooling.",{"data":2572,"content":2573,"nodeType":1312},{},[2574],{"data":2575,"marks":2576,"value":2578,"nodeType":864},{},[2577],{"type":899},"Advice for security teams",{"data":2580,"content":2581,"nodeType":860},{},[2582],{"data":2583,"marks":2584,"value":2585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The principles behind managing shadow AI are the same ones that have governed shadow SaaS and software supply chain management for years: default-deny where feasible, comprehensive inventory where it isn't, and continuous monitoring for changes that signal increased risk. But it's vital that teams act fast to stop the snowball.",{"data":2587,"content":2588,"nodeType":860},{},[2589],{"data":2590,"marks":2591,"value":2593,"nodeType":864},{},[2592],{"type":899},"That starts with visibility into which AI tools employees are actually using and which accounts they're using to access them — without that baseline, every other control is built on assumptions.",{"data":2595,"content":2596,"nodeType":860},{},[2597,2602,2606,2613],{"data":2598,"marks":2599,"value":2601,"nodeType":864},{},[2600],{"type":899},"Extensions",{"data":2603,"marks":2604,"value":2605,"nodeType":864},{},[]," need the same ",{"data":2607,"content":2608,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[2609],{"data":2610,"marks":2611,"value":2612,"nodeType":864},{},[],"default-deny allowlisting approach",{"data":2614,"marks":2615,"value":2616,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that has been best practice for software management elsewhere: build a complete inventory, allowlist what's vetted, block everything else, and monitor the approved set for changes that precede weaponization.",{"data":2618,"content":2619,"nodeType":860},{},[2620,2625],{"data":2621,"marks":2622,"value":2624,"nodeType":864},{},[2623],{"type":899},"OAuth",{"data":2626,"marks":2627,"value":2628,"nodeType":864},{},[]," demands the most urgency, because each unmanaged integration is a persistent trust relationship that survives password resets and MFA changes — adopt default-deny for consent grants in your primary enterprise apps, routinely audit what's already connected, and critically extend that visibility beyond Google and Microsoft to the broader SaaS estate where the controls are weaker and the sprawl is harder to track.",{"data":2630,"content":2634,"nodeType":996},{"target":2631},{"sys":2632},{"id":2633,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3RFLFtJtDXvhTz1mVztfV9",[],{"data":2636,"content":2637,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2639,"content":2640,"nodeType":1009},{},[2641],{"data":2642,"marks":2643,"value":2645,"nodeType":864},{},[2644],{"type":899},"Browser visibility and control is key to de-risking AI adoption",{"data":2647,"content":2648,"nodeType":860},{},[2649],{"data":2650,"marks":2651,"value":2652,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI usage is fundamentally browser-based activity — every LLM interaction, every prompt containing sensitive data, every AI agent authorization, every OAuth consent grant happens inside a browser session — which makes the browser the natural control point for AI governance across the workforce. ",{"data":2654,"content":2655,"nodeType":860},{},[2656],{"data":2657,"marks":2658,"value":2659,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push tracks AI app usage and login security across the workforce, inventories and controls AI browser extensions, monitors and blocks OAuth consent flows across any app (not just the primary enterprise platforms), and gives security teams a single view of the full shadow AI picture across all four dimensions.",{"data":2661,"content":2662,"nodeType":860},{},[2663],{"data":2664,"marks":2665,"value":2666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow AI isn't a problem that will age well if ignored. Every week that passes without visibility adds more apps, more extensions, more integrations, and more potential breach paths into the environment — and as the Vercel breach demonstrated, it only takes one forgotten OAuth grant to turn an employee's idle curiosity into an organization-wide incident.",{"data":2668,"content":2669,"nodeType":860},{},[2670,2674,2682],{"data":2671,"marks":2672,"value":2673,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about how you can tackle ",{"data":2675,"content":2677,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2676},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/shadow-ai",[2678],{"data":2679,"marks":2680,"value":580,"nodeType":864},{},[2681],{"type":1455},{"data":2683,"marks":2684,"value":2685,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with Push. ",{"data":2687,"content":2688,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2690,"content":2691,"nodeType":860},{},[2692],{"data":2693,"marks":2694,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2696,"content":2697,"nodeType":860},{},[2698],{"data":2699,"marks":2700,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2702,"content":2703,"nodeType":860},{},[2704,2708,2716],{"data":2705,"marks":2706,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Book a ",{"data":2709,"content":2710,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[2711],{"data":2712,"marks":2713,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[2714],{"type":1455},"live demo",{"data":2717,"marks":2718,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to learn more.","Shadow AI: what Push data reveals about the scale of the problem","Push telemetry shows the average organization has 16 AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions, and 17 AI OAuth integrations in use. Here's what it means for security.","2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z","what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai",{"items":2725},[2726,2730],{"sys":2727,"name":2729},{"id":2728},"1gZi8NrRy2v9OqPV7C4dwD","Risk management",{"sys":2731,"name":297},{"id":2732},"3pjES4THCIfSAwhGdNwBcy",{"items":2734},[2735],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":2739},"Dan Green","Dan","Threat Research",{"url":2740},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7jik1VhFgA3kgzXBXTm2Vw/fcd8c171da644903d0827eafcfbcaad0/Dan_Headshot_2025.png",{"__typename":2059,"sys":2742,"content":2744,"title":3608,"synopsis":3609,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":3610,"slug":3611,"tagsCollection":3612,"authorsCollection":3618},{"id":2743},"6Xn377JQfbDz49Np74cbGl",{"json":2745},{"data":2746,"content":2747,"nodeType":856},{},[2748,2755,2786,2804,2809,2816,2832,2835,2843,2861,2925,2932,2938,2945,3028,3035,3042,3058,3061,3069,3076,3083,3091,3098,3110,3116,3123,3130,3137,3140,3148,3164,3180,3187,3194,3201,3222,3308,3315,3322,3325,3333,3349,3356,3363,3371,3374,3382,3400,3407,3414,3447,3454,3461,3464,3472,3479,3491,3497,3509,3521,3527,3539,3561,3568,3571,3579,3586,3592],{"data":2749,"content":2750,"nodeType":860},{},[2751],{"data":2752,"marks":2753,"value":2754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most security leaders I talk to know they have an AI problem. They've seen the board questions, read the reports, maybe even drafted a policy. But when they start measuring where they stand — not plans or roadmaps, but actual current state — the gap between awareness and operational capability comes into focus.",{"data":2756,"content":2757,"nodeType":860},{},[2758,2762,2770,2774,2782],{"data":2759,"marks":2760,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The ",{"data":2763,"content":2765,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2764},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review",[2766],{"data":2767,"marks":2768,"value":2769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2026 Verizon DBIR",{"data":2771,"marks":2772,"value":2773,"nodeType":864},{},[]," quantifies the scale: 45% of employees are now regular AI users on corporate devices (up from 15% the prior year), with 67% using personal accounts. ",{"data":2775,"content":2777,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2776},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai",[2778],{"data":2779,"marks":2780,"value":2781,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push data",{"data":2783,"marks":2784,"value":2785,"nodeType":864},{},[]," further shows that 38% of file uploads to AI tools come from those shadow accounts rather than approved organizational ones — and the DBIR shows what's going into them: of 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI applications, the most common data types were source code (28%), structured data (14%), and documents and PDFs (23% combined).",{"data":2787,"content":2788,"nodeType":860},{},[2789,2793,2800],{"data":2790,"marks":2791,"value":2792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The average organization now has ",{"data":2794,"content":2795,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2776},[2796],{"data":2797,"marks":2798,"value":2799,"nodeType":864},{},[],"16 unique AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions, and 17 AI OAuth integrations",{"data":2801,"marks":2802,"value":2803,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in active use, most unapproved. Shadow AI was the third most common non-malicious insider action in the DBIR, up 4x year over year.",{"data":2805,"content":2808,"nodeType":996},{"target":2806},{"sys":2807},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":2810,"content":2811,"nodeType":860},{},[2812],{"data":2813,"marks":2814,"value":2815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These statistics expose an attack surface and unmanaged risks at a high level. But the real problem is that most organizations can't produce a basic inventory of which AI tools are in use, let alone demonstrate controls around any of them. ",{"data":2817,"content":2818,"nodeType":860},{},[2819,2823,2828],{"data":2820,"marks":2821,"value":2822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That gap between awareness and capability is where most organizations are stuck. And understanding ",{"data":2824,"marks":2825,"value":2827,"nodeType":864},{},[2826],{"type":2246},"why",{"data":2829,"marks":2830,"value":2831,"nodeType":864},{},[]," they're stuck requires a framework for what progress actually looks like.",{"data":2833,"content":2834,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2836,"content":2837,"nodeType":1009},{},[2838],{"data":2839,"marks":2840,"value":2842,"nodeType":864},{},[2841],{"type":899},"A model for measuring what most organizations already feel",{"data":2844,"content":2845,"nodeType":860},{},[2846,2850,2857],{"data":2847,"marks":2848,"value":2849,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Chris Cochran's ",{"data":2851,"content":2853,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2852},"https://sansorg.egnyte.com/dl/XtgqfjkjBjp8",[2854],{"data":2855,"marks":2856,"value":1108,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2858,"marks":2859,"value":2860,"nodeType":864},{},[],", published earlier this year, provides a framework for addressing this gap. It defines five stages of AI security maturity across three pillars:",{"data":2862,"content":2863,"nodeType":941},{},[2864,2880,2896],{"data":2865,"content":2866,"nodeType":945},{},[2867],{"data":2868,"content":2869,"nodeType":860},{},[2870,2876],{"data":2871,"marks":2872,"value":2875,"nodeType":864},{},[2873,2874],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Protect AI:",{"data":2877,"marks":2878,"value":2879,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Defending against AI-enabled threats like adversarial attacks, prompt injection, compromised browser extensions, and AI agents operating with unchecked permissions.",{"data":2881,"content":2882,"nodeType":945},{},[2883],{"data":2884,"content":2885,"nodeType":860},{},[2886,2892],{"data":2887,"marks":2888,"value":2891,"nodeType":864},{},[2889,2890],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Utilize AI:",{"data":2893,"marks":2894,"value":2895,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Using AI to strengthen security operations by using AI-powered detection and triage, behavioral analytics, and automated response playbooks.",{"data":2897,"content":2898,"nodeType":945},{},[2899],{"data":2900,"content":2901,"nodeType":860},{},[2902,2908,2912,2921],{"data":2903,"marks":2904,"value":2907,"nodeType":864},{},[2905,2906],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Govern AI:",{"data":2909,"marks":2910,"value":2911,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Managing how the organization adopts and uses AI tools. Things like acceptable use policies, shadow AI discovery, data classification, access controls, and risk assessment. This is the pillar that gets the most attention in boardroom conversations today, driven in part by ",{"data":2913,"content":2915,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2914},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-visibility-and-control-can-achieve-ai-compliance",[2916],{"data":2917,"marks":2918,"value":2920,"nodeType":864},{},[2919],{"type":1455},"regulatory pressure",{"data":2922,"marks":2923,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],".",{"data":2926,"content":2927,"nodeType":860},{},[2928],{"data":2929,"marks":2930,"value":2931,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How an organization invests across these three pillars, and whether it invests across all of them, determines whether it advances toward maturity in this area or stalls out at the early steps.",{"data":2933,"content":2937,"nodeType":996},{"target":2934},{"sys":2935},{"id":2936,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1JV3KG97JQNFKwODnMCMq2",[],{"data":2939,"content":2940,"nodeType":860},{},[2941],{"data":2942,"marks":2943,"value":2944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SANS AI maturity model outlines 5 stages that organizations must progress through in order to reach an optimal security posture:",{"data":2946,"content":2947,"nodeType":941},{},[2948,2964,2980,2996,3012],{"data":2949,"content":2950,"nodeType":945},{},[2951],{"data":2952,"content":2953,"nodeType":860},{},[2954,2960],{"data":2955,"marks":2956,"value":2959,"nodeType":864},{},[2957,2958],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 1 (Unaware / Ad Hoc)",{"data":2961,"marks":2962,"value":2963,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is where employees are freely using AI tools with no oversight, no inventory exists, and leadership may not even know how much AI is in use. There's no policy to violate, so technically it's not even shadow AI yet; it's just unmanaged adoption.",{"data":2965,"content":2966,"nodeType":945},{},[2967],{"data":2968,"content":2969,"nodeType":860},{},[2970,2976],{"data":2971,"marks":2972,"value":2975,"nodeType":864},{},[2973,2974],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 2 (Reactive / Policy-Emerging)",{"data":2977,"marks":2978,"value":2979,"nodeType":864},{},[]," means a policy exists, but it's course-grained: \"Don't use AI\" or \"use with caution.\" Known AI tools may be blocked at the network level. Security teams are learning about AI-specific threats but don't have dedicated expertise or tooling.",{"data":2981,"content":2982,"nodeType":945},{},[2983],{"data":2984,"content":2985,"nodeType":860},{},[2986,2992],{"data":2987,"marks":2988,"value":2991,"nodeType":864},{},[2989,2990],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 3 (Defined / Risk-Informed)",{"data":2993,"marks":2994,"value":2995,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is where things get intentional. AI usage is governed through enterprise tools rather than outright bans. AI systems are included in security assessments. The organization can demonstrate mature governance to regulators and partners. For many organizations, this is a strong and defensible operating position.",{"data":2997,"content":2998,"nodeType":945},{},[2999],{"data":3000,"content":3001,"nodeType":860},{},[3002,3008],{"data":3003,"marks":3004,"value":3007,"nodeType":864},{},[3005,3006],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 4 (Managed / Integrated)",{"data":3009,"marks":3010,"value":3011,"nodeType":864},{},[]," means AI is deeply embedded in security operations with measurable outcomes. AI systems are secured by design. Risk is quantified, not estimated. Decisions are data-driven. This is where organizations can handle AI-specific threats and operate at the tempo that AI-augmented adversaries demand.",{"data":3013,"content":3014,"nodeType":945},{},[3015],{"data":3016,"content":3017,"nodeType":860},{},[3018,3024],{"data":3019,"marks":3020,"value":3023,"nodeType":864},{},[3021,3022],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 5 (Optimizing / Adaptive)",{"data":3025,"marks":3026,"value":3027,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the frontier of AI-native security with self-improving defenses. Elements of this stage exist primarily in large technology companies, defense contractors, and AI-native firms. For most organizations, this is a multi-year journey.",{"data":3029,"content":3030,"nodeType":860},{},[3031],{"data":3032,"marks":3033,"value":3034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most of the security leaders I talk to land between Stage 1 and Stage 2. They have awareness, maybe a policy, but not the tooling or telemetry to demonstrate much beyond that. ",{"data":3036,"content":3037,"nodeType":860},{},[3038],{"data":3039,"marks":3040,"value":3041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The model is pragmatic about these challenges. It doesn't expect every organization to reach Stage 5, and it adjusts maturity targets by sector. ",{"data":3043,"content":3044,"nodeType":860},{},[3045,3049,3054],{"data":3046,"marks":3047,"value":3048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But it ",{"data":3050,"marks":3051,"value":3053,"nodeType":864},{},[3052],{"type":2246},"does",{"data":3055,"marks":3056,"value":3057,"nodeType":864},{},[]," require evidence of progress, not just intent. And for the majority sitting at Stage 2, the hard part is identifying the right steps to move from being merely reactive to a posture of operational readiness. That’s the chasm to cross.",{"data":3059,"content":3060,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3062,"content":3063,"nodeType":1009},{},[3064],{"data":3065,"marks":3066,"value":3068,"nodeType":864},{},[3067],{"type":899},"The chasm",{"data":3070,"content":3071,"nodeType":860},{},[3072],{"data":3073,"marks":3074,"value":3075,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For the organizations sitting at Stage 2, current state often looks like this: They've written an AI acceptable use policy, and maybe they've blocked known AI apps at the network level. They've trained employees on what's allowed and what isn't. ",{"data":3077,"content":3078,"nodeType":860},{},[3079],{"data":3080,"marks":3081,"value":3082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be sure, blocking is the fastest lever a security team can pull, and it represents visible progress to the business. The problem is that it rarely stays effective. ",{"data":3084,"content":3085,"nodeType":860},{},[3086],{"data":3087,"marks":3088,"value":3090,"nodeType":864},{},[3089],{"type":899},"SANS calls the pattern that traps most organizations at Stage 2 the \"Framework of No.\" ",{"data":3092,"content":3093,"nodeType":860},{},[3094],{"data":3095,"marks":3096,"value":3097,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\"A block-based AI policy may feel like risk management, but practitioner experience shows it typically drives AI usage underground rather than preventing it,” the report notes. “This is the pattern SANS has documented as the 'Framework of No,' and it is why the Stage 2 to Stage 3 transition is so critical.\"",{"data":3099,"content":3100,"nodeType":860},{},[3101,3106],{"data":3102,"marks":3103,"value":3105,"nodeType":864},{},[3104],{"type":2246},"This",{"data":3107,"marks":3108,"value":3109,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the chasm. On one side: awareness and policy. On the other: operational capability - the tooling, telemetry, and controls that let a security team see what's happening and respond to it. Most organizations are standing on the awareness side, looking across, not sure how to get over.",{"data":3111,"content":3115,"nodeType":996},{"target":3112},{"sys":3113},{"id":3114,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"187mKPZV8tVbsw17L2cWIU",[],{"data":3117,"content":3118,"nodeType":860},{},[3119],{"data":3120,"marks":3121,"value":3122,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The model is specific about what crossing requires. The steps from Stage 2 to Stage 3 include technical BYOAI discovery (not a survey, but automated discovery), AI-specific data classification, AI-aware controls, and a cross-functional governance body. Data classification is a critical prerequisite: \"You cannot write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives,\" the report emphasizes.",{"data":3124,"content":3125,"nodeType":860},{},[3126],{"data":3127,"marks":3128,"value":3129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are visibility and measurement problems before they're policy problems. You can't govern what you can't see. You can't classify risk you can't measure. And a blocklist that pushes usage underground doesn't give you either: it just makes the gap between your policy and your reality harder to detect.",{"data":3131,"content":3132,"nodeType":860},{},[3133],{"data":3134,"marks":3135,"value":3136,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Getting this visibility right is necessary for crossing the chasm. But it’s not the only step organizations must undertake if they want to address their AI risk.",{"data":3138,"content":3139,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3141,"content":3142,"nodeType":1009},{},[3143],{"data":3144,"marks":3145,"value":3147,"nodeType":864},{},[3146],{"type":899},"Governance is key, but don't forget about protection",{"data":3149,"content":3150,"nodeType":860},{},[3151,3155,3160],{"data":3152,"marks":3153,"value":3154,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most AI security conversations today - the vendor pitches, board decks, and compliance checklists - are about the ",{"data":3156,"marks":3157,"value":3159,"nodeType":864},{},[3158],{"type":899},"Govern",{"data":3161,"marks":3162,"value":3163,"nodeType":864},{},[]," pillar. Shadow AI discovery. Usage policies. Data classification. Controls around what employees paste into AI prompts or upload to AI tools. It's important work.",{"data":3165,"content":3166,"nodeType":860},{},[3167,3171,3176],{"data":3168,"marks":3169,"value":3170,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the SANS model gives roughly equal weight to a second pillar that gets almost no attention: ",{"data":3172,"marks":3173,"value":3175,"nodeType":864},{},[3174],{"type":899},"Protect",{"data":3177,"marks":3178,"value":3179,"nodeType":864},{},[]," - defending against AI-enabled attacks.",{"data":3181,"content":3182,"nodeType":860},{},[3183],{"data":3184,"marks":3185,"value":3186,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Protect pillar starts from a stark baseline. At Stage 1, most organizations have no visibility into which AI agents or browser extensions have access to their corporate environment, let alone a framework for understanding how those could be attacked. ",{"data":3188,"content":3189,"nodeType":860},{},[3190],{"data":3191,"marks":3192,"value":3193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By Stage 3, the model expects runtime validation of AI tools and plugins, detection capabilities mapped to AI-specific attack frameworks, and controls that cover the growing surface area of agentic AI. ",{"data":3195,"content":3196,"nodeType":860},{},[3197],{"data":3198,"marks":3199,"value":3200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By Stage 4, organizations need real-time monitoring of AI agent behavior and defenses against attacks that exploit trust relationships between AI systems — capabilities most security teams haven't started scoping, much less building or procuring.",{"data":3202,"content":3203,"nodeType":860},{},[3204,3208,3218],{"data":3205,"marks":3206,"value":3207,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are detection and response capabilities, not governance exercises — and the attacks they address are already well underway. ",{"data":3209,"content":3211,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help/",[3212],{"data":3213,"marks":3214,"value":3217,"nodeType":864},{},[3215,3216],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"One in three phishing payloads",{"data":3219,"marks":3220,"value":3221,"nodeType":864},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive outside of email, through channels where most security controls don't exist. Evidence of the growth of browser-based attack methods enabled by AI tooling abounds:",{"data":3223,"content":3224,"nodeType":941},{},[3225,3247,3269],{"data":3226,"content":3227,"nodeType":945},{},[3228],{"data":3229,"content":3230,"nodeType":860},{},[3231,3235,3243],{"data":3232,"marks":3233,"value":3234,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CrowdStrike's 2026 Global Threat Report documented a ",{"data":3236,"content":3238,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report",[3239],{"data":3240,"marks":3241,"value":3242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"563% increase in ClickFix lures",{"data":3244,"marks":3245,"value":3246,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — fake CAPTCHA pages that trick users into executing malicious commands on their own machines.",{"data":3248,"content":3249,"nodeType":945},{},[3250],{"data":3251,"content":3252,"nodeType":860},{},[3253,3257,3265],{"data":3254,"marks":3255,"value":3256,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push has tracked a ",{"data":3258,"content":3260,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/device-code-phishing/",[3261],{"data":3262,"marks":3263,"value":3264,"nodeType":864},{},[],"37x increase in device code phishing",{"data":3266,"marks":3267,"value":3268,"nodeType":864},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with 18+ distinct kits now offering the technique.",{"data":3270,"content":3271,"nodeType":945},{},[3272],{"data":3273,"content":3274,"nodeType":860},{},[3275,3278,3287,3291,3296,3300,3305],{"data":3276,"marks":3277,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3279,"content":3281,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3280},"https://www.anthropic.com/news/AI-enabled-cyber-threats-mitre-attack",[3282],{"data":3283,"marks":3284,"value":3286,"nodeType":864},{},[3285],{"type":1455},"Anthropic",{"data":3288,"marks":3289,"value":3290,"nodeType":864},{},[]," identified ",{"data":3292,"marks":3293,"value":3295,"nodeType":864},{},[3294],{"type":899},"793 threat actors using AI",{"data":3297,"marks":3298,"value":3299,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for malicious cybersecurity purposes between March 2025 and February 2026, with the 2026 Verizon DBIR finding that ",{"data":3301,"marks":3302,"value":3304,"nodeType":864},{},[3303],{"type":899},"44% of AI-assisted initial access was phishing-related",{"data":3306,"marks":3307,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3309,"content":3310,"nodeType":860},{},[3311],{"data":3312,"marks":3313,"value":3314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are already vibecoding phishing kits, rotating infrastructure daily, and exploiting identity flows that traditional endpoint and network tools can't see.",{"data":3316,"content":3317,"nodeType":860},{},[3318],{"data":3319,"marks":3320,"value":3321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SANS model makes the speed argument a central focus at Stage 4: Detection built for human-pace adversaries is increasingly insufficient when threats operate at machine speed. For organizations investing exclusively in AI governance, AI-enabled threats represent an entire category of risk that is not being addressed.",{"data":3323,"content":3324,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3326,"content":3327,"nodeType":1312},{},[3328],{"data":3329,"marks":3330,"value":3332,"nodeType":864},{},[3331],{"type":899},"Why governance alone can't close the gap",{"data":3334,"content":3335,"nodeType":860},{},[3336,3340,3345],{"data":3337,"marks":3338,"value":3339,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An organization can have an AI policy, shadow AI discovery, data classification, and usage controls, and ",{"data":3341,"marks":3342,"value":3344,"nodeType":864},{},[3343],{"type":2246},"still",{"data":3346,"marks":3347,"value":3348,"nodeType":864},{},[]," be exposed. When an employee hits a device code phishing page or a ClickFix lure, the governance program documented the risk perfectly. It just couldn't stop the attack. The policy existed but the detection (and ideally, mitigation) didn't.",{"data":3350,"content":3351,"nodeType":860},{},[3352],{"data":3353,"marks":3354,"value":3355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reverse is equally true, and it's why the SANS model treats the pillars as interdependent rather than sequential. Detection capabilities that fire into a void with no policy to act on findings, no classification to assess exposure, and no governance body to shape proactive policy just create alerts, not security. ",{"data":3357,"content":3358,"nodeType":860},{},[3359],{"data":3360,"marks":3361,"value":3362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yet most organizations are only investing heavily in one side of the solution, which is almost always Govern. The maturity model is explicit about the risks of this approach: Governance with no attack detection leaves a critical gap. ",{"data":3364,"content":3365,"nodeType":860},{},[3366],{"data":3367,"marks":3368,"value":3370,"nodeType":864},{},[3369],{"type":899},"Closing the gap requires a control point where both problems are visible and addressable.",{"data":3372,"content":3373,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3375,"content":3376,"nodeType":1009},{},[3377],{"data":3378,"marks":3379,"value":3381,"nodeType":864},{},[3380],{"type":899},"Crossing the chasm requires addressing both pillars at once",{"data":3383,"content":3384,"nodeType":860},{},[3385,3389,3396],{"data":3386,"marks":3387,"value":3388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The bottleneck for most security programs ",{"data":3390,"content":3391,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},[3392],{"data":3393,"marks":3394,"value":3395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"isn't frameworks or strategy — it's data quality",{"data":3397,"marks":3398,"value":3399,"nodeType":864},{},[],". For teams taking on the dual problems of shadow AI and AI-enabled attacks, browser telemetry is the foundation to any meaningful solution. That’s because both problems converge in the same place.",{"data":3401,"content":3402,"nodeType":860},{},[3403],{"data":3404,"marks":3405,"value":3406,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI-enabled phishing attacks, credential theft, malicious browser extensions, and OAuth exploitation happen in the browser. So do shadow AI adoption, sensitive data pasted into AI prompts, file uploads to unapproved tools, and unauthorized integrations. The browser is where external attacks and internal misuse are both visible and stoppable.",{"data":3408,"content":3409,"nodeType":860},{},[3410],{"data":3411,"marks":3412,"value":3413,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For the security team trying to advance past the Framework of No, browser telemetry replaces the blunt instrument of network-level blocking with actual visibility:",{"data":3415,"content":3416,"nodeType":941},{},[3417,3427,3437],{"data":3418,"content":3419,"nodeType":945},{},[3420],{"data":3421,"content":3422,"nodeType":860},{},[3423],{"data":3424,"marks":3425,"value":3426,"nodeType":864},{},[],"which AI apps are in use (including personal account usage)",{"data":3428,"content":3429,"nodeType":945},{},[3430],{"data":3431,"content":3432,"nodeType":860},{},[3433],{"data":3434,"marks":3435,"value":3436,"nodeType":864},{},[],"what data is moving into them (file uploads, clipboard activity)",{"data":3438,"content":3439,"nodeType":945},{},[3440],{"data":3441,"content":3442,"nodeType":860},{},[3443],{"data":3444,"marks":3445,"value":3446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"graduated controls - per-app, per-user group, per-content pattern - that can monitor, warn, or block based on context rather than allow/deny",{"data":3448,"content":3449,"nodeType":860},{},[3450],{"data":3451,"marks":3452,"value":3453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same browser-layer instrumentation can also provide real-time detection of credential phishing, ClickFix, adversary-in-the-middle attacks, and device code phishing. And it can detect and disable malicious browser extensions based on confirmed threat intelligence, monitor OAuth integrations, and generate the identity attack surface data (login behaviors, MFA gaps, SSO coverage) that the Protect pillar requires at Stage 3 maturity and beyond.",{"data":3455,"content":3456,"nodeType":860},{},[3457],{"data":3458,"marks":3459,"value":3460,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We built Push around this insight: that the browser is where both problems converge, and a single deployment can advance AI security maturity in both areas simultaneously. The SANS model makes the same argument.",{"data":3462,"content":3463,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3465,"content":3466,"nodeType":1009},{},[3467],{"data":3468,"marks":3469,"value":3471,"nodeType":864},{},[3470],{"type":899},"Where to start: 5 steps to maturity with Push",{"data":3473,"content":3474,"nodeType":860},{},[3475],{"data":3476,"marks":3477,"value":3478,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The chasm closes when organizations make meaningful strides forward in both AI governance and proactive defense against AI-enabled attacks. Here's the starting plan that I'd recommend, and Push can provide the tooling to automate these steps:",{"data":3480,"content":3481,"nodeType":860},{},[3482,3487],{"data":3483,"marks":3484,"value":3486,"nodeType":864},{},[3485],{"type":899},"1. Build an AI inventory automatically.",{"data":3488,"marks":3489,"value":3490,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Every stage transition in the SANS model starts with knowing what's in your environment. A manual survey won't cut it; employees won't self-report the tools they're not sure they're allowed to use, and may overlook apps where AI is a feature but not the core function (AI-enabled apps). Instead, organizations should deploy automated discovery for AI apps, browser extensions, and OAuth integrations across the workforce - including the ones using personal accounts. Until this inventory exists, every policy decision is based on incomplete information.",{"data":3492,"content":3496,"nodeType":996},{"target":3493},{"sys":3494},{"id":3495,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2t3u0NydllImv6NzvAY058",[],{"data":3498,"content":3499,"nodeType":860},{},[3500,3505],{"data":3501,"marks":3502,"value":3504,"nodeType":864},{},[3503],{"type":899},"2. Classify what you find.",{"data":3506,"marks":3507,"value":3508,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Not all AI usage carries the same risk. A developer pasting code into ChatGPT and a salesperson using an AI notetaker are different problems. Once you can see the tools, categorize them by data sensitivity, authorization status, and access scope. The SANS model calls out data classification as a critical prerequisite; you can't write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives.",{"data":3510,"content":3511,"nodeType":860},{},[3512,3517],{"data":3513,"marks":3514,"value":3516,"nodeType":864},{},[3515],{"type":899},"3. Turn on browser-layer detection.",{"data":3518,"marks":3519,"value":3520,"nodeType":864},{},[]," This is the step most organizations skip, and it's why addressing only the Protect pillar will keep you at Stage 1. AI-enabled phishing, ClickFix attacks, device code phishing, malicious extension updates, and OAuth exploitation all execute in the browser. Without detection in that layer, there's no visibility into the fastest-growing attack category, and no path to advancing beyond basic AI usage awareness.",{"data":3522,"content":3526,"nodeType":996},{"target":3523},{"sys":3524},{"id":3525,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1fzuGjA6VSbVl1p7vM1mt7",[],{"data":3528,"content":3529,"nodeType":860},{},[3530,3535],{"data":3531,"marks":3532,"value":3534,"nodeType":864},{},[3533],{"type":899},"4. Move from blocking to graduated controls.",{"data":3536,"marks":3537,"value":3538,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The Framework of No fails because it's binary: allow or deny, with nothing in between. Organizations that cross the chasm adopt monitor, warn, and block modes — per app, per user group, per content pattern. Monitor first to see what's happening, warn to change behavior without disrupting workflows, and block only where the risk justifies it. This is the operational difference between Stage 2 and Stage 3.",{"data":3540,"content":3541,"nodeType":860},{},[3542,3547,3551,3557],{"data":3543,"marks":3544,"value":3546,"nodeType":864},{},[3545],{"type":899},"5. Assess yourself honestly against evidence, not aspiration.",{"data":3548,"marks":3549,"value":3550,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The ",{"data":3552,"content":3553,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2852},[3554],{"data":3555,"marks":3556,"value":1108,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3558,"marks":3559,"value":3560,"nodeType":864},{},[]," includes a self-assessment and industry-specific weighting profiles. The value isn't in the score, but in identifying which pillar is keeping you from advancing.",{"data":3562,"content":3563,"nodeType":860},{},[3564],{"data":3565,"marks":3566,"value":3567,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The organizations that cross the AI security chasm will be the ones that recognize early that AI security isn't one problem with one solution. It's two problems that happen to share a control point. The most efficient path forward is a platform that addresses both.",{"data":3569,"content":3570,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3572,"content":3573,"nodeType":1009},{},[3574],{"data":3575,"marks":3576,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[3577],{"type":899},"Learn more about Push",{"data":3580,"content":3581,"nodeType":860},{},[3582],{"data":3583,"marks":3584,"value":3585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser - high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.",{"data":3587,"content":3588,"nodeType":860},{},[3589],{"data":3590,"marks":3591,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3593,"content":3594,"nodeType":860},{},[3595,3598,3605],{"data":3596,"marks":3597,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3599,"content":3600,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[3601],{"data":3602,"marks":3603,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[3604],{"type":1455},{"data":3606,"marks":3607,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Crossing the AI security chasm with the SANS AI security maturity model","Most organizations know they have an AI security problem. A new SANS framework shows why so few are making progress - and what it actually takes to get unstuck.","2026-06-24T00:00:00.000Z","crossing-the-ai-security-chasm-sans-security-maturity-model",{"items":3613},[3614,3616],{"sys":3615,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":3617,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"items":3619},[3620],{"fullName":3621,"firstName":3622,"jobTitle":3623,"profilePicture":3624},"Mark Orlando","Mark","Field CTO",{"url":3625},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/592PMwIQQFaa24k5SKBEKF/a33090d0ad95d1e3081f5d16a46ba826/image__68_.png",{"__typename":2059,"sys":3627,"content":3629,"title":4865,"synopsis":4866,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":4867,"slug":4868,"tagsCollection":4869,"authorsCollection":4875},{"id":3628},"6MoHWfQlVildcFYKSbfMcE",{"json":3630},{"data":3631,"content":3632,"nodeType":856},{},[3633,3649,3655,3662,3669,3675,3678,3686,3694,3713,3761,3767,3782,3785,3793,3800,3828,3869,3876,3879,3887,3895,3902,3908,3915,3918,3926,3933,3975,4011,4018,4021,4029,4036,4061,4068,4113,4120,4123,4131,4139,4184,4191,4197,4200,4208,4216,4248,4255,4261,4268,4271,4279,4287,4316,4323,4330,4337,4340,4348,4356,4363,4369,4376,4399,4428,4431,4439,4447,4454,4461,4464,4472,4534,4537,4545,4552,4846,4849],{"data":3634,"content":3635,"nodeType":860},{},[3636,3640,3645],{"data":3637,"marks":3638,"value":3639,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser security solutions are one of the most significant additions to the enterprise security stack in recent years — and the data shows it. The browser is where ",{"data":3641,"marks":3642,"value":3644,"nodeType":864},{},[3643],{"type":899},"85% of work now happens",{"data":3646,"marks":3647,"value":3648,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where AI tools are accessed, and where attackers increasingly choose to strike.",{"data":3650,"content":3654,"nodeType":996},{"target":3651},{"sys":3652},{"id":3653,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5P6PyFbn4EakRNlIWtNzyL",[],{"data":3656,"content":3657,"nodeType":860},{},[3658],{"data":3659,"marks":3660,"value":3661,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But browser security is a nascent category. Getting a clear picture of which solution is right for your team, and how to get the most out of it, isn't straightforward. Current solutions on the market serve a wide range of IT and security use cases, with varying degrees of depth and differentiation across them. Not all use cases are equal in terms of their security value, and not all of them are best addressed in the browser.",{"data":3663,"content":3664,"nodeType":860},{},[3665],{"data":3666,"marks":3667,"value":3668,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This article ranks the security problems that browser security solutions can address by the value they deliver: a combination of the risk reduction on offer, and the degree to which the browser is genuinely the best (or only) layer to solve the problem. ",{"data":3670,"content":3674,"nodeType":996},{"target":3671},{"sys":3672},{"id":3673,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6SJPvEHizSYk29lEvVVNj",[],{"data":3676,"content":3677,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3679,"content":3680,"nodeType":1009},{},[3681],{"data":3682,"marks":3683,"value":3685,"nodeType":864},{},[3684],{"type":899},"#1 — Account takeover prevention: detecting credential attacks across all vectors",{"data":3687,"content":3688,"nodeType":860},{},[3689],{"data":3690,"marks":3691,"value":3693,"nodeType":864},{},[3692],{"type":899},"Security value: Very high | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":3695,"content":3696,"nodeType":860},{},[3697,3701,3709],{"data":3698,"marks":3699,"value":3700,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Account takeover (ATO) is the dominant entry point for enterprise breaches: ",{"data":3702,"content":3704,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3703},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/resources/infographics/identity-security-risk-review/",[3705],{"data":3706,"marks":3707,"value":3708,"nodeType":864},{},[],"80% of all modern breaches involve compromised or stolen identities",{"data":3710,"marks":3711,"value":3712,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The attack surface is far wider than most identity tooling can see: credential stuffing, password spraying, ghost logins (password-based fallback authentication that persists after SSO is configured), weak or reused credentials on shadow SaaS apps, and accounts where MFA was never enforced.",{"data":3714,"content":3715,"nodeType":860},{},[3716,3720,3728,3732,3737,3740,3745,3749,3757],{"data":3717,"marks":3718,"value":3719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"According to ",{"data":3721,"content":3723,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3722},"https://cf-assets.www.cloudflare.com/slt3lc6tev37/sWDBUMNVtEJB9ZFLt1dUU/8d69e92de2edfb3bf59e7d21d57e7e1a/Cloudflare-2026-threat-report.pdf",[3724],{"data":3725,"marks":3726,"value":3727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloudflare's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3729,"marks":3730,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],", ",{"data":3733,"marks":3734,"value":3736,"nodeType":864},{},[3735],{"type":899},"63% of all human logins involve credentials already compromised elsewhere",{"data":3738,"marks":3739,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3741,"marks":3742,"value":3744,"nodeType":864},{},[3743],{"type":899},"94% of all login attempts originate from bots",{"data":3746,"marks":3747,"value":3748,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The ",{"data":3750,"content":3752,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro/",[3753],{"data":3754,"marks":3755,"value":3756,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Snowflake breach",{"data":3758,"marks":3759,"value":3760,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — 165+ organizations compromised, 1 billion+ records stolen — was powered almost entirely by ghost logins: accounts missing MFA that were susceptible to credential stuffing. It's particularly telling that 80% of the accounts impacted had prior breach exposure.",{"data":3762,"content":3766,"nodeType":996},{"target":3763},{"sys":3764},{"id":3765,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"HbZ66kp5DiAZtwNGFJK7d",[],{"data":3768,"content":3769,"nodeType":860},{},[3770,3774,3779],{"data":3771,"marks":3772,"value":3773,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For organizations with contractors and BYOD users, the browser extension is also the only enterprise control deployable on devices that can't be MDM-enrolled — extending ATO detection to exactly the place where, per Verizon DBIR 2025, ",{"data":3775,"marks":3776,"value":3778,"nodeType":864},{},[3777],{"type":899},"46% of infostealer infections originate",{"data":3780,"marks":3781,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3783,"content":3784,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3786,"content":3787,"nodeType":1009},{},[3788],{"data":3789,"marks":3790,"value":3792,"nodeType":864},{},[3791],{"type":899},"#2 — Detecting and stopping advanced phishing: AiTM, multi-channel delivery, and zero-day lures",{"data":3794,"content":3795,"nodeType":860},{},[3796],{"data":3797,"marks":3798,"value":3693,"nodeType":864},{},[3799],{"type":899},{"data":3801,"content":3802,"nodeType":860},{},[3803,3807,3815,3819,3824],{"data":3804,"marks":3805,"value":3806,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing — where an attacker's reverse proxy intercepts credentials and session tokens in real time — has become the standard technique for bypassing MFA at scale. ",{"data":3808,"content":3810,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3809},"https://www.esentire.com/resources/library/2026-threat-report",[3811],{"data":3812,"marks":3813,"value":3814,"nodeType":864},{},[],"eSentire's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3816,"marks":3817,"value":3818,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attributes ",{"data":3820,"marks":3821,"value":3823,"nodeType":864},{},[3822],{"type":899},"63% of account compromise incidents to PhaaS kits",{"data":3825,"marks":3826,"value":3827,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with account compromise surging 389% year-over-year.",{"data":3829,"content":3830,"nodeType":860},{},[3831,3835,3843,3847,3852,3856,3865],{"data":3832,"marks":3833,"value":3834,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Traditional phishing controls are also no longer in the right place to intercept these attacks. The delivery channel has shifted decisively away from email: ",{"data":3836,"content":3838,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3837},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/m-trends-2026",[3839],{"data":3840,"marks":3841,"value":3842,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant M-Trends 2026",{"data":3844,"marks":3845,"value":3846,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found email phishing dropped from 14% to 6% as an infection vector, and Push data shows ",{"data":3848,"marks":3849,"value":3851,"nodeType":864},{},[3850],{"type":899},"roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads intercepted were delivered outside email entirely",{"data":3853,"marks":3854,"value":3855,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — via search engine malvertising, social platforms, and compromised websites. Meanwhile, ",{"data":3857,"content":3859,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3858},"https://www.spamhaus.com/resource-center/supporting-researchers-with-passive-dns/",[3860],{"data":3861,"marks":3862,"value":3864,"nodeType":864},{},[3863],{"type":899},"89% of phishing domains are active for less than two days",{"data":3866,"marks":3867,"value":3868,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making blocklist-based detection structurally too slow — attackers can spin up, tear down, and move on before blocklists can catch up.",{"data":3870,"content":3871,"nodeType":860},{},[3872],{"data":3873,"marks":3874,"value":3875,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern phishing plays out entirely inside the browser session. The only detection layer that can see the phishing page structure, the credential entry, and the anomalous token context is the browser itself. Browser-native detection analyses page behavior rather than matching known-bad domains, which means it fires on zero-day kits regardless of how recently the infrastructure was stood up. Controls like credential entry guardrails add an additional layer — blocking corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains independently of content and behavior-based detections.",{"data":3877,"content":3878,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3880,"content":3881,"nodeType":1009},{},[3882],{"data":3883,"marks":3884,"value":3886,"nodeType":864},{},[3885],{"type":899},"#3 — Identity posture hardening: enforcing security across the apps your IdP doesn't manage",{"data":3888,"content":3889,"nodeType":860},{},[3890],{"data":3891,"marks":3892,"value":3894,"nodeType":864},{},[3893],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":3896,"content":3897,"nodeType":860},{},[3898],{"data":3899,"marks":3900,"value":3901,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first challenge is knowing what you're protecting. Every identity an employee creates — every app they sign up to, every password they set, every login that bypasses SSO — is an authentication event that happens inside a browser session. The browser is the only layer that observes all of these events regardless of whether the app is sanctioned, managed, or even known to IT. Solutions that rely on API-level integrations with known apps, network traffic inspection, or email sign-up notifications can only ever build a partial picture, because they can only see apps they already know about. The browser sees the login itself, which means it discovers the identity at the moment it's created or used — authentication method, password strength, MFA status, and all.",{"data":3903,"content":3907,"nodeType":996},{"target":3904},{"sys":3905},{"id":3906,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"HETvBCPsKGkqLVtaasXH0",[],{"data":3909,"content":3910,"nodeType":860},{},[3911],{"data":3912,"marks":3913,"value":3914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But discovery without enforcement is just an inventory problem. Being in the browser means that you're in a great position to act on what it finds at the moment of authentication. Browser-native guardrails that prompt MFA enrollment, guide users toward stronger credentials, and redirect to SSO login paths close the gap at scale, on every app, including those the IdP has never seen. They also produce the continuous, auditable evidence of MFA coverage and credential hygiene across the full application estate that regulators, insurers, and auditors increasingly require — evidence that no IdP-centric tool can provide for apps outside its scope.",{"data":3916,"content":3917,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3919,"content":3920,"nodeType":1009},{},[3921],{"data":3922,"marks":3923,"value":3925,"nodeType":864},{},[3924],{"type":899},"#4 — Browser extension security",{"data":3927,"content":3928,"nodeType":860},{},[3929],{"data":3930,"marks":3931,"value":3894,"nodeType":864},{},[3932],{"type":899},{"data":3934,"content":3935,"nodeType":860},{},[3936,3940,3949,3952,3960,3963,3971],{"data":3937,"marks":3938,"value":3939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser extensions have become one of the most talked-about attack surfaces in security over the past 18 months, and understandably so — a string of high-profile supply chain compromises have collectively impacted tens of millions of users since late 2024 (",{"data":3941,"content":3943,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3942},"https://www.cyberhaven.com/blog/cyberhavens-chrome-extension-security-incident-and-what-were-doing-about-it",[3944],{"data":3945,"marks":3946,"value":3948,"nodeType":864},{},[3947],{"type":1455},"Cyberhaven",{"data":3950,"marks":3951,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3953,"content":3955,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3954},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/darkspectre-browser-extension-campaigns.html",[3956],{"data":3957,"marks":3958,"value":3959,"nodeType":864},{},[],"DarkSpectre",{"data":3961,"marks":3962,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3964,"content":3966,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3965},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/trust-wallet-chrome-extension-hack.html",[3967],{"data":3968,"marks":3969,"value":3970,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Trust Wallet",{"data":3972,"marks":3973,"value":3974,"nodeType":864},{},[],", among many others).",{"data":3976,"content":3977,"nodeType":860},{},[3978,3981,3989,3993,3998,4002,4007],{"data":3979,"marks":3980,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3982,"content":3983,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[3984],{"data":3985,"marks":3986,"value":3988,"nodeType":864},{},[3987],{"type":1455},"Analysis of 20,000+ extensions across Push customers",{"data":3990,"marks":3991,"value":3992,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found ",{"data":3994,"marks":3995,"value":3997,"nodeType":864},{},[3996],{"type":899},"46.76% have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":3999,"marks":4000,"value":4001,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making permissions-based risk scoring effectively useless as a triage tool. The real threat model is not malicious extensions at install time — it's legitimate extensions that ",{"data":4003,"marks":4004,"value":4006,"nodeType":864},{},[4005],{"type":2246},"become",{"data":4008,"marks":4009,"value":4010,"nodeType":864},{},[]," malicious after an ownership transfer, developer account compromise, or silent update push. Every major extension supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as low-risk immediately before compromise.",{"data":4012,"content":4013,"nodeType":860},{},[4014],{"data":4015,"marks":4016,"value":4017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SWGs and network tools are structurally blind to this attack surface: a malicious extension exfiltrating session tokens generates no anomalous network signal — its traffic is indistinguishable from normal browsing. Endpoint agents have no visibility into extension behavior at the session level. Extension inventory, supply chain change monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — and enforcement all require browser-layer access by definition.",{"data":4019,"content":4020,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4022,"content":4023,"nodeType":1009},{},[4024],{"data":4025,"marks":4026,"value":4028,"nodeType":864},{},[4027],{"type":899},"#5 — Shadow SaaS discovery and OAuth integration governance",{"data":4030,"content":4031,"nodeType":860},{},[4032],{"data":4033,"marks":4034,"value":3894,"nodeType":864},{},[4035],{"type":899},{"data":4037,"content":4038,"nodeType":860},{},[4039,4043,4048,4052,4057],{"data":4040,"marks":4041,"value":4042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow SaaS discovery shares DNA with identity posture hardening (#3) — both start with the same browser-native visibility into login events that no other layer can replicate. Where identity posture focuses on hardening ",{"data":4044,"marks":4045,"value":4047,"nodeType":864},{},[4046],{"type":2246},"how",{"data":4049,"marks":4050,"value":4051,"nodeType":864},{},[]," employees authenticate, shadow SaaS discovery focuses on ",{"data":4053,"marks":4054,"value":4056,"nodeType":864},{},[4055],{"type":2246},"what",{"data":4058,"marks":4059,"value":4060,"nodeType":864},{},[]," they authenticate to: surfacing the full estate of applications in use across the organization, including those that IT has never sanctioned or even heard of.",{"data":4062,"content":4063,"nodeType":860},{},[4064],{"data":4065,"marks":4066,"value":4067,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OAuth integration governance is the component of shadow SaaS that is both the most potentially damaging and the hardest to surface through other means. The SaaS-to-SaaS OAuth pivot is now an industrialized attack pattern.",{"data":4069,"content":4070,"nodeType":941},{},[4071,4092],{"data":4072,"content":4073,"nodeType":945},{},[4074],{"data":4075,"content":4076,"nodeType":860},{},[4077,4080,4088],{"data":4078,"marks":4079,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":4081,"content":4083,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4082},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach/",[4084],{"data":4085,"marks":4086,"value":4087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters",{"data":4089,"marks":4090,"value":4091,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Salesforce campaign — which compromised 1,000+ organizations and 1.5 billion records — demonstrated the full chain: the attacker didn't stop at stealing customer data but harvested OAuth tokens, AWS access keys, and Snowflake tokens from breached tenants and pivoted through connected services like Salesloft, Drift, and Gainsight to reach hundreds more organizations.",{"data":4093,"content":4094,"nodeType":945},{},[4095],{"data":4096,"content":4097,"nodeType":860},{},[4098,4101,4109],{"data":4099,"marks":4100,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":4102,"content":4104,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-vercel-breach/",[4105],{"data":4106,"marks":4107,"value":4108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Context.ai → Vercel",{"data":4110,"marks":4111,"value":4112,"nodeType":864},{},[]," chain followed the same logic — stored OAuth tokens from a forgotten AI app trial provided the bridge into Google Workspace, internal dashboards, and API keys. These are not isolated incidents; they are the repeatable playbook for extracting maximum value from a single compromise through the trust relationships that OAuth connections encode.",{"data":4114,"content":4115,"nodeType":860},{},[4116],{"data":4117,"marks":4118,"value":4119,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every OAuth consent grant transits the browser — the authorization prompt, the scope disclosure, the user's approval click, and the redirect that completes the grant all happen inside a browser session — which makes the browser the only layer where an unwanted grant can be intercepted before the token is issued and the persistent access path is created. Once a token exists, the damage is done: it survives password resets, MFA changes, and session revocations, and revoking it after the fact requires first knowing it was granted, which most organizations do not.",{"data":4121,"content":4122,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4124,"content":4125,"nodeType":1009},{},[4126],{"data":4127,"marks":4128,"value":4130,"nodeType":864},{},[4129],{"type":899},"#6 — Blocking ClickFix and social engineering-based malware delivery",{"data":4132,"content":4133,"nodeType":860},{},[4134],{"data":4135,"marks":4136,"value":4138,"nodeType":864},{},[4137],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for interception — shared with endpoint security for execution. ConsentFix is a browser-native exception that is T1-aligned.",{"data":4140,"content":4141,"nodeType":860},{},[4142,4146,4151,4155,4162,4166,4171,4175,4180],{"data":4143,"marks":4144,"value":4145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix was the most common initial access vector reported by Microsoft in 2025, accounting for ",{"data":4147,"marks":4148,"value":4150,"nodeType":864},{},[4149],{"type":899},"47% of observed attacks",{"data":4152,"marks":4153,"value":4154,"nodeType":864},{},[],". CrowdStrike's ",{"data":4156,"content":4157,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},[4158],{"data":4159,"marks":4160,"value":4161,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2026 Global Threat Report",{"data":4163,"marks":4164,"value":4165,"nodeType":864},{},[]," identified fake CAPTCHA lures as the most common malware download type, increasing ",{"data":4167,"marks":4168,"value":4170,"nodeType":864},{},[4169],{"type":899},"563% year-over-year",{"data":4172,"marks":4173,"value":4174,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The technique writes a malicious command to the victim's clipboard and social-engineers them into executing it. It is fileless (bypassing download scanning), user-executed (bypassing endpoint behavioral detections), and ",{"data":4176,"marks":4177,"value":4179,"nodeType":864},{},[4178],{"type":899},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads intercepted by Push arrived via search engines",{"data":4181,"marks":4182,"value":4183,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — not email (bypassing email anti-phishing controls).",{"data":4185,"content":4186,"nodeType":860},{},[4187],{"data":4188,"marks":4189,"value":4190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is the earliest and most effective intervention point — detecting the clipboard injection and social engineering lure before anything reaches the endpoint in executable form. But the problem doesn't end at the browser boundary: once the command has been pasted and run, detection and remediation become endpoint problems, and a mature defense requires both layers. The broader *Fix family — FileFix, InstallFix, and similar derivatives — follows the same pattern, with the browser providing the critical early-warning layer within a defense that spans browser and endpoint.",{"data":4192,"content":4196,"nodeType":996},{"target":4193},{"sys":4194},{"id":4195,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"39alMHtw9FPHbQINqbAgBN",[],{"data":4198,"content":4199,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4201,"content":4202,"nodeType":1009},{},[4203],{"data":4204,"marks":4205,"value":4207,"nodeType":864},{},[4206],{"type":899},"#7 — AI visibility and control: enforcing which AI tools employees can use and how",{"data":4209,"content":4210,"nodeType":860},{},[4211],{"data":4212,"marks":4213,"value":4215,"nodeType":864},{},[4214],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for access enforcement — but AI governance is not a new security problem so much as a force multiplier on existing ones",{"data":4217,"content":4218,"nodeType":860},{},[4219,4223,4231,4235,4244],{"data":4220,"marks":4221,"value":4222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI adoption is outpacing security governance at nearly every organization, and ",{"data":4224,"content":4225,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[4226],{"data":4227,"marks":4228,"value":4230,"nodeType":864},{},[4229],{"type":899},"71% of organizations are concerned about data leakage via unsanctioned AI apps",{"data":4232,"marks":4233,"value":4234,"nodeType":864},{},[],". But the security problems that AI creates are not, for the most part, novel — they are existing Tier 1 problems amplified by a new category of tooling. Shadow AI apps are shadow SaaS (#5). AI OAuth integrations are OAuth governance (#5). AI browser extensions are extension security (#4). The risk of employees using personal AI accounts — ",{"data":4236,"content":4238,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4237},"https://keepaware.com/blog/46-of-sensitive-data-bypasses-your-dlp",[4239],{"data":4240,"marks":4241,"value":4243,"nodeType":864},{},[4242],{"type":899},"46% of sensitive inputs to AI tools are sent via personal accounts",{"data":4245,"marks":4246,"value":4247,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — is an identity posture problem (#3).",{"data":4249,"content":4250,"nodeType":860},{},[4251],{"data":4252,"marks":4253,"value":4254,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The component parts that allow you to govern AI are individually Tier 1 capabilities, and the browser is the best single layer for gaining visibility and control over AI usage — it sees the apps, the OAuth grants, the extensions, and the account context. But a complete end-to-end solution also requires a presence on the endpoint layer (for local AI tools, IDE-integrated agents, and API-level usage that never touches the browser), and prompt-level DLP on sanctioned tools is better handled by platform-native controls than by browser-layer observation.",{"data":4256,"content":4260,"nodeType":996},{"target":4257},{"sys":4258},{"id":4259,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Py3z9VgjhKrchmYvhmbsq",[],{"data":4262,"content":4263,"nodeType":860},{},[4264],{"data":4265,"marks":4266,"value":4267,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is what makes platform controls effective — if employees are using personal accounts, there are no enterprise audit logs to inspect. And for the growing category of AI agents, agentic browsers, and MCP-connected tools that operate through OAuth grants rather than direct user interaction, the browser is where the consent decisions that authorize those agents are made.",{"data":4269,"content":4270,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4272,"content":4273,"nodeType":1009},{},[4274],{"data":4275,"marks":4276,"value":4278,"nodeType":864},{},[4277],{"type":899},"#8 — Investigation acceleration and incident response: closing the missing middle",{"data":4280,"content":4281,"nodeType":860},{},[4282],{"data":4283,"marks":4284,"value":4286,"nodeType":864},{},[4285],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong — fills a structural gap complementary to endpoint, network, and identity telemetry",{"data":4288,"content":4289,"nodeType":860},{},[4290,4294,4299,4303,4312],{"data":4291,"marks":4292,"value":4293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Endpoint logs show what processes executed. Network logs show traffic destinations. IdP logs show authentication events. None of them show what happened ",{"data":4295,"marks":4296,"value":4298,"nodeType":864},{},[4297],{"type":2246},"inside the browser session",{"data":4300,"marks":4301,"value":4302,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — the phishing page the user saw, the credentials they entered, the malicious OAuth consent grant, the data uploaded or pasted to an unsanctioned service. This is the missing middle of modern incident investigations, and for the ",{"data":4304,"content":4306,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4305},"https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.uk/resources/research/unit-42-incident-response-report",[4307],{"data":4308,"marks":4309,"value":4311,"nodeType":864},{},[4310],{"type":899},"48% of intrusions involving browser-based activity",{"data":4313,"marks":4314,"value":4315,"nodeType":864},{},[],", the absence of browser telemetry is a significant investigative gap.",{"data":4317,"content":4318,"nodeType":860},{},[4319],{"data":4320,"marks":4321,"value":4322,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-layer telemetry fills that gap with a fundamentally different quality of signal: what users actually clicked, what pages loaded and how they behaved, what credentials were entered, what session activity followed — structured, high-fidelity data from inside the session where the attack played out. That's the difference between inferring what happened and seeing it directly, and it determines scope, drives containment decisions, and provides the direct evidential record that neither endpoint DLP nor network monitoring can supply for browser-native attacks.",{"data":4324,"content":4325,"nodeType":860},{},[4326],{"data":4327,"marks":4328,"value":4329,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser telemetry is a key addition to the investigative picture. Investigations are inherently multi-source — without browser data, reconstructing an incident from EDR, network, and IdP logs won't tell you the full picture (particularly when attacks are increasingly delivered outside of email, intercepting users as they browse the internet normally).",{"data":4331,"content":4332,"nodeType":860},{},[4333],{"data":4334,"marks":4335,"value":4336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser provides the causal link that other sources miss: the bridge between \"a user visited a URL\" and \"credentials were submitted to a phishing page that issued a session token now being replayed from an attacker-controlled browser.\" Integrated with SIEM and SOAR platforms, that signal enables automated response workflows to execute on high-confidence detections without waiting for manual triage.",{"data":4338,"content":4339,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4341,"content":4342,"nodeType":1009},{},[4343],{"data":4344,"marks":4345,"value":4347,"nodeType":864},{},[4346],{"type":899},"#9 — Infostealer defense: detecting exposure and blocking delivery",{"data":4349,"content":4350,"nodeType":860},{},[4351],{"data":4352,"marks":4353,"value":4355,"nodeType":864},{},[4354],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for delivery interception and stolen factor detection — complementary to endpoint security for execution",{"data":4357,"content":4358,"nodeType":860},{},[4359],{"data":4360,"marks":4361,"value":4362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Infostealers are the upstream supply chain for a disproportionate share of the most damaging enterprise attacks — harvesting credentials, session cookies, and browser profile data en masse from infected devices, then selling the outputs on infostealer markets for use in credential stuffing, ATO, and ransomware campaigns.",{"data":4364,"content":4368,"nodeType":996},{"target":4365},{"sys":4366},{"id":4367,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5NF1afwu3zFGThZTtStVQA",[],{"data":4370,"content":4371,"nodeType":860},{},[4372],{"data":4373,"marks":4374,"value":4375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is relevant at two points in the infostealer kill chain. First, delivery interception: ClickFix (covered in #6) is now the primary infostealer delivery mechanism, and the browser is the only layer that can intercept it before execution. Second, detecting stolen factors when attackers attempt to use them — and infostealers produce two categories of stolen factor that the browser can guard against.",{"data":4377,"content":4378,"nodeType":941},{},[4379,4389],{"data":4380,"content":4381,"nodeType":945},{},[4382],{"data":4383,"content":4384,"nodeType":860},{},[4385],{"data":4386,"marks":4387,"value":4388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen credentials can be identified at the point of login: browser-layer detection flags credentials that appear in known breach datasets, catching infostealer-harvested passwords being replayed in credential stuffing campaigns before the account is compromised.",{"data":4390,"content":4391,"nodeType":945},{},[4392],{"data":4393,"content":4394,"nodeType":860},{},[4395],{"data":4396,"marks":4397,"value":4398,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen session tokens are caught through a different mechanism: sessions originating in instrumented browsers carry a marker, and when a token subsequently appears in an un-instrumented browser it is a confirmed stolen session — catching infostealer-harvested cookies being replayed regardless of how or where the token was originally harvested.",{"data":4400,"content":4401,"nodeType":860},{},[4402,4406,4415,4419,4424],{"data":4403,"marks":4404,"value":4405,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is particularly critical for the ",{"data":4407,"content":4409,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4408},"https://www.verizon.com/business/en-gb/resources/reports/dbir/",[4410],{"data":4411,"marks":4412,"value":4414,"nodeType":864},{},[4413],{"type":899},"46% of infected devices that are unmanaged",{"data":4416,"marks":4417,"value":4418,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where EDR is absent and the stolen credentials and session tokens will never be detected at the endpoint. Infostealer ",{"data":4420,"marks":4421,"value":4423,"nodeType":864},{},[4422],{"type":2246},"execution",{"data":4425,"marks":4426,"value":4427,"nodeType":864},{},[]," remains an endpoint problem; the browser closes the delivery and replay gaps that endpoint tools miss.",{"data":4429,"content":4430,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4432,"content":4433,"nodeType":1009},{},[4434],{"data":4435,"marks":4436,"value":4438,"nodeType":864},{},[4437],{"type":899},"#10 — Data loss prevention: a key component of effective DLP, but not the full picture",{"data":4440,"content":4441,"nodeType":860},{},[4442],{"data":4443,"marks":4444,"value":4446,"nodeType":864},{},[4445],{"type":899},"Security value: Medium-high | Browser fit: Partial — complementary to dedicated DLP",{"data":4448,"content":4449,"nodeType":860},{},[4450],{"data":4451,"marks":4452,"value":4453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"File uploads to unsanctioned services, sensitive data pasted into AI tools, and exfiltration through personal accounts are genuine and growing risks that traditional email and endpoint-centric DLP tools were not designed to catch. Browser-layer controls provide real value here — particularly for BYOD users and contractors, where endpoint DLP agents cannot be deployed and the browser is the only available data loss visibility.",{"data":4455,"content":4456,"nodeType":860},{},[4457],{"data":4458,"marks":4459,"value":4460,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The honest scope: browser-layer DLP does not cover email-based loss, endpoint-to-endpoint transfers, or cloud API exfiltration. It closes specific and important gaps within a broader DLP strategy, not a replacement for one. A further distinction for organizations evaluating browser DLP for secure third-party access: full-stack enterprise browsers can enforce deeper output controls — watermarking, obfuscation, screenshot and print restrictions — at the OS rendering level that browser extensions cannot reliably replicate. Extension-based browser DLP is strongest for upload, input, and access control use cases rather than OS-level output restriction.",{"data":4462,"content":4463,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4465,"content":4466,"nodeType":1009},{},[4467],{"data":4468,"marks":4469,"value":4471,"nodeType":864},{},[4470],{"type":899},"Tier 3 — Lower Value: A problem best addressed outside of the browser",{"data":4473,"content":4474,"nodeType":941},{},[4475,4490,4505,4520],{"data":4476,"content":4477,"nodeType":945},{},[4478],{"data":4479,"content":4480,"nodeType":860},{},[4481,4486],{"data":4482,"marks":4483,"value":4485,"nodeType":864},{},[4484],{"type":899},"Browser exploit protection",{"data":4487,"marks":4488,"value":4489,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (narrow RCE/sandbox sense) ranks lower because browser zero-days represent just 9% of all zero-days reported to Google, and 82% of attack detections are now malware-free (CrowdStrike 2026). This is a problem for browser vendors to solve, and it's not a big enough problem to warrant enterprises investing in additional mitigating controls.",{"data":4491,"content":4492,"nodeType":945},{},[4493],{"data":4494,"content":4495,"nodeType":860},{},[4496,4501],{"data":4497,"marks":4498,"value":4500,"nodeType":864},{},[4499],{"type":899},"Domain and URL category controls",{"data":4502,"marks":4503,"value":4504,"nodeType":864},{},[]," offer genuine browser-layer value but are commoditized by SWG and DNS filtering tools most organizations already operate. This can be provided in the browser, sure (and it's something we do at Push) but offers limited security value in terms of making a difference against modern attacks that quickly rotate these kinds of indicators and are designed to blend in.",{"data":4506,"content":4507,"nodeType":945},{},[4508],{"data":4509,"content":4510,"nodeType":860},{},[4511,4516],{"data":4512,"marks":4513,"value":4515,"nodeType":864},{},[4514],{"type":899},"Access management",{"data":4517,"marks":4518,"value":4519,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — ZTNA, VPN replacement, PAM, BYOD access control — is an IT infrastructure and access architecture problem, not a security operations problem, and belongs to a different buyer with a different evaluation frame. There are numerous (typically full-stack) Enterprise Browser solutions on the market that address IT use cases like this well.",{"data":4521,"content":4522,"nodeType":945},{},[4523],{"data":4524,"content":4525,"nodeType":860},{},[4526,4530],{"data":4527,"marks":4528,"value":781,"nodeType":864},{},[4529],{"type":899},{"data":4531,"marks":4532,"value":4533,"nodeType":864},{},[]," addresses browser exploit risk rather than the identity-first attacks that represent the majority of current enterprise browser risk, and introduces UX friction that limits deployment at scale. When it triggers, it introduces latency but still fails to detect and stop browser-native attacks.",{"data":4535,"content":4536,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4538,"content":4539,"nodeType":1009},{},[4540],{"data":4541,"marks":4542,"value":4544,"nodeType":864},{},[4543],{"type":899},"How Push Security maps to the highest-value security use cases",{"data":4546,"content":4547,"nodeType":860},{},[4548],{"data":4549,"marks":4550,"value":4551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push is purpose-built to address all of these problems using a flexible browser extension — plug into any browser with no migration, no host agent deployment, and no IT overhead — that delivers telemetry and control from day one, and extends coverage to every enrolled browser regardless of device ownership.",{"data":4553,"content":4554,"nodeType":4845},{},[4555,4582,4606,4630,4654,4678,4702,4726,4750,4774,4798,4822],{"data":4556,"content":4557,"nodeType":4581},{},[4558,4570],{"data":4559,"content":4560,"nodeType":4569},{},[4561],{"data":4562,"content":4563,"nodeType":860},{},[4564],{"data":4565,"marks":4566,"value":4568,"nodeType":864},{},[4567],{"type":899},"Security use case","table-cell",{"data":4571,"content":4572,"nodeType":4569},{},[4573],{"data":4574,"content":4575,"nodeType":860},{},[4576],{"data":4577,"marks":4578,"value":4580,"nodeType":864},{},[4579],{"type":899},"How Push addresses it","table-row",{"data":4583,"content":4584,"nodeType":4581},{},[4585,4596],{"data":4586,"content":4587,"nodeType":4569},{},[4588],{"data":4589,"content":4590,"nodeType":860},{},[4591],{"data":4592,"marks":4593,"value":4595,"nodeType":864},{},[4594],{"type":899},"Account takeover prevention",{"data":4597,"content":4598,"nodeType":4569},{},[4599],{"data":4600,"content":4601,"nodeType":860},{},[4602],{"data":4603,"marks":4604,"value":4605,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Surfaces and fixes ghost logins, weak and breached credentials and missing MFA controls across every app and device — including shadow SaaS and unmanaged devices invisible to the IdP. Push also detects and stops the attack techniques that typically lead to ATO early in the kill chain and before an account can be compromised.",{"data":4607,"content":4608,"nodeType":4581},{},[4609,4620],{"data":4610,"content":4611,"nodeType":4569},{},[4612],{"data":4613,"content":4614,"nodeType":860},{},[4615],{"data":4616,"marks":4617,"value":4619,"nodeType":864},{},[4618],{"type":899},"Advanced phishing detection",{"data":4621,"content":4622,"nodeType":4569},{},[4623],{"data":4624,"content":4625,"nodeType":860},{},[4626],{"data":4627,"marks":4628,"value":4629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Behavioral page analysis detects phishing kits regardless of whether the domain is known-bad. Credential entry guardrails block corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains. TTP-based detection remains effective as attacker infrastructure rotates.",{"data":4631,"content":4632,"nodeType":4581},{},[4633,4644],{"data":4634,"content":4635,"nodeType":4569},{},[4636],{"data":4637,"content":4638,"nodeType":860},{},[4639],{"data":4640,"marks":4641,"value":4643,"nodeType":864},{},[4642],{"type":899},"Identity posture hardening",{"data":4645,"content":4646,"nodeType":4569},{},[4647],{"data":4648,"content":4649,"nodeType":860},{},[4650],{"data":4651,"marks":4652,"value":4653,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enforces MFA, strong credentials, and SSO adoption across every app the IdP doesn't manage. Produces continuous, auditable MFA coverage and credential hygiene evidence across the full application and device estate.",{"data":4655,"content":4656,"nodeType":4581},{},[4657,4668],{"data":4658,"content":4659,"nodeType":4569},{},[4660],{"data":4661,"content":4662,"nodeType":860},{},[4663],{"data":4664,"marks":4665,"value":4667,"nodeType":864},{},[4666],{"type":899},"Browser extension security",{"data":4669,"content":4670,"nodeType":4569},{},[4671],{"data":4672,"content":4673,"nodeType":860},{},[4674],{"data":4675,"marks":4676,"value":4677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Live extension inventory with supply chain change event monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — rather than static risk scoring. Supports default-deny allowlisting and remote extension removal. Blocks known-bad malicious extensions automatically.",{"data":4679,"content":4680,"nodeType":4581},{},[4681,4692],{"data":4682,"content":4683,"nodeType":4569},{},[4684],{"data":4685,"content":4686,"nodeType":860},{},[4687],{"data":4688,"marks":4689,"value":4691,"nodeType":864},{},[4690],{"type":899},"Shadow SaaS and OAuth governance",{"data":4693,"content":4694,"nodeType":4569},{},[4695],{"data":4696,"content":4697,"nodeType":860},{},[4698],{"data":4699,"marks":4700,"value":4701,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Discovers shadow SaaS from actual login events with full authentication context. Monitors and blocks OAuth consent flows — including AI and MCP integrations — in real time before persistent access paths are created.",{"data":4703,"content":4704,"nodeType":4581},{},[4705,4716],{"data":4706,"content":4707,"nodeType":4569},{},[4708],{"data":4709,"content":4710,"nodeType":860},{},[4711],{"data":4712,"marks":4713,"value":4715,"nodeType":864},{},[4714],{"type":899},"ClickFix and the *Fix family",{"data":4717,"content":4718,"nodeType":4569},{},[4719],{"data":4720,"content":4721,"nodeType":860},{},[4722],{"data":4723,"marks":4724,"value":4725,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detects and blocks ClickFix lures, clipboard injection, and browser-native variants like ConsentFix in real time — before the payload executes or OAuth key material is captured.",{"data":4727,"content":4728,"nodeType":4581},{},[4729,4740],{"data":4730,"content":4731,"nodeType":4569},{},[4732],{"data":4733,"content":4734,"nodeType":860},{},[4735],{"data":4736,"marks":4737,"value":4739,"nodeType":864},{},[4738],{"type":899},"AI visibility & control",{"data":4741,"content":4742,"nodeType":4569},{},[4743],{"data":4744,"content":4745,"nodeType":860},{},[4746],{"data":4747,"marks":4748,"value":4749,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enforces which AI tools employees can access and routes usage to corporate tenants. 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You can define a response action (e.g. Warn or Block) and customize the end-user message, similar to other Push controls.",{"data":5437,"content":5438,"nodeType":860},{},[5439],{"data":5440,"marks":5441,"value":5442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Example use cases:",{"data":5444,"content":5445,"nodeType":941},{},[5446,5456,5466,5476],{"data":5447,"content":5448,"nodeType":945},{},[5449],{"data":5450,"content":5451,"nodeType":860},{},[5452],{"data":5453,"marks":5454,"value":5455,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detect a specific IOC or TTP for campaigns targeting your organization.",{"data":5457,"content":5458,"nodeType":945},{},[5459],{"data":5460,"content":5461,"nodeType":860},{},[5462],{"data":5463,"marks":5464,"value":5465,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Partner with your red team to detect custom tooling during pen testing.",{"data":5467,"content":5468,"nodeType":945},{},[5469],{"data":5470,"content":5471,"nodeType":860},{},[5472],{"data":5473,"marks":5474,"value":5475,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alert on specific user behaviors on webpages that point to risk or violate policy.",{"data":5477,"content":5478,"nodeType":945},{},[5479],{"data":5480,"content":5481,"nodeType":860},{},[5482],{"data":5483,"marks":5484,"value":5485,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block unauthorized MCP connections.",{"data":5487,"content":5488,"nodeType":860},{},[5489,5492,5499],{"data":5490,"marks":5491,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5493,"content":5495,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5494},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/engineering/resources/custom-detections",[5496],{"data":5497,"marks":5498,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5500,"marks":5501,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5503,"content":5504,"nodeType":1009},{},[5505],{"data":5506,"marks":5507,"value":5508,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stream telemetry on file download events",{"data":5510,"content":5511,"nodeType":860},{},[5512],{"data":5513,"marks":5514,"value":5515,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can now consume a feed of file download events into your SIEM or SOAR. These events report file metadata, such as file name, download URLs, and MIME type, as well as whether the download was considered unsafe.",{"data":5517,"content":5518,"nodeType":860},{},[5519],{"data":5520,"marks":5521,"value":5522,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Events are generated for traditional network-based downloads, but also downloads of files constructed in the browser, such as those via blob or data URLs.",{"data":5524,"content":5525,"nodeType":860},{},[5526,5530,5535],{"data":5527,"marks":5528,"value":5529,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can enable this feed for all employees, employee groups, or specific individuals; and for all profiles, profiles logged in with a company domain, or profiles logged in with a non-company domain. Go to ",{"data":5531,"marks":5532,"value":5534,"nodeType":864},{},[5533],{"type":899},"Settings > Telemetry > File downloads",{"data":5536,"marks":5537,"value":5538,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to configure it.",{"data":5540,"content":5541,"nodeType":860},{},[5542],{"data":5543,"marks":5544,"value":5545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Next, we’ll be adding a control that allows you implement a policy around which downloads are permitted from where, so you can block unwanted or potentially malicious files directly at the point of download.",{"data":5547,"content":5548,"nodeType":860},{},[5549,5552,5560],{"data":5550,"marks":5551,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5553,"content":5556,"nodeType":5064},{"target":5554},{"sys":5555},{"id":5114,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[5557],{"data":5558,"marks":5559,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5561,"marks":5562,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5564,"content":5565,"nodeType":1009},{},[5566],{"data":5567,"marks":5568,"value":5404,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5570,"content":5571,"nodeType":860},{},[5572],{"data":5573,"marks":5574,"value":5575,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can prevent users from mistakenly entering their password into non-password fields such as username or email fields when they’re signing in to the app that password is associated with.",{"data":5577,"content":5578,"nodeType":860},{},[5579,5583,5591],{"data":5580,"marks":5581,"value":5582,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You may wish to prevent the entry of passwords into non-password fields particularly for core applications like your identity provider. By blocking incorrect password entry, you can avoid inadvertently recording passwords in your app logs, which can ",{"data":5584,"content":5586,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5585},"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001/",[5587],{"data":5588,"marks":5589,"value":5590,"nodeType":864},{},[],"introduce security risk",{"data":5592,"marks":5593,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5595,"content":5599,"nodeType":996},{"target":5596},{"sys":5597},{"id":5598,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1utNf3bb143PvfGS0BvDUK",[],{"data":5601,"content":5602,"nodeType":860},{},[5603,5606,5615],{"data":5604,"marks":5605,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5607,"content":5611,"nodeType":5064},{"target":5608},{"sys":5609},{"id":5610,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2h2EfKDrmw2ZsXFQuBZmS4",[5612],{"data":5613,"marks":5614,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5616,"marks":5617,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5619,"content":5620,"nodeType":1009},{},[5621],{"data":5622,"marks":5623,"value":5624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Events page now displays up to 30 days of data",{"data":5626,"content":5627,"nodeType":860},{},[5628],{"data":5629,"marks":5630,"value":5631,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve expanded the storage window for events viewable on the Push admin console Events page to assist with quick triage. It is now 30 days, instead of 7.",{"data":5633,"content":5634,"nodeType":860},{},[5635],{"data":5636,"marks":5637,"value":5638,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As before, we recommend ingesting Push events into your SIEM for longer-term storage, querying, and correlation.\n","Product release: May 2026","Here’s what’s new on the Push platform for May 2026.","2026-05-29T00:00:00.000Z","product-release-may-2026",{"items":5644},[5645],{"sys":5646,"name":5648},{"id":5647},"5jk0kqjSdSK2L0YiistQjY","Release notes",{"items":5650},[5651],{"fullName":4949,"firstName":4950,"jobTitle":4951,"profilePicture":5652},{"url":4953},{"__typename":2059,"sys":5654,"content":5656,"title":6154,"synopsis":6155,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":6156,"slug":6157,"tagsCollection":6158,"authorsCollection":6162},{"id":5655},"3Yw48rVLntipUijLR0CYf2",{"json":5657},{"data":5658,"content":5659,"nodeType":856},{},[5660,5667,5730,5737,5744,5760,5776,5782,5800,5806,5821,5828,5834,5852,5858,5879,5912,5930,5936,5943,5958,5964,5982,5988,5995,6018,6043,6061,6068,6075,6148],{"data":5661,"content":5662,"nodeType":1009},{},[5663],{"data":5664,"marks":5665,"value":5666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What's new this month:",{"data":5668,"content":5669,"nodeType":941},{},[5670,5680,5690,5700,5710,5720],{"data":5671,"content":5672,"nodeType":945},{},[5673],{"data":5674,"content":5675,"nodeType":860},{},[5676],{"data":5677,"marks":5678,"value":5679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detect malicious browser extensions",{"data":5681,"content":5682,"nodeType":945},{},[5683],{"data":5684,"content":5685,"nodeType":860},{},[5686],{"data":5687,"marks":5688,"value":5689,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Create a blocklist or allowlist for browser extensions",{"data":5691,"content":5692,"nodeType":945},{},[5693],{"data":5694,"content":5695,"nodeType":860},{},[5696],{"data":5697,"marks":5698,"value":5699,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block ClickFix-style attacks and collect payloads for investigation",{"data":5701,"content":5702,"nodeType":945},{},[5703],{"data":5704,"content":5705,"nodeType":860},{},[5706],{"data":5707,"marks":5708,"value":5709,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Custom branding for employee-facing banners and block pages",{"data":5711,"content":5712,"nodeType":945},{},[5713],{"data":5714,"content":5715,"nodeType":860},{},[5716],{"data":5717,"marks":5718,"value":5719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Collect additional metadata to support threat detection",{"data":5721,"content":5722,"nodeType":945},{},[5723],{"data":5724,"content":5725,"nodeType":860},{},[5726],{"data":5727,"marks":5728,"value":5729,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And a few other things … ",{"data":5731,"content":5732,"nodeType":1009},{},[5733],{"data":5734,"marks":5735,"value":5736,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detect malicious extensions",{"data":5738,"content":5739,"nodeType":860},{},[5740],{"data":5741,"marks":5742,"value":5743,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push can now detect and block malicious browser extensions found in your environment. ",{"data":5745,"content":5746,"nodeType":860},{},[5747,5751,5756],{"data":5748,"marks":5749,"value":5750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push maintains a global list of malicious extensions based on our own threat research and publicly available threat intelligence. When an extension in your environment matches a malicious extension ID, Push will raise a detection on the ",{"data":5752,"marks":5753,"value":5755,"nodeType":864},{},[5754],{"type":899},"Detections",{"data":5757,"marks":5758,"value":5759,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page of the Push admin console. You can also configure the control to warn or block users automatically.",{"data":5761,"content":5762,"nodeType":860},{},[5763,5767,5772],{"data":5764,"marks":5765,"value":5766,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To enable malicious extension detection, go to the ",{"data":5768,"marks":5769,"value":5771,"nodeType":864},{},[5770],{"type":899},"Controls",{"data":5773,"marks":5774,"value":5775,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page in the Push admin console. ",{"data":5777,"content":5781,"nodeType":996},{"target":5778},{"sys":5779},{"id":5780,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1QV5UQ04MYLpWY7jTocvO4",[],{"data":5783,"content":5784,"nodeType":860},{},[5785,5788,5797],{"data":5786,"marks":5787,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5789,"content":5793,"nodeType":5064},{"target":5790},{"sys":5791},{"id":5792,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5NyiWgjMDwk16XZ0S681JK",[5794],{"data":5795,"marks":5796,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5798,"marks":5799,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5801,"content":5802,"nodeType":1009},{},[5803],{"data":5804,"marks":5805,"value":5689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5807,"content":5808,"nodeType":860},{},[5809,5813,5818],{"data":5810,"marks":5811,"value":5812,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also block unwanted extensions or allowlist only the extensions you want in your environment, using Push’s ",{"data":5814,"marks":5815,"value":5817,"nodeType":864},{},[5816],{"type":899},"Browser extension blocking",{"data":5819,"marks":5820,"value":5027,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5822,"content":5823,"nodeType":860},{},[5824],{"data":5825,"marks":5826,"value":5827,"nodeType":864},{},[],"End-users will see a block page if they attempt to enable a blocked extension or install one via the Chrome or Microsoft extension stores.",{"data":5829,"content":5833,"nodeType":996},{"target":5830},{"sys":5831},{"id":5832,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3OCdGfsyNTLXQx77dwzY9L",[],{"data":5835,"content":5836,"nodeType":860},{},[5837,5840,5849],{"data":5838,"marks":5839,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5841,"content":5845,"nodeType":5064},{"target":5842},{"sys":5843},{"id":5844,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ibVBa6u0XfcXXDVtON5th",[5846],{"data":5847,"marks":5848,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5850,"marks":5851,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5853,"content":5854,"nodeType":1009},{},[5855],{"data":5856,"marks":5857,"value":5699,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5859,"content":5860,"nodeType":860},{},[5861,5865,5875],{"data":5862,"marks":5863,"value":5864,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can now block ClickFix-style malicious copy and paste attacks using Push. These are one of the ",{"data":5866,"content":5870,"nodeType":5064},{"target":5867},{"sys":5868},{"id":5869,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1u8RJxC00HbBhCBVxcDnkK",[5871],{"data":5872,"marks":5873,"value":5874,"nodeType":864},{},[],"fastest-growing",{"data":5876,"marks":5877,"value":5878,"nodeType":864},{},[]," browser-based attacks. You can also choose to collect the payload for your security team to investigate.",{"data":5880,"content":5881,"nodeType":860},{},[5882,5886,5891,5895,5900,5903,5908],{"data":5883,"marks":5884,"value":5885,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From the Push admin console, go to ",{"data":5887,"marks":5888,"value":5890,"nodeType":864},{},[5889],{"type":899},"Controls > Malicious copy and paste detection",{"data":5892,"marks":5893,"value":5894,"nodeType":864},{},[],". 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",{"data":5944,"content":5945,"nodeType":860},{},[5946,5950,5955],{"data":5947,"marks":5948,"value":5949,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To add your brand elements, go to ",{"data":5951,"marks":5952,"value":5954,"nodeType":864},{},[5953],{"type":899},"Settings > Branding",{"data":5956,"marks":5957,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5959,"content":5963,"nodeType":996},{"target":5960},{"sys":5961},{"id":5962,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3Jawd7IBSA3GF2XBHARsn",[],{"data":5965,"content":5966,"nodeType":860},{},[5967,5970,5979],{"data":5968,"marks":5969,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5971,"content":5975,"nodeType":5064},{"target":5972},{"sys":5973},{"id":5974,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4i1KWgBfYqtFYlUFRYiGdW",[5976],{"data":5977,"marks":5978,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5980,"marks":5981,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5983,"content":5984,"nodeType":1009},{},[5985],{"data":5986,"marks":5987,"value":5719,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5989,"content":5990,"nodeType":860},{},[5991],{"data":5992,"marks":5993,"value":5994,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push browser extension can now collect additional metadata and store it locally for up to 30 days, powering more diverse and precise detections, including for emerging threats. ",{"data":5996,"content":5997,"nodeType":860},{},[5998,6002,6006,6010,6014],{"data":5999,"marks":6000,"value":6001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detections informed by this metadata will be raised on the ",{"data":6003,"marks":6004,"value":5755,"nodeType":864},{},[6005],{"type":899},{"data":6007,"marks":6008,"value":6009,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page. Note that these detections do not block end-user activity and are ",{"data":6011,"marks":6012,"value":1334,"nodeType":864},{},[6013],{"type":899},{"data":6015,"marks":6016,"value":6017,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode only.",{"data":6019,"content":6020,"nodeType":860},{},[6021,6025,6030,6034,6039],{"data":6022,"marks":6023,"value":6024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recommend you enable ",{"data":6026,"marks":6027,"value":6029,"nodeType":864},{},[6028],{"type":899},"Browser event storage",{"data":6031,"marks":6032,"value":6033,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to take advantage of this capability. Go to ",{"data":6035,"marks":6036,"value":6038,"nodeType":864},{},[6037],{"type":899},"Settings > Telemetry > Browser event storage",{"data":6040,"marks":6041,"value":6042,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in the admin console.",{"data":6044,"content":6045,"nodeType":860},{},[6046,6049,6058],{"data":6047,"marks":6048,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6050,"content":6054,"nodeType":5064},{"target":6051},{"sys":6052},{"id":6053,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1x69JxXcDWEDIzYXUM8nGb",[6055],{"data":6056,"marks":6057,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6059,"marks":6060,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6062,"content":6063,"nodeType":1009},{},[6064],{"data":6065,"marks":6066,"value":6067,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And a few other things ...",{"data":6069,"content":6070,"nodeType":860},{},[6071],{"data":6072,"marks":6073,"value":6074,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Other new features or improvements to the platform include:",{"data":6076,"content":6077,"nodeType":941},{},[6078,6098,6108,6128],{"data":6079,"content":6080,"nodeType":945},{},[6081],{"data":6082,"content":6083,"nodeType":860},{},[6084,6088,6095],{"data":6085,"marks":6086,"value":6087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can now configure the frequency with which app banners will be displayed: either per-tab or per-browser. ",{"data":6089,"content":6091,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6090},"/help/10125#frequency",[6092],{"data":6093,"marks":6094,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6096,"marks":6097,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6099,"content":6100,"nodeType":945},{},[6101],{"data":6102,"content":6103,"nodeType":860},{},[6104],{"data":6105,"marks":6106,"value":6107,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can now define an Owner role as part of Push’s RBAC options. Only Owners can edit roles, delete your team (e.g. tenant), change default SAML roles, or update your team name.",{"data":6109,"content":6110,"nodeType":945},{},[6111],{"data":6112,"content":6113,"nodeType":860},{},[6114,6118,6125],{"data":6115,"marks":6116,"value":6117,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Webhook events now include detection details, for greater context. ",{"data":6119,"content":6121,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6120},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/engineering/webhooks-v1/detections",[6122],{"data":6123,"marks":6124,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6126,"marks":6127,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6129,"content":6130,"nodeType":945},{},[6131],{"data":6132,"content":6133,"nodeType":860},{},[6134,6138,6145],{"data":6135,"marks":6136,"value":6137,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push now uses static IP addresses to emit webhook events. These IP addresses are in the same range we previously used, but if you wish to update your network filtering to these new, narrower IP addresses, you can. ",{"data":6139,"content":6141,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6140},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/engineering/webhooks-v1/section/ip-addresses",[6142],{"data":6143,"marks":6144,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6146,"marks":6147,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6149,"content":6150,"nodeType":860},{},[6151],{"data":6152,"marks":6153,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Product release: March 2026","Here’s what’s new on the Push platform for March 2026.","2026-03-10T00:00:00.000Z","product-release-march-2026",{"items":6159},[6160],{"sys":6161,"name":5648},{"id":5647},{"items":6163},[6164],{"fullName":4949,"firstName":4950,"jobTitle":4951,"profilePicture":6165},{"url":4953},"product-release-july-2026","blog/product-release-july-2026",{"json":6169},{"data":6170,"content":6171,"nodeType":856},{},[6172],{"data":6173,"content":6174,"nodeType":860},{},[6175],{"data":6176,"marks":6177,"value":6178,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clipboard blocking, file download blocking, app categorization, and more","Here’s what’s new on the Push platform for July 2026.",{"id":6181,"publishedAt":6182},"76c5Oo3kktjFa1oUQoCYSu","2026-08-12T11:52:39.380Z",{"items":6184},[6185],{"sys":6186,"name":5648},{"id":5647},{"items":6188},[6189,6191,6193,6195],{"sys":6190,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":6192,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45},{"id":365},{"sys":6194,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":6196,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},"KqgkacUcUOlS0kauLuxOpwFUea0oLkCATd3yAMW2cVs",{"id":6199,"title":6200,"authorsCollection":6201,"content":6211,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":6991,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":6993,"metaTitle":6994,"ogImage":59,"postType":6995,"publishedDate":6996,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":6997,"slug":9435,"stem":9436,"subtitle":59,"summary":9437,"synopsis":9447,"sys":9448,"tagsCollection":9451,"topicsCollection":9457,"__hash__":9479},"blog/blog/openai-poisoned-tenant-attack.json","We coined the poisoned tenant attack in 2023; in 2026, someone used it on us",{"items":6202},[6203],{"fullName":6204,"firstName":6205,"jobTitle":6206,"socialLinks":6207,"profilePicture":6209},"Luke Jennings","Luke","Vice President, R&D",[6208],"https://www.linkedin.com/in/luke-jennings-042b5619b/",{"url":6210},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4Hosb4zKi1dA0PUyDLMe1h/27e09d894861f2196ba794037986fb08/T016S22KZ96-U02NVQM7ZD4-57761d542d83-512.jpeg",{"json":6212,"links":6906},{"data":6213,"content":6214,"nodeType":856},{},[6215,6235,6241,6247,6250,6258,6266,6273,6280,6286,6293,6300,6308,6315,6322,6328,6336,6343,6350,6357,6363,6369,6375,6383,6390,6396,6403,6410,6413,6421,6433,6441,6448,6455,6462,6469,6477,6532,6539,6558,6565,6573,6592,6598,6605,6611,6619,6626,6654,6673,6680,6683,6691,6698,6706,6713,6721,6728,6736,6743,6751,6758,6765,6768,6776,6783,6802,6809,6816,6819,6827,6834,6867,6874,6877,6883,6889],{"data":6216,"content":6217,"nodeType":860},{},[6218,6222,6231],{"data":6219,"marks":6220,"value":6221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Three years ago, we published the poisoned tenant attack as part of the ",{"data":6223,"content":6225,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6224},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix",[6226],{"data":6227,"marks":6228,"value":6230,"nodeType":864},{},[6229],{"type":1455},"Browser and Identity Attacks matrix",{"data":6232,"marks":6233,"value":6234,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Last week, someone used it to target Push Security employees and customers through OpenAI's organization invitation feature. This post breaks down what happened, explores what the payoff is for an attacker, and connects the incident to a broader pattern of SaaS platform abuse that is accelerating across the industry.",{"data":6236,"content":6240,"nodeType":996},{"target":6237},{"sys":6238},{"id":6239,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7upGHPt7eVNji6v22h124t",[],{"data":6242,"content":6246,"nodeType":996},{"target":6243},{"sys":6244},{"id":6245,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"53U3LHhhHFYnEpShdLmDqs",[],{"data":6248,"content":6249,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6251,"content":6252,"nodeType":1009},{},[6253],{"data":6254,"marks":6255,"value":6257,"nodeType":864},{},[6256],{"type":899},"What happened",{"data":6259,"content":6260,"nodeType":1312},{},[6261],{"data":6262,"marks":6263,"value":6265,"nodeType":864},{},[6264],{"type":899},"The invitation",{"data":6267,"content":6268,"nodeType":860},{},[6269],{"data":6270,"marks":6271,"value":6272,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In recent weeks, several Push Security team members have received multiple waves of emails from OpenAI inviting them to join an organization called \"Push Security Inc\". ",{"data":6274,"content":6275,"nodeType":860},{},[6276],{"data":6277,"marks":6278,"value":6279,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The emails came from OpenAI's legitimate notification address (noreply@tm.openai.com), passed all standard email authentication checks, and referenced our company by name. They looked exactly like a routine organizational invitation because, technically, they were one.",{"data":6281,"content":6285,"nodeType":996},{"target":6282},{"sys":6283},{"id":6284,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6JmXCVjUckklFrO7leDqOA",[],{"data":6287,"content":6288,"nodeType":860},{},[6289],{"data":6290,"marks":6291,"value":6292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The invitations were sent by various accounts registered under email addresses that had no affiliation with Push. ",{"data":6294,"content":6295,"nodeType":860},{},[6296],{"data":6297,"marks":6298,"value":6299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OpenAI's invitation email did include a warning — \"The inviter's email domain, gmail.com, does not match your domain, pushsecurity.com\" — but that's a single line in an otherwise completely legitimate-looking email from a trusted platform. The invitation targeted specific employees by their work email addresses, suggesting the attacker had done some reconnaissance on our team. ",{"data":6301,"content":6302,"nodeType":1312},{},[6303],{"data":6304,"marks":6305,"value":6307,"nodeType":864},{},[6306],{"type":899},"One click, no credentials",{"data":6309,"content":6310,"nodeType":860},{},[6311],{"data":6312,"marks":6313,"value":6314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After discussing internally I decided to investigate further by accepting the invite. The acceptance was instant (one click, no credentials or additional authentication). This was particularly notable because it was done from an entirely separate browser to my typical work profile. I wasn’t already logged into ChatGPT from the browser, but clicking the email link was all it took to join my account to the attacker's organization. ",{"data":6316,"content":6317,"nodeType":860},{},[6318],{"data":6319,"marks":6320,"value":6321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"I landed on a confirmation page telling me I'd been added to \"Push Security Inc.\"",{"data":6323,"content":6327,"nodeType":996},{"target":6324},{"sys":6325},{"id":6326,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1YPMilWhyTSV860PCFXxmx",[],{"data":6329,"content":6330,"nodeType":1312},{},[6331],{"data":6332,"marks":6333,"value":6335,"nodeType":864},{},[6334],{"type":899},"What the attacker had set up",{"data":6337,"content":6338,"nodeType":860},{},[6339],{"data":6340,"marks":6341,"value":6342,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Within the organization, the attacker's account appeared under the name of Push's CEO. ",{"data":6344,"content":6345,"nodeType":860},{},[6346],{"data":6347,"marks":6348,"value":6349,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's something of a rite of passage for new Push employees to receive scam texts from someone impersonating Adam, usually with an urgent request that inevitably leads to gift cards. But creating a fully configured SaaS tenant under a CEO's name and inviting specific employees into it is a different level of effort entirely.",{"data":6351,"content":6352,"nodeType":860},{},[6353],{"data":6354,"marks":6355,"value":6356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All invited team members had been assigned the \"Owner\" role, giving them full administrative access to the organization. A Visa credit card was attached to the billing account.",{"data":6358,"content":6362,"nodeType":996},{"target":6359},{"sys":6360},{"id":6361,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"272ejb1WCqvL58rYN3wfSQ",[],{"data":6364,"content":6368,"nodeType":996},{"target":6365},{"sys":6366},{"id":6367,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"9U5oPibmLSuloIIwMdpuG",[],{"data":6370,"content":6374,"nodeType":996},{"target":6371},{"sys":6372},{"id":6373,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6S0boiGqIRqkxsNJWlXMZ0",[],{"data":6376,"content":6377,"nodeType":1312},{},[6378],{"data":6379,"marks":6380,"value":6382,"nodeType":864},{},[6381],{"type":899},"The response",{"data":6384,"content":6385,"nodeType":860},{},[6386],{"data":6387,"marks":6388,"value":6389,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We spotted the attack straight away and raised the alarm internally before deciding to investigate. Several Push employees had been invited to the tenant but either hadn’t seen the emails, or the wrong email address had been added for the employee. ",{"data":6391,"content":6395,"nodeType":996},{"target":6392},{"sys":6393},{"id":6394,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1CQqUTdcJtZWozY7azSuOI",[],{"data":6397,"content":6398,"nodeType":860},{},[6399],{"data":6400,"marks":6401,"value":6402,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By joining the tenant, I was able to see the other employees that had been added, enabling us to speak to each employee to confirm. We could also see that they hadn’t joined the tenant since they were all “invite pending” status. Confirming that nobody had joined (and thus used) the platform was the extent of investigation required. ",{"data":6404,"content":6405,"nodeType":860},{},[6406],{"data":6407,"marks":6408,"value":6409,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We also implemented mail rules to block similar invites from reaching Push employees in future. ",{"data":6411,"content":6412,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6414,"content":6415,"nodeType":1009},{},[6416],{"data":6417,"marks":6418,"value":6420,"nodeType":864},{},[6419],{"type":899},"What's the payoff for an attacker?",{"data":6422,"content":6423,"nodeType":860},{},[6424,6428],{"data":6425,"marks":6426,"value":6427,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker created an OpenAI organization, named it after our company, attached a credit card (which we believe was likely stolen — it's hard to see why a legitimate card would be used for this purpose), researched specific employees, and sent targeted invitations. That represents a non-trivial investment of effort. ",{"data":6429,"marks":6430,"value":6432,"nodeType":864},{},[6431],{"type":899},"So what was the endgame?",{"data":6434,"content":6435,"nodeType":1312},{},[6436],{"data":6437,"marks":6438,"value":6440,"nodeType":864},{},[6439],{"type":899},"Get employees using the platform — then harvest what they put into it?",{"data":6442,"content":6443,"nodeType":860},{},[6444],{"data":6445,"marks":6446,"value":6447,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An attacker who just wants to spray scam content through a trusted email channel doesn't name the organization after their target, research individual employees, or attach a credit card. ",{"data":6449,"content":6450,"nodeType":860},{},[6451],{"data":6452,"marks":6453,"value":6454,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That investment only pays off if employees actually join the organization and start using it. And on an AI platform, the data people put into prompts can be extraordinarily sensitive — source code, internal documents, customer data, security research, strategic plans.",{"data":6456,"content":6457,"nodeType":860},{},[6458],{"data":6459,"marks":6460,"value":6461,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If someone on the team had assumed \"oh, we've got a company OpenAI org now\" and started running work through it, the attacker would be sitting on a live feed of that activity as an org administrator with access to usage logs and API interactions.",{"data":6463,"content":6464,"nodeType":860},{},[6465],{"data":6466,"marks":6467,"value":6468,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The stolen credit card removes a friction point that might otherwise tip someone off: if there were no billing set up and employees hit a paywall when trying to use the API, they'd start asking questions internally about who created the org. A pre-funded account removes friction and the chance to discover that something is up.",{"data":6470,"content":6471,"nodeType":1312},{},[6472],{"data":6473,"marks":6474,"value":6476,"nodeType":864},{},[6475],{"type":899},"SAMLjacking a poisoned tenant?",{"data":6478,"content":6479,"nodeType":860},{},[6480,6484,6492,6496,6504,6508,6516,6520,6528],{"data":6481,"marks":6482,"value":6483,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In August 2023, we published ",{"data":6485,"content":6487,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6486},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/samljacking-a-poisoned-tenant/",[6488],{"data":6489,"marks":6490,"value":6491,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SAMLjacking a poisoned tenant",{"data":6493,"marks":6494,"value":6495,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which demonstrated how an attacker could register a tenant on a SaaS platform using a target organization's name, invite employees to join it, and then leverage that foothold for further attacks — in that case, by configuring a malicious SAML identity provider to harvest credentials. The technique is cataloged in the ",{"data":6497,"content":6499,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6498},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/",[6500],{"data":6501,"marks":6502,"value":6503,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix",{"data":6505,"marks":6506,"value":6507,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (originally the SaaS attack matrix) as an ",{"data":6509,"content":6511,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6510},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/poisoned-tenants",[6512],{"data":6513,"marks":6514,"value":6515,"nodeType":864},{},[],"initial access technique",{"data":6517,"marks":6518,"value":6519,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — and when combined with ",{"data":6521,"content":6523,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6522},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/samljacking",[6524],{"data":6525,"marks":6526,"value":6527,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SAMLjacking",{"data":6529,"marks":6530,"value":6531,"nodeType":864},{},[],", it becomes a lateral movement vector too.",{"data":6533,"content":6534,"nodeType":860},{},[6535],{"data":6536,"marks":6537,"value":6538,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gist is that once an employee has joined an attacker-controlled organization and is treating it as a legitimate company resource, the attacker has a trusted channel for further social engineering — a follow-up message asking team members to connect their SSO, or to authorize a third-party integration that requires OAuth consent.",{"data":6540,"content":6541,"nodeType":860},{},[6542,6546,6554],{"data":6543,"marks":6544,"value":6545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is exactly the attack chain we described in the ",{"data":6547,"content":6548,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6486},[6549],{"data":6550,"marks":6551,"value":6553,"nodeType":864},{},[6552],{"type":1455},"original SAMLjacking post",{"data":6555,"marks":6556,"value":6557,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where a poisoned tenant on a seemingly low-risk platform becomes the entry point for credential harvesting via a malicious SAML configuration.",{"data":6559,"content":6560,"nodeType":860},{},[6561],{"data":6562,"marks":6563,"value":6564,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Based on my research I don’t think this exact scenario is easily possible in the specific context of OpenAI / ChatGPT since domain verification is required in order to enable SAML. However, there are other options to consider. ",{"data":6566,"content":6567,"nodeType":1312},{},[6568],{"data":6569,"marks":6570,"value":6572,"nodeType":864},{},[6571],{"type":899},"Substituting SAMLjacking for project-jacking?",{"data":6574,"content":6575,"nodeType":860},{},[6576,6580,6588],{"data":6577,"marks":6578,"value":6579,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve recently reported on attacks like ",{"data":6581,"content":6583,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6582},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign/",[6584],{"data":6585,"marks":6586,"value":1555,"nodeType":864},{},[6587],{"type":1455},{"data":6589,"marks":6590,"value":6591,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that interestingly also abused ChatGPT — in this case, abusing chat sharing functionality to distribute both malicious instructions and convincing-looking designs that trick the user into navigating to an attacker-controlled site hosting a malicious payload. ",{"data":6593,"content":6597,"nodeType":996},{"target":6594},{"sys":6595},{"id":6596,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5U6imJMpFs8CAohztgHG3x",[],{"data":6599,"content":6600,"nodeType":860},{},[6601],{"data":6602,"marks":6603,"value":6604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the cases we observed in the wild, links were distributed via malvertising. But you could see a scenario in which shared projects or conversations are seeded with chats containing malicious links. Or even perhaps malicious instructions in shared projects (effectively a form of prompt injection). In this way, attackers could trick the user into running malicious commands that interact with other connected apps such as their email, calendar, and a long list of cloud services with access to sensitive company data. ",{"data":6606,"content":6610,"nodeType":996},{"target":6607},{"sys":6608},{"id":6609,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4g0jXhfJ5OMBhDXjfCX8S2",[],{"data":6612,"content":6613,"nodeType":1009},{},[6614],{"data":6615,"marks":6616,"value":6618,"nodeType":864},{},[6617],{"type":899},"This isn't an isolated technique",{"data":6620,"content":6621,"nodeType":860},{},[6622],{"data":6623,"marks":6624,"value":6625,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our experience is a specific instance of a broader trend: attackers weaponizing the invitation and notification features built into SaaS platforms to deliver social engineering through trusted channels. ",{"data":6627,"content":6628,"nodeType":860},{},[6629,6633,6641,6645,6650],{"data":6630,"marks":6631,"value":6632,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In January 2026, ",{"data":6634,"content":6636,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6635},"https://me-en.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/kaspersky-detected-a-scam-exploiting-openais-teamwork-features",[6637],{"data":6638,"marks":6639,"value":6640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Kaspersky reported",{"data":6642,"marks":6643,"value":6644,"nodeType":864},{},[]," a cruder abuse of the same OpenAI invitation feature. When you create an OpenAI organization, the platform lets you set the organization name to any arbitrary string. Attackers exploited this by stuffing scam content directly into the org name field: fake subscription renewal notices, fraudulent phone numbers for vishing callbacks, and links to adult services. In that case, the ",{"data":6646,"marks":6647,"value":6649,"nodeType":864},{},[6648],{"type":899},"org name was the payload",{"data":6651,"marks":6652,"value":6653,"nodeType":864},{},[],", while in our case, the email was the delivery mechanism for a legitimate-looking poisoned tenant. ",{"data":6655,"content":6656,"nodeType":860},{},[6657,6661,6669],{"data":6658,"marks":6659,"value":6660,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In April 2026, ",{"data":6662,"content":6664,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6663},"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/weaponizing-saas-notification-pipelines/",[6665],{"data":6666,"marks":6667,"value":6668,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cisco Talos published research",{"data":6670,"marks":6671,"value":6672,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on what they termed \"Platform-as-a-Proxy\" (PaaP), documenting the same technique across GitHub and Jira — phishing lures embedded in commit messages, welcome messages, and other user-controlled fields that feed into platform-generated notification emails. At its peak, Talos estimated approximately 2.89% of emails sent from GitHub on a single day were associated with this activity.",{"data":6674,"content":6675,"nodeType":860},{},[6676],{"data":6677,"marks":6678,"value":6679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What’s clear is that attackers are abusing SaaS platforms that let anyone create organizations, name them whatever they want, and send invitation emails through the platform's own mail infrastructure. ",{"data":6681,"content":6682,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6684,"content":6685,"nodeType":1009},{},[6686],{"data":6687,"marks":6688,"value":6690,"nodeType":864},{},[6689],{"type":899},"What you can actually do about it",{"data":6692,"content":6693,"nodeType":860},{},[6694],{"data":6695,"marks":6696,"value":6697,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The defensive challenge with poisoned tenant attacks is that they exploit legitimate platform functionality delivered through legitimate sites. There's no malicious URL to block, no spoofed domain to detect, and no attachment to scan. The invitation email is, by every technical measure, genuine. That said, there are practical steps that reduce the risk. ",{"data":6699,"content":6700,"nodeType":1312},{},[6701],{"data":6702,"marks":6703,"value":6705,"nodeType":864},{},[6704],{"type":899},"Get visibility into SaaS organization membership",{"data":6707,"content":6708,"nodeType":860},{},[6709],{"data":6710,"marks":6711,"value":6712,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most organizations have no visibility into which SaaS platform invitations their employees are receiving or accepting. If an employee joins an attacker-controlled Slack workspace, OpenAI organization, or Jira project, the security team typically has no way to know. Any tool that provides visibility into SaaS account creation and organization membership — whether through browser telemetry, IdP monitoring, or platform API integration — closes a significant blind spot. ",{"data":6714,"content":6715,"nodeType":1312},{},[6716],{"data":6717,"marks":6718,"value":6720,"nodeType":864},{},[6719],{"type":899},"Train for invitations, not just phishing",{"data":6722,"content":6723,"nodeType":860},{},[6724],{"data":6725,"marks":6726,"value":6727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Generic phishing awareness training doesn't cover this scenario well, because the emails genuinely aren't phishing in the traditional sense. They're legitimate platform notifications carrying an illegitimate invitation. Employees need to understand that an email from OpenAI, Microsoft, GitHub, or Atlassian can be both technically authentic and part of an attack — and that joining an organization on any platform is a security-relevant action that should be verified through an internal channel before accepting.",{"data":6729,"content":6730,"nodeType":1312},{},[6731],{"data":6732,"marks":6733,"value":6735,"nodeType":864},{},[6734],{"type":899},"Can you protect against domain squatting?",{"data":6737,"content":6738,"nodeType":860},{},[6739],{"data":6740,"marks":6741,"value":6742,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In some cases, you can register your organization name on a platform to prevent others from claiming it, even if you don't plan to use the platform's organizational features immediately. That said, in others you can have lots of tenants with the same name, and there are no protections around companies claiming a tenant ID impersonating your own — as in this case, where an attacker with a random email address was able to create a realistic-looking Push Security tenant. ",{"data":6744,"content":6745,"nodeType":1312},{},[6746],{"data":6747,"marks":6748,"value":6750,"nodeType":864},{},[6749],{"type":899},"Lobby vendors to do better",{"data":6752,"content":6753,"nodeType":860},{},[6754],{"data":6755,"marks":6756,"value":6757,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Platform vendors need to improve invitation controls. OpenAI does include a warning when the inviter's domain doesn't match the recipient's domain, which is better than nothing — but a single line of text in an otherwise polished invitation email is easy to miss.",{"data":6759,"content":6760,"nodeType":860},{},[6761],{"data":6762,"marks":6763,"value":6764,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Platforms should consider requiring domain verification before allowing an organization to use a company's name, adding more prominent warnings for cross-domain invitations, or allowing enterprise customers to restrict which organizations their employees can join.",{"data":6766,"content":6767,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6769,"content":6770,"nodeType":1009},{},[6771],{"data":6772,"marks":6773,"value":6775,"nodeType":864},{},[6774],{"type":899},"The bigger picture",{"data":6777,"content":6778,"nodeType":860},{},[6779],{"data":6780,"marks":6781,"value":6782,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we published the poisoned tenant technique in 2023, it was a theoretical attack that we hadn't seen used in the wild. Three years later, we've experienced it firsthand, and the technique has moved from our attack matrix to our incident log.",{"data":6784,"content":6785,"nodeType":860},{},[6786,6790,6798],{"data":6787,"marks":6788,"value":6789,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The explosion of SaaS platforms in enterprise environments (",{"data":6791,"content":6792,"nodeType":883},{"uri":885},[6793],{"data":6794,"marks":6795,"value":6797,"nodeType":864},{},[6796],{"type":1455},"particularly with the force multiplier that is AI",{"data":6799,"marks":6800,"value":6801,"nodeType":864},{},[],"), each with their own organization and invitation features, has created a sprawling attack surface that most security teams aren't monitoring. Every platform that lets anyone create an organization with any name and invite anyone to join it is offering attackers a trusted delivery channel.",{"data":6803,"content":6804,"nodeType":860},{},[6805],{"data":6806,"marks":6807,"value":6808,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And as AI platforms like OpenAI become standard tools in the enterprise, the value of a poisoned tenant on those platforms — with access to prompts, API usage, and potentially sensitive data — grows significantly.",{"data":6810,"content":6811,"nodeType":860},{},[6812],{"data":6813,"marks":6814,"value":6815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's good that we spend our days thinking about this stuff — the attack was caught quickly because the team is wary of exactly these kinds of techniques, and no data was exposed. The next organization targeted with this technique may not have that advantage, especially if the attacker's tenant sits in the background while employees unknowingly feed it data through their normal work.",{"data":6817,"content":6818,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6820,"content":6821,"nodeType":1009},{},[6822],{"data":6823,"marks":6824,"value":6826,"nodeType":864},{},[6825],{"type":899},"IoCs",{"data":6828,"content":6829,"nodeType":860},{},[6830],{"data":6831,"marks":6832,"value":6833,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve identified the following emails associated with the campaign so far (at least, in terms of the attacks directly targeting Push):",{"data":6835,"content":6836,"nodeType":941},{},[6837,6847,6857],{"data":6838,"content":6839,"nodeType":945},{},[6840],{"data":6841,"content":6842,"nodeType":860},{},[6843],{"data":6844,"marks":6845,"value":6846,"nodeType":864},{},[],"phamvankim2133@gmail[.]com",{"data":6848,"content":6849,"nodeType":945},{},[6850],{"data":6851,"content":6852,"nodeType":860},{},[6853],{"data":6854,"marks":6855,"value":6856,"nodeType":864},{},[],"adam.bateman_928@faeththeraputics[.]email",{"data":6858,"content":6859,"nodeType":945},{},[6860],{"data":6861,"content":6862,"nodeType":860},{},[6863],{"data":6864,"marks":6865,"value":6866,"nodeType":864},{},[],"amelindashaffer99495@gmail[.]com",{"data":6868,"content":6869,"nodeType":860},{},[6870],{"data":6871,"marks":6872,"value":6873,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, the real list is likely to be much larger. We’ve confirmed that similar messages have also been received by Push customers. But it's not like you can easily block access to the tenants themselves — they are \"legit\" OpenAI tenants, using the normal OpenAI domain. And since a new one is being spun up each time, no two attacks will look the same.",{"data":6875,"content":6876,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6878,"content":6879,"nodeType":860},{},[6880],{"data":6881,"marks":6882,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6884,"content":6885,"nodeType":860},{},[6886],{"data":6887,"marks":6888,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6890,"content":6891,"nodeType":860},{},[6892,6895,6903],{"data":6893,"marks":6894,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6896,"content":6898,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6897},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo/",[6899],{"data":6900,"marks":6901,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[6902],{"type":1455},{"data":6904,"marks":6905,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":6907},{"hyperlink":6908,"inline":6909,"block":6910},[],[],[6911,6915,6922,6929,6935,6941,6947,6952,6959,6965],{"sys":6912,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":6913,"buttonLabel":6914,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":6498},{"id":6239},"Check out our browser and identity attacks matrix for a comprehensive overview of attack techniques using a MITRE-inspired mapping.","Check it out",{"sys":6916,"__typename":1724,"title":6503,"caption":6917,"layoutMode":59,"file":6918},{"id":6245},"Browser and identity-based techniques have exploded since we first launched our attack matrix",{"url":6919,"width":6920,"height":6921},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/L0Yc77y9vzrKVD72BQGX2/4ffe0bf61bd62f025262b8efd74394b7/Browser___Identity_Attacks_Matrix__1_.png",6160,4432,{"sys":6923,"__typename":1724,"title":6924,"caption":6924,"layoutMode":59,"file":6925},{"id":6284},"Invitation email showing OpenAI branding, \"Push Security Inc\" org name, and the Gmail sender address",{"url":6926,"width":6927,"height":6928},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3eUI8n1hcCbP6nV2dZ2lLK/1f34b9057cafed9ef1472ea0902d84ac/image4.png",1833,775,{"sys":6930,"__typename":1724,"title":6931,"caption":6931,"layoutMode":59,"file":6932},{"id":6326},"\"Invite accepted\" confirmation page.",{"url":6933,"width":1736,"height":6934},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/38N7FnCMSQz519ZXQfpXo4/f848d30b238b943a47efa29d12b68b87/image5.png",1031,{"sys":6936,"__typename":1724,"title":6937,"caption":6937,"layoutMode":59,"file":6938},{"id":6361},"Settings screen showing the organization name “Push Security Inc”.",{"url":6939,"width":1736,"height":6940},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3bRsNJecXnZPE2VNzS2gRy/5b715bb1b01af459885be77757c94953/image6.png",1129,{"sys":6942,"__typename":1724,"title":6943,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":6944},{"id":6367},"Members page showing the attacker's account and Luke's account.",{"url":6945,"width":1736,"height":6946},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6SXC65KKIl6Kh7jWj24fG7/930d892e37218a1e7f0bbed06edaea6e/image7.png",602,{"sys":6948,"__typename":1724,"title":6949,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":6950},{"id":6373},"Billing page showing attached Visa card.",{"url":6951,"width":1736,"height":6940},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6lXKx1sPEpoPSLP0vWkWmX/042ea3d7a259234bb0ac53f93e79ff99/image2.png",{"sys":6953,"__typename":1724,"title":6954,"caption":6954,"layoutMode":59,"file":6955},{"id":6394},"Several Push employees had been invited to the tenant. Because I was an admin, I could also choose to resend the invites or remove them.",{"url":6956,"width":6957,"height":6958},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4XMXNGxkUOZc8OJIEvAR5X/e51c2460775d712732f6a59bef28d018/image3.png",1936,1428,{"sys":6960,"__typename":1724,"title":6961,"caption":6961,"layoutMode":59,"file":6962},{"id":6596},"The LLMShare attack we recently disclosed also leveraged ChatGPT as a platform to distribute malware.",{"url":6963,"width":1736,"height":6964},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5grmZOTXQcb1uDHhMw8e20/239aece66c5f29745dd2a77fd288de49/image1.png",875,{"sys":6966,"__typename":1740,"content":6967,"name":6990,"title":59},{"id":6609},{"json":6968},{"data":6969,"content":6970,"nodeType":856},{},[6971],{"data":6972,"content":6973,"nodeType":860},{},[6974,6978,6986],{"data":6975,"marks":6976,"value":6977,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI apps are increasingly the ",{"data":6979,"content":6980,"nodeType":883},{"uri":885},[6981],{"data":6982,"marks":6983,"value":6985,"nodeType":864},{},[6984],{"type":1455},"work hub for modern enterprise users",{"data":6987,"marks":6988,"value":6989,"nodeType":864},{},[],", even more so than something like M365 or Google Workspace once was. AI apps acting as the control plane for automation and orchestration across business apps are a security nightmare if compromised — if a user could be tricked into using the attacker’s tenant, connecting it to business apps and accounts, and then inadvertently running malicious instructions, the possible attack scenarios are extensive. ","OpenAI poisoned tenant IB1",{"items":6992},[],{},"Investigating a novel OpenAI poisoned tenant attack","threat-research","2026-06-26T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":6998},[6999,7856,8663],{"__typename":2059,"sys":7000,"content":7002,"title":7839,"synopsis":7840,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":7841,"slug":7842,"tagsCollection":7843,"authorsCollection":7852},{"id":7001},"211Dd0EIrXPOFpvRgs0fEE",{"json":7003},{"data":7004,"content":7005,"nodeType":856},{},[7006,7025,7044,7061,7067,7070,7078,7085,7092,7099,7106,7114,7117,7125,7132,7139,7146,7152,7160,7179,7186,7193,7209,7217,7247,7263,7270,7301,7309,7340,7347,7355,7373,7380,7387,7393,7400,7408,7426,7433,7452,7459,7462,7470,7477,7564,7571,7587,7590,7620,7639,7646,7653,7656,7664,7683,7690,7697,7714,7717,7725,7732,7765,7772,7789,7808,7814,7817,7824],{"data":7007,"content":7008,"nodeType":860},{},[7009,7013,7021],{"data":7010,"marks":7011,"value":7012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we released the ",{"data":7014,"content":7016,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7015},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/saas-attack-techniques/",[7017],{"data":7018,"marks":7019,"value":7020,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS attack matrix",{"data":7022,"marks":7023,"value":7024,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in 2023, we were anticipating a shift that was just beginning to take shape. The techniques that attackers were using to compromise cloud applications and identities weren't well represented in existing frameworks, and many of the ones we documented hadn't yet been widely observed in the wild.",{"data":7026,"content":7027,"nodeType":860},{},[7028,7032,7040],{"data":7029,"marks":7030,"value":7031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A year later, we ",{"data":7033,"content":7035,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7034},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-saas-attack-matrix-one-year-on/",[7036],{"data":7037,"marks":7038,"value":7039,"nodeType":864},{},[],"reviewed what had changed",{"data":7041,"marks":7042,"value":7043,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and found that the initial access phase — the techniques designed to compromise an identity in the first place — was where almost all of the attacker innovation was concentrated. And two years on, that trend has become the story of the modern threat landscape. ",{"data":7045,"content":7046,"nodeType":860},{},[7047,7051,7057],{"data":7048,"marks":7049,"value":7050,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Today, we're re-releasing the matrix as the ",{"data":7052,"content":7053,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6498},[7054],{"data":7055,"marks":7056,"value":6503,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7058,"marks":7059,"value":7060,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The name change isn't cosmetic. It reflects that the attacks driving the most consequential breaches are browser-based and identity-first.",{"data":7062,"content":7066,"nodeType":996},{"target":7063},{"sys":7064},{"id":7065,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"MSnrBRJtiQxpv2qxFLCVE",[],{"data":7068,"content":7069,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7071,"content":7072,"nodeType":1009},{},[7073],{"data":7074,"marks":7075,"value":7077,"nodeType":864},{},[7076],{"type":899},"Why the scope needed to change",{"data":7079,"content":7080,"nodeType":860},{},[7081],{"data":7082,"marks":7083,"value":7084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The original SaaS attack matrix was built around a specific insight: that attacks targeting modern business applications played out entirely over the internet, without touching endpoints or internal networks in any way that EDR or network detection tools would recognize.",{"data":7086,"content":7087,"nodeType":860},{},[7088],{"data":7089,"marks":7090,"value":7091,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That framing was useful, and it remains true. But it anchored the matrix to the post-access phase — what attackers do once they're inside a SaaS application — and didn't give enough weight to the initial access techniques that determine whether attackers get there in the first place.",{"data":7093,"content":7094,"nodeType":860},{},[7095],{"data":7096,"marks":7097,"value":7098,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The problem is that initial access is where the overwhelming majority of attacker innovation and investment is concentrated, and the techniques being used to achieve it are best understood as browser and identity attacks rather than SaaS-specific ones. AiTM phishing, ClickFix and its growing family of clipboard-injection variants, device code phishing, OAuth consent abuse, credential stuffing powered by infostealer supply chains, malicious browser extensions all happen in or via the browser.",{"data":7100,"content":7101,"nodeType":860},{},[7102],{"data":7103,"marks":7104,"value":7105,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another issue is that \"SaaS\" has arguably ceased to be a meaningful category. When we consider that most organizations run the majority of their business on cloud applications, the difference between what constitutes \"SaaS\" versus cloud versus just \"business IT\" is pretty blurry (and feels like an academic rather than practical difference).",{"data":7107,"content":7108,"nodeType":860},{},[7109],{"data":7110,"marks":7111,"value":7113,"nodeType":864},{},[7112],{"type":899},"So it's less about whether an attack is a \"SaaS attack\" and more about how these attacks actually play out. ",{"data":7115,"content":7116,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7118,"content":7119,"nodeType":1009},{},[7120],{"data":7121,"marks":7122,"value":7124,"nodeType":864},{},[7123],{"type":899},"The technique landscape has transformed",{"data":7126,"content":7127,"nodeType":860},{},[7128],{"data":7129,"marks":7130,"value":7131,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The second part to the change is the fact that scale and speed of attacker innovation in the space justifies it.",{"data":7133,"content":7134,"nodeType":860},{},[7135],{"data":7136,"marks":7137,"value":7138,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we launched the matrix in mid-2023, AiTM phishing was emerging as a serious concern but was far from ubiquitous. ClickFix didn't exist as a named technique. Device code phishing was a curiosity documented by a handful of researchers. ConsentFix was years away from being discovered. Browser extension supply chain attacks were rare enough to be individually notable.",{"data":7140,"content":7141,"nodeType":860},{},[7142],{"data":7143,"marks":7144,"value":7145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the two and a half years since, every one of these has become a mainstream, industrialized attack technique — and several have converged in ways that would have been hard to predict.",{"data":7147,"content":7151,"nodeType":996},{"target":7148},{"sys":7149},{"id":7150,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5Kw2kSrL8u4VyslxK8HCtR",[],{"data":7153,"content":7154,"nodeType":1312},{},[7155],{"data":7156,"marks":7157,"value":7159,"nodeType":864},{},[7158],{"type":899},"AiTM phishing has become the default phishing method",{"data":7161,"content":7162,"nodeType":860},{},[7163,7167,7175],{"data":7164,"marks":7165,"value":7166,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing is now the standard, powered by Phishing-as-a-Service kits that operate with the release cycles and customer support of legitimate SaaS products. Tycoon 2FA alone accounted for ",{"data":7168,"content":7170,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7169},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/2025-top-phishing-trends/",[7171],{"data":7172,"marks":7173,"value":7174,"nodeType":864},{},[],"62% of phishing detected by Microsoft",{"data":7176,"marks":7177,"value":7178,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and over 64,000 confirmed incidents, with Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx, and a growing roster of competitors filling out the marketplace.",{"data":7180,"content":7181,"nodeType":860},{},[7182],{"data":7183,"marks":7184,"value":7185,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM is constantly evolving, with vendors adding new features, capabilities, detection evasion techniques, and so on. Abuse of legitimate platforms, and increasingly AI-assisted development means that it’s trivial for attackers to spin up and tear down infrastructure, scale their campaigns, target specific organizations with crafted pages and lures, and generally means that attackers can operate highly sophisticated attacks with minimal effort and complexity. This makes AiTM and other PhaaS-powered techniques extremely accessible to all kinds of criminals.  ",{"data":7187,"content":7188,"nodeType":860},{},[7189],{"data":7190,"marks":7191,"value":7192,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These kits are delivered across several browser-based channels — not just email. Push data consistently shows that roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads we intercept arrive via social media, search ads, messaging apps, or other non-email vectors.",{"data":7194,"content":7195,"nodeType":860},{},[7196,7200,7205],{"data":7197,"marks":7198,"value":7199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Vishing has also surged as a delivery channel — CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":7201,"marks":7202,"value":7204,"nodeType":864},{},[7203],{"type":899},"442% year-over-year increase",{"data":7206,"marks":7207,"value":7208,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and Mandiant found it was the single most common initial vector in cloud compromises at 23%. But the trend that matters isn't voice calls in isolation; it's voice calls combined with browser-based payloads, where a live operator guides the victim into an AiTM page or device code flow that the call alone could not execute.",{"data":7210,"content":7211,"nodeType":1312},{},[7212],{"data":7213,"marks":7214,"value":7216,"nodeType":864},{},[7215],{"type":899},"ClickFix is the top reported initial access vector",{"data":7218,"content":7219,"nodeType":860},{},[7220,7224,7232,7236,7243],{"data":7221,"marks":7222,"value":7223,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix has gone from nonexistent to one of the most prevalent initial access techniques in under 18 months. Microsoft reported it as the ",{"data":7225,"content":7227,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7226},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf",[7228],{"data":7229,"marks":7230,"value":7231,"nodeType":864},{},[],"most common initial access vector in 2025",{"data":7233,"marks":7234,"value":7235,"nodeType":864},{},[],", accounting for 47% of observed attacks, while CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":7237,"content":7238,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},[7239],{"data":7240,"marks":7241,"value":7242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"563% increase",{"data":7244,"marks":7245,"value":7246,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in fake CAPTCHA lures (a top ClickFix style).",{"data":7248,"content":7249,"nodeType":860},{},[7250,7254,7259],{"data":7251,"marks":7252,"value":7253,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix is admittedly an outlier in a browser attacks matrix — the payload ultimately executes on the endpoint, not in the browser — but the delivery is overwhelmingly browser-based: ",{"data":7255,"marks":7256,"value":7258,"nodeType":864},{},[7257],{"type":899},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads",{"data":7260,"marks":7261,"value":7262,"nodeType":864},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive via search engines as a result of malvertising or compromised web pages, not email, which means the browser is the only control point that actually sees the attack before the user pastes the malicious command.",{"data":7264,"content":7265,"nodeType":860},{},[7266],{"data":7267,"marks":7268,"value":7269,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix is now the primary delivery mechanism for infostealer malware, which is in turn the primary source of the stolen credentials and session tokens that power credential stuffing and session hijacking — which means the technique sits at the start of a cycle where one class of browser-delivered attack generates the raw material for the next.",{"data":7271,"content":7272,"nodeType":860},{},[7273,7277,7285,7289,7297],{"data":7274,"marks":7275,"value":7276,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The success of ClickFix has predictably spawned a growing family of derivatives — FileFix, CrashFix, ",{"data":7278,"content":7280,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7279},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/installfix/",[7281],{"data":7282,"marks":7283,"value":7284,"nodeType":864},{},[],"InstallFix",{"data":7286,"marks":7287,"value":7288,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — and much of the naming is marketing hype around variations on the same clipboard-injection mechanic. But ",{"data":7290,"content":7292,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7291},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix/",[7293],{"data":7294,"marks":7295,"value":7296,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ConsentFix",{"data":7298,"marks":7299,"value":7300,"nodeType":864},{},[]," was a genuinely novel development.",{"data":7302,"content":7303,"nodeType":1312},{},[7304],{"data":7305,"marks":7306,"value":7308,"nodeType":864},{},[7307],{"type":899},"Browser-native ClickFix: ConsentFix",{"data":7310,"content":7311,"nodeType":860},{},[7312,7316,7324,7328,7336],{"data":7313,"marks":7314,"value":7315,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ConsentFix is a fully browser-native attack that merged ClickFix-style social engineering with OAuth consent abuse, compromising accounts through a legitimate Microsoft authorization flow with no endpoint component at all. ConsentFix was ",{"data":7317,"content":7319,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7318},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-debrief/",[7320],{"data":7321,"marks":7322,"value":7323,"nodeType":864},{},[],"traced to APT29",{"data":7325,"marks":7326,"value":7327,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and has since been ",{"data":7329,"content":7331,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7330},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-v3-analyzing-a-new-toolkit/",[7332],{"data":7333,"marks":7334,"value":7335,"nodeType":864},{},[],"commercialized on criminal forums",{"data":7337,"marks":7338,"value":7339,"nodeType":864},{},[],", following the same path from state-sponsored technique to commodity criminal tooling that we've seen repeatedly in this space.",{"data":7341,"content":7342,"nodeType":860},{},[7343],{"data":7344,"marks":7345,"value":7346,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ConsentFix demonstrates that the clipboard-injection mechanic can evolve into something that operates entirely within the browser, eliminating the endpoint detection surface that traditional ClickFix still exposed.",{"data":7348,"content":7349,"nodeType":1312},{},[7350],{"data":7351,"marks":7352,"value":7354,"nodeType":864},{},[7353],{"type":899},"Attackers have pivoted to authorization attacks to get around login controls",{"data":7356,"content":7357,"nodeType":860},{},[7358,7362,7369],{"data":7359,"marks":7360,"value":7361,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Authorization attacks like device code phishing have seen a ",{"data":7363,"content":7364,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[7365],{"data":7366,"marks":7367,"value":7368,"nodeType":864},{},[],"37.5x increase",{"data":7370,"marks":7371,"value":7372,"nodeType":864},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with at least 12 distinct kits now offering the technique. It bypasses standard authentication controls — including passkeys — because the attack occurs through the OAuth device authorization flow rather than the standard login flow. ",{"data":7374,"content":7375,"nodeType":860},{},[7376],{"data":7377,"marks":7378,"value":7379,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The technique was first associated with nation-state actors like Storm-2372, but went from espionage-grade to commodity PhaaS tooling in roughly eighteen months, with kits like EvilTokens and Venom now offering turnkey device code phishing as a service.",{"data":7381,"content":7382,"nodeType":860},{},[7383],{"data":7384,"marks":7385,"value":7386,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The device code authorization is effectively performed post-authentication. If you already have an active session in your browser, entering the device code and selecting your account from a drop-down menu is all that's needed. No password or MFA required. You can see an example in the video below.",{"data":7388,"content":7392,"nodeType":996},{"target":7389},{"sys":7390},{"id":7391,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2WPb41lNRajdpt5pogQg8M",[],{"data":7394,"content":7395,"nodeType":860},{},[7396],{"data":7397,"marks":7398,"value":7399,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And the ecosystem is adapting to this opportunity: established AiTM vendors like Tycoon are adding authorization-focused options alongside their existing credential-harvesting capabilities, which points toward multi-technique platforms where operators pick the right tool for whatever defenses the target has in place.",{"data":7401,"content":7402,"nodeType":1312},{},[7403],{"data":7404,"marks":7405,"value":7407,"nodeType":864},{},[7406],{"type":899},"Malicious and hacked browser extensions are one of the fastest growing threats",{"data":7409,"content":7410,"nodeType":860},{},[7411,7415,7422],{"data":7412,"marks":7413,"value":7414,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions have matured from an occasional nuisance into a scalable supply chain attack vector. The ",{"data":7416,"content":7417,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[7418],{"data":7419,"marks":7420,"value":7421,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cyberhaven compromise",{"data":7423,"marks":7424,"value":7425,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in December 2024 — where approximately 35 extensions were weaponized through a single OAuth phishing campaign targeting developers — impacted 2.6 million users and demonstrated that extension supply chain attacks can achieve the kind of reach that used to require a compromised software update server.",{"data":7427,"content":7428,"nodeType":860},{},[7429],{"data":7430,"marks":7431,"value":7432,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since Cyberhaven, the pace has only accelerated. In 2026 alone, researchers have publicly disclosed at least 250 confirmed malicious browser extensions affecting roughly 1.75 million users, alongside a further 370+ extensions engaged in undisclosed or policy-disclosed data harvesting affecting an additional 44 million users. That doesn't count the extensions from late-2025 campaigns (DarkSpectre, AITOPIA, Trust Wallet) whose impacts carried into 2026.",{"data":7434,"content":7435,"nodeType":860},{},[7436,7440,7448],{"data":7437,"marks":7438,"value":7439,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack paths have also expanded. Beyond phishing developers for take over Web Store accounts (the Cyberhaven playbook), attackers are buying existing extensions from developers, waiting for ownership transfers or abandonments to take over, and increasingly vibe-coding their own functional extensions from scratch to build an audience that can later be weaponized. The common thread is that ",{"data":7441,"content":7442,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[7443],{"data":7444,"marks":7445,"value":7447,"nodeType":864},{},[7446],{"type":1455},"most malicious extensions didn't start out malicious",{"data":7449,"marks":7450,"value":7451,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — they started as legitimate tools and were turned into weapons after the fact.",{"data":7453,"content":7454,"nodeType":860},{},[7455],{"data":7456,"marks":7457,"value":7458,"nodeType":864},{},[],"None of this is happening in isolation. The threat landscape has reoriented around browser-based initial access and identity compromise — and the matrix needed to catch up.",{"data":7460,"content":7461,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7463,"content":7464,"nodeType":1009},{},[7465],{"data":7466,"marks":7467,"value":7469,"nodeType":864},{},[7468],{"type":899},"The evolution is playing out in public breaches",{"data":7471,"content":7472,"nodeType":860},{},[7473],{"data":7474,"marks":7475,"value":7476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth reinforcing that when the SaaS matrix was first released, many of these attacks hadn’t been seen in the wild. The change today is staggering:",{"data":7478,"content":7479,"nodeType":941},{},[7480,7502,7524,7544],{"data":7481,"content":7482,"nodeType":945},{},[7483],{"data":7484,"content":7485,"nodeType":860},{},[7486,7490,7498],{"data":7487,"marks":7488,"value":7489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When ",{"data":7491,"content":7493,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7492},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters/",[7494],{"data":7495,"marks":7496,"value":7497,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters",{"data":7499,"marks":7500,"value":7501,"nodeType":864},{},[]," compromised over a thousand organizations' Salesforce tenants through device code phishing, the attack started with a phone call, moved through a browser-based authorization flow for the attacker’s app, and ended with mass data exfiltration via API.",{"data":7503,"content":7504,"nodeType":945},{},[7505],{"data":7506,"content":7507,"nodeType":860},{},[7508,7512,7520],{"data":7509,"marks":7510,"value":7511,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the same collective launched ",{"data":7513,"content":7515,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7514},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-latest-slh-campaign/",[7516],{"data":7517,"marks":7518,"value":7519,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing campaigns",{"data":7521,"marks":7522,"value":7523,"nodeType":864},{},[]," targeting Okta and Entra SSO, the phishing page was operated by a human in real time and delivered over a voice call — not email.",{"data":7525,"content":7526,"nodeType":945},{},[7527],{"data":7528,"content":7529,"nodeType":860},{},[7530,7533,7540],{"data":7531,"marks":7532,"value":7489,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7534,"content":7535,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7291},[7536],{"data":7537,"marks":7538,"value":7539,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 deployed ConsentFix",{"data":7541,"marks":7542,"value":7543,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across dozens of compromised websites, the entire attack chain was browser-native, abusing a legitimate Microsoft OAuth flow to bypass MFA without proxying a single credential.",{"data":7545,"content":7546,"nodeType":945},{},[7547],{"data":7548,"content":7549,"nodeType":860},{},[7550,7553,7560],{"data":7551,"marks":7552,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7554,"content":7556,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7555},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024",[7557],{"data":7558,"marks":7559,"value":3756,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7561,"marks":7562,"value":7563,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — arguably the most consequential credential-based campaign of the past several years — saw 165 organizations breached using credentials that had been sitting in infostealer dumps for years, replayed against Snowflake tenants that lacked mandatory MFA. The attack surface wasn't Snowflake's application logic; it was the identity hygiene gap that every organization carries across hundreds of apps.",{"data":7565,"content":7566,"nodeType":860},{},[7567],{"data":7568,"marks":7569,"value":7570,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And that’s just the big picture. Every month we’re tracking new public breaches involving browser and identity TTPs — which again, are just the tip of the iceberg when you consider that many breaches are settled quietly without hitting the headlines. ",{"data":7572,"content":7573,"nodeType":860},{},[7574,7578,7583],{"data":7575,"marks":7576,"value":7577,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the key drivers here is the shrinking time-to-exploit. CrowdStrike's average e-crime breakout time is down to ",{"data":7579,"marks":7580,"value":7582,"nodeType":864},{},[7581],{"type":899},"29 minutes",{"data":7584,"marks":7585,"value":7586,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with the fastest recorded at 27 seconds. When attackers can move from initial access to data exfiltration within minutes, the window for post-compromise detection collapses to near zero. The best chance of stopping the attack is at the point of initial access before the identity is compromised.",{"data":7588,"content":7589,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7591,"content":7592,"nodeType":1009},{},[7593,7598,7604,7609,7615],{"data":7594,"marks":7595,"value":7597,"nodeType":864},{},[7596],{"type":899},"Sidenote: why we're looking at attacks ",{"data":7599,"marks":7600,"value":7603,"nodeType":864},{},[7601,7602],{"type":2246},{"type":899},"in",{"data":7605,"marks":7606,"value":7608,"nodeType":864},{},[7607],{"type":899}," the browser, not ",{"data":7610,"marks":7611,"value":7614,"nodeType":864},{},[7612,7613],{"type":2246},{"type":899},"on",{"data":7616,"marks":7617,"value":7619,"nodeType":864},{},[7618],{"type":899}," the browser",{"data":7621,"content":7622,"nodeType":860},{},[7623,7627,7635],{"data":7624,"marks":7625,"value":7626,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Calling this a \"browser attacks\" matrix needs clarification. We're not talking about browser exploits — RCE vulnerabilities, sandbox escapes, memory corruption bugs. Those attacks target the browser itself, they're extraordinarily expensive to develop, and they're increasingly rare. Browser zero-days hit a ",{"data":7628,"content":7630,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7629},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/2025-zero-day-review",[7631],{"data":7632,"marks":7633,"value":7634,"nodeType":864},{},[],"historic low of 9%",{"data":7636,"marks":7637,"value":7638,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of all zero-days reported to Google, and a Chrome RCE commands a $250,000 bug bounty.",{"data":7640,"content":7641,"nodeType":860},{},[7642],{"data":7643,"marks":7644,"value":7645,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In comparison, a one-year phishing kit rental costs $1,000. A bulk stolen credential list costs $15. An initial-access-broker-provided IdP admin account costs $3,000. When it costs orders of magnitude less to exploit the person using the browser than to exploit the browser itself, attackers will take the cheaper option every time.",{"data":7647,"content":7648,"nodeType":860},{},[7649],{"data":7650,"marks":7651,"value":7652,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's worth heading off the obvious counterargument: won't AI-assisted vulnerability discovery eventually make browser exploits cheaper? Perhaps — but it will simultaneously make them easier for browser vendors to find and patch, and vendors like Google and Microsoft have the engineering capacity and financial incentive to scale AI-driven remediation far faster than attackers can scale exploit development.",{"data":7654,"content":7655,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7657,"content":7658,"nodeType":1009},{},[7659],{"data":7660,"marks":7661,"value":7663,"nodeType":864},{},[7662],{"type":899},"What hasn't changed",{"data":7665,"content":7666,"nodeType":860},{},[7667,7671,7679],{"data":7668,"marks":7669,"value":7670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The matrix remains open-source, community-maintained, and available on ",{"data":7672,"content":7674,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7673},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks",[7675],{"data":7676,"marks":7677,"value":7678,"nodeType":864},{},[],"GitHub",{"data":7680,"marks":7681,"value":7682,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The goal is the same as it was in 2023: to give offensive and defensive security teams a shared reference point for the techniques that matter most.",{"data":7684,"content":7685,"nodeType":860},{},[7686],{"data":7687,"marks":7688,"value":7689,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We built it because there was a gap in how the industry talked about these techniques, and that gap still exists — MITRE ATT&CK remains essential for endpoint and network TTPs, but the browser-based, identity-first techniques behind most modern breaches are still underrepresented in traditional frameworks.",{"data":7691,"content":7692,"nodeType":860},{},[7693],{"data":7694,"marks":7695,"value":7696,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We continue to maintain the matrix with input from red teams, detection engineers, and threat researchers across the community. Some of the most valuable additions over the past two years have come from practitioners who encountered a technique on an engagement or in an investigation and contributed it back to the repository.",{"data":7698,"content":7699,"nodeType":860},{},[7700,7704,7711],{"data":7701,"marks":7702,"value":7703,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you're an offensive security professional using these techniques on engagements, or a defender building detections against them, we want to hear from you. Submit a PR, open a discussion, or flag a technique we've missed on ",{"data":7705,"content":7707,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7706},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/browser-identity-attacks-matrix",[7708],{"data":7709,"marks":7710,"value":7678,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7712,"marks":7713,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7715,"content":7716,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7718,"content":7719,"nodeType":1009},{},[7720],{"data":7721,"marks":7722,"value":7724,"nodeType":864},{},[7723],{"type":899},"Looking ahead",{"data":7726,"content":7727,"nodeType":860},{},[7728],{"data":7729,"marks":7730,"value":7731,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The pace of attacker innovation in browser-based initial access techniques over the past 18 months has been unlike anything we've tracked before — technique after technique moving from research curiosity to industrialized criminal tooling within months, not years.",{"data":7733,"content":7734,"nodeType":941},{},[7735,7745,7755],{"data":7736,"content":7737,"nodeType":945},{},[7738],{"data":7739,"content":7740,"nodeType":860},{},[7741],{"data":7742,"marks":7743,"value":7744,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM platforms are adding authorization-based attack options alongside their credential-harvesting capabilities.",{"data":7746,"content":7747,"nodeType":945},{},[7748],{"data":7749,"content":7750,"nodeType":860},{},[7751],{"data":7752,"marks":7753,"value":7754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix has spawned fully browser-native variants.",{"data":7756,"content":7757,"nodeType":945},{},[7758],{"data":7759,"content":7760,"nodeType":860},{},[7761],{"data":7762,"marks":7763,"value":7764,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI is lowering the cost of producing convincing social engineering and phishing infrastructure at scale.",{"data":7766,"content":7767,"nodeType":860},{},[7768],{"data":7769,"marks":7770,"value":7771,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We don't see any of this slowing down, and that's exactly why thinking about these attacks as a browser problem instead of siloing them across email, endpoint, network, and cloud categories, each with a partial view of the picture (and still missing the whole when combined).",{"data":7773,"content":7774,"nodeType":860},{},[7775,7779,7786],{"data":7776,"marks":7777,"value":7778,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix is our contribution to keeping that shared understanding current. You can ",{"data":7780,"content":7781,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6498},[7782],{"data":7783,"marks":7784,"value":7785,"nodeType":864},{},[],"explore the matrix here",{"data":7787,"marks":7788,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7790,"content":7791,"nodeType":860},{},[7792,7796,7804],{"data":7793,"marks":7794,"value":7795,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also read our recent ",{"data":7797,"content":7799,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7798},"https://pushsecurity.com/thank-you/browser-attacks-report",[7800],{"data":7801,"marks":7802,"value":7803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser attack techniques report",{"data":7805,"marks":7806,"value":7807,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for more information.",{"data":7809,"content":7813,"nodeType":996},{"target":7810},{"sys":7811},{"id":7812,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1hx6sxpyEzxn4F4jc1RGQi",[],{"data":7815,"content":7816,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7818,"content":7819,"nodeType":860},{},[7820],{"data":7821,"marks":7822,"value":7823,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",{"data":7825,"content":7826,"nodeType":860},{},[7827,7830,7836],{"data":7828,"marks":7829,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7831,"content":7832,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[7833],{"data":7834,"marks":7835,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7837,"marks":7838,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Introducing the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix","We're re-releasing the SaaS attack matrix as the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix. Here's why we've decided to make the change and what it means.","2026-05-08T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-the-browser-and-identity-attacks-matrix",{"items":7844},[7845,7849],{"sys":7846,"name":7848},{"id":7847},"6A5RXS31ZQx3PwryGb1IMy","Browser-based attacks",{"sys":7850,"name":342},{"id":7851},"4ksQNCFeBf8H4QIORqpRLw",{"items":7853},[7854],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":7855},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":7857,"content":7859,"title":8646,"synopsis":8647,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":5641,"slug":8648,"tagsCollection":8649,"authorsCollection":8655},{"id":7858},"Gcg7PGuICrlRcqq1QFXxH",{"json":7860},{"data":7861,"content":7862,"nodeType":856},{},[7863,7870,7877,7908,7915,7921,7927,7939,7942,7950,7966,7973,7979,7986,7993,7999,8002,8010,8017,8023,8029,8036,8043,8061,8067,8070,8078,8096,8102,8109,8112,8120,8127,8134,8140,8146,8189,8196,8199,8207,8214,8221,8264,8271,8302,8309,8352,8359,8362,8370,8389,8396,8404,8419,8426,8445,8452,8455,8461,8467,8483,8486,8494,8513,8520,8640],{"data":7864,"content":7865,"nodeType":860},{},[7866],{"data":7867,"marks":7868,"value":7869,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shared conversations on AI chatbot platforms have become the latest delivery mechanism for malware campaigns targeting macOS and Windows users. Attackers create content on platforms like ChatGPT and Claude that appears to offer installation guidance or service updates, then drive traffic to it via search engine results in the form of malvertising and SEO poisoning.  ",{"data":7871,"content":7872,"nodeType":860},{},[7873],{"data":7874,"marks":7875,"value":7876,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The content lives on chatgpt.com or claude.ai — domains that users and security tools trust implicitly — so the attack bypasses URL reputation checks before the victim even reaches the malicious payload.",{"data":7878,"content":7879,"nodeType":860},{},[7880,7884,7892,7896,7904],{"data":7881,"marks":7882,"value":7883,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Several variants of this technique have been ",{"data":7885,"content":7887,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7886},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-abuse-google-ads-claudeai-chats-to-push-mac-malware/",[7888],{"data":7889,"marks":7890,"value":7891,"nodeType":864},{},[],"reported over the past few months",{"data":7893,"marks":7894,"value":7895,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The earliest examples used shared Claude.ai conversations disguised as installation guides — complete with fake \"Apple Support\" attribution — that walked users through opening a terminal and pasting a curl command that downloaded and executed an infostealer. ",{"data":7897,"content":7899,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7898},"https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/share-chatgpt-chat-clickfix-macos-amos-infostealer/54928/",[7900],{"data":7901,"marks":7902,"value":7903,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Kaspersky documented a parallel campaign",{"data":7905,"marks":7906,"value":7907,"nodeType":864},{},[]," using shared ChatGPT conversations to deliver the AMOS (Atomic macOS Stealer) via the same paste-this-command social engineering pattern. ",{"data":7909,"content":7910,"nodeType":860},{},[7911],{"data":7912,"marks":7913,"value":7914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push has detected a new variant that goes beyond the previously reported technique of embedding terminal commands in shared conversations: the attacker has used ChatGPT's code rendering feature to build a fully designed fake page that mimics a ChatGPT service disruption, redirecting victims to a convincing clone of ChatGPT's download page that delivers a malicious executable. ",{"data":7916,"content":7920,"nodeType":996},{"target":7917},{"sys":7918},{"id":7919,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5lz9zt223pecGvdaqdvSTQ",[],{"data":7922,"content":7926,"nodeType":996},{"target":7923},{"sys":7924},{"id":7925,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"51GomAj3VOjnbmgd1DWYu0",[],{"data":7928,"content":7929,"nodeType":860},{},[7930,7935],{"data":7931,"marks":7932,"value":7934,"nodeType":864},{},[7933],{"type":899},"This is a live campaign which is still generating detections across our customer base at the time of writing. ",{"data":7936,"marks":7937,"value":7938,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push customers are already protected and do not need to take further action. The malicious page URLs can be found at the end of this report but are not exhaustive and are liable to change. ",{"data":7940,"content":7941,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7943,"content":7944,"nodeType":1009},{},[7945],{"data":7946,"marks":7947,"value":7949,"nodeType":864},{},[7948],{"type":899},"A fake page, not a fake conversation",{"data":7951,"content":7952,"nodeType":860},{},[7953,7957,7962],{"data":7954,"marks":7955,"value":7956,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Previously reported variants relied on shared ",{"data":7958,"marks":7959,"value":7961,"nodeType":864},{},[7960],{"type":2246},"conversations",{"data":7963,"marks":7964,"value":7965,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — the attacker created a chat that contained step-by-step instructions for the victim to follow, typically involving pasting a command into their terminal. The social engineering was conversational: the \"AI assistant\" appeared to be helpfully guiding the user through an installation process.",{"data":7967,"content":7968,"nodeType":860},{},[7969],{"data":7970,"marks":7971,"value":7972,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But now, rather than a shared conversation, the attacker has used ChatGPT's code rendering feature to create a fully designed, self-contained web page hosted at a chatgpt.com/s/ URL. It renders as what appears to be a ChatGPT service disruption notice:",{"data":7974,"content":7978,"nodeType":996},{"target":7975},{"sys":7976},{"id":7977,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1O9gyQab81SnbxhQp2aa5Z",[],{"data":7980,"content":7981,"nodeType":860},{},[7982],{"data":7983,"marks":7984,"value":7985,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A professional-looking error message reads: \"We're experiencing high traffic right now. Our website is temporarily unavailable due to a large number of users. Download our desktop app to continue.\" A prominent download button sits below.",{"data":7987,"content":7988,"nodeType":860},{},[7989],{"data":7990,"marks":7991,"value":7992,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The \"Show code\" toggle at the top of the page reveals what's actually happening — the entire thing is custom HTML and CSS, authored to mimic a ChatGPT system notice, rendered using ChatGPT's code output feature. A web page inside a web page, hosted on a domain that every URL reputation system in the world considers safe.",{"data":7994,"content":7998,"nodeType":996},{"target":7995},{"sys":7996},{"id":7997,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4kQTfxB3aVH9W9BeYOuljP",[],{"data":8000,"content":8001,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8003,"content":8004,"nodeType":1009},{},[8005],{"data":8006,"marks":8007,"value":8009,"nodeType":864},{},[8008],{"type":899},"The download page",{"data":8011,"content":8012,"nodeType":860},{},[8013],{"data":8014,"marks":8015,"value":8016,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clicking the download button redirects the user to openew[.]app, which presents a convincing clone of ChatGPT's official desktop application download page — complete with OpenAI branding, macOS and Windows download buttons, a Chrome extension link, and a mobile download section.",{"data":8018,"content":8022,"nodeType":996},{"target":8019},{"sys":8020},{"id":8021,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4MdFc4OB37ZihTGx506QJ6",[],{"data":8024,"content":8028,"nodeType":996},{"target":8025},{"sys":8026},{"id":8027,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"LaPUy0zpIeY8s4PF2wkat",[],{"data":8030,"content":8031,"nodeType":860},{},[8032],{"data":8033,"marks":8034,"value":8035,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The site also displays differently depending on who visits it. When Push researchers examined the URL via URLScan, the scanner was redirected to a different page entirely — a generic AR/VR company website with no obvious connection to ChatGPT. ",{"data":8037,"content":8038,"nodeType":860},{},[8039],{"data":8040,"marks":8041,"value":8042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Real users in a browser see the fake download page; automated scanners and bots see something benign. This kind of conditional rendering is a well-established evasion technique in the malvertising ecosystem, and it makes the malicious infrastructure harder for security teams and threat intelligence services to identify and analyze.",{"data":8044,"content":8045,"nodeType":860},{},[8046,8050,8058],{"data":8047,"marks":8048,"value":8049,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The downloaded executable poses as \"ChatGPT for Desktop\" and is ",{"data":8051,"content":8053,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8052},"https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",[8054],{"data":8055,"marks":8056,"value":8057,"nodeType":864},{},[],"flagged on VirusTotal",{"data":8059,"marks":8060,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8062,"content":8066,"nodeType":996},{"target":8063},{"sys":8064},{"id":8065,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3FSbwoFJYQrcyo9uMsQIWI",[],{"data":8068,"content":8069,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8071,"content":8072,"nodeType":1009},{},[8073],{"data":8074,"marks":8075,"value":8077,"nodeType":864},{},[8076],{"type":899},"The Claude variant: same campaign, different platform",{"data":8079,"content":8080,"nodeType":860},{},[8081,8085,8092],{"data":8082,"marks":8083,"value":8084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside the ChatGPT rendered-page variant, Push has also detected the previously reported style of attack using shared Claude.ai conversations. These follow the pattern documented by ",{"data":8086,"content":8087,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7886},[8088],{"data":8089,"marks":8090,"value":8091,"nodeType":864},{},[],"BleepingComputer",{"data":8093,"marks":8094,"value":8095,"nodeType":864},{},[],": a shared chat disguised as a \"Claude Code on Mac\" installation guide, attributed to \"Apple Support,\" containing a curl command that downloads and executes malware.",{"data":8097,"content":8101,"nodeType":996},{"target":8098},{"sys":8099},{"id":8100,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5sWayuTsVdiLSLoS4sv2Vc",[],{"data":8103,"content":8104,"nodeType":860},{},[8105],{"data":8106,"marks":8107,"value":8108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The fact that both the ChatGPT and Claude variants are appearing in Push customer environments suggests a campaign — or at least a shared playbook — that is actively experimenting with different platforms and different social engineering approaches to find what converts best.",{"data":8110,"content":8111,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8113,"content":8114,"nodeType":1009},{},[8115],{"data":8116,"marks":8117,"value":8119,"nodeType":864},{},[8118],{"type":899},"Malvertising remains one of the top phishing delivery channels",{"data":8121,"content":8122,"nodeType":860},{},[8123],{"data":8124,"marks":8125,"value":8126,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push has detected this variant across multiple customer environments, with users arriving at these shared chat URLs after searching for terms including \"chatgpt,\" \"chatgpt free,\" \"chat gpt,\" and common typos like \"chatgo,\" \"chatgot,\" and \"cvhatgpt.\" ",{"data":8128,"content":8129,"nodeType":860},{},[8130],{"data":8131,"marks":8132,"value":8133,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see an example of this below: it's incredibly convincing, and uses the real ChatGPT domain — so even users that are paying attention are liable to fall for it. ",{"data":8135,"content":8139,"nodeType":996},{"target":8136},{"sys":8137},{"id":8138,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1GYWOyHpZT1rdTm6IGOKu8",[],{"data":8141,"content":8145,"nodeType":996},{"target":8142},{"sys":8143},{"id":8144,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4HpFJRAZH2lbygaEk2xOnN",[],{"data":8147,"content":8148,"nodeType":860},{},[8149,8153,8161,8165,8173,8176,8185],{"data":8150,"marks":8151,"value":8152,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This fits a pattern Push has tracked extensively. ",{"data":8154,"content":8156,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8155},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review/",[8157],{"data":8158,"marks":8159,"value":8160,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Search-based delivery is now the dominant channel for malware distribution",{"data":8162,"marks":8163,"value":8164,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — our own data shows that ClickFix attacks are reached via search results rather than email in 4 of 5 cases, and Push's own research into ",{"data":8166,"content":8168,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8167},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack/",[8169],{"data":8170,"marks":8171,"value":8172,"nodeType":864},{},[],"malvertising campaigns impersonating brands like TradingView",{"data":8174,"marks":8175,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8177,"content":8179,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8178},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/google-search-malvertising-campaign-continues-now-impersonating-ahrefs/",[8180],{"data":8181,"marks":8182,"value":8184,"nodeType":864},{},[8183],{"type":1455},"Ahrefs",{"data":8186,"marks":8187,"value":8188,"nodeType":864},{},[]," has demonstrated how effectively search ads can funnel victims to malicious pages. ",{"data":8190,"content":8191,"nodeType":860},{},[8192],{"data":8193,"marks":8194,"value":8195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The shared-chat technique adds a new dimension: the destination URL itself is genuine (chatgpt.com, claude.ai), which means even a cautious user who checks the URL before clicking will see nothing suspicious.",{"data":8197,"content":8198,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8200,"content":8201,"nodeType":1009},{},[8202],{"data":8203,"marks":8204,"value":8206,"nodeType":864},{},[8205],{"type":899},"Legitimate platform abuse is everywhere",{"data":8208,"content":8209,"nodeType":860},{},[8210],{"data":8211,"marks":8212,"value":8213,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is one example of a much broader pattern that has become one of the defining characteristics of the 2026 threat landscape: attackers systematically abusing legitimate platforms as attack infrastructure. The scale and variety of this abuse in recent months alone is striking, and it spans every stage of the phishing chain.",{"data":8215,"content":8216,"nodeType":1312},{},[8217],{"data":8218,"marks":8219,"value":8220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for delivery",{"data":8222,"content":8223,"nodeType":860},{},[8224,8228,8236,8240,8248,8252,8260],{"data":8225,"marks":8226,"value":8227,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the delivery side, attackers have been ",{"data":8229,"content":8231,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8230},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/amazon-ses-increasingly-abused-in-phishing-to-evade-detection/",[8232],{"data":8233,"marks":8234,"value":8235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"weaponizing stolen AWS credentials to send phishing through Amazon SES",{"data":8237,"marks":8238,"value":8239,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that passes SPF, DKIM, and DMARC validation because SES is a legitimate Amazon service. A Vietnamese operation dubbed ",{"data":8241,"content":8243,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8242},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/05/30000-facebook-accounts-hacked-via.html",[8244],{"data":8245,"marks":8246,"value":8247,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AccountDumpling used Google AppSheet's built-in email capability",{"data":8249,"marks":8250,"value":8251,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as a phishing relay to harvest 30,000 Facebook credentials. ",{"data":8253,"content":8255,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8254},"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/scammers-are-abusing-an-internal-microsoft-account-to-send-spam/",[8256],{"data":8257,"marks":8258,"value":8259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scammers exploited Microsoft's own internal notification pipeline",{"data":8261,"marks":8262,"value":8263,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — sending phishing from the same msonlineservicesteam@microsoftonline.com address that delivers legitimate 2FA codes — with Spamhaus confirming months of ongoing abuse.",{"data":8265,"content":8266,"nodeType":1312},{},[8267],{"data":8268,"marks":8269,"value":8270,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for hosting",{"data":8272,"content":8273,"nodeType":860},{},[8274,8278,8286,8290,8298],{"data":8275,"marks":8276,"value":8277,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For hosting, the platforms being abused read like a who's who of modern web infrastructure. ",{"data":8279,"content":8281,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8280},"https://www.securityweek.com/over-500-organizations-hit-in-years-long-phishing-campaign/",[8282],{"data":8283,"marks":8284,"value":8285,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Operation HookedWing ran for four years",{"data":8287,"marks":8288,"value":8289,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on GitHub Pages and Vercel, compromising 500+ organizations across more than 100 GitHub Pages domains before anyone documented it publicly. Cofense has separately ",{"data":8291,"content":8293,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8292},"https://cofense.com/blog/steal-smarter-not-harder-malicious-use-of-vercel-for-credential-phishing/",[8294],{"data":8295,"marks":8296,"value":8297,"nodeType":864},{},[],"documented the growing abuse of Vercel",{"data":8299,"marks":8300,"value":8301,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for credential phishing hosting. Pixm's Q1 2026 phishing report tracked over 100 unique Azure Blob Storage subdomain variants hosting phishing content that carried Microsoft's own domain reputation, alongside abuse of Cloudflare CDN, Cloudflare Workers, Cloudflare R2, Backblaze B2, and Supabase. ",{"data":8303,"content":8304,"nodeType":1312},{},[8305],{"data":8306,"marks":8307,"value":8308,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Abuse of compromised websites that are otherwise legit",{"data":8310,"content":8311,"nodeType":860},{},[8312,8316,8324,8328,8336,8340,8348],{"data":8313,"marks":8314,"value":8315,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Compromised legitimate sites are also being repurposed at scale. A mass exploitation of a ",{"data":8317,"content":8319,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8318},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ghost-cms-sql-injection-flaw-exploited-in-large-scale-clickfix-campaign/",[8320],{"data":8321,"marks":8322,"value":8323,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost CMS vulnerability planted ClickFix pages across 700+ websites",{"data":8325,"marks":8326,"value":8327,"nodeType":864},{},[]," including Harvard, Oxford, and DuckDuckGo subdomains. Microsoft recently documented a campaign where ",{"data":8329,"content":8331,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8330},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/05/26/poisoned-search-results-gpu-mining-cryptojacking-campaign-abusing-screenconnect-microsoft-net-utilities/",[8332],{"data":8333,"marks":8334,"value":8335,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SEO poisoning was combined with AI chatbot recommendation manipulation",{"data":8337,"marks":8338,"value":8339,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to deliver GPU mining malware — extending the poisoning from traditional search results into AI-generated software recommendations. And ",{"data":8341,"content":8343,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8342},"https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2026/05/27/deno-rat-malware-fake-chatgpt-claude-installers/",[8344],{"data":8345,"marks":8346,"value":8347,"nodeType":864},{},[],"fake ChatGPT and Claude installers on GitHub and SourceForge",{"data":8349,"marks":8350,"value":8351,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have been delivering the DinDoor backdoor and a Deno-based RAT via repositories that mimic legitimate developer tool distributions.",{"data":8353,"content":8354,"nodeType":860},{},[8355],{"data":8356,"marks":8357,"value":8358,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The structural problem is that every one of these platforms is genuinely legitimate, and the security controls that evaluate them — domain reputation, email authentication, URL categorization — confirm them as trusted because they are trusted. This attack extends this pattern into new territory by weaponizing the content-sharing features of AI chatbot platforms specifically, but the underlying principles are the same. ",{"data":8360,"content":8361,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8363,"content":8364,"nodeType":1009},{},[8365],{"data":8366,"marks":8367,"value":8369,"nodeType":864},{},[8368],{"type":899},"Impact analysis",{"data":8371,"content":8372,"nodeType":860},{},[8373,8377,8385],{"data":8374,"marks":8375,"value":8376,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shared-chat malware delivery exploits a structural property of AI platforms that traditional security controls aren't designed to handle. Domain reputation, URL categorization, and safe browsing databases all treat chatgpt.com and claude.ai as trusted — because they are. Using these trusted pages to link off to further convincing-looking pages hosting malware allows the attacker to run campaigns that blend in, as well as rotate the phishing delivery pages later in the chain should they ever be flagged, allowing the campaign to continue without interruption (a well known ",{"data":8378,"content":8380,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8379},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/",[8381],{"data":8382,"marks":8383,"value":8384,"nodeType":864},{},[],"detection evasion technique",{"data":8386,"marks":8387,"value":8388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"). ",{"data":8390,"content":8391,"nodeType":860},{},[8392],{"data":8393,"marks":8394,"value":8395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What makes the rendered-page variant particularly concerning is that it eliminates the most obvious red flag in the earlier attacks. The Claude.ai conversation variants required the victim to recognize that a shared chat instructing them to paste terminal commands might be suspicious — a tall order for many users, but at least the attack surface was visible. The rendered-page variant shows nothing that looks like an attack. It presents what appears to be a routine service disruption with a reasonable call to action: download the desktop app to continue using ChatGPT. ",{"data":8397,"content":8398,"nodeType":1312},{},[8399],{"data":8400,"marks":8401,"value":8403,"nodeType":864},{},[8402],{"type":899},"How Push detected the attack",{"data":8405,"content":8406,"nodeType":860},{},[8407,8411,8415],{"data":8408,"marks":8409,"value":8410,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We've aligned our detection logic for this technique under the name ",{"data":8412,"marks":8413,"value":1555,"nodeType":864},{},[8414],{"type":899},{"data":8416,"marks":8417,"value":8418,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a technique-level detection that covers shared content abuse across LLM platforms, not tied to any single campaign or set of IOCs. ",{"data":8420,"content":8421,"nodeType":860},{},[8422],{"data":8423,"marks":8424,"value":8425,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because Push sees the full context of how a user arrived at a page and what that page does once it renders, we can identify LLMShare attacks regardless of which AI platform is being abused or what social engineering wrapper the attacker has chosen. ",{"data":8427,"content":8428,"nodeType":860},{},[8429,8433,8441],{"data":8430,"marks":8431,"value":8432,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we identified the initial instances of this campaign, we used our ",{"data":8434,"content":8436,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8435},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline/",[8437],{"data":8438,"marks":8439,"value":8440,"nodeType":864},{},[],"agentic threat hunting pipeline",{"data":8442,"marks":8443,"value":8444,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to hunt for additional examples across our customer telemetry, develop the LLMShare detection, and rapidly deploy it to customers. Push blocks users from interacting with the page before any malicious activity can occur. ",{"data":8446,"content":8447,"nodeType":860},{},[8448],{"data":8449,"marks":8450,"value":8451,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push customers do not need to take any further action.",{"data":8453,"content":8454,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8456,"content":8457,"nodeType":860},{},[8458],{"data":8459,"marks":8460,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8462,"content":8463,"nodeType":860},{},[8464],{"data":8465,"marks":8466,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8468,"content":8469,"nodeType":860},{},[8470,8473,8480],{"data":8471,"marks":8472,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8474,"content":8475,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6897},[8476],{"data":8477,"marks":8478,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[8479],{"type":1455},{"data":8481,"marks":8482,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8484,"content":8485,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8487,"content":8488,"nodeType":1009},{},[8489],{"data":8490,"marks":8491,"value":8493,"nodeType":864},{},[8492],{"type":899},"Indicators of compromise",{"data":8495,"content":8496,"nodeType":860},{},[8497,8501,8509],{"data":8498,"marks":8499,"value":8500,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we always say, short-lived IoCs are of limited value when tackling modern phishing attacks due to the rate at which attackers are able to ",{"data":8502,"content":8504,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8503},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/domain-rotation-redirection/",[8505],{"data":8506,"marks":8507,"value":8508,"nodeType":864},{},[],"quickly spin up and rotate the sites used",{"data":8510,"marks":8511,"value":8512,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in the attack chain. IoC-based detections for campaigns like this are of limited value.",{"data":8514,"content":8515,"nodeType":860},{},[8516],{"data":8517,"marks":8518,"value":8519,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At the time of writing, the indicators observed were:",{"data":8521,"content":8522,"nodeType":4845},{},[8523,8549,8572,8594,8617],{"data":8524,"content":8525,"nodeType":4581},{},[8526,8538],{"data":8527,"content":8528,"nodeType":8537},{},[8529],{"data":8530,"content":8531,"nodeType":860},{},[8532],{"data":8533,"marks":8534,"value":8536,"nodeType":864},{},[8535],{"type":899},"Indicator","table-header-cell",{"data":8539,"content":8540,"nodeType":8537},{},[8541],{"data":8542,"content":8543,"nodeType":860},{},[8544],{"data":8545,"marks":8546,"value":8548,"nodeType":864},{},[8547],{"type":899},"Type",{"data":8550,"content":8551,"nodeType":4581},{},[8552,8562],{"data":8553,"content":8554,"nodeType":4569},{},[8555],{"data":8556,"content":8557,"nodeType":860},{},[8558],{"data":8559,"marks":8560,"value":8561,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://claude[.]ai/share/8e6401b5-4849-46c4-a3cb-29e1c3c49131",{"data":8563,"content":8564,"nodeType":4569},{},[8565],{"data":8566,"content":8567,"nodeType":860},{},[8568],{"data":8569,"marks":8570,"value":8571,"nodeType":864},{},[],"URL",{"data":8573,"content":8574,"nodeType":4581},{},[8575,8585],{"data":8576,"content":8577,"nodeType":4569},{},[8578],{"data":8579,"content":8580,"nodeType":860},{},[8581],{"data":8582,"marks":8583,"value":8584,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://chatgpt[.]com/s/cb_6a0f1e6bbec88191aa7fede27163f08d",{"data":8586,"content":8587,"nodeType":4569},{},[8588],{"data":8589,"content":8590,"nodeType":860},{},[8591],{"data":8592,"marks":8593,"value":8571,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8595,"content":8596,"nodeType":4581},{},[8597,8607],{"data":8598,"content":8599,"nodeType":4569},{},[8600],{"data":8601,"content":8602,"nodeType":860},{},[8603],{"data":8604,"marks":8605,"value":8606,"nodeType":864},{},[],"openew[.]app",{"data":8608,"content":8609,"nodeType":4569},{},[8610],{"data":8611,"content":8612,"nodeType":860},{},[8613],{"data":8614,"marks":8615,"value":8616,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Domain",{"data":8618,"content":8619,"nodeType":4581},{},[8620,8630],{"data":8621,"content":8622,"nodeType":4569},{},[8623],{"data":8624,"content":8625,"nodeType":860},{},[8626],{"data":8627,"marks":8628,"value":8629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",{"data":8631,"content":8632,"nodeType":4569},{},[8633],{"data":8634,"content":8635,"nodeType":860},{},[8636],{"data":8637,"marks":8638,"value":8639,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SHA256",{"data":8641,"content":8642,"nodeType":860},{},[8643],{"data":8644,"marks":8645,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"LLMShare: how attackers are turning AI chatbot pages into malware delivery platforms","How attackers are using shared content features on AI chatbot platforms to deliver malware via pages hosted on legitimate domains, sent via malvertising.","llmshare-malvertising-campaign",{"items":8650},[8651,8653],{"sys":8652,"name":7848},{"id":7847},{"sys":8654,"name":342},{"id":7851},{"items":8656},[8657],{"fullName":8658,"firstName":8659,"jobTitle":8660,"profilePicture":8661},"Keanu Maharaj","Keanu","Senior Security Researcher",{"url":8662},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/VCGOm62jiocjwngWTh32U/e9a30637b1c76bf988d2fec90f5b6c36/1689361049351_1.png",{"__typename":2059,"sys":8664,"content":8666,"title":9421,"synopsis":9422,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":9423,"slug":9424,"tagsCollection":9425,"authorsCollection":9431},{"id":8665},"5RDOpmzJolwT1hk0fNIxzf",{"json":8667},{"data":8668,"content":8669,"nodeType":856},{},[8670,8689,8695,8702,8709,8712,8720,8739,8758,8765,8771,8778,8784,8791,8799,8806,8824,8855,8861,8867,8875,8882,8900,8930,8962,8969,8975,8983,8990,9001,9008,9047,9053,9093,9130,9136,9139,9147,9154,9160,9167,9174,9180,9187,9194,9221,9224,9232,9239,9247,9254,9261,9280,9287,9293,9300,9308,9315,9332,9339,9357,9360,9368,9375,9382,9389,9392,9398,9404],{"data":8671,"content":8672,"nodeType":860},{},[8673,8677,8685],{"data":8674,"marks":8675,"value":8676,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Back in 2024, we wrote about ",{"data":8678,"content":8680,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8679},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters/",[8681],{"data":8682,"marks":8683,"value":8684,"nodeType":864},{},[],"how the Pyramid of Pain shapes Push's detection philosophy",{"data":8686,"marks":8687,"value":8688,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — detections targeting indicators that are easy for attackers to change deliver diminishing returns, while detections targeting attacker techniques impose a cost that's hard to absorb. Two years on, every force that made IoC-based detection fragile has intensified.",{"data":8690,"content":8694,"nodeType":996},{"target":8691},{"sys":8692},{"id":8693,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1iuLYxwI8T1wDUIFSom0G0",[],{"data":8696,"content":8697,"nodeType":860},{},[8698],{"data":8699,"marks":8700,"value":8701,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI hasn't introduced a new problem so much as it's compressed the timelines on an existing one — attackers can generate infrastructure, iterate on tooling, and industrialize newly discovered techniques faster than before. The bottom layers of the Pyramid are collapsing under the weight of machine-speed operations, and the middle layers are starting to buckle too.",{"data":8703,"content":8704,"nodeType":860},{},[8705],{"data":8706,"marks":8707,"value":8708,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These changes mean that technique-level detection is more important than ever. In this article, we’ll dig into how the Pyramid is changing, and what this means for our detection philosophy at Push (TL;DR — it reinforces the path we’re already on: building detections at the top of the Pyramid by harnessing browser visibility). ",{"data":8710,"content":8711,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8713,"content":8714,"nodeType":1009},{},[8715],{"data":8716,"marks":8717,"value":8719,"nodeType":864},{},[8718],{"type":899},"The bottom of the Pyramid was already crumbling",{"data":8721,"content":8722,"nodeType":860},{},[8723,8727,8735],{"data":8724,"marks":8725,"value":8726,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The case against indicator-based detection didn't need AI to be compelling. ",{"data":8728,"content":8730,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8729},"https://www.spamhaus.org/",[8731],{"data":8732,"marks":8733,"value":8734,"nodeType":864},{},[],"89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days",{"data":8736,"marks":8737,"value":8738,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with just 6.5% surviving past 15 days — by the time a domain makes it onto a blocklist, the campaign has moved on.",{"data":8740,"content":8741,"nodeType":860},{},[8742,8746,8754],{"data":8743,"marks":8744,"value":8745,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We've ",{"data":8747,"content":8749,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8748},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-most-phishing-attacks-feel-like-a-zero-day/",[8750],{"data":8751,"marks":8752,"value":8753,"nodeType":864},{},[],"written before",{"data":8755,"marks":8756,"value":8757,"nodeType":864},{},[]," about how this makes every phishing attack effectively a zero-day for organizations relying on known-bad detection. The phishing kit's behavior — its page structure, script signatures, malicious payload mechanics — is the only detection target that outlasts a single campaign.",{"data":8759,"content":8760,"nodeType":860},{},[8761],{"data":8762,"marks":8763,"value":8764,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we blogged about the Pyramid of Pain for modern attacks that happen predominantly over the internet, with minimal (or zero) endpoint contact, it first looked like this: ",{"data":8766,"content":8770,"nodeType":996},{"target":8767},{"sys":8768},{"id":8769,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2N04ycJ6RKGfHdX5X1TwU3",[],{"data":8772,"content":8773,"nodeType":860},{},[8774],{"data":8775,"marks":8776,"value":8777,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, it looks more like this:",{"data":8779,"content":8783,"nodeType":996},{"target":8780},{"sys":8781},{"id":8782,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"mfhP4WToOQkrHnVkXU0tX",[],{"data":8785,"content":8786,"nodeType":860},{},[8787],{"data":8788,"marks":8789,"value":8790,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s explore why. ",{"data":8792,"content":8793,"nodeType":1312},{},[8794],{"data":8795,"marks":8796,"value":8798,"nodeType":864},{},[8797],{"type":899},"AI is accelerating phishing rotation and delivery",{"data":8800,"content":8801,"nodeType":860},{},[8802],{"data":8803,"marks":8804,"value":8805,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are harnessing AI at every stage, speeding up the process of creating, rotating, and replacing phishing infrastructure at every level, as well as capitalizing on AI adoption itself to enhance their lures. The operational signature is more domains, shorter lifespans, more variation, and fewer of the reuse patterns that blocklists depend on.",{"data":8807,"content":8808,"nodeType":860},{},[8809,8813,8820],{"data":8810,"marks":8811,"value":8812,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers can ",{"data":8814,"content":8815,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8435},[8816],{"data":8817,"marks":8818,"value":8819,"nodeType":864},{},[],"vibe-code entire phishing pages in minutes",{"data":8821,"marks":8822,"value":8823,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — not just cloning legitimate login pages but vibe-cloning them, feeding an AI a screenshot and having it rebuild a convincing frontend with a completely unique backend. ",{"data":8825,"content":8826,"nodeType":860},{},[8827,8831,8839,8843,8851],{"data":8828,"marks":8829,"value":8830,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We've seen attackers clone free SaaS tools like background removers and PDF converters, then inject phishing components or ClickFix payloads into what looks like a functional utility. We’ve even seen attackers distributing malware using AI-generated pages shared using ",{"data":8832,"content":8833,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6582},[8834],{"data":8835,"marks":8836,"value":8838,"nodeType":864},{},[8837],{"type":1455},"LLM tool sharing functionality",{"data":8840,"marks":8841,"value":8842,"nodeType":864},{},[],", resulting in phishing delivery pages hosted on real claude.ai and chatgpt.com. And legitimate cloud platforms like ",{"data":8844,"content":8846,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8845},"https://www.huntress.com/blog/railway-paas-m365-token-replay-campaign",[8847],{"data":8848,"marks":8849,"value":8850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Railway",{"data":8852,"marks":8853,"value":8854,"nodeType":864},{},[],", Cloudflare Workers, and Vercel host and dynamically rotate attack infrastructure, so the domains feeding into blocklists often belong to reputable services that can't simply be blocked. ",{"data":8856,"content":8860,"nodeType":996},{"target":8857},{"sys":8858},{"id":8859,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5yoLmqysyQazfzLITCUTfc",[],{"data":8862,"content":8866,"nodeType":996},{"target":8863},{"sys":8864},{"id":8865,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5XK5qZMQU19xlA8L2T5y0Z",[],{"data":8868,"content":8869,"nodeType":1312},{},[8870],{"data":8871,"marks":8872,"value":8874,"nodeType":864},{},[8873],{"type":899},"The kit ecosystem is fragmenting faster than anyone can track",{"data":8876,"content":8877,"nodeType":860},{},[8878],{"data":8879,"marks":8880,"value":8881,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What we see across our install base is a huge and growing variation in phishing kits — new kits, derivative kits of known platforms, derivatives of those derivatives — appearing on a weekly basis.",{"data":8883,"content":8884,"nodeType":860},{},[8885,8889,8896],{"data":8886,"marks":8887,"value":8888,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we reported in our ",{"data":8890,"content":8891,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7798},[8892],{"data":8893,"marks":8894,"value":8895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser Attacks Report",{"data":8897,"marks":8898,"value":8899,"nodeType":864},{},[],", the most common AiTM kits we detected over the last year were Tycoon 2FA (59% of detections), followed by Sneaky 2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx (nominally a red team tool, but widely abused by attackers), NakedPages, Gabagool, and dozens more — but those established names are just the visible layer.",{"data":8901,"content":8902,"nodeType":860},{},[8903,8907,8915,8919,8926],{"data":8904,"marks":8905,"value":8906,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Code is forked, modified, and redeployed across kits in a pattern that ",{"data":8908,"content":8910,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8909},"https://blog.barracuda.com/2026/04/16/threat-spotlight-tycoon-2fa-scattered-everywhere",[8911],{"data":8912,"marks":8913,"value":8914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"resembles open-source development",{"data":8916,"marks":8917,"value":8918,"nodeType":864},{},[]," more than traditional criminal enterprise, and the rate at which new variants appear is accelerating. The ",{"data":8920,"content":8921,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[8922],{"data":8923,"marks":8924,"value":8925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Venom kit",{"data":8927,"marks":8928,"value":8929,"nodeType":864},{},[]," reuses Sneaky 2FA's AiTM infrastructure but carries different branding and adds device code phishing — whether it's the same developers, stolen code, or a deliberate fork is unclear.",{"data":8931,"content":8932,"nodeType":860},{},[8933,8937,8945,8949,8958],{"data":8934,"marks":8935,"value":8936,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tycoon 2FA illustrates the scale of the evolution. The kit evolves continuously, addingnew capabilities, new evasion techniques, and hybridizing with other platforms. Even when Sekoia and Microsoft seized 330+ Tycoon domains in March 2026, the techniques it popularized were already embedded across competitors, and the slack was taken up by rival platforms within days. And in any case, Tycoon was back to ",{"data":8938,"content":8940,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8939},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/tycoon2fa-phishing-as-a-service-platform-persists-following-takedown/",[8941],{"data":8942,"marks":8943,"value":8944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"normal levels of operation",{"data":8946,"marks":8947,"value":8948,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shortly after. It has also been observed ",{"data":8950,"content":8952,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8951},"https://www.okta.com/en-nl/blog/threat-intelligence/tycoon_2fa_phishing_actors_scatter/",[8953],{"data":8954,"marks":8955,"value":8957,"nodeType":864},{},[8956],{"type":1455},"pivoting to add new device code phishing capabilities",{"data":8959,"marks":8960,"value":8961,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (more on that below). ",{"data":8963,"content":8964,"nodeType":860},{},[8965],{"data":8966,"marks":8967,"value":8968,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tear one down and there are many more to take its place — and meanwhile the original is already evolving into something new.",{"data":8970,"content":8974,"nodeType":996},{"target":8971},{"sys":8972},{"id":8973,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3UDzUCCizPJhXp3SsoZuSK",[],{"data":8976,"content":8977,"nodeType":1312},{},[8978],{"data":8979,"marks":8980,"value":8982,"nodeType":864},{},[8981],{"type":899},"New techniques are being industrialized faster than ever",{"data":8984,"content":8985,"nodeType":860},{},[8986],{"data":8987,"marks":8988,"value":8989,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As well as the fragmentation of existing kits, we’re seeing new techniques added at an accelerating rate. ",{"data":8991,"content":8992,"nodeType":860},{},[8993,8997],{"data":8994,"marks":8995,"value":360,"nodeType":864},{},[8996],{"type":899},{"data":8998,"marks":8999,"value":9000,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the clearest case study. From early nation state adoption in 2024, it took until 2026 for criminal adoption to really take off, but the take-up this year is unprecedented. The EvilTokens kit packaged device code phishing into a PhaaS offering with GPT-powered spear-phishing and adaptive landing pages, hitting 340+ organizations across five countries in March 2026. ",{"data":9002,"content":9003,"nodeType":860},{},[9004],{"data":9005,"marks":9006,"value":9007,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, device code functionality is now a core phish kit component. We’re tracking 18+ kits with device code phishing capabilities and a 37.5x increase in device code phishing detections this year alone, with the technique moving from state-sponsored exclusivity to something any PhaaS customer can rent.",{"data":9009,"content":9010,"nodeType":860},{},[9011,9015,9023,9027,9032,9036,9044],{"data":9012,"marks":9013,"value":9014,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similarly, when we ",{"data":9016,"content":9018,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9017},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/inside-criminal-phishing-panel",[9019],{"data":9020,"marks":9021,"value":9022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"infiltrated Doko's Panel",{"data":9024,"marks":9025,"value":9026,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a ",{"data":9028,"marks":9029,"value":9031,"nodeType":864},{},[9030],{"type":899},"real-time vishing and AiTM platform",{"data":9033,"marks":9034,"value":9035,"nodeType":864},{},[]," used by ShinyHunters and affiliated groups — the codebase was full of LLM-generated artifacts. Multiple groups were using the templated vishing panel and spinning up their own variants, but the AI-generated indicators persisted throughout. This approach to real-time vishing + browser payload has been a ",{"data":9037,"content":9038,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4082},[9039],{"data":9040,"marks":9041,"value":9043,"nodeType":864},{},[9042],{"type":1455},"mainstay of the Com affiliates like ShinyHunters this year",{"data":9045,"marks":9046,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9048,"content":9052,"nodeType":996},{"target":9049},{"sys":9050},{"id":9051,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"01mOiserRBXraawXwQyJNm",[],{"data":9054,"content":9055,"nodeType":860},{},[9056,9060,9064,9068,9077,9081,9089],{"data":9057,"marks":9058,"value":9059,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The broader ",{"data":9061,"marks":9062,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[9063],{"type":899},{"data":9065,"marks":9066,"value":9067,"nodeType":864},{},[]," family shows the same acceleration: First reported in early 2024 and adopted by four nation-state groups within a single quarter. Fast forward and ",{"data":9069,"content":9071,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9070},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/global-threat-report/",[9072],{"data":9073,"marks":9074,"value":9076,"nodeType":864},{},[9075],{"type":1455},"CrowdStrike's data",{"data":9078,"marks":9079,"value":9080,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shows a 563% increase in fake CAPTCHA incidents (one of the more common ClickFix lure types), while ",{"data":9082,"content":9083,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7226},[9084],{"data":9085,"marks":9086,"value":9088,"nodeType":864},{},[9087],{"type":1455},"Microsoft reported",{"data":9090,"marks":9091,"value":9092,"nodeType":864},{},[]," it as making up 47% of observed attacks according to their Digital Defense Report.",{"data":9094,"content":9095,"nodeType":860},{},[9096,9100,9104,9108,9115,9119,9126],{"data":9097,"marks":9098,"value":9099,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And ",{"data":9101,"marks":9102,"value":7296,"nodeType":864},{},[9103],{"type":899},{"data":9105,"marks":9106,"value":9107,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a combination of ClickFix and OAuth consent phishing techniques — suggests the next compression is already underway. Push researchers ",{"data":9109,"content":9110,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7291},[9111],{"data":9112,"marks":9113,"value":9114,"nodeType":864},{},[],"discovered the technique",{"data":9116,"marks":9117,"value":9118,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in December 2025 — a browser-native ClickFix variant hijacking OAuth consent grants via Azure CLI's localhost redirect. It was later confirmed to be tied to APT29. By January 2026, a ",{"data":9120,"content":9121,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7330},[9122],{"data":9123,"marks":9124,"value":9125,"nodeType":864},{},[],"criminal ConsentFix v3 toolkit",{"data":9127,"marks":9128,"value":9129,"nodeType":864},{},[]," had appeared on the XSS forum with Cloudflare Workers, ZoomInfo targeting, and automated exfiltration via Pipedream.",{"data":9131,"content":9135,"nodeType":996},{"target":9132},{"sys":9133},{"id":9134,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"41FMif4T0y1maflzonWgL8",[],{"data":9137,"content":9138,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":9140,"content":9141,"nodeType":1009},{},[9142],{"data":9143,"marks":9144,"value":9146,"nodeType":864},{},[9145],{"type":899},"Why technique-level detection is the only layer that holds",{"data":9148,"content":9149,"nodeType":860},{},[9150],{"data":9151,"marks":9152,"value":9153,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The middle of the Pyramid — tool signatures and artifacts — used to offer much more durable detection than infrastructure indicators. Fingerprinting a specific phishing kit by its JavaScript structure or HTML patterns provided a detection target that survived across dozens or hundreds of campaigns, even as the underlying domains rotated. Tool level detections are still better, but not by quite the same margin.",{"data":9155,"content":9159,"nodeType":996},{"target":9156},{"sys":9157},{"id":9158,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5pxaYdCIFiFKLPhRaPoldX",[],{"data":9161,"content":9162,"nodeType":860},{},[9163],{"data":9164,"marks":9165,"value":9166,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the kit landscape was dominated by a handful of platforms, you could write signatures for Tycoon, Sneaky2FA, EvilProxy, and so on, and cover the lion's share of attacks. With the ecosystem now producing new variants and entirely new kits on a weekly basis, detecting by kit fingerprint starts to look uncomfortably similar to detecting by domain.",{"data":9168,"content":9169,"nodeType":860},{},[9170],{"data":9171,"marks":9172,"value":9173,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But many of these proliferating kits do share behavioral patterns at a deeper level than their code signatures. For example, every device code phishing kit implements fundamentally the same flow: present a lure, generate a device code via the OAuth Device Authorization endpoint, get the user to enter it on the legitimate authorization page, and poll for the resulting tokens. The frontends vary, the infrastructure varies, but the behavioral pattern doesn't.",{"data":9175,"content":9179,"nodeType":996},{"target":9176},{"sys":9177},{"id":9178,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"FyyHayQtsJTwoB1kluMOl",[],{"data":9181,"content":9182,"nodeType":860},{},[9183],{"data":9184,"marks":9185,"value":9186,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Genuinely new attack techniques still require human creativity — an attacker has to identify a gap in how a legitimate protocol or feature can be subverted. That kind of innovation hasn't been automated. But the window to discover a technique, build a detection, and then deploy it before it is adopted by criminals at scale is compressing with each generation.",{"data":9188,"content":9189,"nodeType":860},{},[9190],{"data":9191,"marks":9192,"value":9193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations that detect at the technique level and deploy before commoditization have a structural advantage that increases over time. Waiting for indicators — even tool-level indicators — means chasing a curve that's accelerating away from you. This is the challenge we grapple with every day as we strive for the most resilient detections possible. ",{"data":9195,"content":9196,"nodeType":1116},{},[9197],{"data":9198,"content":9199,"nodeType":860},{},[9200,9204,9212,9216],{"data":9201,"marks":9202,"value":9203,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As our CPO Jacques Louw put it on ",{"data":9205,"content":9207,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9206},"https://risky.biz/RBNEWSSI128/",[9208],{"data":9209,"marks":9210,"value":9211,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Risky Business",{"data":9213,"marks":9214,"value":9215,"nodeType":864},{},[],": ",{"data":9217,"marks":9218,"value":9220,"nodeType":864},{},[9219],{"type":2246},"\"There's no list of bad domains anywhere in the product. It's a crutch — a false cheat code that stops you from doing the detection in the way that actually is resilient, because the next time you see it, it will be on a different domain.\"",{"data":9222,"content":9223,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":9225,"content":9226,"nodeType":1009},{},[9227],{"data":9228,"marks":9229,"value":9231,"nodeType":864},{},[9230],{"type":899},"What it takes to detect at the top of the Pyramid",{"data":9233,"content":9234,"nodeType":860},{},[9235],{"data":9236,"marks":9237,"value":9238,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If technique-level detection is the only layer that holds, two things have to be true about your detection capability: You need the right vantage point, and you need the research velocity to stay ahead.",{"data":9240,"content":9241,"nodeType":1312},{},[9242],{"data":9243,"marks":9244,"value":9246,"nodeType":864},{},[9245],{"type":899},"You need the right vantage point",{"data":9248,"content":9249,"nodeType":860},{},[9250],{"data":9251,"marks":9252,"value":9253,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Technique-level behaviors in browser-based identity attacks — how a phishing page orchestrates credential entry, how a device code flow presents its authorization prompt, how a ClickFix variant manipulates the clipboard — are visible in the browser session and nowhere else.",{"data":9255,"content":9256,"nodeType":860},{},[9257],{"data":9258,"marks":9259,"value":9260,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Network proxies see encrypted traffic and can attempt to reconstruct page behavior from metadata, but DOM manipulation, user interaction sequences, and script execution aren't visible from that vantage point. Email gateways see the delivery mechanism (or nothing at all in the increasing number of social media and search engine based attacks) but not the payload.",{"data":9262,"content":9263,"nodeType":860},{},[9264,9268,9276],{"data":9265,"marks":9266,"value":9267,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we disclosed in our ",{"data":9269,"content":9270,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7798},[9271],{"data":9272,"marks":9273,"value":9275,"nodeType":864},{},[9274],{"type":1455},"browser attacks report",{"data":9277,"marks":9278,"value":9279,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 95% of in-browser attacks we detect use some form of bot protection, often combined with conditional loading techniques like referrer and browser checks, reliably defeating automated analysis techniques. ",{"data":9281,"content":9282,"nodeType":860},{},[9283],{"data":9284,"marks":9285,"value":9286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Behavioral detection at the technique level requires observing what happens on the page at the moment the user interacts with it — analyzing pages, not links. When you see the entire browsing flow — ad click, redirect chain, page render, credential prompt — an attack stands out immediately. Without that context, any detection system is forced to fill in gaps, and the gaps are where attacks hide.",{"data":9288,"content":9292,"nodeType":996},{"target":9289},{"sys":9290},{"id":9291,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4804g6u4POUDpL42bzP0EY",[],{"data":9294,"content":9295,"nodeType":860},{},[9296],{"data":9297,"marks":9298,"value":9299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push sits inside the browser session, observing this in real time. Its detections target the behavioral mechanics of techniques rather than the surface characteristics of individual kits or infrastructure.",{"data":9301,"content":9302,"nodeType":1312},{},[9303],{"data":9304,"marks":9305,"value":9307,"nodeType":864},{},[9306],{"type":899},"You need the research expertise",{"data":9309,"content":9310,"nodeType":860},{},[9311],{"data":9312,"marks":9313,"value":9314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the window between technique discovery and industrialized exploitation is measured in weeks rather than years, the detection pipeline needs to operate on that same compressed timescale.",{"data":9316,"content":9317,"nodeType":860},{},[9318,9322,9328],{"data":9319,"marks":9320,"value":9321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where our ",{"data":9323,"content":9324,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8435},[9325],{"data":9326,"marks":9327,"value":8440,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9329,"marks":9330,"value":9331,"nodeType":864},{},[]," fits. It's tripled our monthly detection output — not by generating bigger blocklists, but by scaling the process of discovering behavioral patterns across the telemetry generated by 3+ million browser deployments.",{"data":9333,"content":9334,"nodeType":860},{},[9335],{"data":9336,"marks":9337,"value":9338,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The detections it produces are technique-class by design, targeting how attacks work rather than the infrastructure or specific tool that implements them. The goal is curation, not accumulation — hundreds of high-fidelity behavioral detections rather than the billions of signatures and domain entries that traditional approaches require.",{"data":9340,"content":9341,"nodeType":860},{},[9342,9346,9353],{"data":9343,"marks":9344,"value":9345,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we detected the first in-the-wild ",{"data":9347,"content":9348,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7279},[9349],{"data":9350,"marks":9351,"value":9352,"nodeType":864},{},[],"InstallFix attack",{"data":9354,"marks":9355,"value":9356,"nodeType":864},{},[]," through the pipeline — a user had searched for NotebookLM, clicked a paid Google ad, and was redirected to a fake page with a WebAssembly C2 connector — the detection shipped to all customers within minutes. It didn't depend on knowing the domain, the ad creative, or the specific kit. It depended on recognizing the technique itself.",{"data":9358,"content":9359,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":9361,"content":9362,"nodeType":1009},{},[9363],{"data":9364,"marks":9365,"value":9367,"nodeType":864},{},[9366],{"type":899},"Technique-level detection is now the only option",{"data":9369,"content":9370,"nodeType":860},{},[9371],{"data":9372,"marks":9373,"value":9374,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a framework for detection durability, the Pyramid of Pain is more relevant than ever. ",{"data":9376,"content":9377,"nodeType":860},{},[9378],{"data":9379,"marks":9380,"value":9381,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI has made infrastructure indicators essentially disposable. The tools tier is compressing as criminal vendors vibe-code, fork, and clone tooling at machine speed. Technique-level detection is the layer that holds long-term to be able to proactively detect and block net-new attacks and the kits that power them. ",{"data":9383,"content":9384,"nodeType":860},{},[9385],{"data":9386,"marks":9387,"value":9388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Novel attack techniques still require human creativity to discover, and detections built around how those techniques work can survive infrastructure rotation, tool proliferation, and kit fragmentation. Defending that layer requires a vantage point inside the browser session and a research pipeline fast enough to stay ahead of the accelerating path from discovery to industrialization.",{"data":9390,"content":9391,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":9393,"content":9394,"nodeType":860},{},[9395],{"data":9396,"marks":9397,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9399,"content":9400,"nodeType":860},{},[9401],{"data":9402,"marks":9403,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9405,"content":9406,"nodeType":860},{},[9407,9410,9418],{"data":9408,"marks":9409,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9411,"content":9412,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[9413],{"data":9414,"marks":9415,"value":9417,"nodeType":864},{},[9416],{"type":1455},"Book a live demo",{"data":9419,"marks":9420,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Pyramid of Pain in the AI era: Why technique-level detection matters more than ever","AI is accelerating the collapse of indicator-based threat detection. 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Several frameworks now require authentication methods that can withstand AI-enhanced attacks, specifically naming phishing-resistant options like digital certificates and security keys over SMS or voice-based authentication. Beyond authentication, organizations need defenses against AI-powered phishing that bypasses the lure-quality signals users were trained to spot.",{"data":10989,"content":10993,"nodeType":996},{"target":10990},{"sys":10991},{"id":10992,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6v3l0lGH6twfYi2JaM5fKt",[],{"data":10995,"content":10996,"nodeType":1312},{},[10997],{"data":10998,"marks":10999,"value":11001,"nodeType":864},{},[11000],{"type":899},"5. Third-party AI risk and supply chain governance",{"data":11003,"content":11004,"nodeType":860},{},[11005],{"data":11006,"marks":11007,"value":11008,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employees adopt AI tools faster than procurement can track them, and each one that connects to corporate systems via OAuth creates a persistent trust relationship. Regulators now require organizations to know which third-party AI services they depend on, what permissions those services hold, and whether they introduce concentration risk. ",{"data":11010,"content":11014,"nodeType":996},{"target":11011},{"sys":11012},{"id":11013,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7xx2yYRJXBY55qTqBTTZcp",[],{"data":11016,"content":11017,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":11019,"content":11020,"nodeType":1009},{},[11021],{"data":11022,"marks":11023,"value":11025,"nodeType":864},{},[11024],{"type":899},"How the regulations will be enforced",{"data":11027,"content":11028,"nodeType":860},{},[11029,11033,11041],{"data":11030,"marks":11031,"value":11032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The consequences extend well beyond fines. EU AI Act penalties reach ",{"data":11034,"content":11036,"nodeType":883},{"uri":11035},"https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/99/",[11037],{"data":11038,"marks":11039,"value":11040,"nodeType":864},{},[],"€35 million or 7% of global turnover",{"data":11042,"marks":11043,"value":11044,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for prohibited practices, but the operational impact may bite harder: non-compliant AI systems cannot be placed on the EU market, and providers bear direct responsibility for conformity under Articles 16 and 26 — meaning the CISO who signed off on an AI deployment that turns out to be non-compliant has personal exposure, not just a budget line item.",{"data":11046,"content":11047,"nodeType":860},{},[11048,11052,11061],{"data":11049,"marks":11050,"value":11051,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Italy's implementation law (",{"data":11053,"content":11055,"nodeType":883},{"uri":11054},"https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/9bfedfea/italy-enacts-law-no-132-2025-on-artificial-intelligence-sector-rules-and-next-steps",[11056],{"data":11057,"marks":11058,"value":11060,"nodeType":864},{},[11059],{"type":1455},"Law No. 132/2025",{"data":11062,"marks":11063,"value":11064,"nodeType":864},{},[],") goes further, introducing criminal penalties including imprisonment for AI-related offenses like deepfake dissemination.",{"data":11066,"content":11067,"nodeType":860},{},[11068,11072,11080],{"data":11069,"marks":11070,"value":11071,"nodeType":864},{},[],"NYDFS penalties accumulate at $2,500 per day per violation, and the regulator has been aggressive: it levied ",{"data":11073,"content":11075,"nodeType":883},{"uri":11074},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-expansion-of-nydfs-nycrr-part-500-means-for-mfa-compliance/",[11076],{"data":11077,"marks":11078,"value":11079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"$14 million in fines",{"data":11081,"marks":11082,"value":11083,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from companies with inadequate MFA. CISOs sign annual compliance certifications under §500.17 where false certification carries personal liability.",{"data":11085,"content":11086,"nodeType":860},{},[11087],{"data":11088,"marks":11089,"value":11090,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The UK's Data (Use and Access) Act preserves ICO enforcement powers with fines up to £17.5 million or 4% of global turnover, and introduces a new statutory right for individuals to complain directly to controllers about automated decisions, with a 30-day response clock.",{"data":11092,"content":11093,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":11095,"content":11096,"nodeType":1009},{},[11097],{"data":11098,"marks":11099,"value":11101,"nodeType":864},{},[11100],{"type":899},"Where Push maps to these obligations",{"data":11103,"content":11104,"nodeType":860},{},[11105],{"data":11106,"marks":11107,"value":11108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The five obligation categories above map to specific Push capabilities, some directly, others as supporting evidence. Push's relevance to AI regulation isn't a new product direction. The same capabilities that security teams already use for shadow SaaS discovery, phishing defense, and identity posture hardening are what compliance teams need to demonstrate AI governance.",{"data":11110,"content":11111,"nodeType":1312},{},[11112,11117],{"data":11113,"marks":11114,"value":11116,"nodeType":864},{},[11115],{"type":899},"AI inventory and shadow AI discovery.",{"data":11118,"marks":11119,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11121,"content":11122,"nodeType":860},{},[11123],{"data":11124,"marks":11125,"value":11126,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push identifies every AI app, AI browser extension, and AI OAuth integration in use across the organization, not from network traffic patterns or procurement records, but from actual observed usage in the browser.",{"data":11128,"content":11129,"nodeType":1312},{},[11130,11135],{"data":11131,"marks":11132,"value":11134,"nodeType":864},{},[11133],{"type":899},"AI usage policy enforcement and literacy evidence.",{"data":11136,"marks":11137,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11139,"content":11140,"nodeType":860},{},[11141],{"data":11142,"marks":11143,"value":11144,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's custom app banners deliver contextual policy guidance the moment an employee accesses an AI tool: linking to approved usage policies, data handling guidelines, or approved alternatives. Banners are fully customizable: they can include specific instructions, link to AI policy documents or approved alternatives, and messages from the security team tailored to the tool or user group. ",{"data":11146,"content":11150,"nodeType":996},{"target":11147},{"sys":11148},{"id":11149,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4bt65QXDiyTi1eq7wnbHUh",[],{"data":11152,"content":11153,"nodeType":1312},{},[11154,11159],{"data":11155,"marks":11156,"value":11158,"nodeType":864},{},[11157],{"type":899},"AI data exposure controls.",{"data":11160,"marks":11161,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11163,"content":11164,"nodeType":860},{},[11165],{"data":11166,"marks":11167,"value":11168,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push observes what users type, paste, and upload into AI tools, and can apply real-time controls, warning or blocking when sensitive patterns are detected. This is browser-layer DLP scoped to the AI interaction surface: it won't replace a dedicated DLP platform, but it closes the specific gap that most DLP tools miss because they lack visibility into browser-based AI interactions. Push provides the detection and enforcement layer at the point where the data actually leaves the organization.",{"data":11170,"content":11171,"nodeType":1312},{},[11172,11177],{"data":11173,"marks":11174,"value":11176,"nodeType":864},{},[11175],{"type":899},"MFA verification and phishing defense.",{"data":11178,"marks":11179,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11181,"content":11182,"nodeType":860},{},[11183],{"data":11184,"marks":11185,"value":11186,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push detects where MFA is missing and identifies the type of MFA in use, directly supporting the push toward phishing-resistant authentication methods.",{"data":11188,"content":11189,"nodeType":860},{},[11190],{"data":11191,"marks":11192,"value":11193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's behavioral phishing detection stops AiTM phishing, credential harvesting, device code phishing, and ClickFix attacks because Push detects malicious behavior in the browser, making it effective against even AI-powered phishing attacks, or those that are delivered over traditionally unmonitored channels such as search engines, social media, or even via phone call.",{"data":11195,"content":11199,"nodeType":996},{"target":11196},{"sys":11197},{"id":11198,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3hqv1nql8FvB8j7uRiddqB",[],{"data":11201,"content":11202,"nodeType":1312},{},[11203,11208],{"data":11204,"marks":11205,"value":11207,"nodeType":864},{},[11206],{"type":899},"Third-party AI risk visibility.",{"data":11209,"marks":11210,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11212,"content":11213,"nodeType":860},{},[11214],{"data":11215,"marks":11216,"value":11217,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push maps exactly which AI services employees have accessed and used, connected to other business apps via OAuth, what permissions those integrations hold, and who authorized them. This surfaces the AI providers that procurement never approved but employees adopted anyway, before they become a compliance finding or a breach vector.",{"data":11219,"content":11220,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":11222,"content":11223,"nodeType":1009},{},[11224],{"data":11225,"marks":11226,"value":11228,"nodeType":864},{},[11227],{"type":899},"The compliance gap is an observability gap",{"data":11230,"content":11231,"nodeType":860},{},[11232],{"data":11233,"marks":11234,"value":11235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The common failure mode across all five obligation categories is the same: the organization has a policy but can't demonstrate enforcement, because the tooling that would provide evidence operates at the wrong layer. IdP logs show managed authentication but not shadow AI logins. Network tools see traffic to AI domains but not the OAuth consent grants or the data in the clipboard. Annual training records exist but can't prove that an employee received guidance at the point of AI interaction.",{"data":11237,"content":11238,"nodeType":860},{},[11239],{"data":11240,"marks":11241,"value":11242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-layer telemetry closes each of these gaps because it's where the regulated activity actually happens, and where (with Push) you can observe and control it too.",{"data":11244,"content":11245,"nodeType":860},{},[11246],{"data":11247,"marks":11248,"value":11249,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The regulations covered here are the current landscape, but they aren't the final one. AI governance requirements are accelerating: NIST's AI cybersecurity framework profile is expected this summer, CISA's Five Eyes agentic AI guidance landed in May, and EU member states are still building out their national enforcement regimes.",{"data":11251,"content":11255,"nodeType":996},{"target":11252},{"sys":11253},{"id":11254,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"OThPeKuFnpoo1e1FAGsFP",[],{"data":11257,"content":11258,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":11260,"content":11261,"nodeType":860},{},[11262],{"data":11263,"marks":11264,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11266,"content":11267,"nodeType":860},{},[11268],{"data":11269,"marks":11270,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11272,"content":11273,"nodeType":860},{},[11274,11277,11284],{"data":11275,"marks":11276,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11278,"content":11279,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[11280],{"data":11281,"marks":11282,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[11283],{"type":1455},{"data":11285,"marks":11286,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI regulation is here: how browser visibility and control can achieve compliance","AI regulations across the US, EU, and UK are converging on obligations that most organizations can't meet without browser visibility into AI tool use.","2026-06-02T00:00:00.000Z","browser-visibility-and-control-can-achieve-ai-compliance",{"items":11292},[11293,11295],{"sys":11294,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"sys":11296,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"items":11298},[11299],{"fullName":11300,"firstName":11301,"jobTitle":11302,"profilePicture":11303},"John Creaton","John","Head of Legal",{"url":11304},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/ykgZqhGCFFxufznVsqTiM/6bd977c68dd504642f0064bdb90ebdee/1774636973277.jpeg",{"__typename":2059,"sys":11306,"content":11308,"title":12222,"synopsis":12223,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":11289,"slug":12224,"tagsCollection":12225,"authorsCollection":12231},{"id":11307},"I5SoVIYsYVgutpLIzZRpC",{"json":11309},{"data":11310,"content":11311,"nodeType":856},{},[11312,11319,11326,11347,11354,11361,11364,11372,11379,11386,11409,11416,11423,11429,11432,11440,11447,11453,11460,11468,11499,11518,11524,11532,11539,11545,11563,11571,11578,11608,11614,11629,11632,11640,11647,11652,11668,11675,11682,11694,11714,11721,11728,11736,11743,11761,11767,11774,11780,11786,11789,11797,11804,11811,11874,11881,11888,11895,11902,11918,11925,11932,11939,11946,11953,11960,11967,11974,11981,11988,11995,12002,12009,12012,12020,12027,12039,12046,12053,12060,12067,12189,12195,12201,12204],{"data":11313,"content":11314,"nodeType":860},{},[11315],{"data":11316,"marks":11317,"value":11318,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When is a fork not a fork? When it's a browser security platform built to solve both problems of the AI era.",{"data":11320,"content":11321,"nodeType":860},{},[11322],{"data":11323,"marks":11324,"value":11325,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many security leaders are rightly worried about two big problems in the age of AI: AI-enabled attacks targeting their employees via the browser; and employees introducing the risk of data loss through their use of AI tools.",{"data":11327,"content":11328,"nodeType":860},{},[11329,11334,11338,11343],{"data":11330,"marks":11331,"value":11333,"nodeType":864},{},[11332],{"type":899},"For security teams researching browser-based solutions to these challenges, the decision at first looks like a fork in the road: ",{"data":11335,"marks":11336,"value":11337,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Choose a solution that's purpose-built to detect and respond to modern browser-based attacks like AI-enabled phish kits, ClickFix and other *Fix-style attacks, malicious browser extensions, device code phishing, and others; ",{"data":11339,"marks":11340,"value":11342,"nodeType":864},{},[11341],{"type":2246},"or",{"data":11344,"marks":11345,"value":11346,"nodeType":864},{},[]," select an AI governance tool to enforce sensible policies for sensitive data in the browser.",{"data":11348,"content":11349,"nodeType":860},{},[11350],{"data":11351,"marks":11352,"value":11353,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push solves both of these problems. One platform, one SKU.",{"data":11355,"content":11356,"nodeType":860},{},[11357],{"data":11358,"marks":11359,"value":11360,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we'll take a look at the two big AI security and data governance problems that security teams are facing and outline how Push solves them in a single solution. We’ll cover what questions to ask as you evaluate browser security solutions, and describe Push's focus on providing foundational telemetry, detections, and controls that allow you to answer the question “What actually happened here?” not just “What policy was violated?”",{"data":11362,"content":11363,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":11365,"content":11366,"nodeType":1009},{},[11367],{"data":11368,"marks":11369,"value":11371,"nodeType":864},{},[11370],{"type":899},"The AI risks every security team is now responsible for",{"data":11373,"content":11374,"nodeType":860},{},[11375],{"data":11376,"marks":11377,"value":11378,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI is an amplifier, for adversaries and for your employees. Whatever they could do before, they can now do faster, more powerfully, and at scale.",{"data":11380,"content":11381,"nodeType":860},{},[11382],{"data":11383,"marks":11384,"value":11385,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The two risks that every security team now must manage: ",{"data":11387,"content":11388,"nodeType":941},{},[11389,11399],{"data":11390,"content":11391,"nodeType":945},{},[11392],{"data":11393,"content":11394,"nodeType":860},{},[11395],{"data":11396,"marks":11397,"value":11398,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI is making browser-based attacks faster, cheaper, and harder to detect.",{"data":11400,"content":11401,"nodeType":945},{},[11402],{"data":11403,"content":11404,"nodeType":860},{},[11405],{"data":11406,"marks":11407,"value":11408,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employee AI adoption is creating data exposure faster than security teams can respond.",{"data":11410,"content":11411,"nodeType":860},{},[11412],{"data":11413,"marks":11414,"value":11415,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both of these challenges intersect in the same place: The browser. It's the place where adversaries target employees with modern attacks designed to accomplish account takeover and data exfiltration. It's also the place where workers discover and use new AI-enabled apps and introduce risk into the business in the form of data loss, shadow apps, risky browser extensions, and shadow integrations.",{"data":11417,"content":11418,"nodeType":860},{},[11419],{"data":11420,"marks":11421,"value":11422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To address both problems, security teams need visibility and control in the browser.",{"data":11424,"content":11428,"nodeType":996},{"target":11425},{"sys":11426},{"id":11427,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1U2Hmn4XrFpdcxyjxY3aCc",[],{"data":11430,"content":11431,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":11433,"content":11434,"nodeType":1009},{},[11435],{"data":11436,"marks":11437,"value":11439,"nodeType":864},{},[11438],{"type":899},"How AI is transforming attacks",{"data":11441,"content":11442,"nodeType":860},{},[11443],{"data":11444,"marks":11445,"value":11446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the adversary side of the equation, adversaries are using AI tooling to rapidly iterate on new attack types or new iterations of existing browser-based TTPs that target employees to achieve account or endpoint compromise — usually with the end goal of harvesting valuable corporate identities in order to exfiltrate data or hold it for ransom.",{"data":11448,"content":11452,"nodeType":996},{"target":11449},{"sys":11450},{"id":11451,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"G8xv1seFz1wJnY5HpfV6z",[],{"data":11454,"content":11455,"nodeType":860},{},[11456],{"data":11457,"marks":11458,"value":11459,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI is changing attacks in three key ways.",{"data":11461,"content":11462,"nodeType":1312},{},[11463],{"data":11464,"marks":11465,"value":11467,"nodeType":864},{},[11466],{"type":899},"AI has supercharged the iteration and evolution of adversary tools and techniques",{"data":11469,"content":11470,"nodeType":860},{},[11471,11475,11483,11487,11495],{"data":11472,"marks":11473,"value":11474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are using the same AI capabilities as any other engineer who wants to multiply their output. That translates to an array of new attack techniques: multiple increasingly sophisticated variations of the ",{"data":11476,"content":11477,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7330},[11478],{"data":11479,"marks":11480,"value":11482,"nodeType":864},{},[11481],{"type":1455},"ClickFix-style attacks",{"data":11484,"marks":11485,"value":11486,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that use social engineering techniques to get users to unknowingly install malware via malicious scripts; as well as creative ",{"data":11488,"content":11489,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[11490],{"data":11491,"marks":11492,"value":11494,"nodeType":864},{},[11493],{"type":1455},"exploitation of device codes",{"data":11496,"marks":11497,"value":11498,"nodeType":864},{},[],", a legitimate authentication mechanism, that allows attackers to phish access post-authentication.",{"data":11500,"content":11501,"nodeType":860},{},[11502,11506,11514],{"data":11503,"marks":11504,"value":11505,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Device code phishing in particular demonstrates the rapid growth of new techniques, with early documented appearances of the TTP occurring in 2024, and by early the next year, the method had been packaged as a PhaaS offering with GPT-enhanced spear-phishing and customized landing pages. The ",{"data":11507,"content":11509,"nodeType":883},{"uri":11508},"https://www.huntress.com/blog/device-code-phishing-ai-mfa-bypass",[11510],{"data":11511,"marks":11512,"value":11513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"campaign",{"data":11515,"marks":11516,"value":11517,"nodeType":864},{},[]," targeted more than 340 organizations across five countries in March 2026, using personalized AI-generated lures at a scale that would have been impractical to produce manually.",{"data":11519,"content":11523,"nodeType":996},{"target":11520},{"sys":11521},{"id":11522,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"eNUpU2GtGOcXRrHBKHnLN",[],{"data":11525,"content":11526,"nodeType":1312},{},[11527],{"data":11528,"marks":11529,"value":11531,"nodeType":864},{},[11530],{"type":899},"Infrastructure-based detections are increasingly degraded by AI-enabled approaches",{"data":11533,"content":11534,"nodeType":860},{},[11535],{"data":11536,"marks":11537,"value":11538,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI has also collapsed the cost and time it takes to build convincing phishing infrastructure: Attackers can vibecode a convincing phishing page in minutes, burn the domain, and regenerate another one before any blocklist updates. ",{"data":11540,"content":11544,"nodeType":996},{"target":11541},{"sys":11542},{"id":11543,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2obvOhMWjy64h94tEIbx04",[],{"data":11546,"content":11547,"nodeType":860},{},[11548,11552,11559],{"data":11549,"marks":11550,"value":11551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The impact on IOC-based detections that rely on infrastructure elements is severe: When elements constantly change, every phishing attack is essentially a zero-day. Complicating the picture further is the increasing use of legitimate cloud platforms like ",{"data":11553,"content":11554,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8845},[11555],{"data":11556,"marks":11557,"value":8850,"nodeType":864},{},[11558],{"type":1455},{"data":11560,"marks":11561,"value":11562,"nodeType":864},{},[],", Cloudflare Workers, and Vercel, which attackers use to host and dynamically rotate attack infrastructure.",{"data":11564,"content":11565,"nodeType":1312},{},[11566],{"data":11567,"marks":11568,"value":11570,"nodeType":864},{},[11569],{"type":899},"AI is making it easier to build and run omni-channel campaigns",{"data":11572,"content":11573,"nodeType":860},{},[11574],{"data":11575,"marks":11576,"value":11577,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push researchers have written extensively over the last year about malvertising campaigns that serve malicious pages to users via search engine results, enticing them to visit sites designed to steal credentials or deliver malware. ",{"data":11579,"content":11580,"nodeType":860},{},[11581,11585,11594,11598,11604],{"data":11582,"marks":11583,"value":11584,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We've tracked ",{"data":11586,"content":11588,"nodeType":883},{"uri":11587},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis/",[11589],{"data":11590,"marks":11591,"value":11593,"nodeType":864},{},[11592],{"type":1455},"sustained campaigns",{"data":11595,"marks":11596,"value":11597,"nodeType":864},{},[]," impersonating Onfido, TradingView, Ahrefs, Semrush, and others. These campaigns are part of a self-reinforcing criminal ecosystem: Malvertising campaigns paid for by stolen ad accounts, with credential theft that funds the next round of credential theft. And the recent ",{"data":11599,"content":11600,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6582},[11601],{"data":11602,"marks":11603,"value":1555,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11605,"marks":11606,"value":11607,"nodeType":864},{},[]," campaign identified by Push shows how attackers are combining their abuse of AI tools of AI-assisted phishing page creation with malvertising, helping them to spin up lookalike pages quickly and cheaply to serve as convincing lures.",{"data":11609,"content":11613,"nodeType":996},{"target":11610},{"sys":11611},{"id":11612,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2Gwj25KBjClQ5u8uiEYuYR",[],{"data":11615,"content":11616,"nodeType":860},{},[11617,11621,11626],{"data":11618,"marks":11619,"value":11620,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are just a few examples of how phishing has moved beyond the inbox, targeting users through malvertising, SEO poisoning, and social media DMs. Over the last year, Push researchers found that ",{"data":11622,"marks":11623,"value":11625,"nodeType":864},{},[11624],{"type":899},"1 in 3 payloads intercepted by the platform were sent outside of email",{"data":11627,"marks":11628,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11630,"content":11631,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":11633,"content":11634,"nodeType":1009},{},[11635],{"data":11636,"marks":11637,"value":11639,"nodeType":864},{},[11638],{"type":899},"How AI is creating risky employee behaviors ",{"data":11641,"content":11642,"nodeType":860},{},[11643],{"data":11644,"marks":11645,"value":11646,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Meanwhile, on the employee side of the equation, there are three other key concerns that security teams should be paying attention to when it comes to the risks associated with AI use.",{"data":11648,"content":11651,"nodeType":996},{"target":11649},{"sys":11650},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":11653,"content":11654,"nodeType":1312},{},[11655,11660,11663],{"data":11656,"marks":11657,"value":11659,"nodeType":864},{},[11658],{"type":899},"Data leaving the business via shadow AI",{"data":11661,"marks":11662,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11664,"marks":11665,"value":11667,"nodeType":864},{},[11666],{"type":899},"and AI extensions",{"data":11669,"content":11670,"nodeType":860},{},[11671],{"data":11672,"marks":11673,"value":11674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employees are signing up to AI tools directly, beyond the bounds of procurement or security review. That means security teams can't see sensitive data going into LLMs — clipboard pastes of API keys, file uploads to coding assistants, customer data in uploaded spreadsheets, etc.",{"data":11676,"content":11677,"nodeType":860},{},[11678],{"data":11679,"marks":11680,"value":11681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most teams also don't have visibility of AI browser extensions, another avenue for data to leave the business. Extensions are also an attack surface in their own right, as previously benign extensions can be compromised by threat actors through account takeover of the extension developer.",{"data":11683,"content":11684,"nodeType":1312},{},[11685,11690],{"data":11686,"marks":11687,"value":11689,"nodeType":864},{},[11688],{"type":899},"Employees using personal accounts on corporate AI app tenants",{"data":11691,"marks":11692,"value":11693,"nodeType":864},{},[]," ",{"data":11695,"content":11696,"nodeType":860},{},[11697,11701,11710],{"data":11698,"marks":11699,"value":11700,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The 2026 ",{"data":11702,"content":11704,"nodeType":883},{"uri":11703},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/",[11705],{"data":11706,"marks":11707,"value":11709,"nodeType":864},{},[11708],{"type":1455},"Verizon DBIR",{"data":11711,"marks":11712,"value":11713,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found that 67% of GenAI users on corporate devices are using non-corporate accounts, and our own data shows that 38% of file uploads to AI tools are made from shadow accounts rather than approved organizational ones.",{"data":11715,"content":11716,"nodeType":860},{},[11717],{"data":11718,"marks":11719,"value":11720,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That means a large number of employees in most organizations are using AI apps with personal accounts, outside of organizational data governance, retention policies, access controls, or basic security oversight. ",{"data":11722,"content":11723,"nodeType":860},{},[11724],{"data":11725,"marks":11726,"value":11727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The compounding risk is that personal accounts are typically protected by weaker passwords, inconsistent MFA, and credential reuse from other personal services — meaning a compromise of the personal account could give an attacker access to corporate data and tools.",{"data":11729,"content":11730,"nodeType":1312},{},[11731],{"data":11732,"marks":11733,"value":11735,"nodeType":864},{},[11734],{"type":899},"Shadow integrations between AI tools and corporate systems",{"data":11737,"content":11738,"nodeType":860},{},[11739],{"data":11740,"marks":11741,"value":11742,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App-to-app connections accomplished through OAuth are also proliferating faster than most teams can observe and review them. For the average organization, Push sees 17 unique AI app OAuth integrations connected just to Microsoft and Google corporate tenants.",{"data":11744,"content":11745,"nodeType":860},{},[11746,11749,11757],{"data":11747,"marks":11748,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":11750,"content":11751,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},[11752],{"data":11753,"marks":11754,"value":11756,"nodeType":864},{},[11755],{"type":1455},"recent Vercel breach",{"data":11758,"marks":11759,"value":11760,"nodeType":864},{},[]," illustrates the risks of even a single OAuth connection from a compromised third-party AI SaaS provider. This isn't really a new AI threat so much as a shadow SaaS problem that's accelerating alongside AI adoption, given that AI apps are specifically designed to pull data from one system, analyze it in another, and present it in a third — with MCP connections now creating the same kind of persistent, permissioned access through an authentication protocol (OAuth) that most organizations have no process to review.",{"data":11762,"content":11766,"nodeType":996},{"target":11763},{"sys":11764},{"id":11765,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1t2jn4fLxMlH0adMyQqkXk",[],{"data":11768,"content":11769,"nodeType":860},{},[11770],{"data":11771,"marks":11772,"value":11773,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the same web of OAuth-connected apps that is being exposed at scale through AI tool integrations. For many organizations, AI tools are now the hub of modern activity that orchestrates and automates across the mesh of cloud apps, which adds a useful perspective on what's changed. ",{"data":11775,"content":11779,"nodeType":996},{"target":11776},{"sys":11777},{"id":11778,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6cRnPkGdwWXRWcct6LfMzo",[],{"data":11781,"content":11785,"nodeType":996},{"target":11782},{"sys":11783},{"id":11784,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5WQZNpnPETWeys1VqubVW",[],{"data":11787,"content":11788,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":11790,"content":11791,"nodeType":1009},{},[11792],{"data":11793,"marks":11794,"value":11796,"nodeType":864},{},[11795],{"type":899},"What to ask when evaluating browser-based AI visibility and control solutions",{"data":11798,"content":11799,"nodeType":860},{},[11800],{"data":11801,"marks":11802,"value":11803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When you're evaluating AI visibility and control platforms that operate in the browser, there are two lines of questioning that can be useful to unpack.",{"data":11805,"content":11806,"nodeType":860},{},[11807],{"data":11808,"marks":11809,"value":11810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first is the tactical basics: What use cases does the product cover, and how quickly will you see value? In this category, you'll likely be looking for:",{"data":11812,"content":11813,"nodeType":941},{},[11814,11829,11844,11859],{"data":11815,"content":11816,"nodeType":945},{},[11817],{"data":11818,"content":11819,"nodeType":860},{},[11820,11825],{"data":11821,"marks":11822,"value":11824,"nodeType":864},{},[11823],{"type":899},"Depth of visibility:",{"data":11826,"marks":11827,"value":11828,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Can the solution observe both corporate and personal account usage of AI apps? Does the solution work with all major browsers, including emerging AI browsers? Does the solution automatically classify AI apps and automatically discover shadow AI?",{"data":11830,"content":11831,"nodeType":945},{},[11832],{"data":11833,"content":11834,"nodeType":860},{},[11835,11840],{"data":11836,"marks":11837,"value":11839,"nodeType":864},{},[11838],{"type":899},"Granularity of controls:",{"data":11841,"marks":11842,"value":11843,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Does the solution support visibility and control over clipboard interactions, allowing you to identify sensitive data strings like personal access tokens (PATs) or API keys? Does the solution allow you to set multiple enforcement modes (monitor, warn, block) and carve out exceptions for tools, teams and individuals where necessary? ",{"data":11845,"content":11846,"nodeType":945},{},[11847],{"data":11848,"content":11849,"nodeType":860},{},[11850,11855],{"data":11851,"marks":11852,"value":11854,"nodeType":864},{},[11853],{"type":899},"Ease of deployment:",{"data":11856,"marks":11857,"value":11858,"nodeType":864},{},[]," How is the solution deployed? Browser extension-based solutions like Push can be deployed at scale in an hour. Solutions that require an endpoint agent or a complete browser replacement will be a heavier lift.",{"data":11860,"content":11861,"nodeType":945},{},[11862],{"data":11863,"content":11864,"nodeType":860},{},[11865,11870],{"data":11866,"marks":11867,"value":11869,"nodeType":864},{},[11868],{"type":899},"Scope of coverage:",{"data":11871,"marks":11872,"value":11873,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Does the solution only enforce policy around AI usage, or does it also prevent AI-enabled attacks in the browser? ",{"data":11875,"content":11876,"nodeType":860},{},[11877],{"data":11878,"marks":11879,"value":11880,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The second set of questions is more about the underlying architectural choices a product has made, and how those translate into actionable intelligence for security teams — or where there may be blind spots. In this category, you will want to ask:",{"data":11882,"content":11883,"nodeType":1312},{},[11884],{"data":11885,"marks":11886,"value":11887,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Does the tool capture AI interactions that didn’t trigger a policy violation — or only the ones it blocked?",{"data":11889,"content":11890,"nodeType":860},{},[11891],{"data":11892,"marks":11893,"value":11894,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the most useful diagnostic if you're focused on understanding the wider security meaning and impact of an AI interaction, not just whether it violated a policy. ",{"data":11896,"content":11897,"nodeType":860},{},[11898],{"data":11899,"marks":11900,"value":11901,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enforcement-first tools record what they stopped: blocked uploads, attempted usage of unapproved apps, flagged file names, etc. ",{"data":11903,"content":11904,"nodeType":860},{},[11905,11909,11914],{"data":11906,"marks":11907,"value":11908,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That's useful for compliance reporting but incomplete for security investigation, because ",{"data":11910,"marks":11911,"value":11913,"nodeType":864},{},[11912],{"type":899},"the most significant events are often the ones that looked normal at the time",{"data":11915,"marks":11916,"value":11917,"nodeType":864},{},[],": A user whose behavior shifted gradually over weeks before a resignation. An approved AI browser extension that updates its permissions, putting it in risky territory. An OAuth consent grant that was technically permitted but shouldn't have been.",{"data":11919,"content":11920,"nodeType":860},{},[11921],{"data":11922,"marks":11923,"value":11924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ask whether the tool can collect user behavior telemetry, file upload and download activity, and AI usage logs for permitted events — not just policy violations — and whether that telemetry can be forwarded to your SIEM. ",{"data":11926,"content":11927,"nodeType":860},{},[11928],{"data":11929,"marks":11930,"value":11931,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One approach gives you an investigation tool. The other gives you compliance alerts without deeper context.",{"data":11933,"content":11934,"nodeType":1312},{},[11935],{"data":11936,"marks":11937,"value":11938,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When an AI agent requests OAuth permissions to access your organization's data, does the tool capture the consent flow — what scopes were requested on which app, which user initiated the consent, and what was the outcome?",{"data":11940,"content":11941,"nodeType":860},{},[11942],{"data":11943,"marks":11944,"value":11945,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most enforcement-first tools treat OAuth as a binary: approved app or blocked app. That was a reasonable model when OAuth grants were primarily app-to-app integrations managed by IT. It isn't sufficient for agentic AI.",{"data":11947,"content":11948,"nodeType":860},{},[11949],{"data":11950,"marks":11951,"value":11952,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI agents request OAuth permissions to access organizational data on behalf of users. These are user-initiated consent grants that happen inside browser sessions, often with broad scopes, and frequently without security team awareness. The right tool needs to capture the consent event itself: what permissions were requested, what scopes were granted, who approved them, and what application received them. ",{"data":11954,"content":11955,"nodeType":860},{},[11956],{"data":11957,"marks":11958,"value":11959,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ask whether the tool monitors OAuth consent flows across authorization servers, whether it can warn or block consent grants in real time based on policy, and whether that coverage extends to AI-enabled apps and MCP connections.",{"data":11961,"content":11962,"nodeType":1312},{},[11963],{"data":11964,"marks":11965,"value":11966,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a new browser attack technique emerges that no tool has a signature for, how long does it take the platform to detect it — and can you show a specific example?",{"data":11968,"content":11969,"nodeType":860},{},[11970],{"data":11971,"marks":11972,"value":11973,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are rotating infrastructure in hours and using AI to generate new lures and phishing pages at scale. A detection model built on blocklists, reputation feeds, and known-bad indicators is architecturally behind any novel technique because by the time the indicator appears on a feed, the attacker has already moved on.",{"data":11975,"content":11976,"nodeType":860},{},[11977],{"data":11978,"marks":11979,"value":11980,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ask vendors to show you a specific detection that fired on a novel technique before the infrastructure appeared on any threat feed.",{"data":11982,"content":11983,"nodeType":1312},{},[11984],{"data":11985,"marks":11986,"value":11987,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What browser telemetry reaches your SIEM — just alerts, or the underlying session data that makes those alerts investigable?",{"data":11989,"content":11990,"nodeType":860},{},[11991],{"data":11992,"marks":11993,"value":11994,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ask to see a sample SIEM event from a real detection. Many browser security tools integrate with SIEMs, but the depth of what they forward varies a lot. ",{"data":11996,"content":11997,"nodeType":860},{},[11998],{"data":11999,"marks":12000,"value":12001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Some send alert metadata that captures policy violations, timestamps, and involved users. Others forward a broader set of telemetry for deeper context — credential reuse, app logins, newly installed extensions, detected phishing kits, file uploads, clipboard activity, OAuth consent flows, file downloads, etc. ",{"data":12003,"content":12004,"nodeType":860},{},[12005],{"data":12006,"marks":12007,"value":12008,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The difference determines whether your SOC team can easily correlate signals from the browser-based tool with other layers of their stack and begin an investigation from the SIEM event itself — or whether they need to pivot back into the vendor's console for the actual evidence.",{"data":12010,"content":12011,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":12013,"content":12014,"nodeType":1009},{},[12015],{"data":12016,"marks":12017,"value":12019,"nodeType":864},{},[12018],{"type":899},"AI visibility and control is a feature of the right browser security platform, not a separate purchase",{"data":12021,"content":12022,"nodeType":860},{},[12023],{"data":12024,"marks":12025,"value":12026,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ultimately, the choice of browser platform for solving the two big problems of the AI era comes down to whether you need broader attack coverage and telemetry context in order to secure your organization, or whether a policy-based approach is enough. ",{"data":12028,"content":12029,"nodeType":860},{},[12030,12034],{"data":12031,"marks":12032,"value":12033,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push treats the challenges of stopping AI-enabled attacks and providing visibility and control over AI usage as features that extend naturally from the platform's underlying architectural model: Rich browser-layer telemetry in ",{"data":12035,"marks":12036,"value":12038,"nodeType":864},{},[12037],{"type":899},"a single tool that helps security teams answer the question “What actually happened here?” not just “What policy was violated?”",{"data":12040,"content":12041,"nodeType":860},{},[12042],{"data":12043,"marks":12044,"value":12045,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This unified architecture matters because the AI control problem and the browser threat detection problem share a root cause: Security-relevant activity is happening inside browser sessions that most tools can't see. ",{"data":12047,"content":12048,"nodeType":860},{},[12049],{"data":12050,"marks":12051,"value":12052,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A standalone AI governance tool can tell you which AI apps are in use and whether employees violated a usage policy. It can't tell you whether the OAuth grant an AI agent just received was part of a broader pattern that includes credential entry on an unfamiliar domain, a clipboard paste from an internal document, and a login to a shadow SaaS app — all in the same session, all visible in the same telemetry stream. ",{"data":12054,"content":12055,"nodeType":860},{},[12056],{"data":12057,"marks":12058,"value":12059,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Separating AI governance from browser security means maintaining two tools that each only see half the picture. ",{"data":12061,"content":12062,"nodeType":1312},{},[12063],{"data":12064,"marks":12065,"value":12066,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How Push can help",{"data":12068,"content":12069,"nodeType":941},{},[12070,12093,12115,12137,12147,12157,12167],{"data":12071,"content":12072,"nodeType":945},{},[12073],{"data":12074,"content":12075,"nodeType":860},{},[12076,12080,12089],{"data":12077,"marks":12078,"value":12079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block emerging ",{"data":12081,"content":12083,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12082},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-the-browser-and-identity-attacks-matrix/",[12084],{"data":12085,"marks":12086,"value":12088,"nodeType":864},{},[12087],{"type":1455},"browser-based attack techniques",{"data":12090,"marks":12091,"value":12092,"nodeType":864},{},[],", including AI-enabled phishing and quickly evolving *Fix-style attacks.",{"data":12094,"content":12095,"nodeType":945},{},[12096],{"data":12097,"content":12098,"nodeType":860},{},[12099,12103,12111],{"data":12100,"marks":12101,"value":12102,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Benefit from Push's ",{"data":12104,"content":12105,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8435},[12106],{"data":12107,"marks":12108,"value":12110,"nodeType":864},{},[12109],{"type":1455},"agentic detection pipeline",{"data":12112,"marks":12113,"value":12114,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which continuously hunts across customer environments to identify emerging threats and ship new detections.",{"data":12116,"content":12117,"nodeType":945},{},[12118],{"data":12119,"content":12120,"nodeType":860},{},[12121,12124,12133],{"data":12122,"marks":12123,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":12125,"content":12127,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12126},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/engineering/rest-v1",[12128],{"data":12129,"marks":12130,"value":12132,"nodeType":864},{},[12131],{"type":1455},"Stream telemetry",{"data":12134,"marks":12135,"value":12136,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to your SIEM for a wide variety of events, including attack detections; newly installed browser extensions or newly adopted apps; updates to extension permissions; file uploads and downloads; clipboard pastes; app logins; credential reuse; OAuth consents; and more.",{"data":12138,"content":12139,"nodeType":945},{},[12140],{"data":12141,"content":12142,"nodeType":860},{},[12143],{"data":12144,"marks":12145,"value":12146,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block file uploads and 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first, it may seem like an obvious choice, partly because the category name \"Secure Enterprise Browser\" implies the answer is a full-stack browser. 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The majority of vendors Gartner places in the SEB category are now extensions rather than full browsers, and Gartner explicitly notes that extensions have become the preferred option. ",{"data":15837,"content":15838,"nodeType":1116},{},[15839],{"data":15840,"content":15841,"nodeType":860},{},[15842,15846,15854],{"data":15843,"marks":15844,"value":15845,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The buyer-side data tells the same story: In ",{"data":15847,"content":15848,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[15849],{"data":15850,"marks":15851,"value":15853,"nodeType":864},{},[15852],{"type":1455},"Omdia's 2026 survey of 400 IT and security professionals",{"data":15855,"marks":15856,"value":15857,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 48% of organizations cited the ability to use their existing browsers as an important attribute in a secure browsing solution.",{"data":15859,"content":15860,"nodeType":860},{},[15861],{"data":15862,"marks":15863,"value":15864,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The truth is: Full-stack enterprise browsers and browser security extensions like Push aren’t competing products. They serve different needs for different teams, though they often get evaluated against each other.",{"data":15866,"content":15867,"nodeType":860},{},[15868],{"data":15869,"marks":15870,"value":15871,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full-stack enterprise browsers serve the IT team's need to control the workspace. Browser security extensions like Push meet the security team's need to protect their users as they work in their browsers — a fundamentally different problem. ",{"data":15873,"content":15874,"nodeType":860},{},[15875],{"data":15876,"marks":15877,"value":15878,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’ll cover why a feature-by-feature checklist is the wrong approach when selecting a secure browser platform, and what questions to consider instead. We’ll also discuss what each type of solution excels at, where Push fits in, and how to map your needs to the right solution.",{"data":15880,"content":15881,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":15883,"content":15884,"nodeType":1009},{},[15885],{"data":15886,"marks":15887,"value":15889,"nodeType":864},{},[15888],{"type":899},"Full-stack enterprise browsers meet the IT team's need to control a workspace",{"data":15891,"content":15892,"nodeType":860},{},[15893],{"data":15894,"marks":15895,"value":15896,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full-stack enterprise browsers like Island, Prisma Browser, and SURF Security are best understood as managed workspace platforms rather than browsers in the conventional sense. ",{"data":15898,"content":15899,"nodeType":1116},{},[15900],{"data":15901,"content":15902,"nodeType":860},{},[15903,15907,15912],{"data":15904,"marks":15905,"value":15906,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Island's own CEO Mike Fey has described the company's strategy as transforming the browser into ",{"data":15908,"marks":15909,"value":15911,"nodeType":864},{},[15910],{"type":2246},"\"a centralized, enterprise-grade platform, eliminating layers of legacy IT infrastructure by building more functionality in the browser.\"",{"data":15913,"marks":15914,"value":11693,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":15916,"content":15917,"nodeType":860},{},[15918],{"data":15919,"marks":15920,"value":15921,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Chrome Enterprise and Edge for Business occupy a related space as productivity-suite browsers extended with native security controls, sold as part of the broader Google and Microsoft workplace stacks. Different products with different lineage, but all of them converge on the same owner: an IT organization solving for workspace control.",{"data":15923,"content":15924,"nodeType":860},{},[15925],{"data":15926,"marks":15927,"value":15928,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The IT team is trying to achieve workspace policy compliance and access governance. Their primary use case is typically reducing reliance on legacy IT tools like VDI, VPN, remote browser isolation, DaaS, web filtering, and CASBs. In this world, the use cases look like: ",{"data":15930,"content":15931,"nodeType":941},{},[15932,15947,15962],{"data":15933,"content":15934,"nodeType":945},{},[15935],{"data":15936,"content":15937,"nodeType":860},{},[15938,15943],{"data":15939,"marks":15940,"value":15942,"nodeType":864},{},[15941],{"type":899},"Securing third-party contractors or BYOD",{"data":15944,"marks":15945,"value":15946,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where the workspace itself is the access control. ",{"data":15948,"content":15949,"nodeType":945},{},[15950],{"data":15951,"content":15952,"nodeType":860},{},[15953,15958],{"data":15954,"marks":15955,"value":15957,"nodeType":864},{},[15956],{"type":899},"Regulated populations",{"data":15959,"marks":15960,"value":15961,"nodeType":864},{},[]," like call centers, BPO workforces, finance teams handling sensitive material, where output controls like watermarking, screenshot restriction, and print blocking need to be enforced at the OS rendering layer. ",{"data":15963,"content":15964,"nodeType":945},{},[15965],{"data":15966,"content":15967,"nodeType":860},{},[15968,15973],{"data":15969,"marks":15970,"value":15972,"nodeType":864},{},[15971],{"type":899},"Legacy app support",{"data":15974,"marks":15975,"value":15976,"nodeType":864},{},[]," including IE-mode rendering for applications that have never been modernized. ",{"data":15978,"content":15979,"nodeType":860},{},[15980],{"data":15981,"marks":15982,"value":15983,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For these use cases, the architecture is well-suited, and there are numerous full-stack SEB solutions that address them well. Where the full-stack approach runs into trouble is in getting users to migrate onto a new browser and in justifying the cost of doing so. Both problems scale with the size of the workforce. ",{"data":15985,"content":15986,"nodeType":1312},{},[15987],{"data":15988,"marks":15989,"value":15991,"nodeType":864},{},[15990],{"type":899},"Cost of deployment is a significant blocker for full-stack browsers",{"data":15993,"content":15994,"nodeType":860},{},[15995],{"data":15996,"marks":15997,"value":15998,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The migration costs are easy to predict: deployment and configuration effort, help desk volume and — biggest of all — user resistance. But it’s the license cost that limits deployments in many organizations going from a free consumer browser to a paid replacement for the first time. ",{"data":16000,"content":16001,"nodeType":860},{},[16002],{"data":16003,"marks":16004,"value":16005,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In fact, Gartner notes that most buyers start with a single use case like covering contractors and rarely pursue organization-wide deployment for a full-stack enterprise browser. ",{"data":16007,"content":16008,"nodeType":860},{},[16009],{"data":16010,"marks":16011,"value":16012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For organizations that do achieve a full-coverage deployment for these full-stack browsers, the need to manage drift in employee behavior over time gets harder. Agentic browsers like Comet, Atlas, and Dia are already starting to pull users toward AI-native workflows that consumer browsers don’t offer and full-stack enterprise browsers don’t currently match.",{"data":16014,"content":16015,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":16017,"content":16018,"nodeType":1009},{},[16019],{"data":16020,"marks":16021,"value":16023,"nodeType":864},{},[16022],{"type":899},"What a browser security extension built for the security team looks like",{"data":16025,"content":16026,"nodeType":860},{},[16027],{"data":16028,"marks":16029,"value":16030,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most browser security extensions on the market were built to address this migration hurdle. They attempt to take as many of the features of a full-stack browser as possible, but make it possible to deploy into users’ existing browsers, sidestepping a lot of the cost and rollout problems.",{"data":16032,"content":16033,"nodeType":860},{},[16034,16038],{"data":16035,"marks":16036,"value":16037,"nodeType":864},{},[],"LayerX, Seraphic, SquareX, and Keep Aware have all at some point echoed this approach in their product descriptions with the line ",{"data":16039,"marks":16040,"value":16042,"nodeType":864},{},[16041],{"type":2246},"\"make any browser an enterprise browser.\"",{"data":16044,"content":16045,"nodeType":860},{},[16046],{"data":16047,"marks":16048,"value":16049,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ultimately, that approach is still aimed at solving problems for the IT team more than the security team.",{"data":16051,"content":16052,"nodeType":1312},{},[16053],{"data":16054,"marks":16055,"value":16057,"nodeType":864},{},[16056],{"type":899},"Push is different — we built a browser extension to meet the security team's needs",{"data":16059,"content":16060,"nodeType":860},{},[16061,16065,16073],{"data":16062,"marks":16063,"value":16064,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push set out to meet a different need. Our team's background has always been in defending organizations against advanced attacks. We spent our careers working in red and blue teams throughout the network and endpoint eras of cyber attacks. The mission we started with in 2022 was to defend organizations against the ",{"data":16066,"content":16067,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7798},[16068],{"data":16069,"marks":16070,"value":16072,"nodeType":864},{},[16071],{"type":1455},"new era of damaging cyber attacks that originate in the browser",{"data":16074,"marks":16075,"value":16076,"nodeType":864},{},[],". ",{"data":16078,"content":16082,"nodeType":996},{"target":16079},{"sys":16080},{"id":16081,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6BwJl8ZkiMore2o1BKx2w6",[],{"data":16084,"content":16085,"nodeType":860},{},[16086,16090,16098,16102,16107,16111,16120],{"data":16087,"marks":16088,"value":16089,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We chose a browser extension as the approach for our solution, not because we wanted to build an easier-to-deploy enterprise browser, but so we could use it as a security agent to collect high-fidelity telemetry for TTP-based detections, and apply real-time controls to stop attacks at the earliest opportunity in the modern  — ",{"data":16091,"content":16092,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6498},[16093],{"data":16094,"marks":16095,"value":16097,"nodeType":864},{},[16096],{"type":1455},"browser and identity native",{"data":16099,"marks":16100,"value":16101,"nodeType":864},{},[],"  — kill chain. ",{"data":16103,"marks":16104,"value":16106,"nodeType":864},{},[16105],{"type":899},"In effect, we created EDR, but for the browser. ",{"data":16108,"marks":16109,"value":16110,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is what gives Push the edge compared to other Secure Enterprise Browser solutions when it comes to tackling the highest priority threats in the browser — ",{"data":16112,"content":16114,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16113},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-to-avoid-the-browser-security-buyers-trap/",[16115],{"data":16116,"marks":16117,"value":16119,"nodeType":864},{},[16118],{"type":1455},"we’re optimized for this problem area",{"data":16121,"marks":16122,"value":16076,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":16124,"content":16128,"nodeType":996},{"target":16125},{"sys":16126},{"id":16127,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4nGzT9cNG0Yid93uUCCuTt",[],{"data":16130,"content":16131,"nodeType":860},{},[16132],{"data":16133,"marks":16134,"value":16135,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For a security team using Push’s extension, this means attacks get stopped at the earliest opportunity in the kill chain and before they cause harm. ",{"data":16137,"content":16138,"nodeType":860},{},[16139,16143],{"data":16140,"marks":16141,"value":16142,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a user lands on a phishing page built to harvest their credentials, Push sees the page rendering and the JavaScript executing inside the DOM, and can block the credential submission before the form posts. When a user is being walked through a ClickFix or ConsentFix social engineering flow, Push sees the clipboard writes and the OAuth consent flow parameters being prepared, and can intervene before the user completes the action. When a session token is stolen and replayed against a different device, Push sees the session activity and surfaces the compromise. ",{"data":16144,"marks":16145,"value":16147,"nodeType":864},{},[16146],{"type":899},"Push does all of this from a browser extension, without needing to replace the user's browser. ",{"data":16149,"content":16153,"nodeType":996},{"target":16150},{"sys":16151},{"id":16152,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1FZEbn0K80d1jHRRTk7kL7",[],{"data":16155,"content":16156,"nodeType":860},{},[16157],{"data":16158,"marks":16159,"value":16160,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same underlying technology also addresses other high-value security use cases: Visibility and control over AI usage; hardening identities and surfacing shadow IT; and supporting insider investigations and preventing data loss. ",{"data":16162,"content":16163,"nodeType":860},{},[16164,16167,16175],{"data":16165,"marks":16166,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":16168,"content":16170,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16169},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-top-10-security-problems-you-can-solve-in-the-browser-ranked-by-value/",[16171],{"data":16172,"marks":16173,"value":16174,"nodeType":864},{},[],"highest-value use cases",{"data":16176,"marks":16177,"value":16178,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the browser can address are all powered by the same underlying technical capability, which is why Push's single extension can address four major security use cases rather than four separate tools needing four separate deployments. The success metric for security teams using Push is attacks averted or stopped, cyber risk reduced, and security posture and resilience strengthened — not workspace policy compliance.",{"data":16180,"content":16181,"nodeType":1312},{},[16182],{"data":16183,"marks":16184,"value":16186,"nodeType":864},{},[16185],{"type":899},"Proven at scale: What security leaders are saying",{"data":16188,"content":16189,"nodeType":860},{},[16190],{"data":16191,"marks":16192,"value":16193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push launched its browser extension in 2022, making it one of the first and longest-running browser security extensions in the category, and it is now deployed across more than three million browsers worldwide.",{"data":16195,"content":16196,"nodeType":860},{},[16197,16201,16210],{"data":16198,"marks":16199,"value":16200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many ",{"data":16202,"content":16204,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16203},"https://pushsecurity.com/customer-stories",[16205],{"data":16206,"marks":16207,"value":16209,"nodeType":864},{},[16208],{"type":1455},"Push customers",{"data":16211,"marks":16212,"value":16213,"nodeType":864},{},[]," were initially considering full-stack enterprise browsers, but found that Push provided all the visibility and control they needed without the migration headache.",{"data":16215,"content":16219,"nodeType":996},{"target":16216},{"sys":16217},{"id":16218,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4RDIOAuVN10mZCtjltJCB4",[],{"data":16221,"content":16222,"nodeType":1312},{},[16223],{"data":16224,"marks":16225,"value":16227,"nodeType":864},{},[16226],{"type":899},"The extension matters, but it's what we built around it that really counts",{"data":16229,"content":16230,"nodeType":860},{},[16231],{"data":16232,"marks":16233,"value":16234,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The extension is the most visible part of the Push platform, but what Push has built around it makes the solution the most powerful security tool in the browser:",{"data":16236,"content":16237,"nodeType":941},{},[16238,16284,16321,16360,16375],{"data":16239,"content":16240,"nodeType":945},{},[16241],{"data":16242,"content":16243,"nodeType":860},{},[16244,16249,16253,16259,16263,16270,16274,16280],{"data":16245,"marks":16246,"value":16248,"nodeType":864},{},[16247],{"type":899},"In-house threat research that discovers attack techniques as they emerge.",{"data":16250,"marks":16251,"value":16252,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push researchers track real-world adversary activity and discover new techniques as they appear, including ",{"data":16254,"content":16255,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7291},[16256],{"data":16257,"marks":16258,"value":7296,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":16260,"marks":16261,"value":16262,"nodeType":864},{},[],",",{"data":16264,"content":16265,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7279},[16266],{"data":16267,"marks":16268,"value":16269,"nodeType":864},{},[]," InstallFix",{"data":16271,"marks":16272,"value":16273,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and creating the ",{"data":16275,"content":16276,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12082},[16277],{"data":16278,"marks":16279,"value":6503,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":16281,"marks":16282,"value":16283,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Detection is only as good as the threat understanding behind it, and research is what keeps that understanding ahead of what attackers are doing in the wild.",{"data":16285,"content":16286,"nodeType":945},{},[16287],{"data":16288,"content":16289,"nodeType":860},{},[16290,16295,16299,16305,16309,16317],{"data":16291,"marks":16292,"value":16294,"nodeType":864},{},[16293],{"type":899},"Agentic threat hunting and detection engineering at machine speed.",{"data":16296,"marks":16297,"value":16298,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push's ",{"data":16300,"content":16301,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8435},[16302],{"data":16303,"marks":16304,"value":12110,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":16306,"marks":16307,"value":16308,"nodeType":864},{},[]," operationalizes the research, generating new behavioral detections in minutes rather than quarterly releases — covering the ",{"data":16310,"content":16312,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16311},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-the-browser-became-the-main-cyber-battleground/",[16313],{"data":16314,"marks":16315,"value":16316,"nodeType":864},{},[],"techniques behind the Scattered Spider, Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters, and ShinyHunters breaches",{"data":16318,"marks":16319,"value":16320,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of the past three years. Attackers are using AI to accelerate the pace at which they generate new lures, kits, and infrastructure; Push keeps security teams in front by advancing the capability at machine speed and scale.",{"data":16322,"content":16323,"nodeType":945},{},[16324],{"data":16325,"content":16326,"nodeType":860},{},[16327,16332,16336,16344,16348,16356],{"data":16328,"marks":16329,"value":16331,"nodeType":864},{},[16330],{"type":899},"Collecting the right telemetry to surface both attacker behavior and risky user action.",{"data":16333,"marks":16334,"value":16335,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Telemetry by itself is just data — the value comes from knowing what to collect, why it matters, and how to turn it into detections and controls. Push combines deep instrumentation of the browser with the expertise to use what we collect: the same browser-layer telemetry that detects AiTM kits, ClickFix and ConsentFix lures, and session token replay also surfaces what users are pasting into AI tools, which ",{"data":16337,"content":16339,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16338},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you/",[16340],{"data":16341,"marks":16342,"value":16343,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS apps they're logging into outside the IdP",{"data":16345,"marks":16346,"value":16347,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which OAuth grants are being made, and which ",{"data":16349,"content":16351,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16350},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-extension-management-guide/",[16352],{"data":16353,"marks":16354,"value":16355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"extensions are running in their browsers",{"data":16357,"marks":16358,"value":16359,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The threat detection and the identity, AI, and DLP use cases are not separate features — they are different applications of the same underlying telemetry, surfaced because Push knows what to look for.",{"data":16361,"content":16362,"nodeType":945},{},[16363],{"data":16364,"content":16365,"nodeType":860},{},[16366,16371],{"data":16367,"marks":16368,"value":16370,"nodeType":864},{},[16369],{"type":899},"Enforcing the right controls at the right place at the right moment.",{"data":16372,"marks":16373,"value":16374,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Visibility without actionability is only half a solution. Push turns the browser into a strong control point for stopping attacks and risky user behaviors in real time — reusing passwords, intercepting credential submission to non-IdP domains, blocking ClickFix clipboard payloads before paste-execute, prompting MFA enrollment at the point of login, warning on weak or breached passwords at credential entry, and surfacing app banners that communicate policy at the moment of use. The same control surface that stops attackers stops the user's mistakes that lead to the next breach.",{"data":16376,"content":16377,"nodeType":945},{},[16378],{"data":16379,"content":16380,"nodeType":860},{},[16381,16386],{"data":16382,"marks":16383,"value":16385,"nodeType":864},{},[16384],{"type":899},"Balancing security and privacy.",{"data":16387,"marks":16388,"value":16389,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push is designed to give security teams the telemetry they need without monitoring personal browsing. By default, only logins to configured corporate domains are observed; personal browsing is not collected. (Though administrators have the option to observe personal account logins to work apps, and identify where browsers are being synced to personal accounts, which can result in password loss.) Plaintext passwords and form inputs are never transmitted — passwords are analyzed locally using salted partial hashes. Broader browser metadata is stored on the device and only transmitted when it matches a detection rule. Push does not train AI models on customer telemetry.",{"data":16391,"content":16392,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":16394,"content":16395,"nodeType":1009},{},[16396],{"data":16397,"marks":16398,"value":16400,"nodeType":864},{},[16399],{"type":899},"Full-stack enterprise browsers and Push’s browser extension are not mutually exclusive",{"data":16402,"content":16403,"nodeType":860},{},[16404],{"data":16405,"marks":16406,"value":16407,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth pausing on a point that often gets lost in the way the market discusses this choice. Full-stack enterprise browsers and Push’s extension-based solution are not mutually exclusive. They do different things for different teams, and they run together. ",{"data":16409,"content":16410,"nodeType":860},{},[16411],{"data":16412,"marks":16413,"value":16414,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push supports enterprise browsers like Island and Prisma Browser. Many of Push’s customers use a full-stack browser for the contractor population or regulated workload where the IT team needs workspace controls, and Push across the rest of the workforce to provide the deep security capabilities that the IT team is not measured on but the security team is. The right framing for many enterprises is not whether to choose full-stack or extension. It is full-stack for the IT use cases that need it, and Push everywhere else.",{"data":16416,"content":16417,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":16419,"content":16420,"nodeType":1009},{},[16421],{"data":16422,"marks":16423,"value":16425,"nodeType":864},{},[16424],{"type":899},"Which one is right for your security team?",{"data":16427,"content":16428,"nodeType":860},{},[16429],{"data":16430,"marks":16431,"value":16432,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The answer follows from the need you are trying to meet. The scenarios below cover the most common real-world situations and the approach that fits each.",{"data":16434,"content":16435,"nodeType":860},{},[16436,16441],{"data":16437,"marks":16438,"value":16440,"nodeType":864},{},[16439],{"type":899},"Is your priority detecting and stopping attacks in the browser?",{"data":16442,"marks":16443,"value":16444,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Go with Push. Push detects and stops the threats actually breaching enterprises — AiTM phishing, ClickFix, OAuth abuse, malicious browser extensions. It also provides valuable additional insight during investigations to understand incidents better and decide how to respond to them. ",{"data":16446,"content":16447,"nodeType":860},{},[16448,16453],{"data":16449,"marks":16450,"value":16452,"nodeType":864},{},[16451],{"type":899},"Do you have a large contractor or third-party population needing locked-down workspace controls?",{"data":16454,"marks":16455,"value":16456,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Use a full-stack enterprise browser for that population and Push for everyone else. Watermarking, screenshot blocking and print restriction are OS-level controls that extensions cannot reliably replicate.",{"data":16458,"content":16459,"nodeType":860},{},[16460,16465],{"data":16461,"marks":16462,"value":16464,"nodeType":864},{},[16463],{"type":899},"Do you have a multi-browser estate including a mix of consumer and agentic browsers?",{"data":16466,"marks":16467,"value":16468,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push will provide the coverage you need to secure users. The browser options are growing, and locking your workforce into a single corporate browser becomes harder every time a new productivity-shaping browser ships. Push regularly adds support for emerging browsers.",{"data":16470,"content":16471,"nodeType":860},{},[16472,16477],{"data":16473,"marks":16474,"value":16476,"nodeType":864},{},[16475],{"type":899},"Is significant BYOD or unmanaged-device coverage required.",{"data":16478,"marks":16479,"value":16480,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push is a great option, particularly if you also have Chromebooks that fall outside of your EDR coverage. The extension can easily be installed via email or landing page self-enrollment, with options to enforce coverage through conditional access policies. This provides full threat detection and policy enforcement on devices the organization does not own.",{"data":16482,"content":16483,"nodeType":860},{},[16484],{"data":16485,"marks":16486,"value":16487,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In short, if you are solving for workspace control, the right tool is a full-stack enterprise browser. If you’re solving for protecting users as they work in their browsers, Push is the tool built specifically for that need — with the research depth, detection engineering, and operational scale to do the job.",{"data":16489,"content":16490,"nodeType":860},{},[16491,16494,16502],{"data":16492,"marks":16493,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":16495,"content":16496,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[16497],{"data":16498,"marks":16499,"value":16501,"nodeType":864},{},[16500],{"type":1455},"Book a live demo to learn more",{"data":16503,"marks":16504,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enterprise browser vs. browser extension: Which should your security team choose?","If you're building a shortlist of browser security vendors, do you need a full-stack enterprise browser, or browser security extension? 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",{"data":19530,"content":19531,"nodeType":860},{},[19532],{"data":19533,"marks":19534,"value":19535,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But finding budget for browser security solutions can be harder than it is for other security tools. Both Gartner and Omdia independently confirm that browser security is predominantly additive; Gartner states explicitly that secure enterprise browsers augment rather than replace existing security controls, and Omdia found that 80% of organizations expect to deploy browser security alongside their current stack.",{"data":19537,"content":19538,"nodeType":860},{},[19539],{"data":19540,"marks":19541,"value":19542,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice, that means there's typically no legacy line item to redirect or renewal to swap out. Instead, security leaders are left needing to build a business case from scratch, creating more work on top of an already demanding role. Having a proven framework that other security leaders are already using successfully makes that process significantly faster.",{"data":19544,"content":19545,"nodeType":860},{},[19546],{"data":19547,"marks":19548,"value":19549,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push helps security leaders build these business cases every day and we've seen firsthand what works and where the budget comes from. ",{"data":19551,"content":19552,"nodeType":860},{},[19553],{"data":19554,"marks":19555,"value":19556,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This article distills those patterns into a practical framework you can use to build your own investment case, as well as provides real-world examples of how Push's customers have found budget to make their own investments in browser security tooling:",{"data":19558,"content":19562,"nodeType":996},{"target":19559},{"sys":19560},{"id":19561,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3qR5t9Y5wgRfzGqcRNXfNa",[],{"data":19564,"content":19565,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19567,"content":19568,"nodeType":1009},{},[19569],{"data":19570,"marks":19571,"value":19573,"nodeType":864},{},[19572],{"type":899},"The strategic imperatives that resonate with non-security executives",{"data":19575,"content":19576,"nodeType":860},{},[19577],{"data":19578,"marks":19579,"value":19580,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Two distinct strategic initiatives consistently prove to be effective in unlocking browser security budget. They come from different directions; one is driven by the board down to security, the other is driven by security up to the board. But both lead to the same investment and can be used in conjunction with one another.",{"data":19582,"content":19583,"nodeType":1312},{},[19584],{"data":19585,"marks":19586,"value":19587,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Option A | AI visibility and control: the mandate security teams are responding to",{"data":19589,"content":19590,"nodeType":860},{},[19591,19595,19602],{"data":19592,"marks":19593,"value":19594,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI adoption isn't a security initiative; it's a business strategy decision that executives and boards are driving. They know the organization needs to harness AI to remain competitive, and most have already committed to accelerating its use. But they also know that ",{"data":19596,"content":19597,"nodeType":883},{"uri":885},[19598],{"data":19599,"marks":19600,"value":19601,"nodeType":864},{},[],"adoption without visibility creates risks they can't quantify or manage",{"data":19603,"marks":19604,"value":19605,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and they expect security to have the visibility and controls to close that gap.",{"data":19607,"content":19608,"nodeType":860},{},[19609,19613,19621],{"data":19610,"marks":19611,"value":19612,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is the most practical place for security teams to get that visibility and control over AI usage. All AI tool usage — whether that's web apps, extensions, OAuth consent flows, data uploads — traverses the browser. A browser security platform like Push can ",{"data":19614,"content":19616,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19615},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-ai",[19617],{"data":19618,"marks":19619,"value":19620,"nodeType":864},{},[],"discover which AI tools employees are actually using",{"data":19622,"marks":19623,"value":19624,"nodeType":864},{},[],", monitor how they're being used, track which AI services have been granted access to corporate systems, and enforce policy in real time.",{"data":19626,"content":19627,"nodeType":860},{},[19628],{"data":19629,"marks":19630,"value":19631,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What makes this particularly effective in a budget conversation is that security teams don’t need to explain or sell a new security risk or initiative, instead they're responding to one their executive team has already identified. When security can demonstrate a concrete plan to deliver AI visibility and control, the funding conversation is significantly shorter. The investment addresses the executive mandate while simultaneously providing additional capabilities for the security team like threat protection, identity and shadow IT security, and investigation support.",{"data":19633,"content":19634,"nodeType":1312},{},[19635],{"data":19636,"marks":19637,"value":19638,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Option B | Modern breaches that originate in the browser: the gap the existing stack wasn't designed to cover",{"data":19640,"content":19641,"nodeType":860},{},[19642],{"data":19643,"marks":19644,"value":19645,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The second strategic imperative requires more educating on the part of the security leader.",{"data":19647,"content":19648,"nodeType":860},{},[19649,19653,19660,19664,19671,19675,19682],{"data":19650,"marks":19651,"value":19652,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The highest-profile breaches in recent years — MGM, Caesars, Ticketmaster, M&S, Jaguar Land Rover — were all carried out by threat groups like ",{"data":19654,"content":19655,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7492},[19656],{"data":19657,"marks":19658,"value":19659,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider",{"data":19661,"marks":19662,"value":19663,"nodeType":864},{},[]," using cloud-native, ",{"data":19665,"content":19666,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12082},[19667],{"data":19668,"marks":19669,"value":19670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"identity-based attack techniques",{"data":19672,"marks":19673,"value":19674,"nodeType":864},{},[],". They didn't compromise endpoints or exploit zero-day vulnerabilities. Instead, they compromised employees' cloud app accounts by targeting them with techniques that ",{"data":19676,"content":19677,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7798},[19678],{"data":19679,"marks":19680,"value":19681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"play out inside browser sessions",{"data":19683,"marks":19684,"value":19685,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where existing endpoint, network, and email controls have no visibility.",{"data":19687,"content":19688,"nodeType":860},{},[19689],{"data":19690,"marks":19691,"value":19692,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That doesn't mean your existing security investments are failing. Endpoint, network, and email controls have become effective enough that threat groups are now actively avoiding them by rerouting their attacks via the browser.",{"data":19694,"content":19695,"nodeType":941},{},[19696,19717,19739],{"data":19697,"content":19698,"nodeType":945},{},[19699],{"data":19700,"content":19701,"nodeType":860},{},[19702,19705,19713],{"data":19703,"marks":19704,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19706,"content":19707,"nodeType":883},{"uri":9070},[19708],{"data":19709,"marks":19710,"value":19712,"nodeType":864},{},[19711],{"type":1455},"CrowdStrike's 2026 data",{"data":19714,"marks":19715,"value":19716,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shows 82% of attack detections are now malware-free. A new capability is needed to address this new playbook, and browser security closes that gap by detecting attacker behavior inside the session, where these attacks actually execute.",{"data":19718,"content":19719,"nodeType":945},{},[19720],{"data":19721,"content":19722,"nodeType":860},{},[19723,19726,19735],{"data":19724,"marks":19725,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19727,"content":19729,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19728},"https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/2025-unit-42-global-incident-response-report-social-engineering-edition/",[19730],{"data":19731,"marks":19732,"value":19734,"nodeType":864},{},[19733],{"type":1455},"Unit 42",{"data":19736,"marks":19737,"value":19738,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found that identity weaknesses played a material role in almost 90% of their investigations, and across more than 750 incident response engagements, 48% involved browser-based activity.",{"data":19740,"content":19741,"nodeType":945},{},[19742],{"data":19743,"content":19744,"nodeType":860},{},[19745,19748,19757],{"data":19746,"marks":19747,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19749,"content":19751,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19750},"https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/m-trends-2025-en.pdf",[19752],{"data":19753,"marks":19754,"value":19756,"nodeType":864},{},[19755],{"type":1455},"Mandiant's data",{"data":19758,"marks":19759,"value":19760,"nodeType":864},{},[]," tells a similar story: threat actors exploited identity issues to gain initial access in 83% of incidents involving cloud and SaaS environments.",{"data":19762,"content":19763,"nodeType":860},{},[19764,19769],{"data":19765,"marks":19766,"value":19768,"nodeType":864},{},[19767],{"type":899},"Identity-based attacks executed via the browser are now the dominant attack pattern.",{"data":19770,"marks":19771,"value":19772,"nodeType":864},{},[]," That framing works in a budget conversation because it identifies a gap rather than asking to improve something that's already covered by an existing solution. It's also reinforced by the fact that the breaches and groups behind them like Scattered Spider were all reported on by the mainstream media, meaning non-security stakeholders are likely to already be somewhat aware of the risks and potential implications of them being realized.",{"data":19774,"content":19775,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19777,"content":19778,"nodeType":1009},{},[19779],{"data":19780,"marks":19781,"value":19783,"nodeType":864},{},[19782],{"type":899},"The economic case: five value drivers",{"data":19785,"content":19786,"nodeType":860},{},[19787],{"data":19788,"marks":19789,"value":19790,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Those strategic imperatives establish why something needs to be done, but they don't quantify the cost of inaction or demonstrate how the investment pays for itself. A CFO wants to see where the money comes from, what existing spend it offsets, and what measurable return it delivers. The economic investment case draws on five distinct value drivers, each grounded in capabilities specific to operating inside the browser session.",{"data":19792,"content":19796,"nodeType":996},{"target":19793},{"sys":19794},{"id":19795,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2W1G5GZWXLbo2hi6bTxAVs",[],{"data":19798,"content":19799,"nodeType":1312},{},[19800],{"data":19801,"marks":19802,"value":19803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1. Avoided breach costs",{"data":19805,"content":19806,"nodeType":860},{},[19807],{"data":19808,"marks":19809,"value":19810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the largest single value driver, but it's also the hardest to measure because the return is defined by the absence of an event rather than the presence of a saving. That said, the methodology is well-established in risk management, and CFOs already accept this logic for insurance and business continuity investments.",{"data":19812,"content":19813,"nodeType":860},{},[19814,19818,19826],{"data":19815,"marks":19816,"value":19817,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The detection gap described above has a direct financial consequence: every attack that slips through undetected is a potential breach incurring significant direct and indirect costs. Push helps you avoid these costs by detecting ",{"data":19819,"content":19821,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19820},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/stop-account-takeover",[19822],{"data":19823,"marks":19824,"value":19825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser-native attack TTPs",{"data":19827,"marks":19828,"value":19829,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and blocking them in real-time to prevent breaches at the earliest opportunity.",{"data":19831,"content":19832,"nodeType":860},{},[19833],{"data":19834,"marks":19835,"value":19836,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even though the breach itself is unrealized, there are tangible leading indicators of success: reduced MTTD/MTTR, and fewer attacks progressing to account takeover or endpoint compromise; the stages at which incidents become more expensive to clean up.",{"data":19838,"content":19839,"nodeType":860},{},[19840,19844,19851,19854,19862],{"data":19841,"marks":19842,"value":19843,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Quantifying the savings generated by avoiding breaches requires an ",{"data":19845,"content":19846,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},[19847],{"data":19848,"marks":19849,"value":19850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"estimation of your organization's breach probability and likely cost",{"data":19852,"marks":19853,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19855,"content":19857,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19856},"https://www.ibm.com/reports/data-breach",[19858],{"data":19859,"marks":19860,"value":19861,"nodeType":864},{},[]," IBM's cost of a data breach report",{"data":19863,"marks":19864,"value":19865,"nodeType":864},{},[]," provides industry-specific benchmarks, though a more grounded alternative is to look at the disclosed costs of the breaches mentioned above and assess your exposure to the same techniques:",{"data":19867,"content":19868,"nodeType":941},{},[19869,19879,19889],{"data":19870,"content":19871,"nodeType":945},{},[19872],{"data":19873,"content":19874,"nodeType":860},{},[19875],{"data":19876,"marks":19877,"value":19878,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MGM reported over $100M in direct impact plus a $45M class-action settlement.",{"data":19880,"content":19881,"nodeType":945},{},[19882],{"data":19883,"content":19884,"nodeType":860},{},[19885],{"data":19886,"marks":19887,"value":19888,"nodeType":864},{},[],"M&S lost £300M in profits with almost £1B wiped off its market valuation.",{"data":19890,"content":19891,"nodeType":945},{},[19892],{"data":19893,"content":19894,"nodeType":860},{},[19895],{"data":19896,"marks":19897,"value":19898,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The JLR breach was severe enough for the UK government to underwrite a $1.5B loan to mitigate supply chain damage.",{"data":19900,"content":19901,"nodeType":860},{},[19902],{"data":19903,"marks":19904,"value":19905,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Your own incident data, red team results, or phishing simulation outcomes will increase accuracy further.",{"data":19907,"content":19911,"nodeType":996},{"target":19908},{"sys":19909},{"id":19910,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3SgrdUcQnQsnNLIR9UgBB",[],{"data":19913,"content":19914,"nodeType":1312},{},[19915],{"data":19916,"marks":19917,"value":19918,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2. Accelerated and safe AI adoption",{"data":19920,"content":19921,"nodeType":860},{},[19922],{"data":19923,"marks":19924,"value":19925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Without effective AI visibility and control tooling, your security team becomes either the bottleneck for AI adoption or allows the risks to go unchecked. Every month that adoption is restricted or ungoverned has a productivity cost that compounds.",{"data":19927,"content":19928,"nodeType":860},{},[19929],{"data":19930,"marks":19931,"value":19932,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There's been plenty of research into the productivity impact of AI:",{"data":19934,"content":19935,"nodeType":941},{},[19936,19958,19980,20002],{"data":19937,"content":19938,"nodeType":945},{},[19939],{"data":19940,"content":19941,"nodeType":860},{},[19942,19945,19954],{"data":19943,"marks":19944,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19946,"content":19948,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19947},"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w31161/w31161.pdf",[19949],{"data":19950,"marks":19951,"value":19953,"nodeType":864},{},[19952],{"type":1455},"Stanford and MIT research",{"data":19955,"marks":19956,"value":19957,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found that workers with access to a generative AI assistant were 14% more productive on average, with novice workers seeing a 34% improvement.",{"data":19959,"content":19960,"nodeType":945},{},[19961],{"data":19962,"content":19963,"nodeType":860},{},[19964,19967,19976],{"data":19965,"marks":19966,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19968,"content":19970,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19969},"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insights/strategy/productivity-payoff",[19971],{"data":19972,"marks":19973,"value":19975,"nodeType":864},{},[19974],{"type":1455},"Accenture's research",{"data":19977,"marks":19978,"value":19979,"nodeType":864},{},[]," estimates approximately $7,800 per employee per year in productivity value from generative AI for knowledge workers.",{"data":19981,"content":19982,"nodeType":945},{},[19983],{"data":19984,"content":19985,"nodeType":860},{},[19986,19989,19998],{"data":19987,"marks":19988,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19990,"content":19992,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19991},"https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2025/feb/impact-generative-ai-work-productivity",[19993],{"data":19994,"marks":19995,"value":19997,"nodeType":864},{},[19996],{"type":1455},"The Federal Reserve",{"data":19999,"marks":20000,"value":20001,"nodeType":864},{},[]," independently quantified it at 5.4% of work hours saved, roughly one full working day reclaimed per month.",{"data":20003,"content":20004,"nodeType":945},{},[20005],{"data":20006,"content":20007,"nodeType":860},{},[20008,20011,20020],{"data":20009,"marks":20010,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20012,"content":20014,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20013},"https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai",[20015],{"data":20016,"marks":20017,"value":20019,"nodeType":864},{},[20018],{"type":1455},"McKinsey's 2025 data",{"data":20021,"marks":20022,"value":20023,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shows organizations leading on AI adoption report 5.8x average ROI within 14 months, and they outperform laggards in both profitability and revenue growth.",{"data":20025,"content":20026,"nodeType":860},{},[20027],{"data":20028,"marks":20029,"value":20030,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A browser security platform like Push removes the governance blocker. When you can see which AI tools employees are using, what data they're sharing, and what permissions they've granted, and enforce policy in real time, the answer to \"can our people use this?\" shifts from \"not yet, we need to assess the risk\" to \"yes, with our sensible guardrails.\"",{"data":20032,"content":20033,"nodeType":860},{},[20034],{"data":20035,"marks":20036,"value":20037,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push delivers this by discovering every AI web app, browser, browser extension, and OAuth integration in use. It monitors data sharing through file uploads and clipboard activity, tracks OAuth consent flows where AI services request access to corporate tenants, and enforces policy at the point of action. This allows your team to very quickly get a handle on AI usage, mitigate risks and guide the business on how to best drive safe adoption.",{"data":20039,"content":20043,"nodeType":996},{"target":20040},{"sys":20041},{"id":20042,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6i7Z6jwFaztuoUCynXfrVH",[],{"data":20045,"content":20046,"nodeType":1312},{},[20047],{"data":20048,"marks":20049,"value":20050,"nodeType":864},{},[],"3. Greater return from existing security investments",{"data":20052,"content":20053,"nodeType":860},{},[20054],{"data":20055,"marks":20056,"value":20057,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push generates direct labor savings in two ways that other tools can't replicate.",{"data":20059,"content":20060,"nodeType":860},{},[20061,20066,20070,20078],{"data":20062,"marks":20063,"value":20065,"nodeType":864},{},[20064],{"type":899},"First, identity hygiene remediation at scale.",{"data":20067,"marks":20068,"value":20069,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push's customer data shows that for every 1,000 employees, an organization will typically have just over ",{"data":20071,"content":20073,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20072},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/",[20074],{"data":20075,"marks":20076,"value":20077,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2,500 identity security vulnerabilities",{"data":20079,"marks":20080,"value":20081,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (missing MFA or weak, breached, reused passwords, etc).",{"data":20083,"content":20084,"nodeType":860},{},[20085,20089,20097],{"data":20086,"marks":20087,"value":20088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Without Push, you could conservatively estimate that each vulnerability takes 5–10 minutes to resolve manually (inclusive of project management and reporting time) which translates to between 26 and 52 FTE days per thousand employees. ",{"data":20090,"content":20092,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20091},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/harden-unmanaged-identities",[20093],{"data":20094,"marks":20095,"value":20096,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push automates this through in-browser guardrails",{"data":20098,"marks":20099,"value":20100,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that prompt users to fix issues at the point of login. That's thousands of identity vulnerabilities resolved without a single ticket being filed, and weeks of analyst time recovered annually at fully burdened rates.",{"data":20102,"content":20103,"nodeType":860},{},[20104,20109,20113,20121],{"data":20105,"marks":20106,"value":20108,"nodeType":864},{},[20107],{"type":899},"Second, investigation efficiency.",{"data":20110,"marks":20111,"value":20112,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push detects attacks at the earliest and safest opportunity, as the attacker is attempting to gain initial access via the browser. The telemetry Push provides analysts with ",{"data":20114,"content":20116,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20115},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-browser-related-incidents",[20117],{"data":20118,"marks":20119,"value":20120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"accelerates their investigations across both external and insider threats",{"data":20122,"marks":20123,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20125,"content":20126,"nodeType":860},{},[20127,20131,20139],{"data":20128,"marks":20129,"value":20130,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s one example of that in action: Push eliminates ",{"data":20132,"content":20134,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20133},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verified-stolen-credential-detection/",[20135],{"data":20136,"marks":20137,"value":20138,"nodeType":864},{},[],"over 99% of compromised credential false positives",{"data":20140,"marks":20141,"value":20142,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in common TI feeds by only surfacing credentials actively being used and observed in the browser. Much like the first direct labour saving, Push saves your team weeks of effort confirming false positives and investigating complex account compromise incidents. It also reduces the likelihood of an incident progressing to the stage where a (costly) external incident response provider is needed. ",{"data":20144,"content":20145,"nodeType":860},{},[20146,20150,20158],{"data":20147,"marks":20148,"value":20149,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By automatically remediating identity security issues at scale, and accelerating investigations, Push eliminates much of the work that analysts typically find tedious and frustrating: manually chasing password resets, triaging false positives, ",{"data":20151,"content":20153,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20152},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/fixing-secops-alert-fatigue-with-browser-telemetry/",[20154],{"data":20155,"marks":20156,"value":20157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"trawling through web proxy logs",{"data":20159,"marks":20160,"value":20161,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Removing that work means they can spend more time on the interesting, high-value aspects of their roles, which directly improves morale and retention.",{"data":20163,"content":20164,"nodeType":860},{},[20165],{"data":20166,"marks":20167,"value":20168,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In a market where replacing a fully ramped security analyst costs 80–150% of their annual salary and the new hire takes months to reach the same productivity, reduced attrition generates its own measurable saving in avoided recruitment, training, and lost productivity during the ramp-up period.",{"data":20170,"content":20171,"nodeType":860},{},[20172],{"data":20173,"marks":20174,"value":20175,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In addition to direct labor savings, Push improves the return on every other security investment in your stack. Browser-layer telemetry feeds into SIEM and SOAR platforms, enriching correlation rules and enabling custom detections that weren't previously possible, a multiplier on the value you're already getting from your existing security investments.",{"data":20177,"content":20181,"nodeType":996},{"target":20178},{"sys":20179},{"id":20180,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7EwWz1orX6QQtm5MHnaXDQ",[],{"data":20183,"content":20184,"nodeType":1312},{},[20185],{"data":20186,"marks":20187,"value":20188,"nodeType":864},{},[],"4. Reduced compliance and audit exposure",{"data":20190,"content":20191,"nodeType":860},{},[20192],{"data":20193,"marks":20194,"value":20195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every major security compliance framework — SOC 2, ISO 27001, HIPAA, PCI DSS, NIST, GDPR — requires MFA on accounts, strong and unique passwords, and visibility into which third-party applications are being entrusted with corporate data. These are foundational requirements and they apply across every application employees use, not just the ones IT has provisioned. Self-adopted Shadow IT and unmanaged identities create compliance gaps against these requirements that most organizations don't know they have until an auditor finds them.",{"data":20197,"content":20198,"nodeType":860},{},[20199,20202,20211,20215,20222],{"data":20200,"marks":20201,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20203,"content":20205,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20204},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/mfa-regulation-compliance",[20206],{"data":20207,"marks":20208,"value":20210,"nodeType":864},{},[20209],{"type":1455},"The consequences of gaps in these controls are increasingly financial.",{"data":20212,"marks":20213,"value":20214,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The City of Hamilton had its $18.3M cyber insurance claim denied after a ransomware attack because MFA wasn't fully implemented. The insurer ruled that incomplete MFA coverage voided the policy. ",{"data":20216,"content":20217,"nodeType":883},{"uri":11074},[20218],{"data":20219,"marks":20220,"value":20221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"NYDFS has levied $14 million in fines",{"data":20223,"marks":20224,"value":20225,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from companies with inadequate MFA. These aren't hypothetical risks, and they apply to requirements that Push can help you meet continuously rather than scrambling to find evidence during an audit or after an incident.",{"data":20227,"content":20228,"nodeType":860},{},[20229,20233,20241],{"data":20230,"marks":20231,"value":20232,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push addresses these compliance requirements directly. It ",{"data":20234,"content":20236,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20235},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-shadow-saas",[20237],{"data":20238,"marks":20239,"value":20240,"nodeType":864},{},[],"discovers every application employees actually use",{"data":20242,"marks":20243,"value":20244,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — directly from the login event in the browser, not from network traffic patterns. It also observes the authentication method, password strength, and MFA status for each account. The inventory provided by Push replaces weeks of manual spreadsheet work during audit preparation and gives your GRC team continuous evidence rather than a point-in-time snapshot assembled under pressure.",{"data":20246,"content":20250,"nodeType":996},{"target":20247},{"sys":20248},{"id":20249,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"36lm2TMvlpEPrFfM8KEUqB",[],{"data":20252,"content":20253,"nodeType":1312},{},[20254],{"data":20255,"marks":20256,"value":20257,"nodeType":864},{},[],"5. Consolidated capability and reallocated spend",{"data":20259,"content":20260,"nodeType":860},{},[20261,20265,20272],{"data":20262,"marks":20263,"value":20264,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push delivers against a ",{"data":20266,"content":20267,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16169},[20268],{"data":20269,"marks":20270,"value":20271,"nodeType":864},{},[],"wide range of use cases",{"data":20273,"marks":20274,"value":20275,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — threat detection, AI governance, identity security, investigation support — that would otherwise require separate point solutions to address. That breadth of coverage from a single platform and deployment creates natural opportunities to consolidate spend.",{"data":20277,"content":20278,"nodeType":860},{},[20279],{"data":20280,"marks":20281,"value":20282,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI governance is the most immediate example. Nearly every enterprise is evaluating standalone AI monitoring tools right now, and the price tags are significant. If your browser security platform already delivers the AI visibility and control capabilities like Push's described above — app discovery, data sharing monitoring, OAuth consent tracking, real-time policy enforcement — the case for a separate AI governance purchase weakens considerably. Paying separately for a tool that only does AI governance, when your browser security platform delivers it alongside detection, identity security, and investigation capability, is a hard spend to justify.",{"data":20284,"content":20285,"nodeType":860},{},[20286],{"data":20287,"marks":20288,"value":20289,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There's also a broader resource reallocation opportunity. Platforms like Push represent a new generation of security tooling that addresses the challenges posed by modern work and cyber attacks. The ROI they provide is high now and is likely to increase as the platform evolves alongside the threats and risks it addresses. Meanwhile, much of the legacy stack is moving in the opposite direction.",{"data":20291,"content":20292,"nodeType":941},{},[20293,20315,20325],{"data":20294,"content":20295,"nodeType":945},{},[20296],{"data":20297,"content":20298,"nodeType":860},{},[20299,20303,20311],{"data":20300,"marks":20301,"value":20302,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Network-centric tools like ",{"data":20304,"content":20306,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20305},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/push-plus-network-security/",[20307],{"data":20308,"marks":20309,"value":20310,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SWGs and CASBs are becoming increasingly legacy",{"data":20312,"marks":20313,"value":20314,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as more activity moves off the traditional network and into the browser.",{"data":20316,"content":20317,"nodeType":945},{},[20318],{"data":20319,"content":20320,"nodeType":860},{},[20321],{"data":20322,"marks":20323,"value":20324,"nodeType":864},{},[],"RBI deployments are difficult to justify when a browser extension achieves better security outcomes without the user experience penalty.",{"data":20326,"content":20327,"nodeType":945},{},[20328],{"data":20329,"content":20330,"nodeType":860},{},[20331],{"data":20332,"marks":20333,"value":20334,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing simulation programs — whose ROI has long been questioned by practitioners — are harder to justify when attackers are using AI to craft lures and pages that are indistinguishable from the real thing for even the most trained employees. If your browser security platform is already blocking real phishing attempts and delivering contextual security guidance at the actual point of risk, the marginal value of a simulation exercise weeks later diminishes considerably.",{"data":20336,"content":20337,"nodeType":860},{},[20338],{"data":20339,"marks":20340,"value":20341,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As legacy tooling becomes less relevant and more commoditized, you should expect to spend less on it. What you save can then be reallocated towards capabilities like Push that address the current threat landscape rather than the previous one legacy tools were designed for.",{"data":20343,"content":20344,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20346,"content":20347,"nodeType":1009},{},[20348],{"data":20349,"marks":20350,"value":20352,"nodeType":864},{},[20351],{"type":899},"Investment risk management",{"data":20354,"content":20355,"nodeType":860},{},[20356],{"data":20357,"marks":20358,"value":20359,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The final component of the business case is assessing the investment risk. Given that browser security solutions are typically a new capability, and therefore a new form of investment, there will naturally be questions about how safe an investment it is.",{"data":20361,"content":20362,"nodeType":860},{},[20363],{"data":20364,"marks":20365,"value":20366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser security takes many forms and approaches, so this section speaks specifically to Push and why it represents a low-risk investment to make.",{"data":20368,"content":20369,"nodeType":860},{},[20370,20374,20381],{"data":20371,"marks":20372,"value":20373,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push is simple to deploy. It installs as a browser extension via existing MDM tooling — it works on the browsers employees already use, with no migration to a new browser, no user retraining, and no change to workflows. ",{"data":20375,"content":20376,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16203},[20377],{"data":20378,"marks":20379,"value":20380,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Customers have rolled Push out to over 100,000 users in under an hour",{"data":20382,"marks":20383,"value":20384,"nodeType":864},{},[]," during normal office hours with zero downtime.",{"data":20386,"content":20387,"nodeType":860},{},[20388],{"data":20389,"marks":20390,"value":20391,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You start seeing findings and detections from day one, not after a months-long implementation project. That compresses time-to-value to a matter of hours, which directly de-risks the investment from a finance perspective. Push's high-fidelity telemetry results in a negligible false positive rate, minimizing the operational cost of running the platform. Push integrates into your existing security workflows and tools, like your SIEM, SOAR, and IdP, and doesn't require a dedicated team to manage, so you gain a new capability without taking on a new operational burden.",{"data":20393,"content":20394,"nodeType":860},{},[20395,20399,20405,20408,20415,20418,20425],{"data":20396,"marks":20397,"value":20398,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push supports advanced security teams in highly targeted and regulated industries, with over 3 million browsers deployed worldwide. As one of the first browser security extensions, launched in 2022, Push has one of the longest track records in the space, and its research team regularly discovers novel attack techniques, including ",{"data":20400,"content":20401,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7291},[20402],{"data":20403,"marks":20404,"value":7296,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20406,"marks":20407,"value":16262,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20409,"content":20410,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16338},[20411],{"data":20412,"marks":20413,"value":20414,"nodeType":864},{},[]," ghost logins",{"data":20416,"marks":20417,"value":16262,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20419,"content":20420,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6486},[20421],{"data":20422,"marks":20423,"value":20424,"nodeType":864},{},[]," SAMLjacking",{"data":20426,"marks":20427,"value":20428,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and regularly publishes campaign analysis referenced across the security community.",{"data":20430,"content":20431,"nodeType":860},{},[20432,20436,20442],{"data":20433,"marks":20434,"value":20435,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, Push actively hunts for new and novel threats across your estate using its research and ",{"data":20437,"content":20438,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8435},[20439],{"data":20440,"marks":20441,"value":12110,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20443,"marks":20444,"value":20445,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with no customer input required. That means you remain protected as the threat landscape evolves, and the capability continues to advance and deliver recurring value over the full contract period without additional effort from your team.",{"data":20447,"content":20448,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20450,"content":20451,"nodeType":1009},{},[20452],{"data":20453,"marks":20454,"value":20456,"nodeType":864},{},[20455],{"type":899},"Where has the budget actually come from for Push’s customers?",{"data":20458,"content":20459,"nodeType":860},{},[20460],{"data":20461,"marks":20462,"value":20463,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's customers have funded their browser security investment through several well-established routes:",{"data":20465,"content":20466,"nodeType":941},{},[20467,20488,20523,20566,20588],{"data":20468,"content":20469,"nodeType":945},{},[20470],{"data":20471,"content":20472,"nodeType":860},{},[20473,20477,20484],{"data":20474,"marks":20475,"value":20476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many teams had funded projects to increase their ",{"data":20478,"content":20479,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19615},[20480],{"data":20481,"marks":20482,"value":20483,"nodeType":864},{},[],"visibility and control over AI use",{"data":20485,"marks":20486,"value":20487,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in their organizations. Push gave them the instrumentation they needed to address their needs while also allowing them to address other valuable security use cases.",{"data":20489,"content":20490,"nodeType":945},{},[20491],{"data":20492,"content":20493,"nodeType":860},{},[20494,20498,20506,20510,20519],{"data":20495,"marks":20496,"value":20497,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push is frequently purchased following a security incident such as an ",{"data":20499,"content":20501,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20500},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/adversary-in-the-middle-attacks",[20502],{"data":20503,"marks":20504,"value":20505,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing breach",{"data":20507,"marks":20508,"value":20509,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or a ",{"data":20511,"content":20513,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20512},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/clickfix-fix-variants",[20514],{"data":20515,"marks":20516,"value":20518,"nodeType":864},{},[20517],{"type":1455},"ClickFix breach",{"data":20520,"marks":20521,"value":20522,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that existing tools failed to detect and stop.",{"data":20524,"content":20525,"nodeType":945},{},[20526],{"data":20527,"content":20528,"nodeType":860},{},[20529,20533,20541,20544,20551,20554,20562],{"data":20530,"marks":20531,"value":20532,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another leverage point has been ",{"data":20534,"content":20536,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20535},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/tool-replacements/cloud-access-security-broker",[20537],{"data":20538,"marks":20539,"value":306,"nodeType":864},{},[20540],{"type":1455},{"data":20542,"marks":20543,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20545,"content":20547,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20546},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/tool-replacements/secure-web-gateways",[20548],{"data":20549,"marks":20550,"value":624,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20552,"marks":20553,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20555,"content":20557,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20556},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/tool-replacements/remote-browser-isolation",[20558],{"data":20559,"marks":20560,"value":20561,"nodeType":864},{},[],"RBI",{"data":20563,"marks":20564,"value":20565,"nodeType":864},{},[]," renewals. The browser-native capabilities of a tool like Push let you either replace or reduce the scope — and cost — on those contracts without losing coverage.",{"data":20567,"content":20568,"nodeType":945},{},[20569],{"data":20570,"content":20571,"nodeType":860},{},[20572,20576,20584],{"data":20573,"marks":20574,"value":20575,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A number of Push customers rolled out ",{"data":20577,"content":20579,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20578},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-chromebooks",[20580],{"data":20581,"marks":20582,"value":20583,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Chromebooks",{"data":20585,"marks":20586,"value":20587,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to parts of their workforce and used the savings that generated to pay for Push. These devices fell outside of their standard EDR coverage and they found that Push provided all the visibility and protection they needed for Chromebook users.",{"data":20589,"content":20590,"nodeType":945},{},[20591],{"data":20592,"content":20593,"nodeType":860},{},[20594,20598],{"data":20595,"marks":20596,"value":20597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But overall, most customers choose to build the net-new case using ROI projections alone. Push customers see direct savings that cover the cost of deploying Push and indirect savings that run into the millions of dollars. ",{"data":20599,"marks":20600,"value":20602,"nodeType":864},{},[20601],{"type":899},"For every $1 invested, Push generates a return of $5 - $15 through a mixture of direct and indirect savings aligned to the five economic value drivers.",{"data":20604,"content":20605,"nodeType":1312},{},[20606],{"data":20607,"marks":20608,"value":20610,"nodeType":864},{},[20609],{"type":899},"Strengthening your case with PoV data",{"data":20612,"content":20613,"nodeType":860},{},[20614,20618,20625],{"data":20615,"marks":20616,"value":20617,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One practical step that strengthens any business case significantly is to ",{"data":20619,"content":20620,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16113},[20621],{"data":20622,"marks":20623,"value":20624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"run a proof of value",{"data":20626,"marks":20627,"value":20628,"nodeType":864},{},[],". A PoV deployment generates findings specific to your organization: real instances of employees being targeted in their browsers, the actual scale of your identity attack surface, and concrete shadow SaaS and AI usage data.",{"data":20630,"content":20631,"nodeType":860},{},[20632],{"data":20633,"marks":20634,"value":20635,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That evidence can be far more compelling to a CFO than generic industry benchmarks, and it hones the projected value from the framework using real-world data taken from your own environment. ",{"data":20637,"content":20638,"nodeType":860},{},[20639],{"data":20640,"marks":20641,"value":20642,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The drawback is that the kind of PoV that generates this type of evidence requires more time and effort to run. Security teams typically opt for this approach when they know they'll encounter stronger resistance to budget being made available and they'll really need to evidence the need in absolutely concrete terms.",{"data":20644,"content":20645,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20647,"content":20648,"nodeType":1009},{},[20649],{"data":20650,"marks":20651,"value":20653,"nodeType":864},{},[20652],{"type":899},"Closing thoughts: “nothing worth having comes easy”",{"data":20655,"content":20656,"nodeType":860},{},[20657],{"data":20658,"marks":20659,"value":20660,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The budget conversation for browser security takes more work than it does for a like-for-like tool replacement — but the security leaders who've been through it consistently find that the economic case is stronger than they expected going in. ",{"data":20662,"content":20663,"nodeType":860},{},[20664],{"data":20665,"marks":20666,"value":20667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both strategic imperatives are grounded in data any CFO can verify independently, the financial impact is quantifiable across multiple dimensions, and the routes to funding are well-established across organizations that have already made this investment.",{"data":20669,"content":20670,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20672,"content":20673,"nodeType":860},{},[20674],{"data":20675,"marks":20676,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20678,"content":20679,"nodeType":860},{},[20680],{"data":20681,"marks":20682,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20684,"content":20685,"nodeType":860},{},[20686,20689,20695],{"data":20687,"marks":20688,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20690,"content":20691,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6897},[20692],{"data":20693,"marks":20694,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20696,"marks":20697,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":20699},{"hyperlink":20700,"inline":20701,"block":20702},[],[],[20703,20710,20736,20760,20787,20813],{"sys":20704,"__typename":1724,"title":20705,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":20706},{"id":19561},"business case framework",{"url":20707,"width":20708,"height":20709},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1TIwUkTfu8uJkxpF3vS8jS/e93b6ddfa432874452812c2566b5e031/business_case_framework_2x__4_.png",3200,2302,{"sys":20711,"__typename":1740,"content":20712,"name":20735,"title":59},{"id":19795},{"json":20713},{"nodeType":856,"data":20714,"content":20715},{},[20716,20723],{"nodeType":860,"data":20717,"content":20718},{},[20719],{"nodeType":864,"value":20720,"marks":20721,"data":20722},"To illustrate the potential economic impact, each value driver below includes an estimate for a hypothetical 1,000-employee US technology company called ACME. The assumptions used are conservative and the benchmarks are publicly available. And while your own numbers will differ, the methodology used is transferable. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":20724,"content":20725},{},[20726,20730],{"nodeType":864,"value":20727,"marks":20728,"data":20729},"Using these estimates, ACME can conservatively expect a return of ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":20731,"marks":20732,"data":20734},"$435K–$925K in combined annual value from direct labor savings, risk-adjusted cost avoidance, and accelerated productivity gains.",[20733],{"type":899},{},"Browser business case IB1",{"sys":20737,"__typename":1740,"content":20738,"name":20759,"title":59},{"id":19910},{"json":20739},{"nodeType":856,"data":20740,"content":20741},{},[20742],{"nodeType":860,"data":20743,"content":20744},{},[20745,20750,20754],{"nodeType":864,"value":20746,"marks":20747,"data":20749},"ACME example: ",[20748],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":20751,"marks":20752,"data":20753},"IBM's data puts the average breach cost for a technology company at approximately $4.9M. Assuming a conservative 5–8% annual breach probability, and given that 80% of breaches are now identity-based and execute via the browser, the question is how much of that exposure Push eliminates. Push detects and blocks browser-native, identity-based attacks in real time. 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Investigation efficiency gains from earlier detection and the elimination of compromised credential false positives save a further $45K–$65K. Reduced analyst attrition, driven by the removal of tedious manual work, avoids $15K–$25K in recruitment and ramp-up costs. 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headline finding getting the most airtime in 2026 is that vulnerability exploitation has overtaken credential abuse as the top single initial access vector, jumping to 31% from 20% the year before. The vulnerability management crisis driving this statistic is one of the most important stories in this year's data. But reading it as evidence that identity threats are receding would be a mistake, because the DBIR's own data tells a more complicated and more useful story when you look at the full picture.",{"data":21460,"content":21461,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21463,"content":21464,"nodeType":1009},{},[21465],{"data":21466,"marks":21467,"value":21469,"nodeType":864},{},[21468],{"type":899},"Vulnerability exploitation has caught up with identity — not replaced it",{"data":21471,"content":21472,"nodeType":860},{},[21473,21477,21482],{"data":21474,"marks":21475,"value":21476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's headline comparison pits vulnerability exploitation (31%) against credential abuse (13%) as individual vectors. That comparison is accurate but incomplete, because the DBIR tracks identity-related initial access across ",{"data":21478,"marks":21479,"value":21481,"nodeType":864},{},[21480],{"type":899},"three",{"data":21483,"marks":21484,"value":21485,"nodeType":864},{},[]," separate categories: phishing (16%), credential abuse (13%), and pretexting (6%). Before interpreting those numbers, there's a methodological wrinkle worth understanding.",{"data":21487,"content":21488,"nodeType":860},{},[21489],{"data":21490,"marks":21491,"value":21492,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This year's report added pretexting as a newly tracked initial access vector, reclassifying some incidents previously counted as credential abuse. The DBIR is transparent about the effect: without that change, credential abuse would have been 16% rather than 13%. On an apples-to-apples basis, identity-related initial access (phishing 16% + credential abuse 16%) comes to 32% — versus 31% for vulnerability exploitation.",{"data":21494,"content":21495,"nodeType":860},{},[21496],{"data":21497,"marks":21498,"value":21499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be precise about what moved: phishing held roughly flat year over year, but credential abuse saw a modest decline even on the adjusted basis (from 22% to 16%). Overall, the identity picture is broadly stable. The reason the two categories have converged is that vulnerability exploitation surged 55%, not that identity attacks meaningfully receded.",{"data":21501,"content":21505,"nodeType":996},{"target":21502},{"sys":21503},{"id":21504,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5GvSsSY4R6X34ZBMidZ54X",[],{"data":21507,"content":21508,"nodeType":1312},{},[21509],{"data":21510,"marks":21511,"value":21513,"nodeType":864},{},[21512],{"type":899},"The taxonomy gap",{"data":21515,"content":21516,"nodeType":860},{},[21517],{"data":21518,"marks":21519,"value":21520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's also worth asking how much the DBIR's initial access taxonomy can tell us. The figure that everyone is citing — Figure 10 — is labelled \"select enumerations,\" and the four tracked vectors (vulnerability exploitation, phishing, credential abuse, pretexting) add up to only 66% of initial access. A third of the picture isn't represented in the headline breakdown at all.",{"data":21522,"content":21523,"nodeType":860},{},[21524],{"data":21525,"marks":21526,"value":21527,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The cluster boundaries and where you draw them also changes the story. The DBIR classifies ClickFix under \"baiting\" — a category that covers malicious downloads and SEO poisoning — rather than phishing, even though the end goal is often the same: getting a user to execute something they shouldn't. Pretexting absorbed incidents that were previously credential abuse, shifting the numbers between categories. These are useful analytical clusters, but they aren't clean divisions of a neatly partitioned attack surface.",{"data":21529,"content":21533,"nodeType":996},{"target":21530},{"sys":21531},{"id":21532,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7t6ZcHDycaPOyLstX4r8zl",[],{"data":21535,"content":21536,"nodeType":860},{},[21537,21541,21548],{"data":21538,"marks":21539,"value":21540,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are identity attacks at scale, and it isn't clear where — or whether — they show up in the DBIR's initial access vectors. This lack of depth in identity and in-browser attack vectors is common in many defensive models, which is why we've created our own ",{"data":21542,"content":21543,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6498},[21544],{"data":21545,"marks":21546,"value":21547,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser and Identity Attacks Matrix",{"data":21549,"marks":21550,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21552,"content":21555,"nodeType":996},{"target":21553},{"sys":21554},{"id":6245,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":21557,"content":21558,"nodeType":860},{},[21559,21563,21568],{"data":21560,"marks":21561,"value":21562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That convergence at initial access also understates the role credentials play across full breach chains. The DBIR states plainly that credential abuse at any point in the breach progression — not just as the first action — appears in ",{"data":21564,"marks":21565,"value":21567,"nodeType":864},{},[21566],{"type":899},"39% of all breaches",{"data":21569,"marks":21570,"value":21571,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making it the single most pervasive technique in the dataset. Credentials don't just open the front door; they unlock lateral movement, privilege escalation, and persistence throughout the attack chain.",{"data":21573,"content":21574,"nodeType":1312},{},[21575],{"data":21576,"marks":21577,"value":21579,"nodeType":864},{},[21578],{"type":899},"The vulnerability treadmill",{"data":21581,"content":21582,"nodeType":860},{},[21583,21587,21592],{"data":21584,"marks":21585,"value":21586,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The vulnerability exploitation surge itself is driven by a structural capacity crisis rather than a shift in attacker preference. Edge devices and VPNs now account for 22% of vulnerability-exploitation breaches, up from 3% the prior year — a ",{"data":21588,"marks":21589,"value":21591,"nodeType":864},{},[21590],{"type":2246},"sevenfold",{"data":21593,"marks":21594,"value":21595,"nodeType":864},{},[]," increase. Organizations face 50% more CISA KEV vulnerabilities to remediate than a year ago, median remediation time has increased from 32 to 43 days, and the volume of vulnerability records in the dataset has grown roughly eightfold.",{"data":21597,"content":21598,"nodeType":860},{},[21599],{"data":21600,"marks":21601,"value":21602,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This trend was already visible in last year's DBIR, when vulnerability exploitation jumped from 15% to 20%. AI-assisted exploit development may be compounding the problem — the DBIR's own data shows 32% of AI-assisted initial access targeting vulnerability exploitation — but the structural capacity crisis was accelerating well before AI became a meaningful factor in the attacker toolkit.",{"data":21604,"content":21605,"nodeType":860},{},[21606],{"data":21607,"marks":21608,"value":21609,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The vulnerability treadmill is accelerating, and the DBIR's remediation data shows defenders losing ground. But this is an additive problem, not a substitution. Both attack surfaces are growing. ",{"data":21611,"content":21612,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21614,"content":21615,"nodeType":1009},{},[21616],{"data":21617,"marks":21618,"value":21620,"nodeType":864},{},[21619],{"type":899},"Phishing has left the inbox",{"data":21622,"content":21623,"nodeType":860},{},[21624,21628,21633],{"data":21625,"marks":21626,"value":21627,"nodeType":864},{},[],"41% percent of social engineering breaches now involve vectors other than email, with approximately a quarter coming from social media or phone-based channels. Voice phishing simulations show a ",{"data":21629,"marks":21630,"value":21632,"nodeType":864},{},[21631],{"type":899},"40% higher success rate",{"data":21634,"marks":21635,"value":21636,"nodeType":864},{},[]," than email phishing — a median click rate of 2% versus 1.4%.",{"data":21638,"content":21642,"nodeType":996},{"target":21639},{"sys":21640},{"id":21641,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7pK8qqIDDNmHmJmlcybNoe",[],{"data":21644,"content":21645,"nodeType":860},{},[21646,21650,21657],{"data":21647,"marks":21648,"value":21649,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even within the email channel, the data confirms what ",{"data":21651,"content":21652,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16169},[21653],{"data":21654,"marks":21655,"value":21656,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser-level detection data has been showing",{"data":21658,"marks":21659,"value":21660,"nodeType":864},{},[],": credential harvesting dominates. The DBIR's email security gateway breakdown shows 80% of blocked attacks are credential or session phishing, with only 10% involving malware delivery, 5% callback phishing, and 3% BEC. If you're running an email security gateway, the vast majority of what it catches is credential phishing — and 41% of social engineering is arriving through channels it can't see at all.",{"data":21662,"content":21666,"nodeType":996},{"target":21663},{"sys":21664},{"id":21665,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6CvwzQA3gJ8B3RFzLrH7Kp",[],{"data":21668,"content":21669,"nodeType":1312},{},[21670],{"data":21671,"marks":21672,"value":21674,"nodeType":864},{},[21673],{"type":899},"The ClickFix detection gap",{"data":21676,"content":21677,"nodeType":860},{},[21678,21682,21690,21694],{"data":21679,"marks":21680,"value":21681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR reports ClickFix at only 2.7% of attacks detected at the browser level. For context, ",{"data":21683,"content":21685,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21684},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection/",[21686],{"data":21687,"marks":21688,"value":21689,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CrowdStrike reported a 563% increase in ClickFix lures",{"data":21691,"marks":21692,"value":21693,"nodeType":864},{},[]," over the same period and Microsoft identified it as the most common initial access point at 47% of observed attacks. Push's own data shows ClickFix at a significantly higher proportion of browser-level detections, ",{"data":21695,"marks":21696,"value":21698,"nodeType":864},{},[21697],{"type":899},"with 4 in 5 delivered via search engines specifically.",{"data":21700,"content":21701,"nodeType":860},{},[21702],{"data":21703,"marks":21704,"value":21705,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gap is striking, and the most likely explanation is a visibility one. ClickFix attacks result in a malware download or script execution on the endpoint — and without browser-layer context, that execution looks like any other malware delivery. If a contributing organization doesn't have visibility into the browser session that preceded the payload, they'd attribute the incident to \"malware download\" or \"user execution\" rather than ClickFix specifically. The DBIR's 2.7% probably reflects how often contributors could trace the chain back to a ClickFix page, not how often ClickFix was actually the delivery mechanism.",{"data":21707,"content":21708,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21710,"content":21711,"nodeType":1009},{},[21712],{"data":21713,"marks":21714,"value":21716,"nodeType":864},{},[21715],{"type":899},"Stolen credentials are the ransomware on-ramp",{"data":21718,"content":21719,"nodeType":860},{},[21720],{"data":21721,"marks":21722,"value":21723,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the most powerful findings in this year's DBIR is the quantification of the relationship between credential compromise and ransomware outcomes. Fifty percent of ransomware victims had a credential or infostealer event occur within 95 days prior to the ransomware attack, drawing a causal line from credential theft to ransomware deployment.",{"data":21725,"content":21729,"nodeType":996},{"target":21726},{"sys":21727},{"id":21728,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ZwG5UiweFR4fYiDaxJJDm",[],{"data":21731,"content":21732,"nodeType":860},{},[21733],{"data":21734,"marks":21735,"value":21736,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The infostealer supply chain data reinforces the picture. Infostealers are surfacing an average of 2,362 breached corporate credentials per month from organizational email domains in stealer log datasets, and 54% of devices in Initial Access Broker logs had at least one infostealer installed. The 95-day median window is consistent with the known timeline from credential harvest to ransomware deployment.",{"data":21738,"content":21739,"nodeType":860},{},[21740,21744,21751],{"data":21741,"marks":21742,"value":21743,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That timeline reinforces an argument we've been making about ",{"data":21745,"content":21746,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},[21747],{"data":21748,"marks":21749,"value":21750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"where the intervention point needs to be",{"data":21752,"marks":21753,"value":21754,"nodeType":864},{},[],": detecting credential compromise upstream — at the point of credential entry, session creation, or stolen credential reuse — rather than waiting for the ransomware deployment that follows weeks or months later.",{"data":21756,"content":21757,"nodeType":1312},{},[21758],{"data":21759,"marks":21760,"value":21762,"nodeType":864},{},[21761],{"type":899},"Post-compromise tradecraft is shifting",{"data":21764,"content":21765,"nodeType":860},{},[21766,21770,21775],{"data":21767,"marks":21768,"value":21769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's post-compromise data adds another dimension. RMM tool abuse by threat actors showed a ",{"data":21771,"marks":21772,"value":21774,"nodeType":864},{},[21773],{"type":899},"240% increase",{"data":21776,"marks":21777,"value":21778,"nodeType":864},{},[]," over the prior year, while traditional backdoor and C2 malware usage fell 27%. Attackers are increasingly living off the land with the same remote access tools IT teams use. Post-compromise detection is getting harder, which makes catching the initial credential compromise upstream that much more valuable.",{"data":21780,"content":21781,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21783,"content":21784,"nodeType":1009},{},[21785],{"data":21786,"marks":21787,"value":21789,"nodeType":864},{},[21788],{"type":899},"Your vendors are half the problem",{"data":21791,"content":21792,"nodeType":860},{},[21793,21797,21802],{"data":21794,"marks":21795,"value":21796,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Third-party involvement in breaches reached ",{"data":21798,"marks":21799,"value":21801,"nodeType":864},{},[21800],{"type":899},"48%",{"data":21803,"marks":21804,"value":21805,"nodeType":864},{},[]," this year, up from 30% — a 60% increase that follows a prior year where the figure had already doubled.",{"data":21807,"content":21808,"nodeType":860},{},[21809],{"data":21810,"marks":21811,"value":21812,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's root cause analysis maps directly to identity security: insecure authentication — absent MFA, improper credential rotation — and lack of least privilege enforcement account for a substantial share of cloud-based third-party incidents. Only 23% of third-party organizations fully remediated missing or improperly secured MFA on cloud accounts, and weak password and permission misconfigurations took a median of 8 months to resolve 50% of findings.",{"data":21814,"content":21815,"nodeType":860},{},[21816],{"data":21817,"marks":21818,"value":21819,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Eight months. That's the median timeline for third-party vendors to resolve the identity hygiene issues that create the attack surface in their environments — environments that your data lives in.",{"data":21821,"content":21822,"nodeType":860},{},[21823,21827,21834],{"data":21824,"marks":21825,"value":21826,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Extend that posture gap across every vendor and third-party integration, and you start to see why the third-party breach figure keeps climbing. Visibility into ",{"data":21828,"content":21829,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},[21830],{"data":21831,"marks":21832,"value":21833,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OAuth consent flows and third-party integration sprawl",{"data":21835,"marks":21836,"value":21837,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the starting point for getting ahead of a supply chain problem that is structurally getting worse.",{"data":21839,"content":21840,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21842,"content":21843,"nodeType":1009},{},[21844],{"data":21845,"marks":21846,"value":21848,"nodeType":864},{},[21847],{"type":899},"AI is scaling known techniques — and creating new blind spots from the inside",{"data":21850,"content":21851,"nodeType":860},{},[21852],{"data":21853,"marks":21854,"value":21855,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's AI analysis this year is grounded in a collaboration with Anthropic covering 793 threat actors who received enforcement action for violating acceptable use policy between March 2025 and February 2026. The findings are measured rather than alarmist: in the median case, actors sought AI assistance across about 15 distinct ATT&CK techniques, 44% of AI-assisted initial access was phishing-related, and less than 2.5% of techniques observed were classified as rare.",{"data":21857,"content":21858,"nodeType":860},{},[21859],{"data":21860,"marks":21861,"value":21862,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI is currently an operational tool for attackers — automating and scaling known techniques rather than unlocking novel ones. Despite heavy AI-assisted focus on phishing, the DBIR's own incident dataset shows phishing as an initial access vector has barely changed year over year — suggesting AI may be uplifting less-experienced attackers to a higher baseline of lure quality without meaningfully increasing success rates against organizations that already have detection in place.",{"data":21864,"content":21865,"nodeType":860},{},[21866],{"data":21867,"marks":21868,"value":21869,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The more concerning number is the 32% of AI-assisted initial access targeting vulnerability exploitation — compounding the patching capacity crisis discussed earlier in a trend that was already accelerating before AI entered the picture.",{"data":21871,"content":21875,"nodeType":996},{"target":21872},{"sys":21873},{"id":21874,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4bFTnVx1SXMQzZSaICCJOn",[],{"data":21877,"content":21878,"nodeType":1312},{},[21879],{"data":21880,"marks":21881,"value":21883,"nodeType":864},{},[21882],{"type":899},"Shadow AI is the bigger problem",{"data":21885,"content":21886,"nodeType":860},{},[21887,21891,21896],{"data":21888,"marks":21889,"value":21890,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The sharper AI risk for most organizations, though, is internal. Forty-five percent of employees are now regular AI users on corporate devices — up from 15%, a threefold increase — and ",{"data":21892,"marks":21893,"value":21895,"nodeType":864},{},[21894],{"type":899},"67% of them use non-corporate accounts",{"data":21897,"marks":21898,"value":21899,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Shadow AI has become the third most common non-malicious insider action in DLP data, a fourfold increase over the prior year, with source code as the leading data type submitted to unauthorized AI platforms by a wide margin.",{"data":21901,"content":21902,"nodeType":860},{},[21903],{"data":21904,"marks":21905,"value":21906,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser extension angle is particularly relevant. More than 15% of users had unauthorized AI browser extensions installed, and the DBIR specifically notes that these extensions collect and retain browsing context from internal sites — creating a data exfiltration pathway that operates independently of traditional DLP controls.",{"data":21908,"content":21909,"nodeType":860},{},[21910,21914,21921],{"data":21911,"marks":21912,"value":21913,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is moving faster than any previous shadow IT wave, and the data loss vector is the browser — where users interact with AI tools, where extensions collect context, and where OAuth consent grants connect AI services to corporate data. Visibility and control at that layer isn't a nice-to-have for AI governance; ",{"data":21915,"content":21916,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16350},[21917],{"data":21918,"marks":21919,"value":21920,"nodeType":864},{},[],"it's the minimum viable starting point",{"data":21922,"marks":21923,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21925,"content":21926,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21928,"content":21929,"nodeType":1009},{},[21930],{"data":21931,"marks":21932,"value":21934,"nodeType":864},{},[21933],{"type":899},"What this means for defenders",{"data":21936,"content":21937,"nodeType":860},{},[21938],{"data":21939,"marks":21940,"value":21941,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The DBIR's 2026 data paints a picture of converging pressures rather than shifting priorities. Vulnerability exploitation surged, but identity-related initial access is broadly stable and credential abuse at 39% across full breach chains remains the single most pervasive technique in the dataset. Phishing is arriving through channels that email gateways can't see. The infostealer-to-ransomware pipeline now has longitudinal data behind it. Third-party involvement keeps climbing because vendor identity hygiene takes months to remediate. And shadow AI is creating data exposure pathways that most security stacks weren't designed to see.",{"data":21943,"content":21944,"nodeType":860},{},[21945],{"data":21946,"marks":21947,"value":21948,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The common thread across all of these findings is that the browser — where credentials are entered, sessions are created, OAuth consent is granted, AI tools are accessed, and extensions collect data — is the layer where these risks converge and where defenders need visibility and control if they're going to address them at the point of risk rather than after the 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Vercel ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":23901,"content":23902},{"uri":4103},[23903],{"nodeType":864,"value":23904,"marks":23905,"data":23906},"wasn't even a registered customer",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":23908,"marks":23909,"data":23910}," of Context.ai. When Context.ai was subsequently compromised via an infostealer infection, the attacker leveraged stored OAuth tokens to pivot into the Vercel employee's Google Workspace account, accessing internal dashboards, API keys, NPM tokens, and GitHub tokens.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":23912,"content":23913},{},[23914,23918,23924,23928,23936],{"nodeType":864,"value":23915,"marks":23916,"data":23917},"Vercel is far from an isolated case. In 2025, ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":23919,"content":23920},{"uri":7492},[23921],{"nodeType":864,"value":7497,"marks":23922,"data":23923},[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":23925,"marks":23926,"data":23927}," launched OAuth-driven supply chain attacks against Salesforce and Google Workspace tenants after breaching Salesloft Drift and Gainsight, impacting over 1,000 organizations and stealing over 1.5 billion records. More recently, Snowflake customers were impacted after a ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":23929,"content":23931},{"uri":23930},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/snowflake-customers-hit-in-data-theft-attacks-after-saas-integrator-breach/",[23932],{"nodeType":864,"value":23933,"marks":23934,"data":23935},"breach at data anomaly detection company Anodot",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":23937,"marks":23938,"data":23939},", where attackers attempted to leverage stolen authentication tokens to access downstream environments.",[],{},"Shadow ai ib3",{"sys":23942,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":23943,"buttonLabel":23944,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":23945},{"id":2633},"For a step-by-step walkthrough of how to implement these controls, including shadow AI discovery, graduated enforcement, and data loss prevention, see our practical guide to shadow AI visibility and control.","Read Now","pushsecurity.com/blog/shadow-ai-how-to-discover-govern-and-secure-ai-apps",{"items":23947},[23948,23968,24000,24025],{"answer":23949,"question":23967},{"json":23950},{"nodeType":856,"data":23951,"content":23952},{},[23953,23960],{"nodeType":860,"data":23954,"content":23955},{},[23956],{"nodeType":864,"value":23957,"marks":23958,"data":23959},"Shadow IT management has a well-established playbook: discover unauthorized apps through CASB logs or network monitoring, enforce SSO to bring them under identity governance, and apply block/allow decisions at the proxy or firewall. That playbook assumes the tool is a discrete app that employees signed up for, that it's reachable through the network layer, and that the main risk is ungoverned data storage. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":23961,"content":23962},{},[23963],{"nodeType":864,"value":23964,"marks":23965,"data":23966},"Shadow AI breaks all three assumptions. AI doesn't just store data — it actively processes it, and employees submit qualitatively more sensitive material (source code, credentials, internal strategy) into AI prompts than they typically put into a project management tool or file-sharing app. AI also arrives embedded inside tools you've already approved — Salesforce, Google Workspace, Notion, Slack all ship AI features that activate without a separate procurement decision, so there's no sign-up event for a CASB to catch. And the integration surface is different: AI tools connect to other enterprise apps through OAuth grants and MCP connections that create persistent API-level access, turning each one into a potential pivot point across your SaaS estate. This level of AI integration dwarfs typical SaaS-to-SaaS interconnectivity, and what an agent can do with the data in a given app is typically much more permissive and way less predictable. ",[],{},"How is shadow AI different from regular shadow IT or shadow SaaS?",{"answer":23969,"question":23999},{"json":23970},{"nodeType":856,"data":23971,"content":23972},{},[23973,23980],{"nodeType":860,"data":23974,"content":23975},{},[23976],{"nodeType":864,"value":23977,"marks":23978,"data":23979},"When an employee uses a personal ChatGPT, Gemini, or Claude account to do work, everything they submit — prompts, file uploads, pasted code — goes to an environment your organization has no governance over. There are no data retention controls, no audit trail, no DLP policies, and no way to revoke access if that employee leaves. The Verizon DBIR found 67% of GenAI users on corporate devices use non-corporate accounts, and Push data shows 38% of file uploads to AI tools come from these shadow accounts rather than approved organizational ones. The risk isn't hypothetical usage of a banned tool — it's real work happening on the same tool you approved, just on an account you can't see or control.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":23981,"content":23982},{},[23983,23987,23995],{"nodeType":864,"value":23984,"marks":23985,"data":23986},"It's even worse if that employee has been tricked into joining an external tenant (",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":23988,"content":23990},{"uri":23989},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/openai-poisoned-tenant-attack",[23991],{"nodeType":864,"value":23992,"marks":23993,"data":23994},"as attackers tried to trick Push employees into doing recently",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":23996,"marks":23997,"data":23998},") where your data flows directly into the hands of a malicious outsider. ",[],{},"What's the risk if employees use personal AI accounts for work?",{"answer":24001,"question":24024},{"json":24002},{"nodeType":856,"data":24003,"content":24004},{},[24005],{"nodeType":860,"data":24006,"content":24007},{},[24008,24012,24020],{"nodeType":864,"value":24009,"marks":24010,"data":24011},"Yes, and this is one of the less visible risks of shadow AI. Many AI tools request OAuth permissions to connect to Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Slack, or code repositories during setup — a \"Connect to Google Drive\" or \"Sign in with Microsoft\" flow that grants persistent API-level access to data in those systems. Unlike a browser session that expires, these tokens survive password resets and MFA changes, and they often have broader scope than users realize (shared drives, shared calendars, any collaborative resource the consenting user can reach). The ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":24013,"content":24015},{"uri":24014},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-vercel-breach",[24016],{"nodeType":864,"value":24017,"marks":24018,"data":24019},"Vercel breach",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":24021,"marks":24022,"data":24023}," showed what happens when one of these goes wrong: a single forgotten OAuth integration from a consumer AI app gave attackers a path into internal dashboards, API keys, and source code repositories.",[],{},"Can AI tools access my other enterprise apps?",{"answer":24026,"question":24044},{"json":24027},{"nodeType":856,"data":24028,"content":24029},{},[24030,24037],{"nodeType":860,"data":24031,"content":24032},{},[24033],{"nodeType":864,"value":24034,"marks":24035,"data":24036},"MCP (Model Context Protocol) connections let AI tools interact with other applications — reading files, querying databases, triggering workflows — through a standardized interface. Approving an MCP connection grants the AI tool persistent access to whatever systems the MCP server exposes, and that access operates at the API layer rather than through the browser session you're used to controlling. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":24038,"content":24039},{},[24040],{"nodeType":864,"value":24041,"marks":24042,"data":24043},"The risk is similar to OAuth but often broader in scope: a single MCP connection to a code repository or project management tool can give the AI agent read and write access across that system, and if the AI tool or MCP server is compromised, those permissions become the attacker's permissions. Unlike a browser session, MCP tokens persist until explicitly revoked, and compromising one AI agent that's connected to multiple MCP servers yields tokens for every service it was connected to.",[],{},"What's the risk if I approve an MCP connection?","Shadow AI: Frequently asked questions",{},"Shadow AI: the numbers behind each type of shadow AI",{"items":24049},[24050,24815,25896],{"__typename":2059,"sys":24051,"content":24053,"title":24801,"synopsis":24802,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":24803,"slug":24804,"tagsCollection":24805,"authorsCollection":24811},{"id":24052},"Lq2AFQ8VG2rMEe4h2CYuH",{"json":24054},{"data":24055,"content":24056,"nodeType":856},{},[24057,24084,24117,24124,24130,24133,24141,24148,24154,24173,24180,24188,24208,24224,24231,24238,24241,24249,24256,24263,24326,24333,24341,24353,24360,24367,24373,24381,24388,24395,24402,24409,24415,24423,24430,24514,24520,24523,24531,24538,24554,24561,24568,24574,24593,24596,24603,24610,24616,24634,24641,24648,24654,24657,24664,24671,24678,24684,24691,24697,24703,24728,24734,24746,24753,24760],{"data":24058,"content":24059,"nodeType":860},{},[24060,24064,24072,24076,24081],{"data":24061,"marks":24062,"value":24063,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This week, a user going by the name of “ShinyHunters” (though allegedly not ",{"data":24065,"content":24066,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7492},[24067],{"data":24068,"marks":24069,"value":24071,"nodeType":864},{},[24070],{"type":1455},"actual ShinyHunters",{"data":24073,"marks":24074,"value":24075,"nodeType":864},{},[],", but someone imitating them in an attempt to trade off their credibility) posted on a breach forum claiming access keys, source code, and database data stolen from cloud development platform provider ",{"data":24077,"marks":24078,"value":24080,"nodeType":864},{},[24079],{"type":899},"Vercel",{"data":24082,"marks":24083,"value":16076,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24085,"content":24086,"nodeType":860},{},[24087,24091,24100,24104,24113],{"data":24088,"marks":24089,"value":24090,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This happened because a Vercel employee had connected an AI app, Context.ai, into their Google Workspace tenant. When Context.ai was compromised — ",{"data":24092,"content":24094,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24093},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/breaking-vercel-breach-linked-to-infostealer-infection-at-context-ai/",[24095],{"data":24096,"marks":24097,"value":24099,"nodeType":864},{},[24098],{"type":1455},"allegedly the result of an infostealer infection from an employee searching for Roblox cheats",{"data":24101,"marks":24102,"value":24103,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — the attacker was able to leverage OAuth tokens stored in Context.ai’s Supabase platform to access downstream customer accounts (pointing to a heavily permissioned victim, probably a developer, possibly even a ",{"data":24105,"content":24107,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24106},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-sync-attacks-where-personal-account-hacks-lead-to-corporate-breaches/",[24108],{"data":24109,"marks":24110,"value":24112,"nodeType":864},{},[24111],{"type":1455},"personal device with access to corp credentials",{"data":24114,"marks":24115,"value":24116,"nodeType":864},{},[],"). ",{"data":24118,"content":24119,"nodeType":860},{},[24120],{"data":24121,"marks":24122,"value":24123,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This access included a Vercel employee’s Google Workspace account. This particular user had significant access to data and secrets in Vercel’s systems, including internal dashboards, employee records, API keys, NPM tokens, and GitHub tokens, which the attacker was able to exfiltrate, holding Vercel to ransom for $2 million. ",{"data":24125,"content":24129,"nodeType":996},{"target":24126},{"sys":24127},{"id":24128,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Ft8aSnzfYVZ7j57mYeXgQ",[],{"data":24131,"content":24132,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24134,"content":24135,"nodeType":1009},{},[24136],{"data":24137,"marks":24138,"value":24140,"nodeType":864},{},[24139],{"type":899},"How did this happen, and what could have stopped it?",{"data":24142,"content":24143,"nodeType":860},{},[24144],{"data":24145,"marks":24146,"value":24147,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From Vercel’s perspective, this attack could have been avoided had their employees been blocked from adding new OAuth integrations without admin approval (a toggle in their Google admin panel, and an essential control in a well-configured environment). Or, if the integration had been flagged in a routine audit and removed. ",{"data":24149,"content":24153,"nodeType":996},{"target":24150},{"sys":24151},{"id":24152,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"b5HFvY1m6RnuXL3a95jVt",[],{"data":24155,"content":24156,"nodeType":860},{},[24157,24161,24169],{"data":24158,"marks":24159,"value":24160,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It probably should have been removed, too. The particular OAuth app that was connected into the environment was a deprecated “AI Office Suite” product intended for consumer use. ",{"data":24162,"content":24164,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24163},"https://context.ai/security-update",[24165],{"data":24166,"marks":24167,"value":24168,"nodeType":864},{},[],"According to Context.ai",{"data":24170,"marks":24171,"value":24172,"nodeType":864},{},[],", Vercel aren’t even a registered customer — adding more evidence that this was probably the result of a self-service trial that was subsequently forgotten about. That consumer product has also since been replaced by an enterprise product. But for whatever reason, the access hadn’t been revoked (from either side). ",{"data":24174,"content":24175,"nodeType":860},{},[24176],{"data":24177,"marks":24178,"value":24179,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The elephant in the room is that Context.ai is an AI app. Most organizations are rightly nervous about employees adding unapproved AI SaaS into their environment. Having employees use shadow AI in the form of LLMs is one thing — users uploading sensitive data to unapproved apps or external tenants being the key concern. But OAuth grants are even more dangerous. Because if that app or vendor is compromised, the apps and accounts you’ve integrated it with are also at risk — which is what was exploited here. ",{"data":24181,"content":24182,"nodeType":1312},{},[24183],{"data":24184,"marks":24185,"value":24187,"nodeType":864},{},[24186],{"type":899},"Where’s the fault?",{"data":24189,"content":24190,"nodeType":860},{},[24191,24195,24204],{"data":24192,"marks":24193,"value":24194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s easy to point fingers here. There are multiple control gaps and failures for both parties. Vercel should have disabled OAuth grants without admin approval, and regularly audited the connections in their environment. From a vendor's perspective, they could have also default applied a control that ",{"data":24196,"content":24198,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24197},"https://vercel.com/kb/bulletin/vercel-april-2026-security-incident",[24199],{"data":24200,"marks":24201,"value":24203,"nodeType":864},{},[24202],{"type":1455},"prevents secret environment variables from being read",{"data":24205,"marks":24206,"value":24207,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — which would have significantly reduced the impact to Vercel customers from the data breach. ",{"data":24209,"content":24210,"nodeType":860},{},[24211,24215,24220],{"data":24212,"marks":24213,"value":24214,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Context.ai comes off worse. They could and should have had better separation of accounts and privileges — and if true, their users really shouldn’t be downloading Roblox scripts on devices they use for work access. It’s important to say ",{"data":24216,"marks":24217,"value":24219,"nodeType":864},{},[24218],{"type":2246},"if true",{"data":24221,"marks":24222,"value":24223,"nodeType":864},{},[]," here, but the prospect of third parties accessing your environment from insecure devices that they use for gaming is the stuff of nightmares for enterprise security and compliance teams.",{"data":24225,"content":24226,"nodeType":860},{},[24227],{"data":24228,"marks":24229,"value":24230,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You definitely don’t want to be Context.ai in this scenario. The reputational harm could be pretty significant, and is a wake-up call for other SaaS vendors to check that their house is in order. But although Vercel have responded quickly and transparently to the incident, this could only really have happened as a result of technical and procedural control gaps on their end.",{"data":24232,"content":24233,"nodeType":860},{},[24234],{"data":24235,"marks":24236,"value":24237,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth taking a step back and looking at the bigger picture here — and how these issues might impact your organization too. ",{"data":24239,"content":24240,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24242,"content":24243,"nodeType":1009},{},[24244],{"data":24245,"marks":24246,"value":24248,"nodeType":864},{},[24247],{"type":899},"Shadow AI is still just shadow SaaS – but the AI scramble is a force multiplier",{"data":24250,"content":24251,"nodeType":860},{},[24252],{"data":24253,"marks":24254,"value":24255,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow IT, and in particular shadow SaaS, is not a new problem. Most organizations run heavily (or exclusively) on SaaS, accessed in the browser, with hundreds of apps per enterprise. Unmanaged, self-adopted apps have been a thorn in the side of security teams for some time. ",{"data":24257,"content":24258,"nodeType":860},{},[24259],{"data":24260,"marks":24261,"value":24262,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are essentially four kinds of shadow IT to be wary of in the context of AI apps:",{"data":24264,"content":24265,"nodeType":941},{},[24266,24281,24296,24311],{"data":24267,"content":24268,"nodeType":945},{},[24269],{"data":24270,"content":24271,"nodeType":860},{},[24272,24277],{"data":24273,"marks":24274,"value":24276,"nodeType":864},{},[24275],{"type":899},"Shadow apps:",{"data":24278,"marks":24279,"value":24280,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Apps that employees have signed up to and are using for business purposes without business approval. This includes apps signed up to with a corporate account or personal account. ",{"data":24282,"content":24283,"nodeType":945},{},[24284],{"data":24285,"content":24286,"nodeType":860},{},[24287,24292],{"data":24288,"marks":24289,"value":24291,"nodeType":864},{},[24290],{"type":899},"Shadow tenants:",{"data":24293,"marks":24294,"value":24295,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Apps that employees are accessing with personal accounts, essentially creating shadow tenants outside of your organization’s control — even if you’ve approved the app itself.",{"data":24297,"content":24298,"nodeType":945},{},[24299],{"data":24300,"content":24301,"nodeType":860},{},[24302,24307],{"data":24303,"marks":24304,"value":24306,"nodeType":864},{},[24305],{"type":899},"Shadow extensions:",{"data":24308,"marks":24309,"value":24310,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Many AI apps come with an extension counterpart, along with countless third-party extensions that are either untrustworthy or downright malicious. Browser extensions add another angle to the equation by presenting visibility beyond the application into browser activity. ",{"data":24312,"content":24313,"nodeType":945},{},[24314],{"data":24315,"content":24316,"nodeType":860},{},[24317,24322],{"data":24318,"marks":24319,"value":24321,"nodeType":864},{},[24320],{"type":899},"Shadow integrations:",{"data":24323,"marks":24324,"value":24325,"nodeType":864},{},[]," OAuth connections across apps that aren’t known or approved. Even if an app itself is approved, plugging that app directly into your primary enterprise apps — with all the sensitive data and functionality therein — isn't necessarily also approved.  ",{"data":24327,"content":24328,"nodeType":860},{},[24329],{"data":24330,"marks":24331,"value":24332,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the Vercel case, we’re talking specifically about shadow integrations. But all of these present a key risk to your organization. ",{"data":24334,"content":24335,"nodeType":1312},{},[24336],{"data":24337,"marks":24338,"value":24340,"nodeType":864},{},[24339],{"type":899},"The web of OAuth sprawl spans way beyond Google and Microsoft ",{"data":24342,"content":24343,"nodeType":860},{},[24344,24349],{"data":24345,"marks":24346,"value":24348,"nodeType":864},{},[24347],{"type":899},"On average we see 17 unique AI app integrations per organization in Microsoft and Google alone",{"data":24350,"marks":24351,"value":24352,"nodeType":864},{},[],". If you consider that most organizations have probably approved 1 or 2 max for business use, and may have approved none at all for app-to-app OAuth connectivity, that’s quite a significant difference. ",{"data":24354,"content":24355,"nodeType":860},{},[24356],{"data":24357,"marks":24358,"value":24359,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The number of connections outside of these core platforms is significantly higher. Just think how the typical AI app operates. If you want it to be able to effectively automate workflows — pull data from one app, aggregate and analyze it in another, present that information in a report, dashboard, or presentation, and then distribute it — that’s a fair few integrations in just one workflow. MCP connections use OAuth to achieve this interconnectivity in the same way as any other SaaS app.",{"data":24361,"content":24362,"nodeType":860},{},[24363],{"data":24364,"marks":24365,"value":24366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We used to talk about automation apps like Zapier as being a goldmine for attackers. Well, AI apps are on their way to being even more interconnected, more frequently used, and more flexible in terms of how attackers can abuse them. ",{"data":24368,"content":24372,"nodeType":996},{"target":24369},{"sys":24370},{"id":24371,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4FiWyVw7mpVBA5uBVJoOKL",[],{"data":24374,"content":24375,"nodeType":1312},{},[24376],{"data":24377,"marks":24378,"value":24380,"nodeType":864},{},[24379],{"type":899},"A note on OAuth configuration complexity",{"data":24382,"content":24383,"nodeType":860},{},[24384],{"data":24385,"marks":24386,"value":24387,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A common misconception is that when a regular user consents to an OAuth app (let's use Google Workspace as the example) the app only gets access to the things they can directly access. Technically that's true — the access is scoped to that user's permissions. But in practice, the blast radius is almost always bigger than people think.",{"data":24389,"content":24390,"nodeType":860},{},[24391],{"data":24392,"marks":24393,"value":24394,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The scope includes shared drives, shared calendars, documents shared with them, and any other collaborative resources. A single well-permissioned user (think: developer with access to secrets, dashboards, and internal tooling) is more than enough to cause serious damage through a single OAuth grant. ",{"data":24396,"content":24397,"nodeType":860},{},[24398],{"data":24399,"marks":24400,"value":24401,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The scopes themselves are often deceptively broad. An app requesting https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive gets full read/write access to everything the user can see in Drive — not just their personal files. And the blast radius is further contingent on the data and user permission hygiene in these broader environments. ",{"data":24403,"content":24404,"nodeType":860},{},[24405],{"data":24406,"marks":24407,"value":24408,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So if your environment hasn't got cleanly separated access and permissions for different users and groups, an attacker compromising a \"normal\" user account can end up with extensive access. You don't need tenant-wide admin access when a normal user's access already spans the crown jewels.",{"data":24410,"content":24414,"nodeType":996},{"target":24411},{"sys":24412},{"id":24413,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2t81AnAHx2On3fBynM4vVe",[],{"data":24416,"content":24417,"nodeType":1312},{},[24418],{"data":24419,"marks":24420,"value":24422,"nodeType":864},{},[24421],{"type":899},"Unsurprisingly, OAuth breaches are stacking up",{"data":24424,"content":24425,"nodeType":860},{},[24426],{"data":24427,"marks":24428,"value":24429,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Widespread OAuth interconnectedness isn’t just an AI app problem. Attackers have been exploiting this for some time:",{"data":24431,"content":24432,"nodeType":941},{},[24433,24480],{"data":24434,"content":24435,"nodeType":945},{},[24436],{"data":24437,"content":24438,"nodeType":860},{},[24439,24443,24450,24454,24463,24467,24476],{"data":24440,"marks":24441,"value":24442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In 2025, ",{"data":24444,"content":24445,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7492},[24446],{"data":24447,"marks":24448,"value":7497,"nodeType":864},{},[24449],{"type":1455},{"data":24451,"marks":24452,"value":24453,"nodeType":864},{},[]," launched OAuth-driven supply chain attacks against Salesforce and Google Workspace tenants after breaching Salesloft (specifically the ",{"data":24455,"content":24457,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24456},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claims-15-billion-salesforce-records-stolen-in-drift-hacks/",[24458],{"data":24459,"marks":24460,"value":24462,"nodeType":864},{},[24461],{"type":1455},"Salesloft Drift",{"data":24464,"marks":24465,"value":24466,"nodeType":864},{},[]," platform) and ",{"data":24468,"content":24470,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24469},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/salesforce-investigates-customer-data-theft-via-gainsight-breach/",[24471],{"data":24472,"marks":24473,"value":24475,"nodeType":864},{},[24474],{"type":1455},"Gainsight",{"data":24477,"marks":24478,"value":24479,"nodeType":864},{},[],". In total, over 1000 organizations were impacted, including Google, Cloudflare, Rubrik, Elastic, Proofpoint, JFrog, Zscaler, Tenable, Palo Alto Networks, CyberArk, BeyondTrust, Qualys, and many more, with over 1.5B records stolen. ",{"data":24481,"content":24482,"nodeType":945},{},[24483],{"data":24484,"content":24485,"nodeType":860},{},[24486,24490,24497,24501,24510],{"data":24487,"marks":24488,"value":24489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"More recently, Snowflake customers were impacted after a ",{"data":24491,"content":24492,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23930},[24493],{"data":24494,"marks":24495,"value":23933,"nodeType":864},{},[24496],{"type":1455},{"data":24498,"marks":24499,"value":24500,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where the attacker attempted to leverage the stolen authentication tokens to access Salesforce data, with ",{"data":24502,"content":24504,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24503},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/stolen-rockstar-games-analytics-data-leaked-by-extortion-gang/",[24505],{"data":24506,"marks":24507,"value":24509,"nodeType":864},{},[24508],{"type":1455},"Rockstar",{"data":24511,"marks":24512,"value":24513,"nodeType":864},{},[]," a high-profile victim of the breach (again linked to Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters). ",{"data":24515,"content":24519,"nodeType":996},{"target":24516},{"sys":24517},{"id":24518,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3oqoL9L3fxetFcIhnfQhMQ",[],{"data":24521,"content":24522,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24524,"content":24525,"nodeType":1009},{},[24526],{"data":24527,"marks":24528,"value":24530,"nodeType":864},{},[24529],{"type":899},"Infostealers continue to drive corporate breaches",{"data":24532,"content":24533,"nodeType":860},{},[24534],{"data":24535,"marks":24536,"value":24537,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While unverified, Hudson Rock’s case for an infostealer breach being the root cause of the Context.ai breach seems believable. Infostealer infections have been one of the leading security threats for some time, fuelling breaches powered by stolen credentials and session tokens.",{"data":24539,"content":24540,"nodeType":860},{},[24541,24545,24550],{"data":24542,"marks":24543,"value":24544,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With the assumed rise in MFA coverage, it’s often surprising to security teams that stolen credentials are still a problem. ",{"data":24546,"marks":24547,"value":24549,"nodeType":864},{},[24548],{"type":899},"But of the last million logins we saw, 1 in 4 were password logins (not SSO), 2 in 5 were not protected by MFA, and 1 in 5 used a weak, breached, or reused password. ",{"data":24551,"marks":24552,"value":24553,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Plenty of scope for abuse. ",{"data":24555,"content":24556,"nodeType":860},{},[24557],{"data":24558,"marks":24559,"value":24560,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen session tokens are even more valuable to attackers, enabling them to bypass authentication controls by replaying the token in their own browser. In theory, they should only be valid for a limited timeframe, but in practice this can be as many as 90 days, and sometimes indefinite. ",{"data":24562,"content":24563,"nodeType":860},{},[24564],{"data":24565,"marks":24566,"value":24567,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, it seems likely that the compromised device was a developer machine (given the access to Supabase), or potentially even a personal device (given they were installing Roblox cheats…). This is relevant because these personal, developer, and BYOD machines are often less secure — developer machines are often exempt from EDR monitoring or significantly tuned-down (too noisy), while personal devices naturally lack enterprise security software.",{"data":24569,"content":24573,"nodeType":996},{"target":24570},{"sys":24571},{"id":24572,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"139oaGgwRKZbwJzyex9LA5",[],{"data":24575,"content":24576,"nodeType":860},{},[24577,24581,24589],{"data":24578,"marks":24579,"value":24580,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve also seen an uptick in developer-oriented phishing and malvertising campaigns. The ",{"data":24582,"content":24583,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7279},[24584],{"data":24585,"marks":24586,"value":24588,"nodeType":864},{},[24587],{"type":1455},"InstallFix campaign",{"data":24590,"marks":24591,"value":24592,"nodeType":864},{},[]," we identified, intercepting users as they attempt to install AI tools like Claude Code and NotebookLM, is an example of this — and also another way that attackers are capitalizing on AI hype. ",{"data":24594,"content":24595,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24597,"content":24598,"nodeType":1009},{},[24599],{"data":24600,"marks":24601,"value":2578,"nodeType":864},{},[24602],{"type":899},{"data":24604,"content":24605,"nodeType":860},{},[24606],{"data":24607,"marks":24608,"value":24609,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are some immediate next steps that we’ll quickly summarize here, as they've already been covered in wider reporting. If you’re a Vercel customer, you should urgently rotate every credential stored as a non-sensitive variable that could have been exposed, enable the sensitive variable feature toggle, and monitor your account for anomalous activity. And if you’re using the specific Context.ai integration, you need to revoke it ASAP and begin a full audit of the connected accounts, both inside Workspace and broader connected apps (this isn’t that easy, as we’ll highlight in a moment). ",{"data":24611,"content":24615,"nodeType":996},{"target":24612},{"sys":24613},{"id":24614,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"76HViirkH2R4QAzWg605sv",[],{"data":24617,"content":24618,"nodeType":860},{},[24619,24623,24631],{"data":24620,"marks":24621,"value":24622,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Taking a step back, organizations really need to get their arms around OAuth integrations in their environment. A default-deny approach to allowing users to consent to new integrations, and routinely auditing the ones already in your environment to ensure they’re still definitely required, is essential. Each integration expands your attack surface and could potentially grant an attacker extensive access to your environment. This default-deny approach isn't exactly a new concept for security teams and is the same in principle as what we recently advised for ",{"data":24624,"content":24625,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16350},[24626],{"data":24627,"marks":24628,"value":24630,"nodeType":864},{},[24629],{"type":1455},"browser extension management",{"data":24632,"marks":24633,"value":16076,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24635,"content":24636,"nodeType":860},{},[24637],{"data":24638,"marks":24639,"value":24640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is fairly straightforward in your main enterprise cloud environment (think M365 or Google Workspace). But doing it across every SaaS app that allows some level of OAuth integration with another (i.e. every SaaS app) is somewhat harder. Not only do you need to have a comprehensive and up-to-date inventory, you need to be an app admin for every app (not always the case for self-adopted apps) and the particular app needs to give you the control to restrict and remove OAuth grants on behalf of users in your tenant. ",{"data":24642,"content":24643,"nodeType":860},{},[24644],{"data":24645,"marks":24646,"value":24647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Again, this is not exclusively a Shadow AI problem, even if AI adoption is contributing significantly to the sprawl. ",{"data":24649,"content":24653,"nodeType":996},{"target":24650},{"sys":24651},{"id":24652,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"XKKHUiz56G82uwYhbv2Qv",[],{"data":24655,"content":24656,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24658,"content":24659,"nodeType":1009},{},[24660],{"data":24661,"marks":24662,"value":12066,"nodeType":864},{},[24663],{"type":899},{"data":24665,"content":24666,"nodeType":860},{},[24667],{"data":24668,"marks":24669,"value":24670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we’ve established, there are quite a few pieces to this puzzle. Push can help with all of them. ",{"data":24672,"content":24673,"nodeType":860},{},[24674],{"data":24675,"marks":24676,"value":24677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push observes every app login your employees make in their browser, building a comprehensive picture of SaaS and AI use across your organization. This includes how they’re logging in and how secure the login is: did it have MFA, what kind of MFA, was it using a weak or compromised password, did they use SSO, and so on. ",{"data":24679,"content":24683,"nodeType":996},{"target":24680},{"sys":24681},{"id":24682,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2B205bUaLm6vG8mIQ0rJvA",[],{"data":24685,"content":24686,"nodeType":860},{},[24687],{"data":24688,"marks":24689,"value":24690,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push also tracks OAuth integrations in your environment and gives you the ability to manage and remove them in core environments like M365 and Google Workspace, providing a single platform for you to view, manage, and secure app use across your organization. ",{"data":24692,"content":24696,"nodeType":996},{"target":24693},{"sys":24694},{"id":24695,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"eEbdBUfyzZsdIOjFOXHpM",[],{"data":24698,"content":24702,"nodeType":996},{"target":24699},{"sys":24700},{"id":24701,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1MTFxfROuGKxnkHQwWHe8K",[],{"data":24704,"content":24705,"nodeType":860},{},[24706,24710,24715,24719,24724],{"data":24707,"marks":24708,"value":24709,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This makes it easy to surface both vulnerabilities and possible control gaps, and do something about them. But where Push really excels is in the ability to observe and block OAuth connection requests ",{"data":24711,"marks":24712,"value":24714,"nodeType":864},{},[24713],{"type":899},"even outside of your primary enterprise apps.",{"data":24716,"marks":24717,"value":24718,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Using Push, you can detect and block OAuth integration requests as they traverse the browser. This ",{"data":24720,"marks":24721,"value":24723,"nodeType":864},{},[24722],{"type":899},"app-agnostic",{"data":24725,"marks":24726,"value":24727,"nodeType":864},{},[]," level of control is absolutely critical to halting OAuth integration sprawl. ",{"data":24729,"content":24733,"nodeType":996},{"target":24730},{"sys":24731},{"id":24732,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2VZ4uw6MXslXME2ueydGuT",[],{"data":24735,"content":24736,"nodeType":1312},{},[24737,24741],{"data":24738,"marks":24739,"value":24740,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And t",{"data":24742,"marks":24743,"value":24745,"nodeType":864},{},[24744],{"type":899},"hat’s not all …",{"data":24747,"content":24748,"nodeType":860},{},[24749],{"data":24750,"marks":24751,"value":24752,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform also detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, device code phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking in real time. This includes the most prominent infostealer delivery vectors in terms of malvertising and *Fix-style attacks. Push analyzes every web page in every browser session and tab for threats, in real time, with no latency. ",{"data":24754,"content":24755,"nodeType":860},{},[24756],{"data":24757,"marks":24758,"value":24759,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But as we've established, you don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":24761,"content":24762,"nodeType":860},{},[24763,24767,24775,24778,24787,24791,24798],{"data":24764,"marks":24765,"value":24766,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To learn more about Push, ",{"data":24768,"content":24770,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24769},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/product-brochure",[24771],{"data":24772,"marks":24773,"value":24774,"nodeType":864},{},[],"check out our latest product 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reach Snowflake customers, ConsentFix abusing Azure CLI's OAuth flow to bypass MFA entirely.",[],{},"DBIR 2026 IB1",{"sys":27161,"__typename":1724,"title":6503,"caption":6917,"layoutMode":59,"file":27162},{"id":6245},{"url":6919,"width":6920,"height":6921},{"sys":27164,"__typename":1740,"content":27165,"name":27176,"title":59},{"id":21641},{"json":27166},{"data":27167,"content":27168,"nodeType":856},{},[27169],{"data":27170,"content":27171,"nodeType":860},{},[27172],{"data":27173,"marks":27174,"value":27175,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The data is a little confusing. The DBIR draws a line between Phishing (asynchronous — send a message and hope for a click) and Pretexting (synchronous — someone interacting with you in real time). Voice phishing over a phone call is Pretexting in VERIS, not Phishing, even though most practitioners would call it phishing. Browser-based credential harvesting delivered via SEO poisoning or malicious downloads falls under \"Baiting.\" So the 16% phishing figure probably understates the full scope of credential-harvesting social engineering as most defenders would define it.","DBIR IB2",{"sys":27178,"__typename":1724,"title":27179,"caption":27179,"layoutMode":59,"file":27180},{"id":21665},"DBIR Figure 54 (p.49) — Median percentage of email attack types by month",{"url":27181,"width":1736,"height":27134},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4eWtJSz2QhM6QgXXjNuBNs/e6a33a088b7b0fb0dd1649c5d9164b53/image1.png",{"sys":27183,"__typename":1724,"title":27184,"caption":27184,"layoutMode":59,"file":27185},{"id":21728},"DBIR Figure 48 (p.45) — Credential leakage events prior to ransomware",{"url":27186,"width":27187,"height":27188},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/26NpMQ31lpHgp5x8FrDumz/f022f1ede66b171dd756d28009a7d4a5/image2.png",1772,776,{"sys":27190,"__typename":1724,"title":27191,"caption":27191,"layoutMode":59,"file":27192},{"id":21874},"DBIR Figure 65 (p.60) — Select data types in DLP events targeting generative AI tools",{"url":27193,"width":1736,"height":27134},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/584Txvap6FW9GlFlin9GwB/f5f5488251d9faee7fedc3030d2390b1/image5.png",{"items":27195},[],{},"What the Verizon DBIR tells us about breaches in 2026",{"items":27199},[27200,27790,28767],{"__typename":2059,"sys":27201,"content":27203,"title":27776,"synopsis":27777,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":27778,"slug":27779,"tagsCollection":27780,"authorsCollection":27786},{"id":27202},"217s8zu5idSdX25TUgbPQ1",{"json":27204},{"data":27205,"content":27206,"nodeType":856},{},[27207,27225,27232,27239,27245,27248,27256,27272,27279,27285,27292,27375,27382,27387,27394,27400,27403,27411,27423,27430,27442,27445,27453,27469,27476,27483,27486,27494,27501,27517,27523,27539,27546,27553,27560,27576,27583,27586,27594,27601,27617,27624,27627,27635,27651,27658,27677,27689,27692,27700,27716,27723,27730,27737,27744,27747,27754,27760],{"data":27208,"content":27209,"nodeType":860},{},[27210,27213,27221],{"data":27211,"marks":27212,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27214,"content":27216,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27215},"https://research.esg-global.com/reportaction/515202191/Marketing",[27217],{"data":27218,"marks":27219,"value":27220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Omdia Browser Management and Security report",{"data":27222,"marks":27223,"value":27224,"nodeType":864},{},[],", based on a survey of 400 IT and security professionals across North America fielded in late 2025, is the most comprehensive industry data to date on how organizations are experiencing, prioritizing, and investing in the secure enterprise browser (SEB) market. ",{"data":27226,"content":27227,"nodeType":860},{},[27228],{"data":27229,"marks":27230,"value":27231,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For us at Push, it externally validates what we've known to be true for some time — the browser is where work happens, where attacks land, and where defenders need to be if they want to detect and stop threats before damage is done.",{"data":27233,"content":27234,"nodeType":860},{},[27235],{"data":27236,"marks":27237,"value":27238,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We pulled out seven findings that matter most for security teams evaluating their approach.",{"data":27240,"content":27244,"nodeType":996},{"target":27241},{"sys":27242},{"id":27243,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4aM879egIFYmDvOhzyNI9A",[],{"data":27246,"content":27247,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27249,"content":27250,"nodeType":1009},{},[27251],{"data":27252,"marks":27253,"value":27255,"nodeType":864},{},[27254],{"type":899},"1. 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Malicious and vulnerable extensions are supply chain risks that operate inside the browser's own execution environment. Data loss happens through the browser when employees upload files, paste data into AI tools, or share information with unsanctioned applications. ",{"data":27383,"content":27386,"nodeType":996},{"target":27384},{"sys":27385},{"id":7150,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":27388,"content":27389,"nodeType":860},{},[27390],{"data":27391,"marks":27392,"value":27393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"None of these are attacks where network-layer traffic inspection, endpoint monitoring, or email scanning provides complete coverage, because the attack surface is the browser session itself.",{"data":27395,"content":27399,"nodeType":996},{"target":27396},{"sys":27397},{"id":27398,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5kI5h4Z31ByD73er7voayF",[],{"data":27401,"content":27402,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27404,"content":27405,"nodeType":1009},{},[27406],{"data":27407,"marks":27408,"value":27410,"nodeType":864},{},[27409],{"type":899},"2. Browser security is now a board-level priority",{"data":27412,"content":27413,"nodeType":860},{},[27414,27419],{"data":27415,"marks":27416,"value":27418,"nodeType":864},{},[27417],{"type":899},"88% of respondents rank browser security as at least a top-five security priority",{"data":27420,"marks":27421,"value":27422,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with more than a quarter (26%) calling it their single top priority. For context, this is a survey that covers the full spectrum of security concerns — cloud, supply chain, AI, insider risk — and browser security has risen above most of them.",{"data":27424,"content":27425,"nodeType":860},{},[27426],{"data":27427,"marks":27428,"value":27429,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is not aspirational interest. The correlation between priority level and investment is sharp: among those who rank browser security as their top priority, 72% have significantly increased their investment due to emerging threats. Among those who rank it in their top five, that figure is 26%. The organizations that care most are spending the most.",{"data":27431,"content":27432,"nodeType":860},{},[27433,27438],{"data":27434,"marks":27435,"value":27437,"nodeType":864},{},[27436],{"type":899},"86% of respondents have increased their browser security investment in response to emerging threats",{"data":27439,"marks":27440,"value":27441,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with 36% saying the increase was significant. When you ask what's driving that spend, the answer is the threat landscape: the attacks cataloged in the previous section are the reason budgets are moving.",{"data":27443,"content":27444,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27446,"content":27447,"nodeType":1009},{},[27448],{"data":27449,"marks":27450,"value":27452,"nodeType":864},{},[27451],{"type":899},"3. Real budget is being allocated — and it's growing",{"data":27454,"content":27455,"nodeType":860},{},[27456,27460,27465],{"data":27457,"marks":27458,"value":27459,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Secure enterprise browser solutions already take up ",{"data":27461,"marks":27462,"value":27464,"nodeType":864},{},[27463],{"type":899},"12.6% of the average security budget",{"data":27466,"marks":27467,"value":27468,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a substantial allocation for a category that didn't exist as a standalone line item a few years ago. And 85% of respondents expect to increase that spend over the next 12–24 months, with a quarter expecting significant increases.",{"data":27470,"content":27471,"nodeType":860},{},[27472],{"data":27473,"marks":27474,"value":27475,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where the money comes from tells its own story. The most common funding model is a discrete line item within security program budgets (31%) or a dedicated secure browsing budget (30%). When organizations pull from an existing program budget, web security (26%) and endpoint security (21%) are the most common sources — while SASE/SSE accounts for just 9%, despite SASE vendors being the second most popular vendor category. That disconnect between vendor preference and budget origin suggests the SASE-bundled buying motion may be more aspirational than operational.",{"data":27477,"content":27478,"nodeType":860},{},[27479],{"data":27480,"marks":27481,"value":27482,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IT operations leadership is the top stakeholder in 82% of evaluations, with CISO and security leadership at 64% and CIOs at 42%. Day-to-day management sits primarily with IT Ops (77%) and SecOps (50%). This dual stakeholder picture — IT operations driving evaluation, security leadership providing strategic direction — shapes the competitive landscape in ways we'll come back to.",{"data":27484,"content":27485,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27487,"content":27488,"nodeType":1009},{},[27489],{"data":27490,"marks":27491,"value":27493,"nodeType":864},{},[27492],{"type":899},"4. AI is accelerating both the threat and the use case",{"data":27495,"content":27496,"nodeType":860},{},[27497],{"data":27498,"marks":27499,"value":27500,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI shows up in this report from two directions, mirroring how it is reshaping the security landscape itself.",{"data":27502,"content":27503,"nodeType":860},{},[27504,27508,27513],{"data":27505,"marks":27506,"value":27507,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the threat side, ",{"data":27509,"marks":27510,"value":27512,"nodeType":864},{},[27511],{"type":899},"AI-powered targeted phishing and social engineering is the top emerging concern",{"data":27514,"marks":27515,"value":27516,"nodeType":864},{},[],", cited by 75% of respondents as either very concerning or concerning. Data leakage via unsanctioned AI applications comes second at 71%, followed by deepfake/AI-generated malicious content at 69% and credential harvesting via fake AI or SaaS login pages at 66%. Every one of these threat categories involves the browser — AI-enhanced phishing lands in the browser, AI data leakage happens through browser-based AI tools, and fake AI login pages are browser-based credential harvesting.",{"data":27518,"content":27522,"nodeType":996},{"target":27519},{"sys":27520},{"id":27521,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2ajv2i5wn2GzKuyynQGlvq",[],{"data":27524,"content":27525,"nodeType":860},{},[27526,27530,27535],{"data":27527,"marks":27528,"value":27529,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the adoption side, the picture is almost universal — and almost universally under-governed. ",{"data":27531,"marks":27532,"value":27534,"nodeType":864},{},[27533],{"type":899},"92% of organizations now allow employees to use public GenAI applications",{"data":27536,"marks":27537,"value":27538,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and virtually every organization has some kind of policy position: 37% have sanctioned one public app (with everything else unsanctioned), 39% have sanctioned multiple public apps (with others unsanctioned), and 23% restrict employees to a corporate instance while the public versions are unsanctioned. ",{"data":27540,"content":27541,"nodeType":860},{},[27542],{"data":27543,"marks":27544,"value":27545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even the 8% who don't allow GenAI at all have taken a policy position. Essentially 100% of organizations have a GenAI policy — but for the vast majority, that policy designates a large portion of public AI tool usage as unsanctioned, which raises the immediate question of whether they have the tooling to actually enforce it.",{"data":27547,"content":27548,"nodeType":860},{},[27549],{"data":27550,"marks":27551,"value":27552,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The answer, based on the current tooling landscape, appears to be: not quite. When Omdia asked how organizations currently secure GenAI usage, 58% rely on secure web gateways — tools that see traffic metadata but cannot observe what a user actually does inside a GenAI session — while 57% use secure browsing solutions and 57% use SaaS security solutions. ",{"data":27554,"content":27555,"nodeType":860},{},[27556],{"data":27557,"marks":27558,"value":27559,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An SWG can tell you that a user visited ChatGPT, but it cannot tell you whether they pasted your company's source code into the prompt. That distinction — between knowing where data went and knowing what the user actually did — is the fundamental gap that browser-layer visibility exists to close, and it is exactly the gap that makes GenAI policies unenforceable without browser-layer tooling.",{"data":27561,"content":27562,"nodeType":860},{},[27563,27567,27572],{"data":27564,"marks":27565,"value":27566,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The use case data reflects this. When Omdia asked about the most important use cases for a secure browsing solution, ",{"data":27568,"marks":27569,"value":27571,"nodeType":864},{},[27570],{"type":899},"generative AI application security came in first at 59%",{"data":27573,"marks":27574,"value":27575,"nodeType":864},{},[],", followed by data loss prevention at 51% and general web security enhancement at 42%. The feature priorities tell a consistent story: AI-powered threat detection and response (52%) and advanced GenAI usage controls and monitoring (41%) were the top two capabilities organizations said would be most important in a purchase decision. ",{"data":27577,"content":27578,"nodeType":860},{},[27579],{"data":27580,"marks":27581,"value":27582,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI is both the top threat concern and the top use case for browser security — and it is a browser problem at both ends, because every LLM interaction, every prompt containing sensitive data, and every AI agent authorization happens inside a browser session.",{"data":27584,"content":27585,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27587,"content":27588,"nodeType":1009},{},[27589],{"data":27590,"marks":27591,"value":27593,"nodeType":864},{},[27592],{"type":899},"5. Organizations that have deployed secure enterprise browser solutions are seeing real results",{"data":27595,"content":27596,"nodeType":860},{},[27597],{"data":27598,"marks":27599,"value":27600,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the most useful sections in Omdia's report is the benefits data — what organizations that have deployed SEB solutions are actually getting out of them.",{"data":27602,"content":27603,"nodeType":860},{},[27604,27608,27613],{"data":27605,"marks":27606,"value":27607,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The top realized benefit is ",{"data":27609,"marks":27610,"value":27612,"nodeType":864},{},[27611],{"type":899},"improved data security, cited by 58% of respondents",{"data":27614,"marks":27615,"value":27616,"nodeType":864},{},[],", followed by fewer security incidents (49%), better visibility and auditing (47%), improved user experience (44%), and simplified configuration and policy management (41%). The picture that emerges is not just a security story but an operational one: organizations are seeing fewer incidents, better visibility, and simpler management alongside the security outcomes.",{"data":27618,"content":27619,"nodeType":860},{},[27620],{"data":27621,"marks":27622,"value":27623,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The 49% who cite fewer security incidents as a realized benefit is the number that matters most here, because it directly connects SEB deployment to measurable risk reduction. Organizations aren't just buying tools and hoping — they're deploying them and seeing fewer successful attacks as a result.",{"data":27625,"content":27626,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27628,"content":27629,"nodeType":1009},{},[27630],{"data":27631,"marks":27632,"value":27634,"nodeType":864},{},[27633],{"type":899},"6. The market wants protection in existing browsers, not migration",{"data":27636,"content":27637,"nodeType":860},{},[27638,27642,27647],{"data":27639,"marks":27640,"value":27641,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When Omdia asked what attributes matter most in a secure enterprise browser solution, ",{"data":27643,"marks":27644,"value":27646,"nodeType":864},{},[27645],{"type":899},"\"ability to use existing browsers\" ranked as the fourth most important attribute at 48%",{"data":27648,"marks":27649,"value":27650,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — behind only integration with other security tools (57%), controls over generative AI application usage (53%), and centralized policy enforcement (52%). ",{"data":27652,"content":27653,"nodeType":860},{},[27654],{"data":27655,"marks":27656,"value":27657,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That 48% figure, combined with 80% of respondents saying they expect to use an SEB solution as an integrated or alongside component rather than a replacement for existing tools, points to a clear market preference: organizations want browser security that works with their existing browser estate, not a migration to a new one.",{"data":27659,"content":27660,"nodeType":860},{},[27661,27665,27673],{"data":27662,"marks":27663,"value":27664,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is consistent with what we hear from security leaders directly. As ",{"data":27666,"content":27667,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16203},[27668],{"data":27669,"marks":27670,"value":27672,"nodeType":864},{},[27671],{"type":1455},"Josh Lemos put it: ",{"data":27674,"marks":27675,"value":27676,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\"We looked at the full-stack enterprise browser approach, but converging on a single platform was tough. Push gave me the security instrumentation and context I needed without onerous headwinds.\" The deployment model matters because it determines adoption velocity — and a tool that requires browser migration introduces friction that delays time to value.",{"data":27678,"content":27679,"nodeType":860},{},[27680,27684],{"data":27681,"marks":27682,"value":27683,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push was built around this insight from day one. As the secure enterprise browser extension for security teams, Push turns any browser — managed or unmanaged, including agentic browsers — into a telemetry source and control point the moment it's installed. It has been rolled out to 100,000 users in under an hour during normal office hours with zero downtime. ",{"data":27685,"marks":27686,"value":27688,"nodeType":864},{},[27687],{"type":899},"That is a deployment model that matches what Omdia's respondents are asking for.",{"data":27690,"content":27691,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27693,"content":27694,"nodeType":1009},{},[27695],{"data":27696,"marks":27697,"value":27699,"nodeType":864},{},[27698],{"type":899},"7. Dedicated vendors lead over platform plays",{"data":27701,"content":27702,"nodeType":860},{},[27703,27707,27712],{"data":27704,"marks":27705,"value":27706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When Omdia asked which category of vendor organizations primarily use or expect to use for secure enterprise browsing, ",{"data":27708,"marks":27709,"value":27711,"nodeType":864},{},[27710],{"type":899},"36% chose a dedicated SEB vendor",{"data":27713,"marks":27714,"value":27715,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — the largest single category. SASE/network security vendors came second at 29%, followed by traditional VDI/desktop virtualization vendors at 19% and endpoint platform vendors at 15%.",{"data":27717,"content":27718,"nodeType":860},{},[27719],{"data":27720,"marks":27721,"value":27722,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The dedicated category leads, and the reason isn't just first-mover advantage — it's architectural. The alternative paths each come with structural constraints. SASE and SSE platforms are network-centric: they see traffic metadata and enforce URL categorization, but they can't observe the rendered page inside a browser tab — the DOM structure, the script behavior, the credential entry that distinguishes a legitimate login from an AiTM reverse-proxy kit. ",{"data":27724,"content":27725,"nodeType":860},{},[27726],{"data":27727,"marks":27728,"value":27729,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Endpoint platforms that bolt on browser visibility are still anchored to the OS layer, solving for browser exploit prevention rather than in-session behavioral detection of the attacks that actually dominate — phishing, credential theft, session hijacking, extension compromise. And when large platform vendors acquire browser security capabilities, the integration work takes years rather than months, during which detection depth sits in a transitional state. ",{"data":27731,"content":27732,"nodeType":860},{},[27733],{"data":27734,"marks":27735,"value":27736,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Dedicated browser-native vendors start from a different premise entirely: the browser isn't a supplementary signal feeding into someone else's SASE pipeline or XDR correlation engine — it is the telemetry source and the control point. The browser is the only place where you get simultaneous visibility into both the attacker's technique and the employee's action within the same session, because the phishing page, the credential submission, the token exchange, and the data exfiltration all happen inside the same tab. No network appliance, endpoint agent, or identity provider log can see all of that, because none of them are present where the interaction occurs.",{"data":27738,"content":27739,"nodeType":860},{},[27740],{"data":27741,"marks":27742,"value":27743,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For security teams evaluating SEB solutions, the architecture matters more than the vendor category label. The capabilities Omdia's respondents ranked highest — integration with existing tools, GenAI controls, centralized policy enforcement, and the ability to use existing browsers — all point toward solutions that deliver detection depth through a lightweight deployment model, without browser migration and without the integration debt of a platform acquisition.",{"data":27745,"content":27746,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27748,"content":27749,"nodeType":860},{},[27750],{"data":27751,"marks":27752,"value":27753,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. ",{"data":27755,"content":27756,"nodeType":860},{},[27757],{"data":27758,"marks":27759,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27761,"content":27762,"nodeType":860},{},[27763,27766,27773],{"data":27764,"marks":27765,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27767,"content":27768,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[27769],{"data":27770,"marks":27771,"value":9417,"nodeType":864},{},[27772],{"type":1455},{"data":27774,"marks":27775,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"7 things Omdia's latest report tells us about the secure enterprise browser market","Unpacking the latest research report from Omdia and what it means for the secure enterprise browser market.","2026-05-13T00:00:00.000Z","7-things-omdias-latest-report-tells-us-about-the-secure-enterprise-browser-market",{"items":27781},[27782,27784],{"sys":27783,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":27785,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"items":27787},[27788],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":27789},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":27791,"content":27793,"title":28754,"synopsis":28755,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":7841,"slug":28756,"tagsCollection":28757,"authorsCollection":28763},{"id":27792},"3jF1fypt08TNlSoWuoMWhj",{"json":27794},{"data":27795,"content":27796,"nodeType":856},{},[27797,27823,27854,27896,27939,27945,27957,27960,27968,28019,28026,28049,28055,28058,28066,28094,28101,28109,28115,28118,28126,28133,28151,28158,28199,28206,28209,28217,28236,28291,28294,28302,28320,28338,28345,28352,28364,28376,28388,28400,28417,28425,28432,28435,28441,28447,28462,28465,28473,28491,28748],{"data":27798,"content":27799,"nodeType":860},{},[27800,27804,27810,27814,27819],{"data":27801,"marks":27802,"value":27803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters and the broader SLH (",{"data":27805,"content":27806,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7492},[27807],{"data":27808,"marks":27809,"value":7497,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27811,"marks":27812,"value":27813,"nodeType":864},{},[],") collective have claimed breaches at thousands of organizations over the past twelve months across retail, technology, aviation, financial services, media, gaming, and education, in what amounts to the most sustained data theft and extortion operation in recent cybercrime history. SLH's genealogy traces through a merger of Scattered Spider, Lapsus$, and ShinyHunters, all parts of ",{"data":27815,"marks":27816,"value":27818,"nodeType":864},{},[27817],{"type":899},"the Com",{"data":27820,"marks":27821,"value":27822,"nodeType":864},{},[],", a broader community of English-speaking cybercriminals with international links. ",{"data":27824,"content":27825,"nodeType":860},{},[27826,27830,27838,27842,27850],{"data":27827,"marks":27828,"value":27829,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The confirmed victim list reads like a Fortune 500 directory: Coca-Cola, Cisco, Qantas, Coinbase, ADT, Aflac, SoundCloud, Rockstar Games, Charter Communications, and recently ",{"data":27831,"content":27833,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27832},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/instructure-confirms-data-breach-shinyhunters-claims-attack/",[27834],{"data":27835,"marks":27836,"value":27837,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instructure",{"data":27839,"marks":27840,"value":27841,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — whose breach ",{"data":27843,"content":27845,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27844},"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2026/05/canvas-breach-disrupts-schools-colleges-nationwide/",[27846],{"data":27847,"marks":27848,"value":27849,"nodeType":864},{},[],"disrupted schools and universities nationwide",{"data":27851,"marks":27852,"value":27853,"nodeType":864},{},[]," during final exams — among dozens more named publicly and likely many more that haven't been (breaches settled quickly behind closed doors don't always make it into the public eye). ShinyHunters alone claimed over 1.5 billion stolen Salesforce records from a single campaign targeting more than 1,000 organizations.",{"data":27855,"content":27856,"nodeType":860},{},[27857,27861,27869,27873,27881,27885,27892],{"data":27858,"marks":27859,"value":27860,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Additional operating clusters, including Cordial Spider and Snarky Spider (which CrowdStrike ",{"data":27862,"content":27864,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27863},"https://cyberscoop.com/crowdstrike-cordial-spider-snarky-spider-extortion-attacks/",[27865],{"data":27866,"marks":27867,"value":27868,"nodeType":864},{},[],"characterizes as the new generation of Scattered Spider",{"data":27870,"marks":27871,"value":27872,"nodeType":864},{},[],") run parallel campaigns against different target sectors, unified not by shared infrastructure but by a shared playbook of techniques that exploit the structural weakness in modern SaaS-first organizations. ",{"data":27874,"content":27876,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27875},"https://github.com/PaloAltoNetworks/Unit42-timely-threat-intel/blob/main/2026-03-12-Vishing-Campaigns-Lead-to-Data-Theft-and-Extortion.txt",[27877],{"data":27878,"marks":27879,"value":27880,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unit 42 documented",{"data":27882,"marks":27883,"value":27884,"nodeType":864},{},[]," these groups moving from initial compromise to complete data exfiltration in under an hour — faster than most organizations can even begin to respond. Newer groups with links to the SLH ecosystem like CoinbaseCartel have also continued the tradition of weaponizing stolen credentials from the infostealer economy at scale, as ShinyHunters did in the ",{"data":27886,"content":27887,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24456},[27888],{"data":27889,"marks":27890,"value":27891,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2024 Snowflake breach",{"data":27893,"marks":27894,"value":27895,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that compromised over 165 customer environments (and claimed another billion-plus records).",{"data":27897,"content":27898,"nodeType":860},{},[27899,27903,27911,27915,27923,27927,27935],{"data":27900,"marks":27901,"value":27902,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not every SLH breach is browser-based — the Instructure breach (275 million individuals, ~330 school login portals defaced) began with a Salesforce tenant compromise in September 2025, but resurfaced in May 2026 after attackers exploited a ",{"data":27904,"content":27906,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27905},"https://www.bitdefender.com/en-gb/blog/businessinsights/technical-advisory-shinyhunters-breach-instructure-canvas-lms",[27907],{"data":27908,"marks":27909,"value":27910,"nodeType":864},{},[],"vulnerability affecting Canvas's Free-For-Teacher program",{"data":27912,"marks":27913,"value":27914,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (it's now been confirmed that Instructure \"",{"data":27916,"content":27918,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27917},"https://www.instructure.com/incident_update",[27919],{"data":27920,"marks":27921,"value":27922,"nodeType":864},{},[],"reached a settlement",{"data":27924,"marks":27925,"value":27926,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\" for the deletion of the data, and shut down the free account tier), while the Coinbase breach cost ",{"data":27928,"content":27930,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27929},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/coinbase-discloses-breach-faces-up-to-400-million-in-losses/",[27931],{"data":27932,"marks":27933,"value":27934,"nodeType":864},{},[],"$180M–400M through insider bribery",{"data":27936,"marks":27937,"value":27938,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — but these are the exceptions that prove the rule. ",{"data":27940,"content":27944,"nodeType":996},{"target":27941},{"sys":27942},{"id":27943,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4qNrbDyMJIumQfdbh9YVkU",[],{"data":27946,"content":27947,"nodeType":860},{},[27948,27953],{"data":27949,"marks":27950,"value":27952,"nodeType":864},{},[27951],{"type":899},"The vast majority of SLH campaigns over the past year converge on three browser-based attack vectors: vishing combined with AiTM phishing, device code phishing exploiting account authorization flows, and OAuth supply chain attacks through compromised third-party integrators.",{"data":27954,"marks":27955,"value":27956,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Each is well-documented, each has produced confirmed victims at scale, and each is detectable or preventable through browser-layer security controls.",{"data":27958,"content":27959,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27961,"content":27962,"nodeType":1009},{},[27963],{"data":27964,"marks":27965,"value":27967,"nodeType":864},{},[27966],{"type":899},"Vector 1: Vishing combined with AiTM phishing",{"data":27969,"content":27970,"nodeType":860},{},[27971,27975,27983,27986,27994,27998,28005,28009,28016],{"data":27972,"marks":27973,"value":27974,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most visible campaign right now pairs targeted voice calls with adversary-in-the-middle phishing pages — an approach that ",{"data":27976,"content":27978,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27977},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/expansion-shinyhunters-saas-data-theft",[27979],{"data":27980,"marks":27981,"value":27982,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant",{"data":27984,"marks":27985,"value":16262,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27987,"content":27989,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27988},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/defending-against-cordial-spider-and-snarky-spider-with-falcon-shield/",[27990],{"data":27991,"marks":27992,"value":27993,"nodeType":864},{},[]," CrowdStrike",{"data":27995,"marks":27996,"value":27997,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and",{"data":27999,"content":28000,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27875},[28001],{"data":28002,"marks":28003,"value":28004,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Unit 42",{"data":28006,"marks":28007,"value":28008,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have all documented from the incident response side, and which Push has ",{"data":28010,"content":28011,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17404},[28012],{"data":28013,"marks":28014,"value":28015,"nodeType":864},{},[],"documented from inside the attacker's own operator panels",{"data":28017,"marks":28018,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28020,"content":28021,"nodeType":860},{},[28022],{"data":28023,"marks":28024,"value":28025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An attacker impersonating IT support calls the target employee, establishes urgency — often citing a \"mandatory passkey rollout\" or a \"security compliance update\" — and directs them to a victim-branded AiTM phishing page (typically at a domain like \u003Ccompany>sso.com or \u003Ccompany>internal.com). The attack is processed by a live human in real time, relaying credentials and MFA codes to the legitimate identity provider as they are entered, capturing the resulting session token, and granting the attacker an authenticated session. ",{"data":28027,"content":28028,"nodeType":860},{},[28029,28033,28040,28044],{"data":28030,"marks":28031,"value":28032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the reasons that this method is becoming so widespread is the commoditization of effective tools. Push's ",{"data":28034,"content":28035,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17404},[28036],{"data":28037,"marks":28038,"value":28039,"nodeType":864},{},[],"infiltration of the criminal phishing panels",{"data":28041,"marks":28042,"value":28043,"nodeType":864},{},[]," identified over 400 linked domains across four distinct infrastructure clusters. ",{"data":28045,"marks":28046,"value":28048,"nodeType":864},{},[28047],{"type":899},"This mirrors the pattern that turned AiTM phishing from a specialist capability into an industrialized market with competing PhaaS platforms, but with the added complication that voice phishing as the delivery vector makes the attack invisible to traditional anti-phishing controls at the email layer.",{"data":28050,"content":28054,"nodeType":996},{"target":28051},{"sys":28052},{"id":28053,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1Yhthl0PILGW7EmCcZUrNv",[],{"data":28056,"content":28057,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":28059,"content":28060,"nodeType":1009},{},[28061],{"data":28062,"marks":28063,"value":28065,"nodeType":864},{},[28064],{"type":899},"Vector 2: Vishing combined with device code phishing",{"data":28067,"content":28068,"nodeType":860},{},[28069,28072,28079,28083,28090],{"data":28070,"marks":28071,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28073,"content":28074,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7514},[28075],{"data":28076,"marks":28077,"value":28078,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters Salesforce campaign",{"data":28080,"marks":28081,"value":28082,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that ran through 2025 and into 2026 used device code phishing as one of its core methods, ",{"data":28084,"content":28085,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24456},[28086],{"data":28087,"marks":28088,"value":28089,"nodeType":864},{},[],"compromising over 1,000 organizations and claiming 1.5 billion stolen records",{"data":28091,"marks":28092,"value":28093,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — including an attempted extortion of Salesforce itself. The attack involved registering an attacker-controlled \"DataLoader\" application mimicking a legitimate Salesforce tool, configuring it to request broad OAuth scopes including full API access and refresh token generation, and guiding victims through the device authorization flow via vishing calls.",{"data":28095,"content":28096,"nodeType":860},{},[28097],{"data":28098,"marks":28099,"value":28100,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Device code phishing exploits the OAuth 2.0 device authorization grant — a flow designed for devices without browsers, like smart TVs, but used in a wide range of scenarios including CLI logins — by tricking users into entering a code on Microsoft's (or another identity provider's) legitimate verification page. Since the victim is usually signed into the app in their browser, there’s no login at all. They simply navigate to the app’s device code login page and enter an attacker-provided code to grant the attacker an access token. ",{"data":28102,"content":28103,"nodeType":860},{},[28104],{"data":28105,"marks":28106,"value":28108,"nodeType":864},{},[28107],{"type":899},"This is what makes device code phishing structurally different from AiTM: it defeats all MFA (including passkeys) because the attack doesn’t target the login, but the authorization layer instead.",{"data":28110,"content":28114,"nodeType":996},{"target":28111},{"sys":28112},{"id":28113,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ElQz8sLATnR8RY5nVlBGM",[],{"data":28116,"content":28117,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":28119,"content":28120,"nodeType":1009},{},[28121],{"data":28122,"marks":28123,"value":28125,"nodeType":864},{},[28124],{"type":899},"Vector 3: OAuth supply chain attacks through compromised integrators",{"data":28127,"content":28128,"nodeType":860},{},[28129],{"data":28130,"marks":28131,"value":28132,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The third vector does not require the attacker to phish the victim organization's employees at all. Instead, it exploits the OAuth trust relationships that organizations create when they connect third-party SaaS vendors into their environments — and the consequence is that every organization that authorized one of these integrations effectively extended its security boundary to include the vendor's own security posture.",{"data":28134,"content":28135,"nodeType":860},{},[28136,28139,28147],{"data":28137,"marks":28138,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28140,"content":28142,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28141},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/data-theft-salesforce-instances-via-salesloft-drift",[28143],{"data":28144,"marks":28145,"value":28146,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Salesloft/Drift supply chain attack",{"data":28148,"marks":28149,"value":28150,"nodeType":864},{},[]," demonstrated this at scale in 2025: in an extension of the previously mentioned device code phishing campaign, the attacker compromised Salesloft's GitHub environment, used TruffleHog to find secrets, stole Drift OAuth tokens, and used them to access downstream Salesforce environments. The same pattern was later repeated at Gainsight. ",{"data":28152,"content":28153,"nodeType":860},{},[28154],{"data":28155,"marks":28156,"value":28157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Along with the previously mentioned device code phishing attacks,  more than 1000 organizations were breached. The attackers then harvested AWS keys, Snowflake credentials, and stored passwords from breached Salesforce instances, compounding the access into progressively wider reach.",{"data":28159,"content":28160,"nodeType":860},{},[28161,28165,28173,28177,28185,28189,28195],{"data":28162,"marks":28163,"value":28164,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same structural pattern has continued into 2026 with the Anodot supply chain compromise, which has produced confirmed breaches at ",{"data":28166,"content":28168,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28167},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/vimeo-data-breach-exposes-personal-information-of-119-000-people/",[28169],{"data":28170,"marks":28171,"value":28172,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Vimeo",{"data":28174,"marks":28175,"value":28176,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (119,000 users), Rockstar Games (78.6 million records), and ",{"data":28178,"content":28180,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28179},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/zara-data-breach-exposed-personal-information-of-197-000-people/",[28181],{"data":28182,"marks":28183,"value":28184,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Zara/Inditex",{"data":28186,"marks":28187,"value":28188,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (197,000 people), with further downstream victims likely still emerging. The ",{"data":28190,"content":28191,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},[28192],{"data":28193,"marks":28194,"value":24017,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28196,"marks":28197,"value":28198,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which involved compromised OAuth tokens from Context.ai cascading into Google Workspace, also reinforces the same attack pattern (though it was likely not a ShinyHunters operation despite being claimed by someone pretending to be them).",{"data":28200,"content":28201,"nodeType":860},{},[28202],{"data":28203,"marks":28204,"value":28205,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A forgotten SaaS integration can easily become the pivot point for downstream compromise. The moment you authorize a third-party integration, your security boundary extends to include that vendor. If the third-party is compromised, every downstream customer organization with an active integration is exposed.",{"data":28207,"content":28208,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":28210,"content":28211,"nodeType":1009},{},[28212],{"data":28213,"marks":28214,"value":28216,"nodeType":864},{},[28215],{"type":899},"The infostealer credential playbook sits alongside these attacks",{"data":28218,"content":28219,"nodeType":860},{},[28220,28224,28232],{"data":28221,"marks":28222,"value":28223,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside the three vectors above, ShinyHunters has a track record of exploiting the infostealer credential economy at scale — and it predates any of them. The 2024 Snowflake campaign — 165+ customer environments compromised, over a billion records stolen from AT&T, Ticketmaster, Santander, and Advance Auto Parts among others — was built entirely on infostealer-harvested credentials replayed against MFA-less tenants, with ",{"data":28225,"content":28227,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28226},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc5537-snowflake-data-theft-extortion",[28228],{"data":28229,"marks":28230,"value":28231,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant's investigation",{"data":28233,"marks":28234,"value":28235,"nodeType":864},{},[]," finding that 80% of compromised accounts had prior breach exposure in datasets dating back to 2020. The credentials were already circulating in criminal marketplaces; ShinyHunters simply purchased and operationalized them at industrial scale.",{"data":28237,"content":28238,"nodeType":860},{},[28239,28243,28251,28255,28263,28267,28275,28279,28287],{"data":28240,"marks":28241,"value":28242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same methodology powered the ",{"data":28244,"content":28246,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28245},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-targeting-jira-with-stolen-credentials/",[28247],{"data":28248,"marks":28249,"value":28250,"nodeType":864},{},[],"HellCat Jira campaign",{"data":28252,"marks":28253,"value":28254,"nodeType":864},{},[]," through 2024–2025, and has now been industrialized as a standalone operation by ",{"data":28256,"content":28258,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28257},"https://www.halcyon.ai/jp/threat-group/coinbasecartel",[28259],{"data":28260,"marks":28261,"value":28262,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CoinbaseCartel",{"data":28264,"marks":28265,"value":28266,"nodeType":864},{},[],", another criminal group reported to be an offshoot of SLH. CoinbaseCartel's model is familiar: purchase old infostealer credentials, use them to access cloud and development environments, exfiltrate data, and demand ransom. ",{"data":28268,"content":28270,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28269},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/inside-the-coinbase-cartel-how-infostealer-credentials-fueled-a-100-company-ransomware-spree/",[28271],{"data":28272,"marks":28273,"value":28274,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hudson Rock's analysis",{"data":28276,"marks":28277,"value":28278,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of the group's 170+ claimed victims confirms that roughly 80% had prior infostealer infections predating the attacks. The most recent named victim is ",{"data":28280,"content":28282,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28281},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/grafana-says-stolen-github-token-let-hackers-steal-codebase/",[28283],{"data":28284,"marks":28285,"value":28286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Grafana",{"data":28288,"marks":28289,"value":28290,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where a GitHub token compromised via the TanStack npm supply chain attack and missed during credential rotation was used to download the codebase and attempt extortion. ",{"data":28292,"content":28293,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":28295,"content":28296,"nodeType":1009},{},[28297],{"data":28298,"marks":28299,"value":28301,"nodeType":864},{},[28300],{"type":899},"These attacks all happen in the browser",{"data":28303,"content":28304,"nodeType":860},{},[28305,28309,28316],{"data":28306,"marks":28307,"value":28308,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every one of these attack chains is a browser-based attack that either occurs in the browser (AiTM phishing, device code phishing) or could have been prevented at the browser layer (OAuth consent governance). The techniques are interchangeable — the",{"data":28310,"content":28311,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[28312],{"data":28313,"marks":28314,"value":28315,"nodeType":864},{},[]," same criminal kits now offer AiTM and device code phishing side by side",{"data":28317,"marks":28318,"value":28319,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the same threat actor (ShinyHunters) has used all three vectors across different campaigns within the same twelve-month period.",{"data":28321,"content":28322,"nodeType":860},{},[28323,28327,28334],{"data":28324,"marks":28325,"value":28326,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Additionally, infostealer infections themselves are increasingly delivered through browser-based methods like ",{"data":28328,"content":28330,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28329},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection",[28331],{"data":28332,"marks":28333,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28335,"marks":28336,"value":28337,"nodeType":864},{},[],", closing the loop between the credential supply side and the browser-layer detection point.",{"data":28339,"content":28340,"nodeType":1312},{},[28341],{"data":28342,"marks":28343,"value":12066,"nodeType":864},{},[28344],{"type":899},{"data":28346,"content":28347,"nodeType":860},{},[28348],{"data":28349,"marks":28350,"value":28351,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push operates at the exact point in each of these attack chains where automated intervention can still prevent the compromise. ",{"data":28353,"content":28354,"nodeType":860},{},[28355,28360],{"data":28356,"marks":28357,"value":28359,"nodeType":864},{},[28358],{"type":899},"For vishing + AiTM attacks, ",{"data":28361,"marks":28362,"value":28363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's behavioral phishing detection analyzes and blocks the phishing page in real time by detecting it from the user's browser — regardless of the domains used, hosting infrastructure, or where the URL was delivered.  ",{"data":28365,"content":28366,"nodeType":860},{},[28367,28372],{"data":28368,"marks":28369,"value":28371,"nodeType":864},{},[28370],{"type":899},"For device code phishing,",{"data":28373,"marks":28374,"value":28375,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push detects the phishing pages associated with device code phishing kits — including generic, technique-class detections that catch new kits without requiring kit-specific signatures. Second, Push provides an additional layer of protection on the legitimate device code authentication pages themselves, preventing users from entering attacker-supplied codes into them. Together, these detections cover both the kit-operated phishing infrastructure and the legitimate auth pages that the attack flow depends on.",{"data":28377,"content":28378,"nodeType":860},{},[28379,28384],{"data":28380,"marks":28381,"value":28383,"nodeType":864},{},[28382],{"type":899},"For OAuth supply chain attacks,",{"data":28385,"marks":28386,"value":28387,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push's detects and controls OAuth consent flows at the browser layer — capturing which application is requesting access, what scopes it's requesting, and whether the grant should be permitted under organizational policy. Push customers can also block OAuth connection requests as they transit the browser, enabling security teams to stop unwanted integrations being added in the first place. ",{"data":28389,"content":28390,"nodeType":860},{},[28391,28396],{"data":28392,"marks":28393,"value":28395,"nodeType":864},{},[28394],{"type":899},"For the infostealer credential playbook,",{"data":28397,"marks":28398,"value":28399,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Push's stolen credential detection identifies when employees are using credentials that have appeared in breach datasets or dark web feeds — catching the moment a dormant infostealer credential surfaces at a browser-based login, as well as surfacing insecure login methods missing mitigating controls like MFA and enforcing them through in-browser guardrails. And on the supply side, Push's ClickFix detection addresses the browser-based delivery vector that is now the primary method for distributing infostealer malware in the first place.",{"data":28401,"content":28402,"nodeType":860},{},[28403,28406,28414],{"data":28404,"marks":28405,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28407,"content":28409,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28408},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/guide-how-to-use-push-controls-to-protect-your-users-from-modern-attacks/",[28410],{"data":28411,"marks":28412,"value":28413,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about how you can use Push controls to protect your users from in-browser threats here. ",{"data":28415,"marks":28416,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28418,"content":28419,"nodeType":1312},{},[28420],{"data":28421,"marks":28422,"value":28424,"nodeType":864},{},[28423],{"type":899},"Closing thoughts",{"data":28426,"content":28427,"nodeType":860},{},[28428],{"data":28429,"marks":28430,"value":28431,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The campaigns documented in this post are not historical — they are ongoing, with new victims surfacing weekly and the underlying criminal infrastructure still actively developing. But the defensive strategy does not require anticipating which specific group, vector, or target sector comes next, because all of them converge on the same control point: the browser, where the attack begins or the integration decision is made. Organizations with browser-layer detection and OAuth governance in place have defense-in-depth against the full range of techniques these groups employ, regardless of which specific vector any given campaign uses.",{"data":28433,"content":28434,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":28436,"content":28437,"nodeType":860},{},[28438],{"data":28439,"marks":28440,"value":4855,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28442,"content":28443,"nodeType":860},{},[28444],{"data":28445,"marks":28446,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28448,"content":28449,"nodeType":860},{},[28450,28453,28459],{"data":28451,"marks":28452,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28454,"content":28455,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6897},[28456],{"data":28457,"marks":28458,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28460,"marks":28461,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28463,"content":28464,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":28466,"content":28467,"nodeType":1009},{},[28468],{"data":28469,"marks":28470,"value":28472,"nodeType":864},{},[28471],{"type":899},"Appendix: named ShinyHunters victims since May 2025",{"data":28474,"content":28475,"nodeType":860},{},[28476,28480,28487],{"data":28477,"marks":28478,"value":28479,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To give an indication of the scale, the following table documents all publicly named victims attributed to ShinyHunters specifically since the Salesforce campaign began in May 2025. It is not exhaustive: ShinyHunters has claimed over 1,000 organizations in aggregate across its Salesforce campaigns alone, and many victims have not been publicly named. This list also doesn’t include the billion-plus records compromised in the 2024 Snowflake breaches. The major ransomware attacks executed against M&S, Co-op, and Jaguar Land Rover claimed by the ",{"data":28481,"content":28482,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7492},[28483],{"data":28484,"marks":28485,"value":28486,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters \"brand\"",{"data":28488,"marks":28489,"value":28490,"nodeType":864},{},[]," also aren't listed below. ",{"data":28492,"content":28493,"nodeType":4845},{},[28494,28541,28605,28653,28701],{"data":28495,"content":28496,"nodeType":4581},{},[28497,28508,28519,28530],{"data":28498,"content":28499,"nodeType":4569},{},[28500],{"data":28501,"content":28502,"nodeType":860},{},[28503],{"data":28504,"marks":28505,"value":28507,"nodeType":864},{},[28506],{"type":899},"Campaign",{"data":28509,"content":28510,"nodeType":4569},{},[28511],{"data":28512,"content":28513,"nodeType":860},{},[28514],{"data":28515,"marks":28516,"value":28518,"nodeType":864},{},[28517],{"type":899},"Began",{"data":28520,"content":28521,"nodeType":4569},{},[28522],{"data":28523,"content":28524,"nodeType":860},{},[28525],{"data":28526,"marks":28527,"value":28529,"nodeType":864},{},[28528],{"type":899},"Named victims",{"data":28531,"content":28532,"nodeType":4569},{},[28533],{"data":28534,"content":28535,"nodeType":860},{},[28536],{"data":28537,"marks":28538,"value":28540,"nodeType":864},{},[28539],{"type":899},"Confirmed impact",{"data":28542,"content":28543,"nodeType":4581},{},[28544,28568,28578,28588],{"data":28545,"content":28546,"nodeType":4569},{},[28547],{"data":28548,"content":28549,"nodeType":860},{},[28550,28555,28559,28564],{"data":28551,"marks":28552,"value":28554,"nodeType":864},{},[28553],{"type":899},"ShinyHunters Salesforce Vishing",{"data":28556,"marks":28557,"value":28558,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (vishing + device code phishing → Salesforce connected app authorization) \n\n& ",{"data":28560,"marks":28561,"value":28563,"nodeType":864},{},[28562],{"type":899},"Salesloft/Drift Supply Chain",{"data":28565,"marks":28566,"value":28567,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (stolen OAuth tokens → downstream Salesforce access)",{"data":28569,"content":28570,"nodeType":4569},{},[28571],{"data":28572,"content":28573,"nodeType":860},{},[28574],{"data":28575,"marks":28576,"value":28577,"nodeType":864},{},[],"May 2025",{"data":28579,"content":28580,"nodeType":4569},{},[28581],{"data":28582,"content":28583,"nodeType":860},{},[28584],{"data":28585,"marks":28586,"value":28587,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Coca-Cola Europacific Partners, Cisco, Qantas, LVMH, Adidas, Google, Chanel, Pandora, Allianz Life, Air France-KLM, Farmers Insurance, Workday, TransUnion, Stellantis, Kering, Odido, Hallmark, Salesloft (origin), Toast, Avalara, Fastly, Cato Networks, Cloudflare, Palo Alto Networks, Zscaler, Tenable, Elastic, JFrog, CyberArk, Rubrik, BeyondTrust, Proofpoint, Workiva, Mercer Advisors, Beacon Pointe, Ameriprise, Kemper, Udemy, 7-Eleven, Mytheresa, Marcus & Millichap, Carnival, Pitney Bowes, Alert 360, Amtrak, McGraw-Hill, Canada Life, Charter Communications",{"data":28589,"content":28590,"nodeType":4569},{},[28591,28598],{"data":28592,"content":28593,"nodeType":860},{},[28594],{"data":28595,"marks":28596,"value":28597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"49 named victims. Confirmed individual impact includes 23M+ records (Coca-Cola), 5.7M records (Qantas), 6.2M customers (Odido), 4.4M consumers (TransUnion), up to 18M records (Stellantis), 13.5M emails (McGraw-Hill), 8.2M emails (Pitney Bowes), 7.5M emails (Carnival), 7-Eleven: 185K confirmed by HIBP (SSNs, driver's licenses; franchisee data), Charter Communications: millions of records claimed (company disputes scope). ",{"data":28599,"content":28600,"nodeType":860},{},[28601],{"data":28602,"marks":28603,"value":28604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters claims 1.5B+ Salesforce records across 1,000+ organizations total.",{"data":28606,"content":28607,"nodeType":4581},{},[28608,28623,28633,28643],{"data":28609,"content":28610,"nodeType":4569},{},[28611],{"data":28612,"content":28613,"nodeType":860},{},[28614,28619],{"data":28615,"marks":28616,"value":28618,"nodeType":864},{},[28617],{"type":899},"Vishing + AiTM SSO",{"data":28620,"marks":28621,"value":28622,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (vishing → AiTM phishing page → SSO session capture → SaaS data exfiltration)",{"data":28624,"content":28625,"nodeType":4569},{},[28626],{"data":28627,"content":28628,"nodeType":860},{},[28629],{"data":28630,"marks":28631,"value":28632,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Aug 2025",{"data":28634,"content":28635,"nodeType":4569},{},[28636],{"data":28637,"content":28638,"nodeType":860},{},[28639],{"data":28640,"marks":28641,"value":28642,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SoundCloud, GrubHub, Panera Bread, Match Group, Crunchbase, Betterment, CarMax, Edmunds, CarGurus, Hims & Hers, University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, Optimizely, TELUS Digital, Crunchyroll, ADT",{"data":28644,"content":28645,"nodeType":4569},{},[28646],{"data":28647,"content":28648,"nodeType":860},{},[28649],{"data":28650,"marks":28651,"value":28652,"nodeType":864},{},[],"16 named victims. Confirmed individual impact includes ~30M records (SoundCloud), ~14M records (Panera), 10M+ records (Match Group), ~20M records (Betterment), 5.5M people (ADT), 1M+ records (UPenn), ~1PB stolen from TELUS Digital ($65M ransom refused).",{"data":28654,"content":28655,"nodeType":4581},{},[28656,28671,28681,28691],{"data":28657,"content":28658,"nodeType":4569},{},[28659],{"data":28660,"content":28661,"nodeType":860},{},[28662,28667],{"data":28663,"marks":28664,"value":28666,"nodeType":864},{},[28665],{"type":899},"Anodot Supply Chain",{"data":28668,"marks":28669,"value":28670,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (stolen OAuth tokens → downstream Snowflake/BigQuery access)",{"data":28672,"content":28673,"nodeType":4569},{},[28674],{"data":28675,"content":28676,"nodeType":860},{},[28677],{"data":28678,"marks":28679,"value":28680,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Apr 2026",{"data":28682,"content":28683,"nodeType":4569},{},[28684],{"data":28685,"content":28686,"nodeType":860},{},[28687],{"data":28688,"marks":28689,"value":28690,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Anodot/Glassbox (origin), Rockstar Games, Vimeo, Zara/Inditex",{"data":28692,"content":28693,"nodeType":4569},{},[28694],{"data":28695,"content":28696,"nodeType":860},{},[28697],{"data":28698,"marks":28699,"value":28700,"nodeType":864},{},[],"4 named victims (12+ total claimed). 78.6M records (Rockstar Games), 197K individuals (Zara), 119K individuals (Vimeo).",{"data":28702,"content":28703,"nodeType":4581},{},[28704,28719,28728,28738],{"data":28705,"content":28706,"nodeType":4569},{},[28707],{"data":28708,"content":28709,"nodeType":860},{},[28710,28715],{"data":28711,"marks":28712,"value":28714,"nodeType":864},{},[28713],{"type":899},"Other SLH-attributed",{"data":28716,"marks":28717,"value":28718,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (misc. vectors including infostealer chains, CI/CD supply chain, SaaS platform compromise)",{"data":28720,"content":28721,"nodeType":4569},{},[28722],{"data":28723,"content":28724,"nodeType":860},{},[28725],{"data":28726,"marks":28727,"value":28577,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28729,"content":28730,"nodeType":4569},{},[28731],{"data":28732,"content":28733,"nodeType":860},{},[28734],{"data":28735,"marks":28736,"value":28737,"nodeType":864},{},[],"UK Legal Aid Agency, Mixpanel, Wynn Resorts, Woflow, Vercel, European Commission, Mercor, Medtronic, Instructure",{"data":28739,"content":28740,"nodeType":4569},{},[28741],{"data":28742,"content":28743,"nodeType":860},{},[28744],{"data":28745,"marks":28746,"value":28747,"nodeType":864},{},[],"10 named victims across varied vectors. Notable: Vercel (Lumma Stealer → Context.ai OAuth app → Google Workspace), European Commission (poisoned Trivy GitHub Action → 340GB across 71 EU entities)",{"data":28749,"content":28750,"nodeType":860},{},[28751],{"data":28752,"marks":28753,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The three attack techniques behind ShinyHunters' 2026 campaigns ","ShinyHunters' breach of Instructure is the latest in a long series of attacks. Here's our view of the big picture. ","analyzing-the-instructure-breach",{"items":28758},[28759,28761],{"sys":28760,"name":7848},{"id":7847},{"sys":28762,"name":342},{"id":7851},{"items":28764},[28765],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":28766},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":28768,"content":28770,"title":29274,"synopsis":29275,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":29276,"slug":29277,"tagsCollection":29278,"authorsCollection":29284},{"id":28769},"2MWicW07sNEBp59wxYtAiC",{"json":28771},{"data":28772,"content":28773,"nodeType":856},{},[28774,28782,28813,28819,28826,28845,28860,28863,28871,28886,28905,28930,28936,28952,28980,28986,28992,29008,29011,29019,29026,29034,29052,29068,29075,29100,29107,29115,29144,29151,29159,29166,29172,29175,29183,29190,29198,29204,29207,29215,29222,29229,29236,29248,29251,29257],{"data":28775,"content":28776,"nodeType":1009},{},[28777],{"data":28778,"marks":28779,"value":28781,"nodeType":864},{},[28780],{"type":899},"The quantification problem nobody talks about",{"data":28783,"content":28784,"nodeType":860},{},[28785,28789,28797,28801,28809],{"data":28786,"marks":28787,"value":28788,"nodeType":864},{},[],"I was recently teaching ",{"data":28790,"content":28792,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28791},"https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-courses/cybersecurity-leaders/",[28793],{"data":28794,"marks":28795,"value":28796,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SANS LDR551",{"data":28798,"marks":28799,"value":28800,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where we cover some of the flawed approaches used in risk measurement and prioritization — for example, presenting ordinal data in a risk matrix as ratio data, implying that the matrix represents quantitative analysis when it’s more of a best guess. We then look at modeling using ",{"data":28802,"content":28804,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28803},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_exceedance_curve",[28805],{"data":28806,"marks":28807,"value":28808,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Loss Exceedance Curves",{"data":28810,"marks":28811,"value":28812,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as a more accurate, if much more difficult, approach to quantitative risk assessment.",{"data":28814,"content":28818,"nodeType":996},{"target":28815},{"sys":28816},{"id":28817,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4S1wJUm6E1qvyZzwrl2DL",[],{"data":28820,"content":28821,"nodeType":860},{},[28822],{"data":28823,"marks":28824,"value":28825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The only problem is, we rarely have the time or the data to construct such models. Ask a CISO how they measure risk for credential compromise and other account takeover attacks, and the answer will probably include one or more of the following: a risk assessment, a whiteboard, and a room full of smart people making educated guesses about attack frequency and control strength. ",{"data":28827,"content":28828,"nodeType":860},{},[28829,28833,28841],{"data":28830,"marks":28831,"value":28832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That isn't a criticism — for most risk scenarios, expert elicitation is the best (and most convenient) available method. Breach cost data is sparse, threat actor behavior is unpredictable, and internal incident history is (ideally!) a limited sample. Quantitative risk frameworks like ",{"data":28834,"content":28836,"nodeType":883},{"uri":28835},"https://www.fairinstitute.org/",[28837],{"data":28838,"marks":28839,"value":28840,"nodeType":864},{},[],"FAIR",{"data":28842,"marks":28843,"value":28844,"nodeType":864},{},[]," give structure to that uncertainty, but they can't conjure data that just doesn't exist.",{"data":28846,"content":28847,"nodeType":860},{},[28848,28852,28857],{"data":28849,"marks":28850,"value":28851,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The results are usually estimates with wide confidence intervals and loss distributions that appear precise, but are hard to defend to a CFO or a board. Finance leaders have seen Monte Carlo simulations before; the capable ones will challenge the quality of the outputs if they doubt the quality of the inputs. ",{"data":28853,"marks":28854,"value":28856,"nodeType":864},{},[28855],{"type":899},"But with the right telemetry, we can get both",{"data":28858,"marks":28859,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28861,"content":28862,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":28864,"content":28865,"nodeType":1009},{},[28866],{"data":28867,"marks":28868,"value":28870,"nodeType":864},{},[28869],{"type":899},"Why the identity attack surface is uniquely measurable",{"data":28872,"content":28873,"nodeType":860},{},[28874,28878,28883],{"data":28875,"marks":28876,"value":28877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We've written extensively about the shift to identity as a primary attack vector — and the evidence continues to stack up. Credential phishing, device code phishing, ClickFix, adversary-in-the-middle attacks, session hijacking, and SaaS account compromise now account for the majority of breach entry points in most enterprise environments. But the silver lining here is that this shift has created something valuable for risk quantification: ",{"data":28879,"marks":28880,"value":28882,"nodeType":864},{},[28881],{"type":2246},"a highly observable threat surface",{"data":28884,"marks":28885,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28887,"content":28888,"nodeType":860},{},[28889,28893,28901],{"data":28890,"marks":28891,"value":28892,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity attacks execute ",{"data":28894,"content":28895,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12082},[28896],{"data":28897,"marks":28898,"value":28900,"nodeType":864},{},[28899],{"type":1455},"in the browser",{"data":28902,"marks":28903,"value":28904,"nodeType":864},{},[],". They leave traces in authentication flows, login behaviors, OAuth integrations, extension activity, and SaaS access patterns — all of which are captured in real time by the Push extension. Unlike network or endpoint attacks, where the signal is often binary and retroactive, browser-based identity threats generate continuous, high-frequency telemetry that maps directly onto the inputs that drive quantitative risk models.",{"data":28906,"content":28907,"nodeType":860},{},[28908,28912,28917,28921,28926],{"data":28909,"marks":28910,"value":28911,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This telemetry directly informs the hardest inputs in any quantitative risk model. One is ",{"data":28913,"marks":28914,"value":28916,"nodeType":864},{},[28915],{"type":899},"Threat Event Frequency (TEF)",{"data":28918,"marks":28919,"value":28920,"nodeType":864},{},[],": how often a threat agent acts against an asset in a given period. For identity risks, this can be answered in how many credential phishing attempts reached your users across all delivery channels (social media, email, malvertising, etc.), or how frequently your users authorize malicious or compromised SaaS apps. Browser-level telemetry can answer these questions with ",{"data":28922,"marks":28923,"value":28925,"nodeType":864},{},[28924],{"type":2246},"observed",{"data":28927,"marks":28928,"value":28929,"nodeType":864},{},[]," data rather than industry lookups and general benchmarks. ",{"data":28931,"content":28935,"nodeType":996},{"target":28932},{"sys":28933},{"id":28934,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"EvjT68MCWW7nz5q86xe8S",[],{"data":28937,"content":28938,"nodeType":860},{},[28939,28943,28948],{"data":28940,"marks":28941,"value":28942,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The other input to risk modeling that's difficult to express in concrete terms is ",{"data":28944,"marks":28945,"value":28947,"nodeType":864},{},[28946],{"type":899},"vulnerability",{"data":28949,"marks":28950,"value":28951,"nodeType":864},{},[],": the probability a threat becomes a loss event or, more specifically, how likely it is that your controls will fail. ",{"data":28953,"content":28954,"nodeType":860},{},[28955,28959,28966,28970,28977],{"data":28956,"marks":28957,"value":28958,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where browser telemetry gets especially concrete. ",{"data":28960,"content":28961,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20072},[28962],{"data":28963,"marks":28964,"value":28965,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Analysis of login telemetry across Push-monitored environments",{"data":28967,"marks":28968,"value":28969,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shows that 1 in 4 logins are still password-only (not SSO), 2 in 5 are not protected by MFA, and 1 in 5 use a weak, breached, or reused password. Many of these logins occur outside the visibility of a central IdP platform like Microsoft, Google or Okta — the result of downstream ",{"data":28971,"content":28972,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16338},[28973],{"data":28974,"marks":28975,"value":28976,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ghost logins",{"data":28978,"marks":28979,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28981,"content":28985,"nodeType":996},{"target":28982},{"sys":28983},{"id":28984,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5GctExdVGjHRwKifiP00Fp",[],{"data":28987,"content":28991,"nodeType":996},{"target":28988},{"sys":28989},{"id":28990,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2mWToHCJcuB9FMwxxzd67F",[],{"data":28993,"content":28994,"nodeType":860},{},[28995,28999,29004],{"data":28996,"marks":28997,"value":28998,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In a FAIR-based model, TEF and vulnerability together determine ",{"data":29000,"marks":29001,"value":29003,"nodeType":864},{},[29002],{"type":899},"loss event frequency",{"data":29005,"marks":29006,"value":29007,"nodeType":864},{},[],": the foundational driver of the entire risk calculation. Using telemetry from your own environment as the basis for these calculations makes them far more accurate, and more likely to stand up to scrutiny.",{"data":29009,"content":29010,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29012,"content":29013,"nodeType":1009},{},[29014],{"data":29015,"marks":29016,"value":29018,"nodeType":864},{},[29017],{"type":899},"The attack surface is bigger than most models assume",{"data":29020,"content":29021,"nodeType":860},{},[29022],{"data":29023,"marks":29024,"value":29025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the consistent failures in identity risk modeling is the tendency to model risks defenders can see, and leave the rest off the balance sheet. These omissions create a systematic understatement of exposure that browser-based telemetry can offset.",{"data":29027,"content":29028,"nodeType":1312},{},[29029],{"data":29030,"marks":29031,"value":29033,"nodeType":864},{},[29032],{"type":899},"Shadow AI and OAuth sprawl",{"data":29035,"content":29036,"nodeType":860},{},[29037,29040,29048],{"data":29038,"marks":29039,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29041,"content":29042,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},[29043],{"data":29044,"marks":29045,"value":29047,"nodeType":864},{},[29046],{"type":1455},"The Vercel breach in April 2026",{"data":29049,"marks":29050,"value":29051,"nodeType":864},{},[]," was the result of an OAuth connection to a third-party AI SaaS tool a developer connected into the organization's Google Workspace tenant (without admin approval). When the AI vendor was compromised, the attacker leveraged stored OAuth tokens to access downstream accounts, ultimately reaching internal dashboards, API keys, and source code. ",{"data":29053,"content":29054,"nodeType":860},{},[29055,29059,29064],{"data":29056,"marks":29057,"value":29058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push telemetry across customer environments shows an average of ",{"data":29060,"marks":29061,"value":29063,"nodeType":864},{},[29062],{"type":899},"17 unique AI app integrations per organization in Microsoft and Google alone",{"data":29065,"marks":29066,"value":29067,"nodeType":864},{},[],", most of which security teams would describe as unapproved. These generally don't appear in a conventional risk model that isn't looking for them.",{"data":29069,"content":29070,"nodeType":1312},{},[29071],{"data":29072,"marks":29073,"value":288,"nodeType":864},{},[29074],{"type":899},{"data":29076,"content":29077,"nodeType":860},{},[29078,29082,29091,29096],{"data":29079,"marks":29080,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[29081],{"type":899},{"data":29083,"content":29084,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[29085],{"data":29086,"marks":29087,"value":29090,"nodeType":864},{},[29088,29089],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"Analysis of 20,000 unique extensions deployed across Push customer environments",{"data":29092,"marks":29093,"value":29095,"nodeType":864},{},[29094],{"type":899}," found that 46.76% have the permission combinations required for account takeover without user interaction. ",{"data":29097,"marks":29098,"value":29099,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The extensions carrying these permissions aren't flagged by risk scoring systems because the same permissions are used by ad blockers, password managers, and translation tools (the downside of relying on tools that rely on dubious scoring to assess extensions, but I digress). ",{"data":29101,"content":29102,"nodeType":860},{},[29103],{"data":29104,"marks":29105,"value":29106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What matters for risk quantification isn't the permission set or an arbitrary score assigned by a vendor; it's whether the monitoring exists to detect when a previously-clean extension changes ownership, escalates permissions, or behaves anomalously. Without that monitoring, the exposure is real but unquantified.",{"data":29108,"content":29109,"nodeType":1312},{},[29110],{"data":29111,"marks":29112,"value":29114,"nodeType":864},{},[29113],{"type":899},"ClickFix and non-email delivery channels",{"data":29116,"content":29117,"nodeType":860},{},[29118,29122,29129,29133,29140],{"data":29119,"marks":29120,"value":29121,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix — where a malicious page silently writes a PowerShell or mshta command into the victim's clipboard and instructs them to paste it — was ",{"data":29123,"content":29124,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7226},[29125],{"data":29126,"marks":29127,"value":29128,"nodeType":864},{},[],"the most common initial access vector observed by Microsoft in 2025",{"data":29130,"marks":29131,"value":29132,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and CrowdStrike reported a",{"data":29134,"content":29135,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},[29136],{"data":29137,"marks":29138,"value":29139,"nodeType":864},{},[]," 563% increase in fake CAPTCHA lures",{"data":29141,"marks":29142,"value":29143,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (one of the most common ClickFix styles in which the user has to \"verify they're human\" by running a command on their machine). ",{"data":29145,"content":29146,"nodeType":860},{},[29147],{"data":29148,"marks":29149,"value":29150,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What makes this particularly relevant for risk quantification is the delivery channel: 4 in 5 ClickFix payloads intercepted by Push arrive via search engines, not email. A risk model that estimates threat event frequency from email-based phishing telemetry alone is structurally blind to an entire category of attack that has become one of the most prevalent initial access methods in the landscape.",{"data":29152,"content":29153,"nodeType":1312},{},[29154],{"data":29155,"marks":29156,"value":29158,"nodeType":864},{},[29157],{"type":899},"Authorization attacks",{"data":29160,"content":29161,"nodeType":860},{},[29162],{"data":29163,"marks":29164,"value":29165,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Device code phishing and OAuth consent abuse represent a slightly separate category of identity attack that most risk models don't account for because they operate after the authentication flow has already completed — meaning password strength, MFA coverage, and SSO adoption are irrelevant to whether the attack succeeds. ",{"data":29167,"content":29171,"nodeType":996},{"target":29168},{"sys":29169},{"id":29170,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7qtHmxCzBm5664jD6HsCwN",[],{"data":29173,"content":29174,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29176,"content":29177,"nodeType":1009},{},[29178],{"data":29179,"marks":29180,"value":29182,"nodeType":864},{},[29181],{"type":899},"The key lesson for CISOs",{"data":29184,"content":29185,"nodeType":860},{},[29186],{"data":29187,"marks":29188,"value":29189,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A risk model that measures identity vulnerability purely in terms of authentication hygiene at the IdP layer — how many accounts have MFA, how many use SSO — will correctly quantify one dimension of exposure while completely missing another that is growing faster and is structurally immune to the controls being measured.",{"data":29191,"content":29192,"nodeType":860},{},[29193],{"data":29194,"marks":29195,"value":29197,"nodeType":864},{},[29196],{"type":899},"For a CISO building a risk model, these aren't edge cases. They represent a real attack surface that doesn't show up in models built on conventional network, endpoint, and cloud telemetry. We aren't just talking about better inputs to risk modeling — we're talking about entirely new risk scenarios that aren't being modeled at all, supported by live data.",{"data":29199,"content":29203,"nodeType":996},{"target":29200},{"sys":29201},{"id":29202,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2ObEcO1gqz8lrOLCZzfpNw",[],{"data":29205,"content":29206,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29208,"content":29209,"nodeType":1312},{},[29210],{"data":29211,"marks":29212,"value":29214,"nodeType":864},{},[29213],{"type":899},"Browser telemetry makes a CISO's life easier",{"data":29216,"content":29217,"nodeType":860},{},[29218],{"data":29219,"marks":29220,"value":29221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-based telemetry changes the conversation a CISO can have with a CFO or board. Instead of \"industry benchmarks suggest our expected annual loss from account compromise is somewhere in this range,\" the answer is, \"We can see how often these attacks are attempted against our users, and we can measure what percentage of our accounts have the controls in place to stop them,\" or \"We know how many shadow AI apps our users self-provision and share data with each month.\" ",{"data":29223,"content":29224,"nodeType":860},{},[29225],{"data":29226,"marks":29227,"value":29228,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity risk is only a piece of the quantification problem. Loss magnitude, regulatory exposure, and reputational impact are still extremely hard to estimate regardless of how good your frequency inputs are. ",{"data":29230,"content":29231,"nodeType":860},{},[29232],{"data":29233,"marks":29234,"value":29235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the identity attack surface is one of the few areas in security where measurement is genuinely achievable right now, and the gap between what most organizations are modeling and what's actually observable is significant. Shadow SaaS integrations, unapproved AI connections, browser extensions with excessive privileges — these are enumerable risks that don't appear in models built on network, endpoint, and cloud access telemetry alone. ",{"data":29237,"content":29238,"nodeType":860},{},[29239,29244],{"data":29240,"marks":29241,"value":29243,"nodeType":864},{},[29242],{"type":899},"The lesson for CISOs serious about quantitative risk management is this: the frameworks exist, the talent is available, and the bottleneck is almost always data quality. ",{"data":29245,"marks":29246,"value":29247,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser telemetry is a good example of the kind of high-fidelity, environment-specific measurement that closes that gap.",{"data":29249,"content":29250,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29252,"content":29253,"nodeType":860},{},[29254],{"data":29255,"marks":29256,"value":4855,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29258,"content":29259,"nodeType":860},{},[29260,29264,29271],{"data":29261,"marks":29262,"value":29263,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see. ",{"data":29265,"content":29267,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29266},"https://pushsecurity.com/book-demo/",[29268],{"data":29269,"marks":29270,"value":9417,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29272,"marks":29273,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The CISO's data problem (and how browser telemetry can help)","How CISOs can use browser telemetry to support cyber risk quantification in areas where traditional data points fall short. ","2026-05-11T00:00:00.000Z","the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help",{"items":29279},[29280,29282],{"sys":29281,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"sys":29283,"name":342},{"id":7851},{"items":29285},[29286],{"fullName":3621,"firstName":3622,"jobTitle":3623,"profilePicture":29287},{"url":3625},"blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review",{"json":29290},{"data":29291,"content":29292,"nodeType":856},{},[29293],{"data":29294,"content":29295,"nodeType":860},{},[29296],{"data":29297,"marks":29298,"value":29299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Verizon's 2026 Data Breach Investigations Report landed this week with the largest dataset in the report's 19-year history — more than 22,000 confirmed breaches across 145 countries, nearly double last year's count.",{"id":21447,"publishedAt":29301},"2026-08-12T12:00:55.865Z",{"items":29303},[29304,29306],{"sys":29305,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":29307,"name":7848},{"id":7847},{"items":29309},[29310,29312,29314,29316,29318,29320,29322,29324,29326,29328,29330,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340,29342,29344,29346,29348,29350,29352,29354,29356],{"sys":29311,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":29313,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":29315,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":29317,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":29319,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":29321,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":29323,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":29325,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":29327,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":29329,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},{"sys":29331,"name":537,"slug":538,"tier":45},{"id":534},{"sys":29333,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45},{"id":630},{"sys":29335,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":29337,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":29339,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":29341,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":29343,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":29345,"name":252,"slug":253,"tier":45},{"id":249},{"sys":29347,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":29349,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45},{"id":647},{"sys":29351,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},{"sys":29353,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45},{"id":365},{"sys":29355,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":29357,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},"hcNrtVGANdYvnes1Z8X1g9b6b_dm694k5qOhLd1GfaI",{"id":29360,"title":29361,"authorsCollection":29362,"content":29367,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":29988,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":29990,"metaTitle":29991,"ogImage":59,"postType":10263,"publishedDate":29992,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":29993,"slug":32577,"stem":32578,"subtitle":59,"summary":32579,"synopsis":32589,"sys":32590,"tagsCollection":32593,"topicsCollection":32599,"__hash__":32641},"blog/blog/the-case-for-best-of-breed-browser-security.json","Why \"good enough\" isn’t enough: the case for best-of-breed browser security",{"items":29363},[29364],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":29365,"profilePicture":29366},[19505],{"url":4881},{"json":29368,"links":29932},{"data":29369,"content":29370,"nodeType":856},{},[29371,29378,29404,29411,29414,29422,29429,29436,29443,29451,29505,29512,29520,29527,29534,29542,29549,29556,29575,29606,29613,29616,29624,29632,29650,29658,29677,29685,29692,29700,29707,29715,29722,29725,29733,29740,29751,29769,29777,29784,29790,29798,29834,29840,29848,29865,29873,29891,29894,29902,29909,29916],{"data":29372,"content":29373,"nodeType":860},{},[29374],{"data":29375,"marks":29376,"value":29377,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Three browser security companies have been acquired by major security platforms in five months. CrowdStrike acquired Seraphic Security in January 2026. Zscaler absorbed SquareX in February. In May, Akamai announced the acquisition of LayerX. Add Palo Alto Networks' earlier acquisition of Talon, and the browser security market has consolidated faster than almost any adjacent security category before it.",{"data":29379,"content":29380,"nodeType":860},{},[29381,29385,29391,29394,29401],{"data":29382,"marks":29383,"value":29384,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These acquisitions recognize that the browser is now where employees work, where AI runs, and where the most damaging attacks on organizations originate. It’s telling that browser security already accounts for ",{"data":29386,"content":29387,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[29388],{"data":29389,"marks":29390,"value":27464,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29392,"marks":29393,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29395,"content":29396,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[29397],{"data":29398,"marks":29399,"value":29400,"nodeType":864},{},[],"85% of organizations expect to increase that spend over the next 12-24 months",{"data":29402,"marks":29403,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29405,"content":29406,"nodeType":860},{},[29407],{"data":29408,"marks":29409,"value":29410,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But for security buyers, consolidation creates a risk as much as an opportunity. The question isn't whether your existing platform vendor now offers browser security — it's whether what they're offering can actually protect you as the threat landscape evolves.",{"data":29412,"content":29413,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29415,"content":29416,"nodeType":1009},{},[29417],{"data":29418,"marks":29419,"value":29421,"nodeType":864},{},[29420],{"type":899},"Why \"good enough\" isn't good enough in the browser",{"data":29423,"content":29424,"nodeType":860},{},[29425],{"data":29426,"marks":29427,"value":29428,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The consolidation pitch is tempting. If you're already a CrowdStrike, Zscaler, or Palo Alto customer, adding browser security through an existing relationship means fewer vendors, fewer contracts, and a coherent narrative about platform consolidation that plays well internally. ",{"data":29430,"content":29431,"nodeType":860},{},[29432],{"data":29433,"marks":29434,"value":29435,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security teams make these kinds of tradeoffs all the time — accepting that your SASE vendor's threat intelligence feed may not match a dedicated provider, or that your EDR vendor's vulnerability management module may not match a dedicated scanner — are reasonable decisions where the operational benefit of consolidation outweighs the capability difference.",{"data":29437,"content":29438,"nodeType":860},{},[29439],{"data":29440,"marks":29441,"value":29442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But browser security is a category where the stakes are too high to accept a \"good enough\" solution. The majority of all reported breaches now originate in the browser and attacker tradecraft in this space is advancing at an unprecedented rate thanks to AI. These risks warrant the strongest form of defense. Here are three reasons that “good enough” solutions don't give you that:",{"data":29444,"content":29445,"nodeType":1312},{},[29446],{"data":29447,"marks":29448,"value":29450,"nodeType":864},{},[29449],{"type":899},"1. Most platform browser solutions were built for the wrong problems",{"data":29452,"content":29453,"nodeType":860},{},[29454,29457,29466,29470,29478,29482,29490,29494,29501],{"data":29455,"marks":29456,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29458,"content":29460,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29459},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/resources/infographics/identity-security-risk-review/",[29461],{"data":29462,"marks":29463,"value":29465,"nodeType":864},{},[29464],{"type":1455},"CrowdStrike's own research",{"data":29467,"marks":29468,"value":29469,"nodeType":864},{},[]," puts identity involvement in 80% of all modern breaches. Identity weaknesses played a material role in ",{"data":29471,"content":29473,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29472},"https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit-42-incident-response-report",[29474],{"data":29475,"marks":29476,"value":29477,"nodeType":864},{},[],"almost 90% of Unit 42 incident response investigations",{"data":29479,"marks":29480,"value":29481,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The breaches making headlines — 2024's ",{"data":29483,"content":29485,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29484},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro",[29486],{"data":29487,"marks":29488,"value":29489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"mass Snowflake account compromises",{"data":29491,"marks":29492,"value":29493,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 2025's wave of Salesforce-targeted attacks, and 2026's ",{"data":29495,"content":29496,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4082},[29497],{"data":29498,"marks":29499,"value":29500,"nodeType":864},{},[],"continued spree of data theft and extortion",{"data":29502,"marks":29503,"value":29504,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — all trace back to identity weaknesses exploited through the browser: credentials stuffed into login pages that lacked MFA, session tokens hijacked via AiTM phishing, OAuth consent abused to grant persistent access, and device code flows manipulated to bypass authentication entirely. ",{"data":29506,"content":29507,"nodeType":860},{},[29508],{"data":29509,"marks":29510,"value":29511,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yet Seraphic was built for browser runtime exploit prevention, SquareX for file-based malware sandboxing, LayerX for access governance and AI usage policy. These are real use cases, but they're not the use cases behind headline breaches. If your browser security solution checks a box for \"phishing protection\" but can't detect the identity attack techniques that are actually being industrialized and deployed at scale, you have a gap — and the danger is that you don't know it's there.",{"data":29513,"content":29514,"nodeType":1312},{},[29515],{"data":29516,"marks":29517,"value":29519,"nodeType":864},{},[29518],{"type":899},"2. Even solutions claiming the right capabilities often deliver them superficially",{"data":29521,"content":29522,"nodeType":860},{},[29523],{"data":29524,"marks":29525,"value":29526,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every browser security vendor claims phishing detection, ClickFix protection, and session security. What varies enormously is whether those capabilities work against real, live, never-before-seen attacker infrastructure — or only against known-bad indicators that attackers rotate in minutes. 95% of in-browser attacks detected by Push used bot protection to evade blocklists; 89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days. ",{"data":29528,"content":29529,"nodeType":860},{},[29530],{"data":29531,"marks":29532,"value":29533,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A solution that appears comprehensive in a demo or PoV may leave significant gaps when tested against adversaries who understand exactly how security tools work and actively engineer around them. ",{"data":29535,"content":29536,"nodeType":1312},{},[29537],{"data":29538,"marks":29539,"value":29541,"nodeType":864},{},[29540],{"type":899},"3. AI is only going to widen the gap between \"good enough\" and what you need",{"data":29543,"content":29544,"nodeType":860},{},[29545],{"data":29546,"marks":29547,"value":29548,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a browser security product is acquired, engineering effort turns inwards towards integration with the parent platform, not advancing detection capability. ",{"data":29550,"content":29551,"nodeType":860},{},[29552],{"data":29553,"marks":29554,"value":29555,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That dynamic plays out differently for each acquisition, but in Seraphic's case it is expected to be particularly heightened. Seraphic works by injecting an agent into the browser's JavaScript runtime. This is the same approach antivirus vendors have used for years, with well-documented stability consequences. Stability is now a top priority for CrowdStrike, which means the Seraphic integration will proceed cautiously. For buyers, that translates directly into slower capability advancement, not faster.",{"data":29557,"content":29558,"nodeType":860},{},[29559,29563,29571],{"data":29560,"marks":29561,"value":29562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But this is no time for engineering efforts to turn inward, as the threat landscape continues to evolve at an unprecedented rate. You only need to look at the rise of techniques like device code phishing, which have gone from ",{"data":29564,"content":29565,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[29566],{"data":29567,"marks":29568,"value":29570,"nodeType":864},{},[29569],{"type":1455},"research curiosity to industrialized exploitation",{"data":29572,"marks":29573,"value":29574,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in a matter of months — in large part enabled by AI-powered tools and AI-assisted development. Similarly, AI has compressed the time to generate a convincing phishing campaign from hours to minutes. ",{"data":29576,"content":29577,"nodeType":860},{},[29578,29582,29589,29593,29602],{"data":29579,"marks":29580,"value":29581,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But it's not only external threats: ",{"data":29583,"content":29584,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[29585],{"data":29586,"marks":29587,"value":29588,"nodeType":864},{},[],"92% of organizations allow employees to use public GenAI applications",{"data":29590,"marks":29591,"value":29592,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — every one of them with unsanctioned AI use occurring by design — employees are routinely entering sensitive data into unapproved AI tools, and ",{"data":29594,"content":29596,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29595},"https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-08-26-gartner-predicts-40-percent-of-enterprise-apps-will-feature-task-specific-ai-agents-by-2026-up-from-less-than-5-percent-in-2025",[29597],{"data":29598,"marks":29599,"value":29601,"nodeType":864},{},[29600],{"type":1455},"Gartner predicts",{"data":29603,"marks":29604,"value":29605,"nodeType":864},{},[]," 40% of enterprise applications will feature AI agents by end of 2026, up from under 5% in 2025. ",{"data":29607,"content":29608,"nodeType":860},{},[29609],{"data":29610,"marks":29611,"value":29612,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gap between an acquired product focused on integration and vendors whose single-minded focus is on stopping these emerging threats will continue to widen over time.",{"data":29614,"content":29615,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29617,"content":29618,"nodeType":1009},{},[29619],{"data":29620,"marks":29621,"value":29623,"nodeType":864},{},[29622],{"type":899},"How to identify a genuinely best-of-breed solution",{"data":29625,"content":29626,"nodeType":1312},{},[29627],{"data":29628,"marks":29629,"value":29631,"nodeType":864},{},[29630],{"type":899},"Start from your own requirements",{"data":29633,"content":29634,"nodeType":860},{},[29635,29639,29646],{"data":29636,"marks":29637,"value":29638,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Define the outcomes you need before speaking to any vendor. The ",{"data":29640,"content":29641,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16169},[29642],{"data":29643,"marks":29644,"value":29645,"nodeType":864},{},[],"highest-value browser security use cases",{"data":29647,"marks":29648,"value":29649,"nodeType":864},{},[]," are account takeover prevention, advanced phishing detection, identity posture hardening, browser extension security, and shadow SaaS and OAuth governance.",{"data":29651,"content":29652,"nodeType":1312},{},[29653],{"data":29654,"marks":29655,"value":29657,"nodeType":864},{},[29656],{"type":899},"Understand how it detects, not just what it claims",{"data":29659,"content":29660,"nodeType":860},{},[29661,29665,29673],{"data":29662,"marks":29663,"value":29664,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most solutions rely on IoCs — matching known-bad domains, URLs, and IPs against feeds that attackers rotate in minutes.  There’s a major shortcoming with this approach, though: attackers rotate infrastructure faster than any blocklist updates and use bot protection to stay off threat intelligence feeds, making every attack feel ",{"data":29666,"content":29667,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8748},[29668],{"data":29669,"marks":29670,"value":29672,"nodeType":864},{},[29671],{"type":1455},"like a zero-day",{"data":29674,"marks":29675,"value":29676,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The only approach that reliably works is TTP-based behavioral detection. Ask every vendor: are you detecting a known-bad indicator or a behavioral technique?",{"data":29678,"content":29679,"nodeType":1312},{},[29680],{"data":29681,"marks":29682,"value":29684,"nodeType":864},{},[29683],{"type":899},"Test against real attacker behavior",{"data":29686,"content":29687,"nodeType":860},{},[29688],{"data":29689,"marks":29690,"value":29691,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Don't evaluate phishing detection with old phishing URLs. By the time you’re running these tests their IoCs will already be on block-lists (see point above). Instead, deploy realistic testing scenarios and look for demonstrable evidence of stopping real-world phishing kits — Evilginx, Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, and so on. ",{"data":29693,"content":29694,"nodeType":1312},{},[29695],{"data":29696,"marks":29697,"value":29699,"nodeType":864},{},[29698],{"type":899},"Assess innovation velocity",{"data":29701,"content":29702,"nodeType":860},{},[29703],{"data":29704,"marks":29705,"value":29706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ask every vendor about their research output and feature release history over the past six months — are they discovering and publishing novel attack techniques, or covering what others already documented? Are new detections shipping continuously, or in quarterly cycles? For acquired products specifically, also ask how the roadmap has changed since acquisition. ",{"data":29708,"content":29709,"nodeType":1312},{},[29710],{"data":29711,"marks":29712,"value":29714,"nodeType":864},{},[29713],{"type":899},"Consider operationalization, vendor focus, and lock-in",{"data":29716,"content":29717,"nodeType":860},{},[29718],{"data":29719,"marks":29720,"value":29721,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many solutions demo well but create significant overhead at scale. Consider whether you want another agent on endpoints, and whether you have the resources to tune granular policies without drowning in false positives. Your requirements might not carry the same weight with a platform vendor with tens of thousands of customers across multiple product lines, versus a dedicated vendor whose entire roadmap exists to solve your problem. And factor in lock-in: every capability consolidated into an existing platform vendor reduces your ability to change direction later.",{"data":29723,"content":29724,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29726,"content":29727,"nodeType":1009},{},[29728],{"data":29729,"marks":29730,"value":29732,"nodeType":864},{},[29731],{"type":899},"Why Push is the best-of-breed browser security solution",{"data":29734,"content":29735,"nodeType":860},{},[29736],{"data":29737,"marks":29738,"value":29739,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Think of Push as EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. Here’s why customers choose Push as a best-of-breed solution:",{"data":29741,"content":29742,"nodeType":1312},{},[29743,29748],{"data":29744,"marks":29745,"value":29747,"nodeType":864},{},[29746],{"type":899},"Push is built for the security problems that actually cause breaches",{"data":29749,"marks":29750,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29752,"content":29753,"nodeType":860},{},[29754,29758,29765],{"data":29755,"marks":29756,"value":29757,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The highest-value browser security problems — account takeover prevention, advanced phishing detection, identity posture hardening, browser extension security, shadow SaaS and OAuth governance — all require visibility inside the browser session. Push was built from the ground up for exactly that. The same foundational capability that detects AiTM phishing and ClickFix attacks also surfaces the exposure most security teams don't know they have: ",{"data":29759,"content":29760,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20072},[29761],{"data":29762,"marks":29763,"value":29764,"nodeType":864},{},[],"across Push's customer base",{"data":29766,"marks":29767,"value":29768,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 1 in 4 logins use passwords rather than SSO, 2 in 5 are unprotected by MFA, and 46.76% of browser extensions carry permissions sufficient to perform account takeover — none of it visible from the endpoint, network, or email layer.",{"data":29770,"content":29771,"nodeType":1312},{},[29772],{"data":29773,"marks":29774,"value":29776,"nodeType":864},{},[29775],{"type":899},"Push detects high-fidelity attacker TTPs, not low-level IoCs",{"data":29778,"content":29779,"nodeType":860},{},[29780],{"data":29781,"marks":29782,"value":29783,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's browser extension operates as a flight recorder inside the session, capturing every page load, credential submission, OAuth consent flow, and user action in real time. That telemetry surfaces attacker behavior — the page structure and script signatures of AiTM kits, the clipboard mechanics of ClickFix, the OAuth flow characteristics of ConsentFix — rather than infrastructure indicators that attackers rotate in minutes. This is how Push intercepts “zero-day” phishing using fresh infrastructure and domains every time, while most solutions are stuck playing known-bad whac-a-mole. ",{"data":29785,"content":29789,"nodeType":996},{"target":29786},{"sys":29787},{"id":29788,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ho5gOHl1loo9Jtv9nPoq1",[],{"data":29791,"content":29792,"nodeType":1312},{},[29793],{"data":29794,"marks":29795,"value":29797,"nodeType":864},{},[29796],{"type":899},"Push’s research and agentic threat hunting keeps you ahead of attacker innovation",{"data":29799,"content":29800,"nodeType":860},{},[29801,29805,29811,29814,29820,29824,29830],{"data":29802,"marks":29803,"value":29804,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push named ",{"data":29806,"content":29807,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7291},[29808],{"data":29809,"marks":29810,"value":7296,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29812,"marks":29813,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29815,"content":29816,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7279},[29817],{"data":29818,"marks":29819,"value":7284,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29821,"marks":29822,"value":29823,"nodeType":864},{},[]," before any other vendor detected either in production. That research feeds an ",{"data":29825,"content":29826,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8435},[29827],{"data":29828,"marks":29829,"value":12110,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29831,"marks":29832,"value":29833,"nodeType":864},{},[]," built on two learning loops — an inner loop for real-time detection of known techniques, and an outer loop where autonomous agents continuously hunt across 3 million deployed browsers for emerging threats, writing new detections and deploying them to customer environments in minutes. ",{"data":29835,"content":29839,"nodeType":996},{"target":29836},{"sys":29837},{"id":29838,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"17y3jchoPysKQTf2ra59Bv",[],{"data":29841,"content":29842,"nodeType":1312},{},[29843],{"data":29844,"marks":29845,"value":29847,"nodeType":864},{},[29846],{"type":899},"Push solves more use cases than just stopping advanced attacks",{"data":29849,"content":29850,"nodeType":860},{},[29851,29855,29862],{"data":29852,"marks":29853,"value":29854,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses the same browser-layer visibility to surface every AI tool, agentic browser, extension, and OAuth integration in use across the organization — and enforce policy on what employees can do inside them in real time, including unsanctioned tools no other layer sees. The same technical capabilities provided by Push also harden the identity attack surface, prevent data loss, accelerate insider investigations, and let security teams write custom detections and policies for organization-specific risks. One extension, one deployment, ",{"data":29856,"content":29857,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16169},[29858],{"data":29859,"marks":29860,"value":29861,"nodeType":864},{},[],"multiple high-value use cases",{"data":29863,"marks":29864,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29866,"content":29867,"nodeType":1312},{},[29868],{"data":29869,"marks":29870,"value":29872,"nodeType":864},{},[29871],{"type":899},"Push is built to be operationalized at scale, not just demoed",{"data":29874,"content":29875,"nodeType":860},{},[29876,29880,29887],{"data":29877,"marks":29878,"value":29879,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push deploys to ",{"data":29881,"content":29882,"nodeType":883},{"uri":16203},[29883],{"data":29884,"marks":29885,"value":29886,"nodeType":864},{},[],"100,000 users in under one hour on a normal workday",{"data":29888,"marks":29889,"value":29890,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — no migration overhead or performance impact. The false positive rate is negligible, meaning no alert noise and no policy tuning overhead. And because Push is independent, it integrates into open ecosystems — feeding browser-layer telemetry into your SIEM, XDR, SOAR, and identity tools alongside the rest of your stack, without adding to your platform lock-in.",{"data":29892,"content":29893,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29895,"content":29896,"nodeType":1009},{},[29897],{"data":29898,"marks":29899,"value":29901,"nodeType":864},{},[29900],{"type":899},"Final thoughts",{"data":29903,"content":29904,"nodeType":860},{},[29905],{"data":29906,"marks":29907,"value":29908,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Three acquisitions in five months is a strong market signal, but a strong market signal about vendor interest in a category is not the same thing as a strong signal about capability. The attacker techniques and tooling behind breaches in 2026 are evolving faster than any acquired product with split engineering priorities can reasonably track. ",{"data":29910,"content":29911,"nodeType":860},{},[29912],{"data":29913,"marks":29914,"value":29915,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security buyers who accept a bundled browser solution because it is included in an existing contract are making a procurement decision, not a security decision. The threats in the browser are serious and sophisticated enough to justify the investment in a tool built to stop them. If you agree, Push is worth a serious look.",{"data":29917,"content":29918,"nodeType":860},{},[29919,29922,29929],{"data":29920,"marks":29921,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29923,"content":29924,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[29925],{"data":29926,"marks":29927,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[29928],{"type":1455},{"data":29930,"marks":29931,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":29933},{"hyperlink":29934,"inline":29935,"block":29936},[],[],[29937,29955],{"sys":29938,"__typename":1740,"content":29939,"name":29954,"title":59},{"id":29788},{"json":29940},{"nodeType":856,"data":29941,"content":29942},{},[29943],{"nodeType":860,"data":29944,"content":29945},{},[29946,29951],{"nodeType":864,"value":29947,"marks":29948,"data":29950},"In a 30-day POV at a ~4,500-employee financial services organization with a mature existing stack, Push detected 6 ClickFix attacks and 10 AiTM phishing attempts that were invisible to every other tool in place",[29949],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":2924,"marks":29952,"data":29953},[],{},"Best of breed blog IB1",{"sys":29956,"__typename":1740,"content":29957,"name":29987,"title":59},{"id":29838},{"json":29958},{"nodeType":856,"data":29959,"content":29960},{},[29961],{"nodeType":860,"data":29962,"content":29963},{},[29964,29968,29974,29978,29983],{"nodeType":864,"value":29965,"marks":29966,"data":29967},"Our ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":29969,"content":29970},{"uri":8435},[29971],{"nodeType":864,"value":8440,"marks":29972,"data":29973},[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":29975,"marks":29976,"data":29977}," has ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":29979,"marks":29980,"data":29982},"tripled the new detections shipped per month",[29981],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":29984,"marks":29985,"data":29986}," — and as a dedicated browser security vendor, that's where every research dollar goes. When attackers are harnessing AI to develop tooling, deploy and tear-down infrastructure, and operate campaigns at scale, this capability is essential to stay ahead of the increased volume and variation in threats that users are encountering in the browser. ",[],{},"Best of breed blog IB2",{"items":29989},[],{},"The case for best-of-breed browser security","2026-05-19T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":29994},[29995,30775,31496],{"__typename":2059,"sys":29996,"content":29998,"title":30762,"synopsis":30763,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":27778,"slug":30764,"tagsCollection":30765,"authorsCollection":30771},{"id":29997},"2V130uMePtxAaefYQAKInb",{"json":29999},{"data":30000,"content":30001,"nodeType":856},{},[30002,30008,30015,30022,30029,30032,30040,30047,30059,30071,30076,30083,30086,30094,30101,30107,30114,30121,30229,30236,30239,30247,30254,30317,30333,30339,30346,30349,30357,30364,30372,30379,30386,30416,30423,30431,30438,30445,30452,30460,30467,30474,30481,30484,30492,30504,30511,30518,30526,30533,30540,30548,30555,30618,30634,30652,30660,30667,30675,30682,30689,30696,30702,30710,30717,30724,30729,30736,30743,30750,30756],{"data":30003,"content":30007,"nodeType":996},{"target":30004},{"sys":30005},{"id":30006,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5CPZ96xixlhgh6oqQ2rfmO",[],{"data":30009,"content":30010,"nodeType":860},{},[30011],{"data":30012,"marks":30013,"value":30014,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a security team evaluates browser security solutions, they're usually asking the right question: “How do we protect our users as they work in the browser?”",{"data":30016,"content":30017,"nodeType":860},{},[30018],{"data":30019,"marks":30020,"value":30021,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the answer they get from many vendors is shaped by a fundamentally different threat model — one that treats the browser as a piece of software to be hardened against exploitation, rather than as the arena where your users’ identities get stolen.",{"data":30023,"content":30024,"nodeType":860},{},[30025],{"data":30026,"marks":30027,"value":30028,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This distinction has enormous consequences for your security posture and the return you can expect from your investment in a new solution.",{"data":30030,"content":30031,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":30033,"content":30034,"nodeType":1009},{},[30035],{"data":30036,"marks":30037,"value":30039,"nodeType":864},{},[30038],{"type":899},"Two different problems, dressed the same",{"data":30041,"content":30042,"nodeType":860},{},[30043],{"data":30044,"marks":30045,"value":30046,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When it comes to protecting users as they work in the browser, security tools typically fall into one of two camps:",{"data":30048,"content":30049,"nodeType":860},{},[30050,30055],{"data":30051,"marks":30052,"value":30054,"nodeType":864},{},[30053],{"type":899},"The first camp:",{"data":30056,"marks":30057,"value":30058,"nodeType":864},{},[]," represented by solutions like Seraphic (now CrowdStrike) — is built around the threat of attacking the browser itself. The architecture is designed to scramble the browser’s JavaScript runtime and prevent exploits from detonating and breaking out of the browser sandbox. This is browser hardening: defending the browser as software against exploitation by attackers who want to compromise the underlying device.",{"data":30060,"content":30061,"nodeType":860},{},[30062,30067],{"data":30063,"marks":30064,"value":30066,"nodeType":864},{},[30065],{"type":899},"The second camp:",{"data":30068,"marks":30069,"value":30070,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and the one Push Security occupies uniquely, focuses on what happens inside the browser when a user is working normally. Phishing pages harvesting credentials. Session tokens being stolen. Malicious OAuth applications being granted access through social engineering. Adversary-in-the-middle proxies intercepting authentication flows. These attacks don't exploit the browser. They exploit the human — and now agents — using it via the browser's legitimate capabilities (think of it as LOTL, browser edition).",{"data":30072,"content":30075,"nodeType":996},{"target":30073},{"sys":30074},{"id":7150,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":30077,"content":30078,"nodeType":860},{},[30079],{"data":30080,"marks":30081,"value":30082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The question for any security team evaluating this space: which of these threat models presents the greatest risks to my organization?",{"data":30084,"content":30085,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":30087,"content":30088,"nodeType":1009},{},[30089],{"data":30090,"marks":30091,"value":30093,"nodeType":864},{},[30092],{"type":899},"How organizations are actually being breached",{"data":30095,"content":30096,"nodeType":860},{},[30097],{"data":30098,"marks":30099,"value":30100,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let's look at the major breach campaigns of the last three years without the marketing filter and a pattern emerges immediately. Scattered Spider and its successors breached MGM Resorts, Caesars, M&S, JLR, and Salesforce customers — not through browser exploits, but through social engineering, phishing and Adversary-in-the-Middle attacks that stole session tokens and SSO credentials. ",{"data":30102,"content":30106,"nodeType":996},{"target":30103},{"sys":30104},{"id":30105,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2qIMTiyyIsQFAyGJ9Ikyej",[],{"data":30108,"content":30109,"nodeType":860},{},[30110],{"data":30111,"marks":30112,"value":30113,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In every case, the attack happened in the browser — using stolen identities to log into legitimate cloud services — not on the browser through exploitation of the browser engine itself.",{"data":30115,"content":30116,"nodeType":860},{},[30117],{"data":30118,"marks":30119,"value":30120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The data from major threat intelligence sources is unambiguous:",{"data":30122,"content":30123,"nodeType":941},{},[30124,30142,30161,30180,30199,30214],{"data":30125,"content":30126,"nodeType":945},{},[30127],{"data":30128,"content":30129,"nodeType":860},{},[30130,30134,30138],{"data":30131,"marks":30132,"value":30133,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity weaknesses played a material role in ",{"data":30135,"marks":30136,"value":29477,"nodeType":864},{},[30137],{"type":899},{"data":30139,"marks":30140,"value":30141,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 IR Report)",{"data":30143,"content":30144,"nodeType":945},{},[30145],{"data":30146,"content":30147,"nodeType":860},{},[30148,30152,30157],{"data":30149,"marks":30150,"value":30151,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credential abuse and phishing combined accounted for ",{"data":30153,"marks":30154,"value":30156,"nodeType":864},{},[30155],{"type":899},"38% of all breaches",{"data":30158,"marks":30159,"value":30160,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making identity the single largest breach vector (Verizon DBIR 2025)",{"data":30162,"content":30163,"nodeType":945},{},[30164],{"data":30165,"content":30166,"nodeType":860},{},[30167,30171,30176],{"data":30168,"marks":30169,"value":30170,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloud-conscious intrusions — attackers using stolen identities to access cloud services — rose ",{"data":30172,"marks":30173,"value":30175,"nodeType":864},{},[30174],{"type":899},"37% in 2025",{"data":30177,"marks":30178,"value":30179,"nodeType":864},{},[],", up 266% among state-nexus actors (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report)",{"data":30181,"content":30182,"nodeType":945},{},[30183],{"data":30184,"content":30185,"nodeType":860},{},[30186,30190,30195],{"data":30187,"marks":30188,"value":30189,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In cloud-related incidents, identity issues drove initial access in ",{"data":30191,"marks":30192,"value":30194,"nodeType":864},{},[30193],{"type":899},"83% of cases",{"data":30196,"marks":30197,"value":30198,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (Mandiant / Google Cloud Threat Horizons H1 2026)",{"data":30200,"content":30201,"nodeType":945},{},[30202],{"data":30203,"content":30204,"nodeType":860},{},[30205,30210],{"data":30206,"marks":30207,"value":30209,"nodeType":864},{},[30208],{"type":899},"82% of attack detections are now malware-free",{"data":30211,"marks":30212,"value":30213,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — they don't touch the endpoint and abuse legitimate access and functionality (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report)",{"data":30215,"content":30216,"nodeType":945},{},[30217],{"data":30218,"content":30219,"nodeType":860},{},[30220,30225],{"data":30221,"marks":30222,"value":30224,"nodeType":864},{},[30223],{"type":899},"49% of organizations",{"data":30226,"marks":30227,"value":30228,"nodeType":864},{},[]," suffered a successful browser-based attack in the last 12 months (Omdia 2026)",{"data":30230,"content":30231,"nodeType":860},{},[30232],{"data":30233,"marks":30234,"value":30235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These aren't edge cases. This is now the primary attack playbook.",{"data":30237,"content":30238,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":30240,"content":30241,"nodeType":1312},{},[30242],{"data":30243,"marks":30244,"value":30246,"nodeType":864},{},[30245],{"type":899},"The economics of attack choice",{"data":30248,"content":30249,"nodeType":860},{},[30250],{"data":30251,"marks":30252,"value":30253,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are rational actors. They pick the cheapest, most reliable path to their objective. The economics of browser exploitation versus identity theft tell the whole story:",{"data":30255,"content":30256,"nodeType":941},{},[30257,30272,30287,30302],{"data":30258,"content":30259,"nodeType":945},{},[30260],{"data":30261,"content":30262,"nodeType":860},{},[30263,30267],{"data":30264,"marks":30265,"value":30266,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Chrome sandbox RCE exploit (bug bounty value): ",{"data":30268,"marks":30269,"value":30271,"nodeType":864},{},[30270],{"type":899},"$250,000",{"data":30273,"content":30274,"nodeType":945},{},[30275],{"data":30276,"content":30277,"nodeType":860},{},[30278,30282],{"data":30279,"marks":30280,"value":30281,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IAB-provided IdP admin account: ",{"data":30283,"marks":30284,"value":30286,"nodeType":864},{},[30285],{"type":899},"~$3,000",{"data":30288,"content":30289,"nodeType":945},{},[30290],{"data":30291,"content":30292,"nodeType":860},{},[30293,30297],{"data":30294,"marks":30295,"value":30296,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1-year phishing kit rental (PhaaS): ",{"data":30298,"marks":30299,"value":30301,"nodeType":864},{},[30300],{"type":899},"~$1,000",{"data":30303,"content":30304,"nodeType":945},{},[30305],{"data":30306,"content":30307,"nodeType":860},{},[30308,30312],{"data":30309,"marks":30310,"value":30311,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Bulk stolen credential list: ",{"data":30313,"marks":30314,"value":30316,"nodeType":864},{},[30315],{"type":899},"~$15",{"data":30318,"content":30319,"nodeType":860},{},[30320,30324,30329],{"data":30321,"marks":30322,"value":30323,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser zero-days accounted for just ",{"data":30325,"marks":30326,"value":30328,"nodeType":864},{},[30327],{"type":899},"9% of all zero-days reported to Google in 2025",{"data":30330,"marks":30331,"value":30332,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — described by Google's own researchers as a \"historic low.\" Chrome's sandbox architecture, site isolation, and hardware-backed security features are the result of years of sustained hardening investment. When a browser vulnerability is discovered, Google typically deploys a patch within days.",{"data":30334,"content":30338,"nodeType":996},{"target":30335},{"sys":30336},{"id":30337,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5XWKHTT5J06yWcgZIOL95t",[],{"data":30340,"content":30341,"nodeType":860},{},[30342],{"data":30343,"marks":30344,"value":30345,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The bottom line: browser exploits are extraordinarily expensive to develop, increasingly difficult to execute reliably against a hardened modern browser, and patched rapidly when discovered. In sharp contrast, identity attacks are cheap to run, highly scalable, and have a low technical barrier to adoption — that’s why they’re responsible for the overwhelming majority of enterprise breaches. Attackers have voted with their resources.",{"data":30347,"content":30348,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":30350,"content":30351,"nodeType":1009},{},[30352],{"data":30353,"marks":30354,"value":30356,"nodeType":864},{},[30355],{"type":899},"What you're actually buying with each vendor",{"data":30358,"content":30359,"nodeType":860},{},[30360],{"data":30361,"marks":30362,"value":30363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Understanding the core architectural choice each vendor has made helps decode what their solution can and cannot protect you from.",{"data":30365,"content":30366,"nodeType":1312},{},[30367],{"data":30368,"marks":30369,"value":30371,"nodeType":864},{},[30370],{"type":899},"Seraphic (CrowdStrike)",{"data":30373,"content":30374,"nodeType":860},{},[30375],{"data":30376,"marks":30377,"value":30378,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Seraphic's architecture is built to inject into the browser's JavaScript runtime at the OS layer, scrambling browser internals to prevent exploits from executing. This is a technically sophisticated approach to a technically interesting problem that is, by every threat intelligence measure, not the problem causing enterprise breaches at scale.",{"data":30380,"content":30381,"nodeType":860},{},[30382],{"data":30383,"marks":30384,"value":30385,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Beyond the threat model mismatch, there are structural concerns with the approach itself. Injecting an agent into the browser's JS runtime is a technique with well-documented stability consequences. This is the same approach antivirus vendors have used for years, often at the cost of system stability. Seraphic now runs alongside the CrowdStrike Falcon sensor on managed devices, combining two heavyweight agents on the same machine. For any organization with CrowdStrike already deployed, the question isn't theoretical: how has that combination been validated in production environments?",{"data":30387,"content":30388,"nodeType":860},{},[30389,30393,30400,30404,30412],{"data":30390,"marks":30391,"value":30392,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There's also the managed-device limitation. Seraphic requires a kernel-level agent, which means it loses meaningful capability on unmanaged devices, BYOD machines, and contractor endpoints. This is not a niche concern: according to ",{"data":30394,"content":30395,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[30396],{"data":30397,"marks":30398,"value":30399,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Omdia's 2026 browser security survey",{"data":30401,"marks":30402,"value":30403,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 32% of users access corporate applications from unmanaged devices at least occasionally. Agent-based solutions are blind to nearly a third of your actual attack surface by design. The Okta breach began on a support engineer's personal device, where ",{"data":30405,"content":30406,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24106},[30407],{"data":30408,"marks":30409,"value":30411,"nodeType":864},{},[30410],{"type":1455},"corporate credentials had synced",{"data":30413,"marks":30414,"value":30415,"nodeType":864},{},[]," via Chrome's built-in profile sync. No agent, no visibility.",{"data":30417,"content":30418,"nodeType":860},{},[30419],{"data":30420,"marks":30421,"value":30422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Teams evaluating Seraphic today are also buying into an integration roadmap, not a shipped capability. The acquisition by CrowdStrike closed in early 2026. The work of wiring browser telemetry into Falcon Fusion and correlating it with endpoint signals is currently a promise, not a production feature.",{"data":30424,"content":30425,"nodeType":1312},{},[30426],{"data":30427,"marks":30428,"value":30430,"nodeType":864},{},[30429],{"type":899},"SquareX (Zscaler)",{"data":30432,"content":30433,"nodeType":860},{},[30434],{"data":30435,"marks":30436,"value":30437,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SquareX's core capability is sandboxing suspicious file downloads inside disposable browser containers before they reach the endpoint. This is a legitimate approach to a real but declining problem. 82% of attack detections are now malware-free (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report) — attacks don't arrive as files to be sandboxed, they arrive as authenticated sessions. And the delivery channel shift makes the picture even starker: across Push's customer base, 1 in 3 phishing payloads are now delivered outside of email entirely — via social media, ads, and messaging platforms — and 4 in 5 ClickFix payloads arrive through search engines, not email. The threat that SquareX was architecturally designed to address is a shrinking share of the actual attack surface, and it's shrinking fast.",{"data":30439,"content":30440,"nodeType":860},{},[30441],{"data":30442,"marks":30443,"value":30444,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Zscaler already has sandboxing built into ZIA. For an existing Zscaler customer evaluating SquareX, the honest question is: what does this add beyond some extension analysis capability and what you already have? The AiTM phishing campaign that stole your user's credentials and accessed your cloud applications generates no malicious file, triggers no sandbox, and produces no network signal for Zscaler's traffic inspection to catch — because it happened entirely inside a browser session using legitimate authentication flows.",{"data":30446,"content":30447,"nodeType":860},{},[30448],{"data":30449,"marks":30450,"value":30451,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The acquisition also raises product focus questions. Being absorbed into a network-centric platform means SquareX is now optimized for Zscaler's priorities, not for standalone browser detection and response. Teams that care about investigation, threat hunting, and incident response should ask specifically what SquareX adds in those workflows under Zscaler ownership.",{"data":30453,"content":30454,"nodeType":1312},{},[30455],{"data":30456,"marks":30457,"value":30459,"nodeType":864},{},[30458],{"type":899},"LayerX",{"data":30461,"content":30462,"nodeType":860},{},[30463],{"data":30464,"marks":30465,"value":30466,"nodeType":864},{},[],"LayerX is primarily a policy enforcement and risk scoring platform focused on internal governance — controlling which applications employees access, what data moves through the browser, and whether behavior complies with internal rules.",{"data":30468,"content":30469,"nodeType":860},{},[30470],{"data":30471,"marks":30472,"value":30473,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security covers that ground too. Push provides full visibility over AI tool usage, shadow SaaS, unmanaged identities, and data loss vectors — including sensitive data submitted through AI prompts, file uploads to personal cloud destinations, and OAuth grants to third-party applications. The same browser telemetry that detects external attacks also surfaces insider risks and powers DLP controls and compliance audit evidence, all from a single extension.",{"data":30475,"content":30476,"nodeType":860},{},[30477],{"data":30478,"marks":30479,"value":30480,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The critical difference is that Push goes significantly further. Where LayerX scores risk and enforces policy, Push detects active external attack techniques in real time: AiTM phishing kits as they execute, session tokens being stolen, ClickFix lures through behavioral analysis of page structure. These are the attacks causing the most damaging breaches today, and they don't surface on a risk score until after the damage is done. Push addresses both the governance problem and the external threat problem from the same platform. LayerX addresses only the first.",{"data":30482,"content":30483,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":30485,"content":30486,"nodeType":1009},{},[30487],{"data":30488,"marks":30489,"value":30491,"nodeType":864},{},[30490],{"type":899},"Securing the organization via the browser: Push Security",{"data":30493,"content":30494,"nodeType":860},{},[30495,30500],{"data":30496,"marks":30497,"value":30499,"nodeType":864},{},[30498],{"type":899},"Push Security is built on a different architectural premise:",{"data":30501,"marks":30502,"value":30503,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the browser is not primarily a piece of software to harden against exploitation. It is the primary workplace, the primary SaaS access point, and the arena where the majority of modern identity attacks play out. The goal is to secure the organization via the browser — not just to secure the browser itself.",{"data":30505,"content":30506,"nodeType":860},{},[30507],{"data":30508,"marks":30509,"value":30510,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means Push's detection surface is built around the attacks that are actually causing breaches: adversary-in-the-middle phishing, ClickFix and its many variants, credential stuffing against shadow identities, session token theft and replay, OAuth consent abuse, and the full spectrum of identity-based initial access techniques that dominate the modern threat landscape.",{"data":30512,"content":30513,"nodeType":860},{},[30514],{"data":30515,"marks":30516,"value":30517,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The deployment model reflects the threat model. Push deploys as a lightweight browser extension — no kernel-level agent, no device dependency, no migration to a new browser. It works on managed and unmanaged devices, across every traditional, enterprise and AI browser where employees are doing work and attackers are targeting them. The operational overhead is minimal by design: Push has been deployed to 100,000 users in under one hour during normal business hours.",{"data":30519,"content":30520,"nodeType":1312},{},[30521],{"data":30522,"marks":30523,"value":30525,"nodeType":864},{},[30524],{"type":899},"Detection philosophy: targeting what attackers can't change",{"data":30527,"content":30528,"nodeType":860},{},[30529],{"data":30530,"marks":30531,"value":30532,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push's detection approach targets attacker TTPs rather than indicators of compromise that attackers can rotate in minutes. 95% of attacks detected by Push used some form of bot protection service — meaning the specific domain and IP were deliberately obscured. If your primary detection relies on blocklists, recent reports tell us that 89% of phishing domains will evade you: because they're active for less than two days, they can be spun up, down, and replaced faster than blocklists can keep up.",{"data":30534,"content":30535,"nodeType":860},{},[30536],{"data":30537,"marks":30538,"value":30539,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Behavioral detection of the attack technique — the AiTM relay structure, the credential entry on a cloned login page, the anomalous session context — remains valid regardless of what domain the attack is hosted on or which PhaaS kit was used to build it.",{"data":30541,"content":30542,"nodeType":1312},{},[30543],{"data":30544,"marks":30545,"value":30547,"nodeType":864},{},[30546],{"type":899},"Measuring the identity attack surface (it's bigger than you realize)",{"data":30549,"content":30550,"nodeType":860},{},[30551],{"data":30552,"marks":30553,"value":30554,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because Push has visibility into actual login behavior across thousands of organizations, it can quantify the attack surface that identity-based attacks exploit. Of the last million logins observed by Push:",{"data":30556,"content":30557,"nodeType":941},{},[30558,30573,30588,30603],{"data":30559,"content":30560,"nodeType":945},{},[30561],{"data":30562,"content":30563,"nodeType":860},{},[30564,30569],{"data":30565,"marks":30566,"value":30568,"nodeType":864},{},[30567],{"type":899},"15 corporate identities were identified per employee",{"data":30570,"marks":30571,"value":30572,"nodeType":864},{},[]," used to access cloud apps",{"data":30574,"content":30575,"nodeType":945},{},[30576],{"data":30577,"content":30578,"nodeType":860},{},[30579,30584],{"data":30580,"marks":30581,"value":30583,"nodeType":864},{},[30582],{"type":899},"1 in 4",{"data":30585,"marks":30586,"value":30587,"nodeType":864},{},[]," were password logins, not SSO",{"data":30589,"content":30590,"nodeType":945},{},[30591],{"data":30592,"content":30593,"nodeType":860},{},[30594,30599],{"data":30595,"marks":30596,"value":30598,"nodeType":864},{},[30597],{"type":899},"2 in 5",{"data":30600,"marks":30601,"value":30602,"nodeType":864},{},[]," were not protected by MFA",{"data":30604,"content":30605,"nodeType":945},{},[30606],{"data":30607,"content":30608,"nodeType":860},{},[30609,30614],{"data":30610,"marks":30611,"value":30613,"nodeType":864},{},[30612],{"type":899},"1 in 5",{"data":30615,"marks":30616,"value":30617,"nodeType":864},{},[]," used a weak, breached, or reused password",{"data":30619,"content":30620,"nodeType":860},{},[30621,30625,30630],{"data":30622,"marks":30623,"value":30624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And it's not just login hygiene. Across Push's customer base, ",{"data":30626,"marks":30627,"value":30629,"nodeType":864},{},[30628],{"type":899},"46%+ of browser extensions in corporate environments have the permission combinations required for direct account takeover via session theft if they are malicious or compromised by an attacker",{"data":30631,"marks":30632,"value":30633,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Most organizations have no inventory of what's running in their employees' browsers, let alone visibility into what those extensions can access.",{"data":30635,"content":30636,"nodeType":860},{},[30637,30641,30648],{"data":30638,"marks":30639,"value":30640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These aren't theoretical vulnerabilities. They're the specific weaknesses that browser-native identity attacks are designed to exploit. ",{"data":30642,"content":30643,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},[30644],{"data":30645,"marks":30646,"value":30647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This visibility turns browser security from a reactive posture into a proactive one",{"data":30649,"marks":30650,"value":30651,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — you can see and remediate the identity weaknesses before an attacker exploits them, not just detect the attack while it's in progress.",{"data":30653,"content":30654,"nodeType":1312},{},[30655],{"data":30656,"marks":30657,"value":30659,"nodeType":864},{},[30658],{"type":899},"The ROI case",{"data":30661,"content":30662,"nodeType":860},{},[30663],{"data":30664,"marks":30665,"value":30666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The ROI question for any security investment is: what quantum of real risk does this tool address, at what cost in money and operational friction?",{"data":30668,"content":30669,"nodeType":860},{},[30670],{"data":30671,"marks":30672,"value":30674,"nodeType":864},{},[30673],{"type":899},"That calculation looks very different depending on your threat model.",{"data":30676,"content":30677,"nodeType":860},{},[30678],{"data":30679,"marks":30680,"value":30681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A solution focused on browser engine exploits and sandbox escapes is defending against an attack category that represents a tiny fraction of actual enterprise breaches, requires extraordinary attacker resources to execute, and is increasingly mitigated by browser vendors themselves through hardening and rapid patching. Chrome's automatic update cycle means that even when a browser vulnerability is discovered and disclosed, it is typically in front of users as a patch within days. The defenders here are Google, Mozilla, and Microsoft — with multi-billion dollar security teams and full access to the browser internals.",{"data":30683,"content":30684,"nodeType":860},{},[30685],{"data":30686,"marks":30687,"value":30688,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A solution focused on identity attacks via the browser — phishing, credential theft, session hijacking, OAuth abuse, malicious browser extensions — is defending against the primary cause of enterprise breaches, one that is accelerating (cloud-conscious intrusions up 37% in 2025, browser-based attacks increasing at 68% of organizations over the past two years per Omdia) and increasingly automated through PhaaS infrastructure that gives low-skill attackers enterprise-grade capability for $1,000 a year.",{"data":30690,"content":30691,"nodeType":860},{},[30692],{"data":30693,"marks":30694,"value":30695,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There's also a forward-looking dimension. The threat landscape isn't moving toward more browser exploitation. It's moving further into identity abuse. AI-powered phishing lowers the social engineering barrier. Agentic browsers will automate credential stuffing and account takeover at a scale that wasn't previously possible. And attackers are already adapting to authentication improvements: device code phishing has increased 37x since the start of 2026, a technique specifically designed to circumvent passkeys by bypassing the authentication flow entirely — the attacker never encounters a login page. The investment in identity-centric browser detection compounds over time as the attack surface evolves in the same direction.",{"data":30697,"content":30701,"nodeType":996},{"target":30698},{"sys":30699},{"id":30700,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"cQ6WPV2NMYvDMZXifqzK1",[],{"data":30703,"content":30704,"nodeType":1312},{},[30705],{"data":30706,"marks":30707,"value":30709,"nodeType":864},{},[30708],{"type":899},"The verdict",{"data":30711,"content":30712,"nodeType":860},{},[30713],{"data":30714,"marks":30715,"value":30716,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser security is a real and growing priority — according to Omdia Research, it is now a top-five priority for 88% of security leaders and the top priority for 26% of them. 85% expect their browser security spending to increase over the next 12–24 months. The question isn't whether to invest. It's what to invest in.",{"data":30718,"content":30719,"nodeType":860},{},[30720],{"data":30721,"marks":30722,"value":30723,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is where your users work, where attackers target them, and where the identity attacks causing the majority of enterprise breaches play out. But not all browser security investments address the same problem.",{"data":30725,"content":30728,"nodeType":996},{"target":30726},{"sys":30727},{"id":16127,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":30730,"content":30731,"nodeType":860},{},[30732],{"data":30733,"marks":30734,"value":30735,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Solutions like Seraphic are built to defend against a browser being exploited by an attacker trying to break out of the sandbox — an attack that represents a historic low as a share of enterprise incidents, and one that Google's own hardening and rapid patching increasingly mitigates automatically. SquareX is built around malware sandboxing — a legitimate but declining share of the initial access landscape, and a capability Zscaler's existing customers already partially have. LayerX focuses on internal governance rather than external threats.",{"data":30737,"content":30738,"nodeType":860},{},[30739],{"data":30740,"marks":30741,"value":30742,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is built to defend against the attacks that are behind the major breaches hitting the headlines: identity theft, credential abuse, session hijacking, and the full identity attack kill chain that plays out inside the browser every time an attacker logs in as your user. Every major threat intelligence report points to these as the primary breach vectors. The economics of attack choice guarantee they'll remain so.",{"data":30744,"content":30745,"nodeType":860},{},[30746],{"data":30747,"marks":30748,"value":30749,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The security team that deploys Push gets the greatest coverage of the highest-impact threats, on managed and unmanaged devices, with the lightest operational footprint. That is the browser security investment that moves the needle on real organizational risk — not the browser security investment that defends the software nobody's actually attacking.",{"data":30751,"content":30755,"nodeType":996},{"target":30752},{"sys":30753},{"id":30754,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3a2sEWgWKZulGLCFfODwk0",[],{"data":30757,"content":30758,"nodeType":860},{},[30759],{"data":30760,"marks":30761,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How to avoid the browser security buyer's trap","Securing the browser vs. securing the organization via the browser — what's the 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It didn't require lateral movement because there was nothing to move laterally through. It didn't require privilege escalation because they directly compromised a global administrator account. Every device managed by Intune was already within reach.",{"data":40580,"content":40581,"nodeType":860},{},[40582],{"data":40583,"marks":40584,"value":40585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The traditional network-centric kill chain collapses into: compromise identity, access management plane, execute objective.",{"data":40587,"content":40588,"nodeType":860},{},[40589],{"data":40590,"marks":40591,"value":40592,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is not specific to Iran-aligned actors. Russian groups are leveraging AITM phishing kits and abusing Microsoft 365 OAuth tokens via consent attacks. Scattered Spider built an operational model around social engineering and SSO account takeover. And now Handala has demonstrated that a nation-state destructive operation can be executed entirely by abusing legitimate enterprise tooling.",{"data":40594,"content":40595,"nodeType":860},{},[40596],{"data":40597,"marks":40598,"value":40599,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This kind of attack is more direct, faster to execute, and carries a significantly lower barrier to entry. You don't need custom malware and exploit development when you can log in using as-a-Service kits or partner with an access brokering specialist.",{"data":40601,"content":40602,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":40604,"content":40605,"nodeType":1009},{},[40606],{"data":40607,"marks":40608,"value":40610,"nodeType":864},{},[40609],{"type":899},"The big picture of Iranian cyber TTPs",{"data":40612,"content":40613,"nodeType":860},{},[40614,40618,40626],{"data":40615,"marks":40616,"value":40617,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Iran's offensive cyber capability is split between two rival intelligence bureaucracies. The Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) runs groups like APT34, MuddyWater, Scarred Manticore, and Void Manticore (Handala), which tend toward long-dwell espionage and coordinated destructive operations, often using a ",{"data":40619,"content":40621,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40620},"https://research.checkpoint.com/2024/bad-karma-no-justice-void-manticore-destructive-activities-in-israel/",[40622],{"data":40623,"marks":40624,"value":40625,"nodeType":864},{},[],"documented dual-actor handoff model",{"data":40627,"marks":40628,"value":40629,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where Scarred Manticore conducts stealthy espionage before handing targets to Void Manticore (Handala) for destruction.",{"data":40631,"content":40632,"nodeType":860},{},[40633],{"data":40634,"marks":40635,"value":40636,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) runs a wider set of groups, including APT33/Peach Sandstorm, APT35/Charming Kitten, APT42, Tortoiseshell/Imperial Kitten, Cotton Sandstorm, and CyberAv3ngers. IRGC groups cover espionage, destructive attacks, influence operations, election interference, ICS targeting across U.S. water and wastewater facilities), and individual surveillance.",{"data":40638,"content":40639,"nodeType":1312},{},[40640],{"data":40641,"marks":40642,"value":40644,"nodeType":864},{},[40643],{"type":899},"IRGC groups have already shifted to identity-first TTPs",{"data":40646,"content":40647,"nodeType":860},{},[40648],{"data":40649,"marks":40650,"value":40651,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the IRGC side, the shift toward identity-centric operations is well-documented:",{"data":40653,"content":40654,"nodeType":941},{},[40655,40706,40744,40771],{"data":40656,"content":40657,"nodeType":945},{},[40658],{"data":40659,"content":40660,"nodeType":860},{},[40661,40666,40670,40678,40682,40690,40694,40702],{"data":40662,"marks":40663,"value":40665,"nodeType":864},{},[40664],{"type":899},"APT33/Peach Sandstorm",{"data":40667,"marks":40668,"value":40669,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shifted decisively toward credential-based initial access starting in early 2023, with Microsoft ",{"data":40671,"content":40673,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40672},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/09/14/peach-sandstorm-password-spray-campaigns-enable-intelligence-collection-at-high-value-targets/",[40674],{"data":40675,"marks":40676,"value":40677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"documenting",{"data":40679,"marks":40680,"value":40681,"nodeType":864},{},[]," large-scale password spray campaigns targeting thousands of organizations, ",{"data":40683,"content":40685,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40684},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/iranian-hackers-breach-defense-orgs-in-password-spray-attacks/",[40686],{"data":40687,"marks":40688,"value":40689,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Golden SAML",{"data":40691,"marks":40692,"value":40693,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks for persistent cloud access, and the use of ",{"data":40695,"content":40697,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40696},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/08/28/peach-sandstorm-deploys-new-custom-tickler-malware-in-long-running-intelligence-gathering-operations/",[40698],{"data":40699,"marks":40700,"value":40701,"nodeType":864},{},[],"fraudulent Azure subscriptions",{"data":40703,"marks":40704,"value":40705,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for C2 infrastructure.",{"data":40707,"content":40708,"nodeType":945},{},[40709],{"data":40710,"content":40711,"nodeType":860},{},[40712,40717,40720,40728,40732,40740],{"data":40713,"marks":40714,"value":40716,"nodeType":864},{},[40715],{"type":899},"APT42",{"data":40718,"marks":40719,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40721,"content":40723,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40722},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/untangling-iran-apt42-operations",[40724],{"data":40725,"marks":40726,"value":40727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"assessed by Mandiant to operate on behalf of the IRGC-IO, ",{"data":40729,"marks":40730,"value":40731,"nodeType":864},{},[],"has made credential harvesting and MFA bypass its core competency, operating almost entirely within cloud environments post-compromise and ",{"data":40733,"content":40735,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40734},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/apt42-charms-cons-compromises",[40736],{"data":40737,"marks":40738,"value":40739,"nodeType":864},{},[],"registering its own Microsoft Authenticator",{"data":40741,"marks":40742,"value":40743,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on compromised accounts for persistent access.",{"data":40745,"content":40746,"nodeType":945},{},[40747],{"data":40748,"content":40749,"nodeType":860},{},[40750,40755,40759,40767],{"data":40751,"marks":40752,"value":40754,"nodeType":864},{},[40753],{"type":899},"APT35",{"data":40756,"marks":40757,"value":40758,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (aka Imperial Kitten/Tortoiseshell) was observed ",{"data":40760,"content":40762,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40761},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report?utm_medium=org",[40763],{"data":40764,"marks":40765,"value":40766,"nodeType":864},{},[],"targeting cloud identities in November 2025",{"data":40768,"marks":40769,"value":40770,"nodeType":864},{},[],", deploying the Evilginx2 AitM toolkit against Microsoft 365 users in Israel.",{"data":40772,"content":40773,"nodeType":945},{},[40774],{"data":40775,"content":40776,"nodeType":860},{},[40777,40782,40786,40793],{"data":40778,"marks":40779,"value":40781,"nodeType":864},{},[40780],{"type":899},"CrustyKrill",{"data":40783,"marks":40784,"value":40785,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (TA455/Smoke Sandstorm) ",{"data":40787,"content":40788,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40761},[40789],{"data":40790,"marks":40791,"value":40792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"uses fake Google Meet and Microsoft Teams pages",{"data":40794,"marks":40795,"value":40796,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with a live operator intercepting 2FA codes in real time, alongside Azure Web Apps for C2.",{"data":40798,"content":40799,"nodeType":860},{},[40800,40804,40812],{"data":40801,"marks":40802,"value":40803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A ",{"data":40805,"content":40807,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40806},"https://media.defense.gov/2024/Oct/16/2003565317/-1/-1/0/CSA-IRAN-CYBER-BRUTE-FORCE-CRITICAL-INFRASTRUCTURE-ORGS.PDF",[40808],{"data":40809,"marks":40810,"value":40811,"nodeType":864},{},[],"joint advisory from six nations",{"data":40813,"marks":40814,"value":40815,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (FBI, CISA, NSA, CSE, AFP, ASD, advisory AA24-290A, October 2024) confirmed the pattern at the government level, documenting Iranian actors using brute force, password spraying, and MFA push bombing to compromise critical infrastructure accounts since October 2023, and assessing that the actors sell this access on cybercriminal forums.",{"data":40817,"content":40818,"nodeType":1312},{},[40819],{"data":40820,"marks":40821,"value":40823,"nodeType":864},{},[40822],{"type":899},"MOIS groups are changing their approach too",{"data":40825,"content":40826,"nodeType":860},{},[40827],{"data":40828,"marks":40829,"value":40830,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the MOIS side, the documented TTP baseline has historically centred on custom malware, network-level persistence, and exploitation of on-premises infrastructure. But identity compromise, particularly credential theft, has been a consistent thread across broader MOIS groups too:",{"data":40832,"content":40833,"nodeType":941},{},[40834,40873,40900,40951],{"data":40835,"content":40836,"nodeType":945},{},[40837],{"data":40838,"content":40839,"nodeType":860},{},[40840,40845,40849,40857,40861,40869],{"data":40841,"marks":40842,"value":40844,"nodeType":864},{},[40843],{"type":899},"APT34 (OilRig) ",{"data":40846,"marks":40847,"value":40848,"nodeType":864},{},[],"built its reputation on DNS tunnelling and custom backdoors, but its initial access methods include spearphishing and fake VPN portals for credential harvesting. Its 2024 campaigns introduced ",{"data":40850,"content":40852,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40851},"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/j/earth-simnavaz-cyberattacks.html",[40853],{"data":40854,"marks":40855,"value":40856,"nodeType":864},{},[],"password filter DLLs",{"data":40858,"marks":40859,"value":40860,"nodeType":864},{},[]," registered at the domain controller level to intercept plaintext credentials during password change events, with the ",{"data":40862,"content":40864,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40863},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/oilrig-hackers-now-exploit-windows-flaw-to-elevate-privileges/",[40865],{"data":40866,"marks":40867,"value":40868,"nodeType":864},{},[],"STEALHOOK backdoor",{"data":40870,"marks":40871,"value":40872,"nodeType":864},{},[]," exfiltrating stolen domain credentials via compromised Exchange servers. Cloud-based downloaders leveraging OneDrive and Microsoft Graph API were active against Israeli targets from 2022 to 2024.",{"data":40874,"content":40875,"nodeType":945},{},[40876],{"data":40877,"content":40878,"nodeType":860},{},[40879,40884,40888,40896],{"data":40880,"marks":40881,"value":40883,"nodeType":864},{},[40882],{"type":899},"APT39 (Chafer) ",{"data":40885,"marks":40886,"value":40887,"nodeType":864},{},[],"operated through the ",{"data":40889,"content":40891,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40890},"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1127",[40892],{"data":40893,"marks":40894,"value":40895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"sanctioned front company Rana Intelligence Computing",{"data":40897,"marks":40898,"value":40899,"nodeType":864},{},[],", focuses on surveillance and tracking of individuals, using credential harvesting through spoofed airline and telecom domains across 30+ countries.",{"data":40901,"content":40902,"nodeType":945},{},[40903],{"data":40904,"content":40905,"nodeType":860},{},[40906,40911,40915,40923,40927,40935,40939,40947],{"data":40907,"marks":40908,"value":40910,"nodeType":864},{},[40909],{"type":899},"MuddyWater",{"data":40912,"marks":40913,"value":40914,"nodeType":864},{},[],", confirmed by a ",{"data":40916,"content":40918,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40917},"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-055a",[40919],{"data":40920,"marks":40921,"value":40922,"nodeType":864},{},[],"joint CISA/FBI/NSA/NCSC advisory",{"data":40924,"marks":40925,"value":40926,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as a subordinate element of MOIS, functions as an initial access broker within the ecosystem. Its operations rely on spearphishing and abuse of legitimate RMM tools, but the group has developed ",{"data":40928,"content":40930,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40929},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/iran-linked-hackers-hits-israeli_2.html",[40931],{"data":40932,"marks":40933,"value":40934,"nodeType":864},{},[],"dedicated credential stealers",{"data":40936,"marks":40937,"value":40938,"nodeType":864},{},[]," including CE-Notes (which bypasses Chrome's app-bound encryption), Blub (a multi-browser credential extractor), and LP-Notes (fake Windows Security dialogs to capture system credentials). A parallel campaign documented by ",{"data":40940,"content":40942,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40941},"https://www.group-ib.com/blog/muddywater-espionage/",[40943],{"data":40944,"marks":40945,"value":40946,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Group-IB",{"data":40948,"marks":40949,"value":40950,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found the group deploying a custom Chromium credential stealer alongside its Phoenix backdoor.",{"data":40952,"content":40953,"nodeType":945},{},[40954],{"data":40955,"content":40956,"nodeType":860},{},[40957,40962],{"data":40958,"marks":40959,"value":40961,"nodeType":864},{},[40960],{"type":899},"Lyceum (Hexane)",{"data":40963,"marks":40964,"value":40965,"nodeType":864},{},[]," overlaps operationally with APT34 and uses password spraying and brute-force attacks for initial access, and notably probed Albanian government infrastructure ahead of Handala destructive attacks in 2022, illustrating the collaborative model across MOIS groups.",{"data":40967,"content":40968,"nodeType":860},{},[40969,40973,40981],{"data":40970,"marks":40971,"value":40972,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Check Point has also ",{"data":40974,"content":40976,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40975},"https://research.checkpoint.com/2026/iranian-mois-actors-the-cyber-crime-connection/",[40977],{"data":40978,"marks":40979,"value":40980,"nodeType":864},{},[],"documented",{"data":40982,"marks":40983,"value":40984,"nodeType":864},{},[]," a broader pattern of MOIS actors engaging directly with the criminal ecosystem, including Handala's adoption of the Rhadamanthys commercial infostealer and Iranian-affiliated operators working through the Qilin ransomware-as-a-service infrastructure.",{"data":40986,"content":40990,"nodeType":996},{"target":40987},{"sys":40988},{"id":40989,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2SFtROFuPZ4SPTL87Vpjr9",[],{"data":40992,"content":40993,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":40995,"content":40996,"nodeType":1009},{},[40997],{"data":40998,"marks":40999,"value":41001,"nodeType":864},{},[41000],{"type":899},"The problem with over-indexing on TTPs",{"data":41003,"content":41004,"nodeType":860},{},[41005],{"data":41006,"marks":41007,"value":41008,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Threat intelligence has real value. Attributing campaigns to named groups, mapping their techniques to MITRE ATT&CK, and generating detection rules gives defenders a meaningful starting point. The problem is treating a specific actor's historical TTP catalogue as the primary basis for detection logic, rather than combining it with the broader trends in attacker behaviour visible across the entire landscape.",{"data":41010,"content":41011,"nodeType":860},{},[41012],{"data":41013,"marks":41014,"value":41015,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Operators are creative and pragmatic. If the path of least resistance is a compromised admin credential and a legitimate MDM feature, no serious attacker is going to deploy custom wiper malware instead because that's what they used last time.",{"data":41017,"content":41018,"nodeType":860},{},[41019],{"data":41020,"marks":41021,"value":41022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If your threat model says you're a plausible target for an Iranian threat group, and the trend data tells you that identity compromise is the most common initial access method across all actors, the rational response is to evaluate your controls aligned to identity-based initial access, not just deploy signatures for BiBi Wiper. When the specific actor profile crowds out the general trend data, you end up building defences against the last attack and leaving yourself exposed to the shift that every actor is going through.",{"data":41024,"content":41025,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":41027,"content":41028,"nodeType":1009},{},[41029],{"data":41030,"marks":41031,"value":41033,"nodeType":864},{},[41032],{"type":899},"Evaluating the security guidance",{"data":41035,"content":41036,"nodeType":860},{},[41037,41041,41049,41053,41061,41065,41070],{"data":41038,"marks":41039,"value":41040,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the wake of the breach, industry guidance has settled around enforcing phishing-resistant MFA on privileged accounts, implementing just-in-time privilege activation via ",{"data":41042,"content":41044,"nodeType":883},{"uri":41043},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-governance/privileged-identity-management/pim-configure",[41045],{"data":41046,"marks":41047,"value":41048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"PIM",{"data":41050,"marks":41051,"value":41052,"nodeType":864},{},[],", enabling ",{"data":41054,"content":41056,"nodeType":883},{"uri":41055},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/intune/intune-service/fundamentals/multi-admin-approval",[41057],{"data":41058,"marks":41059,"value":41060,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Multi Admin Approval ",{"data":41062,"marks":41063,"value":41064,"nodeType":864},{},[],"for high-risk Intune operations, configuring anomaly alerting on bulk device actions, and segregating administrative identities from everyday user accounts. This is all sound advice, but these recommendations are designed to limit what an attacker can do ",{"data":41066,"marks":41067,"value":41069,"nodeType":864},{},[41068],{"type":2246},"after",{"data":41071,"marks":41072,"value":41073,"nodeType":864},{},[]," an account has already been compromised — introducing friction, but not blocking them entirely.",{"data":41075,"content":41076,"nodeType":860},{},[41077,41081,41089,41093,41101],{"data":41078,"marks":41079,"value":41080,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The detection challenges compound this. Entra ID sign-in logs and ",{"data":41082,"content":41084,"nodeType":883},{"uri":41083},"https://www.a6n.co.uk/2025/11/tracking-device-wipes-in-microsoft.html",[41085],{"data":41086,"marks":41087,"value":41088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Intune audit logs exist in separate systems",{"data":41090,"marks":41091,"value":41092,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with separate correlation IDs. Tracing a sign-in to a subsequent device action requires deliberate log integration that many organizations haven't implemented. The ",{"data":41094,"content":41096,"nodeType":883},{"uri":41095},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/intune/intune-service/fundamentals/monitor-audit-logs",[41097],{"data":41098,"marks":41099,"value":41100,"nodeType":864},{},[],"logs do record",{"data":41102,"marks":41103,"value":41104,"nodeType":864},{},[]," \"wipe ManagedDevice\" events, but may not be linked to real-time alerting. And the underlying action, Intune's Remote Wipe, is a legitimate feature used routinely in enterprise IT. Again, the attack could have succeeded even with these in place.",{"data":41106,"content":41107,"nodeType":860},{},[41108],{"data":41109,"marks":41110,"value":41111,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In a world where a compromised account can be rapidly exploited, it's vital to focus on improving detection and prevention as early as possible in the kill chain — combating initial access techniques themselves.",{"data":41113,"content":41117,"nodeType":996},{"target":41114},{"sys":41115},{"id":41116,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4H3AzW7q4QBv7pJawSqQBJ",[],{"data":41119,"content":41120,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":41122,"content":41123,"nodeType":1009},{},[41124],{"data":41125,"marks":41126,"value":28424,"nodeType":864},{},[41127],{"type":899},{"data":41129,"content":41130,"nodeType":860},{},[41131],{"data":41132,"marks":41133,"value":41134,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Stryker attack reflects what attackers everywhere — from financially motivated criminal groups to more destructive nation-state operators — are already doing. Identity-based initial access, abuse of legitimate tools and services, and living-off-the-land execution are the current standard operating procedure.",{"data":41136,"content":41137,"nodeType":860},{},[41138],{"data":41139,"marks":41140,"value":41141,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even with a perfectly hardened environment, most public breaches today involve attackers hijacking SSO mechanisms to move into connected applications, exfiltrating data for resale or extortion, and in some cases leveraging cloud services and admin platforms to deploy ransomware (the Scattered Spider playbook of dropping ransomware via VMware management portal being a well-documented example).",{"data":41143,"content":41144,"nodeType":860},{},[41145],{"data":41146,"marks":41147,"value":41148,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The majority of attackers will have no interest in destructively wiping an Intune environment — that's difficult to monetize. But the techniques that enabled the Stryker wipe are the same as those that enable financially motivated breaches at scale, pointing to a challenge that extends well beyond Iran-nexus threat actors and MDM hardening.",{"data":41150,"content":41151,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":41153,"content":41154,"nodeType":1009},{},[41155],{"data":41156,"marks":41157,"value":41159,"nodeType":864},{},[41158],{"type":899},"About Push Security",{"data":41161,"content":41162,"nodeType":860},{},[41163],{"data":41164,"marks":41165,"value":41166,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":41168,"content":41169,"nodeType":860},{},[41170,41173,41179,41182,41188,41191,41197],{"data":41171,"marks":41172,"value":24766,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41174,"content":41175,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24769},[41176],{"data":41177,"marks":41178,"value":24774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41180,"marks":41181,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41183,"content":41184,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24780},[41185],{"data":41186,"marks":41187,"value":24786,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41189,"marks":41190,"value":24790,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41192,"content":41193,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[41194],{"data":41195,"marks":41196,"value":24797,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41198,"marks":41199,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Stryker breach didn't match the playbook. 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And given Vercel’s potentially lacking controls around OAuth integrations in their Workspace, it’s also possible that browser syncing had not been identified as a security risk and disabled. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":42020,"content":42021},{},[42022,42026],{"nodeType":864,"value":42023,"marks":42024,"data":42025},"The 2025 Verizon DBIR reported that 54% of all ransomware attacks traced back to infostealer-enabled credential theft. ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":42027,"marks":42028,"data":42030},"46% of systems with compromised corporate credentials were non-managed devices. ",[42029],{"type":899},{},"Vercel IB 2",{"sys":42033,"__typename":1740,"content":42034,"name":42050,"title":59},{"id":24614},{"json":42035},{"nodeType":856,"data":42036,"content":42037},{},[42038],{"nodeType":860,"data":42039,"content":42040},{},[42041,42046],{"nodeType":864,"value":42042,"marks":42043,"data":42045},"OAuth App:",[42044],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":42047,"marks":42048,"data":42049}," 110671459871-30f1spbu0hptbs60cb4vsmv79i7bbvqj.apps.googleusercontent.com",[],{},"Vercel IB 5",{"sys":42052,"__typename":1740,"content":42053,"name":42077,"title":59},{"id":24652},{"json":42054},{"nodeType":856,"data":42055,"content":42056},{},[42057],{"nodeType":860,"data":42058,"content":42059},{},[42060,42064,42073],{"nodeType":864,"value":42061,"marks":42062,"data":42063},"Since the breach was initially reported, ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":42065,"content":42067},{"uri":42066},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/04/vercel-breach-tied-to-context-ai-hack.html",[42068],{"nodeType":864,"value":42069,"marks":42070,"data":42072},"it has also emerged that",[42071],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":42074,"marks":42075,"data":42076}," Context.ai’s browser extension has also been pulled from the Chrome store. It’s unclear whether attackers were able to publish a malicious extension update too, whether the extension was removed at Context.ai’s request (because the app has been deprecated), or Google pulled it down as a precaution in light of the incident. ",[],{},"Vercel IB 3",{"sys":42079,"__typename":1724,"title":42080,"caption":42080,"layoutMode":59,"file":42081},{"id":24682},"Inspect apps and identities to uncover and remediate vulnerabilities.",{"url":42082,"width":1736,"height":42083},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4rfQX7ICFP2tiio0Ra9r0f/ef6cdc27bc3dde03127105189523e405/image5.png",1074,{"sys":42085,"__typename":1724,"title":42086,"caption":42086,"layoutMode":59,"file":42087},{"id":24695},"Analyse OAuth integrations, including permissions, user count, and other useful metadata. ",{"url":42088,"width":1736,"height":42089},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6srKhXfs62Ql2vIUc0QszJ/58ae9672ed3e79bfef1fb65a6cd7450a/image3.png",1091,{"sys":42091,"__typename":1724,"title":42092,"caption":42092,"layoutMode":59,"file":42093},{"id":24701},"Easily delete unwanted integrations. ",{"url":42094,"width":42095,"height":42096},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/8BTe7GRIl7aLnwcmkRQkb/eb26d8d0ecb0165d4ab3c4d4a3ac6111/image1.png",567,213,{"sys":42098,"__typename":1724,"title":42099,"caption":42100,"layoutMode":59,"file":42101},{"id":24732},"Block OAuth connection attempts as they transit the browser using Push.","Block OAuth connection attempts as they transit the browser using Push. Example shows blocking Claude connectors. ",{"url":42102,"width":42103,"height":42104},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4TIl7F28Qd1Mk5M4vrFUF7/1b983ddc567ea7130cc76c3397d8fb69/OAuth_blocking.gif",1280,720,{"items":42106},[],{},"Unpacking the Vercel breach: Shadow AI and OAuth sprawl","breach-analysis",{"items":42111},[42112,45115,46074],{"__typename":2059,"sys":42113,"content":42115,"title":45102,"synopsis":45103,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":45104,"slug":361,"tagsCollection":45105,"authorsCollection":45111},{"id":42114},"5DmCqTU2Tg4adYScA5vT2x",{"json":42116},{"data":42117,"content":42118,"nodeType":856},{},[42119,42125,42145,42163,42170,42176,42183,42190,42193,42201,42207,42291,42311,42317,42324,42439,42445,42448,42456,42463,42469,42472,42480,42521,42527,42534,42541,42548,42555,42574,42580,42586,42592,42598,42604,42610,42616,42622,42885,42888,42896,43031,43037,43040,43048,43088,43222,43228,43231,43239,43386,43392,43395,43403,43409,43549,43555,43561,43564,43572,43719,43725,43728,43736,43882,43888,43891,43899,43994,44000,44003,44011,44105,44111,44114,44122,44128,44261,44267,44270,44278,44327,44333,44336,44344,44483,44488,44491,44499,44631,44637,44640,44648,44660,44667,44673,44679,44686,44707,44723,44729,44732,44740,44748,44769,44790,44795,44802,44809,44817,44824,44831,44838,44846,44853,44903,44909,44912,44920,44927,44934,44981,44987,44994,44997,45005,45012,45019,45039,45045,45052,45059,45066],{"data":42120,"content":42124,"nodeType":996},{"target":42121},{"sys":42122},{"id":42123,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"XOFOeNqmRHeiRbkPOJrP1",[],{"data":42126,"content":42127,"nodeType":860},{},[42128,42132,42141],{"data":42129,"marks":42130,"value":42131,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The OAuth 2.0 ",{"data":42133,"content":42135,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42134},"https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8628",[42136],{"data":42137,"marks":42138,"value":42140,"nodeType":864},{},[42139],{"type":1455},"device authorization grant",{"data":42142,"marks":42143,"value":42144,"nodeType":864},{},[]," was designed to enable input-constrained devices to sign-in to apps by asking the user to complete the login on a separate device by entering a code. But today, it’s mainly used when accessing CLI tools, meaning that many users encounter the device code flow daily. ",{"data":42146,"content":42147,"nodeType":860},{},[42148,42151,42159],{"data":42149,"marks":42150,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42152,"content":42154,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42153},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/device_code_phishing/description.md",[42155],{"data":42156,"marks":42157,"value":360,"nodeType":864},{},[42158],{"type":1455},{"data":42160,"marks":42161,"value":42162,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks designed to exploit this authorization flow are not new — it was among the first techniques that we added to the SaaS attacks matrix back in 2023. But it’s taken until now for it to really enter mainstream adoption. ",{"data":42164,"content":42165,"nodeType":860},{},[42166],{"data":42167,"marks":42168,"value":42169,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The technique tricks a user into issuing access tokens for an attacker-controlled application (not a device, confusingly). Any app that supports device code logins can be a target. Popular examples include Microsoft, Google, Salesforce, GitHub, and AWS. That said, Microsoft is, as always, much more heavily targeted at scale now than any other app.",{"data":42171,"content":42175,"nodeType":996},{"target":42172},{"sys":42173},{"id":42174,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"Al0pGH8vmOYiufDFiAbt0",[],{"data":42177,"content":42178,"nodeType":860},{},[42179],{"data":42180,"marks":42181,"value":42182,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve always been surprised that attackers haven’t commonly used device code phishing in their standard toolkit, preferring session-stealing AITM phishing and other social engineering attacks like ClickFix. But it’s pretty clear from the recent data that the shift to mainstream adoption has now happened. ",{"data":42184,"content":42185,"nodeType":860},{},[42186],{"data":42187,"marks":42188,"value":42189,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this blog post, we’ll explore the history of device code phishing, what’s changed for it to enter mainstream adoption, how it works under the hood (with recent examples), and what security teams can do about it. ",{"data":42191,"content":42192,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":42194,"content":42195,"nodeType":1009},{},[42196],{"data":42197,"marks":42198,"value":42200,"nodeType":864},{},[42199],{"type":899},"A brief history of device code phishing",{"data":42202,"content":42206,"nodeType":996},{"target":42203},{"sys":42204},{"id":42205,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6u3DgvSGChtTJu7l9I7PG1",[],{"data":42208,"content":42209,"nodeType":860},{},[42210,42214,42223,42227,42236,42240,42249,42253,42262,42266,42275,42278,42287],{"data":42211,"marks":42212,"value":42213,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The technique was first documented in 2020, before Secureworks released the first tooling framework ",{"data":42215,"content":42217,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42216},"https://github.com/secureworks/PhishInSuits",[42218],{"data":42219,"marks":42220,"value":42222,"nodeType":864},{},[42221],{"type":1455},"PhishInSuits",{"data":42224,"marks":42225,"value":42226,"nodeType":864},{},[]," a year later. A host of research followed, including ",{"data":42228,"content":42230,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42229},"https://github.com/secureworks/squarephish",[42231],{"data":42232,"marks":42233,"value":42235,"nodeType":864},{},[42234],{"type":1455},"SquarePhish",{"data":42237,"marks":42238,"value":42239,"nodeType":864},{},[]," v1 (using QR codes to trigger the 15 minute code expiration window), Dirk-Jan Mollema’s ",{"data":42241,"content":42243,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42242},"https://dirkjanm.io/phishing-for-microsoft-entra-primary-refresh-tokens/",[42244],{"data":42245,"marks":42246,"value":42248,"nodeType":864},{},[42247],{"type":1455},"key research",{"data":42250,"marks":42251,"value":42252,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (chaining device code phishing via Microsoft apps into Primary Refresh Token (PRT) acquisition to gain full browser-level access) and Dennis Kniep’s ",{"data":42254,"content":42256,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42255},"https://github.com/denniskniep/DeviceCodePhishing",[42257],{"data":42258,"marks":42259,"value":42261,"nodeType":864},{},[42260],{"type":1455},"DeviceCodePhishing tool",{"data":42263,"marks":42264,"value":42265,"nodeType":864},{},[]," which automates the entire flow with a headless browser. (Other recent noteworthy tools include ",{"data":42267,"content":42269,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42268},"https://github.com/nromsdahl/squarephish2",[42270],{"data":42271,"marks":42272,"value":42274,"nodeType":864},{},[42273],{"type":1455},"SquarePhish2",{"data":42276,"marks":42277,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42279,"content":42281,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42280},"https://github.com/praetorian-inc/GitPhish",[42282],{"data":42283,"marks":42284,"value":42286,"nodeType":864},{},[42285],{"type":1455},"GitPhish",{"data":42288,"marks":42289,"value":42290,"nodeType":864},{},[],", so shout out to those too). ",{"data":42292,"content":42293,"nodeType":860},{},[42294,42298,42307],{"data":42295,"marks":42296,"value":42297,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It wasn’t until August 2024 that in-the-wild exploitation was first identified, with Russia-linked campaigns then continuing into 2025 before entering mainstream criminal adoption. This trend has continued to gather momentum in 2026 with ",{"data":42299,"content":42301,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42300},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/03/device-code-phishing-hits-340-microsoft.html",[42302],{"data":42303,"marks":42304,"value":42306,"nodeType":864},{},[42305],{"type":1455},"EvilTokens",{"data":42308,"marks":42309,"value":42310,"nodeType":864},{},[],", the first reported criminal PhaaS kit for device code phishing, already powering massive campaigns after launching in February. ",{"data":42312,"content":42316,"nodeType":996},{"target":42313},{"sys":42314},{"id":42315,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6xsfmbYEzpW7CdDiNzO6cu",[],{"data":42318,"content":42319,"nodeType":860},{},[42320],{"data":42321,"marks":42322,"value":42323,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Some of the noteworthy in-the-wild campaigns include:",{"data":42325,"content":42326,"nodeType":941},{},[42327,42360,42380],{"data":42328,"content":42329,"nodeType":945},{},[42330],{"data":42331,"content":42332,"nodeType":860},{},[42333,42337,42345,42348,42356],{"data":42334,"marks":42335,"value":42336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Storm-2372, tracked by ",{"data":42338,"content":42340,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42339},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/02/13/storm-2372-conducts-device-code-phishing-campaign/",[42341],{"data":42342,"marks":42343,"value":42344,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft",{"data":42346,"marks":42347,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42349,"content":42351,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42350},"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2025/02/13/multiple-russian-threat-actors-targeting-microsoft-device-code-authentication/",[42352],{"data":42353,"marks":42354,"value":42355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Volexity",{"data":42357,"marks":42358,"value":42359,"nodeType":864},{},[],", linked to multiple Russia-aligned clusters, combining spear-phishing and social engineering with device code phishing payloads against strategic intelligence targets.",{"data":42361,"content":42362,"nodeType":945},{},[42363],{"data":42364,"content":42365,"nodeType":860},{},[42366,42370,42376],{"data":42367,"marks":42368,"value":42369,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The massive Salesforce campaign operated by ",{"data":42371,"content":42372,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7492},[42373],{"data":42374,"marks":42375,"value":7497,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42377,"marks":42378,"value":42379,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (SLH) combined vishing with a device code phishing payload targeting Salesforce. The attacks morphed into a broader supply chain campaign using stolen credentials, ultimately resulting in 1000+ organizations being compromised and over 1.5 billion stolen records claimed. ",{"data":42381,"content":42382,"nodeType":945},{},[42383],{"data":42384,"content":42385,"nodeType":860},{},[42386,42390,42398,42402,42411,42414,42423,42427,42435],{"data":42387,"marks":42388,"value":42389,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A massive spike in activity in late 2025 and 2026. This includes ",{"data":42391,"content":42393,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42392},"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/access-granted-phishing-device-code-authorization-account-takeover",[42394],{"data":42395,"marks":42396,"value":42397,"nodeType":864},{},[],"multiple threat clusters",{"data":42399,"marks":42400,"value":42401,"nodeType":864},{},[]," tracked using device code phishing techniques, more ",{"data":42403,"content":42405,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42404},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-target-microsoft-entra-accounts-in-device-code-vishing-attacks/",[42406],{"data":42407,"marks":42408,"value":42410,"nodeType":864},{},[42409],{"type":1455},"criminal operations linked to SLH",{"data":42412,"marks":42413,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42415,"content":42417,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42416},"https://newtonpaul.com/blog/device-code-phish-update/",[42418],{"data":42419,"marks":42420,"value":42422,"nodeType":864},{},[42421],{"type":1455},"hundreds of organizations being targeted via PhaaS architecture,",{"data":42424,"marks":42425,"value":42426,"nodeType":864},{},[]," which looks to be the same campaign as the recently uncovered EvilTokens PhaaS reported by ",{"data":42428,"content":42429,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8845},[42430],{"data":42431,"marks":42432,"value":42434,"nodeType":864},{},[42433],{"type":1455},"Huntress",{"data":42436,"marks":42437,"value":42438,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (featuring abuse of the Railway PaaS platform). ",{"data":42440,"content":42444,"nodeType":996},{"target":42441},{"sys":42442},{"id":42443,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3WLt6qLCK8CSwr0QZxZiMv",[],{"data":42446,"content":42447,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":42449,"content":42450,"nodeType":1009},{},[42451],{"data":42452,"marks":42453,"value":42455,"nodeType":864},{},[42454],{"type":899},"What we’re seeing in the wild",{"data":42457,"content":42458,"nodeType":860},{},[42459],{"data":42460,"marks":42461,"value":42462,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As mentioned, we’ve also seen a huge spike in device code phishing activity this year, with multiple kits, page designs, and lure types. We’ve now identified 14+ distinct kits in circulation in the wild, with EvilTokens being the most prevalent. It’s clear that attackers are both spinning up their own kits and creative derivatives of others — we’ve seen kits that are visually similar to EvilTokens (close enough to be clones or forks) but with very different backends, for example AWS, Digital Ocean, 2cloud, and more. ",{"data":42464,"content":42468,"nodeType":996},{"target":42465},{"sys":42466},{"id":42467,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"nJCbTw85GKXdqrlIkzZwi",[],{"data":42470,"content":42471,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":42473,"content":42474,"nodeType":1312},{},[42475],{"data":42476,"marks":42477,"value":42479,"nodeType":864},{},[42478],{"type":899},"“ANTIBOT” (EvilTokens)",{"data":42481,"content":42482,"nodeType":860},{},[42483,42486,42493,42496,42505,42509,42517],{"data":42484,"marks":42485,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42487,"content":42488,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8845},[42489],{"data":42490,"marks":42491,"value":42434,"nodeType":864},{},[42492],{"type":1455},{"data":42494,"marks":42495,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":42497,"content":42499,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42498},"https://blog.sekoia.io/new-widespread-eviltokens-kit-device-code-phishing-as-a-service-part-1/",[42500],{"data":42501,"marks":42502,"value":42504,"nodeType":864},{},[42503],{"type":1455},"Sekoia",{"data":42506,"marks":42507,"value":42508,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and researcher ",{"data":42510,"content":42511,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42416},[42512],{"data":42513,"marks":42514,"value":42516,"nodeType":864},{},[42515],{"type":1455},"Paul Newton",{"data":42518,"marks":42519,"value":42520,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have already done a great job of providing IOCs for the recent EvilTokens activity spike, including multiple backend Railway IPs in authentication events. ",{"data":42522,"content":42526,"nodeType":996},{"target":42523},{"sys":42524},{"id":42525,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1XNviq5OvMf5TEAc59F6g5",[],{"data":42528,"content":42529,"nodeType":860},{},[42530],{"data":42531,"marks":42532,"value":42533,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Beyond the most widely observed implementation featuring a Cloudflare Workers frontend and Railway backend for authentication, we’ve also tracked additional versions of EvilTokens in circulation since January 2026 (many of which remain live along with the current “production” version of the kit). ",{"data":42535,"content":42536,"nodeType":860},{},[42537],{"data":42538,"marks":42539,"value":42540,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see an evolution of the kit in the videos and screenshots below, from early precursors seen in mid-January, the first mentions of ANTIBOT in the page code in late-January, the parallel development of a “Courts Access” fork that lacks the ANTIBOT references, and finally production EvilTokens in February. One of the key threads between the versions is the presence of a generateFallbackCode() JS function and use of a /generate-codes API call. ",{"data":42542,"content":42543,"nodeType":860},{},[42544],{"data":42545,"marks":42546,"value":42547,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Early implementations were quite different, for example using ScrapingBee to generate the displayed code, and varied hosting on vercel, fastly, edgeone, and others. ",{"data":42549,"content":42550,"nodeType":860},{},[42551],{"data":42552,"marks":42553,"value":42554,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After initially appearing on custom domains, the production version is now predominantly hosted on Cloudflare Workers, as per the broader tracking of the campaign. The descriptive HTML comments around ANTIBOT functions have also been removed in later versions. ",{"data":42556,"content":42557,"nodeType":860},{},[42558,42562,42570],{"data":42559,"marks":42560,"value":42561,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The production version of EvilTokens showcases common ",{"data":42563,"content":42564,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8379},[42565],{"data":42566,"marks":42567,"value":42569,"nodeType":864},{},[42568],{"type":1455},"detection evasion techniques",{"data":42571,"marks":42572,"value":42573,"nodeType":864},{},[]," we've come to associate with PhaaS kits in the AiTM space — using multiple redirects through trusted sites before serving the malicious page, using bot protection to block security tools from analyzing the page, and so on. It also uses a pop-up window for the device code entry rather than a redirect, reducing the friction for the victim (it looks pretty convincing, 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Cloud)",{"data":44405,"content":44406,"nodeType":860},{},[44407,44411],{"data":44408,"marks":44409,"value":42703,"nodeType":864},{},[44410],{"type":899},{"data":44412,"marks":44413,"value":42960,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44415,"content":44416,"nodeType":4581},{},[44417,44427],{"data":44418,"content":44419,"nodeType":4569},{},[44420],{"data":44421,"content":44422,"nodeType":860},{},[44423],{"data":44424,"marks":44425,"value":42745,"nodeType":864},{},[44426],{"type":899},{"data":44428,"content":44429,"nodeType":4569},{},[44430],{"data":44431,"content":44432,"nodeType":860},{},[44433],{"data":44434,"marks":44435,"value":44436,"nodeType":864},{},[],"GET /api/session/{UUIDv4} polled with header X-API-Key: \u003Cprefix>_\u003C64-hex> (key materialised at runtime via atob(window.__cyb3r.k)) \nPOST /api/device-code with body {\"prt_foci_session_id\": \"\u003CUUID>\"} (second-stage code retrieval after initial session 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lure",{"data":44461,"content":44462,"nodeType":4581},{},[44463,44473],{"data":44464,"content":44465,"nodeType":4569},{},[44466],{"data":44467,"content":44468,"nodeType":860},{},[44469],{"data":44470,"marks":44471,"value":43020,"nodeType":864},{},[44472],{"type":899},{"data":44474,"content":44475,"nodeType":4569},{},[44476],{"data":44477,"content":44478,"nodeType":860},{},[44479],{"data":44480,"marks":44481,"value":44482,"nodeType":864},{},[],"afriqbeauglobal[.]com/homepage/index[.]html",{"data":44484,"content":44487,"nodeType":996},{"target":44485},{"sys":44486},{"id":8973,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":44489,"content":44490,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":44492,"content":44493,"nodeType":1312},{},[44494],{"data":44495,"marks":44496,"value":44498,"nodeType":864},{},[44497],{"type":899},"\"CYB3R\"",{"data":44500,"content":44501,"nodeType":4845},{},[44502,44525,44563,44585,44608],{"data":44503,"content":44504,"nodeType":4581},{},[44505,44515],{"data":44506,"content":44507,"nodeType":4569},{},[44508],{"data":44509,"content":44510,"nodeType":860},{},[44511],{"data":44512,"marks":44513,"value":42638,"nodeType":864},{},[44514],{"type":899},{"data":44516,"content":44517,"nodeType":4569},{},[44518],{"data":44519,"content":44520,"nodeType":860},{},[44521],{"data":44522,"marks":44523,"value":44524,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloudflare 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su identidad\", \"Continuar a Microsoft\").",{"data":44609,"content":44610,"nodeType":4581},{},[44611,44621],{"data":44612,"content":44613,"nodeType":4569},{},[44614],{"data":44615,"content":44616,"nodeType":860},{},[44617],{"data":44618,"marks":44619,"value":43020,"nodeType":864},{},[44620],{"type":899},{"data":44622,"content":44623,"nodeType":4569},{},[44624],{"data":44625,"content":44626,"nodeType":860},{},[44627],{"data":44628,"marks":44629,"value":44630,"nodeType":864},{},[],"muzagestion[.]secure-share[.]workers.dev",{"data":44632,"content":44636,"nodeType":996},{"target":44633},{"sys":44634},{"id":44635,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5EU0QNteiQcYybKG1W1cS3",[],{"data":44638,"content":44639,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":44641,"content":44642,"nodeType":1009},{},[44643],{"data":44644,"marks":44645,"value":44647,"nodeType":864},{},[44646],{"type":899},"Device code phishing under the hood",{"data":44649,"content":44650,"nodeType":860},{},[44651,44655],{"data":44652,"marks":44653,"value":44654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker POSTs to the authorization server's device authorization endpoint with its client_id (i.e. an application ID) and requested scopes or resources. The server responds with a device_code (used for polling), a user_code, a verification_uri, an expires_in value, and a polling interval. The user visits the URL, enters the code and approves the request. Meanwhile, the device polls the token endpoint. Once approved, the server returns an access token, a refresh token (if offline_access was requested), and an ID token (if openid was included). ",{"data":44656,"marks":44657,"value":44659,"nodeType":864},{},[44658],{"type":899},"The attacker now has API access to the victim's account. ",{"data":44661,"content":44662,"nodeType":860},{},[44663],{"data":44664,"marks":44665,"value":44666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Broadly, this gives the attacker a comparable level of control to a “normal” phishing attack (with conditions based on the scopes granted and specific app being targeted) while API access grants additional capabilities beyond standard browser sessions. When combined with other techniques, this access can be exchanged to open normal browser app sessions and access SSO connected apps.",{"data":44668,"content":44672,"nodeType":996},{"target":44669},{"sys":44670},{"id":44671,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4WtQR2xsE236yoyhSXj58Z",[],{"data":44674,"content":44678,"nodeType":996},{"target":44675},{"sys":44676},{"id":44677,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1x7Lip7JdY2xlHKKurT7qJ",[],{"data":44680,"content":44681,"nodeType":860},{},[44682],{"data":44683,"marks":44684,"value":44685,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At this point, you can achieve a number of objectives both inside the app ecosystem and across SSO connected apps — e.g. data theft, disruption, and ultimately extortion.",{"data":44687,"content":44688,"nodeType":860},{},[44689,44693,44698,44702],{"data":44690,"marks":44691,"value":44692,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Critically, the initial request to generate a device code is typically ",{"data":44694,"marks":44695,"value":44697,"nodeType":864},{},[44696],{"type":899},"unauthenticated",{"data":44699,"marks":44700,"value":44701,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across all providers — ",{"data":44703,"marks":44704,"value":44706,"nodeType":864},{},[44705],{"type":899},"anyone can generate one, from any machine, without proving any relationship to the target organization.",{"data":44708,"content":44709,"nodeType":860},{},[44710,44714,44719],{"data":44711,"marks":44712,"value":44713,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, the attacker has to deliver a set of instructions via a phishing channel (e.g. email, social media DM, corp IM platform, and so on) with a device code that they have generated. The victim then enters this code on the ",{"data":44715,"marks":44716,"value":44718,"nodeType":864},{},[44717],{"type":899},"legitimate device code login page",{"data":44720,"marks":44721,"value":44722,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for that app and issues the tokens to the attacker.",{"data":44724,"content":44728,"nodeType":996},{"target":44725},{"sys":44726},{"id":44727,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1txUYuQjH9FlbDGTo8AbZB",[],{"data":44730,"content":44731,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":44733,"content":44734,"nodeType":1009},{},[44735],{"data":44736,"marks":44737,"value":44739,"nodeType":864},{},[44738],{"type":899},"Why device code phishing is so dangerous",{"data":44741,"content":44742,"nodeType":1312},{},[44743],{"data":44744,"marks":44745,"value":44747,"nodeType":864},{},[44746],{"type":899},"Device code phishing bypasses authentication controls (including passkeys)",{"data":44749,"content":44750,"nodeType":860},{},[44751,44755,44760,44764],{"data":44752,"marks":44753,"value":44754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A device code phishing attack ",{"data":44756,"marks":44757,"value":44759,"nodeType":864},{},[44758],{"type":899},"cannot be prevented with authentication controls",{"data":44761,"marks":44762,"value":44763,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This includes all forms of MFA and ",{"data":44765,"marks":44766,"value":44768,"nodeType":864},{},[44767],{"type":899},"even “phishing-resistant” authentication methods such as passkeys. ",{"data":44770,"content":44771,"nodeType":860},{},[44772,44777,44781,44786],{"data":44773,"marks":44774,"value":44776,"nodeType":864},{},[44775],{"type":899},"The device code authorization is effectively performed post-authentication. ",{"data":44778,"marks":44779,"value":44780,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you already have an active session in your browser, entering the device code and selecting your account from a drop-down menu is all that's needed. ",{"data":44782,"marks":44783,"value":44785,"nodeType":864},{},[44784],{"type":899},"No password or MFA required. ",{"data":44787,"marks":44788,"value":44789,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see an example in the video below.",{"data":44791,"content":44794,"nodeType":996},{"target":44792},{"sys":44793},{"id":43723,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":44796,"content":44797,"nodeType":860},{},[44798],{"data":44799,"marks":44800,"value":44801,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even if you do have to sign in again (because you're not already signed in for some reason), the attack still works because it isn't targeting the login — it's targeting the authorization layer instead.",{"data":44803,"content":44804,"nodeType":860},{},[44805],{"data":44806,"marks":44807,"value":44808,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is what makes device code phishing different to other standard phishing methods like AiTM phishing (and arguably even more effective in environments with strict identity control enforcement). ",{"data":44810,"content":44811,"nodeType":1312},{},[44812],{"data":44813,"marks":44814,"value":44816,"nodeType":864},{},[44815],{"type":899},"Device code logins are a feature, not a vulnerability, making attacks difficult to block",{"data":44818,"content":44819,"nodeType":860},{},[44820],{"data":44821,"marks":44822,"value":44823,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Device code authorization is a legitimate mechanism regularly used in enterprise environments, particularly for CLI logins. Tools like Azure CLI, GitHub CLI, and AWS CLI all use (or have used) the device code flow as a primary or fallback authentication method. This creates a dual problem for defenders. ",{"data":44825,"content":44826,"nodeType":860},{},[44827],{"data":44828,"marks":44829,"value":44830,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, the phishing attack happens entirely on a legitimate site — there's no fake login page, no malicious payload to scan for, and the URL in the browser is genuine. Since there's no traditional phishing content being delivered, these attacks are more resistant to detection by email and network security tools.",{"data":44832,"content":44833,"nodeType":860},{},[44834],{"data":44835,"marks":44836,"value":44837,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Second, the widespread legitimate use of device code flow — particularly among developers and technical users — normalizes the experience of entering device codes. A phishing lure asking them to do the same thing is indistinguishable from a legitimate IT request. And for non-technical users, this experience isn't much different to, for example, entering a code sent via email or authenticator app. ",{"data":44839,"content":44840,"nodeType":1312},{},[44841],{"data":44842,"marks":44843,"value":44845,"nodeType":864},{},[44844],{"type":899},"Multiple apps are vulnerable, with different risk profiles",{"data":44847,"content":44848,"nodeType":860},{},[44849],{"data":44850,"marks":44851,"value":44852,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Various apps implement the device code flow, each with different levels of control and default security, but the risk is not uniform across platforms. ",{"data":44854,"content":44855,"nodeType":941},{},[44856,44871,44885],{"data":44857,"content":44858,"nodeType":945},{},[44859],{"data":44860,"content":44861,"nodeType":860},{},[44862,44867],{"data":44863,"marks":44864,"value":44866,"nodeType":864},{},[44865],{"type":899},"Google Workspace ",{"data":44868,"marks":44869,"value":44870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"is a significantly lower-risk target because Google explicitly limits which scopes are available to the device code flow — Gmail, Calendar, and most Workspace APIs are simply unavailable through this mechanism. ",{"data":44872,"content":44873,"nodeType":945},{},[44874],{"data":44875,"content":44876,"nodeType":860},{},[44877,44881],{"data":44878,"marks":44879,"value":42344,"nodeType":864},{},[44880],{"type":899},{"data":44882,"marks":44883,"value":44884,"nodeType":864},{},[]," offers the broadest attack surface due to unrestricted scopes, reusable first-party client IDs, and the FOCI/PRT escalation paths. ",{"data":44886,"content":44887,"nodeType":945},{},[44888],{"data":44889,"content":44890,"nodeType":860},{},[44891,44895,44899],{"data":44892,"marks":44893,"value":44894,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Apps like ",{"data":44896,"marks":44897,"value":7678,"nodeType":864},{},[44898],{"type":899},{"data":44900,"marks":44901,"value":44902,"nodeType":864},{},[]," sit in between — broad scopes are available (including full repository access), but the attacker must control their own OAuth app and the victim sees an explicit consent screen. ",{"data":44904,"content":44908,"nodeType":996},{"target":44905},{"sys":44906},{"id":44907,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"ejNSC76jge1p1zzz9wwiG",[],{"data":44910,"content":44911,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":44913,"content":44914,"nodeType":1009},{},[44915],{"data":44916,"marks":44917,"value":44919,"nodeType":864},{},[44918],{"type":899},"Security recommendations",{"data":44921,"content":44922,"nodeType":860},{},[44923],{"data":44924,"marks":44925,"value":44926,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security teams need to consider the risk posed by device code phishing across multiple apps where device code authorization grants are common, particularly for developers and technical users. ",{"data":44928,"content":44929,"nodeType":860},{},[44930],{"data":44931,"marks":44932,"value":44933,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In an ideal world, you would simply block device code logins. But this can’t be done without causing serious disruption in some environments, while some apps simply don’t provide the tools required to do so. For example, device code is the default CLI sign-in method for GitHub. Developer-heavy organizations are likely to encounter higher levels of legitimate use.",{"data":44935,"content":44936,"nodeType":860},{},[44937,44941,44950,44954,44959,44963,44968,44972,44977],{"data":44938,"marks":44939,"value":44940,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft arguably offers the strongest control options (other than Google, who negate it right out of the gate), though they do require a fair amount of work. ",{"data":44942,"content":44944,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44943},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/microsoft-entra-blog/new-microsoft-managed-policies-to-raise-your-identity-security-posture/4286758",[44945],{"data":44946,"marks":44947,"value":44949,"nodeType":864},{},[44948],{"type":1455},"Microsoft now explicitly recommends",{"data":44951,"marks":44952,"value":44953,"nodeType":864},{},[]," blocking device code flow for tenants that haven't used it in the past 25 days. Their guidance is to create a custom CA policy: target relevant users, set the ",{"data":44955,"marks":44956,"value":44958,"nodeType":864},{},[44957],{"type":899},"Authentication Flows",{"data":44960,"marks":44961,"value":44962,"nodeType":864},{},[]," condition to block ",{"data":44964,"marks":44965,"value":44967,"nodeType":864},{},[44966],{"type":899},"Device Code Flow",{"data":44969,"marks":44970,"value":44971,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and set the grant control to ",{"data":44973,"marks":44974,"value":44976,"nodeType":864},{},[44975],{"type":899},"Block Access",{"data":44978,"marks":44979,"value":44980,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Deploy in report-only mode first to identify any legitimate device code usage, then enforce with narrow exceptions.",{"data":44982,"content":44986,"nodeType":996},{"target":44983},{"sys":44984},{"id":44985,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"mQIj2o9xRzkZYKNmanB25",[],{"data":44988,"content":44989,"nodeType":860},{},[44990],{"data":44991,"marks":44992,"value":44993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For other apps, you’re mainly limited to monitoring and response. Ensuring you’re getting authentication logs for these apps is vital, and searching for unusual access patterns (e.g. unusual login protocols, having different IPs for the authorization grant and subsequent account activity). ",{"data":44995,"content":44996,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":44998,"content":44999,"nodeType":1009},{},[45000],{"data":45001,"marks":45002,"value":45004,"nodeType":864},{},[45003],{"type":899},"How Push Security can help",{"data":45006,"content":45007,"nodeType":860},{},[45008],{"data":45009,"marks":45010,"value":45011,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push customers can use our browser-based capabilities to overcome the limitations of app-level controls and detect, intercept, and shut down attacks in real time. ",{"data":45013,"content":45014,"nodeType":860},{},[45015],{"data":45016,"marks":45017,"value":45018,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our research team is already tracking multiple device code phishing campaigns and toolkits, including the EvilTokens kit. Blocking controls are already in place to prevent customers from interacting with malicious pages that match our detections for these new toolkits, ensuring that these pages can be identified and blocked in real time regardless of the infrastructure. ",{"data":45020,"content":45021,"nodeType":860},{},[45022,45026,45035],{"data":45023,"marks":45024,"value":45025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Push you can also ",{"data":45027,"content":45029,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45028},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/can-i-use-push-to-help-protect-against-device-code-phishing-scenarios/",[45030],{"data":45031,"marks":45032,"value":45034,"nodeType":864},{},[45033],{"type":1455},"configure in-browser warnings",{"data":45036,"marks":45037,"value":45038,"nodeType":864},{},[]," whenever a user accesses a URL used for device code logins. This provides universal, last-mile protection against even ‘zero-day’ device code phishing attacks using previously unidentified toolkits.  ",{"data":45040,"content":45044,"nodeType":996},{"target":45041},{"sys":45042},{"id":45043,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3JsbGaOKSS3INzBUJpoh1W",[],{"data":45046,"content":45047,"nodeType":860},{},[45048],{"data":45049,"marks":45050,"value":45051,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a user visits those URLs, Push will also emit a webhook event that the banner was shown and acknowledged. If a user opts to proceed, you can treat this as a high-fidelity alert for your security team to investigate, providing app-agnostic telemetry that may not already be provided in your logs from that particular vendor. You can also simply use Push to block users from accessing device login pages if you’re confident that disruption won’t be caused. ",{"data":45053,"content":45054,"nodeType":1312},{},[45055],{"data":45056,"marks":45057,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[45058],{"type":899},{"data":45060,"content":45061,"nodeType":860},{},[45062],{"data":45063,"marks":45064,"value":45065,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":45067,"content":45068,"nodeType":860},{},[45069,45072,45079,45082,45089,45092,45099],{"data":45070,"marks":45071,"value":24766,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45073,"content":45074,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24769},[45075],{"data":45076,"marks":45077,"value":24774,"nodeType":864},{},[45078],{"type":1455},{"data":45080,"marks":45081,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45083,"content":45084,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24780},[45085],{"data":45086,"marks":45087,"value":24786,"nodeType":864},{},[45088],{"type":1455},{"data":45090,"marks":45091,"value":24790,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45093,"content":45094,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[45095],{"data":45096,"marks":45097,"value":24797,"nodeType":864},{},[45098],{"type":1455},{"data":45100,"marks":45101,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Device code phishing attacks have skyrocketed: here’s what you need to know","Device code phishing is seeing a huge spike in adoption in 2026, enabling attackers to steal access tokens while bypassing standard access controls.","2026-04-04T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":45106},[45107,45109],{"sys":45108,"name":7848},{"id":7847},{"sys":45110,"name":342},{"id":7851},{"items":45112},[45113],{"fullName":6204,"firstName":6205,"jobTitle":6206,"profilePicture":45114},{"url":6210},{"__typename":2059,"sys":45116,"content":45118,"title":46060,"synopsis":46061,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":46062,"slug":46063,"tagsCollection":46064,"authorsCollection":46070},{"id":45117},"2sFCww9xnI8okIxhtOaiY1",{"json":45119},{"data":45120,"content":45121,"nodeType":856},{},[45122,45129,45136,45143,45146,45154,45161,45168,45174,45181,45187,45206,45213,45225,45228,45236,45243,45259,45266,45278,45284,45287,45295,45303,45309,45318,45338,45347,45354,45363,45382,45391,45398,45407,45438,45447,45454,45463,45481,45487,45496,45503,45512,45553,45556,45564,45573,45593,45602,45609,45618,45651,45657,45666,45673,45679,45682,45689,45698,45705,45764,45770,45773,45780,45789,45796,45802,45805,45812,45819,45826,45894,45901,45964,45971,45974,45982,45989,45996,46002,46005,46012,46019,46026,46033],{"data":45123,"content":45124,"nodeType":860},{},[45125],{"data":45126,"marks":45127,"value":45128,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The biggest cybersecurity story this year (so far) has been the emergence of “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” and their record-breaking worldwide hacking spree. ",{"data":45130,"content":45131,"nodeType":860},{},[45132],{"data":45133,"marks":45134,"value":45135,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters is part of “The Com”, the name for the broad community of English-speaking cybercriminals with international criminal connections — including with nation-state sponsored groups. They are also known to collaborate with a range of cybercrime “as-a-Service” organizations for phishing, initial access, ransomware, and more. ",{"data":45137,"content":45138,"nodeType":860},{},[45139],{"data":45140,"marks":45141,"value":45142,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s difficult to pin down exactly who the individuals are that make up this criminal collective. But what is known is their MO — making money through extortion by means of account takeover, mass data theft, and ransomware deployment. ",{"data":45144,"content":45145,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":45147,"content":45148,"nodeType":1009},{},[45149],{"data":45150,"marks":45151,"value":45153,"nodeType":864},{},[45152],{"type":899},"How did we get here? ",{"data":45155,"content":45156,"nodeType":860},{},[45157],{"data":45158,"marks":45159,"value":45160,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Earlier this year, the threat group known to most analysts as Scattered Spider (also tracked as 0ktapus, Octo Tempest, Scatter Swine, Muddled Libra, and UNC3944) re-emerged after a series of arrests in late 2024. ",{"data":45162,"content":45163,"nodeType":860},{},[45164],{"data":45165,"marks":45166,"value":45167,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This group has been active in peaks and troughs over the years, but are mainly known for high-profile ransomware attacks on Caesars and MGM Resorts in 2024. ",{"data":45169,"content":45173,"nodeType":996},{"target":45170},{"sys":45171},{"id":45172,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1Vt269d7n6IGMzOrJs1FDx",[],{"data":45175,"content":45176,"nodeType":860},{},[45177],{"data":45178,"marks":45179,"value":45180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider hit the headlines again in April 2025 with attacks on UK retailers Marks & Spencer and Co-op, which resulted in significant, prolonged disruption, and a serious downstream impact on the retail supply chain. ",{"data":45182,"content":45186,"nodeType":996},{"target":45183},{"sys":45184},{"id":45185,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3kvcGV2zZZUPnM8IK04Y1O",[],{"data":45188,"content":45189,"nodeType":860},{},[45190,45194,45202],{"data":45191,"marks":45192,"value":45193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It didn’t stop there, though. What followed was a wide-scale campaign targeting Salesforce customers, with the attackers claiming to have stolen ",{"data":45195,"content":45196,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24456},[45197],{"data":45198,"marks":45199,"value":45201,"nodeType":864},{},[45200],{"type":1455},"over 1.5 billion records from 1000+ companies",{"data":45203,"marks":45204,"value":45205,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across multiple verticals, including heavyweights like Google, Cloudflare, Workday, Adidas, FedEx, Disney, LVMH, and many more.",{"data":45207,"content":45208,"nodeType":860},{},[45209],{"data":45210,"marks":45211,"value":45212,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Around this time, the attackers began to refer to themselves as part of a wider collective, assuming the moniker “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” (a mash-up of names given by analysts and self-adopted by attackers — Scattered Spider, ShinyHunters, and Lapsus$).",{"data":45214,"content":45215,"nodeType":860},{},[45216,45220],{"data":45217,"marks":45218,"value":45219,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most significant breach this year to-date impacted Jaguar Land Rover. A ransomware attack resulted in months of disruption that directly impacted the UK’s GDP, with the government underwriting a $1.5B loan to alleviate the supply chain impact. ",{"data":45221,"marks":45222,"value":45224,"nodeType":864},{},[45223],{"type":899},"In fact, this was the most economically consequential cyber attack yet recorded in a G7 economy. ",{"data":45226,"content":45227,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":45229,"content":45230,"nodeType":1009},{},[45231],{"data":45232,"marks":45233,"value":45235,"nodeType":864},{},[45234],{"type":899},"2025 wasn’t a one-off",{"data":45237,"content":45238,"nodeType":860},{},[45239],{"data":45240,"marks":45241,"value":45242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The developments through 2025 have presented a stronger picture than ever before that cybercriminal operations are heavily interlinked. Groups overlap considerably, and individuals freely move between different cells. ",{"data":45244,"content":45245,"nodeType":860},{},[45246,45250,45255],{"data":45247,"marks":45248,"value":45249,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we scratch beneath the surface, this is evident in the tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) used by these attackers — even stretching as far back as 2021 with the initial rise of Lapsus$. This is not an accident. ",{"data":45251,"marks":45252,"value":45254,"nodeType":864},{},[45253],{"type":899},"The TTPs used show a conscious move by attackers to move away from environments that are well-protected by traditional security tools. ",{"data":45256,"marks":45257,"value":45258,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means avoiding targeting endpoints with malware, and not relying on software-based exploits. Instead, these attackers look to take over apps and services directly over the internet. ",{"data":45260,"content":45261,"nodeType":860},{},[45262],{"data":45263,"marks":45264,"value":45265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most of the time, this is as simple as logging in to a SaaS app, or an enterprise SSO account (e.g. Microsoft, Okta, or Google) and dumping the data. For attackers that want to take it further, they can abuse the sprawl of interconnected apps that make up modern business IT, seeking out specific data or exploitable functionality. Or, they can leverage internet-accessible management portals to chart a path back to your on-premise assets, giving them everything they need to pivot toward more conventional methods such as ransomware deployment. ",{"data":45267,"content":45268,"nodeType":860},{},[45269,45273],{"data":45270,"marks":45271,"value":45272,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we look at historical breaches, the pattern is clear. ",{"data":45274,"marks":45275,"value":45277,"nodeType":864},{},[45276],{"type":899},"Not one of the attacks attributed to Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters, or its predecessors, started with an endpoint or network attack — they all began with account takeover. ",{"data":45279,"content":45283,"nodeType":996},{"target":45280},{"sys":45281},{"id":45282,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6poP5VM2ARrEvwKEG42HgK",[],{"data":45285,"content":45286,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":45288,"content":45289,"nodeType":1009},{},[45290],{"data":45291,"marks":45292,"value":45294,"nodeType":864},{},[45293],{"type":899},"TTP breakdown: Analyzing the top “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” breaches since 2021",{"data":45296,"content":45297,"nodeType":1312},{},[45298],{"data":45299,"marks":45300,"value":45302,"nodeType":864},{},[45301],{"type":899},"Phishing and stolen credentials",{"data":45304,"content":45308,"nodeType":996},{"target":45305},{"sys":45306},{"id":45307,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4SNOanDIdGZsvRRnMYQVSo",[],{"data":45310,"content":45311,"nodeType":860},{},[45312],{"data":45313,"marks":45314,"value":45317,"nodeType":864},{},[45315,45316],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"EA Games (2021)",{"data":45319,"content":45320,"nodeType":860},{},[45321,45325,45334],{"data":45322,"marks":45323,"value":45324,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers used stolen session cookies to log into EA’s Slack instance, purchased on a criminal forum. Combined with ",{"data":45326,"content":45328,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45327},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-slack-persistence/",[45329],{"data":45330,"marks":45331,"value":45333,"nodeType":864},{},[45332],{"type":1455},"social engineering via Slack",{"data":45335,"marks":45336,"value":45337,"nodeType":864},{},[],", this was used to steal 750GB of data, including video game source code. ",{"data":45339,"content":45340,"nodeType":860},{},[45341],{"data":45342,"marks":45343,"value":45346,"nodeType":864},{},[45344,45345],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Nvidia (2022)",{"data":45348,"content":45349,"nodeType":860},{},[45350],{"data":45351,"marks":45352,"value":45353,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to steal 1TB of data from Nvidia’s internal shares, including a significant amount of sensitive information about the designs of Nvidia graphics cards, source code, and the usernames and passwords of more than 71,000 Nvidia employees.",{"data":45355,"content":45356,"nodeType":860},{},[45357],{"data":45358,"marks":45359,"value":45362,"nodeType":864},{},[45360,45361],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Microsoft (2022)",{"data":45364,"content":45365,"nodeType":860},{},[45366,45370,45378],{"data":45367,"marks":45368,"value":45369,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials combined with SIM swapping and ",{"data":45371,"content":45373,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45372},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_fatigue/description.md",[45374],{"data":45375,"marks":45376,"value":45377,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA fatigue",{"data":45379,"marks":45380,"value":45381,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks to steal Azure DevOps source code — leaked a 9GB archive of Microsoft source code – including ~90% of Bing and 45% of Cortana code. ",{"data":45383,"content":45384,"nodeType":860},{},[45385],{"data":45386,"marks":45387,"value":45390,"nodeType":864},{},[45388,45389],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"T-Mobile (2022)",{"data":45392,"content":45393,"nodeType":860},{},[45394],{"data":45395,"marks":45396,"value":45397,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to establish initial access, coupled with social engineering T-Mobile staff into approving the attacker’s device for VPN access. This resulted in source code being stolen from over 30,000 repositories. ",{"data":45399,"content":45400,"nodeType":860},{},[45401],{"data":45402,"marks":45403,"value":45406,"nodeType":864},{},[45404,45405],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Snowflake (165 customers) (2024)",{"data":45408,"content":45409,"nodeType":860},{},[45410,45414,45422,45426,45434],{"data":45411,"marks":45412,"value":45413,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers targeted ",{"data":45415,"content":45416,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[45417],{"data":45418,"marks":45419,"value":45421,"nodeType":864},{},[45420],{"type":1455},"165 Snowflake customers",{"data":45423,"marks":45424,"value":45425,"nodeType":864},{},[]," using stolen credentials from credential breaches dating back as far as 2020. Due to widespread MFA gaps and the presence of ",{"data":45427,"content":45429,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45428},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/ghost_logins/description.md",[45430],{"data":45431,"marks":45432,"value":28976,"nodeType":864},{},[45433],{"type":1455},{"data":45435,"marks":45436,"value":45437,"nodeType":864},{},[],", attackers were able to simply log in to individual customer tenants, dump the data, and use it to extort the companies. In total, 9 public victims were named following the breach, with over 1B breached customer records. ",{"data":45439,"content":45440,"nodeType":860},{},[45441],{"data":45442,"marks":45443,"value":45446,"nodeType":864},{},[45444,45445],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"PowerSchool (2024)",{"data":45448,"content":45449,"nodeType":860},{},[45450],{"data":45451,"marks":45452,"value":45453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers gained access to a community-focused customer support portal, PowerSource, using compromised credentials and stole data using an \"export data manager\" customer support tool, stealing the data of 62.4 million students and 9.5 million teachers. PowerSchool paid an undisclosed ransom fee, but hackers returned later to extort schools and individuals separately anyway.",{"data":45455,"content":45456,"nodeType":860},{},[45457],{"data":45458,"marks":45459,"value":45462,"nodeType":864},{},[45460,45461],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Red Hat (2025)",{"data":45464,"content":45465,"nodeType":860},{},[45466,45470,45477],{"data":45467,"marks":45468,"value":45469,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers breached Red Hat’s GitLab instance via a compromised account — the result of ",{"data":45471,"content":45472,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45428},[45473],{"data":45474,"marks":45475,"value":28976,"nodeType":864},{},[45476],{"type":1455},{"data":45478,"marks":45479,"value":45480,"nodeType":864},{},[]," providing a backdoor to access an otherwise secure, SSO-connected account. Stolen data included approximately 800 Customer Engagement Reports (CERs), authentication tokens, full database URIs, and other private information in Red Hat code and CERs, which they claimed to use to gain access to downstream customer infrastructure. ",{"data":45482,"content":45486,"nodeType":996},{"target":45483},{"sys":45484},{"id":45485,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"G1V7d5Dvevmr9p0YXElPX",[],{"data":45488,"content":45489,"nodeType":860},{},[45490],{"data":45491,"marks":45492,"value":45495,"nodeType":864},{},[45493,45494],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Discord (2025)",{"data":45497,"content":45498,"nodeType":860},{},[45499],{"data":45500,"marks":45501,"value":45502,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Zendesk customer support account, stealing 1.6TB of data. The hackers say this consisted of roughly 8.4 million tickets affecting 5.5 million unique users, and that about 580,000 users contained payment information.",{"data":45504,"content":45505,"nodeType":860},{},[45506],{"data":45507,"marks":45508,"value":45511,"nodeType":864},{},[45509,45510],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"SoundCloud, MatchGroup, Crunchbase, Betterment... (2026)",{"data":45513,"content":45514,"nodeType":860},{},[45515,45519,45527,45530,45538,45542,45549],{"data":45516,"marks":45517,"value":45518,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters have already claimed several public victims in 2026, with over 60 million breached records. ",{"data":45520,"content":45522,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45521},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claim-to-be-behind-sso-account-data-theft-attacks/",[45523],{"data":45524,"marks":45525,"value":45526,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SoundCloud, Betterment, Crunchbase",{"data":45528,"marks":45529,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45531,"content":45533,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45532},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/match-group-breach-exposes-data-from-hinge-tinder-okcupid-and-match/",[45534],{"data":45535,"marks":45536,"value":45537,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MatchGroup",{"data":45539,"marks":45540,"value":45541,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have all reported breaches this month, powered by a brand ",{"data":45543,"content":45544,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7514},[45545],{"data":45546,"marks":45547,"value":45548,"nodeType":864},{},[],"new real-time-operated AiTM phishing kit",{"data":45550,"marks":45551,"value":45552,"nodeType":864},{},[]," targeting Okta, Entra, and Google SSO accounts. This is a developing situation, with more victims expected to be announced publicly soon.",{"data":45554,"content":45555,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":45557,"content":45558,"nodeType":1312},{},[45559],{"data":45560,"marks":45561,"value":45563,"nodeType":864},{},[45562],{"type":899},"Vishing and help desk scams",{"data":45565,"content":45566,"nodeType":860},{},[45567],{"data":45568,"marks":45569,"value":45572,"nodeType":864},{},[45570,45571],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"MGM Resorts & Caesars (2023)",{"data":45574,"content":45575,"nodeType":860},{},[45576,45580,45589],{"data":45577,"marks":45578,"value":45579,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MGM Resorts and Caesars were hit with twin breaches in 2023. Attackers socially engineered help desk personnel to take over accounts with Super Administrator privileges within MGM Resorts’ Okta tenant, which they then used to register a second, attacker-controlled IdP via ",{"data":45581,"content":45583,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45582},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/inbound_federation/description.md",[45584],{"data":45585,"marks":45586,"value":45588,"nodeType":864},{},[45587],{"type":1455},"inbound federation",{"data":45590,"marks":45591,"value":45592,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — granting comprehensive access that was used to deploy ransomware. ",{"data":45594,"content":45595,"nodeType":860},{},[45596],{"data":45597,"marks":45598,"value":45601,"nodeType":864},{},[45599,45600],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Transport for London (2024)",{"data":45603,"content":45604,"nodeType":860},{},[45605],{"data":45606,"marks":45607,"value":45608,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers socially engineered the Transport for London help desk to gain privileged access to the IT environment, resulting in prolonged disruption to key online services underpinning London’s public transport network, theft of 5,000 users bank details, and all 30,000 staff members having to reset their online credentials in person.",{"data":45610,"content":45611,"nodeType":860},{},[45612],{"data":45613,"marks":45614,"value":45617,"nodeType":864},{},[45615,45616],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Marks & Spencer (2025)",{"data":45619,"content":45620,"nodeType":860},{},[45621,45625,45634,45638,45647],{"data":45622,"marks":45623,"value":45624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Microsoft Entra account belonging to a privileged user via a ",{"data":45626,"content":45628,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45627},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-spider-defending-against-help-desk-scams/",[45629],{"data":45630,"marks":45631,"value":45633,"nodeType":864},{},[45632],{"type":1455},"help desk scam",{"data":45635,"marks":45636,"value":45637,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which enabled them to steal sensitive data from cloud environments, as well as pivot to deploy ransomware via the ",{"data":45639,"content":45641,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45640},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/vsphere-active-directory-integration-risks",[45642],{"data":45643,"marks":45644,"value":45646,"nodeType":864},{},[45645],{"type":1455},"VMware admin console",{"data":45648,"marks":45649,"value":45650,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This enabled ransomware to be deployed at the hypervisor layer, evading host-based protections like EDR. ",{"data":45652,"content":45656,"nodeType":996},{"target":45653},{"sys":45654},{"id":45655,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7hBdHG74NaA3bQfOMpYA9o",[],{"data":45658,"content":45659,"nodeType":860},{},[45660],{"data":45661,"marks":45662,"value":45665,"nodeType":864},{},[45663,45664],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Jaguar Land Rover (2025)",{"data":45667,"content":45668,"nodeType":860},{},[45669],{"data":45670,"marks":45671,"value":45672,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers compromised highly privileged admin accounts via a help desk scam, which they leveraged to access and deploy ransomware to all aspects of Jaguar’s business, from CAD and engineering software, to payments tracking, to customer car delivery, using similar techniques to the Marks & Spencer breach. ",{"data":45674,"content":45678,"nodeType":996},{"target":45675},{"sys":45676},{"id":45677,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6s1X2fo4K9EeVLBmHm4YXb",[],{"data":45680,"content":45681,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":45683,"content":45684,"nodeType":1312},{},[45685],{"data":45686,"marks":45687,"value":694,"nodeType":864},{},[45688],{"type":899},{"data":45690,"content":45691,"nodeType":860},{},[45692],{"data":45693,"marks":45694,"value":45697,"nodeType":864},{},[45695,45696],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Salesforce & Salesloft (1000+ customers) (2025)",{"data":45699,"content":45700,"nodeType":860},{},[45701],{"data":45702,"marks":45703,"value":45704,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A vast campaign against Salesforce customers resulted in the compromise of 1000+ Salesforce tenants (according to the attacker) with more than 1.5 billion records stolen. This campaign can consisted of three phases:",{"data":45706,"content":45707,"nodeType":941},{},[45708,45723,45738],{"data":45709,"content":45710,"nodeType":945},{},[45711],{"data":45712,"content":45713,"nodeType":860},{},[45714,45719],{"data":45715,"marks":45716,"value":45718,"nodeType":864},{},[45717],{"type":899},"Phase 1:",{"data":45720,"marks":45721,"value":45722,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The attacker conducted a large-scale vishing campaign against Salesforce customers, calling up users and socially engineering them into connecting a malicious version of the “Data Loader” app into their tenant. This was in fact an attacker-controlled app that enabled data to be mass-exfiltrated via API. ",{"data":45724,"content":45725,"nodeType":945},{},[45726],{"data":45727,"content":45728,"nodeType":860},{},[45729,45734],{"data":45730,"marks":45731,"value":45733,"nodeType":864},{},[45732],{"type":899},"Phase 2: ",{"data":45735,"marks":45736,"value":45737,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker conducted a supply-chain compromise against customers of Salesloft. Users of Salesloft’s “Drift” integration were impacted by attackers stealing access tokens from Salesloft’s AWS environment. This integration allowed the attacker to steal data from customers that had deployed Drift to connected environments — namely, Salesforce, and Google Workspace. ",{"data":45739,"content":45740,"nodeType":945},{},[45741],{"data":45742,"content":45743,"nodeType":860},{},[45744,45749,45753,45760],{"data":45745,"marks":45746,"value":45748,"nodeType":864},{},[45747],{"type":899},"Phase 3:",{"data":45750,"marks":45751,"value":45752,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The attacker then conducted a separate supply-chain compromise involving Gainsight (allegedly using OAuth tokens stolen in the Salesloft attack) which enabled them to ",{"data":45754,"content":45755,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24469},[45756],{"data":45757,"marks":45758,"value":45759,"nodeType":864},{},[],"breach a further 285 Salesforce instances",{"data":45761,"marks":45762,"value":45763,"nodeType":864},{},[]," using stolen OAuth tokens from Gainsight's integrations. ",{"data":45765,"content":45769,"nodeType":996},{"target":45766},{"sys":45767},{"id":45768,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3TwjpVKQ42SwQRhvGFbZdn",[],{"data":45771,"content":45772,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":45774,"content":45775,"nodeType":1312},{},[45776],{"data":45777,"marks":45778,"value":699,"nodeType":864},{},[45779],{"type":899},{"data":45781,"content":45782,"nodeType":860},{},[45783],{"data":45784,"marks":45785,"value":45788,"nodeType":864},{},[45786,45787],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"CyberHaven (2024)",{"data":45790,"content":45791,"nodeType":860},{},[45792],{"data":45793,"marks":45794,"value":45795,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hackers phished a CyberHaven extension developer and uploaded a malicious version of the CyberHaven extension to the Chrome Web Store, leading to customer data breaches where installed in user browsers, impacting CyberHaven’s estimated ~400 business customers. This was part of a broader campaign that targeted 35 Chrome extensions, collectively impacting over 2.5 million users.",{"data":45797,"content":45801,"nodeType":996},{"target":45798},{"sys":45799},{"id":45800,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ErDI0xi0Vj2Zrk8Qsb2NB",[],{"data":45803,"content":45804,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":45806,"content":45807,"nodeType":1009},{},[45808],{"data":45809,"marks":45810,"value":6775,"nodeType":864},{},[45811],{"type":899},{"data":45813,"content":45814,"nodeType":860},{},[45815],{"data":45816,"marks":45817,"value":45818,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters are dominating the headlines right now, but they aren’t the only attackers using these modern techniques and consciously evading established security controls. ",{"data":45820,"content":45821,"nodeType":860},{},[45822],{"data":45823,"marks":45824,"value":45825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Threat reports agree that attackers are steering away from traditional exploit and malware-driven breaches towards identities:",{"data":45827,"content":45828,"nodeType":941},{},[45829,45851,45873],{"data":45830,"content":45831,"nodeType":945},{},[45832],{"data":45833,"content":45834,"nodeType":860},{},[45835,45839,45847],{"data":45836,"marks":45837,"value":45838,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity-based attacks surged 32% in the last year, while 97% of identity attacks are password-based, driven by credential leaks and infostealer malware. (",{"data":45840,"content":45842,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45841},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf#page=1",[45843],{"data":45844,"marks":45845,"value":42344,"nodeType":864},{},[45846],{"type":1455},{"data":45848,"marks":45849,"value":45850,"nodeType":864},{},[],")",{"data":45852,"content":45853,"nodeType":945},{},[45854],{"data":45855,"content":45856,"nodeType":860},{},[45857,45861,45870],{"data":45858,"marks":45859,"value":45860,"nodeType":864},{},[],"79% of detections were malware-free in the last year, up from 40% in 2019. (",{"data":45862,"content":45864,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45863},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/global-threat-report/",[45865],{"data":45866,"marks":45867,"value":45869,"nodeType":864},{},[45868],{"type":1455},"CrowdStrike",{"data":45871,"marks":45872,"value":45850,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45874,"content":45875,"nodeType":945},{},[45876],{"data":45877,"content":45878,"nodeType":860},{},[45879,45883,45891],{"data":45880,"marks":45881,"value":45882,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credential abuse and phishing combined accounted for 38% of breaches, making identity the primary breach vector observed. (",{"data":45884,"content":45885,"nodeType":883},{"uri":11703},[45886],{"data":45887,"marks":45888,"value":45890,"nodeType":864},{},[45889],{"type":1455},"Verizon",{"data":45892,"marks":45893,"value":45850,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":45895,"content":45896,"nodeType":860},{},[45897],{"data":45898,"marks":45899,"value":45900,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And other public breaches from this year alone demonstrate similar TTPs from outside of the Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters orbit:",{"data":45902,"content":45903,"nodeType":941},{},[45904,45919,45934,45949],{"data":45905,"content":45906,"nodeType":945},{},[45907],{"data":45908,"content":45909,"nodeType":860},{},[45910,45915],{"data":45911,"marks":45912,"value":45914,"nodeType":864},{},[45913],{"type":899},"Nikkei",{"data":45916,"marks":45917,"value":45918,"nodeType":864},{},[],": Japanese publishing giant Nikkei’s Slack messaging platform was compromised using stolen credentials, leaking the names, email addresses, and chat histories for 17,368 individuals registered on Slack.",{"data":45920,"content":45921,"nodeType":945},{},[45922],{"data":45923,"content":45924,"nodeType":860},{},[45925,45930],{"data":45926,"marks":45927,"value":45929,"nodeType":864},{},[45928],{"type":899},"Evertec",{"data":45931,"marks":45932,"value":45933,"nodeType":864},{},[],": Hackers tried to steal $130 million from Evertec’s Brazilian subsidiary Sinqia S.A.after gaining unauthorized access to its environment on the central bank’s real-time payment system (Pix) using stolen credentials.",{"data":45935,"content":45936,"nodeType":945},{},[45937],{"data":45938,"content":45939,"nodeType":860},{},[45940,45945],{"data":45941,"marks":45942,"value":45944,"nodeType":864},{},[45943],{"type":899},"Hy-Vee:",{"data":45946,"marks":45947,"value":45948,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Was hit with a data breach after hackers logged in with stolen credentials, exposing 53GB of sensitive data.",{"data":45950,"content":45951,"nodeType":945},{},[45952],{"data":45953,"content":45954,"nodeType":860},{},[45955,45960],{"data":45956,"marks":45957,"value":45959,"nodeType":864},{},[45958],{"type":899},"Scania: ",{"data":45961,"marks":45962,"value":45963,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automotive giant Scania confirmed it suffered a cybersecurity incident where threat actors used compromised credentials to breach its Financial Services systems and steal insurance claim documents.",{"data":45965,"content":45966,"nodeType":860},{},[45967],{"data":45968,"marks":45969,"value":45970,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters may be grabbing the headlines — but this a huge movement in a vast and flexible community of attackers. And criminals around the world are learning from their success. ",{"data":45972,"content":45973,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":45975,"content":45976,"nodeType":1009},{},[45977],{"data":45978,"marks":45979,"value":45981,"nodeType":864},{},[45980],{"type":899},"Lessons learned",{"data":45983,"content":45984,"nodeType":860},{},[45985],{"data":45986,"marks":45987,"value":45988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The common thread with all of these attacks is that they are evading established security controls by targeting applications directly, over the internet, via account takeover.",{"data":45990,"content":45991,"nodeType":860},{},[45992],{"data":45993,"marks":45994,"value":45995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clearly, the success of these attacks shows the limitations of multiple control layers. Endpoint and network layer controls have no visibility of this attack surface. Identity-focused controls are being undermined by ghost logins and shadow IT. And the limitations of cloud security controls in their ability to encompass all apps, and detect and stop malicious actions in real-time (that often blend in seamlessly with normal user activity). ",{"data":45997,"content":46001,"nodeType":996},{"target":45998},{"sys":45999},{"id":46000,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Dg3fZEGf7ShyQJ8jlNDME",[],{"data":46003,"content":46004,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":46006,"content":46007,"nodeType":1009},{},[46008],{"data":46009,"marks":46010,"value":12066,"nodeType":864},{},[46011],{"type":899},{"data":46013,"content":46014,"nodeType":860},{},[46015],{"data":46016,"marks":46017,"value":46018,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stopping attacks that are designed to evade established controls is in our DNA — it’s the reason Push was founded. ",{"data":46020,"content":46021,"nodeType":860},{},[46022],{"data":46023,"marks":46024,"value":46025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is the gateway to to the apps and identities that attackers are now targeting, with many attacks taking place inside the user’s browser — whether that’s entering credentials onto a phishing page, approving a malicious OAuth grant, installing a risky browser extension, or insecurely accessing an app with a weak password and no MFA. ",{"data":46027,"content":46028,"nodeType":860},{},[46029],{"data":46030,"marks":46031,"value":46032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":46034,"content":46035,"nodeType":860},{},[46036,46039,46046,46050,46057],{"data":46037,"marks":46038,"value":24766,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46040,"content":46041,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24769},[46042],{"data":46043,"marks":46044,"value":24774,"nodeType":864},{},[46045],{"type":1455},{"data":46047,"marks":46048,"value":46049,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or ",{"data":46051,"content":46052,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[46053],{"data":46054,"marks":46055,"value":24797,"nodeType":864},{},[46056],{"type":1455},{"data":46058,"marks":46059,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters\" — how modern attackers exploit the gaps in your security stack ","How Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters breaches demonstrate the evolution of attacker TTPs, shaping the future of cyber attacks.","2025-11-13T00:00:00.000Z","scattered-lapsus-hunters",{"items":46065},[46066,46068],{"sys":46067,"name":7848},{"id":7847},{"sys":46069,"name":342},{"id":7851},{"items":46071},[46072],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":46073},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":46075,"content":46077,"title":47418,"synopsis":47419,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":47420,"slug":47421,"tagsCollection":47422,"authorsCollection":47428},{"id":46076},"wI3paLVDlEKdaRI5qMYFc",{"json":46078},{"data":46079,"content":46080,"nodeType":856},{},[46081,46088,46111,46118,46124,46131,46138,46145,46151,46154,46162,46169,46175,46181,46197,46398,46410,46418,46425,46432,46439,46459,46465,46472,46475,46483,46490,46523,46530,46546,46567,46602,46608,46615,46634,46641,46648,46651,46659,46666,46757,46764,46771,46779,46786,46793,46800,46806,46814,46821,46828,46835,46841,46848,46856,46874,46882,46889,46895,46898,46906,46913,46920,47029,47035,47042,47049,47056,47063,47070,47078,47085,47092,47116,47122,47138,47152,47167,47173,47181,47188,47196,47203,47206,47214,47221,47253,47259,47281,47288,47291,47299,47306,47322,47328,47335,47342,47345,47352,47370,47377],{"data":46082,"content":46083,"nodeType":860},{},[46084],{"data":46085,"marks":46086,"value":46087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here are two things that can’t both be true:",{"data":46089,"content":46090,"nodeType":941},{},[46091,46101],{"data":46092,"content":46093,"nodeType":945},{},[46094],{"data":46095,"content":46096,"nodeType":860},{},[46097],{"data":46098,"marks":46099,"value":46100,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Users are the weakest link in security. They just need to stop clicking on things.",{"data":46102,"content":46103,"nodeType":945},{},[46104],{"data":46105,"content":46106,"nodeType":860},{},[46107],{"data":46108,"marks":46109,"value":46110,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The internet is a giant clicking-on-things machine.",{"data":46112,"content":46113,"nodeType":860},{},[46114],{"data":46115,"marks":46116,"value":46117,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In particular, when we look at the TTPs of modern browser-based attacks that target employees, it’s obvious where this disconnect has real consequences. ",{"data":46119,"content":46123,"nodeType":996},{"target":46120},{"sys":46121},{"id":46122,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2x3blnHzZYcJ8c439C4NqI",[],{"data":46125,"content":46126,"nodeType":860},{},[46127],{"data":46128,"marks":46129,"value":46130,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s why: Security tooling hasn’t kept up with adversary advances, and normal human behaviors are being expressly targeted via the browser to achieve compromise of accounts and endpoints. If you list the pitfalls facing the common end-user encountering these kinds of attack methods, the picture becomes even more stark.",{"data":46132,"content":46133,"nodeType":860},{},[46134],{"data":46135,"marks":46136,"value":46137,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To solve these problems, you need security tooling that sits in line with the user where they’re already working: In the browser. In this Push product guide, we’ll cover how you can use Push to provide point-in-time guidance — everything from block pages to informational banners — to protect users from modern browser-based TTPs and to guide them to remediate common vulnerabilities that can lead to account takeover.",{"data":46139,"content":46140,"nodeType":860},{},[46141],{"data":46142,"marks":46143,"value":46144,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve also recently introduced custom branding and styling options for user-facing block pages and banners so you can provide a cohesive and trustworthy experience across your security ecosystem.",{"data":46146,"content":46150,"nodeType":996},{"target":46147},{"sys":46148},{"id":46149,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7fwCnr9bz76rWWCL6EReOT",[],{"data":46152,"content":46153,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":46155,"content":46156,"nodeType":1009},{},[46157],{"data":46158,"marks":46159,"value":46161,"nodeType":864},{},[46160],{"type":899},"Why you can’t train users to recognize modern browser-based attack methods",{"data":46163,"content":46164,"nodeType":860},{},[46165],{"data":46166,"marks":46167,"value":46168,"nodeType":864},{},[],"User awareness training can help you build your workforce’s basic security baseline. But it’s not a reliable remedy for modern browser-based TTPs. When you look at the creative methods attackers are using — and rapidly improving on — it’s obvious why.",{"data":46170,"content":46174,"nodeType":996},{"target":46171},{"sys":46172},{"id":46173,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"eHla7GPCH5eTpdfEqW5Zo",[],{"data":46176,"content":46180,"nodeType":996},{"target":46177},{"sys":46178},{"id":46179,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"29vUtbEUam8fhbwnQdINRJ",[],{"data":46182,"content":46183,"nodeType":860},{},[46184,46188,46193],{"data":46185,"marks":46186,"value":46187,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To avoid account or endpoint compromise while going about your daily work as a user, you would need to accomplish these ",{"data":46189,"marks":46190,"value":46192,"nodeType":864},{},[46191],{"type":2246},"extremely 100% achievable activities",{"data":46194,"marks":46195,"value":46196,"nodeType":864},{},[],", including:",{"data":46198,"content":46199,"nodeType":4845},{},[46200,46225,46266,46289,46323,46355],{"data":46201,"content":46202,"nodeType":4581},{},[46203,46214],{"data":46204,"content":46205,"nodeType":8537},{},[46206],{"data":46207,"content":46208,"nodeType":860},{},[46209],{"data":46210,"marks":46211,"value":46213,"nodeType":864},{},[46212],{"type":899},"Scenario",{"data":46215,"content":46216,"nodeType":8537},{},[46217],{"data":46218,"content":46219,"nodeType":860},{},[46220],{"data":46221,"marks":46222,"value":46224,"nodeType":864},{},[46223],{"type":899},"Threat",{"data":46226,"content":46227,"nodeType":4581},{},[46228,46252],{"data":46229,"content":46230,"nodeType":4569},{},[46231],{"data":46232,"content":46233,"nodeType":860},{},[46234,46238,46248],{"data":46235,"marks":46236,"value":46237,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While using search engines, never click on a ",{"data":46239,"content":46243,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46240},{"sys":46241},{"id":46242,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2YmiesBvJHGw4wiKEKzLUq",[46244],{"data":46245,"marks":46246,"value":46247,"nodeType":864},{},[],"malicious link",{"data":46249,"marks":46250,"value":46251,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in sponsored or organic results (it's often the first link you see, too).",{"data":46253,"content":46254,"nodeType":4569},{},[46255],{"data":46256,"content":46257,"nodeType":860},{},[46258,46262],{"data":46259,"marks":46260,"value":46261,"nodeType":864},{},[],"M",{"data":46263,"marks":46264,"value":46265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"alvertising, SEO poisoning, compromised legitimate webpages, vibecoded phishing webpages.",{"data":46267,"content":46268,"nodeType":4581},{},[46269,46279],{"data":46270,"content":46271,"nodeType":4569},{},[46272],{"data":46273,"content":46274,"nodeType":860},{},[46275],{"data":46276,"marks":46277,"value":46278,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Know when to trust an email coming from an app you use every day, and when it could be malicious (it looks the same).",{"data":46280,"content":46281,"nodeType":4569},{},[46282],{"data":46283,"content":46284,"nodeType":860},{},[46285],{"data":46286,"marks":46287,"value":46288,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using SaaS services to distribute malicious links using trusted sites (also a handy way of evading email controls).",{"data":46290,"content":46291,"nodeType":4581},{},[46292,46313],{"data":46293,"content":46294,"nodeType":4569},{},[46295],{"data":46296,"content":46297,"nodeType":860},{},[46298,46302,46310],{"data":46299,"marks":46300,"value":46301,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When reading a LinkedIn DM from a colleague, anticipate that they might have been hacked and have sent you a malicious link. (Yes, this was a ",{"data":46303,"content":46305,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46304},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-push-stopped-a-high-risk-linkedin-spear-phishing-attack/",[46306],{"data":46307,"marks":46308,"value":46309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"real scenario",{"data":46311,"marks":46312,"value":8388,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46314,"content":46315,"nodeType":4569},{},[46316],{"data":46317,"content":46318,"nodeType":860},{},[46319],{"data":46320,"marks":46321,"value":46322,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Abuse of social media, IM platforms, and other apps where you can be directly contacted by users external to your organization. ",{"data":46324,"content":46325,"nodeType":4581},{},[46326,46336],{"data":46327,"content":46328,"nodeType":4569},{},[46329],{"data":46330,"content":46331,"nodeType":860},{},[46332],{"data":46333,"marks":46334,"value":46335,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When logging in to an app, never follow benign-seeming but actually malicious instructions to enter a code onto a legitimate page to complete your login.",{"data":46337,"content":46338,"nodeType":4569},{},[46339],{"data":46340,"content":46341,"nodeType":860},{},[46342,46346,46352],{"data":46343,"marks":46344,"value":46345,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing, OAuth consent phishing, ",{"data":46347,"content":46348,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[46349],{"data":46350,"marks":46351,"value":41985,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46353,"marks":46354,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46356,"content":46357,"nodeType":4581},{},[46358,46368],{"data":46359,"content":46360,"nodeType":4569},{},[46361],{"data":46362,"content":46363,"nodeType":860},{},[46364],{"data":46365,"marks":46366,"value":46367,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Know which instructions to follow and which are malicious when verifying that you're human on a CAPTCHA-style page.",{"data":46369,"content":46370,"nodeType":4569},{},[46371],{"data":46372,"content":46373,"nodeType":860},{},[46374,46377,46384,46388,46394],{"data":46375,"marks":46376,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46378,"content":46380,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46379},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-most-advanced-clickfix-yet/",[46381],{"data":46382,"marks":46383,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46385,"marks":46386,"value":46387,"nodeType":864},{},[],"-style attacks that trick the user into running a malicious script or command, or ",{"data":46389,"content":46390,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7291},[46391],{"data":46392,"marks":46393,"value":7296,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46395,"marks":46396,"value":46397,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (which is even sneakier and simply involves copying a URL).",{"data":46399,"content":46400,"nodeType":860},{},[46401,46405],{"data":46402,"marks":46403,"value":46404,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And we're barely scratching the surface here. ",{"data":46406,"marks":46407,"value":46409,"nodeType":864},{},[46408],{"type":899},"Easy, right?",{"data":46411,"content":46412,"nodeType":1312},{},[46413],{"data":46414,"marks":46415,"value":46417,"nodeType":864},{},[46416],{"type":899},"Can't we block users from interacting with bad content? ",{"data":46419,"content":46420,"nodeType":860},{},[46421],{"data":46422,"marks":46423,"value":46424,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So if you can’t train your way out of these problems, what about locking down and blocking your way out of the problem?",{"data":46426,"content":46427,"nodeType":860},{},[46428],{"data":46429,"marks":46430,"value":46431,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This, too, simply isn’t really feasible. ",{"data":46433,"content":46434,"nodeType":860},{},[46435],{"data":46436,"marks":46437,"value":46438,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern cloud-first adversaries routinely rotate domains on malicious pages; use trusted services like SharePoint, Adobe, Google Sites, Cloudflare, and Atlassian to deliver lures; target end-users across multiple channels, including social media, forums, chat platforms, Google search results, email, and webpages; and use legitimate security tools like bot protection to bypass detection by other legitimate security tools, such as web content scanning and analysis solutions.",{"data":46440,"content":46441,"nodeType":860},{},[46442,46446,46450,46455],{"data":46443,"marks":46444,"value":46445,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To safely navigate the internet today, y",{"data":46447,"marks":46448,"value":46449,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ou need to be able to spot malicious pages and content ",{"data":46451,"marks":46452,"value":46454,"nodeType":864},{},[46453],{"type":899},"the first time they're seen in the wild",{"data":46456,"marks":46457,"value":46458,"nodeType":864},{},[],". If you're relying on indicators of known bad, you're always a step behind, leaving users exposed.",{"data":46460,"content":46464,"nodeType":996},{"target":46461},{"sys":46462},{"id":46463,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ZfqOLRdJZJIc78rj9E9JZ",[],{"data":46466,"content":46467,"nodeType":860},{},[46468],{"data":46469,"marks":46470,"value":46471,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To protect users while they work online, you need a purpose-built security tool that can respond in real time to modern TTPs and guide users securely — without introducing extra work or a lot of friction. Push can help with that.",{"data":46473,"content":46474,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":46476,"content":46477,"nodeType":1009},{},[46478],{"data":46479,"marks":46480,"value":46482,"nodeType":864},{},[46481],{"type":899},"Why in-browser controls?",{"data":46484,"content":46485,"nodeType":860},{},[46486],{"data":46487,"marks":46488,"value":46489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Simply put, using in-browser security controls gets you the closest to the user and their work in order to protect them from modern browser-based threats. Adding in-browser controls also solves two tricky problems for security teams: ",{"data":46491,"content":46492,"nodeType":941},{},[46493,46508],{"data":46494,"content":46495,"nodeType":945},{},[46496],{"data":46497,"content":46498,"nodeType":860},{},[46499,46504],{"data":46500,"marks":46501,"value":46503,"nodeType":864},{},[46502],{"type":899},"Filling the gap between solution layers",{"data":46505,"marks":46506,"value":46507,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in order to detect and block attack methods like Adversary-in-the-Middle phishing, malicious browser extensions, and ClickFix-style social engineering attacks that other tools miss.",{"data":46509,"content":46510,"nodeType":945},{},[46511],{"data":46512,"content":46513,"nodeType":860},{},[46514,46519],{"data":46515,"marks":46516,"value":46518,"nodeType":864},{},[46517],{"type":899},"Providing just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":46520,"marks":46521,"value":46522,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to end-users when it’s the right moment to act on that guidance, reducing your attack surface across your online apps, browser extensions, and accounts, and ensuring your app usage policies are followed.",{"data":46524,"content":46525,"nodeType":1312},{},[46526],{"data":46527,"marks":46528,"value":46529,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Fill the gap between solution layers",{"data":46531,"content":46532,"nodeType":860},{},[46533,46537,46542],{"data":46534,"marks":46535,"value":46536,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most existing security solutions operate just ",{"data":46538,"marks":46539,"value":46541,"nodeType":864},{},[46540],{"type":2246},"outside",{"data":46543,"marks":46544,"value":46545,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the context of a user interacting with a webpage. This leaves blind spots that attackers are exploiting between layers of security tooling.",{"data":46547,"content":46548,"nodeType":860},{},[46549,46553,46563],{"data":46550,"marks":46551,"value":46552,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, network proxies see HTTP requests, URLs, and page headers, but not the ",{"data":46554,"content":46558,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46555},{"sys":46556},{"id":46557,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5caCcGCqMMPm5KlwUv0sbz",[46559],{"data":46560,"marks":46561,"value":46562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"structural elements",{"data":46564,"marks":46565,"value":46566,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of the DOM or on-page user interactions that are key to fingerprinting the behavior of AiTM phishing kits or ClickFix-style social engineering attacks. ",{"data":46568,"content":46569,"nodeType":860},{},[46570,46574,46584,46588,46598],{"data":46571,"marks":46572,"value":46573,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similarly, ",{"data":46575,"content":46579,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46576},{"sys":46577},{"id":46578,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6YWYKGESlyUKQxvhKmBzeH",[46580],{"data":46581,"marks":46582,"value":46583,"nodeType":864},{},[],"EDR tools",{"data":46585,"marks":46586,"value":46587,"nodeType":864},{},[]," only see the bad thing when it hits the endpoint, and many ",{"data":46589,"content":46593,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46590},{"sys":46591},{"id":46592,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2k2aDK5dyQKlQBrk66pMXE",[46594],{"data":46595,"marks":46596,"value":46597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"cloud security tools",{"data":46599,"marks":46600,"value":46601,"nodeType":864},{},[]," rely on complex policy configurations across a core set of apps to provide security protection — leaving a gap in detection and response capabilities outside their purview.",{"data":46603,"content":46607,"nodeType":996},{"target":46604},{"sys":46605},{"id":46606,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"50NyBpr96dKspvTzJTBOlC",[],{"data":46609,"content":46610,"nodeType":1312},{},[46611],{"data":46612,"marks":46613,"value":46614,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Provide just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":46616,"content":46617,"nodeType":860},{},[46618,46622,46630],{"data":46619,"marks":46620,"value":46621,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As some of our customers like to say, Push provides security teams with a ",{"data":46623,"content":46625,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46624},"/customer-stories/upvest",[46626],{"data":46627,"marks":46628,"value":46629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“seat on the user’s side”",{"data":46631,"marks":46632,"value":46633,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of the equation so you can enforce security best practices.",{"data":46635,"content":46636,"nodeType":860},{},[46637],{"data":46638,"marks":46639,"value":46640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Having that seat on the user’s side also helps you deliver guidance in the right context for it to be followed: When the user is engaged in doing the behavior you want to influence (or prevent). The right information, at the right time, in the right format — not a belated reminder through a different channel that’s easy to ignore.",{"data":46642,"content":46643,"nodeType":860},{},[46644],{"data":46645,"marks":46646,"value":46647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With those outcomes in mind, let’s look at some specific solutions from the Push platform.",{"data":46649,"content":46650,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":46652,"content":46653,"nodeType":1009},{},[46654],{"data":46655,"marks":46656,"value":46658,"nodeType":864},{},[46657],{"type":899},"How Push helps you protect users from browser-based ATO, ClickFix, and similar attacks",{"data":46660,"content":46661,"nodeType":860},{},[46662],{"data":46663,"marks":46664,"value":46665,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push platform provides out-of-the-box detections for browser-based attacks, including:",{"data":46667,"content":46668,"nodeType":941},{},[46669,46692,46715,46735],{"data":46670,"content":46671,"nodeType":945},{},[46672],{"data":46673,"content":46674,"nodeType":860},{},[46675,46678,46688],{"data":46676,"marks":46677,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46679,"content":46683,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46680},{"sys":46681},{"id":46682,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7KRnTSnJAbbiho69gNyN0B",[46684],{"data":46685,"marks":46686,"value":46687,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing kits",{"data":46689,"marks":46690,"value":46691,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that can bypass MFA",{"data":46693,"content":46694,"nodeType":945},{},[46695],{"data":46696,"content":46697,"nodeType":860},{},[46698,46701,46711],{"data":46699,"marks":46700,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46702,"content":46706,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46703},{"sys":46704},{"id":46705,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"jN3GN5ddMJZiDtl0fgUVd",[46707],{"data":46708,"marks":46709,"value":46710,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloned login pages",{"data":46712,"marks":46713,"value":46714,"nodeType":864},{},[]," designed to steal user credentials",{"data":46716,"content":46717,"nodeType":945},{},[46718],{"data":46719,"content":46720,"nodeType":860},{},[46721,46724,46732],{"data":46722,"marks":46723,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46725,"content":46728,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46726},{"sys":46727},{"id":5792,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[46729],{"data":46730,"marks":46731,"value":699,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46733,"marks":46734,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46736,"content":46737,"nodeType":945},{},[46738],{"data":46739,"content":46740,"nodeType":860},{},[46741,46744,46753],{"data":46742,"marks":46743,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46745,"content":46748,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46746},{"sys":46747},{"id":5922,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[46749],{"data":46750,"marks":46751,"value":46752,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malicious copy and paste attacks",{"data":46754,"marks":46755,"value":46756,"nodeType":864},{},[]," like ClickFix, FileFix, and similar",{"data":46758,"content":46759,"nodeType":860},{},[46760],{"data":46761,"marks":46762,"value":46763,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For each of these attack vectors, Push delivers detection events and associated metadata for quick triage by the security team, as well as employee-facing warn or block screens, based on your selected configuration.",{"data":46765,"content":46766,"nodeType":860},{},[46767],{"data":46768,"marks":46769,"value":46770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s a snapshot of the capabilities of these controls and what end-users will experience.",{"data":46772,"content":46773,"nodeType":1312},{},[46774],{"data":46775,"marks":46776,"value":46778,"nodeType":864},{},[46777],{"type":899},"The scenario:",{"data":46780,"content":46781,"nodeType":860},{},[46782],{"data":46783,"marks":46784,"value":46785,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a user encounters a malicious page — whether that’s an AiTM phishing tool running on a webpage, or a ClickFix-style attack — or attempts to install a malicious extension, Push immediately steps in. ",{"data":46787,"content":46788,"nodeType":860},{},[46789],{"data":46790,"marks":46791,"value":46792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push can prevent users from entering their credentials on phishing pages, including cloned login pages, or from pasting malicious clipboard contents that can run malware on their device. Push can also prevent users from installing known-bad browser extensions. ",{"data":46794,"content":46795,"nodeType":860},{},[46796],{"data":46797,"marks":46798,"value":46799,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In each of these scenarios, Push admins get detailed detection information they can use to triage the incident.",{"data":46801,"content":46805,"nodeType":996},{"target":46802},{"sys":46803},{"id":46804,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5jR3YVUiusHGnXDOyrgYpr",[],{"data":46807,"content":46808,"nodeType":1312},{},[46809],{"data":46810,"marks":46811,"value":46813,"nodeType":864},{},[46812],{"type":899},"How it works:",{"data":46815,"content":46816,"nodeType":860},{},[46817],{"data":46818,"marks":46819,"value":46820,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Rather than relying on known-bad intelligence like domains or URLs, Push performs a behavioral and structural analysis of malicious pages in real time.",{"data":46822,"content":46823,"nodeType":860},{},[46824],{"data":46825,"marks":46826,"value":46827,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That means a phishing page never has to appear in a threat intelligence feed in order to be detected and blocked.",{"data":46829,"content":46830,"nodeType":860},{},[46831],{"data":46832,"marks":46833,"value":46834,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similarly, for malicious copy and paste attacks like ClickFix, Push analyzes the content copied to the clipboard but also evaluates the context of the page to reduce false positives. In blocking mode, Push’s control for ClickFix-style attacks replaces the malicious clipboard contents with safe text — preventing potential endpoint compromise before it can occur.",{"data":46836,"content":46840,"nodeType":996},{"target":46837},{"sys":46838},{"id":46839,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3OkejjEjV9xflBc5ouOVFn",[],{"data":46842,"content":46843,"nodeType":860},{},[46844],{"data":46845,"marks":46846,"value":46847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, for identifying malicious browser extensions, Push takes a slightly different approach — combining both behavioral detections and curated intelligence of known-bad extensions from our own research and from trusted industry sources. We’ve found this combination provides the highest-fidelity way to identify malicious extensions without relying on approaches like analyzing extension permissions, which often isn’t actionable. ",{"data":46849,"content":46850,"nodeType":1312},{},[46851],{"data":46852,"marks":46853,"value":46855,"nodeType":864},{},[46854],{"type":899},"Your security team gets:",{"data":46857,"content":46858,"nodeType":860},{},[46859,46863,46871],{"data":46860,"marks":46861,"value":46862,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Readymade detection and alerting, combined with detailed telemetry. Detections and their associated metadata can be consumed via ",{"data":46864,"content":46866,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46865},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/getting-started/#api-and-webhooks",[46867],{"data":46868,"marks":46869,"value":46870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s REST API and webhooks",{"data":46872,"marks":46873,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46875,"content":46876,"nodeType":1312},{},[46877],{"data":46878,"marks":46879,"value":46881,"nodeType":864},{},[46880],{"type":899},"Your end-users see:",{"data":46883,"content":46884,"nodeType":860},{},[46885],{"data":46886,"marks":46887,"value":46888,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An immediate block screen in your company colors and brand style, providing a highly memorable, contextual moment of learning — and reassuring them that an incident has been prevented.",{"data":46890,"content":46894,"nodeType":996},{"target":46891},{"sys":46892},{"id":46893,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4QfjDDfKjohKr1qqDLRT0m",[],{"data":46896,"content":46897,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":46899,"content":46900,"nodeType":1009},{},[46901],{"data":46902,"marks":46903,"value":46905,"nodeType":864},{},[46904],{"type":899},"How Push helps you remediate account vulnerabilities at scale",{"data":46907,"content":46908,"nodeType":860},{},[46909],{"data":46910,"marks":46911,"value":46912,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Just-in-time security enforcement works best when it’s trustworthy and contextual — without making a lot more work for your team. Push also provides readymade controls for remediating common account vulnerabilities that contribute to your attack surface online, helping you harden existing accounts and reduce behaviors that introduce new risks.",{"data":46914,"content":46915,"nodeType":860},{},[46916],{"data":46917,"marks":46918,"value":46919,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With Push, you can:",{"data":46921,"content":46922,"nodeType":941},{},[46923,46946,46983,47007],{"data":46924,"content":46925,"nodeType":945},{},[46926],{"data":46927,"content":46928,"nodeType":860},{},[46929,46932,46942],{"data":46930,"marks":46931,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46933,"content":46937,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46934},{"sys":46935},{"id":46936,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6FYHbkcRUrtznPo7RarRsz",[46938],{"data":46939,"marks":46940,"value":46941,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent the phishing or reuse of high-value passwords",{"data":46943,"marks":46944,"value":46945,"nodeType":864},{},[],", like your IdP, AWS, or code repository passwords.",{"data":46947,"content":46948,"nodeType":945},{},[46949],{"data":46950,"content":46951,"nodeType":860},{},[46952,46956,46966,46969,46979],{"data":46953,"marks":46954,"value":46955,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Remediate ",{"data":46957,"content":46961,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46958},{"sys":46959},{"id":46960,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2WAc5HflKonFN7Jc53ROgj",[46962],{"data":46963,"marks":46964,"value":46965,"nodeType":864},{},[],"missing MFA",{"data":46967,"marks":46968,"value":46049,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":46970,"content":46974,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46971},{"sys":46972},{"id":46973,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2dAP36chda6ZDGKzw0Itfs",[46975],{"data":46976,"marks":46977,"value":46978,"nodeType":864},{},[],"insecure passwords",{"data":46980,"marks":46981,"value":46982,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on any work app, even those not managed by your SSO solution.",{"data":46984,"content":46985,"nodeType":945},{},[46986],{"data":46987,"content":46988,"nodeType":860},{},[46989,46993,47003],{"data":46990,"marks":46991,"value":46992,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use ",{"data":46994,"content":46998,"nodeType":5064},{"target":46995},{"sys":46996},{"id":46997,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2ZpKnuljaUH0jzVaae4SMN",[46999],{"data":47000,"marks":47001,"value":47002,"nodeType":864},{},[],"in-browser banners",{"data":47004,"marks":47005,"value":47006,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to add guardrails to app usage, including blocking unapproved SaaS or collecting a business reason to access an app before approving it.",{"data":47008,"content":47009,"nodeType":945},{},[47010],{"data":47011,"content":47012,"nodeType":860},{},[47013,47016,47025],{"data":47014,"marks":47015,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":47017,"content":47020,"nodeType":5064},{"target":47018},{"sys":47019},{"id":5844,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[47021],{"data":47022,"marks":47023,"value":47024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block unwanted or unapproved browser extensions",{"data":47026,"marks":47027,"value":47028,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from being installed, or disable them if they’ve been installed previously.",{"data":47030,"content":47031,"nodeType":860},{},[47032],{"data":47033,"marks":47034,"value":46770,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":47036,"content":47037,"nodeType":1312},{},[47038],{"data":47039,"marks":47040,"value":46778,"nodeType":864},{},[47041],{"type":899},{"data":47043,"content":47044,"nodeType":860},{},[47045],{"data":47046,"marks":47047,"value":47048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses in-browser controls to intervene when a user is missing MFA; reusing a high-value password; using an insecure password; attempting to log in to an unapproved app; or attempting to install a blocked extension. ",{"data":47050,"content":47051,"nodeType":860},{},[47052],{"data":47053,"marks":47054,"value":47055,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push can block users from reusing passwords set as “protected” (meaning they can’t be reused on any other page or app) or from using unapproved apps or extensions. Push can guide users to update their password or register for MFA on accounts where they lack it. Push can also provide any other specific security or policy guidance to employees via banners that appear on apps in your environment, including GenAI apps. ",{"data":47057,"content":47058,"nodeType":860},{},[47059],{"data":47060,"marks":47061,"value":47062,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For all of these scenarios, you can tune Push controls to your preferred mode (informing vs. blocking, for example) and select which employees, employee groups, and apps or accounts to focus on.",{"data":47064,"content":47065,"nodeType":860},{},[47066],{"data":47067,"marks":47068,"value":47069,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also customize the message that employees see, to match your organizational culture and policies.",{"data":47071,"content":47072,"nodeType":1312},{},[47073],{"data":47074,"marks":47075,"value":47077,"nodeType":864},{},[47076],{"type":899},"How it works: ",{"data":47079,"content":47080,"nodeType":860},{},[47081],{"data":47082,"marks":47083,"value":47084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push browser agent observes real-time user behavior and securely analyzes users’ account vulnerabilities in order to identify risks and execute your preconfigured controls. ",{"data":47086,"content":47087,"nodeType":860},{},[47088],{"data":47089,"marks":47090,"value":47091,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To identify MFA status, Push uses the app’s own API to query the logged-in user’s registered MFA methods. To analyze password security, Push creates a salted, truncated hash that is stored locally in the user’s browser and then used for comparison to find reused passwords, leaked passwords, and shared passwords. ",{"data":47093,"content":47094,"nodeType":860},{},[47095,47099,47104,47107,47112],{"data":47096,"marks":47097,"value":47098,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using the ",{"data":47100,"marks":47101,"value":47103,"nodeType":864},{},[47102],{"type":899},"MFA enforcement",{"data":47105,"marks":47106,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":47108,"marks":47109,"value":47111,"nodeType":864},{},[47110],{"type":899},"Strong password enforcement",{"data":47113,"marks":47114,"value":47115,"nodeType":864},{},[]," controls, you can then automatically display a banner to users with those account vulnerabilities, guiding them to fix the issue.",{"data":47117,"content":47121,"nodeType":996},{"target":47118},{"sys":47119},{"id":47120,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7Ka4CumZk9it6GsdlNHREA",[],{"data":47123,"content":47124,"nodeType":860},{},[47125,47129,47134],{"data":47126,"marks":47127,"value":47128,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Push’s ",{"data":47130,"marks":47131,"value":47133,"nodeType":864},{},[47132],{"type":899},"Password protection",{"data":47135,"marks":47136,"value":47137,"nodeType":864},{},[]," control, you can select apps where you want to essentially “pin” the high-value password to only that app and prevent its reuse (or phishing) on any other domain. 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",{"data":50024,"content":50025,"nodeType":860},{},[50026],{"data":50027,"marks":50028,"value":50029,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It can then automatically enforce a range of in-browser security controls. ",{"data":50031,"content":50032,"nodeType":860},{},[50033],{"data":50034,"marks":50035,"value":50036,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We now have four types of controls you can set for app banners. Here they are, in order from softest to hardest:",{"data":50038,"content":50039,"nodeType":1312},{},[50040],{"data":50041,"marks":50042,"value":50043,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Informational app banner",{"data":50045,"content":50046,"nodeType":860},{},[50047,50050,50055],{"data":50048,"marks":50049,"value":1499,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50051,"marks":50052,"value":50054,"nodeType":864},{},[50053],{"type":899},"Inform",{"data":50056,"marks":50057,"value":50058,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode, app banners display your custom message in a thin but noticeable banner at the top of an app’s login or signup pages, providing your security guidance.",{"data":50060,"content":50064,"nodeType":996},{"target":50061},{"sys":50062},{"id":50063,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5HZV5Zet4JQ2GrNNvm5tJC",[],{"data":50066,"content":50067,"nodeType":1312},{},[50068],{"data":50069,"marks":50070,"value":50071,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App banner with acknowledgement required",{"data":50073,"content":50074,"nodeType":860},{},[50075,50078,50082],{"data":50076,"marks":50077,"value":1499,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50079,"marks":50080,"value":1357,"nodeType":864},{},[50081],{"type":899},{"data":50083,"marks":50084,"value":50085,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode, app banners display a larger centrally placed banner that requires end-users to click a button acknowledging your message before proceeding to use the app.",{"data":50087,"content":50088,"nodeType":860},{},[50089],{"data":50090,"marks":50091,"value":50092,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This mode can be useful for requiring that users attest to understanding a security policy or best practice when using an app, such as GenAI apps.",{"data":50094,"content":50098,"nodeType":996},{"target":50095},{"sys":50096},{"id":50097,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7chqbwof9wgjdc7642zUbf",[],{"data":50100,"content":50101,"nodeType":1312},{},[50102],{"data":50103,"marks":50104,"value":50105,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App banner with reason required",{"data":50107,"content":50108,"nodeType":860},{},[50109,50112,50117],{"data":50110,"marks":50111,"value":1499,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50113,"marks":50114,"value":50116,"nodeType":864},{},[50115],{"type":899},"Reason",{"data":50118,"marks":50119,"value":50120,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode, employees must submit a reason for using an app by typing it into a field on the banner message. We think of this as a “soft block” that adds meaningful friction without preventing an employee from doing important work when it’s absolutely necessary.",{"data":50122,"content":50123,"nodeType":860},{},[50124],{"data":50125,"marks":50126,"value":50127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reason mode is designed for situations where you want specific apps to be used only in limited circumstances — for example, if an employee needs to use an unapproved app in order to collaborate with a customer or other business partner.",{"data":50129,"content":50133,"nodeType":996},{"target":50130},{"sys":50131},{"id":50132,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Q7kU16LZdTm8RsyLy660J",[],{"data":50135,"content":50136,"nodeType":1312},{},[50137],{"data":50138,"marks":50139,"value":50140,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block users from logging in or signing up",{"data":50142,"content":50143,"nodeType":860},{},[50144,50147,50152,50156,50160,50164,50172],{"data":50145,"marks":50146,"value":1499,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50148,"marks":50149,"value":50151,"nodeType":864},{},[50150],{"type":899},"Block ",{"data":50153,"marks":50154,"value":50155,"nodeType":864},{},[],"mode",{"data":50157,"marks":50158,"value":16262,"nodeType":864},{},[50159],{"type":899},{"data":50161,"marks":50162,"value":50163,"nodeType":864},{},[]," employees will see a larger banner covering the center of the page that prevents them from logging in or signing up to the app. Optionally, you can allow them to ask for an exception using a request field on the banner. Their request will be emitted as part of a ",{"data":50165,"content":50167,"nodeType":883},{"uri":50166},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/webhooks-v1#operation/app-banner-event",[50168],{"data":50169,"marks":50170,"value":50171,"nodeType":864},{},[],"webhook event",{"data":50173,"marks":50174,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50176,"content":50177,"nodeType":860},{},[50178],{"data":50179,"marks":50180,"value":50181,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block mode is designed for situations where an app is not approved for general use, unless in exceptional circumstances. ",{"data":50183,"content":50187,"nodeType":996},{"target":50184},{"sys":50185},{"id":50186,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2rVWMTYrjShEdrswkzobJe",[],{"data":50189,"content":50190,"nodeType":1009},{},[50191],{"data":50192,"marks":50193,"value":50194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How our customers are using app banners",{"data":50196,"content":50197,"nodeType":860},{},[50198],{"data":50199,"marks":50200,"value":50201,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s how one of our customers, Christina Kokoros, IT operations manager at Tray.io, has used app banners to tackle SaaS sprawl:  ",{"data":50203,"content":50204,"nodeType":1116},{},[50205,50212],{"data":50206,"content":50207,"nodeType":860},{},[50208],{"data":50209,"marks":50210,"value":50211,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“When the banners feature was implemented in Push, we used it to set up an acknowledgement banner to enhance our messaging around consolidation of our whiteboarding apps.\"",{"data":50213,"content":50214,"nodeType":860},{},[50215],{"data":50216,"marks":50217,"value":50218,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“We saw an almost immediate uptick in views of other communications and in questions to the team on the project. We could also see the drop off of logins of to-be deprecated apps via Push, which was an added bonus. Definitely will be adding this to comms plans for future IT projects.”",{"data":50220,"content":50221,"nodeType":1009},{},[50222],{"data":50223,"marks":50224,"value":50225,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How do you set the controls?",{"data":50227,"content":50228,"nodeType":860},{},[50229],{"data":50230,"marks":50231,"value":50232,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can enable app banners on a per-app basis via the Push admin console. Select an app, choose the mode (Inform, Acknowledge, or Reason), and then write your custom message.",{"data":50234,"content":50238,"nodeType":996},{"target":50235},{"sys":50236},{"id":50237,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"50qEzofi6i36lrZxhrntoH",[],{"data":50240,"content":50241,"nodeType":860},{},[50242],{"data":50243,"marks":50244,"value":50245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Admins can preview the message right in their browser before publishing.",{"data":50247,"content":50248,"nodeType":860},{},[50249],{"data":50250,"marks":50251,"value":50252,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push also emits webhooks for app banner activity so you can track when banners were shown, acknowledged, received a submitted reason for usage, etc.",{"data":50254,"content":50255,"nodeType":860},{},[50256,50260,50269],{"data":50257,"marks":50258,"value":50259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more in this Help Center ",{"data":50261,"content":50264,"nodeType":5064},{"target":50262},{"sys":50263},{"id":46997,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[50265],{"data":50266,"marks":50267,"value":50268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"article",{"data":50270,"marks":50271,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50273,"content":50274,"nodeType":1009},{},[50275],{"data":50276,"marks":50277,"value":50278,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Can you track app usage too?",{"data":50280,"content":50281,"nodeType":860},{},[50282],{"data":50283,"marks":50284,"value":50285,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yes. As well as controlling what apps employees use, and how they use them, you can also use Push to track the work apps being used across your organization.",{"data":50287,"content":50288,"nodeType":860},{},[50289,50293,50300],{"data":50290,"marks":50291,"value":50292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloud app logins is one of the event types the Push browser agent observes. You can build automations using this data with our ",{"data":50294,"content":50295,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46865},[50296],{"data":50297,"marks":50298,"value":50299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"API and webhooks",{"data":50301,"marks":50302,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50304,"content":50305,"nodeType":860},{},[50306],{"data":50307,"marks":50308,"value":50309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Common use cases include: discovering shadow IT, maintaining a SaaS app inventory for third-party risk management, and making sure employees are offboarded from all work apps when they leave your business.   ",{"data":50311,"content":50312,"nodeType":1009},{},[50313],{"data":50314,"marks":50315,"value":50316,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Book a demo",{"data":50318,"content":50319,"nodeType":860},{},[50320,50324,50332],{"data":50321,"marks":50322,"value":50323,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To learn more, ",{"data":50325,"content":50327,"nodeType":883},{"uri":50326},"/demo/",[50328],{"data":50329,"marks":50330,"value":50331,"nodeType":864},{},[],"book a demo",{"data":50333,"marks":50334,"value":50335,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using and how we detect vulnerable identities. ",{"entries":50337},{"inline":50338,"hyperlink":50339,"block":50342},[],[50340],{"sys":50341,"__typename":5291,"title":48720,"slug":48721,"articleId":48722},{"id":46997},[50343,50350,50354,50362,50369,50375,50383],{"sys":50344,"__typename":1724,"title":50345,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":50346},{"id":49987},"ChatGPT app banner",{"url":50347,"width":50348,"height":50349},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6P0NtIksCCnzqw3fj06L8k/1e50525c8f05c0a8eaaf01a4c5e7d370/Extension_-_inline_security_alert-min.png",1218,876,{"sys":50351,"__typename":1717,"type":50352,"ctaText":50353,"buttonLabel":50316,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":59},{"id":50007},"Demo","Check out all of our features, including app banners and more",{"sys":50355,"__typename":1724,"title":50356,"caption":50357,"layoutMode":59,"file":50358},{"id":50063},"App banner published example - KB 10106","App banner in Inform mode",{"url":50359,"width":50360,"height":50361},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/24WVmuX8mMHYZMWmsY8bFx/1fb45ad11f5c3d58625cbf823897835b/banner_branded_inform.png",1273,716,{"sys":50363,"__typename":1724,"title":50364,"caption":50365,"layoutMode":59,"file":50366},{"id":50097},"App banner - Acknowledge mode - KB 10106","App banner in Acknowledge mode",{"url":50367,"width":50360,"height":50368},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/76MG2m9vO4t3Am4SPyylqJ/8a9d2aa7af36119e465715c194927dcc/banner_branded_acknowledge.png",721,{"sys":50370,"__typename":1724,"title":50371,"caption":50372,"layoutMode":59,"file":50373},{"id":50132},"App banner - Reason mode - KB 10106","App banner in Reason mode",{"url":50374,"width":48876,"height":42104},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3ZWyyglvBRrvY6bCZWidMM/fcb34c101d390f5315c70e8cb6486a26/banner_branded_reason.png",{"sys":50376,"__typename":1724,"title":50377,"caption":50378,"layoutMode":59,"file":50379},{"id":50186},"App banner - Block mode - KB 10106","App banner in Block mode",{"url":50380,"width":50381,"height":50382},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5IP2jbUkJt48ZxGm1QseOS/0d487ba192748cca0e3f6fae55f49b52/banner_branded_block.png",1269,718,{"sys":50384,"__typename":1724,"title":50385,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":50386},{"id":50237},"App banner - config slideout - KB 10106",{"url":50387,"width":50388,"height":50389},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2jY4YVOJ0ojTggWdzAy5BZ/c3101236c338c926991ca599cdd233fa/app_banner_slideout_20260130.png",3016,1724,{"items":50391},[],{},"Control SaaS app usage with in-browser app banners",{"url":50395},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/73UuFKQ7Pd0i577V9wRQw5/aaa5a8bd133c051bd4cf489c3c2599d0/App-Banner-Updates.png","product-feature","2024-05-15T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":50399},[50400,50738,51294],{"__typename":2059,"sys":50401,"content":50403,"title":50725,"synopsis":50420,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":50726,"slug":50727,"tagsCollection":50728,"authorsCollection":50734},{"id":50402},"3m48a0kFoN8gh0IZQBup5U",{"json":50404},{"data":50405,"content":50406,"nodeType":856},{},[50407,50413,50421,50433,50440,50447,50490,50495,50502,50509,50516,50523,50548,50555,50562,50634,50641,50648,50655,50661,50668,50675,50681,50688,50695,50701,50708],{"data":50408,"content":50412,"nodeType":996},{"target":50409},{"sys":50410},{"id":50411,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3OXZccsHUbm5vXq1Ouv9H8",[],{"data":50414,"content":50415,"nodeType":860},{},[50416],{"data":50417,"marks":50418,"value":50420,"nodeType":864},{},[50419],{"type":899},"Don’t leave it up to your employees to figure out how to use cloud apps securely. Guide them directly in their browsers when they access their apps.",{"data":50422,"content":50423,"nodeType":860},{},[50424,50428],{"data":50425,"marks":50426,"value":50427,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s the concept behind our latest feature, in-browser app banners. They allow you to",{"data":50429,"marks":50430,"value":50432,"nodeType":864},{},[50431],{"type":899}," create custom messages that guide employees to follow your security policies on the apps they use for work.",{"data":50434,"content":50435,"nodeType":860},{},[50436],{"data":50437,"marks":50438,"value":50439,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, at the top of this page you can see an app banner that tells employees using ChatGPT not to put company or customer data into the app, and provides a link to the company’s GenAI policy:",{"data":50441,"content":50442,"nodeType":860},{},[50443],{"data":50444,"marks":50445,"value":50446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The banners are fully customizable, so you can enter whatever text you like. Here are a few ideas to get you started:",{"data":50448,"content":50449,"nodeType":941},{},[50450,50460,50470,50480],{"data":50451,"content":50452,"nodeType":945},{},[50453],{"data":50454,"content":50455,"nodeType":860},{},[50456],{"data":50457,"marks":50458,"value":50459,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Encourage employees to use an approved app over a new, unsupported alternative.",{"data":50461,"content":50462,"nodeType":945},{},[50463],{"data":50464,"content":50465,"nodeType":860},{},[50466],{"data":50467,"marks":50468,"value":50469,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Remind employees not to enter sensitive information into ChatGPT or other GenAI tools.",{"data":50471,"content":50472,"nodeType":945},{},[50473],{"data":50474,"content":50475,"nodeType":860},{},[50476],{"data":50477,"marks":50478,"value":50479,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tell employees not to use an app until it can be reviewed by the security team.",{"data":50481,"content":50482,"nodeType":945},{},[50483],{"data":50484,"content":50485,"nodeType":860},{},[50486],{"data":50487,"marks":50488,"value":50489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ask employees to use their federated identity on apps supporting SSO.",{"data":50491,"content":50494,"nodeType":996},{"target":50492},{"sys":50493},{"id":50007,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":50496,"content":50497,"nodeType":1009},{},[50498],{"data":50499,"marks":50500,"value":50501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why did we build it?",{"data":50503,"content":50504,"nodeType":860},{},[50505],{"data":50506,"marks":50507,"value":50508,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We co-created this feature with our customers. They wanted a more flexible and nuanced way of managing the risks associated with using SaaS apps than just allowlisting or blocklisting apps. ",{"data":50510,"content":50511,"nodeType":860},{},[50512],{"data":50513,"marks":50514,"value":50515,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That means guiding employees to use apps more safely rather than just blocking new tools by default.",{"data":50517,"content":50518,"nodeType":860},{},[50519],{"data":50520,"marks":50521,"value":50522,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now don’t get us wrong — there’s a time and a place for blocking. But for most organizations, there are more scenarios when it's better to help employees do something safely. ",{"data":50524,"content":50525,"nodeType":860},{},[50526,50530,50535,50539,50544],{"data":50527,"marks":50528,"value":50529,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s the reason why we ",{"data":50531,"marks":50532,"value":50534,"nodeType":864},{},[50533],{"type":2246},"wanted",{"data":50536,"marks":50537,"value":50538,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to build the feature. The reason we were ",{"data":50540,"marks":50541,"value":50543,"nodeType":864},{},[50542],{"type":2246},"able",{"data":50545,"marks":50546,"value":50547,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to build it is because Push’s superpower is a browser extension that detects signups and logins to supported and unsupported apps, and then helps you manage and secure accounts and identities on all of them. ",{"data":50549,"content":50550,"nodeType":860},{},[50551],{"data":50552,"marks":50553,"value":50554,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push browser extension gets you the closest to the user, providing the ideal platform for security teams to guide employees at exactly the right time and place — when they’re accessing an app in their browser.",{"data":50556,"content":50557,"nodeType":1009},{},[50558],{"data":50559,"marks":50560,"value":50561,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How does it work?",{"data":50563,"content":50564,"nodeType":50633},{},[50565,50575,50585,50604,50623],{"data":50566,"content":50567,"nodeType":945},{},[50568],{"data":50569,"content":50570,"nodeType":860},{},[50571],{"data":50572,"marks":50573,"value":50574,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can configure an app banner in less than 1 minute. Here are the 4 steps, or just scroll down to the demos below to see for yourself. ",{"data":50576,"content":50577,"nodeType":945},{},[50578],{"data":50579,"content":50580,"nodeType":860},{},[50581],{"data":50582,"marks":50583,"value":50584,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Find an app in your app inventory on the Push platform.",{"data":50586,"content":50587,"nodeType":945},{},[50588],{"data":50589,"content":50590,"nodeType":860},{},[50591,50595,50600],{"data":50592,"marks":50593,"value":50594,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hit ",{"data":50596,"marks":50597,"value":50599,"nodeType":864},{},[50598],{"type":899},"Configure on the app details slideout",{"data":50601,"marks":50602,"value":50603,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and then add your custom banner message. ",{"data":50605,"content":50606,"nodeType":945},{},[50607],{"data":50608,"content":50609,"nodeType":860},{},[50610,50614,50619],{"data":50611,"marks":50612,"value":50613,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use the ",{"data":50615,"marks":50616,"value":50618,"nodeType":864},{},[50617],{"type":899},"Preview",{"data":50620,"marks":50621,"value":50622,"nodeType":864},{},[]," button to see what it will look like. ",{"data":50624,"content":50625,"nodeType":945},{},[50626],{"data":50627,"content":50628,"nodeType":860},{},[50629],{"data":50630,"marks":50631,"value":50632,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Then once you're happy, save it to enable it on the signup and login pages for that app. Now your banner will appear every time an employee accesses the app using a browser with the Push browser extension on it. ","ordered-list",{"data":50635,"content":50636,"nodeType":1009},{},[50637],{"data":50638,"marks":50639,"value":50640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use case inspo",{"data":50642,"content":50643,"nodeType":1312},{},[50644],{"data":50645,"marks":50646,"value":50647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Help employees use ChatGPT and GenAI apps safely",{"data":50649,"content":50650,"nodeType":860},{},[50651],{"data":50652,"marks":50653,"value":50654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Lots of security teams we speak to are happy for their employees to use GenAI apps like ChatGPT, as long as no sensitive data goes into them. Here we create a banner telling employees not to share sensitive information and to read the GenAI policy to understand how to use apps like this securely.",{"data":50656,"content":50660,"nodeType":996},{"target":50657},{"sys":50658},{"id":50659,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"N6E38qUzEe8fNvpoJwBXH",[],{"data":50662,"content":50663,"nodeType":1312},{},[50664],{"data":50665,"marks":50666,"value":50667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Guide your employees toward approved apps and prevent SaaS sprawl",{"data":50669,"content":50670,"nodeType":860},{},[50671],{"data":50672,"marks":50673,"value":50674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You’ll probably prefer that your employees use approved and supported apps, and not to self-adopt new duplicate apps that contribute to SaaS sprawl. Here we use a banner to tell employees to use an approved file-sharing app.",{"data":50676,"content":50680,"nodeType":996},{"target":50677},{"sys":50678},{"id":50679,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2VhggiMOWCu9ZXqh4U7pZ9",[],{"data":50682,"content":50683,"nodeType":1312},{},[50684],{"data":50685,"marks":50686,"value":50687,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Encourage employees to use their federated identities instead of creating shadow identities",{"data":50689,"content":50690,"nodeType":860},{},[50691],{"data":50692,"marks":50693,"value":50694,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’ve invested in an SSO solution like Okta, you probably want to get as many of your apps and accounts behind it as possible. This banner tells employees to access the app using their Okta federated identity rather than using or creating a local account. ",{"data":50696,"content":50700,"nodeType":996},{"target":50697},{"sys":50698},{"id":50699,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6cJcIJ8GpsioU6JQs3afxy",[],{"data":50702,"content":50703,"nodeType":1009},{},[50704],{"data":50705,"marks":50706,"value":50707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Find out more",{"data":50709,"content":50710,"nodeType":860},{},[50711,50715,50721],{"data":50712,"marks":50713,"value":50714,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To see Push in action, ",{"data":50716,"content":50717,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6897},[50718],{"data":50719,"marks":50720,"value":50331,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50722,"marks":50723,"value":50724,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using and how we detect vulnerable identities. ","Introducing in-browser app banners: Set guardrails for cloud apps","2024-02-06T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-in-browser-app-banners-set-guardrails-for-cloud-apps",{"items":50729},[50730,50732],{"sys":50731,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":50733,"name":5648},{"id":5647},{"items":50735},[50736],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":50737},{"url":4881},{"__typename":2059,"sys":50739,"content":50741,"title":51280,"synopsis":51281,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":51282,"slug":51283,"tagsCollection":51284,"authorsCollection":51290},{"id":50740},"4UtRVoFElDduWJBx9Sa4Cw",{"json":50742},{"data":50743,"content":50744,"nodeType":856},{},[50745,50751,50757,50764,50771,50787,50820,50827,50835,50841,50857,50865,50871,50877,50884,50891,50898,50906,50913,50932,50948,50954,50961,50980,50999,51006,51029,51036,51059,51075,51082,51103,51110,51185,51192,51208,51215,51222,51229,51236,51252,51258,51264],{"data":50746,"content":50747,"nodeType":860},{},[50748],{"data":50749,"marks":50750,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50752,"content":50756,"nodeType":996},{"target":50753},{"sys":50754},{"id":50755,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5cseu1Cre2FrSQrIhSFxQw",[],{"data":50758,"content":50759,"nodeType":860},{},[50760],{"data":50761,"marks":50762,"value":50763,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reliably detecting phishing sites is like trying to hit a moving target, as malicious websites and domains emerge, get taken down, and re-emerge continuously across the sprawl of the web.",{"data":50765,"content":50766,"nodeType":860},{},[50767],{"data":50768,"marks":50769,"value":50770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Existing phishing prevention solutions have tried to solve the problem by protecting the inbox, a common (but not the only) attack vector, or by chasing lists of known-bad domains.",{"data":50772,"content":50773,"nodeType":860},{},[50774,50778,50783],{"data":50775,"marks":50776,"value":50777,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But these approaches have ",{"data":50779,"marks":50780,"value":50782,"nodeType":864},{},[50781],{"type":899},"two major shortcomings",{"data":50784,"marks":50785,"value":50786,"nodeType":864},{},[],":",{"data":50788,"content":50789,"nodeType":941},{},[50790,50805],{"data":50791,"content":50792,"nodeType":945},{},[50793],{"data":50794,"content":50795,"nodeType":860},{},[50796,50801],{"data":50797,"marks":50798,"value":50800,"nodeType":864},{},[50799],{"type":899},"Lack of coverage:",{"data":50802,"marks":50803,"value":50804,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Email-based phishing prevention tools can catch general spray-and-pray email phishing campaigns, but it only takes a small amount of tailoring to fly under their radar. The use of LLM tools to tailor phishing emails for their intended victims already makes this possible at scale. Email-based tools also fail to cover phishing attacks beyond the inbox, such as Slack and Teams phishing.",{"data":50806,"content":50807,"nodeType":945},{},[50808],{"data":50809,"content":50810,"nodeType":860},{},[50811,50816],{"data":50812,"marks":50813,"value":50815,"nodeType":864},{},[50814],{"type":899},"Expired intel:",{"data":50817,"marks":50818,"value":50819,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Tools that rely on known-bad domains always have an incomplete picture because a domain must be reported as malicious in order to get added to a blocklist. Meanwhile, attackers can spin up new sites or host phishing pages on existing sites by exploiting vulnerabilities in them, bypassing rules around preventing visits to newly registered domains. ",{"data":50821,"content":50822,"nodeType":860},{},[50823],{"data":50824,"marks":50825,"value":50826,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Push’s unique vantage point in the browser, we set out to attack this problem from a new angle. ",{"data":50828,"content":50829,"nodeType":860},{},[50830],{"data":50831,"marks":50832,"value":50834,"nodeType":864},{},[50833],{"type":899},"Instead of trying to detect phishing websites and domains that constantly change, we can now detect (and block!) phishing attempts based on directly observing user behavior in the browser.",{"data":50836,"content":50840,"nodeType":996},{"target":50837},{"sys":50838},{"id":50839,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2vFMyWtMlxzTqqtvCPmlGW",[],{"data":50842,"content":50843,"nodeType":860},{},[50844,50848,50853],{"data":50845,"marks":50846,"value":50847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our latest feature, ",{"data":50849,"marks":50850,"value":50852,"nodeType":864},{},[50851],{"type":899},"SSO password protection",{"data":50854,"marks":50855,"value":50856,"nodeType":864},{},[],", detects and blocks when a user enters their identity provider password on a webpage that does not belong to the IdP (e.g Okta, Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, etc.).",{"data":50858,"content":50859,"nodeType":860},{},[50860],{"data":50861,"marks":50862,"value":50864,"nodeType":864},{},[50863],{"type":899},"This means that even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site, Push still detects it and blocks it.",{"data":50866,"content":50870,"nodeType":996},{"target":50867},{"sys":50868},{"id":50869,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4eCSQGec7mozFLDucNMO7m",[],{"data":50872,"content":50873,"nodeType":1312},{},[50874],{"data":50875,"marks":50876,"value":50561,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50878,"content":50879,"nodeType":860},{},[50880],{"data":50881,"marks":50882,"value":50883,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of detecting a phishing page based on a known-bad signature, the Push browser agent dynamically inspects user behavior and the attributes of the page itself.",{"data":50885,"content":50886,"nodeType":860},{},[50887],{"data":50888,"marks":50889,"value":50890,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser agent works by observing all logins and generating a salted partial hash of the user’s password, known as a fingerprint. This fingerprint is then stored locally to allow Push to perform comparisons. ",{"data":50892,"content":50893,"nodeType":860},{},[50894],{"data":50895,"marks":50896,"value":50897,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To detect potential phishing attacks, the browser agent compares the observed password fingerprint to known fingerprints for identity provider passwords that already exist in local storage. ",{"data":50899,"content":50900,"nodeType":860},{},[50901],{"data":50902,"marks":50903,"value":50905,"nodeType":864},{},[50904],{"type":899},"If an employee enters a known IdP password on a webpage that Push doesn’t recognize, Push blocks it. ",{"data":50907,"content":50908,"nodeType":860},{},[50909],{"data":50910,"marks":50911,"value":50912,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once you’ve discovered a malicious site, use Push’s companion feature, URL blocking, to add the domain to a blocklist and prevent your other end-users from visiting the site. ",{"data":50914,"content":50915,"nodeType":860},{},[50916,50920,50928],{"data":50917,"marks":50918,"value":50919,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can programmatically manage URL blocking as part of responding to an attempted phishing incident by using the ",{"data":50921,"content":50923,"nodeType":883},{"uri":50922},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/rest-v1/",[50924],{"data":50925,"marks":50926,"value":50927,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push REST API",{"data":50929,"marks":50930,"value":50931,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to automatically add URLs to the blocklist or to sync with other threat intelligence sources of known-bad sites.",{"data":50933,"content":50934,"nodeType":860},{},[50935,50939,50944],{"data":50936,"marks":50937,"value":50938,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push administrators can configure SSO password protection in Monitor, Warn, or Block modes to first observe how often employees are re-using IdP credentials on other sites, eliminating any false positives by adding them to an ignore list, and then turning on Warn or Block to ",{"data":50940,"marks":50941,"value":50943,"nodeType":864},{},[50942],{"type":899},"show a custom message",{"data":50945,"marks":50946,"value":50947,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that either provides a speedbump for users (“Are you sure this isn’t a phishing site?”) or prevents them from logging in altogether.",{"data":50949,"content":50953,"nodeType":996},{"target":50950},{"sys":50951},{"id":50952,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"74l82HIeaumFX4u9AMjj79",[],{"data":50955,"content":50956,"nodeType":860},{},[50957],{"data":50958,"marks":50959,"value":50960,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Supported identity providers include Okta, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, JumpCloud, Duo and Ping Identity. ",{"data":50962,"content":50963,"nodeType":860},{},[50964,50968,50976],{"data":50965,"marks":50966,"value":50967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also ",{"data":50969,"content":50971,"nodeType":883},{"uri":50970},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/webhooks-v1/",[50972],{"data":50973,"marks":50974,"value":50975,"nodeType":864},{},[],"get alerted",{"data":50977,"marks":50978,"value":50979,"nodeType":864},{},[]," via webhook when Push detects a suspected phishing event.",{"data":50981,"content":50982,"nodeType":860},{},[50983,50987,50996],{"data":50984,"marks":50985,"value":50986,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about how it works and the end-user experience in our ",{"data":50988,"content":50991,"nodeType":5064},{"target":50989},{"sys":50990},{"id":46936,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[50992],{"data":50993,"marks":50994,"value":50995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"help article",{"data":50997,"marks":50998,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51000,"content":51001,"nodeType":1312},{},[51002],{"data":51003,"marks":51004,"value":51005,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But what about … ",{"data":51007,"content":51008,"nodeType":860},{},[51009,51013,51017,51020,51025],{"data":51010,"marks":51011,"value":51012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yes, we believe ",{"data":51014,"marks":51015,"value":457,"nodeType":864},{},[51016],{"type":899},{"data":51018,"marks":51019,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51021,"marks":51022,"value":51024,"nodeType":864},{},[51023],{"type":899},"conditional access policies",{"data":51026,"marks":51027,"value":51028,"nodeType":864},{},[]," are important parts of a defense-in-depth strategy against phishing — in addition to protecting IdP credentials directly in the browser.",{"data":51030,"content":51031,"nodeType":860},{},[51032],{"data":51033,"marks":51034,"value":51035,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s why MFA and conditional access policies aren’t enough:",{"data":51037,"content":51038,"nodeType":941},{},[51039,51049],{"data":51040,"content":51041,"nodeType":945},{},[51042],{"data":51043,"content":51044,"nodeType":860},{},[51045],{"data":51046,"marks":51047,"value":51048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA is not infallible and not all MFA methods are created equal. Methods such as SMS, TOTP, or even push notifications are phishable. Even if your employees are also using more phishing-resistant forms of MFA, such as WebAuthn, it’s common for accounts to use multiple MFA methods and an attacker need only target the weakest one. An attacker in possession of an SSO password also has leverage to socially engineer an authentication reset, including an MFA reset.",{"data":51050,"content":51051,"nodeType":945},{},[51052],{"data":51053,"content":51054,"nodeType":860},{},[51055],{"data":51056,"marks":51057,"value":51058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worryingly common for us to deploy Push and find that a customer’s conditional access policies aren’t implemented as they are designed to be. The most common reason is that admins have to create so many exceptions to allow for real-world situations that policies become complex and full of gaps.",{"data":51060,"content":51061,"nodeType":860},{},[51062,51066,51071],{"data":51063,"marks":51064,"value":51065,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And of course, protecting ",{"data":51067,"marks":51068,"value":51070,"nodeType":864},{},[51069],{"type":2246},"all",{"data":51072,"marks":51073,"value":51074,"nodeType":864},{},[]," your organization’s passwords is important. In fact, we’re currently developing this feature further so it will do just that! We focus here on IdP passwords because they’re a higher-value target for attackers — and the frequent target of recent real-world attacks.",{"data":51076,"content":51077,"nodeType":1312},{},[51078],{"data":51079,"marks":51080,"value":51081,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why IdP accounts?",{"data":51083,"content":51084,"nodeType":860},{},[51085,51089,51099],{"data":51086,"marks":51087,"value":51088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IdP accounts have been targeted in several high-profile recent attacks, like those carried out by Scattered Spider against MGM resorts and in the Retool breach. You can read more about them in our ",{"data":51090,"content":51094,"nodeType":5064},{"target":51091},{"sys":51092},{"id":51093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6XIts2UEnrsJDki8gKDXyI",[51095],{"data":51096,"marks":51097,"value":51098,"nodeType":864},{},[],"identity attacks in the wild",{"data":51100,"marks":51101,"value":51102,"nodeType":864},{},[]," blog article.",{"data":51104,"content":51105,"nodeType":860},{},[51106],{"data":51107,"marks":51108,"value":51109,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the cloud-first world, a compromised IdP account is like a compromised user workstation. It gives an attacker a solid initial foothold from which they can operate:",{"data":51111,"content":51112,"nodeType":941},{},[51113,51135],{"data":51114,"content":51115,"nodeType":945},{},[51116],{"data":51117,"content":51118,"nodeType":860},{},[51119,51123,51132],{"data":51120,"marks":51121,"value":51122,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They instantly get access to all the apps the compromised user was accessing with SSO. It’s easy to move laterally to sensitive apps or to apps where the user has admin privileges. This obviously enables an attacker to directly exfiltrate data from these apps or to use them maliciously, as in the ",{"data":51124,"content":51127,"nodeType":5064},{"target":51125},{"sys":51126},{"id":51093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[51128],{"data":51129,"marks":51130,"value":51131,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant and SEC Twitter/X breaches",{"data":51133,"marks":51134,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51136,"content":51137,"nodeType":945},{},[51138],{"data":51139,"content":51140,"nodeType":860},{},[51141,51145,51154,51158,51168,51171,51181],{"data":51142,"marks":51143,"value":51144,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Assuming an attacker hasn’t initially gotten access to a privileged IdP account, they can escalate their privileges by performing ",{"data":51146,"content":51150,"nodeType":5064},{"target":51147},{"sys":51148},{"id":51149,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3F96pyn4qqkbVctSOH69vm",[51151],{"data":51152,"marks":51153,"value":6527,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51155,"marks":51156,"value":51157,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on any low-risk app where the user is an admin or by using apps like ",{"data":51159,"content":51163,"nodeType":5064},{"target":51160},{"sys":51161},{"id":51162,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2rjLrCo6KWwLicfpV2qTOZ",[51164],{"data":51165,"marks":51166,"value":51167,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Slack",{"data":51169,"marks":51170,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51172,"content":51176,"nodeType":5064},{"target":51173},{"sys":51174},{"id":51175,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2cv7Yq1DQpm1Mho7fKDs44",[51177],{"data":51178,"marks":51179,"value":51180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Teams",{"data":51182,"marks":51183,"value":51184,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to phish higher-privilege users.",{"data":51186,"content":51187,"nodeType":1312},{},[51188],{"data":51189,"marks":51190,"value":51191,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It also protects against credential stuffing attacks",{"data":51193,"content":51194,"nodeType":860},{},[51195,51199,51204],{"data":51196,"marks":51197,"value":51198,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As well as protecting your users against phishing, the SSO password protection feature can prevent credential stuffing attacks succeeding against your IdP instance. How? By stopping your employees from reusing their SSO password on other apps.  \nPush monitors the identities of thousands of employees. Around ",{"data":51200,"marks":51201,"value":51203,"nodeType":864},{},[51202],{"type":899},"1 in 3 of them reuse passwords",{"data":51205,"marks":51206,"value":51207,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across multiple accounts. ",{"data":51209,"content":51210,"nodeType":860},{},[51211],{"data":51212,"marks":51213,"value":51214,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employees know that their SSO password is one they’ll need to use a lot, and so they tend to choose one they know they will remember, because they are already using it successfully. That’s why we see higher levels of password reuse on IdP apps in particular.",{"data":51216,"content":51217,"nodeType":860},{},[51218],{"data":51219,"marks":51220,"value":51221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every time an SSO password is reused on another app, its exposure increases, along with the likelihood of it falling into the wrong hands. This can happen when another app experiences a breach and credentials are stolen. Or alternatively, when an attacker steals credentials in a phishing attack aimed at users of other apps where the password is being reused.",{"data":51223,"content":51224,"nodeType":860},{},[51225],{"data":51226,"marks":51227,"value":51228,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Armed with stolen credentials, an attacker can spray them across common cloud apps and see what additional accounts they can gain access to. IdP apps will be high on the list of cloud apps attackers will try because they provide much more in the way of access than a general SaaS user account.",{"data":51230,"content":51231,"nodeType":860},{},[51232],{"data":51233,"marks":51234,"value":51235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might be wondering if this feature can also be used to stop other password attacks such as password spraying and brute-forcing attacks. While this specific feature does not, Push’s other features do. ",{"data":51237,"content":51238,"nodeType":860},{},[51239,51243,51248],{"data":51240,"marks":51241,"value":51242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These include ",{"data":51244,"marks":51245,"value":51247,"nodeType":864},{},[51246],{"type":899},"in-browser guidance",{"data":51249,"marks":51250,"value":51251,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that stops users from creating and using easily guessable passwords as well as Push’s ability to detect when employees are not registered for MFA (and whether the methods they are using are phishing-resistant or not).",{"data":51253,"content":51257,"nodeType":996},{"target":51254},{"sys":51255},{"id":51256,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"uy6utpRA35spZFM7Da4Nt",[],{"data":51259,"content":51260,"nodeType":1312},{},[51261],{"data":51262,"marks":51263,"value":50707,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51265,"content":51266,"nodeType":860},{},[51267,51270,51276],{"data":51268,"marks":51269,"value":50714,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51271,"content":51272,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6897},[51273],{"data":51274,"marks":51275,"value":50331,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51277,"marks":51278,"value":51279,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using and how we detect vulnerable identities.","Introducing SSO Password Protection: Stop employees’ IdP credentials being exposed or phished","Use the Push browser agent’s unique vantage point to protect SSO credentials by blocking employees from entering their password into any other site. ","2024-04-29T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-sso-password-protection",{"items":51285},[51286,51288],{"sys":51287,"name":342},{"id":7851},{"sys":51289,"name":5648},{"id":5647},{"items":51291},[51292],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":51293},{"url":4881},{"__typename":2059,"sys":51295,"content":51297,"title":51731,"synopsis":51732,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":51733,"slug":51734,"tagsCollection":51735,"authorsCollection":51741},{"id":51296},"1RT7MmC7mJH5H3iWmzgqRI",{"json":51298},{"data":51299,"content":51300,"nodeType":856},{},[51301,51308,51327,51334,51387,51390,51397,51404,51411,51417,51424,51434,51441,51447,51450,51457,51477,51483,51489,51492,51499,51506,51513,51522,51529,51537,51553,51560,51568,51571,51578,51585,51592,51599,51602,51609,51616,51623,51656,51663,51666,51673,51680,51687,51707,51710,51717,51724],{"data":51302,"content":51303,"nodeType":860},{},[51304],{"data":51305,"marks":51306,"value":51307,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recently released a new feature that prevents employees from reusing their SSO password on other sites. Our goal with this feature is to stop high-risk credentials from being compromised (via phishing or data breach). If you aren’t reusing your Okta password for example, there’s no risk of it being compromised in another breach, and any attempt to dupe a user into using it on a phishing site will fail.",{"data":51309,"content":51310,"nodeType":860},{},[51311,51315,51324],{"data":51312,"marks":51313,"value":51314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To read more about why we developed this feature and how it works, check out this ",{"data":51316,"content":51318,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51317},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-sso-password-protection/",[51319],{"data":51320,"marks":51321,"value":51323,"nodeType":864},{},[51322],{"type":1455},"earlier blog post",{"data":51325,"marks":51326,"value":16076,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51328,"content":51329,"nodeType":860},{},[51330],{"data":51331,"marks":51332,"value":51333,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the concept for this feature is simple, we learned that there were several important nuances and design choices to make it both effective and practical:",{"data":51335,"content":51336,"nodeType":941},{},[51337,51347,51357,51367,51377],{"data":51338,"content":51339,"nodeType":945},{},[51340],{"data":51341,"content":51342,"nodeType":860},{},[51343],{"data":51344,"marks":51345,"value":51346,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Should employees be allowed to reuse their SSO password if they’re doing it intentionally?",{"data":51348,"content":51349,"nodeType":945},{},[51350],{"data":51351,"content":51352,"nodeType":860},{},[51353],{"data":51354,"marks":51355,"value":51356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If allowed, how do you give employees the right context to help them be sure they’re only reusing in the intended places?",{"data":51358,"content":51359,"nodeType":945},{},[51360],{"data":51361,"content":51362,"nodeType":860},{},[51363],{"data":51364,"marks":51365,"value":51366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How do you make the content for an employee-facing feature work for all organizations?",{"data":51368,"content":51369,"nodeType":945},{},[51370],{"data":51371,"content":51372,"nodeType":860},{},[51373],{"data":51374,"marks":51375,"value":51376,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How feasible is it to block all password reuse without encouraging the wrong behaviours or workarounds?",{"data":51378,"content":51379,"nodeType":945},{},[51380],{"data":51381,"content":51382,"nodeType":860},{},[51383],{"data":51384,"marks":51385,"value":51386,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where does threat intelligence fit into a password phishing prevention feature?",{"data":51388,"content":51389,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51391,"content":51392,"nodeType":1009},{},[51393],{"data":51394,"marks":51395,"value":51396,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To warn or to block?",{"data":51398,"content":51399,"nodeType":860},{},[51400],{"data":51401,"marks":51402,"value":51403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Fundamentally, the feature works by looking for when an employee enters their password for an app into somewhere that isn’t that app. Simple, right? ",{"data":51405,"content":51406,"nodeType":860},{},[51407],{"data":51408,"marks":51409,"value":51410,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The initial plan was that when detected, we’d block the form submission, let the employee know they almost got phished, and ride off into the sunset having saved the day.",{"data":51412,"content":51416,"nodeType":996},{"target":51413},{"sys":51414},{"id":51415,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6M3969P6CfpKVieeyLWVPx",[],{"data":51418,"content":51419,"nodeType":860},{},[51420],{"data":51421,"marks":51422,"value":51423,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unfortunately, despite password managers becoming more popular, some people still use the same password across multiple apps. In fact, our data shows around 1 in 3 people reuse passwords between accounts and we actually see higher levels of password reuse on IdP apps in particular.",{"data":51425,"content":51426,"nodeType":1116},{},[51427],{"data":51428,"content":51429,"nodeType":860},{},[51430],{"data":51431,"marks":51432,"value":51433,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1 in 3 people reuse passwords, with higher levels of password reuse on IdP apps",{"data":51435,"content":51436,"nodeType":860},{},[51437],{"data":51438,"marks":51439,"value":51440,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since password reuse is so common, this feature would cause friction by forcing employees to change their reused SSO passwords. Some security teams will consider this a good thing, but others might not be so comfortable. To support both cultures, we introduced WARN mode, where employees are stopped from reusing their password, but they’re given the option to continue anyway.",{"data":51442,"content":51446,"nodeType":996},{"target":51443},{"sys":51444},{"id":51445,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"Qj5Uqh1a4ErgJ9Bi1rscE",[],{"data":51448,"content":51449,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51451,"content":51452,"nodeType":1009},{},[51453],{"data":51454,"marks":51455,"value":51456,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Customizing block screen content",{"data":51458,"content":51459,"nodeType":860},{},[51460,51464,51473],{"data":51461,"marks":51462,"value":51463,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Through our ",{"data":51465,"content":51467,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51466},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-in-browser-app-banners-set-guardrails-for-cloud-apps/",[51468],{"data":51469,"marks":51470,"value":51472,"nodeType":864},{},[51471],{"type":1455},"app banner feature",{"data":51474,"marks":51475,"value":51476,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we’ve already learned that orgs like to customize any messages their employees see. This helps them give company-specific information (like how to contact the security team), match the tone of the business, or even just deliver the message in the right language if that’s not English.",{"data":51478,"content":51482,"nodeType":996},{"target":51479},{"sys":51480},{"id":51481,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1BlJyoWAeNm4thWxpnb6s7",[],{"data":51484,"content":51488,"nodeType":996},{"target":51485},{"sys":51486},{"id":51487,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3Cjd6KQHscTcO9csgb6AZ9",[],{"data":51490,"content":51491,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51493,"content":51494,"nodeType":1009},{},[51495],{"data":51496,"marks":51497,"value":51498,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adding helpful context",{"data":51500,"content":51501,"nodeType":860},{},[51502],{"data":51503,"marks":51504,"value":51505,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To help employees tell the difference between a phishing attack and their intentional password reuse, they need to know the context. Specifically, they need to know which password they’re about to enter and where they’re about to enter it. ",{"data":51507,"content":51508,"nodeType":860},{},[51509],{"data":51510,"marks":51511,"value":51512,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, a sensible default warning might look something like:",{"data":51514,"content":51515,"nodeType":860},{},[51516],{"data":51517,"marks":51518,"value":51521,"nodeType":864},{},[51519],{"type":51520},"code","Are you sure? You're about to enter your Okta password into evil.com. This is not Okta.",{"data":51523,"content":51524,"nodeType":860},{},[51525],{"data":51526,"marks":51527,"value":51528,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is distinctly different from:",{"data":51530,"content":51531,"nodeType":860},{},[51532],{"data":51533,"marks":51534,"value":51536,"nodeType":864},{},[51535],{"type":51520},"Are you sure? You're about to enter your Okta password into openai.com. This is not Okta.",{"data":51538,"content":51539,"nodeType":860},{},[51540,51544,51549],{"data":51541,"marks":51542,"value":51543,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Although I ",{"data":51545,"marks":51546,"value":51548,"nodeType":864},{},[51547],{"type":2246},"shouldn’t",{"data":51550,"marks":51551,"value":51552,"nodeType":864},{},[]," be using the same password for Okta and OpenAI, this extra information gives me the context to make a decision about whether this is intentional. Hopefully it has the added benefit of making me think twice about my intentional password reuse.",{"data":51554,"content":51555,"nodeType":860},{},[51556],{"data":51557,"marks":51558,"value":51559,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This extra context means the message shown to the employee needs to be dynamic. Since we have also established it’s important for our user to be able to customize the message shown, we needed to support these as variables. As such, the final default warning message looks like:",{"data":51561,"content":51562,"nodeType":860},{},[51563],{"data":51564,"marks":51565,"value":51567,"nodeType":864},{},[51566],{"type":51520},"Are you sure? You're about to enter your $IDP password into $URL. This is not $IDP.",{"data":51569,"content":51570,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51572,"content":51573,"nodeType":1009},{},[51574],{"data":51575,"marks":51576,"value":51577,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Focusing the scope",{"data":51579,"content":51580,"nodeType":860},{},[51581],{"data":51582,"marks":51583,"value":51584,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This feature could be applied to all passwords to just forcibly prevent password reuse. However, applying it everywhere increases the chances employees will trigger this feature due to intentional password reuse on less sensitive apps. The more they see the block or warn screen, the less weight it will hold.",{"data":51586,"content":51587,"nodeType":860},{},[51588],{"data":51589,"marks":51590,"value":51591,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Password phishing attacks are increasingly targeting identity provider platforms such as Okta and Microsoft 365 and for good reason. With this in mind, we decided to reduce the scope of this feature to only monitor identity provider accounts. This means that when it triggers, it really matters. Hopefully, this ensures employees take the notice seriously.",{"data":51593,"content":51594,"nodeType":860},{},[51595],{"data":51596,"marks":51597,"value":51598,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the future, if there’s appetite from our customers, we could open this feature up to let security teams choose which apps are protected, so you can apply it to other systems you might consider highly sensitive, such as GitHub or AWS.",{"data":51600,"content":51601,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51603,"content":51604,"nodeType":1009},{},[51605],{"data":51606,"marks":51607,"value":51608,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reducing false positives",{"data":51610,"content":51611,"nodeType":860},{},[51612],{"data":51613,"marks":51614,"value":51615,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s imperative the accuracy of this feature is high, since false reports have the potential to cause alarm or annoyance.",{"data":51617,"content":51618,"nodeType":860},{},[51619],{"data":51620,"marks":51621,"value":51622,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As our browser agent is already monitoring for password reuse, we were well positioned to ensure this feature wouldn’t trigger incorrectly by analyzing existing password reuse alerts. ",{"data":51624,"content":51625,"nodeType":860},{},[51626,51630,51635,51639,51643,51647,51652],{"data":51627,"marks":51628,"value":51629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There were some unexpected examples we needed to make sure were handled correctly, such as the ",{"data":51631,"marks":51632,"value":51634,"nodeType":864},{},[51633],{"type":2246},"newtab",{"data":51636,"marks":51637,"value":51638,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page in Edge – did you know you can login to Microsoft 365 right inside the ",{"data":51640,"marks":51641,"value":51634,"nodeType":864},{},[51642],{"type":2246},{"data":51644,"marks":51645,"value":51646,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page? Since the URL is not ",{"data":51648,"marks":51649,"value":51651,"nodeType":864},{},[51650],{"type":2246},"login.microsoftonline.com",{"data":51653,"marks":51654,"value":51655,"nodeType":864},{},[],", this looks like strange password reuse! Also, certain shopping websites (which shall not be named) resubmit your credentials on every page, which caused the warn screen to be shown for each page visited.",{"data":51657,"content":51658,"nodeType":860},{},[51659],{"data":51660,"marks":51661,"value":51662,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Inside your organization, it is reasonable that you might have your own examples of this - sites which aren’t hosted by your IdP but use the same underlying authentication. To the browser agent, this would look like password reuse, even though it isn’t, because the URL is different. To manage this, the feature starts in MONITOR mode so you can see where, if anywhere, this feature would trigger, and you can build up an ignore list for the browser agent.",{"data":51664,"content":51665,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51667,"content":51668,"nodeType":1009},{},[51669],{"data":51670,"marks":51671,"value":51672,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat intelligence question",{"data":51674,"content":51675,"nodeType":860},{},[51676],{"data":51677,"marks":51678,"value":51679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve come all this way and I’ve not mentioned threat intel even once! Surely that is a component of any phishing prevention tool? We considered it – and decided against it. Here’s why.",{"data":51681,"content":51682,"nodeType":860},{},[51683],{"data":51684,"marks":51685,"value":51686,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Primarily, you’d think threat intel could be used to detect known-bad sites and outright block them. And sure, we could do this, but we’d really just be reimplementing Google Safe Browsing. On the assumption we aren’t going to access a better threat intel feed than Google, we wouldn’t be adding anything above what your browser is already doing.",{"data":51688,"content":51689,"nodeType":860},{},[51690,51694,51703],{"data":51691,"marks":51692,"value":51693,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We hope this approach adds an extra layer of protection to the whack-a-mole of threat intel. Back in 2013, David Bianco introduced ",{"data":51695,"content":51697,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51696},"https://detect-respond.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-pyramid-of-pain.html",[51698],{"data":51699,"marks":51700,"value":51702,"nodeType":864},{},[51701],{"type":1455},"the pyramid of pain",{"data":51704,"marks":51705,"value":51706,"nodeType":864},{},[]," which captures this concept well. By generally preventing the TTP of password phishing, we hope to introduce much more pain for an attacker than focusing on known-bad indicators, such as domains.",{"data":51708,"content":51709,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51711,"content":51712,"nodeType":1009},{},[51713],{"data":51714,"marks":51715,"value":51716,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let us know what you think!",{"data":51718,"content":51719,"nodeType":860},{},[51720],{"data":51721,"marks":51722,"value":51723,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Give it a go, we’d love to hear how you get on and whether you have any ideas for how we could strengthen the feature in future.",{"data":51725,"content":51726,"nodeType":860},{},[51727],{"data":51728,"marks":51729,"value":51730,"nodeType":864},{},[],"I didn’t focus on it here, but hopefully it goes without saying that any account that uses a password should be backed with MFA. If you don’t have a good view of which of your employees are using MFA across your cloud identities, Push can do this for you too!","Dev diary: Phishing prevention behind the scenes","Behind the scenes of our approach to designing and developing our latest feature, SSO password protection.","2024-05-13T00:00:00.000Z","dev-diary-phishing-prevention-behind-the-scenes",{"items":51736},[51737,51739],{"sys":51738,"name":5648},{"id":5647},{"sys":51740,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"items":51742},[51743],{"fullName":4949,"firstName":4950,"jobTitle":4951,"profilePicture":51744},{"url":4953},"control-which-cloud-apps-employees-are-using-your-way","blog/control-which-cloud-apps-employees-are-using-your-way",{"json":51748},{"data":51749,"content":51750,"nodeType":856},{},[51751],{"data":51752,"content":51753,"nodeType":860},{},[51754],{"data":51755,"marks":51756,"value":51757,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use Push's variety of app banner options to control which cloud apps employees use, and how they use them.",{"id":51759,"publishedAt":51760},"214PIK43juDRzIflctLPOj","2026-08-12T11:55:24.827Z",{"items":51762},[51763,51765],{"sys":51764,"name":5648},{"id":5647},{"sys":51766,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"items":51768},[51769,51771,51773,51775,51777],{"sys":51770,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":51772,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":51774,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":51776,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45},{"id":630},{"sys":51778,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},"5cBhVVD1p2LzzhPxQYl89PGwd7fXpqn68fhDmLmwFsM",{"id":51781,"title":51782,"authorsCollection":51783,"content":51787,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":51989,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":51991,"metaTitle":51992,"ogImage":59,"postType":5356,"publishedDate":51993,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":51994,"slug":52524,"stem":52525,"subtitle":59,"summary":52526,"synopsis":52537,"sys":52538,"tagsCollection":52541,"topicsCollection":52545,"__hash__":52557},"blog/blog/product-release-april-2024.json","Product release: April 2024",{"items":51784},[51785],{"fullName":4949,"firstName":4950,"jobTitle":4951,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":51786},{"url":4953},{"json":51788,"links":51965},{"data":51789,"content":51790,"nodeType":856},{},[51791,51798,51831,51837,51853,51859,51875,51882,51897,51903,51920,51927,51943,51948],{"data":51792,"content":51793,"nodeType":1312},{},[51794],{"data":51795,"marks":51796,"value":51797,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here's what's new on the Push platform this month:",{"data":51799,"content":51800,"nodeType":941},{},[51801,51811,51821],{"data":51802,"content":51803,"nodeType":945},{},[51804],{"data":51805,"content":51806,"nodeType":860},{},[51807],{"data":51808,"marks":51809,"value":51810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Faster insights with the Push dashboard",{"data":51812,"content":51813,"nodeType":945},{},[51814],{"data":51815,"content":51816,"nodeType":860},{},[51817],{"data":51818,"marks":51819,"value":51820,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Integrate with Okta",{"data":51822,"content":51823,"nodeType":945},{},[51824],{"data":51825,"content":51826,"nodeType":860},{},[51827],{"data":51828,"marks":51829,"value":51830,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App banner acknowledge mode",{"data":51832,"content":51833,"nodeType":1312},{},[51834],{"data":51835,"marks":51836,"value":51810,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51838,"content":51839,"nodeType":860},{},[51840,51844,51849],{"data":51841,"marks":51842,"value":51843,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get an overview of the ",{"data":51845,"marks":51846,"value":51848,"nodeType":864},{},[51847],{"type":899},"actionable insights ",{"data":51850,"marks":51851,"value":51852,"nodeType":864},{},[],"from across your ecosystem of accounts, apps, and identities using the Push dashboard, now available in the Push admin console. Pinpoint vulnerable identities at risk of account takeover, see SSO trends across all accounts, and get a snapshot of your identity inventory.",{"data":51854,"content":51858,"nodeType":996},{"target":51855},{"sys":51856},{"id":51857,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1AbJEm5rHOxwYer519AT9C",[],{"data":51860,"content":51861,"nodeType":860},{},[51862,51865,51872],{"data":51863,"marks":51864,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51866,"content":51868,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51867},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/view-saas-apps-and-employee-activity/#dashboard",[51869],{"data":51870,"marks":51871,"value":5063,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51873,"marks":51874,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51876,"content":51877,"nodeType":1312},{},[51878],{"data":51879,"marks":51880,"value":51881,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Integrate with Okta to enrich your Push data",{"data":51883,"content":51884,"nodeType":860},{},[51885,51888,51893],{"data":51886,"marks":51887,"value":49058,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51889,"marks":51890,"value":51892,"nodeType":864},{},[51891],{"type":899},"integrate with Okta",{"data":51894,"marks":51895,"value":51896,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to sync employee records and pull in a list of your SSO apps to the Push platform, providing a valuable source of truth for data on your workforce accounts and approved apps. By integrating with Okta, you will also be able to capture additional login methods used by employees, such as Okta SWA.",{"data":51898,"content":51902,"nodeType":996},{"target":51899},{"sys":51900},{"id":51901,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2p7QbcSx8G2R8DVpCEZWYk",[],{"data":51904,"content":51905,"nodeType":860},{},[51906,51909,51917],{"data":51907,"marks":51908,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51910,"content":51912,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51911},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/add-employees/#integrate-with-okta",[51913],{"data":51914,"marks":51915,"value":51916,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How to integrate",{"data":51918,"marks":51919,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51921,"content":51922,"nodeType":1312},{},[51923],{"data":51924,"marks":51925,"value":51926,"nodeType":864},{},[],"New ‘Acknowledge’ mode for app banners",{"data":51928,"content":51929,"nodeType":860},{},[51930,51934,51939],{"data":51931,"marks":51932,"value":51933,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can now configure app banners to show a larger central message and also ",{"data":51935,"marks":51936,"value":51938,"nodeType":864},{},[51937],{"type":899},"require that an end-user acknowledge the message",{"data":51940,"marks":51941,"value":51942,"nodeType":864},{},[]," before proceeding to use an app, providing stronger in-browser guidance. 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GPT Banner Ad",{"url":53616,"width":50348,"height":50349},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4fnlFRQbFXOyjdBePic5u7/14bb89c73bce33df0be45daafb8a611b/chat-gpt-image.png",{"sys":53618,"__typename":1717,"type":50352,"ctaText":50353,"buttonLabel":50316,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":59},{"id":50007},{"sys":53620,"__typename":17523,"title":53621,"arcadeDemoUrl":53622,"playText":17526},{"id":50659},"App Banner - ChatGPT","https://demo.arcade.software/4cOPL5gSyxt6z4wqSL7y?embed",{"sys":53624,"__typename":17523,"title":53625,"arcadeDemoUrl":53626,"playText":17526},{"id":50679},"App Banner - Guide users to approved apps","https://demo.arcade.software/TlBO2p8454bN4szY4Jxq?embed",{"sys":53628,"__typename":17523,"title":53629,"arcadeDemoUrl":53630,"playText":17526},{"id":50699},"App Banners - Encourage SSO embed ","https://demo.arcade.software/mqoIhR7tM3wSCROmtens?embed",{"items":53632},[],{},"Introducing in-browser app banners",{"url":50347},{"items":53637},[53638,54348],{"__typename":2059,"sys":53639,"content":53641,"title":54330,"synopsis":54331,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":54332,"slug":54333,"tagsCollection":54334,"authorsCollection":54340},{"id":53640},"6rflXTFCRMvmM8JU8ZPSCt",{"json":53642},{"data":53643,"content":53644,"nodeType":856},{},[53645,53652,53659,53666,53673,53680,53687,53693,53700,53707,53714,53721,53737,53744,53751,53758,53765,53772,53779,53786,53792,53799,53806,53813,53820,53826,53834,53841,53848,53855,53862,53870,53877,53883,53890,53897,53920,53927,53960,53967,53983,53991,53998,54005,54012,54019,54072,54079,54085,54092,54099,54106,54114,54121,54128,54135,54166,54173,54207,54214,54221,54228,54235,54243,54250,54257,54264,54271,54278,54285,54292,54299,54318,54324],{"data":53646,"content":53647,"nodeType":1009},{},[53648],{"data":53649,"marks":53650,"value":53651,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What is in an identity?",{"data":53653,"content":53654,"nodeType":860},{},[53655],{"data":53656,"marks":53657,"value":53658,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Like real identities, digital identities are a little hard to define. Formally it’s a mapping of a human into the digital world, but more often this term is used as synonymous with a credential (e.g. a username and password, a Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) device, or a fingerprint) - the thing you use to prove you own the identity in an authentication process. When people say an identity is breached, they typically mean the credentials have been stolen.",{"data":53660,"content":53661,"nodeType":860},{},[53662],{"data":53663,"marks":53664,"value":53665,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a useful simplification, but bear in mind that reality is a bit more complex. For example - identities are typically tied to an account on an application (you want to login to Slack, Slack knows your password), but can also trust a third party (an Identity Provider or IdP) to authenticate an identity on your behalf in what’s known as federation (“login with Google” on Slack).",{"data":53667,"content":53668,"nodeType":860},{},[53669],{"data":53670,"marks":53671,"value":53672,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Surprisingly, it’s very common for modern apps to allow a user to authenticate to the same account using a local credential (a username and password) and a federated identity (e.g. the “login with Google” or “login with Microsoft” buttons) interchangeably.",{"data":53674,"content":53675,"nodeType":860},{},[53676],{"data":53677,"marks":53678,"value":53679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s how you could wind up with multiple identities tied to a single account, or multiple accounts tied to a single federated identity. This is exactly what you see for real users - and every weird in-between case to boot.",{"data":53681,"content":53682,"nodeType":1009},{},[53683],{"data":53684,"marks":53685,"value":53686,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The “new perimeter” … from a red-teamer’s perspective",{"data":53688,"content":53689,"nodeType":860},{},[53690],{"data":53691,"marks":53692,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":53694,"content":53695,"nodeType":860},{},[53696],{"data":53697,"marks":53698,"value":53699,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To see how identities are the new thing, it helps to see how we got here.",{"data":53701,"content":53702,"nodeType":1312},{},[53703],{"data":53704,"marks":53705,"value":53706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The good old days",{"data":53708,"content":53709,"nodeType":860},{},[53710],{"data":53711,"marks":53712,"value":53713,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A couple of decades ago, I was just getting started as a red-teamer or penetration tester, or whatever you want to call it. The job is to do what real attackers do so clients could understand the attack techniques and better defend against them. The most stressful part of each project was the first step - getting initial access to the target - getting past their perimeter and into the (usually) soft internals.",{"data":53715,"content":53716,"nodeType":860},{},[53717],{"data":53718,"marks":53719,"value":53720,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A security perimeter is a boundary at which controls can be enforced. From an offensive perspective, a security perimeter is the same as an attack surface: where you can target initial attacks to gain a foothold, from which you can launch further attacks. I use perimeter and attack surface interchangeably going forward.",{"data":53722,"content":53723,"nodeType":860},{},[53724,53728,53733],{"data":53725,"marks":53726,"value":53727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A perimeter can be physical, like a wall around a house, or virtual like the network boundary between an internal network and the internet where controls are things like firewalls. A couple of decades ago this internet network boundary was ",{"data":53729,"marks":53730,"value":53732,"nodeType":864},{},[53731],{"type":2246},"the",{"data":53734,"marks":53735,"value":53736,"nodeType":864},{},[]," perimeter. As any decent red-teamer during this era, we had a pretty well-oiled process of mapping a client’s external network, scanning it for services, and then identifying and exploiting known vulnerabilities in those services. With this foothold on a target network, we could pivot to other, more sensitive internal systems.",{"data":53738,"content":53739,"nodeType":860},{},[53740],{"data":53741,"marks":53742,"value":53743,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blue teams started having success with automated vulnerability scanning and patching programs, during this time. Then red teams responded by focusing on finding new vulnerabilities, especially in custom code like web applications. I fondly remember using techniques like xp_cmdshell with SQL injection to get access to breach perimeter systems and get access to internal networks. As DMZs, SDLC, vuln scanning and a dozen other tactics became generally adopted things improved to the point where those standard red-team playbooks weren’t working anymore. ",{"data":53745,"content":53746,"nodeType":1312},{},[53747],{"data":53748,"marks":53749,"value":53750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The shift to targeting users and their endpoints",{"data":53752,"content":53753,"nodeType":860},{},[53754],{"data":53755,"marks":53756,"value":53757,"nodeType":864},{},[],"About a decade ago, attackers realized it was easier to breach the perimeter and gain access to internal networks by simply targeting users with endpoints directly connected to the internal network. At the time the main techniques were email phishing and malicious web pages delivering exploits or straight malware. We put down Burp and our other web app testing tools and started spending our time crafting phishing emails with malicious macro-laden Microsoft Office documents for that initial entrypoint.",{"data":53759,"content":53760,"nodeType":860},{},[53761],{"data":53762,"marks":53763,"value":53764,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Defenders were on the back foot and even back then the “train your employees to spot attacks” advice felt as totally unrealistic as it’s now proved to be. The zeitgeist suggested, \"Attackers only need to succeed once; defenders must succeed every time.\" Defenders were blind and the focus was firmly on detection. Much much better telemetry was needed, which spawned the endpoint detection and response (EDR) revolution. ",{"data":53766,"content":53767,"nodeType":860},{},[53768],{"data":53769,"marks":53770,"value":53771,"nodeType":864},{},[],"EDR required immediate changes to red team tactics, and together with better endpoint security defaults, automatic OS updates (that actually started working) and memory exploit protections (things like DEP and ASLR) the timelines for successful attacks were stretching a lot.",{"data":53773,"content":53774,"nodeType":1312},{},[53775],{"data":53776,"marks":53777,"value":53778,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The modern perimeter",{"data":53780,"content":53781,"nodeType":860},{},[53782],{"data":53783,"marks":53784,"value":53785,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers have had to change tactics yet again, due to the rising cost of attacking endpoints and the fact that data has moved off endpoints and internal networks and onto cloud systems or Software as a Service (SaaS) applications.",{"data":53787,"content":53791,"nodeType":996},{"target":53788},{"sys":53789},{"id":53790,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"79wGG37CY7aBdRrdjO5eQY",[],{"data":53793,"content":53794,"nodeType":860},{},[53795],{"data":53796,"marks":53797,"value":53798,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identities have always existed as a target for attackers and were a critical part of the kill chain, but they used to be protected by some other perimeter, be that a network perimeter or an endpoint perimeter. ",{"data":53800,"content":53801,"nodeType":860},{},[53802],{"data":53803,"marks":53804,"value":53805,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This has fundamentally changed as modern work applications are now directly exposed to the internet  - and the only thing needed to access these apps are identities. That means identities are now no longer the second or third target but the initial target, the new perimeter.",{"data":53807,"content":53808,"nodeType":1009},{},[53809],{"data":53810,"marks":53811,"value":53812,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Securing the (identity) perimeter",{"data":53814,"content":53815,"nodeType":860},{},[53816],{"data":53817,"marks":53818,"value":53819,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To understand how we can protect this new perimeter, I’ll discuss the general approach to securing any perimeter, and then how this applies to the identity attack surface.",{"data":53821,"content":53825,"nodeType":996},{"target":53822},{"sys":53823},{"id":53824,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"c0YSk60vVULBPorLkkBPL",[],{"data":53827,"content":53828,"nodeType":1312},{},[53829],{"data":53830,"marks":53831,"value":53833,"nodeType":864},{},[53832],{"type":899},"1. Map your perimeter",{"data":53835,"content":53836,"nodeType":860},{},[53837],{"data":53838,"marks":53839,"value":53840,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s impossible to secure what you don’t know about. Whether your perimeter is made of network services, user endpoints or identities, you must know what they are before you can implement controls to protect them, and crucially, verify those controls are effective.",{"data":53842,"content":53843,"nodeType":860},{},[53844],{"data":53845,"marks":53846,"value":53847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In a traditional network setting, you might ask IT to inventory public network ranges, domains you own, and internet facing servers and services to get visibility into your attack surface. This is a pretty complex task and lots of the static inventory will quickly become outdated and incomplete. That’s why many orgs will perform network discovery activities to find internet-exposed network services, using anything from basic network scans to find onsite or self-hosted services to querying APIs in cloud infrastructure platforms (like AWS or Azure).",{"data":53849,"content":53850,"nodeType":860},{},[53851],{"data":53852,"marks":53853,"value":53854,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are parallels in the identity perimeter space, like querying Identity Providers (IdPs like Entra/AzureAD or Okta) for federated identities to map the attack surface. Unfortunately there is no equivalent to scanning your public network ranges for identities, since you can’t scan or query an app to find accounts on your domain (would that we could!). This problem is compounded by the fact that while IT and developers are typically the only ones that can create and expose new network services, most apps allow any employee to create a new identity by signing up to a free account outside your SSO solution.",{"data":53856,"content":53857,"nodeType":860},{},[53858],{"data":53859,"marks":53860,"value":53861,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Knowing your perimeter without a technical solution is going to be a very hit and miss affair. To have confidence that you understand your identity perimeter, you need an inventory solution that can discover SSO identities (the easy part), as well as identities created outside SSO, like local accounts those employees created just by signing up. To secure identities it’s not enough to know that an employee is accessing an app website, you need to know if they are logged in and what identity they are using (is the username a company email or personal gmail?) or you’ll be dealing with endless false positives.",{"data":53863,"content":53864,"nodeType":1312},{},[53865],{"data":53866,"marks":53867,"value":53869,"nodeType":864},{},[53868],{"type":899},"2. Reduce the size of your attack surface",{"data":53871,"content":53872,"nodeType":860},{},[53873],{"data":53874,"marks":53875,"value":53876,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once you have an idea of what makes up your perimeter, it’s generally a good idea to make it as small as possible. If you halve the number of network services an attacker can target, that means you can spend twice as long per service to secure the ones that remain - the same goes for identities!",{"data":53878,"content":53882,"nodeType":996},{"target":53879},{"sys":53880},{"id":53881,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2XZ5vADLzuEnc2aAdZrkbO",[],{"data":53884,"content":53885,"nodeType":860},{},[53886],{"data":53887,"marks":53888,"value":53889,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To start this process, remove unused or unnecessary targets from the perimeter. ",{"data":53891,"content":53892,"nodeType":860},{},[53893],{"data":53894,"marks":53895,"value":53896,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On a network perimeter that might mean:",{"data":53898,"content":53899,"nodeType":941},{},[53900,53910],{"data":53901,"content":53902,"nodeType":945},{},[53903],{"data":53904,"content":53905,"nodeType":860},{},[53906],{"data":53907,"marks":53908,"value":53909,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shutting down unused servers or",{"data":53911,"content":53912,"nodeType":945},{},[53913],{"data":53914,"content":53915,"nodeType":860},{},[53916],{"data":53917,"marks":53918,"value":53919,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Firewalling services that don’t need to be exposed to the internet.",{"data":53921,"content":53922,"nodeType":860},{},[53923],{"data":53924,"marks":53925,"value":53926,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the identity space, you might:",{"data":53928,"content":53929,"nodeType":941},{},[53930,53940,53950],{"data":53931,"content":53932,"nodeType":945},{},[53933],{"data":53934,"content":53935,"nodeType":860},{},[53936],{"data":53937,"marks":53938,"value":53939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Make sure new accounts use existing federated identities,",{"data":53941,"content":53942,"nodeType":945},{},[53943],{"data":53944,"content":53945,"nodeType":860},{},[53946],{"data":53947,"marks":53948,"value":53949,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Delete or disable unused SSO identities on your IdP, or ",{"data":53951,"content":53952,"nodeType":945},{},[53953],{"data":53954,"content":53955,"nodeType":860},{},[53956],{"data":53957,"marks":53958,"value":53959,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Manually delete unnecessary user accounts on work apps.",{"data":53961,"content":53962,"nodeType":860},{},[53963],{"data":53964,"marks":53965,"value":53966,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Manually deleting an unmanaged local identity on an app, e.g. after an employee leaves your org, is a (very) non-trivial task. This is because you often don’t known of the accounts and don't have access to manage the account (the IT or security team aren’t admin on the app tenant where it exists). You might have access to the user’s mailbox and be able to get access to the account by going through an account recovery flow and delete the account that way - but this is very time consuming and even more difficult if the user enabled MFA (which is what you want them to do!).",{"data":53968,"content":53969,"nodeType":860},{},[53970,53974,53979],{"data":53971,"marks":53972,"value":53973,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Given the difficulty of managing these accounts, a better strategy is to ",{"data":53975,"marks":53976,"value":53978,"nodeType":864},{},[53977],{"type":899},"make sure they never exist in the first place",{"data":53980,"marks":53981,"value":53982,"nodeType":864},{},[],". If you find you have lots of identities on an app you may decide the risk warrants IT effort and you can take over management of the app and integrate it with your IdP solution - or ask employees to use an alternative app instead. You can also use browser-based technical controls to prevent users from creating local identities in the first place.",{"data":53984,"content":53985,"nodeType":1312},{},[53986],{"data":53987,"marks":53988,"value":53990,"nodeType":864},{},[53989],{"type":899},"3. Harden the perimeter",{"data":53992,"content":53993,"nodeType":860},{},[53994],{"data":53995,"marks":53996,"value":53997,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once you’ve made the perimeter as small as possible, the next step is to make it more difficult to breach that perimeter. Similar to the other objectives, but especially here, there are two sides to this. First the implementation; you have processes, configuration standards, and tools to make sure network services are updated and securely configured. Virtually no one achieves success simply through implementing good processes, you must continually verify that these processes work and that it continues to work.",{"data":53999,"content":54000,"nodeType":860},{},[54001],{"data":54002,"marks":54003,"value":54004,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To verify network controls are in place and working you do something like vulnerability scanning, where you check the perimeter for known vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit and gain a foothold on your internal network. You might even have a risk profile that means you are concerned about more targeted attacks and hire pentesters or run a bug-bounty program to find weaknesses that can’t be automatically discovered. Very few organizations with an external network of any significant size perform a vulnerability scan for the first time - even a low-quality automated one - and find no serious issues. ",{"data":54006,"content":54007,"nodeType":860},{},[54008],{"data":54009,"marks":54010,"value":54011,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the identity space, the status-quo is to be content with making policies and implementing and configuring an SSO system without explicit verification that it works as it should. We should be following the same level of verification processes for the identity perimeter as we do/did for the endpoint and network perimeter. ",{"data":54013,"content":54014,"nodeType":860},{},[54015],{"data":54016,"marks":54017,"value":54018,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, the vulnerabilities we are looking for aren’t unpatched systems or zero-days. Instead, we’re looking for:",{"data":54020,"content":54021,"nodeType":941},{},[54022,54032,54042,54052,54062],{"data":54023,"content":54024,"nodeType":945},{},[54025],{"data":54026,"content":54027,"nodeType":860},{},[54028],{"data":54029,"marks":54030,"value":54031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Accounts without MFA, ",{"data":54033,"content":54034,"nodeType":945},{},[54035],{"data":54036,"content":54037,"nodeType":860},{},[54038],{"data":54039,"marks":54040,"value":54041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Those using weak MFA methods that make them phish-able,",{"data":54043,"content":54044,"nodeType":945},{},[54045],{"data":54046,"content":54047,"nodeType":860},{},[54048],{"data":54049,"marks":54050,"value":54051,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employees re-using the same password across multiple accounts, ",{"data":54053,"content":54054,"nodeType":945},{},[54055],{"data":54056,"content":54057,"nodeType":860},{},[54058],{"data":54059,"marks":54060,"value":54061,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Passwords that exist in public breach dumps,",{"data":54063,"content":54064,"nodeType":945},{},[54065],{"data":54066,"content":54067,"nodeType":860},{},[54068],{"data":54069,"marks":54070,"value":54071,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identities that should be in SSO but aren’t.",{"data":54073,"content":54074,"nodeType":860},{},[54075],{"data":54076,"marks":54077,"value":54078,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not yet standard practice to test or verify that identity controls are in place, but if the past has taught us anything it soon will be. You'd be surprised how many times we find that the MFA policies security teams thought they had in place, actually aren't.",{"data":54080,"content":54084,"nodeType":996},{"target":54081},{"sys":54082},{"id":54083,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4w5UZcf5hJ7ADuoT5W2tkC",[],{"data":54086,"content":54087,"nodeType":860},{},[54088],{"data":54089,"marks":54090,"value":54091,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Part of the reason for this lack of verification is due to lack of awareness. While identities used to be an internal thing that we protected with the network perimeter, online identities today are external and have slowly become the perimeter, almost without anyone noticing. While online identities are external, they are absolutely part of your attack surface and must be controlled and hardened to some extent.",{"data":54093,"content":54094,"nodeType":860},{},[54095],{"data":54096,"marks":54097,"value":54098,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Verifying controls is also really difficult, which is another reason we may not be making it a crucial step in the process. Customers feel that SSO solutions are security solutions and using security tools on security tools feel wrong. But it’s no different to vuln-scanning to ensure your firewalls are patched and don’t have default passwords. ",{"data":54100,"content":54101,"nodeType":860},{},[54102],{"data":54103,"marks":54104,"value":54105,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Verification can also be legally challenging because it’s not yet clear whether pentesters or red teamers are allowed to target online identities during assessments. Often these assets aren’t considered in scope during client assessments. This means these vulnerabilities rarely end up in pentest reports and therefore don’t enter many organization’s security or risk management processes. Since you own the identities (even on a third party identity solution or app) and are allowed to grant permission to the red team to use these identities, it seems to me that adding identities to the scope is distinct from bug hunting or vulnerability research on these apps (which is the legally challenging aspect). I would strongly recommend that you discuss including online identities with the red team as part of your next pentest.",{"data":54107,"content":54108,"nodeType":1312},{},[54109],{"data":54110,"marks":54111,"value":54113,"nodeType":864},{},[54112],{"type":899},"4. Limit breach impact",{"data":54115,"content":54116,"nodeType":860},{},[54117],{"data":54118,"marks":54119,"value":54120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The unfortunate reality is that regardless of what we do to harden a perimeter, there will always be a chance that breaches occur. The goal is to reduce that risk by minimizing the attack surface and hardening identities. ",{"data":54122,"content":54123,"nodeType":860},{},[54124],{"data":54125,"marks":54126,"value":54127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When an attacker does get a foothold (by compromising an identity, for instance) you need to to restrict their further actions. Risk involves both the likelihood and the impact of an event. Previously, we focused on reducing the likelihood of breaches. Now, we're also aiming to lessen the impact if they do occur.",{"data":54129,"content":54130,"nodeType":860},{},[54131],{"data":54132,"marks":54133,"value":54134,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In our network perimeter story, we might think of using a DMZ network to restrict network access for systems exposed to the internet. A common example of a failure to limit impact on a Windows endpoint breach is having service accounts on all endpoints with Domain Administrator permission - which effectively turns a breach of any endpoint very quickly into a breach of every endpoint.",{"data":54136,"content":54137,"nodeType":860},{},[54138,54142,54151,54155,54162],{"data":54139,"marks":54140,"value":54141,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In an identity context, we need to think not only of the direct effect of an identity compromise (e.g. what data can this account read), but also of further lateral movement attacks. Consider this ",{"data":54143,"content":54145,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54144},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/oktajacking/",[54146],{"data":54147,"marks":54148,"value":54150,"nodeType":864},{},[54149],{"type":1455},"Oktajacking",{"data":54152,"marks":54153,"value":54154,"nodeType":864},{},[]," case study where a breached identity with admin permissions on an otherwise low-risk app which is connected to SSO can be used to perform a ",{"data":54156,"content":54158,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54157},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/samljacking/description.md",[54159],{"data":54160,"marks":54161,"value":6527,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54163,"marks":54164,"value":54165,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attack that compromises SSO credentials for all other users of the same low-risk app.",{"data":54167,"content":54168,"nodeType":860},{},[54169],{"data":54170,"marks":54171,"value":54172,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In contrast to traditional network or endpoint breaches, identity breaches are scoped to the permissions that the compromised account has. If an identity is compromised, whatever that identity is authorized to do is the scope of the breach. For example:",{"data":54174,"content":54175,"nodeType":941},{},[54176,54186],{"data":54177,"content":54178,"nodeType":945},{},[54179],{"data":54180,"content":54181,"nodeType":860},{},[54182],{"data":54183,"marks":54184,"value":54185,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If an identity with read access to a code repository was breached you might consider that all the source code (hopefully no secrets!) they had read access to was taken unless you can prove otherwise. This is often more difficult than you expect - last time I checked Github (by far the world's most popular source code repository app) logs didn’t include, for example, zipped repo downloads. ",{"data":54187,"content":54188,"nodeType":945},{},[54189],{"data":54190,"content":54191,"nodeType":860},{},[54192,54196,54204],{"data":54193,"marks":54194,"value":54195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If an identity with write permission was compromised, you would also need to check all commits/changes to ensure no code was backdoored. The same applies for other apps - think of an identity with write access to a wiki being used to ",{"data":54197,"content":54199,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54198},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_backdooring/description.md",[54200],{"data":54201,"marks":54202,"value":54203,"nodeType":864},{},[],"drop links to phishing pages",{"data":54205,"marks":54206,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54208,"content":54209,"nodeType":860},{},[54210],{"data":54211,"marks":54212,"value":54213,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For primary cloud collaboration platforms with complex data types (think O365 or Google Workspace) your IT team is likely already managing policies to limit the data that a user can read. For primary cloud hosting platforms your DevOps teams are likely maintaining policies to manage privileged access to production systems. The situation is typically very different for the few dozen high risk “core apps” beyond the 2 or 3 apps that receive a lot of attention and have dedicated teams.",{"data":54215,"content":54216,"nodeType":860},{},[54217],{"data":54218,"marks":54219,"value":54220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Starting to review roles and permissions across the few dozen or so high-risk apps that are not as actively managed (or more likely self-managed by the teams using them) is a good way to start addressing the residual risk. The good news here is that most modern work apps use a much simpler permission model based largely around predefined roles like Owner, Admin, or Employee or similar variations. This means less flexibility, but also makes it a lot easier to manage permissions for identities on these apps - on balance, a good trade!",{"data":54222,"content":54223,"nodeType":860},{},[54224],{"data":54225,"marks":54226,"value":54227,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Consider this as part of your identity and access management review process. Something that used to be scoped around Active Directory group membership, but in a modern online identity context, now must be applied across many different work apps. ",{"data":54229,"content":54230,"nodeType":860},{},[54231],{"data":54232,"marks":54233,"value":54234,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unless you want to try to get access to each tenant of each app and normalize this data into a mega-spreadsheet, you need access to this data in your identity inventory. This is an especially big challenge as teams find many of the apps they care about support authentication through SSO, but not authorization.",{"data":54236,"content":54237,"nodeType":1312},{},[54238],{"data":54239,"marks":54240,"value":54242,"nodeType":864},{},[54241],{"type":899},"5. Detect and respond to attacks",{"data":54244,"content":54245,"nodeType":860},{},[54246],{"data":54247,"marks":54248,"value":54249,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Your last line of defense in protecting a perimeter is to monitor for attacks. It’s typically when controls and detections fail that breaches end in the news. ",{"data":54251,"content":54252,"nodeType":860},{},[54253],{"data":54254,"marks":54255,"value":54256,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Telemetry is the core building block of attack detection. Typically, you might ingest audit or event logs into a SIEM system. To detect attacks against identities, you’ll typically want to start with telemetry from SSO or IdP logs. These will provide some minimal coverage of many of the IT managed apps, but unfortunately attacks are more likely to happen on apps that aren’t SSO integrated, so we need a strategy to cover these as well. An identity inventory is a critical starting point to identify non-SSO apps from which you can collect event logs, as well as giving you visibility of the identities that are not covered.",{"data":54258,"content":54259,"nodeType":860},{},[54260],{"data":54261,"marks":54262,"value":54263,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Monitoring breaches for hosted work apps is different from other domains, largely because you are almost totally reliant on the app vendor to produce the telemetry. Unfortunately (I suspect primarily due to lack of customer demand), many apps don’t offer any centralized logging functionality at all, and those that do offer limited audit logs, or only do so on the top tier “enterprise” license plans. ",{"data":54265,"content":54266,"nodeType":860},{},[54267],{"data":54268,"marks":54269,"value":54270,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the network or endpoint world, when you need more telemetry you have all the access you need to install software or hardware to generate that additional telemetry. You could put a network monitoring appliance in-line with your internet gateways or install an endpoint (EDR) agent to generate more telemetry than your router or endpoint OS will generate. You can add a proxy in front of an app for your users, but (except for a very small number of highly configurable apps) you can’t make attackers go through your proxy.",{"data":54272,"content":54273,"nodeType":860},{},[54274],{"data":54275,"marks":54276,"value":54277,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What you can do, however, is generate additional telemetry on what happens to your employee’s identities in the browser. This is possible through browser extensions which can be managed through the enterprise management features available for all mainstream browsers (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari, Brave etc. etc.). This is incredibly powerful, and useful in directly detecting a range of identity attacks like phishing (is an employee trying to enter an SSO password into an app that isn’t the SSO login page?), but also through correlations with existing application or IdP logs that indicate account takeover (e.g. has there been a login event that wasn’t observed through the employee’s browser as well).",{"data":54279,"content":54280,"nodeType":1009},{},[54281],{"data":54282,"marks":54283,"value":54284,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Same, but different",{"data":54286,"content":54287,"nodeType":860},{},[54288],{"data":54289,"marks":54290,"value":54291,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Whether we’re looking at the Verizon DBIR or just keeping up with security news, it’s clear that identity-based attacks are already responsible for a significant number of breaches. Attackers have started shifting their focus and security teams need to recognize this shift and adapt.",{"data":54293,"content":54294,"nodeType":860},{},[54295],{"data":54296,"marks":54297,"value":54298,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This doesn’t require that we fundamentally rethink security or anything that radical, just that we apply what we’ve learned over the last couple of decades to this new domain. There are some new technologies and protocols to understand, new tools are needed, but the fundamentals like authentication and authorization are already familiar to any security professional. ",{"data":54300,"content":54301,"nodeType":860},{},[54302,54306,54314],{"data":54303,"marks":54304,"value":54305,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you follow what I’ve outlined here, a lot of the decisions we’ve made with building Push will make perfect sense. For example, you can’t make API integrations with apps to find identities when you don’t know about the apps or identities yet, so we needed a unique new data source. We use our own custom-built browser extension that’s force-deployed to your workforce, so we can observe employee identities as they are used in the browser. This gives us some pretty unique capabilities. If you found this interesting, follow us on ",{"data":54307,"content":54309,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54308},"https://www.linkedin.com/company/push-security",[54310],{"data":54311,"marks":54312,"value":54313,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Linkedin",{"data":54315,"marks":54316,"value":54317,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for more detailed blogs as we unpack this topic.",{"data":54319,"content":54323,"nodeType":996},{"target":54320},{"sys":54321},{"id":54322,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"H7m9DHmbE945FO193oLYP",[],{"data":54325,"content":54326,"nodeType":860},{},[54327],{"data":54328,"marks":54329,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"5 ways to defeat identity-based attacks","In this blog post we will cover what identities are, how we secure perimeters in general, and and how this maps to the identity space.\n","2024-02-26T00:00:00.000Z","5-ways-to-defeat-identity-based-attacks",{"items":54335},[54336,54338],{"sys":54337,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":54339,"name":342},{"id":7851},{"items":54341},[54342],{"fullName":54343,"firstName":54344,"jobTitle":54345,"profilePicture":54346},"Jacques Louw","Jacques","Co-founder / CRO",{"url":54347},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/39m8bektV23lnCRcEq0G8h/2a08f6276a50744f1a4b499b273f6bb2/Push_Founders_at_Cahoots_October_28_2022_by_Doug_Coombe-21.jpg",{"__typename":2059,"sys":54349,"content":54351,"title":55140,"synopsis":55141,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":55142,"slug":55143,"tagsCollection":55144,"authorsCollection":55150},{"id":54350},"6VZQJzQ2FNetGNMEjiuXB2",{"json":54352},{"data":54353,"content":54354,"nodeType":856},{},[54355,54362,54369,54376,54383,54390,54397,54403,54420,54427,54471,54478,54485,54530,54550,54557,54564,54571,54591,54611,54618,54651,54658,54678,54685,54692,54722,54742,54749,54755,54762,54769,54776,54783,54790,54797,54804,54811,54818,54825,54832,54839,54855,54862,54932,54939,54946,54975,54990,54997,55004,55011,55044,55064,55071,55078,55085,55092,55111,55129,55134],{"data":54356,"content":54357,"nodeType":860},{},[54358],{"data":54359,"marks":54360,"value":54361,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our goal at Push is simple — to stop identity attacks. Today, the vast majority of identity vulnerabilities exist in the context of SaaS apps. ",{"data":54363,"content":54364,"nodeType":860},{},[54365],{"data":54366,"marks":54367,"value":54368,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reasons for this are clear: Security teams have reduced central oversight and control over SaaS apps than they are used to, these apps exist in large numbers per company, and the identities that are used to access these apps are... complicated, to say the least. Securing hundreds of apps, with thousands of associated identities, is therefore no mean feat. ",{"data":54370,"content":54371,"nodeType":860},{},[54372],{"data":54373,"marks":54374,"value":54375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Securing SaaS use means building controls that are easy to use, easy to understand — and ultimately effective. Not just effective against the hand-wavy concept of “SaaS attacks,” but specific techniques — the most common techniques that are likely to cause real damage.",{"data":54377,"content":54378,"nodeType":860},{},[54379],{"data":54380,"marks":54381,"value":54382,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To talk about this, we need to have a shared understanding of what these techniques are. To get that conversation going, we’ve pulled together all the techniques we're aware of, and our research team has even added a bunch of new ones.",{"data":54384,"content":54385,"nodeType":1009},{},[54386],{"data":54387,"marks":54388,"value":54389,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SaaS attack matrix",{"data":54391,"content":54392,"nodeType":860},{},[54393],{"data":54394,"marks":54395,"value":54396,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve taken inspiration from the MITRE ATT&CK framework (certainly intended as the sincerest form of flattery), but wanted to make a conscious break away from the endpoint-focused ATT&CK techniques and instead focus on techniques that are SaaS-specific. In fact, these techniques don’t touch endpoints (so they bypass EDR) or customer networks (so they bypass network detection) — so we’re calling them networkless attacks.",{"data":54398,"content":54402,"nodeType":996},{"target":54399},{"sys":54400},{"id":54401,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"768Zv5gTVHyu5rbzJAzL4F",[],{"data":54404,"content":54405,"nodeType":860},{},[54406,54410,54417],{"data":54407,"marks":54408,"value":54409,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can find more detailed descriptions of these techniques (and hopefully PRs for some we missed) on ",{"data":54411,"content":54412,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7673},[54413],{"data":54414,"marks":54415,"value":7678,"nodeType":864},{},[54416],{"type":1455},{"data":54418,"marks":54419,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54421,"content":54422,"nodeType":860},{},[54423],{"data":54424,"marks":54425,"value":54426,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since we’re not targeting endpoints, let’s talk about the new targets: The accounts/identities on SaaS apps. We found it was useful to think about these identities not as standalone isolated islands — but much more like a graph; less a single web-server on the internet and more like many Windows endpoints on an Active Directory. ",{"data":54428,"content":54429,"nodeType":860},{},[54430,54434,54443,54446,54455,54459,54467],{"data":54431,"marks":54432,"value":54433,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can leverage this access to an identity on a trusted platform to target (so laterally move or escalate privilege to) other users or identities. For example, attacks like using access to SaaS apps to ",{"data":54435,"content":54437,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54436},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/in-app_phishing/description.md",[54438],{"data":54439,"marks":54440,"value":54442,"nodeType":864},{},[54441],{"type":1455},"phish other employees through comments",{"data":54444,"marks":54445,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54447,"content":54449,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54448},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_user_spoofing/description.md",[54450],{"data":54451,"marks":54452,"value":54454,"nodeType":864},{},[54453],{"type":1455},"spoofing users on IM platforms",{"data":54456,"marks":54457,"value":54458,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to social engineer them there — or perhaps ",{"data":54460,"content":54461,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54198},[54462],{"data":54463,"marks":54464,"value":54466,"nodeType":864},{},[54465],{"type":1455},"backdooring links",{"data":54468,"marks":54469,"value":54470,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in documents.",{"data":54472,"content":54473,"nodeType":860},{},[54474],{"data":54475,"marks":54476,"value":54477,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, unusually, it’s not the data in these hundreds of SaaS apps that create risk, and you need to consider low-risk (from a data perspective) apps as a vector to pivot to higher-risk apps in your estate.",{"data":54479,"content":54480,"nodeType":1312},{},[54481],{"data":54482,"marks":54483,"value":54484,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Initial access and poisoned tenants",{"data":54486,"content":54487,"nodeType":860},{},[54488,54492,54501,54504,54513,54517,54526],{"data":54489,"marks":54490,"value":54491,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attacks like ",{"data":54493,"content":54495,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54494},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/credential_stuffing/description.md",[54496],{"data":54497,"marks":54498,"value":54500,"nodeType":864},{},[54499],{"type":1455},"credential stuffing",{"data":54502,"marks":54503,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54505,"content":54507,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54506},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/email_phishing/description.md",[54508],{"data":54509,"marks":54510,"value":54512,"nodeType":864},{},[54511],{"type":1455},"email phishing",{"data":54514,"marks":54515,"value":54516,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that get you initial access to SaaS apps are fairly well known — because they work and are widely used. We’re also starting to see tools and attacks that suggest that ",{"data":54518,"content":54520,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54519},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_phishing/description.md",[54521],{"data":54522,"marks":54523,"value":54525,"nodeType":864},{},[54524],{"type":1455},"phishing employees through these IM apps",{"data":54527,"marks":54528,"value":54529,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is about to go mainstream.",{"data":54531,"content":54532,"nodeType":860},{},[54533,54537,54546],{"data":54534,"marks":54535,"value":54536,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another interesting attack is a spin on the classic waterhole attack called a ",{"data":54538,"content":54540,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54539},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/poisoned_tenants/description.md",[54541],{"data":54542,"marks":54543,"value":54545,"nodeType":864},{},[54544],{"type":1455},"poisoned tenant",{"data":54547,"marks":54548,"value":54549,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Rather than attacking a customer tenant for a SaaS app, the attacker lures employees into joining an attacker-controlled tenant. ",{"data":54551,"content":54552,"nodeType":860},{},[54553],{"data":54554,"marks":54555,"value":54556,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS apps allow anyone to name app tenants (a.k.a. spaces, teams, or instances) anything they like — including your company name. Attackers send invites to your employees from within the app with a customized message explaining why they should join this new tenant (or sign up to the app if they are not already a user). ",{"data":54558,"content":54559,"nodeType":860},{},[54560],{"data":54561,"marks":54562,"value":54563,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers might even pay for premium licenses in the app to further entice employees to join. The attacker then waits for the employee to upload sensitive data or create integrations with other company apps containing crown jewels.",{"data":54565,"content":54566,"nodeType":1312},{},[54567],{"data":54568,"marks":54569,"value":54570,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Living-off-the-(SaaS)-land to persist and avoid detection",{"data":54572,"content":54573,"nodeType":860},{},[54574,54578,54587],{"data":54575,"marks":54576,"value":54577,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the endpoint world, a favorite technique is the use of legit OS utilities or ",{"data":54579,"content":54581,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54580},"https://lolbas-project.github.io",[54582],{"data":54583,"marks":54584,"value":54586,"nodeType":864},{},[54585],{"type":1455},"LOLBaS",{"data":54588,"marks":54589,"value":54590,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (Living-Off-the-Land Binaries and Scripts), which are often signed Microsoft utilities. Perhaps the most well-known example is executing scripts through PowerShell rather than building custom malware. That isn’t as useful these days, but there was a time when PowerShell was routinely used to bypass AV, EDR, and even app allow-listing.",{"data":54592,"content":54593,"nodeType":860},{},[54594,54598,54607],{"data":54595,"marks":54596,"value":54597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In that same living-off-the-land mindset, an attacker trying to maintain access to each SaaS app they compromise using custom OAuth integration apps might instead choose to use legit SaaS apps that specialize in workflow automation to create ",{"data":54599,"content":54601,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54600},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/shadow_workflows/description.md",[54602],{"data":54603,"marks":54604,"value":54606,"nodeType":864},{},[54605],{"type":1455},"shadow workflows",{"data":54608,"marks":54609,"value":54610,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Utilizing legit SaaS apps also means they can hide in plain sight from incident responders, instead of having to rely on unverified or unpublished integrations.",{"data":54612,"content":54613,"nodeType":860},{},[54614],{"data":54615,"marks":54616,"value":54617,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Perhaps the best example here is using a well-known automation app like Zapier, which claims to have more than 5,000 integrations. These integrations are often verified, approved, and connected to a trusted vendor (Zapier). An attacker might create workflows to:",{"data":54619,"content":54620,"nodeType":941},{},[54621,54631,54641],{"data":54622,"content":54623,"nodeType":945},{},[54624],{"data":54625,"content":54626,"nodeType":860},{},[54627],{"data":54628,"marks":54629,"value":54630,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do daily data exfiltration from a victim’s data lake.",{"data":54632,"content":54633,"nodeType":945},{},[54634],{"data":54635,"content":54636,"nodeType":860},{},[54637],{"data":54638,"marks":54639,"value":54640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Configure a webhook that adds malicious accounts to a Github repo on demand.",{"data":54642,"content":54643,"nodeType":945},{},[54644],{"data":54645,"content":54646,"nodeType":860},{},[54647],{"data":54648,"marks":54649,"value":54650,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automatically find and replace bank account numbers in emails to the finance team.",{"data":54652,"content":54653,"nodeType":860},{},[54654],{"data":54655,"marks":54656,"value":54657,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All appear as legitimate Zapier integrations. But, before you put in alerts specifically for Zapier, know that it’s one of dozens of apps that support these kinds of offensive workflows.",{"data":54659,"content":54660,"nodeType":860},{},[54661,54665,54674],{"data":54662,"marks":54663,"value":54664,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A sneaky attacker might go further and use an ",{"data":54666,"content":54668,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54667},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/evil_twin_integrations/description.md",[54669],{"data":54670,"marks":54671,"value":54673,"nodeType":864},{},[54672],{"type":1455},"evil twin integration",{"data":54675,"marks":54676,"value":54677,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to make another instance of an existing integration — making this backdoor almost impossible to discover.",{"data":54679,"content":54680,"nodeType":1312},{},[54681],{"data":54682,"marks":54683,"value":54684,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Features or vulnerabilities?",{"data":54686,"content":54687,"nodeType":860},{},[54688],{"data":54689,"marks":54690,"value":54691,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When looking for attack techniques, you’re typically going after features that have weaknesses you can abuse rather than bugs in a single app that will be patched. ",{"data":54693,"content":54694,"nodeType":860},{},[54695,54699,54708,54711,54718],{"data":54696,"marks":54697,"value":54698,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s pretty common for SaaS apps to skip email verification or allow multiple simultaneous authentication methods. Both of these are conscious design choices in the name of lowering the friction of account creation and reducing customer support. However, these features make techniques like ",{"data":54700,"content":54702,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54701},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/account_ambushing/description.md",[54703],{"data":54704,"marks":54705,"value":54707,"nodeType":864},{},[54706],{"type":1455},"account ambushing",{"data":54709,"marks":54710,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54712,"content":54713,"nodeType":883},{"uri":45428},[54714],{"data":54715,"marks":54716,"value":28976,"nodeType":864},{},[54717],{"type":1455},{"data":54719,"marks":54720,"value":54721,"nodeType":864},{},[]," possible. If these attacks become widespread, these might come to be seen more as bugs rather than a positive feature for users.",{"data":54723,"content":54724,"nodeType":860},{},[54725,54729,54738],{"data":54726,"marks":54727,"value":54728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In other cases, the bugs are serious enough and hard enough to patch that they’re worth noting as a technique. The recently disclosed (and perfectly named) ",{"data":54730,"content":54732,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54731},"https://www.descope.com/blog/post/noauth",[54733],{"data":54734,"marks":54735,"value":54737,"nodeType":864},{},[54736],{"type":1455},"nOAuth",{"data":54739,"marks":54740,"value":54741,"nodeType":864},{},[]," bug fits this bill. ",{"data":54743,"content":54744,"nodeType":860},{},[54745],{"data":54746,"marks":54747,"value":54748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The bug arises from a confusion between an email identity and email metadata field in Microsoft integrations and without a central fix from MS (the fix isn’t trivial), these bugs are likely to be discovered and re-occur on third-party OAuth apps for a while to come.",{"data":54750,"content":54754,"nodeType":996},{"target":54751},{"sys":54752},{"id":54753,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6iKFd9Qys2SSuNqKVQB7ka",[],{"data":54756,"content":54757,"nodeType":1009},{},[54758],{"data":54759,"marks":54760,"value":54761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SaaS market is driving these offensive techniques",{"data":54763,"content":54764,"nodeType":860},{},[54765],{"data":54766,"marks":54767,"value":54768,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS apps are basically web apps that are run in the cloud and accessed from endpoints, so then WebApp, endpoint, and cloud security should cover all of SaaS, right? ",{"data":54770,"content":54771,"nodeType":860},{},[54772],{"data":54773,"marks":54774,"value":54775,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That was our assumption when we started, but what we found instead was that SaaS marketing practices are driving a lot of pretty interesting techniques that you don’t run into in standalone web apps.",{"data":54777,"content":54778,"nodeType":1312},{},[54779],{"data":54780,"marks":54781,"value":54782,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern SaaS is easy to adopt, easy to use, low friction, low cost, low overhead",{"data":54784,"content":54785,"nodeType":860},{},[54786],{"data":54787,"marks":54788,"value":54789,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Making apps easy to sign up for and low effort to support means you need to make some interesting choices when it comes to designing account creation and recovery flows. ",{"data":54791,"content":54792,"nodeType":860},{},[54793],{"data":54794,"marks":54795,"value":54796,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many apps allow users to sign into apps using multiple methods, easily invite collaborators (internal and external) and avoid any additional friction during the signup process. ",{"data":54798,"content":54799,"nodeType":860},{},[54800],{"data":54801,"marks":54802,"value":54803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, many apps avoid verifying new account email addresses. This is not laziness, these are conscious design choices — not driven by security clearly, but not accidents.",{"data":54805,"content":54806,"nodeType":1312},{},[54807],{"data":54808,"marks":54809,"value":54810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern SaaS is highly integrated",{"data":54812,"content":54813,"nodeType":860},{},[54814],{"data":54815,"marks":54816,"value":54817,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most SaaS apps are trying to build app marketplaces or perform well in other apps' marketplaces (often both), and it’s rare these days to find apps that don’t integrate with other apps. ",{"data":54819,"content":54820,"nodeType":860},{},[54821],{"data":54822,"marks":54823,"value":54824,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OAuth has become the de facto standard protocol for doing this, and most users have become quite used to approving OAuth2.0 consent flows. These integrations have opened up lots of incredibly useful doors for attackers to persist access and move laterally across SaaS apps that few incident response teams have run into yet. These tokens don’t expire when you reset passwords, aren’t protected by MFA, and actions they performed are rarely logged. ",{"data":54826,"content":54827,"nodeType":860},{},[54828],{"data":54829,"marks":54830,"value":54831,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are not bugs or oversights but rather a consequence of how these APIs are intended to be used (by machines, not human adversaries).",{"data":54833,"content":54834,"nodeType":1009},{},[54835],{"data":54836,"marks":54837,"value":54838,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Problems with observing SaaS attacks ",{"data":54840,"content":54841,"nodeType":860},{},[54842,54846,54851],{"data":54843,"marks":54844,"value":54845,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This research begs one question above others: ",{"data":54847,"marks":54848,"value":54850,"nodeType":864},{},[54849],{"type":2246},"“Are we seeing these attacks in the wild?",{"data":54852,"marks":54853,"value":54854,"nodeType":864},{},[],"” ",{"data":54856,"content":54857,"nodeType":1312},{},[54858],{"data":54859,"marks":54860,"value":54861,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yes, definitely",{"data":54863,"content":54864,"nodeType":860},{},[54865,54869,54878,54881,54890,54894,54903,54907,54915,54919,54928],{"data":54866,"marks":54867,"value":54868,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For some of the better-known techniques, like credential stuffing and email phishing, the answer is an easy yes. Stats from ",{"data":54870,"content":54872,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54871},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/05/04/how-microsoft-can-help-you-go-passwordless-this-world-password-day/",[54873],{"data":54874,"marks":54875,"value":54877,"nodeType":864},{},[54876],{"type":1455},"Microsoft (1,287 password attacks every second)",{"data":54879,"marks":54880,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54882,"content":54884,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54883},"https://auth0.com/blog/top-insights-from-our-2022-state-of-secure-identity-report/",[54885],{"data":54886,"marks":54887,"value":54889,"nodeType":864},{},[54888],{"type":1455},"Auth0 (a third of their traffic is credential stuffing)",{"data":54891,"marks":54892,"value":54893,"nodeType":864},{},[]," speaks volumes. Other sources like the ",{"data":54895,"content":54897,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54896},"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022",[54898],{"data":54899,"marks":54900,"value":54902,"nodeType":864},{},[54901],{"type":1455},"NCSC's Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2022",{"data":54904,"marks":54905,"value":54906,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and the ",{"data":54908,"content":54909,"nodeType":883},{"uri":11703},[54910],{"data":54911,"marks":54912,"value":54914,"nodeType":864},{},[54913],{"type":1455},"Verizon 2023 Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":54916,"marks":54917,"value":54918,"nodeType":864},{},[]," suggest that phishing is also a major cause of SaaS breaches. Anecdotal reports from colleagues in the Incident Response field suggest that malicious mail forwarding rules are seen a lot, something which is supported by the ",{"data":54920,"content":54922,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54921},"https://expel.com/expel-quarterly-threat-report/",[54923],{"data":54924,"marks":54925,"value":54927,"nodeType":864},{},[54926],{"type":1455},"Expel Quarterly Threat Report for Q1 2023",{"data":54929,"marks":54930,"value":54931,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (see page 6).",{"data":54933,"content":54934,"nodeType":860},{},[54935],{"data":54936,"marks":54937,"value":54938,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The takeaway is that the current focus for defenders should be to ensure users have good phishing-resistant account security in place — make sure you have basics like strong unique passwords and MFA in place across your entire SaaS estate.",{"data":54940,"content":54941,"nodeType":1312},{},[54942],{"data":54943,"marks":54944,"value":54945,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For newer OAuth attacks, it’s a lot less clear …",{"data":54947,"content":54948,"nodeType":860},{},[54949,54953,54958,54962,54971],{"data":54950,"marks":54951,"value":54952,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Other techniques like consent phishing have been discussed in some breach disclosures like the ",{"data":54954,"marks":54955,"value":54957,"nodeType":864},{},[54956],{"type":1455},"2020 SANS breach",{"data":54959,"marks":54960,"value":54961,"nodeType":864},{},[],". These OAuth techniques also pop up in the news (for example, the ",{"data":54963,"content":54965,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54964},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/github-how-stolen-oauth-tokens-helped-breach-dozens-of-orgs/",[54966],{"data":54967,"marks":54968,"value":54970,"nodeType":864},{},[54969],{"type":1455},"2022 Github/Heroku/Travis-CI breach",{"data":54972,"marks":54973,"value":54974,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where GitHub accounts were breached using stolen Heroku and Travis-CI OAuth tokens). ",{"data":54976,"content":54977,"nodeType":860},{},[54978,54982,54987],{"data":54979,"marks":54980,"value":54981,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, none of these techniques come up as frequently as their usefulness would suggest. This means one of two things: ",{"data":54983,"marks":54984,"value":54986,"nodeType":864},{},[54985],{"type":2246},"Either attackers aren’t yet using them widely, or they are and we aren’t detecting them",{"data":54988,"marks":54989,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54991,"content":54992,"nodeType":860},{},[54993],{"data":54994,"marks":54995,"value":54996,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There is certainly a case to be made that attackers simply don’t need these newer techniques yet. Many organizations don’t have a way of discovering SaaS use in their organization yet, never mind breached accounts, so new persistence techniques might be a bit more than necessary at the moment.",{"data":54998,"content":54999,"nodeType":1312},{},[55000],{"data":55001,"marks":55002,"value":55003,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But would we know if it was happening?",{"data":55005,"content":55006,"nodeType":860},{},[55007],{"data":55008,"marks":55009,"value":55010,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the other hand, there is certainly the possibility that these attacks are increasingly used, but are simply not being discovered. A strong argument in favor of this view is the difficulty in investigating these attacks. Very few SaaS apps provide enough logging capability to discover these attacks as a customer. This is true even for the biggest, most mature apps like Office 365 and Google Workspace unless you are on top license tiers. This is doubly true for attacks that use OAuth, with many apps providing no insight or details into actions made using OAuth-authenticated APIs. ",{"data":55012,"content":55013,"nodeType":860},{},[55014,55018,55027,55031,55040],{"data":55015,"marks":55016,"value":55017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This suggests only the SaaS providers for these apps are really in a position to discover and investigate them. This does ring true when you consider that ",{"data":55019,"content":55021,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55020},"https://blog.heroku.com/april-2022-incident-review",[55022],{"data":55023,"marks":55024,"value":55026,"nodeType":864},{},[55025],{"type":1455},"Heroku",{"data":55028,"marks":55029,"value":55030,"nodeType":864},{},[]," relied heavily on Github during the investigation (and in one case even the detection of) their 2022 breaches, and the same seems true for a similar breach affecting ",{"data":55032,"content":55034,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55033},"https://circleci.com/blog/jan-4-2023-incident-report/",[55035],{"data":55036,"marks":55037,"value":55039,"nodeType":864},{},[55038],{"type":1455},"CircleCI",{"data":55041,"marks":55042,"value":55043,"nodeType":864},{},[]," later that year. Github and CircleCI’s customers prompted the investigation after seeing strange behavior, but Github had access to the logs to investigate. It’s difficult to imagine that most or even many SaaS vendors have the resources or inclination to run these investigations effectively as GitHub appears to have.",{"data":55045,"content":55046,"nodeType":860},{},[55047,55051,55061],{"data":55048,"marks":55049,"value":55050,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, are these attacks happening in the real world? My best guess is it’s a little bit of column A and a little bit of column B — there are likely not so many of these attacks happening yet, and when they do, I suspect the vast majority go undetected. ",{"data":55052,"content":55054,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55053},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j95kNwZw8YY",[55055],{"data":55056,"marks":55057,"value":55060,"nodeType":864},{},[55058,55059],{"type":1455},{"type":2246},"But that’s just like my opinion, man.",{"data":55062,"marks":55063,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55065,"content":55066,"nodeType":860},{},[55067],{"data":55068,"marks":55069,"value":55070,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is part of the reason we think enabling red teamers to try these techniques in anger is useful — this is the time-proven way to understand these risks.",{"data":55072,"content":55073,"nodeType":1009},{},[55074],{"data":55075,"marks":55076,"value":55077,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What’s next?",{"data":55079,"content":55080,"nodeType":860},{},[55081],{"data":55082,"marks":55083,"value":55084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve barely scratched the surface, but perhaps there is enough here to get the discussion going. From past experience, discussion may not be enough, and it’s likely that live offensive work like penetration tests or more likely red team exercises will be required to make the risks of using these techniques real for the wider security community. ",{"data":55086,"content":55087,"nodeType":860},{},[55088],{"data":55089,"marks":55090,"value":55091,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After all, seeing is believing. We think some more practical examples and tools to help red  teamers use these techniques on engagements will help drive awareness forward, so we’ll be looking to build out this content.",{"data":55093,"content":55094,"nodeType":860},{},[55095,55099,55108],{"data":55096,"marks":55097,"value":55098,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve started with pure networkless attacks that don’t touch customer networks or endpoints, but there are many useful techniques to connect the old endpoint world to the SaaS world. Consider stealing OAuth tokens from a thick client on an endpoint, or using a ",{"data":55100,"content":55102,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55101},"https://github.blog/2023-07-18-security-alert-social-engineering-campaign-targets-technology-industry-employees/",[55103],{"data":55104,"marks":55105,"value":55107,"nodeType":864},{},[55106],{"type":1455},"backdoored GitHub repo to get code execution on endpoints",{"data":55109,"marks":55110,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55112,"content":55113,"nodeType":860},{},[55114,55118,55125],{"data":55115,"marks":55116,"value":55117,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Help us all better understand how widespread these attacks are by sharing some war stories. We’d love some comments, discussions, or PRs on ",{"data":55119,"content":55120,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7673},[55121],{"data":55122,"marks":55123,"value":7678,"nodeType":864},{},[55124],{"type":1455},{"data":55126,"marks":55127,"value":55128,"nodeType":864},{},[],"!",{"data":55130,"content":55133,"nodeType":996},{"target":55131},{"sys":55132},{"id":52312,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":55135,"content":55136,"nodeType":860},{},[55137],{"data":55138,"marks":55139,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s talk about SaaS attack techniques","Offensive security drives defensive security. We're sharing a collection of SaaS attack techniques to help defenders understand the threats they face.","2023-07-27T00:00:00.000Z","saas-attack-techniques",{"items":55145},[55146,55148],{"sys":55147,"name":7848},{"id":7847},{"sys":55149,"name":342},{"id":7851},{"items":55151},[55152],{"fullName":54343,"firstName":54344,"jobTitle":54345,"profilePicture":55153},{"url":54347},"blog/introducing-in-browser-app-banners-set-guardrails-for-cloud-apps",{"json":55156},{"data":55157,"content":55158,"nodeType":856},{},[55159],{"data":55160,"content":55161,"nodeType":860},{},[55162],{"data":55163,"marks":55164,"value":55165,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By using Push’s app banners feature, you can configure a custom message to appear on the login and signup pages of any app used by your employees.",{"id":50402,"publishedAt":55167},"2026-08-12T11:55:37.802Z",{"items":55169},[55170,55172],{"sys":55171,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":55173,"name":5648},{"id":5647},{"items":55175},[55176,55178,55180,55182,55184],{"sys":55177,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":55179,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":55181,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":55183,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},{"sys":55185,"name":554,"slug":555,"tier":45},{"id":551},"2DwDeZ4hJuuA_zJkPofcyW1BK17X7nJy29G4HMiC2Sk",1787040112451]