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Shadow AI adoption may now outpace wider shadow SaaS, and attackers are already turning AI chatbot platforms into malware delivery channels. Push has researched the offensive potential of computer-using agents and now applies AI agents to its own threat hunting. This hub covers AI as risk, target, and defensive tool.",22,{"sys":240,"faqItemsCollection":242,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45,"intro":246,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":241},"topic-ai-attacks",{"items":243},[],"AI attacks","ai-attacks","AI attacks run in both directions: attackers using AI to scale phishing, malware delivery, and identity attacks, and AI platforms themselves becoming the attack surface. 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These posts cover both sides — extension-borne risks like browser sync attacks and the limits of risk scoring, and how Push uses its extension to detect threats and block risky extensions.",30,{"sys":293,"faqItemsCollection":295,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31,"intro":299,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":300,"hasPage":19},{"id":294},"topic-browser-security",{"items":296},[],"Browser security","browser-security","Work now happens in the browser, making browser security — visibility and control at the point where users meet the web — a core layer of enterprise defense. Endpoint, network, and email tools miss attacks that unfold inside the browser session, from AiTM phishing to risky extensions and shadow SaaS. Push has published extensively on choosing between enterprise browsers and browser extensions, using browser telemetry, and making the business case for browser security. Start here for both strategy and hands-on guidance.",127,{"sys":302,"faqItemsCollection":304,"name":306,"slug":307,"tier":45,"intro":308,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":309,"hasPage":19},{"id":303},"topic-casb",{"items":305},[],"CASB","casb","Cloud access security brokers (CASBs) govern cloud app usage through API integrations and network proxies — an approach that works for sanctioned apps but struggles with the long tail of shadow SaaS employees adopt on their own. 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Push detects verified stolen credentials by comparing employee passwords against breach datasets and dark-web threat intelligence, eliminating false positives.",64,{"sys":338,"faqItemsCollection":340,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31,"intro":344,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":345,"hasPage":19},{"id":339},"topic-detection-and-response",{"items":341},[],"Detection & response","detection-and-response","Detection and response is being reshaped as attacks move into the browser, where EDR, SIEM, and network tools have limited visibility. Modern phishing kits evade signature-based detection, and most malicious pages have never been seen before — so technique-level, in-browser detection matters more than known-bad indicators. Push’s work here spans high-fidelity browser telemetry, session token theft detection, and agentic threat hunting, plus practical IR guidance for compromised SaaS accounts and malicious OAuth apps. These posts cover both the philosophy and the workflows.",101,{"sys":347,"faqItemsCollection":349,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45,"intro":353,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":354,"hasPage":19},{"id":348},"topic-detection-engineering",{"items":350},[],"Detection engineering","detection-engineering","Detection engineering turns threat research into reliable, high-fidelity detections — and as AI accelerates the churn of attacker infrastructure, indicator-based detection is collapsing in favor of technique-level approaches. Here you’ll find teardowns of AiTM kits, ClickFix pages, and malvertising campaigns, alongside Push’s own account of building an agentic threat hunting pipeline that turns hunts into shipped detections.",42,{"sys":356,"faqItemsCollection":358,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45,"intro":362,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":357},"topic-device-code-phishing",{"items":359},[],"Device code phishing","device-code-phishing","Device code phishing abuses the OAuth device authorization flow: attackers generate a legitimate sign-in code, trick the victim into entering it on the vendor’s real login page, and walk away with access tokens — no fake site or password capture required. Push research tracked a sharp spike in adoption during 2026 as attackers use the technique to sidestep standard access controls.",{"sys":364,"faqItemsCollection":366,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45,"intro":370,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":365},"topic-dlp",{"items":367},[],"DLP","dlp","Data loss prevention (DLP) is the practice of stopping sensitive data from leaving your control — a problem that has shifted from email and endpoints to the browser, where employees move data into SaaS and AI tools. Push applies controls at that point of use, from keeping corporate credentials out of personal password managers to governing what flows into unsanctioned apps.",15,{"sys":373,"faqItemsCollection":375,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45,"intro":379,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":380,"hasPage":19},{"id":374},"topic-edr",{"items":376},[],"EDR","edr","Endpoint detection and response (EDR) watches processes, files, and memory on the device — a vantage point that never sees the phishing pages, stolen sessions, and identity attacks playing out inside the browser. That’s not an EDR failure; attackers have simply moved where it can’t follow. These posts map that gap and show how Push pairs browser-level detection and response with endpoint security to close it.",24,{"sys":382,"faqItemsCollection":384,"name":386,"slug":387,"tier":45,"intro":388,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":383},"topic-enterprise-browser",{"items":385},[],"Enterprise browser","enterprise-browser","An enterprise browser is a standalone, security-hardened browser that organizations deploy in place of Chrome, Edge, or other defaults. The real buying question is whether replacing the browser beats securing the browsers employees already use — a trade-off these posts examine directly, alongside analysis of Omdia’s secure enterprise browser market report and Push’s framework for weighing full browsers against extension-based deployment.",6,{"sys":391,"faqItemsCollection":393,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45,"intro":397,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":392},"topic-ghost-logins",{"items":394},[],"Ghost logins","ghost-logins","Ghost logins are overlooked authentication routes into an account — like a password login lingering behind SSO, or a forgotten secondary auth method — that attackers exploit for account takeover and persistence. Push coined the term after research showing how these forgotten login paths let attackers sidestep the MFA and SSO controls guarding an account’s primary sign-in method.",48,{"sys":400,"faqItemsCollection":402,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45,"intro":406,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":407,"hasPage":19},{"id":401},"topic-identity-attacks",{"items":403},[],"Identity attacks","identity-attacks","Identity attacks target user accounts rather than infrastructure — phishing credentials, stealing sessions, abusing OAuth grants — because logging in is easier than hacking in. Identity-based techniques are now the leading cause of breaches. Push’s offensive research maps these techniques continuously, coining attacks like SAMLjacking and the poisoned tenant before they appeared in the wild.",56,{"sys":409,"faqItemsCollection":411,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31,"intro":415,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":416,"hasPage":19},{"id":410},"topic-identity-security",{"items":412},[],"Identity security","identity-security","Identity security is the practice of protecting workforce accounts, credentials, and sessions — the primary route attackers now use to breach organizations. Instead of hacking in, attackers log in: through phished credentials, stolen session tokens, MFA bypass, and forgotten ghost logins. Push’s research team documents these techniques continuously, from cross-IdP impersonation and SAMLjacking to analyses of major identity-driven breaches. This hub collects that research alongside practical guidance on MFA, SSO, and stopping account takeover.",154,{"sys":418,"faqItemsCollection":420,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45,"intro":424,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":425,"hasPage":19},{"id":419},"topic-infostealer",{"items":421},[],"Infostealer","infostealer","Infostealers are malware built to harvest saved passwords, cookies, and session tokens from infected devices, supplying the stolen credentials behind some of the most consequential breaches of recent years. Push traces the ecosystem trading this data and checks employee passwords against threat intel feeds, flagging verified stolen credentials before attackers can log in with them.",52,{"sys":427,"faqItemsCollection":429,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45,"intro":433,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":434,"hasPage":19},{"id":428},"topic-legitimate-service-abuse",{"items":430},[],"Legitimate service abuse","legitimate-service-abuse","Legitimate service abuse means staging attacks on trusted platforms — Google Ads, AI chatbot share pages, office.com links, Slack, SaaS tenants — so malicious content inherits the reputation of the service hosting it. Push research has documented the pattern repeatedly, from malvertising run through hijacked Google Ad Manager accounts to phishing links generated by Active Directory Federation Services.",28,{"sys":436,"faqItemsCollection":438,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45,"intro":442,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":291,"hasPage":19},{"id":437},"topic-malvertising",{"items":439},[],"Malvertising","malvertising","Malvertising uses paid search and display ads to put phishing pages and malware in front of users, often by impersonating trusted brands at the top of Google results. Push tracks these campaigns continuously — intercepting live attacks spoofing well-known brands — and has documented how criminals hijack Google Ads accounts to fund and run them.",{"sys":444,"faqItemsCollection":446,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45,"intro":450,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":445},"topic-malware-delivery",{"items":447},[],"Malware delivery","malware-delivery","Malware delivery has moved into the browser: rather than email attachments, attackers now rely on malvertising, fake install guides, and ClickFix-style copy-paste lures to get code running on endpoints. Push research on techniques like InstallFix maps the playbook, and in-browser detection of malicious copy and paste blocks these attacks before commands reach the endpoint.",13,{"sys":453,"faqItemsCollection":455,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45,"intro":459,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":460,"hasPage":19},{"id":454},"topic-mfa",{"items":456},[],"MFA","mfa","Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires a second proof of identity beyond a password, and it remains one of the most effective controls against account takeover. Regulators from Cyber Essentials to NYDFS now mandate it across cloud services. Push enforces MFA in the browser on third-party apps — even those with no native enforcement option — and shows security teams where coverage gaps remain.",83,{"sys":462,"faqItemsCollection":464,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45,"intro":468,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":469,"hasPage":19},{"id":463},"topic-mfa-bypass",{"items":465},[],"MFA bypass","mfa-bypass","MFA bypass covers the techniques attackers use to defeat multi-factor authentication — AiTM phishing kits, consent phishing, device code phishing, and MFA downgrade attacks among them. None of these break the second factor; they route around it. Push researchers regularly get hands-on with phishing kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA, analyzing how these attacks work in the wild and how they evolve.",58,{"sys":471,"faqItemsCollection":473,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45,"intro":477,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":478,"hasPage":19},{"id":472},"topic-non-email-phishing",{"items":474},[],"Non-email phishing","non-email-phishing","Non-email phishing delivers malicious links through channels your secure email gateway never sees — social media messages, IM apps like Slack and Teams, search ads, and SMS. Push has intercepted live campaigns arriving via LinkedIn DMs, malvertising, and messaging platforms, which is why it detects phishing pages in the browser at the point of click, regardless of delivery channel.",51,{"sys":480,"faqItemsCollection":482,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45,"intro":486,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":487,"hasPage":19},{"id":481},"topic-oauth-abuse",{"items":483},[],"OAuth abuse","oauth-abuse","OAuth abuse is attackers exploiting app-to-app authorization — consent phishing, malicious OAuth apps, stolen tokens, and device code flows — to gain persistent access to cloud tenants without touching a password or MFA prompt. Push tracks these techniques continuously and discovered ConsentFix, a browser-native attack in the wild that pairs OAuth consent phishing with a ClickFix-style prompt.",70,{"sys":489,"faqItemsCollection":491,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45,"intro":495,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":496,"hasPage":19},{"id":490},"topic-passkeys",{"items":492},[],"Passkeys","passkeys","Passkeys are phishing-resistant credentials that replace passwords with cryptographic key pairs bound to a user’s device. They defeat conventional credential phishing, but attackers adapt: Push research has documented MFA downgrade, app-specific password phishing, and device code phishing being used in the wild to route around passkey-protected accounts. Deploying passkeys is step one; closing those fallback paths is step two.",21,{"sys":498,"faqItemsCollection":500,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45,"intro":504,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":505,"hasPage":19},{"id":499},"topic-password-security",{"items":501},[],"Password security","password-security","Password security is the practice of keeping workforce credentials strong, unique, and out of attackers’ hands — still a frontline defense while most SaaS logins depend on passwords. Expiration policies don’t fix weak or reused passwords; visibility does. Push observes real logins in the browser to flag weak, reused, and breached passwords and guide employees to reset them on any app.",79,{"sys":507,"faqItemsCollection":509,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45,"intro":513,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":318,"hasPage":19},{"id":508},"topic-phaas",{"items":510},[],"PhaaS","phaas","Phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) platforms sell ready-made phishing kits, hosted infrastructure, and management panels on subscription, letting low-skill criminals run MFA-bypassing campaigns at scale. Kits like Evilginx, Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, and EvilTokens each add their own evasion and session-theft capabilities, and new entrants appear regularly. Push researchers continuously get hands-on with these tools — investigating attacks in the wild, reverse-engineering kit behavior, and turning that research into detections.",{"sys":515,"faqItemsCollection":517,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31,"intro":521,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":522,"hasPage":19},{"id":516},"topic-phishing",{"items":518},[],"Phishing","phishing","Phishing remains the most common way attackers compromise business accounts — and it has moved far beyond suspicious emails. Modern campaigns use AiTM toolkits that bypass MFA, consent phishing against OAuth, device code phishing, and lures delivered through malvertising, LinkedIn, and Slack. Push detects and blocks these attacks in the browser, and its researchers publish teardowns of live campaigns and kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA. Read on for how phishing actually works today and what stops it.",91,{"sys":524,"faqItemsCollection":526,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45,"intro":530,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":531,"hasPage":19},{"id":525},"topic-public-breach",{"items":527},[],"Public breach","public-breach","Public breaches are the disclosed incidents that show how attacks actually unfold once the headlines fade. Push’s breach analyses keep finding identity at the entry point: stolen credentials, OAuth abuse, and missing MFA recur across the incidents analyzed here.",29,{"sys":533,"faqItemsCollection":535,"name":537,"slug":538,"tier":45,"intro":539,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":534},"topic-ransomware",{"items":536},[],"Ransomware","ransomware","Ransomware attacks increasingly begin with an identity, not an exploit: stolen credentials, MFA bypass, and help desk scams give operators their initial foothold. The analysis here follows that front end of the kill chain — how identity compromise leads to ransomware deployment, and the breaches driving regulators toward tighter MFA requirements.",{"sys":541,"faqItemsCollection":543,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31,"intro":547,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":548,"hasPage":19},{"id":542},"topic-saas-security",{"items":544},[],"SaaS security","saas-security","SaaS security means protecting the sprawl of cloud apps, accounts, and integrations your employees adopt — often without IT ever knowing. Shadow SaaS, risky OAuth grants, ghost logins, and unmanaged third-party access create attack paths traditional controls can’t see, as recent high-profile breaches have demonstrated. Building on the original SaaS attack matrix, Push continues to map SaaS-native attack techniques alongside practical guides for discovering and securing unsanctioned apps, and this hub gathers all of it.",96,{"sys":550,"faqItemsCollection":552,"name":554,"slug":555,"tier":45,"intro":556,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":551},"topic-security-training",{"items":553},[],"Security training","security-training","Security training aims to teach employees to recognize and avoid attacks — yet modern phishing routinely fools even seasoned security professionals. Push argues that training budgets work harder as real-time, in-browser intervention: guardrails and warnings at the moment of risk, rather than lessons employees must recall under pressure.",4,{"sys":559,"faqItemsCollection":561,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45,"intro":565,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":560},"topic-seo-poisoning",{"items":562},[],"SEO poisoning","seo-poisoning","SEO poisoning manipulates search engine results so malicious pages rank prominently for the software, tools, or services users are actively searching for, turning a routine search into an infection vector. It often pairs with malvertising and ClickFix-style payloads — Push has documented attackers abusing shared pages on legitimate AI chatbot domains to deliver malware from trusted infrastructure.",{"sys":567,"faqItemsCollection":569,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45,"intro":573,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":574,"hasPage":19},{"id":568},"topic-session-hijacking",{"items":570},[],"Session hijacking","session-hijacking","Session hijacking is the theft of an authenticated session — usually via stolen session cookies or tokens — letting attackers walk past passwords and MFA into a live account. AiTM phishing kits and infostealers have made it a mainstream attack technique across both criminal and targeted intrusions. Push’s browser agent detects session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string, creating a high-fidelity signal for security teams.",74,{"sys":576,"faqItemsCollection":578,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45,"intro":582,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":583,"hasPage":19},{"id":577},"topic-shadow-ai",{"items":579},[],"Shadow AI","shadow-ai","Shadow AI is employees’ unsanctioned use of AI tools at work, putting corporate data into chatbots and assistants that security teams never approved and can’t see. Push’s own browser telemetry shows AI adoption acting as a force multiplier for shadow IT — potentially now outscaling shadow SaaS — and this hub tracks that research, real-world breach examples, and practical controls.",20,{"sys":585,"faqItemsCollection":587,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45,"intro":591,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":592,"hasPage":19},{"id":586},"topic-shadow-saas",{"items":588},[],"Shadow SaaS","shadow-saas","Shadow SaaS is the cloud applications employees adopt for work without IT approval, each one creating unmanaged accounts, identities, and data outside your security controls. Push covers the problem end to end — from browser-based SaaS discovery to in-browser app banners and MFA enforcement — alongside breach analyses that show where unmanaged accounts lead.",75,{"sys":594,"faqItemsCollection":596,"name":598,"slug":599,"tier":45,"intro":600,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":601,"hasPage":19},{"id":595},"topic-siem",{"items":597},[],"SIEM","siem","A SIEM is only as good as the telemetry feeding it, and most log sources never see what happens inside the browser — where phishing, session token theft, and account takeover actually play out. Push streams browser-level detections and identity telemetry into SIEMs, and these posts show how that data improves detection fidelity and cuts alert fatigue.",19,{"sys":603,"faqItemsCollection":605,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45,"intro":609,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":610,"hasPage":19},{"id":604},"topic-social-engineering",{"items":606},[],"Social engineering","social-engineering","Social engineering is the manipulation of people — through phishing pages, help desk impersonation, vishing calls, and poisoned tenant invites — into handing over access that no exploit could take. Coverage here tracks how threat actors run these plays — drawing on Push’s ongoing investigation of live phishing infrastructure and criminal tooling.",59,{"sys":612,"faqItemsCollection":614,"name":616,"slug":617,"tier":31,"intro":618,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":613},"topic-supply-chain-security",{"items":615},[],"Supply chain security","supply-chain-security","Supply chain security extends beyond your own perimeter to the vendors, platforms, and browser extensions your organization depends on. A compromised third party can hand attackers legitimate access — as recent campaigns against SaaS providers have shown. Push’s research examines the browser-extension supply chain in particular: why extension risk scores fail to predict compromise, and how developers can harden extensions against takeover. These posts frame supply chain risk through a browser and identity lens.",{"sys":620,"faqItemsCollection":622,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45,"intro":626,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":627,"hasPage":19},{"id":621},"topic-swg",{"items":623},[],"SWG","swg","A secure web gateway (SWG) filters and inspects web traffic in transit, sitting in the network path between users and the internet. That position shows you the packet but not the session: Push’s research on AitM phishing kits documents how attackers break the signatures proxies rely on, and these posts explain why phishing detection is moving from the network path into the browser itself.",17,{"sys":629,"faqItemsCollection":631,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45,"intro":635,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":636,"hasPage":19},{"id":630},"topic-third-party-risk",{"items":632},[],"Third-party risk","third-party-risk","Third-party risk is the exposure your organization inherits from vendors, SaaS providers, and integrations that hold your data or access your tenants — a chain now extended one employee sign-up at a time. This hub collects Push’s breach analyses and guides for assessing OAuth integrations, managing browser extensions, and responding when a supplier is compromised.",44,{"sys":638,"faqItemsCollection":640,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31,"intro":644,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":639},"topic-threat-landscape",{"items":641},[],"Threat landscape","threat-landscape","The enterprise threat landscape is now defined by identity attacks: criminals log in with phished, stolen, or stuffed credentials rather than breaking infrastructure. Threat actors keep proving how effective help desk scams, MFA bypass, and session theft are against well-defended organizations. Drawing on breach analyses, annual phishing trend reviews, and in-the-wild campaign tracking, Push documents how attacker TTPs are shifting. This hub is where to follow those changes.",{"sys":646,"faqItemsCollection":648,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45,"intro":652,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":647},"topic-vishing",{"items":649},[],"Vishing","vishing","Vishing — voice phishing — uses phone calls to impersonate IT support, help desks, or employees, talking targets into password resets, MFA approvals, or opening attacker-controlled pages. Threat actors now routinely pair calls with AiTM phishing to hijack SSO accounts, a chain Push has analyzed across campaigns targeting hundreds of organizations.",{},"blogtopics","w0ITersBlkytyrxHNkTEFmGsSW5X9NfdbmeXV1u8bAo",[657,661,665,669,673],{"title":658,"logo":659,"createdDate":660},"SOC2","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fb6727a5e00004d6e9e69fc3068b8b64c",1784291539953,{"title":662,"logo":663,"createdDate":664},"GDPR","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Ffe49f53211674deaa5a6640d929cdf42?format=webp",1784291672535,{"title":666,"logo":667,"createdDate":668},"Cyber essentials","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F53558c1045a342a7a28def960cd54ae7?format=webp",1784291702710,{"title":670,"logo":671,"createdDate":672},"ISO IEC 27001","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F578a404a61cf45db951a41fe3554d12d",1784291766222,{"title":674,"logo":675,"createdDate":676},"ISO IEC 27701","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fbe219844b13242fbba531959579a753c",1784291858848,[678,730,775],{"id":679,"label":680,"text":21,"navIcon":681,"items":682},"stop-browser-based-attacks","Stop browser-based attacks","solid:faShieldHalved",[683,688,693,698,703,708,712,717,721,725],{"title":684,"text":685,"url":686,"navIcon":687},"Adversary-in-the-Middle","Detect and block AiTM proxies stealing session tokens.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/adversary-in-the-middle-attacks","solid:faUserSecret",{"title":689,"text":690,"url":691,"navIcon":692},"ClickFix (+Fix variants)","Block attacks that trick users into running malicious code.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/clickfix-fix-variants","sharp-regular:faLaptopCode",{"title":694,"text":695,"url":696,"navIcon":697},"Malicious OAuth integrations","Detect suspicious OAuth consent flows and stop persistent access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-oauth-integrations","solid:faPlugCircleXmark",{"title":699,"text":700,"url":701,"navIcon":702},"Malicious browser extensions","Shine a light on risky browser extensions.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-browser-extensions","sharp-regular:faPuzzlePiece",{"title":704,"text":705,"url":706,"navIcon":707},"Malicious file downloads","Gain visibility into browser downloads and block malicious files.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-file-downloads","solid:faFileCircleXmark",{"title":395,"text":709,"url":710,"navIcon":711},"Surface hidden login paths that bypass SSO and expose accounts.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/ghost-logins","solid:faGhost",{"title":713,"text":714,"url":715,"navIcon":716},"Mobile phishing (QR & SMS)","Detect phishing links delivered via SMS and QR codes.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/mobile-phishing-qr-code-sms","solid:faQrcode",{"title":333,"text":718,"url":719,"navIcon":720},"Identify reused and compromised credentials across SaaS logins.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/credential-stuffing","custom:credentialStuffing",{"title":571,"text":722,"url":723,"navIcon":724},"Detect and block stolen session tokens before attackers get access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/session-hijacking","solid:faCookieBite",{"title":726,"text":727,"url":728,"navIcon":729},"Zero-day phishing","Detect phishing TTPs directly in the browser and stop credential theft.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/zero-day-phishing","sharp-regular:faFishingRod",{"id":731,"label":732,"text":21,"navIcon":733,"items":734},"achieve-security-outcomes","Achieve security outcomes","solid:faCheckToSlot",[735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770],{"title":736,"text":737,"url":738,"navIcon":739},"Stop account takeover","Stop ATO with stolen credential and compromised token detection.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/stop-account-takeover","sharp-regular:faUserSecret",{"title":741,"text":742,"url":743,"navIcon":744},"Harden unmanaged identities","Harden access paths with visibility, detection, and guardrails.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/harden-unmanaged-identities","sharp-regular:faRadar",{"title":746,"text":747,"url":748,"navIcon":749},"Investigate browser-related incidents","Investigate and respond faster with unique browser telemetry.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-browser-related-incidents","sharp-regular:faSatelliteDish",{"title":751,"text":752,"url":753,"navIcon":754},"Secure shadow SaaS","See and control shadow SaaS in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-shadow-saas","sharp-regular:faShieldCheck",{"title":756,"text":757,"url":758,"navIcon":759},"Secure AI","See and control AI apps in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-ai","sharp-regular:faBrainCircuit",{"title":761,"text":762,"url":763,"navIcon":764},"Secure BYOD","Extend consistent browser-based protection to unmanaged devices.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-bring-your-own-device","solid:faMobileScreenButton",{"title":766,"text":767,"url":768,"navIcon":769},"Secure Chromebooks","Secure browser activity on Chromebooks without endpoint agents.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-chromebooks","brands:faChrome",{"title":771,"text":772,"url":773,"navIcon":774},"Investigate and stop data loss","Detect and prevent data loss across AI tools, apps, and sessions.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-and-stop-data-loss","custom:investigateAndStopDataLoss",{"id":776,"label":777,"text":21,"navIcon":778,"items":779},"tool-replacements","Tool replacements","solid:faScrewdriverWrench",[780,785,790,795],{"title":781,"text":782,"url":783,"navIcon":784},"Remote browser isolation","Detect attacks that look like normal browsing.","/solution/tool-replacements/remote-browser-isolation","solid:faDisplay",{"title":786,"text":787,"url":788,"navIcon":789},"Secure web gateways","Detect attacks inside the browser after SWGs allowed the connection.","/solution/tool-replacements/secure-web-gateways","solid:faFilter",{"title":791,"text":792,"url":793,"navIcon":794},"Cloud access security broker","Catch browser-based identity threats in real time, not after the fact.","/solution/tool-replacements/cloud-access-security-broker","solid:faCloudArrowUp",{"title":796,"text":797,"url":798,"navIcon":799},"Security awareness training","Block real phishing instead of training users on simulations.","/solution/tool-replacements/security-awareness-training","custom:securityAwareness",{"w":801,"h":802,"d":803},448,512,"M171-16c-36.4 0-57.8 58.3-68.3 112L72 96c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24s10.7 24 24 24l24 0 0 32c0 17 3.3 33.2 9.3 48l-9.3 0 0 0-20.5 0c-15.2 0-27.5 12.3-27.5 27.5 0 3 .5 5.9 1.4 8.7l28.9 86.6C40.2 379.6 16 428.1 16 482.3 16 498.7 29.3 512 45.7 512l356.6 0c16.4 0 29.7-13.3 29.7-29.7 0-54.2-24.2-102.7-62.3-135.4l28.9-86.6c.9-2.8 1.4-5.7 1.4-8.7 0-15.2-12.3-27.5-27.5-27.5l-20.5 0 0 0-9.3 0c6-14.8 9.3-31 9.3-48l0-32 24 0c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24l-30.7 0c-10.4-53.7-31.9-112-68.3-112-9.6 0-19 3.9-27.5 8.2-8.2 4.1-18.4 7.8-25.5 7.8s-17.3-3.7-25.5-7.8C190-12.1 180.6-16 171-16zm93.7 484.4l-24.8-70.9 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24 24 24s24-10.7 24-24l0-102.1 31 31c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0s9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-72-72z",[843,4674,8114,11393,15898,18945,24097,27354,30275,33405,39330,42407,45612,48353,50482,54262,57106,59044,61113,63522,65922,68065,70192,73020,75116,77832,80292,83677,86149,88388],{"id":844,"title":845,"authorsCollection":846,"content":854,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":1420,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":1422,"metaTitle":1423,"ogImage":59,"postType":1424,"publishedDate":1425,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":1426,"slug":4619,"stem":4620,"subtitle":59,"summary":4621,"synopsis":4632,"sys":4633,"tagsCollection":4636,"topicsCollection":4643,"__hash__":4673},"blog/blog/why-your-training-budget-belongs-in-real-time-browser-security.json","Why your training budget belongs in real-time browser security",{"items":847},[848],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":852},"Mark Orlando","Mark","Field CTO",{"url":853},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/592PMwIQQFaa24k5SKBEKF/a33090d0ad95d1e3081f5d16a46ba826/image__68_.png",{"json":855,"links":1383},{"data":856,"content":857,"nodeType":1382},{},[858,867,874,904,913,919,928,962,969,973,982,989,1030,1073,1092,1128,1144,1147,1155,1162,1179,1186,1192,1199,1205,1208,1216,1240,1247,1266,1273,1280,1309,1318,1325,1332,1339,1347,1350,1357,1364],{"data":859,"content":860,"nodeType":866},{},[861],{"data":862,"marks":863,"value":864,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The compliance email arrives on schedule: \"All employees must complete annual security awareness training by Friday.\" Across the organization, hundreds of employees skim through presentations about phishing emails, answer predictable quiz questions, and return to work feeling modestly more informed about cybersecurity.","text","paragraph",{"data":868,"content":869,"nodeType":866},{},[870],{"data":871,"marks":872,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Two weeks later, an employee in the marketing department — encouraged by the company's AI adoption initiative — searches Google for \"ChatGPT\" to access the tool they'd been told to start using. They click the top result, a sponsored ad pointing to a chatgpt.com URL. The page displays a professional-looking ChatGPT service disruption notice: \"We're experiencing high traffic right now. Download our desktop app to continue.\" They click the download button, which redirects to a pixel-perfect clone of ChatGPT's official download page. The file they install is an infostealer.",{"data":875,"content":876,"nodeType":866},{},[877,881,890,894,900],{"data":878,"marks":879,"value":880,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This scenario is fictional, but the campaign behind it isn't. Push researchers ",{"data":882,"content":884,"nodeType":889},{"uri":883},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign/",[885],{"data":886,"marks":887,"value":888,"nodeType":865},{},[],"detected and blocked exactly this attack","hyperlink",{"data":891,"marks":892,"value":893,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across multiple customer environments. The attackers had used ChatGPT's own code-rendering feature to build a fully designed fake service page hosted on chatgpt.com itself, then drove traffic to it through search ads targeting queries like \"chatgpt,\" \"chatgpt free,\" and common typos. The destination URL was genuine, and the page looked like a real system notice. Every URL reputation check in the world considers chatgpt.com safe, because it ",{"data":895,"marks":896,"value":899,"nodeType":865},{},[897],{"type":898},"italic","is",{"data":901,"marks":902,"value":903,"nodeType":865},{},[]," safe — except when an attacker builds a weapon inside it.",{"data":905,"content":911,"nodeType":912},{"target":906},{"sys":907},{"id":908,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1GYWOyHpZT1rdTm6IGOKu8","Link","Entry",[],"embedded-entry-block",{"data":914,"content":918,"nodeType":912},{"target":915},{"sys":916},{"id":917,"type":909,"linkType":910},"33VcchmCetvLzSGcbazex3",[],{"data":920,"content":921,"nodeType":866},{},[922],{"data":923,"marks":924,"value":927,"nodeType":865},{},[925],{"type":926},"bold","No amount of training prepares someone to suspect a legitimate-looking page on a legitimate domain for a tool they've been explicitly told to use.",{"data":929,"content":930,"nodeType":866},{},[931,935,945,949,958],{"data":932,"marks":933,"value":934,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These scenarios aren’t unusual. We’ve covered ",{"data":936,"content":938,"nodeType":889},{"uri":937},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-push-stopped-a-high-risk-linkedin-spear-phishing-attack/",[939],{"data":940,"marks":941,"value":944,"nodeType":865},{},[942],{"type":943},"underline","multiple campaigns",{"data":946,"marks":947,"value":948,"nodeType":865},{},[]," involving ",{"data":950,"content":952,"nodeType":889},{"uri":951},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/new-phishing-campaign-identified-targeting-linkedin-users/",[953],{"data":954,"marks":955,"value":957,"nodeType":865},{},[956],{"type":943},"LinkedIn-delivered",{"data":959,"marks":960,"value":961,"nodeType":865},{},[]," phishing attacks, where attackers compromised LinkedIn accounts and sent phishing links via direct message to first-degree connections — routing victims through trusted sites to a session-harvesting AITM page. The targets had every reason to trust the message: it came from someone they knew, on a platform they used daily for work.",{"data":963,"content":964,"nodeType":866},{},[965],{"data":966,"marks":967,"value":968,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are the kinds of attacks that organizations are dealing with every single day. And that recent awareness training checkbox makes absolutely zero difference to the outcome. ",{"data":970,"content":971,"nodeType":972},{},[],"hr",{"data":974,"content":975,"nodeType":981},{},[976],{"data":977,"marks":978,"value":980,"nodeType":865},{},[979],{"type":926},"What the research actually shows","heading-1",{"data":983,"content":984,"nodeType":866},{},[985],{"data":986,"marks":987,"value":988,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The evidence on training effectiveness is more nuanced than either side of the debate usually admits — but the conclusion for security leaders is the same regardless of where you land.",{"data":990,"content":991,"nodeType":866},{},[992,996,1004,1008,1014,1018,1026],{"data":993,"marks":994,"value":995,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A ",{"data":997,"content":999,"nodeType":889},{"uri":998},"https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19899",[1000],{"data":1001,"marks":1002,"value":1003,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2025 study from Purdue University",{"data":1005,"marks":1006,"value":1007,"nodeType":865},{},[]," involving 12,511 employees at a US fintech firm found that anti-phishing training produced no significant effect on click rates (p=0.450) or reporting rates (p=0.417), with effect sizes below 0.01 across every training modality tested. Trained employees actually clicked phishing links at a marginally ",{"data":1009,"marks":1010,"value":1013,"nodeType":865},{},[1011,1012],{"type":898},{"type":926},"higher",{"data":1015,"marks":1016,"value":1017,"nodeType":865},{},[]," rate (10.5%) than the untrained control group (9.8%). A ",{"data":1019,"content":1021,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1020},"https://www.cybersecuritydive.com/news/cybersecurity-awareness-training-research-flaws/803201/",[1022],{"data":1023,"marks":1024,"value":1025,"nodeType":865},{},[],"separate study of 19,789 personnel at UCSD Health",{"data":1027,"marks":1028,"value":1029,"nodeType":865},{},[],", published at IEEE S&P 2025, found that annual training combined with post-click exercises reduced click likelihood by just 2% — and that employees who completed static training actually had worse phishing failure rates. ",{"data":1031,"content":1032,"nodeType":866},{},[1033,1037,1045,1049,1057,1061,1069],{"data":1034,"marks":1035,"value":1036,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Training vendors ",{"data":1038,"content":1040,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1039},"https://hoxhunt.com/blog/the-wall-street-journal-got-it-wrong-phishing-simulations-work-when-done-right",[1041],{"data":1042,"marks":1043,"value":1044,"nodeType":865},{},[],"have argued",{"data":1046,"marks":1047,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that continuous, adaptive, gamified programs produce materially better results, and  a ",{"data":1050,"content":1052,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1051},"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167404823002742",[1053],{"data":1054,"marks":1055,"value":1056,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2024 meta-analysis",{"data":1058,"marks":1059,"value":1060,"nodeType":865},{},[]," supports the claim that active engagement and repeated practice improve outcomes where annual programs don't. The ",{"data":1062,"content":1064,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1063},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/",[1065],{"data":1066,"marks":1067,"value":1068,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Verizon DBIR 2025",{"data":1070,"marks":1071,"value":1072,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found that employees trained within the last 30 days were 4x more likely to report phishing than those trained earlier.",{"data":1074,"content":1075,"nodeType":866},{},[1076,1080,1088],{"data":1077,"marks":1078,"value":1079,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But here's the problem that even the best training program can't solve: Every one of these studies — and virtually every phishing simulation platform on the market — tests email-based phishing. The attacks driving the biggest breaches in 2026 don't arrive by email. They arrive through ",{"data":1081,"content":1083,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1082},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack/",[1084],{"data":1085,"marks":1086,"value":1087,"nodeType":865},{},[],"search engine ads",{"data":1089,"marks":1090,"value":1091,"nodeType":865},{},[],", social media DMs, shared AI chatbot pages on trusted domains, and legitimate OAuth consent flows. Continuous adaptive training may reduce email phishing click rates from 7% to 1.5%, but it has nothing to say about an employee who googles \"ChatGPT\" and lands on a malware delivery page hosted on chatgpt.com.",{"data":1093,"content":1094,"nodeType":866},{},[1095,1099,1107,1111,1119,1123],{"data":1096,"marks":1097,"value":1098,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The deeper issue is structural. Behavioral science calls it the ",{"data":1100,"content":1102,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1101},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_deficit_model",[1103],{"data":1104,"marks":1105,"value":1106,"nodeType":865},{},[],"information deficit model",{"data":1108,"marks":1109,"value":1110,"nodeType":865},{},[],": the assumption that people make risky decisions because they lack information, and that providing more information will fix the problem. This model has been ",{"data":1112,"content":1114,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1113},"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8201414/",[1115],{"data":1116,"marks":1117,"value":1118,"nodeType":865},{},[],"debunked across multiple domains",{"data":1120,"marks":1121,"value":1122,"nodeType":865},{},[],", from public health to environmental protection. ",{"data":1124,"marks":1125,"value":1127,"nodeType":865},{},[1126],{"type":926},"People routinely engage in behaviors they know are risky — not because they lack knowledge, but because immediate pressures outweigh abstract training from months ago.",{"data":1129,"content":1130,"nodeType":866},{},[1131,1135,1140],{"data":1132,"marks":1133,"value":1134,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Training can build security culture, help employees understand why controls exist, and create champions who influence peers - and these are important outcomes. What training ",{"data":1136,"marks":1137,"value":1139,"nodeType":865},{},[1138],{"type":898},"cannot",{"data":1141,"marks":1142,"value":1143,"nodeType":865},{},[]," reliably do is serve as a preventive control for split-second decisions made under cognitive load, time pressure, and competing priorities. To make matters worse, most organizations don't even attempt to measure whether it does. ",{"data":1145,"content":1146,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":1148,"content":1149,"nodeType":981},{},[1150],{"data":1151,"marks":1152,"value":1154,"nodeType":865},{},[1153],{"type":926},"The attacks training can't address",{"data":1156,"content":1157,"nodeType":866},{},[1158],{"data":1159,"marks":1160,"value":1161,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even if the training debate were settled — even if continuous adaptive programs reliably reduced email phishing click rates to near zero — the attacks driving the biggest breaches in 2026 don't look like anything a simulation platform tests for.",{"data":1163,"content":1164,"nodeType":866},{},[1165,1169,1175],{"data":1166,"marks":1167,"value":1168,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The LLMShare campaign described above used a genuine chatgpt.com domain to serve a fake page that looked like a routine system notice — no suspicious URL, no grammatical errors, and no visual tells. ClickFix attacks present as routine CAPTCHAs. ConsentFix operates entirely on legitimate Microsoft infrastructure. Device code phishing asks users to enter a code on a real app page. None of these attacks trigger the signals users were trained to look for, and ",{"data":1170,"marks":1171,"value":1174,"nodeType":865},{},[1172,1173],{"type":943},{"type":926},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads arrive via search engines",{"data":1176,"marks":1177,"value":1178,"nodeType":865},{},[],", not email.",{"data":1180,"content":1181,"nodeType":866},{},[1182],{"data":1183,"marks":1184,"value":1185,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are countless scenarios where users performing seemingly benign actions on plausible (or even legitimate) sites can result in a compromise. ",{"data":1187,"content":1191,"nodeType":912},{"target":1188},{"sys":1189},{"id":1190,"type":909,"linkType":910},"29vUtbEUam8fhbwnQdINRJ",[],{"data":1193,"content":1194,"nodeType":866},{},[1195],{"data":1196,"marks":1197,"value":1198,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The lesson isn't that employees are incompetent. It's that the attack surface is too broad, the delivery channels are too varied, and the social engineering too convincing for training to function as a primary control — regardless of how it's designed. ",{"data":1200,"content":1204,"nodeType":912},{"target":1201},{"sys":1202},{"id":1203,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7zH48txL9ToiUlgLBHrkng",[],{"data":1206,"content":1207,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":1209,"content":1210,"nodeType":981},{},[1211],{"data":1212,"marks":1213,"value":1215,"nodeType":865},{},[1214],{"type":926},"Real-time intervention where attacks execute",{"data":1217,"content":1218,"nodeType":866},{},[1219,1223,1228,1236],{"data":1220,"marks":1221,"value":1222,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is where every phishing attack, credential-harvesting attempt, and social engineering campaign ultimately executes — and where ",{"data":1224,"marks":1225,"value":1227,"nodeType":865},{},[1226],{"type":926},"89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days, ",{"data":1229,"content":1231,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1230},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-case-for-best-of-breed-browser-security/",[1232],{"data":1233,"marks":1234,"value":1235,"nodeType":865},{},[],"95% of attacks use bot protection to defeat automated scanners",{"data":1237,"marks":1238,"value":1239,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and traditional security architectures have a structural blind spot. ",{"data":1241,"content":1242,"nodeType":866},{},[1243],{"data":1244,"marks":1245,"value":1246,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Network tools see encrypted traffic. Endpoint agents see processes and files. Email security sees messages in transit. None of them can intervene when a user is about to enter credentials into a fake login page.",{"data":1248,"content":1249,"nodeType":866},{},[1250,1254,1262],{"data":1251,"marks":1252,"value":1253,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser-based detection and response addresses both the prevention gap and the training gap simultaneously. As a technical control, Push ",{"data":1255,"content":1257,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1256},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/guide-how-to-use-push-controls-to-protect-your-users-from-modern-attacks/",[1258],{"data":1259,"marks":1260,"value":1261,"nodeType":865},{},[],"detects and blocks phishing pages behaviorally",{"data":1263,"marks":1264,"value":1265,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — including AiTM kits, cloned login forms, device code phishing pages, and ClickFix malicious-copy-and-paste events — in real time, regardless of whether the domain is brand-new or the phishing page was delivered via email, social media, or a search ad. ",{"data":1267,"content":1268,"nodeType":866},{},[1269],{"data":1270,"marks":1271,"value":1272,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push stops the attack as it happens, in real time, before a compromise occurs.",{"data":1274,"content":1275,"nodeType":866},{},[1276],{"data":1277,"marks":1278,"value":1279,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a contextual education mechanism, Push provides immediate, in-browser feedback when a user encounters a threat — explaining why access was blocked and creating teachable moments at the point of need rather than months before. Every blocked threat becomes a micro-learning opportunity, reinforcing pattern recognition through repetition in the context of the user's actual work. ",{"data":1281,"content":1282,"nodeType":866},{},[1283,1287,1294,1298,1305],{"data":1284,"marks":1285,"value":1286,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's ",{"data":1288,"content":1289,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1256},[1290],{"data":1291,"marks":1292,"value":1293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"in-browser controls",{"data":1295,"marks":1296,"value":1297,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are designed to work this way — not by removing users from the security equation, but by making them informed participants. Warn screens with \"proceed anyway\" options, SSO login guidance, and MFA enforcement prompts respect user agency while providing real-time risk context. Our ",{"data":1299,"content":1300,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1256},[1301],{"data":1302,"marks":1303,"value":1304,"nodeType":865},{},[],"controls guide",{"data":1306,"marks":1307,"value":1308,"nodeType":865},{},[]," covers how security teams can configure these guardrails to match their organizational culture and risk tolerance.",{"data":1310,"content":1311,"nodeType":1317},{},[1312],{"data":1313,"marks":1314,"value":1316,"nodeType":865},{},[1315],{"type":926},"Right-sizing security training","heading-2",{"data":1319,"content":1320,"nodeType":866},{},[1321],{"data":1322,"marks":1323,"value":1324,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Training's role must be right-sized. It builds culture, shared vocabulary, and explains why controls exist — but it cannot reliably serve as the primary preventive control against sophisticated attacks encountered months later under pressure. ",{"data":1326,"content":1327,"nodeType":866},{},[1328],{"data":1329,"marks":1330,"value":1331,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Purdue study's authors recommend that \"organizations should set realistic expectations about training outcomes and highlight the importance of technical controls rather than human-centered defenses.\" We agree.",{"data":1333,"content":1334,"nodeType":866},{},[1335],{"data":1336,"marks":1337,"value":1338,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Invest in technical controls where attacks execute — in the browser — to provide real-time prevention, detection, and education. Measure what matters: reduction in successful compromise, detection and response time, and employee reporting rates — not training completion. And stop expecting employees to reliably detect pixel-perfect attacks across every channel and workflow. ",{"data":1340,"content":1341,"nodeType":866},{},[1342],{"data":1343,"marks":1344,"value":1346,"nodeType":865},{},[1345],{"type":926},"Overrelying on user vigilance isn't a legitimate security strategy: it's blame allocation.",{"data":1348,"content":1349,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":1351,"content":1352,"nodeType":866},{},[1353],{"data":1354,"marks":1355,"value":1356,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.",{"data":1358,"content":1359,"nodeType":866},{},[1360],{"data":1361,"marks":1362,"value":1363,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",{"data":1365,"content":1366,"nodeType":866},{},[1367,1370,1379],{"data":1368,"marks":1369,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":1371,"content":1373,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo",[1374],{"data":1375,"marks":1376,"value":1378,"nodeType":865},{},[1377],{"type":943},"Book a live demo to learn more.",{"data":1380,"marks":1381,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"document",{"entries":1384},{"hyperlink":1385,"inline":1386,"block":1387},[],[],[1388,1397,1404,1412],{"sys":1389,"__typename":1390,"title":1391,"caption":1392,"layoutMode":59,"file":1393},{"id":908},"Image","LLMShare malvertising","The LLMShare ad uses the legitimate ChatGPT domain and is the top result.",{"url":1394,"width":1395,"height":1396},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1aLEhiVJcLPIR4rXdzoCTv/d87eb30284e61ab813ccf9e662a1fbae/image.png",1910,1005,{"sys":1398,"__typename":1390,"title":1399,"caption":1399,"layoutMode":59,"file":1400},{"id":917},"The clever use of sharing functionality and pixel-perfect download page clone would fool most users (and most technical controls too) — but not Push. ",{"url":1401,"width":1402,"height":1403},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7u7yyvyg3P9jepZi7iIwxf/d2c42d257d2e7ac4dfe28c37aa69a4b3/image4.png",1999,875,{"sys":1405,"__typename":1390,"title":1406,"caption":1407,"layoutMode":59,"file":1408},{"id":1190},"Don't make employees the weak link image - blog - custom branding","It's harder than ever for users to identify malicious content on the web, with attackers abusing an ever-increasing list of actions that feel pretty normal to users, with a wide range of malicious payloads.",{"url":1409,"width":1410,"height":1411},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2aSm6QBWDOU6JBtOLfyp6R/d63cacab198ef9b325cbcfdbe0373b5a/Browser_Attacks_Targeting_Users__1_.png",4046,2160,{"sys":1413,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":1416,"buttonLabel":1417,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":1419},{"id":1203},"CtaWidget","Custom","For a detailed breakdown of the techniques driving the biggest breaches of the past year, see our 2026 Browser Attack Techniques report.","Download now (no gates!)","sunny orange","https://pushsecurity.com/thank-you/browser-attacks-report",{"items":1421},[],{},"Why your training budget belongs in browser security","thought-leadership","2026-06-24T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":1427},[1428,2319,3363],{"__typename":1429,"sys":1430,"content":1432,"title":2303,"synopsis":2304,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":1425,"slug":2305,"tagsCollection":2306,"authorsCollection":2315},"BlogPosts",{"id":1431},"6Xn377JQfbDz49Np74cbGl",{"json":1433},{"data":1434,"content":1435,"nodeType":1382},{},[1436,1443,1474,1492,1498,1505,1521,1524,1532,1551,1617,1624,1630,1637,1720,1727,1734,1750,1753,1761,1768,1775,1783,1790,1802,1808,1815,1822,1829,1832,1840,1856,1872,1879,1886,1893,1914,2000,2007,2014,2017,2025,2041,2048,2055,2063,2066,2074,2092,2099,2106,2139,2146,2153,2156,2164,2171,2183,2189,2201,2213,2219,2231,2253,2260,2263,2271,2278,2284],{"data":1437,"content":1438,"nodeType":866},{},[1439],{"data":1440,"marks":1441,"value":1442,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most security leaders I talk to know they have an AI problem. They've seen the board questions, read the reports, maybe even drafted a policy. But when they start measuring where they stand — not plans or roadmaps, but actual current state — the gap between awareness and operational capability comes into focus.",{"data":1444,"content":1445,"nodeType":866},{},[1446,1450,1458,1462,1470],{"data":1447,"marks":1448,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The ",{"data":1451,"content":1453,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1452},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review",[1454],{"data":1455,"marks":1456,"value":1457,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2026 Verizon DBIR",{"data":1459,"marks":1460,"value":1461,"nodeType":865},{},[]," quantifies the scale: 45% of employees are now regular AI users on corporate devices (up from 15% the prior year), with 67% using personal accounts. ",{"data":1463,"content":1465,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1464},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai",[1466],{"data":1467,"marks":1468,"value":1469,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push data",{"data":1471,"marks":1472,"value":1473,"nodeType":865},{},[]," further shows that 38% of file uploads to AI tools come from those shadow accounts rather than approved organizational ones — and the DBIR shows what's going into them: of 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI applications, the most common data types were source code (28%), structured data (14%), and documents and PDFs (23% combined).",{"data":1475,"content":1476,"nodeType":866},{},[1477,1481,1488],{"data":1478,"marks":1479,"value":1480,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The average organization now has ",{"data":1482,"content":1483,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1464},[1484],{"data":1485,"marks":1486,"value":1487,"nodeType":865},{},[],"16 unique AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions, and 17 AI OAuth integrations",{"data":1489,"marks":1490,"value":1491,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in active use, most unapproved. Shadow AI was the third most common non-malicious insider action in the DBIR, up 4x year over year.",{"data":1493,"content":1497,"nodeType":912},{"target":1494},{"sys":1495},{"id":1496,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2hsKQ9DEspflhmtR0bE7QY",[],{"data":1499,"content":1500,"nodeType":866},{},[1501],{"data":1502,"marks":1503,"value":1504,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These statistics expose an attack surface and unmanaged risks at a high level. But the real problem is that most organizations can't produce a basic inventory of which AI tools are in use, let alone demonstrate controls around any of them. ",{"data":1506,"content":1507,"nodeType":866},{},[1508,1512,1517],{"data":1509,"marks":1510,"value":1511,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That gap between awareness and capability is where most organizations are stuck. And understanding ",{"data":1513,"marks":1514,"value":1516,"nodeType":865},{},[1515],{"type":898},"why",{"data":1518,"marks":1519,"value":1520,"nodeType":865},{},[]," they're stuck requires a framework for what progress actually looks like.",{"data":1522,"content":1523,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":1525,"content":1526,"nodeType":981},{},[1527],{"data":1528,"marks":1529,"value":1531,"nodeType":865},{},[1530],{"type":926},"A model for measuring what most organizations already feel",{"data":1533,"content":1534,"nodeType":866},{},[1535,1539,1547],{"data":1536,"marks":1537,"value":1538,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Chris Cochran's ",{"data":1540,"content":1542,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1541},"https://sansorg.egnyte.com/dl/XtgqfjkjBjp8",[1543],{"data":1544,"marks":1545,"value":1546,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SANS AI Security Maturity Model",{"data":1548,"marks":1549,"value":1550,"nodeType":865},{},[],", published earlier this year, provides a framework for addressing this gap. It defines five stages of AI security maturity across three pillars:",{"data":1552,"content":1553,"nodeType":1616},{},[1554,1571,1587],{"data":1555,"content":1556,"nodeType":1570},{},[1557],{"data":1558,"content":1559,"nodeType":866},{},[1560,1566],{"data":1561,"marks":1562,"value":1565,"nodeType":865},{},[1563,1564],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Protect AI:",{"data":1567,"marks":1568,"value":1569,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Defending against AI-enabled threats like adversarial attacks, prompt injection, compromised browser extensions, and AI agents operating with unchecked permissions.","list-item",{"data":1572,"content":1573,"nodeType":1570},{},[1574],{"data":1575,"content":1576,"nodeType":866},{},[1577,1583],{"data":1578,"marks":1579,"value":1582,"nodeType":865},{},[1580,1581],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Utilize AI:",{"data":1584,"marks":1585,"value":1586,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Using AI to strengthen security operations by using AI-powered detection and triage, behavioral analytics, and automated response playbooks.",{"data":1588,"content":1589,"nodeType":1570},{},[1590],{"data":1591,"content":1592,"nodeType":866},{},[1593,1599,1603,1612],{"data":1594,"marks":1595,"value":1598,"nodeType":865},{},[1596,1597],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Govern AI:",{"data":1600,"marks":1601,"value":1602,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Managing how the organization adopts and uses AI tools. Things like acceptable use policies, shadow AI discovery, data classification, access controls, and risk assessment. This is the pillar that gets the most attention in boardroom conversations today, driven in part by ",{"data":1604,"content":1606,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1605},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-visibility-and-control-can-achieve-ai-compliance",[1607],{"data":1608,"marks":1609,"value":1611,"nodeType":865},{},[1610],{"type":943},"regulatory pressure",{"data":1613,"marks":1614,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],".","unordered-list",{"data":1618,"content":1619,"nodeType":866},{},[1620],{"data":1621,"marks":1622,"value":1623,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How an organization invests across these three pillars, and whether it invests across all of them, determines whether it advances toward maturity in this area or stalls out at the early steps.",{"data":1625,"content":1629,"nodeType":912},{"target":1626},{"sys":1627},{"id":1628,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1JV3KG97JQNFKwODnMCMq2",[],{"data":1631,"content":1632,"nodeType":866},{},[1633],{"data":1634,"marks":1635,"value":1636,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The SANS AI maturity model outlines 5 stages that organizations must progress through in order to reach an optimal security posture:",{"data":1638,"content":1639,"nodeType":1616},{},[1640,1656,1672,1688,1704],{"data":1641,"content":1642,"nodeType":1570},{},[1643],{"data":1644,"content":1645,"nodeType":866},{},[1646,1652],{"data":1647,"marks":1648,"value":1651,"nodeType":865},{},[1649,1650],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Stage 1 (Unaware / Ad Hoc)",{"data":1653,"marks":1654,"value":1655,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is where employees are freely using AI tools with no oversight, no inventory exists, and leadership may not even know how much AI is in use. There's no policy to violate, so technically it's not even shadow AI yet; it's just unmanaged adoption.",{"data":1657,"content":1658,"nodeType":1570},{},[1659],{"data":1660,"content":1661,"nodeType":866},{},[1662,1668],{"data":1663,"marks":1664,"value":1667,"nodeType":865},{},[1665,1666],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Stage 2 (Reactive / Policy-Emerging)",{"data":1669,"marks":1670,"value":1671,"nodeType":865},{},[]," means a policy exists, but it's course-grained: \"Don't use AI\" or \"use with caution.\" Known AI tools may be blocked at the network level. Security teams are learning about AI-specific threats but don't have dedicated expertise or tooling.",{"data":1673,"content":1674,"nodeType":1570},{},[1675],{"data":1676,"content":1677,"nodeType":866},{},[1678,1684],{"data":1679,"marks":1680,"value":1683,"nodeType":865},{},[1681,1682],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Stage 3 (Defined / Risk-Informed)",{"data":1685,"marks":1686,"value":1687,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is where things get intentional. AI usage is governed through enterprise tools rather than outright bans. AI systems are included in security assessments. The organization can demonstrate mature governance to regulators and partners. For many organizations, this is a strong and defensible operating position.",{"data":1689,"content":1690,"nodeType":1570},{},[1691],{"data":1692,"content":1693,"nodeType":866},{},[1694,1700],{"data":1695,"marks":1696,"value":1699,"nodeType":865},{},[1697,1698],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Stage 4 (Managed / Integrated)",{"data":1701,"marks":1702,"value":1703,"nodeType":865},{},[]," means AI is deeply embedded in security operations with measurable outcomes. AI systems are secured by design. Risk is quantified, not estimated. Decisions are data-driven. This is where organizations can handle AI-specific threats and operate at the tempo that AI-augmented adversaries demand.",{"data":1705,"content":1706,"nodeType":1570},{},[1707],{"data":1708,"content":1709,"nodeType":866},{},[1710,1716],{"data":1711,"marks":1712,"value":1715,"nodeType":865},{},[1713,1714],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Stage 5 (Optimizing / Adaptive)",{"data":1717,"marks":1718,"value":1719,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is the frontier of AI-native security with self-improving defenses. Elements of this stage exist primarily in large technology companies, defense contractors, and AI-native firms. For most organizations, this is a multi-year journey.",{"data":1721,"content":1722,"nodeType":866},{},[1723],{"data":1724,"marks":1725,"value":1726,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most of the security leaders I talk to land between Stage 1 and Stage 2. They have awareness, maybe a policy, but not the tooling or telemetry to demonstrate much beyond that. ",{"data":1728,"content":1729,"nodeType":866},{},[1730],{"data":1731,"marks":1732,"value":1733,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The model is pragmatic about these challenges. It doesn't expect every organization to reach Stage 5, and it adjusts maturity targets by sector. ",{"data":1735,"content":1736,"nodeType":866},{},[1737,1741,1746],{"data":1738,"marks":1739,"value":1740,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But it ",{"data":1742,"marks":1743,"value":1745,"nodeType":865},{},[1744],{"type":898},"does",{"data":1747,"marks":1748,"value":1749,"nodeType":865},{},[]," require evidence of progress, not just intent. And for the majority sitting at Stage 2, the hard part is identifying the right steps to move from being merely reactive to a posture of operational readiness. That’s the chasm to cross.",{"data":1751,"content":1752,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":1754,"content":1755,"nodeType":981},{},[1756],{"data":1757,"marks":1758,"value":1760,"nodeType":865},{},[1759],{"type":926},"The chasm",{"data":1762,"content":1763,"nodeType":866},{},[1764],{"data":1765,"marks":1766,"value":1767,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For the organizations sitting at Stage 2, current state often looks like this: They've written an AI acceptable use policy, and maybe they've blocked known AI apps at the network level. They've trained employees on what's allowed and what isn't. ",{"data":1769,"content":1770,"nodeType":866},{},[1771],{"data":1772,"marks":1773,"value":1774,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To be sure, blocking is the fastest lever a security team can pull, and it represents visible progress to the business. The problem is that it rarely stays effective. ",{"data":1776,"content":1777,"nodeType":866},{},[1778],{"data":1779,"marks":1780,"value":1782,"nodeType":865},{},[1781],{"type":926},"SANS calls the pattern that traps most organizations at Stage 2 the \"Framework of No.\" ",{"data":1784,"content":1785,"nodeType":866},{},[1786],{"data":1787,"marks":1788,"value":1789,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\"A block-based AI policy may feel like risk management, but practitioner experience shows it typically drives AI usage underground rather than preventing it,” the report notes. “This is the pattern SANS has documented as the 'Framework of No,' and it is why the Stage 2 to Stage 3 transition is so critical.\"",{"data":1791,"content":1792,"nodeType":866},{},[1793,1798],{"data":1794,"marks":1795,"value":1797,"nodeType":865},{},[1796],{"type":898},"This",{"data":1799,"marks":1800,"value":1801,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is the chasm. On one side: awareness and policy. On the other: operational capability - the tooling, telemetry, and controls that let a security team see what's happening and respond to it. Most organizations are standing on the awareness side, looking across, not sure how to get over.",{"data":1803,"content":1807,"nodeType":912},{"target":1804},{"sys":1805},{"id":1806,"type":909,"linkType":910},"187mKPZV8tVbsw17L2cWIU",[],{"data":1809,"content":1810,"nodeType":866},{},[1811],{"data":1812,"marks":1813,"value":1814,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The model is specific about what crossing requires. The steps from Stage 2 to Stage 3 include technical BYOAI discovery (not a survey, but automated discovery), AI-specific data classification, AI-aware controls, and a cross-functional governance body. Data classification is a critical prerequisite: \"You cannot write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives,\" the report emphasizes.",{"data":1816,"content":1817,"nodeType":866},{},[1818],{"data":1819,"marks":1820,"value":1821,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are visibility and measurement problems before they're policy problems. You can't govern what you can't see. You can't classify risk you can't measure. And a blocklist that pushes usage underground doesn't give you either: it just makes the gap between your policy and your reality harder to detect.",{"data":1823,"content":1824,"nodeType":866},{},[1825],{"data":1826,"marks":1827,"value":1828,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Getting this visibility right is necessary for crossing the chasm. But it’s not the only step organizations must undertake if they want to address their AI risk.",{"data":1830,"content":1831,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":1833,"content":1834,"nodeType":981},{},[1835],{"data":1836,"marks":1837,"value":1839,"nodeType":865},{},[1838],{"type":926},"Governance is key, but don't forget about protection",{"data":1841,"content":1842,"nodeType":866},{},[1843,1847,1852],{"data":1844,"marks":1845,"value":1846,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most AI security conversations today - the vendor pitches, board decks, and compliance checklists - are about the ",{"data":1848,"marks":1849,"value":1851,"nodeType":865},{},[1850],{"type":926},"Govern",{"data":1853,"marks":1854,"value":1855,"nodeType":865},{},[]," pillar. Shadow AI discovery. Usage policies. Data classification. Controls around what employees paste into AI prompts or upload to AI tools. It's important work.",{"data":1857,"content":1858,"nodeType":866},{},[1859,1863,1868],{"data":1860,"marks":1861,"value":1862,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the SANS model gives roughly equal weight to a second pillar that gets almost no attention: ",{"data":1864,"marks":1865,"value":1867,"nodeType":865},{},[1866],{"type":926},"Protect",{"data":1869,"marks":1870,"value":1871,"nodeType":865},{},[]," - defending against AI-enabled attacks.",{"data":1873,"content":1874,"nodeType":866},{},[1875],{"data":1876,"marks":1877,"value":1878,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Protect pillar starts from a stark baseline. At Stage 1, most organizations have no visibility into which AI agents or browser extensions have access to their corporate environment, let alone a framework for understanding how those could be attacked. ",{"data":1880,"content":1881,"nodeType":866},{},[1882],{"data":1883,"marks":1884,"value":1885,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By Stage 3, the model expects runtime validation of AI tools and plugins, detection capabilities mapped to AI-specific attack frameworks, and controls that cover the growing surface area of agentic AI. ",{"data":1887,"content":1888,"nodeType":866},{},[1889],{"data":1890,"marks":1891,"value":1892,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By Stage 4, organizations need real-time monitoring of AI agent behavior and defenses against attacks that exploit trust relationships between AI systems — capabilities most security teams haven't started scoping, much less building or procuring.",{"data":1894,"content":1895,"nodeType":866},{},[1896,1900,1910],{"data":1897,"marks":1898,"value":1899,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are detection and response capabilities, not governance exercises — and the attacks they address are already well underway. ",{"data":1901,"content":1903,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1902},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help/",[1904],{"data":1905,"marks":1906,"value":1909,"nodeType":865},{},[1907,1908],{"type":943},{"type":926},"One in three phishing payloads",{"data":1911,"marks":1912,"value":1913,"nodeType":865},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive outside of email, through channels where most security controls don't exist. Evidence of the growth of browser-based attack methods enabled by AI tooling abounds:",{"data":1915,"content":1916,"nodeType":1616},{},[1917,1939,1961],{"data":1918,"content":1919,"nodeType":1570},{},[1920],{"data":1921,"content":1922,"nodeType":866},{},[1923,1927,1935],{"data":1924,"marks":1925,"value":1926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"CrowdStrike's 2026 Global Threat Report documented a ",{"data":1928,"content":1930,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1929},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report",[1931],{"data":1932,"marks":1933,"value":1934,"nodeType":865},{},[],"563% increase in ClickFix lures",{"data":1936,"marks":1937,"value":1938,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — fake CAPTCHA pages that trick users into executing malicious commands on their own machines.",{"data":1940,"content":1941,"nodeType":1570},{},[1942],{"data":1943,"content":1944,"nodeType":866},{},[1945,1949,1957],{"data":1946,"marks":1947,"value":1948,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push has tracked a ",{"data":1950,"content":1952,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/device-code-phishing/",[1953],{"data":1954,"marks":1955,"value":1956,"nodeType":865},{},[],"37x increase in device code phishing",{"data":1958,"marks":1959,"value":1960,"nodeType":865},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with 18+ distinct kits now offering the technique.",{"data":1962,"content":1963,"nodeType":1570},{},[1964],{"data":1965,"content":1966,"nodeType":866},{},[1967,1970,1979,1983,1988,1992,1997],{"data":1968,"marks":1969,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":1971,"content":1973,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1972},"https://www.anthropic.com/news/AI-enabled-cyber-threats-mitre-attack",[1974],{"data":1975,"marks":1976,"value":1978,"nodeType":865},{},[1977],{"type":943},"Anthropic",{"data":1980,"marks":1981,"value":1982,"nodeType":865},{},[]," identified ",{"data":1984,"marks":1985,"value":1987,"nodeType":865},{},[1986],{"type":926},"793 threat actors using AI",{"data":1989,"marks":1990,"value":1991,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for malicious cybersecurity purposes between March 2025 and February 2026, with the 2026 Verizon DBIR finding that ",{"data":1993,"marks":1994,"value":1996,"nodeType":865},{},[1995],{"type":926},"44% of AI-assisted initial access was phishing-related",{"data":1998,"marks":1999,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":2001,"content":2002,"nodeType":866},{},[2003],{"data":2004,"marks":2005,"value":2006,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are already vibecoding phishing kits, rotating infrastructure daily, and exploiting identity flows that traditional endpoint and network tools can't see.",{"data":2008,"content":2009,"nodeType":866},{},[2010],{"data":2011,"marks":2012,"value":2013,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The SANS model makes the speed argument a central focus at Stage 4: Detection built for human-pace adversaries is increasingly insufficient when threats operate at machine speed. For organizations investing exclusively in AI governance, AI-enabled threats represent an entire category of risk that is not being addressed.",{"data":2015,"content":2016,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":2018,"content":2019,"nodeType":1317},{},[2020],{"data":2021,"marks":2022,"value":2024,"nodeType":865},{},[2023],{"type":926},"Why governance alone can't close the gap",{"data":2026,"content":2027,"nodeType":866},{},[2028,2032,2037],{"data":2029,"marks":2030,"value":2031,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An organization can have an AI policy, shadow AI discovery, data classification, and usage controls, and ",{"data":2033,"marks":2034,"value":2036,"nodeType":865},{},[2035],{"type":898},"still",{"data":2038,"marks":2039,"value":2040,"nodeType":865},{},[]," be exposed. When an employee hits a device code phishing page or a ClickFix lure, the governance program documented the risk perfectly. It just couldn't stop the attack. The policy existed but the detection (and ideally, mitigation) didn't.",{"data":2042,"content":2043,"nodeType":866},{},[2044],{"data":2045,"marks":2046,"value":2047,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The reverse is equally true, and it's why the SANS model treats the pillars as interdependent rather than sequential. Detection capabilities that fire into a void with no policy to act on findings, no classification to assess exposure, and no governance body to shape proactive policy just create alerts, not security. ",{"data":2049,"content":2050,"nodeType":866},{},[2051],{"data":2052,"marks":2053,"value":2054,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Yet most organizations are only investing heavily in one side of the solution, which is almost always Govern. The maturity model is explicit about the risks of this approach: Governance with no attack detection leaves a critical gap. ",{"data":2056,"content":2057,"nodeType":866},{},[2058],{"data":2059,"marks":2060,"value":2062,"nodeType":865},{},[2061],{"type":926},"Closing the gap requires a control point where both problems are visible and addressable.",{"data":2064,"content":2065,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":2067,"content":2068,"nodeType":981},{},[2069],{"data":2070,"marks":2071,"value":2073,"nodeType":865},{},[2072],{"type":926},"Crossing the chasm requires addressing both pillars at once",{"data":2075,"content":2076,"nodeType":866},{},[2077,2081,2088],{"data":2078,"marks":2079,"value":2080,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The bottleneck for most security programs ",{"data":2082,"content":2083,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1902},[2084],{"data":2085,"marks":2086,"value":2087,"nodeType":865},{},[],"isn't frameworks or strategy — it's data quality",{"data":2089,"marks":2090,"value":2091,"nodeType":865},{},[],". For teams taking on the dual problems of shadow AI and AI-enabled attacks, browser telemetry is the foundation to any meaningful solution. That’s because both problems converge in the same place.",{"data":2093,"content":2094,"nodeType":866},{},[2095],{"data":2096,"marks":2097,"value":2098,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI-enabled phishing attacks, credential theft, malicious browser extensions, and OAuth exploitation happen in the browser. So do shadow AI adoption, sensitive data pasted into AI prompts, file uploads to unapproved tools, and unauthorized integrations. The browser is where external attacks and internal misuse are both visible and stoppable.",{"data":2100,"content":2101,"nodeType":866},{},[2102],{"data":2103,"marks":2104,"value":2105,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For the security team trying to advance past the Framework of No, browser telemetry replaces the blunt instrument of network-level blocking with actual visibility:",{"data":2107,"content":2108,"nodeType":1616},{},[2109,2119,2129],{"data":2110,"content":2111,"nodeType":1570},{},[2112],{"data":2113,"content":2114,"nodeType":866},{},[2115],{"data":2116,"marks":2117,"value":2118,"nodeType":865},{},[],"which AI apps are in use (including personal account usage)",{"data":2120,"content":2121,"nodeType":1570},{},[2122],{"data":2123,"content":2124,"nodeType":866},{},[2125],{"data":2126,"marks":2127,"value":2128,"nodeType":865},{},[],"what data is moving into them (file uploads, clipboard activity)",{"data":2130,"content":2131,"nodeType":1570},{},[2132],{"data":2133,"content":2134,"nodeType":866},{},[2135],{"data":2136,"marks":2137,"value":2138,"nodeType":865},{},[],"graduated controls - per-app, per-user group, per-content pattern - that can monitor, warn, or block based on context rather than allow/deny",{"data":2140,"content":2141,"nodeType":866},{},[2142],{"data":2143,"marks":2144,"value":2145,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The same browser-layer instrumentation can also provide real-time detection of credential phishing, ClickFix, adversary-in-the-middle attacks, and device code phishing. And it can detect and disable malicious browser extensions based on confirmed threat intelligence, monitor OAuth integrations, and generate the identity attack surface data (login behaviors, MFA gaps, SSO coverage) that the Protect pillar requires at Stage 3 maturity and beyond.",{"data":2147,"content":2148,"nodeType":866},{},[2149],{"data":2150,"marks":2151,"value":2152,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We built Push around this insight: that the browser is where both problems converge, and a single deployment can advance AI security maturity in both areas simultaneously. The SANS model makes the same argument.",{"data":2154,"content":2155,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":2157,"content":2158,"nodeType":981},{},[2159],{"data":2160,"marks":2161,"value":2163,"nodeType":865},{},[2162],{"type":926},"Where to start: 5 steps to maturity with Push",{"data":2165,"content":2166,"nodeType":866},{},[2167],{"data":2168,"marks":2169,"value":2170,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The chasm closes when organizations make meaningful strides forward in both AI governance and proactive defense against AI-enabled attacks. Here's the starting plan that I'd recommend, and Push can provide the tooling to automate these steps:",{"data":2172,"content":2173,"nodeType":866},{},[2174,2179],{"data":2175,"marks":2176,"value":2178,"nodeType":865},{},[2177],{"type":926},"1. Build an AI inventory automatically.",{"data":2180,"marks":2181,"value":2182,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Every stage transition in the SANS model starts with knowing what's in your environment. A manual survey won't cut it; employees won't self-report the tools they're not sure they're allowed to use, and may overlook apps where AI is a feature but not the core function (AI-enabled apps). Instead, organizations should deploy automated discovery for AI apps, browser extensions, and OAuth integrations across the workforce - including the ones using personal accounts. Until this inventory exists, every policy decision is based on incomplete information.",{"data":2184,"content":2188,"nodeType":912},{"target":2185},{"sys":2186},{"id":2187,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2t3u0NydllImv6NzvAY058",[],{"data":2190,"content":2191,"nodeType":866},{},[2192,2197],{"data":2193,"marks":2194,"value":2196,"nodeType":865},{},[2195],{"type":926},"2. Classify what you find.",{"data":2198,"marks":2199,"value":2200,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Not all AI usage carries the same risk. A developer pasting code into ChatGPT and a salesperson using an AI notetaker are different problems. Once you can see the tools, categorize them by data sensitivity, authorization status, and access scope. The SANS model calls out data classification as a critical prerequisite; you can't write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives.",{"data":2202,"content":2203,"nodeType":866},{},[2204,2209],{"data":2205,"marks":2206,"value":2208,"nodeType":865},{},[2207],{"type":926},"3. Turn on browser-layer detection.",{"data":2210,"marks":2211,"value":2212,"nodeType":865},{},[]," This is the step most organizations skip, and it's why addressing only the Protect pillar will keep you at Stage 1. AI-enabled phishing, ClickFix attacks, device code phishing, malicious extension updates, and OAuth exploitation all execute in the browser. Without detection in that layer, there's no visibility into the fastest-growing attack category, and no path to advancing beyond basic AI usage awareness.",{"data":2214,"content":2218,"nodeType":912},{"target":2215},{"sys":2216},{"id":2217,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1fzuGjA6VSbVl1p7vM1mt7",[],{"data":2220,"content":2221,"nodeType":866},{},[2222,2227],{"data":2223,"marks":2224,"value":2226,"nodeType":865},{},[2225],{"type":926},"4. Move from blocking to graduated controls.",{"data":2228,"marks":2229,"value":2230,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The Framework of No fails because it's binary: allow or deny, with nothing in between. Organizations that cross the chasm adopt monitor, warn, and block modes — per app, per user group, per content pattern. Monitor first to see what's happening, warn to change behavior without disrupting workflows, and block only where the risk justifies it. This is the operational difference between Stage 2 and Stage 3.",{"data":2232,"content":2233,"nodeType":866},{},[2234,2239,2243,2249],{"data":2235,"marks":2236,"value":2238,"nodeType":865},{},[2237],{"type":926},"5. Assess yourself honestly against evidence, not aspiration.",{"data":2240,"marks":2241,"value":2242,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The ",{"data":2244,"content":2245,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1541},[2246],{"data":2247,"marks":2248,"value":1546,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":2250,"marks":2251,"value":2252,"nodeType":865},{},[]," includes a self-assessment and industry-specific weighting profiles. The value isn't in the score, but in identifying which pillar is keeping you from advancing.",{"data":2254,"content":2255,"nodeType":866},{},[2256],{"data":2257,"marks":2258,"value":2259,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The organizations that cross the AI security chasm will be the ones that recognize early that AI security isn't one problem with one solution. 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AI inventory and classification",{"data":2975,"content":2976,"nodeType":866},{},[2977],{"data":2978,"marks":2979,"value":2980,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can't classify AI systems by risk level if you don't know which ones your employees are using. Multiple regulations now require organizations to maintain a complete inventory of AI tools in their environment — whether as part of risk classification, asset management, or third-party risk registers.",{"data":2982,"content":2986,"nodeType":912},{"target":2983},{"sys":2984},{"id":2985,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6MEapKaazFTulp7Ql0m7H1",[],{"data":2988,"content":2991,"nodeType":912},{"target":2989},{"sys":2990},{"id":1496,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":2993,"content":2994,"nodeType":1317},{},[2995],{"data":2996,"marks":2997,"value":2999,"nodeType":865},{},[2998],{"type":926},"2. AI literacy and employee guidance",{"data":3001,"content":3002,"nodeType":866},{},[3003,3007,3012],{"data":3004,"marks":3005,"value":3006,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Regulators increasingly expect organizations to demonstrate that employees understand the AI tools they use — not through annual training alone, but through continuous, contextual guidance at the point of interaction. Several frameworks now require auditable evidence that staff have been educated about AI risks and acceptable use policies. The common thread is the need for ",{"data":3008,"marks":3009,"value":3011,"nodeType":865},{},[3010],{"type":926},"ongoing",{"data":3013,"marks":3014,"value":3015,"nodeType":865},{},[]," education, not as a one-off compliance exercise, but continuously at the point of interaction.",{"data":3017,"content":3018,"nodeType":1317},{},[3019],{"data":3020,"marks":3021,"value":3023,"nodeType":865},{},[3022],{"type":926},"3. AI data governance and exposure control",{"data":3025,"content":3026,"nodeType":866},{},[3027],{"data":3028,"marks":3029,"value":3030,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Regulations are converging on the requirement for controls over what data enters AI tools. This includes sensitive personal data, health data, and data subject to automated decision-making. Organizations need to know where personal data is being processed by AI and have mechanisms to prevent unauthorized exposure.",{"data":3032,"content":3033,"nodeType":1317},{},[3034],{"data":3035,"marks":3036,"value":3038,"nodeType":865},{},[3037],{"type":926},"4. AI-resistant authentication and phishing defense",{"data":3040,"content":3041,"nodeType":866},{},[3042],{"data":3043,"marks":3044,"value":3045,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is making phishing attacks more convincing and harder to detect through traditional means. Several frameworks now require authentication methods that can withstand AI-enhanced attacks, specifically naming phishing-resistant options like digital certificates and security keys over SMS or voice-based authentication. Beyond authentication, organizations need defenses against AI-powered phishing that bypasses the lure-quality signals users were trained to spot.",{"data":3047,"content":3051,"nodeType":912},{"target":3048},{"sys":3049},{"id":3050,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6v3l0lGH6twfYi2JaM5fKt",[],{"data":3053,"content":3054,"nodeType":1317},{},[3055],{"data":3056,"marks":3057,"value":3059,"nodeType":865},{},[3058],{"type":926},"5. Third-party AI risk and supply chain governance",{"data":3061,"content":3062,"nodeType":866},{},[3063],{"data":3064,"marks":3065,"value":3066,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employees adopt AI tools faster than procurement can track them, and each one that connects to corporate systems via OAuth creates a persistent trust relationship. Regulators now require organizations to know which third-party AI services they depend on, what permissions those services hold, and whether they introduce concentration risk. ",{"data":3068,"content":3072,"nodeType":912},{"target":3069},{"sys":3070},{"id":3071,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7xx2yYRJXBY55qTqBTTZcp",[],{"data":3074,"content":3075,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3077,"content":3078,"nodeType":981},{},[3079],{"data":3080,"marks":3081,"value":3083,"nodeType":865},{},[3082],{"type":926},"How the regulations will be enforced",{"data":3085,"content":3086,"nodeType":866},{},[3087,3091,3099],{"data":3088,"marks":3089,"value":3090,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The consequences extend well beyond fines. EU AI Act penalties reach ",{"data":3092,"content":3094,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3093},"https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/99/",[3095],{"data":3096,"marks":3097,"value":3098,"nodeType":865},{},[],"€35 million or 7% of global turnover",{"data":3100,"marks":3101,"value":3102,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for prohibited practices, but the operational impact may bite harder: non-compliant AI systems cannot be placed on the EU market, and providers bear direct responsibility for conformity under Articles 16 and 26 — meaning the CISO who signed off on an AI deployment that turns out to be non-compliant has personal exposure, not just a budget line item.",{"data":3104,"content":3105,"nodeType":866},{},[3106,3110,3119],{"data":3107,"marks":3108,"value":3109,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Italy's implementation law (",{"data":3111,"content":3113,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3112},"https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/9bfedfea/italy-enacts-law-no-132-2025-on-artificial-intelligence-sector-rules-and-next-steps",[3114],{"data":3115,"marks":3116,"value":3118,"nodeType":865},{},[3117],{"type":943},"Law No. 132/2025",{"data":3120,"marks":3121,"value":3122,"nodeType":865},{},[],") goes further, introducing criminal penalties including imprisonment for AI-related offenses like deepfake dissemination.",{"data":3124,"content":3125,"nodeType":866},{},[3126,3130,3138],{"data":3127,"marks":3128,"value":3129,"nodeType":865},{},[],"NYDFS penalties accumulate at $2,500 per day per violation, and the regulator has been aggressive: it levied ",{"data":3131,"content":3133,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3132},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-expansion-of-nydfs-nycrr-part-500-means-for-mfa-compliance/",[3134],{"data":3135,"marks":3136,"value":3137,"nodeType":865},{},[],"$14 million in fines",{"data":3139,"marks":3140,"value":3141,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from companies with inadequate MFA. CISOs sign annual compliance certifications under §500.17 where false certification carries personal liability.",{"data":3143,"content":3144,"nodeType":866},{},[3145],{"data":3146,"marks":3147,"value":3148,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The UK's Data (Use and Access) Act preserves ICO enforcement powers with fines up to £17.5 million or 4% of global turnover, and introduces a new statutory right for individuals to complain directly to controllers about automated decisions, with a 30-day response clock.",{"data":3150,"content":3151,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3153,"content":3154,"nodeType":981},{},[3155],{"data":3156,"marks":3157,"value":3159,"nodeType":865},{},[3158],{"type":926},"Where Push maps to these obligations",{"data":3161,"content":3162,"nodeType":866},{},[3163],{"data":3164,"marks":3165,"value":3166,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The five obligation categories above map to specific Push capabilities, some directly, others as supporting evidence. Push's relevance to AI regulation isn't a new product direction. The same capabilities that security teams already use for shadow SaaS discovery, phishing defense, and identity posture hardening are what compliance teams need to demonstrate AI governance.",{"data":3168,"content":3169,"nodeType":1317},{},[3170,3175],{"data":3171,"marks":3172,"value":3174,"nodeType":865},{},[3173],{"type":926},"AI inventory and shadow AI discovery.",{"data":3176,"marks":3177,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3179,"content":3180,"nodeType":866},{},[3181],{"data":3182,"marks":3183,"value":3184,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push identifies every AI app, AI browser extension, and AI OAuth integration in use across the organization, not from network traffic patterns or procurement records, but from actual observed usage in the browser.",{"data":3186,"content":3187,"nodeType":1317},{},[3188,3193],{"data":3189,"marks":3190,"value":3192,"nodeType":865},{},[3191],{"type":926},"AI usage policy enforcement and literacy evidence.",{"data":3194,"marks":3195,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3197,"content":3198,"nodeType":866},{},[3199],{"data":3200,"marks":3201,"value":3202,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's custom app banners deliver contextual policy guidance the moment an employee accesses an AI tool: linking to approved usage policies, data handling guidelines, or approved alternatives. Banners are fully customizable: they can include specific instructions, link to AI policy documents or approved alternatives, and messages from the security team tailored to the tool or user group. ",{"data":3204,"content":3208,"nodeType":912},{"target":3205},{"sys":3206},{"id":3207,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4bt65QXDiyTi1eq7wnbHUh",[],{"data":3210,"content":3211,"nodeType":1317},{},[3212,3217],{"data":3213,"marks":3214,"value":3216,"nodeType":865},{},[3215],{"type":926},"AI data exposure controls.",{"data":3218,"marks":3219,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3221,"content":3222,"nodeType":866},{},[3223],{"data":3224,"marks":3225,"value":3226,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push observes what users type, paste, and upload into AI tools, and can apply real-time controls, warning or blocking when sensitive patterns are detected. This is browser-layer DLP scoped to the AI interaction surface: it won't replace a dedicated DLP platform, but it closes the specific gap that most DLP tools miss because they lack visibility into browser-based AI interactions. Push provides the detection and enforcement layer at the point where the data actually leaves the organization.",{"data":3228,"content":3229,"nodeType":1317},{},[3230,3235],{"data":3231,"marks":3232,"value":3234,"nodeType":865},{},[3233],{"type":926},"MFA verification and phishing defense.",{"data":3236,"marks":3237,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3239,"content":3240,"nodeType":866},{},[3241],{"data":3242,"marks":3243,"value":3244,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detects where MFA is missing and identifies the type of MFA in use, directly supporting the push toward phishing-resistant authentication methods.",{"data":3246,"content":3247,"nodeType":866},{},[3248],{"data":3249,"marks":3250,"value":3251,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's behavioral phishing detection stops AiTM phishing, credential harvesting, device code phishing, and ClickFix attacks because Push detects malicious behavior in the browser, making it effective against even AI-powered phishing attacks, or those that are delivered over traditionally unmonitored channels such as search engines, social media, or even via phone call.",{"data":3253,"content":3257,"nodeType":912},{"target":3254},{"sys":3255},{"id":3256,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3hqv1nql8FvB8j7uRiddqB",[],{"data":3259,"content":3260,"nodeType":1317},{},[3261,3266],{"data":3262,"marks":3263,"value":3265,"nodeType":865},{},[3264],{"type":926},"Third-party AI risk visibility.",{"data":3267,"marks":3268,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3270,"content":3271,"nodeType":866},{},[3272],{"data":3273,"marks":3274,"value":3275,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push maps exactly which AI services employees have accessed and used, connected to other business apps via OAuth, what permissions those integrations hold, and who authorized them. This surfaces the AI providers that procurement never approved but employees adopted anyway, before they become a compliance finding or a breach vector.",{"data":3277,"content":3278,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3280,"content":3281,"nodeType":981},{},[3282],{"data":3283,"marks":3284,"value":3286,"nodeType":865},{},[3285],{"type":926},"The compliance gap is an observability gap",{"data":3288,"content":3289,"nodeType":866},{},[3290],{"data":3291,"marks":3292,"value":3293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The common failure mode across all five obligation categories is the same: the organization has a policy but can't demonstrate enforcement, because the tooling that would provide evidence operates at the wrong layer. IdP logs show managed authentication but not shadow AI logins. Network tools see traffic to AI domains but not the OAuth consent grants or the data in the clipboard. Annual training records exist but can't prove that an employee received guidance at the point of AI interaction.",{"data":3295,"content":3296,"nodeType":866},{},[3297],{"data":3298,"marks":3299,"value":3300,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser-layer telemetry closes each of these gaps because it's where the regulated activity actually happens, and where (with Push) you can observe and control it too.",{"data":3302,"content":3303,"nodeType":866},{},[3304],{"data":3305,"marks":3306,"value":3307,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The regulations covered here are the current landscape, but they aren't the final one. AI governance requirements are accelerating: NIST's AI cybersecurity framework profile is expected this summer, CISA's Five Eyes agentic AI guidance landed in May, and EU member states are still building out their national enforcement regimes.",{"data":3309,"content":3313,"nodeType":912},{"target":3310},{"sys":3311},{"id":3312,"type":909,"linkType":910},"OThPeKuFnpoo1e1FAGsFP",[],{"data":3315,"content":3316,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3318,"content":3319,"nodeType":866},{},[3320],{"data":3321,"marks":3322,"value":1356,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3324,"content":3325,"nodeType":866},{},[3326],{"data":3327,"marks":3328,"value":1363,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3330,"content":3331,"nodeType":866},{},[3332,3335,3342],{"data":3333,"marks":3334,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3336,"content":3337,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[3338],{"data":3339,"marks":3340,"value":1378,"nodeType":865},{},[3341],{"type":943},{"data":3343,"marks":3344,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI regulation is here: how browser visibility and control can achieve compliance","AI regulations across the US, EU, and UK are converging on obligations that most organizations can't meet without browser visibility into AI tool use.","2026-06-02T00:00:00.000Z","browser-visibility-and-control-can-achieve-ai-compliance",{"items":3350},[3351,3353],{"sys":3352,"name":2314},{"id":2313},{"sys":3354,"name":297},{"id":2310},{"items":3356},[3357],{"fullName":3358,"firstName":3359,"jobTitle":3360,"profilePicture":3361},"John Creaton","John","Head of Legal",{"url":3362},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/ykgZqhGCFFxufznVsqTiM/6bd977c68dd504642f0064bdb90ebdee/1774636973277.jpeg",{"__typename":1429,"sys":3364,"content":3366,"title":4601,"synopsis":4602,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":4603,"slug":4604,"tagsCollection":4605,"authorsCollection":4611},{"id":3365},"6MoHWfQlVildcFYKSbfMcE",{"json":3367},{"data":3368,"content":3369,"nodeType":1382},{},[3370,3386,3392,3399,3406,3412,3415,3423,3431,3450,3498,3504,3519,3522,3530,3537,3565,3606,3613,3616,3624,3632,3639,3645,3652,3655,3663,3670,3712,3749,3756,3759,3767,3774,3799,3806,3851,3858,3861,3869,3877,3922,3929,3935,3938,3946,3954,3987,3994,4000,4007,4010,4018,4026,4055,4062,4069,4076,4079,4087,4095,4102,4108,4115,4138,4167,4170,4178,4186,4193,4200,4203,4211,4273,4276,4284,4291,4582,4585],{"data":3371,"content":3372,"nodeType":866},{},[3373,3377,3382],{"data":3374,"marks":3375,"value":3376,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser security solutions are one of the most significant additions to the enterprise security stack in recent years — and the data shows it. The browser is where ",{"data":3378,"marks":3379,"value":3381,"nodeType":865},{},[3380],{"type":926},"85% of work now happens",{"data":3383,"marks":3384,"value":3385,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where AI tools are accessed, and where attackers increasingly choose to strike.",{"data":3387,"content":3391,"nodeType":912},{"target":3388},{"sys":3389},{"id":3390,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5P6PyFbn4EakRNlIWtNzyL",[],{"data":3393,"content":3394,"nodeType":866},{},[3395],{"data":3396,"marks":3397,"value":3398,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But browser security is a nascent category. Getting a clear picture of which solution is right for your team, and how to get the most out of it, isn't straightforward. Current solutions on the market serve a wide range of IT and security use cases, with varying degrees of depth and differentiation across them. Not all use cases are equal in terms of their security value, and not all of them are best addressed in the browser.",{"data":3400,"content":3401,"nodeType":866},{},[3402],{"data":3403,"marks":3404,"value":3405,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This article ranks the security problems that browser security solutions can address by the value they deliver: a combination of the risk reduction on offer, and the degree to which the browser is genuinely the best (or only) layer to solve the problem. ",{"data":3407,"content":3411,"nodeType":912},{"target":3408},{"sys":3409},{"id":3410,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6SJPvEHizSYk29lEvVVNj",[],{"data":3413,"content":3414,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3416,"content":3417,"nodeType":981},{},[3418],{"data":3419,"marks":3420,"value":3422,"nodeType":865},{},[3421],{"type":926},"#1 — Account takeover prevention: detecting credential attacks across all vectors",{"data":3424,"content":3425,"nodeType":866},{},[3426],{"data":3427,"marks":3428,"value":3430,"nodeType":865},{},[3429],{"type":926},"Security value: Very high | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":3432,"content":3433,"nodeType":866},{},[3434,3438,3446],{"data":3435,"marks":3436,"value":3437,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Account takeover (ATO) is the dominant entry point for enterprise breaches: ",{"data":3439,"content":3441,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3440},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/resources/infographics/identity-security-risk-review/",[3442],{"data":3443,"marks":3444,"value":3445,"nodeType":865},{},[],"80% of all modern breaches involve compromised or stolen identities",{"data":3447,"marks":3448,"value":3449,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The attack surface is far wider than most identity tooling can see: credential stuffing, password spraying, ghost logins (password-based fallback authentication that persists after SSO is configured), weak or reused credentials on shadow SaaS apps, and accounts where MFA was never enforced.",{"data":3451,"content":3452,"nodeType":866},{},[3453,3457,3465,3468,3473,3477,3482,3486,3494],{"data":3454,"marks":3455,"value":3456,"nodeType":865},{},[],"According to ",{"data":3458,"content":3460,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3459},"https://cf-assets.www.cloudflare.com/slt3lc6tev37/sWDBUMNVtEJB9ZFLt1dUU/8d69e92de2edfb3bf59e7d21d57e7e1a/Cloudflare-2026-threat-report.pdf",[3461],{"data":3462,"marks":3463,"value":3464,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cloudflare's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3466,"marks":3467,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3469,"marks":3470,"value":3472,"nodeType":865},{},[3471],{"type":926},"63% of all human logins involve credentials already compromised elsewhere",{"data":3474,"marks":3475,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and ",{"data":3478,"marks":3479,"value":3481,"nodeType":865},{},[3480],{"type":926},"94% of all login attempts originate from bots",{"data":3483,"marks":3484,"value":3485,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The ",{"data":3487,"content":3489,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro/",[3490],{"data":3491,"marks":3492,"value":3493,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Snowflake breach",{"data":3495,"marks":3496,"value":3497,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — 165+ organizations compromised, 1 billion+ records stolen — was powered almost entirely by ghost logins: accounts missing MFA that were susceptible to credential stuffing. It's particularly telling that 80% of the accounts impacted had prior breach exposure.",{"data":3499,"content":3503,"nodeType":912},{"target":3500},{"sys":3501},{"id":3502,"type":909,"linkType":910},"HbZ66kp5DiAZtwNGFJK7d",[],{"data":3505,"content":3506,"nodeType":866},{},[3507,3511,3516],{"data":3508,"marks":3509,"value":3510,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For organizations with contractors and BYOD users, the browser extension is also the only enterprise control deployable on devices that can't be MDM-enrolled — extending ATO detection to exactly the place where, per Verizon DBIR 2025, ",{"data":3512,"marks":3513,"value":3515,"nodeType":865},{},[3514],{"type":926},"46% of infostealer infections originate",{"data":3517,"marks":3518,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3520,"content":3521,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3523,"content":3524,"nodeType":981},{},[3525],{"data":3526,"marks":3527,"value":3529,"nodeType":865},{},[3528],{"type":926},"#2 — Detecting and stopping advanced phishing: AiTM, multi-channel delivery, and zero-day lures",{"data":3531,"content":3532,"nodeType":866},{},[3533],{"data":3534,"marks":3535,"value":3430,"nodeType":865},{},[3536],{"type":926},{"data":3538,"content":3539,"nodeType":866},{},[3540,3544,3552,3556,3561],{"data":3541,"marks":3542,"value":3543,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing — where an attacker's reverse proxy intercepts credentials and session tokens in real time — has become the standard technique for bypassing MFA at scale. ",{"data":3545,"content":3547,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3546},"https://www.esentire.com/resources/library/2026-threat-report",[3548],{"data":3549,"marks":3550,"value":3551,"nodeType":865},{},[],"eSentire's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3553,"marks":3554,"value":3555,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attributes ",{"data":3557,"marks":3558,"value":3560,"nodeType":865},{},[3559],{"type":926},"63% of account compromise incidents to PhaaS kits",{"data":3562,"marks":3563,"value":3564,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with account compromise surging 389% year-over-year.",{"data":3566,"content":3567,"nodeType":866},{},[3568,3572,3580,3584,3589,3593,3602],{"data":3569,"marks":3570,"value":3571,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Traditional phishing controls are also no longer in the right place to intercept these attacks. The delivery channel has shifted decisively away from email: ",{"data":3573,"content":3575,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3574},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/m-trends-2026",[3576],{"data":3577,"marks":3578,"value":3579,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mandiant M-Trends 2026",{"data":3581,"marks":3582,"value":3583,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found email phishing dropped from 14% to 6% as an infection vector, and Push data shows ",{"data":3585,"marks":3586,"value":3588,"nodeType":865},{},[3587],{"type":926},"roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads intercepted were delivered outside email entirely",{"data":3590,"marks":3591,"value":3592,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — via search engine malvertising, social platforms, and compromised websites. Meanwhile, ",{"data":3594,"content":3596,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3595},"https://www.spamhaus.com/resource-center/supporting-researchers-with-passive-dns/",[3597],{"data":3598,"marks":3599,"value":3601,"nodeType":865},{},[3600],{"type":926},"89% of phishing domains are active for less than two days",{"data":3603,"marks":3604,"value":3605,"nodeType":865},{},[],", making blocklist-based detection structurally too slow — attackers can spin up, tear down, and move on before blocklists can catch up.",{"data":3607,"content":3608,"nodeType":866},{},[3609],{"data":3610,"marks":3611,"value":3612,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modern phishing plays out entirely inside the browser session. The only detection layer that can see the phishing page structure, the credential entry, and the anomalous token context is the browser itself. Browser-native detection analyses page behavior rather than matching known-bad domains, which means it fires on zero-day kits regardless of how recently the infrastructure was stood up. Controls like credential entry guardrails add an additional layer — blocking corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains independently of content and behavior-based detections.",{"data":3614,"content":3615,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3617,"content":3618,"nodeType":981},{},[3619],{"data":3620,"marks":3621,"value":3623,"nodeType":865},{},[3622],{"type":926},"#3 — Identity posture hardening: enforcing security across the apps your IdP doesn't manage",{"data":3625,"content":3626,"nodeType":866},{},[3627],{"data":3628,"marks":3629,"value":3631,"nodeType":865},{},[3630],{"type":926},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":3633,"content":3634,"nodeType":866},{},[3635],{"data":3636,"marks":3637,"value":3638,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first challenge is knowing what you're protecting. Every identity an employee creates — every app they sign up to, every password they set, every login that bypasses SSO — is an authentication event that happens inside a browser session. The browser is the only layer that observes all of these events regardless of whether the app is sanctioned, managed, or even known to IT. Solutions that rely on API-level integrations with known apps, network traffic inspection, or email sign-up notifications can only ever build a partial picture, because they can only see apps they already know about. The browser sees the login itself, which means it discovers the identity at the moment it's created or used — authentication method, password strength, MFA status, and all.",{"data":3640,"content":3644,"nodeType":912},{"target":3641},{"sys":3642},{"id":3643,"type":909,"linkType":910},"HETvBCPsKGkqLVtaasXH0",[],{"data":3646,"content":3647,"nodeType":866},{},[3648],{"data":3649,"marks":3650,"value":3651,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But discovery without enforcement is just an inventory problem. Being in the browser means that you're in a great position to act on what it finds at the moment of authentication. Browser-native guardrails that prompt MFA enrollment, guide users toward stronger credentials, and redirect to SSO login paths close the gap at scale, on every app, including those the IdP has never seen. They also produce the continuous, auditable evidence of MFA coverage and credential hygiene across the full application estate that regulators, insurers, and auditors increasingly require — evidence that no IdP-centric tool can provide for apps outside its scope.",{"data":3653,"content":3654,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3656,"content":3657,"nodeType":981},{},[3658],{"data":3659,"marks":3660,"value":3662,"nodeType":865},{},[3661],{"type":926},"#4 — Browser extension security",{"data":3664,"content":3665,"nodeType":866},{},[3666],{"data":3667,"marks":3668,"value":3631,"nodeType":865},{},[3669],{"type":926},{"data":3671,"content":3672,"nodeType":866},{},[3673,3677,3686,3689,3697,3700,3708],{"data":3674,"marks":3675,"value":3676,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser extensions have become one of the most talked-about attack surfaces in security over the past 18 months, and understandably so — a string of high-profile supply chain compromises have collectively impacted tens of millions of users since late 2024 (",{"data":3678,"content":3680,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3679},"https://www.cyberhaven.com/blog/cyberhavens-chrome-extension-security-incident-and-what-were-doing-about-it",[3681],{"data":3682,"marks":3683,"value":3685,"nodeType":865},{},[3684],{"type":943},"Cyberhaven",{"data":3687,"marks":3688,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3690,"content":3692,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3691},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/darkspectre-browser-extension-campaigns.html",[3693],{"data":3694,"marks":3695,"value":3696,"nodeType":865},{},[],"DarkSpectre",{"data":3698,"marks":3699,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3701,"content":3703,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3702},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/trust-wallet-chrome-extension-hack.html",[3704],{"data":3705,"marks":3706,"value":3707,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Trust Wallet",{"data":3709,"marks":3710,"value":3711,"nodeType":865},{},[],", among many others).",{"data":3713,"content":3714,"nodeType":866},{},[3715,3718,3727,3731,3736,3740,3745],{"data":3716,"marks":3717,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3719,"content":3721,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3720},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-browser-extension-risk-scoring-wont-predict-your-next-breach/",[3722],{"data":3723,"marks":3724,"value":3726,"nodeType":865},{},[3725],{"type":943},"Analysis of 20,000+ extensions across Push customers",{"data":3728,"marks":3729,"value":3730,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found ",{"data":3732,"marks":3733,"value":3735,"nodeType":865},{},[3734],{"type":926},"46.76% have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":3737,"marks":3738,"value":3739,"nodeType":865},{},[],", making permissions-based risk scoring effectively useless as a triage tool. The real threat model is not malicious extensions at install time — it's legitimate extensions that ",{"data":3741,"marks":3742,"value":3744,"nodeType":865},{},[3743],{"type":898},"become",{"data":3746,"marks":3747,"value":3748,"nodeType":865},{},[]," malicious after an ownership transfer, developer account compromise, or silent update push. Every major extension supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as low-risk immediately before compromise.",{"data":3750,"content":3751,"nodeType":866},{},[3752],{"data":3753,"marks":3754,"value":3755,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SWGs and network tools are structurally blind to this attack surface: a malicious extension exfiltrating session tokens generates no anomalous network signal — its traffic is indistinguishable from normal browsing. Endpoint agents have no visibility into extension behavior at the session level. Extension inventory, supply chain change monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — and enforcement all require browser-layer access by definition.",{"data":3757,"content":3758,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3760,"content":3761,"nodeType":981},{},[3762],{"data":3763,"marks":3764,"value":3766,"nodeType":865},{},[3765],{"type":926},"#5 — Shadow SaaS discovery and OAuth integration governance",{"data":3768,"content":3769,"nodeType":866},{},[3770],{"data":3771,"marks":3772,"value":3631,"nodeType":865},{},[3773],{"type":926},{"data":3775,"content":3776,"nodeType":866},{},[3777,3781,3786,3790,3795],{"data":3778,"marks":3779,"value":3780,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow SaaS discovery shares DNA with identity posture hardening (#3) — both start with the same browser-native visibility into login events that no other layer can replicate. Where identity posture focuses on hardening ",{"data":3782,"marks":3783,"value":3785,"nodeType":865},{},[3784],{"type":898},"how",{"data":3787,"marks":3788,"value":3789,"nodeType":865},{},[]," employees authenticate, shadow SaaS discovery focuses on ",{"data":3791,"marks":3792,"value":3794,"nodeType":865},{},[3793],{"type":898},"what",{"data":3796,"marks":3797,"value":3798,"nodeType":865},{},[]," they authenticate to: surfacing the full estate of applications in use across the organization, including those that IT has never sanctioned or even heard of.",{"data":3800,"content":3801,"nodeType":866},{},[3802],{"data":3803,"marks":3804,"value":3805,"nodeType":865},{},[],"OAuth integration governance is the component of shadow SaaS that is both the most potentially damaging and the hardest to surface through other means. The SaaS-to-SaaS OAuth pivot is now an industrialized attack pattern.",{"data":3807,"content":3808,"nodeType":1616},{},[3809,3830],{"data":3810,"content":3811,"nodeType":1570},{},[3812],{"data":3813,"content":3814,"nodeType":866},{},[3815,3818,3826],{"data":3816,"marks":3817,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3819,"content":3821,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3820},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach/",[3822],{"data":3823,"marks":3824,"value":3825,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters",{"data":3827,"marks":3828,"value":3829,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Salesforce campaign — which compromised 1,000+ organizations and 1.5 billion records — demonstrated the full chain: the attacker didn't stop at stealing customer data but harvested OAuth tokens, AWS access keys, and Snowflake tokens from breached tenants and pivoted through connected services like Salesloft, Drift, and Gainsight to reach hundreds more organizations.",{"data":3831,"content":3832,"nodeType":1570},{},[3833],{"data":3834,"content":3835,"nodeType":866},{},[3836,3839,3847],{"data":3837,"marks":3838,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3840,"content":3842,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3841},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-vercel-breach/",[3843],{"data":3844,"marks":3845,"value":3846,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Context.ai → Vercel",{"data":3848,"marks":3849,"value":3850,"nodeType":865},{},[]," chain followed the same logic — stored OAuth tokens from a forgotten AI app trial provided the bridge into Google Workspace, internal dashboards, and API keys. These are not isolated incidents; they are the repeatable playbook for extracting maximum value from a single compromise through the trust relationships that OAuth connections encode.",{"data":3852,"content":3853,"nodeType":866},{},[3854],{"data":3855,"marks":3856,"value":3857,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Every OAuth consent grant transits the browser — the authorization prompt, the scope disclosure, the user's approval click, and the redirect that completes the grant all happen inside a browser session — which makes the browser the only layer where an unwanted grant can be intercepted before the token is issued and the persistent access path is created. Once a token exists, the damage is done: it survives password resets, MFA changes, and session revocations, and revoking it after the fact requires first knowing it was granted, which most organizations do not.",{"data":3859,"content":3860,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3862,"content":3863,"nodeType":981},{},[3864],{"data":3865,"marks":3866,"value":3868,"nodeType":865},{},[3867],{"type":926},"#6 — Blocking ClickFix and social engineering-based malware delivery",{"data":3870,"content":3871,"nodeType":866},{},[3872],{"data":3873,"marks":3874,"value":3876,"nodeType":865},{},[3875],{"type":926},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for interception — shared with endpoint security for execution. ConsentFix is a browser-native exception that is T1-aligned.",{"data":3878,"content":3879,"nodeType":866},{},[3880,3884,3889,3893,3900,3904,3909,3913,3918],{"data":3881,"marks":3882,"value":3883,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix was the most common initial access vector reported by Microsoft in 2025, accounting for ",{"data":3885,"marks":3886,"value":3888,"nodeType":865},{},[3887],{"type":926},"47% of observed attacks",{"data":3890,"marks":3891,"value":3892,"nodeType":865},{},[],". CrowdStrike's ",{"data":3894,"content":3895,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1929},[3896],{"data":3897,"marks":3898,"value":3899,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2026 Global Threat Report",{"data":3901,"marks":3902,"value":3903,"nodeType":865},{},[]," identified fake CAPTCHA lures as the most common malware download type, increasing ",{"data":3905,"marks":3906,"value":3908,"nodeType":865},{},[3907],{"type":926},"563% year-over-year",{"data":3910,"marks":3911,"value":3912,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The technique writes a malicious command to the victim's clipboard and social-engineers them into executing it. It is fileless (bypassing download scanning), user-executed (bypassing endpoint behavioral detections), and ",{"data":3914,"marks":3915,"value":3917,"nodeType":865},{},[3916],{"type":926},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads intercepted by Push arrived via search engines",{"data":3919,"marks":3920,"value":3921,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — not email (bypassing email anti-phishing controls).",{"data":3923,"content":3924,"nodeType":866},{},[3925],{"data":3926,"marks":3927,"value":3928,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is the earliest and most effective intervention point — detecting the clipboard injection and social engineering lure before anything reaches the endpoint in executable form. But the problem doesn't end at the browser boundary: once the command has been pasted and run, detection and remediation become endpoint problems, and a mature defense requires both layers. The broader *Fix family — FileFix, InstallFix, and similar derivatives — follows the same pattern, with the browser providing the critical early-warning layer within a defense that spans browser and endpoint.",{"data":3930,"content":3934,"nodeType":912},{"target":3931},{"sys":3932},{"id":3933,"type":909,"linkType":910},"39alMHtw9FPHbQINqbAgBN",[],{"data":3936,"content":3937,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":3939,"content":3940,"nodeType":981},{},[3941],{"data":3942,"marks":3943,"value":3945,"nodeType":865},{},[3944],{"type":926},"#7 — AI visibility and control: enforcing which AI tools employees can use and how",{"data":3947,"content":3948,"nodeType":866},{},[3949],{"data":3950,"marks":3951,"value":3953,"nodeType":865},{},[3952],{"type":926},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for access enforcement — but AI governance is not a new security problem so much as a force multiplier on existing ones",{"data":3955,"content":3956,"nodeType":866},{},[3957,3961,3970,3974,3983],{"data":3958,"marks":3959,"value":3960,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI adoption is outpacing security governance at nearly every organization, and ",{"data":3962,"content":3964,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3963},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/7-things-omdias-latest-report-tells-us-about-the-secure-enterprise-browser-market/",[3965],{"data":3966,"marks":3967,"value":3969,"nodeType":865},{},[3968],{"type":926},"71% of organizations are concerned about data leakage via unsanctioned AI apps",{"data":3971,"marks":3972,"value":3973,"nodeType":865},{},[],". But the security problems that AI creates are not, for the most part, novel — they are existing Tier 1 problems amplified by a new category of tooling. Shadow AI apps are shadow SaaS (#5). AI OAuth integrations are OAuth governance (#5). AI browser extensions are extension security (#4). The risk of employees using personal AI accounts — ",{"data":3975,"content":3977,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3976},"https://keepaware.com/blog/46-of-sensitive-data-bypasses-your-dlp",[3978],{"data":3979,"marks":3980,"value":3982,"nodeType":865},{},[3981],{"type":926},"46% of sensitive inputs to AI tools are sent via personal accounts",{"data":3984,"marks":3985,"value":3986,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — is an identity posture problem (#3).",{"data":3988,"content":3989,"nodeType":866},{},[3990],{"data":3991,"marks":3992,"value":3993,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The component parts that allow you to govern AI are individually Tier 1 capabilities, and the browser is the best single layer for gaining visibility and control over AI usage — it sees the apps, the OAuth grants, the extensions, and the account context. But a complete end-to-end solution also requires a presence on the endpoint layer (for local AI tools, IDE-integrated agents, and API-level usage that never touches the browser), and prompt-level DLP on sanctioned tools is better handled by platform-native controls than by browser-layer observation.",{"data":3995,"content":3999,"nodeType":912},{"target":3996},{"sys":3997},{"id":3998,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6Py3z9VgjhKrchmYvhmbsq",[],{"data":4001,"content":4002,"nodeType":866},{},[4003],{"data":4004,"marks":4005,"value":4006,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is what makes platform controls effective — if employees are using personal accounts, there are no enterprise audit logs to inspect. And for the growing category of AI agents, agentic browsers, and MCP-connected tools that operate through OAuth grants rather than direct user interaction, the browser is where the consent decisions that authorize those agents are made.",{"data":4008,"content":4009,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":4011,"content":4012,"nodeType":981},{},[4013],{"data":4014,"marks":4015,"value":4017,"nodeType":865},{},[4016],{"type":926},"#8 — Investigation acceleration and incident response: closing the missing middle",{"data":4019,"content":4020,"nodeType":866},{},[4021],{"data":4022,"marks":4023,"value":4025,"nodeType":865},{},[4024],{"type":926},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong — fills a structural gap complementary to endpoint, network, and identity telemetry",{"data":4027,"content":4028,"nodeType":866},{},[4029,4033,4038,4042,4051],{"data":4030,"marks":4031,"value":4032,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Endpoint logs show what processes executed. Network logs show traffic destinations. IdP logs show authentication events. None of them show what happened ",{"data":4034,"marks":4035,"value":4037,"nodeType":865},{},[4036],{"type":898},"inside the browser session",{"data":4039,"marks":4040,"value":4041,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — the phishing page the user saw, the credentials they entered, the malicious OAuth consent grant, the data uploaded or pasted to an unsanctioned service. This is the missing middle of modern incident investigations, and for the ",{"data":4043,"content":4045,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4044},"https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.uk/resources/research/unit-42-incident-response-report",[4046],{"data":4047,"marks":4048,"value":4050,"nodeType":865},{},[4049],{"type":926},"48% of intrusions involving browser-based activity",{"data":4052,"marks":4053,"value":4054,"nodeType":865},{},[],", the absence of browser telemetry is a significant investigative gap.",{"data":4056,"content":4057,"nodeType":866},{},[4058],{"data":4059,"marks":4060,"value":4061,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser-layer telemetry fills that gap with a fundamentally different quality of signal: what users actually clicked, what pages loaded and how they behaved, what credentials were entered, what session activity followed — structured, high-fidelity data from inside the session where the attack played out. That's the difference between inferring what happened and seeing it directly, and it determines scope, drives containment decisions, and provides the direct evidential record that neither endpoint DLP nor network monitoring can supply for browser-native attacks.",{"data":4063,"content":4064,"nodeType":866},{},[4065],{"data":4066,"marks":4067,"value":4068,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser telemetry is a key addition to the investigative picture. Investigations are inherently multi-source — without browser data, reconstructing an incident from EDR, network, and IdP logs won't tell you the full picture (particularly when attacks are increasingly delivered outside of email, intercepting users as they browse the internet normally).",{"data":4070,"content":4071,"nodeType":866},{},[4072],{"data":4073,"marks":4074,"value":4075,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser provides the causal link that other sources miss: the bridge between \"a user visited a URL\" and \"credentials were submitted to a phishing page that issued a session token now being replayed from an attacker-controlled browser.\" Integrated with SIEM and SOAR platforms, that signal enables automated response workflows to execute on high-confidence detections without waiting for manual triage.",{"data":4077,"content":4078,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":4080,"content":4081,"nodeType":981},{},[4082],{"data":4083,"marks":4084,"value":4086,"nodeType":865},{},[4085],{"type":926},"#9 — Infostealer defense: detecting exposure and blocking delivery",{"data":4088,"content":4089,"nodeType":866},{},[4090],{"data":4091,"marks":4092,"value":4094,"nodeType":865},{},[4093],{"type":926},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for delivery interception and stolen factor detection — complementary to endpoint security for execution",{"data":4096,"content":4097,"nodeType":866},{},[4098],{"data":4099,"marks":4100,"value":4101,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are the upstream supply chain for a disproportionate share of the most damaging enterprise attacks — harvesting credentials, session cookies, and browser profile data en masse from infected devices, then selling the outputs on infostealer markets for use in credential stuffing, ATO, and ransomware campaigns.",{"data":4103,"content":4107,"nodeType":912},{"target":4104},{"sys":4105},{"id":4106,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5NF1afwu3zFGThZTtStVQA",[],{"data":4109,"content":4110,"nodeType":866},{},[4111],{"data":4112,"marks":4113,"value":4114,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is relevant at two points in the infostealer kill chain. First, delivery interception: ClickFix (covered in #6) is now the primary infostealer delivery mechanism, and the browser is the only layer that can intercept it before execution. Second, detecting stolen factors when attackers attempt to use them — and infostealers produce two categories of stolen factor that the browser can guard against.",{"data":4116,"content":4117,"nodeType":1616},{},[4118,4128],{"data":4119,"content":4120,"nodeType":1570},{},[4121],{"data":4122,"content":4123,"nodeType":866},{},[4124],{"data":4125,"marks":4126,"value":4127,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen credentials can be identified at the point of login: browser-layer detection flags credentials that appear in known breach datasets, catching infostealer-harvested passwords being replayed in credential stuffing campaigns before the account is compromised.",{"data":4129,"content":4130,"nodeType":1570},{},[4131],{"data":4132,"content":4133,"nodeType":866},{},[4134],{"data":4135,"marks":4136,"value":4137,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen session tokens are caught through a different mechanism: sessions originating in instrumented browsers carry a marker, and when a token subsequently appears in an un-instrumented browser it is a confirmed stolen session — catching infostealer-harvested cookies being replayed regardless of how or where the token was originally harvested.",{"data":4139,"content":4140,"nodeType":866},{},[4141,4145,4154,4158,4163],{"data":4142,"marks":4143,"value":4144,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is particularly critical for the ",{"data":4146,"content":4148,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4147},"https://www.verizon.com/business/en-gb/resources/reports/dbir/",[4149],{"data":4150,"marks":4151,"value":4153,"nodeType":865},{},[4152],{"type":926},"46% of infected devices that are unmanaged",{"data":4155,"marks":4156,"value":4157,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where EDR is absent and the stolen credentials and session tokens will never be detected at the endpoint. Infostealer ",{"data":4159,"marks":4160,"value":4162,"nodeType":865},{},[4161],{"type":898},"execution",{"data":4164,"marks":4165,"value":4166,"nodeType":865},{},[]," remains an endpoint problem; the browser closes the delivery and replay gaps that endpoint tools miss.",{"data":4168,"content":4169,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":4171,"content":4172,"nodeType":981},{},[4173],{"data":4174,"marks":4175,"value":4177,"nodeType":865},{},[4176],{"type":926},"#10 — Data loss prevention: a key component of effective DLP, but not the full picture",{"data":4179,"content":4180,"nodeType":866},{},[4181],{"data":4182,"marks":4183,"value":4185,"nodeType":865},{},[4184],{"type":926},"Security value: Medium-high | Browser fit: Partial — complementary to dedicated DLP",{"data":4187,"content":4188,"nodeType":866},{},[4189],{"data":4190,"marks":4191,"value":4192,"nodeType":865},{},[],"File uploads to unsanctioned services, sensitive data pasted into AI tools, and exfiltration through personal accounts are genuine and growing risks that traditional email and endpoint-centric DLP tools were not designed to catch. Browser-layer controls provide real value here — particularly for BYOD users and contractors, where endpoint DLP agents cannot be deployed and the browser is the only available data loss visibility.",{"data":4194,"content":4195,"nodeType":866},{},[4196],{"data":4197,"marks":4198,"value":4199,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The honest scope: browser-layer DLP does not cover email-based loss, endpoint-to-endpoint transfers, or cloud API exfiltration. It closes specific and important gaps within a broader DLP strategy, not a replacement for one. A further distinction for organizations evaluating browser DLP for secure third-party access: full-stack enterprise browsers can enforce deeper output controls — watermarking, obfuscation, screenshot and print restrictions — at the OS rendering level that browser extensions cannot reliably replicate. Extension-based browser DLP is strongest for upload, input, and access control use cases rather than OS-level output restriction.",{"data":4201,"content":4202,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":4204,"content":4205,"nodeType":981},{},[4206],{"data":4207,"marks":4208,"value":4210,"nodeType":865},{},[4209],{"type":926},"Tier 3 — Lower Value: A problem best addressed outside of the browser",{"data":4212,"content":4213,"nodeType":1616},{},[4214,4229,4244,4259],{"data":4215,"content":4216,"nodeType":1570},{},[4217],{"data":4218,"content":4219,"nodeType":866},{},[4220,4225],{"data":4221,"marks":4222,"value":4224,"nodeType":865},{},[4223],{"type":926},"Browser exploit protection",{"data":4226,"marks":4227,"value":4228,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (narrow RCE/sandbox sense) ranks lower because browser zero-days represent just 9% of all zero-days reported to Google, and 82% of attack detections are now malware-free (CrowdStrike 2026). This is a problem for browser vendors to solve, and it's not a big enough problem to warrant enterprises investing in additional mitigating controls.",{"data":4230,"content":4231,"nodeType":1570},{},[4232],{"data":4233,"content":4234,"nodeType":866},{},[4235,4240],{"data":4236,"marks":4237,"value":4239,"nodeType":865},{},[4238],{"type":926},"Domain and URL category controls",{"data":4241,"marks":4242,"value":4243,"nodeType":865},{},[]," offer genuine browser-layer value but are commoditized by SWG and DNS filtering tools most organizations already operate. This can be provided in the browser, sure (and it's something we do at Push) but offers limited security value in terms of making a difference against modern attacks that quickly rotate these kinds of indicators and are designed to blend in.",{"data":4245,"content":4246,"nodeType":1570},{},[4247],{"data":4248,"content":4249,"nodeType":866},{},[4250,4255],{"data":4251,"marks":4252,"value":4254,"nodeType":865},{},[4253],{"type":926},"Access management",{"data":4256,"marks":4257,"value":4258,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — ZTNA, VPN replacement, PAM, BYOD access control — is an IT infrastructure and access architecture problem, not a security operations problem, and belongs to a different buyer with a different evaluation frame. There are numerous (typically full-stack) Enterprise Browser solutions on the market that address IT use cases like this well.",{"data":4260,"content":4261,"nodeType":1570},{},[4262],{"data":4263,"content":4264,"nodeType":866},{},[4265,4269],{"data":4266,"marks":4267,"value":781,"nodeType":865},{},[4268],{"type":926},{"data":4270,"marks":4271,"value":4272,"nodeType":865},{},[]," addresses browser exploit risk rather than the identity-first attacks that represent the majority of current enterprise browser risk, and introduces UX friction that limits deployment at scale. When it triggers, it introduces latency but still fails to detect and stop browser-native attacks.",{"data":4274,"content":4275,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":4277,"content":4278,"nodeType":981},{},[4279],{"data":4280,"marks":4281,"value":4283,"nodeType":865},{},[4282],{"type":926},"How Push Security maps to the highest-value security use cases",{"data":4285,"content":4286,"nodeType":866},{},[4287],{"data":4288,"marks":4289,"value":4290,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push is purpose-built to address all of these problems using a flexible browser extension — plug into any browser with no migration, no host agent deployment, and no IT overhead — that delivers telemetry and control from day one, and extends coverage to every enrolled browser regardless of device ownership.",{"data":4292,"content":4293,"nodeType":2927},{},[4294,4319,4343,4367,4391,4415,4439,4463,4487,4511,4535,4559],{"data":4295,"content":4296,"nodeType":2400},{},[4297,4308],{"data":4298,"content":4299,"nodeType":2366},{},[4300],{"data":4301,"content":4302,"nodeType":866},{},[4303],{"data":4304,"marks":4305,"value":4307,"nodeType":865},{},[4306],{"type":926},"Security use case",{"data":4309,"content":4310,"nodeType":2366},{},[4311],{"data":4312,"content":4313,"nodeType":866},{},[4314],{"data":4315,"marks":4316,"value":4318,"nodeType":865},{},[4317],{"type":926},"How Push addresses it",{"data":4320,"content":4321,"nodeType":2400},{},[4322,4333],{"data":4323,"content":4324,"nodeType":2366},{},[4325],{"data":4326,"content":4327,"nodeType":866},{},[4328],{"data":4329,"marks":4330,"value":4332,"nodeType":865},{},[4331],{"type":926},"Account takeover prevention",{"data":4334,"content":4335,"nodeType":2366},{},[4336],{"data":4337,"content":4338,"nodeType":866},{},[4339],{"data":4340,"marks":4341,"value":4342,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Surfaces and fixes ghost logins, weak and breached credentials and missing MFA controls across every app and device — including shadow SaaS and unmanaged devices invisible to the IdP. Push also detects and stops the attack techniques that typically lead to ATO early in the kill chain and before an account can be compromised.",{"data":4344,"content":4345,"nodeType":2400},{},[4346,4357],{"data":4347,"content":4348,"nodeType":2366},{},[4349],{"data":4350,"content":4351,"nodeType":866},{},[4352],{"data":4353,"marks":4354,"value":4356,"nodeType":865},{},[4355],{"type":926},"Advanced phishing detection",{"data":4358,"content":4359,"nodeType":2366},{},[4360],{"data":4361,"content":4362,"nodeType":866},{},[4363],{"data":4364,"marks":4365,"value":4366,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Behavioral page analysis detects phishing kits regardless of whether the domain is known-bad. Credential entry guardrails block corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains. TTP-based detection remains effective as attacker infrastructure rotates.",{"data":4368,"content":4369,"nodeType":2400},{},[4370,4381],{"data":4371,"content":4372,"nodeType":2366},{},[4373],{"data":4374,"content":4375,"nodeType":866},{},[4376],{"data":4377,"marks":4378,"value":4380,"nodeType":865},{},[4379],{"type":926},"Identity posture hardening",{"data":4382,"content":4383,"nodeType":2366},{},[4384],{"data":4385,"content":4386,"nodeType":866},{},[4387],{"data":4388,"marks":4389,"value":4390,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Enforces MFA, strong credentials, and SSO adoption across every app the IdP doesn't manage. Produces continuous, auditable MFA coverage and credential hygiene evidence across the full application and device estate.",{"data":4392,"content":4393,"nodeType":2400},{},[4394,4405],{"data":4395,"content":4396,"nodeType":2366},{},[4397],{"data":4398,"content":4399,"nodeType":866},{},[4400],{"data":4401,"marks":4402,"value":4404,"nodeType":865},{},[4403],{"type":926},"Browser extension security",{"data":4406,"content":4407,"nodeType":2366},{},[4408],{"data":4409,"content":4410,"nodeType":866},{},[4411],{"data":4412,"marks":4413,"value":4414,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Live extension inventory with supply chain change event monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — rather than static risk scoring. Supports default-deny allowlisting and remote extension removal. Blocks known-bad malicious extensions automatically.",{"data":4416,"content":4417,"nodeType":2400},{},[4418,4429],{"data":4419,"content":4420,"nodeType":2366},{},[4421],{"data":4422,"content":4423,"nodeType":866},{},[4424],{"data":4425,"marks":4426,"value":4428,"nodeType":865},{},[4427],{"type":926},"Shadow SaaS and OAuth governance",{"data":4430,"content":4431,"nodeType":2366},{},[4432],{"data":4433,"content":4434,"nodeType":866},{},[4435],{"data":4436,"marks":4437,"value":4438,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Discovers shadow SaaS from actual login events with full authentication context. Monitors and blocks OAuth consent flows — including AI and MCP integrations — in real time before persistent access paths are created.",{"data":4440,"content":4441,"nodeType":2400},{},[4442,4453],{"data":4443,"content":4444,"nodeType":2366},{},[4445],{"data":4446,"content":4447,"nodeType":866},{},[4448],{"data":4449,"marks":4450,"value":4452,"nodeType":865},{},[4451],{"type":926},"ClickFix and the *Fix family",{"data":4454,"content":4455,"nodeType":2366},{},[4456],{"data":4457,"content":4458,"nodeType":866},{},[4459],{"data":4460,"marks":4461,"value":4462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detects and blocks ClickFix lures, clipboard injection, and browser-native variants like ConsentFix in real time — before the payload executes or OAuth key material is captured.",{"data":4464,"content":4465,"nodeType":2400},{},[4466,4477],{"data":4467,"content":4468,"nodeType":2366},{},[4469],{"data":4470,"content":4471,"nodeType":866},{},[4472],{"data":4473,"marks":4474,"value":4476,"nodeType":865},{},[4475],{"type":926},"AI visibility & control",{"data":4478,"content":4479,"nodeType":2366},{},[4480],{"data":4481,"content":4482,"nodeType":866},{},[4483],{"data":4484,"marks":4485,"value":4486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Enforces which AI tools employees can access and routes usage to corporate tenants. Governs AI browser extensions and blocks OAuth consent grants to unapproved AI applications — drawing on the same Tier 1 capabilities (OAuth governance, extension security, shadow SaaS discovery) that make this possible.",{"data":4488,"content":4489,"nodeType":2400},{},[4490,4501],{"data":4491,"content":4492,"nodeType":2366},{},[4493],{"data":4494,"content":4495,"nodeType":866},{},[4496],{"data":4497,"marks":4498,"value":4500,"nodeType":865},{},[4499],{"type":926},"Security investigations & incident response",{"data":4502,"content":4503,"nodeType":2366},{},[4504],{"data":4505,"content":4506,"nodeType":866},{},[4507],{"data":4508,"marks":4509,"value":4510,"nodeType":865},{},[],"High-fidelity session telemetry — page loads, credential entries, DOM changes, OAuth grants — fills the missing middle that endpoint, network, and IdP logs leave open. Feeds directly into SIEM and SOAR for automated response.",{"data":4512,"content":4513,"nodeType":2400},{},[4514,4525],{"data":4515,"content":4516,"nodeType":2366},{},[4517],{"data":4518,"content":4519,"nodeType":866},{},[4520],{"data":4521,"marks":4522,"value":4524,"nodeType":865},{},[4523],{"type":926},"Infostealer defense",{"data":4526,"content":4527,"nodeType":2366},{},[4528],{"data":4529,"content":4530,"nodeType":866},{},[4531],{"data":4532,"marks":4533,"value":4534,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Intercepts ClickFix-based infostealer delivery before execution. Detects token replay in unenrolled browser contexts — catching post-theft abuse from AiTM-sourced tokens and infostealer-harvested cookies, including from unmanaged devices.",{"data":4536,"content":4537,"nodeType":2400},{},[4538,4549],{"data":4539,"content":4540,"nodeType":2366},{},[4541],{"data":4542,"content":4543,"nodeType":866},{},[4544],{"data":4545,"marks":4546,"value":4548,"nodeType":865},{},[4547],{"type":926},"Data loss prevention",{"data":4550,"content":4551,"nodeType":2366},{},[4552],{"data":4553,"content":4554,"nodeType":866},{},[4555],{"data":4556,"marks":4557,"value":4558,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Observes file uploads, downloads, and sensitive data inputs across all applications. Extends data loss visibility to BYOD and contractor devices where endpoint DLP cannot reach.",{"data":4560,"content":4561,"nodeType":2400},{},[4562,4572],{"data":4563,"content":4564,"nodeType":2366},{},[4565],{"data":4566,"content":4567,"nodeType":866},{},[4568],{"data":4569,"marks":4570,"value":4239,"nodeType":865},{},[4571],{"type":926},{"data":4573,"content":4574,"nodeType":2366},{},[4575],{"data":4576,"content":4577,"nodeType":866},{},[4578],{"data":4579,"marks":4580,"value":4581,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Custom URL blocklists with wildcard support and REST API management for threat intelligence feed sync. Application category blocking restricts access to classes of apps (file-sharing, unsanctioned AI tools) configurable by user group. Domain categorization bringing SWG-style category blocking natively to the browser without a network proxy.",{"data":4583,"content":4584,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":4586,"content":4587,"nodeType":866},{},[4588,4592,4598],{"data":4589,"marks":4590,"value":4591,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. ",{"data":4593,"content":4594,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[4595],{"data":4596,"marks":4597,"value":1378,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":4599,"marks":4600,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The top 10 security problems you can solve in the browser — ranked by value","Ranking the security problems you can solve in the browser by security value and browser fit.","2026-05-14T00:00:00.000Z","the-top-10-security-problems-you-can-solve-in-the-browser-ranked-by-value",{"items":4606},[4607,4609],{"sys":4608,"name":297},{"id":2310},{"sys":4610,"name":2314},{"id":2313},{"items":4612},[4613],{"fullName":4614,"firstName":4615,"jobTitle":4616,"profilePicture":4617},"Alex Henshall","Alex","Product Team",{"url":4618},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2rz3Pre3b1MexPIQ4hzPUe/0ef8a092b7e7df00fbce3f7d1ccb96d1/Alex_Henshall.jpeg","why-your-training-budget-belongs-in-real-time-browser-security","blog/why-your-training-budget-belongs-in-real-time-browser-security",{"json":4622},{"data":4623,"content":4624,"nodeType":1382},{},[4625],{"data":4626,"content":4627,"nodeType":866},{},[4628],{"data":4629,"marks":4630,"value":4631,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations spend billions annually on security awareness training, but can't keep up with attack evolution. Browser-based technical controls can make the difference where training falls short.","Organizations spend billions annually on awareness training. Here's why browser-based technical controls can make the difference where training falls short. ",{"id":4634,"publishedAt":4635},"3UADFvNqybXoCYlWtJPohK","2026-08-12T11:52:40.899Z",{"items":4637},[4638,4640],{"sys":4639,"name":297},{"id":2310},{"sys":4641,"name":342},{"id":4642},"4ksQNCFeBf8H4QIORqpRLw",{"items":4644},[4645,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663,4665,4667,4669,4671],{"sys":4646,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":4648,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":4650,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":4652,"name":554,"slug":555,"tier":45},{"id":551},{"sys":4654,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":4656,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":4658,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":4660,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":4662,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":4664,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":4666,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":4668,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":4670,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":4672,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},"AUI3W3xOkFC745RamDcux4zdpTSSzBzbv9oKjLfOMco",{"id":4675,"title":4676,"authorsCollection":4677,"content":4684,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":5782,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":5784,"metaTitle":5785,"ogImage":59,"postType":1424,"publishedDate":3347,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":5786,"slug":8050,"stem":8051,"subtitle":8052,"summary":8053,"synopsis":8063,"sys":8064,"tagsCollection":8067,"topicsCollection":8073,"__hash__":8113},"blog/blog/why-you-cant-control-ai-without-being-in-the-browser.json","Why you can't control AI without being in the browser",{"items":4678},[4679],{"fullName":4680,"firstName":4681,"jobTitle":4616,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":4682},"Kelly Davenport","Kelly",{"url":4683},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1hi8bEuVfn5sF57LivAq6d/9a3b82426c697d765e2e450e33a18424/kelly_profile_pic.jpeg",{"json":4685,"links":5603},{"data":4686,"content":4687,"nodeType":1382},{},[4688,4695,4702,4723,4730,4737,4740,4748,4755,4762,4785,4792,4799,4805,4808,4816,4823,4829,4836,4844,4876,4895,4901,4909,4916,4922,4942,4950,4957,4988,4994,5009,5012,5020,5027,5032,5048,5055,5062,5074,5093,5100,5107,5115,5122,5140,5146,5153,5159,5165,5168,5176,5183,5190,5253,5260,5267,5274,5281,5297,5304,5311,5318,5325,5332,5339,5346,5353,5360,5367,5374,5381,5388,5391,5399,5406,5418,5425,5432,5439,5446,5570,5576,5582,5585],{"data":4689,"content":4690,"nodeType":866},{},[4691],{"data":4692,"marks":4693,"value":4694,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When is a fork not a fork? When it's a browser security platform built to solve both problems of the AI era.",{"data":4696,"content":4697,"nodeType":866},{},[4698],{"data":4699,"marks":4700,"value":4701,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Many security leaders are rightly worried about two big problems in the age of AI: AI-enabled attacks targeting their employees via the browser; and employees introducing the risk of data loss through their use of AI tools.",{"data":4703,"content":4704,"nodeType":866},{},[4705,4710,4714,4719],{"data":4706,"marks":4707,"value":4709,"nodeType":865},{},[4708],{"type":926},"For security teams researching browser-based solutions to these challenges, the decision at first looks like a fork in the road: ",{"data":4711,"marks":4712,"value":4713,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Choose a solution that's purpose-built to detect and respond to modern browser-based attacks like AI-enabled phish kits, ClickFix and other *Fix-style attacks, malicious browser extensions, device code phishing, and others; ",{"data":4715,"marks":4716,"value":4718,"nodeType":865},{},[4717],{"type":898},"or",{"data":4720,"marks":4721,"value":4722,"nodeType":865},{},[]," select an AI governance tool to enforce sensible policies for sensitive data in the browser.",{"data":4724,"content":4725,"nodeType":866},{},[4726],{"data":4727,"marks":4728,"value":4729,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push solves both of these problems. One platform, one SKU.",{"data":4731,"content":4732,"nodeType":866},{},[4733],{"data":4734,"marks":4735,"value":4736,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we'll take a look at the two big AI security and data governance problems that security teams are facing and outline how Push solves them in a single solution. We’ll cover what questions to ask as you evaluate browser security solutions, and describe Push's focus on providing foundational telemetry, detections, and controls that allow you to answer the question “What actually happened here?” not just “What policy was violated?”",{"data":4738,"content":4739,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":4741,"content":4742,"nodeType":981},{},[4743],{"data":4744,"marks":4745,"value":4747,"nodeType":865},{},[4746],{"type":926},"The AI risks every security team is now responsible for",{"data":4749,"content":4750,"nodeType":866},{},[4751],{"data":4752,"marks":4753,"value":4754,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is an amplifier, for adversaries and for your employees. Whatever they could do before, they can now do faster, more powerfully, and at scale.",{"data":4756,"content":4757,"nodeType":866},{},[4758],{"data":4759,"marks":4760,"value":4761,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The two risks that every security team now must manage: ",{"data":4763,"content":4764,"nodeType":1616},{},[4765,4775],{"data":4766,"content":4767,"nodeType":1570},{},[4768],{"data":4769,"content":4770,"nodeType":866},{},[4771],{"data":4772,"marks":4773,"value":4774,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is making browser-based attacks faster, cheaper, and harder to detect.",{"data":4776,"content":4777,"nodeType":1570},{},[4778],{"data":4779,"content":4780,"nodeType":866},{},[4781],{"data":4782,"marks":4783,"value":4784,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employee AI adoption is creating data exposure faster than security teams can respond.",{"data":4786,"content":4787,"nodeType":866},{},[4788],{"data":4789,"marks":4790,"value":4791,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both of these challenges intersect in the same place: The browser. It's the place where adversaries target employees with modern attacks designed to accomplish account takeover and data exfiltration. It's also the place where workers discover and use new AI-enabled apps and introduce risk into the business in the form of data loss, shadow apps, risky browser extensions, and shadow integrations.",{"data":4793,"content":4794,"nodeType":866},{},[4795],{"data":4796,"marks":4797,"value":4798,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To address both problems, security teams need visibility and control in the browser.",{"data":4800,"content":4804,"nodeType":912},{"target":4801},{"sys":4802},{"id":4803,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1U2Hmn4XrFpdcxyjxY3aCc",[],{"data":4806,"content":4807,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":4809,"content":4810,"nodeType":981},{},[4811],{"data":4812,"marks":4813,"value":4815,"nodeType":865},{},[4814],{"type":926},"How AI is transforming attacks",{"data":4817,"content":4818,"nodeType":866},{},[4819],{"data":4820,"marks":4821,"value":4822,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the adversary side of the equation, adversaries are using AI tooling to rapidly iterate on new attack types or new iterations of existing browser-based TTPs that target employees to achieve account or endpoint compromise — usually with the end goal of harvesting valuable corporate identities in order to exfiltrate data or hold it for ransom.",{"data":4824,"content":4828,"nodeType":912},{"target":4825},{"sys":4826},{"id":4827,"type":909,"linkType":910},"G8xv1seFz1wJnY5HpfV6z",[],{"data":4830,"content":4831,"nodeType":866},{},[4832],{"data":4833,"marks":4834,"value":4835,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is changing attacks in three key ways.",{"data":4837,"content":4838,"nodeType":1317},{},[4839],{"data":4840,"marks":4841,"value":4843,"nodeType":865},{},[4842],{"type":926},"AI has supercharged the iteration and evolution of adversary tools and techniques",{"data":4845,"content":4846,"nodeType":866},{},[4847,4851,4860,4864,4872],{"data":4848,"marks":4849,"value":4850,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are using the same AI capabilities as any other engineer who wants to multiply their output. That translates to an array of new attack techniques: multiple increasingly sophisticated variations of the ",{"data":4852,"content":4854,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4853},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-v3-analyzing-a-new-toolkit/",[4855],{"data":4856,"marks":4857,"value":4859,"nodeType":865},{},[4858],{"type":943},"ClickFix-style attacks",{"data":4861,"marks":4862,"value":4863,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that use social engineering techniques to get users to unknowingly install malware via malicious scripts; as well as creative ",{"data":4865,"content":4866,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},[4867],{"data":4868,"marks":4869,"value":4871,"nodeType":865},{},[4870],{"type":943},"exploitation of device codes",{"data":4873,"marks":4874,"value":4875,"nodeType":865},{},[],", a legitimate authentication mechanism, that allows attackers to phish access post-authentication.",{"data":4877,"content":4878,"nodeType":866},{},[4879,4883,4891],{"data":4880,"marks":4881,"value":4882,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Device code phishing in particular demonstrates the rapid growth of new techniques, with early documented appearances of the TTP occurring in 2024, and by early the next year, the method had been packaged as a PhaaS offering with GPT-enhanced spear-phishing and customized landing pages. The ",{"data":4884,"content":4886,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4885},"https://www.huntress.com/blog/device-code-phishing-ai-mfa-bypass",[4887],{"data":4888,"marks":4889,"value":4890,"nodeType":865},{},[],"campaign",{"data":4892,"marks":4893,"value":4894,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeted more than 340 organizations across five countries in March 2026, using personalized AI-generated lures at a scale that would have been impractical to produce manually.",{"data":4896,"content":4900,"nodeType":912},{"target":4897},{"sys":4898},{"id":4899,"type":909,"linkType":910},"eNUpU2GtGOcXRrHBKHnLN",[],{"data":4902,"content":4903,"nodeType":1317},{},[4904],{"data":4905,"marks":4906,"value":4908,"nodeType":865},{},[4907],{"type":926},"Infrastructure-based detections are increasingly degraded by AI-enabled approaches",{"data":4910,"content":4911,"nodeType":866},{},[4912],{"data":4913,"marks":4914,"value":4915,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI has also collapsed the cost and time it takes to build convincing phishing infrastructure: Attackers can vibecode a convincing phishing page in minutes, burn the domain, and regenerate another one before any blocklist updates. ",{"data":4917,"content":4921,"nodeType":912},{"target":4918},{"sys":4919},{"id":4920,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2obvOhMWjy64h94tEIbx04",[],{"data":4923,"content":4924,"nodeType":866},{},[4925,4929,4938],{"data":4926,"marks":4927,"value":4928,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The impact on IOC-based detections that rely on infrastructure elements is severe: When elements constantly change, every phishing attack is essentially a zero-day. Complicating the picture further is the increasing use of legitimate cloud platforms like ",{"data":4930,"content":4932,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4931},"https://www.huntress.com/blog/railway-paas-m365-token-replay-campaign",[4933],{"data":4934,"marks":4935,"value":4937,"nodeType":865},{},[4936],{"type":943},"Railway",{"data":4939,"marks":4940,"value":4941,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Cloudflare Workers, and Vercel, which attackers use to host and dynamically rotate attack infrastructure.",{"data":4943,"content":4944,"nodeType":1317},{},[4945],{"data":4946,"marks":4947,"value":4949,"nodeType":865},{},[4948],{"type":926},"AI is making it easier to build and run omni-channel campaigns",{"data":4951,"content":4952,"nodeType":866},{},[4953],{"data":4954,"marks":4955,"value":4956,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push researchers have written extensively over the last year about malvertising campaigns that serve malicious pages to users via search engine results, enticing them to visit sites designed to steal credentials or deliver malware. ",{"data":4958,"content":4959,"nodeType":866},{},[4960,4964,4973,4977,4984],{"data":4961,"marks":4962,"value":4963,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've tracked ",{"data":4965,"content":4967,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4966},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis/",[4968],{"data":4969,"marks":4970,"value":4972,"nodeType":865},{},[4971],{"type":943},"sustained campaigns",{"data":4974,"marks":4975,"value":4976,"nodeType":865},{},[]," impersonating Onfido, TradingView, Ahrefs, Semrush, and others. These campaigns are part of a self-reinforcing criminal ecosystem: Malvertising campaigns paid for by stolen ad accounts, with credential theft that funds the next round of credential theft. And the recent ",{"data":4978,"content":4979,"nodeType":889},{"uri":883},[4980],{"data":4981,"marks":4982,"value":4983,"nodeType":865},{},[],"LLMShare",{"data":4985,"marks":4986,"value":4987,"nodeType":865},{},[]," campaign identified by Push shows how attackers are combining their abuse of AI tools of AI-assisted phishing page creation with malvertising, helping them to spin up lookalike pages quickly and cheaply to serve as convincing lures.",{"data":4989,"content":4993,"nodeType":912},{"target":4990},{"sys":4991},{"id":4992,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2Gwj25KBjClQ5u8uiEYuYR",[],{"data":4995,"content":4996,"nodeType":866},{},[4997,5001,5006],{"data":4998,"marks":4999,"value":5000,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are just a few examples of how phishing has moved beyond the inbox, targeting users through malvertising, SEO poisoning, and social media DMs. Over the last year, Push researchers found that ",{"data":5002,"marks":5003,"value":5005,"nodeType":865},{},[5004],{"type":926},"1 in 3 payloads intercepted by the platform were sent outside of email",{"data":5007,"marks":5008,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":5010,"content":5011,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":5013,"content":5014,"nodeType":981},{},[5015],{"data":5016,"marks":5017,"value":5019,"nodeType":865},{},[5018],{"type":926},"How AI is creating risky employee behaviors ",{"data":5021,"content":5022,"nodeType":866},{},[5023],{"data":5024,"marks":5025,"value":5026,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Meanwhile, on the employee side of the equation, there are three other key concerns that security teams should be paying attention to when it comes to the risks associated with AI use.",{"data":5028,"content":5031,"nodeType":912},{"target":5029},{"sys":5030},{"id":1496,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":5033,"content":5034,"nodeType":1317},{},[5035,5040,5043],{"data":5036,"marks":5037,"value":5039,"nodeType":865},{},[5038],{"type":926},"Data leaving the business via shadow AI",{"data":5041,"marks":5042,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":5044,"marks":5045,"value":5047,"nodeType":865},{},[5046],{"type":926},"and AI extensions",{"data":5049,"content":5050,"nodeType":866},{},[5051],{"data":5052,"marks":5053,"value":5054,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employees are signing up to AI tools directly, beyond the bounds of procurement or security review. That means security teams can't see sensitive data going into LLMs — clipboard pastes of API keys, file uploads to coding assistants, customer data in uploaded spreadsheets, etc.",{"data":5056,"content":5057,"nodeType":866},{},[5058],{"data":5059,"marks":5060,"value":5061,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most teams also don't have visibility of AI browser extensions, another avenue for data to leave the business. Extensions are also an attack surface in their own right, as previously benign extensions can be compromised by threat actors through account takeover of the extension developer.",{"data":5063,"content":5064,"nodeType":1317},{},[5065,5070],{"data":5066,"marks":5067,"value":5069,"nodeType":865},{},[5068],{"type":926},"Employees using personal accounts on corporate AI app tenants",{"data":5071,"marks":5072,"value":5073,"nodeType":865},{},[]," ",{"data":5075,"content":5076,"nodeType":866},{},[5077,5081,5089],{"data":5078,"marks":5079,"value":5080,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The 2026 ",{"data":5082,"content":5083,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1063},[5084],{"data":5085,"marks":5086,"value":5088,"nodeType":865},{},[5087],{"type":943},"Verizon DBIR",{"data":5090,"marks":5091,"value":5092,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found that 67% of GenAI users on corporate devices are using non-corporate accounts, and our own data shows that 38% of file uploads to AI tools are made from shadow accounts rather than approved organizational ones.",{"data":5094,"content":5095,"nodeType":866},{},[5096],{"data":5097,"marks":5098,"value":5099,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That means a large number of employees in most organizations are using AI apps with personal accounts, outside of organizational data governance, retention policies, access controls, or basic security oversight. ",{"data":5101,"content":5102,"nodeType":866},{},[5103],{"data":5104,"marks":5105,"value":5106,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The compounding risk is that personal accounts are typically protected by weaker passwords, inconsistent MFA, and credential reuse from other personal services — meaning a compromise of the personal account could give an attacker access to corporate data and tools.",{"data":5108,"content":5109,"nodeType":1317},{},[5110],{"data":5111,"marks":5112,"value":5114,"nodeType":865},{},[5113],{"type":926},"Shadow integrations between AI tools and corporate systems",{"data":5116,"content":5117,"nodeType":866},{},[5118],{"data":5119,"marks":5120,"value":5121,"nodeType":865},{},[],"App-to-app connections accomplished through OAuth are also proliferating faster than most teams can observe and review them. For the average organization, Push sees 17 unique AI app OAuth integrations connected just to Microsoft and Google corporate tenants.",{"data":5123,"content":5124,"nodeType":866},{},[5125,5128,5136],{"data":5126,"marks":5127,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":5129,"content":5130,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3841},[5131],{"data":5132,"marks":5133,"value":5135,"nodeType":865},{},[5134],{"type":943},"recent Vercel breach",{"data":5137,"marks":5138,"value":5139,"nodeType":865},{},[]," illustrates the risks of even a single OAuth connection from a compromised third-party AI SaaS provider. This isn't really a new AI threat so much as a shadow SaaS problem that's accelerating alongside AI adoption, given that AI apps are specifically designed to pull data from one system, analyze it in another, and present it in a third — with MCP connections now creating the same kind of persistent, permissioned access through an authentication protocol (OAuth) that most organizations have no process to review.",{"data":5141,"content":5145,"nodeType":912},{"target":5142},{"sys":5143},{"id":5144,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1t2jn4fLxMlH0adMyQqkXk",[],{"data":5147,"content":5148,"nodeType":866},{},[5149],{"data":5150,"marks":5151,"value":5152,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is the same web of OAuth-connected apps that is being exposed at scale through AI tool integrations. For many organizations, AI tools are now the hub of modern activity that orchestrates and automates across the mesh of cloud apps, which adds a useful perspective on what's changed. ",{"data":5154,"content":5158,"nodeType":912},{"target":5155},{"sys":5156},{"id":5157,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6cRnPkGdwWXRWcct6LfMzo",[],{"data":5160,"content":5164,"nodeType":912},{"target":5161},{"sys":5162},{"id":5163,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5WQZNpnPETWeys1VqubVW",[],{"data":5166,"content":5167,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":5169,"content":5170,"nodeType":981},{},[5171],{"data":5172,"marks":5173,"value":5175,"nodeType":865},{},[5174],{"type":926},"What to ask when evaluating browser-based AI visibility and control solutions",{"data":5177,"content":5178,"nodeType":866},{},[5179],{"data":5180,"marks":5181,"value":5182,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When you're evaluating AI visibility and control platforms that operate in the browser, there are two lines of questioning that can be useful to unpack.",{"data":5184,"content":5185,"nodeType":866},{},[5186],{"data":5187,"marks":5188,"value":5189,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first is the tactical basics: What use cases does the product cover, and how quickly will you see value? In this category, you'll likely be looking for:",{"data":5191,"content":5192,"nodeType":1616},{},[5193,5208,5223,5238],{"data":5194,"content":5195,"nodeType":1570},{},[5196],{"data":5197,"content":5198,"nodeType":866},{},[5199,5204],{"data":5200,"marks":5201,"value":5203,"nodeType":865},{},[5202],{"type":926},"Depth of visibility:",{"data":5205,"marks":5206,"value":5207,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Can the solution observe both corporate and personal account usage of AI apps? Does the solution work with all major browsers, including emerging AI browsers? Does the solution automatically classify AI apps and automatically discover shadow AI?",{"data":5209,"content":5210,"nodeType":1570},{},[5211],{"data":5212,"content":5213,"nodeType":866},{},[5214,5219],{"data":5215,"marks":5216,"value":5218,"nodeType":865},{},[5217],{"type":926},"Granularity of controls:",{"data":5220,"marks":5221,"value":5222,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Does the solution support visibility and control over clipboard interactions, allowing you to identify sensitive data strings like personal access tokens (PATs) or API keys? Does the solution allow you to set multiple enforcement modes (monitor, warn, block) and carve out exceptions for tools, teams and individuals where necessary? ",{"data":5224,"content":5225,"nodeType":1570},{},[5226],{"data":5227,"content":5228,"nodeType":866},{},[5229,5234],{"data":5230,"marks":5231,"value":5233,"nodeType":865},{},[5232],{"type":926},"Ease of deployment:",{"data":5235,"marks":5236,"value":5237,"nodeType":865},{},[]," How is the solution deployed? Browser extension-based solutions like Push can be deployed at scale in an hour. Solutions that require an endpoint agent or a complete browser replacement will be a heavier lift.",{"data":5239,"content":5240,"nodeType":1570},{},[5241],{"data":5242,"content":5243,"nodeType":866},{},[5244,5249],{"data":5245,"marks":5246,"value":5248,"nodeType":865},{},[5247],{"type":926},"Scope of coverage:",{"data":5250,"marks":5251,"value":5252,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Does the solution only enforce policy around AI usage, or does it also prevent AI-enabled attacks in the browser? ",{"data":5254,"content":5255,"nodeType":866},{},[5256],{"data":5257,"marks":5258,"value":5259,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The second set of questions is more about the underlying architectural choices a product has made, and how those translate into actionable intelligence for security teams — or where there may be blind spots. In this category, you will want to ask:",{"data":5261,"content":5262,"nodeType":1317},{},[5263],{"data":5264,"marks":5265,"value":5266,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Does the tool capture AI interactions that didn’t trigger a policy violation — or only the ones it blocked?",{"data":5268,"content":5269,"nodeType":866},{},[5270],{"data":5271,"marks":5272,"value":5273,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is the most useful diagnostic if you're focused on understanding the wider security meaning and impact of an AI interaction, not just whether it violated a policy. ",{"data":5275,"content":5276,"nodeType":866},{},[5277],{"data":5278,"marks":5279,"value":5280,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Enforcement-first tools record what they stopped: blocked uploads, attempted usage of unapproved apps, flagged file names, etc. ",{"data":5282,"content":5283,"nodeType":866},{},[5284,5288,5293],{"data":5285,"marks":5286,"value":5287,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That's useful for compliance reporting but incomplete for security investigation, because ",{"data":5289,"marks":5290,"value":5292,"nodeType":865},{},[5291],{"type":926},"the most significant events are often the ones that looked normal at the time",{"data":5294,"marks":5295,"value":5296,"nodeType":865},{},[],": A user whose behavior shifted gradually over weeks before a resignation. An approved AI browser extension that updates its permissions, putting it in risky territory. An OAuth consent grant that was technically permitted but shouldn't have been.",{"data":5298,"content":5299,"nodeType":866},{},[5300],{"data":5301,"marks":5302,"value":5303,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ask whether the tool can collect user behavior telemetry, file upload and download activity, and AI usage logs for permitted events — not just policy violations — and whether that telemetry can be forwarded to your SIEM. ",{"data":5305,"content":5306,"nodeType":866},{},[5307],{"data":5308,"marks":5309,"value":5310,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One approach gives you an investigation tool. The other gives you compliance alerts without deeper context.",{"data":5312,"content":5313,"nodeType":1317},{},[5314],{"data":5315,"marks":5316,"value":5317,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When an AI agent requests OAuth permissions to access your organization's data, does the tool capture the consent flow — what scopes were requested on which app, which user initiated the consent, and what was the outcome?",{"data":5319,"content":5320,"nodeType":866},{},[5321],{"data":5322,"marks":5323,"value":5324,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most enforcement-first tools treat OAuth as a binary: approved app or blocked app. That was a reasonable model when OAuth grants were primarily app-to-app integrations managed by IT. It isn't sufficient for agentic AI.",{"data":5326,"content":5327,"nodeType":866},{},[5328],{"data":5329,"marks":5330,"value":5331,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI agents request OAuth permissions to access organizational data on behalf of users. These are user-initiated consent grants that happen inside browser sessions, often with broad scopes, and frequently without security team awareness. The right tool needs to capture the consent event itself: what permissions were requested, what scopes were granted, who approved them, and what application received them. ",{"data":5333,"content":5334,"nodeType":866},{},[5335],{"data":5336,"marks":5337,"value":5338,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ask whether the tool monitors OAuth consent flows across authorization servers, whether it can warn or block consent grants in real time based on policy, and whether that coverage extends to AI-enabled apps and MCP connections.",{"data":5340,"content":5341,"nodeType":1317},{},[5342],{"data":5343,"marks":5344,"value":5345,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a new browser attack technique emerges that no tool has a signature for, how long does it take the platform to detect it — and can you show a specific example?",{"data":5347,"content":5348,"nodeType":866},{},[5349],{"data":5350,"marks":5351,"value":5352,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are rotating infrastructure in hours and using AI to generate new lures and phishing pages at scale. A detection model built on blocklists, reputation feeds, and known-bad indicators is architecturally behind any novel technique because by the time the indicator appears on a feed, the attacker has already moved on.",{"data":5354,"content":5355,"nodeType":866},{},[5356],{"data":5357,"marks":5358,"value":5359,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ask vendors to show you a specific detection that fired on a novel technique before the infrastructure appeared on any threat feed.",{"data":5361,"content":5362,"nodeType":1317},{},[5363],{"data":5364,"marks":5365,"value":5366,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What browser telemetry reaches your SIEM — just alerts, or the underlying session data that makes those alerts investigable?",{"data":5368,"content":5369,"nodeType":866},{},[5370],{"data":5371,"marks":5372,"value":5373,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ask to see a sample SIEM event from a real detection. Many browser security tools integrate with SIEMs, but the depth of what they forward varies a lot. ",{"data":5375,"content":5376,"nodeType":866},{},[5377],{"data":5378,"marks":5379,"value":5380,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Some send alert metadata that captures policy violations, timestamps, and involved users. Others forward a broader set of telemetry for deeper context — credential reuse, app logins, newly installed extensions, detected phishing kits, file uploads, clipboard activity, OAuth consent flows, file downloads, etc. ",{"data":5382,"content":5383,"nodeType":866},{},[5384],{"data":5385,"marks":5386,"value":5387,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The difference determines whether your SOC team can easily correlate signals from the browser-based tool with other layers of their stack and begin an investigation from the SIEM event itself — or whether they need to pivot back into the vendor's console for the actual evidence.",{"data":5389,"content":5390,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":5392,"content":5393,"nodeType":981},{},[5394],{"data":5395,"marks":5396,"value":5398,"nodeType":865},{},[5397],{"type":926},"AI visibility and control is a feature of the right browser security platform, not a separate purchase",{"data":5400,"content":5401,"nodeType":866},{},[5402],{"data":5403,"marks":5404,"value":5405,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ultimately, the choice of browser platform for solving the two big problems of the AI era comes down to whether you need broader attack coverage and telemetry context in order to secure your organization, or whether a policy-based approach is enough. ",{"data":5407,"content":5408,"nodeType":866},{},[5409,5413],{"data":5410,"marks":5411,"value":5412,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push treats the challenges of stopping AI-enabled attacks and providing visibility and control over AI usage as features that extend naturally from the platform's underlying architectural model: Rich browser-layer telemetry in ",{"data":5414,"marks":5415,"value":5417,"nodeType":865},{},[5416],{"type":926},"a single tool that helps security teams answer the question “What actually happened here?” not just “What policy was violated?”",{"data":5419,"content":5420,"nodeType":866},{},[5421],{"data":5422,"marks":5423,"value":5424,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This unified architecture matters because the AI control problem and the browser threat detection problem share a root cause: Security-relevant activity is happening inside browser sessions that most tools can't see. ",{"data":5426,"content":5427,"nodeType":866},{},[5428],{"data":5429,"marks":5430,"value":5431,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A standalone AI governance tool can tell you which AI apps are in use and whether employees violated a usage policy. It can't tell you whether the OAuth grant an AI agent just received was part of a broader pattern that includes credential entry on an unfamiliar domain, a clipboard paste from an internal document, and a login to a shadow SaaS app — all in the same session, all visible in the same telemetry stream. ",{"data":5433,"content":5434,"nodeType":866},{},[5435],{"data":5436,"marks":5437,"value":5438,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Separating AI governance from browser security means maintaining two tools that each only see half the picture. ",{"data":5440,"content":5441,"nodeType":1317},{},[5442],{"data":5443,"marks":5444,"value":5445,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How Push can help",{"data":5447,"content":5448,"nodeType":1616},{},[5449,5472,5495,5517,5527,5537,5547],{"data":5450,"content":5451,"nodeType":1570},{},[5452],{"data":5453,"content":5454,"nodeType":866},{},[5455,5459,5468],{"data":5456,"marks":5457,"value":5458,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block emerging ",{"data":5460,"content":5462,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5461},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-the-browser-and-identity-attacks-matrix/",[5463],{"data":5464,"marks":5465,"value":5467,"nodeType":865},{},[5466],{"type":943},"browser-based attack techniques",{"data":5469,"marks":5470,"value":5471,"nodeType":865},{},[],", including AI-enabled phishing and quickly evolving *Fix-style attacks.",{"data":5473,"content":5474,"nodeType":1570},{},[5475],{"data":5476,"content":5477,"nodeType":866},{},[5478,5482,5491],{"data":5479,"marks":5480,"value":5481,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Benefit from Push's ",{"data":5483,"content":5485,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5484},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline/",[5486],{"data":5487,"marks":5488,"value":5490,"nodeType":865},{},[5489],{"type":943},"agentic detection pipeline",{"data":5492,"marks":5493,"value":5494,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which continuously hunts across customer environments to identify emerging threats and ship new detections.",{"data":5496,"content":5497,"nodeType":1570},{},[5498],{"data":5499,"content":5500,"nodeType":866},{},[5501,5504,5513],{"data":5502,"marks":5503,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":5505,"content":5507,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5506},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/engineering/rest-v1",[5508],{"data":5509,"marks":5510,"value":5512,"nodeType":865},{},[5511],{"type":943},"Stream telemetry",{"data":5514,"marks":5515,"value":5516,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to your SIEM for a wide variety of events, including attack detections; newly installed browser extensions or newly adopted apps; updates to extension permissions; file uploads and downloads; clipboard pastes; app logins; credential reuse; OAuth consents; and more.",{"data":5518,"content":5519,"nodeType":1570},{},[5520],{"data":5521,"content":5522,"nodeType":866},{},[5523],{"data":5524,"marks":5525,"value":5526,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block file uploads and downloads.",{"data":5528,"content":5529,"nodeType":1570},{},[5530],{"data":5531,"content":5532,"nodeType":866},{},[5533],{"data":5534,"marks":5535,"value":5536,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block clipboard pastes of sensitive data, with regex-based patterns you can define.",{"data":5538,"content":5539,"nodeType":1570},{},[5540],{"data":5541,"content":5542,"nodeType":866},{},[5543],{"data":5544,"marks":5545,"value":5546,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Monitor for or block unauthorized MCP connections.",{"data":5548,"content":5549,"nodeType":1570},{},[5550],{"data":5551,"content":5552,"nodeType":866},{},[5553,5557,5566],{"data":5554,"marks":5555,"value":5556,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Write your own ",{"data":5558,"content":5560,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5559},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/engineering/resources/custom-detections",[5561],{"data":5562,"marks":5563,"value":5565,"nodeType":865},{},[5564],{"type":943},"custom YAML rules",{"data":5567,"marks":5568,"value":5569,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeting specific elements of the page DOM, web requests and responses, HTTP headers such as cookies, and a lot more.",{"data":5571,"content":5572,"nodeType":866},{},[5573],{"data":5574,"marks":5575,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":5577,"content":5581,"nodeType":912},{"target":5578},{"sys":5579},{"id":5580,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7AwQv7bLbARq6mdAgv7uGq",[],{"data":5583,"content":5584,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":5586,"content":5587,"nodeType":866},{},[5588,5592,5600],{"data":5589,"marks":5590,"value":5591,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you'd like to learn more about Push, ",{"data":5593,"content":5594,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[5595],{"data":5596,"marks":5597,"value":5599,"nodeType":865},{},[5598],{"type":943},"book a live demo",{"data":5601,"marks":5602,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":5604},{"hyperlink":5605,"inline":5606,"block":5607},[],[],[5608,5614,5640,5667,5692,5697,5705,5732,5739,5776],{"sys":5609,"__typename":1390,"title":5610,"caption":5610,"layoutMode":59,"file":5611},{"id":4803},"The browser is the natural control point for both AI-enabled attacks targeting employees and AI tool usage that introduces risk into organizations. ",{"url":5612,"width":1402,"height":5613},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3vtPqgrZRuVxkVKw9sGLor/ce1d265590cfc23848e25b03fb3ed5a2/image4.png",1142,{"sys":5615,"__typename":5616,"content":5617,"name":5639,"title":59},{"id":4827},"InsightTextBlockComponent",{"json":5618},{"data":5619,"content":5620,"nodeType":1382},{},[5621],{"data":5622,"content":5623,"nodeType":866},{},[5624,5628,5636],{"data":5625,"marks":5626,"value":5627,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn how AI-enabled attacks are making infrastructure-based detection increasingly ineffective in our ",{"data":5629,"content":5631,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5630},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-pyramid-of-pain-in-the-ai-era/",[5632],{"data":5633,"marks":5634,"value":5635,"nodeType":865},{},[],"update on the Pyramid of Pain concept for 2026",{"data":5637,"marks":5638,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI Browser Control IB1",{"sys":5641,"__typename":5616,"content":5642,"name":5666,"title":59},{"id":4899},{"json":5643},{"data":5644,"content":5645,"nodeType":1382},{},[5646],{"data":5647,"content":5648,"nodeType":866},{},[5649,5653,5662],{"data":5650,"marks":5651,"value":5652,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Nearly every phishing toolkit that Push encounters in the wild today displays the fingerprints of AI use. Check out our ",{"data":5654,"content":5656,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5655},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/inside-criminal-phishing-panel/",[5657],{"data":5658,"marks":5659,"value":5661,"nodeType":865},{},[5660],{"type":943},"recent analysis",{"data":5663,"marks":5664,"value":5665,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of Doko's Panel, a real-time vishing and AiTM kit, for a under-the-hood look at this. ","AI Browser Control IB3",{"sys":5668,"__typename":5616,"content":5669,"name":5691,"title":59},{"id":4920},{"json":5670},{"data":5671,"content":5672,"nodeType":1382},{},[5673],{"data":5674,"content":5675,"nodeType":866},{},[5676,5679,5687],{"data":5677,"marks":5678,"value":3456,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":5680,"content":5681,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3595},[5682],{"data":5683,"marks":5684,"value":5686,"nodeType":865},{},[5685],{"type":943},"Spamhaus",{"data":5688,"marks":5689,"value":5690,"nodeType":865},{},[],", 89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days, with just 6.5% surviving past 15 days. That means that if you're primarily looking at static indicators, you're already behind. IOC-based detections can't keep up with how quickly attackers can rotate infrastructure.","AI Browser Control IB2",{"sys":5693,"__typename":1390,"title":5694,"caption":5695,"layoutMode":59,"file":5696},{"id":4992},"LLMShare example","The recent LLMShare campaign shows how attackers are abusing AI tools, legitimate pages, and malvertising. ",{"url":1401,"width":1402,"height":1403},{"sys":5698,"__typename":1390,"title":5699,"caption":5700,"layoutMode":59,"file":5701},{"id":1496},"ai-sprawl-infographic","AI sprawl is worse than most organizations realize. ",{"url":5702,"width":5703,"height":5704},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7vCbQdyRkjLs5EmsjBBAQp/3bfb13e7ec19be76325cdc69297c48c3/ai-sprawl-infographic_2x__3_.png",1800,1192,{"sys":5706,"__typename":5616,"content":5707,"name":5731,"title":59},{"id":5144},{"json":5708},{"nodeType":1382,"data":5709,"content":5710},{},[5711],{"nodeType":866,"data":5712,"content":5713},{},[5714,5718,5727],{"nodeType":865,"value":5715,"marks":5716,"data":5717},"The Vercel breach isn't an isolated incident. ShinyHunters demonstrated the breadth and scale of ",[],{},{"nodeType":889,"data":5719,"content":5721},{"uri":5720},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach/#id-vector-3-oauth-supply-chain-attacks-through-compromised-integrators",[5722],{"nodeType":865,"value":5723,"marks":5724,"data":5726},"OAuth-targeted attacks last year",[5725],{"type":943},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":5728,"marks":5729,"data":5730},", impacting more than 1,000 organizations in targeted campaigns against Salesloft/Drift. Adversaries compromised Salesloft’s GitHub environment, stole Drift OAuth tokens, and used them to access downstream Salesforce environments. The same pattern was later repeated at Gainsight.",[],{},"AI Browser Control IB5",{"sys":5733,"__typename":1390,"title":5734,"caption":5734,"layoutMode":59,"file":5735},{"id":5157},"AI tools are the hub of the modern workplace. ",{"url":5736,"width":5737,"height":5738},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7mRgALIClC1R2Cmuu7xKse/cdaf8cbb26a54ad75b7d52a8c92b1f84/Group_737.png",6824,4280,{"sys":5740,"__typename":5616,"content":5741,"name":5775,"title":59},{"id":5163},{"json":5742},{"nodeType":1382,"data":5743,"content":5744},{},[5745,5757,5764],{"nodeType":866,"data":5746,"content":5747},{},[5748,5753],{"nodeType":865,"value":5749,"marks":5750,"data":5752},"A word on prompt injection: ",[5751],{"type":926},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":5754,"marks":5755,"data":5756},"Prompt injection is a serious and structurally difficult to solve problem, and one AI researchers and the security industry are still working out how to defend against. ",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":5758,"content":5759},{},[5760],{"nodeType":865,"value":5761,"marks":5762,"data":5763},"High-impact attacks of this kind are still rare in the wild, but the building blocks are all demonstrated and the attack surface is growing as agentic browsers and in-app AI features proliferate. The threat is evolving quickly and detections are still limited, so it pays to start with the controls that hold up regardless of how attacks evolve. ",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":5765,"content":5766},{},[5767,5771],{"nodeType":865,"value":5768,"marks":5769,"data":5770},"This starts with k",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":5772,"marks":5773,"data":5774},"nowing which AI browsers, extensions, and assistants employees are using, which SaaS apps have AI features enabled, and what OAuth scopes those AIs have been granted. The blast radius of any successful prompt injection is exactly the data and actions those grants permit, so visibility into AI tooling and AI-connected identity is the foundation that any further defense builds on.",[],{},"AI Browser Control IB4",{"sys":5777,"__typename":5778,"title":5779,"arcadeDemoUrl":5780,"playText":5781},{"id":5580},"ArcadeDemo","Secure AI apps demo","https://demo.arcade.software/ibou7WyNSvBX4uRpK25H?embed","2 mins",{"items":5783},[],{},"Why browser visibility and control is key to AI security",{"items":5787},[5788,6571,7377],{"__typename":1429,"sys":5789,"content":5791,"title":6551,"synopsis":6552,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":6553,"slug":6554,"tagsCollection":6555,"authorsCollection":6563},{"id":5790},"5RDOpmzJolwT1hk0fNIxzf",{"json":5792},{"data":5793,"content":5794,"nodeType":1382},{},[5795,5814,5820,5827,5834,5837,5845,5864,5883,5890,5896,5903,5909,5916,5924,5931,5949,5978,5984,5990,5998,6005,6023,6053,6085,6092,6098,6106,6113,6124,6131,6171,6177,6218,6257,6263,6266,6274,6281,6287,6294,6301,6307,6314,6321,6349,6352,6360,6367,6375,6382,6389,6408,6415,6421,6428,6436,6443,6461,6468,6487,6490,6498,6505,6512,6519,6522,6528,6534],{"data":5796,"content":5797,"nodeType":866},{},[5798,5802,5810],{"data":5799,"marks":5800,"value":5801,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Back in 2024, we wrote about ",{"data":5803,"content":5805,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5804},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters/",[5806],{"data":5807,"marks":5808,"value":5809,"nodeType":865},{},[],"how the Pyramid of Pain shapes Push's detection philosophy",{"data":5811,"marks":5812,"value":5813,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — detections targeting indicators that are easy for attackers to change deliver diminishing returns, while detections targeting attacker techniques impose a cost that's hard to absorb. Two years on, every force that made IoC-based detection fragile has intensified.",{"data":5815,"content":5819,"nodeType":912},{"target":5816},{"sys":5817},{"id":5818,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1iuLYxwI8T1wDUIFSom0G0",[],{"data":5821,"content":5822,"nodeType":866},{},[5823],{"data":5824,"marks":5825,"value":5826,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI hasn't introduced a new problem so much as it's compressed the timelines on an existing one — attackers can generate infrastructure, iterate on tooling, and industrialize newly discovered techniques faster than before. The bottom layers of the Pyramid are collapsing under the weight of machine-speed operations, and the middle layers are starting to buckle too.",{"data":5828,"content":5829,"nodeType":866},{},[5830],{"data":5831,"marks":5832,"value":5833,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These changes mean that technique-level detection is more important than ever. In this article, we’ll dig into how the Pyramid is changing, and what this means for our detection philosophy at Push (TL;DR — it reinforces the path we’re already on: building detections at the top of the Pyramid by harnessing browser visibility). ",{"data":5835,"content":5836,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":5838,"content":5839,"nodeType":981},{},[5840],{"data":5841,"marks":5842,"value":5844,"nodeType":865},{},[5843],{"type":926},"The bottom of the Pyramid was already crumbling",{"data":5846,"content":5847,"nodeType":866},{},[5848,5852,5860],{"data":5849,"marks":5850,"value":5851,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The case against indicator-based detection didn't need AI to be compelling. ",{"data":5853,"content":5855,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5854},"https://www.spamhaus.org/",[5856],{"data":5857,"marks":5858,"value":5859,"nodeType":865},{},[],"89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days",{"data":5861,"marks":5862,"value":5863,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with just 6.5% surviving past 15 days — by the time a domain makes it onto a blocklist, the campaign has moved on.",{"data":5865,"content":5866,"nodeType":866},{},[5867,5871,5879],{"data":5868,"marks":5869,"value":5870,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've ",{"data":5872,"content":5874,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5873},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-most-phishing-attacks-feel-like-a-zero-day/",[5875],{"data":5876,"marks":5877,"value":5878,"nodeType":865},{},[],"written before",{"data":5880,"marks":5881,"value":5882,"nodeType":865},{},[]," about how this makes every phishing attack effectively a zero-day for organizations relying on known-bad detection. The phishing kit's behavior — its page structure, script signatures, malicious payload mechanics — is the only detection target that outlasts a single campaign.",{"data":5884,"content":5885,"nodeType":866},{},[5886],{"data":5887,"marks":5888,"value":5889,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we blogged about the Pyramid of Pain for modern attacks that happen predominantly over the internet, with minimal (or zero) endpoint contact, it first looked like this: ",{"data":5891,"content":5895,"nodeType":912},{"target":5892},{"sys":5893},{"id":5894,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2N04ycJ6RKGfHdX5X1TwU3",[],{"data":5897,"content":5898,"nodeType":866},{},[5899],{"data":5900,"marks":5901,"value":5902,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now, it looks more like this:",{"data":5904,"content":5908,"nodeType":912},{"target":5905},{"sys":5906},{"id":5907,"type":909,"linkType":910},"mfhP4WToOQkrHnVkXU0tX",[],{"data":5910,"content":5911,"nodeType":866},{},[5912],{"data":5913,"marks":5914,"value":5915,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s explore why. ",{"data":5917,"content":5918,"nodeType":1317},{},[5919],{"data":5920,"marks":5921,"value":5923,"nodeType":865},{},[5922],{"type":926},"AI is accelerating phishing rotation and delivery",{"data":5925,"content":5926,"nodeType":866},{},[5927],{"data":5928,"marks":5929,"value":5930,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are harnessing AI at every stage, speeding up the process of creating, rotating, and replacing phishing infrastructure at every level, as well as capitalizing on AI adoption itself to enhance their lures. The operational signature is more domains, shorter lifespans, more variation, and fewer of the reuse patterns that blocklists depend on.",{"data":5932,"content":5933,"nodeType":866},{},[5934,5938,5945],{"data":5935,"marks":5936,"value":5937,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers can ",{"data":5939,"content":5940,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5484},[5941],{"data":5942,"marks":5943,"value":5944,"nodeType":865},{},[],"vibe-code entire phishing pages in minutes",{"data":5946,"marks":5947,"value":5948,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — not just cloning legitimate login pages but vibe-cloning them, feeding an AI a screenshot and having it rebuild a convincing frontend with a completely unique backend. ",{"data":5950,"content":5951,"nodeType":866},{},[5952,5956,5964,5968,5974],{"data":5953,"marks":5954,"value":5955,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've seen attackers clone free SaaS tools like background removers and PDF converters, then inject phishing components or ClickFix payloads into what looks like a functional utility. We’ve even seen attackers distributing malware using AI-generated pages shared using ",{"data":5957,"content":5958,"nodeType":889},{"uri":883},[5959],{"data":5960,"marks":5961,"value":5963,"nodeType":865},{},[5962],{"type":943},"LLM tool sharing functionality",{"data":5965,"marks":5966,"value":5967,"nodeType":865},{},[],", resulting in phishing delivery pages hosted on real claude.ai and chatgpt.com. And legitimate cloud platforms like ",{"data":5969,"content":5970,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4931},[5971],{"data":5972,"marks":5973,"value":4937,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":5975,"marks":5976,"value":5977,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Cloudflare Workers, and Vercel host and dynamically rotate attack infrastructure, so the domains feeding into blocklists often belong to reputable services that can't simply be blocked. ",{"data":5979,"content":5983,"nodeType":912},{"target":5980},{"sys":5981},{"id":5982,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5yoLmqysyQazfzLITCUTfc",[],{"data":5985,"content":5989,"nodeType":912},{"target":5986},{"sys":5987},{"id":5988,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5XK5qZMQU19xlA8L2T5y0Z",[],{"data":5991,"content":5992,"nodeType":1317},{},[5993],{"data":5994,"marks":5995,"value":5997,"nodeType":865},{},[5996],{"type":926},"The kit ecosystem is fragmenting faster than anyone can track",{"data":5999,"content":6000,"nodeType":866},{},[6001],{"data":6002,"marks":6003,"value":6004,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What we see across our install base is a huge and growing variation in phishing kits — new kits, derivative kits of known platforms, derivatives of those derivatives — appearing on a weekly basis.",{"data":6006,"content":6007,"nodeType":866},{},[6008,6012,6019],{"data":6009,"marks":6010,"value":6011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we reported in our ",{"data":6013,"content":6014,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1419},[6015],{"data":6016,"marks":6017,"value":6018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser Attacks Report",{"data":6020,"marks":6021,"value":6022,"nodeType":865},{},[],", the most common AiTM kits we detected over the last year were Tycoon 2FA (59% of detections), followed by Sneaky 2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx (nominally a red team tool, but widely abused by attackers), NakedPages, Gabagool, and dozens more — but those established names are just the visible layer.",{"data":6024,"content":6025,"nodeType":866},{},[6026,6030,6038,6042,6049],{"data":6027,"marks":6028,"value":6029,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Code is forked, modified, and redeployed across kits in a pattern that ",{"data":6031,"content":6033,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6032},"https://blog.barracuda.com/2026/04/16/threat-spotlight-tycoon-2fa-scattered-everywhere",[6034],{"data":6035,"marks":6036,"value":6037,"nodeType":865},{},[],"resembles open-source development",{"data":6039,"marks":6040,"value":6041,"nodeType":865},{},[]," more than traditional criminal enterprise, and the rate at which new variants appear is accelerating. The ",{"data":6043,"content":6044,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},[6045],{"data":6046,"marks":6047,"value":6048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Venom kit",{"data":6050,"marks":6051,"value":6052,"nodeType":865},{},[]," reuses Sneaky 2FA's AiTM infrastructure but carries different branding and adds device code phishing — whether it's the same developers, stolen code, or a deliberate fork is unclear.",{"data":6054,"content":6055,"nodeType":866},{},[6056,6060,6068,6072,6081],{"data":6057,"marks":6058,"value":6059,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tycoon 2FA illustrates the scale of the evolution. The kit evolves continuously, addingnew capabilities, new evasion techniques, and hybridizing with other platforms. Even when Sekoia and Microsoft seized 330+ Tycoon domains in March 2026, the techniques it popularized were already embedded across competitors, and the slack was taken up by rival platforms within days. And in any case, Tycoon was back to ",{"data":6061,"content":6063,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6062},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/tycoon2fa-phishing-as-a-service-platform-persists-following-takedown/",[6064],{"data":6065,"marks":6066,"value":6067,"nodeType":865},{},[],"normal levels of operation",{"data":6069,"marks":6070,"value":6071,"nodeType":865},{},[]," shortly after. It has also been observed ",{"data":6073,"content":6075,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6074},"https://www.okta.com/en-nl/blog/threat-intelligence/tycoon_2fa_phishing_actors_scatter/",[6076],{"data":6077,"marks":6078,"value":6080,"nodeType":865},{},[6079],{"type":943},"pivoting to add new device code phishing capabilities",{"data":6082,"marks":6083,"value":6084,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (more on that below). ",{"data":6086,"content":6087,"nodeType":866},{},[6088],{"data":6089,"marks":6090,"value":6091,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tear one down and there are many more to take its place — and meanwhile the original is already evolving into something new.",{"data":6093,"content":6097,"nodeType":912},{"target":6094},{"sys":6095},{"id":6096,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3UDzUCCizPJhXp3SsoZuSK",[],{"data":6099,"content":6100,"nodeType":1317},{},[6101],{"data":6102,"marks":6103,"value":6105,"nodeType":865},{},[6104],{"type":926},"New techniques are being industrialized faster than ever",{"data":6107,"content":6108,"nodeType":866},{},[6109],{"data":6110,"marks":6111,"value":6112,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As well as the fragmentation of existing kits, we’re seeing new techniques added at an accelerating rate. ",{"data":6114,"content":6115,"nodeType":866},{},[6116,6120],{"data":6117,"marks":6118,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[6119],{"type":926},{"data":6121,"marks":6122,"value":6123,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is the clearest case study. From early nation state adoption in 2024, it took until 2026 for criminal adoption to really take off, but the take-up this year is unprecedented. The EvilTokens kit packaged device code phishing into a PhaaS offering with GPT-powered spear-phishing and adaptive landing pages, hitting 340+ organizations across five countries in March 2026. ",{"data":6125,"content":6126,"nodeType":866},{},[6127],{"data":6128,"marks":6129,"value":6130,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now, device code functionality is now a core phish kit component. We’re tracking 18+ kits with device code phishing capabilities and a 37.5x increase in device code phishing detections this year alone, with the technique moving from state-sponsored exclusivity to something any PhaaS customer can rent.",{"data":6132,"content":6133,"nodeType":866},{},[6134,6138,6146,6150,6155,6159,6167],{"data":6135,"marks":6136,"value":6137,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Similarly, when we ",{"data":6139,"content":6141,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6140},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/inside-criminal-phishing-panel",[6142],{"data":6143,"marks":6144,"value":6145,"nodeType":865},{},[],"infiltrated Doko's Panel",{"data":6147,"marks":6148,"value":6149,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a ",{"data":6151,"marks":6152,"value":6154,"nodeType":865},{},[6153],{"type":926},"real-time vishing and AiTM platform",{"data":6156,"marks":6157,"value":6158,"nodeType":865},{},[]," used by ShinyHunters and affiliated groups — the codebase was full of LLM-generated artifacts. Multiple groups were using the templated vishing panel and spinning up their own variants, but the AI-generated indicators persisted throughout. This approach to real-time vishing + browser payload has been a ",{"data":6160,"content":6161,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3820},[6162],{"data":6163,"marks":6164,"value":6166,"nodeType":865},{},[6165],{"type":943},"mainstay of the Com affiliates like ShinyHunters this year",{"data":6168,"marks":6169,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],". ",{"data":6172,"content":6176,"nodeType":912},{"target":6173},{"sys":6174},{"id":6175,"type":909,"linkType":910},"01mOiserRBXraawXwQyJNm",[],{"data":6178,"content":6179,"nodeType":866},{},[6180,6184,6188,6192,6201,6205,6214],{"data":6181,"marks":6182,"value":6183,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The broader ",{"data":6185,"marks":6186,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[6187],{"type":926},{"data":6189,"marks":6190,"value":6191,"nodeType":865},{},[]," family shows the same acceleration: First reported in early 2024 and adopted by four nation-state groups within a single quarter. Fast forward and ",{"data":6193,"content":6195,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6194},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/global-threat-report/",[6196],{"data":6197,"marks":6198,"value":6200,"nodeType":865},{},[6199],{"type":943},"CrowdStrike's data",{"data":6202,"marks":6203,"value":6204,"nodeType":865},{},[]," shows a 563% increase in fake CAPTCHA incidents (one of the more common ClickFix lure types), while ",{"data":6206,"content":6208,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6207},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf",[6209],{"data":6210,"marks":6211,"value":6213,"nodeType":865},{},[6212],{"type":943},"Microsoft reported",{"data":6215,"marks":6216,"value":6217,"nodeType":865},{},[]," it as making up 47% of observed attacks according to their Digital Defense Report.",{"data":6219,"content":6220,"nodeType":866},{},[6221,6225,6230,6234,6242,6246,6253],{"data":6222,"marks":6223,"value":6224,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And ",{"data":6226,"marks":6227,"value":6229,"nodeType":865},{},[6228],{"type":926},"ConsentFix",{"data":6231,"marks":6232,"value":6233,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a combination of ClickFix and OAuth consent phishing techniques — suggests the next compression is already underway. Push researchers ",{"data":6235,"content":6237,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6236},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix/",[6238],{"data":6239,"marks":6240,"value":6241,"nodeType":865},{},[],"discovered the technique",{"data":6243,"marks":6244,"value":6245,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in December 2025 — a browser-native ClickFix variant hijacking OAuth consent grants via Azure CLI's localhost redirect. It was later confirmed to be tied to APT29. By January 2026, a ",{"data":6247,"content":6248,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4853},[6249],{"data":6250,"marks":6251,"value":6252,"nodeType":865},{},[],"criminal ConsentFix v3 toolkit",{"data":6254,"marks":6255,"value":6256,"nodeType":865},{},[]," had appeared on the XSS forum with Cloudflare Workers, ZoomInfo targeting, and automated exfiltration via Pipedream.",{"data":6258,"content":6262,"nodeType":912},{"target":6259},{"sys":6260},{"id":6261,"type":909,"linkType":910},"41FMif4T0y1maflzonWgL8",[],{"data":6264,"content":6265,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":6267,"content":6268,"nodeType":981},{},[6269],{"data":6270,"marks":6271,"value":6273,"nodeType":865},{},[6272],{"type":926},"Why technique-level detection is the only layer that holds",{"data":6275,"content":6276,"nodeType":866},{},[6277],{"data":6278,"marks":6279,"value":6280,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The middle of the Pyramid — tool signatures and artifacts — used to offer much more durable detection than infrastructure indicators. Fingerprinting a specific phishing kit by its JavaScript structure or HTML patterns provided a detection target that survived across dozens or hundreds of campaigns, even as the underlying domains rotated. Tool level detections are still better, but not by quite the same margin.",{"data":6282,"content":6286,"nodeType":912},{"target":6283},{"sys":6284},{"id":6285,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5pxaYdCIFiFKLPhRaPoldX",[],{"data":6288,"content":6289,"nodeType":866},{},[6290],{"data":6291,"marks":6292,"value":6293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When the kit landscape was dominated by a handful of platforms, you could write signatures for Tycoon, Sneaky2FA, EvilProxy, and so on, and cover the lion's share of attacks. With the ecosystem now producing new variants and entirely new kits on a weekly basis, detecting by kit fingerprint starts to look uncomfortably similar to detecting by domain.",{"data":6295,"content":6296,"nodeType":866},{},[6297],{"data":6298,"marks":6299,"value":6300,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But many of these proliferating kits do share behavioral patterns at a deeper level than their code signatures. For example, every device code phishing kit implements fundamentally the same flow: present a lure, generate a device code via the OAuth Device Authorization endpoint, get the user to enter it on the legitimate authorization page, and poll for the resulting tokens. The frontends vary, the infrastructure varies, but the behavioral pattern doesn't.",{"data":6302,"content":6306,"nodeType":912},{"target":6303},{"sys":6304},{"id":6305,"type":909,"linkType":910},"FyyHayQtsJTwoB1kluMOl",[],{"data":6308,"content":6309,"nodeType":866},{},[6310],{"data":6311,"marks":6312,"value":6313,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Genuinely new attack techniques still require human creativity — an attacker has to identify a gap in how a legitimate protocol or feature can be subverted. That kind of innovation hasn't been automated. But the window to discover a technique, build a detection, and then deploy it before it is adopted by criminals at scale is compressing with each generation.",{"data":6315,"content":6316,"nodeType":866},{},[6317],{"data":6318,"marks":6319,"value":6320,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations that detect at the technique level and deploy before commoditization have a structural advantage that increases over time. Waiting for indicators — even tool-level indicators — means chasing a curve that's accelerating away from you. This is the challenge we grapple with every day as we strive for the most resilient detections possible. ",{"data":6322,"content":6323,"nodeType":6348},{},[6324],{"data":6325,"content":6326,"nodeType":866},{},[6327,6331,6339,6343],{"data":6328,"marks":6329,"value":6330,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As our CPO Jacques Louw put it on ",{"data":6332,"content":6334,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6333},"https://risky.biz/RBNEWSSI128/",[6335],{"data":6336,"marks":6337,"value":6338,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Risky Business",{"data":6340,"marks":6341,"value":6342,"nodeType":865},{},[],": ",{"data":6344,"marks":6345,"value":6347,"nodeType":865},{},[6346],{"type":898},"\"There's no list of bad domains anywhere in the product. It's a crutch — a false cheat code that stops you from doing the detection in the way that actually is resilient, because the next time you see it, it will be on a different domain.\"","blockquote",{"data":6350,"content":6351,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":6353,"content":6354,"nodeType":981},{},[6355],{"data":6356,"marks":6357,"value":6359,"nodeType":865},{},[6358],{"type":926},"What it takes to detect at the top of the Pyramid",{"data":6361,"content":6362,"nodeType":866},{},[6363],{"data":6364,"marks":6365,"value":6366,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If technique-level detection is the only layer that holds, two things have to be true about your detection capability: You need the right vantage point, and you need the research velocity to stay ahead.",{"data":6368,"content":6369,"nodeType":1317},{},[6370],{"data":6371,"marks":6372,"value":6374,"nodeType":865},{},[6373],{"type":926},"You need the right vantage point",{"data":6376,"content":6377,"nodeType":866},{},[6378],{"data":6379,"marks":6380,"value":6381,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Technique-level behaviors in browser-based identity attacks — how a phishing page orchestrates credential entry, how a device code flow presents its authorization prompt, how a ClickFix variant manipulates the clipboard — are visible in the browser session and nowhere else.",{"data":6383,"content":6384,"nodeType":866},{},[6385],{"data":6386,"marks":6387,"value":6388,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Network proxies see encrypted traffic and can attempt to reconstruct page behavior from metadata, but DOM manipulation, user interaction sequences, and script execution aren't visible from that vantage point. Email gateways see the delivery mechanism (or nothing at all in the increasing number of social media and search engine based attacks) but not the payload.",{"data":6390,"content":6391,"nodeType":866},{},[6392,6396,6404],{"data":6393,"marks":6394,"value":6395,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we disclosed in our ",{"data":6397,"content":6398,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1419},[6399],{"data":6400,"marks":6401,"value":6403,"nodeType":865},{},[6402],{"type":943},"browser attacks report",{"data":6405,"marks":6406,"value":6407,"nodeType":865},{},[],", 95% of in-browser attacks we detect use some form of bot protection, often combined with conditional loading techniques like referrer and browser checks, reliably defeating automated analysis techniques. ",{"data":6409,"content":6410,"nodeType":866},{},[6411],{"data":6412,"marks":6413,"value":6414,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Behavioral detection at the technique level requires observing what happens on the page at the moment the user interacts with it — analyzing pages, not links. When you see the entire browsing flow — ad click, redirect chain, page render, credential prompt — an attack stands out immediately. Without that context, any detection system is forced to fill in gaps, and the gaps are where attacks hide.",{"data":6416,"content":6420,"nodeType":912},{"target":6417},{"sys":6418},{"id":6419,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4804g6u4POUDpL42bzP0EY",[],{"data":6422,"content":6423,"nodeType":866},{},[6424],{"data":6425,"marks":6426,"value":6427,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push sits inside the browser session, observing this in real time. Its detections target the behavioral mechanics of techniques rather than the surface characteristics of individual kits or infrastructure.",{"data":6429,"content":6430,"nodeType":1317},{},[6431],{"data":6432,"marks":6433,"value":6435,"nodeType":865},{},[6434],{"type":926},"You need the research expertise",{"data":6437,"content":6438,"nodeType":866},{},[6439],{"data":6440,"marks":6441,"value":6442,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When the window between technique discovery and industrialized exploitation is measured in weeks rather than years, the detection pipeline needs to operate on that same compressed timescale.",{"data":6444,"content":6445,"nodeType":866},{},[6446,6450,6457],{"data":6447,"marks":6448,"value":6449,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is where our ",{"data":6451,"content":6452,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5484},[6453],{"data":6454,"marks":6455,"value":6456,"nodeType":865},{},[],"agentic threat hunting pipeline",{"data":6458,"marks":6459,"value":6460,"nodeType":865},{},[]," fits. It's tripled our monthly detection output — not by generating bigger blocklists, but by scaling the process of discovering behavioral patterns across the telemetry generated by 3+ million browser deployments.",{"data":6462,"content":6463,"nodeType":866},{},[6464],{"data":6465,"marks":6466,"value":6467,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The detections it produces are technique-class by design, targeting how attacks work rather than the infrastructure or specific tool that implements them. The goal is curation, not accumulation — hundreds of high-fidelity behavioral detections rather than the billions of signatures and domain entries that traditional approaches require.",{"data":6469,"content":6470,"nodeType":866},{},[6471,6475,6483],{"data":6472,"marks":6473,"value":6474,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we detected the first in-the-wild ",{"data":6476,"content":6478,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6477},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/installfix/",[6479],{"data":6480,"marks":6481,"value":6482,"nodeType":865},{},[],"InstallFix attack",{"data":6484,"marks":6485,"value":6486,"nodeType":865},{},[]," through the pipeline — a user had searched for NotebookLM, clicked a paid Google ad, and was redirected to a fake page with a WebAssembly C2 connector — the detection shipped to all customers within minutes. It didn't depend on knowing the domain, the ad creative, or the specific kit. It depended on recognizing the technique itself.",{"data":6488,"content":6489,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":6491,"content":6492,"nodeType":981},{},[6493],{"data":6494,"marks":6495,"value":6497,"nodeType":865},{},[6496],{"type":926},"Technique-level detection is now the only option",{"data":6499,"content":6500,"nodeType":866},{},[6501],{"data":6502,"marks":6503,"value":6504,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a framework for detection durability, the Pyramid of Pain is more relevant than ever. ",{"data":6506,"content":6507,"nodeType":866},{},[6508],{"data":6509,"marks":6510,"value":6511,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI has made infrastructure indicators essentially disposable. The tools tier is compressing as criminal vendors vibe-code, fork, and clone tooling at machine speed. Technique-level detection is the layer that holds long-term to be able to proactively detect and block net-new attacks and the kits that power them. ",{"data":6513,"content":6514,"nodeType":866},{},[6515],{"data":6516,"marks":6517,"value":6518,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Novel attack techniques still require human creativity to discover, and detections built around how those techniques work can survive infrastructure rotation, tool proliferation, and kit fragmentation. Defending that layer requires a vantage point inside the browser session and a research pipeline fast enough to stay ahead of the accelerating path from discovery to industrialization.",{"data":6520,"content":6521,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":6523,"content":6524,"nodeType":866},{},[6525],{"data":6526,"marks":6527,"value":1356,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":6529,"content":6530,"nodeType":866},{},[6531],{"data":6532,"marks":6533,"value":1363,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":6535,"content":6536,"nodeType":866},{},[6537,6540,6548],{"data":6538,"marks":6539,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":6541,"content":6542,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[6543],{"data":6544,"marks":6545,"value":6547,"nodeType":865},{},[6546],{"type":943},"Book a live demo",{"data":6549,"marks":6550,"value":2302,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Pyramid of Pain in the AI era: Why technique-level detection matters more than ever","AI is accelerating the collapse of indicator-based threat detection. Here's why you need technique-level detection to stay ahead.","2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","the-pyramid-of-pain-in-the-ai-era",{"items":6556},[6557,6559],{"sys":6558,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":6560,"name":6562},{"id":6561},"6A5RXS31ZQx3PwryGb1IMy","Browser-based attacks",{"items":6564},[6565],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":6569},"Dan Green","Dan","Threat Research",{"url":6570},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7jik1VhFgA3kgzXBXTm2Vw/fcd8c171da644903d0827eafcfbcaad0/Dan_Headshot_2025.png",{"__typename":1429,"sys":6572,"content":6574,"title":7359,"synopsis":7360,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":7361,"slug":7362,"tagsCollection":7363,"authorsCollection":7369},{"id":6573},"Gcg7PGuICrlRcqq1QFXxH",{"json":6575},{"data":6576,"content":6577,"nodeType":1382},{},[6578,6585,6592,6623,6630,6636,6642,6654,6657,6665,6681,6688,6694,6701,6708,6714,6717,6725,6732,6738,6744,6751,6758,6776,6782,6785,6793,6811,6817,6824,6827,6835,6842,6849,6854,6860,6903,6910,6913,6921,6928,6935,6978,6985,7016,7023,7066,7073,7076,7084,7103,7110,7118,7133,7140,7157,7164,7167,7173,7179,7196,7199,7207,7226,7233,7353],{"data":6579,"content":6580,"nodeType":866},{},[6581],{"data":6582,"marks":6583,"value":6584,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shared conversations on AI chatbot platforms have become the latest delivery mechanism for malware campaigns targeting macOS and Windows users. Attackers create content on platforms like ChatGPT and Claude that appears to offer installation guidance or service updates, then drive traffic to it via search engine results in the form of malvertising and SEO poisoning.  ",{"data":6586,"content":6587,"nodeType":866},{},[6588],{"data":6589,"marks":6590,"value":6591,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The content lives on chatgpt.com or claude.ai — domains that users and security tools trust implicitly — so the attack bypasses URL reputation checks before the victim even reaches the malicious payload.",{"data":6593,"content":6594,"nodeType":866},{},[6595,6599,6607,6611,6619],{"data":6596,"marks":6597,"value":6598,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Several variants of this technique have been ",{"data":6600,"content":6602,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6601},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-abuse-google-ads-claudeai-chats-to-push-mac-malware/",[6603],{"data":6604,"marks":6605,"value":6606,"nodeType":865},{},[],"reported over the past few months",{"data":6608,"marks":6609,"value":6610,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The earliest examples used shared Claude.ai conversations disguised as installation guides — complete with fake \"Apple Support\" attribution — that walked users through opening a terminal and pasting a curl command that downloaded and executed an infostealer. ",{"data":6612,"content":6614,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6613},"https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/share-chatgpt-chat-clickfix-macos-amos-infostealer/54928/",[6615],{"data":6616,"marks":6617,"value":6618,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Kaspersky documented a parallel campaign",{"data":6620,"marks":6621,"value":6622,"nodeType":865},{},[]," using shared ChatGPT conversations to deliver the AMOS (Atomic macOS Stealer) via the same paste-this-command social engineering pattern. ",{"data":6624,"content":6625,"nodeType":866},{},[6626],{"data":6627,"marks":6628,"value":6629,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push has detected a new variant that goes beyond the previously reported technique of embedding terminal commands in shared conversations: the attacker has used ChatGPT's code rendering feature to build a fully designed fake page that mimics a ChatGPT service disruption, redirecting victims to a convincing clone of ChatGPT's download page that delivers a malicious executable. ",{"data":6631,"content":6635,"nodeType":912},{"target":6632},{"sys":6633},{"id":6634,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5lz9zt223pecGvdaqdvSTQ",[],{"data":6637,"content":6641,"nodeType":912},{"target":6638},{"sys":6639},{"id":6640,"type":909,"linkType":910},"51GomAj3VOjnbmgd1DWYu0",[],{"data":6643,"content":6644,"nodeType":866},{},[6645,6650],{"data":6646,"marks":6647,"value":6649,"nodeType":865},{},[6648],{"type":926},"This is a live campaign which is still generating detections across our customer base at the time of writing. ",{"data":6651,"marks":6652,"value":6653,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push customers are already protected and do not need to take further action. The malicious page URLs can be found at the end of this report but are not exhaustive and are liable to change. ",{"data":6655,"content":6656,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":6658,"content":6659,"nodeType":981},{},[6660],{"data":6661,"marks":6662,"value":6664,"nodeType":865},{},[6663],{"type":926},"A fake page, not a fake conversation",{"data":6666,"content":6667,"nodeType":866},{},[6668,6672,6677],{"data":6669,"marks":6670,"value":6671,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Previously reported variants relied on shared ",{"data":6673,"marks":6674,"value":6676,"nodeType":865},{},[6675],{"type":898},"conversations",{"data":6678,"marks":6679,"value":6680,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — the attacker created a chat that contained step-by-step instructions for the victim to follow, typically involving pasting a command into their terminal. The social engineering was conversational: the \"AI assistant\" appeared to be helpfully guiding the user through an installation process.",{"data":6682,"content":6683,"nodeType":866},{},[6684],{"data":6685,"marks":6686,"value":6687,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But now, rather than a shared conversation, the attacker has used ChatGPT's code rendering feature to create a fully designed, self-contained web page hosted at a chatgpt.com/s/ URL. It renders as what appears to be a ChatGPT service disruption notice:",{"data":6689,"content":6693,"nodeType":912},{"target":6690},{"sys":6691},{"id":6692,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1O9gyQab81SnbxhQp2aa5Z",[],{"data":6695,"content":6696,"nodeType":866},{},[6697],{"data":6698,"marks":6699,"value":6700,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A professional-looking error message reads: \"We're experiencing high traffic right now. Our website is temporarily unavailable due to a large number of users. Download our desktop app to continue.\" A prominent download button sits below.",{"data":6702,"content":6703,"nodeType":866},{},[6704],{"data":6705,"marks":6706,"value":6707,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The \"Show code\" toggle at the top of the page reveals what's actually happening — the entire thing is custom HTML and CSS, authored to mimic a ChatGPT system notice, rendered using ChatGPT's code output feature. A web page inside a web page, hosted on a domain that every URL reputation system in the world considers safe.",{"data":6709,"content":6713,"nodeType":912},{"target":6710},{"sys":6711},{"id":6712,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4kQTfxB3aVH9W9BeYOuljP",[],{"data":6715,"content":6716,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":6718,"content":6719,"nodeType":981},{},[6720],{"data":6721,"marks":6722,"value":6724,"nodeType":865},{},[6723],{"type":926},"The download page",{"data":6726,"content":6727,"nodeType":866},{},[6728],{"data":6729,"marks":6730,"value":6731,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clicking the download button redirects the user to openew[.]app, which presents a convincing clone of ChatGPT's official desktop application download page — complete with OpenAI branding, macOS and Windows download buttons, a Chrome extension link, and a mobile download section.",{"data":6733,"content":6737,"nodeType":912},{"target":6734},{"sys":6735},{"id":6736,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4MdFc4OB37ZihTGx506QJ6",[],{"data":6739,"content":6743,"nodeType":912},{"target":6740},{"sys":6741},{"id":6742,"type":909,"linkType":910},"LaPUy0zpIeY8s4PF2wkat",[],{"data":6745,"content":6746,"nodeType":866},{},[6747],{"data":6748,"marks":6749,"value":6750,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The site also displays differently depending on who visits it. When Push researchers examined the URL via URLScan, the scanner was redirected to a different page entirely — a generic AR/VR company website with no obvious connection to ChatGPT. ",{"data":6752,"content":6753,"nodeType":866},{},[6754],{"data":6755,"marks":6756,"value":6757,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Real users in a browser see the fake download page; automated scanners and bots see something benign. This kind of conditional rendering is a well-established evasion technique in the malvertising ecosystem, and it makes the malicious infrastructure harder for security teams and threat intelligence services to identify and analyze.",{"data":6759,"content":6760,"nodeType":866},{},[6761,6765,6773],{"data":6762,"marks":6763,"value":6764,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The downloaded executable poses as \"ChatGPT for Desktop\" and is ",{"data":6766,"content":6768,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6767},"https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",[6769],{"data":6770,"marks":6771,"value":6772,"nodeType":865},{},[],"flagged on VirusTotal",{"data":6774,"marks":6775,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":6777,"content":6781,"nodeType":912},{"target":6778},{"sys":6779},{"id":6780,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3FSbwoFJYQrcyo9uMsQIWI",[],{"data":6783,"content":6784,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":6786,"content":6787,"nodeType":981},{},[6788],{"data":6789,"marks":6790,"value":6792,"nodeType":865},{},[6791],{"type":926},"The Claude variant: same campaign, different platform",{"data":6794,"content":6795,"nodeType":866},{},[6796,6800,6807],{"data":6797,"marks":6798,"value":6799,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Alongside the ChatGPT rendered-page variant, Push has also detected the previously reported style of attack using shared Claude.ai conversations. These follow the pattern documented by ",{"data":6801,"content":6802,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6601},[6803],{"data":6804,"marks":6805,"value":6806,"nodeType":865},{},[],"BleepingComputer",{"data":6808,"marks":6809,"value":6810,"nodeType":865},{},[],": a shared chat disguised as a \"Claude Code on Mac\" installation guide, attributed to \"Apple Support,\" containing a curl command that downloads and executes malware.",{"data":6812,"content":6816,"nodeType":912},{"target":6813},{"sys":6814},{"id":6815,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5sWayuTsVdiLSLoS4sv2Vc",[],{"data":6818,"content":6819,"nodeType":866},{},[6820],{"data":6821,"marks":6822,"value":6823,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The fact that both the ChatGPT and Claude variants are appearing in Push customer environments suggests a campaign — or at least a shared playbook — that is actively experimenting with different platforms and different social engineering approaches to find what converts best.",{"data":6825,"content":6826,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":6828,"content":6829,"nodeType":981},{},[6830],{"data":6831,"marks":6832,"value":6834,"nodeType":865},{},[6833],{"type":926},"Malvertising remains one of the top phishing delivery channels",{"data":6836,"content":6837,"nodeType":866},{},[6838],{"data":6839,"marks":6840,"value":6841,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push has detected this variant across multiple customer environments, with users arriving at these shared chat URLs after searching for terms including \"chatgpt,\" \"chatgpt free,\" \"chat gpt,\" and common typos like \"chatgo,\" \"chatgot,\" and \"cvhatgpt.\" ",{"data":6843,"content":6844,"nodeType":866},{},[6845],{"data":6846,"marks":6847,"value":6848,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can see an example of this below: it's incredibly convincing, and uses the real ChatGPT domain — so even users that are paying attention are liable to fall for it. ",{"data":6850,"content":6853,"nodeType":912},{"target":6851},{"sys":6852},{"id":908,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":6855,"content":6859,"nodeType":912},{"target":6856},{"sys":6857},{"id":6858,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4HpFJRAZH2lbygaEk2xOnN",[],{"data":6861,"content":6862,"nodeType":866},{},[6863,6867,6875,6879,6886,6890,6899],{"data":6864,"marks":6865,"value":6866,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This fits a pattern Push has tracked extensively. ",{"data":6868,"content":6870,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6869},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review/",[6871],{"data":6872,"marks":6873,"value":6874,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Search-based delivery is now the dominant channel for malware distribution",{"data":6876,"marks":6877,"value":6878,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — our own data shows that ClickFix attacks are reached via search results rather than email in 4 of 5 cases, and Push's own research into ",{"data":6880,"content":6881,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1082},[6882],{"data":6883,"marks":6884,"value":6885,"nodeType":865},{},[],"malvertising campaigns impersonating brands like TradingView",{"data":6887,"marks":6888,"value":6889,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and ",{"data":6891,"content":6893,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6892},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/google-search-malvertising-campaign-continues-now-impersonating-ahrefs/",[6894],{"data":6895,"marks":6896,"value":6898,"nodeType":865},{},[6897],{"type":943},"Ahrefs",{"data":6900,"marks":6901,"value":6902,"nodeType":865},{},[]," has demonstrated how effectively search ads can funnel victims to malicious pages. ",{"data":6904,"content":6905,"nodeType":866},{},[6906],{"data":6907,"marks":6908,"value":6909,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The shared-chat technique adds a new dimension: the destination URL itself is genuine (chatgpt.com, claude.ai), which means even a cautious user who checks the URL before clicking will see nothing suspicious.",{"data":6911,"content":6912,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":6914,"content":6915,"nodeType":981},{},[6916],{"data":6917,"marks":6918,"value":6920,"nodeType":865},{},[6919],{"type":926},"Legitimate platform abuse is everywhere",{"data":6922,"content":6923,"nodeType":866},{},[6924],{"data":6925,"marks":6926,"value":6927,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is one example of a much broader pattern that has become one of the defining characteristics of the 2026 threat landscape: attackers systematically abusing legitimate platforms as attack infrastructure. The scale and variety of this abuse in recent months alone is striking, and it spans every stage of the phishing chain.",{"data":6929,"content":6930,"nodeType":1317},{},[6931],{"data":6932,"marks":6933,"value":6934,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for delivery",{"data":6936,"content":6937,"nodeType":866},{},[6938,6942,6950,6954,6962,6966,6974],{"data":6939,"marks":6940,"value":6941,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the delivery side, attackers have been ",{"data":6943,"content":6945,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6944},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/amazon-ses-increasingly-abused-in-phishing-to-evade-detection/",[6946],{"data":6947,"marks":6948,"value":6949,"nodeType":865},{},[],"weaponizing stolen AWS credentials to send phishing through Amazon SES",{"data":6951,"marks":6952,"value":6953,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that passes SPF, DKIM, and DMARC validation because SES is a legitimate Amazon service. A Vietnamese operation dubbed ",{"data":6955,"content":6957,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6956},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/05/30000-facebook-accounts-hacked-via.html",[6958],{"data":6959,"marks":6960,"value":6961,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AccountDumpling used Google AppSheet's built-in email capability",{"data":6963,"marks":6964,"value":6965,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as a phishing relay to harvest 30,000 Facebook credentials. ",{"data":6967,"content":6969,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6968},"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/scammers-are-abusing-an-internal-microsoft-account-to-send-spam/",[6970],{"data":6971,"marks":6972,"value":6973,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scammers exploited Microsoft's own internal notification pipeline",{"data":6975,"marks":6976,"value":6977,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — sending phishing from the same msonlineservicesteam@microsoftonline.com address that delivers legitimate 2FA codes — with Spamhaus confirming months of ongoing abuse.",{"data":6979,"content":6980,"nodeType":1317},{},[6981],{"data":6982,"marks":6983,"value":6984,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for hosting",{"data":6986,"content":6987,"nodeType":866},{},[6988,6992,7000,7004,7012],{"data":6989,"marks":6990,"value":6991,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For hosting, the platforms being abused read like a who's who of modern web infrastructure. ",{"data":6993,"content":6995,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6994},"https://www.securityweek.com/over-500-organizations-hit-in-years-long-phishing-campaign/",[6996],{"data":6997,"marks":6998,"value":6999,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Operation HookedWing ran for four years",{"data":7001,"marks":7002,"value":7003,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on GitHub Pages and Vercel, compromising 500+ organizations across more than 100 GitHub Pages domains before anyone documented it publicly. Cofense has separately ",{"data":7005,"content":7007,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7006},"https://cofense.com/blog/steal-smarter-not-harder-malicious-use-of-vercel-for-credential-phishing/",[7008],{"data":7009,"marks":7010,"value":7011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documented the growing abuse of Vercel",{"data":7013,"marks":7014,"value":7015,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for credential phishing hosting. Pixm's Q1 2026 phishing report tracked over 100 unique Azure Blob Storage subdomain variants hosting phishing content that carried Microsoft's own domain reputation, alongside abuse of Cloudflare CDN, Cloudflare Workers, Cloudflare R2, Backblaze B2, and Supabase. ",{"data":7017,"content":7018,"nodeType":1317},{},[7019],{"data":7020,"marks":7021,"value":7022,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Abuse of compromised websites that are otherwise legit",{"data":7024,"content":7025,"nodeType":866},{},[7026,7030,7038,7042,7050,7054,7062],{"data":7027,"marks":7028,"value":7029,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Compromised legitimate sites are also being repurposed at scale. A mass exploitation of a ",{"data":7031,"content":7033,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7032},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ghost-cms-sql-injection-flaw-exploited-in-large-scale-clickfix-campaign/",[7034],{"data":7035,"marks":7036,"value":7037,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost CMS vulnerability planted ClickFix pages across 700+ websites",{"data":7039,"marks":7040,"value":7041,"nodeType":865},{},[]," including Harvard, Oxford, and DuckDuckGo subdomains. Microsoft recently documented a campaign where ",{"data":7043,"content":7045,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7044},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/05/26/poisoned-search-results-gpu-mining-cryptojacking-campaign-abusing-screenconnect-microsoft-net-utilities/",[7046],{"data":7047,"marks":7048,"value":7049,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SEO poisoning was combined with AI chatbot recommendation manipulation",{"data":7051,"marks":7052,"value":7053,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to deliver GPU mining malware — extending the poisoning from traditional search results into AI-generated software recommendations. And ",{"data":7055,"content":7057,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7056},"https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2026/05/27/deno-rat-malware-fake-chatgpt-claude-installers/",[7058],{"data":7059,"marks":7060,"value":7061,"nodeType":865},{},[],"fake ChatGPT and Claude installers on GitHub and SourceForge",{"data":7063,"marks":7064,"value":7065,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have been delivering the DinDoor backdoor and a Deno-based RAT via repositories that mimic legitimate developer tool distributions.",{"data":7067,"content":7068,"nodeType":866},{},[7069],{"data":7070,"marks":7071,"value":7072,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The structural problem is that every one of these platforms is genuinely legitimate, and the security controls that evaluate them — domain reputation, email authentication, URL categorization — confirm them as trusted because they are trusted. This attack extends this pattern into new territory by weaponizing the content-sharing features of AI chatbot platforms specifically, but the underlying principles are the same. ",{"data":7074,"content":7075,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":7077,"content":7078,"nodeType":981},{},[7079],{"data":7080,"marks":7081,"value":7083,"nodeType":865},{},[7082],{"type":926},"Impact analysis",{"data":7085,"content":7086,"nodeType":866},{},[7087,7091,7099],{"data":7088,"marks":7089,"value":7090,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shared-chat malware delivery exploits a structural property of AI platforms that traditional security controls aren't designed to handle. Domain reputation, URL categorization, and safe browsing databases all treat chatgpt.com and claude.ai as trusted — because they are. Using these trusted pages to link off to further convincing-looking pages hosting malware allows the attacker to run campaigns that blend in, as well as rotate the phishing delivery pages later in the chain should they ever be flagged, allowing the campaign to continue without interruption (a well known ",{"data":7092,"content":7094,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/",[7095],{"data":7096,"marks":7097,"value":7098,"nodeType":865},{},[],"detection evasion technique",{"data":7100,"marks":7101,"value":7102,"nodeType":865},{},[],"). ",{"data":7104,"content":7105,"nodeType":866},{},[7106],{"data":7107,"marks":7108,"value":7109,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What makes the rendered-page variant particularly concerning is that it eliminates the most obvious red flag in the earlier attacks. The Claude.ai conversation variants required the victim to recognize that a shared chat instructing them to paste terminal commands might be suspicious — a tall order for many users, but at least the attack surface was visible. The rendered-page variant shows nothing that looks like an attack. It presents what appears to be a routine service disruption with a reasonable call to action: download the desktop app to continue using ChatGPT. ",{"data":7111,"content":7112,"nodeType":1317},{},[7113],{"data":7114,"marks":7115,"value":7117,"nodeType":865},{},[7116],{"type":926},"How Push detected the attack",{"data":7119,"content":7120,"nodeType":866},{},[7121,7125,7129],{"data":7122,"marks":7123,"value":7124,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've aligned our detection logic for this technique under the name ",{"data":7126,"marks":7127,"value":4983,"nodeType":865},{},[7128],{"type":926},{"data":7130,"marks":7131,"value":7132,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a technique-level detection that covers shared content abuse across LLM platforms, not tied to any single campaign or set of IOCs. ",{"data":7134,"content":7135,"nodeType":866},{},[7136],{"data":7137,"marks":7138,"value":7139,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because Push sees the full context of how a user arrived at a page and what that page does once it renders, we can identify LLMShare attacks regardless of which AI platform is being abused or what social engineering wrapper the attacker has chosen. ",{"data":7141,"content":7142,"nodeType":866},{},[7143,7147,7153],{"data":7144,"marks":7145,"value":7146,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we identified the initial instances of this campaign, we used our ",{"data":7148,"content":7149,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5484},[7150],{"data":7151,"marks":7152,"value":6456,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":7154,"marks":7155,"value":7156,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to hunt for additional examples across our customer telemetry, develop the LLMShare detection, and rapidly deploy it to customers. Push blocks users from interacting with the page before any malicious activity can occur. ",{"data":7158,"content":7159,"nodeType":866},{},[7160],{"data":7161,"marks":7162,"value":7163,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push customers do not need to take any further action.",{"data":7165,"content":7166,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":7168,"content":7169,"nodeType":866},{},[7170],{"data":7171,"marks":7172,"value":1356,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":7174,"content":7175,"nodeType":866},{},[7176],{"data":7177,"marks":7178,"value":1363,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":7180,"content":7181,"nodeType":866},{},[7182,7185,7193],{"data":7183,"marks":7184,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":7186,"content":7188,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo/",[7189],{"data":7190,"marks":7191,"value":1378,"nodeType":865},{},[7192],{"type":943},{"data":7194,"marks":7195,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":7197,"content":7198,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":7200,"content":7201,"nodeType":981},{},[7202],{"data":7203,"marks":7204,"value":7206,"nodeType":865},{},[7205],{"type":926},"Indicators of compromise",{"data":7208,"content":7209,"nodeType":866},{},[7210,7214,7222],{"data":7211,"marks":7212,"value":7213,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we always say, short-lived IoCs are of limited value when tackling modern phishing attacks due to the rate at which attackers are able to ",{"data":7215,"content":7217,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7216},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/domain-rotation-redirection/",[7218],{"data":7219,"marks":7220,"value":7221,"nodeType":865},{},[],"quickly spin up and rotate the sites used",{"data":7223,"marks":7224,"value":7225,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in the attack chain. IoC-based detections for campaigns like this are of limited value.",{"data":7227,"content":7228,"nodeType":866},{},[7229],{"data":7230,"marks":7231,"value":7232,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At the time of writing, the indicators observed were:",{"data":7234,"content":7235,"nodeType":2927},{},[7236,7262,7285,7307,7330],{"data":7237,"content":7238,"nodeType":2400},{},[7239,7251],{"data":7240,"content":7241,"nodeType":7250},{},[7242],{"data":7243,"content":7244,"nodeType":866},{},[7245],{"data":7246,"marks":7247,"value":7249,"nodeType":865},{},[7248],{"type":926},"Indicator","table-header-cell",{"data":7252,"content":7253,"nodeType":7250},{},[7254],{"data":7255,"content":7256,"nodeType":866},{},[7257],{"data":7258,"marks":7259,"value":7261,"nodeType":865},{},[7260],{"type":926},"Type",{"data":7263,"content":7264,"nodeType":2400},{},[7265,7275],{"data":7266,"content":7267,"nodeType":2366},{},[7268],{"data":7269,"content":7270,"nodeType":866},{},[7271],{"data":7272,"marks":7273,"value":7274,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://claude[.]ai/share/8e6401b5-4849-46c4-a3cb-29e1c3c49131",{"data":7276,"content":7277,"nodeType":2366},{},[7278],{"data":7279,"content":7280,"nodeType":866},{},[7281],{"data":7282,"marks":7283,"value":7284,"nodeType":865},{},[],"URL",{"data":7286,"content":7287,"nodeType":2400},{},[7288,7298],{"data":7289,"content":7290,"nodeType":2366},{},[7291],{"data":7292,"content":7293,"nodeType":866},{},[7294],{"data":7295,"marks":7296,"value":7297,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://chatgpt[.]com/s/cb_6a0f1e6bbec88191aa7fede27163f08d",{"data":7299,"content":7300,"nodeType":2366},{},[7301],{"data":7302,"content":7303,"nodeType":866},{},[7304],{"data":7305,"marks":7306,"value":7284,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":7308,"content":7309,"nodeType":2400},{},[7310,7320],{"data":7311,"content":7312,"nodeType":2366},{},[7313],{"data":7314,"content":7315,"nodeType":866},{},[7316],{"data":7317,"marks":7318,"value":7319,"nodeType":865},{},[],"openew[.]app",{"data":7321,"content":7322,"nodeType":2366},{},[7323],{"data":7324,"content":7325,"nodeType":866},{},[7326],{"data":7327,"marks":7328,"value":7329,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Domain",{"data":7331,"content":7332,"nodeType":2400},{},[7333,7343],{"data":7334,"content":7335,"nodeType":2366},{},[7336],{"data":7337,"content":7338,"nodeType":866},{},[7339],{"data":7340,"marks":7341,"value":7342,"nodeType":865},{},[],"de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",{"data":7344,"content":7345,"nodeType":2366},{},[7346],{"data":7347,"content":7348,"nodeType":866},{},[7349],{"data":7350,"marks":7351,"value":7352,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SHA256",{"data":7354,"content":7355,"nodeType":866},{},[7356],{"data":7357,"marks":7358,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"LLMShare: how attackers are turning AI chatbot pages into malware delivery platforms","How attackers are using shared content features on AI chatbot platforms to deliver malware via pages hosted on legitimate domains, sent via malvertising.","2026-05-29T00:00:00.000Z","llmshare-malvertising-campaign",{"items":7364},[7365,7367],{"sys":7366,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":7368,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":7370},[7371],{"fullName":7372,"firstName":7373,"jobTitle":7374,"profilePicture":7375},"Keanu Maharaj","Keanu","Senior Security Researcher",{"url":7376},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/VCGOm62jiocjwngWTh32U/e9a30637b1c76bf988d2fec90f5b6c36/1689361049351_1.png",{"__typename":1429,"sys":7378,"content":7380,"title":8036,"synopsis":8037,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":8038,"slug":8039,"tagsCollection":8040,"authorsCollection":8046},{"id":7379},"4NY2NbkAPucFOJY45yrrrE",{"json":7381},{"data":7382,"content":7383,"nodeType":1382},{},[7384,7391,7398,7405,7411,7414,7422,7429,7462,7469,7499,7505,7508,7516,7523,7531,7573,7579,7586,7591,7594,7602,7609,7617,7624,7631,7647,7655,7680,7687,7693,7700,7708,7723,7750,7756,7774,7780,7788,7795,7820,7827,7834,7841,7847,7850,7858,7865,7872,7890,7898,7905,7913,7936,7948,7954,7957,7965,7972,7979,7986,8005,8008,8014,8020],{"data":7385,"content":7386,"nodeType":866},{},[7387],{"data":7388,"marks":7389,"value":7390,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employees have been self-adopting apps, creating unmanaged accounts, and introducing third-party software dependencies into their organizations for years, and the core problem hasn't changed: unmanaged software expanding your attack surface without your knowledge.",{"data":7392,"content":7393,"nodeType":866},{},[7394],{"data":7395,"marks":7396,"value":7397,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the rate at which employees are signing up for AI tools is unprecedented, and the depth of interconnectivity those tools demand is fundamentally different from traditional shadow SaaS. ",{"data":7399,"content":7400,"nodeType":866},{},[7401],{"data":7402,"marks":7403,"value":7404,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI tools aren't just standalone apps that employees sign into — they're increasingly used as agents that drive other applications, pulling data from one platform, acting on another — they are becoming a core that other apps are integrating to, and that users are integrating with their wider SaaS stack. It’s becoming a focal integration point for app access and functionality in a way that's more comparable to an enterprise cloud platform than a typical SaaS tool. ",{"data":7406,"content":7410,"nodeType":912},{"target":7407},{"sys":7408},{"id":7409,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2Vxb48M5JN9Jdy8BG6nbUJ",[],{"data":7412,"content":7413,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":7415,"content":7416,"nodeType":981},{},[7417],{"data":7418,"marks":7419,"value":7421,"nodeType":865},{},[7420],{"type":926},"What is shadow AI? A quick 101",{"data":7423,"content":7424,"nodeType":866},{},[7425],{"data":7426,"marks":7427,"value":7428,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow AI is any use of AI tools, services, or integrations that happens outside an organization's security governance and visibility. Shadow AI risks cut in two directions:",{"data":7430,"content":7431,"nodeType":1616},{},[7432,7447],{"data":7433,"content":7434,"nodeType":1570},{},[7435],{"data":7436,"content":7437,"nodeType":866},{},[7438,7443],{"data":7439,"marks":7440,"value":7442,"nodeType":865},{},[7441],{"type":926},"Data exposure:",{"data":7444,"marks":7445,"value":7446,"nodeType":865},{},[]," source code, credentials, internal documents, and customer data routinely get pasted into AI prompts or uploaded as context, and once shared, that data is outside the organization's control. ",{"data":7448,"content":7449,"nodeType":1570},{},[7450],{"data":7451,"content":7452,"nodeType":866},{},[7453,7458],{"data":7454,"marks":7455,"value":7457,"nodeType":865},{},[7456],{"type":926},"Attack surface:",{"data":7459,"marks":7460,"value":7461,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Every shadow AI app is an unmanaged identity with credentials that can be phished or stuffed, OAuth grants that give persistent API access to corporate systems, and browser extensions that can be compromised in supply chain attacks. ",{"data":7463,"content":7464,"nodeType":866},{},[7465],{"data":7466,"marks":7467,"value":7468,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI tools increasingly function as hubs, connected via OAuth and MCP to email, cloud storage, code repositories, and other high-value systems. Every app connection an employee grants turns that AI tool into a node in a web of interconnected services, which means the more you hook in, the larger the attack surface across all the connected apps — and the greater the blast radius if the account used to access the AI tool is compromised.",{"data":7470,"content":7471,"nodeType":866},{},[7472,7476,7484,7488,7496],{"data":7473,"marks":7474,"value":7475,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Each integration creates a persistent trust relationship that survives password resets and MFA changes. Compromise a single AI app and an attacker inherits whatever access the employee granted it, turning one ungoverned tool into a pivot point across the SaaS estate. Attackers are already exploiting this interconnectivity — from ",{"data":7477,"content":7479,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7478},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign",[7480],{"data":7481,"marks":7482,"value":7483,"nodeType":865},{},[],"malvertising campaigns that impersonate AI tools",{"data":7485,"marks":7486,"value":7487,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to steal credentials, to ",{"data":7489,"content":7491,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7490},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach",[7492],{"data":7493,"marks":7494,"value":7495,"nodeType":865},{},[],"leveraging OAuth consent grants in supply chain attacks",{"data":7497,"marks":7498,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":7500,"content":7504,"nodeType":912},{"target":7501},{"sys":7502},{"id":7503,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1BWCa7AHCMlYw7XgPLx3h7",[],{"data":7506,"content":7507,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":7509,"content":7510,"nodeType":981},{},[7511],{"data":7512,"marks":7513,"value":7515,"nodeType":865},{},[7514],{"type":926},"The state of shadow AI, using Push data",{"data":7517,"content":7518,"nodeType":866},{},[7519],{"data":7520,"marks":7521,"value":7522,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We analyzed a snapshot of AI activity across Push customers during an average week in April 2026. We wanted to make sure it captured actual activity, not just historical data on apps that were added once and no longer used.",{"data":7524,"content":7525,"nodeType":866},{},[7526],{"data":7527,"marks":7528,"value":7530,"nodeType":865},{},[7529],{"type":926},"The numbers paint a picture that most security teams will find uncomfortable.",{"data":7532,"content":7533,"nodeType":866},{},[7534,7538,7543,7547,7552,7555,7560,7564,7569],{"data":7535,"marks":7536,"value":7537,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The average organization has ",{"data":7539,"marks":7540,"value":7542,"nodeType":865},{},[7541],{"type":926},"16 unique AI apps",{"data":7544,"marks":7545,"value":7546,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in active use, ",{"data":7548,"marks":7549,"value":7551,"nodeType":865},{},[7550],{"type":926},"17 unique AI browser extensions",{"data":7553,"marks":7554,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":7556,"marks":7557,"value":7559,"nodeType":865},{},[7558],{"type":926},"17 unique AI OAuth integrations",{"data":7561,"marks":7562,"value":7563,"nodeType":865},{},[]," connected into just Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 — with some organizations reaching as high as 40 unique AI apps, 163 AI extensions, and 55 OAuth connections to AI apps respectively. At the other end, the smallest organization with the ",{"data":7565,"marks":7566,"value":7568,"nodeType":865},{},[7567],{"type":898},"lowest",{"data":7570,"marks":7571,"value":7572,"nodeType":865},{},[]," adoption level is actively using two. ",{"data":7574,"content":7578,"nodeType":912},{"target":7575},{"sys":7576},{"id":7577,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2AfeiHub5kyZN8wuf6CJch",[],{"data":7580,"content":7581,"nodeType":866},{},[7582],{"data":7583,"marks":7584,"value":7585,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If most organizations have sanctioned one or two core AI assistants/platforms for business use, the gap between what's approved and what's actually happening is significant.",{"data":7587,"content":7590,"nodeType":912},{"target":7588},{"sys":7589},{"id":1496,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":7592,"content":7593,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":7595,"content":7596,"nodeType":981},{},[7597],{"data":7598,"marks":7599,"value":7601,"nodeType":865},{},[7600],{"type":926},"Understanding the four categories of shadow AI",{"data":7603,"content":7604,"nodeType":866},{},[7605],{"data":7606,"marks":7607,"value":7608,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow SaaS has always been a problem, but in the context of AI apps there are four categories of shadow IT that security teams need to understand, because each one introduces a different kind of risk and requires a different approach to tackling it.",{"data":7610,"content":7611,"nodeType":1317},{},[7612],{"data":7613,"marks":7614,"value":7616,"nodeType":865},{},[7615],{"type":926},"Shadow AI apps",{"data":7618,"content":7619,"nodeType":866},{},[7620],{"data":7621,"marks":7622,"value":7623,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow apps are AI tools that employees have signed up to and are using for business purposes without approval. This is the most visible dimension of the problem, and the one most people think of when they hear \"shadow AI\" — an employee pastes sensitive internal documents into ChatGPT, uploads confidential files to an AI assistant, or uses an unapproved coding tool to generate production code.",{"data":7625,"content":7626,"nodeType":866},{},[7627],{"data":7628,"marks":7629,"value":7630,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All of that is sensitive data leaving the organization through channels the security team can't see - and often accessible using personal accounts that can be compromised on personal devices or workstations. ",{"data":7632,"content":7633,"nodeType":866},{},[7634,7638,7643],{"data":7635,"marks":7636,"value":7637,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The 2026 DBIR's data loss prevention analysis underscores the scale — shadow AI is now the ",{"data":7639,"marks":7640,"value":7642,"nodeType":865},{},[7641],{"type":926},"third most common non-malicious insider action",{"data":7644,"marks":7645,"value":7646,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in DLP data, a 4x increase year-over-year. Across 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI tools, the most common data types being submitted were source code (28%), images (16%), structured data (14%), documents (13%), and PDFs (10%). That's not employees asking ChatGPT to fix their grammar — it's core intellectual property, production code, and internal documentation flowing into platforms the security team has no visibility into. But shadow apps themselves are only the most obvious part of the problem.",{"data":7648,"content":7649,"nodeType":1317},{},[7650],{"data":7651,"marks":7652,"value":7654,"nodeType":865},{},[7653],{"type":926},"Shadow tenants",{"data":7656,"content":7657,"nodeType":866},{},[7658,7662,7667,7671,7676],{"data":7659,"marks":7660,"value":7661,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even when an organization has approved an AI tool — say, an enterprise ChatGPT deployment — employees frequently access the same app with personal accounts, creating shadow tenants that sit entirely outside organizational control. The DBIR found that ",{"data":7663,"marks":7664,"value":7666,"nodeType":865},{},[7665],{"type":926},"67% of GenAI users on corporate devices are using non-corporate accounts",{"data":7668,"marks":7669,"value":7670,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and our own data shows that ",{"data":7672,"marks":7673,"value":7675,"nodeType":865},{},[7674],{"type":926},"38% of file uploads to AI tools are made from shadow accounts",{"data":7677,"marks":7678,"value":7679,"nodeType":865},{},[]," rather than approved organizational ones.",{"data":7681,"content":7682,"nodeType":866},{},[7683],{"data":7684,"marks":7685,"value":7686,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When an organization approves Claude, ChatGPT, or another core AI platform, you typically also approve the OAuth integration and browser extension for core apps (e.g. M365, Google Workspace, and so on). When that integration is approved, it is approved for all tenants — not just your corporate tenant. ",{"data":7688,"content":7692,"nodeType":912},{"target":7689},{"sys":7690},{"id":7691,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3Rvw0n28AYIM3FQXtHyafD",[],{"data":7694,"content":7695,"nodeType":866},{},[7696],{"data":7697,"marks":7698,"value":7699,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means that even if you've deployed enterprise controls around your sanctioned AI tools — DLP policies, retention settings, admin oversight — more than a third of the file uploads hitting AI tools are bypassing those controls entirely because they're happening through personal accounts on corporate devices.",{"data":7701,"content":7702,"nodeType":1317},{},[7703],{"data":7704,"marks":7705,"value":7707,"nodeType":865},{},[7706],{"type":926},"Shadow extensions",{"data":7709,"content":7710,"nodeType":866},{},[7711,7715,7719],{"data":7712,"marks":7713,"value":7714,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Many AI tools come with a browser extension counterpart, and there's a large ecosystem of third-party AI extensions that offer everything from writing assistance to automated data extraction. The average organization in our dataset has ",{"data":7716,"marks":7717,"value":7551,"nodeType":865},{},[7718],{"type":926},{"data":7720,"marks":7721,"value":7722,"nodeType":865},{},[]," deployed across its workforce, with the highest we observed reaching 163 — and since each of those average 17 different extensions may be installed by multiple employees, the actual number of individual extension installs across the organization is much higher still.",{"data":7724,"content":7725,"nodeType":866},{},[7726,7730,7737,7741,7746],{"data":7727,"marks":7728,"value":7729,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The extension dimension is particularly concerning because most extensions operate with significant privilege inside the browser — they can read and modify page content, access cookies and session tokens, and interact with virtually every web application an employee uses. As we detailed in our recent analysis of ",{"data":7731,"content":7732,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3720},[7733],{"data":7734,"marks":7735,"value":7736,"nodeType":865},{},[],"browser extension risk scoring",{"data":7738,"marks":7739,"value":7740,"nodeType":865},{},[],", at least ",{"data":7742,"marks":7743,"value":7745,"nodeType":865},{},[7744],{"type":926},"46.76% of all extensions across Push customers have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":7747,"marks":7748,"value":7749,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and the extensions involved in every major supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as normal or low-risk beforehand.",{"data":7751,"content":7755,"nodeType":912},{"target":7752},{"sys":7753},{"id":7754,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3z4JOMALI52xoOXZkzPHLD",[],{"data":7757,"content":7758,"nodeType":866},{},[7759,7763,7770],{"data":7760,"marks":7761,"value":7762,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI extensions add a specific wrinkle to this problem: many are branded to look like official companions to well-known AI tools but are actually third-party creations with no affiliation to the original vendor. They're not necessarily malicious at the point of installation, but they're exactly the kind of extension that's likely to be ",{"data":7764,"content":7765,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3720},[7766],{"data":7767,"marks":7768,"value":7769,"nodeType":865},{},[],"acquired and weaponized",{"data":7771,"marks":7772,"value":7773,"nodeType":865},{},[]," down the line — and in the meantime, they're collecting data that their permissions entitle them to (which, in most cases, means everything the user can see in their browser).",{"data":7775,"content":7779,"nodeType":912},{"target":7776},{"sys":7777},{"id":7778,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6K3z67rohss6H3lCsSn12B",[],{"data":7781,"content":7782,"nodeType":1317},{},[7783],{"data":7784,"marks":7785,"value":7787,"nodeType":865},{},[7786],{"type":926},"Shadow integrations",{"data":7789,"content":7790,"nodeType":866},{},[7791],{"data":7792,"marks":7793,"value":7794,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The fourth dimension — and arguably the most dangerous — is shadow integrations: OAuth connections between AI tools and core enterprise apps that aren't known or approved by the security team. Even if an organization has approved an AI tool for standalone use, plugging that tool directly into Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Salesforce, or any other one of the dozen or so SaaS apps in a typical user’s work stack is a fundamentally different risk decision, because it creates a persistent, programmatic bridge between your environment and a third party.",{"data":7796,"content":7797,"nodeType":866},{},[7798,7802,7807,7811,7816],{"data":7799,"marks":7800,"value":7801,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On average, we see ",{"data":7803,"marks":7804,"value":7806,"nodeType":865},{},[7805],{"type":926},"17 unique AI app OAuth integrations per organization",{"data":7808,"marks":7809,"value":7810,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in ",{"data":7812,"marks":7813,"value":7815,"nodeType":865},{},[7814],{"type":898},"just",{"data":7817,"marks":7818,"value":7819,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 (to be clear: this number excludes the dozens of downstream apps the AI assistants are integrated with as well), with the highest reaching 55. Each of those represents a unique AI product that has been granted OAuth access — the total number of individual consent grants across users is larger, because popular integrations get authorized by multiple employees independently.",{"data":7821,"content":7822,"nodeType":866},{},[7823],{"data":7824,"marks":7825,"value":7826,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The actual number of AI-related OAuth connections across the full SaaS estate is considerably higher again, because AI tools that automate workflows need to be connected to be useful — pulling data from one app, analyzing it in another, presenting results in a third.",{"data":7828,"content":7829,"nodeType":866},{},[7830],{"data":7831,"marks":7832,"value":7833,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MCP connections use OAuth to achieve this interconnectivity in the same way, and AI coding agents create a particularly concentrated version of the risk: a single agent configuration can hold OAuth tokens for Jira, Confluence, Salesforce, GitHub, and more, meaning that compromising one agent — whether through prompt injection, a malicious repository config, or a supply chain attack on an MCP server — yields persistent, broadly scoped tokens for every service it was connected to, tokens that survive session restarts and generate audit log entries indistinguishable from legitimate user activity.",{"data":7835,"content":7836,"nodeType":866},{},[7837],{"data":7838,"marks":7839,"value":7840,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It's also worth noting that OAuth blast radius is almost always larger than organizations expect. A single well-permissioned user can expose secrets, dashboards, and internal tooling without tenant-wide admin access. And every new AI tool an employee connects makes the web of abusable permissions a little wider.",{"data":7842,"content":7846,"nodeType":912},{"target":7843},{"sys":7844},{"id":7845,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4SnzJ9T93gHzFIUASx7Yb3",[],{"data":7848,"content":7849,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":7851,"content":7852,"nodeType":981},{},[7853],{"data":7854,"marks":7855,"value":7857,"nodeType":865},{},[7856],{"type":926},"Why shadow AI needs a different solution to shadow SaaS",{"data":7859,"content":7860,"nodeType":866},{},[7861],{"data":7862,"marks":7863,"value":7864,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The reason it's worth distinguishing between these four dimensions isn't academic. Each one requires a different control, and addressing one doesn't solve the others.",{"data":7866,"content":7867,"nodeType":866},{},[7868],{"data":7869,"marks":7870,"value":7871,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Blocking unsanctioned AI apps does nothing for the personal accounts accessing approved ones, and neither addresses the average 17 different AI extensions running with broad browser permissions, let alone the dozens of OAuth integrations that have already been granted persistent access to core enterprise apps — and even auditing OAuth in Google Workspace and Microsoft 365, where the controls are relatively mature, leaves the broader SaaS estate unaddressed, where admin tooling is inconsistent and visibility is limited.",{"data":7873,"content":7874,"nodeType":866},{},[7875,7879,7886],{"data":7876,"marks":7877,"value":7878,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The tooling gap compounds the policy gap. ",{"data":7880,"content":7881,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3963},[7882],{"data":7883,"marks":7884,"value":7885,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Omdia found",{"data":7887,"marks":7888,"value":7889,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that 58% of organizations rely on secure web gateways to secure GenAI usage — but an SWG can tell you that a user visited ChatGPT, not whether they pasted your source code into the prompt. 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And two years on, that trend has become the story of the modern threat landscape. ",{"data":9580,"content":9581,"nodeType":866},{},[9582,9586,9594],{"data":9583,"marks":9584,"value":9585,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Today, we're re-releasing the matrix as the ",{"data":9587,"content":9589,"nodeType":889},{"uri":9588},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/",[9590],{"data":9591,"marks":9592,"value":9593,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix",{"data":9595,"marks":9596,"value":9597,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The name change isn't cosmetic. 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AiTM phishing, ClickFix and its growing family of clipboard-injection variants, device code phishing, OAuth consent abuse, credential stuffing powered by infostealer supply chains, malicious browser extensions all happen in or via the browser.",{"data":9637,"content":9638,"nodeType":866},{},[9639],{"data":9640,"marks":9641,"value":9642,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another issue is that \"SaaS\" has arguably ceased to be a meaningful category. When we consider that most organizations run the majority of their business on cloud applications, the difference between what constitutes \"SaaS\" versus cloud versus just \"business IT\" is pretty blurry (and feels like an academic rather than practical difference).",{"data":9644,"content":9645,"nodeType":866},{},[9646],{"data":9647,"marks":9648,"value":9650,"nodeType":865},{},[9649],{"type":926},"So it's less about whether an attack is a \"SaaS attack\" and more about how these attacks actually play out. ",{"data":9652,"content":9653,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":9655,"content":9656,"nodeType":981},{},[9657],{"data":9658,"marks":9659,"value":9661,"nodeType":865},{},[9660],{"type":926},"The technique landscape has transformed",{"data":9663,"content":9664,"nodeType":866},{},[9665],{"data":9666,"marks":9667,"value":9668,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The second part to the change is the fact that scale and speed of attacker innovation in the space justifies it.",{"data":9670,"content":9671,"nodeType":866},{},[9672],{"data":9673,"marks":9674,"value":9675,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we launched the matrix in mid-2023, AiTM phishing was emerging as a serious concern but was far from ubiquitous. ClickFix didn't exist as a named technique. Device code phishing was a curiosity documented by a handful of researchers. ConsentFix was years away from being discovered. Browser extension supply chain attacks were rare enough to be individually notable.",{"data":9677,"content":9678,"nodeType":866},{},[9679],{"data":9680,"marks":9681,"value":9682,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the two and a half years since, every one of these has become a mainstream, industrialized attack technique — and several have converged in ways that would have been hard to predict.",{"data":9684,"content":9688,"nodeType":912},{"target":9685},{"sys":9686},{"id":9687,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5Kw2kSrL8u4VyslxK8HCtR",[],{"data":9690,"content":9691,"nodeType":1317},{},[9692],{"data":9693,"marks":9694,"value":9696,"nodeType":865},{},[9695],{"type":926},"AiTM phishing has become the default phishing method",{"data":9698,"content":9699,"nodeType":866},{},[9700,9704,9712],{"data":9701,"marks":9702,"value":9703,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM phishing is now the standard, powered by Phishing-as-a-Service kits that operate with the release cycles and customer support of legitimate SaaS products. Tycoon 2FA alone accounted for ",{"data":9705,"content":9707,"nodeType":889},{"uri":9706},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/2025-top-phishing-trends/",[9708],{"data":9709,"marks":9710,"value":9711,"nodeType":865},{},[],"62% of phishing detected by Microsoft",{"data":9713,"marks":9714,"value":9715,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and over 64,000 confirmed incidents, with Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx, and a growing roster of competitors filling out the marketplace.",{"data":9717,"content":9718,"nodeType":866},{},[9719],{"data":9720,"marks":9721,"value":9722,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM is constantly evolving, with vendors adding new features, capabilities, detection evasion techniques, and so on. Abuse of legitimate platforms, and increasingly AI-assisted development means that it’s trivial for attackers to spin up and tear down infrastructure, scale their campaigns, target specific organizations with crafted pages and lures, and generally means that attackers can operate highly sophisticated attacks with minimal effort and complexity. This makes AiTM and other PhaaS-powered techniques extremely accessible to all kinds of criminals.  ",{"data":9724,"content":9725,"nodeType":866},{},[9726],{"data":9727,"marks":9728,"value":9729,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These kits are delivered across several browser-based channels — not just email. Push data consistently shows that roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads we intercept arrive via social media, search ads, messaging apps, or other non-email vectors.",{"data":9731,"content":9732,"nodeType":866},{},[9733,9737,9742],{"data":9734,"marks":9735,"value":9736,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Vishing has also surged as a delivery channel — CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":9738,"marks":9739,"value":9741,"nodeType":865},{},[9740],{"type":926},"442% year-over-year increase",{"data":9743,"marks":9744,"value":9745,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and Mandiant found it was the single most common initial vector in cloud compromises at 23%. But the trend that matters isn't voice calls in isolation; it's voice calls combined with browser-based payloads, where a live operator guides the victim into an AiTM page or device code flow that the call alone could not execute.",{"data":9747,"content":9748,"nodeType":1317},{},[9749],{"data":9750,"marks":9751,"value":9753,"nodeType":865},{},[9752],{"type":926},"ClickFix is the top reported initial access vector",{"data":9755,"content":9756,"nodeType":866},{},[9757,9761,9768,9772,9779],{"data":9758,"marks":9759,"value":9760,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix has gone from nonexistent to one of the most prevalent initial access techniques in under 18 months. Microsoft reported it as the ",{"data":9762,"content":9763,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6207},[9764],{"data":9765,"marks":9766,"value":9767,"nodeType":865},{},[],"most common initial access vector in 2025",{"data":9769,"marks":9770,"value":9771,"nodeType":865},{},[],", accounting for 47% of observed attacks, while CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":9773,"content":9774,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1929},[9775],{"data":9776,"marks":9777,"value":9778,"nodeType":865},{},[],"563% increase",{"data":9780,"marks":9781,"value":9782,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in fake CAPTCHA lures (a top ClickFix style).",{"data":9784,"content":9785,"nodeType":866},{},[9786,9790,9795],{"data":9787,"marks":9788,"value":9789,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix is admittedly an outlier in a browser attacks matrix — the payload ultimately executes on the endpoint, not in the browser — but the delivery is overwhelmingly browser-based: ",{"data":9791,"marks":9792,"value":9794,"nodeType":865},{},[9793],{"type":926},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads",{"data":9796,"marks":9797,"value":9798,"nodeType":865},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive via search engines as a result of malvertising or compromised web pages, not email, which means the browser is the only control point that actually sees the attack before the user pastes the malicious command.",{"data":9800,"content":9801,"nodeType":866},{},[9802],{"data":9803,"marks":9804,"value":9805,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix is now the primary delivery mechanism for infostealer malware, which is in turn the primary source of the stolen credentials and session tokens that power credential stuffing and session hijacking — which means the technique sits at the start of a cycle where one class of browser-delivered attack generates the raw material for the next.",{"data":9807,"content":9808,"nodeType":866},{},[9809,9813,9820,9824,9830],{"data":9810,"marks":9811,"value":9812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The success of ClickFix has predictably spawned a growing family of derivatives — FileFix, CrashFix, ",{"data":9814,"content":9815,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6477},[9816],{"data":9817,"marks":9818,"value":9819,"nodeType":865},{},[],"InstallFix",{"data":9821,"marks":9822,"value":9823,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — and much of the naming is marketing hype around variations on the same clipboard-injection mechanic. But ",{"data":9825,"content":9826,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6236},[9827],{"data":9828,"marks":9829,"value":6229,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":9831,"marks":9832,"value":9833,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was a genuinely novel development.",{"data":9835,"content":9836,"nodeType":1317},{},[9837],{"data":9838,"marks":9839,"value":9841,"nodeType":865},{},[9840],{"type":926},"Browser-native ClickFix: ConsentFix",{"data":9843,"content":9844,"nodeType":866},{},[9845,9849,9857,9861,9868],{"data":9846,"marks":9847,"value":9848,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix is a fully browser-native attack that merged ClickFix-style social engineering with OAuth consent abuse, compromising accounts through a legitimate Microsoft authorization flow with no endpoint component at all. ConsentFix was ",{"data":9850,"content":9852,"nodeType":889},{"uri":9851},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-debrief/",[9853],{"data":9854,"marks":9855,"value":9856,"nodeType":865},{},[],"traced to APT29",{"data":9858,"marks":9859,"value":9860,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and has since been ",{"data":9862,"content":9863,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4853},[9864],{"data":9865,"marks":9866,"value":9867,"nodeType":865},{},[],"commercialized on criminal forums",{"data":9869,"marks":9870,"value":9871,"nodeType":865},{},[],", following the same path from state-sponsored technique to commodity criminal tooling that we've seen repeatedly in this space.",{"data":9873,"content":9874,"nodeType":866},{},[9875],{"data":9876,"marks":9877,"value":9878,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix demonstrates that the clipboard-injection mechanic can evolve into something that operates entirely within the browser, eliminating the endpoint detection surface that traditional ClickFix still exposed.",{"data":9880,"content":9881,"nodeType":1317},{},[9882],{"data":9883,"marks":9884,"value":9886,"nodeType":865},{},[9885],{"type":926},"Attackers have pivoted to authorization attacks to get around login controls",{"data":9888,"content":9889,"nodeType":866},{},[9890,9894,9901],{"data":9891,"marks":9892,"value":9893,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Authorization attacks like device code phishing have seen a ",{"data":9895,"content":9896,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},[9897],{"data":9898,"marks":9899,"value":9900,"nodeType":865},{},[],"37.5x increase",{"data":9902,"marks":9903,"value":9904,"nodeType":865},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with at least 12 distinct kits now offering the technique. It bypasses standard authentication controls — including passkeys — because the attack occurs through the OAuth device authorization flow rather than the standard login flow. ",{"data":9906,"content":9907,"nodeType":866},{},[9908],{"data":9909,"marks":9910,"value":9911,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The technique was first associated with nation-state actors like Storm-2372, but went from espionage-grade to commodity PhaaS tooling in roughly eighteen months, with kits like EvilTokens and Venom now offering turnkey device code phishing as a service.",{"data":9913,"content":9914,"nodeType":866},{},[9915],{"data":9916,"marks":9917,"value":9918,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The device code authorization is effectively performed post-authentication. If you already have an active session in your browser, entering the device code and selecting your account from a drop-down menu is all that's needed. No password or MFA required. You can see an example in the video below.",{"data":9920,"content":9924,"nodeType":912},{"target":9921},{"sys":9922},{"id":9923,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2WPb41lNRajdpt5pogQg8M",[],{"data":9926,"content":9927,"nodeType":866},{},[9928],{"data":9929,"marks":9930,"value":9931,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And the ecosystem is adapting to this opportunity: established AiTM vendors like Tycoon are adding authorization-focused options alongside their existing credential-harvesting capabilities, which points toward multi-technique platforms where operators pick the right tool for whatever defenses the target has in place.",{"data":9933,"content":9934,"nodeType":1317},{},[9935],{"data":9936,"marks":9937,"value":9939,"nodeType":865},{},[9938],{"type":926},"Malicious and hacked browser extensions are one of the fastest growing threats",{"data":9941,"content":9942,"nodeType":866},{},[9943,9947,9954],{"data":9944,"marks":9945,"value":9946,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions have matured from an occasional nuisance into a scalable supply chain attack vector. The ",{"data":9948,"content":9949,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3720},[9950],{"data":9951,"marks":9952,"value":9953,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cyberhaven compromise",{"data":9955,"marks":9956,"value":9957,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in December 2024 — where approximately 35 extensions were weaponized through a single OAuth phishing campaign targeting developers — impacted 2.6 million users and demonstrated that extension supply chain attacks can achieve the kind of reach that used to require a compromised software update server.",{"data":9959,"content":9960,"nodeType":866},{},[9961],{"data":9962,"marks":9963,"value":9964,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Since Cyberhaven, the pace has only accelerated. In 2026 alone, researchers have publicly disclosed at least 250 confirmed malicious browser extensions affecting roughly 1.75 million users, alongside a further 370+ extensions engaged in undisclosed or policy-disclosed data harvesting affecting an additional 44 million users. That doesn't count the extensions from late-2025 campaigns (DarkSpectre, AITOPIA, Trust Wallet) whose impacts carried into 2026.",{"data":9966,"content":9967,"nodeType":866},{},[9968,9972,9980],{"data":9969,"marks":9970,"value":9971,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack paths have also expanded. Beyond phishing developers for take over Web Store accounts (the Cyberhaven playbook), attackers are buying existing extensions from developers, waiting for ownership transfers or abandonments to take over, and increasingly vibe-coding their own functional extensions from scratch to build an audience that can later be weaponized. The common thread is that ",{"data":9973,"content":9974,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3720},[9975],{"data":9976,"marks":9977,"value":9979,"nodeType":865},{},[9978],{"type":943},"most malicious extensions didn't start out malicious",{"data":9981,"marks":9982,"value":9983,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — they started as legitimate tools and were turned into weapons after the fact.",{"data":9985,"content":9986,"nodeType":866},{},[9987],{"data":9988,"marks":9989,"value":9990,"nodeType":865},{},[],"None of this is happening in isolation. The threat landscape has reoriented around browser-based initial access and identity compromise — and the matrix needed to catch up.",{"data":9992,"content":9993,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":9995,"content":9996,"nodeType":981},{},[9997],{"data":9998,"marks":9999,"value":10001,"nodeType":865},{},[10000],{"type":926},"The evolution is playing out in public breaches",{"data":10003,"content":10004,"nodeType":866},{},[10005],{"data":10006,"marks":10007,"value":10008,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth reinforcing that when the SaaS matrix was first released, many of these attacks hadn’t been seen in the wild. The change today is staggering:",{"data":10010,"content":10011,"nodeType":1616},{},[10012,10034,10056,10076],{"data":10013,"content":10014,"nodeType":1570},{},[10015],{"data":10016,"content":10017,"nodeType":866},{},[10018,10022,10030],{"data":10019,"marks":10020,"value":10021,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When ",{"data":10023,"content":10025,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10024},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters/",[10026],{"data":10027,"marks":10028,"value":10029,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters",{"data":10031,"marks":10032,"value":10033,"nodeType":865},{},[]," compromised over a thousand organizations' Salesforce tenants through device code phishing, the attack started with a phone call, moved through a browser-based authorization flow for the attacker’s app, and ended with mass data exfiltration via API.",{"data":10035,"content":10036,"nodeType":1570},{},[10037],{"data":10038,"content":10039,"nodeType":866},{},[10040,10044,10052],{"data":10041,"marks":10042,"value":10043,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When the same collective launched ",{"data":10045,"content":10047,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10046},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-latest-slh-campaign/",[10048],{"data":10049,"marks":10050,"value":10051,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM phishing campaigns",{"data":10053,"marks":10054,"value":10055,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeting Okta and Entra SSO, the phishing page was operated by a human in real time and delivered over a voice call — not email.",{"data":10057,"content":10058,"nodeType":1570},{},[10059],{"data":10060,"content":10061,"nodeType":866},{},[10062,10065,10072],{"data":10063,"marks":10064,"value":10021,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10066,"content":10067,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6236},[10068],{"data":10069,"marks":10070,"value":10071,"nodeType":865},{},[],"APT29 deployed ConsentFix",{"data":10073,"marks":10074,"value":10075,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across dozens of compromised websites, the entire attack chain was browser-native, abusing a legitimate Microsoft OAuth flow to bypass MFA without proxying a single credential.",{"data":10077,"content":10078,"nodeType":1570},{},[10079],{"data":10080,"content":10081,"nodeType":866},{},[10082,10085,10092],{"data":10083,"marks":10084,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10086,"content":10088,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10087},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024",[10089],{"data":10090,"marks":10091,"value":3493,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10093,"marks":10094,"value":10095,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — arguably the most consequential credential-based campaign of the past several years — saw 165 organizations breached using credentials that had been sitting in infostealer dumps for years, replayed against Snowflake tenants that lacked mandatory MFA. The attack surface wasn't Snowflake's application logic; it was the identity hygiene gap that every organization carries across hundreds of apps.",{"data":10097,"content":10098,"nodeType":866},{},[10099],{"data":10100,"marks":10101,"value":10102,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And that’s just the big picture. Every month we’re tracking new public breaches involving browser and identity TTPs — which again, are just the tip of the iceberg when you consider that many breaches are settled quietly without hitting the headlines. ",{"data":10104,"content":10105,"nodeType":866},{},[10106,10110,10115],{"data":10107,"marks":10108,"value":10109,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the key drivers here is the shrinking time-to-exploit. CrowdStrike's average e-crime breakout time is down to ",{"data":10111,"marks":10112,"value":10114,"nodeType":865},{},[10113],{"type":926},"29 minutes",{"data":10116,"marks":10117,"value":10118,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with the fastest recorded at 27 seconds. When attackers can move from initial access to data exfiltration within minutes, the window for post-compromise detection collapses to near zero. The best chance of stopping the attack is at the point of initial access before the identity is compromised.",{"data":10120,"content":10121,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":10123,"content":10124,"nodeType":981},{},[10125,10130,10136,10141,10147],{"data":10126,"marks":10127,"value":10129,"nodeType":865},{},[10128],{"type":926},"Sidenote: why we're looking at attacks ",{"data":10131,"marks":10132,"value":10135,"nodeType":865},{},[10133,10134],{"type":898},{"type":926},"in",{"data":10137,"marks":10138,"value":10140,"nodeType":865},{},[10139],{"type":926}," the browser, not ",{"data":10142,"marks":10143,"value":10146,"nodeType":865},{},[10144,10145],{"type":898},{"type":926},"on",{"data":10148,"marks":10149,"value":10151,"nodeType":865},{},[10150],{"type":926}," the browser",{"data":10153,"content":10154,"nodeType":866},{},[10155,10159,10167],{"data":10156,"marks":10157,"value":10158,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Calling this a \"browser attacks\" matrix needs clarification. We're not talking about browser exploits — RCE vulnerabilities, sandbox escapes, memory corruption bugs. Those attacks target the browser itself, they're extraordinarily expensive to develop, and they're increasingly rare. Browser zero-days hit a ",{"data":10160,"content":10162,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10161},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/2025-zero-day-review",[10163],{"data":10164,"marks":10165,"value":10166,"nodeType":865},{},[],"historic low of 9%",{"data":10168,"marks":10169,"value":10170,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of all zero-days reported to Google, and a Chrome RCE commands a $250,000 bug bounty.",{"data":10172,"content":10173,"nodeType":866},{},[10174],{"data":10175,"marks":10176,"value":10177,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In comparison, a one-year phishing kit rental costs $1,000. A bulk stolen credential list costs $15. An initial-access-broker-provided IdP admin account costs $3,000. When it costs orders of magnitude less to exploit the person using the browser than to exploit the browser itself, attackers will take the cheaper option every time.",{"data":10179,"content":10180,"nodeType":866},{},[10181],{"data":10182,"marks":10183,"value":10184,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It's worth heading off the obvious counterargument: won't AI-assisted vulnerability discovery eventually make browser exploits cheaper? Perhaps — but it will simultaneously make them easier for browser vendors to find and patch, and vendors like Google and Microsoft have the engineering capacity and financial incentive to scale AI-driven remediation far faster than attackers can scale exploit development.",{"data":10186,"content":10187,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":10189,"content":10190,"nodeType":981},{},[10191],{"data":10192,"marks":10193,"value":10195,"nodeType":865},{},[10194],{"type":926},"What hasn't changed",{"data":10197,"content":10198,"nodeType":866},{},[10199,10203,10211],{"data":10200,"marks":10201,"value":10202,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The matrix remains open-source, community-maintained, and available on ",{"data":10204,"content":10206,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10205},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks",[10207],{"data":10208,"marks":10209,"value":10210,"nodeType":865},{},[],"GitHub",{"data":10212,"marks":10213,"value":10214,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The goal is the same as it was in 2023: to give offensive and defensive security teams a shared reference point for the techniques that matter most.",{"data":10216,"content":10217,"nodeType":866},{},[10218],{"data":10219,"marks":10220,"value":10221,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We built it because there was a gap in how the industry talked about these techniques, and that gap still exists — MITRE ATT&CK remains essential for endpoint and network TTPs, but the browser-based, identity-first techniques behind most modern breaches are still underrepresented in traditional frameworks.",{"data":10223,"content":10224,"nodeType":866},{},[10225],{"data":10226,"marks":10227,"value":10228,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We continue to maintain the matrix with input from red teams, detection engineers, and threat researchers across the community. Some of the most valuable additions over the past two years have come from practitioners who encountered a technique on an engagement or in an investigation and contributed it back to the repository.",{"data":10230,"content":10231,"nodeType":866},{},[10232,10236,10243],{"data":10233,"marks":10234,"value":10235,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you're an offensive security professional using these techniques on engagements, or a defender building detections against them, we want to hear from you. Submit a PR, open a discussion, or flag a technique we've missed on ",{"data":10237,"content":10239,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10238},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/browser-identity-attacks-matrix",[10240],{"data":10241,"marks":10242,"value":10210,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10244,"marks":10245,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10247,"content":10248,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":10250,"content":10251,"nodeType":981},{},[10252],{"data":10253,"marks":10254,"value":10256,"nodeType":865},{},[10255],{"type":926},"Looking ahead",{"data":10258,"content":10259,"nodeType":866},{},[10260],{"data":10261,"marks":10262,"value":10263,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The pace of attacker innovation in browser-based initial access techniques over the past 18 months has been unlike anything we've tracked before — technique after technique moving from research curiosity to industrialized criminal tooling within months, not years.",{"data":10265,"content":10266,"nodeType":1616},{},[10267,10277,10287],{"data":10268,"content":10269,"nodeType":1570},{},[10270],{"data":10271,"content":10272,"nodeType":866},{},[10273],{"data":10274,"marks":10275,"value":10276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM platforms are adding authorization-based attack options alongside their credential-harvesting capabilities.",{"data":10278,"content":10279,"nodeType":1570},{},[10280],{"data":10281,"content":10282,"nodeType":866},{},[10283],{"data":10284,"marks":10285,"value":10286,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix has spawned fully browser-native variants.",{"data":10288,"content":10289,"nodeType":1570},{},[10290],{"data":10291,"content":10292,"nodeType":866},{},[10293],{"data":10294,"marks":10295,"value":10296,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is lowering the cost of producing convincing social engineering and phishing infrastructure at scale.",{"data":10298,"content":10299,"nodeType":866},{},[10300],{"data":10301,"marks":10302,"value":10303,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We don't see any of this slowing down, and that's exactly why thinking about these attacks as a browser problem instead of siloing them across email, endpoint, network, and cloud categories, each with a partial view of the picture (and still missing the whole when combined).",{"data":10305,"content":10306,"nodeType":866},{},[10307,10311,10318],{"data":10308,"marks":10309,"value":10310,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix is our contribution to keeping that shared understanding current. You can ",{"data":10312,"content":10313,"nodeType":889},{"uri":9588},[10314],{"data":10315,"marks":10316,"value":10317,"nodeType":865},{},[],"explore the matrix here",{"data":10319,"marks":10320,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10322,"content":10323,"nodeType":866},{},[10324,10328,10335],{"data":10325,"marks":10326,"value":10327,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also read our recent ",{"data":10329,"content":10330,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1419},[10331],{"data":10332,"marks":10333,"value":10334,"nodeType":865},{},[],"browser attack techniques report",{"data":10336,"marks":10337,"value":10338,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for more information.",{"data":10340,"content":10344,"nodeType":912},{"target":10341},{"sys":10342},{"id":10343,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1hx6sxpyEzxn4F4jc1RGQi",[],{"data":10346,"content":10347,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":10349,"content":10350,"nodeType":866},{},[10351],{"data":10352,"marks":10353,"value":10354,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",{"data":10356,"content":10357,"nodeType":866},{},[10358,10361,10367],{"data":10359,"marks":10360,"value":2290,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10362,"content":10363,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[10364],{"data":10365,"marks":10366,"value":2298,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10368,"marks":10369,"value":2302,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Introducing the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix","We're re-releasing the SaaS attack matrix as the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix. Here's why we've decided to make the change and what it means.","2026-05-08T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-the-browser-and-identity-attacks-matrix",{"items":10375},[10376,10378],{"sys":10377,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":10379,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":10381},[10382],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":10383},{"url":6570},{"__typename":1429,"sys":10385,"content":10387,"title":11324,"synopsis":11325,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":11326,"slug":11327,"tagsCollection":11328,"authorsCollection":11334},{"id":10386},"1jfqiWQlL6qkn3i9yjNbFB",{"json":10388},{"data":10389,"content":10390,"nodeType":1382},{},[10391,10398,10419,10431,10438,10446,10453,10475,10482,10489,10496,10508,10514,10517,10525,10541,10560,10671,10677,10684,10690,10698,10705,10717,10724,10730,10737,10761,10768,10775,10781,10784,10792,10799,10807,10814,10830,10837,10844,10852,10859,10866,10874,10881,10888,10891,10899,10906,10914,10921,10928,10935,10942,10950,10957,10989,10996,11003,11009,11016,11024,11031,11109,11115,11123,11139,11146,11152,11159,11175,11178,11186,11193,11200,11206,11213,11258,11265,11272,11279,11285,11288,11296,11302,11308],{"data":10392,"content":10393,"nodeType":866},{},[10394],{"data":10395,"marks":10396,"value":10397,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In March, our threat hunting engine flagged something it hadn’t seen before.",{"data":10399,"content":10400,"nodeType":866},{},[10401,10405,10415],{"data":10402,"marks":10403,"value":10404,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our research team had already been tracking the growing use of ",{"data":10406,"content":10410,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10407},{"sys":10408},{"id":10409,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2U6QpQ9rkY8x5ES48okHZB",[10411],{"data":10412,"marks":10413,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[],"entry-hyperlink",{"data":10416,"marks":10417,"value":10418,"nodeType":865},{},[]," tied to phishing campaigns. Malvertising frequently targets users via Google Search results, inserting malicious ads or redirects in place of legitimate ads, and using the familiar context of the search results page to trick users into clicking.",{"data":10420,"content":10421,"nodeType":866},{},[10422,10426],{"data":10423,"marks":10424,"value":10425,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To defend Push customers against this threat, we needed a way to spot malicious activity arising from clicking on Google ads. ",{"data":10427,"marks":10428,"value":10430,"nodeType":865},{},[10429],{"type":898},"But how to separate signal from noise?",{"data":10432,"content":10433,"nodeType":866},{},[10434],{"data":10435,"marks":10436,"value":10437,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our hunt combined the skills of human researchers and AI agents to find 12 meaningful results from trillions of browser events visible to the Push extension across our install base.",{"data":10439,"content":10440,"nodeType":866},{},[10441],{"data":10442,"marks":10443,"value":10445,"nodeType":865},{},[10444],{"type":926},"Of those, one was novel. ",{"data":10447,"content":10448,"nodeType":866},{},[10449],{"data":10450,"marks":10451,"value":10452,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A user had searched for NotebookLM, clicked a paid Google ad, and gotten redirected to a page impersonating NotebookLM. The page itself was just a facade fronting a Cloudflare Pages-hosted phishing kit with a WebAssembly C2 connector. To the user, it looked like a completely on-brand NotebookLM page, and if they had run the fake install prompt, they would have installed malware. (Note: NotebookLM doesn’t even require a local install, but the page was convincing enough — and AI platforms are changing so quickly — that the lure was extremely believable.)",{"data":10454,"content":10455,"nodeType":866},{},[10456,10461,10471],{"data":10457,"marks":10458,"value":10460,"nodeType":865},{},[10459],{"type":926},"We had found our first in-the-wild ",{"data":10462,"content":10466,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10463},{"sys":10464},{"id":10465,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7bG71Eo43crbIHKzczooVS",[10467],{"data":10468,"marks":10469,"value":6482,"nodeType":865},{},[10470],{"type":926},{"data":10472,"marks":10473,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[10474],{"type":926},{"data":10476,"content":10477,"nodeType":866},{},[10478],{"data":10479,"marks":10480,"value":10481,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Within minutes, our analysis agents created detections, and researchers shipped a new detection to every Push customer. ",{"data":10483,"content":10484,"nodeType":866},{},[10485],{"data":10486,"marks":10487,"value":10488,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Eighteen months ago, it would have taken a human analyst days or even weeks to unpack the attack, comb through web requests, de-obfuscate web code, trace JavaScript execution, and extract signals of tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) beyond short-lived single-use IOCs like domain name, then get their work coded up as a detection and deployed to customers. ",{"data":10490,"content":10491,"nodeType":866},{},[10492],{"data":10493,"marks":10494,"value":10495,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That was viable when new tools or techniques showed up once or twice a quarter. It doesn’t stand a chance when attack evolutions occur weekly or even daily. That’s the reality now with AI-generated adversary tools.",{"data":10497,"content":10498,"nodeType":866},{},[10499,10504],{"data":10500,"marks":10501,"value":10503,"nodeType":865},{},[10502],{"type":926},"So, can AI agents replace human threat researchers?",{"data":10505,"marks":10506,"value":10507,"nodeType":865},{},[]," That’s the wrong question. Can AI agents massively scale the expertise of a seasoned human threat hunter without getting bored of repetitive tasks, missing pertinent but easily overlooked details, or creating operational siloes dependent on one person’s knowledge — and do its work continuously across trillions of data points? Yes, absolutely.",{"data":10509,"content":10513,"nodeType":912},{"target":10510},{"sys":10511},{"id":10512,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3OiZ7BrViCTTMmHUAbloEt",[],{"data":10515,"content":10516,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":10518,"content":10519,"nodeType":981},{},[10520],{"data":10521,"marks":10522,"value":10524,"nodeType":865},{},[10523],{"type":926},"Why scaling browser threat detection requires more than more analysts",{"data":10526,"content":10527,"nodeType":866},{},[10528,10532,10537],{"data":10529,"marks":10530,"value":10531,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Already this year, we’ve ",{"data":10533,"marks":10534,"value":10536,"nodeType":865},{},[10535],{"type":926},"tripled",{"data":10538,"marks":10539,"value":10540,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the cumulative number of detections shipped to Push customers using this pipeline. That output points to the first problem we set out to solve by employing AI agents: Scaling our research team’s considerable expertise.",{"data":10542,"content":10543,"nodeType":866},{},[10544,10548,10556],{"data":10545,"marks":10546,"value":10547,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s R&D team are experts at understanding and unpacking modern browser-based attacks. This is essential when you consider how quickly attacks themselves are evolving. When we created the ",{"data":10549,"content":10552,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10550},{"sys":10551},{"id":9536,"type":909,"linkType":910},[10553],{"data":10554,"marks":10555,"value":9593,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10557,"marks":10558,"value":10559,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in 2023 (then called the SaaS Attacks Matrix), many of the ideas in it were theoretical. Not anymore. ",{"data":10561,"content":10562,"nodeType":1616},{},[10563,10573,10597],{"data":10564,"content":10565,"nodeType":1570},{},[10566],{"data":10567,"content":10568,"nodeType":866},{},[10569],{"data":10570,"marks":10571,"value":10572,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve tracked the rise of AiTM phish kits from their status as MFA-bypassing novelties to the emergence of an entire criminal ecosystem built around increasingly sophisticated Phishing-as-a-Service tools. ",{"data":10574,"content":10575,"nodeType":1570},{},[10576],{"data":10577,"content":10578,"nodeType":866},{},[10579,10583,10593],{"data":10580,"marks":10581,"value":10582,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We imagined the simple but effective power of using device code authorization for phishing three years ago; in the last few months, we’ve detected a 37x increase in ",{"data":10584,"content":10588,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10585},{"sys":10586},{"id":10587,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5DmCqTU2Tg4adYScA5vT2x",[10589],{"data":10590,"marks":10591,"value":10592,"nodeType":865},{},[],"device code phishing attacks",{"data":10594,"marks":10595,"value":10596,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across our install base. ",{"data":10598,"content":10599,"nodeType":1570},{},[10600],{"data":10601,"content":10602,"nodeType":866},{},[10603,10607,10616,10620,10629,10633,10643,10646,10654,10657,10667],{"data":10604,"marks":10605,"value":10606,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We were also the first to detect a novel post-authorization attack we dubbed ",{"data":10608,"content":10612,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10609},{"sys":10610},{"id":10611,"type":909,"linkType":910},"71EaaK7lfl6bQBbkAU0qjv",[10613],{"data":10614,"marks":10615,"value":6229,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10617,"marks":10618,"value":10619,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that combines OAuth consent phishing and ClickFix-style user prompts; reported on the rise of the ridiculously simple yet effective ",{"data":10621,"content":10624,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10622},{"sys":10623},{"id":10465,"type":909,"linkType":910},[10625],{"data":10626,"marks":10627,"value":10628,"nodeType":865},{},[],"InstallFix technique",{"data":10630,"marks":10631,"value":10632,"nodeType":865},{},[]," described earlier; and detected an array of other ",{"data":10634,"content":10638,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10635},{"sys":10636},{"id":10637,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2YmiesBvJHGw4wiKEKzLUq",[10639],{"data":10640,"marks":10641,"value":10642,"nodeType":865},{},[],"creative",{"data":10644,"marks":10645,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10647,"content":10650,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10648},{"sys":10649},{"id":10409,"type":909,"linkType":910},[10651],{"data":10652,"marks":10653,"value":520,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10655,"marks":10656,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10658,"content":10662,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10659},{"sys":10660},{"id":10661,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6Zosy4SU0LpjlaSWX75peb",[10663],{"data":10664,"marks":10665,"value":10666,"nodeType":865},{},[],"campaigns",{"data":10668,"marks":10669,"value":10670,"nodeType":865},{},[]," tied to malvertising scams.",{"data":10672,"content":10676,"nodeType":912},{"target":10673},{"sys":10674},{"id":10675,"type":909,"linkType":910},"53U3LHhhHFYnEpShdLmDqs",[],{"data":10678,"content":10679,"nodeType":866},{},[10680],{"data":10681,"marks":10682,"value":10683,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With an agentic approach, we could scale this expertise and reduce the time it takes to go from technique discovery to production-ready detection. This speed is critical now because adversaries are also using AI tools to do their work, exploding the number of trivial-to-rotate indicators of compromise and overwhelming existing detection workflows that lack an equivalent machine speed.",{"data":10685,"content":10689,"nodeType":912},{"target":10686},{"sys":10687},{"id":10688,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1u00uFbC4xsvP9lqahXbgD",[],{"data":10691,"content":10692,"nodeType":1317},{},[10693],{"data":10694,"marks":10695,"value":10697,"nodeType":865},{},[10696],{"type":926},"Scaling behavioral detections, not just making bigger blocklists",{"data":10699,"content":10700,"nodeType":866},{},[10701],{"data":10702,"marks":10703,"value":10704,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But output numbers alone don’t tell the story of successful detections. That’s the other problem we set out to solve at scale: Most secure browser solutions rely on detection logic based on blocking known-bad indicators like domains, IPs, and URLs.",{"data":10706,"content":10707,"nodeType":866},{},[10708,10713],{"data":10709,"marks":10710,"value":10712,"nodeType":865},{},[10711],{"type":926},"If your solution offers 1,000 detections, and they’re all based on known-bad indicators that are easily rotated, then you’ve got 1,000 detections that worked once and will likely never fire again. ",{"data":10714,"marks":10715,"value":10716,"nodeType":865},{},[],"They certainly won’t catch subtle adaptations in adversary techniques that don’t rely on infrastructure changes, which are easy for attackers to swap anyway. ",{"data":10718,"content":10719,"nodeType":866},{},[10720],{"data":10721,"marks":10722,"value":10723,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push does it differently. Our detection engine is focused on hunting for tactics, techniques, and procedures: the behavioral fingerprints of an attack, not just the infrastructure it runs on. ",{"data":10725,"content":10729,"nodeType":912},{"target":10726},{"sys":10727},{"id":10728,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5jR3YVUiusHGnXDOyrgYpr",[],{"data":10731,"content":10732,"nodeType":866},{},[10733],{"data":10734,"marks":10735,"value":10736,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Instead of blocking based on known-bad domains, URLs, and IPs, our detections are built around user-level and page-level behaviors like what scripts load, how redirects behave, what events fire, what actions a user takes and what happens next, etc. (In fact, Push detections don’t even use any infrastructure-based IOCs, though customers can write their own custom detections if they have a specific IOC they’re keeping an eye on.)",{"data":10738,"content":10739,"nodeType":866},{},[10740,10745,10756],{"data":10741,"marks":10742,"value":10744,"nodeType":865},{},[10743],{"type":926},"All the detections we write would survive infrastructure rotation by adversaries, and many of our existing detections have caught never-before-seen evolutions in TTPs. That’s because we focus on the top of the ",{"data":10746,"content":10750,"nodeType":10414},{"target":10747},{"sys":10748},{"id":10749,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1qegIy4rMdm5XZXnIEoKpE",[10751],{"data":10752,"marks":10753,"value":10755,"nodeType":865},{},[10754],{"type":926},"Pyramid of Pain",{"data":10757,"marks":10758,"value":10760,"nodeType":865},{},[10759],{"type":926},", the indicators that are hardest for attackers to change.",{"data":10762,"content":10763,"nodeType":866},{},[10764],{"data":10765,"marks":10766,"value":10767,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This focus on detecting TTPs has always been our approach. But with the acceleration in both attack types and the ease with which adversaries rotate infrastructure, we needed to build capabilities that scaled our knowledge. ",{"data":10769,"content":10770,"nodeType":866},{},[10771],{"data":10772,"marks":10773,"value":10774,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We did this not by replacing researchers, but by continuously activating their expertise. You can hear what our CEO and Co-founder Adam had to say about this below. ",{"data":10776,"content":10780,"nodeType":912},{"target":10777},{"sys":10778},{"id":10779,"type":909,"linkType":910},"C9gr4nF3f6CW45Aol9xij",[],{"data":10782,"content":10783,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":10785,"content":10786,"nodeType":981},{},[10787],{"data":10788,"marks":10789,"value":10791,"nodeType":865},{},[10790],{"type":926},"Core principles for agentic threat hunting",{"data":10793,"content":10794,"nodeType":866},{},[10795],{"data":10796,"marks":10797,"value":10798,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Three principles make Push's agentic threat hunting and detection engineering pipeline work:",{"data":10800,"content":10801,"nodeType":1317},{},[10802],{"data":10803,"marks":10804,"value":10806,"nodeType":865},{},[10805],{"type":926},"Context matters more than custom models",{"data":10808,"content":10809,"nodeType":866},{},[10810],{"data":10811,"marks":10812,"value":10813,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re not AI researchers; we’re security researchers — we aren't trying to compete in building the most intelligent models. And in our view, AI models are quickly becoming commoditized like cloud infrastructure, anyway. Luckily, the commercial models today already excel at understanding web code. We just need to harness their power with our expertise.",{"data":10815,"content":10816,"nodeType":866},{},[10817,10821,10826],{"data":10818,"marks":10819,"value":10820,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So at Push, we use a variety of commercial AI models and tools in complementary ways. What matters most is the telemetry they analyze, and that’s where Push’s existing product infrastructure shines: We’re already deployed into over ",{"data":10822,"marks":10823,"value":10825,"nodeType":865},{},[10824],{"type":926},"3 million browsers worldwide",{"data":10827,"marks":10828,"value":10829,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and the Push browser extension includes a component that operates as a flight recorder to locally record everything that matters inside a browser session.",{"data":10831,"content":10832,"nodeType":866},{},[10833],{"data":10834,"marks":10835,"value":10836,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This universe of metadata — DOM elements, tab context, script execution, network traffic, user actions, credential entry, etc. — becomes the searchable corpus for hunts. Metadata is stored locally in users’ browsers and only queried during targeted threat hunts. ",{"data":10838,"content":10839,"nodeType":866},{},[10840],{"data":10841,"marks":10842,"value":10843,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This approach avoids dragnet collection of sensitive data. Instead, we focus on collecting metadata and distilling that into patterns and insights that provide context for agents to perform their analysis. This means that Push also does not train or fine-tune models on customer data.",{"data":10845,"content":10846,"nodeType":1317},{},[10847],{"data":10848,"marks":10849,"value":10851,"nodeType":865},{},[10850],{"type":926},"Agents are only as good as the context you give them. Good context is researcher-led",{"data":10853,"content":10854,"nodeType":866},{},[10855],{"data":10856,"marks":10857,"value":10858,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI agents don’t know how to identify the TTPs of browser-based attacks until you give them the right context, and Push researchers have spent years unpacking these techniques and tools. Agents at Push consume our internal knowledge base of identified TTPs, and both humans and agents perform meta-analyses to check their work. The agents have access to large libraries of traces of human interactions with real phishing kits. This is a powerful dataset to build on.",{"data":10860,"content":10861,"nodeType":866},{},[10862],{"data":10863,"marks":10864,"value":10865,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we don’t get the results we want from AI models, the question is “What context is it missing? What does our human team know that the agents don’t, and how can we give them that context — do they need data, tools, better workflows?” That closes the gap in performance and keeps quality high.",{"data":10867,"content":10868,"nodeType":1317},{},[10869],{"data":10870,"marks":10871,"value":10873,"nodeType":865},{},[10872],{"type":926},"Integrated architecture that makes agentic AI the throughput layer, not a bolt-on",{"data":10875,"content":10876,"nodeType":866},{},[10877],{"data":10878,"marks":10879,"value":10880,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The constraint we’re trying to break by using AI isn’t knowledge, it’s throughput. Our researchers deeply understand the techniques and tools. An agentic pipeline can apply that understanding continuously across millions of browsers and trillions of events, ingest new external signals, generate hunt hypotheses, triage results, and return only the findings that warrant escalation.",{"data":10882,"content":10883,"nodeType":866},{},[10884],{"data":10885,"marks":10886,"value":10887,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This approach relies on tight integration of our product and our agentic workflows. We’ll take a closer look at that in the next section.",{"data":10889,"content":10890,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":10892,"content":10893,"nodeType":981},{},[10894],{"data":10895,"marks":10896,"value":10898,"nodeType":865},{},[10897],{"type":926},"How the agentic detection pipeline runs",{"data":10900,"content":10901,"nodeType":866},{},[10902],{"data":10903,"marks":10904,"value":10905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now let’s look at how agentic threat detection actually works, and some of the emerging best practices we’ve identified. We'll cover two example hunts, one initiated autonomously by the agents themselves, and one by our research team. ",{"data":10907,"content":10908,"nodeType":1317},{},[10909],{"data":10910,"marks":10911,"value":10913,"nodeType":865},{},[10912],{"type":926},"Example 1: Autonomous threat hunt",{"data":10915,"content":10916,"nodeType":866},{},[10917],{"data":10918,"marks":10919,"value":10920,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s threat hunting pipeline ingested context from research articles describing a new attack technique, and an agent developed hypotheses on what to hunt for across Push’s install base to identify instances of this attack. ",{"data":10922,"content":10923,"nodeType":866},{},[10924],{"data":10925,"marks":10926,"value":10927,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The agent crafted detection queries and then refined them to reduce false positives. The successful query ran across stored metadata and returned results, validating that there were zero false positives. ",{"data":10929,"content":10930,"nodeType":866},{},[10931],{"data":10932,"marks":10933,"value":10934,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The validated query became a scheduled job that runs on a regular cadence to monitor for potentially malicious signals. A triage agent then received any matches, did an initial analysis, and passed anything that looked suspicious to another agent to perform deeper analysis. This deep analysis agent wields the full investigative toolkit that a human researcher would — using Push’s internal knowledge base, domain age and registration analysis, URLScan and whois lookups, DOM image analysis, and contextual analysis of page-level and user-level behaviors, etc.",{"data":10936,"content":10937,"nodeType":866},{},[10938],{"data":10939,"marks":10940,"value":10941,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Within a few minutes, it can filter a thousand or more signals in a hunt trace down to a handful with meaning and provide an actionable assessment. Then, once the TTP was well-understood, other agents wrote and refined detections that can raise alerts for customers when an event of this type is seen. The Push platform immediately applies the customer’s configured security controls, such as blocking users from interacting with malicious pages.",{"data":10943,"content":10944,"nodeType":1317},{},[10945],{"data":10946,"marks":10947,"value":10949,"nodeType":865},{},[10948],{"type":926},"Example 2: Human-initiated threat hunt",{"data":10951,"content":10952,"nodeType":866},{},[10953],{"data":10954,"marks":10955,"value":10956,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now, going back to the example from the beginning of the article: InstallFix. This hunt started with a thorny problem our research team needed to solve: How to detect bad things downstream of a user interacting with a Google ad? We needed a way to pinpoint the bad links from the good ones.",{"data":10958,"content":10959,"nodeType":866},{},[10960,10964,10969,10972,10977,10980,10985],{"data":10961,"marks":10962,"value":10963,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our researchers collaborated with agents to formulate the right parameters for hunt queries, taking into account that good ads are normally bought by companies with marketing budgets, so therefore ads will be expected to redirect to pages hosted on custom domains, not shared domains like ",{"data":10965,"marks":10966,"value":10968,"nodeType":865},{},[10967],{"type":926},"*pages.dev",{"data":10970,"marks":10971,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10973,"marks":10974,"value":10976,"nodeType":865},{},[10975],{"type":926},"*workers.dev",{"data":10978,"marks":10979,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10981,"marks":10982,"value":10984,"nodeType":865},{},[10983],{"type":926},"*squarespace.com",{"data":10986,"marks":10987,"value":10988,"nodeType":865},{},[],", etc.",{"data":10990,"content":10991,"nodeType":866},{},[10992],{"data":10993,"marks":10994,"value":10995,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our AI agents already understood key TTPs that indicated potential maliciousness on a page: password prompts, file downloads, OAuth integrations, clipboard copies, and similar user prompts that are frequently abused.",{"data":10997,"content":10998,"nodeType":866},{},[10999],{"data":11000,"marks":11001,"value":11002,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The agent ran several queries that returned matching browsing traces — the term we use for sequences of events in a session or tab context — where the user clicked a Google ad, was redirected to a page on a shared hosting domain, and then clicked a button to copy content to their clipboard.",{"data":11004,"content":11008,"nodeType":912},{"target":11005},{"sys":11006},{"id":11007,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4IWOrWuvbwzWRJUkINiwKH",[],{"data":11010,"content":11011,"nodeType":866},{},[11012],{"data":11013,"marks":11014,"value":11015,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We got back high-fidelity findings and then tuned the query into a continuous detection that leveraged existing detection logic around related techniques. This process also effectively back-tests new detections, so we know we’re not going to generate a lot of false positives. Result: A new detection against a new technique, plus several improvements to existing detections.",{"data":11017,"content":11018,"nodeType":1317},{},[11019],{"data":11020,"marks":11021,"value":11023,"nodeType":865},{},[11022],{"type":926},"What infrastructure is needed for agentic threat hunting?",{"data":11025,"content":11026,"nodeType":866},{},[11027],{"data":11028,"marks":11029,"value":11030,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both of these examples illustrate the end-to-end workflows supported by this pipeline. From an infrastructure perspective, you can think about the pipeline as composed of:",{"data":11032,"content":11033,"nodeType":1616},{},[11034,11049,11064,11079,11094],{"data":11035,"content":11036,"nodeType":1570},{},[11037],{"data":11038,"content":11039,"nodeType":866},{},[11040,11045],{"data":11041,"marks":11042,"value":11044,"nodeType":865},{},[11043],{"type":926},"A flight recorder: ",{"data":11046,"marks":11047,"value":11048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push extension-powered capability that collects and locally stores browser event metadata from users’ browsers.",{"data":11050,"content":11051,"nodeType":1570},{},[11052],{"data":11053,"content":11054,"nodeType":866},{},[11055,11060],{"data":11056,"marks":11057,"value":11059,"nodeType":865},{},[11058],{"type":926},"A knowledge base:",{"data":11061,"marks":11062,"value":11063,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Structured knowledge about what Push knows about TTPs and its existing body of detection logic, as well as externally sourced signals of new attack trends.",{"data":11065,"content":11066,"nodeType":1570},{},[11067],{"data":11068,"content":11069,"nodeType":866},{},[11070,11075],{"data":11071,"marks":11072,"value":11074,"nodeType":865},{},[11073],{"type":926},"Agents as tools: ",{"data":11076,"marks":11077,"value":11078,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Role-segmented agents that work as a team to triage, investigate, develop hunt queries, return analyses, write detections, and review each others’ work for completeness and accuracy.",{"data":11080,"content":11081,"nodeType":1570},{},[11082],{"data":11083,"content":11084,"nodeType":866},{},[11085,11090],{"data":11086,"marks":11087,"value":11089,"nodeType":865},{},[11088],{"type":926},"Humans in the loop: ",{"data":11091,"marks":11092,"value":11093,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Human researchers who collaborate with agents to initiate hunts and tune detections.",{"data":11095,"content":11096,"nodeType":1570},{},[11097],{"data":11098,"content":11099,"nodeType":866},{},[11100,11105],{"data":11101,"marks":11102,"value":11104,"nodeType":865},{},[11103],{"type":926},"Platform controls: ",{"data":11106,"marks":11107,"value":11108,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push administrator-configured controls that specify how to respond to detected events like AiTM phishing, tuneable by scope, user groups, browser profiles, apps, etc.",{"data":11110,"content":11114,"nodeType":912},{"target":11111},{"sys":11112},{"id":11113,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7FY0vCBUXOt4vnudFuKALC",[],{"data":11116,"content":11117,"nodeType":1317},{},[11118],{"data":11119,"marks":11120,"value":11122,"nodeType":865},{},[11121],{"type":926},"What are the best practices for agentic threat detection?",{"data":11124,"content":11125,"nodeType":866},{},[11126,11130,11135],{"data":11127,"marks":11128,"value":11129,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To be effective, agents must specialize and focus. This is the ",{"data":11131,"marks":11132,"value":11134,"nodeType":865},{},[11133],{"type":926},"agents as tools",{"data":11136,"marks":11137,"value":11138,"nodeType":865},{},[]," concept. When we’re asking AI agents to take massive amounts of data and make a high-level decision about a signal in observed browser events, they must work as a team, finding intelligent ways to condense information without losing important context or hallucinating.",{"data":11140,"content":11141,"nodeType":866},{},[11142],{"data":11143,"marks":11144,"value":11145,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Creating a hierarchy of agent jobs — including agents to perform meta-analyses to catch mistakes and verify conclusions — makes the agents effective by giving them a manageable focus that controls the size of context windows.",{"data":11147,"content":11151,"nodeType":912},{"target":11148},{"sys":11149},{"id":11150,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3fzJCknMUmh4Z7YnhBSbsT",[],{"data":11153,"content":11154,"nodeType":866},{},[11155],{"data":11156,"marks":11157,"value":11158,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Creating an agentic workflow requires operationalizing your internal knowledge in a repeatable and trustworthy way. Sharing rich context from human discoveries is the key to getting the best results out of agents. ",{"data":11160,"content":11161,"nodeType":866},{},[11162,11166,11171],{"data":11163,"marks":11164,"value":11165,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It's vital too that the agent uses ",{"data":11167,"marks":11168,"value":11170,"nodeType":865},{},[11169],{"type":926},"privacy-preserving methods and infrastructure.",{"data":11172,"marks":11173,"value":11174,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The Push agent is designed to respect customer and user privacy while enabling high-fidelity detections. We do this by collecting broad browser metadata but storing it locally in users’ browsers and only querying that metadata during active threat hunting investigations.",{"data":11176,"content":11177,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":11179,"content":11180,"nodeType":981},{},[11181],{"data":11182,"marks":11183,"value":11185,"nodeType":865},{},[11184],{"type":926},"The compounding effect and how it benefits Push customers",{"data":11187,"content":11188,"nodeType":866},{},[11189],{"data":11190,"marks":11191,"value":11192,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At Push, we think about our detection capability as two learning loops with a compounding effect: An inner loop that serves as our real-time detection and response engine for known attacker techniques, and an outer loop that is the continuous learning our agents do as they hunt for new threats, analyze emerging behaviors, and create new detections. ",{"data":11194,"content":11195,"nodeType":866},{},[11196],{"data":11197,"marks":11198,"value":11199,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The outer loop feeds the inner loop, and vice versa.",{"data":11201,"content":11205,"nodeType":912},{"target":11202},{"sys":11203},{"id":11204,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1Jjqll7IIX2QRxN37gjFMH",[],{"data":11207,"content":11208,"nodeType":866},{},[11209],{"data":11210,"marks":11211,"value":11212,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Customers benefit from this approach because it means they:",{"data":11214,"content":11215,"nodeType":1616},{},[11216,11238,11248],{"data":11217,"content":11218,"nodeType":1570},{},[11219],{"data":11220,"content":11221,"nodeType":866},{},[11222,11226,11234],{"data":11223,"marks":11224,"value":11225,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Regularly receive ready-made detections against both known and emerging browser-based threats, without having to write their own detections. (Push also provides the ability to write your own ",{"data":11227,"content":11229,"nodeType":889},{"uri":11228},"/help/audience/engineering/resources/custom-detections",[11230],{"data":11231,"marks":11232,"value":11233,"nodeType":865},{},[],"custom detections",{"data":11235,"marks":11236,"value":11237,"nodeType":865},{},[],", too, for environment-specific use cases.)",{"data":11239,"content":11240,"nodeType":1570},{},[11241],{"data":11242,"content":11243,"nodeType":866},{},[11244],{"data":11245,"marks":11246,"value":11247,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Can configure Push’s response actions based on their security goals and environment. Agents act as the threat-hunting and detection engineering team; Push customers set the thresholds for how they want to respond. For example, customers can use Push controls to block all AiTM phishing attacks (or even carve out exceptions for their own incident responders to be able to visit malicious pages with just a warning), and agents continually feed new indicators into detection logic for that class of attack.",{"data":11249,"content":11250,"nodeType":1570},{},[11251],{"data":11252,"content":11253,"nodeType":866},{},[11254],{"data":11255,"marks":11256,"value":11257,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get pre-digested and actionable intelligence from every detection, with extremely high fidelity.",{"data":11259,"content":11260,"nodeType":866},{},[11261],{"data":11262,"marks":11263,"value":11264,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This all equates to your own advanced browser threat protection, without requiring the specialized in-house expertise we’ve spent years building.",{"data":11266,"content":11267,"nodeType":866},{},[11268],{"data":11269,"marks":11270,"value":11271,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re a Push customer, you already know that we regularly collaborate with security teams to identify and refine detection use cases, and assist with investigations. In the past few months alone, we’ve worked closely with teams targeted by device code phishing, and InstallFix and ClickFix campaigns, among others. ",{"data":11273,"content":11274,"nodeType":866},{},[11275],{"data":11276,"marks":11277,"value":11278,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re not a customer and are curious about how Push’s agentic threat hunting and detection engineering capabilities can address your use cases, please get in touch.",{"data":11280,"content":11284,"nodeType":912},{"target":11281},{"sys":11282},{"id":11283,"type":909,"linkType":910},"607jrBjlD1vtcbkDfD04DE",[],{"data":11286,"content":11287,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":11289,"content":11290,"nodeType":981},{},[11291],{"data":11292,"marks":11293,"value":11295,"nodeType":865},{},[11294],{"type":926},"Learn more",{"data":11297,"content":11298,"nodeType":866},{},[11299],{"data":11300,"marks":11301,"value":1356,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":11303,"content":11304,"nodeType":866},{},[11305],{"data":11306,"marks":11307,"value":1363,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":11309,"content":11310,"nodeType":866},{},[11311,11314,11321],{"data":11312,"marks":11313,"value":2290,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":11315,"content":11317,"nodeType":889},{"uri":11316},"/demo",[11318],{"data":11319,"marks":11320,"value":2298,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":11322,"marks":11323,"value":2302,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Can AI replace a threat researcher? What we learned building an agentic threat hunting pipeline","How we built an end-to-end threat hunting and detection engineering capability at Push that uses AI agents as a force multiplier.","2026-05-12T00:00:00.000Z","can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline",{"items":11329},[11330,11332],{"sys":11331,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":11333,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":11335},[11336],{"fullName":4680,"firstName":4681,"jobTitle":4616,"profilePicture":11337},{"url":4683},"blog/the-pyramid-of-pain-in-the-ai-era",{"json":11340},{"data":11341,"content":11342,"nodeType":1382},{},[11343],{"data":11344,"content":11345,"nodeType":866},{},[11346],{"data":11347,"marks":11348,"value":11349,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is accelerating the collapse of indicator-based threat detection. 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was a time, not that long ago, when pasting a command from a website straight into your terminal was something you’d only try once before some grizzled senior engineer beat it out of you. That’s because you’re effectively handing a website a blank cheque to execute whatever it wants on your system.",{"data":12930,"content":12931,"nodeType":866},{},[12932],{"data":12933,"marks":12934,"value":12935,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But somehow, it’s now the default. Homebrew, Rust, nvm, Bun, oh-my-zsh and hundreds of the most widely used developer tools on the planet now ship with the same instructions. Copy a “curl to bash” ( curl https://some.website | bash) one-liner from a website, paste it into your terminal, and hit enter. The entire security model boils down to \"trust the domain.\" And with AI adoption encouraging more non-technical users to work with the kind of tools that only devs used to use, this suddenly becomes a threat to a much larger, less security conscious pool of users.",{"data":12937,"content":12938,"nodeType":866},{},[12939],{"data":12940,"marks":12941,"value":12943,"nodeType":865},{},[12942],{"type":926},"It’s not hard to see how attackers can exploit this. ",{"data":12945,"content":12946,"nodeType":866},{},[12947,12951,12955],{"data":12948,"marks":12949,"value":12950,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We're tracking a technique we're calling ",{"data":12952,"marks":12953,"value":9819,"nodeType":865},{},[12954],{"type":926},{"data":12956,"marks":12957,"value":12958,"nodeType":865},{},[],": a clever social engineering attack where threat actors clone the installation pages of legitimate CLI tools and present victims with malicious install commands disguised as the real thing. In each case, the mechanic is the same: the victim sees what looks like a familiar install command, copies it, pastes it, and runs it. Except the command they run is not the one they expected.",{"data":12960,"content":12964,"nodeType":912},{"target":12961},{"sys":12962},{"id":12963,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6VMkuQkU5L0vObxIojI1Xw",[],{"data":12966,"content":12967,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":12969,"content":12970,"nodeType":981},{},[12971],{"data":12972,"marks":12973,"value":12975,"nodeType":865},{},[12974],{"type":926},"InstallFix Claude Code campaign teardown",{"data":12977,"content":12978,"nodeType":866},{},[12979],{"data":12980,"marks":12981,"value":12982,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All you need to make this attack work is a popular tool you can impersonate. Naturally, this makes trendy AI tools a popular choice. Then, you just need to boost your lure to deliver it to unsuspecting victims via search engine. The most common way of doing this is through sponsored results — aka malvertising. ",{"data":12984,"content":12985,"nodeType":866},{},[12986],{"data":12987,"marks":12988,"value":12989,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the recent examples identified by Push researchers, attackers have simply cloned the installation webpages for tools and updated the installation instructions with malicious commands. ",{"data":12991,"content":12992,"nodeType":1317},{},[12993],{"data":12994,"marks":12995,"value":12996,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A new campaign targeting Claude Code",{"data":12998,"content":12999,"nodeType":866},{},[13000],{"data":13001,"marks":13002,"value":13003,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've recently observed a campaign that puts this technique into practice against one of the fastest-growing developer tools on the market: Anthropic's Claude Code.",{"data":13005,"content":13006,"nodeType":866},{},[13007],{"data":13008,"marks":13009,"value":13010,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Claude Code is a command-line AI coding assistant that has rapidly become the go-to for both experienced developers and amateur vibe-coders. Like many modern CLI tools, the recommended installation method is a one-liner that pipes a remote script into a shell. ",{"data":13012,"content":13013,"nodeType":866},{},[13014],{"data":13015,"marks":13016,"value":13017,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker's approach is straightforward. They clone the Claude Code installation page (layout, branding, documentation sidebar, and all), hosting it on a lookalike domain. The page is a near-pixel-perfect replica of the real thing. The only meaningful difference is in the installation commands themselves: instead of fetching the install script from claude.ai, the commands point to an attacker-controlled server that serves malware instead. ",{"data":13019,"content":13020,"nodeType":866},{},[13021],{"data":13022,"marks":13023,"value":13024,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unless you’re carefully reading the URL embedded in the install one-liner (and let's be honest, almost nobody does these days), the page is indistinguishable from the real one.",{"data":13026,"content":13027,"nodeType":866},{},[13028],{"data":13029,"marks":13030,"value":13031,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can see a video of a user being served a malicious InstallFix page below.",{"data":13033,"content":13037,"nodeType":912},{"target":13034},{"sys":13035},{"id":13036,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1dhirnghbpAwyCse8cjAas",[],{"data":13039,"content":13043,"nodeType":912},{"target":13040},{"sys":13041},{"id":13042,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5TBnCFM4Y5CoqKPchHDpyv",[],{"data":13045,"content":13046,"nodeType":866},{},[13047],{"data":13048,"marks":13049,"value":13050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Any further interaction on the page simply redirects you to the legitimate site, too. So a victim that lands on the page and follows the fake instructions could continue normally without realizing anything had gone wrong. ",{"data":13052,"content":13056,"nodeType":912},{"target":13053},{"sys":13054},{"id":13055,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5g3joJSAP8y8xv2bKaLGe2",[],{"data":13058,"content":13059,"nodeType":1317},{},[13060],{"data":13061,"marks":13062,"value":13063,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Distribution via Google Ads",{"data":13065,"content":13066,"nodeType":866},{},[13067],{"data":13068,"marks":13069,"value":13070,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The fake install pages are distributed exclusively through Google Ads, specifically through sponsored search results that appear when users search for terms like \"Claude Code\", \"Claude Code install\", or \"Claude Code CLI.\"",{"data":13072,"content":13076,"nodeType":912},{"target":13073},{"sys":13074},{"id":13075,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3CTtrOy3q8NoMblxkLlTer",[],{"data":13078,"content":13082,"nodeType":912},{"target":13079},{"sys":13080},{"id":13081,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4m5rg9UhRQK0e8OfYFlIUc",[],{"data":13084,"content":13088,"nodeType":912},{"target":13085},{"sys":13086},{"id":13087,"type":909,"linkType":910},"25lAkq9tTZ2Mq52gs6xR8G",[],{"data":13090,"content":13094,"nodeType":912},{"target":13091},{"sys":13092},{"id":13093,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4f4svuW3tjhNc3kEfCwNRG",[],{"data":13096,"content":13097,"nodeType":866},{},[13098,13102,13110],{"data":13099,"marks":13100,"value":13101,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising via Google Search is an effective delivery vector because it bypasses email-based security controls entirely. There's no phishing email to flag, no suspicious link in a message. The user initiates the interaction themselves by searching for something they genuinely intend to install. This is one of the reasons that attackers are ",{"data":13103,"content":13104,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4966},[13105],{"data":13106,"marks":13107,"value":13109,"nodeType":865},{},[13108],{"type":943},"doubling down on targeting ad manager accounts",{"data":13111,"marks":13112,"value":13113,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to be able to hijack existing ad budgets and spin up even more malicious ads.",{"data":13115,"content":13116,"nodeType":866},{},[13117,13122],{"data":13118,"marks":13119,"value":13121,"nodeType":865},{},[13120],{"type":926},"The reality is that users are going to encounter malicious links through stealthy channels like malvertising every day, just through normal internet browsing",{"data":13123,"marks":13124,"value":13125,"nodeType":865},{},[],", without being actively targeted. That said, ads can be targeted too: Google Ads can be tuned to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). So if you've got sufficient intel on your target, you can tailor the ad accordingly. ",{"data":13127,"content":13128,"nodeType":866},{},[13129],{"data":13130,"marks":13131,"value":13132,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Since the sponsored result appears above the organic results for the legitimate Claude Code documentation and the displayed URL in the ad appears plausible, victims are more likely to quickly click and access the domain without checking it out fully. Search engines typically suppress subdomains from displayed URLs too, giving the attacker additional cover for the lookalike domain.",{"data":13134,"content":13138,"nodeType":912},{"target":13135},{"sys":13136},{"id":13137,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4Ihz5BcRK0NDVy0ANg2PWe",[],{"data":13140,"content":13141,"nodeType":1317},{},[13142],{"data":13143,"marks":13144,"value":13145,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The payload",{"data":13147,"content":13148,"nodeType":866},{},[13149],{"data":13150,"marks":13151,"value":13152,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The malware initiates execution through cmd.exe (PID 8444), which spawns mshta.exe (PID 8700) to retrieve and execute content from a remote URL. The command structure indicates staged execution:",{"data":13154,"content":13155,"nodeType":1616},{},[13156,13166,13176],{"data":13157,"content":13158,"nodeType":1570},{},[13159],{"data":13160,"content":13161,"nodeType":866},{},[13162],{"data":13163,"marks":13164,"value":13165,"nodeType":865},{},[],"cmd.exe executes a command-line instruction to launch mshta.exe with a URL parameter pointing to https://claude[.]update-version[.]com/claude",{"data":13167,"content":13168,"nodeType":1570},{},[13169],{"data":13170,"content":13171,"nodeType":866},{},[13172],{"data":13173,"marks":13174,"value":13175,"nodeType":865},{},[],"mshta.exe (child process) is invoked to fetch and execute HTML/script content from the malicious domain",{"data":13177,"content":13178,"nodeType":1570},{},[13179],{"data":13180,"content":13181,"nodeType":866},{},[13182],{"data":13183,"marks":13184,"value":13185,"nodeType":865},{},[],"conhost.exe (PID 8496) is spawned as a console host, likely to support command execution output",{"data":13187,"content":13188,"nodeType":866},{},[13189],{"data":13190,"marks":13191,"value":13192,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The MacOS payload also uses additional encoding and staged execution layers.",{"data":13194,"content":13195,"nodeType":866},{},[13196],{"data":13197,"marks":13198,"value":13200,"nodeType":865},{},[13199],{"type":926},"You can see the full list of IoCs at the end of the blog.   ",{"data":13202,"content":13203,"nodeType":866},{},[13204],{"data":13205,"marks":13206,"value":13207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our analysis shows us that the payload matches the Yara signatures for the Amatera Stealer malware, retrieved from the command-and-control domain claude[.]update-version[.]com.",{"data":13209,"content":13213,"nodeType":912},{"target":13210},{"sys":13211},{"id":13212,"type":909,"linkType":910},"TXcSp34sIAOKIXlKT4Lb0",[],{"data":13215,"content":13216,"nodeType":866},{},[13217],{"data":13218,"marks":13219,"value":13220,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Notably, we saw different sites executing identical binaries, further indicating that these are part of a single attacker campaign. ",{"data":13222,"content":13226,"nodeType":912},{"target":13223},{"sys":13224},{"id":13225,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3ExLtcl6df07BcKPsGZn42",[],{"data":13228,"content":13229,"nodeType":1317},{},[13230],{"data":13231,"marks":13232,"value":13233,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Abusing legitimate hosting services",{"data":13235,"content":13236,"nodeType":866},{},[13237,13241,13248],{"data":13238,"marks":13239,"value":13240,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another common theme we see across pretty much every phishing site these days is the abuse of legitimate domains for hosting malicious content. This allows attackers to blend in with normal web traffic and is a core ",{"data":13242,"content":13243,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[13244],{"data":13245,"marks":13246,"value":7098,"nodeType":865},{},[13247],{"type":943},{"data":13249,"marks":13250,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],". ",{"data":13253,"content":13254,"nodeType":866},{},[13255],{"data":13256,"marks":13257,"value":13258,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this case, we observed Cloudflare Pages (pages.dev), Squarespace, and Tencent EdgeOne being used. ",{"data":13260,"content":13261,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":13263,"content":13264,"nodeType":981},{},[13265],{"data":13266,"marks":13267,"value":13269,"nodeType":865},{},[13268],{"type":926},"A broader trend",{"data":13271,"content":13272,"nodeType":866},{},[13273],{"data":13274,"marks":13275,"value":13276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn't happening in isolation. Claude and its associated tools have become a recurring target for recent malware distribution campaigns:",{"data":13278,"content":13279,"nodeType":1616},{},[13280,13303,13326,13349],{"data":13281,"content":13282,"nodeType":1570},{},[13283],{"data":13284,"content":13285,"nodeType":866},{},[13286,13289,13299],{"data":13287,"marks":13288,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13290,"content":13292,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13291},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/claude-llm-artifacts-abused-to-push-mac-infostealers-in-clickfix-attack/",[13293],{"data":13294,"marks":13295,"value":13298,"nodeType":865},{},[13296,13297],{"type":943},{"type":926},"Fake Claude artifacts used in traditional ClickFix lures",{"data":13300,"marks":13301,"value":13302,"nodeType":865},{},[],": Attackers created public pages on the claude.ai domain itself (user-generated content that inherited the domain's trust) containing malicious terminal commands disguised as macOS utilities. These were promoted via hijacked Google Ads and viewed over 15,000 times before being taken down.",{"data":13304,"content":13305,"nodeType":1570},{},[13306],{"data":13307,"content":13308,"nodeType":866},{},[13309,13312,13322],{"data":13310,"marks":13311,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13313,"content":13315,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13314},"https://hunt.io/blog/fake-homebrew-clickfix-cuckoo-stealer-macos",[13316],{"data":13317,"marks":13318,"value":13321,"nodeType":865},{},[13319,13320],{"type":943},{"type":926},"Fake Homebrew installation pages",{"data":13323,"marks":13324,"value":13325,"nodeType":865},{},[],": Near-identical clones of the Homebrew website delivering the Cuckoo infostealer to macOS users, using the same \"copy this install command\" mechanic.",{"data":13327,"content":13328,"nodeType":1570},{},[13329],{"data":13330,"content":13331,"nodeType":866},{},[13332,13335,13345],{"data":13333,"marks":13334,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13336,"content":13338,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13337},"https://www.huntress.com/blog/openclaw-github-ghostsocks-infostealer",[13339],{"data":13340,"marks":13341,"value":13344,"nodeType":865},{},[13342,13343],{"type":943},{"type":926},"Fake OpenClaw installers on GitHub",{"data":13346,"marks":13347,"value":13348,"nodeType":865},{},[],": Malicious repositories impersonating the popular AI agent tool, boosted by Bing's AI search results, delivering infostealers and the GhostSocks proxy malware.",{"data":13350,"content":13351,"nodeType":1570},{},[13352],{"data":13353,"content":13354,"nodeType":866},{},[13355,13358,13368],{"data":13356,"marks":13357,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13359,"content":13361,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13360},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/02/malicious-npm-packages-harvest-crypto.html",[13362],{"data":13363,"marks":13364,"value":13367,"nodeType":865},{},[13365,13366],{"type":943},{"type":926},"Trojanised npm packages",{"data":13369,"marks":13370,"value":13371,"nodeType":865},{},[],": Malicious packages mimicking Claude Code's official npm package name, targeting developers who might make a typo or trust an unofficial source.",{"data":13373,"content":13374,"nodeType":866},{},[13375],{"data":13376,"marks":13377,"value":13378,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But this isn’t just a Claude problem — any tool or site that is likely to get clicks, and can be easily cloned, is a potential target for malvertising and impersonation. For example, we’ve also recently seen attackers target free web tools with clever ClickFix lures that only load after an attacker has interacted with the page — in the example below, uploading a file to remove an image background, or convert a document to PDF. These are clones of real sites that attackers have cloned because they allow them to intercept users entering common search terms. ",{"data":13380,"content":13384,"nodeType":912},{"target":13381},{"sys":13382},{"id":13383,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6fbQRdi1xXzMOmYTcAGDLc",[],{"data":13386,"content":13387,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":13389,"content":13390,"nodeType":1317},{},[13391],{"data":13392,"marks":13393,"value":13395,"nodeType":865},{},[13394],{"type":926},"How Push detects InstallFix",{"data":13397,"content":13398,"nodeType":866},{},[13399],{"data":13400,"marks":13401,"value":13402,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Regardless of the delivery channel, whether it's a phishing email, a malvertising lure, or a fake install page, all roads lead to a web page loaded in the user's browser, and that's where Push operates.",{"data":13404,"content":13405,"nodeType":866},{},[13406],{"data":13407,"marks":13408,"value":13409,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push sees what the user sees: the page as it renders in the browser, in real time. This means we can detect InstallFix pages by identifying the combination of signals that characterise them: lookalike domains impersonating known developer tools, copy-to-clipboard elements containing shell commands, and the presence of malvertising delivery indicators.",{"data":13411,"content":13412,"nodeType":866},{},[13413],{"data":13414,"marks":13415,"value":13416,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because Push detects threats directly in the browser, it doesn't matter that the attack came from a Google Search ad rather than an email. There's no phishing email for a Secure Email Gateway to inspect — the user searched for and navigated to the page themselves. But the page still loads in the browser, where Push is there to catch it.",{"data":13418,"content":13419,"nodeType":866},{},[13420,13424,13433,13436,13445,13449,13457],{"data":13421,"marks":13422,"value":13423,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To learn more about how Push protects against InstallFix, ClickFix, and other browser-based attacks, ",{"data":13425,"content":13427,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/product-brochure",[13428],{"data":13429,"marks":13430,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[13431],{"type":943},"check out our latest product overview",{"data":13434,"marks":13435,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13437,"content":13439,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13438},"https://pushsecurity.com/product-demo/",[13440],{"data":13441,"marks":13442,"value":13444,"nodeType":865},{},[13443],{"type":943},"visit our demo library",{"data":13446,"marks":13447,"value":13448,"nodeType":865},{},[],", or ",{"data":13450,"content":13451,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[13452],{"data":13453,"marks":13454,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[13455],{"type":943},"book some time with one of our team for a live demo",{"data":13458,"marks":13459,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13461,"content":13462,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":13464,"content":13465,"nodeType":981},{},[13466],{"data":13467,"marks":13468,"value":13470,"nodeType":865},{},[13469],{"type":926},"IoCs",{"data":13472,"content":13473,"nodeType":866},{},[13474,13477,13484],{"data":13475,"marks":13476,"value":7213,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13478,"content":13479,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7216},[13480],{"data":13481,"marks":13482,"value":7221,"nodeType":865},{},[13483],{"type":943},{"data":13485,"marks":13486,"value":7225,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13488,"content":13489,"nodeType":866},{},[13490],{"data":13491,"marks":13492,"value":13493,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is a fast-moving situation, with domains constantly being spun up. At the time of writing, the domains observed were:",{"data":13495,"content":13496,"nodeType":866},{},[13497],{"data":13498,"marks":13499,"value":13501,"nodeType":865},{},[13500],{"type":926},"Cloned 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One recent detection led us down the rabbit hole — and right into a criminal phishing panel. ",{"data":13950,"content":13951,"nodeType":866},{},[13952,13956,13962,13966,13974],{"data":13953,"marks":13954,"value":13955,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Real-time operated phishing panels have been used extensively in recent months, in vishing + phishing attacks attributed to first ",{"data":13957,"content":13958,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10046},[13959],{"data":13960,"marks":13961,"value":3825,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13963,"marks":13964,"value":13965,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and more recently the ",{"data":13967,"content":13969,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13968},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-blackfile-extortion-gang-targets-retail-and-hospitality-orgs/",[13970],{"data":13971,"marks":13972,"value":13973,"nodeType":865},{},[],"BlackFile",{"data":13975,"marks":13976,"value":13977,"nodeType":865},{},[]," hacking group, with a significant overlap in techniques and tooling. 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",{"data":14010,"marks":14011,"value":14013,"nodeType":865},{},[14012],{"type":926},"In total, we’ve identified over 400 domains linked to the attacks, giving an indication of the scale. ",{"data":14015,"content":14019,"nodeType":912},{"target":14016},{"sys":14017},{"id":14018,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2Z1LUdYXVONWO9nnJTkWsJ",[],{"data":14021,"content":14022,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":14024,"content":14025,"nodeType":981},{},[14026],{"data":14027,"marks":14028,"value":14030,"nodeType":865},{},[14029],{"type":926},"Background",{"data":14032,"content":14033,"nodeType":866},{},[14034],{"data":14035,"marks":14036,"value":14037,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Since at least August 2025, attackers have been running hybrid social engineering campaigns targeting hundreds of organizations across financial services, technology, cryptocurrency, healthcare, hospitality, and private aviation. ",{"data":14039,"content":14040,"nodeType":1616},{},[14041,14056,14071,14086],{"data":14042,"content":14043,"nodeType":1570},{},[14044],{"data":14045,"content":14046,"nodeType":866},{},[14047,14052],{"data":14048,"marks":14049,"value":14051,"nodeType":865},{},[14050],{"type":926},"August 2025: ",{"data":14053,"marks":14054,"value":14055,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tooling made available, used in crypto-focused attacks",{"data":14057,"content":14058,"nodeType":1570},{},[14059],{"data":14060,"content":14061,"nodeType":866},{},[14062,14067],{"data":14063,"marks":14064,"value":14066,"nodeType":865},{},[14065],{"type":926},"November 2025:",{"data":14068,"marks":14069,"value":14070,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Major attacks on enterprise identity platforms begin",{"data":14072,"content":14073,"nodeType":1570},{},[14074],{"data":14075,"content":14076,"nodeType":866},{},[14077,14082],{"data":14078,"marks":14079,"value":14081,"nodeType":865},{},[14080],{"type":926},"January 2026: ",{"data":14083,"marks":14084,"value":14085,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Public breaches reported",{"data":14087,"content":14088,"nodeType":1570},{},[14089],{"data":14090,"content":14091,"nodeType":866},{},[14092,14097],{"data":14093,"marks":14094,"value":14096,"nodeType":865},{},[14095],{"type":926},"March 2026: ",{"data":14098,"marks":14099,"value":14100,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Activity spikes again",{"data":14102,"content":14103,"nodeType":866},{},[14104],{"data":14105,"marks":14106,"value":14107,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacks combine voice phishing with MFA-bypassing adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) phishing mechanisms that allow the attacker to steal authenticated sessions for target applications — typically enterprise identity providers and cryptocurrency exchanges. Once an identity provider account is compromised, the attackers pivot across connected SaaS platforms — SharePoint, Salesforce, DocuSign, Slack — exfiltrates data, and attempts to extort the victim organization. ",{"data":14109,"content":14113,"nodeType":912},{"target":14110},{"sys":14111},{"id":14112,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2X2YXMpozrbRQhegk7yF1k",[],{"data":14115,"content":14116,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":14118,"content":14119,"nodeType":981},{},[14120],{"data":14121,"marks":14122,"value":14124,"nodeType":865},{},[14123],{"type":926},"Inside the panels: what Push found",{"data":14126,"content":14127,"nodeType":866},{},[14128],{"data":14129,"marks":14130,"value":14131,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detected an active Okta phishing site with TTPs aligned to the tooling used by SLH and affiliated groups. Through analysis of the phishing infrastructure, we gained direct access to Doko’s Panel and variants, and were able to observe how these attacks unfold from the operator's perspective — including real victim submission logs from the current week confirming ongoing active operations.",{"data":14133,"content":14137,"nodeType":912},{"target":14134},{"sys":14135},{"id":14136,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5ND0etPs5xN7ejz24l71jy",[],{"data":14139,"content":14140,"nodeType":1317},{},[14141],{"data":14142,"marks":14143,"value":14145,"nodeType":865},{},[14144],{"type":926},"How the attack works",{"data":14147,"content":14148,"nodeType":866},{},[14149],{"data":14150,"marks":14151,"value":14152,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The general sequence of steps is the same across the panels:",{"data":14154,"content":14155,"nodeType":1616},{},[14156,14171,14186,14210,14225,14240,14264],{"data":14157,"content":14158,"nodeType":1570},{},[14159],{"data":14160,"content":14161,"nodeType":866},{},[14162,14167],{"data":14163,"marks":14164,"value":14166,"nodeType":865},{},[14165],{"type":926},"The operator calls the target",{"data":14168,"marks":14169,"value":14170,"nodeType":865},{},[]," spoofing the organization's IT helpdesk number, often referencing real employee names or internal ticket numbers to establish trust. The target is directed to a phishing domain — usually following a combosquatting pattern like my\u003Ctarget>internal[.]com or \u003Ctarget>sso[.]com — under the pretext of a mandatory security update, passkey enrollment, or support ticket resolution. ",{"data":14172,"content":14173,"nodeType":1570},{},[14174],{"data":14175,"content":14176,"nodeType":866},{},[14177,14182],{"data":14178,"marks":14179,"value":14181,"nodeType":865},{},[14180],{"type":926},"The victim lands on the phishing domain",{"data":14183,"marks":14184,"value":14185,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and is presented with a loading spinner — the anti-bot gate that prevents unauthorized access to the phishing pages.",{"data":14187,"content":14188,"nodeType":1570},{},[14189],{"data":14190,"content":14191,"nodeType":866},{},[14192,14197,14201,14206],{"data":14193,"marks":14194,"value":14196,"nodeType":865},{},[14195],{"type":926},"The operator accepts the visitor",{"data":14198,"marks":14199,"value":14200,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from the admin panel and ",{"data":14202,"marks":14203,"value":14205,"nodeType":865},{},[14204],{"type":926},"the victim is redirected",{"data":14207,"marks":14208,"value":14209,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to the cloned login page (e.g. Google, Microsoft, Okta).",{"data":14211,"content":14212,"nodeType":1570},{},[14213],{"data":14214,"content":14215,"nodeType":866},{},[14216,14221],{"data":14217,"marks":14218,"value":14220,"nodeType":865},{},[14219],{"type":926},"The victim enters their email address and password",{"data":14222,"marks":14223,"value":14224,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which is forwarded to the operator's Telegram channel. The victim sees a processing spinner on the branded login form.",{"data":14226,"content":14227,"nodeType":1570},{},[14228],{"data":14229,"content":14230,"nodeType":866},{},[14231,14236],{"data":14232,"marks":14233,"value":14235,"nodeType":865},{},[14234],{"type":926},"The operator relays the credentials",{"data":14237,"marks":14238,"value":14239,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to the real identity provider. If they're valid, the attack proceeds. If they're invalid, the operator can redirect the victim back to the credential entry pages. Assuming MFA is required, the operator issues a redirect to an appropriate MFA capture page — \"Submit SMS OTP,\" \"Submit Gauth OTP,\" or \"Approve [XX] Prompt,\" depending on what the legitimate IdP is presenting.",{"data":14241,"content":14242,"nodeType":1570},{},[14243],{"data":14244,"content":14245,"nodeType":866},{},[14246,14251,14255,14260],{"data":14247,"marks":14248,"value":14250,"nodeType":865},{},[14249],{"type":926},"The victim submits their OTP or approves the push notification ",{"data":14252,"marks":14253,"value":14254,"nodeType":865},{},[],"and",{"data":14256,"marks":14257,"value":14259,"nodeType":865},{},[14258],{"type":926}," the operator relays the OTP",{"data":14261,"marks":14262,"value":14263,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in their own login session, completes authentication, and captures the session. ",{"data":14265,"content":14266,"nodeType":1570},{},[14267],{"data":14268,"content":14269,"nodeType":866},{},[14270,14275],{"data":14271,"marks":14272,"value":14274,"nodeType":865},{},[14273],{"type":926},"The victim is redirected to a benign page",{"data":14276,"marks":14277,"value":14278,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (e.g., Google Drive) or to a support ticket closure screen displaying a fabricated ticket number.",{"data":14280,"content":14284,"nodeType":912},{"target":14281},{"sys":14282},{"id":14283,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1o0wm3EOd7zSl5MddsNxgL",[],{"data":14286,"content":14290,"nodeType":912},{"target":14287},{"sys":14288},{"id":14289,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7w7SQEn3aITpcgXLMThhbS",[],{"data":14292,"content":14293,"nodeType":866},{},[14294],{"data":14295,"marks":14296,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":14298,"content":14302,"nodeType":912},{"target":14299},{"sys":14300},{"id":14301,"type":909,"linkType":910},"PJJabY1ZfoCfl8XQ6PMj2",[],{"data":14304,"content":14305,"nodeType":1317},{},[14306],{"data":14307,"marks":14308,"value":14310,"nodeType":865},{},[14309],{"type":926},"Doko’s Panel",{"data":14312,"content":14313,"nodeType":866},{},[14314],{"data":14315,"marks":14316,"value":14317,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the panels themselves. We'll start with the default version of Doko's Panel since it’s the most established. It provides a multi-functional framework targeting users of Google, Microsoft Entra, Okta, and popular cryptocurrency exchanges including Abra, Coinbase, Gemini, and Kraken. Its core functionality resides in a client-side JavaScript file (client.js) that establishes the real-time feedback loop between the victim's browser and the operator's C2.",{"data":14319,"content":14320,"nodeType":866},{},[14321],{"data":14322,"marks":14323,"value":14324,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The technical indicators that characterize Doko's Panel in its standard form include:",{"data":14326,"content":14327,"nodeType":1616},{},[14328,14343,14358,14373],{"data":14329,"content":14330,"nodeType":1570},{},[14331],{"data":14332,"content":14333,"nodeType":866},{},[14334,14339],{"data":14335,"marks":14336,"value":14338,"nodeType":865},{},[14337],{"type":926},"client.js",{"data":14340,"marks":14341,"value":14342,"nodeType":865},{},[]," containing a pingServer() function that sends a JSON POST request to /backend.php every second with the structure { action: 'ping', token, window_id, page, os, browser }. If the response contains a redirect key, the victim's browser navigates to that path. ",{"data":14344,"content":14345,"nodeType":1570},{},[14346],{"data":14347,"content":14348,"nodeType":866},{},[14349,14354],{"data":14350,"marks":14351,"value":14353,"nodeType":865},{},[14352],{"type":926},"sendTelegramMessage()",{"data":14355,"marks":14356,"value":14357,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (aliased to sendtg()), a function for relaying real-time credential submissions and session updates to the operator's Telegram channel.",{"data":14359,"content":14360,"nodeType":1570},{},[14361],{"data":14362,"content":14363,"nodeType":866},{},[14364,14369],{"data":14365,"marks":14366,"value":14368,"nodeType":865},{},[14367],{"type":926},"backend.php",{"data":14370,"marks":14371,"value":14372,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as the primary server-side handler for both victim ping actions and admin panel operations (retrieving connected victim information, sending redirect instructions).",{"data":14374,"content":14375,"nodeType":1570},{},[14376],{"data":14377,"content":14378,"nodeType":866},{},[14379,14384],{"data":14380,"marks":14381,"value":14383,"nodeType":865},{},[14382],{"type":926},"j.php",{"data":14385,"marks":14386,"value":14387,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as the endpoint for sending Telegram messages, relaying captured credentials and session logs.",{"data":14389,"content":14390,"nodeType":866},{},[14391],{"data":14392,"marks":14393,"value":14394,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push found that deployments of Doko's Panel had minimal security by default — anyone was able to view the admin panel and manage visitors' connections without authentication.",{"data":14396,"content":14400,"nodeType":912},{"target":14397},{"sys":14398},{"id":14399,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3glwGSGHdCpf3DLqNmQqN8",[],{"data":14402,"content":14406,"nodeType":912},{"target":14403},{"sys":14404},{"id":14405,"type":909,"linkType":910},"20ymWIXMkmJlw7XYb93c9o",[],{"data":14408,"content":14409,"nodeType":1317},{},[14410],{"data":14411,"marks":14412,"value":14414,"nodeType":865},{},[14413],{"type":926},"Panel proliferation and remixes",{"data":14416,"content":14417,"nodeType":866},{},[14418],{"data":14419,"marks":14420,"value":14421,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Access to Doko's Panel has clearly proliferated beyond its original developers, resulting in remixes and variants being distributed across the ecosystem. Push identified a variant titled \"Lord Mensius's Panel\" targeting Koinly (a cryptocurrency tax platform), and another titled \"$$$\" using a template impersonating the Australian Tax Office, also targeting cryptocurrency tax filing. ",{"data":14423,"content":14424,"nodeType":866},{},[14425],{"data":14426,"marks":14427,"value":14428,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The existence of these independently branded forks indicates that the tooling has entered a phase of wider distribution — operators who obtained the original panel source are now customizing and reshipping it for their own purposes. As a result, the tooling is now accessible to a broad population of financially motivated threat actors. ",{"data":14430,"content":14431,"nodeType":1317},{},[14432],{"data":14433,"marks":14434,"value":14436,"nodeType":865},{},[14435],{"type":926},"heartbeat/check_redirect variant",{"data":14438,"content":14439,"nodeType":866},{},[14440],{"data":14441,"marks":14442,"value":14443,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In addition to Doko’s Panel and its forks, the site initially detected by Push used a modified variant of Doko's Panel with a different C2 protocol. Rather than the standard ping action, this variant sent two types of regular requests from client.js to the backend:",{"data":14445,"content":14446,"nodeType":1616},{},[14447,14462],{"data":14448,"content":14449,"nodeType":1570},{},[14450],{"data":14451,"content":14452,"nodeType":866},{},[14453,14458],{"data":14454,"marks":14455,"value":14457,"nodeType":865},{},[14456],{"type":926},"Heartbeat",{"data":14459,"marks":14460,"value":14461,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — POST to backend.php with action=heartbeat along with page, token, and window_id.",{"data":14463,"content":14464,"nodeType":1570},{},[14465],{"data":14466,"content":14467,"nodeType":866},{},[14468,14473],{"data":14469,"marks":14470,"value":14472,"nodeType":865},{},[14471],{"type":926},"Check Redirect",{"data":14474,"marks":14475,"value":14476,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — GET to backend.php with parameters action=check_redirect along with token and window_id.",{"data":14478,"content":14479,"nodeType":866},{},[14480],{"data":14481,"marks":14482,"value":14483,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A redirect instruction in response to either request causes the victim's browser to navigate to the specified page. The variant compounds this with a separate inline script embedded in the landing gate HTML — in addition to client.js — that schedules its own sendHeartbeat() and checkRedirect() functions on regular intervals. ",{"data":14485,"content":14489,"nodeType":912},{"target":14486},{"sys":14487},{"id":14488,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6zRc9ublZvEQCxcWtMBSnF",[],{"data":14491,"content":14492,"nodeType":866},{},[14493],{"data":14494,"marks":14495,"value":14496,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Additional technical differentiators for this variant include:",{"data":14498,"content":14499,"nodeType":1616},{},[14500,14515,14530],{"data":14501,"content":14502,"nodeType":1570},{},[14503],{"data":14504,"content":14505,"nodeType":866},{},[14506,14511],{"data":14507,"marks":14508,"value":14510,"nodeType":865},{},[14509],{"type":926},"UUID generation",{"data":14512,"marks":14513,"value":14514,"nodeType":865},{},[]," using Math.random() to replace x in the template xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx, rather than the original Doko's Panel method of constructing a template from [1e7]+-1e3+-4e3+-8e3+-1e11 and replacing [018].",{"data":14516,"content":14517,"nodeType":1570},{},[14518],{"data":14519,"content":14520,"nodeType":866},{},[14521,14526],{"data":14522,"marks":14523,"value":14525,"nodeType":865},{},[14524],{"type":926},"No central Telegram sending function",{"data":14527,"marks":14528,"value":14529,"nodeType":865},{},[],", though j.php still exists and is called from inline scripts on individual phishing pages.",{"data":14531,"content":14532,"nodeType":1570},{},[14533],{"data":14534,"content":14535,"nodeType":866},{},[14536,14541],{"data":14537,"marks":14538,"value":14540,"nodeType":865},{},[14539],{"type":926},"No use of FNV-1a",{"data":14542,"marks":14543,"value":14544,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to hash-generate the window ID.",{"data":14546,"content":14547,"nodeType":866},{},[14548],{"data":14549,"marks":14550,"value":14551,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push also found sub-variants hosting Okta phishing pages with additional modifications: a minified client.js script, and a renamed backend endpoint (api_FyekIDWY.php replacing backend.php).",{"data":14553,"content":14554,"nodeType":1317},{},[14555],{"data":14556,"marks":14557,"value":14559,"nodeType":865},{},[14558],{"type":926},"Revamped admin panel",{"data":14561,"content":14562,"nodeType":866},{},[14563],{"data":14564,"marks":14565,"value":14566,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push also found examples of a significantly revamped admin panel, including a version from April 2026 specifically targeting Microsoft as an enterprise identity provider. ",{"data":14568,"content":14572,"nodeType":912},{"target":14569},{"sys":14570},{"id":14571,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3ufb4cotpg0f7yoIQJnND0",[],{"data":14574,"content":14575,"nodeType":866},{},[14576],{"data":14577,"marks":14578,"value":14579,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This panel featured a more sophisticated operator interface with an updated look, quick action buttons, and sound notifications.",{"data":14581,"content":14582,"nodeType":866},{},[14583],{"data":14584,"marks":14585,"value":14586,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In addition to the standard compromise flow for acquiring email, password, and OTP, this panel provided operator actions for sending Microsoft Teams call instructions to the victim — a Meeting ID and Passcode rendered on a branded page. This capability likely enables further interaction through a channel that supports screensharing, extending the attacker's reach beyond credential theft into live session manipulation. It also has the potential to make the scenario more believable for the victim.",{"data":14588,"content":14592,"nodeType":912},{"target":14589},{"sys":14590},{"id":14591,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4pg65d1SvTJA3xm6AsxZBp",[],{"data":14594,"content":14595,"nodeType":866},{},[14596],{"data":14597,"marks":14598,"value":14599,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Other capabilities were referenced in the panel's source code but did not appear active in the observed deployment:",{"data":14601,"content":14602,"nodeType":1616},{},[14603,14618],{"data":14604,"content":14605,"nodeType":1570},{},[14606],{"data":14607,"content":14608,"nodeType":866},{},[14609,14614],{"data":14610,"marks":14611,"value":14613,"nodeType":865},{},[14612],{"type":926},"Additional MFA approval pages",{"data":14615,"marks":14616,"value":14617,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for Duo and Okta, with the operator providing a code to display to the victim.",{"data":14619,"content":14620,"nodeType":1570},{},[14621],{"data":14622,"content":14623,"nodeType":866},{},[14624,14629],{"data":14625,"marks":14626,"value":14628,"nodeType":865},{},[14627],{"type":926},"A code execution prompt",{"data":14630,"marks":14631,"value":14632,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to instruct the victim to run a command — the placeholder example being mshta to execute a remote HTA file, suggesting a potential bridge from identity compromise into malware delivery.",{"data":14634,"content":14635,"nodeType":866},{},[14636],{"data":14637,"marks":14638,"value":14639,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The admin panel also included settings for restricting access to specific geographic locations and device types, allowing operators to refine their campaign targeting and also avoid detection from unusual devices (often an indicator that the visitor is not a real human and is actually a security tool or bot).",{"data":14641,"content":14645,"nodeType":912},{"target":14642},{"sys":14643},{"id":14644,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1hebGtxbkyuejWXczwx5n6",[],{"data":14647,"content":14648,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":14650,"content":14651,"nodeType":981},{},[14652],{"data":14653,"marks":14654,"value":14656,"nodeType":865},{},[14655],{"type":926},"LLM-generated tells: vibe-coded phishing infrastructure",{"data":14658,"content":14659,"nodeType":866},{},[14660],{"data":14661,"marks":14662,"value":14663,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Evidence of extensive LLM use is extremely prevalent in attacks detected by Push, from LLM-generated phishing kits and tools to vibe-coded cloned pages. Attackers have also been observed leveraging AI–assisted capabilities in SaaS platforms to automate and scale-up their campaigns from an infrastructure and operations perspective. ",{"data":14665,"content":14666,"nodeType":866},{},[14667],{"data":14668,"marks":14669,"value":14670,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The ‘heartbeat’ variant in particular has significant tells of heavy use of LLMs to modify the phishing panel for the operator’s needs. The fact that these are so blatant increases the belief that these tools are being vibe-coded by relatively inexperienced developers with limited regard for operational security.",{"data":14672,"content":14673,"nodeType":866},{},[14674],{"data":14675,"marks":14676,"value":14677,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Some versions of client.js begin with verbose header comments that no human developer would write:",{"data":14679,"content":14682,"nodeType":912},{"target":14680},{"sys":14681},{"id":6175,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":14684,"content":14685,"nodeType":866},{},[14686],{"data":14687,"marks":14688,"value":14689,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The \"NOTES FOR NEXT SESSION\" header is particularly telling — it's a pattern generated by LLMs that maintain context between chat sessions, not a convention any human developer would adopt in production code, let alone in a phishing kit where operational security should discourage self-documenting infrastructure.",{"data":14691,"content":14692,"nodeType":866},{},[14693],{"data":14694,"marks":14695,"value":14696,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The admin panel HTML contains similarly over-documented opening comments:",{"data":14698,"content":14702,"nodeType":912},{"target":14699},{"sys":14700},{"id":14701,"type":909,"linkType":910},"60snRhz0RIsvLI6OU9RDOk",[],{"data":14704,"content":14705,"nodeType":866},{},[14706],{"data":14707,"marks":14708,"value":14709,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the Okta cloned login pages observed by Push contained the following comments suggesting the use of an LLM to create the clone:",{"data":14711,"content":14715,"nodeType":912},{"target":14712},{"sys":14713},{"id":14714,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1WCd5LQ6cfPf1IsNAhPSIT",[],{"data":14717,"content":14718,"nodeType":866},{},[14719],{"data":14720,"marks":14721,"value":14722,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The cloned Microsoft login pages displayed previously contain terser comments, but still typical of useless comments that are included by an LLM rather than a human author, especially a malware/phishing author:",{"data":14724,"content":14728,"nodeType":912},{"target":14725},{"sys":14726},{"id":14727,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6WN59mkiscNmAt8dmOR81c",[],{"data":14730,"content":14731,"nodeType":866},{},[14732],{"data":14733,"marks":14734,"value":14735,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The broken duplication in the heartbeat variant — where an inline script and client.js independently schedule the same backend requests using slightly different data formats — is consistent with an operator pasting requirements into an LLM and accepting the output without understanding the existing codebase well enough to recognize the redundancy.",{"data":14737,"content":14738,"nodeType":866},{},[14739],{"data":14740,"marks":14741,"value":14742,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clearly, the barrier to entry for building (or forking) and operating a real-time vishing phishing panel is lower than the effectiveness of the tooling might suggest.",{"data":14744,"content":14745,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":14747,"content":14748,"nodeType":981},{},[14749],{"data":14750,"marks":14751,"value":14753,"nodeType":865},{},[14752],{"type":926},"Infrastructure clustering and attribution",{"data":14755,"content":14756,"nodeType":866},{},[14757,14761,14766],{"data":14758,"marks":14759,"value":14760,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Through analysis of phishing domains, hosting infrastructure, and technical indicators in the panel source code, ",{"data":14762,"marks":14763,"value":14765,"nodeType":865},{},[14764],{"type":926},"we’re highlighting four distinct infrastructure clusters associated with this tooling. ",{"data":14767,"marks":14768,"value":14769,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While the panels share common heritage, the operators deploying them appear to be separate groups with different infrastructure preferences and operational patterns.",{"data":14771,"content":14772,"nodeType":1317},{},[14773],{"data":14774,"marks":14775,"value":14776,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cluster A",{"data":14778,"content":14779,"nodeType":866},{},[14780,14784,14793],{"data":14781,"marks":14782,"value":14783,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The indicators for Cluster A overlap with ",{"data":14785,"content":14787,"nodeType":889},{"uri":14786},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/expansion-shinyhunters-saas-data-theft",[14788],{"data":14789,"marks":14790,"value":14792,"nodeType":865},{},[14791],{"type":943},"Mandiant’s reporting on UNC6661",{"data":14794,"marks":14795,"value":14796,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Mandiant also attributes the extortion activity following UNC6661 intrusions to UNC6240, aka 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This has implications for defenders relying on proactive infrastructure scanning: the gated landing pages, anti-bot checks, and operator-approval requirements mean the malicious content is only served to active targets, making it significantly harder for automated scanners to discover and flag these domains before they're used against a victim.",{"data":15746,"content":15747,"nodeType":866},{},[15748,15753],{"data":15749,"marks":15750,"value":15752,"nodeType":865},{},[15751],{"type":926},"The phone call as delivery vector eliminates the email-based detection surface that most organizations rely on as their primary phishing defense. ",{"data":15754,"marks":15755,"value":15756,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Operator-gated payload delivery further reduces the likelihood that these sites will be flagged as malicious and added to known-bad detection lists (and in any case, it’s trivial for attackers to spin up new ones). This reinforces the need for browser-based detection at the point the user interacts with the page, analyzing it in real time for malicious content without relying on static IoCs. ",{"data":15758,"content":15759,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":15761,"content":15762,"nodeType":981},{},[15763],{"data":15764,"marks":15765,"value":7206,"nodeType":865},{},[15766],{"type":926},{"data":15768,"content":15769,"nodeType":866},{},[15770,15774,15780],{"data":15771,"marks":15772,"value":15773,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Short-lived IoCs are of limited value when tackling modern phishing attacks due to the rate at which attackers are able to ",{"data":15775,"content":15776,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7216},[15777],{"data":15778,"marks":15779,"value":7221,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":15781,"marks":15782,"value":15783,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in the attack chain, often dynamically serving different URLs to site visitors. ",{"data":15785,"content":15786,"nodeType":866},{},[15787,15790,15798],{"data":15788,"marks":15789,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":15791,"content":15793,"nodeType":889},{"uri":15792},"https://www.virustotal.com/gui/collection/0f745e9da6ef7664444594a7ee930cfe5a9d8bd6c2f039dcde818599b8926610",[15794],{"data":15795,"marks":15796,"value":15797,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The full list of IoCs is on VirusTotal here. ",{"data":15799,"marks":15800,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":15802,"content":15803,"nodeType":866},{},[15804],{"data":15805,"marks":15806,"value":7163,"nodeType":865},{},[15807],{"type":926},{"data":15809,"content":15810,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":15812,"content":15813,"nodeType":981},{},[15814],{"data":15815,"marks":15816,"value":2270,"nodeType":865},{},[15817],{"type":926},{"data":15819,"content":15820,"nodeType":866},{},[15821,15825,15831],{"data":15822,"marks":15823,"value":15824,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.\n\nSecurity teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.\n\nBook a ",{"data":15826,"content":15827,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[15828],{"data":15829,"marks":15830,"value":2298,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":15832,"marks":15833,"value":2302,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We infiltrated a criminal phishing panel: here’s what we found","We got an inside look at a phishing panel used in criminal campaigns linked to operators like ShinyHunters and BlackFile. Here’s what we found.","2026-05-07T00:00:00.000Z","inside-criminal-phishing-panel",{"items":15839},[15840,15842],{"sys":15841,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":15843,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":15845},[15846],{"fullName":15847,"firstName":15848,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":15849},"Push Security Research Team","Research",{"url":15850},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7LpkwyXbOZ8WCVTAXzULmC/bfa3634c78ee9dfbee6606ba5519918b/push-round.png","blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign",{"json":15853},{"data":15854,"content":15855,"nodeType":1382},{},[15856],{"data":15857,"content":15858,"nodeType":866},{},[15859],{"data":15860,"marks":15861,"value":15862,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are abusing the shared content features of AI chatbot platforms — ChatGPT and Claude — to deliver malware through pages hosted on legitimate, trusted domains, distributing the malicious links via sponsored malvertising ads on search engines. ",{"id":6573,"publishedAt":15864},"2026-08-12T12:00:49.899Z",{"items":15866},[15867,15869],{"sys":15868,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":15870,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":15872},[15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895],{"sys":15874,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":15876,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":15878,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":15880,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":15882,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45},{"id":445},{"sys":15884,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":15886,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":15888,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":15890,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},{"sys":15892,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45},{"id":560},{"sys":15894,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":15896,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},"IqK0SBDuAwVjeXZ7slErmV4yVzN_7gBWkRubjc6cQw4",{"id":15899,"title":15900,"authorsCollection":15901,"content":15909,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":16563,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":16565,"metaTitle":16566,"ogImage":59,"postType":1424,"publishedDate":16567,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":16568,"slug":18863,"stem":18864,"subtitle":59,"summary":18865,"synopsis":18888,"sys":18889,"tagsCollection":18892,"topicsCollection":18898,"__hash__":18944},"blog/blog/7-things-we-learned-from-troy-hunt.json","Troy Hunt webinar recap: Lessons from 'Yes, you've been pwned' with Troy Hunt",{"items":15902},[15903],{"fullName":15904,"firstName":15905,"jobTitle":15906,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":15907},"Daniel Park","Daniel","Technical Content",{"url":15908},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6Cwg1xVeCdzUvxBIMfnDO5/6b18ed126b53611e7b521da34f900d29/254-0-2.jpg",{"json":15910,"links":16554},{"data":15911,"content":15912,"nodeType":1382},{},[15913,15920,15926,15929,15937,15955,15962,15969,15999,16018,16021,16029,16036,16065,16072,16075,16083,16090,16097,16136,16143,16146,16154,16185,16192,16199,16230,16233,16241,16261,16268,16286,16289,16297,16304,16322,16363,16366,16374,16381,16420,16449,16499,16502,16510,16517,16524],{"data":15914,"content":15915,"nodeType":866},{},[15916],{"data":15917,"marks":15918,"value":15919,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The thread running through the whole conversation was identity: how attackers get it, why defenders struggle to protect it, and what the current generation of attacks means for security teams that thought they'd solved the credential problem.",{"data":15921,"content":15925,"nodeType":912},{"target":15922},{"sys":15923},{"id":15924,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5dcYX9bbre53KdZOF6PsyH",[],{"data":15927,"content":15928,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":15930,"content":15931,"nodeType":981},{},[15932],{"data":15933,"marks":15934,"value":15936,"nodeType":865},{},[15935],{"type":926},"1. Compromised credentials are everywhere, and most organizations can't tell which ones matter",{"data":15938,"content":15939,"nodeType":866},{},[15940,15944,15951],{"data":15941,"marks":15942,"value":15943,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The scale of enterprise identity is the backdrop for the entire conversation. The average employee maintains around 15 SaaS accounts, and only a fraction of those sit behind SSO. Of the last million logins observed by Push, ",{"data":15945,"content":15946,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1902},[15947],{"data":15948,"marks":15949,"value":15950,"nodeType":865},{},[],"1 in 4 were password-based rather than SSO, 2 in 5 were not protected by MFA, and 1 in 5 used a weak, breached, or reused password",{"data":15952,"marks":15953,"value":15954,"nodeType":865},{},[],". That's the starting posture — before you even account for how many of those credentials have already been stolen.",{"data":15956,"content":15957,"nodeType":866},{},[15958],{"data":15959,"marks":15960,"value":15961,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Troy's data suggests the answer is: most of them. \"We know credential reuse is massive,\" he said. \"We know attackers get credentials from one data breach and then they go along and they try them on all sorts of different services, and now you've got one data breach leading to multiple account takeovers.\" His service now holds billions of email addresses, monitors 400,000 domains including more than half the Fortune 500, and sends millions of breach notifications every year.",{"data":15963,"content":15964,"nodeType":866},{},[15965],{"data":15966,"marks":15967,"value":15968,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The problem compounds because, as Troy put it, \"data never really dies.\" Employees leave, but their credentials persist in breach datasets and across the SaaS apps they signed up for during their tenure. When an organization pulls its breach exposure data, a significant proportion of what comes back is noise — departed employees, fabricated email addresses, accounts for services that were never sanctioned. Mark described the operational reality: getting a notification that an email address has appeared in a breach \"can be very helpful context, but can also be a recipe for spending some time only to find out that maybe that person left two years ago.\"",{"data":15970,"content":15971,"nodeType":866},{},[15972,15976,15983,15987,15995],{"data":15973,"marks":15974,"value":15975,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The proof is in the breaches. The ",{"data":15977,"content":15978,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[15979],{"data":15980,"marks":15981,"value":15982,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Snowflake incident",{"data":15984,"marks":15985,"value":15986,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was the watershed example — 80% of the compromised accounts had prior breach exposure in datasets dating back to 2020, but without MFA enforcement and without visibility into which credentials were actively in use, those warnings went unanswered while attackers walked in through the front door. The accounts still had local, password-based logins enabled — ",{"data":15988,"content":15990,"nodeType":889},{"uri":15989},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you/",[15991],{"data":15992,"marks":15993,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ghost logins",{"data":15996,"marks":15997,"value":15998,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that persisted even in environments that thought they'd moved to SSO.",{"data":16000,"content":16001,"nodeType":866},{},[16002,16006,16014],{"data":16003,"marks":16004,"value":16005,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's approach is to ",{"data":16007,"content":16009,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16008},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verified-stolen-credential-detection/",[16010],{"data":16011,"marks":16012,"value":16013,"nodeType":865},{},[],"match breach intelligence against observed login behavior",{"data":16015,"marks":16016,"value":16017,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — correlating stolen credential feeds with the authentication events Push sees in the browser, so that a compromised credential only generates an alert when someone is actively logging in with it. That eliminates 99% of the false positives that make raw breach feeds so painful to operationalize, and turns a low-fidelity data source into something security teams can actually act on.",{"data":16019,"content":16020,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16022,"content":16023,"nodeType":981},{},[16024],{"data":16025,"marks":16026,"value":16028,"nodeType":865},{},[16027],{"type":926},"2. Attacks aren't slowing down — they're industrializing",{"data":16030,"content":16031,"nodeType":866},{},[16032],{"data":16033,"marks":16034,"value":16035,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With that many vulnerable credentials sitting in circulation, the question is how easily attackers can exploit them — and the answer, as Troy described it, is easier than ever. \"There's almost like the democratization of hacking tools,\" he said. \"When you get all of these things as a service — phishing as a service, ransomware as a service — you don't need to be particularly technically smart if you can go and pay someone else for access to their infrastructure.\"",{"data":16037,"content":16038,"nodeType":866},{},[16039,16043,16050,16054,16061],{"data":16040,"marks":16041,"value":16042,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The criminal tooling ecosystem now mirrors legitimate SaaS: turnkey platforms with tiered pricing, customer support, and continuous development cycles. Phishing-as-a-Service kits like ",{"data":16044,"content":16045,"nodeType":889},{"uri":9706},[16046],{"data":16047,"marks":16048,"value":16049,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tycoon2FA",{"data":16051,"marks":16052,"value":16053,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — responsible for 62% of phishing blocked by Microsoft — offer turnkey AiTM infrastructure that intercepts session tokens in real time and bypasses MFA out of the box. The kits are also converging: AiTM platforms are adding device code phishing modules, credential harvesting kits are adding session token capture, and ",{"data":16055,"content":16056,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5461},[16057],{"data":16058,"marks":16059,"value":16060,"nodeType":865},{},[],"60–70% of phishing attacks now originate from PhaaS platforms",{"data":16062,"marks":16063,"value":16064,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The sophistication of the attack no longer reflects the sophistication of the attacker.",{"data":16066,"content":16067,"nodeType":866},{},[16068],{"data":16069,"marks":16070,"value":16071,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As Troy said: \"If you look at this through the lens of the moral neutrality of technology, that rising tide lifts all boats. And some of those boats are criminals who can now do things easier than before.\"",{"data":16073,"content":16074,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16076,"content":16077,"nodeType":981},{},[16078],{"data":16079,"marks":16080,"value":16082,"nodeType":865},{},[16081],{"type":926},"3. You don't need to be a hacker to breach a Fortune 100 company",{"data":16084,"content":16085,"nodeType":866},{},[16086],{"data":16087,"marks":16088,"value":16089,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the most striking threads in the conversation was Troy's observation about who is actually behind these breaches — and how little technical sophistication they bring to the table. \"The average age of people that are being arrested for a lot of these data breach style activities is around about 19,\" he said. \"Fortune 100 companies are being breached by a kid in his bedroom. That is wild.\"",{"data":16091,"content":16092,"nodeType":866},{},[16093],{"data":16094,"marks":16095,"value":16096,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The leverage is disproportionate precisely because the attacks don't require deep technical skill. \"A lot of the attacks lately have been social engineering attacks,\" Troy continued, noting with parental familiarity that \"kids are great at social engineering — if you've got kids, you know how good they are at social engineering.\"",{"data":16098,"content":16099,"nodeType":866},{},[16100,16103,16110,16114,16121,16125,16132],{"data":16101,"marks":16102,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16104,"content":16105,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3820},[16106],{"data":16107,"marks":16108,"value":3825,"nodeType":865},{},[16109],{"type":943},{"data":16111,"marks":16112,"value":16113,"nodeType":865},{},[]," ecosystem — the group Troy and Mark discussed as the dominant threat actor at the time of recording — exemplifies this pattern. They're getting into Salesforce instances via voice phishing, not through zero-day exploits, and the tooling behind their campaigns is industrialized enough that Push's research team was able to ",{"data":16115,"content":16116,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5655},[16117],{"data":16118,"marks":16119,"value":16120,"nodeType":865},{},[],"infiltrate one of their criminal phishing panels",{"data":16122,"marks":16123,"value":16124,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and observe real-time victim targeting across four distinct infrastructure clusters and over 400 linked domains. Our ",{"data":16126,"content":16127,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3820},[16128],{"data":16129,"marks":16130,"value":16131,"nodeType":865},{},[],"analysis of the Instructure breach",{"data":16133,"marks":16134,"value":16135,"nodeType":865},{},[]," broke down the three core techniques behind these campaigns — credential phishing, AiTM attacks, and account takeover — none of which require particular technical sophistication to execute.",{"data":16137,"content":16138,"nodeType":866},{},[16139],{"data":16140,"marks":16141,"value":16142,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The reproducible playbook Troy described is an identity attack pattern, not a software vulnerability. \"Once you do get a group that manages to find a reproducible pattern to gain access to these things, the same pattern is used by so many different organizations\". And identity attacks scale precisely because they target the weakest link in the chain: the way people actually log in.",{"data":16144,"content":16145,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16147,"content":16148,"nodeType":981},{},[16149],{"data":16150,"marks":16151,"value":16153,"nodeType":865},{},[16152],{"type":926},"4. Your attack surface is bigger than your org chart",{"data":16155,"content":16156,"nodeType":866},{},[16157,16161,16169,16173,16181],{"data":16158,"marks":16159,"value":16160,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Troy connected the credential problem to the broader reality of modern enterprise architecture: the attack surface isn't defined by your systems anymore — it's defined by every external dependency your employees touch. \"We're seeing attacks against the likes of Okta, because obviously Okta holds identity,\" he said. \"",{"data":16162,"content":16163,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3820},[16164],{"data":16165,"marks":16166,"value":16168,"nodeType":865},{},[16167],{"type":943},"Salesforce",{"data":16170,"marks":16171,"value":16172,"nodeType":865},{},[],", a couple of years ago it was things like ",{"data":16174,"content":16175,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[16176],{"data":16177,"marks":16178,"value":16180,"nodeType":865},{},[16179],{"type":943},"Snowflake",{"data":16182,"marks":16183,"value":16184,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — these external dependencies, and then you have so many different entry points into them.\"",{"data":16186,"content":16187,"nodeType":866},{},[16188],{"data":16189,"marks":16190,"value":16191,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When Troy tried to describe the resulting complexity, the metaphor was telling: \"If you put all of this up on the board, sort of like crime fighter style and you draw the lines between everything, it's just an absolute spider web of interdependencies and access rights.\"",{"data":16193,"content":16194,"nodeType":866},{},[16195],{"data":16196,"marks":16197,"value":16198,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mark made the point that the attack chain itself has shifted accordingly: \"The first part of the attack, the infostealer, might not even be something that happened in your environment. You're just gonna see the tail end of that attack chain.\" An employee's credentials get harvested from a personal device, sit in a criminal marketplace for months, and then get used to log into a SaaS app that your IdP doesn't even know exists — because the employee signed up with their corporate email and a reused password. With the average employee maintaining around 15 SaaS accounts, the organizational identity surface extends far beyond what any single IdP directory shows, and most of it is completely unmanaged.",{"data":16200,"content":16201,"nodeType":866},{},[16202,16206,16215,16219,16227],{"data":16203,"marks":16204,"value":16205,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is the identity surface area Push is built to make visible: ",{"data":16207,"content":16209,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16208},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/shadow-saas",[16210],{"data":16211,"marks":16212,"value":16214,"nodeType":865},{},[16213],{"type":943},"shadow SaaS",{"data":16216,"marks":16217,"value":16218,"nodeType":865},{},[]," discovered through actual login events, authentication methods observed at the point of login, and the gap between what your IdP thinks is happening and ",{"data":16220,"content":16221,"nodeType":889},{"uri":15989},[16222],{"data":16223,"marks":16224,"value":16226,"nodeType":865},{},[16225],{"type":943},"how people are actually authenticating",{"data":16228,"marks":16229,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16231,"content":16232,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16234,"content":16235,"nodeType":981},{},[16236],{"data":16237,"marks":16238,"value":16240,"nodeType":865},{},[16239],{"type":926},"5. Even Troy Hunt got phished, showing the need for stronger technical protections, not just more awareness training ",{"data":16242,"content":16243,"nodeType":866},{},[16244,16248,16257],{"data":16245,"marks":16246,"value":16247,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Troy recounted the story of his ",{"data":16249,"content":16251,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16250},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/dissecting-a-recent-mailchimp-phishing-attack/",[16252],{"data":16253,"marks":16254,"value":16256,"nodeType":865},{},[16255],{"type":943},"own phishing incident",{"data":16258,"marks":16259,"value":16260,"nodeType":865},{},[],". \"My password out of 1Password got phished. My OTP out of 1Password got phished because it was a phishable form of 2FA,\" he said. \"And as a result, my mailing list got exposed. So I had to put my own mailing list into Have I Been Pwned and then email all my subscribers, which was, to be honest, slightly embarrassing.\"",{"data":16262,"content":16263,"nodeType":866},{},[16264],{"data":16265,"marks":16266,"value":16267,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If the person who runs Have I Been Pwned — someone who has spent over a decade immersed in breach data and credential security — can get phished, the lesson clearly isn't \"pay more attention.\" Troy was explicit about the takeaway: \"It reinforces the need for technical controls that are separate and complementary to the human controls. In my own case, the human controls broke down. Unfortunately there weren't sufficient technical controls in order to save me from myself.\"",{"data":16269,"content":16270,"nodeType":866},{},[16271,16275,16282],{"data":16272,"marks":16273,"value":16274,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mark pushed the point further during the Q&A: \"Expecting users, even well-educated ones, even security practitioners, to be able to differentiate — I think that's just not a reasonable expectation.\" When phishing arrives from ",{"data":16276,"content":16277,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5461},[16278],{"data":16279,"marks":16280,"value":16281,"nodeType":865},{},[],"legitimate domains via notification pipeline abuse",{"data":16283,"marks":16284,"value":16285,"nodeType":865},{},[],", from compromised contacts on LinkedIn, and from sponsored Google search results  the signals users were trained to look for simply don't exist anymore. Training remains valuable as a layer, but the structural argument for technical controls inside the browser was reinforced throughout the session.",{"data":16287,"content":16288,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16290,"content":16291,"nodeType":981},{},[16292],{"data":16293,"marks":16294,"value":16296,"nodeType":865},{},[16295],{"type":926},"6. MFA is necessary but it's not the finish line",{"data":16298,"content":16299,"nodeType":866},{},[16300],{"data":16301,"marks":16302,"value":16303,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both speakers returned to MFA multiple times, and the consensus was clear: any MFA beats no MFA, but treating it as a solved problem is dangerous. Troy was direct: \"You can have the world's best non-phishable 2FA. But an infostealer gets you cookie material and they can replay that and it had browser fingerprints and things in it as well, then you've still got a problem.\" ",{"data":16305,"content":16306,"nodeType":866},{},[16307,16311,16318],{"data":16308,"marks":16309,"value":16310,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mark reinforced this: \"We're seeing a lot of post-authentication attacks — session hijacking, consent attacks — where you can have the strongest authentication methods available, but if you're sidestepping or doing a post-authentication action, that's really not gonna matter.\" And with ",{"data":16312,"content":16313,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1902},[16314],{"data":16315,"marks":16316,"value":16317,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2 in 5 logins observed by Push still lacking MFA at all",{"data":16319,"marks":16320,"value":16321,"nodeType":865},{},[],", many organizations haven't yet reached the baseline where post-authentication attacks are even the primary concern — they're still exposed to straightforward credential-based compromise at scale.",{"data":16323,"content":16324,"nodeType":866},{},[16325,16329,16337,16341,16348,16352,16359],{"data":16326,"marks":16327,"value":16328,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push addresses both halves: ",{"data":16330,"content":16332,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16331},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-set-and-forget-controls-that-stop-real-world-identity-attacks/",[16333],{"data":16334,"marks":16335,"value":16336,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA enforcement guardrails",{"data":16338,"marks":16339,"value":16340,"nodeType":865},{},[]," surface where MFA is missing and guide users toward enrollment, while ",{"data":16342,"content":16343,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1256},[16344],{"data":16345,"marks":16346,"value":16347,"nodeType":865},{},[],"session hijacking detection",{"data":16349,"marks":16350,"value":16351,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and",{"data":16353,"content":16354,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},[16355],{"data":16356,"marks":16357,"value":16358,"nodeType":865},{},[]," authorization attack protections",{"data":16360,"marks":16361,"value":16362,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — including device code phishing detection and OAuth consent monitoring — catch the post-authentication attacks MFA was never designed to stop.",{"data":16364,"content":16365,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16367,"content":16368,"nodeType":981},{},[16369],{"data":16370,"marks":16371,"value":16373,"nodeType":865},{},[16372],{"type":926},"7. The ClickFix-to-infostealer-to-account takeover flywheel",{"data":16375,"content":16376,"nodeType":866},{},[16377],{"data":16378,"marks":16379,"value":16380,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The final thread that ran through the conversation was the self-reinforcing nature of the modern attack chain. Mark laid out the cycle explicitly: \"ClickFix to infostealer to account takeover, which results then in maybe more ad account takeover, so we distribute more ClickFix and it just kind of has this compounding effect.\"",{"data":16382,"content":16383,"nodeType":866},{},[16384,16388,16395,16399,16405,16409,16416],{"data":16385,"marks":16386,"value":16387,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn't a linear attack path — it's a flywheel. ",{"data":16389,"content":16391,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16390},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection/",[16392],{"data":16393,"marks":16394,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16396,"marks":16397,"value":16398,"nodeType":865},{},[]," silently injects a malicious command into the victim's clipboard and instructs them to paste and execute it, delivering infostealer malware that harvests credentials and session tokens from the browser. Those stolen credentials fuel credential stuffing attacks across every SaaS app the victim has accounts on — particularly apps with ",{"data":16400,"content":16401,"nodeType":889},{"uri":15989},[16402],{"data":16403,"marks":16404,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16406,"marks":16407,"value":16408,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where local password-based authentication still works even after SSO was configured. Compromised advertising and social media accounts are then used to distribute more ClickFix lures through ",{"data":16410,"content":16411,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5461},[16412],{"data":16413,"marks":16414,"value":16415,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Google search results, malvertising, and compromised websites",{"data":16417,"marks":16418,"value":16419,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and the cycle starts again.",{"data":16421,"content":16422,"nodeType":866},{},[16423,16427,16434,16438,16445],{"data":16424,"marks":16425,"value":16426,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The scale compounds with every rotation, and the numbers suggest the flywheel is already spinning fast — ",{"data":16428,"content":16429,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5461},[16430],{"data":16431,"marks":16432,"value":16433,"nodeType":865},{},[],"54% of all ransomware attacks in 2025 traced back to infostealer-enabled credential theft",{"data":16435,"marks":16436,"value":16437,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and ClickFix was identified as ",{"data":16439,"content":16440,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5461},[16441],{"data":16442,"marks":16443,"value":16444,"nodeType":865},{},[],"the most common initial access vector",{"data":16446,"marks":16447,"value":16448,"nodeType":865},{},[]," by Microsoft last year.",{"data":16450,"content":16451,"nodeType":866},{},[16452,16456,16463,16467,16474,16478,16485,16488,16495],{"data":16453,"marks":16454,"value":16455,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push breaks the chain at multiple points: detecting ",{"data":16457,"content":16458,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16390},[16459],{"data":16460,"marks":16461,"value":16462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix clipboard injection",{"data":16464,"marks":16465,"value":16466,"nodeType":865},{},[]," before the payload reaches the endpoint, ",{"data":16468,"content":16469,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16008},[16470],{"data":16471,"marks":16472,"value":16473,"nodeType":865},{},[],"identifying stolen credentials",{"data":16475,"marks":16476,"value":16477,"nodeType":865},{},[]," when they're actively used in login attempts, flagging ",{"data":16479,"content":16480,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16331},[16481],{"data":16482,"marks":16483,"value":16484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"accounts missing MFA",{"data":16486,"marks":16487,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16489,"content":16490,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1256},[16491],{"data":16492,"marks":16493,"value":16494,"nodeType":865},{},[],"detecting session hijacking",{"data":16496,"marks":16497,"value":16498,"nodeType":865},{},[]," when stolen tokens are replayed outside the protected browser.",{"data":16500,"content":16501,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16503,"content":16504,"nodeType":981},{},[16505],{"data":16506,"marks":16507,"value":16509,"nodeType":865},{},[16508],{"type":926},"The bigger picture",{"data":16511,"content":16512,"nodeType":866},{},[16513],{"data":16514,"marks":16515,"value":16516,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The conversation with Troy reinforced something we see in our own data every day: the credential problem isn't just an awareness problem — and better technical controls are needed. Organizations know credentials get compromised, they subscribe to breach notification services, and they run security awareness training, but without the ability to match that intelligence against what's actually happening in the browser — which credentials are in active use, which accounts lack MFA, which logins bypass SSO entirely — the gap between knowing about a compromised credential and being able to do anything about it remains vast.",{"data":16518,"content":16519,"nodeType":866},{},[16520],{"data":16521,"marks":16522,"value":16523,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Troy's work at Have I Been Pwned has made that gap more visible than anyone else could, and the conversation is worth watching in full for the practitioner-level detail he brings to a problem most organizations are still underestimating.",{"data":16525,"content":16526,"nodeType":866},{},[16527,16530,16539,16543,16550],{"data":16528,"marks":16529,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16531,"content":16533,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16532},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/yes-youve-been-pwned",[16534],{"data":16535,"marks":16536,"value":16538,"nodeType":865},{},[16537],{"type":943},"Watch the full webinar",{"data":16540,"marks":16541,"value":16542,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to hear the full conversation — or ",{"data":16544,"content":16545,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[16546],{"data":16547,"marks":16548,"value":16549,"nodeType":865},{},[],"book a demo",{"data":16551,"marks":16552,"value":16553,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to see how Push turns credential intelligence into actionable detections.",{"entries":16555},{"hyperlink":16556,"inline":16557,"block":16558},[],[],[16559],{"sys":16560,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":16561,"buttonLabel":16562,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":16532},{"id":15924},"Watch the full webinar on demand.","Click here",{"items":16564},[],{},"7 things we learned from our conversation with Troy Hunt","2026-05-20T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":16569},[16570,17166,17887],{"__typename":1429,"sys":16571,"content":16573,"title":17152,"synopsis":17153,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":17154,"slug":17155,"tagsCollection":17156,"authorsCollection":17162},{"id":16572},"6V12IJexyAkFFVIrbwlNPq",{"json":16574},{"data":16575,"content":16576,"nodeType":1382},{},[16577,16597,16603,16606,16614,16664,16674,16677,16685,16704,16711,16734,16752,16755,16763,16781,16788,16795,16805,16808,16816,16847,16865,16868,16876,16893,16900,16907,16910,16918,16935,16942,16960,16970,16977,16980,16988,17005,17012,17019,17031,17041,17058,17061,17069,17076,17124],{"data":16578,"content":16579,"nodeType":866},{},[16580,16584,16593],{"data":16581,"marks":16582,"value":16583,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently sat down with ",{"data":16585,"content":16587,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16586},"https://www.youtube.com/@_JohnHammond",[16588],{"data":16589,"marks":16590,"value":16592,"nodeType":865},{},[16591],{"type":943},"John Hammond",{"data":16594,"marks":16595,"value":16596,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — Senior Principal Security Researcher at Huntress — for a live deep-dive into the browser-based attack techniques defining the 2026 threat landscape. The session covered AiTM phishing, ClickFix, ConsentFix, device code phishing, and the structural shifts making traditional security controls less effective against all of them. Here are seven takeaways.",{"data":16598,"content":16602,"nodeType":912},{"target":16599},{"sys":16600},{"id":16601,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5lJ49aLY0nApDeY69tNvUi",[],{"data":16604,"content":16605,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16607,"content":16608,"nodeType":981},{},[16609],{"data":16610,"marks":16611,"value":16613,"nodeType":865},{},[16612],{"type":926},"1. Browser attacks are evolving faster than defenses can adapt",{"data":16615,"content":16616,"nodeType":866},{},[16617,16621,16628,16632,16639,16643,16650,16654,16661],{"data":16618,"marks":16619,"value":16620,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The overriding theme of the session wasn't any single technique — it was the pace of change across all of them. AiTM phishing has been ",{"data":16622,"content":16623,"nodeType":889},{"uri":9706},[16624],{"data":16625,"marks":16626,"value":16627,"nodeType":865},{},[],"the dominant phishing technique",{"data":16629,"marks":16630,"value":16631,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for a couple of years now, but the variants layered on top of it are arriving faster than most security teams can evaluate, let alone deploy defenses against. ClickFix went from novel to ",{"data":16633,"content":16634,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5461},[16635],{"data":16636,"marks":16637,"value":16638,"nodeType":865},{},[],"the most common initial access vector observed by Microsoft",{"data":16640,"marks":16641,"value":16642,"nodeType":865},{},[]," within about a year. Device code phishing went from near-zero to ",{"data":16644,"content":16645,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},[16646],{"data":16647,"marks":16648,"value":16649,"nodeType":865},{},[],"at least 12 distinct kits",{"data":16651,"marks":16652,"value":16653,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in a matter of months. ConsentFix was detected as a zero-day technique by Push in late 2025 and has already been ",{"data":16655,"content":16656,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4853},[16657],{"data":16658,"marks":16659,"value":16660,"nodeType":865},{},[],"operationalized on criminal forums",{"data":16662,"marks":16663,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16665,"content":16666,"nodeType":6348},{},[16667],{"data":16668,"content":16669,"nodeType":866},{},[16670],{"data":16671,"marks":16672,"value":16673,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As Luke put it toward the end of the session: \"I've seen this develop so fast over the last two years. This isn't what's coming — this is now. This is where the battleground is.\"",{"data":16675,"content":16676,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16678,"content":16679,"nodeType":981},{},[16680],{"data":16681,"marks":16682,"value":16684,"nodeType":865},{},[16683],{"type":926},"2. AiTM phishing is table stakes for attackers ",{"data":16686,"content":16687,"nodeType":866},{},[16688,16692,16700],{"data":16689,"marks":16690,"value":16691,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-middle phishing — where a reverse proxy sits between the victim and the real login page, intercepting session tokens in real time to bypass MFA — is no longer an advanced technique. It's available as a commodity for-hire through Phishing-as-a-Service platforms like Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, and others",{"data":16693,"content":16694,"nodeType":889},{"uri":9706},[16695],{"data":16696,"marks":16697,"value":16699,"nodeType":865},{},[16698],{"type":943},",",{"data":16701,"marks":16702,"value":16703,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and the kits are getting harder to detect through traditional means.",{"data":16705,"content":16706,"nodeType":866},{},[16707],{"data":16708,"marks":16709,"value":16710,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Luke demoed the attacker's perspective using Evilginx — an open-source tool now commonly seen in criminal operations — showing how session tokens are captured in real time even when the victim enters their MFA code correctly. From the victim's side, the login feels completely normal.",{"data":16712,"content":16713,"nodeType":866},{},[16714,16719,16723,16731],{"data":16715,"marks":16716,"value":16718,"nodeType":865},{},[16717],{"type":926},"One of the key focuses in the session was how attackers are abusing legitimate infrastructure for both hosting and delivery of phishing pages. .",{"data":16720,"marks":16721,"value":16722,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The in-the-wild examples showed attack chains routing through multiple legitimate services — file-sharing platforms, TinyURL, Cloudflare Turnstile, Google Search redirects — before finally landing on the phishing page. This is a well established technique for ",{"data":16724,"content":16725,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[16726],{"data":16727,"marks":16728,"value":16730,"nodeType":865},{},[16729],{"type":943},"detection evasion",{"data":16732,"marks":16733,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16735,"content":16736,"nodeType":866},{},[16737,16741,16748],{"data":16738,"marks":16739,"value":16740,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As John observed, \"the end user doesn't have that wherewithal or that observability understanding of how far they drove around across the internet\" before arriving at the credential-harvesting page. Push reconstructs these multi-hop chains into a ",{"data":16742,"content":16743,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1256},[16744],{"data":16745,"marks":16746,"value":16747,"nodeType":865},{},[],"complete timeline",{"data":16749,"marks":16750,"value":16751,"nodeType":865},{},[],", mapping the full redirect sequence even when individual hops are through trusted domains that wouldn't trigger any reputation-based alert — and crucially, detects malicious content on the phishing page itself rather than relying on known-bad IP and domain based checks that can only see the known-good sites used early in the chain.",{"data":16753,"content":16754,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16756,"content":16757,"nodeType":981},{},[16758],{"data":16759,"marks":16760,"value":16762,"nodeType":865},{},[16761],{"type":926},"3. Email is losing its market share as a delivery vector",{"data":16764,"content":16765,"nodeType":866},{},[16766,16770,16777],{"data":16767,"marks":16768,"value":16769,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the most striking examples in the webinar was a targeted AiTM campaign ",{"data":16771,"content":16772,"nodeType":889},{"uri":951},[16773],{"data":16774,"marks":16775,"value":16776,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detected last year",{"data":16778,"marks":16779,"value":16780,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that was delivered entirely via LinkedIn. Senior executives at tech companies received direct messages from compromised contacts — people they already knew, in some cases other employees of the same companies — offering involvement in private equity fundraising rounds connected to companies they had real involvement with. The targeting was precise and personal, and the redirect chain ran through sites.google.com and Microsoft Dynamics before landing on a cloned login page.",{"data":16782,"content":16783,"nodeType":866},{},[16784],{"data":16785,"marks":16786,"value":16787,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As Luke noted, LinkedIn occupies an unusual middle ground: \"It's this great way of targeting companies, but through a vector that can't really be monitored in the same way as other corporate systems, because it's kind of a personal platform.\" It's personal enough that companies can't realistically monitor it, but professional enough that employees routinely access it from corporate devices.",{"data":16789,"content":16790,"nodeType":866},{},[16791],{"data":16792,"marks":16793,"value":16794,"nodeType":865},{},[],"LinkedIn is only part of the shift. ClickFix attacks most commonly arrive via search results in 4 of 5 cases based on Push data. Luke noted \"not even malvertising, just organic search, uncovering legit websites that have been compromised.\" InstallFix pages appear as sponsored Google ads. ConsentFix pages were seeded on compromised websites found through normal browsing. In every case, the email gateway never sees the lure because the lure was never in an email. And of course, even if a compromised website is reported and removed, it’s easier than ever for an attacker to quickly tear down and rotate their sites to stay ahead of blocklists. ",{"data":16796,"content":16797,"nodeType":6348},{},[16798],{"data":16799,"content":16800,"nodeType":866},{},[16801],{"data":16802,"marks":16803,"value":16804,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As John put it: \"You could set up this lure or this trap out on the open internet so that anyone could fall for it at any point.\"",{"data":16806,"content":16807,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16809,"content":16810,"nodeType":981},{},[16811],{"data":16812,"marks":16813,"value":16815,"nodeType":865},{},[16814],{"type":926},"4. ClickFix keeps evolving with multiple *Fix derivatives",{"data":16817,"content":16818,"nodeType":866},{},[16819,16823,16831,16835,16843],{"data":16820,"marks":16821,"value":16822,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix — where a malicious page silently writes a payload to the victim's clipboard and instructs them to paste and execute it — ",{"data":16824,"content":16825,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16390},[16826],{"data":16827,"marks":16828,"value":16830,"nodeType":865},{},[16829],{"type":943},"spawned an entire family of variants since its emergence, according to Push’s research",{"data":16832,"marks":16833,"value":16834,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The webinar showed how far the social engineering has come: Luke demonstrated a ",{"data":16836,"content":16838,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16837},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-most-advanced-clickfix-yet/",[16839],{"data":16840,"marks":16841,"value":16842,"nodeType":865},{},[],"particularly sophisticated variant",{"data":16844,"marks":16845,"value":16846,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on a compromised legitimate website with an embedded instructional video and a countdown timer to manufacture urgency, targeting macOS. As John noted: \"It can be cross-platform because you're just preying on the human weakness. The video smooths it over for the user experience.\"",{"data":16848,"content":16849,"nodeType":866},{},[16850,16854,16861],{"data":16851,"marks":16852,"value":16853,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The more important point was structural. Because the user manually pastes and executes the command, \"from the EDR's perspective, the user just manually ran this command,\" Luke explained. \"It actually breaks that link from an EDR's perspective.\" EDR behavioral detections weigh execution context heavily — a PowerShell command spawned from a browser process tree is suspicious, but the same command initiated through the Run dialog looks like normal activity. Push ",{"data":16855,"content":16856,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16390},[16857],{"data":16858,"marks":16859,"value":16860,"nodeType":865},{},[],"detects ClickFix at the clipboard-injection stage",{"data":16862,"marks":16863,"value":16864,"nodeType":865},{},[],", before the payload ever reaches the endpoint, to bolster endpoint-level detections and extend protection to machines like BYOD, contractor, or developer devices where EDR is often missing or tuned-down.",{"data":16866,"content":16867,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16869,"content":16870,"nodeType":981},{},[16871],{"data":16872,"marks":16873,"value":16875,"nodeType":865},{},[16874],{"type":926},"5. InstallFix turned the AI tool boom into an attack surface overnight",{"data":16877,"content":16878,"nodeType":866},{},[16879,16882,16889],{"data":16880,"marks":16881,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16883,"content":16884,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6477},[16885],{"data":16886,"marks":16887,"value":9819,"nodeType":865},{},[16888],{"type":943},{"data":16890,"marks":16891,"value":16892,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a ClickFix variant that clones legitimate developer tool installation pages and swaps the install command for a malicious payload — was one of the clearest examples of how quickly a new attack pattern can go from zero to dominant. Luke showed side-by-side comparisons of real and fake Claude Code installation pages that were visually identical except for the payload itself, and fake Notebook LM pages appearing as top Google sponsored results.",{"data":16894,"content":16895,"nodeType":866},{},[16896],{"data":16897,"marks":16898,"value":16899,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The trajectory Luke described was striking: \"It literally started one day and then it's just been nonstop for the last couple of months since it started. It obviously is working really well.\" John added that the Claude Code variant in particular has been \"running rampant,\" and that he personally knows someone who fell for it.",{"data":16901,"content":16902,"nodeType":866},{},[16903],{"data":16904,"marks":16905,"value":16906,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What makes InstallFix effective is that it exploits a workflow that's become completely normalized — the rise of AI tools has encouraged even non-technical users to install software via terminal commands copied from documentation pages. When the fake page looks identical to the real one and the install method is exactly what you'd expect, the only tell is a base64-encoded payload that most users wouldn't think to scrutinize.",{"data":16908,"content":16909,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16911,"content":16912,"nodeType":981},{},[16913],{"data":16914,"marks":16915,"value":16917,"nodeType":865},{},[16916],{"type":926},"6. ConsentFix plays out entirely in the browser, and criminals just got the playbook",{"data":16919,"content":16920,"nodeType":866},{},[16921,16924,16931],{"data":16922,"marks":16923,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16925,"content":16926,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6236},[16927],{"data":16928,"marks":16929,"value":6229,"nodeType":865},{},[16930],{"type":943},{"data":16932,"marks":16933,"value":16934,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was a key focus in the webinar, and for good reason — it represents a fundamentally different class of browser attack. Rather than proxying credentials (AiTM) or injecting endpoint payloads (ClickFix), ConsentFix abuses the OAuth authorization code flow via the Azure CLI's localhost redirect to obtain access tokens without ever touching a password or MFA prompt. As John put it: \"This one is really tricky because the entire attack and technique lives only within the browser. There are no little EDR artifacts to poke and play at.\"",{"data":16936,"content":16937,"nodeType":866},{},[16938],{"data":16939,"marks":16940,"value":16941,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Luke described how Push first detected ConsentFix in the wild — a genuine zero-day discovery that took multiple encounters to fully understand. The attackers were fingerprinting visitors by IP and browser, triggering the payload only once per visitor across all compromised sites, and performing conditional access checks on the email address provided before deciding whether to proceed. \"It took us seeing it a few times before we cracked it,\" Luke explained. \"And then we were like — wow. What is this? I've never seen this before.\"",{"data":16943,"content":16944,"nodeType":866},{},[16945,16949,16956],{"data":16946,"marks":16947,"value":16948,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The session then took an interesting turn when John revealed something he hadn't previously shared publicly: a  ",{"data":16950,"content":16951,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4853},[16952],{"data":16953,"marks":16954,"value":16955,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix v3 toolkit",{"data":16957,"marks":16958,"value":16959,"nodeType":865},{},[]," posted on a well-known criminal forum, complete with a tutorial video, step-by-step instructions, and a zero-infrastructure approach using Cloudflare Workers for hosting, Dropbox for PDF delivery, and Pipedream as an automated exfiltration channel. \"They don’t need any infrastructure,\" John noted. \"They don’t have to host any servers or VPS. They could just cast this out to the whole wide world on the open internet.\"",{"data":16961,"content":16962,"nodeType":6348},{},[16963],{"data":16964,"content":16965,"nodeType":866},{},[16966],{"data":16967,"marks":16968,"value":16969,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Luke's assessment was clear: \"When we published our first article, we were thinking, surely we're going to see a huge increase in this technique. We haven't really — until now.\" ",{"data":16971,"content":16972,"nodeType":866},{},[16973],{"data":16974,"marks":16975,"value":16976,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With the criminal ecosystem now tooled up, the expectation is that ConsentFix will follow the same commoditization arc as other techniques discussed in the session.",{"data":16978,"content":16979,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":16981,"content":16982,"nodeType":981},{},[16983],{"data":16984,"marks":16985,"value":16987,"nodeType":865},{},[16986],{"type":926},"7. Device code phishing is the technique both speakers fear most (and it's just getting started)",{"data":16989,"content":16990,"nodeType":866},{},[16991,16995,17002],{"data":16992,"marks":16993,"value":16994,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When John asked Luke which technique felt most dangerous, the answer was immediate: ",{"data":16996,"content":16997,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},[16998],{"data":16999,"marks":17000,"value":17001,"nodeType":865},{},[],"device code phishing",{"data":17003,"marks":17004,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17006,"content":17007,"nodeType":866},{},[17008],{"data":17009,"marks":17010,"value":17011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The technique abuses the OAuth 2.0 device authorization grant flow — originally designed for input-constrained devices like TVs, but now primarily used in enterprise environments for CLI tool authentication (Azure CLI, GitHub CLI, AWS CLI). That everyday enterprise usage is exactly what makes the phishing so effective: users in developer-heavy organizations are already habituated to entering short codes as part of their normal workflow. The victim enters a code on a legitimate Microsoft login page, and if they're already authenticated, the entire compromise happens without entering a password or completing an MFA challenge.",{"data":17013,"content":17014,"nodeType":866},{},[17015],{"data":17016,"marks":17017,"value":17018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push is now tracking at least 12 distinct device code phishing kits, \"literally within the last couple of months — from basically zero to this.\" EvilTokens dominates at an estimated 90–95% of detected volume, but the kit landscape is diversifying fast. Luke's theory: every existing AiTM vendor is adding device code phishing as a module. When Push investigated the Venom kit, its AiTM component triggered existing Sneaky2FA detections — suggesting the same actors or codebase behind both. \"That's why we've seen such a rapid increase — it's worked so well that everyone is just doing the same thing now.\"",{"data":17020,"content":17021,"nodeType":866},{},[17022,17027],{"data":17023,"marks":17024,"value":17026,"nodeType":865},{},[17025],{"type":926},"What makes device code phishing uniquely dangerous is how little friction it presents to the victim.",{"data":17028,"marks":17029,"value":17030,"nodeType":865},{},[]," As Luke explained: \"It's purely identity-driven. It completely bypasses 2FA, even bypasses phishing-resistant factors like passkeys. And it's just not something that seems malicious to your average user. We haven't trained people to worry about being given a code and being told to type that code.\"",{"data":17032,"content":17033,"nodeType":6348},{},[17034],{"data":17035,"content":17036,"nodeType":866},{},[17037],{"data":17038,"marks":17039,"value":17040,"nodeType":865},{},[],"John's closing take: \"It still feels early and emergent, even though the technique has been known for a while. It hasn't been weaponized like it has right now. I think device code is just at the starting gun.\" ",{"data":17042,"content":17043,"nodeType":866},{},[17044,17048,17055],{"data":17045,"marks":17046,"value":17047,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The blast radius extends beyond Microsoft too — GitHub, Salesforce, and other platforms support the same underlying flow, and was exploited in 2025’s massive Salesforce campaign operated by ",{"data":17049,"content":17050,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3820},[17051],{"data":17052,"marks":17053,"value":3825,"nodeType":865},{},[17054],{"type":943},{"data":17056,"marks":17057,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17059,"content":17060,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":17062,"content":17063,"nodeType":981},{},[17064],{"data":17065,"marks":17066,"value":17068,"nodeType":865},{},[17067],{"type":926},"What ties all of this together",{"data":17070,"content":17071,"nodeType":866},{},[17072],{"data":17073,"marks":17074,"value":17075,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Every technique covered in the webinar — AiTM, ClickFix, InstallFix, ConsentFix, device code phishing — is designed to operate in or through the browser, abuse legitimate infrastructure and authentication flows, and evade the traditional security stack. Email gateways don't see them because the delivery vector increasingly isn't email. EDR doesn't reliably block them because the attack either breaks the process tree attribution (ClickFix) or never touches the endpoint at all (ConsentFix, device code phishing). Network proxies don't see them because the attack plays out in client-side page content, DOM interactions, and OAuth flows that are invisible to traffic inspection.",{"data":17077,"content":17078,"nodeType":866},{},[17079,17083,17089,17092,17099,17102,17109,17113,17120],{"data":17080,"marks":17081,"value":17082,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detects all of them — ",{"data":17084,"content":17085,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1256},[17086],{"data":17087,"marks":17088,"value":261,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17090,"marks":17091,"value":16699,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17093,"content":17094,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16390},[17095],{"data":17096,"marks":17097,"value":17098,"nodeType":865},{},[]," ClickFix and the *Fix family",{"data":17100,"marks":17101,"value":16699,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17103,"content":17104,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6236},[17105],{"data":17106,"marks":17107,"value":17108,"nodeType":865},{},[]," ConsentFix",{"data":17110,"marks":17111,"value":17112,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and",{"data":17114,"content":17115,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},[17116],{"data":17117,"marks":17118,"value":17119,"nodeType":865},{},[]," device code phishing",{"data":17121,"marks":17122,"value":17123,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — through behavioral detection at the browser layer, regardless of delivery channel, domain reputation, or infrastructure rotation. The detections target technique-class behaviors rather than specific kits or indicators, which is why Push detected ConsentFix as a zero-day and why new kit variants are typically caught by existing detection logic before a kit-specific rule is even written.",{"data":17125,"content":17126,"nodeType":866},{},[17127,17130,17138,17142,17148],{"data":17128,"marks":17129,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17131,"content":17133,"nodeType":889},{"uri":17132},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-attacks-why-browser-new-battleground",[17134],{"data":17135,"marks":17136,"value":16538,"nodeType":865},{},[17137],{"type":943},{"data":17139,"marks":17140,"value":17141,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to see the demos, attack chain timelines, and in-the-wild examples discussed in this post — or ",{"data":17143,"content":17144,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[17145],{"data":17146,"marks":17147,"value":16549,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17149,"marks":17150,"value":17151,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to see how Push handles them.","7 things we learned from ‘Why the browser is the new battleground’ with John Hammond","Here are 7 things we learned from our conversation with John Hammond on the \"Why the browser is the new battleground\" webinar. 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ShinyHunters alone claimed over 1.5 billion stolen Salesforce records from a single campaign targeting more than 1,000 organizations.",{"data":17952,"content":17953,"nodeType":866},{},[17954,17958,17966,17970,17978,17982,17990],{"data":17955,"marks":17956,"value":17957,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Additional operating clusters, including Cordial Spider and Snarky Spider (which CrowdStrike ",{"data":17959,"content":17961,"nodeType":889},{"uri":17960},"https://cyberscoop.com/crowdstrike-cordial-spider-snarky-spider-extortion-attacks/",[17962],{"data":17963,"marks":17964,"value":17965,"nodeType":865},{},[],"characterizes as the new generation of Scattered Spider",{"data":17967,"marks":17968,"value":17969,"nodeType":865},{},[],") run parallel campaigns against different target sectors, unified not by shared infrastructure but by a shared playbook of techniques that exploit the structural weakness in modern SaaS-first organizations. ",{"data":17971,"content":17973,"nodeType":889},{"uri":17972},"https://github.com/PaloAltoNetworks/Unit42-timely-threat-intel/blob/main/2026-03-12-Vishing-Campaigns-Lead-to-Data-Theft-and-Extortion.txt",[17974],{"data":17975,"marks":17976,"value":17977,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unit 42 documented",{"data":17979,"marks":17980,"value":17981,"nodeType":865},{},[]," these groups moving from initial compromise to complete data exfiltration in under an hour — faster than most organizations can even begin to respond. Newer groups with links to the SLH ecosystem like CoinbaseCartel have also continued the tradition of weaponizing stolen credentials from the infostealer economy at scale, as ShinyHunters did in the ",{"data":17983,"content":17985,"nodeType":889},{"uri":17984},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claims-15-billion-salesforce-records-stolen-in-drift-hacks/",[17986],{"data":17987,"marks":17988,"value":17989,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2024 Snowflake breach",{"data":17991,"marks":17992,"value":17993,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that compromised over 165 customer environments (and claimed another billion-plus records).",{"data":17995,"content":17996,"nodeType":866},{},[17997,18001,18009,18013,18021,18025,18033],{"data":17998,"marks":17999,"value":18000,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Not every SLH breach is browser-based — the Instructure breach (275 million individuals, ~330 school login portals defaced) began with a Salesforce tenant compromise in September 2025, but resurfaced in May 2026 after attackers exploited a ",{"data":18002,"content":18004,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18003},"https://www.bitdefender.com/en-gb/blog/businessinsights/technical-advisory-shinyhunters-breach-instructure-canvas-lms",[18005],{"data":18006,"marks":18007,"value":18008,"nodeType":865},{},[],"vulnerability affecting Canvas's Free-For-Teacher program",{"data":18010,"marks":18011,"value":18012,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (it's now been confirmed that Instructure \"",{"data":18014,"content":18016,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18015},"https://www.instructure.com/incident_update",[18017],{"data":18018,"marks":18019,"value":18020,"nodeType":865},{},[],"reached a settlement",{"data":18022,"marks":18023,"value":18024,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\" for the deletion of the data, and shut down the free account tier), while the Coinbase breach cost ",{"data":18026,"content":18028,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18027},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/coinbase-discloses-breach-faces-up-to-400-million-in-losses/",[18029],{"data":18030,"marks":18031,"value":18032,"nodeType":865},{},[],"$180M–400M through insider bribery",{"data":18034,"marks":18035,"value":18036,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — but these are the exceptions that prove the rule. ",{"data":18038,"content":18042,"nodeType":912},{"target":18039},{"sys":18040},{"id":18041,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4qNrbDyMJIumQfdbh9YVkU",[],{"data":18044,"content":18045,"nodeType":866},{},[18046,18051],{"data":18047,"marks":18048,"value":18050,"nodeType":865},{},[18049],{"type":926},"The vast majority of SLH campaigns over the past year converge on three browser-based attack vectors: vishing combined with AiTM phishing, device code phishing exploiting account authorization flows, and OAuth supply chain attacks through compromised third-party integrators.",{"data":18052,"marks":18053,"value":18054,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Each is well-documented, each has produced confirmed victims at scale, and each is detectable or preventable through browser-layer security controls.",{"data":18056,"content":18057,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":18059,"content":18060,"nodeType":981},{},[18061],{"data":18062,"marks":18063,"value":18065,"nodeType":865},{},[18064],{"type":926},"Vector 1: Vishing combined with AiTM phishing",{"data":18067,"content":18068,"nodeType":866},{},[18069,18073,18080,18083,18091,18094,18101,18105,18112],{"data":18070,"marks":18071,"value":18072,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most visible campaign right now pairs targeted voice calls with adversary-in-the-middle phishing pages — an approach that ",{"data":18074,"content":18075,"nodeType":889},{"uri":14786},[18076],{"data":18077,"marks":18078,"value":18079,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mandiant",{"data":18081,"marks":18082,"value":16699,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18084,"content":18086,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18085},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/defending-against-cordial-spider-and-snarky-spider-with-falcon-shield/",[18087],{"data":18088,"marks":18089,"value":18090,"nodeType":865},{},[]," CrowdStrike",{"data":18092,"marks":18093,"value":17112,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18095,"content":18096,"nodeType":889},{"uri":17972},[18097],{"data":18098,"marks":18099,"value":18100,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Unit 42",{"data":18102,"marks":18103,"value":18104,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have all documented from the incident response side, and which Push has ",{"data":18106,"content":18107,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5655},[18108],{"data":18109,"marks":18110,"value":18111,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documented from inside the attacker's own operator panels",{"data":18113,"marks":18114,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18116,"content":18117,"nodeType":866},{},[18118],{"data":18119,"marks":18120,"value":18121,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An attacker impersonating IT support calls the target employee, establishes urgency — often citing a \"mandatory passkey rollout\" or a \"security compliance update\" — and directs them to a victim-branded AiTM phishing page (typically at a domain like \u003Ccompany>sso.com or \u003Ccompany>internal.com). The attack is processed by a live human in real time, relaying credentials and MFA codes to the legitimate identity provider as they are entered, capturing the resulting session token, and granting the attacker an authenticated session. ",{"data":18123,"content":18124,"nodeType":866},{},[18125,18129,18136,18140],{"data":18126,"marks":18127,"value":18128,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the reasons that this method is becoming so widespread is the commoditization of effective tools. Push's ",{"data":18130,"content":18131,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5655},[18132],{"data":18133,"marks":18134,"value":18135,"nodeType":865},{},[],"infiltration of the criminal phishing panels",{"data":18137,"marks":18138,"value":18139,"nodeType":865},{},[]," identified over 400 linked domains across four distinct infrastructure clusters. ",{"data":18141,"marks":18142,"value":18144,"nodeType":865},{},[18143],{"type":926},"This mirrors the pattern that turned AiTM phishing from a specialist capability into an industrialized market with competing PhaaS platforms, but with the added complication that voice phishing as the delivery vector makes the attack invisible to traditional anti-phishing controls at the email layer.",{"data":18146,"content":18150,"nodeType":912},{"target":18147},{"sys":18148},{"id":18149,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1Yhthl0PILGW7EmCcZUrNv",[],{"data":18152,"content":18153,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":18155,"content":18156,"nodeType":981},{},[18157],{"data":18158,"marks":18159,"value":18161,"nodeType":865},{},[18160],{"type":926},"Vector 2: Vishing combined with device code phishing",{"data":18163,"content":18164,"nodeType":866},{},[18165,18168,18175,18179,18186],{"data":18166,"marks":18167,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18169,"content":18170,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10046},[18171],{"data":18172,"marks":18173,"value":18174,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters Salesforce campaign",{"data":18176,"marks":18177,"value":18178,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that ran through 2025 and into 2026 used device code phishing as one of its core methods, ",{"data":18180,"content":18181,"nodeType":889},{"uri":17984},[18182],{"data":18183,"marks":18184,"value":18185,"nodeType":865},{},[],"compromising over 1,000 organizations and claiming 1.5 billion stolen records",{"data":18187,"marks":18188,"value":18189,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — including an attempted extortion of Salesforce itself. The attack involved registering an attacker-controlled \"DataLoader\" application mimicking a legitimate Salesforce tool, configuring it to request broad OAuth scopes including full API access and refresh token generation, and guiding victims through the device authorization flow via vishing calls.",{"data":18191,"content":18192,"nodeType":866},{},[18193],{"data":18194,"marks":18195,"value":18196,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Device code phishing exploits the OAuth 2.0 device authorization grant — a flow designed for devices without browsers, like smart TVs, but used in a wide range of scenarios including CLI logins — by tricking users into entering a code on Microsoft's (or another identity provider's) legitimate verification page. Since the victim is usually signed into the app in their browser, there’s no login at all. They simply navigate to the app’s device code login page and enter an attacker-provided code to grant the attacker an access token. ",{"data":18198,"content":18199,"nodeType":866},{},[18200],{"data":18201,"marks":18202,"value":18204,"nodeType":865},{},[18203],{"type":926},"This is what makes device code phishing structurally different from AiTM: it defeats all MFA (including passkeys) because the attack doesn’t target the login, but the authorization layer instead.",{"data":18206,"content":18210,"nodeType":912},{"target":18207},{"sys":18208},{"id":18209,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3ElQz8sLATnR8RY5nVlBGM",[],{"data":18212,"content":18213,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":18215,"content":18216,"nodeType":981},{},[18217],{"data":18218,"marks":18219,"value":18221,"nodeType":865},{},[18220],{"type":926},"Vector 3: OAuth supply chain attacks through compromised integrators",{"data":18223,"content":18224,"nodeType":866},{},[18225],{"data":18226,"marks":18227,"value":18228,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The third vector does not require the attacker to phish the victim organization's employees at all. Instead, it exploits the OAuth trust relationships that organizations create when they connect third-party SaaS vendors into their environments — and the consequence is that every organization that authorized one of these integrations effectively extended its security boundary to include the vendor's own security posture.",{"data":18230,"content":18231,"nodeType":866},{},[18232,18235,18243],{"data":18233,"marks":18234,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18236,"content":18238,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18237},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/data-theft-salesforce-instances-via-salesloft-drift",[18239],{"data":18240,"marks":18241,"value":18242,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Salesloft/Drift supply chain attack",{"data":18244,"marks":18245,"value":18246,"nodeType":865},{},[]," demonstrated this at scale in 2025: in an extension of the previously mentioned device code phishing campaign, the attacker compromised Salesloft's GitHub environment, used TruffleHog to find secrets, stole Drift OAuth tokens, and used them to access downstream Salesforce environments. The same pattern was later repeated at Gainsight. ",{"data":18248,"content":18249,"nodeType":866},{},[18250],{"data":18251,"marks":18252,"value":18253,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Along with the previously mentioned device code phishing attacks,  more than 1000 organizations were breached. The attackers then harvested AWS keys, Snowflake credentials, and stored passwords from breached Salesforce instances, compounding the access into progressively wider reach.",{"data":18255,"content":18256,"nodeType":866},{},[18257,18261,18269,18273,18281,18285,18292],{"data":18258,"marks":18259,"value":18260,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The same structural pattern has continued into 2026 with the Anodot supply chain compromise, which has produced confirmed breaches at ",{"data":18262,"content":18264,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18263},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/vimeo-data-breach-exposes-personal-information-of-119-000-people/",[18265],{"data":18266,"marks":18267,"value":18268,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Vimeo",{"data":18270,"marks":18271,"value":18272,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (119,000 users), Rockstar Games (78.6 million records), and ",{"data":18274,"content":18276,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18275},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/zara-data-breach-exposed-personal-information-of-197-000-people/",[18277],{"data":18278,"marks":18279,"value":18280,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Zara/Inditex",{"data":18282,"marks":18283,"value":18284,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (197,000 people), with further downstream victims likely still emerging. The ",{"data":18286,"content":18287,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3841},[18288],{"data":18289,"marks":18290,"value":18291,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Vercel breach",{"data":18293,"marks":18294,"value":18295,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which involved compromised OAuth tokens from Context.ai cascading into Google Workspace, also reinforces the same attack pattern (though it was likely not a ShinyHunters operation despite being claimed by someone pretending to be them).",{"data":18297,"content":18298,"nodeType":866},{},[18299],{"data":18300,"marks":18301,"value":18302,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A forgotten SaaS integration can easily become the pivot point for downstream compromise. The moment you authorize a third-party integration, your security boundary extends to include that vendor. If the third-party is compromised, every downstream customer organization with an active integration is exposed.",{"data":18304,"content":18305,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":18307,"content":18308,"nodeType":981},{},[18309],{"data":18310,"marks":18311,"value":18313,"nodeType":865},{},[18312],{"type":926},"The infostealer credential playbook sits alongside these attacks",{"data":18315,"content":18316,"nodeType":866},{},[18317,18321,18329],{"data":18318,"marks":18319,"value":18320,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Alongside the three vectors above, ShinyHunters has a track record of exploiting the infostealer credential economy at scale — and it predates any of them. The 2024 Snowflake campaign — 165+ customer environments compromised, over a billion records stolen from AT&T, Ticketmaster, Santander, and Advance Auto Parts among others — was built entirely on infostealer-harvested credentials replayed against MFA-less tenants, with ",{"data":18322,"content":18324,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18323},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc5537-snowflake-data-theft-extortion",[18325],{"data":18326,"marks":18327,"value":18328,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mandiant's investigation",{"data":18330,"marks":18331,"value":18332,"nodeType":865},{},[]," finding that 80% of compromised accounts had prior breach exposure in datasets dating back to 2020. The credentials were already circulating in criminal marketplaces; ShinyHunters simply purchased and operationalized them at industrial scale.",{"data":18334,"content":18335,"nodeType":866},{},[18336,18340,18348,18352,18360,18364,18372,18376,18384],{"data":18337,"marks":18338,"value":18339,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The same methodology powered the ",{"data":18341,"content":18343,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18342},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-targeting-jira-with-stolen-credentials/",[18344],{"data":18345,"marks":18346,"value":18347,"nodeType":865},{},[],"HellCat Jira campaign",{"data":18349,"marks":18350,"value":18351,"nodeType":865},{},[]," through 2024–2025, and has now been industrialized as a standalone operation by ",{"data":18353,"content":18355,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18354},"https://www.halcyon.ai/jp/threat-group/coinbasecartel",[18356],{"data":18357,"marks":18358,"value":18359,"nodeType":865},{},[],"CoinbaseCartel",{"data":18361,"marks":18362,"value":18363,"nodeType":865},{},[],", another criminal group reported to be an offshoot of SLH. CoinbaseCartel's model is familiar: purchase old infostealer credentials, use them to access cloud and development environments, exfiltrate data, and demand ransom. ",{"data":18365,"content":18367,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18366},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/inside-the-coinbase-cartel-how-infostealer-credentials-fueled-a-100-company-ransomware-spree/",[18368],{"data":18369,"marks":18370,"value":18371,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hudson Rock's analysis",{"data":18373,"marks":18374,"value":18375,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of the group's 170+ claimed victims confirms that roughly 80% had prior infostealer infections predating the attacks. The most recent named victim is ",{"data":18377,"content":18379,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18378},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/grafana-says-stolen-github-token-let-hackers-steal-codebase/",[18380],{"data":18381,"marks":18382,"value":18383,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Grafana",{"data":18385,"marks":18386,"value":18387,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where a GitHub token compromised via the TanStack npm supply chain attack and missed during credential rotation was used to download the codebase and attempt extortion. ",{"data":18389,"content":18390,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":18392,"content":18393,"nodeType":981},{},[18394],{"data":18395,"marks":18396,"value":18398,"nodeType":865},{},[18397],{"type":926},"These attacks all happen in the browser",{"data":18400,"content":18401,"nodeType":866},{},[18402,18406,18413],{"data":18403,"marks":18404,"value":18405,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Every one of these attack chains is a browser-based attack that either occurs in the browser (AiTM phishing, device code phishing) or could have been prevented at the browser layer (OAuth consent governance). The techniques are interchangeable — the",{"data":18407,"content":18408,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},[18409],{"data":18410,"marks":18411,"value":18412,"nodeType":865},{},[]," same criminal kits now offer AiTM and device code phishing side by side",{"data":18414,"marks":18415,"value":18416,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and the same threat actor (ShinyHunters) has used all three vectors across different campaigns within the same twelve-month period.",{"data":18418,"content":18419,"nodeType":866},{},[18420,18424,18431],{"data":18421,"marks":18422,"value":18423,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Additionally, infostealer infections themselves are increasingly delivered through browser-based methods like ",{"data":18425,"content":18427,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18426},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection",[18428],{"data":18429,"marks":18430,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18432,"marks":18433,"value":18434,"nodeType":865},{},[],", closing the loop between the credential supply side and the browser-layer detection point.",{"data":18436,"content":18437,"nodeType":1317},{},[18438],{"data":18439,"marks":18440,"value":5445,"nodeType":865},{},[18441],{"type":926},{"data":18443,"content":18444,"nodeType":866},{},[18445],{"data":18446,"marks":18447,"value":18448,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push operates at the exact point in each of these attack chains where automated intervention can still prevent the compromise. ",{"data":18450,"content":18451,"nodeType":866},{},[18452,18457],{"data":18453,"marks":18454,"value":18456,"nodeType":865},{},[18455],{"type":926},"For vishing + AiTM attacks, ",{"data":18458,"marks":18459,"value":18460,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's behavioral phishing detection analyzes and blocks the phishing page in real time by detecting it from the user's browser — regardless of the domains used, hosting infrastructure, or where the URL was delivered.  ",{"data":18462,"content":18463,"nodeType":866},{},[18464,18469],{"data":18465,"marks":18466,"value":18468,"nodeType":865},{},[18467],{"type":926},"For device code phishing,",{"data":18470,"marks":18471,"value":18472,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Push detects the phishing pages associated with device code phishing kits — including generic, technique-class detections that catch new kits without requiring kit-specific signatures. Second, Push provides an additional layer of protection on the legitimate device code authentication pages themselves, preventing users from entering attacker-supplied codes into them. Together, these detections cover both the kit-operated phishing infrastructure and the legitimate auth pages that the attack flow depends on.",{"data":18474,"content":18475,"nodeType":866},{},[18476,18481],{"data":18477,"marks":18478,"value":18480,"nodeType":865},{},[18479],{"type":926},"For OAuth supply chain attacks,",{"data":18482,"marks":18483,"value":18484,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Push's detects and controls OAuth consent flows at the browser layer — capturing which application is requesting access, what scopes it's requesting, and whether the grant should be permitted under organizational policy. Push customers can also block OAuth connection requests as they transit the browser, enabling security teams to stop unwanted integrations being added in the first place. ",{"data":18486,"content":18487,"nodeType":866},{},[18488,18493],{"data":18489,"marks":18490,"value":18492,"nodeType":865},{},[18491],{"type":926},"For the infostealer credential playbook,",{"data":18494,"marks":18495,"value":18496,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Push's stolen credential detection identifies when employees are using credentials that have appeared in breach datasets or dark web feeds — catching the moment a dormant infostealer credential surfaces at a browser-based login, as well as surfacing insecure login methods missing mitigating controls like MFA and enforcing them through in-browser guardrails. And on the supply side, Push's ClickFix detection addresses the browser-based delivery vector that is now the primary method for distributing infostealer malware in the first place.",{"data":18498,"content":18499,"nodeType":866},{},[18500,18503,18510],{"data":18501,"marks":18502,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18504,"content":18505,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1256},[18506],{"data":18507,"marks":18508,"value":18509,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about how you can use Push controls to protect your users from in-browser threats here. ",{"data":18511,"marks":18512,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18514,"content":18515,"nodeType":1317},{},[18516],{"data":18517,"marks":18518,"value":18520,"nodeType":865},{},[18519],{"type":926},"Closing thoughts",{"data":18522,"content":18523,"nodeType":866},{},[18524],{"data":18525,"marks":18526,"value":18527,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The campaigns documented in this post are not historical — they are ongoing, with new victims surfacing weekly and the underlying criminal infrastructure still actively developing. But the defensive strategy does not require anticipating which specific group, vector, or target sector comes next, because all of them converge on the same control point: the browser, where the attack begins or the integration decision is made. Organizations with browser-layer detection and OAuth governance in place have defense-in-depth against the full range of techniques these groups employ, regardless of which specific vector any given campaign uses.",{"data":18529,"content":18530,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":18532,"content":18533,"nodeType":866},{},[18534],{"data":18535,"marks":18536,"value":4591,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18538,"content":18539,"nodeType":866},{},[18540],{"data":18541,"marks":18542,"value":1363,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18544,"content":18545,"nodeType":866},{},[18546,18549,18555],{"data":18547,"marks":18548,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18550,"content":18551,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},[18552],{"data":18553,"marks":18554,"value":1378,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18556,"marks":18557,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18559,"content":18560,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":18562,"content":18563,"nodeType":981},{},[18564],{"data":18565,"marks":18566,"value":18568,"nodeType":865},{},[18567],{"type":926},"Appendix: named ShinyHunters victims since May 2025",{"data":18570,"content":18571,"nodeType":866},{},[18572,18576,18583],{"data":18573,"marks":18574,"value":18575,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To give an indication of the scale, the following table documents all publicly named victims attributed to ShinyHunters specifically since the Salesforce campaign began in May 2025. It is not exhaustive: ShinyHunters has claimed over 1,000 organizations in aggregate across its Salesforce campaigns alone, and many victims have not been publicly named. This list also doesn’t include the billion-plus records compromised in the 2024 Snowflake breaches. The major ransomware attacks executed against M&S, Co-op, and Jaguar Land Rover claimed by the ",{"data":18577,"content":18578,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10024},[18579],{"data":18580,"marks":18581,"value":18582,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters \"brand\"",{"data":18584,"marks":18585,"value":18586,"nodeType":865},{},[]," also aren't listed below. 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Confirmed individual impact includes 23M+ records (Coca-Cola), 5.7M records (Qantas), 6.2M customers (Odido), 4.4M consumers (TransUnion), up to 18M records (Stellantis), 13.5M emails (McGraw-Hill), 8.2M emails (Pitney Bowes), 7.5M emails (Carnival), 7-Eleven: 185K confirmed by HIBP (SSNs, driver's licenses; franchisee data), Charter Communications: millions of records claimed (company disputes scope). ",{"data":18695,"content":18696,"nodeType":866},{},[18697],{"data":18698,"marks":18699,"value":18700,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters claims 1.5B+ Salesforce records across 1,000+ organizations total.",{"data":18702,"content":18703,"nodeType":2400},{},[18704,18719,18729,18739],{"data":18705,"content":18706,"nodeType":2366},{},[18707],{"data":18708,"content":18709,"nodeType":866},{},[18710,18715],{"data":18711,"marks":18712,"value":18714,"nodeType":865},{},[18713],{"type":926},"Vishing + AiTM SSO",{"data":18716,"marks":18717,"value":18718,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (vishing → AiTM phishing page → SSO session capture → SaaS data exfiltration)",{"data":18720,"content":18721,"nodeType":2366},{},[18722],{"data":18723,"content":18724,"nodeType":866},{},[18725],{"data":18726,"marks":18727,"value":18728,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Aug 2025",{"data":18730,"content":18731,"nodeType":2366},{},[18732],{"data":18733,"content":18734,"nodeType":866},{},[18735],{"data":18736,"marks":18737,"value":18738,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SoundCloud, GrubHub, Panera Bread, Match Group, Crunchbase, Betterment, CarMax, Edmunds, CarGurus, Hims & Hers, University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, Optimizely, TELUS Digital, Crunchyroll, ADT",{"data":18740,"content":18741,"nodeType":2366},{},[18742],{"data":18743,"content":18744,"nodeType":866},{},[18745],{"data":18746,"marks":18747,"value":18748,"nodeType":865},{},[],"16 named victims. Confirmed individual impact includes ~30M records (SoundCloud), ~14M records (Panera), 10M+ records (Match Group), ~20M records (Betterment), 5.5M people (ADT), 1M+ records (UPenn), ~1PB stolen from TELUS Digital ($65M ransom refused).",{"data":18750,"content":18751,"nodeType":2400},{},[18752,18767,18777,18787],{"data":18753,"content":18754,"nodeType":2366},{},[18755],{"data":18756,"content":18757,"nodeType":866},{},[18758,18763],{"data":18759,"marks":18760,"value":18762,"nodeType":865},{},[18761],{"type":926},"Anodot Supply Chain",{"data":18764,"marks":18765,"value":18766,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (stolen OAuth tokens → downstream Snowflake/BigQuery access)",{"data":18768,"content":18769,"nodeType":2366},{},[18770],{"data":18771,"content":18772,"nodeType":866},{},[18773],{"data":18774,"marks":18775,"value":18776,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Apr 2026",{"data":18778,"content":18779,"nodeType":2366},{},[18780],{"data":18781,"content":18782,"nodeType":866},{},[18783],{"data":18784,"marks":18785,"value":18786,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Anodot/Glassbox (origin), Rockstar Games, Vimeo, Zara/Inditex",{"data":18788,"content":18789,"nodeType":2366},{},[18790],{"data":18791,"content":18792,"nodeType":866},{},[18793],{"data":18794,"marks":18795,"value":18796,"nodeType":865},{},[],"4 named victims (12+ total claimed). 78.6M records (Rockstar Games), 197K individuals (Zara), 119K individuals (Vimeo).",{"data":18798,"content":18799,"nodeType":2400},{},[18800,18815,18824,18834],{"data":18801,"content":18802,"nodeType":2366},{},[18803],{"data":18804,"content":18805,"nodeType":866},{},[18806,18811],{"data":18807,"marks":18808,"value":18810,"nodeType":865},{},[18809],{"type":926},"Other SLH-attributed",{"data":18812,"marks":18813,"value":18814,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (misc. vectors including infostealer chains, CI/CD supply chain, SaaS platform compromise)",{"data":18816,"content":18817,"nodeType":2366},{},[18818],{"data":18819,"content":18820,"nodeType":866},{},[18821],{"data":18822,"marks":18823,"value":18673,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18825,"content":18826,"nodeType":2366},{},[18827],{"data":18828,"content":18829,"nodeType":866},{},[18830],{"data":18831,"marks":18832,"value":18833,"nodeType":865},{},[],"UK Legal Aid Agency, Mixpanel, Wynn Resorts, Woflow, Vercel, European Commission, Mercor, Medtronic, Instructure",{"data":18835,"content":18836,"nodeType":2366},{},[18837],{"data":18838,"content":18839,"nodeType":866},{},[18840],{"data":18841,"marks":18842,"value":18843,"nodeType":865},{},[],"10 named victims across varied vectors. Notable: Vercel (Lumma Stealer → Context.ai OAuth app → Google Workspace), European Commission (poisoned Trivy GitHub Action → 340GB across 71 EU entities)",{"data":18845,"content":18846,"nodeType":866},{},[18847],{"data":18848,"marks":18849,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The three attack techniques behind ShinyHunters' 2026 campaigns ","ShinyHunters' breach of Instructure is the latest in a long series of attacks. Here's our view of the big picture. 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When combined with other techniques, this access can be exchanged to open normal browser app sessions and access SSO connected apps.",{"data":22023,"content":22027,"nodeType":912},{"target":22024},{"sys":22025},{"id":22026,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4WtQR2xsE236yoyhSXj58Z",[],{"data":22029,"content":22033,"nodeType":912},{"target":22030},{"sys":22031},{"id":22032,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1x7Lip7JdY2xlHKKurT7qJ",[],{"data":22035,"content":22036,"nodeType":866},{},[22037],{"data":22038,"marks":22039,"value":22040,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At this point, you can achieve a number of objectives both inside the app ecosystem and across SSO connected apps — e.g. data theft, disruption, and ultimately extortion.",{"data":22042,"content":22043,"nodeType":866},{},[22044,22048,22053,22057],{"data":22045,"marks":22046,"value":22047,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Critically, the initial request to generate a device code is typically ",{"data":22049,"marks":22050,"value":22052,"nodeType":865},{},[22051],{"type":926},"unauthenticated",{"data":22054,"marks":22055,"value":22056,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across all providers — ",{"data":22058,"marks":22059,"value":22061,"nodeType":865},{},[22060],{"type":926},"anyone can generate one, from any machine, without proving any relationship to the target organization.",{"data":22063,"content":22064,"nodeType":866},{},[22065,22069,22074],{"data":22066,"marks":22067,"value":22068,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, the attacker has to deliver a set of instructions via a phishing channel (e.g. email, social media DM, corp IM platform, and so on) with a device code that they have generated. The victim then enters this code on the ",{"data":22070,"marks":22071,"value":22073,"nodeType":865},{},[22072],{"type":926},"legitimate device code login page",{"data":22075,"marks":22076,"value":22077,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for that app and issues the tokens to the attacker.",{"data":22079,"content":22083,"nodeType":912},{"target":22080},{"sys":22081},{"id":22082,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1txUYuQjH9FlbDGTo8AbZB",[],{"data":22085,"content":22086,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":22088,"content":22089,"nodeType":981},{},[22090],{"data":22091,"marks":22092,"value":22094,"nodeType":865},{},[22093],{"type":926},"Why device code phishing is so dangerous",{"data":22096,"content":22097,"nodeType":1317},{},[22098],{"data":22099,"marks":22100,"value":22102,"nodeType":865},{},[22101],{"type":926},"Device code phishing bypasses authentication controls (including passkeys)",{"data":22104,"content":22105,"nodeType":866},{},[22106,22110,22115,22119],{"data":22107,"marks":22108,"value":22109,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A device code phishing attack ",{"data":22111,"marks":22112,"value":22114,"nodeType":865},{},[22113],{"type":926},"cannot be prevented with authentication controls",{"data":22116,"marks":22117,"value":22118,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This includes all forms of MFA and ",{"data":22120,"marks":22121,"value":22123,"nodeType":865},{},[22122],{"type":926},"even “phishing-resistant” authentication methods such as passkeys. ",{"data":22125,"content":22126,"nodeType":866},{},[22127,22132,22136,22141],{"data":22128,"marks":22129,"value":22131,"nodeType":865},{},[22130],{"type":926},"The device code authorization is effectively performed post-authentication. ",{"data":22133,"marks":22134,"value":22135,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you already have an active session in your browser, entering the device code and selecting your account from a drop-down menu is all that's needed. ",{"data":22137,"marks":22138,"value":22140,"nodeType":865},{},[22139],{"type":926},"No password or MFA required. ",{"data":22142,"marks":22143,"value":22144,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can see an example in the video below.",{"data":22146,"content":22149,"nodeType":912},{"target":22147},{"sys":22148},{"id":21079,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":22151,"content":22152,"nodeType":866},{},[22153],{"data":22154,"marks":22155,"value":22156,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even if you do have to sign in again (because you're not already signed in for some reason), the attack still works because it isn't targeting the login — it's targeting the authorization layer instead.",{"data":22158,"content":22159,"nodeType":866},{},[22160],{"data":22161,"marks":22162,"value":22163,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is what makes device code phishing different to other standard phishing methods like AiTM phishing (and arguably even more effective in environments with strict identity control enforcement). ",{"data":22165,"content":22166,"nodeType":1317},{},[22167],{"data":22168,"marks":22169,"value":22171,"nodeType":865},{},[22170],{"type":926},"Device code logins are a feature, not a vulnerability, making attacks difficult to block",{"data":22173,"content":22174,"nodeType":866},{},[22175],{"data":22176,"marks":22177,"value":22178,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Device code authorization is a legitimate mechanism regularly used in enterprise environments, particularly for CLI logins. Tools like Azure CLI, GitHub CLI, and AWS CLI all use (or have used) the device code flow as a primary or fallback authentication method. This creates a dual problem for defenders. ",{"data":22180,"content":22181,"nodeType":866},{},[22182],{"data":22183,"marks":22184,"value":22185,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First, the phishing attack happens entirely on a legitimate site — there's no fake login page, no malicious payload to scan for, and the URL in the browser is genuine. Since there's no traditional phishing content being delivered, these attacks are more resistant to detection by email and network security tools.",{"data":22187,"content":22188,"nodeType":866},{},[22189],{"data":22190,"marks":22191,"value":22192,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Second, the widespread legitimate use of device code flow — particularly among developers and technical users — normalizes the experience of entering device codes. A phishing lure asking them to do the same thing is indistinguishable from a legitimate IT request. And for non-technical users, this experience isn't much different to, for example, entering a code sent via email or authenticator app. ",{"data":22194,"content":22195,"nodeType":1317},{},[22196],{"data":22197,"marks":22198,"value":22200,"nodeType":865},{},[22199],{"type":926},"Multiple apps are vulnerable, with different risk profiles",{"data":22202,"content":22203,"nodeType":866},{},[22204],{"data":22205,"marks":22206,"value":22207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Various apps implement the device code flow, each with different levels of control and default security, but the risk is not uniform across platforms. ",{"data":22209,"content":22210,"nodeType":1616},{},[22211,22226,22240],{"data":22212,"content":22213,"nodeType":1570},{},[22214],{"data":22215,"content":22216,"nodeType":866},{},[22217,22222],{"data":22218,"marks":22219,"value":22221,"nodeType":865},{},[22220],{"type":926},"Google Workspace ",{"data":22223,"marks":22224,"value":22225,"nodeType":865},{},[],"is a significantly lower-risk target because Google explicitly limits which scopes are available to the device code flow — Gmail, Calendar, and most Workspace APIs are simply unavailable through this mechanism. ",{"data":22227,"content":22228,"nodeType":1570},{},[22229],{"data":22230,"content":22231,"nodeType":866},{},[22232,22236],{"data":22233,"marks":22234,"value":19700,"nodeType":865},{},[22235],{"type":926},{"data":22237,"marks":22238,"value":22239,"nodeType":865},{},[]," offers the broadest attack surface due to unrestricted scopes, reusable first-party client IDs, and the FOCI/PRT escalation paths. ",{"data":22241,"content":22242,"nodeType":1570},{},[22243],{"data":22244,"content":22245,"nodeType":866},{},[22246,22250,22254],{"data":22247,"marks":22248,"value":22249,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Apps like ",{"data":22251,"marks":22252,"value":10210,"nodeType":865},{},[22253],{"type":926},{"data":22255,"marks":22256,"value":22257,"nodeType":865},{},[]," sit in between — broad scopes are available (including full repository access), but the attacker must control their own OAuth app and the victim sees an explicit consent screen. ",{"data":22259,"content":22263,"nodeType":912},{"target":22260},{"sys":22261},{"id":22262,"type":909,"linkType":910},"ejNSC76jge1p1zzz9wwiG",[],{"data":22265,"content":22266,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":22268,"content":22269,"nodeType":981},{},[22270],{"data":22271,"marks":22272,"value":22274,"nodeType":865},{},[22273],{"type":926},"Security recommendations",{"data":22276,"content":22277,"nodeType":866},{},[22278],{"data":22279,"marks":22280,"value":22281,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security teams need to consider the risk posed by device code phishing across multiple apps where device code authorization grants are common, particularly for developers and technical users. ",{"data":22283,"content":22284,"nodeType":866},{},[22285],{"data":22286,"marks":22287,"value":22288,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In an ideal world, you would simply block device code logins. But this can’t be done without causing serious disruption in some environments, while some apps simply don’t provide the tools required to do so. For example, device code is the default CLI sign-in method for GitHub. Developer-heavy organizations are likely to encounter higher levels of legitimate use.",{"data":22290,"content":22291,"nodeType":866},{},[22292,22296,22305,22309,22314,22318,22323,22327,22332],{"data":22293,"marks":22294,"value":22295,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft arguably offers the strongest control options (other than Google, who negate it right out of the gate), though they do require a fair amount of work. ",{"data":22297,"content":22299,"nodeType":889},{"uri":22298},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/microsoft-entra-blog/new-microsoft-managed-policies-to-raise-your-identity-security-posture/4286758",[22300],{"data":22301,"marks":22302,"value":22304,"nodeType":865},{},[22303],{"type":943},"Microsoft now explicitly recommends",{"data":22306,"marks":22307,"value":22308,"nodeType":865},{},[]," blocking device code flow for tenants that haven't used it in the past 25 days. Their guidance is to create a custom CA policy: target relevant users, set the ",{"data":22310,"marks":22311,"value":22313,"nodeType":865},{},[22312],{"type":926},"Authentication Flows",{"data":22315,"marks":22316,"value":22317,"nodeType":865},{},[]," condition to block ",{"data":22319,"marks":22320,"value":22322,"nodeType":865},{},[22321],{"type":926},"Device Code Flow",{"data":22324,"marks":22325,"value":22326,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and set the grant control to ",{"data":22328,"marks":22329,"value":22331,"nodeType":865},{},[22330],{"type":926},"Block Access",{"data":22333,"marks":22334,"value":22335,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Deploy in report-only mode first to identify any legitimate device code usage, then enforce with narrow exceptions.",{"data":22337,"content":22341,"nodeType":912},{"target":22338},{"sys":22339},{"id":22340,"type":909,"linkType":910},"mQIj2o9xRzkZYKNmanB25",[],{"data":22343,"content":22344,"nodeType":866},{},[22345],{"data":22346,"marks":22347,"value":22348,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For other apps, you’re mainly limited to monitoring and response. Ensuring you’re getting authentication logs for these apps is vital, and searching for unusual access patterns (e.g. unusual login protocols, having different IPs for the authorization grant and subsequent account activity). ",{"data":22350,"content":22351,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":22353,"content":22354,"nodeType":981},{},[22355],{"data":22356,"marks":22357,"value":22359,"nodeType":865},{},[22358],{"type":926},"How Push Security can help",{"data":22361,"content":22362,"nodeType":866},{},[22363],{"data":22364,"marks":22365,"value":22366,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push customers can use our browser-based capabilities to overcome the limitations of app-level controls and detect, intercept, and shut down attacks in real time. ",{"data":22368,"content":22369,"nodeType":866},{},[22370],{"data":22371,"marks":22372,"value":22373,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our research team is already tracking multiple device code phishing campaigns and toolkits, including the EvilTokens kit. Blocking controls are already in place to prevent customers from interacting with malicious pages that match our detections for these new toolkits, ensuring that these pages can be identified and blocked in real time regardless of the infrastructure. ",{"data":22375,"content":22376,"nodeType":866},{},[22377,22381,22390],{"data":22378,"marks":22379,"value":22380,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using Push you can also ",{"data":22382,"content":22384,"nodeType":889},{"uri":22383},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/can-i-use-push-to-help-protect-against-device-code-phishing-scenarios/",[22385],{"data":22386,"marks":22387,"value":22389,"nodeType":865},{},[22388],{"type":943},"configure in-browser warnings",{"data":22391,"marks":22392,"value":22393,"nodeType":865},{},[]," whenever a user accesses a URL used for device code logins. This provides universal, last-mile protection against even ‘zero-day’ device code phishing attacks using previously unidentified toolkits.  ",{"data":22395,"content":22399,"nodeType":912},{"target":22396},{"sys":22397},{"id":22398,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3JsbGaOKSS3INzBUJpoh1W",[],{"data":22401,"content":22402,"nodeType":866},{},[22403],{"data":22404,"marks":22405,"value":22406,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a user visits those URLs, Push will also emit a webhook event that the banner was shown and acknowledged. If a user opts to proceed, you can treat this as a high-fidelity alert for your security team to investigate, providing app-agnostic telemetry that may not already be provided in your logs from that particular vendor. You can also simply use Push to block users from accessing device login pages if you’re confident that disruption won’t be caused. ",{"data":22408,"content":22409,"nodeType":1317},{},[22410],{"data":22411,"marks":22412,"value":2270,"nodeType":865},{},[22413],{"type":926},{"data":22415,"content":22416,"nodeType":866},{},[22417],{"data":22418,"marks":22419,"value":22420,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":22422,"content":22423,"nodeType":866},{},[22424,22428,22435,22438,22446,22449,22456],{"data":22425,"marks":22426,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To learn more about Push, ",{"data":22429,"content":22430,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[22431],{"data":22432,"marks":22433,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[22434],{"type":943},{"data":22436,"marks":22437,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":22439,"content":22440,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13438},[22441],{"data":22442,"marks":22443,"value":22445,"nodeType":865},{},[22444],{"type":943},"view our demo 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ConsentFix is better understood as an OAuth attack than a malware delivery technique — it signals the direction of travel as attackers seek to eliminate the endpoint detection surface entirely and operate purely within browser-native mechanisms like OAuth. ","Top 10 Browser Problems IB4",{"sys":25325,"__typename":5616,"content":25326,"name":25337,"title":59},{"id":3998},{"json":25327},{"data":25328,"content":25329,"nodeType":1382},{},[25330],{"data":25331,"content":25332,"nodeType":866},{},[25333],{"data":25334,"marks":25335,"value":25336,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Enterprise AI platforms — Claude, ChatGPT Enterprise, Microsoft Copilot, Gemini for Workspace — increasingly provide native prompt logging and DLP controls on their enterprise plans, and these are richer and more reliable for sanctioned tools than browser session-layer monitoring. The right architecture is complementary: use the browser to enforce which AI tools employees can access and ensure they reach the corporate tenant rather than a personal account, then rely on platform-native controls to govern activity within that environment.","Top 10 Browser Problems IB5",{"sys":25339,"__typename":5616,"content":25340,"name":25380,"title":59},{"id":4106},{"json":25341},{"data":25342,"content":25343,"nodeType":1382},{},[25344],{"data":25345,"content":25346,"nodeType":866},{},[25347,25351,25356,25360,25365,25369,25376],{"data":25348,"marks":25349,"value":25350,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The 2025 Verizon DBIR found ",{"data":25352,"marks":25353,"value":25355,"nodeType":865},{},[25354],{"type":926},"54% of ransomware attacks traced back to infostealer-enabled credential theft",{"data":25357,"marks":25358,"value":25359,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Microsoft reports ",{"data":25361,"marks":25362,"value":25364,"nodeType":865},{},[25363],{"type":926},"39,000 session token attacks per day",{"data":25366,"marks":25367,"value":25368,"nodeType":865},{},[],", the majority sourced from infostealer-harvested cookies. The",{"data":25370,"content":25371,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[25372],{"data":25373,"marks":25374,"value":25375,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Snowflake breach",{"data":25377,"marks":25378,"value":25379,"nodeType":865},{},[]," we mentioned earlier was powered entirely by infostealer-harvested credentials: stolen years earlier, never rotated, and used to authenticate directly to tenants that lacked MFA. More than 80% of compromised accounts had prior credential exposure. The Okta breach followed the same pattern, beginning with an infostealer on an engineer's personal device harvesting credentials synced to their personal Google profile on a corporate browser. ","Top 10 Browser Problems IB6",{"items":25382},[],{},"The top 10 security problems you can solve in the browser",{"items":25386},[25387,25978,26761],{"__typename":1429,"sys":25388,"content":25390,"title":25964,"synopsis":25965,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":25966,"slug":25967,"tagsCollection":25968,"authorsCollection":25974},{"id":25389},"217s8zu5idSdX25TUgbPQ1",{"json":25391},{"data":25392,"content":25393,"nodeType":1382},{},[25394,25412,25419,25426,25432,25435,25443,25459,25466,25472,25479,25562,25569,25574,25581,25587,25590,25598,25610,25617,25629,25632,25640,25656,25663,25670,25673,25681,25688,25704,25710,25726,25733,25740,25747,25763,25770,25773,25781,25788,25804,25811,25814,25822,25838,25845,25865,25877,25880,25888,25904,25911,25918,25925,25932,25935,25942,25948],{"data":25395,"content":25396,"nodeType":866},{},[25397,25400,25408],{"data":25398,"marks":25399,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":25401,"content":25403,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25402},"https://research.esg-global.com/reportaction/515202191/Marketing",[25404],{"data":25405,"marks":25406,"value":25407,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Omdia Browser Management and Security report",{"data":25409,"marks":25410,"value":25411,"nodeType":865},{},[],", based on a survey of 400 IT and security professionals across North America fielded in late 2025, is the most comprehensive industry data to date on how organizations are experiencing, prioritizing, and investing in the secure enterprise browser (SEB) market. ",{"data":25413,"content":25414,"nodeType":866},{},[25415],{"data":25416,"marks":25417,"value":25418,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For us at Push, it externally validates what we've known to be true for some time — the browser is where work happens, where attacks land, and where defenders need to be if they want to detect and stop threats before damage is done.",{"data":25420,"content":25421,"nodeType":866},{},[25422],{"data":25423,"marks":25424,"value":25425,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We pulled out seven findings that matter most for security teams evaluating their approach.",{"data":25427,"content":25431,"nodeType":912},{"target":25428},{"sys":25429},{"id":25430,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4aM879egIFYmDvOhzyNI9A",[],{"data":25433,"content":25434,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":25436,"content":25437,"nodeType":981},{},[25438],{"data":25439,"marks":25440,"value":25442,"nodeType":865},{},[25441],{"type":926},"1. The attacks driving concern are the ones happening inside the browser session",{"data":25444,"content":25445,"nodeType":866},{},[25446,25450,25455],{"data":25447,"marks":25448,"value":25449,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The threat picture is driving everything else in this report, so it's the right place to start. ",{"data":25451,"marks":25452,"value":25454,"nodeType":865},{},[25453],{"type":926},"49% of organizations suffered a successful browser-based attack in the last 12 months.",{"data":25456,"marks":25457,"value":25458,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Among those affected, browser-originated incidents account for roughly 37% of all security incidents — and 68% say that share has grown over the past two years. ",{"data":25460,"content":25461,"nodeType":866},{},[25462],{"data":25463,"marks":25464,"value":25465,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is not an emerging threat vector. It’s worth noting here that these numbers are also likely lower than the reality, since many are only identified later in the kill chain. Without browser-level telemetry they can be difficult to trace back their source — which in the vast majority of cases, even for malware-driven attacks, is the browser. ",{"data":25467,"content":25471,"nodeType":912},{"target":25468},{"sys":25469},{"id":25470,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6Kcz8oILKVHmhQIo5Du6V",[],{"data":25473,"content":25474,"nodeType":866},{},[25475],{"data":25476,"marks":25477,"value":25478,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What stands out is that every one of the top attack categories plays out inside the browser session itself — not against the browser as a piece of software, but within the sessions where users interact with applications:",{"data":25480,"content":25481,"nodeType":1616},{},[25482,25492,25502,25512,25522,25532,25542,25552],{"data":25483,"content":25484,"nodeType":1570},{},[25485],{"data":25486,"content":25487,"nodeType":866},{},[25488],{"data":25489,"marks":25490,"value":25491,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing (40%)",{"data":25493,"content":25494,"nodeType":1570},{},[25495],{"data":25496,"content":25497,"nodeType":866},{},[25498],{"data":25499,"marks":25500,"value":25501,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Data loss or leakage (38%)",{"data":25503,"content":25504,"nodeType":1570},{},[25505],{"data":25506,"content":25507,"nodeType":866},{},[25508],{"data":25509,"marks":25510,"value":25511,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions (34%)",{"data":25513,"content":25514,"nodeType":1570},{},[25515],{"data":25516,"content":25517,"nodeType":866},{},[25518],{"data":25519,"marks":25520,"value":25521,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Vulnerable browser extensions (33%)",{"data":25523,"content":25524,"nodeType":1570},{},[25525],{"data":25526,"content":25527,"nodeType":866},{},[25528],{"data":25529,"marks":25530,"value":25531,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious scripts (31%)",{"data":25533,"content":25534,"nodeType":1570},{},[25535],{"data":25536,"content":25537,"nodeType":866},{},[25538],{"data":25539,"marks":25540,"value":25541,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credential theft via browser (28%)",{"data":25543,"content":25544,"nodeType":1570},{},[25545],{"data":25546,"content":25547,"nodeType":866},{},[25548],{"data":25549,"marks":25550,"value":25551,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cookie theft (22%)",{"data":25553,"content":25554,"nodeType":1570},{},[25555],{"data":25556,"content":25557,"nodeType":866},{},[25558],{"data":25559,"marks":25560,"value":25561,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM attacks (17%)",{"data":25563,"content":25564,"nodeType":866},{},[25565],{"data":25566,"marks":25567,"value":25568,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing, credential theft, cookie theft, and AiTM are attacks that target the user's interaction with a web page — the credential entry, the session creation, the token exchange. Malicious and vulnerable extensions are supply chain risks that operate inside the browser's own execution environment. Data loss happens through the browser when employees upload files, paste data into AI tools, or share information with unsanctioned applications. ",{"data":25570,"content":25573,"nodeType":912},{"target":25571},{"sys":25572},{"id":9687,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":25575,"content":25576,"nodeType":866},{},[25577],{"data":25578,"marks":25579,"value":25580,"nodeType":865},{},[],"None of these are attacks where network-layer traffic inspection, endpoint monitoring, or email scanning provides complete coverage, because the attack surface is the browser session itself.",{"data":25582,"content":25586,"nodeType":912},{"target":25583},{"sys":25584},{"id":25585,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5kI5h4Z31ByD73er7voayF",[],{"data":25588,"content":25589,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":25591,"content":25592,"nodeType":981},{},[25593],{"data":25594,"marks":25595,"value":25597,"nodeType":865},{},[25596],{"type":926},"2. Browser security is now a board-level priority",{"data":25599,"content":25600,"nodeType":866},{},[25601,25606],{"data":25602,"marks":25603,"value":25605,"nodeType":865},{},[25604],{"type":926},"88% of respondents rank browser security as at least a top-five security priority",{"data":25607,"marks":25608,"value":25609,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with more than a quarter (26%) calling it their single top priority. For context, this is a survey that covers the full spectrum of security concerns — cloud, supply chain, AI, insider risk — and browser security has risen above most of them.",{"data":25611,"content":25612,"nodeType":866},{},[25613],{"data":25614,"marks":25615,"value":25616,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is not aspirational interest. The correlation between priority level and investment is sharp: among those who rank browser security as their top priority, 72% have significantly increased their investment due to emerging threats. Among those who rank it in their top five, that figure is 26%. The organizations that care most are spending the most.",{"data":25618,"content":25619,"nodeType":866},{},[25620,25625],{"data":25621,"marks":25622,"value":25624,"nodeType":865},{},[25623],{"type":926},"86% of respondents have increased their browser security investment in response to emerging threats",{"data":25626,"marks":25627,"value":25628,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with 36% saying the increase was significant. When you ask what's driving that spend, the answer is the threat landscape: the attacks cataloged in the previous section are the reason budgets are moving.",{"data":25630,"content":25631,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":25633,"content":25634,"nodeType":981},{},[25635],{"data":25636,"marks":25637,"value":25639,"nodeType":865},{},[25638],{"type":926},"3. Real budget is being allocated — and it's growing",{"data":25641,"content":25642,"nodeType":866},{},[25643,25647,25652],{"data":25644,"marks":25645,"value":25646,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Secure enterprise browser solutions already take up ",{"data":25648,"marks":25649,"value":25651,"nodeType":865},{},[25650],{"type":926},"12.6% of the average security budget",{"data":25653,"marks":25654,"value":25655,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a substantial allocation for a category that didn't exist as a standalone line item a few years ago. And 85% of respondents expect to increase that spend over the next 12–24 months, with a quarter expecting significant increases.",{"data":25657,"content":25658,"nodeType":866},{},[25659],{"data":25660,"marks":25661,"value":25662,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where the money comes from tells its own story. The most common funding model is a discrete line item within security program budgets (31%) or a dedicated secure browsing budget (30%). When organizations pull from an existing program budget, web security (26%) and endpoint security (21%) are the most common sources — while SASE/SSE accounts for just 9%, despite SASE vendors being the second most popular vendor category. That disconnect between vendor preference and budget origin suggests the SASE-bundled buying motion may be more aspirational than operational.",{"data":25664,"content":25665,"nodeType":866},{},[25666],{"data":25667,"marks":25668,"value":25669,"nodeType":865},{},[],"IT operations leadership is the top stakeholder in 82% of evaluations, with CISO and security leadership at 64% and CIOs at 42%. Day-to-day management sits primarily with IT Ops (77%) and SecOps (50%). This dual stakeholder picture — IT operations driving evaluation, security leadership providing strategic direction — shapes the competitive landscape in ways we'll come back to.",{"data":25671,"content":25672,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":25674,"content":25675,"nodeType":981},{},[25676],{"data":25677,"marks":25678,"value":25680,"nodeType":865},{},[25679],{"type":926},"4. AI is accelerating both the threat and the use case",{"data":25682,"content":25683,"nodeType":866},{},[25684],{"data":25685,"marks":25686,"value":25687,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI shows up in this report from two directions, mirroring how it is reshaping the security landscape itself.",{"data":25689,"content":25690,"nodeType":866},{},[25691,25695,25700],{"data":25692,"marks":25693,"value":25694,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the threat side, ",{"data":25696,"marks":25697,"value":25699,"nodeType":865},{},[25698],{"type":926},"AI-powered targeted phishing and social engineering is the top emerging concern",{"data":25701,"marks":25702,"value":25703,"nodeType":865},{},[],", cited by 75% of respondents as either very concerning or concerning. Data leakage via unsanctioned AI applications comes second at 71%, followed by deepfake/AI-generated malicious content at 69% and credential harvesting via fake AI or SaaS login pages at 66%. Every one of these threat categories involves the browser — AI-enhanced phishing lands in the browser, AI data leakage happens through browser-based AI tools, and fake AI login pages are browser-based credential harvesting.",{"data":25705,"content":25709,"nodeType":912},{"target":25706},{"sys":25707},{"id":25708,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2ajv2i5wn2GzKuyynQGlvq",[],{"data":25711,"content":25712,"nodeType":866},{},[25713,25717,25722],{"data":25714,"marks":25715,"value":25716,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the adoption side, the picture is almost universal — and almost universally under-governed. ",{"data":25718,"marks":25719,"value":25721,"nodeType":865},{},[25720],{"type":926},"92% of organizations now allow employees to use public GenAI applications",{"data":25723,"marks":25724,"value":25725,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and virtually every organization has some kind of policy position: 37% have sanctioned one public app (with everything else unsanctioned), 39% have sanctioned multiple public apps (with others unsanctioned), and 23% restrict employees to a corporate instance while the public versions are unsanctioned. ",{"data":25727,"content":25728,"nodeType":866},{},[25729],{"data":25730,"marks":25731,"value":25732,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even the 8% who don't allow GenAI at all have taken a policy position. Essentially 100% of organizations have a GenAI policy — but for the vast majority, that policy designates a large portion of public AI tool usage as unsanctioned, which raises the immediate question of whether they have the tooling to actually enforce it.",{"data":25734,"content":25735,"nodeType":866},{},[25736],{"data":25737,"marks":25738,"value":25739,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The answer, based on the current tooling landscape, appears to be: not quite. When Omdia asked how organizations currently secure GenAI usage, 58% rely on secure web gateways — tools that see traffic metadata but cannot observe what a user actually does inside a GenAI session — while 57% use secure browsing solutions and 57% use SaaS security solutions. ",{"data":25741,"content":25742,"nodeType":866},{},[25743],{"data":25744,"marks":25745,"value":25746,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An SWG can tell you that a user visited ChatGPT, but it cannot tell you whether they pasted your company's source code into the prompt. That distinction — between knowing where data went and knowing what the user actually did — is the fundamental gap that browser-layer visibility exists to close, and it is exactly the gap that makes GenAI policies unenforceable without browser-layer tooling.",{"data":25748,"content":25749,"nodeType":866},{},[25750,25754,25759],{"data":25751,"marks":25752,"value":25753,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The use case data reflects this. When Omdia asked about the most important use cases for a secure browsing solution, ",{"data":25755,"marks":25756,"value":25758,"nodeType":865},{},[25757],{"type":926},"generative AI application security came in first at 59%",{"data":25760,"marks":25761,"value":25762,"nodeType":865},{},[],", followed by data loss prevention at 51% and general web security enhancement at 42%. The feature priorities tell a consistent story: AI-powered threat detection and response (52%) and advanced GenAI usage controls and monitoring (41%) were the top two capabilities organizations said would be most important in a purchase decision. ",{"data":25764,"content":25765,"nodeType":866},{},[25766],{"data":25767,"marks":25768,"value":25769,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is both the top threat concern and the top use case for browser security — and it is a browser problem at both ends, because every LLM interaction, every prompt containing sensitive data, and every AI agent authorization happens inside a browser session.",{"data":25771,"content":25772,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":25774,"content":25775,"nodeType":981},{},[25776],{"data":25777,"marks":25778,"value":25780,"nodeType":865},{},[25779],{"type":926},"5. Organizations that have deployed secure enterprise browser solutions are seeing real results",{"data":25782,"content":25783,"nodeType":866},{},[25784],{"data":25785,"marks":25786,"value":25787,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the most useful sections in Omdia's report is the benefits data — what organizations that have deployed SEB solutions are actually getting out of them.",{"data":25789,"content":25790,"nodeType":866},{},[25791,25795,25800],{"data":25792,"marks":25793,"value":25794,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The top realized benefit is ",{"data":25796,"marks":25797,"value":25799,"nodeType":865},{},[25798],{"type":926},"improved data security, cited by 58% of respondents",{"data":25801,"marks":25802,"value":25803,"nodeType":865},{},[],", followed by fewer security incidents (49%), better visibility and auditing (47%), improved user experience (44%), and simplified configuration and policy management (41%). The picture that emerges is not just a security story but an operational one: organizations are seeing fewer incidents, better visibility, and simpler management alongside the security outcomes.",{"data":25805,"content":25806,"nodeType":866},{},[25807],{"data":25808,"marks":25809,"value":25810,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The 49% who cite fewer security incidents as a realized benefit is the number that matters most here, because it directly connects SEB deployment to measurable risk reduction. Organizations aren't just buying tools and hoping — they're deploying them and seeing fewer successful attacks as a result.",{"data":25812,"content":25813,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":25815,"content":25816,"nodeType":981},{},[25817],{"data":25818,"marks":25819,"value":25821,"nodeType":865},{},[25820],{"type":926},"6. The market wants protection in existing browsers, not migration",{"data":25823,"content":25824,"nodeType":866},{},[25825,25829,25834],{"data":25826,"marks":25827,"value":25828,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When Omdia asked what attributes matter most in a secure enterprise browser solution, ",{"data":25830,"marks":25831,"value":25833,"nodeType":865},{},[25832],{"type":926},"\"ability to use existing browsers\" ranked as the fourth most important attribute at 48%",{"data":25835,"marks":25836,"value":25837,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — behind only integration with other security tools (57%), controls over generative AI application usage (53%), and centralized policy enforcement (52%). ",{"data":25839,"content":25840,"nodeType":866},{},[25841],{"data":25842,"marks":25843,"value":25844,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That 48% figure, combined with 80% of respondents saying they expect to use an SEB solution as an integrated or alongside component rather than a replacement for existing tools, points to a clear market preference: organizations want browser security that works with their existing browser estate, not a migration to a new one.",{"data":25846,"content":25847,"nodeType":866},{},[25848,25852,25861],{"data":25849,"marks":25850,"value":25851,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is consistent with what we hear from security leaders directly. As ",{"data":25853,"content":25855,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25854},"https://pushsecurity.com/customer-stories",[25856],{"data":25857,"marks":25858,"value":25860,"nodeType":865},{},[25859],{"type":943},"Josh Lemos put it: ",{"data":25862,"marks":25863,"value":25864,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\"We looked at the full-stack enterprise browser approach, but converging on a single platform was tough. Push gave me the security instrumentation and context I needed without onerous headwinds.\" The deployment model matters because it determines adoption velocity — and a tool that requires browser migration introduces friction that delays time to value.",{"data":25866,"content":25867,"nodeType":866},{},[25868,25872],{"data":25869,"marks":25870,"value":25871,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push was built around this insight from day one. As the secure enterprise browser extension for security teams, Push turns any browser — managed or unmanaged, including agentic browsers — into a telemetry source and control point the moment it's installed. It has been rolled out to 100,000 users in under an hour during normal office hours with zero downtime. ",{"data":25873,"marks":25874,"value":25876,"nodeType":865},{},[25875],{"type":926},"That is a deployment model that matches what Omdia's respondents are asking for.",{"data":25878,"content":25879,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":25881,"content":25882,"nodeType":981},{},[25883],{"data":25884,"marks":25885,"value":25887,"nodeType":865},{},[25886],{"type":926},"7. Dedicated vendors lead over platform plays",{"data":25889,"content":25890,"nodeType":866},{},[25891,25895,25900],{"data":25892,"marks":25893,"value":25894,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When Omdia asked which category of vendor organizations primarily use or expect to use for secure enterprise browsing, ",{"data":25896,"marks":25897,"value":25899,"nodeType":865},{},[25898],{"type":926},"36% chose a dedicated SEB vendor",{"data":25901,"marks":25902,"value":25903,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — the largest single category. SASE/network security vendors came second at 29%, followed by traditional VDI/desktop virtualization vendors at 19% and endpoint platform vendors at 15%.",{"data":25905,"content":25906,"nodeType":866},{},[25907],{"data":25908,"marks":25909,"value":25910,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The dedicated category leads, and the reason isn't just first-mover advantage — it's architectural. The alternative paths each come with structural constraints. SASE and SSE platforms are network-centric: they see traffic metadata and enforce URL categorization, but they can't observe the rendered page inside a browser tab — the DOM structure, the script behavior, the credential entry that distinguishes a legitimate login from an AiTM reverse-proxy kit. ",{"data":25912,"content":25913,"nodeType":866},{},[25914],{"data":25915,"marks":25916,"value":25917,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Endpoint platforms that bolt on browser visibility are still anchored to the OS layer, solving for browser exploit prevention rather than in-session behavioral detection of the attacks that actually dominate — phishing, credential theft, session hijacking, extension compromise. And when large platform vendors acquire browser security capabilities, the integration work takes years rather than months, during which detection depth sits in a transitional state. ",{"data":25919,"content":25920,"nodeType":866},{},[25921],{"data":25922,"marks":25923,"value":25924,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Dedicated browser-native vendors start from a different premise entirely: the browser isn't a supplementary signal feeding into someone else's SASE pipeline or XDR correlation engine — it is the telemetry source and the control point. The browser is the only place where you get simultaneous visibility into both the attacker's technique and the employee's action within the same session, because the phishing page, the credential submission, the token exchange, and the data exfiltration all happen inside the same tab. No network appliance, endpoint agent, or identity provider log can see all of that, because none of them are present where the interaction occurs.",{"data":25926,"content":25927,"nodeType":866},{},[25928],{"data":25929,"marks":25930,"value":25931,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For security teams evaluating SEB solutions, the architecture matters more than the vendor category label. The capabilities Omdia's respondents ranked highest — integration with existing tools, GenAI controls, centralized policy enforcement, and the ability to use existing browsers — all point toward solutions that deliver detection depth through a lightweight deployment model, without browser migration and without the integration debt of a platform acquisition.",{"data":25933,"content":25934,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":25936,"content":25937,"nodeType":866},{},[25938],{"data":25939,"marks":25940,"value":25941,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. ",{"data":25943,"content":25944,"nodeType":866},{},[25945],{"data":25946,"marks":25947,"value":1363,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":25949,"content":25950,"nodeType":866},{},[25951,25954,25961],{"data":25952,"marks":25953,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":25955,"content":25956,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[25957],{"data":25958,"marks":25959,"value":6547,"nodeType":865},{},[25960],{"type":943},{"data":25962,"marks":25963,"value":2302,"nodeType":865},{},[],"7 things Omdia's latest report tells us about the secure enterprise browser market","Unpacking the latest research report from Omdia and what it means for the secure enterprise browser market.","2026-05-13T00:00:00.000Z","7-things-omdias-latest-report-tells-us-about-the-secure-enterprise-browser-market",{"items":25969},[25970,25972],{"sys":25971,"name":297},{"id":2310},{"sys":25973,"name":2314},{"id":2313},{"items":25975},[25976],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":25977},{"url":6570},{"__typename":1429,"sys":25979,"content":25981,"title":26748,"synopsis":26749,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":25966,"slug":26750,"tagsCollection":26751,"authorsCollection":26757},{"id":25980},"2V130uMePtxAaefYQAKInb",{"json":25982},{"data":25983,"content":25984,"nodeType":1382},{},[25985,25991,25998,26005,26012,26015,26023,26030,26042,26054,26059,26066,26069,26077,26084,26090,26097,26104,26213,26220,26223,26231,26238,26301,26317,26323,26330,26333,26341,26348,26356,26363,26370,26401,26408,26416,26423,26430,26437,26445,26452,26459,26466,26469,26477,26489,26496,26503,26511,26518,26525,26533,26540,26603,26619,26637,26645,26652,26660,26667,26674,26681,26687,26695,26702,26709,26715,26722,26729,26736,26742],{"data":25986,"content":25990,"nodeType":912},{"target":25987},{"sys":25988},{"id":25989,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5CPZ96xixlhgh6oqQ2rfmO",[],{"data":25992,"content":25993,"nodeType":866},{},[25994],{"data":25995,"marks":25996,"value":25997,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a security team evaluates browser security solutions, they're usually asking the right question: “How do we protect our users as they work in the browser?”",{"data":25999,"content":26000,"nodeType":866},{},[26001],{"data":26002,"marks":26003,"value":26004,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the answer they get from many vendors is shaped by a fundamentally different threat model — one that treats the browser as a piece of software to be hardened against exploitation, rather than as the arena where your users’ identities get stolen.",{"data":26006,"content":26007,"nodeType":866},{},[26008],{"data":26009,"marks":26010,"value":26011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This distinction has enormous consequences for your security posture and the return you can expect from your investment in a new solution.",{"data":26013,"content":26014,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":26016,"content":26017,"nodeType":981},{},[26018],{"data":26019,"marks":26020,"value":26022,"nodeType":865},{},[26021],{"type":926},"Two different problems, dressed the same",{"data":26024,"content":26025,"nodeType":866},{},[26026],{"data":26027,"marks":26028,"value":26029,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When it comes to protecting users as they work in the browser, security tools typically fall into one of two camps:",{"data":26031,"content":26032,"nodeType":866},{},[26033,26038],{"data":26034,"marks":26035,"value":26037,"nodeType":865},{},[26036],{"type":926},"The first camp:",{"data":26039,"marks":26040,"value":26041,"nodeType":865},{},[]," represented by solutions like Seraphic (now CrowdStrike) — is built around the threat of attacking the browser itself. The architecture is designed to scramble the browser’s JavaScript runtime and prevent exploits from detonating and breaking out of the browser sandbox. This is browser hardening: defending the browser as software against exploitation by attackers who want to compromise the underlying device.",{"data":26043,"content":26044,"nodeType":866},{},[26045,26050],{"data":26046,"marks":26047,"value":26049,"nodeType":865},{},[26048],{"type":926},"The second camp:",{"data":26051,"marks":26052,"value":26053,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and the one Push Security occupies uniquely, focuses on what happens inside the browser when a user is working normally. Phishing pages harvesting credentials. Session tokens being stolen. Malicious OAuth applications being granted access through social engineering. Adversary-in-the-middle proxies intercepting authentication flows. These attacks don't exploit the browser. They exploit the human — and now agents — using it via the browser's legitimate capabilities (think of it as LOTL, browser edition).",{"data":26055,"content":26058,"nodeType":912},{"target":26056},{"sys":26057},{"id":9687,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":26060,"content":26061,"nodeType":866},{},[26062],{"data":26063,"marks":26064,"value":26065,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The question for any security team evaluating this space: which of these threat models presents the greatest risks to my organization?",{"data":26067,"content":26068,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":26070,"content":26071,"nodeType":981},{},[26072],{"data":26073,"marks":26074,"value":26076,"nodeType":865},{},[26075],{"type":926},"How organizations are actually being breached",{"data":26078,"content":26079,"nodeType":866},{},[26080],{"data":26081,"marks":26082,"value":26083,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let's look at the major breach campaigns of the last three years without the marketing filter and a pattern emerges immediately. Scattered Spider and its successors breached MGM Resorts, Caesars, M&S, JLR, and Salesforce customers — not through browser exploits, but through social engineering, phishing and Adversary-in-the-Middle attacks that stole session tokens and SSO credentials. ",{"data":26085,"content":26089,"nodeType":912},{"target":26086},{"sys":26087},{"id":26088,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2qIMTiyyIsQFAyGJ9Ikyej",[],{"data":26091,"content":26092,"nodeType":866},{},[26093],{"data":26094,"marks":26095,"value":26096,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In every case, the attack happened in the browser — using stolen identities to log into legitimate cloud services — not on the browser through exploitation of the browser engine itself.",{"data":26098,"content":26099,"nodeType":866},{},[26100],{"data":26101,"marks":26102,"value":26103,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The data from major threat intelligence sources is unambiguous:",{"data":26105,"content":26106,"nodeType":1616},{},[26107,26126,26145,26164,26183,26198],{"data":26108,"content":26109,"nodeType":1570},{},[26110],{"data":26111,"content":26112,"nodeType":866},{},[26113,26117,26122],{"data":26114,"marks":26115,"value":26116,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity weaknesses played a material role in ",{"data":26118,"marks":26119,"value":26121,"nodeType":865},{},[26120],{"type":926},"almost 90% of Unit 42 incident response investigations",{"data":26123,"marks":26124,"value":26125,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 IR Report)",{"data":26127,"content":26128,"nodeType":1570},{},[26129],{"data":26130,"content":26131,"nodeType":866},{},[26132,26136,26141],{"data":26133,"marks":26134,"value":26135,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credential abuse and phishing combined accounted for ",{"data":26137,"marks":26138,"value":26140,"nodeType":865},{},[26139],{"type":926},"38% of all breaches",{"data":26142,"marks":26143,"value":26144,"nodeType":865},{},[],", making identity the single largest breach vector (Verizon DBIR 2025)",{"data":26146,"content":26147,"nodeType":1570},{},[26148],{"data":26149,"content":26150,"nodeType":866},{},[26151,26155,26160],{"data":26152,"marks":26153,"value":26154,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cloud-conscious intrusions — attackers using stolen identities to access cloud services — rose ",{"data":26156,"marks":26157,"value":26159,"nodeType":865},{},[26158],{"type":926},"37% in 2025",{"data":26161,"marks":26162,"value":26163,"nodeType":865},{},[],", up 266% among state-nexus actors (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report)",{"data":26165,"content":26166,"nodeType":1570},{},[26167],{"data":26168,"content":26169,"nodeType":866},{},[26170,26174,26179],{"data":26171,"marks":26172,"value":26173,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In cloud-related incidents, identity issues drove initial access in ",{"data":26175,"marks":26176,"value":26178,"nodeType":865},{},[26177],{"type":926},"83% of cases",{"data":26180,"marks":26181,"value":26182,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (Mandiant / Google Cloud Threat Horizons H1 2026)",{"data":26184,"content":26185,"nodeType":1570},{},[26186],{"data":26187,"content":26188,"nodeType":866},{},[26189,26194],{"data":26190,"marks":26191,"value":26193,"nodeType":865},{},[26192],{"type":926},"82% of attack detections are now malware-free",{"data":26195,"marks":26196,"value":26197,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — they don't touch the endpoint and abuse legitimate access and functionality (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report)",{"data":26199,"content":26200,"nodeType":1570},{},[26201],{"data":26202,"content":26203,"nodeType":866},{},[26204,26209],{"data":26205,"marks":26206,"value":26208,"nodeType":865},{},[26207],{"type":926},"49% of organizations",{"data":26210,"marks":26211,"value":26212,"nodeType":865},{},[]," suffered a successful browser-based attack in the last 12 months (Omdia 2026)",{"data":26214,"content":26215,"nodeType":866},{},[26216],{"data":26217,"marks":26218,"value":26219,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These aren't edge cases. This is now the primary attack playbook.",{"data":26221,"content":26222,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":26224,"content":26225,"nodeType":1317},{},[26226],{"data":26227,"marks":26228,"value":26230,"nodeType":865},{},[26229],{"type":926},"The economics of attack choice",{"data":26232,"content":26233,"nodeType":866},{},[26234],{"data":26235,"marks":26236,"value":26237,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are rational actors. They pick the cheapest, most reliable path to their objective. The economics of browser exploitation versus identity theft tell the whole story:",{"data":26239,"content":26240,"nodeType":1616},{},[26241,26256,26271,26286],{"data":26242,"content":26243,"nodeType":1570},{},[26244],{"data":26245,"content":26246,"nodeType":866},{},[26247,26251],{"data":26248,"marks":26249,"value":26250,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Chrome sandbox RCE exploit (bug bounty value): ",{"data":26252,"marks":26253,"value":26255,"nodeType":865},{},[26254],{"type":926},"$250,000",{"data":26257,"content":26258,"nodeType":1570},{},[26259],{"data":26260,"content":26261,"nodeType":866},{},[26262,26266],{"data":26263,"marks":26264,"value":26265,"nodeType":865},{},[],"IAB-provided IdP admin account: ",{"data":26267,"marks":26268,"value":26270,"nodeType":865},{},[26269],{"type":926},"~$3,000",{"data":26272,"content":26273,"nodeType":1570},{},[26274],{"data":26275,"content":26276,"nodeType":866},{},[26277,26281],{"data":26278,"marks":26279,"value":26280,"nodeType":865},{},[],"1-year phishing kit rental (PhaaS): ",{"data":26282,"marks":26283,"value":26285,"nodeType":865},{},[26284],{"type":926},"~$1,000",{"data":26287,"content":26288,"nodeType":1570},{},[26289],{"data":26290,"content":26291,"nodeType":866},{},[26292,26296],{"data":26293,"marks":26294,"value":26295,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Bulk stolen credential list: ",{"data":26297,"marks":26298,"value":26300,"nodeType":865},{},[26299],{"type":926},"~$15",{"data":26302,"content":26303,"nodeType":866},{},[26304,26308,26313],{"data":26305,"marks":26306,"value":26307,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser zero-days accounted for just ",{"data":26309,"marks":26310,"value":26312,"nodeType":865},{},[26311],{"type":926},"9% of all zero-days reported to Google in 2025",{"data":26314,"marks":26315,"value":26316,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — described by Google's own researchers as a \"historic low.\" Chrome's sandbox architecture, site isolation, and hardware-backed security features are the result of years of sustained hardening investment. When a browser vulnerability is discovered, Google typically deploys a patch within days.",{"data":26318,"content":26322,"nodeType":912},{"target":26319},{"sys":26320},{"id":26321,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5XWKHTT5J06yWcgZIOL95t",[],{"data":26324,"content":26325,"nodeType":866},{},[26326],{"data":26327,"marks":26328,"value":26329,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The bottom line: browser exploits are extraordinarily expensive to develop, increasingly difficult to execute reliably against a hardened modern browser, and patched rapidly when discovered. In sharp contrast, identity attacks are cheap to run, highly scalable, and have a low technical barrier to adoption — that’s why they’re responsible for the overwhelming majority of enterprise breaches. Attackers have voted with their resources.",{"data":26331,"content":26332,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":26334,"content":26335,"nodeType":981},{},[26336],{"data":26337,"marks":26338,"value":26340,"nodeType":865},{},[26339],{"type":926},"What you're actually buying with each vendor",{"data":26342,"content":26343,"nodeType":866},{},[26344],{"data":26345,"marks":26346,"value":26347,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Understanding the core architectural choice each vendor has made helps decode what their solution can and cannot protect you from.",{"data":26349,"content":26350,"nodeType":1317},{},[26351],{"data":26352,"marks":26353,"value":26355,"nodeType":865},{},[26354],{"type":926},"Seraphic (CrowdStrike)",{"data":26357,"content":26358,"nodeType":866},{},[26359],{"data":26360,"marks":26361,"value":26362,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Seraphic's architecture is built to inject into the browser's JavaScript runtime at the OS layer, scrambling browser internals to prevent exploits from executing. This is a technically sophisticated approach to a technically interesting problem that is, by every threat intelligence measure, not the problem causing enterprise breaches at scale.",{"data":26364,"content":26365,"nodeType":866},{},[26366],{"data":26367,"marks":26368,"value":26369,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Beyond the threat model mismatch, there are structural concerns with the approach itself. Injecting an agent into the browser's JS runtime is a technique with well-documented stability consequences. This is the same approach antivirus vendors have used for years, often at the cost of system stability. Seraphic now runs alongside the CrowdStrike Falcon sensor on managed devices, combining two heavyweight agents on the same machine. For any organization with CrowdStrike already deployed, the question isn't theoretical: how has that combination been validated in production environments?",{"data":26371,"content":26372,"nodeType":866},{},[26373,26377,26384,26388,26397],{"data":26374,"marks":26375,"value":26376,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There's also the managed-device limitation. Seraphic requires a kernel-level agent, which means it loses meaningful capability on unmanaged devices, BYOD machines, and contractor endpoints. This is not a niche concern: according to ",{"data":26378,"content":26379,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3963},[26380],{"data":26381,"marks":26382,"value":26383,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Omdia's 2026 browser security survey",{"data":26385,"marks":26386,"value":26387,"nodeType":865},{},[],", 32% of users access corporate applications from unmanaged devices at least occasionally. Agent-based solutions are blind to nearly a third of your actual attack surface by design. The Okta breach began on a support engineer's personal device, where ",{"data":26389,"content":26391,"nodeType":889},{"uri":26390},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-sync-attacks-where-personal-account-hacks-lead-to-corporate-breaches/",[26392],{"data":26393,"marks":26394,"value":26396,"nodeType":865},{},[26395],{"type":943},"corporate credentials had synced",{"data":26398,"marks":26399,"value":26400,"nodeType":865},{},[]," via Chrome's built-in profile sync. No agent, no visibility.",{"data":26402,"content":26403,"nodeType":866},{},[26404],{"data":26405,"marks":26406,"value":26407,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Teams evaluating Seraphic today are also buying into an integration roadmap, not a shipped capability. The acquisition by CrowdStrike closed in early 2026. The work of wiring browser telemetry into Falcon Fusion and correlating it with endpoint signals is currently a promise, not a production feature.",{"data":26409,"content":26410,"nodeType":1317},{},[26411],{"data":26412,"marks":26413,"value":26415,"nodeType":865},{},[26414],{"type":926},"SquareX (Zscaler)",{"data":26417,"content":26418,"nodeType":866},{},[26419],{"data":26420,"marks":26421,"value":26422,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SquareX's core capability is sandboxing suspicious file downloads inside disposable browser containers before they reach the endpoint. This is a legitimate approach to a real but declining problem. 82% of attack detections are now malware-free (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report) — attacks don't arrive as files to be sandboxed, they arrive as authenticated sessions. And the delivery channel shift makes the picture even starker: across Push's customer base, 1 in 3 phishing payloads are now delivered outside of email entirely — via social media, ads, and messaging platforms — and 4 in 5 ClickFix payloads arrive through search engines, not email. The threat that SquareX was architecturally designed to address is a shrinking share of the actual attack surface, and it's shrinking fast.",{"data":26424,"content":26425,"nodeType":866},{},[26426],{"data":26427,"marks":26428,"value":26429,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Zscaler already has sandboxing built into ZIA. For an existing Zscaler customer evaluating SquareX, the honest question is: what does this add beyond some extension analysis capability and what you already have? The AiTM phishing campaign that stole your user's credentials and accessed your cloud applications generates no malicious file, triggers no sandbox, and produces no network signal for Zscaler's traffic inspection to catch — because it happened entirely inside a browser session using legitimate authentication flows.",{"data":26431,"content":26432,"nodeType":866},{},[26433],{"data":26434,"marks":26435,"value":26436,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The acquisition also raises product focus questions. Being absorbed into a network-centric platform means SquareX is now optimized for Zscaler's priorities, not for standalone browser detection and response. Teams that care about investigation, threat hunting, and incident response should ask specifically what SquareX adds in those workflows under Zscaler ownership.",{"data":26438,"content":26439,"nodeType":1317},{},[26440],{"data":26441,"marks":26442,"value":26444,"nodeType":865},{},[26443],{"type":926},"LayerX",{"data":26446,"content":26447,"nodeType":866},{},[26448],{"data":26449,"marks":26450,"value":26451,"nodeType":865},{},[],"LayerX is primarily a policy enforcement and risk scoring platform focused on internal governance — controlling which applications employees access, what data moves through the browser, and whether behavior complies with internal rules.",{"data":26453,"content":26454,"nodeType":866},{},[26455],{"data":26456,"marks":26457,"value":26458,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security covers that ground too. Push provides full visibility over AI tool usage, shadow SaaS, unmanaged identities, and data loss vectors — including sensitive data submitted through AI prompts, file uploads to personal cloud destinations, and OAuth grants to third-party applications. The same browser telemetry that detects external attacks also surfaces insider risks and powers DLP controls and compliance audit evidence, all from a single extension.",{"data":26460,"content":26461,"nodeType":866},{},[26462],{"data":26463,"marks":26464,"value":26465,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The critical difference is that Push goes significantly further. Where LayerX scores risk and enforces policy, Push detects active external attack techniques in real time: AiTM phishing kits as they execute, session tokens being stolen, ClickFix lures through behavioral analysis of page structure. These are the attacks causing the most damaging breaches today, and they don't surface on a risk score until after the damage is done. Push addresses both the governance problem and the external threat problem from the same platform. LayerX addresses only the first.",{"data":26467,"content":26468,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":26470,"content":26471,"nodeType":981},{},[26472],{"data":26473,"marks":26474,"value":26476,"nodeType":865},{},[26475],{"type":926},"Securing the organization via the browser: Push Security",{"data":26478,"content":26479,"nodeType":866},{},[26480,26485],{"data":26481,"marks":26482,"value":26484,"nodeType":865},{},[26483],{"type":926},"Push Security is built on a different architectural premise:",{"data":26486,"marks":26487,"value":26488,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the browser is not primarily a piece of software to harden against exploitation. It is the primary workplace, the primary SaaS access point, and the arena where the majority of modern identity attacks play out. The goal is to secure the organization via the browser — not just to secure the browser itself.",{"data":26490,"content":26491,"nodeType":866},{},[26492],{"data":26493,"marks":26494,"value":26495,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means Push's detection surface is built around the attacks that are actually causing breaches: adversary-in-the-middle phishing, ClickFix and its many variants, credential stuffing against shadow identities, session token theft and replay, OAuth consent abuse, and the full spectrum of identity-based initial access techniques that dominate the modern threat landscape.",{"data":26497,"content":26498,"nodeType":866},{},[26499],{"data":26500,"marks":26501,"value":26502,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The deployment model reflects the threat model. Push deploys as a lightweight browser extension — no kernel-level agent, no device dependency, no migration to a new browser. It works on managed and unmanaged devices, across every traditional, enterprise and AI browser where employees are doing work and attackers are targeting them. The operational overhead is minimal by design: Push has been deployed to 100,000 users in under one hour during normal business hours.",{"data":26504,"content":26505,"nodeType":1317},{},[26506],{"data":26507,"marks":26508,"value":26510,"nodeType":865},{},[26509],{"type":926},"Detection philosophy: targeting what attackers can't change",{"data":26512,"content":26513,"nodeType":866},{},[26514],{"data":26515,"marks":26516,"value":26517,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's detection approach targets attacker TTPs rather than indicators of compromise that attackers can rotate in minutes. 95% of attacks detected by Push used some form of bot protection service — meaning the specific domain and IP were deliberately obscured. If your primary detection relies on blocklists, recent reports tell us that 89% of phishing domains will evade you: because they're active for less than two days, they can be spun up, down, and replaced faster than blocklists can keep up.",{"data":26519,"content":26520,"nodeType":866},{},[26521],{"data":26522,"marks":26523,"value":26524,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Behavioral detection of the attack technique — the AiTM relay structure, the credential entry on a cloned login page, the anomalous session context — remains valid regardless of what domain the attack is hosted on or which PhaaS kit was used to build it.",{"data":26526,"content":26527,"nodeType":1317},{},[26528],{"data":26529,"marks":26530,"value":26532,"nodeType":865},{},[26531],{"type":926},"Measuring the identity attack surface (it's bigger than you realize)",{"data":26534,"content":26535,"nodeType":866},{},[26536],{"data":26537,"marks":26538,"value":26539,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because Push has visibility into actual login behavior across thousands of organizations, it can quantify the attack surface that identity-based attacks exploit. Of the last million logins observed by Push:",{"data":26541,"content":26542,"nodeType":1616},{},[26543,26558,26573,26588],{"data":26544,"content":26545,"nodeType":1570},{},[26546],{"data":26547,"content":26548,"nodeType":866},{},[26549,26554],{"data":26550,"marks":26551,"value":26553,"nodeType":865},{},[26552],{"type":926},"15 corporate identities were identified per employee",{"data":26555,"marks":26556,"value":26557,"nodeType":865},{},[]," used to access cloud apps",{"data":26559,"content":26560,"nodeType":1570},{},[26561],{"data":26562,"content":26563,"nodeType":866},{},[26564,26569],{"data":26565,"marks":26566,"value":26568,"nodeType":865},{},[26567],{"type":926},"1 in 4",{"data":26570,"marks":26571,"value":26572,"nodeType":865},{},[]," were password logins, not SSO",{"data":26574,"content":26575,"nodeType":1570},{},[26576],{"data":26577,"content":26578,"nodeType":866},{},[26579,26584],{"data":26580,"marks":26581,"value":26583,"nodeType":865},{},[26582],{"type":926},"2 in 5",{"data":26585,"marks":26586,"value":26587,"nodeType":865},{},[]," were not protected by MFA",{"data":26589,"content":26590,"nodeType":1570},{},[26591],{"data":26592,"content":26593,"nodeType":866},{},[26594,26599],{"data":26595,"marks":26596,"value":26598,"nodeType":865},{},[26597],{"type":926},"1 in 5",{"data":26600,"marks":26601,"value":26602,"nodeType":865},{},[]," used a weak, breached, or reused password",{"data":26604,"content":26605,"nodeType":866},{},[26606,26610,26615],{"data":26607,"marks":26608,"value":26609,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And it's not just login hygiene. Across Push's customer base, ",{"data":26611,"marks":26612,"value":26614,"nodeType":865},{},[26613],{"type":926},"46%+ of browser extensions in corporate environments have the permission combinations required for direct account takeover via session theft if they are malicious or compromised by an attacker",{"data":26616,"marks":26617,"value":26618,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Most organizations have no inventory of what's running in their employees' browsers, let alone visibility into what those extensions can access.",{"data":26620,"content":26621,"nodeType":866},{},[26622,26626,26633],{"data":26623,"marks":26624,"value":26625,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These aren't theoretical vulnerabilities. They're the specific weaknesses that browser-native identity attacks are designed to exploit. ",{"data":26627,"content":26628,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1902},[26629],{"data":26630,"marks":26631,"value":26632,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This visibility turns browser security from a reactive posture into a proactive one",{"data":26634,"marks":26635,"value":26636,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — you can see and remediate the identity weaknesses before an attacker exploits them, not just detect the attack while it's in progress.",{"data":26638,"content":26639,"nodeType":1317},{},[26640],{"data":26641,"marks":26642,"value":26644,"nodeType":865},{},[26643],{"type":926},"The ROI case",{"data":26646,"content":26647,"nodeType":866},{},[26648],{"data":26649,"marks":26650,"value":26651,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The ROI question for any security investment is: what quantum of real risk does this tool address, at what cost in money and operational friction?",{"data":26653,"content":26654,"nodeType":866},{},[26655],{"data":26656,"marks":26657,"value":26659,"nodeType":865},{},[26658],{"type":926},"That calculation looks very different depending on your threat model.",{"data":26661,"content":26662,"nodeType":866},{},[26663],{"data":26664,"marks":26665,"value":26666,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A solution focused on browser engine exploits and sandbox escapes is defending against an attack category that represents a tiny fraction of actual enterprise breaches, requires extraordinary attacker resources to execute, and is increasingly mitigated by browser vendors themselves through hardening and rapid patching. Chrome's automatic update cycle means that even when a browser vulnerability is discovered and disclosed, it is typically in front of users as a patch within days. The defenders here are Google, Mozilla, and Microsoft — with multi-billion dollar security teams and full access to the browser internals.",{"data":26668,"content":26669,"nodeType":866},{},[26670],{"data":26671,"marks":26672,"value":26673,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A solution focused on identity attacks via the browser — phishing, credential theft, session hijacking, OAuth abuse, malicious browser extensions — is defending against the primary cause of enterprise breaches, one that is accelerating (cloud-conscious intrusions up 37% in 2025, browser-based attacks increasing at 68% of organizations over the past two years per Omdia) and increasingly automated through PhaaS infrastructure that gives low-skill attackers enterprise-grade capability for $1,000 a year.",{"data":26675,"content":26676,"nodeType":866},{},[26677],{"data":26678,"marks":26679,"value":26680,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There's also a forward-looking dimension. The threat landscape isn't moving toward more browser exploitation. It's moving further into identity abuse. AI-powered phishing lowers the social engineering barrier. Agentic browsers will automate credential stuffing and account takeover at a scale that wasn't previously possible. And attackers are already adapting to authentication improvements: device code phishing has increased 37x since the start of 2026, a technique specifically designed to circumvent passkeys by bypassing the authentication flow entirely — the attacker never encounters a login page. The investment in identity-centric browser detection compounds over time as the attack surface evolves in the same direction.",{"data":26682,"content":26686,"nodeType":912},{"target":26683},{"sys":26684},{"id":26685,"type":909,"linkType":910},"cQ6WPV2NMYvDMZXifqzK1",[],{"data":26688,"content":26689,"nodeType":1317},{},[26690],{"data":26691,"marks":26692,"value":26694,"nodeType":865},{},[26693],{"type":926},"The verdict",{"data":26696,"content":26697,"nodeType":866},{},[26698],{"data":26699,"marks":26700,"value":26701,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser security is a real and growing priority — according to Omdia Research, it is now a top-five priority for 88% of security leaders and the top priority for 26% of them. 85% expect their browser security spending to increase over the next 12–24 months. The question isn't whether to invest. It's what to invest in.",{"data":26703,"content":26704,"nodeType":866},{},[26705],{"data":26706,"marks":26707,"value":26708,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is where your users work, where attackers target them, and where the identity attacks causing the majority of enterprise breaches play out. But not all browser security investments address the same problem.",{"data":26710,"content":26714,"nodeType":912},{"target":26711},{"sys":26712},{"id":26713,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4nGzT9cNG0Yid93uUCCuTt",[],{"data":26716,"content":26717,"nodeType":866},{},[26718],{"data":26719,"marks":26720,"value":26721,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Solutions like Seraphic are built to defend against a browser being exploited by an attacker trying to break out of the sandbox — an attack that represents a historic low as a share of enterprise incidents, and one that Google's own hardening and rapid patching increasingly mitigates automatically. SquareX is built around malware sandboxing — a legitimate but declining share of the initial access landscape, and a capability Zscaler's existing customers already partially have. LayerX focuses on internal governance rather than external threats.",{"data":26723,"content":26724,"nodeType":866},{},[26725],{"data":26726,"marks":26727,"value":26728,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is built to defend against the attacks that are behind the major breaches hitting the headlines: identity theft, credential abuse, session hijacking, and the full identity attack kill chain that plays out inside the browser every time an attacker logs in as your user. Every major threat intelligence report points to these as the primary breach vectors. The economics of attack choice guarantee they'll remain so.",{"data":26730,"content":26731,"nodeType":866},{},[26732],{"data":26733,"marks":26734,"value":26735,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The security team that deploys Push gets the greatest coverage of the highest-impact threats, on managed and unmanaged devices, with the lightest operational footprint. That is the browser security investment that moves the needle on real organizational risk — not the browser security investment that defends the software nobody's actually attacking.",{"data":26737,"content":26741,"nodeType":912},{"target":26738},{"sys":26739},{"id":26740,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3a2sEWgWKZulGLCFfODwk0",[],{"data":26743,"content":26744,"nodeType":866},{},[26745],{"data":26746,"marks":26747,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How to avoid the browser security buyer's trap","Securing the browser vs. securing the organization via the browser — what's the difference?","how-to-avoid-the-browser-security-buyers-trap",{"items":26752},[26753,26755],{"sys":26754,"name":297},{"id":2310},{"sys":26756,"name":2314},{"id":2313},{"items":26758},[26759],{"fullName":4614,"firstName":4615,"jobTitle":4616,"profilePicture":26760},{"url":4618},{"__typename":1429,"sys":26762,"content":26764,"title":27267,"synopsis":27268,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":27269,"slug":27270,"tagsCollection":27271,"authorsCollection":27277},{"id":26763},"2MWicW07sNEBp59wxYtAiC",{"json":26765},{"data":26766,"content":26767,"nodeType":1382},{},[26768,26776,26807,26813,26820,26839,26854,26857,26865,26880,26899,26924,26930,26946,26973,26979,26985,27001,27004,27012,27019,27027,27045,27061,27068,27093,27100,27108,27137,27144,27152,27159,27165,27168,27176,27183,27191,27197,27200,27208,27215,27222,27229,27241,27244,27250],{"data":26769,"content":26770,"nodeType":981},{},[26771],{"data":26772,"marks":26773,"value":26775,"nodeType":865},{},[26774],{"type":926},"The quantification problem nobody talks about",{"data":26777,"content":26778,"nodeType":866},{},[26779,26783,26791,26795,26803],{"data":26780,"marks":26781,"value":26782,"nodeType":865},{},[],"I was recently teaching ",{"data":26784,"content":26786,"nodeType":889},{"uri":26785},"https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-courses/cybersecurity-leaders/",[26787],{"data":26788,"marks":26789,"value":26790,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SANS LDR551",{"data":26792,"marks":26793,"value":26794,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where we cover some of the flawed approaches used in risk measurement and prioritization — for example, presenting ordinal data in a risk matrix as ratio data, implying that the matrix represents quantitative analysis when it’s more of a best guess. We then look at modeling using ",{"data":26796,"content":26798,"nodeType":889},{"uri":26797},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_exceedance_curve",[26799],{"data":26800,"marks":26801,"value":26802,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Loss Exceedance Curves",{"data":26804,"marks":26805,"value":26806,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as a more accurate, if much more difficult, approach to quantitative risk assessment.",{"data":26808,"content":26812,"nodeType":912},{"target":26809},{"sys":26810},{"id":26811,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4S1wJUm6E1qvyZzwrl2DL",[],{"data":26814,"content":26815,"nodeType":866},{},[26816],{"data":26817,"marks":26818,"value":26819,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The only problem is, we rarely have the time or the data to construct such models. Ask a CISO how they measure risk for credential compromise and other account takeover attacks, and the answer will probably include one or more of the following: a risk assessment, a whiteboard, and a room full of smart people making educated guesses about attack frequency and control strength. ",{"data":26821,"content":26822,"nodeType":866},{},[26823,26827,26835],{"data":26824,"marks":26825,"value":26826,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That isn't a criticism — for most risk scenarios, expert elicitation is the best (and most convenient) available method. Breach cost data is sparse, threat actor behavior is unpredictable, and internal incident history is (ideally!) a limited sample. Quantitative risk frameworks like ",{"data":26828,"content":26830,"nodeType":889},{"uri":26829},"https://www.fairinstitute.org/",[26831],{"data":26832,"marks":26833,"value":26834,"nodeType":865},{},[],"FAIR",{"data":26836,"marks":26837,"value":26838,"nodeType":865},{},[]," give structure to that uncertainty, but they can't conjure data that just doesn't exist.",{"data":26840,"content":26841,"nodeType":866},{},[26842,26846,26851],{"data":26843,"marks":26844,"value":26845,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The results are usually estimates with wide confidence intervals and loss distributions that appear precise, but are hard to defend to a CFO or a board. Finance leaders have seen Monte Carlo simulations before; the capable ones will challenge the quality of the outputs if they doubt the quality of the inputs. ",{"data":26847,"marks":26848,"value":26850,"nodeType":865},{},[26849],{"type":926},"But with the right telemetry, we can get both",{"data":26852,"marks":26853,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":26855,"content":26856,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":26858,"content":26859,"nodeType":981},{},[26860],{"data":26861,"marks":26862,"value":26864,"nodeType":865},{},[26863],{"type":926},"Why the identity attack surface is uniquely measurable",{"data":26866,"content":26867,"nodeType":866},{},[26868,26872,26877],{"data":26869,"marks":26870,"value":26871,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've written extensively about the shift to identity as a primary attack vector — and the evidence continues to stack up. Credential phishing, device code phishing, ClickFix, adversary-in-the-middle attacks, session hijacking, and SaaS account compromise now account for the majority of breach entry points in most enterprise environments. But the silver lining here is that this shift has created something valuable for risk quantification: ",{"data":26873,"marks":26874,"value":26876,"nodeType":865},{},[26875],{"type":898},"a highly observable threat surface",{"data":26878,"marks":26879,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":26881,"content":26882,"nodeType":866},{},[26883,26887,26895],{"data":26884,"marks":26885,"value":26886,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity attacks execute ",{"data":26888,"content":26889,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5461},[26890],{"data":26891,"marks":26892,"value":26894,"nodeType":865},{},[26893],{"type":943},"in the browser",{"data":26896,"marks":26897,"value":26898,"nodeType":865},{},[],". They leave traces in authentication flows, login behaviors, OAuth integrations, extension activity, and SaaS access patterns — all of which are captured in real time by the Push extension. Unlike network or endpoint attacks, where the signal is often binary and retroactive, browser-based identity threats generate continuous, high-frequency telemetry that maps directly onto the inputs that drive quantitative risk models.",{"data":26900,"content":26901,"nodeType":866},{},[26902,26906,26911,26915,26920],{"data":26903,"marks":26904,"value":26905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This telemetry directly informs the hardest inputs in any quantitative risk model. One is ",{"data":26907,"marks":26908,"value":26910,"nodeType":865},{},[26909],{"type":926},"Threat Event Frequency (TEF)",{"data":26912,"marks":26913,"value":26914,"nodeType":865},{},[],": how often a threat agent acts against an asset in a given period. For identity risks, this can be answered in how many credential phishing attempts reached your users across all delivery channels (social media, email, malvertising, etc.), or how frequently your users authorize malicious or compromised SaaS apps. Browser-level telemetry can answer these questions with ",{"data":26916,"marks":26917,"value":26919,"nodeType":865},{},[26918],{"type":898},"observed",{"data":26921,"marks":26922,"value":26923,"nodeType":865},{},[]," data rather than industry lookups and general benchmarks. ",{"data":26925,"content":26929,"nodeType":912},{"target":26926},{"sys":26927},{"id":26928,"type":909,"linkType":910},"EvjT68MCWW7nz5q86xe8S",[],{"data":26931,"content":26932,"nodeType":866},{},[26933,26937,26942],{"data":26934,"marks":26935,"value":26936,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The other input to risk modeling that's difficult to express in concrete terms is ",{"data":26938,"marks":26939,"value":26941,"nodeType":865},{},[26940],{"type":926},"vulnerability",{"data":26943,"marks":26944,"value":26945,"nodeType":865},{},[],": the probability a threat becomes a loss event or, more specifically, how likely it is that your controls will fail. ",{"data":26947,"content":26948,"nodeType":866},{},[26949,26953,26960,26964,26970],{"data":26950,"marks":26951,"value":26952,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is where browser telemetry gets especially concrete. ",{"data":26954,"content":26955,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25244},[26956],{"data":26957,"marks":26958,"value":26959,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Analysis of login telemetry across Push-monitored environments",{"data":26961,"marks":26962,"value":26963,"nodeType":865},{},[]," shows that 1 in 4 logins are still password-only (not SSO), 2 in 5 are not protected by MFA, and 1 in 5 use a weak, breached, or reused password. Many of these logins occur outside the visibility of a central IdP platform like Microsoft, Google or Okta — the result of downstream ",{"data":26965,"content":26966,"nodeType":889},{"uri":15989},[26967],{"data":26968,"marks":26969,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":26971,"marks":26972,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":26974,"content":26978,"nodeType":912},{"target":26975},{"sys":26976},{"id":26977,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5GctExdVGjHRwKifiP00Fp",[],{"data":26980,"content":26984,"nodeType":912},{"target":26981},{"sys":26982},{"id":26983,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2mWToHCJcuB9FMwxxzd67F",[],{"data":26986,"content":26987,"nodeType":866},{},[26988,26992,26997],{"data":26989,"marks":26990,"value":26991,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In a FAIR-based model, TEF and vulnerability together determine ",{"data":26993,"marks":26994,"value":26996,"nodeType":865},{},[26995],{"type":926},"loss event frequency",{"data":26998,"marks":26999,"value":27000,"nodeType":865},{},[],": the foundational driver of the entire risk calculation. Using telemetry from your own environment as the basis for these calculations makes them far more accurate, and more likely to stand up to scrutiny.",{"data":27002,"content":27003,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":27005,"content":27006,"nodeType":981},{},[27007],{"data":27008,"marks":27009,"value":27011,"nodeType":865},{},[27010],{"type":926},"The attack surface is bigger than most models assume",{"data":27013,"content":27014,"nodeType":866},{},[27015],{"data":27016,"marks":27017,"value":27018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the consistent failures in identity risk modeling is the tendency to model risks defenders can see, and leave the rest off the balance sheet. These omissions create a systematic understatement of exposure that browser-based telemetry can offset.",{"data":27020,"content":27021,"nodeType":1317},{},[27022],{"data":27023,"marks":27024,"value":27026,"nodeType":865},{},[27025],{"type":926},"Shadow AI and OAuth sprawl",{"data":27028,"content":27029,"nodeType":866},{},[27030,27033,27041],{"data":27031,"marks":27032,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":27034,"content":27035,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3841},[27036],{"data":27037,"marks":27038,"value":27040,"nodeType":865},{},[27039],{"type":943},"The Vercel breach in April 2026",{"data":27042,"marks":27043,"value":27044,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was the result of an OAuth connection to a third-party AI SaaS tool a developer connected into the organization's Google Workspace tenant (without admin approval). When the AI vendor was compromised, the attacker leveraged stored OAuth tokens to access downstream accounts, ultimately reaching internal dashboards, API keys, and source code. ",{"data":27046,"content":27047,"nodeType":866},{},[27048,27052,27057],{"data":27049,"marks":27050,"value":27051,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push telemetry across customer environments shows an average of ",{"data":27053,"marks":27054,"value":27056,"nodeType":865},{},[27055],{"type":926},"17 unique AI app integrations per organization in Microsoft and Google alone",{"data":27058,"marks":27059,"value":27060,"nodeType":865},{},[],", most of which security teams would describe as unapproved. These generally don't appear in a conventional risk model that isn't looking for them.",{"data":27062,"content":27063,"nodeType":1317},{},[27064],{"data":27065,"marks":27066,"value":288,"nodeType":865},{},[27067],{"type":926},{"data":27069,"content":27070,"nodeType":866},{},[27071,27075,27084,27089],{"data":27072,"marks":27073,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[27074],{"type":926},{"data":27076,"content":27077,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3720},[27078],{"data":27079,"marks":27080,"value":27083,"nodeType":865},{},[27081,27082],{"type":943},{"type":926},"Analysis of 20,000 unique extensions deployed across Push customer environments",{"data":27085,"marks":27086,"value":27088,"nodeType":865},{},[27087],{"type":926}," found that 46.76% have the permission combinations required for account takeover without user interaction. ",{"data":27090,"marks":27091,"value":27092,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The extensions carrying these permissions aren't flagged by risk scoring systems because the same permissions are used by ad blockers, password managers, and translation tools (the downside of relying on tools that rely on dubious scoring to assess extensions, but I digress). ",{"data":27094,"content":27095,"nodeType":866},{},[27096],{"data":27097,"marks":27098,"value":27099,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What matters for risk quantification isn't the permission set or an arbitrary score assigned by a vendor; it's whether the monitoring exists to detect when a previously-clean extension changes ownership, escalates permissions, or behaves anomalously. Without that monitoring, the exposure is real but unquantified.",{"data":27101,"content":27102,"nodeType":1317},{},[27103],{"data":27104,"marks":27105,"value":27107,"nodeType":865},{},[27106],{"type":926},"ClickFix and non-email delivery channels",{"data":27109,"content":27110,"nodeType":866},{},[27111,27115,27122,27126,27133],{"data":27112,"marks":27113,"value":27114,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix — where a malicious page silently writes a PowerShell or mshta command into the victim's clipboard and instructs them to paste it — was ",{"data":27116,"content":27117,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6207},[27118],{"data":27119,"marks":27120,"value":27121,"nodeType":865},{},[],"the most common initial access vector observed by Microsoft in 2025",{"data":27123,"marks":27124,"value":27125,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and CrowdStrike reported a",{"data":27127,"content":27128,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1929},[27129],{"data":27130,"marks":27131,"value":27132,"nodeType":865},{},[]," 563% increase in fake CAPTCHA lures",{"data":27134,"marks":27135,"value":27136,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (one of the most common ClickFix styles in which the user has to \"verify they're human\" by running a command on their machine). ",{"data":27138,"content":27139,"nodeType":866},{},[27140],{"data":27141,"marks":27142,"value":27143,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What makes this particularly relevant for risk quantification is the delivery channel: 4 in 5 ClickFix payloads intercepted by Push arrive via search engines, not email. A risk model that estimates threat event frequency from email-based phishing telemetry alone is structurally blind to an entire category of attack that has become one of the most prevalent initial access methods in the landscape.",{"data":27145,"content":27146,"nodeType":1317},{},[27147],{"data":27148,"marks":27149,"value":27151,"nodeType":865},{},[27150],{"type":926},"Authorization attacks",{"data":27153,"content":27154,"nodeType":866},{},[27155],{"data":27156,"marks":27157,"value":27158,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Device code phishing and OAuth consent abuse represent a slightly separate category of identity attack that most risk models don't account for because they operate after the authentication flow has already completed — meaning password strength, MFA coverage, and SSO adoption are irrelevant to whether the attack succeeds. ",{"data":27160,"content":27164,"nodeType":912},{"target":27161},{"sys":27162},{"id":27163,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7qtHmxCzBm5664jD6HsCwN",[],{"data":27166,"content":27167,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":27169,"content":27170,"nodeType":981},{},[27171],{"data":27172,"marks":27173,"value":27175,"nodeType":865},{},[27174],{"type":926},"The key lesson for CISOs",{"data":27177,"content":27178,"nodeType":866},{},[27179],{"data":27180,"marks":27181,"value":27182,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A risk model that measures identity vulnerability purely in terms of authentication hygiene at the IdP layer — how many accounts have MFA, how many use SSO — will correctly quantify one dimension of exposure while completely missing another that is growing faster and is structurally immune to the controls being measured.",{"data":27184,"content":27185,"nodeType":866},{},[27186],{"data":27187,"marks":27188,"value":27190,"nodeType":865},{},[27189],{"type":926},"For a CISO building a risk model, these aren't edge cases. They represent a real attack surface that doesn't show up in models built on conventional network, endpoint, and cloud telemetry. We aren't just talking about better inputs to risk modeling — we're talking about entirely new risk scenarios that aren't being modeled at all, supported by live data.",{"data":27192,"content":27196,"nodeType":912},{"target":27193},{"sys":27194},{"id":27195,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2ObEcO1gqz8lrOLCZzfpNw",[],{"data":27198,"content":27199,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":27201,"content":27202,"nodeType":1317},{},[27203],{"data":27204,"marks":27205,"value":27207,"nodeType":865},{},[27206],{"type":926},"Browser telemetry makes a CISO's life easier",{"data":27209,"content":27210,"nodeType":866},{},[27211],{"data":27212,"marks":27213,"value":27214,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser-based telemetry changes the conversation a CISO can have with a CFO or board. 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This reinforces the need for browser-based detection at the point the user interacts with the page.",[],{},"Agentic Threat Hunting Blog IB2",{"sys":28260,"__typename":1390,"title":28261,"caption":28262,"layoutMode":59,"file":28263},{"id":10728},"Sample detection - blog article - custom branding","Sample detection details in the Push admin console for a blocked phishing event",{"url":28264,"width":1402,"height":28265},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6k8qVn1iYXbBl6lcHvphIa/dd802537d883cf6ddafdd78034c3412a/sample_detection.png",766,{"sys":28267,"__typename":28268,"title":28269,"youTubeUrl":28270},{"id":10779},"EmbeddedVideo","Adam Bateman: Agentic AI is a Force Multiplier","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5Qv-su0qQA",{"sys":28272,"__typename":1390,"title":28273,"caption":28274,"layoutMode":59,"file":28275},{"id":11007},"Dissect agent output - agentic threat hunting blog","Summary from the work of Push’s deep investigation AI agent on the initial InstallFix attack detected by Push.",{"url":28276,"width":28277,"height":28278},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6t86kpGUwCVvrJEfVic1Cr/f41986585203764155d736d26cee2176/agentic_summary_example_installfix.png",1998,1428,{"sys":28280,"__typename":1390,"title":28281,"caption":28282,"layoutMode":59,"file":28283},{"id":11113},"Detection engine diagram - agentic threat blog","The Push detection engine combines deep browser telemetry with agentic workflows to rapidly respond to emerging threats.  ",{"url":28284,"width":28285,"height":28286},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1zbE1t82gPo7pgqkAayTcZ/72046ea5db9b80c77053343223025163/platform_diagram_v3.png",1134,762,{"sys":28288,"__typename":5616,"content":28289,"name":28300,"title":59},{"id":11150},{"json":28290},{"data":28291,"content":28292,"nodeType":1382},{},[28293],{"data":28294,"content":28295,"nodeType":866},{},[28296],{"data":28297,"marks":28298,"value":28299,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Use agents as an excuse to operationalize your internal knowledge once and for all. Every security team has a venerable silo of knowledge — that one person who just knows how to do that one major thing. Now, that can be an AI resource accessible to all, at any time, whenever you need it most.","Agentic Threat Hunting Blog IB4",{"sys":28302,"__typename":1390,"title":28303,"caption":28304,"layoutMode":59,"file":28305},{"id":11204},"Learning loops diagram - agentic threat blog","Two learning loops for known and unknown threats create a compounding effect for Push’s ability to defend against browser-based attacks.",{"url":28306,"width":28307,"height":28265},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6TQdqvjhG4AYHITcR1MV9s/b1e1c337f50005186f6022004543023b/learning_loops_v3.png",1001,{"sys":28309,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":28310,"buttonLabel":28311,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":28312},{"id":11283},"Book a demo to learn more about our agentic threat hunting capabilities and how they can benefit your security team.","Book a Demo","https://site.dev.pushsecurity.com/demo/",{"items":28314},[],{},"How we built an agentic threat hunting pipeline at Push",{"items":28318},[28319,28887,29568],{"__typename":1429,"sys":28320,"content":28322,"title":28874,"synopsis":28875,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":3347,"slug":28876,"tagsCollection":28877,"authorsCollection":28883},{"id":28321},"2nQU0gDEqgarstvFMqFTzn",{"json":28323},{"data":28324,"content":28325,"nodeType":1382},{},[28326,28333,28340,28360,28368,28375,28383,28386,28393,28400,28418,28425,28433,28440,28447,28454,28461,28467,28470,28477,28484,28491,28510,28517,28524,28531,28538,28545,28552,28559,28566,28584,28591,28598,28605,28608,28615,28622,28629,28636,28642,28649,28656,28663,28670,28676,28683,28690,28697,28704,28726,28733,28740,28747,28754,28770,28777,28784,28791,28798,28804,28811,28818,28825,28831,28834,28841,28858],{"data":28327,"content":28328,"nodeType":866},{},[28329],{"data":28330,"marks":28331,"value":28332,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What would it take to vibecode your own AI-driven threat hunting pipeline? ",{"data":28334,"content":28335,"nodeType":866},{},[28336],{"data":28337,"marks":28338,"value":28339,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The commercial models are right there. You’ve probably got a spare weekend coming up, a really nice espresso machine, and a few bucks for tokens. (Is there already an HGTV series on this?)",{"data":28341,"content":28342,"nodeType":866},{},[28343,28347,28356],{"data":28344,"marks":28345,"value":28346,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently published a ",{"data":28348,"content":28350,"nodeType":889},{"uri":28349},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline",[28351],{"data":28352,"marks":28353,"value":28355,"nodeType":865},{},[28354],{"type":943},"detailed look",{"data":28357,"marks":28358,"value":28359,"nodeType":865},{},[]," at how we use AI agents as a force multiplier for Push’s threat hunting and detection engineering capabilities.One intriguing detail you might have noticed in that article is that at Push, we treat commercial AI models as commoditized infrastructure, akin to cloud computing.",{"data":28361,"content":28362,"nodeType":866},{},[28363],{"data":28364,"marks":28365,"value":28367,"nodeType":865},{},[28366],{"type":926},"So it’s a cheeky question, but a fair one, because if Push is using commercial models, what exactly are you paying for?",{"data":28369,"content":28370,"nodeType":866},{},[28371],{"data":28372,"marks":28373,"value":28374,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It turns out that the models are the easiest things to replace, and in fact we swap out different models with little impact on detection performance. What’s much harder to build is the expertise: the technical knowledge of various attack techniques, the instrumentation in the browser that produces the structured telemetry, and the enforcement layer that turns detections into real-time protection.",{"data":28376,"content":28377,"nodeType":866},{},[28378],{"data":28379,"marks":28380,"value":28382,"nodeType":865},{},[28381],{"type":926},"Let’s break it down.",{"data":28384,"content":28385,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":28387,"content":28388,"nodeType":981},{},[28389],{"data":28390,"marks":28391,"value":28392,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The promise and the perils of threat hunting (and where agentic capabilities fit in)",{"data":28394,"content":28395,"nodeType":866},{},[28396],{"data":28397,"marks":28398,"value":28399,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Threat hunting — the practice of proactively searching for threats that haven’t been seen before — is one of the most effective practices in security and one of the least accessible.",{"data":28401,"content":28402,"nodeType":866},{},[28403,28406,28414],{"data":28404,"marks":28405,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28407,"content":28409,"nodeType":889},{"uri":28408},"https://www.sans.org/white-papers/sans-2025-threat-hunting-survey-advancements-threat-hunting-amid-ai-cloud-challenges",[28410],{"data":28411,"marks":28412,"value":28413,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SANS 2025 Threat Hunting Survey",{"data":28415,"marks":28416,"value":28417,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found that 61% of organizations cite staffing shortages as the top barrier to running a hunting program. A single manual hunt takes 10 to 20 hours of sustained analyst focus — forming hypotheses about what an attacker might be doing, querying data sources sequentially, correlating results by hand, documenting findings. Many organizations hunt infrequently or not at all.",{"data":28419,"content":28420,"nodeType":866},{},[28421],{"data":28422,"marks":28423,"value":28424,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Threat hunting in the browser poses specific challenges: The stakes are high as AI-enabled attacks accelerate, and the availability of training and knowledge is low. ",{"data":28426,"content":28427,"nodeType":866},{},[28428],{"data":28429,"marks":28430,"value":28432,"nodeType":865},{},[28431],{"type":926},"AiTM phishing kits that manipulate DOM elements in real time, ClickFix variants that inject malicious payloads through clipboard manipulation, ConsentFix attacks that abuse OAuth consent flows, credential harvesting on pages that rotate infrastructure hourly — these techniques don't map cleanly onto the endpoint-focused threat models most SOC teams were built around, or the data sources they’re used to interrogating. ",{"data":28434,"content":28435,"nodeType":866},{},[28436],{"data":28437,"marks":28438,"value":28439,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even well-staffed security organizations tend to have a blind spot in the browser layer because the expertise required to hunt there is specialized and the telemetry to support it hasn't historically been available.",{"data":28441,"content":28442,"nodeType":866},{},[28443],{"data":28444,"marks":28445,"value":28446,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using AI agents to hunt for browser-based threats promises a net-new capability for smaller teams without dedicated threat hunting staff. For larger enterprises, the value of an agentic threat hunting capability lies in its ability to provide (or augment) expertise on emerging attack methods.",{"data":28448,"content":28449,"nodeType":866},{},[28450],{"data":28451,"marks":28452,"value":28453,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most SOC teams have deep expertise at the endpoint, IdP, cloud, and network layers, built over years of working with those systems’ telemetry and workflows. But browser-based attacks operate in a different domain with different telemetry, different TTPs, and a different evasion model.",{"data":28455,"content":28456,"nodeType":866},{},[28457],{"data":28458,"marks":28459,"value":28460,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A capability like Push’s provides an answer to these three hurdles: providing expertise, without any additional burden on staff, and at a speed that matches the acceleration we’re currently witnessing in browser-based attack techniques.",{"data":28462,"content":28466,"nodeType":912},{"target":28463},{"sys":28464},{"id":28465,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1uw9eFMPDdrevj26fyix5f",[],{"data":28468,"content":28469,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":28471,"content":28472,"nodeType":981},{},[28473],{"data":28474,"marks":28475,"value":28476,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t chatbot log analysis",{"data":28478,"content":28479,"nodeType":866},{},[28480],{"data":28481,"marks":28482,"value":28483,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When you hear “AI-powered threat hunting,” you might imagine an AI copilot sitting on top of your SIEM, summarizing alerts and correlating log entries faster than a human analyst could. It’s a fair assumption because many products use this kind of implementation, and tools like those are useful.",{"data":28485,"content":28486,"nodeType":866},{},[28487],{"data":28488,"marks":28489,"value":28490,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s not what we built at Push.",{"data":28492,"content":28493,"nodeType":866},{},[28494,28498,28506],{"data":28495,"marks":28496,"value":28497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re not familiar with Push, it’s a browser security platform deployed as an extension that detects and stops advanced browser-based attacks while also providing visibility and control over shadow apps and identities, including AI usage. You can use the same telemetry Push provides for these use cases to ",{"data":28499,"content":28501,"nodeType":889},{"uri":28500},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-you-cant-control-ai-without-being-in-the-browser/",[28502],{"data":28503,"marks":28504,"value":28505,"nodeType":865},{},[],"perform data loss and insider risk investigations",{"data":28507,"marks":28508,"value":28509,"nodeType":865},{},[],", too.",{"data":28511,"content":28512,"nodeType":866},{},[28513],{"data":28514,"marks":28515,"value":28516,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What we built is an agentic threat hunting and detection pipeline where AI agents collaborate with in-house threat researchers to continuously hunt for emerging browser-based attack techniques across our customer base, and then automatically write and deploy new detections.",{"data":28518,"content":28519,"nodeType":866},{},[28520],{"data":28521,"marks":28522,"value":28523,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our pipeline differs from AI-enabled log analysis in three key ways:",{"data":28525,"content":28526,"nodeType":1317},{},[28527],{"data":28528,"marks":28529,"value":28530,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A new telemetry source is the foundation",{"data":28532,"content":28533,"nodeType":866},{},[28534],{"data":28535,"marks":28536,"value":28537,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First, the Push platform generates its own telemetry. The Push browser extension operates as a flight recorder, locally collecting browser session metadata that doesn’t exist anywhere else in the security stack — details like DOM structure, script execution contexts, redirect chains, credential entry behavior, OAuth consent flows, and network requests observed from inside the session. ",{"data":28539,"content":28540,"nodeType":866},{},[28541],{"data":28542,"marks":28543,"value":28544,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This metadata is stored locally and only queried during targeted threat hunts, preserving user and customer privacy.",{"data":28546,"content":28547,"nodeType":1317},{},[28548],{"data":28549,"marks":28550,"value":28551,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Proactive hunting, not just reactive triage",{"data":28553,"content":28554,"nodeType":866},{},[28555],{"data":28556,"marks":28557,"value":28558,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The pipeline also hunts proactively rather than triaging reactively, as with log analysis agents.",{"data":28560,"content":28561,"nodeType":866},{},[28562],{"data":28563,"marks":28564,"value":28565,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push agents generate hypotheses, craft queries against the telemetry corpus, run them across millions of browsers, and triage the results — searching for techniques that haven't triggered any existing alert or rule. ",{"data":28567,"content":28568,"nodeType":866},{},[28569,28572,28580],{"data":28570,"marks":28571,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28573,"content":28574,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6477},[28575],{"data":28576,"marks":28577,"value":28579,"nodeType":865},{},[28578],{"type":943},"InstallFix discovery",{"data":28581,"marks":28582,"value":28583,"nodeType":865},{},[]," described in the original agentic threat hunting article is the clearest example: The Push pipeline surfaced 12 meaningful results from trillions of browser events, and one of them was a novel attack technique. That's threat hunting at machine scale, not just alert triage.",{"data":28585,"content":28586,"nodeType":1317},{},[28587],{"data":28588,"marks":28589,"value":28590,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Not just analysis, but new detections, too",{"data":28592,"content":28593,"nodeType":866},{},[28594],{"data":28595,"marks":28596,"value":28597,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, the output isn’t (only) a natural-language summary of what the agents found. It’s a production detection rule that ships to every Push customer and wires into real-time enforcement controls defined by Push admins. ",{"data":28599,"content":28600,"nodeType":866},{},[28601],{"data":28602,"marks":28603,"value":28604,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The pipeline's job isn’t to help you understand an alert faster. Rather, it’s producing detection rules that didn't exist before at a speed that enables those detections to address emerging attack techniques and organization-specific campaigns within minutes.",{"data":28606,"content":28607,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":28609,"content":28610,"nodeType":981},{},[28611],{"data":28612,"marks":28613,"value":28614,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Agentic threat hunting as core product infrastructure",{"data":28616,"content":28617,"nodeType":866},{},[28618],{"data":28619,"marks":28620,"value":28621,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The nice thing about commercially available AI models is that they’re really good at understanding web code. That arcane Javascript function you’d have to look up in the docs? They recognize it immediately. That makes them perfectly suited to provide domain knowledge that can be harnessed with the right security expertise.",{"data":28623,"content":28624,"nodeType":866},{},[28625],{"data":28626,"marks":28627,"value":28628,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using commercial models in our agentic detection pipeline then becomes a force multiplier for our research team’s understanding of TTPs — not a security engine in and of itself.",{"data":28630,"content":28631,"nodeType":866},{},[28632],{"data":28633,"marks":28634,"value":28635,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The four core components of our agentic pipeline can’t be replaced by using the same models we do, because the value is not in the models, but in the product infrastructure, product telemetry, and research expertise those models capitalize on.",{"data":28637,"content":28641,"nodeType":912},{"target":28638},{"sys":28639},{"id":28640,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7oif7PEEC3UMoTqVfRz3ZJ",[],{"data":28643,"content":28644,"nodeType":1317},{},[28645],{"data":28646,"marks":28647,"value":28648,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Component 1: The flight recorder",{"data":28650,"content":28651,"nodeType":866},{},[28652],{"data":28653,"marks":28654,"value":28655,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We deploy as a browser extension — not a separate browser, a proxy or an endpoint agent — which means we sit inside the browser session itself, seeing what the user sees. ",{"data":28657,"content":28658,"nodeType":866},{},[28659],{"data":28660,"marks":28661,"value":28662,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A component of the extension acts as a flight recorder, collecting and locally storing browser-level metadata: DOM elements, tab context, script execution, network traffic, user actions, credential entry, and more. This body of structured browser event metadata is the searchable landscape for every hunt.",{"data":28664,"content":28665,"nodeType":866},{},[28666],{"data":28667,"marks":28668,"value":28669,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That's a data source most security teams have never had access to. You can't get it from an endpoint agent, a network proxy, or a cloud access log, because it doesn't exist outside the browser session. Turns out, it matters more than the model itself: When the model has this full browser context — the DOM, redirect chains, user behavior — it can reason about what happened. When it has to start guessing at those details, it starts hallucinating.",{"data":28671,"content":28675,"nodeType":912},{"target":28672},{"sys":28673},{"id":28674,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6qs9xZvmKlVXOLVhFfMVFx",[],{"data":28677,"content":28678,"nodeType":1317},{},[28679],{"data":28680,"marks":28681,"value":28682,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Component 2: The internal knowledge base",{"data":28684,"content":28685,"nodeType":866},{},[28686],{"data":28687,"marks":28688,"value":28689,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we mentioned earlier, commercial LLMs understand web code exceedingly well. What they don’t know is which patterns in that code indicate a credential-harvesting AiTM kit versus a legitimate login page, or which redirect behavior signals an InstallFix lure versus a normal marketing funnel.",{"data":28691,"content":28692,"nodeType":866},{},[28693],{"data":28694,"marks":28695,"value":28696,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That distinction comes from our internal knowledge base — years of TTP analysis, curated libraries of traces from real phishing kits encountered in the wild, and hunt parameters refined through hundreds of investigations led by our experienced human research team. ",{"data":28698,"content":28699,"nodeType":866},{},[28700],{"data":28701,"marks":28702,"value":28703,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This knowledge base also reflects a deliberate architectural choice. ",{"data":28705,"content":28706,"nodeType":6348},{},[28707],{"data":28708,"content":28709,"nodeType":866},{},[28710,28713,28719,28722],{"data":28711,"marks":28712,"value":6330,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28714,"content":28715,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6333},[28716],{"data":28717,"marks":28718,"value":6338,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28720,"marks":28721,"value":6342,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28723,"marks":28724,"value":6347,"nodeType":865},{},[28725],{"type":898},{"data":28727,"content":28728,"nodeType":866},{},[28729],{"data":28730,"marks":28731,"value":28732,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our knowledge base encodes behavioral patterns and TTP signatures instead, which means detections remain effective even as infrastructure rotates underneath them.",{"data":28734,"content":28735,"nodeType":866},{},[28736],{"data":28737,"marks":28738,"value":28739,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've also learned that even high-quality security data isn’t AI-ready out of the box. Structuring data and knowledge for agent consumption requires dedicated engineering. ",{"data":28741,"content":28742,"nodeType":866},{},[28743],{"data":28744,"marks":28745,"value":28746,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our researchers have spent that time identifying, naming, and documenting browser-based attack techniques and encoding that knowledge into a format that agents can operationalize and extend.",{"data":28748,"content":28749,"nodeType":1317},{},[28750],{"data":28751,"marks":28752,"value":28753,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Component 3: The thoughtfully organized agents",{"data":28755,"content":28756,"nodeType":866},{},[28757,28761,28766],{"data":28758,"marks":28759,"value":28760,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The engineering challenge isn't getting a model to analyze one browser event — it's keeping it reliable across thousands of events. If you fill a context window with too much data and the model loses the ability to discern signal from noise, you get something called ",{"data":28762,"marks":28763,"value":28765,"nodeType":865},{},[28764],{"type":926},"context rot",{"data":28767,"marks":28768,"value":28769,"nodeType":865},{},[],". That's been our primary engineering focus over the last quarter: not making agents objectively smarter, but keeping them focused to improve their outputs.",{"data":28771,"content":28772,"nodeType":866},{},[28773],{"data":28774,"marks":28775,"value":28776,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our solution is hierarchy. A hunting agent oversees the overall hunt — it understands the query and knows what it's looking for. It dispatches an army of analysis agents, each picking up a single result trace, the term we use for a series of events in a session or tab context. ",{"data":28778,"content":28779,"nodeType":866},{},[28780],{"data":28781,"marks":28782,"value":28783,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But even a single trace can contain thousands of events, so each analysis agent breaks it down into blocks, analyzes and summarizes each one, looks for connections between them, and then bubbles up only the interesting signal. Layer by layer, the context narrows until what reaches the top is workable.",{"data":28785,"content":28786,"nodeType":866},{},[28787],{"data":28788,"marks":28789,"value":28790,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Different agents handle hypothesis generation, query crafting, triage, deep investigation, detection authoring, and meta-analysis for quality control. We back-test detections against real data before they ship. This segmentation and hierarchy took significant trial and error — you can swap out almost any individual model in the chain, but the hierarchy itself is the thing that ultimately makes it work.",{"data":28792,"content":28793,"nodeType":866},{},[28794],{"data":28795,"marks":28796,"value":28797,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The consensus coming out of RSAC this year reinforces this approach. The industry's focus has shifted from “which model is the best?” to “how do we build reliable systems around these models?” ",{"data":28799,"content":28803,"nodeType":912},{"target":28800},{"sys":28801},{"id":28802,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4cXhgVflbtxiKs604aemSt",[],{"data":28805,"content":28806,"nodeType":1317},{},[28807],{"data":28808,"marks":28809,"value":28810,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Component 4: The response engine",{"data":28812,"content":28813,"nodeType":866},{},[28814],{"data":28815,"marks":28816,"value":28817,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, a hunt without a response you can operationalize is just a report. When our agents identify a new technique, the detection they write feeds directly into the same platform that enforces real-time controls in the browser: blocking credential entry on phishing pages, intercepting clipboard injection attacks, warning users during suspicious OAuth consent flows, etc.",{"data":28819,"content":28820,"nodeType":866},{},[28821],{"data":28822,"marks":28823,"value":28824,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detection and response share the same infrastructure, which means a new technique can go seamlessly from hunt analysis to production enforcement.",{"data":28826,"content":28830,"nodeType":912},{"target":28827},{"sys":28828},{"id":28829,"type":909,"linkType":910},"vIrkHJ4ec1I41nXeRHfT2",[],{"data":28832,"content":28833,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":28835,"content":28836,"nodeType":981},{},[28837],{"data":28838,"marks":28839,"value":28840,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about Push and how we develop new detections",{"data":28842,"content":28843,"nodeType":866},{},[28844,28848,28855],{"data":28845,"marks":28846,"value":28847,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For a deeper look at how the pipeline works in practice, including a step-by-step walkthrough of how we discovered a novel InstallFix attack targeting NotebookLM users, the two-loop detection architecture that creates a compounding effect for customers, and the emerging best practices we've identified for using AI agents in security operations, check out our companion article: ",{"data":28849,"content":28850,"nodeType":889},{"uri":28349},[28851],{"data":28852,"marks":28853,"value":28854,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Can AI replace a threat researcher? 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When Context.ai was compromised — ",{"data":31700,"content":31702,"nodeType":889},{"uri":31701},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/breaking-vercel-breach-linked-to-infostealer-infection-at-context-ai/",[31703],{"data":31704,"marks":31705,"value":31707,"nodeType":865},{},[31706],{"type":943},"allegedly the result of an infostealer infection from an employee searching for Roblox cheats",{"data":31709,"marks":31710,"value":31711,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — the attacker was able to leverage OAuth tokens stored in Context.ai’s Supabase platform to access downstream customer accounts (pointing to a heavily permissioned victim, probably a developer, possibly even a ",{"data":31713,"content":31714,"nodeType":889},{"uri":26390},[31715],{"data":31716,"marks":31717,"value":31719,"nodeType":865},{},[31718],{"type":943},"personal device with access to corp credentials",{"data":31721,"marks":31722,"value":31723,"nodeType":865},{},[],"). ",{"data":31725,"content":31726,"nodeType":866},{},[31727],{"data":31728,"marks":31729,"value":31730,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This access included a Vercel employee’s Google Workspace account. This particular user had significant access to data and secrets in Vercel’s systems, including internal dashboards, employee records, API keys, NPM tokens, and GitHub tokens, which the attacker was able to exfiltrate, holding Vercel to ransom for $2 million. ",{"data":31732,"content":31736,"nodeType":912},{"target":31733},{"sys":31734},{"id":31735,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6Ft8aSnzfYVZ7j57mYeXgQ",[],{"data":31738,"content":31739,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":31741,"content":31742,"nodeType":981},{},[31743],{"data":31744,"marks":31745,"value":31747,"nodeType":865},{},[31746],{"type":926},"How did this happen, and what could have stopped it?",{"data":31749,"content":31750,"nodeType":866},{},[31751],{"data":31752,"marks":31753,"value":31754,"nodeType":865},{},[],"From Vercel’s perspective, this attack could have been avoided had their employees been blocked from adding new OAuth integrations without admin approval (a toggle in their Google admin panel, and an essential control in a well-configured environment). Or, if the integration had been flagged in a routine audit and removed. ",{"data":31756,"content":31760,"nodeType":912},{"target":31757},{"sys":31758},{"id":31759,"type":909,"linkType":910},"b5HFvY1m6RnuXL3a95jVt",[],{"data":31762,"content":31763,"nodeType":866},{},[31764,31768,31776],{"data":31765,"marks":31766,"value":31767,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It probably should have been removed, too. The particular OAuth app that was connected into the environment was a deprecated “AI Office Suite” product intended for consumer use. ",{"data":31769,"content":31771,"nodeType":889},{"uri":31770},"https://context.ai/security-update",[31772],{"data":31773,"marks":31774,"value":31775,"nodeType":865},{},[],"According to Context.ai",{"data":31777,"marks":31778,"value":31779,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Vercel aren’t even a registered customer — adding more evidence that this was probably the result of a self-service trial that was subsequently forgotten about. That consumer product has also since been replaced by an enterprise product. But for whatever reason, the access hadn’t been revoked (from either side). ",{"data":31781,"content":31782,"nodeType":866},{},[31783],{"data":31784,"marks":31785,"value":31786,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The elephant in the room is that Context.ai is an AI app. Most organizations are rightly nervous about employees adding unapproved AI SaaS into their environment. Having employees use shadow AI in the form of LLMs is one thing — users uploading sensitive data to unapproved apps or external tenants being the key concern. But OAuth grants are even more dangerous. Because if that app or vendor is compromised, the apps and accounts you’ve integrated it with are also at risk — which is what was exploited here. ",{"data":31788,"content":31789,"nodeType":1317},{},[31790],{"data":31791,"marks":31792,"value":31794,"nodeType":865},{},[31793],{"type":926},"Where’s the fault?",{"data":31796,"content":31797,"nodeType":866},{},[31798,31802,31811],{"data":31799,"marks":31800,"value":31801,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s easy to point fingers here. There are multiple control gaps and failures for both parties. Vercel should have disabled OAuth grants without admin approval, and regularly audited the connections in their environment. From a vendor's perspective, they could have also default applied a control that ",{"data":31803,"content":31805,"nodeType":889},{"uri":31804},"https://vercel.com/kb/bulletin/vercel-april-2026-security-incident",[31806],{"data":31807,"marks":31808,"value":31810,"nodeType":865},{},[31809],{"type":943},"prevents secret environment variables from being read",{"data":31812,"marks":31813,"value":31814,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — which would have significantly reduced the impact to Vercel customers from the data breach. ",{"data":31816,"content":31817,"nodeType":866},{},[31818,31822,31827],{"data":31819,"marks":31820,"value":31821,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Context.ai comes off worse. They could and should have had better separation of accounts and privileges — and if true, their users really shouldn’t be downloading Roblox scripts on devices they use for work access. It’s important to say ",{"data":31823,"marks":31824,"value":31826,"nodeType":865},{},[31825],{"type":898},"if true",{"data":31828,"marks":31829,"value":31830,"nodeType":865},{},[]," here, but the prospect of third parties accessing your environment from insecure devices that they use for gaming is the stuff of nightmares for enterprise security and compliance teams.",{"data":31832,"content":31833,"nodeType":866},{},[31834],{"data":31835,"marks":31836,"value":31837,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You definitely don’t want to be Context.ai in this scenario. The reputational harm could be pretty significant, and is a wake-up call for other SaaS vendors to check that their house is in order. But although Vercel have responded quickly and transparently to the incident, this could only really have happened as a result of technical and procedural control gaps on their end.",{"data":31839,"content":31840,"nodeType":866},{},[31841],{"data":31842,"marks":31843,"value":31844,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth taking a step back and looking at the bigger picture here — and how these issues might impact your organization too. ",{"data":31846,"content":31847,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":31849,"content":31850,"nodeType":981},{},[31851],{"data":31852,"marks":31853,"value":31855,"nodeType":865},{},[31854],{"type":926},"Shadow AI is still just shadow SaaS – but the AI scramble is a force multiplier",{"data":31857,"content":31858,"nodeType":866},{},[31859],{"data":31860,"marks":31861,"value":31862,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow IT, and in particular shadow SaaS, is not a new problem. Most organizations run heavily (or exclusively) on SaaS, accessed in the browser, with hundreds of apps per enterprise. Unmanaged, self-adopted apps have been a thorn in the side of security teams for some time. ",{"data":31864,"content":31865,"nodeType":866},{},[31866],{"data":31867,"marks":31868,"value":31869,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are essentially four kinds of shadow IT to be wary of in the context of AI apps:",{"data":31871,"content":31872,"nodeType":1616},{},[31873,31888,31903,31918],{"data":31874,"content":31875,"nodeType":1570},{},[31876],{"data":31877,"content":31878,"nodeType":866},{},[31879,31884],{"data":31880,"marks":31881,"value":31883,"nodeType":865},{},[31882],{"type":926},"Shadow apps:",{"data":31885,"marks":31886,"value":31887,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Apps that employees have signed up to and are using for business purposes without business approval. This includes apps signed up to with a corporate account or personal account. ",{"data":31889,"content":31890,"nodeType":1570},{},[31891],{"data":31892,"content":31893,"nodeType":866},{},[31894,31899],{"data":31895,"marks":31896,"value":31898,"nodeType":865},{},[31897],{"type":926},"Shadow tenants:",{"data":31900,"marks":31901,"value":31902,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Apps that employees are accessing with personal accounts, essentially creating shadow tenants outside of your organization’s control — even if you’ve approved the app itself.",{"data":31904,"content":31905,"nodeType":1570},{},[31906],{"data":31907,"content":31908,"nodeType":866},{},[31909,31914],{"data":31910,"marks":31911,"value":31913,"nodeType":865},{},[31912],{"type":926},"Shadow extensions:",{"data":31915,"marks":31916,"value":31917,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Many AI apps come with an extension counterpart, along with countless third-party extensions that are either untrustworthy or downright malicious. Browser extensions add another angle to the equation by presenting visibility beyond the application into browser activity. ",{"data":31919,"content":31920,"nodeType":1570},{},[31921],{"data":31922,"content":31923,"nodeType":866},{},[31924,31929],{"data":31925,"marks":31926,"value":31928,"nodeType":865},{},[31927],{"type":926},"Shadow integrations:",{"data":31930,"marks":31931,"value":31932,"nodeType":865},{},[]," OAuth connections across apps that aren’t known or approved. Even if an app itself is approved, plugging that app directly into your primary enterprise apps — with all the sensitive data and functionality therein — isn't necessarily also approved.  ",{"data":31934,"content":31935,"nodeType":866},{},[31936],{"data":31937,"marks":31938,"value":31939,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the Vercel case, we’re talking specifically about shadow integrations. But all of these present a key risk to your organization. ",{"data":31941,"content":31942,"nodeType":1317},{},[31943],{"data":31944,"marks":31945,"value":31947,"nodeType":865},{},[31946],{"type":926},"The web of OAuth sprawl spans way beyond Google and Microsoft ",{"data":31949,"content":31950,"nodeType":866},{},[31951,31956],{"data":31952,"marks":31953,"value":31955,"nodeType":865},{},[31954],{"type":926},"On average we see 17 unique AI app integrations per organization in Microsoft and Google alone",{"data":31957,"marks":31958,"value":31959,"nodeType":865},{},[],". If you consider that most organizations have probably approved 1 or 2 max for business use, and may have approved none at all for app-to-app OAuth connectivity, that’s quite a significant difference. ",{"data":31961,"content":31962,"nodeType":866},{},[31963],{"data":31964,"marks":31965,"value":31966,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The number of connections outside of these core platforms is significantly higher. Just think how the typical AI app operates. If you want it to be able to effectively automate workflows — pull data from one app, aggregate and analyze it in another, present that information in a report, dashboard, or presentation, and then distribute it — that’s a fair few integrations in just one workflow. MCP connections use OAuth to achieve this interconnectivity in the same way as any other SaaS app.",{"data":31968,"content":31969,"nodeType":866},{},[31970],{"data":31971,"marks":31972,"value":31973,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We used to talk about automation apps like Zapier as being a goldmine for attackers. Well, AI apps are on their way to being even more interconnected, more frequently used, and more flexible in terms of how attackers can abuse them. ",{"data":31975,"content":31979,"nodeType":912},{"target":31976},{"sys":31977},{"id":31978,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4FiWyVw7mpVBA5uBVJoOKL",[],{"data":31981,"content":31982,"nodeType":1317},{},[31983],{"data":31984,"marks":31985,"value":31987,"nodeType":865},{},[31986],{"type":926},"A note on OAuth configuration complexity",{"data":31989,"content":31990,"nodeType":866},{},[31991],{"data":31992,"marks":31993,"value":31994,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A common misconception is that when a regular user consents to an OAuth app (let's use Google Workspace as the example) the app only gets access to the things they can directly access. Technically that's true — the access is scoped to that user's permissions. But in practice, the blast radius is almost always bigger than people think.",{"data":31996,"content":31997,"nodeType":866},{},[31998],{"data":31999,"marks":32000,"value":32001,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The scope includes shared drives, shared calendars, documents shared with them, and any other collaborative resources. A single well-permissioned user (think: developer with access to secrets, dashboards, and internal tooling) is more than enough to cause serious damage through a single OAuth grant. ",{"data":32003,"content":32004,"nodeType":866},{},[32005],{"data":32006,"marks":32007,"value":32008,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The scopes themselves are often deceptively broad. An app requesting https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive gets full read/write access to everything the user can see in Drive — not just their personal files. And the blast radius is further contingent on the data and user permission hygiene in these broader environments. ",{"data":32010,"content":32011,"nodeType":866},{},[32012],{"data":32013,"marks":32014,"value":32015,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So if your environment hasn't got cleanly separated access and permissions for different users and groups, an attacker compromising a \"normal\" user account can end up with extensive access. You don't need tenant-wide admin access when a normal user's access already spans the crown jewels.",{"data":32017,"content":32021,"nodeType":912},{"target":32018},{"sys":32019},{"id":32020,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2t81AnAHx2On3fBynM4vVe",[],{"data":32023,"content":32024,"nodeType":1317},{},[32025],{"data":32026,"marks":32027,"value":32029,"nodeType":865},{},[32028],{"type":926},"Unsurprisingly, OAuth breaches are stacking up",{"data":32031,"content":32032,"nodeType":866},{},[32033],{"data":32034,"marks":32035,"value":32036,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Widespread OAuth interconnectedness isn’t just an AI app problem. Attackers have been exploiting this for some time:",{"data":32038,"content":32039,"nodeType":1616},{},[32040,32086],{"data":32041,"content":32042,"nodeType":1570},{},[32043],{"data":32044,"content":32045,"nodeType":866},{},[32046,32050,32057,32061,32069,32073,32082],{"data":32047,"marks":32048,"value":32049,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In 2025, ",{"data":32051,"content":32052,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10024},[32053],{"data":32054,"marks":32055,"value":10029,"nodeType":865},{},[32056],{"type":943},{"data":32058,"marks":32059,"value":32060,"nodeType":865},{},[]," launched OAuth-driven supply chain attacks against Salesforce and Google Workspace tenants after breaching Salesloft (specifically the ",{"data":32062,"content":32063,"nodeType":889},{"uri":17984},[32064],{"data":32065,"marks":32066,"value":32068,"nodeType":865},{},[32067],{"type":943},"Salesloft Drift",{"data":32070,"marks":32071,"value":32072,"nodeType":865},{},[]," platform) and ",{"data":32074,"content":32076,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32075},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/salesforce-investigates-customer-data-theft-via-gainsight-breach/",[32077],{"data":32078,"marks":32079,"value":32081,"nodeType":865},{},[32080],{"type":943},"Gainsight",{"data":32083,"marks":32084,"value":32085,"nodeType":865},{},[],". In total, over 1000 organizations were impacted, including Google, Cloudflare, Rubrik, Elastic, Proofpoint, JFrog, Zscaler, Tenable, Palo Alto Networks, CyberArk, BeyondTrust, Qualys, and many more, with over 1.5B records stolen. ",{"data":32087,"content":32088,"nodeType":1570},{},[32089],{"data":32090,"content":32091,"nodeType":866},{},[32092,32096,32105,32109,32118],{"data":32093,"marks":32094,"value":32095,"nodeType":865},{},[],"More recently, Snowflake customers were impacted after a ",{"data":32097,"content":32099,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32098},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/snowflake-customers-hit-in-data-theft-attacks-after-saas-integrator-breach/",[32100],{"data":32101,"marks":32102,"value":32104,"nodeType":865},{},[32103],{"type":943},"breach at data anomaly detection company Anodot",{"data":32106,"marks":32107,"value":32108,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where the attacker attempted to leverage the stolen authentication tokens to access Salesforce data, with ",{"data":32110,"content":32112,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32111},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/stolen-rockstar-games-analytics-data-leaked-by-extortion-gang/",[32113],{"data":32114,"marks":32115,"value":32117,"nodeType":865},{},[32116],{"type":943},"Rockstar",{"data":32119,"marks":32120,"value":32121,"nodeType":865},{},[]," a high-profile victim of the breach (again linked to Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters). ",{"data":32123,"content":32127,"nodeType":912},{"target":32124},{"sys":32125},{"id":32126,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3oqoL9L3fxetFcIhnfQhMQ",[],{"data":32129,"content":32130,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":32132,"content":32133,"nodeType":981},{},[32134],{"data":32135,"marks":32136,"value":32138,"nodeType":865},{},[32137],{"type":926},"Infostealers continue to drive corporate breaches",{"data":32140,"content":32141,"nodeType":866},{},[32142],{"data":32143,"marks":32144,"value":32145,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While unverified, Hudson Rock’s case for an infostealer breach being the root cause of the Context.ai breach seems believable. Infostealer infections have been one of the leading security threats for some time, fuelling breaches powered by stolen credentials and session tokens.",{"data":32147,"content":32148,"nodeType":866},{},[32149,32153,32158],{"data":32150,"marks":32151,"value":32152,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With the assumed rise in MFA coverage, it’s often surprising to security teams that stolen credentials are still a problem. ",{"data":32154,"marks":32155,"value":32157,"nodeType":865},{},[32156],{"type":926},"But of the last million logins we saw, 1 in 4 were password logins (not SSO), 2 in 5 were not protected by MFA, and 1 in 5 used a weak, breached, or reused password. ",{"data":32159,"marks":32160,"value":32161,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Plenty of scope for abuse. ",{"data":32163,"content":32164,"nodeType":866},{},[32165],{"data":32166,"marks":32167,"value":32168,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen session tokens are even more valuable to attackers, enabling them to bypass authentication controls by replaying the token in their own browser. In theory, they should only be valid for a limited timeframe, but in practice this can be as many as 90 days, and sometimes indefinite. ",{"data":32170,"content":32171,"nodeType":866},{},[32172],{"data":32173,"marks":32174,"value":32175,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this case, it seems likely that the compromised device was a developer machine (given the access to Supabase), or potentially even a personal device (given they were installing Roblox cheats…). This is relevant because these personal, developer, and BYOD machines are often less secure — developer machines are often exempt from EDR monitoring or significantly tuned-down (too noisy), while personal devices naturally lack enterprise security software.",{"data":32177,"content":32181,"nodeType":912},{"target":32178},{"sys":32179},{"id":32180,"type":909,"linkType":910},"139oaGgwRKZbwJzyex9LA5",[],{"data":32183,"content":32184,"nodeType":866},{},[32185,32189,32197],{"data":32186,"marks":32187,"value":32188,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve also seen an uptick in developer-oriented phishing and malvertising campaigns. The ",{"data":32190,"content":32191,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6477},[32192],{"data":32193,"marks":32194,"value":32196,"nodeType":865},{},[32195],{"type":943},"InstallFix campaign",{"data":32198,"marks":32199,"value":32200,"nodeType":865},{},[]," we identified, intercepting users as they attempt to install AI tools like Claude Code and NotebookLM, is an example of this — and also another way that attackers are capitalizing on AI hype. ",{"data":32202,"content":32203,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":32205,"content":32206,"nodeType":981},{},[32207],{"data":32208,"marks":32209,"value":7897,"nodeType":865},{},[32210],{"type":926},{"data":32212,"content":32213,"nodeType":866},{},[32214],{"data":32215,"marks":32216,"value":32217,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are some immediate next steps that we’ll quickly summarize here, as they've already been covered in wider reporting. If you’re a Vercel customer, you should urgently rotate every credential stored as a non-sensitive variable that could have been exposed, enable the sensitive variable feature toggle, and monitor your account for anomalous activity. And if you’re using the specific Context.ai integration, you need to revoke it ASAP and begin a full audit of the connected accounts, both inside Workspace and broader connected apps (this isn’t that easy, as we’ll highlight in a moment). ",{"data":32219,"content":32223,"nodeType":912},{"target":32220},{"sys":32221},{"id":32222,"type":909,"linkType":910},"76HViirkH2R4QAzWg605sv",[],{"data":32225,"content":32226,"nodeType":866},{},[32227,32231,32240],{"data":32228,"marks":32229,"value":32230,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Taking a step back, organizations really need to get their arms around OAuth integrations in their environment. A default-deny approach to allowing users to consent to new integrations, and routinely auditing the ones already in your environment to ensure they’re still definitely required, is essential. Each integration expands your attack surface and could potentially grant an attacker extensive access to your environment. This default-deny approach isn't exactly a new concept for security teams and is the same in principle as what we recently advised for ",{"data":32232,"content":32234,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32233},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-extension-management-guide/",[32235],{"data":32236,"marks":32237,"value":32239,"nodeType":865},{},[32238],{"type":943},"browser extension management",{"data":32241,"marks":32242,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32244,"content":32245,"nodeType":866},{},[32246],{"data":32247,"marks":32248,"value":32249,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is fairly straightforward in your main enterprise cloud environment (think M365 or Google Workspace). But doing it across every SaaS app that allows some level of OAuth integration with another (i.e. every SaaS app) is somewhat harder. Not only do you need to have a comprehensive and up-to-date inventory, you need to be an app admin for every app (not always the case for self-adopted apps) and the particular app needs to give you the control to restrict and remove OAuth grants on behalf of users in your tenant. ",{"data":32251,"content":32252,"nodeType":866},{},[32253],{"data":32254,"marks":32255,"value":32256,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Again, this is not exclusively a Shadow AI problem, even if AI adoption is contributing significantly to the sprawl. ",{"data":32258,"content":32262,"nodeType":912},{"target":32259},{"sys":32260},{"id":32261,"type":909,"linkType":910},"XKKHUiz56G82uwYhbv2Qv",[],{"data":32264,"content":32265,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":32267,"content":32268,"nodeType":981},{},[32269],{"data":32270,"marks":32271,"value":5445,"nodeType":865},{},[32272],{"type":926},{"data":32274,"content":32275,"nodeType":866},{},[32276],{"data":32277,"marks":32278,"value":32279,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we’ve established, there are quite a few pieces to this puzzle. Push can help with all of them. ",{"data":32281,"content":32282,"nodeType":866},{},[32283],{"data":32284,"marks":32285,"value":32286,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push observes every app login your employees make in their browser, building a comprehensive picture of SaaS and AI use across your organization. This includes how they’re logging in and how secure the login is: did it have MFA, what kind of MFA, was it using a weak or compromised password, did they use SSO, and so on. ",{"data":32288,"content":32292,"nodeType":912},{"target":32289},{"sys":32290},{"id":32291,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2B205bUaLm6vG8mIQ0rJvA",[],{"data":32294,"content":32295,"nodeType":866},{},[32296],{"data":32297,"marks":32298,"value":32299,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push also tracks OAuth integrations in your environment and gives you the ability to manage and remove them in core environments like M365 and Google Workspace, providing a single platform for you to view, manage, and secure app use across your organization. ",{"data":32301,"content":32305,"nodeType":912},{"target":32302},{"sys":32303},{"id":32304,"type":909,"linkType":910},"eEbdBUfyzZsdIOjFOXHpM",[],{"data":32307,"content":32311,"nodeType":912},{"target":32308},{"sys":32309},{"id":32310,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1MTFxfROuGKxnkHQwWHe8K",[],{"data":32313,"content":32314,"nodeType":866},{},[32315,32319,32324,32328,32333],{"data":32316,"marks":32317,"value":32318,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This makes it easy to surface both vulnerabilities and possible control gaps, and do something about them. But where Push really excels is in the ability to observe and block OAuth connection requests ",{"data":32320,"marks":32321,"value":32323,"nodeType":865},{},[32322],{"type":926},"even outside of your primary enterprise apps.",{"data":32325,"marks":32326,"value":32327,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Using Push, you can detect and block OAuth integration requests as they traverse the browser. This ",{"data":32329,"marks":32330,"value":32332,"nodeType":865},{},[32331],{"type":926},"app-agnostic",{"data":32334,"marks":32335,"value":32336,"nodeType":865},{},[]," level of control is absolutely critical to halting OAuth integration sprawl. ",{"data":32338,"content":32342,"nodeType":912},{"target":32339},{"sys":32340},{"id":32341,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2VZ4uw6MXslXME2ueydGuT",[],{"data":32344,"content":32345,"nodeType":1317},{},[32346,32350],{"data":32347,"marks":32348,"value":32349,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And t",{"data":32351,"marks":32352,"value":32354,"nodeType":865},{},[32353],{"type":926},"hat’s not all …",{"data":32356,"content":32357,"nodeType":866},{},[32358],{"data":32359,"marks":32360,"value":32361,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform also detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, device code phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking in real time. This includes the most prominent infostealer delivery vectors in terms of malvertising and *Fix-style attacks. Push analyzes every web page in every browser session and tab for threats, in real time, with no latency. ",{"data":32363,"content":32364,"nodeType":866},{},[32365],{"data":32366,"marks":32367,"value":32368,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But as we've established, you don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":32370,"content":32371,"nodeType":866},{},[32372,32375,32381,32384,32391,32394,32400],{"data":32373,"marks":32374,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32376,"content":32377,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[32378],{"data":32379,"marks":32380,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32382,"marks":32383,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32385,"content":32386,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13438},[32387],{"data":32388,"marks":32389,"value":22445,"nodeType":865},{},[32390],{"type":943},{"data":32392,"marks":32393,"value":13448,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32395,"content":32396,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[32397],{"data":32398,"marks":32399,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32401,"marks":32402,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unpacking the Vercel breach: A cautionary tale for Shadow AI and OAuth sprawl","In April 2026, Vercel was compromised via an OAuth app integrated into their Google Workspace tenant stemming from a compromised third-party AI SaaS provider.","2026-04-23T00:00:00.000Z","unpacking-the-vercel-breach",{"items":32408},[32409,32411],{"sys":32410,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":32412,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":32414},[32415],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":32416},{"url":6570},{"__typename":1429,"sys":32418,"content":32420,"title":33322,"synopsis":33323,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":33324,"slug":33325,"tagsCollection":33326,"authorsCollection":33332},{"id":32419},"10hUzI9iiY8fFtmlA0M9Ne",{"json":32421},{"data":32422,"content":32423,"nodeType":1382},{},[32424,32431,32437,32456,32459,32467,32474,32481,32484,32492,32499,32670,32677,32684,32687,32695,32702,32709,32716,32723,32726,32734,32753,32760,32768,32775,32920,32938,32946,32953,33088,33107,33113,33116,33124,33131,33138,33145,33148,33156,33196,33227,33234,33240,33243,33250,33257,33264,33271,33274,33282,33289],{"data":32425,"content":32426,"nodeType":866},{},[32427],{"data":32428,"marks":32429,"value":32430,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the morning of March 11, employees at Stryker Corporation offices across 79 countries turned on their laptops and found them wiped and unusable. Personal phones enrolled in the company's BYOD program had been factory reset overnight, taking photos, banking apps, and authenticator tokens with them. Login pages had also been defaced with the logo of Handala, a persona operated by Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS).",{"data":32432,"content":32436,"nodeType":912},{"target":32433},{"sys":32434},{"id":32435,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6JtlGFq0RDoW9g6zyAcPvn",[],{"data":32438,"content":32439,"nodeType":866},{},[32440,32444,32452],{"data":32441,"marks":32442,"value":32443,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In a break from the standard Handala playbook, there was no ransomware, no malware, and no exploit chain. The attacker ",{"data":32445,"content":32447,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32446},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/stryker-attack-wiped-tens-of-thousands-of-devices-no-malware-needed/",[32448],{"data":32449,"marks":32450,"value":32451,"nodeType":865},{},[],"simply logged into Microsoft Intune",{"data":32453,"marks":32454,"value":32455,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with compromised Global Administrator credentials, abused a legitimate feature, and wiped over 80,000 systems, servers, and mobile devices.",{"data":32457,"content":32458,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":32460,"content":32461,"nodeType":981},{},[32462],{"data":32463,"marks":32464,"value":32466,"nodeType":865},{},[32465],{"type":926},"What a Handala attack was supposed to look like",{"data":32468,"content":32469,"nodeType":866},{},[32470],{"data":32471,"marks":32472,"value":32473,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Handala has a reputation for being a manual, hands-on intrusion team whose TTPs have typically included VPN credential brute-force for initial access (hundreds of logon attempts from commercial VPN nodes), supply chain compromise via managed service providers, RDP as the primary lateral movement method, ADRecon for Active Directory enumeration, LSASS credential dumping via comsvcs.dll, and GPO logon scripts for wiper distribution.",{"data":32475,"content":32476,"nodeType":866},{},[32477],{"data":32478,"marks":32479,"value":32480,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you had invested in detection logic around Handala's documented toolkit (BiBi Wiper file extensions, Cl Wiper's EldoS RawDisk driver calls, No-Justice partition table manipulation, Karma Shell's Base64-with-XOR web shell patterns) none of it would have fired. Wiper malware signatures, web shell indicators, RawDisk driver loading, MBR/GPT manipulation, SharePoint exploitation patterns, anomalous RDP/SMB lateral movement: all reasonable detection priorities given the group's threat intelligence profile, but all irrelevant when it mattered most.",{"data":32482,"content":32483,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":32485,"content":32486,"nodeType":981},{},[32487],{"data":32488,"marks":32489,"value":32491,"nodeType":865},{},[32490],{"type":926},"What Handala actually did",{"data":32493,"content":32494,"nodeType":866},{},[32495],{"data":32496,"marks":32497,"value":32498,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Stryker attack departs from the documented baseline across the kill chain.",{"data":32500,"content":32501,"nodeType":2927},{},[32502,32538,32571,32604,32637],{"data":32503,"content":32504,"nodeType":2400},{},[32505,32516,32527],{"data":32506,"content":32507,"nodeType":7250},{},[32508],{"data":32509,"content":32510,"nodeType":866},{},[32511],{"data":32512,"marks":32513,"value":32515,"nodeType":865},{},[32514],{"type":926},"Kill chain phase",{"data":32517,"content":32518,"nodeType":7250},{},[32519],{"data":32520,"content":32521,"nodeType":866},{},[32522],{"data":32523,"marks":32524,"value":32526,"nodeType":865},{},[32525],{"type":926},"Historical TTP",{"data":32528,"content":32529,"nodeType":7250},{},[32530],{"data":32531,"content":32532,"nodeType":866},{},[32533],{"data":32534,"marks":32535,"value":32537,"nodeType":865},{},[32536],{"type":926},"Stryker TTP",{"data":32539,"content":32540,"nodeType":2400},{},[32541,32551,32561],{"data":32542,"content":32543,"nodeType":2366},{},[32544],{"data":32545,"content":32546,"nodeType":866},{},[32547],{"data":32548,"marks":32549,"value":32550,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Initial access",{"data":32552,"content":32553,"nodeType":2366},{},[32554],{"data":32555,"content":32556,"nodeType":866},{},[32557],{"data":32558,"marks":32559,"value":32560,"nodeType":865},{},[],"VPN credential brute-force, supply chain compromise of managed service providers and IT vendors, spearphishing with wiper delivery, exploitation of SharePoint and Windows server vulnerabilities",{"data":32562,"content":32563,"nodeType":2366},{},[32564],{"data":32565,"content":32566,"nodeType":866},{},[32567],{"data":32568,"marks":32569,"value":32570,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity compromise targeting Microsoft Entra ID",{"data":32572,"content":32573,"nodeType":2400},{},[32574,32584,32594],{"data":32575,"content":32576,"nodeType":2366},{},[32577],{"data":32578,"content":32579,"nodeType":866},{},[32580],{"data":32581,"marks":32582,"value":32583,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Persistence",{"data":32585,"content":32586,"nodeType":2366},{},[32587],{"data":32588,"content":32589,"nodeType":866},{},[32590],{"data":32591,"marks":32592,"value":32593,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Web shells (Karma Shell, reGeorg)",{"data":32595,"content":32596,"nodeType":2366},{},[32597],{"data":32598,"content":32599,"nodeType":866},{},[32600],{"data":32601,"marks":32602,"value":32603,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Global Administrator access to cloud tenant, no persistence mechanism needed",{"data":32605,"content":32606,"nodeType":2400},{},[32607,32617,32627],{"data":32608,"content":32609,"nodeType":2366},{},[32610],{"data":32611,"content":32612,"nodeType":866},{},[32613],{"data":32614,"marks":32615,"value":32616,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Lateral movement",{"data":32618,"content":32619,"nodeType":2366},{},[32620],{"data":32621,"content":32622,"nodeType":866},{},[32623],{"data":32624,"marks":32625,"value":32626,"nodeType":865},{},[],"RDP, SMB, FTP, Mimikatz",{"data":32628,"content":32629,"nodeType":2366},{},[32630],{"data":32631,"content":32632,"nodeType":866},{},[32633],{"data":32634,"marks":32635,"value":32636,"nodeType":865},{},[],"None required, Intune console provides global reach from a single session",{"data":32638,"content":32639,"nodeType":2400},{},[32640,32650,32660],{"data":32641,"content":32642,"nodeType":2366},{},[32643],{"data":32644,"content":32645,"nodeType":866},{},[32646],{"data":32647,"marks":32648,"value":32649,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Impact",{"data":32651,"content":32652,"nodeType":2366},{},[32653],{"data":32654,"content":32655,"nodeType":866},{},[32656],{"data":32657,"marks":32658,"value":32659,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Custom wiper malware (BiBi, Cl Wiper, No-Justice, Hatef)",{"data":32661,"content":32662,"nodeType":2366},{},[32663],{"data":32664,"content":32665,"nodeType":866},{},[32666],{"data":32667,"marks":32668,"value":32669,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft Intune Remote Wipe, a legitimate built-in administrative feature",{"data":32671,"content":32672,"nodeType":866},{},[32673],{"data":32674,"marks":32675,"value":32676,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An organization with detections built around malware signatures, file system manipulation, and anomalous process execution would be unprepared for an attack with zero malware artifacts, where every action was a legitimate administrative command.",{"data":32678,"content":32679,"nodeType":866},{},[32680],{"data":32681,"marks":32682,"value":32683,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But while the methods were different, the core objective — mass destruction of data — is entirely consistent with previous campaigns, just through a legitimate management plane rather than custom malware.",{"data":32685,"content":32686,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":32688,"content":32689,"nodeType":981},{},[32690],{"data":32691,"marks":32692,"value":32694,"nodeType":865},{},[32693],{"type":926},"The kill chain looks different now",{"data":32696,"content":32697,"nodeType":866},{},[32698],{"data":32699,"marks":32700,"value":32701,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack path was devastatingly simple. It didn't require lateral movement because there was nothing to move laterally through. It didn't require privilege escalation because they directly compromised a global administrator account. Every device managed by Intune was already within reach.",{"data":32703,"content":32704,"nodeType":866},{},[32705],{"data":32706,"marks":32707,"value":32708,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The traditional network-centric kill chain collapses into: compromise identity, access management plane, execute objective.",{"data":32710,"content":32711,"nodeType":866},{},[32712],{"data":32713,"marks":32714,"value":32715,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is not specific to Iran-aligned actors. Russian groups are leveraging AITM phishing kits and abusing Microsoft 365 OAuth tokens via consent attacks. Scattered Spider built an operational model around social engineering and SSO account takeover. And now Handala has demonstrated that a nation-state destructive operation can be executed entirely by abusing legitimate enterprise tooling.",{"data":32717,"content":32718,"nodeType":866},{},[32719],{"data":32720,"marks":32721,"value":32722,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This kind of attack is more direct, faster to execute, and carries a significantly lower barrier to entry. You don't need custom malware and exploit development when you can log in using as-a-Service kits or partner with an access brokering specialist.",{"data":32724,"content":32725,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":32727,"content":32728,"nodeType":981},{},[32729],{"data":32730,"marks":32731,"value":32733,"nodeType":865},{},[32732],{"type":926},"The big picture of Iranian cyber TTPs",{"data":32735,"content":32736,"nodeType":866},{},[32737,32741,32749],{"data":32738,"marks":32739,"value":32740,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Iran's offensive cyber capability is split between two rival intelligence bureaucracies. The Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) runs groups like APT34, MuddyWater, Scarred Manticore, and Void Manticore (Handala), which tend toward long-dwell espionage and coordinated destructive operations, often using a ",{"data":32742,"content":32744,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32743},"https://research.checkpoint.com/2024/bad-karma-no-justice-void-manticore-destructive-activities-in-israel/",[32745],{"data":32746,"marks":32747,"value":32748,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documented dual-actor handoff model",{"data":32750,"marks":32751,"value":32752,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where Scarred Manticore conducts stealthy espionage before handing targets to Void Manticore (Handala) for destruction.",{"data":32754,"content":32755,"nodeType":866},{},[32756],{"data":32757,"marks":32758,"value":32759,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) runs a wider set of groups, including APT33/Peach Sandstorm, APT35/Charming Kitten, APT42, Tortoiseshell/Imperial Kitten, Cotton Sandstorm, and CyberAv3ngers. IRGC groups cover espionage, destructive attacks, influence operations, election interference, ICS targeting across U.S. water and wastewater facilities), and individual surveillance.",{"data":32761,"content":32762,"nodeType":1317},{},[32763],{"data":32764,"marks":32765,"value":32767,"nodeType":865},{},[32766],{"type":926},"IRGC groups have already shifted to identity-first TTPs",{"data":32769,"content":32770,"nodeType":866},{},[32771],{"data":32772,"marks":32773,"value":32774,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the IRGC side, the shift toward identity-centric operations is well-documented:",{"data":32776,"content":32777,"nodeType":1616},{},[32778,32829,32867,32894],{"data":32779,"content":32780,"nodeType":1570},{},[32781],{"data":32782,"content":32783,"nodeType":866},{},[32784,32789,32793,32801,32805,32813,32817,32825],{"data":32785,"marks":32786,"value":32788,"nodeType":865},{},[32787],{"type":926},"APT33/Peach Sandstorm",{"data":32790,"marks":32791,"value":32792,"nodeType":865},{},[]," shifted decisively toward credential-based initial access starting in early 2023, with Microsoft ",{"data":32794,"content":32796,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32795},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/09/14/peach-sandstorm-password-spray-campaigns-enable-intelligence-collection-at-high-value-targets/",[32797],{"data":32798,"marks":32799,"value":32800,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documenting",{"data":32802,"marks":32803,"value":32804,"nodeType":865},{},[]," large-scale password spray campaigns targeting thousands of organizations, ",{"data":32806,"content":32808,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32807},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/iranian-hackers-breach-defense-orgs-in-password-spray-attacks/",[32809],{"data":32810,"marks":32811,"value":32812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Golden SAML",{"data":32814,"marks":32815,"value":32816,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks for persistent cloud access, and the use of ",{"data":32818,"content":32820,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32819},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/08/28/peach-sandstorm-deploys-new-custom-tickler-malware-in-long-running-intelligence-gathering-operations/",[32821],{"data":32822,"marks":32823,"value":32824,"nodeType":865},{},[],"fraudulent Azure subscriptions",{"data":32826,"marks":32827,"value":32828,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for C2 infrastructure.",{"data":32830,"content":32831,"nodeType":1570},{},[32832],{"data":32833,"content":32834,"nodeType":866},{},[32835,32840,32843,32851,32855,32863],{"data":32836,"marks":32837,"value":32839,"nodeType":865},{},[32838],{"type":926},"APT42",{"data":32841,"marks":32842,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32844,"content":32846,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32845},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/untangling-iran-apt42-operations",[32847],{"data":32848,"marks":32849,"value":32850,"nodeType":865},{},[],"assessed by Mandiant to operate on behalf of the IRGC-IO, ",{"data":32852,"marks":32853,"value":32854,"nodeType":865},{},[],"has made credential harvesting and MFA bypass its core competency, operating almost entirely within cloud environments post-compromise and ",{"data":32856,"content":32858,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32857},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/apt42-charms-cons-compromises",[32859],{"data":32860,"marks":32861,"value":32862,"nodeType":865},{},[],"registering its own Microsoft Authenticator",{"data":32864,"marks":32865,"value":32866,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on compromised accounts for persistent access.",{"data":32868,"content":32869,"nodeType":1570},{},[32870],{"data":32871,"content":32872,"nodeType":866},{},[32873,32878,32882,32890],{"data":32874,"marks":32875,"value":32877,"nodeType":865},{},[32876],{"type":926},"APT35",{"data":32879,"marks":32880,"value":32881,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (aka Imperial Kitten/Tortoiseshell) was observed ",{"data":32883,"content":32885,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32884},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report?utm_medium=org",[32886],{"data":32887,"marks":32888,"value":32889,"nodeType":865},{},[],"targeting cloud identities in November 2025",{"data":32891,"marks":32892,"value":32893,"nodeType":865},{},[],", deploying the Evilginx2 AitM toolkit against Microsoft 365 users in Israel.",{"data":32895,"content":32896,"nodeType":1570},{},[32897],{"data":32898,"content":32899,"nodeType":866},{},[32900,32905,32909,32916],{"data":32901,"marks":32902,"value":32904,"nodeType":865},{},[32903],{"type":926},"CrustyKrill",{"data":32906,"marks":32907,"value":32908,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (TA455/Smoke Sandstorm) ",{"data":32910,"content":32911,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32884},[32912],{"data":32913,"marks":32914,"value":32915,"nodeType":865},{},[],"uses fake Google Meet and Microsoft Teams pages",{"data":32917,"marks":32918,"value":32919,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with a live operator intercepting 2FA codes in real time, alongside Azure Web Apps for C2.",{"data":32921,"content":32922,"nodeType":866},{},[32923,32926,32934],{"data":32924,"marks":32925,"value":995,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32927,"content":32929,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32928},"https://media.defense.gov/2024/Oct/16/2003565317/-1/-1/0/CSA-IRAN-CYBER-BRUTE-FORCE-CRITICAL-INFRASTRUCTURE-ORGS.PDF",[32930],{"data":32931,"marks":32932,"value":32933,"nodeType":865},{},[],"joint advisory from six nations",{"data":32935,"marks":32936,"value":32937,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (FBI, CISA, NSA, CSE, AFP, ASD, advisory AA24-290A, October 2024) confirmed the pattern at the government level, documenting Iranian actors using brute force, password spraying, and MFA push bombing to compromise critical infrastructure accounts since October 2023, and assessing that the actors sell this access on cybercriminal forums.",{"data":32939,"content":32940,"nodeType":1317},{},[32941],{"data":32942,"marks":32943,"value":32945,"nodeType":865},{},[32944],{"type":926},"MOIS groups are changing their approach too",{"data":32947,"content":32948,"nodeType":866},{},[32949],{"data":32950,"marks":32951,"value":32952,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the MOIS side, the documented TTP baseline has historically centred on custom malware, network-level persistence, and exploitation of on-premises infrastructure. But identity compromise, particularly credential theft, has been a consistent thread across broader MOIS groups too:",{"data":32954,"content":32955,"nodeType":1616},{},[32956,32995,33022,33073],{"data":32957,"content":32958,"nodeType":1570},{},[32959],{"data":32960,"content":32961,"nodeType":866},{},[32962,32967,32971,32979,32983,32991],{"data":32963,"marks":32964,"value":32966,"nodeType":865},{},[32965],{"type":926},"APT34 (OilRig) ",{"data":32968,"marks":32969,"value":32970,"nodeType":865},{},[],"built its reputation on DNS tunnelling and custom backdoors, but its initial access methods include spearphishing and fake VPN portals for credential harvesting. Its 2024 campaigns introduced ",{"data":32972,"content":32974,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32973},"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/j/earth-simnavaz-cyberattacks.html",[32975],{"data":32976,"marks":32977,"value":32978,"nodeType":865},{},[],"password filter DLLs",{"data":32980,"marks":32981,"value":32982,"nodeType":865},{},[]," registered at the domain controller level to intercept plaintext credentials during password change events, with the ",{"data":32984,"content":32986,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32985},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/oilrig-hackers-now-exploit-windows-flaw-to-elevate-privileges/",[32987],{"data":32988,"marks":32989,"value":32990,"nodeType":865},{},[],"STEALHOOK backdoor",{"data":32992,"marks":32993,"value":32994,"nodeType":865},{},[]," exfiltrating stolen domain credentials via compromised Exchange servers. Cloud-based downloaders leveraging OneDrive and Microsoft Graph API were active against Israeli targets from 2022 to 2024.",{"data":32996,"content":32997,"nodeType":1570},{},[32998],{"data":32999,"content":33000,"nodeType":866},{},[33001,33006,33010,33018],{"data":33002,"marks":33003,"value":33005,"nodeType":865},{},[33004],{"type":926},"APT39 (Chafer) ",{"data":33007,"marks":33008,"value":33009,"nodeType":865},{},[],"operated through the ",{"data":33011,"content":33013,"nodeType":889},{"uri":33012},"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1127",[33014],{"data":33015,"marks":33016,"value":33017,"nodeType":865},{},[],"sanctioned front company Rana Intelligence Computing",{"data":33019,"marks":33020,"value":33021,"nodeType":865},{},[],", focuses on surveillance and tracking of individuals, using credential harvesting through spoofed airline and telecom domains across 30+ countries.",{"data":33023,"content":33024,"nodeType":1570},{},[33025],{"data":33026,"content":33027,"nodeType":866},{},[33028,33033,33037,33045,33049,33057,33061,33069],{"data":33029,"marks":33030,"value":33032,"nodeType":865},{},[33031],{"type":926},"MuddyWater",{"data":33034,"marks":33035,"value":33036,"nodeType":865},{},[],", confirmed by a ",{"data":33038,"content":33040,"nodeType":889},{"uri":33039},"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-055a",[33041],{"data":33042,"marks":33043,"value":33044,"nodeType":865},{},[],"joint CISA/FBI/NSA/NCSC advisory",{"data":33046,"marks":33047,"value":33048,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as a subordinate element of MOIS, functions as an initial access broker within the ecosystem. Its operations rely on spearphishing and abuse of legitimate RMM tools, but the group has developed ",{"data":33050,"content":33052,"nodeType":889},{"uri":33051},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/iran-linked-hackers-hits-israeli_2.html",[33053],{"data":33054,"marks":33055,"value":33056,"nodeType":865},{},[],"dedicated credential stealers",{"data":33058,"marks":33059,"value":33060,"nodeType":865},{},[]," including CE-Notes (which bypasses Chrome's app-bound encryption), Blub (a multi-browser credential extractor), and LP-Notes (fake Windows Security dialogs to capture system credentials). A parallel campaign documented by ",{"data":33062,"content":33064,"nodeType":889},{"uri":33063},"https://www.group-ib.com/blog/muddywater-espionage/",[33065],{"data":33066,"marks":33067,"value":33068,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Group-IB",{"data":33070,"marks":33071,"value":33072,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found the group deploying a custom Chromium credential stealer alongside its Phoenix backdoor.",{"data":33074,"content":33075,"nodeType":1570},{},[33076],{"data":33077,"content":33078,"nodeType":866},{},[33079,33084],{"data":33080,"marks":33081,"value":33083,"nodeType":865},{},[33082],{"type":926},"Lyceum (Hexane)",{"data":33085,"marks":33086,"value":33087,"nodeType":865},{},[]," overlaps operationally with APT34 and uses password spraying and brute-force attacks for initial access, and notably probed Albanian government infrastructure ahead of Handala destructive attacks in 2022, illustrating the collaborative model across MOIS groups.",{"data":33089,"content":33090,"nodeType":866},{},[33091,33095,33103],{"data":33092,"marks":33093,"value":33094,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check Point has also ",{"data":33096,"content":33098,"nodeType":889},{"uri":33097},"https://research.checkpoint.com/2026/iranian-mois-actors-the-cyber-crime-connection/",[33099],{"data":33100,"marks":33101,"value":33102,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documented",{"data":33104,"marks":33105,"value":33106,"nodeType":865},{},[]," a broader pattern of MOIS actors engaging directly with the criminal ecosystem, including Handala's adoption of the Rhadamanthys commercial infostealer and Iranian-affiliated operators working through the Qilin ransomware-as-a-service infrastructure.",{"data":33108,"content":33112,"nodeType":912},{"target":33109},{"sys":33110},{"id":33111,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2SFtROFuPZ4SPTL87Vpjr9",[],{"data":33114,"content":33115,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":33117,"content":33118,"nodeType":981},{},[33119],{"data":33120,"marks":33121,"value":33123,"nodeType":865},{},[33122],{"type":926},"The problem with over-indexing on TTPs",{"data":33125,"content":33126,"nodeType":866},{},[33127],{"data":33128,"marks":33129,"value":33130,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Threat intelligence has real value. Attributing campaigns to named groups, mapping their techniques to MITRE ATT&CK, and generating detection rules gives defenders a meaningful starting point. The problem is treating a specific actor's historical TTP catalogue as the primary basis for detection logic, rather than combining it with the broader trends in attacker behaviour visible across the entire landscape.",{"data":33132,"content":33133,"nodeType":866},{},[33134],{"data":33135,"marks":33136,"value":33137,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Operators are creative and pragmatic. If the path of least resistance is a compromised admin credential and a legitimate MDM feature, no serious attacker is going to deploy custom wiper malware instead because that's what they used last time.",{"data":33139,"content":33140,"nodeType":866},{},[33141],{"data":33142,"marks":33143,"value":33144,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If your threat model says you're a plausible target for an Iranian threat group, and the trend data tells you that identity compromise is the most common initial access method across all actors, the rational response is to evaluate your controls aligned to identity-based initial access, not just deploy signatures for BiBi Wiper. When the specific actor profile crowds out the general trend data, you end up building defences against the last attack and leaving yourself exposed to the shift that every actor is going through.",{"data":33146,"content":33147,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":33149,"content":33150,"nodeType":981},{},[33151],{"data":33152,"marks":33153,"value":33155,"nodeType":865},{},[33154],{"type":926},"Evaluating the security guidance",{"data":33157,"content":33158,"nodeType":866},{},[33159,33163,33171,33175,33183,33187,33192],{"data":33160,"marks":33161,"value":33162,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the wake of the breach, industry guidance has settled around enforcing phishing-resistant MFA on privileged accounts, implementing just-in-time privilege activation via ",{"data":33164,"content":33166,"nodeType":889},{"uri":33165},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-governance/privileged-identity-management/pim-configure",[33167],{"data":33168,"marks":33169,"value":33170,"nodeType":865},{},[],"PIM",{"data":33172,"marks":33173,"value":33174,"nodeType":865},{},[],", enabling ",{"data":33176,"content":33178,"nodeType":889},{"uri":33177},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/intune/intune-service/fundamentals/multi-admin-approval",[33179],{"data":33180,"marks":33181,"value":33182,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Multi Admin Approval ",{"data":33184,"marks":33185,"value":33186,"nodeType":865},{},[],"for high-risk Intune operations, configuring anomaly alerting on bulk device actions, and segregating administrative identities from everyday user accounts. This is all sound advice, but these recommendations are designed to limit what an attacker can do ",{"data":33188,"marks":33189,"value":33191,"nodeType":865},{},[33190],{"type":898},"after",{"data":33193,"marks":33194,"value":33195,"nodeType":865},{},[]," an account has already been compromised — introducing friction, but not blocking them entirely.",{"data":33197,"content":33198,"nodeType":866},{},[33199,33203,33211,33215,33223],{"data":33200,"marks":33201,"value":33202,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The detection challenges compound this. Entra ID sign-in logs and ",{"data":33204,"content":33206,"nodeType":889},{"uri":33205},"https://www.a6n.co.uk/2025/11/tracking-device-wipes-in-microsoft.html",[33207],{"data":33208,"marks":33209,"value":33210,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Intune audit logs exist in separate systems",{"data":33212,"marks":33213,"value":33214,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with separate correlation IDs. Tracing a sign-in to a subsequent device action requires deliberate log integration that many organizations haven't implemented. The ",{"data":33216,"content":33218,"nodeType":889},{"uri":33217},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/intune/intune-service/fundamentals/monitor-audit-logs",[33219],{"data":33220,"marks":33221,"value":33222,"nodeType":865},{},[],"logs do record",{"data":33224,"marks":33225,"value":33226,"nodeType":865},{},[]," \"wipe ManagedDevice\" events, but may not be linked to real-time alerting. And the underlying action, Intune's Remote Wipe, is a legitimate feature used routinely in enterprise IT. Again, the attack could have succeeded even with these in place.",{"data":33228,"content":33229,"nodeType":866},{},[33230],{"data":33231,"marks":33232,"value":33233,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In a world where a compromised account can be rapidly exploited, it's vital to focus on improving detection and prevention as early as possible in the kill chain — combating initial access techniques themselves.",{"data":33235,"content":33239,"nodeType":912},{"target":33236},{"sys":33237},{"id":33238,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4H3AzW7q4QBv7pJawSqQBJ",[],{"data":33241,"content":33242,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":33244,"content":33245,"nodeType":981},{},[33246],{"data":33247,"marks":33248,"value":18520,"nodeType":865},{},[33249],{"type":926},{"data":33251,"content":33252,"nodeType":866},{},[33253],{"data":33254,"marks":33255,"value":33256,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Stryker attack reflects what attackers everywhere — from financially motivated criminal groups to more destructive nation-state operators — are already doing. Identity-based initial access, abuse of legitimate tools and services, and living-off-the-land execution are the current standard operating procedure.",{"data":33258,"content":33259,"nodeType":866},{},[33260],{"data":33261,"marks":33262,"value":33263,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even with a perfectly hardened environment, most public breaches today involve attackers hijacking SSO mechanisms to move into connected applications, exfiltrating data for resale or extortion, and in some cases leveraging cloud services and admin platforms to deploy ransomware (the Scattered Spider playbook of dropping ransomware via VMware management portal being a well-documented example).",{"data":33265,"content":33266,"nodeType":866},{},[33267],{"data":33268,"marks":33269,"value":33270,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The majority of attackers will have no interest in destructively wiping an Intune environment — that's difficult to monetize. But the techniques that enabled the Stryker wipe are the same as those that enable financially motivated breaches at scale, pointing to a challenge that extends well beyond Iran-nexus threat actors and MDM hardening.",{"data":33272,"content":33273,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":33275,"content":33276,"nodeType":981},{},[33277],{"data":33278,"marks":33279,"value":33281,"nodeType":865},{},[33280],{"type":926},"About Push Security",{"data":33283,"content":33284,"nodeType":866},{},[33285],{"data":33286,"marks":33287,"value":33288,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":33290,"content":33291,"nodeType":866},{},[33292,33295,33301,33304,33310,33313,33319],{"data":33293,"marks":33294,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":33296,"content":33297,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[33298],{"data":33299,"marks":33300,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":33302,"marks":33303,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":33305,"content":33306,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13438},[33307],{"data":33308,"marks":33309,"value":22445,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":33311,"marks":33312,"value":13448,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":33314,"content":33315,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[33316],{"data":33317,"marks":33318,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":33320,"marks":33321,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Stryker breach didn't match the playbook. That shouldn't be a surprise.","Analysing the Stryker breach in line with recent changes to the Iran-nexus cyber playbook.","2026-03-19T00:00:00.000Z","stryker-handala-report",{"items":33327},[33328,33330],{"sys":33329,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":33331,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":33333},[33334],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":33335},{"url":6570},"blog/the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help",{"json":33338},{"data":33339,"content":33340,"nodeType":1382},{},[33341],{"data":33342,"content":33343,"nodeType":866},{},[33344],{"data":33345,"marks":33346,"value":33347,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For most security teams, quantifying cyber risk means borrowing someone else's numbers. 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Combined with ",{"data":37160,"content":37162,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37161},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-slack-persistence/",[37163],{"data":37164,"marks":37165,"value":37167,"nodeType":865},{},[37166],{"type":943},"social engineering via Slack",{"data":37169,"marks":37170,"value":37171,"nodeType":865},{},[],", this was used to steal 750GB of data, including video game source code. ",{"data":37173,"content":37174,"nodeType":866},{},[37175],{"data":37176,"marks":37177,"value":37180,"nodeType":865},{},[37178,37179],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Nvidia (2022)",{"data":37182,"content":37183,"nodeType":866},{},[37184],{"data":37185,"marks":37186,"value":37187,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to steal 1TB of data from Nvidia’s internal shares, including a significant amount of sensitive information about the designs of Nvidia graphics cards, source code, and the usernames and passwords of more than 71,000 Nvidia employees.",{"data":37189,"content":37190,"nodeType":866},{},[37191],{"data":37192,"marks":37193,"value":37196,"nodeType":865},{},[37194,37195],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Microsoft (2022)",{"data":37198,"content":37199,"nodeType":866},{},[37200,37204,37212],{"data":37201,"marks":37202,"value":37203,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials combined with SIM swapping and ",{"data":37205,"content":37207,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37206},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_fatigue/description.md",[37208],{"data":37209,"marks":37210,"value":37211,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA fatigue",{"data":37213,"marks":37214,"value":37215,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks to steal Azure DevOps source code — leaked a 9GB archive of Microsoft source code – including ~90% of Bing and 45% of Cortana code. ",{"data":37217,"content":37218,"nodeType":866},{},[37219],{"data":37220,"marks":37221,"value":37224,"nodeType":865},{},[37222,37223],{"type":926},{"type":943},"T-Mobile (2022)",{"data":37226,"content":37227,"nodeType":866},{},[37228],{"data":37229,"marks":37230,"value":37231,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to establish initial access, coupled with social engineering T-Mobile staff into approving the attacker’s device for VPN access. This resulted in source code being stolen from over 30,000 repositories. ",{"data":37233,"content":37234,"nodeType":866},{},[37235],{"data":37236,"marks":37237,"value":37240,"nodeType":865},{},[37238,37239],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Snowflake (165 customers) (2024)",{"data":37242,"content":37243,"nodeType":866},{},[37244,37248,37256,37260,37268],{"data":37245,"marks":37246,"value":37247,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers targeted ",{"data":37249,"content":37250,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[37251],{"data":37252,"marks":37253,"value":37255,"nodeType":865},{},[37254],{"type":943},"165 Snowflake customers",{"data":37257,"marks":37258,"value":37259,"nodeType":865},{},[]," using stolen credentials from credential breaches dating back as far as 2020. Due to widespread MFA gaps and the presence of ",{"data":37261,"content":37263,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37262},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/ghost_logins/description.md",[37264],{"data":37265,"marks":37266,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[37267],{"type":943},{"data":37269,"marks":37270,"value":37271,"nodeType":865},{},[],", attackers were able to simply log in to individual customer tenants, dump the data, and use it to extort the companies. In total, 9 public victims were named following the breach, with over 1B breached customer records. ",{"data":37273,"content":37274,"nodeType":866},{},[37275],{"data":37276,"marks":37277,"value":37280,"nodeType":865},{},[37278,37279],{"type":926},{"type":943},"PowerSchool (2024)",{"data":37282,"content":37283,"nodeType":866},{},[37284],{"data":37285,"marks":37286,"value":37287,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers gained access to a community-focused customer support portal, PowerSource, using compromised credentials and stole data using an \"export data manager\" customer support tool, stealing the data of 62.4 million students and 9.5 million teachers. PowerSchool paid an undisclosed ransom fee, but hackers returned later to extort schools and individuals separately anyway.",{"data":37289,"content":37290,"nodeType":866},{},[37291],{"data":37292,"marks":37293,"value":37296,"nodeType":865},{},[37294,37295],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Red Hat (2025)",{"data":37298,"content":37299,"nodeType":866},{},[37300,37304,37311],{"data":37301,"marks":37302,"value":37303,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers breached Red Hat’s GitLab instance via a compromised account — the result of ",{"data":37305,"content":37306,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37262},[37307],{"data":37308,"marks":37309,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[37310],{"type":943},{"data":37312,"marks":37313,"value":37314,"nodeType":865},{},[]," providing a backdoor to access an otherwise secure, SSO-connected account. Stolen data included approximately 800 Customer Engagement Reports (CERs), authentication tokens, full database URIs, and other private information in Red Hat code and CERs, which they claimed to use to gain access to downstream customer infrastructure. ",{"data":37316,"content":37320,"nodeType":912},{"target":37317},{"sys":37318},{"id":37319,"type":909,"linkType":910},"G1V7d5Dvevmr9p0YXElPX",[],{"data":37322,"content":37323,"nodeType":866},{},[37324],{"data":37325,"marks":37326,"value":37329,"nodeType":865},{},[37327,37328],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Discord (2025)",{"data":37331,"content":37332,"nodeType":866},{},[37333],{"data":37334,"marks":37335,"value":37336,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Zendesk customer support account, stealing 1.6TB of data. The hackers say this consisted of roughly 8.4 million tickets affecting 5.5 million unique users, and that about 580,000 users contained payment information.",{"data":37338,"content":37339,"nodeType":866},{},[37340],{"data":37341,"marks":37342,"value":37345,"nodeType":865},{},[37343,37344],{"type":926},{"type":943},"SoundCloud, MatchGroup, Crunchbase, Betterment... (2026)",{"data":37347,"content":37348,"nodeType":866},{},[37349,37353,37361,37364,37372,37376,37383],{"data":37350,"marks":37351,"value":37352,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters have already claimed several public victims in 2026, with over 60 million breached records. ",{"data":37354,"content":37356,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37355},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claim-to-be-behind-sso-account-data-theft-attacks/",[37357],{"data":37358,"marks":37359,"value":37360,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SoundCloud, Betterment, Crunchbase",{"data":37362,"marks":37363,"value":6889,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":37365,"content":37367,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37366},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/match-group-breach-exposes-data-from-hinge-tinder-okcupid-and-match/",[37368],{"data":37369,"marks":37370,"value":37371,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MatchGroup",{"data":37373,"marks":37374,"value":37375,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have all reported breaches this month, powered by a brand ",{"data":37377,"content":37378,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10046},[37379],{"data":37380,"marks":37381,"value":37382,"nodeType":865},{},[],"new real-time-operated AiTM phishing kit",{"data":37384,"marks":37385,"value":37386,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeting Okta, Entra, and Google SSO accounts. This is a developing situation, with more victims expected to be announced publicly soon.",{"data":37388,"content":37389,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":37391,"content":37392,"nodeType":1317},{},[37393],{"data":37394,"marks":37395,"value":37397,"nodeType":865},{},[37396],{"type":926},"Vishing and help desk scams",{"data":37399,"content":37400,"nodeType":866},{},[37401],{"data":37402,"marks":37403,"value":37406,"nodeType":865},{},[37404,37405],{"type":926},{"type":943},"MGM Resorts & Caesars (2023)",{"data":37408,"content":37409,"nodeType":866},{},[37410,37414,37423],{"data":37411,"marks":37412,"value":37413,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MGM Resorts and Caesars were hit with twin breaches in 2023. Attackers socially engineered help desk personnel to take over accounts with Super Administrator privileges within MGM Resorts’ Okta tenant, which they then used to register a second, attacker-controlled IdP via ",{"data":37415,"content":37417,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37416},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/inbound_federation/description.md",[37418],{"data":37419,"marks":37420,"value":37422,"nodeType":865},{},[37421],{"type":943},"inbound federation",{"data":37424,"marks":37425,"value":37426,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — granting comprehensive access that was used to deploy ransomware. ",{"data":37428,"content":37429,"nodeType":866},{},[37430],{"data":37431,"marks":37432,"value":37435,"nodeType":865},{},[37433,37434],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Transport for London (2024)",{"data":37437,"content":37438,"nodeType":866},{},[37439],{"data":37440,"marks":37441,"value":37442,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers socially engineered the Transport for London help desk to gain privileged access to the IT environment, resulting in prolonged disruption to key online services underpinning London’s public transport network, theft of 5,000 users bank details, and all 30,000 staff members having to reset their online credentials in person.",{"data":37444,"content":37445,"nodeType":866},{},[37446],{"data":37447,"marks":37448,"value":37451,"nodeType":865},{},[37449,37450],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Marks & Spencer (2025)",{"data":37453,"content":37454,"nodeType":866},{},[37455,37459,37468,37472,37481],{"data":37456,"marks":37457,"value":37458,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Microsoft Entra account belonging to a privileged user via a ",{"data":37460,"content":37462,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37461},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-spider-defending-against-help-desk-scams/",[37463],{"data":37464,"marks":37465,"value":37467,"nodeType":865},{},[37466],{"type":943},"help desk scam",{"data":37469,"marks":37470,"value":37471,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which enabled them to steal sensitive data from cloud environments, as well as pivot to deploy ransomware via the ",{"data":37473,"content":37475,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37474},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/vsphere-active-directory-integration-risks",[37476],{"data":37477,"marks":37478,"value":37480,"nodeType":865},{},[37479],{"type":943},"VMware admin console",{"data":37482,"marks":37483,"value":37484,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This enabled ransomware to be deployed at the hypervisor layer, evading host-based protections like EDR. ",{"data":37486,"content":37490,"nodeType":912},{"target":37487},{"sys":37488},{"id":37489,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7hBdHG74NaA3bQfOMpYA9o",[],{"data":37492,"content":37493,"nodeType":866},{},[37494],{"data":37495,"marks":37496,"value":37499,"nodeType":865},{},[37497,37498],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Jaguar Land Rover (2025)",{"data":37501,"content":37502,"nodeType":866},{},[37503],{"data":37504,"marks":37505,"value":37506,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers compromised highly privileged admin accounts via a help desk scam, which they leveraged to access and deploy ransomware to all aspects of Jaguar’s business, from CAD and engineering software, to payments tracking, to customer car delivery, using similar techniques to the Marks & Spencer breach. ",{"data":37508,"content":37512,"nodeType":912},{"target":37509},{"sys":37510},{"id":37511,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6s1X2fo4K9EeVLBmHm4YXb",[],{"data":37514,"content":37515,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":37517,"content":37518,"nodeType":1317},{},[37519],{"data":37520,"marks":37521,"value":694,"nodeType":865},{},[37522],{"type":926},{"data":37524,"content":37525,"nodeType":866},{},[37526],{"data":37527,"marks":37528,"value":37531,"nodeType":865},{},[37529,37530],{"type":926},{"type":943},"Salesforce & Salesloft (1000+ customers) (2025)",{"data":37533,"content":37534,"nodeType":866},{},[37535],{"data":37536,"marks":37537,"value":37538,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A vast campaign against Salesforce customers resulted in the compromise of 1000+ Salesforce tenants (according to the attacker) with more than 1.5 billion records stolen. This campaign can consisted of three phases:",{"data":37540,"content":37541,"nodeType":1616},{},[37542,37557,37572],{"data":37543,"content":37544,"nodeType":1570},{},[37545],{"data":37546,"content":37547,"nodeType":866},{},[37548,37553],{"data":37549,"marks":37550,"value":37552,"nodeType":865},{},[37551],{"type":926},"Phase 1:",{"data":37554,"marks":37555,"value":37556,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The attacker conducted a large-scale vishing campaign against Salesforce customers, calling up users and socially engineering them into connecting a malicious version of the “Data Loader” app into their tenant. This was in fact an attacker-controlled app that enabled data to be mass-exfiltrated via API. ",{"data":37558,"content":37559,"nodeType":1570},{},[37560],{"data":37561,"content":37562,"nodeType":866},{},[37563,37568],{"data":37564,"marks":37565,"value":37567,"nodeType":865},{},[37566],{"type":926},"Phase 2: ",{"data":37569,"marks":37570,"value":37571,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker conducted a supply-chain compromise against customers of Salesloft. Users of Salesloft’s “Drift” integration were impacted by attackers stealing access tokens from Salesloft’s AWS environment. This integration allowed the attacker to steal data from customers that had deployed Drift to connected environments — namely, Salesforce, and Google Workspace. ",{"data":37573,"content":37574,"nodeType":1570},{},[37575],{"data":37576,"content":37577,"nodeType":866},{},[37578,37583,37587,37594],{"data":37579,"marks":37580,"value":37582,"nodeType":865},{},[37581],{"type":926},"Phase 3:",{"data":37584,"marks":37585,"value":37586,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The attacker then conducted a separate supply-chain compromise involving Gainsight (allegedly using OAuth tokens stolen in the Salesloft attack) which enabled them to ",{"data":37588,"content":37589,"nodeType":889},{"uri":32075},[37590],{"data":37591,"marks":37592,"value":37593,"nodeType":865},{},[],"breach a further 285 Salesforce instances",{"data":37595,"marks":37596,"value":37597,"nodeType":865},{},[]," using stolen OAuth tokens from Gainsight's integrations. ",{"data":37599,"content":37603,"nodeType":912},{"target":37600},{"sys":37601},{"id":37602,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3TwjpVKQ42SwQRhvGFbZdn",[],{"data":37605,"content":37606,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":37608,"content":37609,"nodeType":1317},{},[37610],{"data":37611,"marks":37612,"value":699,"nodeType":865},{},[37613],{"type":926},{"data":37615,"content":37616,"nodeType":866},{},[37617],{"data":37618,"marks":37619,"value":37622,"nodeType":865},{},[37620,37621],{"type":926},{"type":943},"CyberHaven (2024)",{"data":37624,"content":37625,"nodeType":866},{},[37626],{"data":37627,"marks":37628,"value":37629,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hackers phished a CyberHaven extension developer and uploaded a malicious version of the CyberHaven extension to the Chrome Web Store, leading to customer data breaches where installed in user browsers, impacting CyberHaven’s estimated ~400 business customers. This was part of a broader campaign that targeted 35 Chrome extensions, collectively impacting over 2.5 million users.",{"data":37631,"content":37635,"nodeType":912},{"target":37632},{"sys":37633},{"id":37634,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4ErDI0xi0Vj2Zrk8Qsb2NB",[],{"data":37637,"content":37638,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":37640,"content":37641,"nodeType":981},{},[37642],{"data":37643,"marks":37644,"value":16509,"nodeType":865},{},[37645],{"type":926},{"data":37647,"content":37648,"nodeType":866},{},[37649],{"data":37650,"marks":37651,"value":37652,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters are dominating the headlines right now, but they aren’t the only attackers using these modern techniques and consciously evading established security controls. ",{"data":37654,"content":37655,"nodeType":866},{},[37656],{"data":37657,"marks":37658,"value":37659,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Threat reports agree that attackers are steering away from traditional exploit and malware-driven breaches towards identities:",{"data":37661,"content":37662,"nodeType":1616},{},[37663,37684,37706],{"data":37664,"content":37665,"nodeType":1570},{},[37666],{"data":37667,"content":37668,"nodeType":866},{},[37669,37673,37681],{"data":37670,"marks":37671,"value":37672,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity-based attacks surged 32% in the last year, while 97% of identity attacks are password-based, driven by credential leaks and infostealer malware. (",{"data":37674,"content":37676,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37675},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf#page=1",[37677],{"data":37678,"marks":37679,"value":19700,"nodeType":865},{},[37680],{"type":943},{"data":37682,"marks":37683,"value":13882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":37685,"content":37686,"nodeType":1570},{},[37687],{"data":37688,"content":37689,"nodeType":866},{},[37690,37694,37703],{"data":37691,"marks":37692,"value":37693,"nodeType":865},{},[],"79% of detections were malware-free in the last year, up from 40% in 2019. (",{"data":37695,"content":37697,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37696},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/global-threat-report/",[37698],{"data":37699,"marks":37700,"value":37702,"nodeType":865},{},[37701],{"type":943},"CrowdStrike",{"data":37704,"marks":37705,"value":13882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":37707,"content":37708,"nodeType":1570},{},[37709],{"data":37710,"content":37711,"nodeType":866},{},[37712,37716,37724],{"data":37713,"marks":37714,"value":37715,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credential abuse and phishing combined accounted for 38% of breaches, making identity the primary breach vector observed. (",{"data":37717,"content":37718,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1063},[37719],{"data":37720,"marks":37721,"value":37723,"nodeType":865},{},[37722],{"type":943},"Verizon",{"data":37725,"marks":37726,"value":13882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":37728,"content":37729,"nodeType":866},{},[37730],{"data":37731,"marks":37732,"value":37733,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And other public breaches from this year alone demonstrate similar TTPs from outside of the Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters orbit:",{"data":37735,"content":37736,"nodeType":1616},{},[37737,37752,37767,37782],{"data":37738,"content":37739,"nodeType":1570},{},[37740],{"data":37741,"content":37742,"nodeType":866},{},[37743,37748],{"data":37744,"marks":37745,"value":37747,"nodeType":865},{},[37746],{"type":926},"Nikkei",{"data":37749,"marks":37750,"value":37751,"nodeType":865},{},[],": Japanese publishing giant Nikkei’s Slack messaging platform was compromised using stolen credentials, leaking the names, email addresses, and chat histories for 17,368 individuals registered on Slack.",{"data":37753,"content":37754,"nodeType":1570},{},[37755],{"data":37756,"content":37757,"nodeType":866},{},[37758,37763],{"data":37759,"marks":37760,"value":37762,"nodeType":865},{},[37761],{"type":926},"Evertec",{"data":37764,"marks":37765,"value":37766,"nodeType":865},{},[],": Hackers tried to steal $130 million from Evertec’s Brazilian subsidiary Sinqia S.A.after gaining unauthorized access to its environment on the central bank’s real-time payment system (Pix) using stolen credentials.",{"data":37768,"content":37769,"nodeType":1570},{},[37770],{"data":37771,"content":37772,"nodeType":866},{},[37773,37778],{"data":37774,"marks":37775,"value":37777,"nodeType":865},{},[37776],{"type":926},"Hy-Vee:",{"data":37779,"marks":37780,"value":37781,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Was hit with a data breach after hackers logged in with stolen credentials, exposing 53GB of sensitive data.",{"data":37783,"content":37784,"nodeType":1570},{},[37785],{"data":37786,"content":37787,"nodeType":866},{},[37788,37793],{"data":37789,"marks":37790,"value":37792,"nodeType":865},{},[37791],{"type":926},"Scania: ",{"data":37794,"marks":37795,"value":37796,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Automotive giant Scania confirmed it suffered a cybersecurity incident where threat actors used compromised credentials to breach its Financial Services systems and steal insurance claim documents.",{"data":37798,"content":37799,"nodeType":866},{},[37800],{"data":37801,"marks":37802,"value":37803,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters may be grabbing the headlines — but this a huge movement in a vast and flexible community of attackers. And criminals around the world are learning from their success. ",{"data":37805,"content":37806,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":37808,"content":37809,"nodeType":981},{},[37810],{"data":37811,"marks":37812,"value":37814,"nodeType":865},{},[37813],{"type":926},"Lessons learned",{"data":37816,"content":37817,"nodeType":866},{},[37818],{"data":37819,"marks":37820,"value":37821,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The common thread with all of these attacks is that they are evading established security controls by targeting applications directly, over the internet, via account takeover.",{"data":37823,"content":37824,"nodeType":866},{},[37825],{"data":37826,"marks":37827,"value":37828,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clearly, the success of these attacks shows the limitations of multiple control layers. Endpoint and network layer controls have no visibility of this attack surface. Identity-focused controls are being undermined by ghost logins and shadow IT. And the limitations of cloud security controls in their ability to encompass all apps, and detect and stop malicious actions in real-time (that often blend in seamlessly with normal user activity). ",{"data":37830,"content":37834,"nodeType":912},{"target":37831},{"sys":37832},{"id":37833,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4Dg3fZEGf7ShyQJ8jlNDME",[],{"data":37836,"content":37837,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":37839,"content":37840,"nodeType":981},{},[37841],{"data":37842,"marks":37843,"value":5445,"nodeType":865},{},[37844],{"type":926},{"data":37846,"content":37847,"nodeType":866},{},[37848],{"data":37849,"marks":37850,"value":37851,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stopping attacks that are designed to evade established controls is in our DNA — it’s the reason Push was founded. ",{"data":37853,"content":37854,"nodeType":866},{},[37855],{"data":37856,"marks":37857,"value":37858,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is the gateway to to the apps and identities that attackers are now targeting, with many attacks taking place inside the user’s browser — whether that’s entering credentials onto a phishing page, approving a malicious OAuth grant, installing a risky browser extension, or insecurely accessing an app with a weak password and no MFA. ",{"data":37860,"content":37861,"nodeType":866},{},[37862],{"data":37863,"marks":37864,"value":37865,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":37867,"content":37868,"nodeType":866},{},[37869,37872,37879,37883,37890],{"data":37870,"marks":37871,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":37873,"content":37874,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[37875],{"data":37876,"marks":37877,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[37878],{"type":943},{"data":37880,"marks":37881,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[]," or ",{"data":37884,"content":37885,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[37886],{"data":37887,"marks":37888,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[37889],{"type":943},{"data":37891,"marks":37892,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters\" — how modern attackers exploit the gaps in your security stack ","How Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters breaches demonstrate the evolution of attacker TTPs, shaping the future of cyber attacks.","2025-11-13T00:00:00.000Z","scattered-lapsus-hunters",{"items":37898},[37899,37901],{"sys":37900,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":37902,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":37904},[37905],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":37906},{"url":6570},{"__typename":1429,"sys":37908,"content":37910,"title":39253,"synopsis":39254,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":39255,"slug":39256,"tagsCollection":39257,"authorsCollection":39263},{"id":37909},"wI3paLVDlEKdaRI5qMYFc",{"json":37911},{"data":37912,"content":37913,"nodeType":1382},{},[37914,37921,37944,37951,37957,37964,37971,37978,37984,37987,37995,38002,38008,38013,38029,38227,38239,38247,38254,38261,38268,38288,38294,38301,38304,38312,38319,38352,38359,38375,38396,38431,38437,38444,38463,38470,38477,38480,38488,38495,38588,38595,38602,38610,38617,38624,38631,38636,38644,38651,38658,38665,38671,38678,38686,38704,38712,38719,38725,38728,38736,38743,38750,38860,38866,38873,38880,38887,38894,38901,38909,38916,38923,38947,38953,38969,38984,39000,39006,39014,39021,39029,39036,39039,39047,39054,39087,39093,39117,39124,39127,39135,39142,39158,39164,39171,39178,39181,39188,39206,39213],{"data":37915,"content":37916,"nodeType":866},{},[37917],{"data":37918,"marks":37919,"value":37920,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here are two things that can’t both be true:",{"data":37922,"content":37923,"nodeType":1616},{},[37924,37934],{"data":37925,"content":37926,"nodeType":1570},{},[37927],{"data":37928,"content":37929,"nodeType":866},{},[37930],{"data":37931,"marks":37932,"value":37933,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Users are the weakest link in security. They just need to stop clicking on things.",{"data":37935,"content":37936,"nodeType":1570},{},[37937],{"data":37938,"content":37939,"nodeType":866},{},[37940],{"data":37941,"marks":37942,"value":37943,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The internet is a giant clicking-on-things machine.",{"data":37945,"content":37946,"nodeType":866},{},[37947],{"data":37948,"marks":37949,"value":37950,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In particular, when we look at the TTPs of modern browser-based attacks that target employees, it’s obvious where this disconnect has real consequences. ",{"data":37952,"content":37956,"nodeType":912},{"target":37953},{"sys":37954},{"id":37955,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2x3blnHzZYcJ8c439C4NqI",[],{"data":37958,"content":37959,"nodeType":866},{},[37960],{"data":37961,"marks":37962,"value":37963,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here’s why: Security tooling hasn’t kept up with adversary advances, and normal human behaviors are being expressly targeted via the browser to achieve compromise of accounts and endpoints. If you list the pitfalls facing the common end-user encountering these kinds of attack methods, the picture becomes even more stark.",{"data":37965,"content":37966,"nodeType":866},{},[37967],{"data":37968,"marks":37969,"value":37970,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To solve these problems, you need security tooling that sits in line with the user where they’re already working: In the browser. In this Push product guide, we’ll cover how you can use Push to provide point-in-time guidance — everything from block pages to informational banners — to protect users from modern browser-based TTPs and to guide them to remediate common vulnerabilities that can lead to account takeover.",{"data":37972,"content":37973,"nodeType":866},{},[37974],{"data":37975,"marks":37976,"value":37977,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve also recently introduced custom branding and styling options for user-facing block pages and banners so you can provide a cohesive and trustworthy experience across your security ecosystem.",{"data":37979,"content":37983,"nodeType":912},{"target":37980},{"sys":37981},{"id":37982,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7fwCnr9bz76rWWCL6EReOT",[],{"data":37985,"content":37986,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":37988,"content":37989,"nodeType":981},{},[37990],{"data":37991,"marks":37992,"value":37994,"nodeType":865},{},[37993],{"type":926},"Why you can’t train users to recognize modern browser-based attack methods",{"data":37996,"content":37997,"nodeType":866},{},[37998],{"data":37999,"marks":38000,"value":38001,"nodeType":865},{},[],"User awareness training can help you build your workforce’s basic security baseline. But it’s not a reliable remedy for modern browser-based TTPs. When you look at the creative methods attackers are using — and rapidly improving on — it’s obvious why.",{"data":38003,"content":38007,"nodeType":912},{"target":38004},{"sys":38005},{"id":38006,"type":909,"linkType":910},"eHla7GPCH5eTpdfEqW5Zo",[],{"data":38009,"content":38012,"nodeType":912},{"target":38010},{"sys":38011},{"id":1190,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":38014,"content":38015,"nodeType":866},{},[38016,38020,38025],{"data":38017,"marks":38018,"value":38019,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To avoid account or endpoint compromise while going about your daily work as a user, you would need to accomplish these ",{"data":38021,"marks":38022,"value":38024,"nodeType":865},{},[38023],{"type":898},"extremely 100% achievable activities",{"data":38026,"marks":38027,"value":38028,"nodeType":865},{},[],", including:",{"data":38030,"content":38031,"nodeType":2927},{},[38032,38057,38097,38120,38153,38185],{"data":38033,"content":38034,"nodeType":2400},{},[38035,38046],{"data":38036,"content":38037,"nodeType":7250},{},[38038],{"data":38039,"content":38040,"nodeType":866},{},[38041],{"data":38042,"marks":38043,"value":38045,"nodeType":865},{},[38044],{"type":926},"Scenario",{"data":38047,"content":38048,"nodeType":7250},{},[38049],{"data":38050,"content":38051,"nodeType":866},{},[38052],{"data":38053,"marks":38054,"value":38056,"nodeType":865},{},[38055],{"type":926},"Threat",{"data":38058,"content":38059,"nodeType":2400},{},[38060,38083],{"data":38061,"content":38062,"nodeType":2366},{},[38063],{"data":38064,"content":38065,"nodeType":866},{},[38066,38070,38079],{"data":38067,"marks":38068,"value":38069,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While using search engines, never click on a ",{"data":38071,"content":38074,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38072},{"sys":38073},{"id":10637,"type":909,"linkType":910},[38075],{"data":38076,"marks":38077,"value":38078,"nodeType":865},{},[],"malicious link",{"data":38080,"marks":38081,"value":38082,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in sponsored or organic results (it's often the first link you see, too).",{"data":38084,"content":38085,"nodeType":2366},{},[38086],{"data":38087,"content":38088,"nodeType":866},{},[38089,38093],{"data":38090,"marks":38091,"value":38092,"nodeType":865},{},[],"M",{"data":38094,"marks":38095,"value":38096,"nodeType":865},{},[],"alvertising, SEO poisoning, compromised legitimate webpages, vibecoded phishing webpages.",{"data":38098,"content":38099,"nodeType":2400},{},[38100,38110],{"data":38101,"content":38102,"nodeType":2366},{},[38103],{"data":38104,"content":38105,"nodeType":866},{},[38106],{"data":38107,"marks":38108,"value":38109,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Know when to trust an email coming from an app you use every day, and when it could be malicious (it looks the same).",{"data":38111,"content":38112,"nodeType":2366},{},[38113],{"data":38114,"content":38115,"nodeType":866},{},[38116],{"data":38117,"marks":38118,"value":38119,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using SaaS services to distribute malicious links using trusted sites (also a handy way of evading email controls).",{"data":38121,"content":38122,"nodeType":2400},{},[38123,38143],{"data":38124,"content":38125,"nodeType":2366},{},[38126],{"data":38127,"content":38128,"nodeType":866},{},[38129,38133,38140],{"data":38130,"marks":38131,"value":38132,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When reading a LinkedIn DM from a colleague, anticipate that they might have been hacked and have sent you a malicious link. (Yes, this was a ",{"data":38134,"content":38135,"nodeType":889},{"uri":937},[38136],{"data":38137,"marks":38138,"value":38139,"nodeType":865},{},[],"real scenario",{"data":38141,"marks":38142,"value":7102,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38144,"content":38145,"nodeType":2366},{},[38146],{"data":38147,"content":38148,"nodeType":866},{},[38149],{"data":38150,"marks":38151,"value":38152,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Abuse of social media, IM platforms, and other apps where you can be directly contacted by users external to your organization. ",{"data":38154,"content":38155,"nodeType":2400},{},[38156,38166],{"data":38157,"content":38158,"nodeType":2366},{},[38159],{"data":38160,"content":38161,"nodeType":866},{},[38162],{"data":38163,"marks":38164,"value":38165,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When logging in to an app, never follow benign-seeming but actually malicious instructions to enter a code onto a legitimate page to complete your login.",{"data":38167,"content":38168,"nodeType":2366},{},[38169],{"data":38170,"content":38171,"nodeType":866},{},[38172,38176,38182],{"data":38173,"marks":38174,"value":38175,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM phishing, OAuth consent phishing, ",{"data":38177,"content":38178,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1951},[38179],{"data":38180,"marks":38181,"value":17001,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38183,"marks":38184,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38186,"content":38187,"nodeType":2400},{},[38188,38198],{"data":38189,"content":38190,"nodeType":2366},{},[38191],{"data":38192,"content":38193,"nodeType":866},{},[38194],{"data":38195,"marks":38196,"value":38197,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Know which instructions to follow and which are malicious when verifying that you're human on a CAPTCHA-style page.",{"data":38199,"content":38200,"nodeType":2366},{},[38201],{"data":38202,"content":38203,"nodeType":866},{},[38204,38207,38213,38217,38223],{"data":38205,"marks":38206,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38208,"content":38209,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16837},[38210],{"data":38211,"marks":38212,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38214,"marks":38215,"value":38216,"nodeType":865},{},[],"-style attacks that trick the user into running a malicious script or command, or ",{"data":38218,"content":38219,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6236},[38220],{"data":38221,"marks":38222,"value":6229,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38224,"marks":38225,"value":38226,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (which is even sneakier and simply involves copying a URL).",{"data":38228,"content":38229,"nodeType":866},{},[38230,38234],{"data":38231,"marks":38232,"value":38233,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And we're barely scratching the surface here. ",{"data":38235,"marks":38236,"value":38238,"nodeType":865},{},[38237],{"type":926},"Easy, right?",{"data":38240,"content":38241,"nodeType":1317},{},[38242],{"data":38243,"marks":38244,"value":38246,"nodeType":865},{},[38245],{"type":926},"Can't we block users from interacting with bad content? ",{"data":38248,"content":38249,"nodeType":866},{},[38250],{"data":38251,"marks":38252,"value":38253,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So if you can’t train your way out of these problems, what about locking down and blocking your way out of the problem?",{"data":38255,"content":38256,"nodeType":866},{},[38257],{"data":38258,"marks":38259,"value":38260,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This, too, simply isn’t really feasible. ",{"data":38262,"content":38263,"nodeType":866},{},[38264],{"data":38265,"marks":38266,"value":38267,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modern cloud-first adversaries routinely rotate domains on malicious pages; use trusted services like SharePoint, Adobe, Google Sites, Cloudflare, and Atlassian to deliver lures; target end-users across multiple channels, including social media, forums, chat platforms, Google search results, email, and webpages; and use legitimate security tools like bot protection to bypass detection by other legitimate security tools, such as web content scanning and analysis solutions.",{"data":38269,"content":38270,"nodeType":866},{},[38271,38275,38279,38284],{"data":38272,"marks":38273,"value":38274,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To safely navigate the internet today, y",{"data":38276,"marks":38277,"value":38278,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ou need to be able to spot malicious pages and content ",{"data":38280,"marks":38281,"value":38283,"nodeType":865},{},[38282],{"type":926},"the first time they're seen in the wild",{"data":38285,"marks":38286,"value":38287,"nodeType":865},{},[],". If you're relying on indicators of known bad, you're always a step behind, leaving users exposed.",{"data":38289,"content":38293,"nodeType":912},{"target":38290},{"sys":38291},{"id":38292,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3ZfqOLRdJZJIc78rj9E9JZ",[],{"data":38295,"content":38296,"nodeType":866},{},[38297],{"data":38298,"marks":38299,"value":38300,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To protect users while they work online, you need a purpose-built security tool that can respond in real time to modern TTPs and guide users securely — without introducing extra work or a lot of friction. Push can help with that.",{"data":38302,"content":38303,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":38305,"content":38306,"nodeType":981},{},[38307],{"data":38308,"marks":38309,"value":38311,"nodeType":865},{},[38310],{"type":926},"Why in-browser controls?",{"data":38313,"content":38314,"nodeType":866},{},[38315],{"data":38316,"marks":38317,"value":38318,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Simply put, using in-browser security controls gets you the closest to the user and their work in order to protect them from modern browser-based threats. Adding in-browser controls also solves two tricky problems for security teams: ",{"data":38320,"content":38321,"nodeType":1616},{},[38322,38337],{"data":38323,"content":38324,"nodeType":1570},{},[38325],{"data":38326,"content":38327,"nodeType":866},{},[38328,38333],{"data":38329,"marks":38330,"value":38332,"nodeType":865},{},[38331],{"type":926},"Filling the gap between solution layers",{"data":38334,"marks":38335,"value":38336,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in order to detect and block attack methods like Adversary-in-the-Middle phishing, malicious browser extensions, and ClickFix-style social engineering attacks that other tools miss.",{"data":38338,"content":38339,"nodeType":1570},{},[38340],{"data":38341,"content":38342,"nodeType":866},{},[38343,38348],{"data":38344,"marks":38345,"value":38347,"nodeType":865},{},[38346],{"type":926},"Providing just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":38349,"marks":38350,"value":38351,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to end-users when it’s the right moment to act on that guidance, reducing your attack surface across your online apps, browser extensions, and accounts, and ensuring your app usage policies are followed.",{"data":38353,"content":38354,"nodeType":1317},{},[38355],{"data":38356,"marks":38357,"value":38358,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Fill the gap between solution layers",{"data":38360,"content":38361,"nodeType":866},{},[38362,38366,38371],{"data":38363,"marks":38364,"value":38365,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most existing security solutions operate just ",{"data":38367,"marks":38368,"value":38370,"nodeType":865},{},[38369],{"type":898},"outside",{"data":38372,"marks":38373,"value":38374,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the context of a user interacting with a webpage. This leaves blind spots that attackers are exploiting between layers of security tooling.",{"data":38376,"content":38377,"nodeType":866},{},[38378,38382,38392],{"data":38379,"marks":38380,"value":38381,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For example, network proxies see HTTP requests, URLs, and page headers, but not the ",{"data":38383,"content":38387,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38384},{"sys":38385},{"id":38386,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5caCcGCqMMPm5KlwUv0sbz",[38388],{"data":38389,"marks":38390,"value":38391,"nodeType":865},{},[],"structural elements",{"data":38393,"marks":38394,"value":38395,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of the DOM or on-page user interactions that are key to fingerprinting the behavior of AiTM phishing kits or ClickFix-style social engineering attacks. ",{"data":38397,"content":38398,"nodeType":866},{},[38399,38403,38413,38417,38427],{"data":38400,"marks":38401,"value":38402,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Similarly, ",{"data":38404,"content":38408,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38405},{"sys":38406},{"id":38407,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6YWYKGESlyUKQxvhKmBzeH",[38409],{"data":38410,"marks":38411,"value":38412,"nodeType":865},{},[],"EDR tools",{"data":38414,"marks":38415,"value":38416,"nodeType":865},{},[]," only see the bad thing when it hits the endpoint, and many ",{"data":38418,"content":38422,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38419},{"sys":38420},{"id":38421,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2k2aDK5dyQKlQBrk66pMXE",[38423],{"data":38424,"marks":38425,"value":38426,"nodeType":865},{},[],"cloud security tools",{"data":38428,"marks":38429,"value":38430,"nodeType":865},{},[]," rely on complex policy configurations across a core set of apps to provide security protection — leaving a gap in detection and response capabilities outside their purview.",{"data":38432,"content":38436,"nodeType":912},{"target":38433},{"sys":38434},{"id":38435,"type":909,"linkType":910},"50NyBpr96dKspvTzJTBOlC",[],{"data":38438,"content":38439,"nodeType":1317},{},[38440],{"data":38441,"marks":38442,"value":38443,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Provide just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":38445,"content":38446,"nodeType":866},{},[38447,38451,38459],{"data":38448,"marks":38449,"value":38450,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As some of our customers like to say, Push provides security teams with a ",{"data":38452,"content":38454,"nodeType":889},{"uri":38453},"/customer-stories/upvest",[38455],{"data":38456,"marks":38457,"value":38458,"nodeType":865},{},[],"“seat on the user’s side”",{"data":38460,"marks":38461,"value":38462,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of the equation so you can enforce security best practices.",{"data":38464,"content":38465,"nodeType":866},{},[38466],{"data":38467,"marks":38468,"value":38469,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Having that seat on the user’s side also helps you deliver guidance in the right context for it to be followed: When the user is engaged in doing the behavior you want to influence (or prevent). The right information, at the right time, in the right format — not a belated reminder through a different channel that’s easy to ignore.",{"data":38471,"content":38472,"nodeType":866},{},[38473],{"data":38474,"marks":38475,"value":38476,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With those outcomes in mind, let’s look at some specific solutions from the Push platform.",{"data":38478,"content":38479,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":38481,"content":38482,"nodeType":981},{},[38483],{"data":38484,"marks":38485,"value":38487,"nodeType":865},{},[38486],{"type":926},"How Push helps you protect users from browser-based ATO, ClickFix, and similar attacks",{"data":38489,"content":38490,"nodeType":866},{},[38491],{"data":38492,"marks":38493,"value":38494,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push platform provides out-of-the-box detections for browser-based attacks, including:",{"data":38496,"content":38497,"nodeType":1616},{},[38498,38521,38544,38565],{"data":38499,"content":38500,"nodeType":1570},{},[38501],{"data":38502,"content":38503,"nodeType":866},{},[38504,38507,38517],{"data":38505,"marks":38506,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38508,"content":38512,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38509},{"sys":38510},{"id":38511,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7KRnTSnJAbbiho69gNyN0B",[38513],{"data":38514,"marks":38515,"value":38516,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM phishing kits",{"data":38518,"marks":38519,"value":38520,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that can bypass MFA",{"data":38522,"content":38523,"nodeType":1570},{},[38524],{"data":38525,"content":38526,"nodeType":866},{},[38527,38530,38540],{"data":38528,"marks":38529,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38531,"content":38535,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38532},{"sys":38533},{"id":38534,"type":909,"linkType":910},"jN3GN5ddMJZiDtl0fgUVd",[38536],{"data":38537,"marks":38538,"value":38539,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cloned login pages",{"data":38541,"marks":38542,"value":38543,"nodeType":865},{},[]," designed to steal user credentials",{"data":38545,"content":38546,"nodeType":1570},{},[38547],{"data":38548,"content":38549,"nodeType":866},{},[38550,38553,38562],{"data":38551,"marks":38552,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38554,"content":38558,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38555},{"sys":38556},{"id":38557,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5NyiWgjMDwk16XZ0S681JK",[38559],{"data":38560,"marks":38561,"value":699,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38563,"marks":38564,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38566,"content":38567,"nodeType":1570},{},[38568],{"data":38569,"content":38570,"nodeType":866},{},[38571,38574,38584],{"data":38572,"marks":38573,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38575,"content":38579,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38576},{"sys":38577},{"id":38578,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7jygmadjoz0asAHv7e5PuK",[38580],{"data":38581,"marks":38582,"value":38583,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious copy and paste attacks",{"data":38585,"marks":38586,"value":38587,"nodeType":865},{},[]," like ClickFix, FileFix, and similar",{"data":38589,"content":38590,"nodeType":866},{},[38591],{"data":38592,"marks":38593,"value":38594,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For each of these attack vectors, Push delivers detection events and associated metadata for quick triage by the security team, as well as employee-facing warn or block screens, based on your selected configuration.",{"data":38596,"content":38597,"nodeType":866},{},[38598],{"data":38599,"marks":38600,"value":38601,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here’s a snapshot of the capabilities of these controls and what end-users will experience.",{"data":38603,"content":38604,"nodeType":1317},{},[38605],{"data":38606,"marks":38607,"value":38609,"nodeType":865},{},[38608],{"type":926},"The scenario:",{"data":38611,"content":38612,"nodeType":866},{},[38613],{"data":38614,"marks":38615,"value":38616,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a user encounters a malicious page — whether that’s an AiTM phishing tool running on a webpage, or a ClickFix-style attack — or attempts to install a malicious extension, Push immediately steps in. ",{"data":38618,"content":38619,"nodeType":866},{},[38620],{"data":38621,"marks":38622,"value":38623,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push can prevent users from entering their credentials on phishing pages, including cloned login pages, or from pasting malicious clipboard contents that can run malware on their device. Push can also prevent users from installing known-bad browser extensions. ",{"data":38625,"content":38626,"nodeType":866},{},[38627],{"data":38628,"marks":38629,"value":38630,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In each of these scenarios, Push admins get detailed detection information they can use to triage the incident.",{"data":38632,"content":38635,"nodeType":912},{"target":38633},{"sys":38634},{"id":10728,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":38637,"content":38638,"nodeType":1317},{},[38639],{"data":38640,"marks":38641,"value":38643,"nodeType":865},{},[38642],{"type":926},"How it works:",{"data":38645,"content":38646,"nodeType":866},{},[38647],{"data":38648,"marks":38649,"value":38650,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Rather than relying on known-bad intelligence like domains or URLs, Push performs a behavioral and structural analysis of malicious pages in real time.",{"data":38652,"content":38653,"nodeType":866},{},[38654],{"data":38655,"marks":38656,"value":38657,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That means a phishing page never has to appear in a threat intelligence feed in order to be detected and blocked.",{"data":38659,"content":38660,"nodeType":866},{},[38661],{"data":38662,"marks":38663,"value":38664,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Similarly, for malicious copy and paste attacks like ClickFix, Push analyzes the content copied to the clipboard but also evaluates the context of the page to reduce false positives. In blocking mode, Push’s control for ClickFix-style attacks replaces the malicious clipboard contents with safe text — preventing potential endpoint compromise before it can occur.",{"data":38666,"content":38670,"nodeType":912},{"target":38667},{"sys":38668},{"id":38669,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3OkejjEjV9xflBc5ouOVFn",[],{"data":38672,"content":38673,"nodeType":866},{},[38674],{"data":38675,"marks":38676,"value":38677,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, for identifying malicious browser extensions, Push takes a slightly different approach — combining both behavioral detections and curated intelligence of known-bad extensions from our own research and from trusted industry sources. We’ve found this combination provides the highest-fidelity way to identify malicious extensions without relying on approaches like analyzing extension permissions, which often isn’t actionable. ",{"data":38679,"content":38680,"nodeType":1317},{},[38681],{"data":38682,"marks":38683,"value":38685,"nodeType":865},{},[38684],{"type":926},"Your security team gets:",{"data":38687,"content":38688,"nodeType":866},{},[38689,38693,38701],{"data":38690,"marks":38691,"value":38692,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Readymade detection and alerting, combined with detailed telemetry. Detections and their associated metadata can be consumed via ",{"data":38694,"content":38696,"nodeType":889},{"uri":38695},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/getting-started/#api-and-webhooks",[38697],{"data":38698,"marks":38699,"value":38700,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s REST API and webhooks",{"data":38702,"marks":38703,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38705,"content":38706,"nodeType":1317},{},[38707],{"data":38708,"marks":38709,"value":38711,"nodeType":865},{},[38710],{"type":926},"Your end-users see:",{"data":38713,"content":38714,"nodeType":866},{},[38715],{"data":38716,"marks":38717,"value":38718,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An immediate block screen in your company colors and brand style, providing a highly memorable, contextual moment of learning — and reassuring them that an incident has been prevented.",{"data":38720,"content":38724,"nodeType":912},{"target":38721},{"sys":38722},{"id":38723,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4QfjDDfKjohKr1qqDLRT0m",[],{"data":38726,"content":38727,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":38729,"content":38730,"nodeType":981},{},[38731],{"data":38732,"marks":38733,"value":38735,"nodeType":865},{},[38734],{"type":926},"How Push helps you remediate account vulnerabilities at scale",{"data":38737,"content":38738,"nodeType":866},{},[38739],{"data":38740,"marks":38741,"value":38742,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Just-in-time security enforcement works best when it’s trustworthy and contextual — without making a lot more work for your team. Push also provides readymade controls for remediating common account vulnerabilities that contribute to your attack surface online, helping you harden existing accounts and reduce behaviors that introduce new risks.",{"data":38744,"content":38745,"nodeType":866},{},[38746],{"data":38747,"marks":38748,"value":38749,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With Push, you can:",{"data":38751,"content":38752,"nodeType":1616},{},[38753,38776,38813,38837],{"data":38754,"content":38755,"nodeType":1570},{},[38756],{"data":38757,"content":38758,"nodeType":866},{},[38759,38762,38772],{"data":38760,"marks":38761,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38763,"content":38767,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38764},{"sys":38765},{"id":38766,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6FYHbkcRUrtznPo7RarRsz",[38768],{"data":38769,"marks":38770,"value":38771,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Prevent the phishing or reuse of high-value passwords",{"data":38773,"marks":38774,"value":38775,"nodeType":865},{},[],", like your IdP, AWS, or code repository passwords.",{"data":38777,"content":38778,"nodeType":1570},{},[38779],{"data":38780,"content":38781,"nodeType":866},{},[38782,38786,38796,38799,38809],{"data":38783,"marks":38784,"value":38785,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Remediate ",{"data":38787,"content":38791,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38788},{"sys":38789},{"id":38790,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2WAc5HflKonFN7Jc53ROgj",[38792],{"data":38793,"marks":38794,"value":38795,"nodeType":865},{},[],"missing MFA",{"data":38797,"marks":38798,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38800,"content":38804,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38801},{"sys":38802},{"id":38803,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2dAP36chda6ZDGKzw0Itfs",[38805],{"data":38806,"marks":38807,"value":38808,"nodeType":865},{},[],"insecure passwords",{"data":38810,"marks":38811,"value":38812,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on any work app, even those not managed by your SSO solution.",{"data":38814,"content":38815,"nodeType":1570},{},[38816],{"data":38817,"content":38818,"nodeType":866},{},[38819,38823,38833],{"data":38820,"marks":38821,"value":38822,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Use ",{"data":38824,"content":38828,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38825},{"sys":38826},{"id":38827,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2ZpKnuljaUH0jzVaae4SMN",[38829],{"data":38830,"marks":38831,"value":38832,"nodeType":865},{},[],"in-browser banners",{"data":38834,"marks":38835,"value":38836,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to add guardrails to app usage, including blocking unapproved SaaS or collecting a business reason to access an app before approving it.",{"data":38838,"content":38839,"nodeType":1570},{},[38840],{"data":38841,"content":38842,"nodeType":866},{},[38843,38846,38856],{"data":38844,"marks":38845,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38847,"content":38851,"nodeType":10414},{"target":38848},{"sys":38849},{"id":38850,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3ibVBa6u0XfcXXDVtON5th",[38852],{"data":38853,"marks":38854,"value":38855,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block unwanted or unapproved browser extensions",{"data":38857,"marks":38858,"value":38859,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from being installed, or disable them if they’ve been installed previously.",{"data":38861,"content":38862,"nodeType":866},{},[38863],{"data":38864,"marks":38865,"value":38601,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38867,"content":38868,"nodeType":1317},{},[38869],{"data":38870,"marks":38871,"value":38609,"nodeType":865},{},[38872],{"type":926},{"data":38874,"content":38875,"nodeType":866},{},[38876],{"data":38877,"marks":38878,"value":38879,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push uses in-browser controls to intervene when a user is missing MFA; reusing a high-value password; using an insecure password; attempting to log in to an unapproved app; or attempting to install a blocked extension. ",{"data":38881,"content":38882,"nodeType":866},{},[38883],{"data":38884,"marks":38885,"value":38886,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push can block users from reusing passwords set as “protected” (meaning they can’t be reused on any other page or app) or from using unapproved apps or extensions. Push can guide users to update their password or register for MFA on accounts where they lack it. Push can also provide any other specific security or policy guidance to employees via banners that appear on apps in your environment, including GenAI apps. ",{"data":38888,"content":38889,"nodeType":866},{},[38890],{"data":38891,"marks":38892,"value":38893,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For all of these scenarios, you can tune Push controls to your preferred mode (informing vs. blocking, for example) and select which employees, employee groups, and apps or accounts to focus on.",{"data":38895,"content":38896,"nodeType":866},{},[38897],{"data":38898,"marks":38899,"value":38900,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also customize the message that employees see, to match your organizational culture and policies.",{"data":38902,"content":38903,"nodeType":1317},{},[38904],{"data":38905,"marks":38906,"value":38908,"nodeType":865},{},[38907],{"type":926},"How it works: ",{"data":38910,"content":38911,"nodeType":866},{},[38912],{"data":38913,"marks":38914,"value":38915,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push browser agent observes real-time user behavior and securely analyzes users’ account vulnerabilities in order to identify risks and execute your preconfigured controls. ",{"data":38917,"content":38918,"nodeType":866},{},[38919],{"data":38920,"marks":38921,"value":38922,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To identify MFA status, Push uses the app’s own API to query the logged-in user’s registered MFA methods. To analyze password security, Push creates a salted, truncated hash that is stored locally in the user’s browser and then used for comparison to find reused passwords, leaked passwords, and shared passwords. ",{"data":38924,"content":38925,"nodeType":866},{},[38926,38930,38935,38938,38943],{"data":38927,"marks":38928,"value":38929,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using the ",{"data":38931,"marks":38932,"value":38934,"nodeType":865},{},[38933],{"type":926},"MFA enforcement",{"data":38936,"marks":38937,"value":6889,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38939,"marks":38940,"value":38942,"nodeType":865},{},[38941],{"type":926},"Strong password enforcement",{"data":38944,"marks":38945,"value":38946,"nodeType":865},{},[]," controls, you can then automatically display a banner to users with those account vulnerabilities, guiding them to fix the issue.",{"data":38948,"content":38952,"nodeType":912},{"target":38949},{"sys":38950},{"id":38951,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7Ka4CumZk9it6GsdlNHREA",[],{"data":38954,"content":38955,"nodeType":866},{},[38956,38960,38965],{"data":38957,"marks":38958,"value":38959,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using Push’s ",{"data":38961,"marks":38962,"value":38964,"nodeType":865},{},[38963],{"type":926},"Password protection",{"data":38966,"marks":38967,"value":38968,"nodeType":865},{},[]," control, you can select apps where you want to essentially “pin” the high-value password to only that app and prevent its reuse (or phishing) on any other domain. ",{"data":38970,"content":38971,"nodeType":866},{},[38972,38975,38980],{"data":38973,"marks":38974,"value":38959,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38976,"marks":38977,"value":38979,"nodeType":865},{},[38978],{"type":926},"Browser extension blocking",{"data":38981,"marks":38982,"value":38983,"nodeType":865},{},[]," control, you can create a blocklist or allowlist of extensions and prevent users from installing or enabling blocked extensions.",{"data":38985,"content":38986,"nodeType":866},{},[38987,38991,38996],{"data":38988,"marks":38989,"value":38990,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, using Push’s ",{"data":38992,"marks":38993,"value":38995,"nodeType":865},{},[38994],{"type":926},"App banners",{"data":38997,"marks":38998,"value":38999,"nodeType":865},{},[]," feature, you can add custom messages in a range of modes — from informing to blocking — to apps in use across your business, or even specific URL patterns.",{"data":39001,"content":39005,"nodeType":912},{"target":39002},{"sys":39003},{"id":39004,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5Mq4PEzEhW8p1qLvS9aZMm",[],{"data":39007,"content":39008,"nodeType":1317},{},[39009],{"data":39010,"marks":39011,"value":39013,"nodeType":865},{},[39012],{"type":926},"Your security team gets: ",{"data":39015,"content":39016,"nodeType":866},{},[39017],{"data":39018,"marks":39019,"value":39020,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A flexible and highly configurable set of controls to solve account vulnerabilities at scale and to enforce your security controls around browser extensions and app usage.",{"data":39022,"content":39023,"nodeType":1317},{},[39024],{"data":39025,"marks":39026,"value":39028,"nodeType":865},{},[39027],{"type":926},"Your end-users see: ",{"data":39030,"content":39031,"nodeType":866},{},[39032],{"data":39033,"marks":39034,"value":39035,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Contextual, actionable guidance in the midst of their actual workflow, helping them fix the issue or guiding them to safety.",{"data":39037,"content":39038,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":39040,"content":39041,"nodeType":981},{},[39042],{"data":39043,"marks":39044,"value":39046,"nodeType":865},{},[39045],{"type":926},"Implementation tips",{"data":39048,"content":39049,"nodeType":866},{},[39050],{"data":39051,"marks":39052,"value":39053,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push allows you to set the scope and mode of each control, making it simple to roll out. ",{"data":39055,"content":39056,"nodeType":866},{},[39057,39061,39066,39070,39074,39078,39083],{"data":39058,"marks":39059,"value":39060,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recommend starting in ",{"data":39062,"marks":39063,"value":39065,"nodeType":865},{},[39064],{"type":926},"Monitor",{"data":39067,"marks":39068,"value":39069,"nodeType":865},{},[]," mode for controls that intervene in end-user activities. That way, you can perform testing with sample malicious sites or scenarios like reused protected passwords, tune out any benign true positives, and develop the messaging you want to use on warn or block pages. (For controls without an explicit monitor mode, like ",{"data":39071,"marks":39072,"value":38942,"nodeType":865},{},[39073],{"type":926},{"data":39075,"marks":39076,"value":39077,"nodeType":865},{},[],", you can still monitor for related events on the ",{"data":39079,"marks":39080,"value":39082,"nodeType":865},{},[39081],{"type":926},"Events",{"data":39084,"marks":39085,"value":39086,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page, such as account security findings, or by consuming webhooks into a downstream tool.)",{"data":39088,"content":39092,"nodeType":912},{"target":39089},{"sys":39090},{"id":39091,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7vk8DHv01cM1o2C0ZpAvZu",[],{"data":39094,"content":39095,"nodeType":866},{},[39096,39100,39105,39108,39113],{"data":39097,"marks":39098,"value":39099,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When you’re ready, set the mode to ",{"data":39101,"marks":39102,"value":39104,"nodeType":865},{},[39103],{"type":926},"Warn",{"data":39106,"marks":39107,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":39109,"marks":39110,"value":39112,"nodeType":865},{},[39111],{"type":926},"Block",{"data":39114,"marks":39115,"value":39116,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and use the scope options to perform a phased rollout to your user population by adding additional user groups to the control until you have complete coverage of your population.",{"data":39118,"content":39119,"nodeType":866},{},[39120],{"data":39121,"marks":39122,"value":39123,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By consuming webhook events into your SIEM, you can integrate Push alerts into your existing security workflows, monitoring for new detections or tracking when account vulnerabilities are resolved.",{"data":39125,"content":39126,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":39128,"content":39129,"nodeType":981},{},[39130],{"data":39131,"marks":39132,"value":39134,"nodeType":865},{},[39133],{"type":926},"Enhancing user trust with custom branding",{"data":39136,"content":39137,"nodeType":866},{},[39138],{"data":39139,"marks":39140,"value":39141,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently released the option to customize the look and feel of all employee-facing banners and block pages. ",{"data":39143,"content":39144,"nodeType":866},{},[39145,39149,39154],{"data":39146,"marks":39147,"value":39148,"nodeType":865},{},[],"From the ",{"data":39150,"marks":39151,"value":39153,"nodeType":865},{},[39152],{"type":926},"Settings",{"data":39155,"marks":39156,"value":39157,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page in the Push admin console, you can upload your logo, add accent colors, and choose from light or dark backgrounds.",{"data":39159,"content":39163,"nodeType":912},{"target":39160},{"sys":39161},{"id":39162,"type":909,"linkType":910},"51lk1VRP20G7H4PAoRZANI",[],{"data":39165,"content":39166,"nodeType":866},{},[39167],{"data":39168,"marks":39169,"value":39170,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Custom branding increases the trustworthiness of these in-the-moment security guardrails so that users recognize them immediately and act on their guidance.",{"data":39172,"content":39173,"nodeType":866},{},[39174],{"data":39175,"marks":39176,"value":39177,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The result: Better compliance and lower friction for you and your employees.",{"data":39179,"content":39180,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":39182,"content":39183,"nodeType":981},{},[39184],{"data":39185,"marks":39186,"value":2270,"nodeType":865},{},[39187],{"type":926},{"data":39189,"content":39190,"nodeType":866},{},[39191,39195,39202],{"data":39192,"marks":39193,"value":39194,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform stops browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking — ",{"data":39196,"content":39197,"nodeType":889},{"uri":152},[39198],{"data":39199,"marks":39200,"value":39201,"nodeType":865},{},[],"modern attack techniques",{"data":39203,"marks":39204,"value":39205,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that are the leading cause of breaches today.",{"data":39207,"content":39208,"nodeType":866},{},[39209],{"data":39210,"marks":39211,"value":39212,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either. You can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":39214,"content":39215,"nodeType":866},{},[39216,39220,39228,39232,39240,39244,39250],{"data":39217,"marks":39218,"value":39219,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Want to learn more about Push? Check out our latest ",{"data":39221,"content":39223,"nodeType":889},{"uri":39222},"/resources/product-brochure",[39224],{"data":39225,"marks":39226,"value":39227,"nodeType":865},{},[],"product overview",{"data":39229,"marks":39230,"value":39231,"nodeType":865},{},[],", visit our ",{"data":39233,"content":39235,"nodeType":889},{"uri":39234},"/product-demo/",[39236],{"data":39237,"marks":39238,"value":39239,"nodeType":865},{},[],"demo library",{"data":39241,"marks":39242,"value":39243,"nodeType":865},{},[],", or book some time with one of our team for a ",{"data":39245,"content":39246,"nodeType":889},{"uri":11316},[39247],{"data":39248,"marks":39249,"value":2298,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":39251,"marks":39252,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Guide: How to use Push controls to protect your users from modern browser threats","How to use in-browser controls to stop browser-based attacks before compromise can occur","2026-04-08T00:00:00.000Z","guide-how-to-use-push-controls-to-protect-your-users-from-modern-attacks",{"items":39258},[39259,39261],{"sys":39260,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":39262,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":39264},[39265],{"fullName":4680,"firstName":4681,"jobTitle":4616,"profilePicture":39266},{"url":4683},"blog/unpacking-the-vercel-breach",{"json":39269},{"data":39270,"content":39271,"nodeType":1382},{},[39272],{"data":39273,"content":39274,"nodeType":866},{},[39275],{"data":39276,"marks":39277,"value":39278,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In April 2026, Vercel was compromised via an OAuth app integrated into their Google Workspace tenant stemming from a compromised third-party AI SaaS provider. Here’s what you need to know. ",{"id":31660,"publishedAt":39280},"2026-08-12T12:01:06.679Z",{"items":39282},[39283,39285],{"sys":39284,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":39286,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":39288},[39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327],{"sys":39290,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":39292,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":39294,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":39296,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":39298,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":39300,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":39302,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},{"sys":39304,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45},{"id":630},{"sys":39306,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45},{"id":525},{"sys":39308,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":39310,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":39312,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":39314,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":39316,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":39318,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":39320,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":39322,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":39324,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":39326,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":39328,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},"7b4KOofBwc7_L33LnSIjbalheJLEQ9Kb7k3oS_lnjZk",{"id":39331,"title":39332,"authorsCollection":39333,"content":39338,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":40009,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":40011,"metaTitle":40012,"ogImage":59,"postType":12186,"publishedDate":40013,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":40014,"slug":42355,"stem":42356,"subtitle":59,"summary":42357,"synopsis":42368,"sys":42369,"tagsCollection":42372,"topicsCollection":42378,"__hash__":42406},"blog/blog/tiktok-phishing.json","Attackers are now targeting business TikTok accounts using session-stealing phishing kits",{"items":39334},[39335],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"socialLinks":39336,"profilePicture":39337},[8120],{"url":6570},{"json":39339,"links":39913},{"data":39340,"content":39341,"nodeType":1382},{},[39342,39349,39369,39375,39378,39386,39393,39400,39407,39430,39437,39456,39463,39469,39477,39484,39490,39496,39502,39508,39514,39520,39526,39529,39537,39544,39551,39571,39616,39623,39665,39670,39673,39680,39697,39704,39816,39823,39836,39843,39846,39853,39859,39865,39901,39907],{"data":39343,"content":39344,"nodeType":866},{},[39345],{"data":39346,"marks":39347,"value":39348,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently detected and blocked a new style of phishing page targeting TikTok for Business accounts — used by company marketing teams to manage ad campaigns. ",{"data":39350,"content":39351,"nodeType":866},{},[39352,39356,39365],{"data":39353,"marks":39354,"value":39355,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On closer analysis, we identified a cluster of linked pages featuring both TikTok themes, and Google themed “Schedule a Call” imitation pages, ",{"data":39357,"content":39359,"nodeType":889},{"uri":39358},"https://sublime.security/blog/google-careers-impersonation-credential-phishing-scam-with-endless-variation/",[39360],{"data":39361,"marks":39362,"value":39364,"nodeType":865},{},[39363],{"type":943},"similar to a campaign reported late last year",{"data":39366,"marks":39367,"value":39368,"nodeType":865},{},[],", suggesting a continuity of this previous campaign.",{"data":39370,"content":39374,"nodeType":912},{"target":39371},{"sys":39372},{"id":39373,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6mR622LOKuhGRfBXkIsUrx",[],{"data":39376,"content":39377,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":39379,"content":39380,"nodeType":981},{},[39381],{"data":39382,"marks":39383,"value":39385,"nodeType":865},{},[39384],{"type":926},"Campaign breakdown",{"data":39387,"content":39388,"nodeType":866},{},[39389],{"data":39390,"marks":39391,"value":39392,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push researchers have identified a cluster of newly registered phishing pages all registered on the 24th March within a 9-second window. All of the pages are hosted behind Cloudflare with the same registrar (Nicenic International Group, commonly abused for bulk phishing domain registration). ",{"data":39394,"content":39395,"nodeType":866},{},[39396],{"data":39397,"marks":39398,"value":39399,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The pages feature a common naming convention, being various derivations of welcome.careers*[.]com. A full list of identified domains is provided later, but we expect this to grow significantly as the campaign ramps up. ",{"data":39401,"content":39402,"nodeType":866},{},[39403],{"data":39404,"marks":39405,"value":39406,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Victims are tricked into clicking a malicious link that takes them to one of two page styles. ",{"data":39408,"content":39409,"nodeType":1616},{},[39410,39420],{"data":39411,"content":39412,"nodeType":1570},{},[39413],{"data":39414,"content":39415,"nodeType":866},{},[39416],{"data":39417,"marks":39418,"value":39419,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A TikTok for Business cloned page ",{"data":39421,"content":39422,"nodeType":1570},{},[39423],{"data":39424,"content":39425,"nodeType":866},{},[39426],{"data":39427,"marks":39428,"value":39429,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A Google careers “Schedule a call” cloned page",{"data":39431,"content":39432,"nodeType":866},{},[39433],{"data":39434,"marks":39435,"value":39436,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In both cases, the victim is required to complete a basic information form before being served with a malicious login page that is in fact fronting a reverse proxy AITM phishing kit. ",{"data":39438,"content":39439,"nodeType":866},{},[39440,39444,39452],{"data":39441,"marks":39442,"value":39443,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While Push has limited visibility of the initial delivery mechanism in this case, we can assume that a similar method of dynamically generated email is being used to the ",{"data":39445,"content":39446,"nodeType":889},{"uri":39358},[39447],{"data":39448,"marks":39449,"value":39451,"nodeType":865},{},[39450],{"type":943},"previously identified campaign",{"data":39453,"marks":39454,"value":39455,"nodeType":865},{},[]," reported by Sublime in October, featuring a similar Google Careers cloned page. ",{"data":39457,"content":39458,"nodeType":866},{},[39459],{"data":39460,"marks":39461,"value":39462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can see an example of the page load below. ",{"data":39464,"content":39468,"nodeType":912},{"target":39465},{"sys":39466},{"id":39467,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3wjGpMs3qJsZaar2LIlQbE",[],{"data":39470,"content":39471,"nodeType":1317},{},[39472],{"data":39473,"marks":39474,"value":39476,"nodeType":865},{},[39475],{"type":926},"Attack flow",{"data":39478,"content":39479,"nodeType":866},{},[39480],{"data":39481,"marks":39482,"value":39483,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When the link is first clicked, the page is silently redirected from a legitimate Google Storage site before loading the page. A Cloudflare Turnstile check is used to prevent security bots from analyzing the page, before loading either a TikTok or Google themed page. Progressing through the forms ultimately serves up an AITM phishing page.",{"data":39485,"content":39489,"nodeType":912},{"target":39486},{"sys":39487},{"id":39488,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5zoUeGW0zlC7u9vtHolskM",[],{"data":39491,"content":39495,"nodeType":912},{"target":39492},{"sys":39493},{"id":39494,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7eyc9v7xVZzXK8jY53I9li",[],{"data":39497,"content":39501,"nodeType":912},{"target":39498},{"sys":39499},{"id":39500,"type":909,"linkType":910},"37kj78jit44Mp6LCi7tEsC",[],{"data":39503,"content":39507,"nodeType":912},{"target":39504},{"sys":39505},{"id":39506,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4qaPOlBYeIfEoG2OZvl8lI",[],{"data":39509,"content":39513,"nodeType":912},{"target":39510},{"sys":39511},{"id":39512,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7cIFMDwHF2R8vswtJzWdKn",[],{"data":39515,"content":39519,"nodeType":912},{"target":39516},{"sys":39517},{"id":39518,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5YtrhvypdLkcSUoj2IEj24",[],{"data":39521,"content":39525,"nodeType":912},{"target":39522},{"sys":39523},{"id":39524,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7cc4UclvVVW3YuUVB8PpJp",[],{"data":39527,"content":39528,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":39530,"content":39531,"nodeType":981},{},[39532],{"data":39533,"marks":39534,"value":39536,"nodeType":865},{},[39535],{"type":926},"Why TikTok???",{"data":39538,"content":39539,"nodeType":866},{},[39540],{"data":39541,"marks":39542,"value":39543,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Given that the majority of phishing pages intercepted by Push tend to replicate core SSO platforms like Google and Microsoft, targeting TikTok is a notable development, though not entirely uncommon. ",{"data":39545,"content":39546,"nodeType":866},{},[39547],{"data":39548,"marks":39549,"value":39550,"nodeType":865},{},[],"TikTok seems a weird choice at first glance. But it makes more sense when we consider that TikTok has been historically abused to distribute malicious links and social engineering instructions. ",{"data":39552,"content":39553,"nodeType":866},{},[39554,39558,39567],{"data":39555,"marks":39556,"value":39557,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This includes multiple infostealers like Vidar, StealC, and Aura Stealer delivered via ClickFix-style instructions with AI-generated videos posed as activation guides for Windows, Spotify, and CapCut. They instructed viewers to open PowerShell and paste commands that downloaded infostealers from bulletproof hosting infrastructure. ",{"data":39559,"content":39561,"nodeType":889},{"uri":39560},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/05/hackers-use-tiktok-videos-to-distribute.html",[39562],{"data":39563,"marks":39564,"value":39566,"nodeType":865},{},[39565],{"type":943},"One video alone",{"data":39568,"marks":39569,"value":39570,"nodeType":865},{},[]," hit ~500,000 views and 20,000+ likes.",{"data":39572,"content":39573,"nodeType":866},{},[39574,39578,39587,39591,39600,39604,39612],{"data":39575,"marks":39576,"value":39577,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s also a common hunting ground for crypto scammers, like many other social platforms have historically been abused (most commonly Twitter/X). 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Previously, we’d seen this campaign use hosting sites Odoo and Kartra to similar effect. ",{"data":41869,"content":41873,"nodeType":912},{"target":41870},{"sys":41871},{"id":41872,"type":909,"linkType":910},"59dhFey5rahm5sA20NudTl",[],{"data":41875,"content":41876,"nodeType":866},{},[41877],{"data":41878,"marks":41879,"value":41880,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Upon clicking the link, the victim was taken to a clone of the real Ahrefs site. Crucially, you can see that the domain is not the official Ahrefs domain. ",{"data":41882,"content":41886,"nodeType":912},{"target":41883},{"sys":41884},{"id":41885,"type":909,"linkType":910},"48fQUiJXC1qACKUUPDliS5",[],{"data":41888,"content":41892,"nodeType":912},{"target":41889},{"sys":41890},{"id":41891,"type":909,"linkType":910},"77iqOW1jDVt5Oxw8qTwnKG",[],{"data":41894,"content":41895,"nodeType":866},{},[41896],{"data":41897,"marks":41898,"value":41899,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, the site is not fully interactable beyond the front page. Clicking on any link takes the user to a Google sign-in page. ",{"data":41901,"content":41905,"nodeType":912},{"target":41902},{"sys":41903},{"id":41904,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7t9BoUyIFN8dlBDksjsYlD",[],{"data":41907,"content":41908,"nodeType":866},{},[41909,41913,41920],{"data":41910,"marks":41911,"value":41912,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is in fact an AITM phishing page that is designed to hijack the victim’s Google account. Entering credentials and completing the MFA check will result in the attacker stealing the app session and effectively taking over the account. The phishing kit used matches ",{"data":41914,"content":41915,"nodeType":889},{"uri":41778},[41916],{"data":41917,"marks":41918,"value":41919,"nodeType":865},{},[],"the previous malvertising detected impersonating Google Ads",{"data":41921,"marks":41922,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":41924,"content":41925,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":41927,"content":41928,"nodeType":981},{},[41929],{"data":41930,"marks":41931,"value":41933,"nodeType":865},{},[41932],{"type":926},"Why are attackers targeting ad manager accounts?",{"data":41935,"content":41936,"nodeType":866},{},[41937],{"data":41938,"marks":41939,"value":41940,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ad Manager accounts on platforms like Google, Facebook, and LinkedIn have become lucrative targets for cybercriminals. By compromising these accounts, attackers can exploit the digital advertising ecosystem in various ways for financial gain. ",{"data":41942,"content":41943,"nodeType":866},{},[41944],{"data":41945,"marks":41946,"value":41947,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The ad industry’s scale makes it attractive to fraud. Estimates suggest digital ad fraud cost advertisers tens of billions, potentially nearing $100 billion or more, with projections reaching $172 billion by 2028.",{"data":41949,"content":41950,"nodeType":866},{},[41951],{"data":41952,"marks":41953,"value":41954,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A hijacked Google Ad Manager account gives attackers access to significant ad spend and account data which can be monetized illicitly. The tactics range from stealthy ad fraud to overt abuse like malicious ads or extortion schemes.",{"data":41956,"content":41957,"nodeType":866},{},[41958],{"data":41959,"marks":41960,"value":41961,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Pretty much every enterprise today advertises their services via Google ads — this makes attacks on these accounts pretty much a unanimous problem. Agencies managing numerous client accounts are put further at risk. For example, if an attacker can compromise an MCC account (used to manage several ad accounts) they get full access to the customer portfolio. ",{"data":41963,"content":41967,"nodeType":912},{"target":41964},{"sys":41965},{"id":41966,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1WPbstxHtdjnAKpF1rhCpW",[],{"data":41969,"content":41970,"nodeType":866},{},[41971,41975,41983],{"data":41972,"marks":41973,"value":41974,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about why attackers are targeting ad manager accounts ",{"data":41976,"content":41978,"nodeType":889},{"uri":41977},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis",[41979],{"data":41980,"marks":41981,"value":41982,"nodeType":865},{},[],"in our blog post",{"data":41984,"marks":41985,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":41987,"content":41988,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":41990,"content":41991,"nodeType":981},{},[41992],{"data":41993,"marks":41994,"value":41996,"nodeType":865},{},[41995],{"type":926},"Why malvertising? ",{"data":41998,"content":41999,"nodeType":866},{},[42000],{"data":42001,"marks":42002,"value":42003,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising scams happen across lots of different sites, but the most common platform we see targeted is Google Search. This takes advantage of users browsing to find a website and clicking the first link that appears — in this case a fake sponsored link taking you to the attacker’s page. ",{"data":42005,"content":42006,"nodeType":866},{},[42007,42011,42018,42022,42030,42033,42042,42045,42054],{"data":42008,"marks":42009,"value":42010,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising attacks delivered over channels like Google Search are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. Malvertising is an increasingly popular attack vector for the delivery of AITM phishing, malware downloads, and ",{"data":42012,"content":42013,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16837},[42014],{"data":42015,"marks":42016,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[42017],{"type":943},{"data":42019,"marks":42020,"value":42021,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push were delivered via Google Search). This isn’t just targeting ad manager accounts — last year, we reported on campaigns impersonating ",{"data":42023,"content":42024,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1082},[42025],{"data":42026,"marks":42027,"value":42029,"nodeType":865},{},[42028],{"type":943},"TradingView",{"data":42031,"marks":42032,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42034,"content":42036,"nodeType":889},{"uri":42035},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-with-active-directory-federation-services/",[42037],{"data":42038,"marks":42039,"value":42041,"nodeType":865},{},[42040],{"type":943},"Microsoft Office 365",{"data":42043,"marks":42044,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42046,"content":42048,"nodeType":889},{"uri":42047},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers/",[42049],{"data":42050,"marks":42051,"value":42053,"nodeType":865},{},[42052],{"type":943},"Onfido",{"data":42055,"marks":42056,"value":42057,"nodeType":865},{},[],", to name a few. ",{"data":42059,"content":42060,"nodeType":866},{},[42061],{"data":42062,"marks":42063,"value":42064,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There’s a tendency to see malvertising as a more random attack, but Google Ads can be tuned to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. Even more precise ad targeting can be achieved on social media platforms. ",{"data":42066,"content":42067,"nodeType":866},{},[42068],{"data":42069,"marks":42070,"value":42071,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because these attacks completely circumvent the traditional phishing detection surface (email) and often happen entirely over the internet (meaning no endpoint security controls can come into play) the only way to reliably detect and stop these attacks is to intercept them where they happen — in the user’s web browser. ",{"data":42073,"content":42074,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":42076,"content":42077,"nodeType":981},{},[42078],{"data":42079,"marks":42080,"value":42082,"nodeType":865},{},[42081],{"type":926},"How Push stopped the attack",{"data":42084,"content":42085,"nodeType":866},{},[42086],{"data":42087,"marks":42088,"value":42089,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Regardless of the delivery channel, all roads lead to a web page accessed in the victim’s browser, where Push is waiting to detect and block the attack. Even if the page has never been previously flagged as suspicious or malicious, Push analyses the page in real time and blocks it — protecting against the latest zero-day threats.  ",{"data":42091,"content":42092,"nodeType":866},{},[42093],{"data":42094,"marks":42095,"value":42096,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By seeing what your users see, and getting an unfiltered, real-time view of the page as it loads, Push is able to pinpoint malicious content, code, and behaviors and shut the attack down before it happens. Whether it's entering credentials onto a phishing page, approving a malicious OAuth grant, installing a risky browser extension, or insecurely accessing an app with a weak password and no MFA, Push detects the action and shuts it down.",{"data":42098,"content":42099,"nodeType":866},{},[42100],{"data":42101,"marks":42102,"value":42103,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack 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24th February] We also observed the following new domains:",{"data":42214,"content":42215,"nodeType":1616},{},[42216,42226,42236,42246],{"data":42217,"content":42218,"nodeType":1570},{},[42219],{"data":42220,"content":42221,"nodeType":866},{},[42222],{"data":42223,"marks":42224,"value":42225,"nodeType":865},{},[],"www-ahrefs-seo-ads[.]surge.sh",{"data":42227,"content":42228,"nodeType":1570},{},[42229],{"data":42230,"content":42231,"nodeType":866},{},[42232],{"data":42233,"marks":42234,"value":42235,"nodeType":865},{},[],"web-semrush-seo-wold[.]surge[.]sh",{"data":42237,"content":42238,"nodeType":1570},{},[42239],{"data":42240,"content":42241,"nodeType":866},{},[42242],{"data":42243,"marks":42244,"value":42245,"nodeType":865},{},[],"contabelforeehc[.]com",{"data":42247,"content":42248,"nodeType":1570},{},[42249],{"data":42250,"content":42251,"nodeType":866},{},[42252],{"data":42253,"marks":42254,"value":42255,"nodeType":865},{},[],"contabelfore[.]com",{"data":42257,"content":42258,"nodeType":866},{},[42259],{"data":42260,"marks":42261,"value":42262,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In 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December:",{"data":42264,"content":42265,"nodeType":1616},{},[42266,42276,42286,42296,42306,42316,42326],{"data":42267,"content":42268,"nodeType":1570},{},[42269],{"data":42270,"content":42271,"nodeType":866},{},[42272],{"data":42273,"marks":42274,"value":42275,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ads-adsword1.odoo[.]com",{"data":42277,"content":42278,"nodeType":1570},{},[42279],{"data":42280,"content":42281,"nodeType":866},{},[42282],{"data":42283,"marks":42284,"value":42285,"nodeType":865},{},[],"sing-operador2[.]click/accounts/v3/login",{"data":42287,"content":42288,"nodeType":1570},{},[42289],{"data":42290,"content":42291,"nodeType":866},{},[42292],{"data":42293,"marks":42294,"value":42295,"nodeType":865},{},[],"adsgooglie.odoo[.]com/",{"data":42297,"content":42298,"nodeType":1570},{},[42299],{"data":42300,"content":42301,"nodeType":866},{},[42302],{"data":42303,"marks":42304,"value":42305,"nodeType":865},{},[],"word4only[.]online/",{"data":42307,"content":42308,"nodeType":1570},{},[42309],{"data":42310,"content":42311,"nodeType":866},{},[42312],{"data":42313,"marks":42314,"value":42315,"nodeType":865},{},[],"adsloginacess.kartra[.]com/page/oeN7",{"data":42317,"content":42318,"nodeType":1570},{},[42319],{"data":42320,"content":42321,"nodeType":866},{},[42322],{"data":42323,"marks":42324,"value":42325,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ads-o.odoo[.]com",{"data":42327,"content":42328,"nodeType":1570},{},[42329],{"data":42330,"content":42331,"nodeType":866},{},[42332],{"data":42333,"marks":42334,"value":42335,"nodeType":865},{},[],"operador8-ads[.]lat/accounts/v3/login/",{"data":42337,"content":42338,"nodeType":866},{},[42339],{"data":42340,"marks":42341,"value":7163,"nodeType":865},{},[42342],{"type":926},"New samples linked to a Push-tracked malvertising campaign detected, targeting Google accounts via an Ahrefs lure. ","2026-01-12T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":42346},[42347,42349],{"sys":42348,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":42350,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":42352},[42353],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":42354},{"url":6570},"tiktok-phishing","blog/tiktok-phishing",{"json":42358},{"data":42359,"content":42360,"nodeType":1382},{},[42361],{"data":42362,"content":42363,"nodeType":866},{},[42364],{"data":42365,"marks":42366,"value":42367,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve identified a new wave of AITM phishing pages designed to hijack TikTok accounts. This seems like a weird target at first glance, but TikTok accounts are ripe for abuse in malvertising scams. 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Check out ",[],{},{"nodeType":889,"data":43480,"content":43482},{"uri":43481},"https://medium.com/@maurice.fielenbach/paste-with-caution-how-a-fake-claude-code-installer-drops-a-fileless-implant-via-deserialization-a85068955c0a",[43483],{"nodeType":865,"value":43484,"marks":43485,"data":43486},"this detailed analysis for one such teardown",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":3476,"marks":43488,"data":43489},[],{},{"nodeType":889,"data":43491,"content":43493},{"uri":43492},"https://www.reddit.com/r/CyberSecurityAdvice/comments/1riq3zj/i_accidentally_ran_a_suspicious_curl_command_in/",[43494],{"nodeType":865,"value":43495,"marks":43496,"data":43497},"this Reddit thread",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":43499,"marks":43500,"data":43501}," for another example.",[],{},"installfix insight box 4",{"sys":43504,"__typename":5778,"title":43505,"arcadeDemoUrl":43506,"playText":5781},{"id":13383},"ClickFix attack evolution demo","https://demo.arcade.software/UhbkGxUUQC8xpS5z88sx?embed",{"items":43508},[],{},"InstallFix: Weaponizing malvertised install guides  ",{"items":43512},[43513,44336,44928],{"__typename":1429,"sys":43514,"content":43516,"title":44322,"synopsis":44323,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":44324,"slug":44325,"tagsCollection":44326,"authorsCollection":44332},{"id":43515},"4jcVFrvGBtVXpKU3gDMaa2",{"json":43517},{"data":43518,"content":43519,"nodeType":1382},{},[43520,43538,43545,43551,43607,43614,43621,43624,43632,43639,43646,43700,43708,43715,43738,43745,43748,43756,43763,43770,43777,43784,43791,43798,43804,43812,43819,43838,43858,43861,43869,43876,43883,43890,43898,43917,43924,43930,43938,43958,43978,44091,44094,44102,44109,44116,44119,44127,44134,44141,44148,44215,44245,44248,44256,44263,44270,44277,44284,44310,44316],{"data":43521,"content":43522,"nodeType":866},{},[43523,43527,43534],{"data":43524,"marks":43525,"value":43526,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In December, the Push Security research team discovered and blocked a brand new attack technique that we coined ",{"data":43528,"content":43529,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6236},[43530],{"data":43531,"marks":43532,"value":6229,"nodeType":865},{},[43533],{"type":943},{"data":43535,"marks":43536,"value":43537,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This technique merged ClickFix-style social engineering with OAuth consent phishing to hijack Microsoft accounts. ",{"data":43539,"content":43540,"nodeType":866},{},[43541],{"data":43542,"marks":43543,"value":43544,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We saw this attack running across a large network of compromised websites that attackers were injecting the malicious payload into, forming a large-scale campaign that was detected across multiple customer estates. ",{"data":43546,"content":43550,"nodeType":912},{"target":43547},{"sys":43548},{"id":43549,"type":909,"linkType":910},"603MWDqc9NsqkklIkfGNZN",[],{"data":43552,"content":43553,"nodeType":866},{},[43554,43558,43567,43571,43579,43582,43591,43594,43603],{"data":43555,"marks":43556,"value":43557,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix got a pretty awesome response from the community in a very short space of time. Within days, ",{"data":43559,"content":43561,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43560},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAiiIY-Soak",[43562],{"data":43563,"marks":43564,"value":43566,"nodeType":865},{},[43565],{"type":943},"John Hammond shared a new and improved version of the technique",{"data":43568,"marks":43569,"value":43570,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that he’d spun up in his own lab, while security researchers from ",{"data":43572,"content":43574,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43573},"https://medium.com/@nitashathakur/consentfix-poc-how-the-attack-works-end-to-end-4f8b656f977d",[43575],{"data":43576,"marks":43577,"value":19700,"nodeType":865},{},[43578],{"type":943},{"data":43580,"marks":43581,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43583,"content":43585,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43584},"https://www.glueckkanja.com/en/posts/2025-12-31-vulnerability-consentfix",[43586],{"data":43587,"marks":43588,"value":43590,"nodeType":865},{},[43589],{"type":943},"Glueck Kanja",{"data":43592,"marks":43593,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43595,"content":43597,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43596},"https://msendpointmgr.com/2026/01/08/consentfix-quickfix/",[43598],{"data":43599,"marks":43600,"value":43602,"nodeType":865},{},[43601],{"type":943},"other individual contributors",{"data":43604,"marks":43605,"value":43606,"nodeType":865},{},[]," all shared analysis and recommendations. ",{"data":43608,"content":43609,"nodeType":866},{},[43610],{"data":43611,"marks":43612,"value":43613,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this blog, we’re sharing some new insights on the campaign, pulling together some of the top recommendations and resources shared across the community, and predicting what the future holds for this novel technique as it quickly enters the mainstream. ",{"data":43615,"content":43616,"nodeType":866},{},[43617],{"data":43618,"marks":43619,"value":43620,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First though, let’s quickly recap what ConsentFix is and how it works. ",{"data":43622,"content":43623,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":43625,"content":43626,"nodeType":981},{},[43627],{"data":43628,"marks":43629,"value":43631,"nodeType":865},{},[43630],{"type":926},"ConsentFix 101",{"data":43633,"content":43634,"nodeType":866},{},[43635],{"data":43636,"marks":43637,"value":43638,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix is an attack technique that prompts the victim to share an OAuth authorization code with an attacker via a phishing page. The attacker then enters this code into a target application on their own device in order to complete the authorization handshake and take over the account. ",{"data":43640,"content":43641,"nodeType":866},{},[43642],{"data":43643,"marks":43644,"value":43645,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By hijacking OAuth, attackers can effectively bypass identity-layer controls like passwords and MFA — even phishing resistant authentication methods like passkeys have no impact on this attack, because it sidesteps the authentication process altogether. ",{"data":43647,"content":43648,"nodeType":866},{},[43649,43653,43662,43665,43672,43676,43685,43689,43697],{"data":43650,"marks":43651,"value":43652,"nodeType":865},{},[],"OAuth abuse attacks are not new. Techniques like ",{"data":43654,"content":43656,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43655},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/consent_phishing/description.md",[43657],{"data":43658,"marks":43659,"value":43661,"nodeType":865},{},[43660],{"type":943},"consent phishing",{"data":43663,"marks":43664,"value":6889,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43666,"content":43667,"nodeType":889},{"uri":19509},[43668],{"data":43669,"marks":43670,"value":17001,"nodeType":865},{},[43671],{"type":943},{"data":43673,"marks":43674,"value":43675,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have been around for some time. However, these mainly focus on connecting your primary workspace account (e.g. Microsoft, Google, etc.) to a fraudulent, attacker-controlled application. But this is becoming increasingly difficult in core enterprise cloud environments like Azure due to ",{"data":43677,"content":43679,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43678},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/admin/misc/user-consent?view=o365-worldwide",[43680],{"data":43681,"marks":43682,"value":43684,"nodeType":865},{},[43683],{"type":943},"stricter default configs",{"data":43686,"marks":43687,"value":43688,"nodeType":865},{},[],". That said, device code phishing still featured prominently in the recent ",{"data":43690,"content":43691,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10024},[43692],{"data":43693,"marks":43694,"value":43696,"nodeType":865},{},[43695],{"type":943},"high-profile Salesforce attacks in 2025",{"data":43698,"marks":43699,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43701,"content":43702,"nodeType":1317},{},[43703],{"data":43704,"marks":43705,"value":43707,"nodeType":865},{},[43706],{"type":926},"What makes ConsentFix so dangerous?",{"data":43709,"content":43710,"nodeType":866},{},[43711],{"data":43712,"marks":43713,"value":43714,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unlike typical OAuth attacks, the novel ConsentFix approach enabled the attacker to target different types of application to what they usually go after — with big implications for detection and response. In this case, the attacker:",{"data":43716,"content":43717,"nodeType":1616},{},[43718,43728],{"data":43719,"content":43720,"nodeType":1570},{},[43721],{"data":43722,"content":43723,"nodeType":866},{},[43724],{"data":43725,"marks":43726,"value":43727,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Specifically targeted first-party Microsoft apps that cannot be restricted in the same way as third-party applications, and are pre-consented in every tenant (meaning users can authenticate to them without admin approval). ",{"data":43729,"content":43730,"nodeType":1570},{},[43731],{"data":43732,"content":43733,"nodeType":866},{},[43734],{"data":43735,"marks":43736,"value":43737,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Leveraged legacy scopes that are outside the scope of default logging to evade detection, and targeted scopes with known Conditional Access policy exclusions.",{"data":43739,"content":43740,"nodeType":866},{},[43741],{"data":43742,"marks":43743,"value":43744,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means that default controls you’d expect to block malicious OAuth grants don’t apply, you may not have logging enabled to detect it if it did happen to you, and to top it off, conditional access policy exclusions mean that many organizations’ expected controls don’t work as intended in this case. ",{"data":43746,"content":43747,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":43749,"content":43750,"nodeType":981},{},[43751],{"data":43752,"marks":43753,"value":43755,"nodeType":865},{},[43754],{"type":926},"ConsentFix campaign recap",{"data":43757,"content":43758,"nodeType":866},{},[43759],{"data":43760,"marks":43761,"value":43762,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s quickly recap how the ConsentFix campaign was implemented. ",{"data":43764,"content":43765,"nodeType":866},{},[43766],{"data":43767,"marks":43768,"value":43769,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The victim is served a page which requires that they verify that they are human by pasting a URL into the phishing page.",{"data":43771,"content":43772,"nodeType":866},{},[43773],{"data":43774,"marks":43775,"value":43776,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clicking the “Sign In” button opens a legitimate Microsoft login page. If the user is already logged in (which they likely are if working in their normal browser) their account information is already pre-populated and they won’t need to authenticate again. ",{"data":43778,"content":43779,"nodeType":866},{},[43780],{"data":43781,"marks":43782,"value":43783,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Selecting their account redirects them to a localhost URL containing an OAuth authorization code — this is what they then post into the original phishing page to complete the attack. ",{"data":43785,"content":43786,"nodeType":866},{},[43787],{"data":43788,"marks":43789,"value":43790,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once the attacker gets the URL, they can exchange it for an access token or refresh token for the particular application being targeted — in this case, Azure CLI.",{"data":43792,"content":43793,"nodeType":866},{},[43794],{"data":43795,"marks":43796,"value":43797,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The TL;DR is that the attacker is manually completing an authorization flow that happens when a user logs into Azure CLI — a a command line client that provides you with the ability to easily manage your Azure AD / Entra ID environment. Except in this case, they’re taking the victim’s information to log in on the attacker’s device instead. ",{"data":43799,"content":43803,"nodeType":912},{"target":43800},{"sys":43801},{"id":43802,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1eZOs7hXi9FzCE92QEP6xh",[],{"data":43805,"content":43806,"nodeType":1317},{},[43807],{"data":43808,"marks":43809,"value":43811,"nodeType":865},{},[43810],{"type":926},"Latest campaign details",{"data":43813,"content":43814,"nodeType":866},{},[43815],{"data":43816,"marks":43817,"value":43818,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Since we shared our blog post, we’ve had a number of additional details come to light about the campaign, which we’ve continued to track. ",{"data":43820,"content":43821,"nodeType":866},{},[43822,43826,43834],{"data":43823,"marks":43824,"value":43825,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It appears to be linked to Russian state-affiliated APT29, as corroborated by threat researchers we’ve been collaborating with. This is consistent with the ",{"data":43827,"content":43828,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6236},[43829],{"data":43830,"marks":43831,"value":43833,"nodeType":865},{},[43832],{"type":943},"stealthy tactics we observed",{"data":43835,"marks":43836,"value":43837,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which go far beyond the run-of-the-mill detection evasion techniques we see used in criminal phishing campaigns. ",{"data":43839,"content":43840,"nodeType":866},{},[43841,43845,43854],{"data":43842,"marks":43843,"value":43844,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It shares many similarities with, and appears to be an evolution of, ",{"data":43846,"content":43848,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43847},"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2025/12/04/dangerous-invitations-russian-threat-actor-spoofs-european-security-events-in-targeted-phishing-attacks/",[43849],{"data":43850,"marks":43851,"value":43853,"nodeType":865},{},[43852],{"type":943},"this Russia-affiliated campaign identified by Volexity",{"data":43855,"marks":43856,"value":43857,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that featured a manual version of the attack — where they victim was social engineered via email into opening the Microsoft URL, copying the localhost response, and sending it back to the attacker via email. ",{"data":43859,"content":43860,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":43862,"content":43863,"nodeType":981},{},[43864],{"data":43865,"marks":43866,"value":43868,"nodeType":865},{},[43867],{"type":926},"Top contributions from the community",{"data":43870,"content":43871,"nodeType":866},{},[43872],{"data":43873,"marks":43874,"value":43875,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we mentioned earlier, the community response to ConsentFix has been incredible. ",{"data":43877,"content":43878,"nodeType":866},{},[43879],{"data":43880,"marks":43881,"value":43882,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As ever, you get a lot of vendors covering the attack technique with “install our product” as the recommendation. This is to be expected, but it’s misleading when some of these vendors are pushing EDR products that would have absolutely no way of detecting or blocking the attack. ",{"data":43884,"content":43885,"nodeType":866},{},[43886],{"data":43887,"marks":43888,"value":43889,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But cutting through the marketing, a lot of really great resources and recommendations were shared. ",{"data":43891,"content":43892,"nodeType":1317},{},[43893],{"data":43894,"marks":43895,"value":43897,"nodeType":865},{},[43896],{"type":926},"V2.0 released by John Hammond",{"data":43899,"content":43900,"nodeType":866},{},[43901,43905,43913],{"data":43902,"marks":43903,"value":43904,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Within days, John Hammond ",{"data":43906,"content":43907,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43560},[43908],{"data":43909,"marks":43910,"value":43912,"nodeType":865},{},[43911],{"type":943},"posted about ConsentFix on his Youtube channel",{"data":43914,"marks":43915,"value":43916,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where he showed off a slick improvement on the ConsentFix implementation used by attackers. In his version, the URL containing the Microsoft authorization code was generated in a pop-up browser window that could simply be drag-and-dropped into the phishing page. ",{"data":43918,"content":43919,"nodeType":866},{},[43920],{"data":43921,"marks":43922,"value":43923,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This implementation is way smoother, making it much more likely that a victim would fall for it. And this took a matter of days… ",{"data":43925,"content":43929,"nodeType":912},{"target":43926},{"sys":43927},{"id":43928,"type":909,"linkType":910},"59tfJDRhGThKD48Wjg7uY2",[],{"data":43931,"content":43932,"nodeType":1317},{},[43933],{"data":43934,"marks":43935,"value":43937,"nodeType":865},{},[43936],{"type":926},"Additional vulnerable first-party apps identified",{"data":43939,"content":43940,"nodeType":866},{},[43941,43945,43954],{"data":43942,"marks":43943,"value":43944,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Fabian Bader and Dirk-jan Mollema from Glueck Kanja have ",{"data":43946,"content":43948,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43947},"https://entrascopes.com/?bypass=true&authcodeFix=true",[43949],{"data":43950,"marks":43951,"value":43953,"nodeType":865},{},[43952],{"type":943},"shared a great resource",{"data":43955,"marks":43956,"value":43957,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on wider first-party apps that are vulnerable to ConsentFix. ",{"data":43959,"content":43960,"nodeType":866},{},[43961,43965,43974],{"data":43962,"marks":43963,"value":43964,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In total, there are 11 apps vulnerable to ConsentFix that also have known ",{"data":43966,"content":43968,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43967},"https://cloudbrothers.info/conditional-access-bypasses/#documented-bypasses",[43969],{"data":43970,"marks":43971,"value":43973,"nodeType":865},{},[43972],{"type":943},"Conditional Access exclusions",{"data":43975,"marks":43976,"value":43977,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (either for the app generally, or when specific scopes are requested for the app):",{"data":43979,"content":43980,"nodeType":1616},{},[43981,43991,44001,44011,44021,44031,44041,44051,44061,44071,44081],{"data":43982,"content":43983,"nodeType":1570},{},[43984],{"data":43985,"content":43986,"nodeType":866},{},[43987],{"data":43988,"marks":43989,"value":43990,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft Azure CLI: 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46",{"data":43992,"content":43993,"nodeType":1570},{},[43994],{"data":43995,"content":43996,"nodeType":866},{},[43997],{"data":43998,"marks":43999,"value":44000,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft Azure PowerShell: 1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2",{"data":44002,"content":44003,"nodeType":1570},{},[44004],{"data":44005,"content":44006,"nodeType":866},{},[44007],{"data":44008,"marks":44009,"value":44010,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft Teams: 1fec8e78-bce4-4aaf-ab1b-5451cc387264",{"data":44012,"content":44013,"nodeType":1570},{},[44014],{"data":44015,"content":44016,"nodeType":866},{},[44017],{"data":44018,"marks":44019,"value":44020,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft Whiteboard Client: 57336123-6e14-4acc-8dcf-287b6088aa28",{"data":44022,"content":44023,"nodeType":1570},{},[44024],{"data":44025,"content":44026,"nodeType":866},{},[44027],{"data":44028,"marks":44029,"value":44030,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft Flow Mobile PROD-GCCH-CN: 57fcbcfa-7cee-4eb1-8b25-12d2030b4ee0",{"data":44032,"content":44033,"nodeType":1570},{},[44034],{"data":44035,"content":44036,"nodeType":866},{},[44037],{"data":44038,"marks":44039,"value":44040,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Enterprise Roaming and Backup: 60c8bde5-3167-4f92-8fdb-059f6176dc0",{"data":44042,"content":44043,"nodeType":1570},{},[44044],{"data":44045,"content":44046,"nodeType":866},{},[44047],{"data":44048,"marks":44049,"value":44050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Visual Studio: 872cd9fa-d31f-45e0-9eab-6e460a02d1f1",{"data":44052,"content":44053,"nodeType":1570},{},[44054],{"data":44055,"content":44056,"nodeType":866},{},[44057],{"data":44058,"marks":44059,"value":44060,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Aadrm Admin Powershell: 90f610bf-206d-4950-b61d-37fa6fd1b224",{"data":44062,"content":44063,"nodeType":1570},{},[44064],{"data":44065,"content":44066,"nodeType":866},{},[44067],{"data":44068,"marks":44069,"value":44070,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft SharePoint Online Management Shell: 9bc3ab49-b65d-410a-85ad-de819febfddc",{"data":44072,"content":44073,"nodeType":1570},{},[44074],{"data":44075,"content":44076,"nodeType":866},{},[44077],{"data":44078,"marks":44079,"value":44080,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft Power Query for Excel: a672d62c-fc7b-4e81-a576-e60dc46e951d",{"data":44082,"content":44083,"nodeType":1570},{},[44084],{"data":44085,"content":44086,"nodeType":866},{},[44087],{"data":44088,"marks":44089,"value":44090,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Visual Studio Code: aebc6443-996d-45c2-90f0-388ff96faa56",{"data":44092,"content":44093,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":44095,"content":44096,"nodeType":981},{},[44097],{"data":44098,"marks":44099,"value":44101,"nodeType":865},{},[44100],{"type":926},"Predictions for ConsentFix",{"data":44103,"content":44104,"nodeType":866},{},[44105],{"data":44106,"marks":44107,"value":44108,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Based on the speed at which new iterations on the ConsentFix technique were shared by security researchers, and the breadth of apps and possible scopes that can be leveraged, both red teams and criminals will inevitably adopt ConsentFix into their arsenal of TTPs in the near future. It is likely that new ConsentFix variants will emerge imminently (if not already in circulation). ",{"data":44110,"content":44111,"nodeType":866},{},[44112],{"data":44113,"marks":44114,"value":44115,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All security teams responsible for protecting Microsoft environments should ensure that monitoring controls and mitigations are put in place as a matter of high priority. ",{"data":44117,"content":44118,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":44120,"content":44121,"nodeType":981},{},[44122],{"data":44123,"marks":44124,"value":44126,"nodeType":865},{},[44125],{"type":926},"Updated recommendations for security teams",{"data":44128,"content":44129,"nodeType":866},{},[44130],{"data":44131,"marks":44132,"value":44133,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As an entirely browser-native attack technique, many traditional security tools and data sources are of limited use when it comes to detecting or pre-emptively blocking this attack. At the same time, the attack exploits default Microsoft security configs to evade both prevention and detection controls.",{"data":44135,"content":44136,"nodeType":866},{},[44137],{"data":44138,"marks":44139,"value":44140,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To be able to tackle modern attacks like ConsentFix that occur entirely within the browser context, it is vital that organizations look to monitor the browser as a detection surface, hunt for signs of malicious activity, and block attacks in real-time — in the same way that you would expect EDR to work for endpoint attacks. ",{"data":44142,"content":44143,"nodeType":866},{},[44144],{"data":44145,"marks":44146,"value":44147,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For organizations relying on Microsoft logging as the sole line of defense against this attack, there are some new recommendations to add to the list thanks to the community response: ",{"data":44149,"content":44150,"nodeType":1616},{},[44151,44174,44184,44205],{"data":44152,"content":44153,"nodeType":1570},{},[44154],{"data":44155,"content":44156,"nodeType":866},{},[44157,44161,44170],{"data":44158,"marks":44159,"value":44160,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ensure that logging for the deprecated ",{"data":44162,"content":44164,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44163},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/reference/tables/aadgraphactivitylogs",[44165],{"data":44166,"marks":44167,"value":44169,"nodeType":865},{},[44168],{"type":943},"AADGraphActivityLogs",{"data":44171,"marks":44172,"value":44173,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is enabled.",{"data":44175,"content":44176,"nodeType":1570},{},[44177],{"data":44178,"content":44179,"nodeType":866},{},[44180],{"data":44181,"marks":44182,"value":44183,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hunt in logs for the Application IDs highlighted above, along with the Resource IDs for Windows Azure Active Directory (00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000) and Microsoft Intune Checkin (26a4ae64-5862-427f-a9b0-044e62572a4f)",{"data":44185,"content":44186,"nodeType":1570},{},[44187],{"data":44188,"content":44189,"nodeType":866},{},[44190,44193,44201],{"data":44191,"marks":44192,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44194,"content":44195,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43596},[44196],{"data":44197,"marks":44198,"value":44200,"nodeType":865},{},[44199],{"type":943},"Create Service Principals for each of the vulnerable apps and restrict the users that are authorized to access them",{"data":44202,"marks":44203,"value":44204,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to reduce the attack surface of users that can be phished with this method.",{"data":44206,"content":44207,"nodeType":1570},{},[44208],{"data":44209,"content":44210,"nodeType":866},{},[44211],{"data":44212,"marks":44213,"value":44214,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block access to CLI tools via Conditional Access policy and issue exclusions for authorized users/groups. ",{"data":44216,"content":44217,"nodeType":866},{},[44218,44222,44231,44235,44242],{"data":44219,"marks":44220,"value":44221,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Additional resources that may be of use include community-created ",{"data":44223,"content":44225,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44224},"https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/pull/5485",[44226],{"data":44227,"marks":44228,"value":44230,"nodeType":865},{},[44229],{"type":943},"Elastic detection rules",{"data":44232,"marks":44233,"value":44234,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for ConsentFix and further mitigation and hunting guidance from ",{"data":44236,"content":44237,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43584},[44238],{"data":44239,"marks":44240,"value":43590,"nodeType":865},{},[44241],{"type":943},{"data":44243,"marks":44244,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44246,"content":44247,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":44249,"content":44250,"nodeType":981},{},[44251],{"data":44252,"marks":44253,"value":44255,"nodeType":865},{},[44254],{"type":926},"Learn more about Push Security",{"data":44257,"content":44258,"nodeType":866},{},[44259],{"data":44260,"marks":44261,"value":44262,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even though this was a brand new technique, Push intercepted this attack and shut it down before customers could interact with it. ",{"data":44264,"content":44265,"nodeType":866},{},[44266],{"data":44267,"marks":44268,"value":44269,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push tackles browser-based attacks using behavioral threat detection controls, powered by deep browser telemetry, to provide broad detection and blocking capabilities against attacks happening in the browser. This means analyzing the end-to-end process of a webpage loading/running in the browser, and how the user interacts with the page, to spot universal indicators of bad activity. ",{"data":44271,"content":44272,"nodeType":866},{},[44273],{"data":44274,"marks":44275,"value":44276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is the only reliable way to detect malicious websites in a world where IoC-based detections are trivial for attackers to get around. Rather than playing known-bad whac-a-mole, Push detects and blocks even zero-day browser threats in real time.",{"data":44278,"content":44279,"nodeType":866},{},[44280],{"data":44281,"marks":44282,"value":44283,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push stops browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, ConsentFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":44285,"content":44286,"nodeType":866},{},[44287,44290,44297,44300,44307],{"data":44288,"marks":44289,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44291,"content":44292,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[44293],{"data":44294,"marks":44295,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[44296],{"type":943},{"data":44298,"marks":44299,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44301,"content":44302,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[44303],{"data":44304,"marks":44305,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[44306],{"type":943},{"data":44308,"marks":44309,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44311,"content":44315,"nodeType":912},{"target":44312},{"sys":44313},{"id":44314,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4D7zpYAc1tTEAmn2hpkWPe",[],{"data":44317,"content":44318,"nodeType":866},{},[44319],{"data":44320,"marks":44321,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix debrief: latest community insights, recommendations, and predictions","New insights on the ConsentFix campaign stopped by Push.","2026-01-14T00:00:00.000Z","consentfix-debrief",{"items":44327},[44328,44330],{"sys":44329,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":44331,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":44333},[44334],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":44335},{"url":6570},{"__typename":1429,"sys":44337,"content":44339,"title":44914,"synopsis":44915,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":44916,"slug":44917,"tagsCollection":44918,"authorsCollection":44924},{"id":44338},"7rVNBW6rYXnXMpI0JEwzgR",{"json":44340},{"data":44341,"content":44342,"nodeType":1382},{},[44343,44350,44357,44369,44375,44382,44385,44393,44400,44406,44422,44429,44452,44459,44465,44468,44476,44509,44515,44534,44540,44559,44566,44572,44575,44583,44590,44610,44617,44637,44644,44650,44653,44661,44668,44701,44708,44715,44761,44779,44789,44796,44799,44807,44827,44834,44841,44847,44850,44857,44877,44903,44908],{"data":44344,"content":44345,"nodeType":866},{},[44346],{"data":44347,"marks":44348,"value":44349,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix attacks have skyrocketed in the last year. This social engineering attack has established itself as a key part of the modern attacker’s toolkit, tricking victims into running malicious code on their device.",{"data":44351,"content":44352,"nodeType":866},{},[44353],{"data":44354,"marks":44355,"value":44356,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we showcased in our last webinar and at our threat briefing in London earlier this month, ClickFix is evolving fast, in terms of the web pages themselves, the delivery mechanisms by which they are sent to victims, and the nature of the payload and its execution.",{"data":44358,"content":44359,"nodeType":866},{},[44360,44364],{"data":44361,"marks":44362,"value":44363,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One particular example stood out to us in our research. ",{"data":44365,"marks":44366,"value":44368,"nodeType":865},{},[44367],{"type":926},"So, is this the most advanced ClickFix you’ve seen?",{"data":44370,"content":44374,"nodeType":912},{"target":44371},{"sys":44372},{"id":44373,"type":909,"linkType":910},"ID7VKJNOZk729P5zBOBjZ",[],{"data":44376,"content":44377,"nodeType":866},{},[44378],{"data":44379,"marks":44380,"value":44381,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s break it down further.",{"data":44383,"content":44384,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":44386,"content":44387,"nodeType":981},{},[44388],{"data":44389,"marks":44390,"value":44392,"nodeType":865},{},[44391],{"type":926},"How ClickFix pages are evolving",{"data":44394,"content":44395,"nodeType":866},{},[44396],{"data":44397,"marks":44398,"value":44399,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The CloudFlare-based lure is a great example of how ClickFix pages themselves are evolving — and becoming increasingly convincing to users. ",{"data":44401,"content":44405,"nodeType":912},{"target":44402},{"sys":44403},{"id":44404,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4wJOgtofImjbsekyXMc5Ec",[],{"data":44407,"content":44408,"nodeType":866},{},[44409,44413,44418],{"data":44410,"marks":44411,"value":44412,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is an incredibly slick example — ",{"data":44414,"marks":44415,"value":44417,"nodeType":865},{},[44416],{"type":926},"it almost looks like Cloudflare shipped a new kind of bot check service. ",{"data":44419,"marks":44420,"value":44421,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The embedded video, countdown timer, and counter for “users verified in the last hour” all serve to increase the sense of authenticity, and put extra pressure on the victim to complete the check. ",{"data":44423,"content":44424,"nodeType":866},{},[44425],{"data":44426,"marks":44427,"value":44428,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are a couple of extra things happening under the hood here, too:",{"data":44430,"content":44431,"nodeType":1616},{},[44432,44442],{"data":44433,"content":44434,"nodeType":1570},{},[44435],{"data":44436,"content":44437,"nodeType":866},{},[44438],{"data":44439,"marks":44440,"value":44441,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The page is adapting to the device that you’re visiting from, serving up instructions specific to the user’s Mac (increasingly common as ClickFix expands to support different Operating Systems).",{"data":44443,"content":44444,"nodeType":1570},{},[44445],{"data":44446,"content":44447,"nodeType":866},{},[44448],{"data":44449,"marks":44450,"value":44451,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The page is automatically copying the malicious code to the user’s clipboard via JavaScript (which we see in 9/10 cases).",{"data":44453,"content":44454,"nodeType":866},{},[44455],{"data":44456,"marks":44457,"value":44458,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For the past decade or more, user awareness has focused on stopping users from clicking links in suspicious emails, downloading risky files, and entering their username and password into random websites. It hasn’t focused on opening up a program and running a command — so it’s no surprise that this kind of highly convincing page is so effective at duping victims into following the instructions. ",{"data":44460,"content":44464,"nodeType":912},{"target":44461},{"sys":44462},{"id":44463,"type":909,"linkType":910},"LiVIyGxdAaUXUfvKjD6ON",[],{"data":44466,"content":44467,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":44469,"content":44470,"nodeType":981},{},[44471],{"data":44472,"marks":44473,"value":44475,"nodeType":865},{},[44474],{"type":926},"How ClickFix delivery methods are evolving",{"data":44477,"content":44478,"nodeType":866},{},[44479,44483,44492,44496,44505],{"data":44480,"marks":44481,"value":44482,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There’s also the fact that this page wasn’t accessed via email. The top delivery vector for ClickFix attacks that we’ve observed is, in fact, Google Search — in the form of ",{"data":44484,"content":44486,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44485},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/malvertising/",[44487],{"data":44488,"marks":44489,"value":44491,"nodeType":865},{},[44490],{"type":943},"poisoned search results and malicious advertising (malvertising)",{"data":44493,"marks":44494,"value":44495,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Attackers are either taking over legitimate sites (there’s a ",{"data":44497,"content":44499,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44498},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-launch-mass-attacks-exploiting-outdated-wordpress-plugins/",[44500],{"data":44501,"marks":44502,"value":44504,"nodeType":865},{},[44503],{"type":943},"steady supply of website hosting and CMS vulnerabilities",{"data":44506,"marks":44507,"value":44508,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to take advantage of) or simply vibe-coding their own sites and optimizing them for various search terms. ",{"data":44510,"content":44514,"nodeType":912},{"target":44511},{"sys":44512},{"id":44513,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6N9EmH6AaN6Hr4xk6ozATR",[],{"data":44516,"content":44517,"nodeType":866},{},[44518,44522,44531],{"data":44519,"marks":44520,"value":44521,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And because most anti-phishing controls are implemented via email, by using ",{"data":44523,"content":44525,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44524},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-moving-beyond-email-based-phishing?utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[44526],{"data":44527,"marks":44528,"value":44530,"nodeType":865},{},[44529],{"type":943},"non-email delivery vectors, an entire layer of detection opportunity is cut out",{"data":44532,"marks":44533,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44535,"content":44539,"nodeType":912},{"target":44536},{"sys":44537},{"id":44538,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1CWsZlLFX9TS53J1uamOG8",[],{"data":44541,"content":44542,"nodeType":866},{},[44543,44547,44555],{"data":44544,"marks":44545,"value":44546,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But even when they are sent via email, ClickFix pages, like other modern phishing sites, are using a range of ",{"data":44548,"content":44550,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44549},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-detection-evasion-launch?utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[44551],{"data":44552,"marks":44553,"value":19925,"nodeType":865},{},[44554],{"type":943},{"data":44556,"marks":44557,"value":44558,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that prevent them being flagged by security tools — from email scanners, to web-crawling security tools, to web proxies analyzing network traffic. Detection evasion mainly involves camouflaging and rotating domains to stay ahead of known-bad detections (i.e. blocklists), using bot protection to prevent analysis, and heavily obfuscating page content to stop detection signatures firing. ",{"data":44560,"content":44561,"nodeType":866},{},[44562],{"data":44563,"marks":44564,"value":44565,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, because the code is copied inside the browser sandbox, typical security tools are unable to observe and flag this action as potentially malicious. This means that the last — and only — opportunity for organizations to stop ClickFix is on the endpoint, after the user has attempted to run the malicious code.",{"data":44567,"content":44571,"nodeType":912},{"target":44568},{"sys":44569},{"id":44570,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3HiqpIBWWMr5FMi3IBzXcc",[],{"data":44573,"content":44574,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":44576,"content":44577,"nodeType":981},{},[44578],{"data":44579,"marks":44580,"value":44582,"nodeType":865},{},[44581],{"type":926},"How ClickFix payloads are evolving",{"data":44584,"content":44585,"nodeType":866},{},[44586],{"data":44587,"marks":44588,"value":44589,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s not just the ClickFix page and delivery mechanisms that are evolving — the services where code is being run, and the type of payload, are also increasingly varied. ",{"data":44591,"content":44592,"nodeType":866},{},[44593,44597,44606],{"data":44594,"marks":44595,"value":44596,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While the main payloads observed by Push are mshta and PowerShell, ",{"data":44598,"content":44600,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44599},"https://mhaggis.github.io/ClickGrab/techniques.html",[44601],{"data":44602,"marks":44603,"value":44605,"nodeType":865},{},[44604],{"type":943},"attackers are abusing a wide range of LOLBINS",{"data":44607,"marks":44608,"value":44609,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeting different services across Operating Systems.",{"data":44611,"content":44612,"nodeType":866},{},[44613],{"data":44614,"marks":44615,"value":44616,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While it is possible to disable the Win+R dialog box and limit the applications that can be run from the File Explorer address bar, it is not possible to similarly restrict users from interacting with other legitimate services to run malicious commands. ",{"data":44618,"content":44619,"nodeType":866},{},[44620,44624,44633],{"data":44621,"marks":44622,"value":44623,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another recent example termed ",{"data":44625,"content":44627,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44626},"https://expel.com/blog/cache-smuggling-when-a-picture-isnt-a-thousand-words/",[44628],{"data":44629,"marks":44630,"value":44632,"nodeType":865},{},[44631],{"type":943},"cache smuggling",{"data":44634,"marks":44635,"value":44636,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was also identified by security researchers. This technique combines a ClickFix approach with JavaScript that caches a malicious file posing as a JPG. This means that the ClickFix command executes locally — effectively getting an entire zip file onto the local system without the PowerShell command needing to make any web requests.",{"data":44638,"content":44639,"nodeType":866},{},[44640],{"data":44641,"marks":44642,"value":44643,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, it’s worth considering the future of ClickFix. The current attack path straddles browser and endpoint — what if it could take place entirely in the browser and evade EDR altogether? ",{"data":44645,"content":44649,"nodeType":912},{"target":44646},{"sys":44647},{"id":44648,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2rUDKawJnrmZVtxfNcSNha",[],{"data":44651,"content":44652,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":44654,"content":44655,"nodeType":981},{},[44656],{"data":44657,"marks":44658,"value":44660,"nodeType":865},{},[44659],{"type":926},"What’s the impact of ClickFix evolution?",{"data":44662,"content":44663,"nodeType":866},{},[44664],{"data":44665,"marks":44666,"value":44667,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To summarize:",{"data":44669,"content":44670,"nodeType":1616},{},[44671,44681,44691],{"data":44672,"content":44673,"nodeType":1570},{},[44674],{"data":44675,"content":44676,"nodeType":866},{},[44677],{"data":44678,"marks":44679,"value":44680,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix pages are becoming increasingly sophisticated, making it more likely that victims will fall for the social engineering.",{"data":44682,"content":44683,"nodeType":1570},{},[44684],{"data":44685,"content":44686,"nodeType":866},{},[44687],{"data":44688,"marks":44689,"value":44690,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix delivery is evading traditional monitoring controls at the email layer to reach victims. ",{"data":44692,"content":44693,"nodeType":1570},{},[44694],{"data":44695,"content":44696,"nodeType":866},{},[44697],{"data":44698,"marks":44699,"value":44700,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix payloads are becoming more varied and are finding new ways to evade security controls. ",{"data":44702,"content":44703,"nodeType":866},{},[44704],{"data":44705,"marks":44706,"value":44707,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means that EDR-based interception of malware execution is the last — and only — real line of defense for most organizations, kicking in after the initial script has been run (typically acting as a stager for the real malware). ",{"data":44709,"content":44710,"nodeType":866},{},[44711],{"data":44712,"marks":44713,"value":44714,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malware execution can and should be intercepted by EDR, but it’s not foolproof. ",{"data":44716,"content":44717,"nodeType":1616},{},[44718,44741,44751],{"data":44719,"content":44720,"nodeType":1570},{},[44721],{"data":44722,"content":44723,"nodeType":866},{},[44724,44728,44737],{"data":44725,"marks":44726,"value":44727,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are constantly ",{"data":44729,"content":44731,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44730},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/logins-zip-leverages-chromium-zero-day-stealthy-infostealer-builder-promises-99-credential-theft-in-under-12-seconds/",[44732],{"data":44733,"marks":44734,"value":44736,"nodeType":865},{},[44735],{"type":943},"developing new tools and capabilities",{"data":44738,"marks":44739,"value":44740,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to bypass EDR in the cat-and-mouse game between attackers and defenders.",{"data":44742,"content":44743,"nodeType":1570},{},[44744],{"data":44745,"content":44746,"nodeType":866},{},[44747],{"data":44748,"marks":44749,"value":44750,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because ClickFix attacks are user initiated, context might be missing that lead to the alert being misclassified. This can mean the difference between the level of priority alert that is raised, and whether or not it is automatically blocked.",{"data":44752,"content":44753,"nodeType":1570},{},[44754],{"data":44755,"content":44756,"nodeType":866},{},[44757],{"data":44758,"marks":44759,"value":44760,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re an organization that allows employees and contractors to use unmanaged BYOD devices, there’s a strong chance that there are gaps in your EDR coverage.",{"data":44762,"content":44763,"nodeType":866},{},[44764,44768,44775],{"data":44765,"marks":44766,"value":44767,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is why attackers are doubling down. According to the ",{"data":44769,"content":44770,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37675},[44771],{"data":44772,"marks":44773,"value":44774,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2025 Microsoft Digital Defense report",{"data":44776,"marks":44777,"value":44778,"nodeType":865},{},[],", ClickFix was the most common initial access method in the last year, accounting for 47% of attacks. That's a pretty significant stat.",{"data":44780,"content":44781,"nodeType":6348},{},[44782],{"data":44783,"content":44784,"nodeType":866},{},[44785],{"data":44786,"marks":44787,"value":44788,"nodeType":865},{},[],"47% of attacks started with ClickFix in the last year, according to Microsoft.",{"data":44790,"content":44791,"nodeType":866},{},[44792],{"data":44793,"marks":44794,"value":44795,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ultimately, organizations are leaving themselves relying on a single line of defense — if the attack isn’t detected and blocked by EDR, it isn’t spotted at all. ",{"data":44797,"content":44798,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":44800,"content":44801,"nodeType":981},{},[44802],{"data":44803,"marks":44804,"value":44806,"nodeType":865},{},[44805],{"type":926},"Don’t gamble on a single point of failure ",{"data":44808,"content":44809,"nodeType":866},{},[44810,44814,44823],{"data":44811,"marks":44812,"value":44813,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s latest feature, ",{"data":44815,"content":44817,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44816},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection?utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[44818],{"data":44819,"marks":44820,"value":44822,"nodeType":865},{},[44821],{"type":943},"malicious copy and paste detection",{"data":44824,"marks":44825,"value":44826,"nodeType":865},{},[],", tackles ClickFix-style attacks at the earliest opportunity through browser-based detection and blocking. This is a universally effective control that works regardless of the lure delivery channel, page style and structure, or the specifics of the malware type and execution.",{"data":44828,"content":44829,"nodeType":866},{},[44830],{"data":44831,"marks":44832,"value":44833,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unlike heavy-handed DLP solutions that block copy-paste altogether, Push protects your employees without disrupting their user experience or hampering productivity.",{"data":44835,"content":44836,"nodeType":866},{},[44837],{"data":44838,"marks":44839,"value":44840,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By adding a new layer of protection in the browser, security teams can reduce the strain on their EDR and reduce the risk of host-based controls being bypassed through misconfiguration or attacker innovation. ",{"data":44842,"content":44846,"nodeType":912},{"target":44843},{"sys":44844},{"id":44845,"type":909,"linkType":910},"sALkMt8UbTZ2f34hKvGLj",[],{"data":44848,"content":44849,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":44851,"content":44852,"nodeType":981},{},[44853],{"data":44854,"marks":44855,"value":11295,"nodeType":865},{},[44856],{"type":926},{"data":44858,"content":44859,"nodeType":866},{},[44860,44864,44873],{"data":44861,"marks":44862,"value":44863,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want to learn more about ClickFix attacks and how they’re evolving, ",{"data":44865,"content":44867,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44866},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/clickfix",[44868],{"data":44869,"marks":44870,"value":44872,"nodeType":865},{},[44871],{"type":943},"check out our latest webinar (now available on-demand!)",{"data":44874,"marks":44875,"value":44876,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where we dive into real-world ClickFix examples and demonstrate how ClickFix sites work under the hood. ",{"data":44878,"content":44879,"nodeType":866},{},[44880,44883,44890,44893,44900],{"data":44881,"marks":44882,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44884,"content":44885,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[44886],{"data":44887,"marks":44888,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[44889],{"type":943},{"data":44891,"marks":44892,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44894,"content":44895,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[44896],{"data":44897,"marks":44898,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[44899],{"type":943},{"data":44901,"marks":44902,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44904,"content":44907,"nodeType":912},{"target":44905},{"sys":44906},{"id":44463,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":44909,"content":44910,"nodeType":866},{},[44911],{"data":44912,"marks":44913,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most advanced ClickFix yet?","Breaking down the most sophisticated ClickFix page we’ve seen in the wild — and what it tells us about the future of malicious copy-and-paste attacks. ","2025-11-06T00:00:00.000Z","the-most-advanced-clickfix-yet",{"items":44919},[44920,44922],{"sys":44921,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":44923,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":44925},[44926],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":44927},{"url":6570},{"__typename":1429,"sys":44929,"content":44931,"title":45551,"synopsis":45552,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":45553,"slug":45554,"tagsCollection":45555,"authorsCollection":45561},{"id":44930},"1u8RJxC00HbBhCBVxcDnkK",{"json":44932},{"data":44933,"content":44934,"nodeType":1382},{},[44935,44980,45037,45052,45057,45064,45067,45075,45082,45089,45096,45116,45123,45129,45147,45153,45156,45164,45171,45179,45199,45206,45213,45220,45228,45235,45242,45248,45255,45288,45294,45302,45321,45328,45351,45358,45365,45371,45378,45381,45389,45403,45423,45430,45437,45444,45449,45457,45476,45479,45486,45493,45500,45507,45514,45540,45545],{"data":44936,"content":44937,"nodeType":866},{},[44938,44942,44950,44954,44963,44967,44976],{"data":44939,"marks":44940,"value":44941,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the biggest security trends in the past year has been the emergence of the attack technique known as ",{"data":44943,"content":44945,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44944},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/08/21/think-before-you-clickfix-analyzing-the-clickfix-social-engineering-technique/",[44946],{"data":44947,"marks":44948,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[44949],{"type":943},{"data":44951,"marks":44952,"value":44953,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Various reports indicate that ClickFix is fast becoming one of the most prevalent attack techniques this year, with ",{"data":44955,"content":44957,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44956},"https://www.scworld.com/news/clickfix-phishing-links-increased-nearly-400-in-12-months-report-says",[44958],{"data":44959,"marks":44960,"value":44962,"nodeType":865},{},[44961],{"type":943},"one study",{"data":44964,"marks":44965,"value":44966,"nodeType":865},{},[]," reporting that email-based ClickFix attacks have increased by 400% YOY, and ",{"data":44968,"content":44970,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44969},"https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/threat-reports/eset-threat-report-h12025.pdf",[44971],{"data":44972,"marks":44973,"value":44975,"nodeType":865},{},[44974],{"type":943},"another",{"data":44977,"marks":44978,"value":44979,"nodeType":865},{},[]," highlighting a 517% increase in the past 6 months. ",{"data":44981,"content":44982,"nodeType":866},{},[44983,44987,44996,44999,45008,45011,45020,45024,45033],{"data":44984,"marks":44985,"value":44986,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix is known to be regularly used by the Interlock ransomware group and other prolific threat actors. A number of recent public data breaches have been linked to ClickFix attacks as the attack vector, such as ",{"data":44988,"content":44990,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44989},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/kettering-health-confirms-interlock-ransomware-behind-cyberattack/",[44991],{"data":44992,"marks":44993,"value":44995,"nodeType":865},{},[44994],{"type":943},"Kettering Health",{"data":44997,"marks":44998,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45000,"content":45002,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45001},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/interlock-ransomware-claims-davita-attack-leaks-stolen-data/",[45003],{"data":45004,"marks":45005,"value":45007,"nodeType":865},{},[45006],{"type":943},"DaVita",{"data":45009,"marks":45010,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45012,"content":45014,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45013},"https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/st-paul-mayor-interlock-data-leak/",[45015],{"data":45016,"marks":45017,"value":45019,"nodeType":865},{},[45018],{"type":943},"City of St. Paul, Minnesota",{"data":45021,"marks":45022,"value":45023,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and the ",{"data":45025,"content":45027,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45026},"https://www.blackfog.com/texas-tech-cyberattack-1-4m-records-compromised/",[45028],{"data":45029,"marks":45030,"value":45032,"nodeType":865},{},[45031],{"type":943},"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centers",{"data":45034,"marks":45035,"value":45036,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (with many more breaches likely to involve ClickFix where the attack vector wasn’t known or disclosed).",{"data":45038,"content":45039,"nodeType":866},{},[45040,45044,45048],{"data":45041,"marks":45042,"value":45043,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s latest feature, ",{"data":45045,"marks":45046,"value":44822,"nodeType":865},{},[45047],{"type":926},{"data":45049,"marks":45050,"value":45051,"nodeType":865},{},[],", tackles ClickFix-style attacks at the earliest opportunity through browser-based detection, with a universally effective control that works regardless of the lure delivery channel, or page style and structure. ",{"data":45053,"content":45056,"nodeType":912},{"target":45054},{"sys":45055},{"id":44845,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":45058,"content":45059,"nodeType":866},{},[45060],{"data":45061,"marks":45062,"value":45063,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Before we get into the specifics of the feature, let’s take a look at what ClickFix is and why it poses a detection and response challenge to security teams.",{"data":45065,"content":45066,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":45068,"content":45069,"nodeType":981},{},[45070],{"data":45071,"marks":45072,"value":45074,"nodeType":865},{},[45073],{"type":926},"ClickFix 101",{"data":45076,"content":45077,"nodeType":866},{},[45078],{"data":45079,"marks":45080,"value":45081,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix attacks prompt the user to solve some kind of problem or challenge in the browser — most commonly a CAPTCHA, but also things like fixing an error on a webpage. The name is a little misleading though — the key factor in the attack is that they trick users into running malicious commands on their device by copying malicious code from the page clipboard and running it locally. (For simplicity we’ll keep calling it ClickFix, but we’re not happy about it.)",{"data":45083,"content":45084,"nodeType":866},{},[45085],{"data":45086,"marks":45087,"value":45088,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The copy action is either performed manually by the user, or automatically by the page. Manual copies typically include additional social engineering to lure the victim into hitting CTRL+C, while automatic copies are performed using JavaScript running on the page. Most ClickFix pages we've seen are automatic copies, which makes sense — fewer steps means the user is more likely to follow the instruction.",{"data":45090,"content":45091,"nodeType":866},{},[45092],{"data":45093,"marks":45094,"value":45095,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most commonly, these attacks are used to deliver remote access software or infostealer malware using stolen session cookies and credentials to facilitate attacks on business apps and services. From there, the attacker simply dumps the data and holds the victim to ransom for its deletion — often dropping ransomware afterwards for double the extortion. ",{"data":45097,"content":45098,"nodeType":866},{},[45099,45103,45112],{"data":45100,"marks":45101,"value":45102,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack gives the victim instructions that involve clicking prompts and copying, pasting, and running commands directly in the Windows Run dialog box, Terminal, or PowerShell in order to “fix” the fake problem that they’re experiencing. Variants such as ",{"data":45104,"content":45106,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45105},"https://mrd0x.com/filefix-clickfix-alternative/",[45107],{"data":45108,"marks":45109,"value":45111,"nodeType":865},{},[45110],{"type":943},"FileFix",{"data":45113,"marks":45114,"value":45115,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have also emerged which instead use the File Explorer Address Bar to execute OS commands.",{"data":45117,"content":45118,"nodeType":866},{},[45119],{"data":45120,"marks":45121,"value":45122,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Links to malicious ClickFix pages are distributed over various delivery channels, with attacks shifting from traditional email-based delivery to social media, instant messaging apps, malicious ads in places like Google Search, and using in-app notifications and messages across numerous SaaS services. ",{"data":45124,"content":45128,"nodeType":912},{"target":45125},{"sys":45126},{"id":45127,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1I9ERDY2tuspw5zVMV5DbY",[],{"data":45130,"content":45131,"nodeType":866},{},[45132,45136,45143],{"data":45133,"marks":45134,"value":45135,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix comes in a variety of lures, including impersonating CAPTCHA, Cloudflare Turnstile, simulating an error loading a webpage, and many more. They have also been observed targeting a ",{"data":45137,"content":45138,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44599},[45139],{"data":45140,"marks":45141,"value":45142,"nodeType":865},{},[],"wide range of services",{"data":45144,"marks":45145,"value":45146,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to execute code. ",{"data":45148,"content":45152,"nodeType":912},{"target":45149},{"sys":45150},{"id":45151,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1SG52ta1hcBZ3gYDsSJvsm",[],{"data":45154,"content":45155,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":45157,"content":45158,"nodeType":981},{},[45159],{"data":45160,"marks":45161,"value":45163,"nodeType":865},{},[45162],{"type":926},"Why are ClickFix attacks so effective?",{"data":45165,"content":45166,"nodeType":866},{},[45167],{"data":45168,"marks":45169,"value":45170,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To understand the effectiveness of ClickFix-style attacks, we need to look more closely at the mechanisms that security teams have at their disposal to counter these attacks. ",{"data":45172,"content":45173,"nodeType":1317},{},[45174],{"data":45175,"marks":45176,"value":45178,"nodeType":865},{},[45177],{"type":926},"Detection challenges during delivery",{"data":45180,"content":45181,"nodeType":866},{},[45182,45186,45195],{"data":45183,"marks":45184,"value":45185,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve written extensively about ",{"data":45187,"content":45189,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45188},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-detection-evasion-launch/",[45190],{"data":45191,"marks":45192,"value":45194,"nodeType":865},{},[45193],{"type":943},"the evolution in phishing techniques and tooling",{"data":45196,"marks":45197,"value":45198,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and what this means for the reliability of traditional detections at the network and endpoint layer. ",{"data":45200,"content":45201,"nodeType":866},{},[45202],{"data":45203,"marks":45204,"value":45205,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The latest generation of phishing pages are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection (e.g. CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using runtime anti-analysis features, and using legitimate SaaS and cloud services to host and deliver phishing links to cover their tracks.",{"data":45207,"content":45208,"nodeType":866},{},[45209],{"data":45210,"marks":45211,"value":45212,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means that traditional anti-phishing tools at the email and network layer are struggling to keep up, with many attacks evading email-based detections (or bypassing email altogether). At the same time, proxy-based solutions now see a garbled mess of JavaScript code without the necessary context of what is actually happening in the browser to be able to piece it together effectively. Even if they don’t realize it, this means many organizations are now relying solely on blocking known-bad sites and hosts — a wildly ineffective solution in 2025 with the rate that attackers refresh and rotate their phishing infrastructure. ",{"data":45214,"content":45215,"nodeType":866},{},[45216],{"data":45217,"marks":45218,"value":45219,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In addition to the fact that ClickFix page styles and content can vary significantly, this means that detecting ClickFix delivery using traditional tooling is highly unreliable. ",{"data":45221,"content":45222,"nodeType":1317},{},[45223],{"data":45224,"marks":45225,"value":45227,"nodeType":865},{},[45226],{"type":926},"Detection challenges during execution",{"data":45229,"content":45230,"nodeType":866},{},[45231],{"data":45232,"marks":45233,"value":45234,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most of the detection heavy lifting is being done at the endpoint, looking for user-level code execution and malware running on a device. ",{"data":45236,"content":45237,"nodeType":866},{},[45238],{"data":45239,"marks":45240,"value":45241,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, the number of ClickFix-related headlines in the news would indicate that endpoint controls are being routinely bypassed, or perhaps evaded altogether by targeting personal or BYOD devices. ",{"data":45243,"content":45247,"nodeType":912},{"target":45244},{"sys":45245},{"id":45246,"type":909,"linkType":910},"pocty4OhER5EXr8BDwdzo",[],{"data":45249,"content":45250,"nodeType":866},{},[45251],{"data":45252,"marks":45253,"value":45254,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are a number of reasons that endpoint-level ClickFix detections can be bypassed:",{"data":45256,"content":45257,"nodeType":1616},{},[45258,45268,45278],{"data":45259,"content":45260,"nodeType":1570},{},[45261],{"data":45262,"content":45263,"nodeType":866},{},[45264],{"data":45265,"marks":45266,"value":45267,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The step of downloading a file from the web is bypassed altogether. In a ClickFix/FileFix attack, the initial “dropper” is essentially a command string provided by the attacker and executed by legitimate system utilities. There is often no new executable file written to disk when the user runs the command. The final payload may be loaded directly into memory or injected into trusted programs (using living-off-the-land techniques). Without a file to quarantine, there's no \"Mark of the Web\" to make it appear suspicious. ",{"data":45269,"content":45270,"nodeType":1570},{},[45271],{"data":45272,"content":45273,"nodeType":866},{},[45274],{"data":45275,"marks":45276,"value":45277,"nodeType":865},{},[],"From the EDR’s point of view, a trusted parent process is launching a script – which might not immediately be judged as malicious, especially if the command is obfuscated or uses allowed system functions. Since the action is initiated by the user, it blends in with normal user-driven administration tasks. ",{"data":45279,"content":45280,"nodeType":1570},{},[45281],{"data":45282,"content":45283,"nodeType":866},{},[45284],{"data":45285,"marks":45286,"value":45287,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The PowerShell commands themselves might be obfuscated or broken into stages to avoid easy detection by heuristic rules. EDR telemetry might record that a PowerShell process ran, but without a known bad signature or a clear policy violation, it may not flag it immediately. ",{"data":45289,"content":45293,"nodeType":912},{"target":45290},{"sys":45291},{"id":45292,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6djGsqBFTHlLLITpTK7IMk",[],{"data":45295,"content":45296,"nodeType":1317},{},[45297],{"data":45298,"marks":45299,"value":45301,"nodeType":865},{},[45300],{"type":926},"Accessing ClickFix-style capabilities is easier than ever",{"data":45303,"content":45304,"nodeType":866},{},[45305,45309,45317],{"data":45306,"marks":45307,"value":45308,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This capability is increasingly available to all levels of threat actor, with ",{"data":45310,"content":45311,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44944},[45312],{"data":45313,"marks":45314,"value":45316,"nodeType":865},{},[45315],{"type":943},"off-the-shelf options available",{"data":45318,"marks":45319,"value":45320,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in the form of ClickFix builders (also called “Win + R”) on popular hacker forums since late 2024. ",{"data":45322,"content":45323,"nodeType":866},{},[45324],{"data":45325,"marks":45326,"value":45327,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are bundling ClickFix builders into their existing kits to:",{"data":45329,"content":45330,"nodeType":1616},{},[45331,45341],{"data":45332,"content":45333,"nodeType":1570},{},[45334],{"data":45335,"content":45336,"nodeType":866},{},[45337],{"data":45338,"marks":45339,"value":45340,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Use pre-canned landing pages with various lures including Cloudflare. ",{"data":45342,"content":45343,"nodeType":1570},{},[45344],{"data":45345,"content":45346,"nodeType":866},{},[45347],{"data":45348,"marks":45349,"value":45350,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Offer construction of malicious commands that users will paste into the Windows Run dialog. ",{"data":45352,"content":45353,"nodeType":866},{},[45354],{"data":45355,"marks":45356,"value":45357,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These kits claim to guarantee antivirus and web protection bypass (some even promise that they can bypass Microsoft Defender SmartScreen), as well as payload persistence. The cost of subscription to such a service might be between US$200 to US$1,500 per month. ",{"data":45359,"content":45360,"nodeType":866},{},[45361],{"data":45362,"marks":45363,"value":45364,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In short, these capabilities are increasingly accessible to the general population of hackers, and it is increasingly in the interests of malware developers to offer premium hacker tools designed to bypass current detections. ",{"data":45366,"content":45370,"nodeType":912},{"target":45367},{"sys":45368},{"id":45369,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5hkRsOBZCOABAShCo8RjJg",[],{"data":45372,"content":45373,"nodeType":866},{},[45374],{"data":45375,"marks":45376,"value":45377,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In any case, relying on just-in-time detection at the point of execution is increasingly unreliable and will always be at the mercy of the cat-and-mouse game between attackers and defenders. Organizations employing custom detections looking for specific malware behavior are likely to have better success than those relying on out-of-the-box EDR configs, but this requires continual maintenance to be effective. ",{"data":45379,"content":45380,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":45382,"content":45383,"nodeType":981},{},[45384],{"data":45385,"marks":45386,"value":45388,"nodeType":865},{},[45387],{"type":926},"Solving ClickFix detection in the browser with Push",{"data":45390,"content":45391,"nodeType":866},{},[45392,45395,45399],{"data":45393,"marks":45394,"value":45043,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45396,"marks":45397,"value":44822,"nodeType":865},{},[45398],{"type":926},{"data":45400,"marks":45401,"value":45402,"nodeType":865},{},[],", tackles ClickFix-style attacks at the earliest opportunity through browser-based detection and blocking, with a universally effective control that works regardless of the lure delivery channel, page style and structure, or the specifics of the malware type and execution.",{"data":45404,"content":45405,"nodeType":866},{},[45406,45410,45419],{"data":45407,"marks":45408,"value":45409,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A key part of our design philosophy is to find ways to universally detect attacker TTPs by analyzing generic attacker actions that can’t be avoided by the attacker. One of our best prior examples of this is with our ",{"data":45411,"content":45413,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45412},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-sso-password-protection/",[45414],{"data":45415,"marks":45416,"value":45418,"nodeType":865},{},[45417],{"type":943},"password protection feature",{"data":45420,"marks":45421,"value":45422,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which detects and blocks phishing attacks by triggering when a user attempts to enter a password that belongs to one domain on a different domain. ",{"data":45424,"content":45425,"nodeType":866},{},[45426],{"data":45427,"marks":45428,"value":45429,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the case of ClickFix, every attack involves copying a malicious script from a page — a behavior the attacker can’t avoid.",{"data":45431,"content":45432,"nodeType":866},{},[45433],{"data":45434,"marks":45435,"value":45436,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unlike heavy-handed DLP solutions that block copy-paste altogether, Push protects your employees without disrupting their user experience or hampering productivity. ",{"data":45438,"content":45439,"nodeType":866},{},[45440],{"data":45441,"marks":45442,"value":45443,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check out the video below to see Push in action. ",{"data":45445,"content":45448,"nodeType":912},{"target":45446},{"sys":45447},{"id":44845,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":45450,"content":45451,"nodeType":1317},{},[45452],{"data":45453,"marks":45454,"value":45456,"nodeType":865},{},[45455],{"type":926},"Enable ClickFix detection in just a few clicks",{"data":45458,"content":45459,"nodeType":866},{},[45460,45464,45472],{"data":45461,"marks":45462,"value":45463,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check out the ",{"data":45465,"content":45467,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45466},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10141/#start",[45468],{"data":45469,"marks":45470,"value":45471,"nodeType":865},{},[],"help article",{"data":45473,"marks":45474,"value":45475,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for step-by-step instructions on how to enable the control. ",{"data":45477,"content":45478,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":45480,"content":45481,"nodeType":981},{},[45482],{"data":45483,"marks":45484,"value":2270,"nodeType":865},{},[45485],{"type":926},{"data":45487,"content":45488,"nodeType":866},{},[45489],{"data":45490,"marks":45491,"value":45492,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push provides last mile protection against browser-based attacks, adding a net-new layer of technical protection in the browser. ",{"data":45494,"content":45495,"nodeType":866},{},[45496],{"data":45497,"marks":45498,"value":45499,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Right now, most organizations are left relying on user awareness. Faced with increasingly novel attack types, encountered all over the internet, users are being caught unawares — further reducing the efficacy of an already fragile control. ",{"data":45501,"content":45502,"nodeType":866},{},[45503],{"data":45504,"marks":45505,"value":45506,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By seeing what the user sees in the browser, as they see it, as well as monitoring for risky behaviors, Push provides a strong backstop against an ever-expanding landscape of browser-based exploits. ",{"data":45508,"content":45509,"nodeType":866},{},[45510],{"data":45511,"marks":45512,"value":45513,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, ClickFixing, malicious browser extensions, and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":45515,"content":45516,"nodeType":866},{},[45517,45520,45527,45530,45537],{"data":45518,"marks":45519,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45521,"content":45522,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[45523],{"data":45524,"marks":45525,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[45526],{"type":943},{"data":45528,"marks":45529,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45531,"content":45532,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[45533],{"data":45534,"marks":45535,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[45536],{"type":943},{"data":45538,"marks":45539,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45541,"content":45544,"nodeType":912},{"target":45542},{"sys":45543},{"id":45292,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":45546,"content":45547,"nodeType":866},{},[45548],{"data":45549,"marks":45550,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Introducing malicious copy and paste detection","Push now detects malware delivery in the browser, supporting a layered defense against endpoint attacks. ","2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection",{"items":45556},[45557,45559],{"sys":45558,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":45560,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":45562},[45563],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":45564},{"url":6570},"blog/installfix",{"json":45567},{"data":45568,"content":45569,"nodeType":1382},{},[45570],{"data":45571,"content":45572,"nodeType":866},{},[45573],{"data":45574,"marks":45575,"value":45576,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are distributing almost identical cloned sites of popular developer tools like Claude Code with fake install instructions via malicious search engine ads — tricking victims into installing infostealer malware instead. ",{"id":10465,"publishedAt":45578},"2026-08-12T13:28:02.181Z",{"items":45580},[45581,45583],{"sys":45582,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":45584,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":45586},[45587,45589,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609],{"sys":45588,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":45590,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":45592,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":45594,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":45596,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":45598,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":45600,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":45602,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45},{"id":445},{"sys":45604,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":45606,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":45608,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":45610,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},"bhqwswrCKY8XUOeyfqgrT_bbdwMvlm25CtqySFe4ADE",{"id":45613,"title":28174,"authorsCollection":45614,"content":45619,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":46245,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":46247,"metaTitle":46248,"ogImage":59,"postType":12186,"publishedDate":42344,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":46249,"slug":28175,"stem":48304,"subtitle":59,"summary":48305,"synopsis":48315,"sys":48316,"tagsCollection":48318,"topicsCollection":48324,"__hash__":48352},"blog/blog/cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis.json",{"items":45615},[45616],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"socialLinks":45617,"profilePicture":45618},[8120],{"url":6570},{"json":45620,"links":46090},{"data":45621,"content":45622,"nodeType":1382},{},[45623,45630,45636,45698,45701,45708,45714,45720,45727,45734,45737,45744,45759,45765,45772,45838,45845,45851,45858,45864,45867,45875,45882,45889,45896,45903,45909,45912,45920,45927,45934,45941,45970,45977,45983,45986,45994,46001,46008,46015,46018,46026,46033,46040,46046,46052,46079,46084],{"data":45624,"content":45625,"nodeType":866},{},[45626],{"data":45627,"marks":45628,"value":45629,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In recent months, we’ve seen a significant increase in the number of attacks targeting ad manager accounts. These attacks range from phishing campaigns against marketing professionals to malicious sites impersonating legitimate marketing tools — ultimately serving up an Attacker-in-the-Middle (AITM) phishing page designed to steal the victim’s Google account. ",{"data":45631,"content":45632,"nodeType":866},{},[45633],{"data":45634,"marks":45635,"value":41762,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45637,"content":45638,"nodeType":1616},{},[45639,45658,45677],{"data":45640,"content":45641,"nodeType":1570},{},[45642],{"data":45643,"content":45644,"nodeType":866},{},[45645,45648,45655],{"data":45646,"marks":45647,"value":41775,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45649,"content":45650,"nodeType":889},{"uri":41778},[45651],{"data":45652,"marks":45653,"value":41784,"nodeType":865},{},[45654],{"type":943},{"data":45656,"marks":45657,"value":41788,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45659,"content":45660,"nodeType":1570},{},[45661],{"data":45662,"content":45663,"nodeType":866},{},[45664,45667,45674],{"data":45665,"marks":45666,"value":41798,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45668,"content":45669,"nodeType":889},{"uri":41801},[45670],{"data":45671,"marks":45672,"value":41807,"nodeType":865},{},[45673],{"type":943},{"data":45675,"marks":45676,"value":41811,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45678,"content":45679,"nodeType":1570},{},[45680],{"data":45681,"content":45682,"nodeType":866},{},[45683,45687,45695],{"data":45684,"marks":45685,"value":45686,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A continuation of the Google Ads malvertising campaign, ",{"data":45688,"content":45690,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45689},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/google-search-malvertising-campaign-continues-now-impersonating-ahrefs",[45691],{"data":45692,"marks":45693,"value":45694,"nodeType":865},{},[],"this time impersonating Ahrefs",{"data":45696,"marks":45697,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45699,"content":45700,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":45702,"content":45703,"nodeType":981},{},[45704],{"data":45705,"marks":45706,"value":41933,"nodeType":865},{},[45707],{"type":926},{"data":45709,"content":45710,"nodeType":866},{},[45711],{"data":45712,"marks":45713,"value":41940,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45715,"content":45716,"nodeType":866},{},[45717],{"data":45718,"marks":45719,"value":41947,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45721,"content":45722,"nodeType":866},{},[45723],{"data":45724,"marks":45725,"value":45726,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A hijacked Google Ad Manager account gives attackers access to significant ad spend and account data which can be monetized. The tactics range from stealthy ad fraud to overt abuse like malicious ads or extortion schemes.",{"data":45728,"content":45729,"nodeType":866},{},[45730],{"data":45731,"marks":45732,"value":45733,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here’s how attackers can profit from a compromised ad manager account — and how it impacts your business. ",{"data":45735,"content":45736,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":45738,"content":45739,"nodeType":1317},{},[45740],{"data":45741,"marks":45742,"value":440,"nodeType":865},{},[45743],{"type":926},{"data":45745,"content":45746,"nodeType":866},{},[45747,45751,45755],{"data":45748,"marks":45749,"value":45750,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Arguably the most dangerous use of a compromised ad manager account is to conduct ",{"data":45752,"marks":45753,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[45754],{"type":926},{"data":45756,"marks":45757,"value":45758,"nodeType":865},{},[]," – inserting malicious ads or redirects in place of legitimate advertisements. ",{"data":45760,"content":45761,"nodeType":866},{},[45762],{"data":45763,"marks":45764,"value":42003,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":45766,"content":45767,"nodeType":866},{},[45768],{"data":45769,"marks":45770,"value":45771,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The goal here is usually to compromise more devices and accounts, via:",{"data":45773,"content":45774,"nodeType":1616},{},[45775,45785,45795,45828],{"data":45776,"content":45777,"nodeType":1570},{},[45778],{"data":45779,"content":45780,"nodeType":866},{},[45781],{"data":45782,"marks":45783,"value":45784,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AITM phishing sites looking to hijack sessions on valuable accounts — usually enterprise SSO accounts such as Google or Microsoft, but also many high-value SaaS services, as well as logins for banking and cryptocurrency sites.. ",{"data":45786,"content":45787,"nodeType":1570},{},[45788],{"data":45789,"content":45790,"nodeType":866},{},[45791],{"data":45792,"marks":45793,"value":45794,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Deploying infostealer malware, harvesting credentials and user sessions from the compromised device to enable broad access to apps via compromised accounts. ",{"data":45796,"content":45797,"nodeType":1570},{},[45798],{"data":45799,"content":45800,"nodeType":866},{},[45801,45805,45812,45816,45824],{"data":45802,"marks":45803,"value":45804,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Running ",{"data":45806,"content":45807,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16837},[45808],{"data":45809,"marks":45810,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[45811],{"type":943},{"data":45813,"marks":45814,"value":45815,"nodeType":865},{},[],"-style social engineering scams prompting users to perform a malicious action (typically running code on their device, although a new browser-native version of this attack in the form of ",{"data":45817,"content":45818,"nodeType":889},{"uri":6236},[45819],{"data":45820,"marks":45821,"value":45823,"nodeType":865},{},[45822],{"type":943},"ConsentFix ",{"data":45825,"marks":45826,"value":45827,"nodeType":865},{},[],"was recently discovered by Push researchers).",{"data":45829,"content":45830,"nodeType":1570},{},[45831],{"data":45832,"content":45833,"nodeType":866},{},[45834],{"data":45835,"marks":45836,"value":45837,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infecting machines with malicious software to siphon compute power for cryptomining or adding the device to a botnet used in DDOS attacks. ",{"data":45839,"content":45840,"nodeType":866},{},[45841],{"data":45842,"marks":45843,"value":45844,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Harvested data can be used by the attacker directly to conduct cyber attacks, but is more commonly sold on to other criminals further up the supply chain. So, attackers are using compromised ad accounts, to take over more accounts used to manage ads, to take over even more accounts… You can see how this can quickly snowball into something hugely profitable for attackers. ",{"data":45846,"content":45850,"nodeType":912},{"target":45847},{"sys":45848},{"id":45849,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1Ji0oUqCZvgmQIT2VWNgjQ",[],{"data":45852,"content":45853,"nodeType":866},{},[45854],{"data":45855,"marks":45856,"value":45857,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising scams don’t just target ad manager accounts either. They can be found targeting all manner of sites. But all malvertising scams are underpinned by ad spending — so it makes sense that attackers are looking to harvest account access and make use of the pre-allocated marketing spend of their victims. ",{"data":45859,"content":45863,"nodeType":912},{"target":45860},{"sys":45861},{"id":45862,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7qpSbkJxLeo7zD400cvQyv",[],{"data":45865,"content":45866,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":45868,"content":45869,"nodeType":1317},{},[45870],{"data":45871,"marks":45872,"value":45874,"nodeType":865},{},[45873],{"type":926},"Ad fraud",{"data":45876,"content":45877,"nodeType":866},{},[45878],{"data":45879,"marks":45880,"value":45881,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the most common motives for hacking ad accounts is ad fraud – generating fake ad impressions or clicks to illicitly collect advertising revenue. By hijacking a Google Ad Manager account, criminals can direct the account’s ad spend to their own fraudulent web pages.",{"data":45883,"content":45884,"nodeType":866},{},[45885],{"data":45886,"marks":45887,"value":45888,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a Google Ads/Ad Manager account is compromised, attackers can create new campaigns or modify existing ones. By directing traffic to websites the criminals control (often low quality sites made specifically for advertising) the victim’s ad budget can be funnelled into the attackers’ pockets as ad revenue.",{"data":45890,"content":45891,"nodeType":866},{},[45892],{"data":45893,"marks":45894,"value":45895,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The hijacked ad accounts provide a means to introduce fraudulent traffic into legitimate ad ecosystems, often escaping immediate detection thanks to the account’s established trust or high spending thresholds. For example, a compromised account with a large budget can run thousands of ads pointing to fraudulent sites before being flagged. ",{"data":45897,"content":45898,"nodeType":866},{},[45899],{"data":45900,"marks":45901,"value":45902,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is often abused as a channel for money laundering. An attacker can inject dirty money into the ad ecosystem (for example, using a compromised advertiser account’s billing) and then receive clean money out the other end (as payments to a publisher or ad partner account they control). ",{"data":45904,"content":45908,"nodeType":912},{"target":45905},{"sys":45906},{"id":45907,"type":909,"linkType":910},"21ryRzAB91llJXOVlkdiv5",[],{"data":45910,"content":45911,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":45913,"content":45914,"nodeType":1317},{},[45915],{"data":45916,"marks":45917,"value":45919,"nodeType":865},{},[45918],{"type":926},"Selling or sharing access with other criminal groups ",{"data":45921,"content":45922,"nodeType":866},{},[45923],{"data":45924,"marks":45925,"value":45926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen advertising accounts themselves have become a commodity in the underground economy. Instead of (or in addition to) exploiting the account personally, a hacker might sell access to the compromised Ad Manager account on criminal forums. ",{"data":45928,"content":45929,"nodeType":866},{},[45930],{"data":45931,"marks":45932,"value":45933,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There is strong demand for reputable ad accounts because they come with advantages: high spending limits, established credit card billing, a history of compliance (making them less likely to be flagged by Google’s fraud detection), and existing relationships with ad networks or clients. In other words, a hijacked account is a ready-made vehicle for anyone looking to run malicious ad campaigns without going through the usual vetting.",{"data":45935,"content":45936,"nodeType":866},{},[45937],{"data":45938,"marks":45939,"value":45940,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Access to a Google Ads account (especially one with a good track record or high credit threshold) can fetch a significant price in criminal markets. Compromised Google ad accounts have shown up for sale on hacker forums and darknet markets, often advertised with details like the account’s age, billing history, or spend limit. For example, a hacker on one forum might sell or rent a “2-year-old Google Ads account with $50k monthly spend history” for a price commensurate with its potential yield.",{"data":45942,"content":45943,"nodeType":866},{},[45944,45948,45957,45961,45966],{"data":45945,"marks":45946,"value":45947,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The previously mentioned ",{"data":45949,"content":45951,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45950},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/vietnamese-actors-fake-job-posting-campaigns",[45952],{"data":45953,"marks":45954,"value":45956,"nodeType":865},{},[45955],{"type":943},"Vietnamese threat group",{"data":45958,"marks":45959,"value":45960,"nodeType":865},{},[]," would ",{"data":45962,"marks":45963,"value":45965,"nodeType":865},{},[45964],{"type":926},"“either sell ads to other actors, or sell the accounts themselves to other actors to monetize”",{"data":45967,"marks":45968,"value":45969,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This means an attacker could use a compromised account as a platform to sell fraudulent ad placements (e.g. “pay us and we’ll run your ads via this legitimate account for X days”). If not, they just sell the whole account login to the highest bidder.",{"data":45971,"content":45972,"nodeType":866},{},[45973],{"data":45974,"marks":45975,"value":45976,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s also worth noting that a Google Ad Manager account is also an enterprise SSO account that can be used to access broader Google Workspace services, and any SaaS apps accessible via SSO. ",{"data":45978,"content":45982,"nodeType":912},{"target":45979},{"sys":45980},{"id":45981,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1RrDk0VMWNGwPPEc8wIZWM",[],{"data":45984,"content":45985,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":45987,"content":45988,"nodeType":1317},{},[45989],{"data":45990,"marks":45991,"value":45993,"nodeType":865},{},[45992],{"type":926},"Data theft and extortion",{"data":45995,"content":45996,"nodeType":866},{},[45997],{"data":45998,"marks":45999,"value":46000,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most ad accounts contain valuable data – like audience lists, conversion data, or payment info. 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The continual evolution of phishing means it remains one of the most effective methods available to attackers today — in fact, it’s arguably more effective than ever. ",{"data":47641,"content":47642,"nodeType":866},{},[47643],{"data":47644,"marks":47645,"value":47646,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the key trends that defined phishing attacks in 2025, and what these changes mean for security teams heading into 2026. ",{"data":47648,"content":47649,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":47651,"content":47652,"nodeType":981},{},[47653],{"data":47654,"marks":47655,"value":47657,"nodeType":865},{},[47656],{"type":926},"#1: Phishing goes omni-channel",{"data":47659,"content":47660,"nodeType":866},{},[47661],{"data":47662,"marks":47663,"value":47664,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve been talking about the rise of non-email phishing for some time now, but 2025 was the year phishing truly went omni-channel. ",{"data":47666,"content":47667,"nodeType":866},{},[47668],{"data":47669,"marks":47670,"value":47671,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Although most of the industry’s data on phishing still comes from email security vendors and tools, the picture is starting to change. Roughly 1 in 3 phishing attacks detected by Push Security were delivered outside of email. ",{"data":47673,"content":47674,"nodeType":866},{},[47675],{"data":47676,"marks":47677,"value":47678,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are many examples of phishing campaigns operated outside of email, with LinkedIn DMs and Google Search being the top channels we identified. Notable campaigns include:",{"data":47680,"content":47681,"nodeType":1616},{},[47682,47704,47726],{"data":47683,"content":47684,"nodeType":1570},{},[47685],{"data":47686,"content":47687,"nodeType":866},{},[47688,47691,47700],{"data":47689,"marks":47690,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47692,"content":47694,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47693},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-push-stopped-a-high-risk-linkedin-spear-phishing-attack",[47695],{"data":47696,"marks":47697,"value":47699,"nodeType":865},{},[47698],{"type":943},"A targeted campaign against tech company Exec’s",{"data":47701,"marks":47702,"value":47703,"nodeType":865},{},[]," delivered via compromised accounts on LinkedIn from other employees of the same organization, framed as an investment opportunity.",{"data":47705,"content":47706,"nodeType":1570},{},[47707],{"data":47708,"content":47709,"nodeType":866},{},[47710,47713,47722],{"data":47711,"marks":47712,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47714,"content":47716,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47715},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/new-phishing-campaign-identified-targeting-linkedin-users",[47717],{"data":47718,"marks":47719,"value":47721,"nodeType":865},{},[47720],{"type":943},"A campaign posing as a South American investment fund",{"data":47723,"marks":47724,"value":47725,"nodeType":865},{},[]," offering the opportunity to join the fund. ",{"data":47727,"content":47728,"nodeType":1570},{},[47729],{"data":47730,"content":47731,"nodeType":866},{},[47732,47736,47745,47749,47757,47761,47769],{"data":47733,"marks":47734,"value":47735,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Several malvertising campaigns capturing users searching for key search terms such as “",{"data":47737,"content":47739,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47738},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-malvertising-attack-targeting-business-google-accounts",[47740],{"data":47741,"marks":47742,"value":47744,"nodeType":865},{},[47743],{"type":943},"Google Ads",{"data":47746,"marks":47747,"value":47748,"nodeType":865},{},[],"”, “",{"data":47750,"content":47752,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47751},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack",[47753],{"data":47754,"marks":47755,"value":42029,"nodeType":865},{},[47756],{"type":943},{"data":47758,"marks":47759,"value":47760,"nodeType":865},{},[],"” and “",{"data":47762,"content":47764,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47763},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers",[47765],{"data":47766,"marks":47767,"value":42053,"nodeType":865},{},[47768],{"type":943},{"data":47770,"marks":47771,"value":47772,"nodeType":865},{},[],"”. ",{"data":47774,"content":47778,"nodeType":912},{"target":47775},{"sys":47776},{"id":47777,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3LjyZooaJQ83eJt8DRX9bP",[],{"data":47780,"content":47784,"nodeType":912},{"target":47781},{"sys":47782},{"id":47783,"type":909,"linkType":910},"644LdQYjRHerpKU5pCGv1n",[],{"data":47786,"content":47790,"nodeType":912},{"target":47787},{"sys":47788},{"id":47789,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3anCGk5A4AOVH1t9dr1xKp",[],{"data":47792,"content":47793,"nodeType":866},{},[47794],{"data":47795,"marks":47796,"value":47797,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing via non-email channels has a number of advantages. With email being the best protected phishing vector, it sidesteps these controls entirely. There’s no need to build up your sender reputation, find ways to trick content analysis engines, or hope your message doesn’t end up in the spam folder.",{"data":47799,"content":47800,"nodeType":866},{},[47801],{"data":47802,"marks":47803,"value":47804,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In comparison, non-email vectors have practically no screening, your security team has no visibility, and users are less likely to anticipate possible phishing. It’s arguable that a company Exec is more likely to engage with a LinkedIn DM from a reputable account than a cold email. And social media apps do nothing to analyse messages for phishing links. (And because of the limitations of URL-based checks when it comes to today’s multi-stage phishing attacks, this would be extremely difficult even if they tried). ",{"data":47806,"content":47807,"nodeType":866},{},[47808,47812,47820],{"data":47809,"marks":47810,"value":47811,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Search engines also present a huge opportunity for attackers, whether they’re compromising existing, high reputation sites, spinning up malicious ads, or simply vibe coding their own SEO-optimized websites. This is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":47813,"content":47815,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47814},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters",[47816],{"data":47817,"marks":47818,"value":10029,"nodeType":865},{},[47819],{"type":943},{"data":47821,"marks":47822,"value":47823,"nodeType":865},{},[],"” criminal collective, all of which began with identity-based initial access). ",{"data":47825,"content":47826,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":47828,"content":47829,"nodeType":981},{},[47830],{"data":47831,"marks":47832,"value":47834,"nodeType":865},{},[47833],{"type":926},"#2: Criminal PhaaS kits dominate",{"data":47836,"content":47837,"nodeType":866},{},[47838],{"data":47839,"marks":47840,"value":47841,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The vast majority of phishing attacks today use a reverse proxy. This means they are capable of bypassing most forms of MFA because a session is created and stolen in real time as part of the attack. There is no downside to this approach compared to the basic credential phishing that was the norm more than a decade ago.",{"data":47843,"content":47844,"nodeType":866},{},[47845],{"data":47846,"marks":47847,"value":47848,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These Attacker-in-the-Middle attacks are powered by criminal Phishing-as-a-Service (PhaaS) kits such as Tycoon, NakedPages, Sneaky2FA, Flowerstorm, Salty2FA, along with various Evilginx variations (nominally a tool for red teamers, but widely used by attackers). ",{"data":47850,"content":47851,"nodeType":866},{},[47852],{"data":47853,"marks":47854,"value":47855,"nodeType":865},{},[],"PhaaS kits are incredibly important to cybercrime because they make sophisticated and continuously evolving capabilities available to the criminal marketplace, lowering the barrier to entry for criminals running advanced phishing campaigns. This is not unique to phishing: Ransomware-as-a-Service, Credential Stuffing-as-a-Service, and many more for-hire tools and services exist for criminals to use for a fee. ",{"data":47857,"content":47858,"nodeType":866},{},[47859,47863,47872,47875,47882,47886,47895],{"data":47860,"marks":47861,"value":47862,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This competitive environment has fueled attacker innovation, resulting in an environment in which MFA-bypass is table stakes, phishing-resistant authentication is being circumvented through ",{"data":47864,"content":47866,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47865},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks",[47867],{"data":47868,"marks":47869,"value":47871,"nodeType":865},{},[47870],{"type":943},"downgrade attacks",{"data":47873,"marks":47874,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47876,"content":47877,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[47878],{"data":47879,"marks":47880,"value":19925,"nodeType":865},{},[47881],{"type":943},{"data":47883,"marks":47884,"value":47885,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are being used to circumvent security tools — from email scanners, to web-crawling security tools, to web proxies analyzing network traffic. It also means that when new capabilities emerge — such as ",{"data":47887,"content":47889,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47888},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-latest-sneaky2fa-phishing-page",[47890],{"data":47891,"marks":47892,"value":47894,"nodeType":865},{},[47893],{"type":943},"Browser-in-the-Browser",{"data":47896,"marks":47897,"value":47898,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — these are quickly integrated into a range of phishing kits. ",{"data":47900,"content":47901,"nodeType":866},{},[47902],{"data":47903,"marks":47904,"value":47905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Some of the most prevalent detection evasion methods we’ve seen this year are:",{"data":47907,"content":47908,"nodeType":1616},{},[47909,47919,47929],{"data":47910,"content":47911,"nodeType":1570},{},[47912],{"data":47913,"content":47914,"nodeType":866},{},[47915],{"data":47916,"marks":47917,"value":47918,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Widespread use of bot protection. Every phishing page today comes with either a custom CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile (legitimate and fake versions) designed to block web-crawling security bots from being able to analyse phishing pages. ",{"data":47920,"content":47921,"nodeType":1570},{},[47922],{"data":47923,"content":47924,"nodeType":866},{},[47925],{"data":47926,"marks":47927,"value":47928,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Extensive redirect chains between the initial link seeded out to the victim, and the actual malicious page hosting phishing content, designed to bury phishing sites among several legitimate pages. ",{"data":47930,"content":47931,"nodeType":1570},{},[47932],{"data":47933,"content":47934,"nodeType":866},{},[47935,47939,47948],{"data":47936,"marks":47937,"value":47938,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Multi-stage page loading performed client-side via JavaScript. This means that pages are ",{"data":47940,"content":47942,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47941},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/conditional-loading/",[47943],{"data":47944,"marks":47945,"value":47947,"nodeType":865},{},[47946],{"type":943},"conditionally loaded",{"data":47949,"marks":47950,"value":47951,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and if conditions aren’t met, malicious content isn’t served — so the page looks clean. This also means that most of the malicious activity is happening locally, without creating web requests that can be analysed by network traffic analysis tools (e.g. web proxies). ",{"data":47953,"content":47957,"nodeType":912},{"target":47954},{"sys":47955},{"id":47956,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5LLgjhCexTYd5OlHuptv3n",[],{"data":47959,"content":47960,"nodeType":866},{},[47961],{"data":47962,"marks":47963,"value":47964,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This contributes to an environment where phishing is going undetected for extended periods of time. Even when a page is flagged, it’s trivial for attackers to dynamically serve up different phishing pages from the same benign chain of URLs used in the attack. ",{"data":47966,"content":47967,"nodeType":866},{},[47968],{"data":47969,"marks":47970,"value":47971,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is all to say that the old-school approach to URL blocking bad sites is becoming much harder and leaves you two steps behind attackers at all times.",{"data":47973,"content":47974,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":47976,"content":47977,"nodeType":981},{},[47978],{"data":47979,"marks":47980,"value":47982,"nodeType":865},{},[47981],{"type":926},"#3: Attackers find ways around phishing-resistant authentication (and other security controls)",{"data":47984,"content":47985,"nodeType":866},{},[47986],{"data":47987,"marks":47988,"value":47989,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We already mentioned that MFA downgrade has been an area of focus for security researchers and attackers. But phishing-resistant authentication methods (i.e. passkeys) remain effective so long as the phishing-resistant factor is the only possible login factor, and there are no backup methods enabled for the account. (Though because of the logistical issues of having just one factor, this is fairly uncommon.) ",{"data":47991,"content":47992,"nodeType":866},{},[47993],{"data":47994,"marks":47995,"value":47996,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Equally, access control policies can be applied on larger enterprise apps and cloud platforms to reduce the risk of unauthorized access (although these can be tricky to implement and maintain without error).",{"data":47998,"content":47999,"nodeType":866},{},[48000],{"data":48001,"marks":48002,"value":48003,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In any case, attackers are considering all eventualities and looking for alternative ways into accounts that are less well protected. This mainly involves attackers circumventing the standard authentication process, through techniques such as:",{"data":48005,"content":48006,"nodeType":1616},{},[48007,48034,48059],{"data":48008,"content":48009,"nodeType":1570},{},[48010],{"data":48011,"content":48012,"nodeType":866},{},[48013,48016,48025,48030],{"data":48014,"marks":48015,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":48017,"content":48018,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43655},[48019],{"data":48020,"marks":48021,"value":48024,"nodeType":865},{},[48022,48023],{"type":943},{"type":926},"Consent phishing",{"data":48026,"marks":48027,"value":48029,"nodeType":865},{},[48028],{"type":926},":",{"data":48031,"marks":48032,"value":48033,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Tricking victims into connecting malicious OAuth apps into their app tenant.",{"data":48035,"content":48036,"nodeType":1570},{},[48037],{"data":48038,"content":48039,"nodeType":866},{},[48040,48043,48051,48055],{"data":48041,"marks":48042,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":48044,"content":48045,"nodeType":889},{"uri":19509},[48046],{"data":48047,"marks":48048,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[48049,48050],{"type":943},{"type":926},{"data":48052,"marks":48053,"value":6342,"nodeType":865},{},[48054],{"type":926},{"data":48056,"marks":48057,"value":48058,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The same as consent phishing, but authorizing through the device code flow designed for device logins that cannot support OAuth, by providing a substitute passcode. ",{"data":48060,"content":48061,"nodeType":1570},{},[48062],{"data":48063,"content":48064,"nodeType":866},{},[48065,48070],{"data":48066,"marks":48067,"value":48069,"nodeType":865},{},[48068],{"type":926},"Malicious browser extensions: ",{"data":48071,"marks":48072,"value":48073,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tricking victims into installing a malicious extension (or hijacking an existing one) to steal credentials and cookies from the browser. ",{"data":48075,"content":48079,"nodeType":912},{"target":48076},{"sys":48077},{"id":48078,"type":909,"linkType":910},"75lMjdJtq9APebTaF2hQ1b",[],{"data":48081,"content":48085,"nodeType":912},{"target":48082},{"sys":48083},{"id":48084,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4KWwlg8PsuyAud8i5tpWfH",[],{"data":48087,"content":48088,"nodeType":866},{},[48089,48093,48101,48105,48114],{"data":48090,"marks":48091,"value":48092,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another technique that attackers are using to steal credentials and sessions is ",{"data":48094,"content":48096,"nodeType":889},{"uri":48095},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-most-advanced-clickfix-yet",[48097],{"data":48098,"marks":48099,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[48100],{"type":943},{"data":48102,"marks":48103,"value":48104,"nodeType":865},{},[],". ClickFix was the ",{"data":48106,"content":48108,"nodeType":889},{"uri":48107},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf#page=36",[48109],{"data":48110,"marks":48111,"value":48113,"nodeType":865},{},[48112],{"type":943},"top initial access vector detected by Microsoft last year",{"data":48115,"marks":48116,"value":48117,"nodeType":865},{},[],", involved in 47% of attacks. While not a traditional phishing attack, this sees attackers socially engineer users into running malicious code on their machine, typically deploying remote access tools and infostealer malware. Infostealers are then used to harvest credentials and cookies for initial access to various apps and services. ",{"data":48119,"content":48123,"nodeType":912},{"target":48120},{"sys":48121},{"id":48122,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4cC9GbPoKFmYUJgbkbeOLs",[],{"data":48125,"content":48126,"nodeType":866},{},[48127,48131,48139],{"data":48128,"marks":48129,"value":48130,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security researchers have also discovered a brand new technique dubbed ",{"data":48132,"content":48134,"nodeType":889},{"uri":48133},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix",[48135],{"data":48136,"marks":48137,"value":6229,"nodeType":865},{},[48138],{"type":943},{"data":48140,"marks":48141,"value":48142,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a browser-native version of ClickFix that results in an OAuth connection being established to the target app, simply by copying and pasting a legitimate URL containing OAuth key material. ",{"data":48144,"content":48148,"nodeType":912},{"target":48145},{"sys":48146},{"id":48147,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4bdqleePd53oK5v5uEUFbr",[],{"data":48150,"content":48151,"nodeType":866},{},[48152],{"data":48153,"marks":48154,"value":48155,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is even more dangerous than ClickFix as it is entirely browser-native — removing the endpoint detection surface (and strong security controls like EDR) from the equation entirely. And in the particular case spotted by Push, the attackers targeted Azure CLI — a first-party Microsoft app that has special permissions and can’t be restricted like third-party apps. ",{"data":48157,"content":48158,"nodeType":866},{},[48159],{"data":48160,"marks":48161,"value":48162,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Really, there are lots of different techniques attackers can use to take over accounts on key business applications — it’s outdated to think of phishing as being locked in to passwords, MFA, and the standard authentication flow. ",{"data":48164,"content":48168,"nodeType":912},{"target":48165},{"sys":48166},{"id":48167,"type":909,"linkType":910},"74S97KkuFzI48UwXw3msTq",[],{"data":48170,"content":48171,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":48173,"content":48174,"nodeType":981},{},[48175],{"data":48176,"marks":48177,"value":48179,"nodeType":865},{},[48178],{"type":926},"Guidance for security teams in 2026",{"data":48181,"content":48182,"nodeType":866},{},[48183],{"data":48184,"marks":48185,"value":48186,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To tackle phishing in 2026, security teams need to change their threat model for phishing, and acknowledge that:",{"data":48188,"content":48189,"nodeType":1616},{},[48190,48200,48210],{"data":48191,"content":48192,"nodeType":1570},{},[48193],{"data":48194,"content":48195,"nodeType":866},{},[48196],{"data":48197,"marks":48198,"value":48199,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s not enough to protect email as your main anti-phishing surface",{"data":48201,"content":48202,"nodeType":1570},{},[48203],{"data":48204,"content":48205,"nodeType":866},{},[48206],{"data":48207,"marks":48208,"value":48209,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Network and traffic monitoring tools aren’t keeping up with modern phishing pages",{"data":48211,"content":48212,"nodeType":1570},{},[48213],{"data":48214,"content":48215,"nodeType":866},{},[48216],{"data":48217,"marks":48218,"value":48219,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing-resistant authentication, even if perfectly implemented, doesn’t make you immune",{"data":48221,"content":48222,"nodeType":866},{},[48223],{"data":48224,"marks":48225,"value":48226,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detection and response is key. But most organizations have significant visibility gaps.",{"data":48228,"content":48229,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":48231,"content":48232,"nodeType":981},{},[48233],{"data":48234,"marks":48235,"value":48237,"nodeType":865},{},[48236],{"type":926},"Solving the detection gap in the browser",{"data":48239,"content":48240,"nodeType":866},{},[48241],{"data":48242,"marks":48243,"value":48244,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One thing that these attacks have in common is that they all take place in the web browser, targeting users as they go about their work on the internet. That makes it the perfect place to detect and respond to these attacks. But right now, the browser is a blind-spot for most security teams.",{"data":48246,"content":48247,"nodeType":866},{},[48248],{"data":48249,"marks":48250,"value":48251,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":48253,"content":48254,"nodeType":866},{},[48255,48258,48265,48268,48275],{"data":48256,"marks":48257,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":48259,"content":48260,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[48261],{"data":48262,"marks":48263,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[48264],{"type":943},{"data":48266,"marks":48267,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":48269,"content":48270,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[48271],{"data":48272,"marks":48273,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[48274],{"type":943},{"data":48276,"marks":48277,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":48279,"content":48283,"nodeType":912},{"target":48280},{"sys":48281},{"id":48282,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6QzB0BlVC5mstXwXHvy2c3",[],{"data":48285,"content":48286,"nodeType":866},{},[48287],{"data":48288,"marks":48289,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2025’s top phishing trends — and what they mean for your 2026 security strategy","Analyzing the key trends that defined phishing attacks in 2025, and what these changes mean for security teams heading into 2026. ","2025-12-15T00:00:00.000Z","2025-top-phishing-trends",{"items":48295},[48296,48298],{"sys":48297,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":48299,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":48301},[48302],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":48303},{"url":6570},"blog/cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis",{"json":48306},{"data":48307,"content":48308,"nodeType":1382},{},[48309],{"data":48310,"content":48311,"nodeType":866},{},[48312],{"data":48313,"marks":48314,"value":48315,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are going out of their way to target Google Ad Manager accounts, powering malvertising scams. Here’s what you need to 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",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":48997,"content":48998},{},[48999,49003,49011],{"nodeType":865,"value":46211,"marks":49000,"data":49002},[49001],{"type":926},{},{"nodeType":889,"data":49004,"content":49005},{"uri":46214},[49006],{"nodeType":865,"value":46221,"marks":49007,"data":49010},[49008,49009],{"type":943},{"type":926},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":46226,"marks":49012,"data":49014},[49013],{"type":926},{},"Ahrefs malvertising insight box 2",{"items":49017},[],{},"Google Search malvertising campaign impersonating Ahrefs",{"items":49021},[49022,49464,49852],{"__typename":1429,"sys":49023,"content":49025,"title":49450,"synopsis":49451,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":49452,"slug":49453,"tagsCollection":49454,"authorsCollection":49460},{"id":49024},"2obwh6WiK5IP0hnqsV4CZQ",{"json":49026},{"data":49027,"content":49028,"nodeType":1382},{},[49029,49036,49043,49050,49057,49063,49066,49073,49080,49086,49093,49099,49105,49112,49118,49125,49131,49138,49144,49147,49155,49173,49181,49199,49217,49223,49231,49250,49256,49262,49269,49272,49280,49299,49305,49312,49315,49322,49338,49344,49377,49380,49387,49406,49413,49439,49444],{"data":49030,"content":49031,"nodeType":866},{},[49032],{"data":49033,"marks":49034,"value":49035,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently detected and blocked a particularly well-crafted malvertising attack targeting one of our customers. ",{"data":49037,"content":49038,"nodeType":866},{},[49039],{"data":49040,"marks":49041,"value":49042,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The employee had searched for “tradingview” on Google and been served a malicious ad impersonating the real site, which they had clicked. ",{"data":49044,"content":49045,"nodeType":866},{},[49046],{"data":49047,"marks":49048,"value":49049,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As well as being a highly convincing clone of the real site, this attack demonstrated a number of creative detection evasion techniques designed to prevent security tools, analysts, and web scraping bots from flagging it as malicious. ",{"data":49051,"content":49052,"nodeType":866},{},[49053],{"data":49054,"marks":49055,"value":49056,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can see a narrated clickthrough of the end-to-end attack in the video below. ",{"data":49058,"content":49062,"nodeType":912},{"target":49059},{"sys":49060},{"id":49061,"type":909,"linkType":910},"V8NYoNBZBSZXSNBo2AfUZ",[],{"data":49064,"content":49065,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":49067,"content":49068,"nodeType":981},{},[49069],{"data":49070,"marks":49071,"value":41860,"nodeType":865},{},[49072],{"type":926},{"data":49074,"content":49075,"nodeType":866},{},[49076],{"data":49077,"marks":49078,"value":49079,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When the victim clicked the malicious ad, they were initially directed to tradingview-charts-compare.primevoro[.]com, but then immediately redirected to a second site. In effect, the victim would never see this initial page — it is simply used as a benign site that only forwards the victim on if certain parameters are supplied from the initial Google ad link. ",{"data":49081,"content":49085,"nodeType":912},{"target":49082},{"sys":49083},{"id":49084,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1v5dADDY2y9EAwCZ7ZnWVi",[],{"data":49087,"content":49088,"nodeType":866},{},[49089],{"data":49090,"marks":49091,"value":49092,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first site that the victim would see is visually identical to the real TradingView site, at tradingplatforms[.]app. ",{"data":49094,"content":49098,"nodeType":912},{"target":49095},{"sys":49096},{"id":49097,"type":909,"linkType":910},"iHIbILX30HMnqM4NXx86G",[],{"data":49100,"content":49104,"nodeType":912},{"target":49101},{"sys":49102},{"id":49103,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2nK9Y4ZFejHtbWT2GcVNM1",[],{"data":49106,"content":49107,"nodeType":866},{},[49108],{"data":49109,"marks":49110,"value":49111,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Upon clicking the login button, they are taken to another convincingly designed page, where the victim is prompted to sign in with Google. ",{"data":49113,"content":49117,"nodeType":912},{"target":49114},{"sys":49115},{"id":49116,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6il7lhKUz5VIgQW9shl9oc",[],{"data":49119,"content":49120,"nodeType":866},{},[49121],{"data":49122,"marks":49123,"value":49124,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Upon clicking the sign in with Google button, the victim is finally taken to the reverse proxy Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing page targeting Google. If the victim logs in, their credentials and live session is stolen by the attacker. ",{"data":49126,"content":49130,"nodeType":912},{"target":49127},{"sys":49128},{"id":49129,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3LSrYN6X2qnBiMBoPi1Qse",[],{"data":49132,"content":49133,"nodeType":866},{},[49134],{"data":49135,"marks":49136,"value":49137,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can see the timeline of URLs accessed in the chain captured in Push’s timeline feature, below. When we investigated, the phishing page had no user reports on urlscan. ",{"data":49139,"content":49143,"nodeType":912},{"target":49140},{"sys":49141},{"id":49142,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5spFXtWBhTtB4LO3cYHv8Z",[],{"data":49145,"content":49146,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":49148,"content":49149,"nodeType":981},{},[49150],{"data":49151,"marks":49152,"value":49154,"nodeType":865},{},[49153],{"type":926},"How did this attack evade standard detections?",{"data":49156,"content":49157,"nodeType":866},{},[49158,49162,49169],{"data":49159,"marks":49160,"value":49161,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s increasingly common for malicious sites to fly under the radar because of the effective use of ",{"data":49163,"content":49164,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[49165],{"data":49166,"marks":49167,"value":19925,"nodeType":865},{},[49168],{"type":943},{"data":49170,"marks":49171,"value":49172,"nodeType":865},{},[],", designed to defeat traditional security tools and web-scraping security bots. ",{"data":49174,"content":49175,"nodeType":1317},{},[49176],{"data":49177,"marks":49178,"value":49180,"nodeType":865},{},[49179],{"type":926},"Malvertising completely bypasses email-based controls",{"data":49182,"content":49183,"nodeType":866},{},[49184,49188,49195],{"data":49185,"marks":49186,"value":49187,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By delivering the lure via ",{"data":49189,"content":49190,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44485},[49191],{"data":49192,"marks":49193,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[49194],{"type":943},{"data":49196,"marks":49197,"value":49198,"nodeType":865},{},[],", the attacker was able to completely bypass the most common phishing detection surface — email. ",{"data":49200,"content":49201,"nodeType":866},{},[49202,49206,49213],{"data":49203,"marks":49204,"value":49205,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising via channels like Google Search is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":49207,"content":49208,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10024},[49209],{"data":49210,"marks":49211,"value":10029,"nodeType":865},{},[49212],{"type":943},{"data":49214,"marks":49215,"value":49216,"nodeType":865},{},[],"” criminal collective, all of which began with identity-based initial access). For this reason, credentials and account access are an increasingly profitable commodity for cyber criminals. ",{"data":49218,"content":49222,"nodeType":912},{"target":49219},{"sys":49220},{"id":49221,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7cq2IbGHIFH2UhkjIrwxGd",[],{"data":49224,"content":49225,"nodeType":1317},{},[49226],{"data":49227,"marks":49228,"value":49230,"nodeType":865},{},[49229],{"type":926},"Conditional loading parameters prevented the site being flagged as known-bad",{"data":49232,"content":49233,"nodeType":866},{},[49234,49238,49246],{"data":49235,"marks":49236,"value":49237,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker used clever ",{"data":49239,"content":49240,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47941},[49241],{"data":49242,"marks":49243,"value":49245,"nodeType":865},{},[49244],{"type":943},"conditional loading",{"data":49247,"marks":49248,"value":49249,"nodeType":865},{},[]," techniques to prevent the page being accessed unless the correct steps were followed. This means that security analysts attempting to load one of the pages in isolation would either be served with a benign page, or be blocked from accessing the page in order to analyse it for malicious content.  ",{"data":49251,"content":49255,"nodeType":912},{"target":49252},{"sys":49253},{"id":49254,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2vjZTsrjuILnt5UjNx9Nce",[],{"data":49257,"content":49261,"nodeType":912},{"target":49258},{"sys":49259},{"id":49260,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3pOLIA4beNZ9tU87YLlhT0",[],{"data":49263,"content":49264,"nodeType":866},{},[49265],{"data":49266,"marks":49267,"value":49268,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Further, the attacker tightly scoped the initial malvertising lure to prevent unwanted visitors. Google Ads can be targeted to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. ",{"data":49270,"content":49271,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":49273,"content":49274,"nodeType":981},{},[49275],{"data":49276,"marks":49277,"value":49279,"nodeType":865},{},[49278],{"type":926},"Further observations",{"data":49281,"content":49282,"nodeType":866},{},[49283,49286,49295],{"data":49284,"marks":49285,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49287,"content":49289,"nodeType":889},{"uri":49288},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/google-ads-for-fake-homebrew-logmein-sites-push-infostealers/",[49290],{"data":49291,"marks":49292,"value":49294,"nodeType":865},{},[49293],{"type":943},"According to security researchers",{"data":49296,"marks":49297,"value":49298,"nodeType":865},{},[],", attackers have been recently observed running ClickFix malvertising campaigns over Google Search that also impersonated TradingView. These attacks attempted to deliver malware to Mac users, harvesting sensitive information stored in the browser, cryptocurrency credentials, and exfiltrating to the command and control server.",{"data":49300,"content":49304,"nodeType":912},{"target":49301},{"sys":49302},{"id":49303,"type":909,"linkType":910},"VeLfUptGY8ygKHroPxTby",[],{"data":49306,"content":49307,"nodeType":866},{},[49308],{"data":49309,"marks":49310,"value":49311,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers have been known to target investment and cryptocurrency accounts, particularly those aligned with North Korean state-sponsored operations. This is both targeting individual users as well as business accounts used in operating exchanges themselves, such as in the massive Bybit hack earlier this year. ",{"data":49313,"content":49314,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":49316,"content":49317,"nodeType":981},{},[49318],{"data":49319,"marks":49320,"value":13470,"nodeType":865},{},[49321],{"type":926},{"data":49323,"content":49324,"nodeType":866},{},[49325,49328,49335],{"data":49326,"marks":49327,"value":15773,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49329,"content":49330,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7216},[49331],{"data":49332,"marks":49333,"value":7221,"nodeType":865},{},[49334],{"type":943},{"data":49336,"marks":49337,"value":39696,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49339,"content":49340,"nodeType":866},{},[49341],{"data":49342,"marks":49343,"value":42162,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49345,"content":49346,"nodeType":1616},{},[49347,49357,49367],{"data":49348,"content":49349,"nodeType":1570},{},[49350],{"data":49351,"content":49352,"nodeType":866},{},[49353],{"data":49354,"marks":49355,"value":49356,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://tradingview-charts-compare.primevoro.com",{"data":49358,"content":49359,"nodeType":1570},{},[49360],{"data":49361,"content":49362,"nodeType":866},{},[49363],{"data":49364,"marks":49365,"value":49366,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://tradingplatforms.app",{"data":49368,"content":49369,"nodeType":1570},{},[49370],{"data":49371,"content":49372,"nodeType":866},{},[49373],{"data":49374,"marks":49375,"value":49376,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://accounts.aeonnailspa.com",{"data":49378,"content":49379,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":49381,"content":49382,"nodeType":981},{},[49383],{"data":49384,"marks":49385,"value":42082,"nodeType":865},{},[49386],{"type":926},{"data":49388,"content":49389,"nodeType":866},{},[49390,49394,49402],{"data":49391,"marks":49392,"value":49393,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push doesn’t detect the redirect tricks or rely on outdated domain TI feeds. The reason we detect these attacks (which make it through all the other layers of phishing protection) is that Push sees what your users see. It doesn’t matter what ",{"data":49395,"content":49396,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[49397],{"data":49398,"marks":49399,"value":49401,"nodeType":865},{},[49400],{"type":943},"delivery channel or camouflage methods are used",{"data":49403,"marks":49404,"value":49405,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Push shuts the attack down in real time, as the user loads the malicious page in their web browser.",{"data":49407,"content":49408,"nodeType":866},{},[49409],{"data":49410,"marks":49411,"value":49412,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t all we do: Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":49414,"content":49415,"nodeType":866},{},[49416,49419,49426,49429,49436],{"data":49417,"marks":49418,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49420,"content":49421,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[49422],{"data":49423,"marks":49424,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[49425],{"type":943},{"data":49427,"marks":49428,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49430,"content":49431,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[49432],{"data":49433,"marks":49434,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[49435],{"type":943},{"data":49437,"marks":49438,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49440,"content":49443,"nodeType":912},{"target":49441},{"sys":49442},{"id":48282,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":49445,"content":49446,"nodeType":866},{},[49447],{"data":49448,"marks":49449,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Analysing a sophisticated Google malvertising attack impersonating TradingView","Push recently detected and blocked a malvertising attack impersonating TradingView designed to hijack Google Workspace accounts.","2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack",{"items":49455},[49456,49458],{"sys":49457,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":49459,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":49461},[49462],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":49463},{"url":6570},{"__typename":1429,"sys":49465,"content":49467,"title":49838,"synopsis":49839,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":49840,"slug":49841,"tagsCollection":49842,"authorsCollection":49848},{"id":49466},"72lLmy0CXnOp3LWOdcUguX",{"json":49468},{"data":49469,"content":49470,"nodeType":1382},{},[49471,49478,49485,49491,49498,49531,49538,49544,49551,49557,49563,49569,49575,49581,49584,49592,49599,49606,49613,49621,49627,49645,49652,49669,49674,49677,49684,49691,49764,49771,49774,49781,49788,49795,49801,49827,49832],{"data":49472,"content":49473,"nodeType":981},{},[49474],{"data":49475,"marks":49476,"value":41860,"nodeType":865},{},[49477],{"type":926},{"data":49479,"content":49480,"nodeType":866},{},[49481],{"data":49482,"marks":49483,"value":49484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently detected and blocked a malvertising attack impacting one of our customer’s employees. The employee had searched for “Google ads” in Google Search to log into their Google Ads Manager account.  ",{"data":49486,"content":49490,"nodeType":912},{"target":49487},{"sys":49488},{"id":49489,"type":909,"linkType":910},"40RyyKZC0R07wLU1OZBmH",[],{"data":49492,"content":49493,"nodeType":866},{},[49494],{"data":49495,"marks":49496,"value":49497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The user:",{"data":49499,"content":49500,"nodeType":1616},{},[49501,49511,49521],{"data":49502,"content":49503,"nodeType":1570},{},[49504],{"data":49505,"content":49506,"nodeType":866},{},[49507],{"data":49508,"marks":49509,"value":49510,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Searched for “Google ads” in Google Search",{"data":49512,"content":49513,"nodeType":1570},{},[49514],{"data":49515,"content":49516,"nodeType":866},{},[49517],{"data":49518,"marks":49519,"value":49520,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Click the ad for hxxps://ads-adsword1.odoo.com/…",{"data":49522,"content":49523,"nodeType":1570},{},[49524],{"data":49525,"content":49526,"nodeType":866},{},[49527],{"data":49528,"marks":49529,"value":49530,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Was redirected to hxxps://sing-operador2.click/accounts/v3/login/ where the phishing form was blocked. ",{"data":49532,"content":49533,"nodeType":866},{},[49534],{"data":49535,"marks":49536,"value":49537,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we came to investigate this detection further, we found that the site had already been taken down.  ",{"data":49539,"content":49543,"nodeType":912},{"target":49540},{"sys":49541},{"id":49542,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6eAIVxgaEDQ9krKZvu8zyI",[],{"data":49545,"content":49546,"nodeType":866},{},[49547],{"data":49548,"marks":49549,"value":49550,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, we were able to replicate the user’s activity to find other examples that show clear signs of being linked to the same campaign — both hosted on Odoo, with one also using Kartra as a redirect.",{"data":49552,"content":49556,"nodeType":912},{"target":49553},{"sys":49554},{"id":49555,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1wGu0slZcKBNIUhuNk5SZN",[],{"data":49558,"content":49562,"nodeType":912},{"target":49559},{"sys":49560},{"id":49561,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5SqaaD4vDzvdkzVX8ypxvB",[],{"data":49564,"content":49568,"nodeType":912},{"target":49565},{"sys":49566},{"id":49567,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7IT185wut2jTtQy1lC9F5t",[],{"data":49570,"content":49574,"nodeType":912},{"target":49571},{"sys":49572},{"id":49573,"type":909,"linkType":910},"78WkGo9ZTio1fYvfP7W68",[],{"data":49576,"content":49580,"nodeType":912},{"target":49577},{"sys":49578},{"id":49579,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5CWMR1gxq3Uao4HGGhRLKE",[],{"data":49582,"content":49583,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":49585,"content":49586,"nodeType":981},{},[49587],{"data":49588,"marks":49589,"value":49591,"nodeType":865},{},[49590],{"type":926},"Why malvertising & Google ads?",{"data":49593,"content":49594,"nodeType":866},{},[49595],{"data":49596,"marks":49597,"value":49598,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising attacks delivered over channels like Google Search are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. ",{"data":49600,"content":49601,"nodeType":866},{},[49602],{"data":49603,"marks":49604,"value":49605,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The flipside of this is that malvertising attacks are less likely to be targeted than phishing delivered directly to the victim via a direct message (i.e. email, social media DM, instant messenger app, SMS, etc.). This appears to be true in this case: we were served the ad from a UK location despite the initial ad targeting an EU-based company. ",{"data":49607,"content":49608,"nodeType":866},{},[49609],{"data":49610,"marks":49611,"value":49612,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, that isn’t to say that malvertising attacks can’t be targeted. For example, Google Ads can be targeted to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. Even more precise ad targeting can be achieved on social media platforms. ",{"data":49614,"content":49615,"nodeType":866},{},[49616],{"data":49617,"marks":49618,"value":49620,"nodeType":865},{},[49619],{"type":926},"In this case, it appears that the attacker was specifically targeting Google Ad Manager accounts. ",{"data":49622,"content":49626,"nodeType":912},{"target":49623},{"sys":49624},{"id":49625,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5JA7xWPghOBln49SfkvefW",[],{"data":49628,"content":49629,"nodeType":866},{},[49630,49634,49641],{"data":49631,"marks":49632,"value":49633,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With malvertising on the rise as an increasingly popular attack vector for the delivery of AITM phishing, malware downloads, and ",{"data":49635,"content":49636,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16837},[49637],{"data":49638,"marks":49639,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[49640],{"type":943},{"data":49642,"marks":49643,"value":49644,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push were delivered via Google Search), it makes sense that attackers are looking to increase their web of accounts from which to launch malicious ads. ",{"data":49646,"content":49647,"nodeType":866},{},[49648],{"data":49649,"marks":49650,"value":49651,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Particularly for organizations that are running large numbers of ads with pre-allocated budget/cards for their ad account, or organizations performing ad management/marketing services on behalf of other organizations, it’s easy to see how attackers can take over these accounts and spin up malicious ads. ",{"data":49653,"content":49654,"nodeType":866},{},[49655,49659,49666],{"data":49656,"marks":49657,"value":49658,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising via Google Search is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":49660,"content":49661,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10024},[49662],{"data":49663,"marks":49664,"value":10029,"nodeType":865},{},[49665],{"type":943},{"data":49667,"marks":49668,"value":49216,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49670,"content":49673,"nodeType":912},{"target":49671},{"sys":49672},{"id":48282,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":49675,"content":49676,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":49678,"content":49679,"nodeType":981},{},[49680],{"data":49681,"marks":49682,"value":13470,"nodeType":865},{},[49683],{"type":926},{"data":49685,"content":49686,"nodeType":866},{},[49687],{"data":49688,"marks":49689,"value":49690,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The following domains were involved in the attacks:",{"data":49692,"content":49693,"nodeType":1616},{},[49694,49704,49714,49724,49734,49744,49754],{"data":49695,"content":49696,"nodeType":1570},{},[49697],{"data":49698,"content":49699,"nodeType":866},{},[49700],{"data":49701,"marks":49702,"value":49703,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://ads-adsword1.odoo.com",{"data":49705,"content":49706,"nodeType":1570},{},[49707],{"data":49708,"content":49709,"nodeType":866},{},[49710],{"data":49711,"marks":49712,"value":49713,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://sing-operador2.click/accounts/v3/login",{"data":49715,"content":49716,"nodeType":1570},{},[49717],{"data":49718,"content":49719,"nodeType":866},{},[49720],{"data":49721,"marks":49722,"value":49723,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://adsgooglie.odoo.com/",{"data":49725,"content":49726,"nodeType":1570},{},[49727],{"data":49728,"content":49729,"nodeType":866},{},[49730],{"data":49731,"marks":49732,"value":49733,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://word4only.online/",{"data":49735,"content":49736,"nodeType":1570},{},[49737],{"data":49738,"content":49739,"nodeType":866},{},[49740],{"data":49741,"marks":49742,"value":49743,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://adsloginacess.kartra.com/page/oeN7",{"data":49745,"content":49746,"nodeType":1570},{},[49747],{"data":49748,"content":49749,"nodeType":866},{},[49750],{"data":49751,"marks":49752,"value":49753,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://ads-o.odoo.com",{"data":49755,"content":49756,"nodeType":1570},{},[49757],{"data":49758,"content":49759,"nodeType":866},{},[49760],{"data":49761,"marks":49762,"value":49763,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://operador8-ads.lat/accounts/v3/login/",{"data":49765,"content":49766,"nodeType":866},{},[49767],{"data":49768,"marks":49769,"value":49770,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, with the rate at which these domains were spun up and subsequently taken down (by the attacker or the site hosting the links) IoC-based detections for campaigns such as this are of limited value. ",{"data":49772,"content":49773,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":49775,"content":49776,"nodeType":981},{},[49777],{"data":49778,"marks":49779,"value":42082,"nodeType":865},{},[49780],{"type":926},{"data":49782,"content":49783,"nodeType":866},{},[49784],{"data":49785,"marks":49786,"value":49787,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Regardless of the delivery channel, all roads lead to a web page accessed in the victim’s browser — where Push is waiting to detect and block the attack. ",{"data":49789,"content":49790,"nodeType":866},{},[49791],{"data":49792,"marks":49793,"value":49794,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By seeing what your users see, and getting an unfiltered, real-time view of the page as it loads, Push is able to pinpoint malicious content, code, and behaviors and shut the attack down before it happens. Whether it's entering credentials onto a phishing page, approving a malicious OAuth grant, installing a risky browser extension, or insecurely accessing an app with a weak password and no MFA, Push detects the action and responds in real-time.",{"data":49796,"content":49797,"nodeType":866},{},[49798],{"data":49799,"marks":49800,"value":42103,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49802,"content":49803,"nodeType":866},{},[49804,49807,49814,49817,49824],{"data":49805,"marks":49806,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49808,"content":49809,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[49810],{"data":49811,"marks":49812,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[49813],{"type":943},{"data":49815,"marks":49816,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49818,"content":49819,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[49820],{"data":49821,"marks":49822,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[49823],{"type":943},{"data":49825,"marks":49826,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":49828,"content":49831,"nodeType":912},{"target":49829},{"sys":49830},{"id":48282,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":49833,"content":49834,"nodeType":866},{},[49835],{"data":49836,"marks":49837,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Analysing a malvertising attack targeting business Google accounts intercepted by Push","Analysing a malvertising attack targeting Google business accounts that was intercepted by Push. ","2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z","analysing-a-malvertising-attack-targeting-business-google-accounts",{"items":49843},[49844,49846],{"sys":49845,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":49847,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":49849},[49850],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":49851},{"url":6570},{"__typename":1429,"sys":49853,"content":49854,"title":28192,"synopsis":50430,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":49840,"slug":28193,"tagsCollection":50431,"authorsCollection":50437},{"id":10661},{"json":49855},{"data":49856,"content":49857,"nodeType":1382},{},[49858,49865,49872,49879,49885,49892,49895,49903,49910,49917,49924,49930,49937,49943,49950,49956,49963,49969,49999,50006,50012,50019,50025,50032,50038,50045,50088,50091,50099,50106,50113,50120,50126,50129,50137,50144,50164,50170,50176,50182,50189,50195,50201,50221,50224,50232,50251,50257,50264,50280,50288,50295,50302,50308,50326,50334,50341,50347,50350,50357,50364,50370,50373,50380,50387,50393,50419,50424],{"data":49859,"content":49860,"nodeType":866},{},[49861],{"data":49862,"marks":49863,"value":49864,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently investigated a sophisticated phishing campaign targeting Google Workspace and Facebook Business accounts with Calendly-themed phishing lures, based around a fake job opportunity. ",{"data":49866,"content":49867,"nodeType":866},{},[49868],{"data":49869,"marks":49870,"value":49871,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We were first alerted to the campaign when a Push customer was hit with a highly targeted email-based attack, where the attacker used an Attacker-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing toolkit to target the customer’s Google Workspace account. ",{"data":49873,"content":49874,"nodeType":866},{},[49875],{"data":49876,"marks":49877,"value":49878,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this case, Google was the customer’s primary enterprise IdP account, used to access native Google suite apps as well as SSO to downstream apps — effectively, the front door to their business IT stack. Despite this, the attacker’s MO was specifically the takeover of accounts used for the management of digital ads. ",{"data":49880,"content":49884,"nodeType":912},{"target":49881},{"sys":49882},{"id":49883,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5oivBCf1Fqvnq0GNCSko8f",[],{"data":49886,"content":49887,"nodeType":866},{},[49888],{"data":49889,"marks":49890,"value":49891,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this blog post, we break down the various TTPs used by the attacker across the campaign, and consider why ad management platforms are being specifically targeted.  ",{"data":49893,"content":49894,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":49896,"content":49897,"nodeType":981},{},[49898],{"data":49899,"marks":49900,"value":49902,"nodeType":865},{},[49901],{"type":926},"Variant 1: Targeting Google Workspace with a sophisticated email phish ",{"data":49904,"content":49905,"nodeType":866},{},[49906],{"data":49907,"marks":49908,"value":49909,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first phishing variant we analyzed began with a multi-stage phishing email lure, framed as a job opportunity for LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy), which oversees more than 75 brands across sectors like fashion, cosmetics, watches, and spirits. The specific delivery address is impersonating “Inside LVMH”, the talent acquisition and training arm of LVMH.  ",{"data":49911,"content":49912,"nodeType":866},{},[49913],{"data":49914,"marks":49915,"value":49916,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This lure is notable for multiple reasons. It is highly targeted, well-written, populated with information from the victim, and coming from what appears to be a legitimate employee of LVMH. Even if the victim was initially suspicious, searching for the recruiter’s name would appear to confirm their identity.  ",{"data":49918,"content":49919,"nodeType":866},{},[49920],{"data":49921,"marks":49922,"value":49923,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It is possible, even likely, that this interaction was operated using AI, using information scraped from the internet — but in any case, the outcome achieved is highly convincing. ",{"data":49925,"content":49929,"nodeType":912},{"target":49926},{"sys":49927},{"id":49928,"type":909,"linkType":910},"46BYpquURERbkhWc6C2Lpc",[],{"data":49931,"content":49932,"nodeType":866},{},[49933],{"data":49934,"marks":49935,"value":49936,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Only after the victim has responded to an initial email was the phishing link delivered under the guise of a Calendly link to book time for a call. ",{"data":49938,"content":49942,"nodeType":912},{"target":49939},{"sys":49940},{"id":49941,"type":909,"linkType":910},"37GBkfXGEdWvdQbMq65sad",[],{"data":49944,"content":49945,"nodeType":866},{},[49946],{"data":49947,"marks":49948,"value":49949,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clicking the link takes the victim to an authentic-looking page impersonating a Calendly landing page.",{"data":49951,"content":49955,"nodeType":912},{"target":49952},{"sys":49953},{"id":49954,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1DwOPzK7mxsoJlEBp8cMpr",[],{"data":49957,"content":49958,"nodeType":866},{},[49959],{"data":49960,"marks":49961,"value":49962,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After completing the CAPTCHA check and selecting \"Continue with Google” the victim is redirected to an AiTM phishing page designed to capture Google Workspace credentials, with specific branding impersonating Calendly — making this visually distinct from most common Google-themed phishing pages. ",{"data":49964,"content":49968,"nodeType":912},{"target":49965},{"sys":49966},{"id":49967,"type":909,"linkType":910},"u1SY1uUX23sxfBYLpyaKb",[],{"data":49970,"content":49971,"nodeType":866},{},[49972,49976,49984,49988,49995],{"data":49973,"marks":49974,"value":49975,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This page uses ",{"data":49977,"content":49978,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47941},[49979],{"data":49980,"marks":49981,"value":49983,"nodeType":865},{},[49982],{"type":943},"specific targeting parameters",{"data":49985,"marks":49986,"value":49987,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to ensure that only the intended recipient is able to access the page’s malicious functionality — a well-known ",{"data":49989,"content":49990,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[49991],{"data":49992,"marks":49993,"value":7098,"nodeType":865},{},[49994],{"type":943},{"data":49996,"marks":49997,"value":49998,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to prevent security analysts from being able to fully analyse the page (as malicious elements are not rendered until this check is completed). ",{"data":50000,"content":50001,"nodeType":866},{},[50002],{"data":50003,"marks":50004,"value":50005,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As you can see in the example below, attempts to use any email other than the intended victim’s email domain are blocked.   ",{"data":50007,"content":50011,"nodeType":912},{"target":50008},{"sys":50009},{"id":50010,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5m8LvVYjXz0zrITgTWqxio",[],{"data":50013,"content":50014,"nodeType":866},{},[50015],{"data":50016,"marks":50017,"value":50018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Only entering an allowed email domain loads the password entry field. ",{"data":50020,"content":50024,"nodeType":912},{"target":50021},{"sys":50022},{"id":50023,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6KFRJSsgk2pB6x67kWdpws",[],{"data":50026,"content":50027,"nodeType":866},{},[50028],{"data":50029,"marks":50030,"value":50031,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We identified a number of pages that appear to be part of the same campaign. All these pages have the same visual style, Calendly-themed lure targeting Google Workspace accounts, and appear to match real employees of the respective companies being impersonated. ",{"data":50033,"content":50037,"nodeType":912},{"target":50034},{"sys":50035},{"id":50036,"type":909,"linkType":910},"zMkN1U5QlvIEcfOGmhBBf",[],{"data":50039,"content":50040,"nodeType":866},{},[50041],{"data":50042,"marks":50043,"value":50044,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The different pages include:",{"data":50046,"content":50047,"nodeType":1616},{},[50048,50058,50068,50078],{"data":50049,"content":50050,"nodeType":1570},{},[50051],{"data":50052,"content":50053,"nodeType":866},{},[50054],{"data":50055,"marks":50056,"value":50057,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A different visual match for the LVMH page.",{"data":50059,"content":50060,"nodeType":1570},{},[50061],{"data":50062,"content":50063,"nodeType":866},{},[50064],{"data":50065,"marks":50066,"value":50067,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A Lego recruitment themed page.",{"data":50069,"content":50070,"nodeType":1570},{},[50071],{"data":50072,"content":50073,"nodeType":866},{},[50074],{"data":50075,"marks":50076,"value":50077,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A Mastercard HR themed page.",{"data":50079,"content":50080,"nodeType":1570},{},[50081],{"data":50082,"content":50083,"nodeType":866},{},[50084],{"data":50085,"marks":50086,"value":50087,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An Uber recruitment themed page.",{"data":50089,"content":50090,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":50092,"content":50093,"nodeType":981},{},[50094],{"data":50095,"marks":50096,"value":50098,"nodeType":865},{},[50097],{"type":926},"Variant 2: Targeting Facebook Business accounts",{"data":50100,"content":50101,"nodeType":866},{},[50102],{"data":50103,"marks":50104,"value":50105,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Upon further investigation, we found links to a second phishing page style that appears to be part of a longer campaign targeting Facebook accounts, dating back more than two years. ",{"data":50107,"content":50108,"nodeType":866},{},[50109],{"data":50110,"marks":50111,"value":50112,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In total, we identified 31 unique URLs associated with the same campaign, many of which were recycled over time to impersonate different brands. ",{"data":50114,"content":50115,"nodeType":866},{},[50116],{"data":50117,"marks":50118,"value":50119,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Since most of these pages appeared to be older (and no longer live) they could not be analysed further, beyond giving an indication of how the phishing campaign has evolved over time. ",{"data":50121,"content":50125,"nodeType":912},{"target":50122},{"sys":50123},{"id":50124,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5PFRI9XtNVdkpYiRoIYpF",[],{"data":50127,"content":50128,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":50130,"content":50131,"nodeType":981},{},[50132],{"data":50133,"marks":50134,"value":50136,"nodeType":865},{},[50135],{"type":926},"Variant 3: Targeting both Google and Facebook accounts",{"data":50138,"content":50139,"nodeType":866},{},[50140],{"data":50141,"marks":50142,"value":50143,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We also discovered a third, more recent variant targeting both Google and Facebook accounts with Calendly-styled pages.",{"data":50145,"content":50146,"nodeType":866},{},[50147,50151,50160],{"data":50148,"marks":50149,"value":50150,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This variant looks to leverage a Browser-in-the-Browser style pop-up window similar to the ",{"data":50152,"content":50154,"nodeType":889},{"uri":50153},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-latest-sneaky2fa-phishing-page/",[50155],{"data":50156,"marks":50157,"value":50159,"nodeType":865},{},[50158],{"type":943},"Sneaky2FA attacks we reported on recently",{"data":50161,"marks":50162,"value":50163,"nodeType":865},{},[],". BITB allows the attacker to mask the phishing page URL by presenting a fake URL set by the attacker, inside a pop-up login window. ",{"data":50165,"content":50169,"nodeType":912},{"target":50166},{"sys":50167},{"id":50168,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7w4cmyqPvhxAFrokaK9CE1",[],{"data":50171,"content":50175,"nodeType":912},{"target":50172},{"sys":50173},{"id":50174,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6FUSNecz0BXLxJxoJTsALD",[],{"data":50177,"content":50181,"nodeType":912},{"target":50178},{"sys":50179},{"id":50180,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2zwFDrgsLuxi4Xv2q0nPFK",[],{"data":50183,"content":50184,"nodeType":866},{},[50185],{"data":50186,"marks":50187,"value":50188,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker also implemented additional anti-analysis functionality, beyond the specific domain targeting we observed in the first page variant — the result of which meant the page IP blocked us from interacting with it further. ",{"data":50190,"content":50194,"nodeType":912},{"target":50191},{"sys":50192},{"id":50193,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3ZPdxi5cGZcn5hF1ISIUa7",[],{"data":50196,"content":50200,"nodeType":912},{"target":50197},{"sys":50198},{"id":50199,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3J5pmgNL9LevE1FdX4oksf",[],{"data":50202,"content":50203,"nodeType":866},{},[50204,50208,50217],{"data":50205,"marks":50206,"value":50207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Often ",{"data":50209,"content":50211,"nodeType":889},{"uri":50210},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/anti-sandbox/",[50212],{"data":50213,"marks":50214,"value":50216,"nodeType":865},{},[50215],{"type":943},"accessing dev tools",{"data":50218,"marks":50219,"value":50220,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on a page is enough to trigger this, specifically targeting security analysts and web-crawling security bots/tools. ",{"data":50222,"content":50223,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":50225,"content":50226,"nodeType":981},{},[50227],{"data":50228,"marks":50229,"value":50231,"nodeType":865},{},[50230],{"type":926},"Why are attackers targeting business ad management accounts?",{"data":50233,"content":50234,"nodeType":866},{},[50235,50239,50247],{"data":50236,"marks":50237,"value":50238,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The campaign shows signs of being a long-running, targeted initiative focused on compromising accounts responsible for managing digital ads on behalf of businesses. The attackers have demonstrated that they are continuing to iterate on their TTPs, introducing new page styles with increased sophistication, and new ",{"data":50240,"content":50242,"nodeType":889},{"uri":50241},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/#techniques-table",[50243],{"data":50244,"marks":50245,"value":19925,"nodeType":865},{},[50246],{"type":943},{"data":50248,"marks":50249,"value":50250,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to defeat security analysis tools.  ",{"data":50252,"content":50256,"nodeType":912},{"target":50253},{"sys":50254},{"id":50255,"type":909,"linkType":910},"m5GsTsDb55T70MU2m72B1",[],{"data":50258,"content":50259,"nodeType":866},{},[50260],{"data":50261,"marks":50262,"value":50263,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We also discovered that Google recently issued a security warning specifically for agency organizations managing ads for a number of businesses, urging them to create security alerts whenever a new account is added to a Manager Account (MCC) used to view and manage multiple Google Ads accounts from a single view. ",{"data":50265,"content":50266,"nodeType":866},{},[50267,50270,50277],{"data":50268,"marks":50269,"value":49633,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50271,"content":50272,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16837},[50273],{"data":50274,"marks":50275,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[50276],{"type":943},{"data":50278,"marks":50279,"value":49644,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50281,"content":50282,"nodeType":1317},{},[50283],{"data":50284,"marks":50285,"value":50287,"nodeType":865},{},[50286],{"type":926},"Why are attackers turning to malvertising?",{"data":50289,"content":50290,"nodeType":866},{},[50291],{"data":50292,"marks":50293,"value":50294,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising attacks delivered over search engines (e.g. Google Search) and social media apps (Facebook, LinkedIn, etc.) are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. ",{"data":50296,"content":50297,"nodeType":866},{},[50298],{"data":50299,"marks":50300,"value":50301,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The flipside of this is that malvertising attacks are less likely to be targeted than phishing delivered directly to the victim via a direct message (i.e. email, social media DM, instant messenger app, SMS, etc.). ",{"data":50303,"content":50304,"nodeType":866},{},[50305],{"data":50306,"marks":50307,"value":49612,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50309,"content":50310,"nodeType":866},{},[50311,50315,50322],{"data":50312,"marks":50313,"value":50314,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":50316,"content":50317,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10024},[50318],{"data":50319,"marks":50320,"value":10029,"nodeType":865},{},[50321],{"type":943},{"data":50323,"marks":50324,"value":50325,"nodeType":865},{},[],"” criminal collective, all of which began with identity-based initial access). For this reason, credentials and access are an increasingly profitable commodity for cyber criminals. ",{"data":50327,"content":50328,"nodeType":1317},{},[50329],{"data":50330,"marks":50331,"value":50333,"nodeType":865},{},[50332],{"type":926},"Additional considerations",{"data":50335,"content":50336,"nodeType":866},{},[50337],{"data":50338,"marks":50339,"value":50340,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As previously mentioned, compromising a Google Workspace account (particularly where it is the primary enterprise cloud platform used by the organization) provides comprehensive access to business apps, data, and functionality that can be exploited by attackers — effectively, it’s the access point to modern business IT. There’s a good chance that attackers establishing a foothold in this way would look to leverage this access further, or at least sell on that access to a criminal group looking to take the attack further. ",{"data":50342,"content":50346,"nodeType":912},{"target":50343},{"sys":50344},{"id":50345,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7jnQqRk0JuqEtrQ3HXy3f8",[],{"data":50348,"content":50349,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":50351,"content":50352,"nodeType":981},{},[50353],{"data":50354,"marks":50355,"value":13470,"nodeType":865},{},[50356],{"type":926},{"data":50358,"content":50359,"nodeType":866},{},[50360],{"data":50361,"marks":50362,"value":50363,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We have opted not to provide the domains associated with that campaign to preserve the privacy of the individuals being impersonated by the attacker. In many cases, their full name was included in the URL for the phishing page, while their name and profile picture (most likely scraped from LinkedIn) are also visible on the landing page. ",{"data":50365,"content":50366,"nodeType":866},{},[50367],{"data":50368,"marks":50369,"value":49770,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50371,"content":50372,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":50374,"content":50375,"nodeType":981},{},[50376],{"data":50377,"marks":50378,"value":2270,"nodeType":865},{},[50379],{"type":926},{"data":50381,"content":50382,"nodeType":866},{},[50383],{"data":50384,"marks":50385,"value":50386,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push researchers are continuously analysing and developing new detections based on the latest phishing kits and TTPs which enables us to stay two steps ahead of attackers.",{"data":50388,"content":50389,"nodeType":866},{},[50390],{"data":50391,"marks":50392,"value":37865,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50394,"content":50395,"nodeType":866},{},[50396,50399,50406,50409,50416],{"data":50397,"marks":50398,"value":22427,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50400,"content":50401,"nodeType":889},{"uri":13426},[50402],{"data":50403,"marks":50404,"value":13432,"nodeType":865},{},[50405],{"type":943},{"data":50407,"marks":50408,"value":37882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50410,"content":50411,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[50412],{"data":50413,"marks":50414,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[50415],{"type":943},{"data":50417,"marks":50418,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50420,"content":50423,"nodeType":912},{"target":50421},{"sys":50422},{"id":48282,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":50425,"content":50426,"nodeType":866},{},[50427],{"data":50428,"marks":50429,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Investigating a phishing campaign targeting Google Ads Manager MCC accounts to propagate malvertising lures. ",{"items":50432},[50433,50435],{"sys":50434,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":50436,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":50438},[50439],{"fullName":22471,"firstName":22472,"jobTitle":22473,"profilePicture":50440},{"url":22475},"blog/google-search-malvertising-campaign-continues-now-impersonating-ahrefs",{"json":50443},{"data":50444,"content":50445,"nodeType":1382},{},[50446],{"data":50447,"content":50448,"nodeType":866},{},[50449],{"data":50450,"marks":50451,"value":50452,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In December, we reported on malvertising attacks delivered via Google Search specifically targeting Google Ad Manager accounts. Now, we’ve intercepted more attacks targeting Push customers, this time impersonating Ahrefs. Here’s what you need to know. ",{"id":10637,"publishedAt":50454},"2026-08-12T11:53:21.526Z",{"items":50456},[50457,50459],{"sys":50458,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":50460,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":50462},[50463,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479],{"sys":50464,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":50466,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":50468,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":50470,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":50472,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":50474,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":50476,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":50478,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":50480,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},"KnvzO0A4xbnGOCUl5iUeBFfmPD0Jf_MV-PD_yGFadcc",{"id":50483,"title":50484,"authorsCollection":50485,"content":50489,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":51923,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":51925,"metaTitle":51926,"ogImage":59,"postType":51927,"publishedDate":51928,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":51929,"slug":54194,"stem":54195,"subtitle":59,"summary":54196,"synopsis":54207,"sys":54208,"tagsCollection":54211,"topicsCollection":54217,"__hash__":54261},"blog/blog/taking-the-fight-to-attackers-top-features-of-2025.json","Taking the fight to attackers: Push’s top features of 2025",{"items":50486},[50487],{"fullName":4680,"firstName":4681,"jobTitle":4616,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":50488},{"url":4683},{"json":50490,"links":51771},{"data":50491,"content":50492,"nodeType":1382},{},[50493,50500,50507,50568,50575,50644,50650,50657,50664,50667,50674,50681,50688,50789,50808,50815,50857,50864,50871,50878,50911,50917,50949,50955,50962,50969,51002,51022,51025,51032,51038,51067,51074,51081,51088,51094,51101,51107,51122,51165,51170,51189,51192,51199,51205,51225,51232,51261,51281,51287,51308,51315,51322,51382,51389,51395,51409,51423,51443,51449,51470,51477,51480,51487,51493,51500,51507,51528,51534,51554,51560,51567,51600,51618,51621,51628,51634,51641,51662,51668,51683,51689,51696,51703,51722,51725,51731,51738,51745],{"data":50494,"content":50495,"nodeType":866},{},[50496],{"data":50497,"marks":50498,"value":50499,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Looking back over the year’s headlines and trending TTPs, it’s clear that 2025 was the year that browser-based account takeover techniques made the leap into the mainstream.",{"data":50501,"content":50502,"nodeType":866},{},[50503],{"data":50504,"marks":50505,"value":50506,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A few stats tell the story …",{"data":50508,"content":50509,"nodeType":1616},{},[50510,50529,50548],{"data":50511,"content":50512,"nodeType":1570},{},[50513],{"data":50514,"content":50515,"nodeType":866},{},[50516,50520,50526],{"data":50517,"marks":50518,"value":50519,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity-based attacks surged by 32% over the last year, and 97% of identity attacks were password-based, driven by a combination of credential leaks and infostealer malware. (",{"data":50521,"content":50522,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37675},[50523],{"data":50524,"marks":50525,"value":19700,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50527,"marks":50528,"value":13882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50530,"content":50531,"nodeType":1570},{},[50532],{"data":50533,"content":50534,"nodeType":866},{},[50535,50539,50545],{"data":50536,"marks":50537,"value":50538,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix was the most common initial point of access for adversaries in the past year, accounting for a whopping 47% of observed attacks. (",{"data":50540,"content":50541,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37675},[50542],{"data":50543,"marks":50544,"value":19700,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50546,"marks":50547,"value":13882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50549,"content":50550,"nodeType":1570},{},[50551],{"data":50552,"content":50553,"nodeType":866},{},[50554,50558,50565],{"data":50555,"marks":50556,"value":50557,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Pure malware-based attacks declined, as adversaries continued to shift from targeting endpoints to corporate identities. In the last year-plus, 79% of detections were malware-free, up from 40% in 2019. And abuse of valid accounts was responsible for more than one-third of all cloud-related incidents. (",{"data":50559,"content":50560,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37696},[50561],{"data":50562,"marks":50563,"value":50564,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Crowdstrike",{"data":50566,"marks":50567,"value":13882,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50569,"content":50570,"nodeType":866},{},[50571],{"data":50572,"marks":50573,"value":50574,"nodeType":865},{},[],"… and so do the headlines from 2025:",{"data":50576,"content":50577,"nodeType":1616},{},[50578,50597,50625],{"data":50579,"content":50580,"nodeType":1570},{},[50581],{"data":50582,"content":50583,"nodeType":866},{},[50584,50588,50593],{"data":50585,"marks":50586,"value":50587,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers stole over ",{"data":50589,"marks":50590,"value":50592,"nodeType":865},{},[50591],{"type":926},"1.5 billion records",{"data":50594,"marks":50595,"value":50596,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from an estimated 1,000+ Salesforce tenants by exploiting integrations (Salesloft, Gainsight), phishing credentials, and by tricking users into installing a malicious OAuth app.",{"data":50598,"content":50599,"nodeType":1570},{},[50600],{"data":50601,"content":50602,"nodeType":866},{},[50603,50607,50612,50616,50621],{"data":50604,"marks":50605,"value":50606,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Marks & Spencer was hit with a help desk scam that led to a compromised Microsoft Entra account, followed by a ransomware deployment resulting in months of disruption, ",{"data":50608,"marks":50609,"value":50611,"nodeType":865},{},[50610],{"type":926},"$400M",{"data":50613,"marks":50614,"value":50615,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in lost profits, and around ",{"data":50617,"marks":50618,"value":50620,"nodeType":865},{},[50619],{"type":926},"$1.3B",{"data":50622,"marks":50623,"value":50624,"nodeType":865},{},[]," wiped off their stock market valuation at one stage.",{"data":50626,"content":50627,"nodeType":1570},{},[50628],{"data":50629,"content":50630,"nodeType":866},{},[50631,50635,50640],{"data":50632,"marks":50633,"value":50634,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Jaguar Land Rover was compromised via highly privileged admin accounts — another help desk scam targeting workforce credentials for initial access — resulting in months of disruption that led the UK government to underwrite a ",{"data":50636,"marks":50637,"value":50639,"nodeType":865},{},[50638],{"type":926},"$1.5B",{"data":50641,"marks":50642,"value":50643,"nodeType":865},{},[]," loan to alleviate the supply chain impact. This was the most economically consequential cyber attack yet recorded in a G7 economy.",{"data":50645,"content":50649,"nodeType":912},{"target":50646},{"sys":50647},{"id":50648,"type":909,"linkType":910},"v5YYnjP2NViOh6Ucxp2Fe",[],{"data":50651,"content":50652,"nodeType":866},{},[50653],{"data":50654,"marks":50655,"value":50656,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At Push, we’ve been closely tracking the evolution of browser-based attacks. Looking back at 2025, we’ve seen a notable increase in the sophistication and frequency of modern attack techniques methods like ClickFix, commodified phish kits that bypass MFA, malicious browser extensions, and many more. (Writing phish kit teardowns for the Push blog is practically a full-time job now.)",{"data":50658,"content":50659,"nodeType":866},{},[50660],{"data":50661,"marks":50662,"value":50663,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we’ll take a look at how real-world attacks and our own research drove the features we delivered for Push customers this year to take the fight to adversaries.",{"data":50665,"content":50666,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":50668,"content":50669,"nodeType":981},{},[50670],{"data":50671,"marks":50672,"value":50673,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting and blocking increasingly sophisticated phishing-as-a-service tools",{"data":50675,"content":50676,"nodeType":1317},{},[50677],{"data":50678,"marks":50679,"value":50680,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What happened",{"data":50682,"content":50683,"nodeType":866},{},[50684],{"data":50685,"marks":50686,"value":50687,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The current state of the art for phishing centers on three core developments:",{"data":50689,"content":50690,"nodeType":1616},{},[50691,50720,50760],{"data":50692,"content":50693,"nodeType":1570},{},[50694],{"data":50695,"content":50696,"nodeType":866},{},[50697,50702,50706,50716],{"data":50698,"marks":50699,"value":50701,"nodeType":865},{},[50700],{"type":926},"Detection evasion: ",{"data":50703,"marks":50704,"value":50705,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Adversaries demonstrated a ",{"data":50707,"content":50711,"nodeType":10414},{"target":50708},{"sys":50709},{"id":50710,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4XZ6qCr8pjJvcD7hi09x2Y",[50712],{"data":50713,"marks":50714,"value":50715,"nodeType":865},{},[],"creative array of approaches",{"data":50717,"marks":50718,"value":50719,"nodeType":865},{},[]," this year to hide their intentions from end-users and defenders, using methods such as sending phishing emails from legitimate services; serving phishing pages via malvertising and SEO poisoning; and obfuscating URLs. More sophisticated techniques used page-level obfuscation, cross-domain iframes, single-use links, and legitimate OIDC logins to evade detection and analysis from traditional tools.",{"data":50721,"content":50722,"nodeType":1570},{},[50723],{"data":50724,"content":50725,"nodeType":866},{},[50726,50731,50735,50743,50747,50757],{"data":50727,"marks":50728,"value":50730,"nodeType":865},{},[50729],{"type":926},"Multi-channel delivery of lures:",{"data":50732,"marks":50733,"value":50734,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Adversaries proved the truism of “phishing doesn’t just happen in the mailbox” this year by increasing their observed use of ",{"data":50736,"content":50739,"nodeType":10414},{"target":50737},{"sys":50738},{"id":49466,"type":909,"linkType":910},[50740],{"data":50741,"marks":50742,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50744,"marks":50745,"value":50746,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and SEO poisoning — techniques that place malicious pages within trusted contexts like the Google search engine results page — as well as the use of social media services like LinkedIn to ",{"data":50748,"content":50752,"nodeType":10414},{"target":50749},{"sys":50750},{"id":50751,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2yEhB2gFC2TJDLquVP3cg2",[50753],{"data":50754,"marks":50755,"value":50756,"nodeType":865},{},[],"deliver phishing lures",{"data":50758,"marks":50759,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50761,"content":50762,"nodeType":1570},{},[50763],{"data":50764,"content":50765,"nodeType":866},{},[50766,50771,50775,50785],{"data":50767,"marks":50768,"value":50770,"nodeType":865},{},[50769],{"type":926},"Commodification of phishing toolkits:",{"data":50772,"marks":50773,"value":50774,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) kits have become another SaaS with their own supply chain, including developers of malicious tooling, operators who run the campaigns, and brokers who sell stolen credentials and tokens. The incentives for attackers are clear: quick ROI from targeting workforce identities, and out-of-the-box tools that make it easier to efficiently spin up new campaigns or try new techniques. As with any SaaS offering, the customer (attackers, in this case) benefits from rapid innovations they didn’t have to build. We saw this recently with the ",{"data":50776,"content":50780,"nodeType":10414},{"target":50777},{"sys":50778},{"id":50779,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6QLonRmBzbj9h88Y7jD0LU",[50781],{"data":50782,"marks":50783,"value":50784,"nodeType":865},{},[],"addition of a browser-in-the-browser (BitB) technique",{"data":50786,"marks":50787,"value":50788,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to the phish kit Sneaky2FA — a change that makes it even more effective.",{"data":50790,"content":50791,"nodeType":866},{},[50792,50796,50804],{"data":50793,"marks":50794,"value":50795,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In 2025, Push researchers tracked how each of these developments expanded in scope and sophistication. Check out our ",{"data":50797,"content":50799,"nodeType":889},{"uri":50798},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/",[50800],{"data":50801,"marks":50802,"value":50803,"nodeType":865},{},[],"phishing detection evasion techniques matrix",{"data":50805,"marks":50806,"value":50807,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on Github for more detail. ",{"data":50809,"content":50810,"nodeType":866},{},[50811],{"data":50812,"marks":50813,"value":50814,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The takeaways for security teams?",{"data":50816,"content":50817,"nodeType":1616},{},[50818,50828,50847],{"data":50819,"content":50820,"nodeType":1570},{},[50821],{"data":50822,"content":50823,"nodeType":866},{},[50824],{"data":50825,"marks":50826,"value":50827,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can’t block your way to safety when adversaries are using the same legitimate apps that your employees use.",{"data":50829,"content":50830,"nodeType":1570},{},[50831],{"data":50832,"content":50833,"nodeType":866},{},[50834,50838,50843],{"data":50835,"marks":50836,"value":50837,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Similarly, while end-user training is important, it’s not reasonable to expect employees to know when a SharePoint document link is malicious when it looks identical to the ones they trust every day — because adversaries ",{"data":50839,"marks":50840,"value":50842,"nodeType":865},{},[50841],{"type":898},"are using the legitimate service",{"data":50844,"marks":50845,"value":50846,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Push researchers have observed the abuse of hundreds of legitimate services in phishing attacks this year.",{"data":50848,"content":50849,"nodeType":1570},{},[50850],{"data":50851,"content":50852,"nodeType":866},{},[50853],{"data":50854,"marks":50855,"value":50856,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security solutions need to be able to analyze real-time context and behavior, not rely solely on inferences from secondary characteristics like domain reputation.",{"data":50858,"content":50859,"nodeType":866},{},[50860],{"data":50861,"marks":50862,"value":50863,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here's what we built to help defend organizations.",{"data":50865,"content":50866,"nodeType":1317},{},[50867],{"data":50868,"marks":50869,"value":50870,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What we built",{"data":50872,"content":50873,"nodeType":866},{},[50874],{"data":50875,"marks":50876,"value":50877,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The feature we built in 2025 that gave us unique insight into these TTPs is Push’s Detections capability. With Detections, you can:",{"data":50879,"content":50880,"nodeType":1616},{},[50881,50891,50901],{"data":50882,"content":50883,"nodeType":1570},{},[50884],{"data":50885,"content":50886,"nodeType":866},{},[50887],{"data":50888,"marks":50889,"value":50890,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get alerted when Push detects a browser-based attack, and see how the Push agent responded to block the attack. The platform provides a front-end view for quick triage, and you can also pipe the detection events to your SIEM or other platform of choice.",{"data":50892,"content":50893,"nodeType":1570},{},[50894],{"data":50895,"content":50896,"nodeType":866},{},[50897],{"data":50898,"marks":50899,"value":50900,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Review a timeline of the incident: Where a phishing link originated; whether a user entered their credentials; what kind of phishkit was detected; and how Push responded (configurable based on your environment).",{"data":50902,"content":50903,"nodeType":1570},{},[50904],{"data":50905,"content":50906,"nodeType":866},{},[50907],{"data":50908,"marks":50909,"value":50910,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get actionable telemetry and metadata about an incident, including a screenshot of the malicious page to see exactly what the user saw; intel about the involved domains, including when they were registered and if they’ve been scanned by urlscan before; and the blast radius of an attack, including other apps that shared a password with the potentially compromised account",{"data":50912,"content":50916,"nodeType":912},{"target":50913},{"sys":50914},{"id":50915,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5dygPaG3Gfw4Yeicffv6tV",[],{"data":50918,"content":50919,"nodeType":866},{},[50920,50924,50929,50932,50937,50940,50945],{"data":50921,"marks":50922,"value":50923,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This telemetry — combined with Push’s out-of-the-box controls like ",{"data":50925,"marks":50926,"value":50928,"nodeType":865},{},[50927],{"type":926},"Phishing tool detection",{"data":50930,"marks":50931,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50933,"marks":50934,"value":50936,"nodeType":865},{},[50935],{"type":926},"Cloned login page detection",{"data":50938,"marks":50939,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":50941,"marks":50942,"value":50944,"nodeType":865},{},[50943],{"type":926},"Malicious copy and paste detection",{"data":50946,"marks":50947,"value":50948,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (aka ClickFix detection) — give you a seat on the user’s side of the equation, capturing real-time information about what users did and the TTPs of an attack so you can investigate and respond efficiently and confidently.",{"data":50950,"content":50954,"nodeType":912},{"target":50951},{"sys":50952},{"id":50953,"type":909,"linkType":910},"563fJFSgoLDOwSXSQ9Y0MM",[],{"data":50956,"content":50957,"nodeType":866},{},[50958],{"data":50959,"marks":50960,"value":50961,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With the visibility provided by this telemetry across Push’s install base, our R&D and Product teams have rapidly iterated all year on our detections to increase coverage and respond quickly to newly identified attack types.",{"data":50963,"content":50964,"nodeType":866},{},[50965],{"data":50966,"marks":50967,"value":50968,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This year, we also released:",{"data":50970,"content":50971,"nodeType":1616},{},[50972,50982,50992],{"data":50973,"content":50974,"nodeType":1570},{},[50975],{"data":50976,"content":50977,"nodeType":866},{},[50978],{"data":50979,"marks":50980,"value":50981,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detections for new variants of cloned login pages and AiTM phish kits.",{"data":50983,"content":50984,"nodeType":1570},{},[50985],{"data":50986,"content":50987,"nodeType":866},{},[50988],{"data":50989,"marks":50990,"value":50991,"nodeType":865},{},[],"12+ pre-release detections focused on flagging emerging attacker techniques.",{"data":50993,"content":50994,"nodeType":1570},{},[50995],{"data":50996,"content":50997,"nodeType":866},{},[50998],{"data":50999,"marks":51000,"value":51001,"nodeType":865},{},[],"7+ first-class SIEM and SOAR integrations, to make it simpler to ingest Push telemetry and operationalize it.",{"data":51003,"content":51004,"nodeType":866},{},[51005,51009,51019],{"data":51006,"marks":51007,"value":51008,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about Push’s detections features in our ",{"data":51010,"content":51014,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51011},{"sys":51012},{"id":51013,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6OFdfAsoPUECeRAetWvedp",[51015],{"data":51016,"marks":51017,"value":51018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"blog article",{"data":51020,"marks":51021,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51023,"content":51024,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":51026,"content":51027,"nodeType":981},{},[51028],{"data":51029,"marks":51030,"value":51031,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting and blocking ClickFix-style malicious copy and paste attacks",{"data":51033,"content":51034,"nodeType":1317},{},[51035],{"data":51036,"marks":51037,"value":50680,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51039,"content":51040,"nodeType":866},{},[51041,51045,51052,51056,51063],{"data":51042,"marks":51043,"value":51044,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix-style attacks left their mark in 2025, quickly becoming one of the most prevalent attack techniques — with ",{"data":51046,"content":51047,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44956},[51048],{"data":51049,"marks":51050,"value":51051,"nodeType":865},{},[],"estimates",{"data":51053,"marks":51054,"value":51055,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of a 400 percent year-over-year increase, and another ",{"data":51057,"content":51058,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44969},[51059],{"data":51060,"marks":51061,"value":51062,"nodeType":865},{},[],"report",{"data":51064,"marks":51065,"value":51066,"nodeType":865},{},[]," documenting a 517 percent growth in just the last 6 months of the year.",{"data":51068,"content":51069,"nodeType":866},{},[51070],{"data":51071,"marks":51072,"value":51073,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What is ClickFix? This attack technique prompts the user to solve some kind of problem or troubleshooting step in the browser — often presented as a CAPTCHA challenge. The key aspect of the attack is that it tricks users into running malicious commands on their device by copying malicious code from the page clipboard and running it locally. (The copy typically occurs  automatically via the page itself, but can also be performed manually by the user.)",{"data":51075,"content":51076,"nodeType":866},{},[51077],{"data":51078,"marks":51079,"value":51080,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These malicious copy and paste attacks are often used to deliver infostealer malware or remote access software, with the attacker’s end goal being stealing session cookies and credentials to facilitate attacks on business apps.",{"data":51082,"content":51083,"nodeType":866},{},[51084],{"data":51085,"marks":51086,"value":51087,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What’s especially challenging about this attack type is that it usually can only be detected after the fact — when a machine is already compromised, or malicious code attempts to execute (if EDR catches it). Even if it is detected, security teams are left flying blind when they try to determine the initial vector for the attack, and which other users might have been targeted.",{"data":51089,"content":51090,"nodeType":1317},{},[51091],{"data":51092,"marks":51093,"value":50870,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51095,"content":51096,"nodeType":866},{},[51097],{"data":51098,"marks":51099,"value":51100,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because of our position in the browser, Push is uniquely positioned to detect and block browser-native attacks like ClickFix and other forms of malicious copy and paste techniques. So that’s what we built.",{"data":51102,"content":51106,"nodeType":912},{"target":51103},{"sys":51104},{"id":51105,"type":909,"linkType":910},"56jVT7dbNqUGiSRTfTCQw2",[],{"data":51108,"content":51109,"nodeType":866},{},[51110,51114,51118],{"data":51111,"marks":51112,"value":51113,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With our ",{"data":51115,"marks":51116,"value":50944,"nodeType":865},{},[51117],{"type":926},{"data":51119,"marks":51120,"value":51121,"nodeType":865},{},[],", you can:",{"data":51123,"content":51124,"nodeType":1616},{},[51125,51135,51145,51155],{"data":51126,"content":51127,"nodeType":1570},{},[51128],{"data":51129,"content":51130,"nodeType":866},{},[51131],{"data":51132,"marks":51133,"value":51134,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detect ClickFix-style attacks as soon as they target end-users, regardless of the delivery channel for the lure, or the specifics of the malware type and execution.",{"data":51136,"content":51137,"nodeType":1570},{},[51138],{"data":51139,"content":51140,"nodeType":866},{},[51141],{"data":51142,"marks":51143,"value":51144,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block these attacks before the malicious code is copied to the clipboard.",{"data":51146,"content":51147,"nodeType":1570},{},[51148],{"data":51149,"content":51150,"nodeType":866},{},[51151],{"data":51152,"marks":51153,"value":51154,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Safely collect the payload for further investigation by your security team, and replace the clipboard contents with safe text as part of the blocking action.",{"data":51156,"content":51157,"nodeType":1570},{},[51158],{"data":51159,"content":51160,"nodeType":866},{},[51161],{"data":51162,"marks":51163,"value":51164,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Capture a detailed timeline of events to see how users were targeted and how the attack unfolded.",{"data":51166,"content":51169,"nodeType":912},{"target":51167},{"sys":51168},{"id":44845,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":51171,"content":51172,"nodeType":866},{},[51173,51177,51186],{"data":51174,"marks":51175,"value":51176,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about ClickFix detection in our ",{"data":51178,"content":51181,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51179},{"sys":51180},{"id":38578,"type":909,"linkType":910},[51182],{"data":51183,"marks":51184,"value":51185,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documentation",{"data":51187,"marks":51188,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51190,"content":51191,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":51193,"content":51194,"nodeType":981},{},[51195],{"data":51196,"marks":51197,"value":51198,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Getting ahead of breaches tied to stolen credentials and ghost logins",{"data":51200,"content":51201,"nodeType":1317},{},[51202],{"data":51203,"marks":51204,"value":50680,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51206,"content":51207,"nodeType":866},{},[51208,51212,51222],{"data":51209,"marks":51210,"value":51211,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Starting in November 2024 and continuing through July 2025, adversaries linked to the HELLCAT threat group compromised Jira tenants belonging to 10 organizations using ",{"data":51213,"content":51217,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51214},{"sys":51215},{"id":51216,"type":909,"linkType":910},"gANCbeL9AnxmbGAE5HhyG",[51218],{"data":51219,"marks":51220,"value":51221,"nodeType":865},{},[],"stolen credentials",{"data":51223,"marks":51224,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51226,"content":51227,"nodeType":866},{},[51228],{"data":51229,"marks":51230,"value":51231,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Business-critical applications like Jira are prime targets for attackers, who in this case dumped valuable data and then held it for ransom (or sold it on criminal marketplaces). Of course, this isn’t just a problem for Jira — data from Push’s initial deployment into customer environments shows that lots of critical apps lack basic controls like strong passwords and MFA.",{"data":51233,"content":51234,"nodeType":866},{},[51235,51239,51247,51251,51257],{"data":51236,"marks":51237,"value":51238,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The evolving threat group known as ",{"data":51240,"content":51243,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51241},{"sys":51242},{"id":36951,"type":909,"linkType":910},[51244],{"data":51245,"marks":51246,"value":10029,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51248,"marks":51249,"value":51250,"nodeType":865},{},[]," has also embraced the use of stolen creds, session cookies, and unprotected local account logins — aka ",{"data":51252,"content":51253,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37262},[51254],{"data":51255,"marks":51256,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51258,"marks":51259,"value":51260,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — to compromise large organizations.",{"data":51262,"content":51263,"nodeType":866},{},[51264,51268,51277],{"data":51265,"marks":51266,"value":51267,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In 2025, Red Hat’s GitLab instance was compromised due to a local account that essentially provided a backdoor to an otherwise secure and SSO-connected account — an attack reminiscent of the ",{"data":51269,"content":51273,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51270},{"sys":51271},{"id":51272,"type":909,"linkType":910},"PAPJPr3CIB6J20udYyy1r",[51274],{"data":51275,"marks":51276,"value":17989,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51278,"marks":51279,"value":51280,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which targeted local logins that lacked MFA.",{"data":51282,"content":51283,"nodeType":1317},{},[51284],{"data":51285,"marks":51286,"value":50870,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51288,"content":51289,"nodeType":866},{},[51290,51294,51304],{"data":51291,"marks":51292,"value":51293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push already provided the ability to detect stolen credentials being actively used by employees in your organization with our ",{"data":51295,"content":51299,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51296},{"sys":51297},{"id":51298,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6vCr4d3R1XA1E8dU883l7N",[51300],{"data":51301,"marks":51302,"value":51303,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen credential detection control",{"data":51305,"marks":51306,"value":51307,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This provides an early-warning signal when Push finds a match between credentials for sale on criminal forums with those still being used by your employees, reducing some 99.5% of false positives we usually see with TI feed data.",{"data":51309,"content":51310,"nodeType":866},{},[51311],{"data":51312,"marks":51313,"value":51314,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With Push, you can also identify where employees are logging in with passwords on apps that otherwise should be using SAML, OIDC, or some other federated mechanism — aka the ghost login vulnerability.",{"data":51316,"content":51317,"nodeType":866},{},[51318],{"data":51319,"marks":51320,"value":51321,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This year, we made it easier for security teams to enforce two security fundamentals that help harden accounts and reduce the risk of ATO, even on unmanaged apps:",{"data":51323,"content":51324,"nodeType":1616},{},[51325,51354],{"data":51326,"content":51327,"nodeType":1570},{},[51328],{"data":51329,"content":51330,"nodeType":866},{},[51331,51336,51340,51350],{"data":51332,"marks":51333,"value":51335,"nodeType":865},{},[51334],{"type":926},"Strong password enforcement:",{"data":51337,"marks":51338,"value":51339,"nodeType":865},{},[]," With this control, you can prompt end-users to ",{"data":51341,"content":51345,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51342},{"sys":51343},{"id":51344,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5aB5x5VXrMv7PDmH0iiK0c",[51346],{"data":51347,"marks":51348,"value":51349,"nodeType":865},{},[],"fix an insecure password",{"data":51351,"marks":51352,"value":51353,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on all your workforce apps, even the ones you don’t centrally manage. ",{"data":51355,"content":51356,"nodeType":1570},{},[51357],{"data":51358,"content":51359,"nodeType":866},{},[51360,51365,51368,51378],{"data":51361,"marks":51362,"value":51364,"nodeType":865},{},[51363],{"type":926},"MFA enforcement:",{"data":51366,"marks":51367,"value":51339,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51369,"content":51373,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51370},{"sys":51371},{"id":51372,"type":909,"linkType":910},"wikyVxlHwKUOKM9xo19eP",[51374],{"data":51375,"marks":51376,"value":51377,"nodeType":865},{},[],"register for MFA",{"data":51379,"marks":51380,"value":51381,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where Push detects it’s missing — again, even on unmanaged apps.",{"data":51383,"content":51384,"nodeType":866},{},[51385],{"data":51386,"marks":51387,"value":51388,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both of these controls use in-browser banners to provide point-in-time guidance to users when they’re most likely to see it and act on it.",{"data":51390,"content":51394,"nodeType":912},{"target":51391},{"sys":51392},{"id":51393,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3XH0hnnhcZNI47PhdiD4q0",[],{"data":51396,"content":51397,"nodeType":866},{},[51398,51402,51406],{"data":51399,"marks":51400,"value":51401,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To address the pattern of adversaries moving from targeting hardened core apps such as identity providers to the likes of GitLab, Postman, Jira, and others containing valuable corporate data, we also expanded one of the Push platform’s core security controls called ",{"data":51403,"marks":51404,"value":38964,"nodeType":865},{},[51405],{"type":926},{"data":51407,"marks":51408,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51410,"content":51411,"nodeType":866},{},[51412,51415,51419],{"data":51413,"marks":51414,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51416,"marks":51417,"value":38964,"nodeType":865},{},[51418],{"type":926},{"data":51420,"marks":51421,"value":51422,"nodeType":865},{},[]," control previously could be applied only to IdP passwords, allowing you to essentially “pin” the credential for those systems so that it could never be entered on a phishing page or reused on any other app. ",{"data":51424,"content":51425,"nodeType":866},{},[51426,51430,51439],{"data":51427,"marks":51428,"value":51429,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We expanded that control to allow you to ",{"data":51431,"content":51434,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51432},{"sys":51433},{"id":38766,"type":909,"linkType":910},[51435],{"data":51436,"marks":51437,"value":51438,"nodeType":865},{},[],"protect passwords on any valuable app",{"data":51440,"marks":51441,"value":51442,"nodeType":865},{},[],", preventing account takeover through phished creds and reducing the blast radius of attacks when a compromised account has been reusing passwords on multiple applications.",{"data":51444,"content":51448,"nodeType":912},{"target":51445},{"sys":51446},{"id":51447,"type":909,"linkType":910},"74l82HIeaumFX4u9AMjj79",[],{"data":51450,"content":51451,"nodeType":866},{},[51452,51456,51466],{"data":51453,"marks":51454,"value":51455,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push also now gives you visibility into where employees are ",{"data":51457,"content":51461,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51458},{"sys":51459},{"id":51460,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7uLeQ9twNl5RyNaWkkJNjd",[51462],{"data":51463,"marks":51464,"value":51465,"nodeType":865},{},[],"syncing their corporate browser profile",{"data":51467,"marks":51468,"value":51469,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to a personal profile, raising the risk of syncing corporate passwords to unmanaged devices — another vector for credential harvesting if those endpoints become compromised.",{"data":51471,"content":51472,"nodeType":866},{},[51473],{"data":51474,"marks":51475,"value":51476,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And of course, underlying all these features is the foundational visibility of all your apps, accounts, account vulnerabilities, and login methods that Push provides.",{"data":51478,"content":51479,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":51481,"content":51482,"nodeType":981},{},[51483],{"data":51484,"marks":51485,"value":51486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Blocking malicious browser extensions",{"data":51488,"content":51489,"nodeType":1317},{},[51490],{"data":51491,"marks":51492,"value":50680,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51494,"content":51495,"nodeType":866},{},[51496],{"data":51497,"marks":51498,"value":51499,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Getting visibility and control over all the browser extensions used across your workforce has long been a thorny problem for security teams. ",{"data":51501,"content":51502,"nodeType":866},{},[51503],{"data":51504,"marks":51505,"value":51506,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The possible solutions haven’t been great, either. Teams could either apply a blunt-force block for most or all extensions, or spend painstaking time trying to understand what was installed, why, and by whom, across all the browsers in the environment.",{"data":51508,"content":51509,"nodeType":866},{},[51510,51514,51524],{"data":51511,"marks":51512,"value":51513,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The urgency of solving this problem increased for many organizations this year after the December 2024 compromise of at least 35 Google Chrome extensions in a ",{"data":51515,"content":51519,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51516},{"sys":51517},{"id":51518,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6sprbTRpfnTJsP3mGR2gKa",[51520],{"data":51521,"marks":51522,"value":51523,"nodeType":865},{},[],"campaign targeting browser extension developers",{"data":51525,"marks":51526,"value":51527,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Cyberhaven’s extension was one of these, and the campaign inherited their name.",{"data":51529,"content":51530,"nodeType":1317},{},[51531],{"data":51532,"marks":51533,"value":50870,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51535,"content":51536,"nodeType":866},{},[51537,51541,51550],{"data":51538,"marks":51539,"value":51540,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With Push, you can now get visibility across ",{"data":51542,"content":51545,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51543},{"sys":51544},{"id":38850,"type":909,"linkType":910},[51546],{"data":51547,"marks":51548,"value":51549,"nodeType":865},{},[],"all the browser extensions",{"data":51551,"marks":51552,"value":51553,"nodeType":865},{},[]," installed on employee browsers in your environment, and block the ones you don’t want.",{"data":51555,"content":51559,"nodeType":912},{"target":51556},{"sys":51557},{"id":51558,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5J5jdmwugy7yU8GGwxe7iH",[],{"data":51561,"content":51562,"nodeType":866},{},[51563],{"data":51564,"marks":51565,"value":51566,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also:",{"data":51568,"content":51569,"nodeType":1616},{},[51570,51580,51590],{"data":51571,"content":51572,"nodeType":1570},{},[51573],{"data":51574,"content":51575,"nodeType":866},{},[51576],{"data":51577,"marks":51578,"value":51579,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Review extensions with risky permissions.",{"data":51581,"content":51582,"nodeType":1570},{},[51583],{"data":51584,"content":51585,"nodeType":866},{},[51586],{"data":51587,"marks":51588,"value":51589,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identify extensions with potentially suspicious installation methods, such as sideloaded or manually installed.",{"data":51591,"content":51592,"nodeType":1570},{},[51593],{"data":51594,"content":51595,"nodeType":866},{},[51596],{"data":51597,"marks":51598,"value":51599,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block extensions based on user groups and browser profiles (e.g. profiles logged in with a company domain).",{"data":51601,"content":51602,"nodeType":866},{},[51603,51607,51615],{"data":51604,"marks":51605,"value":51606,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about extension visibility and management in our ",{"data":51608,"content":51611,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51609},{"sys":51610},{"id":38850,"type":909,"linkType":910},[51612],{"data":51613,"marks":51614,"value":51185,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51616,"marks":51617,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51619,"content":51620,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":51622,"content":51623,"nodeType":981},{},[51624],{"data":51625,"marks":51626,"value":51627,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Adding a layer of protection against help desk scams",{"data":51629,"content":51630,"nodeType":1317},{},[51631],{"data":51632,"marks":51633,"value":50680,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51635,"content":51636,"nodeType":866},{},[51637],{"data":51638,"marks":51639,"value":51640,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, another big theme in this year’s TTPs was the use of help desk social engineering to compromise organizations. ",{"data":51642,"content":51643,"nodeType":866},{},[51644,51648,51658],{"data":51645,"marks":51646,"value":51647,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers like ",{"data":51649,"content":51653,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51650},{"sys":51651},{"id":51652,"type":909,"linkType":910},"wgpdyHDn9NcpIJNr7jnFp",[51654],{"data":51655,"marks":51656,"value":51657,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider",{"data":51659,"marks":51660,"value":51661,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — now known as part of the evolving cybercriminal group Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters — have targeted organizations including MGM Resorts and Marks & Spencer by convincing help desk staff to help them bypass MFA or reset credentials for accounts they then use to access corporate systems. ",{"data":51663,"content":51664,"nodeType":1317},{},[51665],{"data":51666,"marks":51667,"value":50870,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51669,"content":51670,"nodeType":866},{},[51671,51675,51680],{"data":51672,"marks":51673,"value":51674,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To provide an additional layer of security when verifying employee identities during help desk interactions, Push introduced ",{"data":51676,"marks":51677,"value":51679,"nodeType":865},{},[51678],{"type":926},"Employee verification codes",{"data":51681,"marks":51682,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51684,"content":51688,"nodeType":912},{"target":51685},{"sys":51686},{"id":51687,"type":909,"linkType":910},"19Baqh5QwbonzsR0EcaDS8",[],{"data":51690,"content":51691,"nodeType":866},{},[51692],{"data":51693,"marks":51694,"value":51695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are a rotating 6-digit verification code accessible via the Push Security extension dropdown. When an employee contacts your help desk, staff can use this code to help verify their identity before performing any sensitive account changes.",{"data":51697,"content":51698,"nodeType":866},{},[51699],{"data":51700,"marks":51701,"value":51702,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employee verification codes are lightweight, rotate every 24 hours, and don’t require any additional apps or devices.",{"data":51704,"content":51705,"nodeType":866},{},[51706,51710,51719],{"data":51707,"marks":51708,"value":51709,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about verification codes in our ",{"data":51711,"content":51715,"nodeType":10414},{"target":51712},{"sys":51713},{"id":51714,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4rLP8wr6HnvBG2OzqYYKpF",[51716],{"data":51717,"marks":51718,"value":51018,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51720,"marks":51721,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51723,"content":51724,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":51726,"content":51727,"nodeType":981},{},[51728],{"data":51729,"marks":51730,"value":2270,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":51732,"content":51733,"nodeType":866},{},[51734],{"data":51735,"marks":51736,"value":51737,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. 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“ConsentFix” — a new kind of phishing attack",{"data":52774,"content":52775,"nodeType":866},{},[52776],{"data":52777,"marks":52778,"value":52779,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push browser agent recently detected and blocked a new attack technique seen targeting several Push customers. ",{"data":52781,"content":52782,"nodeType":866},{},[52783],{"data":52784,"marks":52785,"value":52786,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is a new kind of browser-based attack technique that takes over user accounts with a simple copy and paste. If you’re already logged into the app in your browser, you don’t even need to supply creds, or pass an MFA check — meaning it effectively circumvents phishing-resistant auth like passkeys too.",{"data":52788,"content":52789,"nodeType":866},{},[52790],{"data":52791,"marks":52792,"value":52793,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is so different from the AiTM phish kits we usually come up against that we felt it deserved a new name. ",{"data":52795,"content":52796,"nodeType":866},{},[52797,52802],{"data":52798,"marks":52799,"value":52801,"nodeType":865},{},[52800],{"type":926},"Enter: ConsentFix. ",{"data":52803,"marks":52804,"value":52805,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This attack shares a lot of similarities with ClickFix/FileFix, AiTM phishing, and OAuth Consent Phishing. You can think of this as a browser-native ClickFix attack that phishes an OAuth token on a target app by getting the victim to copy and paste a URL containing OAuth key material into a phishing page. ",{"data":52807,"content":52808,"nodeType":866},{},[52809],{"data":52810,"marks":52811,"value":52812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The campaign we detected looks to be specifically targeting Microsoft accounts by abusing the Azure CLI OAuth app. Essentially, the attacker tricks the victim into logging into Azure CLI, by generating an OAuth authorization code — visible in a localhost URL — and then pasting that URL (including the code) into an attacker-controlled page. This then creates an OAuth connection between the victim’s Microsoft account and the attacker’s Azure CLI instance. ",{"data":52814,"content":52818,"nodeType":912},{"target":52815},{"sys":52816},{"id":52817,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5GTnqWIbmraz8HZeHMybrP",[],{"data":52820,"content":52824,"nodeType":912},{"target":52821},{"sys":52822},{"id":52823,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1lcjX5q3b1bsuhyOXKvJpW",[],{"data":52826,"content":52827,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":52829,"content":52830,"nodeType":981},{},[52831],{"data":52832,"marks":52833,"value":52835,"nodeType":865},{},[52834],{"type":926},"How ConsentFix works",{"data":52837,"content":52838,"nodeType":866},{},[52839],{"data":52840,"marks":52841,"value":52842,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In all of the examples we saw, the victim accessed a malicious or compromised webpage via Google Search. The vast majority of the sites we’ve seen associated with the campaign are legitimate, compromised websites with high domain reputation that are easily findable via search engines.",{"data":52844,"content":52845,"nodeType":866},{},[52846],{"data":52847,"marks":52848,"value":52849,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker had injected a fake Cloudflare Turnstile into the compromised websites, requiring an email address to be supplied in order to proceed. ",{"data":52851,"content":52855,"nodeType":912},{"target":52852},{"sys":52853},{"id":52854,"type":909,"linkType":910},"39jEjeLqOYIkGc4o9w3MuX",[],{"data":52857,"content":52858,"nodeType":866},{},[52859,52863,52870],{"data":52860,"marks":52861,"value":52862,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This acted as a form of ",{"data":52864,"content":52865,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47941},[52866],{"data":52867,"marks":52868,"value":49245,"nodeType":865},{},[52869],{"type":943},{"data":52871,"marks":52872,"value":52873,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that would only continue if a valid email address and domain was supplied, designed to prevent the page from being analyzed by security bots, analysts, and low-value accounts that run the risk of exposing the campaign before the intended recipient(s) can be phished. ",{"data":52875,"content":52876,"nodeType":866},{},[52877],{"data":52878,"marks":52879,"value":52880,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If a domain not on the target list was provided, the victim was passed back to the original website and the attack did not progress to the next stage. Further, once the check has concluded per IP, the phishing page will no longer activate, even a different email is provided.  ",{"data":52882,"content":52886,"nodeType":912},{"target":52883},{"sys":52884},{"id":52885,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7ttmGnTzi9j87tBXfyFcOA",[],{"data":52888,"content":52889,"nodeType":866},{},[52890],{"data":52891,"marks":52892,"value":52893,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After entering an approved email address, the next stage was loaded, prompting the victim to complete a set of instructions on the page to continue.",{"data":52895,"content":52899,"nodeType":912},{"target":52896},{"sys":52897},{"id":52898,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2oHYNoMgAz6MdgLlcWjbaB",[],{"data":52901,"content":52902,"nodeType":866},{},[52903],{"data":52904,"marks":52905,"value":52906,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To complete the attack, the victim must:",{"data":52908,"content":52909,"nodeType":1616},{},[52910,52920,52930,52940],{"data":52911,"content":52912,"nodeType":1570},{},[52913],{"data":52914,"content":52915,"nodeType":866},{},[52916],{"data":52917,"marks":52918,"value":52919,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Click the “Sign In” button. This opens a new tab that loads a legitimate Microsoft URL associated with the user account/email used to access the page.",{"data":52921,"content":52922,"nodeType":1570},{},[52923],{"data":52924,"content":52925,"nodeType":866},{},[52926],{"data":52927,"marks":52928,"value":52929,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If the user is already logged into Microsoft in their browser, they simply need to select their MS account from the dropdown. Otherwise, they will be required to login via the legitimate Microsoft login URL (no phishing takes place at this stage). ",{"data":52931,"content":52932,"nodeType":1570},{},[52933],{"data":52934,"content":52935,"nodeType":866},{},[52936],{"data":52937,"marks":52938,"value":52939,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once logged into legit Microsoft or the account is selected from the dropdown, the user is redirected to localhost, which generates a URL containing a code associated with the user’s Microsoft account. ",{"data":52941,"content":52942,"nodeType":1570},{},[52943],{"data":52944,"content":52945,"nodeType":866},{},[52946],{"data":52947,"marks":52948,"value":52949,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To complete the phish, the victim copies the URL and pastes it onto the original page. ",{"data":52951,"content":52955,"nodeType":912},{"target":52952},{"sys":52953},{"id":52954,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7zendMbmCViGwtEpUQvq6y",[],{"data":52957,"content":52960,"nodeType":912},{"target":52958},{"sys":52959},{"id":43802,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":52962,"content":52963,"nodeType":866},{},[52964],{"data":52965,"marks":52966,"value":52967,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once the steps are completed, the victim has granted the attacker access to their Microsoft account via Azure CLI. ",{"data":52969,"content":52970,"nodeType":866},{},[52971],{"data":52972,"marks":52973,"value":52974,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At this point, the attacker has effective control of the victim’s Microsoft account, but without ever needing to phish a password, or pass an MFA check. In fact, if the user was already logged in to their Microsoft account (i.e. they had an active session) no login is required at all. ",{"data":52976,"content":52977,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":52979,"content":52980,"nodeType":981},{},[52981],{"data":52982,"marks":52983,"value":52985,"nodeType":865},{},[52984],{"type":926},"The next evolution of ClickFix?",{"data":52987,"content":52988,"nodeType":866},{},[52989,52993,53002],{"data":52990,"marks":52991,"value":52992,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we presented ",{"data":52994,"content":52996,"nodeType":889},{"uri":52995},"https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/clickfix",[52997],{"data":52998,"marks":52999,"value":53001,"nodeType":865},{},[53000],{"type":943},"our last webinar on ClickFix",{"data":53003,"marks":53004,"value":53005,"nodeType":865},{},[],", we predicted that the next evolution of the attack would happen entirely within the browser context. This is because any attack that touches the endpoint (a traditionally much better protected surface) is way more likely to be detected. And with many ClickFix attacks being used to deliver infostealer malware, these attacks are really trying to get back into the browser anyway — to steal credentials and sessions stored there. ",{"data":53007,"content":53008,"nodeType":866},{},[53009],{"data":53010,"marks":53011,"value":53012,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the page — if you follow Push research, you might be getting déjà vu. ",{"data":53014,"content":53018,"nodeType":912},{"target":53015},{"sys":53016},{"id":53017,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1vMZCJ92IxFdR1EzzCOOvb",[],{"data":53020,"content":53021,"nodeType":866},{},[53022,53026,53034],{"data":53023,"marks":53024,"value":53025,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve seen this kind of embedded video player before (albeit a slicker looking one) that we blogged about as ",{"data":53027,"content":53028,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16837},[53029],{"data":53030,"marks":53031,"value":53033,"nodeType":865},{},[53032],{"type":943},"the most advanced ClickFix we’d seen",{"data":53035,"marks":53036,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":53038,"content":53041,"nodeType":912},{"target":53039},{"sys":53040},{"id":44373,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":53043,"content":53044,"nodeType":866},{},[53045,53049,53056],{"data":53046,"marks":53047,"value":53048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another similarity with ClickFix campaigns we’ve investigated is the use of Google Search as a delivery vector. 4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push came via Google Search, with attackers using ",{"data":53050,"content":53051,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44485},[53052],{"data":53053,"marks":53054,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[53055],{"type":943},{"data":53057,"marks":53058,"value":53059,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and either compromised or custom vibe-coded websites to intercept users as they browse the internet. ",{"data":53061,"content":53062,"nodeType":866},{},[53063],{"data":53064,"marks":53065,"value":53066,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So it seems highly likely that this is a kind of browser-native evolution of ClickFix that shares many elements with typical ClickFix attacks, and is probably used by the same groups of attackers.",{"data":53068,"content":53069,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":53071,"content":53072,"nodeType":981},{},[53073],{"data":53074,"marks":53075,"value":53077,"nodeType":865},{},[53076],{"type":926},"OAuth shenanigans via Azure CLI",{"data":53079,"content":53080,"nodeType":866},{},[53081],{"data":53082,"marks":53083,"value":53084,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The clever use of Azure CLI and OAuth consent abuse is another clever iteration on previous techniques. ",{"data":53086,"content":53087,"nodeType":866},{},[53088,53092,53100,53103,53111,53115,53122],{"data":53089,"marks":53090,"value":53091,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve previously seen ",{"data":53093,"content":53095,"nodeType":889},{"uri":53094},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/consent-phishing/",[53096],{"data":53097,"marks":53098,"value":43661,"nodeType":865},{},[53099],{"type":943},{"data":53101,"marks":53102,"value":6889,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":53104,"content":53106,"nodeType":889},{"uri":53105},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/device-code-phishing/",[53107],{"data":53108,"marks":53109,"value":17001,"nodeType":865},{},[53110],{"type":943},{"data":53112,"marks":53113,"value":53114,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks where attackers have tricked victims into connecting malicious external apps into their tenant via OAuth, but this is becoming increasingly difficult in core enterprise cloud environments like Azure due to ",{"data":53116,"content":53117,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43678},[53118],{"data":53119,"marks":53120,"value":43684,"nodeType":865},{},[53121],{"type":943},{"data":53123,"marks":53124,"value":53125,"nodeType":865},{},[],". However, since Azure CLI is a first-party Microsoft app, it is implicitly trusted in Entra ID, and is excluded from these restrictions. ",{"data":53127,"content":53128,"nodeType":866},{},[53129,53133],{"data":53130,"marks":53131,"value":53132,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First-party apps like Azure CLI are trusted by default in all tenants, allowed to request permissions without admin approval, and cannot be deleted or blocked. They can also be granted special permissions, such as tenant-wide service permissions (without needing admin approval), use of legacy or undocumented graph scopes, internal scopes for Microsoft client operations, and permissions for Office/Entra admin functions. ",{"data":53134,"marks":53135,"value":53137,"nodeType":865},{},[53136],{"type":926},"This makes Azure CLI a prime target for attackers, and significantly more exploitable than when connecting a third-party app. ",{"data":53139,"content":53140,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":53142,"content":53143,"nodeType":981},{},[53144],{"data":53145,"marks":53146,"value":53148,"nodeType":865},{},[53147],{"type":926},"Advanced detection evasion techniques",{"data":53150,"content":53151,"nodeType":866},{},[53152,53156,53162],{"data":53153,"marks":53154,"value":53155,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This campaign features some of the most advanced ",{"data":53157,"content":53158,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[53159],{"data":53160,"marks":53161,"value":19925,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":53163,"marks":53164,"value":53165,"nodeType":865},{},[]," we've seen in the wild. ",{"data":53167,"content":53168,"nodeType":866},{},[53169],{"data":53170,"marks":53171,"value":53172,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As well as the use of Google Search to deliver the lure, and bot protection to prevent security tools from analyzing the page, there were multiple layers of anti-analysis techniques to navigate.",{"data":53174,"content":53175,"nodeType":866},{},[53176,53180,53185],{"data":53177,"marks":53178,"value":53179,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We already mentioned the use of selective targeting based on email addresses and domain names. But all sites involved in the campaign also have synchronized IP blocking — meaning if you visit one site and are served one of the associated phishing pages, the phish will never be served again, ",{"data":53181,"marks":53182,"value":53184,"nodeType":865},{},[53183],{"type":926},"across any of the sites linked to the campaign",{"data":53186,"marks":53187,"value":53188,"nodeType":865},{},[],". When you visit any of the sites again, the phish won't trigger, and it can be browsed as normal. ",{"data":53190,"content":53191,"nodeType":866},{},[53192],{"data":53193,"marks":53194,"value":53195,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the backend, there are multiple checks based on your IP and identifiers unique to your session. Unless all of the conditions are met, certain JavaScript packages won't be served — preventing full inspection of the page to detect malicious elements. ",{"data":53197,"content":53198,"nodeType":866},{},[53199],{"data":53200,"marks":53201,"value":53202,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If the conditions aren't met, the page may not load the Cloudflare Turnstile check at all, or will redirect you back to the site to continue browsing as normal.",{"data":53204,"content":53208,"nodeType":912},{"target":53205},{"sys":53206},{"id":53207,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5v0zDoscA6pYLBfkXrNtIH",[],{"data":53210,"content":53211,"nodeType":866},{},[53212],{"data":53213,"marks":53214,"value":53215,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All of these make it incredibly hard to detect and block these attacks ahead of time when relying on URL-based checks and traffic analysis.",{"data":53217,"content":53218,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":53220,"content":53221,"nodeType":981},{},[53222],{"data":53223,"marks":53224,"value":53226,"nodeType":865},{},[53225],{"type":926},"Key takeaways",{"data":53228,"content":53229,"nodeType":866},{},[53230],{"data":53231,"marks":53232,"value":53233,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix is a dangerous evolution of ClickFix and consent phishing that is incredibly hard for traditional security tools to detect and block, as:",{"data":53235,"content":53236,"nodeType":1616},{},[53237,53247,53257,53267,53277],{"data":53238,"content":53239,"nodeType":1570},{},[53240],{"data":53241,"content":53242,"nodeType":866},{},[53243],{"data":53244,"marks":53245,"value":53246,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack happens entirely inside the browser context, removing one of the key detection opportunities for ClickFix (because it doesn’t touch the endpoint).",{"data":53248,"content":53249,"nodeType":1570},{},[53250],{"data":53251,"content":53252,"nodeType":866},{},[53253],{"data":53254,"marks":53255,"value":53256,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Delivering the lure via a Google Search watering hole attack completely circumvents email-based anti-phishing controls.",{"data":53258,"content":53259,"nodeType":1570},{},[53260],{"data":53261,"content":53262,"nodeType":866},{},[53263],{"data":53264,"marks":53265,"value":53266,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Targeting a first-party app like Azure CLI means that many of the mitigating controls available for third-party app integrations do not apply — making this attack way harder to prevent.",{"data":53268,"content":53269,"nodeType":1570},{},[53270],{"data":53271,"content":53272,"nodeType":866},{},[53273],{"data":53274,"marks":53275,"value":53276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because there’s no login required, phishing-resistant authentication controls like passkeys have no impact on this attack. ",{"data":53278,"content":53279,"nodeType":1570},{},[53280],{"data":53281,"content":53282,"nodeType":866},{},[53283],{"data":53284,"marks":53285,"value":53286,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The use of advanced detection evasion techniques makes this attack difficult to investigate, meaning these attacks are going undetected. ",{"data":53288,"content":53289,"nodeType":866},{},[53290],{"data":53291,"marks":53292,"value":53293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re sure to see more examples of ConsentFix in future. We’ll be monitoring to see how attackers adapt in terms of integrating these capabilities with common as-a-Service offerings to make them more widespread, and whether the scope extends further beyond Microsoft / Azure CLI targets in the future to target other enterprise cloud ecosystems. ",{"data":53295,"content":53296,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":53298,"content":53299,"nodeType":981},{},[53300],{"data":53301,"marks":53302,"value":53304,"nodeType":865},{},[53303],{"type":926},"Recommendations",{"data":53306,"content":53310,"nodeType":912},{"target":53307},{"sys":53308},{"id":53309,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3aBCwdB2aNnLRxRN5RrshC",[],{"data":53312,"content":53313,"nodeType":866},{},[53314],{"data":53315,"marks":53316,"value":53317,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the backend, exploitation of this attack will lead to login events being observed to the Microsoft Azure CLI app. It’s likely that any legitimate use of this will most likely be limited to system administrators and possibly developers. Therefore, logins outside of these groups will be inherently more suspicious.",{"data":53319,"content":53320,"nodeType":866},{},[53321],{"data":53322,"marks":53323,"value":53324,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Additionally, it’s possible that aspects of the logins themselves will be different between legitimate Azure CLI use and exploitation of this attack. For example, see the following logs from a lab environment. The login events with an application of  “Microsoft Azure CLI” and a resource of “Azure Resource Manager” was legitimate use of the Azure CLI using the powershell CLI framework. Conversely, the login event with the Resource of “Windows Azure Active Directory” was produced by logging in using the method used by the phishing kit.",{"data":53326,"content":53330,"nodeType":912},{"target":53327},{"sys":53328},{"id":53329,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6ie0nkk6XbgwidfwmiGwL4",[],{"data":53332,"content":53333,"nodeType":866},{},[53334],{"data":53335,"marks":53336,"value":53337,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There is no guarantee this can be used to differentiate between legitimate and malicious examples, but it’s another data point to consider. If searching logs you may wish to use the respective GUIDs for these:",{"data":53339,"content":53340,"nodeType":1616},{},[53341,53356],{"data":53342,"content":53343,"nodeType":1570},{},[53344],{"data":53345,"content":53346,"nodeType":866},{},[53347,53352],{"data":53348,"marks":53349,"value":53351,"nodeType":865},{},[53350],{"type":926},"Application ID",{"data":53353,"marks":53354,"value":53355,"nodeType":865},{},[]," = 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46",{"data":53357,"content":53358,"nodeType":1570},{},[53359],{"data":53360,"content":53361,"nodeType":866},{},[53362,53367],{"data":53363,"marks":53364,"value":53366,"nodeType":865},{},[53365],{"type":926},"Resource ID",{"data":53368,"marks":53369,"value":53370,"nodeType":865},{},[]," = 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000",{"data":53372,"content":53373,"nodeType":866},{},[53374],{"data":53375,"marks":53376,"value":53377,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For interactive logins, like above, you cannot rely on looking for logins from suspicious IP addresses or locations. The login itself occurs from the victims browser directly to Microsoft, and so the IP addresses associated with these events will be the legitimate IP used by the target user, not by the threat actor. ",{"data":53379,"content":53380,"nodeType":866},{},[53381],{"data":53382,"marks":53383,"value":53384,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, for non-interactive logins and other audit logs for actions taken, you may be able to uncover unusual IP addresses that differ from the original interactive login. For example, here are some non-interactive logins that were observed immediately after compromise that came from different IP addresses in both the US and Indonesia.",{"data":53386,"content":53390,"nodeType":912},{"target":53387},{"sys":53388},{"id":53389,"type":909,"linkType":910},"TD3YeWqgGIWIWM8FRHU4o",[],{"data":53392,"content":53393,"nodeType":866},{},[53394],{"data":53395,"marks":53396,"value":53397,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Interestingly, they differ in which resources they accessed, with one accessing the Windows Azure Active Directory resource ID like the interactive login, but two others accessing the Microsoft Intune Checkin resource ID. ",{"data":53399,"content":53403,"nodeType":912},{"target":53400},{"sys":53401},{"id":53402,"type":909,"linkType":910},"57PqDQiAiwzqkspVpROQXb",[],{"data":53405,"content":53406,"nodeType":1317},{},[53407],{"data":53408,"marks":53409,"value":13470,"nodeType":865},{},[53410],{"type":926},{"data":53412,"content":53413,"nodeType":866},{},[53414,53417,53424],{"data":53415,"marks":53416,"value":15773,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":53418,"content":53419,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7216},[53420],{"data":53421,"marks":53422,"value":7221,"nodeType":865},{},[53423],{"type":943},{"data":53425,"marks":53426,"value":39696,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":53428,"content":53429,"nodeType":866},{},[53430],{"data":53431,"marks":53432,"value":53433,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That said, the domains used to deliver the final phishing payload were:",{"data":53435,"content":53436,"nodeType":1616},{},[53437,53447,53457],{"data":53438,"content":53439,"nodeType":1570},{},[53440],{"data":53441,"content":53442,"nodeType":866},{},[53443],{"data":53444,"marks":53445,"value":53446,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://trustpointassurance.com/",{"data":53448,"content":53449,"nodeType":1570},{},[53450],{"data":53451,"content":53452,"nodeType":866},{},[53453],{"data":53454,"marks":53455,"value":53456,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://fastwaycheck.com/",{"data":53458,"content":53459,"nodeType":1570},{},[53460],{"data":53461,"content":53462,"nodeType":866},{},[53463],{"data":53464,"marks":53465,"value":53466,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://previewcentral.com",{"data":53468,"content":53469,"nodeType":866},{},[53470],{"data":53471,"marks":53472,"value":53473,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In addition, we recommend hunting for connections from the following IPs in Azure logs:",{"data":53475,"content":53476,"nodeType":1616},{},[53477,53487,53497],{"data":53478,"content":53479,"nodeType":1570},{},[53480],{"data":53481,"content":53482,"nodeType":866},{},[53483],{"data":53484,"marks":53485,"value":53486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"12.75.216.90",{"data":53488,"content":53489,"nodeType":1570},{},[53490],{"data":53491,"content":53492,"nodeType":866},{},[53493],{"data":53494,"marks":53495,"value":53496,"nodeType":865},{},[],"182.3.36.223",{"data":53498,"content":53499,"nodeType":1570},{},[53500],{"data":53501,"content":53502,"nodeType":866},{},[53503],{"data":53504,"marks":53505,"value":53506,"nodeType":865},{},[],"12.75.116.137",{"data":53508,"content":53509,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":53511,"content":53512,"nodeType":981},{},[53513],{"data":53514,"marks":53515,"value":42082,"nodeType":865},{},[53516],{"type":926},{"data":53518,"content":53519,"nodeType":866},{},[53520],{"data":53521,"marks":53522,"value":44262,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":53524,"content":53528,"nodeType":912},{"target":53525},{"sys":53526},{"id":53527,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5YzpiQH974EYA5iPPZMXkV",[],{"data":53530,"content":53531,"nodeType":866},{},[53532,53535,53542],{"data":53533,"marks":53534,"value":49393,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":53536,"content":53537,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[53538],{"data":53539,"marks":53540,"value":49401,"nodeType":865},{},[53541],{"type":943},{"data":53543,"marks":53544,"value":49405,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":53546,"content":53547,"nodeType":866},{},[53548],{"data":53549,"marks":53550,"value":53551,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t all we do: Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. 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Except for very simple websites, this happens through JavaScript on the client side. ",{"data":64187,"content":64188,"nodeType":866},{},[64189,64193,64202,64205,64213,64216,64225],{"data":64190,"marks":64191,"value":64192,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is hard enough when analysing a typical SaaS app. But the latest generation of fully customized Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing kits are going out of their way to make this as challenging as possible, using techniques like ",{"data":64194,"content":64196,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64195},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/dom-obfuscation/",[64197],{"data":64198,"marks":64199,"value":64201,"nodeType":865},{},[64200],{"type":943},"DOM obfuscation",{"data":64203,"marks":64204,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":64206,"content":64207,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60371},[64208],{"data":64209,"marks":64210,"value":64212,"nodeType":865},{},[64211],{"type":943},"Page obfuscation",{"data":64214,"marks":64215,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":64217,"content":64219,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64218},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/code-obfuscation/",[64220],{"data":64221,"marks":64222,"value":64224,"nodeType":865},{},[64223],{"type":943},"Code obfuscation",{"data":64226,"marks":64227,"value":64228,"nodeType":865},{},[]," so all you see at a network layer is a garbled, obfuscated mess of JS code.",{"data":64230,"content":64234,"nodeType":912},{"target":64231},{"sys":64232},{"id":64233,"type":909,"linkType":910},"71QsaPju68i5QiJcgQlHDs",[],{"data":64236,"content":64237,"nodeType":866},{},[64238],{"data":64239,"marks":64240,"value":64241,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, non-email phishing is going broadly undetected through technical controls. And even when spotted and reported by a user — what can you really do about it?",{"data":64243,"content":64244,"nodeType":866},{},[64245,64249,64254],{"data":64246,"marks":64247,"value":64248,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Take a social media phish. You can’t see which other accounts were targeted or hit in your user base. Unlike email, there’s no way to recall or quarantine the same message hitting multiple users. There’s no rule you can modify, or senders you can block. You can report the account, and ",{"data":64250,"marks":64251,"value":64253,"nodeType":865},{},[64252],{"type":898},"maybe",{"data":64255,"marks":64256,"value":64257,"nodeType":865},{},[]," something will happen when the site owner gets around to it — but the attacker has probably got what they needed by then and moved on. ",{"data":64259,"content":64260,"nodeType":866},{},[64261],{"data":64262,"marks":64263,"value":64264,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most organizations simply block the URLs involved. But this doesn’t really help when attackers are rapidly rotating their phishing domains — by the time you block one site, another three have already taken its place. ",{"data":64266,"content":64270,"nodeType":912},{"target":64267},{"sys":64268},{"id":64269,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1II2kHyOZcShLsexx1TAgy",[],{"data":64272,"content":64273,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":64275,"content":64276,"nodeType":981},{},[64277],{"data":64278,"marks":64279,"value":64281,"nodeType":865},{},[64280],{"type":926},"But aren’t these just personal accounts?",{"data":64283,"content":64284,"nodeType":866},{},[64285],{"data":64286,"marks":64287,"value":64288,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modern phishing attacks blur the boundary between corporate and personal. The fact is that your employees are routinely accessing personal messaging and social media apps on their corporate devices. Users are signed into apps like LinkedIn, X, WhatsApp, Signal, even message boards like Reddit on their work laptop and/or mobile devices. And with malicious links being found on search engines (aka. malvertising), they can even stumble upon them while browsing the web normally.",{"data":64290,"content":64291,"nodeType":866},{},[64292,64296,64301],{"data":64293,"marks":64294,"value":64295,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In short: anywhere that your users can be contacted by someone outside of your organization presents an opportunity for phishing. In fact, in most of these cases people ",{"data":64297,"marks":64298,"value":64300,"nodeType":865},{},[64299],{"type":926},"expect ",{"data":64302,"marks":64303,"value":64304,"nodeType":865},{},[],"to be contacted by people they don’t know. ",{"data":64306,"content":64307,"nodeType":866},{},[64308,64312,64320],{"data":64309,"marks":64310,"value":64311,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s also a myth that campaigns can’t be targeted in the same way on these platforms, that they’re somehow more random and therefore less dangerous. For example, social media accounts are some of the easiest for attackers to create en masse — or take over. According to the most recent ",{"data":64313,"content":64315,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64314},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/T149/reports/2025-dbir-data-breach-investigations-report.pdf",[64316],{"data":64317,"marks":64318,"value":5088,"nodeType":865},{},[64319],{"type":943},{"data":64321,"marks":64322,"value":64323,"nodeType":865},{},[],", 60%+ of creds found in infostealer logs were from social media sites. They’re also likely to use single-factor logins. If an attacker can take over one account, and use it to credibly communicate with one of your employees, they have a way higher likelihood of being successful than with your average unsolicited email. ",{"data":64325,"content":64326,"nodeType":866},{},[64327,64331,64338],{"data":64328,"marks":64329,"value":64330,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious ads can also be targeted. For example, Google Ads can be targeted to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. Phishing sites also often come with ",{"data":64332,"content":64333,"nodeType":889},{"uri":47941},[64334],{"data":64335,"marks":64336,"value":49245,"nodeType":865},{},[64337],{"type":943},{"data":64339,"marks":64340,"value":64341,"nodeType":865},{},[]," parameters to only deliver the malicious payload under specific conditions — for example, only if the visitor came from a particular email campaign link, or only if they are in a certain organization, using a certain browser, from a specific IP range, etc. ",{"data":64343,"content":64344,"nodeType":866},{},[64345,64349,64358],{"data":64346,"marks":64347,"value":64348,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And even if the attacker only manages to reach your employee on their personal device, this can still be laundered into a corporate account compromise. Just look at the ",{"data":64350,"content":64352,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64351},"https://sec.okta.com/articles/2023/11/unauthorized-access-oktas-support-case-management-system-root-cause",[64353],{"data":64354,"marks":64355,"value":64357,"nodeType":865},{},[64356],{"type":943},"2023 Okta breach",{"data":64359,"marks":64360,"value":64361,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where an attacker exploited the fact that an Okta employee had signed into a personal Google profile on their work device. This meant any credentials saved in their browser were synced to their personal device — including a customer support system service account providing access to 134 customer tenants. When their personal device got hacked, so too did all of their work credentials.",{"data":64363,"content":64364,"nodeType":866},{},[64365],{"data":64366,"marks":64367,"value":64368,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, there’s plenty of scope for non-email phishing to result in targeted phishing campaigns. If anything, it’s arguably less work for the attacker to spin up these non-email campaigns than it is to do the necessary legwork to create and build up email sender reputation!",{"data":64370,"content":64371,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":64373,"content":64374,"nodeType":981},{},[64375],{"data":64376,"marks":64377,"value":64379,"nodeType":865},{},[64378],{"type":926},"Case study: LinkedIn spear-phishing",{"data":64381,"content":64382,"nodeType":866},{},[64383,64386,64394],{"data":64384,"marks":64385,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":64387,"content":64388,"nodeType":889},{"uri":937},[64389],{"data":64390,"marks":64391,"value":64393,"nodeType":865},{},[64392],{"type":943},"Attackers recently ran a LinkedIn spear-phishing campaign targeting tech company execs.",{"data":64395,"marks":64396,"value":64397,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The victims were targeted via LinkedIn direct message from another exec about a fake investment opportunity. The sender’s account had been compromised and used to approach high-value targets. ",{"data":64399,"content":64400,"nodeType":866},{},[64401,64405,64414,64418,64426],{"data":64402,"marks":64403,"value":64404,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack led the victim through a chain of custom pages hosted on ",{"data":64406,"content":64408,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64407},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/trusted-website-hosting/",[64409],{"data":64410,"marks":64411,"value":64413,"nodeType":865},{},[64412],{"type":943},"legitimate sites",{"data":64415,"marks":64416,"value":64417,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (a well-known ",{"data":64419,"content":64421,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64420},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/phishing-evolution?",[64422],{"data":64423,"marks":64424,"value":7098,"nodeType":865},{},[64425],{"type":943},{"data":64427,"marks":64428,"value":64429,"nodeType":865},{},[],") such as Google Sites, Google Search, and Microsoft Dynamics, before serving up an Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing page impersonating Google Workspace, before serving up a session-stealing AitM phishing page. ",{"data":64431,"content":64435,"nodeType":912},{"target":64432},{"sys":64433},{"id":64434,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1cEvEzLdKIuj6zuGn9aWJB",[],{"data":64437,"content":64441,"nodeType":912},{"target":64438},{"sys":64439},{"id":64440,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6LfBXkDKqh1ogCMxaxyV6x",[],{"data":64443,"content":64444,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":64446,"content":64447,"nodeType":981},{},[64448],{"data":64449,"marks":64450,"value":64452,"nodeType":865},{},[64451],{"type":926},"Case study: Google Search malvertising",{"data":64454,"content":64455,"nodeType":866},{},[64456,64459,64467],{"data":64457,"marks":64458,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":64460,"content":64461,"nodeType":889},{"uri":42047},[64462],{"data":64463,"marks":64464,"value":64466,"nodeType":865},{},[64465],{"type":943},"A company was hit with a targeted Google ad",{"data":64468,"marks":64469,"value":64470,"nodeType":865},{},[]," which was designed to look highly convincing, and positioned above the legitimate ad. This took advantage of the fact that many users will search for login pages rather than accessing the site via bookmark. ",{"data":64472,"content":64473,"nodeType":866},{},[64474,64478,64487],{"data":64475,"marks":64476,"value":64477,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this case, the attacker had made use of a ",{"data":64479,"content":64481,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64480},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/rentable-subdomains/",[64482],{"data":64483,"marks":64484,"value":64486,"nodeType":865},{},[64485],{"type":943},"rentable subdomain",{"data":64488,"marks":64489,"value":64490,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (us[.]com) to make the link appear highly legitimate, with only small changes to the real URL that were easy to miss. ",{"data":64492,"content":64493,"nodeType":866},{},[64494],{"data":64495,"marks":64496,"value":64497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Instead of the real login, the link took the victim to a session-stealing AITM page.  ",{"data":64499,"content":64500,"nodeType":866},{},[64501,64505,64513],{"data":64502,"marks":64503,"value":64504,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This was later traced back to a ",{"data":64506,"content":64508,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64507},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-spider-ttp-evolution-in-2025/",[64509],{"data":64510,"marks":64511,"value":51657,"nodeType":865},{},[64512],{"type":943},{"data":64514,"marks":64515,"value":64516,"nodeType":865},{},[]," campaign.",{"data":64518,"content":64522,"nodeType":912},{"target":64519},{"sys":64520},{"id":64521,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5o1LEkZfeYVjMZmROi3Yh",[],{"data":64524,"content":64528,"nodeType":912},{"target":64525},{"sys":64526},{"id":64527,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4RAXFNPdvUXjMDUE7tc10a",[],{"data":64530,"content":64531,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":64533,"content":64534,"nodeType":981},{},[64535],{"data":64536,"marks":64537,"value":64539,"nodeType":865},{},[64538],{"type":926},"What can an attacker do with a compromised account? ",{"data":64541,"content":64542,"nodeType":866},{},[64543],{"data":64544,"marks":64545,"value":64546,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s important to think about the bigger picture when it comes to a modern phishing compromise. ",{"data":64548,"content":64549,"nodeType":866},{},[64550],{"data":64551,"marks":64552,"value":64553,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most phishing attacks focus on core enterprise cloud platforms such as Microsoft and Google, or specialist Identity Providers like Okta. Taking over one of these accounts doesn’t just give access to the core apps and data within the respective app, but also enables the attacker to leverage SSO to sign into any connected app that the employee logs into with their account. ",{"data":64555,"content":64556,"nodeType":866},{},[64557,64561,64569,64573,64582],{"data":64558,"marks":64559,"value":64560,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This gives an attacker access to just about every core business function and dataset in your organization. And from this point, it’s much easier to target other users of these internal apps — using internal messenger apps like ",{"data":64562,"content":64563,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37161},[64564],{"data":64565,"marks":64566,"value":64568,"nodeType":865},{},[64567],{"type":943},"Slack or Teams",{"data":64570,"marks":64571,"value":64572,"nodeType":865},{},[],", or techniques like ",{"data":64574,"content":64576,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64575},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/samljacking/description.md",[64577],{"data":64578,"marks":64579,"value":64581,"nodeType":865},{},[64580],{"type":943},"SAMLjacking",{"data":64583,"marks":64584,"value":64585,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to turn an app into a watering hole for other users trying to log in. ",{"data":64587,"content":64588,"nodeType":866},{},[64589],{"data":64590,"marks":64591,"value":64592,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A single account compromise can quickly snowball into a multi-million dollar, business-wide breach.",{"data":64594,"content":64595,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":64597,"content":64598,"nodeType":981},{},[64599],{"data":64600,"marks":64601,"value":64603,"nodeType":865},{},[64602],{"type":926},"What can organizations do about non-email phishing? ",{"data":64605,"content":64606,"nodeType":866},{},[64607],{"data":64608,"marks":64609,"value":64610,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s clear that the traditional anti-phishing toolset hasn’t kept up with phishing innovation. ",{"data":64612,"content":64613,"nodeType":866},{},[64614],{"data":64615,"marks":64616,"value":64617,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To tackle modern phishing attacks, organizations need a solution that detects and blocks phishing across all apps and delivery vectors. ",{"data":64619,"content":64620,"nodeType":866},{},[64621],{"data":64622,"marks":64623,"value":64624,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security doesn’t detect the redirect tricks, or rely on outdated domain TI feeds. It doesn’t matter what delivery channel or camouflage methods are used, Push detects and blocks attacks by identifying the attack in real time, as the user loads and interacts with the page in their web browser.",{"data":64626,"content":64627,"nodeType":866},{},[64628],{"data":64629,"marks":64630,"value":64631,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, ClickFixing, malicious browser extensions, and session hijacking using stolen session 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But what does this ",{"data":65234,"marks":65235,"value":65237,"nodeType":865},{},[65236],{"type":898},"actually",{"data":65239,"marks":65240,"value":65241,"nodeType":865},{},[]," mean for security teams? ",{"data":65243,"content":65244,"nodeType":866},{},[65245],{"data":65246,"marks":65247,"value":65248,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we’re cutting out the jargon to explore what a browser-based attack is, and what’s required for effective detection and response. ",{"data":65250,"content":65251,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":65253,"content":65254,"nodeType":981},{},[65255],{"data":65256,"marks":65257,"value":65259,"nodeType":865},{},[65258],{"type":926},"What is the goal of a browser-based attack?   ",{"data":65261,"content":65262,"nodeType":866},{},[65263],{"data":65264,"marks":65265,"value":65266,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First, it’s important to establish what the point of a browser-based attack is.",{"data":65268,"content":65269,"nodeType":866},{},[65270],{"data":65271,"marks":65272,"value":65273,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In most scenarios, attackers don’t think of themselves as attacking your web browser. Their end-goal is to compromise your business apps and data. That means going after the third-party apps and services that are now the backbone of business IT — and therefore the top target for attackers. ",{"data":65275,"content":65276,"nodeType":866},{},[65277,65281,65289],{"data":65278,"marks":65279,"value":65280,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most common attack path today sees attackers log into third-party services, dump the data, and monetize it through extortion. You need only look at last year’s ",{"data":65282,"content":65284,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65283},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[65285],{"data":65286,"marks":65287,"value":16180,"nodeType":865},{},[65288],{"type":943},{"data":65290,"marks":65291,"value":65292,"nodeType":865},{},[]," customer breaches or the still-ongoing Salesforce attacks to see the impact.",{"data":65294,"content":65298,"nodeType":912},{"target":65295},{"sys":65296},{"id":65297,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5agrVXzEdwALmew2F5SPDp",[],{"data":65300,"content":65301,"nodeType":866},{},[65302],{"data":65303,"marks":65304,"value":65305,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most logical way to do this is by targeting users of those apps. And because of the changes to working practices, your users are more accessible than ever to external attackers.",{"data":65307,"content":65308,"nodeType":866},{},[65309],{"data":65310,"marks":65311,"value":65312,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once upon a time, email was the primary communication channel with the wider world, and work happened locally — on your device, and inside your locked-down network environment. This made email and the endpoint the highest priority from a security perspective. But now, with modern work happening across a network of decentralized internet apps, and more varied communication channels outside of email, it’s harder to stop users from interacting with malicious content (at least, without significantly impeding their ability to do their jobs).",{"data":65314,"content":65315,"nodeType":866},{},[65316],{"data":65317,"marks":65318,"value":65319,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Given that the browser is the place where business apps are accessed and used, it makes sense that attacks are increasingly playing out there too. ",{"data":65321,"content":65322,"nodeType":866},{},[65323],{"data":65324,"marks":65325,"value":65326,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With that covered off, let’s take a closer look at the most prevalent browser-based attack techniques being used by attackers in the wild today.",{"data":65328,"content":65329,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":65331,"content":65332,"nodeType":981},{},[65333],{"data":65334,"marks":65335,"value":65337,"nodeType":865},{},[65336],{"type":926},"The 6 key browser-based attacks that security teams need to know about",{"data":65339,"content":65340,"nodeType":866},{},[65341],{"data":65342,"marks":65343,"value":65344,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attacks that target users in their web browsers have seen an unprecedented rise in recent years. ",{"data":65346,"content":65350,"nodeType":912},{"target":65347},{"sys":65348},{"id":65349,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4ogNqZdObSIJXavHP44lom",[],{"data":65352,"content":65353,"nodeType":866},{},[65354],{"data":65355,"marks":65356,"value":65357,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here's our breakdown of the top 6 browser-based attacks that should be on every security team's radar right now. ",{"data":65359,"content":65360,"nodeType":1317},{},[65361],{"data":65362,"marks":65363,"value":65365,"nodeType":865},{},[65364],{"type":926},"1. 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Likewise, there are now hundreds of apps per enterprise to target, with varying levels of account security configuration. ",{"data":65381,"content":65385,"nodeType":912},{"target":65382},{"sys":65383},{"id":65384,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3SrKOgpedLMQRpKIZqUQur",[],{"data":65387,"content":65388,"nodeType":866},{},[65389,65393,65401],{"data":65390,"marks":65391,"value":65392,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Whereas phishing was once entirely focused on credential theft, modern phishing attacks see the attacker intercept the victim’s session on the target app, using reverse-proxy Attacker-in-the-Middle kits that are the standard choice for attackers today. This means most forms of MFA can be bypassed, with the exception of passkeys (though attackers are finding ways to work around passkeys using ",{"data":65394,"content":65396,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65395},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks/?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[65397],{"data":65398,"marks":65399,"value":47871,"nodeType":865},{},[65400],{"type":943},{"data":65402,"marks":65403,"value":31723,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":65405,"content":65409,"nodeType":912},{"target":65406},{"sys":65407},{"id":65408,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2sOFEdAwQZjWOGzNAlGavb",[],{"data":65411,"content":65412,"nodeType":866},{},[65413],{"data":65414,"marks":65415,"value":65416,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are other key differences to be aware of too. Today, phishing operates on an industrial scale, using an array of obfuscation and detection evasion techniques. The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection (e.g. CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using runtime anti-analysis features, and using legitimate SaaS and cloud services to host and deliver phishing links to cover their tracks.",{"data":65418,"content":65419,"nodeType":866},{},[65420],{"data":65421,"marks":65422,"value":45212,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":65424,"content":65425,"nodeType":866},{},[65426],{"data":65427,"marks":65428,"value":65429,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These changes make phishing more effective than ever, and increasingly difficult to detect and block without being able to observe and analyze web pages that a user interacts with in real time — something only possible with browser-level visibility. ",{"data":65431,"content":65434,"nodeType":912},{"target":65432},{"sys":65433},{"id":64269,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":65436,"content":65437,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":65439,"content":65440,"nodeType":1317},{},[65441],{"data":65442,"marks":65443,"value":65445,"nodeType":865},{},[65444],{"type":926},"2. Malicious copy and paste (aka. ClickFix, FileFix, etc.)",{"data":65447,"content":65448,"nodeType":866},{},[65449,65452,65459],{"data":65450,"marks":65451,"value":44941,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":65453,"content":65454,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44944},[65455],{"data":65456,"marks":65457,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[65458],{"type":943},{"data":65460,"marks":65461,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":65463,"content":65464,"nodeType":866},{},[65465],{"data":65466,"marks":65467,"value":65468,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Originally known as “Fake CAPTCHA”, these attacks attempt to trick users into running malicious commands on their device — typically by solving some form of verification challenge in the browser. ",{"data":65470,"content":65471,"nodeType":866},{},[65472,65476,65483,65487,65496],{"data":65473,"marks":65474,"value":65475,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In reality, by solving the challenge, the victim is actually copying malicious code from the page clipboard and running it on their device. It typically gives the victim instructions that involve clicking prompts and copying, pasting, and running commands directly in the Windows Run dialog box, Terminal, or PowerShell. Variants such as ",{"data":65477,"content":65478,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45105},[65479],{"data":65480,"marks":65481,"value":45111,"nodeType":865},{},[65482],{"type":943},{"data":65484,"marks":65485,"value":65486,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have also emerged which instead uses the File Explorer Address Bar to execute OS commands, while recent examples have seen this attack branch out to ",{"data":65488,"content":65490,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65489},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fake-mac-fixes-trick-users-into-installing-new-shamos-infostealer/",[65491],{"data":65492,"marks":65493,"value":65495,"nodeType":865},{},[65494],{"type":943},"Mac via the macOS terminal",{"data":65497,"marks":65498,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":65500,"content":65501,"nodeType":866},{},[65502],{"data":65503,"marks":65504,"value":65505,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most commonly, these attacks are used to deliver infostealer malware, using stolen session cookies and credentials to access business apps and services. ",{"data":65507,"content":65508,"nodeType":866},{},[65509],{"data":65510,"marks":65511,"value":65512,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Like modern credential and session phishing, links to malicious pages are distributed over various delivery channels and using a variety of lures, including impersonating CAPTCHA, Cloudflare Turnstile, simulating an error loading a webpage, and many more. ",{"data":65514,"content":65518,"nodeType":912},{"target":65515},{"sys":65516},{"id":65517,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6O9YiOfhpGFCDsTil9F3On",[],{"data":65520,"content":65521,"nodeType":866},{},[65522],{"data":65523,"marks":65524,"value":65525,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The variance in lure, and differences between different versions of the same lure, can make it difficult to fingerprint and detect based on visual elements alone. Also, many of the same protections being used to obfuscate and prevent analysis of phishing pages also apply to ClickFix pages, making it equally challenging to detect and block them. ",{"data":65527,"content":65528,"nodeType":866},{},[65529],{"data":65530,"marks":65531,"value":65532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This leaves most of the detection and blocking down to endpoint-layer controls around user-level code execution and malware running on a device. The quantity of ClickFix-related headlines in the news would indicate that endpoint controls are being routinely bypassed, or perhaps evaded altogether by targeting personal or BYOD devices. ",{"data":65534,"content":65535,"nodeType":866},{},[65536],{"data":65537,"marks":65538,"value":65539,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There is a significant opportunity to detect these attacks in the browser and stop them at the earliest opportunity, before they reach the endpoint. Every ClickFix attack and variant has a key action in common — malicious code is copied from the page’s clipboard. In some cases, this happens without any user interaction (where the only requirement on the user is to run code that has been silently copied behind the scenes), presenting a strong indicator of malicious behavior that can be observed in the browser. ",{"data":65541,"content":65542,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":65544,"content":65545,"nodeType":1317},{},[65546],{"data":65547,"marks":65548,"value":65550,"nodeType":865},{},[65549],{"type":926},"3. Malicious OAuth integrations",{"data":65552,"content":65553,"nodeType":866},{},[65554,65558,65564],{"data":65555,"marks":65556,"value":65557,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious OAuth integrations are another way for attackers to compromise an app by tricking a user into authorizing an integration with a malicious, attacker-controlled app, with the level of data access and functionality dictated by the scopes authorized in the request. This is also known as ",{"data":65559,"content":65560,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43655},[65561],{"data":65562,"marks":65563,"value":43661,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":65565,"marks":65566,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":65568,"content":65572,"nodeType":912},{"target":65569},{"sys":65570},{"id":65571,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5JaP4WSfFsFSbvaa9BQBOq",[],{"data":65574,"content":65575,"nodeType":866},{},[65576],{"data":65577,"marks":65578,"value":65579,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is an effective way for attackers to bypass hardened authentication and access controls by sidestepping the typical login process to take over an account and compromise business apps. This includes phishing-resistant MFA methods like passkeys — since the standard login process does not apply. ",{"data":65581,"content":65582,"nodeType":866},{},[65583],{"data":65584,"marks":65585,"value":65586,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A variant of this attack has dominated the headlines recently with the ongoing Salesforce breaches. In this scenario, the attacker tricked the victim into authorizing an attacker-controlled OAuth app via the device code authorization flow in Salesforce, which requires the user to enter an 8-digit code in place of a password or MFA factor.",{"data":65588,"content":65592,"nodeType":912},{"target":65589},{"sys":65590},{"id":65591,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3odEFcUcpKN553gHh2P5yr",[],{"data":65594,"content":65595,"nodeType":866},{},[65596],{"data":65597,"marks":65598,"value":65599,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Preventing malicious OAuth grants being authorized requires tight in-app management of user permissions and tenant security settings. This is no mean feat when considering the 100s of apps in use across the modern enterprise, many of which are not centrally managed by IT and security teams (or in some cases, are completely unknown to them). Even then, you’re limited by the controls made available by the app vendor. In this case, Salesforce has announced planned changes to OAuth app authorization in order to improve security prompted by these attacks — but many more apps with insecure configs exist for attackers to take advantage of in future. ",{"data":65601,"content":65602,"nodeType":866},{},[65603],{"data":65604,"marks":65605,"value":65606,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, unlike app-specific integrations, browser-based security tools are well positioned to observe OAuth grants across all apps accessed in the browser — even the ones the security team doesn’t manage or know about, or without needing to pay for the app’s special security add-on to get visibility.",{"data":65608,"content":65609,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":65611,"content":65612,"nodeType":1317},{},[65613],{"data":65614,"marks":65615,"value":65617,"nodeType":865},{},[65616],{"type":926},"4. Malicious browser extensions",{"data":65619,"content":65620,"nodeType":866},{},[65621],{"data":65622,"marks":65623,"value":65624,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions are another way for attackers to compromise your business apps by observing and capturing logins as they happen, and/or extracting session cookies and credentials saved in the browser cache and password manager. ",{"data":65626,"content":65627,"nodeType":866},{},[65628,65632,65641],{"data":65629,"marks":65630,"value":65631,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers do this by creating their own malicious extension and tricking your users into installing it, or taking over an existing extension to gain access to browsers where it is already installed (",{"data":65633,"content":65635,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65634},"https://secureannex.com/blog/buying-browser-extensions/",[65636],{"data":65637,"marks":65638,"value":65640,"nodeType":865},{},[65639],{"type":943},"it’s very easy for attackers to buy and add malicious updates to existing extensions",{"data":65642,"marks":65643,"value":65644,"nodeType":865},{},[],", easily passing extension web store security checks). ",{"data":65646,"content":65647,"nodeType":866},{},[65648,65652,65661,65665,65674,65677,65686],{"data":65649,"marks":65650,"value":65651,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The news around extension-based compromises has been on the rise since the ",{"data":65653,"content":65655,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65654},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-details-reveal-how-hackers-hijacked-35-google-chrome-extensions/",[65656],{"data":65657,"marks":65658,"value":65660,"nodeType":865},{},[65659],{"type":943},"Cyberhaven extension",{"data":65662,"marks":65663,"value":65664,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was hacked in December 2024, along with at least 35 other extensions. Since then, there has been regular reporting on data-stealing extensions ",{"data":65666,"content":65668,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65667},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/data-stealing-chrome-extensions-impersonate-fortinet-youtube-vpns/",[65669],{"data":65670,"marks":65671,"value":65673,"nodeType":865},{},[65672],{"type":943},"impersonating legitimate brands",{"data":65675,"marks":65676,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":65678,"content":65680,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65679},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/chrome-extensions-with-6-million-installs-have-hidden-tracking-code/",[65681],{"data":65682,"marks":65683,"value":65685,"nodeType":865},{},[65684],{"type":943},"impacting millions of users",{"data":65687,"marks":65688,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":65690,"content":65691,"nodeType":866},{},[65692],{"data":65693,"marks":65694,"value":65695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Risky browser extension permissions include broad data access, the ability to modify website content, track user activity, capture screenshots, and manage tabs or network requests. Permissions like \"read and change all data on all websites\" or access to cookies and browsing history are particularly dangerous as they can be exploited for session hijacking, data theft, malware injection, or phishing.",{"data":65697,"content":65698,"nodeType":866},{},[65699],{"data":65700,"marks":65701,"value":65702,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Generally, your employees should not be randomly installing browser extensions unless pre-approved by your security team. The reality, however, is that many organizations have very little visibility of the extensions their employees are using, and the potential risk they’re exposed to as a result. ",{"data":65704,"content":65705,"nodeType":866},{},[65706],{"data":65707,"marks":65708,"value":65709,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To tackle malicious extensions, security tools operating in the browser can track the browser extensions deployed, highlight risky permissions, compare with known-malicious extensions, identify fraudulent/unofficial versions of a legitimate extension, and highlight other risky properties commonly associated with malicious extensions (e.g. “Developer” extensions). ",{"data":65711,"content":65712,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":65714,"content":65715,"nodeType":1317},{},[65716],{"data":65717,"marks":65718,"value":65720,"nodeType":865},{},[65719],{"type":926},"5. Malicious file delivery",{"data":65722,"content":65723,"nodeType":866},{},[65724],{"data":65725,"marks":65726,"value":65727,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious files have been a core part of malware delivery and credential theft for many years. Just as non-email channels like malvertising and drive-by attacks are used to deliver phishing and ClickFix lures, malicious files are also distributed through similar means — leaving malicious file detection to basic known-bad checks, sandbox analysis using a proxy (not that useful in the context of sandbox-aware malware) or runtime analysis on the endpoint. ",{"data":65729,"content":65730,"nodeType":866},{},[65731],{"data":65732,"marks":65733,"value":65734,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This doesn’t just have to be malicious executables directly dropping malware onto the device. File downloads can also contain additional links taking the user to malicious content. In fact, one of the most common types of downloadable content are HTML Applications (HTAs), commonly used to spawn local phishing pages to stealthily capture credentials. More recently, attackers have been weaponizing SVG files for a similar purpose, running as self-contained phishing pages that render fake login portals entirely client-side. ",{"data":65736,"content":65737,"nodeType":866},{},[65738],{"data":65739,"marks":65740,"value":65741,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even if malicious content cannot always be flagged from surface-level inspection of a file, recording file downloads in the browser is a useful addition to endpoint-based malware protection, and provides another layer of defense against file downloads that perform client-side attacks, or redirect the user to malicious web-based content. ",{"data":65743,"content":65744,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":65746,"content":65747,"nodeType":1317},{},[65748],{"data":65749,"marks":65750,"value":65752,"nodeType":865},{},[65751],{"type":926},"6. Stolen credentials and MFA gaps",{"data":65754,"content":65755,"nodeType":866},{},[65756],{"data":65757,"marks":65758,"value":65759,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This last one isn’t so much a browser-based attack, but it is a product of them. When credentials are stolen through phishing or infostealer malware they can be used to take over accounts missing MFA. ",{"data":65761,"content":65762,"nodeType":866},{},[65763,65767,65774,65778,65787],{"data":65764,"marks":65765,"value":65766,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t the most sophisticated attack, but it’s very effective. You need only look at last year’s ",{"data":65768,"content":65769,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65283},[65770],{"data":65771,"marks":65772,"value":16180,"nodeType":865},{},[65773],{"type":943},{"data":65775,"marks":65776,"value":65777,"nodeType":865},{},[]," account compromises or the ",{"data":65779,"content":65781,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65780},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-targeting-jira-with-stolen-credentials?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[65782],{"data":65783,"marks":65784,"value":65786,"nodeType":865},{},[65785],{"type":943},"Jira",{"data":65788,"marks":65789,"value":65790,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks earlier this year to see how attackers harness stolen credentials at scale. ",{"data":65792,"content":65793,"nodeType":866},{},[65794,65798,65807],{"data":65795,"marks":65796,"value":65797,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With the modern enterprise using hundreds of apps, the likelihood that an app hasn’t been configured for mandatory MFA (if possible) is high. And even when an app has been configured for SSO and connected to your primary corporate identity, ",{"data":65799,"content":65801,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65800},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=sidebar",[65802],{"data":65803,"marks":65804,"value":65806,"nodeType":865},{},[65805],{"type":943},"local “ghost logins” can continue to exist",{"data":65808,"marks":65809,"value":65810,"nodeType":865},{},[],", accepting passwords with no MFA required. Just having visibility of your primary Identity Provider accounts (e.g. Google, Microsoft, Okta) and SSO-connected apps doesn't give you a full picture of your identity surface.",{"data":65812,"content":65813,"nodeType":866},{},[65814],{"data":65815,"marks":65816,"value":65817,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Logins can also be observed in the browser — in fact, it’s as close to a universal source of truth as you’re going to get about how your employees are actually logging in, which apps they’re using, and whether MFA is present, enabling security teams to find and fix vulnerable logins before they can be exploited by attackers. ",{"data":65819,"content":65820,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":65822,"content":65823,"nodeType":981},{},[65824],{"data":65825,"marks":65826,"value":46025,"nodeType":865},{},[65827],{"type":926},{"data":65829,"content":65830,"nodeType":866},{},[65831],{"data":65832,"marks":65833,"value":65834,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attacks are increasingly happening in the browser. That makes it the perfect place to detect and respond to these attacks. But right now, the browser is a blind-spot for most security teams. ",{"data":65836,"content":65837,"nodeType":866},{},[65838],{"data":65839,"marks":65840,"value":65841,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":65843,"content":65844,"nodeType":866},{},[65845,65849,65857],{"data":65846,"marks":65847,"value":65848,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and stop attacks in the browser, ",{"data":65850,"content":65852,"nodeType":889},{"uri":65851},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[65853],{"data":65854,"marks":65855,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[65856],{"type":943},{"data":65858,"marks":65859,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"6 browser-based attacks every security team should be prepared for","What security teams need to know about the browser-based attack techniques that are the leading cause of 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Source: Microsoft",{"url":66515,"width":1402,"height":66516},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2adTEIfv1YmEkXzzKA5UFC/47fd4025b72923dd0a1a16eb736e8980/image2.png",540,{"items":66518},[],{},"Detect ClickFix-style attacks in the browser",{"items":66522},[66523,66855,67512],{"__typename":1429,"sys":66524,"content":66526,"title":66841,"synopsis":66842,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":66843,"slug":66844,"tagsCollection":66845,"authorsCollection":66851},{"id":66525},"4bYO5rVy9n2OO3vtMVQeda",{"json":66527},{"data":66528,"content":66529,"nodeType":1382},{},[66530,66537,66555,66571,66578,66585,66588,66595,66602,66655,66662,66668,66671,66678,66685,66692,66699,66706,66723,66729,66736,66743,66759,66765,66772,66779,66786,66793,66800,66803,66810,66829,66835],{"data":66531,"content":66532,"nodeType":981},{},[66533],{"data":66534,"marks":66535,"value":66536,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All phishing eventually leads to the browser",{"data":66538,"content":66539,"nodeType":866},{},[66540,66544,66552],{"data":66541,"marks":66542,"value":66543,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The best attack detection methods are those that focus on ",{"data":66545,"content":66546,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5804},[66547],{"data":66548,"marks":66549,"value":66551,"nodeType":865},{},[66550],{"type":943},"detecting indicators that are difficult for attackers to change or obfuscate",{"data":66553,"marks":66554,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":66556,"content":66557,"nodeType":866},{},[66558,66562,66567],{"data":66559,"marks":66560,"value":66561,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For a credential phishing attack to succeed, the victim ",{"data":66563,"marks":66564,"value":66566,"nodeType":865},{},[66565],{"type":943},"has",{"data":66568,"marks":66569,"value":66570,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to enter their password into a webpage. There’s no two-ways about it, attackers cannot change this. ",{"data":66572,"content":66573,"nodeType":866},{},[66574],{"data":66575,"marks":66576,"value":66577,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So it stands to reason that, if you can detect this user behavior, and block them from entering their password, then you can stop phishing. ",{"data":66579,"content":66580,"nodeType":866},{},[66581],{"data":66582,"marks":66583,"value":66584,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is exactly what Push does.",{"data":66586,"content":66587,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":66589,"content":66590,"nodeType":1317},{},[66591],{"data":66592,"marks":66593,"value":66594,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most anti-phishing tools are easily bypassed",{"data":66596,"content":66597,"nodeType":866},{},[66598],{"data":66599,"marks":66600,"value":66601,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Other anti-phishing tools rely on detecting elements of the attack that attackers can change and hide, such as domains or the webpage contents. Attackers use tricks to evade these detection, like:",{"data":66603,"content":66604,"nodeType":1616},{},[66605,66615,66625,66635,66645],{"data":66606,"content":66607,"nodeType":1570},{},[66608],{"data":66609,"content":66610,"nodeType":866},{},[66611],{"data":66612,"marks":66613,"value":66614,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using Cloudflare Workers to block automatic analysis of their phishing site",{"data":66616,"content":66617,"nodeType":1570},{},[66618],{"data":66619,"content":66620,"nodeType":866},{},[66621],{"data":66622,"marks":66623,"value":66624,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hacking a Wordpress blog to get a reputable domain that passes domain checks ",{"data":66626,"content":66627,"nodeType":1570},{},[66628],{"data":66629,"content":66630,"nodeType":866},{},[66631],{"data":66632,"marks":66633,"value":66634,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using redirects and rotating the URLs delivered to the victim to bypass link analysis",{"data":66636,"content":66637,"nodeType":1570},{},[66638],{"data":66639,"content":66640,"nodeType":866},{},[66641],{"data":66642,"marks":66643,"value":66644,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Randomizing the HTML title for the web page to bypass blocklists ",{"data":66646,"content":66647,"nodeType":1570},{},[66648],{"data":66649,"content":66650,"nodeType":866},{},[66651],{"data":66652,"marks":66653,"value":66654,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One-time phishing links that only work the first time they are clicked",{"data":66656,"content":66657,"nodeType":866},{},[66658],{"data":66659,"marks":66660,"value":66661,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push is putting an end to this game of cat and mouse, by keeping it really simple; you can’t phish someone who can’t put their password into a phishing page. ",{"data":66663,"content":66667,"nodeType":912},{"target":66664},{"sys":66665},{"id":66666,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6AwOZSpqaChmeksnj4SyWE",[],{"data":66669,"content":66670,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":66672,"content":66673,"nodeType":1317},{},[66674],{"data":66675,"marks":66676,"value":66677,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Domain-binding passwords",{"data":66679,"content":66680,"nodeType":866},{},[66681],{"data":66682,"marks":66683,"value":66684,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re familiar with how passkeys are domain-bound, then think of what Push does as domain-binding passwords. We pin the password to its legitimate domain(s) and then don’t allow it to be entered into any webpage on any other domain. ",{"data":66686,"content":66687,"nodeType":866},{},[66688],{"data":66689,"marks":66690,"value":66691,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But just because you’ve stopped your users from being phished doesn’t mean you don’t want to know when attackers are attempting to phish your users and how. ",{"data":66693,"content":66694,"nodeType":866},{},[66695],{"data":66696,"marks":66697,"value":66698,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push still inspects webpages to see if attackers are rendering cloned app login pages in the browser or if known AitM and BitM toolkits are being used. This way you don’t lose visibility of the unsuccessful attacks that are targeting your users. Think of it as a handy second and third layer of defense.",{"data":66700,"content":66701,"nodeType":866},{},[66702],{"data":66703,"marks":66704,"value":66705,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Lets run through a quick before and after example:",{"data":66707,"content":66708,"nodeType":1317},{},[66709,66713,66719],{"data":66710,"marks":66711,"value":66712,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scenario 1: An attacker attempts to phish an employee that ",{"data":66714,"marks":66715,"value":66718,"nodeType":865},{},[66716,66717],{"type":943},{"type":926},"doesn’t",{"data":66720,"marks":66721,"value":66722,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have Push deployed to their browser.",{"data":66724,"content":66728,"nodeType":912},{"target":66725},{"sys":66726},{"id":66727,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2CbGMUSJsP1mNeHkmpLl6N",[],{"data":66730,"content":66731,"nodeType":866},{},[66732],{"data":66733,"marks":66734,"value":66735,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here, an attacker hacks a Wordpress blog to get a reputable domain and then runs a phishing toolkit on the webpage. They email one of your employees a link to it. Your SWG / email scanning solution inspects it in a sandbox but the phish kit detects this and redirects to a benign site so that it passes the inspection. ",{"data":66737,"content":66738,"nodeType":866},{},[66739],{"data":66740,"marks":66741,"value":66742,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Your user gets the email with the link and is now free to interact with the phishing page. They enter their credentials plus MFA code into the page and voila! The attacker steals them and is able to compromise the user’s account.  ",{"data":66744,"content":66745,"nodeType":1317},{},[66746,66750,66755],{"data":66747,"marks":66748,"value":66749,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scenario 2: An attacker attempts to phish an employee that ",{"data":66751,"marks":66752,"value":1745,"nodeType":865},{},[66753,66754],{"type":943},{"type":926},{"data":66756,"marks":66757,"value":66758,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have Push deployed to their browser. ",{"data":66760,"content":66764,"nodeType":912},{"target":66761},{"sys":66762},{"id":66763,"type":909,"linkType":910},"77smnID1woCfFJrJPyTvKY",[],{"data":66766,"content":66767,"nodeType":866},{},[66768],{"data":66769,"marks":66770,"value":66771,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This time, the attacker uses the same phishing toolkit and domain from the first example. But in reality, they don’t have to send it to your employee using email, instead, they could use LinkedIn messenger, Slack, Teams, or any application that allows employees to communicate with each other. ",{"data":66773,"content":66774,"nodeType":866},{},[66775],{"data":66776,"marks":66777,"value":66778,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Like before, the user receives the link, opens it and starts to enter their credentials into the webpage. This time though, the Push browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page.",{"data":66780,"content":66781,"nodeType":866},{},[66782],{"data":66783,"marks":66784,"value":66785,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first detection Push makes is checking that the password the user is entering matches the domain that password is pinned to. Since it doesn't match, based on this detection alone the user is automatically redirected to a blocking page. An important point to make here is that the password never leaves the user’s browser and the check is made using a shortened salted hash of the password.   ",{"data":66787,"content":66788,"nodeType":866},{},[66789],{"data":66790,"marks":66791,"value":66792,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The second detection Push makes is that the rendered web app is using a cloned app login page. The third detection is that a phishing toolkit is running in the web app code. ",{"data":66794,"content":66795,"nodeType":866},{},[66796],{"data":66797,"marks":66798,"value":66799,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this particular scenario these second and third detections serve as useful context for understanding the nature of the phishing attack. But both will still redirect to a blocking page if they are triggered in isolation of the other phishing detections. ",{"data":66801,"content":66802,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":66804,"content":66805,"nodeType":981},{},[66806],{"data":66807,"marks":66808,"value":66809,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We don’t just stop phishing attacks",{"data":66811,"content":66812,"nodeType":866},{},[66813,66817,66825],{"data":66814,"marks":66815,"value":66816,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We also detect other identity-related attack techniques used to compromise user accounts. That includes credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques, ",{"data":66818,"content":66819,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},[66820],{"data":66821,"marks":66822,"value":66824,"nodeType":865},{},[66823],{"type":943},"book some time with one of our team",{"data":66826,"marks":66827,"value":66828,"nodeType":865},{},[],".  ",{"data":66830,"content":66834,"nodeType":912},{"target":66831},{"sys":66832},{"id":66833,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2JSmYDaiAciOx7Z1MRuJlA",[],{"data":66836,"content":66837,"nodeType":866},{},[66838],{"data":66839,"marks":66840,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting and blocking phishing attacks in the browser","How Push detects and blocks phishing attempts in the browser – explained in less than two minutes. ","2024-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser",{"items":66846},[66847,66849],{"sys":66848,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":66850,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":66852},[66853],{"fullName":4614,"firstName":4615,"jobTitle":4616,"profilePicture":66854},{"url":4618},{"__typename":1429,"sys":66856,"content":66857,"title":51819,"synopsis":67500,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":67501,"slug":51820,"tagsCollection":67502,"authorsCollection":67508},{"id":51372},{"json":66858},{"data":66859,"content":66860,"nodeType":1382},{},[66861,66867,66870,66877,66900,66931,66941,66959,66966,66972,66979,66994,67001,67004,67011,67018,67037,67044,67090,67097,67103,67109,67116,67149,67163,67166,67173,67180,67187,67194,67201,67208,67215,67323,67329,67344,67351,67366,67399,67414,67421,67436,67442,67449,67456,67462,67469,67475,67482],{"data":66862,"content":66866,"nodeType":912},{"target":66863},{"sys":66864},{"id":66865,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1hUpsNwuhEXwSPijvRflTq",[],{"data":66868,"content":66869,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":66871,"content":66872,"nodeType":866},{},[66873],{"data":66874,"marks":66875,"value":66876,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are two things every security operations engineer can agree on:",{"data":66878,"content":66879,"nodeType":1616},{},[66880,66890],{"data":66881,"content":66882,"nodeType":1570},{},[66883],{"data":66884,"content":66885,"nodeType":866},{},[66886],{"data":66887,"marks":66888,"value":66889,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get MFA on every account on every app.",{"data":66891,"content":66892,"nodeType":1570},{},[66893],{"data":66894,"content":66895,"nodeType":866},{},[66896],{"data":66897,"marks":66898,"value":66899,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is stupidly harder to achieve than it seems.",{"data":66901,"content":66902,"nodeType":866},{},[66903,66907,66915,66919,66927],{"data":66904,"marks":66905,"value":66906,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The penalties for failing to solve this hard simple problem are abundantly clear. Stolen credentials accounted for roughly half of the initial access methods observed this year across 30,000+ attacks, according to Verizon’s 2024 ",{"data":66908,"content":66909,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1063},[66910],{"data":66911,"marks":66912,"value":66914,"nodeType":865},{},[66913],{"type":943},"Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":66916,"marks":66917,"value":66918,"nodeType":865},{},[],". And ",{"data":66920,"content":66922,"nodeType":889},{"uri":66921},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/2024-identity-breaches/",[66923],{"data":66924,"marks":66925,"value":66926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"in a review of 30 publicly disclosed breaches involving identity attacks",{"data":66928,"marks":66929,"value":66930,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in 2024, we found that 73% (almost three-quarters) were the result of compromised credentials, with the rest the result of phishing. ",{"data":66932,"content":66933,"nodeType":6348},{},[66934],{"data":66935,"content":66936,"nodeType":866},{},[66937],{"data":66938,"marks":66939,"value":66940,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Three-quarters of publicly disclosed breaches involving identity attacks in 2024 involved compromised credentials and missing MFA.",{"data":66942,"content":66943,"nodeType":866},{},[66944,66948,66955],{"data":66945,"marks":66946,"value":66947,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the case of the ",{"data":66949,"content":66950,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[66951],{"data":66952,"marks":66953,"value":15982,"nodeType":865},{},[66954],{"type":943},{"data":66956,"marks":66957,"value":66958,"nodeType":865},{},[]," earlier this year, a lack of MFA meant the difference between an enormous and murky firefight to clean up accounts breached with legitimate credentials, and a decent night’s sleep. The result was hundreds of millions of breached customer records, nine publicly named victims, and at least one ransom paid.",{"data":66960,"content":66961,"nodeType":866},{},[66962],{"data":66963,"marks":66964,"value":66965,"nodeType":865},{},[],"“Do you know how many accounts we have on this third-party service, who owns them, how many tenants, whether those creds are shared elsewhere, and their security posture?” is not a fun question to answer on a Friday. ",{"data":66967,"content":66971,"nodeType":912},{"target":66968},{"sys":66969},{"id":66970,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6hg6PLXWMZaEDnGekHEzmD",[],{"data":66973,"content":66974,"nodeType":866},{},[66975],{"data":66976,"marks":66977,"value":66978,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For SecOps teams we’ve helped here at Push that responded to incidents affecting third-party apps (like Snowflake), the first item on the recovery plan is to finally solve that hard simple problem: No more MFA gaps.",{"data":66980,"content":66981,"nodeType":866},{},[66982,66986,66990],{"data":66983,"marks":66984,"value":66985,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With our latest feature release, ",{"data":66987,"marks":66988,"value":38934,"nodeType":865},{},[66989],{"type":926},{"data":66991,"marks":66992,"value":66993,"nodeType":865},{},[],", this is so much easier. With MFA enforcement, Push administrators can configure a control to prompt employees to enroll in MFA whenever Push detects that they’re not registered — even on apps that don’t natively provide any administrative enforcement option for MFA. This capability is made possible by the Push browser extension, which uses in-browser messaging and simple workflows to guide users right where they work.",{"data":66995,"content":66996,"nodeType":866},{},[66997],{"data":66998,"marks":66999,"value":67000,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we’ll cover how Push helps you identify and close MFA gaps, how our new enforcement feature is one part of that solution, and how you can test the platform yourself.",{"data":67002,"content":67003,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":67005,"content":67006,"nodeType":981},{},[67007],{"data":67008,"marks":67009,"value":67010,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shining a light on MFA gaps",{"data":67012,"content":67013,"nodeType":866},{},[67014],{"data":67015,"marks":67016,"value":67017,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There’s no question that the rise of ubiquitous multi-factor authentication has been an enormous advance for defenders in cybersecurity. ",{"data":67019,"content":67020,"nodeType":866},{},[67021,67025,67034],{"data":67022,"marks":67023,"value":67024,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Yet several years into this journey, the problem of verifying and enforcing MFA coverage across an organization remains a bit of a ",{"data":67026,"content":67028,"nodeType":889},{"uri":67027},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzle_box",[67029],{"data":67030,"marks":67031,"value":67033,"nodeType":865},{},[67032],{"type":943},"puzzle box",{"data":67035,"marks":67036,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":67038,"content":67039,"nodeType":866},{},[67040],{"data":67041,"marks":67042,"value":67043,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Why is this?",{"data":67045,"content":67046,"nodeType":1616},{},[67047,67057,67067],{"data":67048,"content":67049,"nodeType":1570},{},[67050],{"data":67051,"content":67052,"nodeType":866},{},[67053],{"data":67054,"marks":67055,"value":67056,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Complex overlapping (and occasionally contradictory) configurations for enterprise MFA solutions can result in entire employee groups not registered for MFA, and other critical missing pieces.",{"data":67058,"content":67059,"nodeType":1570},{},[67060],{"data":67061,"content":67062,"nodeType":866},{},[67063],{"data":67064,"marks":67065,"value":67066,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With a sprawling ecosystem of both SSO-managed and unmanaged self-adopted SaaS, MFA coverage ends up looking more like a patchwork than a unified layer of protection. Security teams lack visibility of freemium and self-purchased apps, and when signup is simple, many users will naturally skip MFA registration to remove a layer of friction. The end result is often a suite of core apps managed via SSO that enforce MFA — and a lot of other unmanaged apps that don’t (true nightmare fodder).",{"data":67068,"content":67069,"nodeType":1570},{},[67070],{"data":67071,"content":67072,"nodeType":866},{},[67073,67077,67086],{"data":67074,"marks":67075,"value":67076,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another annoying piece of the puzzle box: Even in organizations with a high adoption rate of phishing-resistant MFA methods, having backup MFA methods (and a lack of total visibility into all of those registered methods) can create situations where ",{"data":67078,"content":67080,"nodeType":889},{"uri":67079},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_downgrade/description.md",[67081],{"data":67082,"marks":67083,"value":67085,"nodeType":865},{},[67084],{"type":943},"MFA downgrade attacks",{"data":67087,"marks":67088,"value":67089,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are still possible. In MFA downgrade attacks, backup MFA methods that are less secure such as SMS or TOTP can be exploited, effectively bypassing more phishing-resistant methods.",{"data":67091,"content":67092,"nodeType":866},{},[67093],{"data":67094,"marks":67095,"value":67096,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The challenges of solving this puzzle are evident. ",{"data":67098,"content":67102,"nodeType":912},{"target":67099},{"sys":67100},{"id":67101,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2BBiFx8pHjSCeLTlP6n6da",[],{"data":67104,"content":67108,"nodeType":912},{"target":67105},{"sys":67106},{"id":67107,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2QnWVpPYRyJQaQ5TuKSSLp",[],{"data":67110,"content":67111,"nodeType":866},{},[67112],{"data":67113,"marks":67114,"value":67115,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To shine a light on MFA gaps, then, security teams need three things:",{"data":67117,"content":67118,"nodeType":1616},{},[67119,67129,67139],{"data":67120,"content":67121,"nodeType":1570},{},[67122],{"data":67123,"content":67124,"nodeType":866},{},[67125],{"data":67126,"marks":67127,"value":67128,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A full accounting of their identity attack surface, including accounts on unmanaged and freemium apps not on SSO.",{"data":67130,"content":67131,"nodeType":1570},{},[67132],{"data":67133,"content":67134,"nodeType":866},{},[67135],{"data":67136,"marks":67137,"value":67138,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A trustworthy out-of-band method for verifying MFA coverage, beyond the tangle of conditional access rules.",{"data":67140,"content":67141,"nodeType":1570},{},[67142],{"data":67143,"content":67144,"nodeType":866},{},[67145],{"data":67146,"marks":67147,"value":67148,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Visibility into which MFA methods are registered to a given account.",{"data":67150,"content":67151,"nodeType":866},{},[67152,67156,67160],{"data":67153,"marks":67154,"value":67155,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can get all three with the Push platform. The missing piece we’ve now added is a way to automatically prompt employees to add MFA wherever it’s missing. Enter ",{"data":67157,"marks":67158,"value":38934,"nodeType":865},{},[67159],{"type":926},{"data":67161,"marks":67162,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":67164,"content":67165,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":67167,"content":67168,"nodeType":981},{},[67169],{"data":67170,"marks":67171,"value":67172,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How Push helps you ensure MFA coverage",{"data":67174,"content":67175,"nodeType":866},{},[67176],{"data":67177,"marks":67178,"value":67179,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a look at a hypothetical incident response scenario to see how Push’s identity visibility and security controls help you ensure MFA coverage.",{"data":67181,"content":67182,"nodeType":866},{},[67183],{"data":67184,"marks":67185,"value":67186,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ll assume that prior to this incident, you had already deployed the Push browser extension, which you can install and enforce using any MDM solution, on all major browsers.",{"data":67188,"content":67189,"nodeType":866},{},[67190],{"data":67191,"marks":67192,"value":67193,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s a Friday afternoon (sorry).",{"data":67195,"content":67196,"nodeType":866},{},[67197],{"data":67198,"marks":67199,"value":67200,"nodeType":865},{},[],"News breaks that there’s been a suspected breach at a popular enterprise SaaS service.",{"data":67202,"content":67203,"nodeType":866},{},[67204],{"data":67205,"marks":67206,"value":67207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You’re familiar with the service, but you don’t believe it’s a core managed app at your organization. Unfortunately, that does not mean you don’t have accounts (sorry again).",{"data":67209,"content":67210,"nodeType":866},{},[67211],{"data":67212,"marks":67213,"value":67214,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using Push, you can:",{"data":67216,"content":67217,"nodeType":1616},{},[67218,67237,67247,67274,67301],{"data":67219,"content":67220,"nodeType":1570},{},[67221],{"data":67222,"content":67223,"nodeType":866},{},[67224,67228,67233],{"data":67225,"marks":67226,"value":67227,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Immediately check whether the Push extension has observed employee usage of the breached app. It will appear on the ",{"data":67229,"marks":67230,"value":67232,"nodeType":865},{},[67231],{"type":926},"Apps",{"data":67234,"marks":67235,"value":67236,"nodeType":865},{},[]," table. From this overview, you can see how many accounts Push has seen on that app and how they are accessing it (SSO vs. other methods, such as local password login).",{"data":67238,"content":67239,"nodeType":1570},{},[67240],{"data":67241,"content":67242,"nodeType":866},{},[67243],{"data":67244,"marks":67245,"value":67246,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For those accounts on the breached app, you can quickly see whether they have MFA, and which methods are registered. To determine MFA status, the Push extension uses the existing user’s active session on an app to query that account’s MFA registration status using the app’s own API, providing a trustworthy verification. ",{"data":67248,"content":67249,"nodeType":1570},{},[67250],{"data":67251,"content":67252,"nodeType":866},{},[67253,67257,67262,67266,67271],{"data":67254,"marks":67255,"value":67256,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also see whether the users’ passwords have any security issues, such as a verified stolen credential, or a password that’s weak or reused by filtering the ",{"data":67258,"marks":67259,"value":67261,"nodeType":865},{},[67260],{"type":926},"Accounts",{"data":67263,"marks":67264,"value":67265,"nodeType":865},{},[]," list for ",{"data":67267,"marks":67268,"value":67270,"nodeType":865},{},[67269],{"type":926},"Findings",{"data":67272,"marks":67273,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":67275,"content":67276,"nodeType":1570},{},[67277],{"data":67278,"content":67279,"nodeType":866},{},[67280,67284,67288,67292,67297],{"data":67281,"marks":67282,"value":67283,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For accounts that lack MFA, you can then configure the ",{"data":67285,"marks":67286,"value":38934,"nodeType":865},{},[67287],{"type":926},{"data":67289,"marks":67290,"value":67291,"nodeType":865},{},[]," control from the ",{"data":67293,"marks":67294,"value":67296,"nodeType":865},{},[67295],{"type":926},"Controls",{"data":67298,"marks":67299,"value":67300,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page. This will prompt employees who lack MFA to set it up whenever they next use the app. In parallel, you can reach out to affected employees through your preferred comms channel and ask them to immediately register for MFA and change their password on the app. ",{"data":67302,"content":67303,"nodeType":1570},{},[67304],{"data":67305,"content":67306,"nodeType":866},{},[67307,67311,67320],{"data":67308,"marks":67309,"value":67310,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Then use Push’s webhooks to monitor for MFA registrations and password changes to roll in, by querying the ",{"data":67312,"content":67314,"nodeType":889},{"uri":67313},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/webhooks-v1#operation/login-event",[67315],{"data":67316,"marks":67317,"value":67319,"nodeType":865},{},[67318],{"type":943},"Login event",{"data":67321,"marks":67322,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":67324,"content":67328,"nodeType":912},{"target":67325},{"sys":67326},{"id":67327,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4OVJU6FRSVU9j1WB9NGyJ4",[],{"data":67330,"content":67331,"nodeType":866},{},[67332,67336,67340],{"data":67333,"marks":67334,"value":67335,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By combining visibility of your workforce identities — including granular context on their MFA registration status, MFA methods, and password security, even on unmanaged apps — with in-browser controls like ",{"data":67337,"marks":67338,"value":38934,"nodeType":865},{},[67339],{"type":926},{"data":67341,"marks":67342,"value":67343,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Push helps security teams respond quickly and with assurance that they have the right information and tools to remediate the issue.",{"data":67345,"content":67346,"nodeType":981},{},[67347],{"data":67348,"marks":67349,"value":67350,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A closer look at MFA enforcement",{"data":67352,"content":67353,"nodeType":866},{},[67354,67358,67362],{"data":67355,"marks":67356,"value":67357,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With the in-browser ",{"data":67359,"marks":67360,"value":38934,"nodeType":865},{},[67361],{"type":926},{"data":67363,"marks":67364,"value":67365,"nodeType":865},{},[]," control, we chose this approach to close the loop on missing MFA issues because:",{"data":67367,"content":67368,"nodeType":1616},{},[67369,67379,67389],{"data":67370,"content":67371,"nodeType":1570},{},[67372],{"data":67373,"content":67374,"nodeType":866},{},[67375],{"data":67376,"marks":67377,"value":67378,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It meets users where they are, in the most relevant context where they can successfully address the issue.",{"data":67380,"content":67381,"nodeType":1570},{},[67382],{"data":67383,"content":67384,"nodeType":866},{},[67385],{"data":67386,"marks":67387,"value":67388,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It solves the problem of enforcing MFA on apps that are outside of administrative control — or that don’t provide any administrative controls to enforce MFA registration natively.",{"data":67390,"content":67391,"nodeType":1570},{},[67392],{"data":67393,"content":67394,"nodeType":866},{},[67395],{"data":67396,"marks":67397,"value":67398,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s tenant-agnostic. That means that you can enforce MFA for a given app on all tenants of that app, even those free-tier or test tenants that you don’t know about and have no control over.",{"data":67400,"content":67401,"nodeType":866},{},[67402,67406,67410],{"data":67403,"marks":67404,"value":67405,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a happy side effect, your compliance team will thank you for finally allowing them to attest to where MFA is ",{"data":67407,"marks":67408,"value":65237,"nodeType":865},{},[67409],{"type":898},{"data":67411,"marks":67412,"value":67413,"nodeType":865},{},[]," enforced — with verified results, visible at the account level in Push’s admin reporting — across your environment.",{"data":67415,"content":67416,"nodeType":866},{},[67417],{"data":67418,"marks":67419,"value":67420,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here’s a closer look at how it works:",{"data":67422,"content":67423,"nodeType":866},{},[67424,67428,67432],{"data":67425,"marks":67426,"value":67427,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To enable MFA enforcement, use the configuration tile on the ",{"data":67429,"marks":67430,"value":67296,"nodeType":865},{},[67431],{"type":926},{"data":67433,"marks":67434,"value":67435,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page of the Push admin console and select which apps should require MFA registration. The control currently works with ~90 high-value apps, including Postman, Retool, Datadog, Atlassian, Okta, and others.",{"data":67437,"content":67441,"nodeType":912},{"target":67438},{"sys":67439},{"id":67440,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2sDbYZL4oJDxLMbYErJfIN",[],{"data":67443,"content":67444,"nodeType":866},{},[67445],{"data":67446,"marks":67447,"value":67448,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can then customize the message the employees will see.",{"data":67450,"content":67451,"nodeType":866},{},[67452],{"data":67453,"marks":67454,"value":67455,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the end-user side, employees will see a banner with your message as soon as they use an app where they lack MFA. ",{"data":67457,"content":67461,"nodeType":912},{"target":67458},{"sys":67459},{"id":67460,"type":909,"linkType":910},"37aH1maXXkF8DxgjUod5dn",[],{"data":67463,"content":67464,"nodeType":866},{},[67465],{"data":67466,"marks":67467,"value":67468,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To complete MFA registration, the user can go directly to the app’s MFA registration page from a link in the banner (Push provides this link automatically, where one exists). The extension will query the user’s MFA status regularly in the background and when MFA registration is completed, the banner will disappear and the Push platform will clear the “No MFA” security finding for that account.",{"data":67470,"content":67474,"nodeType":912},{"target":67471},{"sys":67472},{"id":67473,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3yb4KjhH3AbvvSnfMbNONr",[],{"data":67476,"content":67477,"nodeType":981},{},[67478],{"data":67479,"marks":67480,"value":67481,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Find out more",{"data":67483,"content":67484,"nodeType":866},{},[67485,67489,67496],{"data":67486,"marks":67487,"value":67488,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To test our MFA visibility and control features, ",{"data":67490,"content":67491,"nodeType":889},{"uri":11316},[67492],{"data":67493,"marks":67494,"value":67495,"nodeType":865},{},[],"request a demo",{"data":67497,"marks":67498,"value":67499,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from our team. We look forward to helping you finally turn the challenge of MFA coverage into a simple problem, easily solved.","Using Push to enforce MFA on third-party apps in the browser — even where MFA enforcement isn't supported by the app itself.","2025-01-16T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":67503},[67504,67506],{"sys":67505,"name":297},{"id":2310},{"sys":67507,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":67509},[67510],{"fullName":4680,"firstName":4681,"jobTitle":4616,"profilePicture":67511},{"url":4683},{"__typename":1429,"sys":67513,"content":67515,"title":67999,"synopsis":68000,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":68001,"slug":68002,"tagsCollection":68003,"authorsCollection":68009},{"id":67514},"6jYmU1ROpwI41mmzk7ioKd",{"json":67516},{"data":67517,"content":67518,"nodeType":1382},{},[67519,67526,67533,67536,67543,67577,67589,67614,67621,67624,67631,67638,67645,67651,67658,67687,67693,67700,67720,67726,67733,67739,67742,67749,67785,67792,67835,67842,67848,67855,67862,67865,67872,67879,67886,67906,67912,67919,67926,67933,67939,67946,67952,67955,67961,67968,67975],{"data":67520,"content":67521,"nodeType":866},{},[67522],{"data":67523,"marks":67524,"value":67525,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After more than two decades in cybersecurity, I’ve witnessed the evolution (and at times, devolution) of detection and response capabilities. I’ve sat in countless SOCs watching analysts drown in a sea of alerts, spent hours chasing false positives, and seen talented security professionals burn out from the relentless noise of low-fidelity detection systems. ",{"data":67527,"content":67528,"nodeType":866},{},[67529],{"data":67530,"marks":67531,"value":67532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s a problem that’s reached crisis proportions, and it’s exactly why our approach to browser security represents not just a technological shift, but a philosophical one.",{"data":67534,"content":67535,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":67537,"content":67538,"nodeType":981},{},[67539],{"data":67540,"marks":67541,"value":67542,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The alert fatigue epidemic",{"data":67544,"content":67545,"nodeType":866},{},[67546,67550,67555,67559,67564,67568,67573],{"data":67547,"marks":67548,"value":67549,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Early in my career, getting ",{"data":67551,"marks":67552,"value":67554,"nodeType":865},{},[67553],{"type":898},"any",{"data":67556,"marks":67557,"value":67558,"nodeType":865},{},[]," alert felt like a victory. We were flying blind outside of our small windows of network traffic. But as the industry matured, something troubling happened: we began equating ",{"data":67560,"marks":67561,"value":67563,"nodeType":865},{},[67562],{"type":926},"volume",{"data":67565,"marks":67566,"value":67567,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with ",{"data":67569,"marks":67570,"value":67572,"nodeType":865},{},[67571],{"type":926},"value",{"data":67574,"marks":67575,"value":67576,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Vendors started competing on how many alerts they could generate, how much data they could collect, and how comprehensive their “visibility” could be. ",{"data":67578,"content":67579,"nodeType":866},{},[67580,67584],{"data":67581,"marks":67582,"value":67583,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security teams followed suit with operational metrics that captured how many alerts they’d resolved, how many “attacks” they’d stopped, and how many tickets they’d opened and closed in a given work cycle. But as many teams have now realized, ",{"data":67585,"marks":67586,"value":67588,"nodeType":865},{},[67587],{"type":926},"volume is a vanity metric; fidelity is what keeps you safe.",{"data":67590,"content":67591,"nodeType":866},{},[67592,67596,67605,67609],{"data":67593,"marks":67594,"value":67595,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In my course on ",{"data":67597,"content":67599,"nodeType":889},{"uri":67598},"https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-courses/building-leading-security-operations-centers",[67600],{"data":67601,"marks":67602,"value":67604,"nodeType":865},{},[67603],{"type":943},"Building and Leading Security Operations teams",{"data":67606,"marks":67607,"value":67608,"nodeType":865},{},[],", we discuss the importance of analytic outcomes and addressing ineffective alerts to continuously improve fidelity. My students often find it hard to believe how much time and effort it takes to audit alert quality and implement continuous improvements on a large scale. This isn’t just an operational problem — it’s an existential threat to effective security. ",{"data":67610,"marks":67611,"value":67613,"nodeType":865},{},[67612],{"type":926},"When everything is an alert, nothing is. ",{"data":67615,"content":67616,"nodeType":866},{},[67617],{"data":67618,"marks":67619,"value":67620,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And while we have been busy focusing on more (and occasionally, better) detections at the endpoint and network layers, attackers have shifted to infrastructure that isn’t as well-instrumented: SaaS and the browser.",{"data":67622,"content":67623,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":67625,"content":67626,"nodeType":981},{},[67627],{"data":67628,"marks":67629,"value":67630,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser: a new frontier in detection and response",{"data":67632,"content":67633,"nodeType":866},{},[67634],{"data":67635,"marks":67636,"value":67637,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Today, the browser is the place where most cyber attacks happen. It’s where users interact with the applications that your business runs on, handle sensitive data, and unfortunately, where they encounter sophisticated phishing campaigns, credential harvesting attacks, and malicious downloads. ",{"data":67639,"content":67640,"nodeType":866},{},[67641],{"data":67642,"marks":67643,"value":67644,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Yet for most security teams, the browser remains a black box, obscured from the view from the network and the endpoint. Even worse, attack models often applied to detection engineering for endpoint or network-centric threats don’t really apply; modern identity attacks skip entire phases of the attack chain, eliminating many detection opportunities along the way. The modern attack path doesn’t need to touch the endpoint or your network at all — it can happen entirely over the internet. ",{"data":67646,"content":67650,"nodeType":912},{"target":67647},{"sys":67648},{"id":67649,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4wYYgbKmmVAZTF7niXJEGc",[],{"data":67652,"content":67653,"nodeType":1317},{},[67654],{"data":67655,"marks":67656,"value":67657,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are exploiting the detection gap",{"data":67659,"content":67660,"nodeType":866},{},[67661,67665,67672,67676,67683],{"data":67662,"marks":67663,"value":67664,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You only need to look at in-the-wild breaches such as last year’s ",{"data":67666,"content":67667,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[67668],{"data":67669,"marks":67670,"value":16180,"nodeType":865},{},[67671],{"type":943},{"data":67673,"marks":67674,"value":67675,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks, or the recent ",{"data":67677,"content":67678,"nodeType":889},{"uri":17984},[67679],{"data":67680,"marks":67681,"value":16168,"nodeType":865},{},[67682],{"type":943},{"data":67684,"marks":67685,"value":67686,"nodeType":865},{},[]," breaches to see the impact that attackers can have by executing attacks entirely over the internet, without touching traditional network devices or user endpoints. ",{"data":67688,"content":67692,"nodeType":912},{"target":67689},{"sys":67690},{"id":67691,"type":909,"linkType":910},"VfTps3SGKJDlhFcmh42d9",[],{"data":67694,"content":67695,"nodeType":866},{},[67696],{"data":67697,"marks":67698,"value":67699,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But even in the context of more “conventional” attacks (e.g. the classic route of compromising an endpoint, moving laterally through an environment, taking control of a domain, and deploying ransomware), most of the time, these attacks begin in the browser with identities and cloud apps rather than exploit-driven initial access — such as with the recent attacks on Marks & Spencer, Co-op, and Jaguar Land Rover. ",{"data":67701,"content":67702,"nodeType":866},{},[67703,67707,67716],{"data":67704,"marks":67705,"value":67706,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While the ",{"data":67708,"content":67710,"nodeType":889},{"uri":67709},"https://cloud.google.com/security/resources/insights/targeted-attack-lifecycle",[67711],{"data":67712,"marks":67713,"value":67715,"nodeType":865},{},[67714],{"type":943},"attack cycle",{"data":67717,"marks":67718,"value":67719,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and similar mental models are valuable for planning in-depth detections of sophisticated, multi-stage attacks, focusing too heavily on them can lead to overlooked scenarios. These high-profile incidents have demonstrated the opportunity cost of neglecting visibility into attacks that don't perfectly align with these models. ",{"data":67721,"content":67725,"nodeType":912},{"target":67722},{"sys":67723},{"id":67724,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3TsKtoWuxQMFl1xd3w1j86",[],{"data":67727,"content":67728,"nodeType":866},{},[67729],{"data":67730,"marks":67731,"value":67732,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Just as endpoint detection and response revolutionized host-based security by providing visibility and control directly at the point of attack, browser-based security platforms can do the same for web-borne threats. It’s an important addition to the detection and response stack that illuminates a “missing middle” in modern attack investigations, and intervenes in real time, much like traditional EDR did for the endpoint years ago.",{"data":67734,"content":67738,"nodeType":912},{"target":67735},{"sys":67736},{"id":67737,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1eCXGC6U6SdzHmOH1gv24O",[],{"data":67740,"content":67741,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":67743,"content":67744,"nodeType":981},{},[67745],{"data":67746,"marks":67747,"value":67748,"nodeType":865},{},[],"High-fidelity detection: quality over quantity",{"data":67750,"content":67751,"nodeType":866},{},[67752,67756,67763,67767,67772,67776,67781],{"data":67753,"marks":67754,"value":67755,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our ",{"data":67757,"content":67758,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5804},[67759],{"data":67760,"marks":67761,"value":67762,"nodeType":865},{},[],"design philosophy",{"data":67764,"marks":67765,"value":67766,"nodeType":865},{},[]," centers on a principle often overlooked in the security industry: prioritizing actionable problems for security teams. This involves differentiating between \"",{"data":67768,"marks":67769,"value":67771,"nodeType":865},{},[67770],{"type":926},"events",{"data":67773,"marks":67774,"value":67775,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\" – environment data that may or may not be useful – and \"",{"data":67777,"marks":67778,"value":67780,"nodeType":865},{},[67779],{"type":926},"detections",{"data":67782,"marks":67783,"value":67784,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\" – high-fidelity, actionable signals with a negligible false positive rate. We also empower our customers with the ability to intervene in real-time when there are high-confidence indicators of an attack. We focus on detecting not atomic indicators, but on attacker tooling and behaviors.",{"data":67786,"content":67787,"nodeType":866},{},[67788],{"data":67789,"marks":67790,"value":67791,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Compare this to traditional approaches that might generate alerts for:",{"data":67793,"content":67794,"nodeType":1616},{},[67795,67805,67815,67825],{"data":67796,"content":67797,"nodeType":1570},{},[67798],{"data":67799,"content":67800,"nodeType":866},{},[67801],{"data":67802,"marks":67803,"value":67804,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Visiting domains with low reputation scores (but not necessarily malicious)",{"data":67806,"content":67807,"nodeType":1570},{},[67808],{"data":67809,"content":67810,"nodeType":866},{},[67811],{"data":67812,"marks":67813,"value":67814,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Downloading files that match certain heuristics (but may be legitimate)",{"data":67816,"content":67817,"nodeType":1570},{},[67818],{"data":67819,"content":67820,"nodeType":866},{},[67821],{"data":67822,"marks":67823,"value":67824,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Accessing new web applications (that may be approved, or tacitly allowed, shadow IT)",{"data":67826,"content":67827,"nodeType":1570},{},[67828],{"data":67829,"content":67830,"nodeType":866},{},[67831],{"data":67832,"marks":67833,"value":67834,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employee usernames, passwords, and email addresses for sale on the dark web (which may no longer be valid)",{"data":67836,"content":67837,"nodeType":866},{},[67838],{"data":67839,"marks":67840,"value":67841,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These low-fidelity alerts create work without providing solutions. They force analysts to become investigators rather than responders, spending precious time determining whether an alert represents a genuine threat rather than focusing on mitigation and recovery. ",{"data":67843,"content":67847,"nodeType":912},{"target":67844},{"sys":67845},{"id":67846,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4MydcqvHnWsziCOPUNC3YS",[],{"data":67849,"content":67850,"nodeType":866},{},[67851],{"data":67852,"marks":67853,"value":67854,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Poor quality detections also present an easy opportunity for security teams to commit a cardinal sin: disrupting users and business processes without a clear justification for doing so. User trust and support should always be treated as a finite resource, and every account locked, website blocked, and laptop reimaged chips away at that resource. ",{"data":67856,"content":67857,"nodeType":866},{},[67858],{"data":67859,"marks":67860,"value":67861,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Likewise, the more disruptive, the more likely users will look for ways around said controls. If your users are actively working against you, and feel you are preventing them from doing their jobs, they’ll always find new and unexpected ways around security blocks. ",{"data":67863,"content":67864,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":67866,"content":67867,"nodeType":981},{},[67868],{"data":67869,"marks":67870,"value":67871,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The SOC analyst's perspective",{"data":67873,"content":67874,"nodeType":866},{},[67875],{"data":67876,"marks":67877,"value":67878,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most successful SOC analysts share a common trait: they’re extraordinarily good at quickly distinguishing signal from noise. But this skill shouldn’t be required! It’s a failure of our detection systems that we’re forcing human analysts to perform pattern matching that our technology should handle. ",{"data":67880,"content":67881,"nodeType":866},{},[67882],{"data":67883,"marks":67884,"value":67885,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But even for the most skilled analyst, it’s a tall order to ask your security team to also be experts in every cloud app your business relies on, making it even harder than normal to build context-driven alerts. Most of the time, the information required simply doesn't exist, with logs simply not available (generally, or at your product tier) or the work required to extract the logs and turn them into context-driven alerts hasn’t happened yet. If your team is under-resourced and drowning in low-fidelity alerts already, then realistically it might never happen. ",{"data":67887,"content":67888,"nodeType":866},{},[67889,67893,67902],{"data":67890,"marks":67891,"value":67892,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Effective browser security changes this dynamic. Instead of presenting analysts with hundreds of “suspicious web activity” alerts that require investigation, ",{"data":67894,"content":67896,"nodeType":889},{"uri":67895},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/",[67897],{"data":67898,"marks":67899,"value":67901,"nodeType":865},{},[67900],{"type":943},"our platform focuses on high-reliability indicators",{"data":67903,"marks":67904,"value":67905,"nodeType":865},{},[]," like whether a phishing kit was observed running on the page, or whether the page was cloned from a legitimate site. We even detect user behaviors that could indicate a risk in the context of a phishing attack, like when a user attempts to authenticate with credentials that have been previously used on another page — either a sign of credential reuse (bad) or a phishing attack (even worse) — at which point Push can be set to block the attack in real time. ",{"data":67907,"content":67911,"nodeType":912},{"target":67908},{"sys":67909},{"id":67910,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3998Iy2kp9MW0HFeqmo900",[],{"data":67913,"content":67914,"nodeType":1317},{},[67915],{"data":67916,"marks":67917,"value":67918,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser security provides a new layer of protection, reducing the risk of breach",{"data":67920,"content":67921,"nodeType":866},{},[67922],{"data":67923,"marks":67924,"value":67925,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attack detection has always been a cat-and-mouse game. For years, attackers have grappled with endpoint and network security vendors. And sometimes, the attackers win. The fact is that a lot of attacker innovation has gone into sandbox aware malware, breaking detection signatures, disabling security tools, and so on.    ",{"data":67927,"content":67928,"nodeType":866},{},[67929],{"data":67930,"marks":67931,"value":67932,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But with so many attacks now passing through the browser, defending it enables badness to be filtered out before it reaches the endpoint or network controls that attackers are looking to consciously evade. 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With modern email security tools conducting various stages of analysis, such as analysing the URL, attempting to inspect the page in a web sandbox, and analyzing the written content of an email for possible malicious intent, it can be easier for attackers to simply bypass email altogether. ",{"data":69279,"content":69280,"nodeType":866},{},[69281],{"data":69282,"marks":69283,"value":69284,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With modern work communications now happening over several platforms, sites like LinkedIn where users can be directly messaged by people outside the organization, but are often accessed from work devices, are a prime target. ",{"data":69286,"content":69287,"nodeType":1317},{},[69288],{"data":69289,"marks":69290,"value":69292,"nodeType":865},{},[69291],{"type":926},"Using legitimate, trusted sites to host links",{"data":69294,"content":69295,"nodeType":866},{},[69296,69300,69308],{"data":69297,"marks":69298,"value":69299,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are increasingly ",{"data":69301,"content":69302,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64407},[69303],{"data":69304,"marks":69305,"value":69307,"nodeType":865},{},[69306],{"type":943},"using legitimate sites to host their phishing links",{"data":69309,"marks":69310,"value":69311,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and perform redirections. 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By obfuscating the initial URL delivered to victims, and both masking and rotating the phishing URLs, it is much harder for organizations to blocklist known-bad sites effectively.",{"data":69367,"content":69370,"nodeType":912},{"target":69368},{"sys":69369},{"id":48282,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":69372,"content":69373,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":69375,"content":69376,"nodeType":981},{},[69377],{"data":69378,"marks":69379,"value":69381,"nodeType":865},{},[69380],{"type":926},"Indicators of Compromise",{"data":69383,"content":69384,"nodeType":866},{},[69385],{"data":69386,"marks":69387,"value":69388,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Static IoCs are of limited value in this case due to the use of disposable pages designed to be used once and then rotated. In this case, the page hosting the malicious AITM kit has now been flagged by Google after being reported. This makes blocking specific malicious subdomains hosted on otherwise legitimate sites difficult. However, we have observed a consistent pattern in the attacks identified by Push:",{"data":69390,"content":69391,"nodeType":1616},{},[69392,69402,69412,69422],{"data":69393,"content":69394,"nodeType":1570},{},[69395],{"data":69396,"content":69397,"nodeType":866},{},[69398],{"data":69399,"marks":69400,"value":69401,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing lure delivered over LinkedIn",{"data":69403,"content":69404,"nodeType":1570},{},[69405],{"data":69406,"content":69407,"nodeType":866},{},[69408],{"data":69409,"marks":69410,"value":69411,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Link to sites.google.com page (e.g. sites.google.com/view/\u003CINVESTMENTCOMPANY>-ai/home)",{"data":69413,"content":69414,"nodeType":1570},{},[69415],{"data":69416,"content":69417,"nodeType":866},{},[69418],{"data":69419,"marks":69420,"value":69421,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Link to Microsoft Dynamics page (e.g. [assets-usa.mkt].dynamics.com/...)",{"data":69423,"content":69424,"nodeType":1570},{},[69425],{"data":69426,"content":69427,"nodeType":866},{},[69428],{"data":69429,"marks":69430,"value":69431,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Link to (*).sa.com phishing page",{"data":69433,"content":69434,"nodeType":866},{},[69435],{"data":69436,"marks":69437,"value":69438,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Given the targeted nature of the attack, we recommend hunting for executive-level users accessing some combination of these URLs (and variants) in a short timespan.",{"data":69440,"content":69441,"nodeType":866},{},[69442],{"data":69443,"marks":69444,"value":69445,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We also recommend informing your executive team about the rise in LinkedIn phishing attacks and the specific nature of the investment opportunity lure.",{"data":69447,"content":69448,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":69450,"content":69451,"nodeType":981},{},[69452],{"data":69453,"marks":69454,"value":7083,"nodeType":865},{},[69455],{"type":926},{"data":69457,"content":69458,"nodeType":866},{},[69459],{"data":69460,"marks":69461,"value":69462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There aren’t many more valuable accounts than those belonging to your company executives. Compromising a Google Workspace account doesn’t just give the attacker access to the Workspace tenant, emails, chat, etc. — it also grants access to any accounts on downstream apps configured for SSO. The blast radius of such a compromise is pretty widespread, giving plenty of scope for further exploitation for an attacker with a clear idea of what they want to achieve. ",{"data":69464,"content":69465,"nodeType":866},{},[69466,69470,69479,69482,69491,69495,69503],{"data":69467,"marks":69468,"value":69469,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In short, stopping this attack at the earliest opportunity was a significant benefit. Even if the attack had been later stopped following the compromise and the stolen account reset, unpicking the web of potentially compromised downstream accounts that may have been accessed and backdoored by the attacker (such as by configuring stealthy persistence mechanisms like ",{"data":69471,"content":69473,"nodeType":889},{"uri":69472},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/evil_twin_integrations/description.md",[69474],{"data":69475,"marks":69476,"value":69478,"nodeType":865},{},[69477],{"type":943},"evil twin integrations",{"data":69480,"marks":69481,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":69483,"content":69485,"nodeType":889},{"uri":69484},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_keys/description.md",[69486],{"data":69487,"marks":69488,"value":69490,"nodeType":865},{},[69489],{"type":943},"API keys",{"data":69492,"marks":69493,"value":69494,"nodeType":865},{},[]," or other ",{"data":69496,"content":69497,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37262},[69498],{"data":69499,"marks":69500,"value":69502,"nodeType":865},{},[69501],{"type":943},"ghost login",{"data":69504,"marks":69505,"value":69506,"nodeType":865},{},[]," methods) presents a sizable overhead for the security team.     ",{"data":69508,"content":69509,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":69511,"content":69512,"nodeType":981},{},[69513],{"data":69514,"marks":69515,"value":2270,"nodeType":865},{},[69516],{"type":926},{"data":69518,"content":69519,"nodeType":866},{},[69520],{"data":69521,"marks":69522,"value":69523,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Two key features played a part in this detection, which you can read more about below:",{"data":69525,"content":69526,"nodeType":1616},{},[69527,69547],{"data":69528,"content":69529,"nodeType":1570},{},[69530],{"data":69531,"content":69532,"nodeType":866},{},[69533,69536,69544],{"data":69534,"marks":69535,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":69537,"content":69538,"nodeType":889},{"uri":67895},[69539],{"data":69540,"marks":69541,"value":69543,"nodeType":865},{},[69542],{"type":943},"Phishing attack detection",{"data":69545,"marks":69546,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":69548,"content":69549,"nodeType":1570},{},[69550],{"data":69551,"content":69552,"nodeType":866},{},[69553,69556,69565],{"data":69554,"marks":69555,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":69557,"content":69559,"nodeType":889},{"uri":69558},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-push-detections/",[69560],{"data":69561,"marks":69562,"value":69564,"nodeType":865},{},[69563],{"type":943},"Push detection and response capabilities inc. timeline visibility ",{"data":69566,"marks":69567,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":69569,"content":69570,"nodeType":866},{},[69571,69575,69580,69584,69591],{"data":69572,"marks":69573,"value":69574,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push doesn’t detect the redirect tricks or rely on outdated domain TI feeds. The reason we detect these attacks (which make it through all the other layers of phishing protection) is that ",{"data":69576,"marks":69577,"value":69579,"nodeType":865},{},[69578],{"type":926},"Push sees what your users see",{"data":69581,"marks":69582,"value":69583,"nodeType":865},{},[],". It doesn’t matter what ",{"data":69585,"content":69586,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[69587],{"data":69588,"marks":69589,"value":49401,"nodeType":865},{},[69590],{"type":943},{"data":69592,"marks":69593,"value":69594,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Push detects and blocks attacks by identifying the attack in real time, as the user loads the page in their web browser.",{"data":69596,"content":69597,"nodeType":866},{},[69598],{"data":69599,"marks":69600,"value":69601,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t all we do: Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":69603,"content":69604,"nodeType":866},{},[69605,69608,69615],{"data":69606,"marks":69607,"value":65848,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":69609,"content":69610,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},[69611],{"data":69612,"marks":69613,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[69614],{"type":943},{"data":69616,"marks":69617,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How Push saved a company exec from a sophisticated Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing attack delivered via a LinkedIn direct 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are increasingly sending phishing links over non-email delivery channels like social media, instant messaging apps, and malicious search engine ads. In this article, we explore why phishing attacks are moving away from exclusively email-based delivery, and what this means for security teams. ",{"id":64105,"publishedAt":70152},"2026-08-12T11:53:47.767Z",{"items":70154},[70155,70157],{"sys":70156,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":70158,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":70160},[70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189],{"sys":70162,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":70164,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":70166,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":70168,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":70170,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":70172,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":70174,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":70176,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":70178,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":70180,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45},{"id":560},{"sys":70182,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":70184,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":70186,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":70188,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":70190,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},"fbpSzWbg3UO8kZAw1BoRcf-UuQx5faRvyNk3RZcKfUQ",{"id":70193,"title":70194,"authorsCollection":70195,"content":70200,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":71026,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":71028,"metaTitle":71029,"ogImage":59,"postType":1424,"publishedDate":71030,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":71031,"slug":72945,"stem":72946,"subtitle":59,"summary":72947,"synopsis":72957,"sys":72958,"tagsCollection":72961,"topicsCollection":72967,"__hash__":73019},"blog/blog/how-the-browser-became-the-main-cyber-battleground.json","How the browser became the main cyber battleground",{"items":70196},[70197],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"socialLinks":70198,"profilePicture":70199},[8120],{"url":6570},{"json":70201,"links":70973},{"data":70202,"content":70203,"nodeType":1382},{},[70204,70211,70244,70251,70257,70264,70296,70303,70309,70312,70320,70327,70334,70391,70409,70421,70428,70434,70437,70445,70461,70467,70474,70480,70487,70523,70529,70532,70540,70547,70554,70676,70682,70713,70720,70723,70731,70738,70745,70786,70814,70821,70897,70903,70906,70913,70920,70940,70943,70950,70957],{"data":70205,"content":70206,"nodeType":866},{},[70207],{"data":70208,"marks":70209,"value":70210,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Until recently, the cyber attacker methodology behind the biggest breaches of the last decade or so has been pretty consistent:",{"data":70212,"content":70213,"nodeType":1616},{},[70214,70224,70234],{"data":70215,"content":70216,"nodeType":1570},{},[70217],{"data":70218,"content":70219,"nodeType":866},{},[70220],{"data":70221,"marks":70222,"value":70223,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Compromise an endpoint via software exploit, or social engineering a user to run malware on their device; ",{"data":70225,"content":70226,"nodeType":1570},{},[70227],{"data":70228,"content":70229,"nodeType":866},{},[70230],{"data":70231,"marks":70232,"value":70233,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Find ways to move laterally inside the network and compromise privileged identities;",{"data":70235,"content":70236,"nodeType":1570},{},[70237],{"data":70238,"content":70239,"nodeType":866},{},[70240],{"data":70241,"marks":70242,"value":70243,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Repeat as needed until you can execute your desired attack — usually stealing data from file shares, deploying ransomware, or both. ",{"data":70245,"content":70246,"nodeType":866},{},[70247],{"data":70248,"marks":70249,"value":70250,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But attacks have fundamentally changed as networks have evolved. With the SaaS-ification of enterprise IT, core business systems aren’t locally deployed and centrally managed in the way they used to be. Instead, they’re logged into over the internet, via a web browser.",{"data":70252,"content":70256,"nodeType":912},{"target":70253},{"sys":70254},{"id":70255,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4h4hUYAghbZavOwjRTnBe2",[],{"data":70258,"content":70259,"nodeType":866},{},[70260],{"data":70261,"marks":70262,"value":70263,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Under the shared responsibility model, the part that’s left to the business consuming a SaaS service is mostly constrained to how they manage identities — the vehicle by which the app is accessed and used by the workforce. It’s no surprise that this has become the soft underbelly in the crosshairs of attackers. ",{"data":70265,"content":70266,"nodeType":866},{},[70267,70271,70279,70283,70292],{"data":70268,"marks":70269,"value":70270,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve seen this time and again in the biggest breaches of recent years, with the highlights including the massive ",{"data":70272,"content":70273,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[70274],{"data":70275,"marks":70276,"value":70278,"nodeType":865},{},[70277],{"type":943},"Snowflake campaign in 2024",{"data":70280,"marks":70281,"value":70282,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and the ",{"data":70284,"content":70286,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70285},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/key-takeaways-from-the-scattered-spider-attacks-on-insurance-firms/",[70287],{"data":70288,"marks":70289,"value":70291,"nodeType":865},{},[70290],{"type":943},"2025 crime wave attributed to Scattered Spider",{"data":70293,"marks":70294,"value":70295,"nodeType":865},{},[],".   ",{"data":70297,"content":70298,"nodeType":866},{},[70299],{"data":70300,"marks":70301,"value":70302,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These attacks are so successful because while attackers have moved with the changes to enterprise IT, security hasn’t really kept up. ",{"data":70304,"content":70308,"nodeType":912},{"target":70305},{"sys":70306},{"id":70307,"type":909,"linkType":910},"xH0ZqgKQXCRRZGYVs6xt6",[],{"data":70310,"content":70311,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":70313,"content":70314,"nodeType":981},{},[70315],{"data":70316,"marks":70317,"value":70319,"nodeType":865},{},[70318],{"type":926},"The browser is the new battleground — and a security blind spot",{"data":70321,"content":70322,"nodeType":866},{},[70323],{"data":70324,"marks":70325,"value":70326,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Taking over workforce identities is the first objective for attackers looking to target an organization, and the browser is the place where the attacks against users happen. This is because it’s where these digital identities are created and used — and their credentials and sessions live. This is what the attacker wants to get their hands on. ",{"data":70328,"content":70329,"nodeType":866},{},[70330],{"data":70331,"marks":70332,"value":70333,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen credentials can be used as part of targeted attacks or in broader credential stuffing (cycling known username and credential pairs against various apps and platforms), while stolen session tokens can be used to log in directly to an active session, bypassing the authentication process. ",{"data":70335,"content":70336,"nodeType":866},{},[70337,70341,70346,70349,70354,70357,70362,70365,70370,70373,70378,70382,70387],{"data":70338,"marks":70339,"value":70340,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are a few different techniques that attackers can use to get access to these identities. Attackers harvest stolen credentials from various places — ",{"data":70342,"marks":70343,"value":70345,"nodeType":865},{},[70344],{"type":926},"data breach dumps",{"data":70347,"marks":70348,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70350,"marks":70351,"value":70353,"nodeType":865},{},[70352],{"type":926},"mass",{"data":70355,"marks":70356,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70358,"marks":70359,"value":70361,"nodeType":865},{},[70360],{"type":926},"credential",{"data":70363,"marks":70364,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70366,"marks":70367,"value":70369,"nodeType":865},{},[70368],{"type":926},"phishing campaigns,",{"data":70371,"marks":70372,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70374,"marks":70375,"value":70377,"nodeType":865},{},[70376],{"type":926},"infostealer logs",{"data":70379,"marks":70380,"value":70381,"nodeType":865},{},[],", even ",{"data":70383,"marks":70384,"value":70386,"nodeType":865},{},[70385],{"type":926},"malicious browser extensions",{"data":70388,"marks":70389,"value":70390,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that they’ve tricked an employee into installing. In fact, the cyber crime ecosystem itself has shifted on its axis to cater to this, with hackers specifically taking on the role of harvesting credentials and establishing account access for others to exploit. ",{"data":70392,"content":70393,"nodeType":866},{},[70394,70398,70405],{"data":70395,"marks":70396,"value":70397,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The high-profile ",{"data":70399,"content":70400,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[70401],{"data":70402,"marks":70403,"value":16180,"nodeType":865},{},[70404],{"type":943},{"data":70406,"marks":70407,"value":70408,"nodeType":865},{},[]," breaches in 2024 signalled a watershed moment in the shift to identity-driven breaches, where attackers logged into accounts across hundreds of customer tenants using stolen credentials. One of the primary sources of the stolen credentials used in the attacks were infostealer logs dating back to 2020 — breached passwords that hadn’t been rotated or mitigated with MFA. ",{"data":70410,"content":70411,"nodeType":866},{},[70412,70416],{"data":70413,"marks":70414,"value":70415,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are notable because they’re an endpoint malware attack designed to harvest credentials and session tokens (often from the browser) to enable the attacker to then log into those services… through their own web browser. ",{"data":70417,"marks":70418,"value":70420,"nodeType":865},{},[70419],{"type":926},"So, even today’s endpoint attacks are seeing the attacker pivot back into the browser in order to get to identities — the key to the online apps and services where exploitable data and functionality now resides. ",{"data":70422,"content":70423,"nodeType":866},{},[70424],{"data":70425,"marks":70426,"value":70427,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The problem here is that this is a blind spot for the security tools we’re currently reliant upon — which don’t have the fine-grained visibility required. This is very similar to the challenge that the industry faced prior to the introduction of EDR in the 2010s — the main sources of data are looking from the outside-in, lacking the process-level visibility and context to be able to detect and stop attacks as they happen.",{"data":70429,"content":70433,"nodeType":912},{"target":70430},{"sys":70431},{"id":70432,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2qoMH6qCNJc7it7sTuKl4F",[],{"data":70435,"content":70436,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":70438,"content":70439,"nodeType":981},{},[70440],{"data":70441,"marks":70442,"value":70444,"nodeType":865},{},[70443],{"type":926},"Identity is the prize, browser is the platform — and phishing is the weapon of choice",{"data":70446,"content":70447,"nodeType":866},{},[70448,70452,70457],{"data":70449,"marks":70450,"value":70451,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the technique that’s STILL driving the most impactful identity-driven breaches? ",{"data":70453,"marks":70454,"value":70456,"nodeType":865},{},[70455],{"type":926},"It’s phishing",{"data":70458,"marks":70459,"value":70460,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Phishing for credentials, sessions, OAuth consent, authorization codes. Phishing via email, instant messenger, social media, malicious Google ads… it all happens in, or leads to, the browser. ",{"data":70462,"content":70466,"nodeType":912},{"target":70463},{"sys":70464},{"id":70465,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6Gsd3G0sOibNxgVLimb2wV",[],{"data":70468,"content":70469,"nodeType":866},{},[70470],{"data":70471,"marks":70472,"value":70473,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And modern phishing attacks are more effective than ever. Today, phishing operates on an industrial scale, using an array of obfuscation and detection evasion techniques to block email and network security tools from intercepting them. Probably the most common example today is the use of bot protection (think CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using legitimate anti-spam features to block security tools. ",{"data":70475,"content":70479,"nodeType":912},{"target":70476},{"sys":70477},{"id":70478,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6M1My4lSKItu6Qdv4hO1RA",[],{"data":70481,"content":70482,"nodeType":866},{},[70483],{"data":70484,"marks":70485,"value":70486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom CAPTCHA, and using runtime anti-analysis features, making them increasingly difficult to detect. The ways in which links are delivered has also increased in sophistication, with more delivery channels (as we showed above) and the use of legitimate SaaS services for camouflage. ",{"data":70488,"content":70489,"nodeType":866},{},[70490,70494,70499,70503,70508,70512,70520],{"data":70491,"marks":70492,"value":70493,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And the latest trends indicate that attackers are responding to increasingly hardened IdP/SSO configuration by exploiting alternative phishing techniques that ",{"data":70495,"marks":70496,"value":70498,"nodeType":865},{},[70497],{"type":926},"circumvent MFA and passkeys",{"data":70500,"marks":70501,"value":70502,"nodeType":865},{},[],", most commonly by ",{"data":70504,"marks":70505,"value":70507,"nodeType":865},{},[70506],{"type":926},"downgrading to a phishable backup authentication method",{"data":70509,"marks":70510,"value":70511,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — which you can see in action below, and ",{"data":70513,"content":70514,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60029},[70515],{"data":70516,"marks":70517,"value":70519,"nodeType":865},{},[70518],{"type":943},"read more about here",{"data":70521,"marks":70522,"value":66828,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70524,"content":70528,"nodeType":912},{"target":70525},{"sys":70526},{"id":70527,"type":909,"linkType":910},"54I3YQ2gK26a8FIocQ3WYT",[],{"data":70530,"content":70531,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":70533,"content":70534,"nodeType":981},{},[70535],{"data":70536,"marks":70537,"value":70539,"nodeType":865},{},[70538],{"type":926},"Identities are the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to aim for",{"data":70541,"content":70542,"nodeType":866},{},[70543],{"data":70544,"marks":70545,"value":70546,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The goal of the modern attacker, and the easiest way into your business’s digital environment, is to compromise identities. Whether you’re dealing with phishing attacks, malicious browser extensions, or infostealer malware, the objective remains the same — account takeover. ",{"data":70548,"content":70549,"nodeType":866},{},[70550],{"data":70551,"marks":70552,"value":70553,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations are dealing with a vast and vulnerable attack surface consisting of:",{"data":70555,"content":70556,"nodeType":1616},{},[70557,70578,70599,70619],{"data":70558,"content":70559,"nodeType":1570},{},[70560],{"data":70561,"content":70562,"nodeType":866},{},[70563,70566,70574],{"data":70564,"marks":70565,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70567,"content":70568,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25244},[70569],{"data":70570,"marks":70571,"value":70573,"nodeType":865},{},[70572],{"type":943},"Hundreds of applications, with thousands of accounts",{"data":70575,"marks":70576,"value":70577,"nodeType":865},{},[]," spread across the app estate.",{"data":70579,"content":70580,"nodeType":1570},{},[70581],{"data":70582,"content":70583,"nodeType":866},{},[70584,70588,70596],{"data":70585,"marks":70586,"value":70587,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Accounts vulnerable to MFA-bypass phishing kits, because they are using a login method that is not phishing-resistant, or because ",{"data":70589,"content":70590,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60029},[70591],{"data":70592,"marks":70593,"value":70595,"nodeType":865},{},[70594],{"type":943},"the login method can be downgraded",{"data":70597,"marks":70598,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70600,"content":70601,"nodeType":1570},{},[70602],{"data":70603,"content":70604,"nodeType":866},{},[70605,70609,70616],{"data":70606,"marks":70607,"value":70608,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Accounts with a weak, reused, or breached password and no MFA altogether (usually the result of a forgotten-about ",{"data":70610,"content":70611,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37262},[70612],{"data":70613,"marks":70614,"value":69502,"nodeType":865},{},[70615],{"type":943},{"data":70617,"marks":70618,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70620,"content":70621,"nodeType":1570},{},[70622],{"data":70623,"content":70624,"nodeType":866},{},[70625,70629,70637,70640,70649,70653,70660,70663,70672],{"data":70626,"marks":70627,"value":70628,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Bypassing the authentication process entirely to evade otherwise phishing-resistant authentication methods, by abusing features like ",{"data":70630,"content":70631,"nodeType":889},{"uri":69484},[70632],{"data":70633,"marks":70634,"value":70636,"nodeType":865},{},[70635],{"type":943},"API key creation",{"data":70638,"marks":70639,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70641,"content":70643,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70642},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/app_specific_password_phishing/description.md",[70644],{"data":70645,"marks":70646,"value":70648,"nodeType":865},{},[70647],{"type":943},"app-specific passwords",{"data":70650,"marks":70651,"value":70652,"nodeType":865},{},[],", OAuth ",{"data":70654,"content":70655,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43655},[70656],{"data":70657,"marks":70658,"value":43661,"nodeType":865},{},[70659],{"type":943},{"data":70661,"marks":70662,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70664,"content":70666,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70665},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/cross-idp_impersonation/description.md",[70667],{"data":70668,"marks":70669,"value":70671,"nodeType":865},{},[70670],{"type":943},"cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":70673,"marks":70674,"value":70675,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and more.  ",{"data":70677,"content":70681,"nodeType":912},{"target":70678},{"sys":70679},{"id":70680,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3WFzina1t5j6bDlTlGQA0l",[],{"data":70683,"content":70684,"nodeType":866},{},[70685,70689,70698,70702,70709],{"data":70686,"marks":70687,"value":70688,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A key driver of identity vulnerability is the ",{"data":70690,"content":70692,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70691},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/minimum-viable-identity-security/",[70693],{"data":70694,"marks":70695,"value":70697,"nodeType":865},{},[70696],{"type":943},"huge variance in the configurability of accounts per application",{"data":70699,"marks":70700,"value":70701,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with different levels of centralized visibility and security control of identities provided — for example, while one app can be locked down to only accept SSO logins via SAML and automatically remove any unused passwords, another provides no control or visibility of login method or MFA status (another big driver of the ",{"data":70703,"content":70704,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[70705],{"data":70706,"marks":70707,"value":16180,"nodeType":865},{},[70708],{"type":943},{"data":70710,"marks":70711,"value":70712,"nodeType":865},{},[]," breaches last year). Unfortunately, as a by-product of product-led growth and something that is compounded by every new SaaS startup that hits the market, this situation doesn’t look like it’s going to change anytime soon. ",{"data":70714,"content":70715,"nodeType":866},{},[70716],{"data":70717,"marks":70718,"value":70719,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The end result is that identities are misconfigured, invisible to the security team, and routinely exploited by commodity attacker tooling. It’s no surprise that they’re the primary target for attackers today. ",{"data":70721,"content":70722,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":70724,"content":70725,"nodeType":981},{},[70726],{"data":70727,"marks":70728,"value":70730,"nodeType":865},{},[70729],{"type":926},"The solution: The browser as a telemetry source and control point",{"data":70732,"content":70733,"nodeType":866},{},[70734],{"data":70735,"marks":70736,"value":70737,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because identity attacks play out in the browser, it’s the perfect place for security teams to observe, intercept, and shut down these attacks. ",{"data":70739,"content":70740,"nodeType":866},{},[70741],{"data":70742,"marks":70743,"value":70744,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser has a number of advantages over the different places where identity can be observed and protected, because:",{"data":70746,"content":70747,"nodeType":1616},{},[70748,70758,70768],{"data":70749,"content":70750,"nodeType":1570},{},[70751],{"data":70752,"content":70753,"nodeType":866},{},[70754],{"data":70755,"marks":70756,"value":70757,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You aren’t limited to the apps and identities directly connected to your IdP (a fraction of your workforce identity sprawl). ",{"data":70759,"content":70760,"nodeType":1570},{},[70761],{"data":70762,"content":70763,"nodeType":866},{},[70764],{"data":70765,"marks":70766,"value":70767,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You aren’t limited to the apps that you know about and manage centrally — you can observe every login that passes through the browser.",{"data":70769,"content":70770,"nodeType":1570},{},[70771],{"data":70772,"content":70773,"nodeType":866},{},[70774,70778,70782],{"data":70775,"marks":70776,"value":70777,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can observe all the properties of a login, including the login method, MFA method, etc. You’d otherwise need API access to ",{"data":70779,"marks":70780,"value":64253,"nodeType":865},{},[70781],{"type":898},{"data":70783,"marks":70784,"value":70785,"nodeType":865},{},[]," get this information (depending on whether an API is provided and whether this specific data can be interrogated, also not standard for many apps). ",{"data":70787,"content":70788,"nodeType":866},{},[70789,70793,70798,70802,70810],{"data":70790,"marks":70791,"value":70792,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s obvious with all that we’ve covered so far that fixing every identity vulnerability is an ominous task — the SaaS ecosystem itself is working against you. ",{"data":70794,"marks":70795,"value":70797,"nodeType":865},{},[70796],{"type":926},"This is why detecting and responding to identity attacks is essential. ",{"data":70799,"marks":70800,"value":70801,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because identity compromise almost always involves phishing or social engineering a user to perform an action in their browser (with some exceptions — like the ",{"data":70803,"content":70804,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37461},[70805],{"data":70806,"marks":70807,"value":70809,"nodeType":865},{},[70808],{"type":943},"Scattered Spider-related help desk attacks",{"data":70811,"marks":70812,"value":70813,"nodeType":865},{},[]," seen recently), it’s also the perfect place to monitor for and intercept attacks. ",{"data":70815,"content":70816,"nodeType":866},{},[70817],{"data":70818,"marks":70819,"value":70820,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the browser, you gather deep, contextualized information about page behavior and user inputs that can be used to detect and shut down risky scenarios in real time. Take the example of phishing pages. Because Push operates in the browser, it sees everything:",{"data":70822,"content":70823,"nodeType":1616},{},[70824,70834,70844,70854,70877,70887],{"data":70825,"content":70826,"nodeType":1570},{},[70827],{"data":70828,"content":70829,"nodeType":866},{},[70830],{"data":70831,"marks":70832,"value":70833,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The page layout.",{"data":70835,"content":70836,"nodeType":1570},{},[70837],{"data":70838,"content":70839,"nodeType":866},{},[70840],{"data":70841,"marks":70842,"value":70843,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where the user came from (through the whole redirect chain).",{"data":70845,"content":70846,"nodeType":1570},{},[70847],{"data":70848,"content":70849,"nodeType":866},{},[70850],{"data":70851,"marks":70852,"value":70853,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Page interaction events — e.g. tabs opened and closed, popup windows, forms submitted, etc.",{"data":70855,"content":70856,"nodeType":1570},{},[70857],{"data":70858,"content":70859,"nodeType":866},{},[70860,70864,70873],{"data":70861,"marks":70862,"value":70863,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The password they enter ",{"data":70865,"content":70867,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70866},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10043/#how-push-securely-analyzes-passwords",[70868],{"data":70869,"marks":70870,"value":70872,"nodeType":865},{},[70871],{"type":943},"(as a salted, abbreviated hash)",{"data":70874,"marks":70875,"value":70876,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and whether a password was typed or copied, and where from.",{"data":70878,"content":70879,"nodeType":1570},{},[70880],{"data":70881,"content":70882,"nodeType":866},{},[70883],{"data":70884,"marks":70885,"value":70886,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What scripts are running on the page and whether they are potentially malicious.",{"data":70888,"content":70889,"nodeType":1570},{},[70890],{"data":70891,"content":70892,"nodeType":866},{},[70893],{"data":70894,"marks":70895,"value":70896,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where credentials are being sent.",{"data":70898,"content":70902,"nodeType":912},{"target":70899},{"sys":70900},{"id":70901,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6kQejVS63FQ6Oy8nIm6UlV",[],{"data":70904,"content":70905,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":70907,"content":70908,"nodeType":981},{},[70909],{"data":70910,"marks":70911,"value":46025,"nodeType":865},{},[70912],{"type":926},{"data":70914,"content":70915,"nodeType":866},{},[70916],{"data":70917,"marks":70918,"value":70919,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity attacks are the biggest unsolved problem facing security teams today and the leading cause of security breaches. At the same time, the browser presents security teams with all the tools they need to prevent, detect, and respond to identity-based attacks — proactively by finding and fixing identity vulnerabilities, and reactively by detecting and blocking attacks against users in real time. ",{"data":70921,"content":70922,"nodeType":866},{},[70923,70927,70936],{"data":70924,"marks":70925,"value":70926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations need to move past the old ways of doing identity security — relying on MFA attestations, identity management dashboards, and ",{"data":70928,"content":70930,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70929},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/three-reasons-why-browser-is-best-for-stopping-phishing-attacks/",[70931],{"data":70932,"marks":70933,"value":70935,"nodeType":865},{},[70934],{"type":943},"legacy email and network anti-phishing tools",{"data":70937,"marks":70938,"value":70939,"nodeType":865},{},[],". And there’s no better place to stop these attacks than in the browser. ",{"data":70941,"content":70942,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":70944,"content":70945,"nodeType":981},{},[70946],{"data":70947,"marks":70948,"value":67481,"nodeType":865},{},[70949],{"type":926},{"data":70951,"content":70952,"nodeType":866},{},[70953],{"data":70954,"marks":70955,"value":70956,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks identity attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more.",{"data":70958,"content":70959,"nodeType":866},{},[70960,70963,70970],{"data":70961,"marks":70962,"value":65848,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":70964,"content":70965,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[70966],{"data":70967,"marks":70968,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[70969],{"type":943},{"data":70971,"marks":70972,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":70974},{"hyperlink":70975,"inline":70976,"block":70977},[],[],[70978,70985,70989,70995,71000,71008,71012,71020],{"sys":70979,"__typename":1390,"title":70980,"caption":70980,"layoutMode":59,"file":70981},{"id":70255},"Attacks have shifted from targeting local networks to SaaS services, accessed through employee web browsers.",{"url":70982,"width":70983,"height":70984},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/SadRsmdnNZofhrKddH01D/1ba16316bdfa666b2bc387d5b694e515/image2.png",1506,574,{"sys":70986,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":70987,"buttonLabel":70988,"buttonColour":66510,"buttonUrl":68567},{"id":70307},"Read how the transformation of business IT has shaped the evolution of phishing attacks in our latest whitepaper.","Download Now",{"sys":70990,"__typename":1390,"title":70991,"caption":70991,"layoutMode":59,"file":70992},{"id":70432},"EDR solved endpoint attacks by getting deep visibility into OS-level processes and activity — we now face a similar visibility problem in the browser. ",{"url":70993,"width":1402,"height":70994},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2KuUuYKf2Q9TlIJ9fkOI82/9a52cae72564e69d3cfe8b3b613eb950/image5.png",632,{"sys":70996,"__typename":1390,"title":70997,"caption":70997,"layoutMode":59,"file":70998},{"id":70465},"Phishing is now multi- and cross-channel, targeting a vast range of cloud and SaaS apps using flexible AitM toolkits — but all roads inevitably lead to the browser.",{"url":70999,"width":1402,"height":68555},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4p8sf1x8PfWF06ndwTsdf9/136ed45c7912459a70dbb53b62cf5a90/image6.png",{"sys":71001,"__typename":1390,"title":71002,"caption":71003,"layoutMode":59,"file":71004},{"id":70478},"Cloudflare Turnstile is a simple way for attackers to block automated analysis of their phishing kits — it should probably come with a trigger warning for incident responders.","Cloudflare Turnstile is a simple way for security teams to prevent automated analysis — it should probably come with a trigger warning for incident responders.",{"url":71005,"width":71006,"height":71007},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6gGDHL1jECCm4j02gZZlYe/92e4362eea9fb712aeb64bdd7fb19d59/image3.png",1262,464,{"sys":71009,"__typename":5778,"title":71010,"arcadeDemoUrl":71011,"playText":5781},{"id":70527},"MFA Downgrade Demo","https://demo.arcade.software/1MzRfFaRCD2pYPhIXkvi?embed",{"sys":71013,"__typename":1390,"title":71014,"caption":71015,"layoutMode":59,"file":71016},{"id":70680},"Infographic showing the identity vulnerability spread for a 1,000 seat organization","A 1,000 user organization has over 15,000 accounts with various configurations and associated vulnerabilities.",{"url":71017,"width":71018,"height":71019},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/266iLQBVsJIQEx6dnUEVrZ/eb5b1be79b7b29365baf299053fddf42/Infographic.png",5480,3012,{"sys":71021,"__typename":1390,"title":71022,"caption":71022,"layoutMode":59,"file":71023},{"id":70901},"Being in the browser gives you unrivalled visibility of phishing page activity and user behavior.",{"url":71024,"width":71025,"height":28265},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/42mmDkjfXn0uOkTyvFLNqG/0385dadcb0731bea1de1ca5ae6ee7c18/image1.png",1560,{"items":71027},[],{},"Why the browser is now the main cyber attack surface","2025-08-15T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":71032},[71033,72031,72387],{"__typename":1429,"sys":71034,"content":71035,"title":51791,"synopsis":72019,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":72020,"slug":51792,"tagsCollection":72021,"authorsCollection":72027},{"id":51013},{"json":71036},{"data":71037,"content":71038,"nodeType":1382},{},[71039,71046,71058,71070,71082,71094,71100,71119,71126,71142,71149,71155,71158,71166,71173,71180,71187,71193,71196,71204,71211,71231,71238,71245,71252,71259,71265,71272,71279,71286,71314,71321,71339,71346,71353,71373,71393,71413,71419,71426,71442,71449,71456,71463,71482,71490,71497,71504,71507,71515,71522,71529,71536,71579,71585,71592,71607,71696,71702,71709,71716,71779,71786,71793,71800,71806,71813,71820,71827,71833,71840,71847,71854,71860,71879,71886,71893,71936,71942,71945,71953,71977,71980,71987,71994,72001],{"data":71040,"content":71041,"nodeType":866},{},[71042],{"data":71043,"marks":71044,"value":71045,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Oh, look! A time capsule from 2010. Wonder what’s inside … ",{"data":71047,"content":71048,"nodeType":866},{},[71049,71054],{"data":71050,"marks":71051,"value":71053,"nodeType":865},{},[71052],{"type":926},"Listening to:",{"data":71055,"marks":71056,"value":71057,"nodeType":865},{},[]," “Like a G6” by Far East Movement (on a Nokia C7 — hey, it even had a touchscreen).",{"data":71059,"content":71060,"nodeType":866},{},[71061,71066],{"data":71062,"marks":71063,"value":71065,"nodeType":865},{},[71064],{"type":926},"Major news event:",{"data":71067,"marks":71068,"value":71069,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupts in Iceland, disrupting air travel.",{"data":71071,"content":71072,"nodeType":866},{},[71073,71078],{"data":71074,"marks":71075,"value":71077,"nodeType":865},{},[71076],{"type":926},"Worried about:",{"data":71079,"marks":71080,"value":71081,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Exploitable Flash browser plugins and static HTML phishing sites.",{"data":71083,"content":71084,"nodeType":866},{},[71085,71090],{"data":71086,"marks":71087,"value":71089,"nodeType":865},{},[71088],{"type":926},"How to be a hero?",{"data":71091,"marks":71092,"value":71093,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Roll out the latest AV, implement a web proxy, and add a “report phishing” button to your email solution.",{"data":71095,"content":71099,"nodeType":912},{"target":71096},{"sys":71097},{"id":71098,"type":909,"linkType":910},"54xYbMs0ii96xb2jgQVX9m",[],{"data":71101,"content":71102,"nodeType":866},{},[71103,71107,71115],{"data":71104,"marks":71105,"value":71106,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re halfway through 2025, and the time capsule for this year may need to be an XL when it comes to ",{"data":71108,"content":71109,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64507},[71110],{"data":71111,"marks":71112,"value":71114,"nodeType":865},{},[71113],{"type":943},"how much has happened",{"data":71116,"marks":71117,"value":71118,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in the world of browser-based attacks. (Yet fittingly, Drake’s “Nokia” is a pop hit.)",{"data":71120,"content":71121,"nodeType":866},{},[71122],{"data":71123,"marks":71124,"value":71125,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While at least we don’t have to worry about Flash anymore, the browser is now the new battleground, and workforce identities are the most common target. Security teams are struggling with approaches and tools that attackers have outpaced.",{"data":71127,"content":71128,"nodeType":866},{},[71129,71133,71138],{"data":71130,"marks":71131,"value":71132,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we’ll cover how browser-based attacks have evolved, and how Push is taking a new approach with the release of our ",{"data":71134,"marks":71135,"value":71137,"nodeType":865},{},[71136],{"type":926},"Detections",{"data":71139,"marks":71140,"value":71141,"nodeType":865},{},[]," capabilities, now generally available to all customers.",{"data":71143,"content":71144,"nodeType":866},{},[71145],{"data":71146,"marks":71147,"value":71148,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Detections use real-time telemetry to help you understand context, user behavior, and attacker techniques, and then respond — a modern tool for modern browser-based attacks.",{"data":71150,"content":71154,"nodeType":912},{"target":71151},{"sys":71152},{"id":71153,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2ULDSj85bXtT2OgpXKBHtB",[],{"data":71156,"content":71157,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":71159,"content":71160,"nodeType":981},{},[71161],{"data":71162,"marks":71163,"value":71165,"nodeType":865},{},[71164],{"type":926},"The old world vs. the new world",{"data":71167,"content":71168,"nodeType":866},{},[71169],{"data":71170,"marks":71171,"value":71172,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the early 2010s, the typical attack path involved sending a user an email with a link to a static HTML webpage (most commonly a generic Exchange Web Access clone) that tricked them into giving you Active Directory creds. These could be used to log in to an exposed remote desktop service or the victim’s mailbox, giving the attacker a foothold to install malware. Anyone who’s done “red teaming 101” will recognize this scenario. ",{"data":71174,"content":71175,"nodeType":866},{},[71176],{"data":71177,"marks":71178,"value":71179,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A compromised identity was once just part of a system compromise. That meant the scope of detection and response was focused on the organization’s Active Directory domain, correlated with endpoint and network logs. ",{"data":71181,"content":71182,"nodeType":866},{},[71183],{"data":71184,"marks":71185,"value":71186,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But now, identity attacks happen beyond traditional on-premises networks, impacting cloud identities that are created, used, and attacked in the browser. What was once the familiar backbone of business IT — internal apps and thick clients — has been replaced with a sprawling cloud and SaaS ecosystem that can be targeted directly via identity, without touching the endpoint. ",{"data":71188,"content":71192,"nodeType":912},{"target":71189},{"sys":71190},{"id":71191,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2F2p4eTMCHo3LfNQJZeGWB",[],{"data":71194,"content":71195,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":71197,"content":71198,"nodeType":981},{},[71199],{"data":71200,"marks":71201,"value":71203,"nodeType":865},{},[71202],{"type":926},"Why detection and response hasn’t kept up with threat evolution",{"data":71205,"content":71206,"nodeType":866},{},[71207],{"data":71208,"marks":71209,"value":71210,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This shift in attacker TTPs is forcing a change in how we handle detection and response. ",{"data":71212,"content":71213,"nodeType":866},{},[71214,71218,71227],{"data":71215,"marks":71216,"value":71217,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But a lot of organizations are still applying the same old playbooks to this new world where identity attacks are the ",{"data":71219,"content":71221,"nodeType":889},{"uri":71220},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/2024-identity-attacks",[71222],{"data":71223,"marks":71224,"value":71226,"nodeType":865},{},[71225],{"type":943},"leading cause of breaches",{"data":71228,"marks":71229,"value":71230,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with uneven outcomes. ",{"data":71232,"content":71233,"nodeType":866},{},[71234],{"data":71235,"marks":71236,"value":71237,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t because of a lack of effort or skill on the part of security teams. It’s a reflection of the tools that have been available. ",{"data":71239,"content":71240,"nodeType":866},{},[71241],{"data":71242,"marks":71243,"value":71244,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s look at some of the ways detection and response hasn’t kept up with the evolution of browser-borne threats in this new landscape.",{"data":71246,"content":71247,"nodeType":1317},{},[71248],{"data":71249,"marks":71250,"value":71251,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Incomplete identity visibility ",{"data":71253,"content":71254,"nodeType":866},{},[71255],{"data":71256,"marks":71257,"value":71258,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Today’s cloud identity providers see a fraction of the overall logins your users make to online apps, compared to the comprehensive visibility of Active Directory in the old world. You don’t know where users are logging in, how they’re logging in, or whether these logins are securely using phishing-resistant methods.",{"data":71260,"content":71264,"nodeType":912},{"target":71261},{"sys":71262},{"id":71263,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1SUYueQct7dtWwLh3AaAtA",[],{"data":71266,"content":71267,"nodeType":866},{},[71268],{"data":71269,"marks":71270,"value":71271,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means that identity attacks are routinely bypassing preventative, account hygiene-based controls, putting the strain on detection and response. ",{"data":71273,"content":71274,"nodeType":1317},{},[71275],{"data":71276,"marks":71277,"value":71278,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Limited detection coverage ",{"data":71280,"content":71281,"nodeType":866},{},[71282],{"data":71283,"marks":71284,"value":71285,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Email and network security tools got pretty good at intercepting old-school phishing attacks like the ones from our proverbial time capsule: static HTML pages delivered over email that could be intercepted and analyzed when entering the mailbox or being loaded by the user. ",{"data":71287,"content":71288,"nodeType":866},{},[71289,71293,71302,71306,71310],{"data":71290,"marks":71291,"value":71292,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But with modern phishing attacks dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection, and using runtime anti-analysis features, they’re ",{"data":71294,"content":71295,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5873},[71296],{"data":71297,"marks":71298,"value":71301,"nodeType":865},{},[71299,71300],{"type":943},{"type":926},"increasingly difficult to detect",{"data":71303,"marks":71304,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[71305],{"type":926},{"data":71307,"marks":71308,"value":71309,"nodeType":865},{},[],"using conventional tools",{"data":71311,"marks":71312,"value":70295,"nodeType":865},{},[71313],{"type":926},{"data":71315,"content":71316,"nodeType":866},{},[71317],{"data":71318,"marks":71319,"value":71320,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Of course, email-based detections aren’t much use if attackers are using legitimate services to camouflage their links, or bypassing email altogether by switching to alternative delivery channels like messaging apps (such as Slack and Teams), as well as public services like LinkedIn and Reddit. ",{"data":71322,"content":71323,"nodeType":866},{},[71324,71328,71335],{"data":71325,"marks":71326,"value":71327,"nodeType":865},{},[],"More recently, groups like ",{"data":71329,"content":71330,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64507},[71331],{"data":71332,"marks":71333,"value":51657,"nodeType":865},{},[71334],{"type":943},{"data":71336,"marks":71337,"value":71338,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have even been seen using malvertising techniques, delivering phishing links masquerading as paid Google ads.",{"data":71340,"content":71341,"nodeType":1317},{},[71342],{"data":71343,"marks":71344,"value":71345,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Inadequate security logs",{"data":71347,"content":71348,"nodeType":866},{},[71349],{"data":71350,"marks":71351,"value":71352,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you fail to spot the attack pre-account takeover, you’re reliant on being able to detect and investigate suspicious or malicious activity resulting from the compromise. ",{"data":71354,"content":71355,"nodeType":866},{},[71356,71360,71369],{"data":71357,"marks":71358,"value":71359,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This was more straightforward (if not easy) when you had the luxury of a ",{"data":71361,"content":71363,"nodeType":889},{"uri":71362},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-itdr/",[71364],{"data":71365,"marks":71366,"value":71368,"nodeType":865},{},[71367],{"type":943},"typical on-prem network to fall back",{"data":71370,"marks":71371,"value":71372,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on. But with cloud exploitation taking place in a matter of minutes, you don’t get much warning — and your endpoint and network-based alarms can’t help you. ",{"data":71374,"content":71375,"nodeType":866},{},[71376,71380,71389],{"data":71377,"marks":71378,"value":71379,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The situation is further complicated by the fact that you simply don’t have the logs you need because of the huge variability in how cloud and SaaS services provide logs (with many ",{"data":71381,"content":71383,"nodeType":889},{"uri":71382},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/minimum-viable-identity-security/#id-enable-security-teams-to-detect-and-respond-to-identity-attacks",[71384],{"data":71385,"marks":71386,"value":71388,"nodeType":865},{},[71387],{"type":943},"failing to provide security logs",{"data":71390,"marks":71391,"value":71392,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with relevant data points at all). So chances are you’re flying blind when it comes to large chunks of your business app suite. ",{"data":71394,"content":71395,"nodeType":866},{},[71396,71400,71409],{"data":71397,"marks":71398,"value":71399,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ultimately, you’re stuck with what you can observe — typically network traffic. But ",{"data":71401,"content":71403,"nodeType":889},{"uri":71402},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension/",[71404],{"data":71405,"marks":71406,"value":71408,"nodeType":865},{},[71407],{"type":943},"even with a TLS-terminating proxy",{"data":71410,"marks":71411,"value":71412,"nodeType":865},{},[],", extracting fine-grained identity data points isn’t really achievable. You’re looking from the outside-in at malicious activity that’s happening in the user’s browser and trying to infer what happened.  ",{"data":71414,"content":71418,"nodeType":912},{"target":71415},{"sys":71416},{"id":71417,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7FMdHtbE63GMCavObETf3O",[],{"data":71420,"content":71421,"nodeType":1317},{},[71422],{"data":71423,"marks":71424,"value":71425,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Spotty control enforcement",{"data":71427,"content":71428,"nodeType":866},{},[71429,71433,71438],{"data":71430,"marks":71431,"value":71432,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And in the case that you do identify that a user clicked a malicious link and ",{"data":71434,"marks":71435,"value":71437,"nodeType":865},{},[71436],{"type":898},"maybe ",{"data":71439,"marks":71440,"value":71441,"nodeType":865},{},[],"entered their credentials into the page — now what? ",{"data":71443,"content":71444,"nodeType":866},{},[71445],{"data":71446,"marks":71447,"value":71448,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can reset the account in the affected app, ideally terminating active sessions — which may or may not be possible, depending on the app. This might take a while if you don’t centrally manage the app, and involve some painful emergency phone calls to employees. ",{"data":71450,"content":71451,"nodeType":866},{},[71452],{"data":71453,"marks":71454,"value":71455,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What about apps where the same password is reused? ",{"data":71457,"content":71458,"nodeType":866},{},[71459],{"data":71460,"marks":71461,"value":71462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Or if it’s an IdP account used for SSO, what about the other apps that might be accessible now? ",{"data":71464,"content":71465,"nodeType":866},{},[71466,71470,71478],{"data":71467,"marks":71468,"value":71469,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If the attacker has created stealthy backdoors that persist through credential changes (like ",{"data":71471,"content":71472,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37262},[71473],{"data":71474,"marks":71475,"value":71477,"nodeType":865},{},[71476],{"type":943},"creating an API key or a malicious OAuth integration",{"data":71479,"marks":71480,"value":71481,"nodeType":865},{},[],") they could still be lurking in your environment.",{"data":71483,"content":71484,"nodeType":866},{},[71485],{"data":71486,"marks":71487,"value":71489,"nodeType":865},{},[71488],{"type":926},"Suddenly, you’re not dealing with one possible control point, you’re dealing with several. ",{"data":71491,"content":71492,"nodeType":866},{},[71493],{"data":71494,"marks":71495,"value":71496,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And if you can’t trace the attack back to a source — because your email solution missed it, or it didn’t come via email, how can you triage the impact to other users? ",{"data":71498,"content":71499,"nodeType":866},{},[71500],{"data":71501,"marks":71502,"value":71503,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s no wonder that security teams are struggling to adapt. ",{"data":71505,"content":71506,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":71508,"content":71509,"nodeType":981},{},[71510],{"data":71511,"marks":71512,"value":71514,"nodeType":865},{},[71513],{"type":926},"How Push is solving modern identity investigations in the browser",{"data":71516,"content":71517,"nodeType":866},{},[71518],{"data":71519,"marks":71520,"value":71521,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The good news? We’ve seen this phenomenon play out before: In the early 2010s, in fact, when AV evolved into EDR. What was the big innovation then? Getting inside the data stream, in real time, and detecting and responding from a much higher-fidelity source of telemetry.",{"data":71523,"content":71524,"nodeType":866},{},[71525],{"data":71526,"marks":71527,"value":71528,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This time around, security teams need tools that take them inside the browser layer.",{"data":71530,"content":71531,"nodeType":866},{},[71532],{"data":71533,"marks":71534,"value":71535,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This approach gives you the right vantage point to defend against and investigate browser-based identity attacks, providing access to:",{"data":71537,"content":71538,"nodeType":1616},{},[71539,71549,71559,71569],{"data":71540,"content":71541,"nodeType":1570},{},[71542],{"data":71543,"content":71544,"nodeType":866},{},[71545],{"data":71546,"marks":71547,"value":71548,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full decrypted HTTP traffic — not just DNS and TCP/IP metadata",{"data":71550,"content":71551,"nodeType":1570},{},[71552],{"data":71553,"content":71554,"nodeType":866},{},[71555],{"data":71556,"marks":71557,"value":71558,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full user interaction tracing — every click, keystroke, or DOM change",{"data":71560,"content":71561,"nodeType":1570},{},[71562],{"data":71563,"content":71564,"nodeType":866},{},[71565],{"data":71566,"marks":71567,"value":71568,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full inspection at every layer of execution, not just the initial HTML served",{"data":71570,"content":71571,"nodeType":1570},{},[71572],{"data":71573,"content":71574,"nodeType":866},{},[71575],{"data":71576,"marks":71577,"value":71578,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full access to browser APIs, to correlate with browser history, local storage, cookies, etc.",{"data":71580,"content":71584,"nodeType":912},{"target":71581},{"sys":71582},{"id":71583,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5qt0s8e1TIEUxhU1GzFO63",[],{"data":71586,"content":71587,"nodeType":866},{},[71588],{"data":71589,"marks":71590,"value":71591,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With this data, teams have the information they need to respond to and investigate browser-based attacks. But to become valuable, this data needs a translation layer that turns it from raw logs into actionable information.",{"data":71593,"content":71594,"nodeType":866},{},[71595,71599,71603],{"data":71596,"marks":71597,"value":71598,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s where Push’s ",{"data":71600,"marks":71601,"value":71137,"nodeType":865},{},[71602],{"type":926},{"data":71604,"marks":71605,"value":71606,"nodeType":865},{},[]," capability comes in. With it, you can:",{"data":71608,"content":71609,"nodeType":1616},{},[71610,71646,71656,71666,71676,71686],{"data":71611,"content":71612,"nodeType":1570},{},[71613],{"data":71614,"content":71615,"nodeType":866},{},[71616,71620,71629,71633,71642],{"data":71617,"marks":71618,"value":71619,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get alerted in your platform of choice (via the Push admin console, ",{"data":71621,"content":71623,"nodeType":889},{"uri":71622},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/send-webhook-events-to-slack/",[71624],{"data":71625,"marks":71626,"value":71628,"nodeType":865},{},[71627],{"type":943},"Slack integration",{"data":71630,"marks":71631,"value":71632,"nodeType":865},{},[],", or your ",{"data":71634,"content":71636,"nodeType":889},{"uri":71635},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/",[71637],{"data":71638,"marks":71639,"value":71641,"nodeType":865},{},[71640],{"type":943},"SIEM/SOAR",{"data":71643,"marks":71644,"value":71645,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of choice) whenever Push detects a browser-based attack, such as AiTM phishing or a cloned login page.",{"data":71647,"content":71648,"nodeType":1570},{},[71649],{"data":71650,"content":71651,"nodeType":866},{},[71652],{"data":71653,"marks":71654,"value":71655,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Review a curated timeline of the incident: Where a phishing link originated; whether a user entered their credentials on the page; what kind of phishkit was used; and whether the attack was blocked by Push.",{"data":71657,"content":71658,"nodeType":1570},{},[71659],{"data":71660,"content":71661,"nodeType":866},{},[71662],{"data":71663,"marks":71664,"value":71665,"nodeType":865},{},[],"See all the other impacted accounts and apps that shared a password with the phished account so you can remediate them.",{"data":71667,"content":71668,"nodeType":1570},{},[71669],{"data":71670,"content":71671,"nodeType":866},{},[71672],{"data":71673,"marks":71674,"value":71675,"nodeType":865},{},[],"See a screenshot captured by the Push browser extension of the phishing page, so you can see exactly what the user saw before the page disappears.",{"data":71677,"content":71678,"nodeType":1570},{},[71679],{"data":71680,"content":71681,"nodeType":866},{},[71682],{"data":71683,"marks":71684,"value":71685,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get additional context from urlscan.io about the domains connected to the incident, helping you understand whether a domain has been reported as malicious by other users, when it was registered, and how many times it’s been scanned.",{"data":71687,"content":71688,"nodeType":1570},{},[71689],{"data":71690,"content":71691,"nodeType":866},{},[71692],{"data":71693,"marks":71694,"value":71695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Interrogate and send this telemetry to your SIEM for you to operationalize it as part of SecOps workflows and hunt across events for similar incident characteristics.",{"data":71697,"content":71701,"nodeType":912},{"target":71698},{"sys":71699},{"id":71700,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5iPYWpPx4IZ2M1DykQiWsN",[],{"data":71703,"content":71704,"nodeType":1317},{},[71705],{"data":71706,"marks":71707,"value":71708,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser context",{"data":71710,"content":71711,"nodeType":866},{},[71712],{"data":71713,"marks":71714,"value":71715,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With Push, there’s no more: ",{"data":71717,"content":71718,"nodeType":1616},{},[71719,71729,71739,71749,71759,71769],{"data":71720,"content":71721,"nodeType":1570},{},[71722],{"data":71723,"content":71724,"nodeType":866},{},[71725],{"data":71726,"marks":71727,"value":71728,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Waiting (and hoping) that a browser-based attack gets recognized and reported by a user.",{"data":71730,"content":71731,"nodeType":1570},{},[71732],{"data":71733,"content":71734,"nodeType":866},{},[71735],{"data":71736,"marks":71737,"value":71738,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Guesswork as to exactly what happened on the phishing page. ",{"data":71740,"content":71741,"nodeType":1570},{},[71742],{"data":71743,"content":71744,"nodeType":866},{},[71745],{"data":71746,"marks":71747,"value":71748,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Struggling to get your hands on a live version of the page to see if it was actually malicious and getting thwarted because the attacker used a one-time phishing link. ",{"data":71750,"content":71751,"nodeType":1570},{},[71752],{"data":71753,"content":71754,"nodeType":866},{},[71755],{"data":71756,"marks":71757,"value":71758,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Manually tracing the attack to see if it arrived by email so you can quarantine the messages. ",{"data":71760,"content":71761,"nodeType":1570},{},[71762],{"data":71763,"content":71764,"nodeType":866},{},[71765],{"data":71766,"marks":71767,"value":71768,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Trawling through voluminous proxy logs for scraps of information (who else visited the link; where did it originate; etc.).",{"data":71770,"content":71771,"nodeType":1570},{},[71772],{"data":71773,"content":71774,"nodeType":866},{},[71775],{"data":71776,"marks":71777,"value":71778,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Spending precious time on urlscan or VirusTotal to get basic context on a domain or IP address. ",{"data":71780,"content":71781,"nodeType":866},{},[71782],{"data":71783,"marks":71784,"value":71785,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Instead, Push gives you all the information you need in one place to investigate and respond. ",{"data":71787,"content":71788,"nodeType":866},{},[71789],{"data":71790,"marks":71791,"value":71792,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The foundation for these detections is the Push browser agent, which can be silently installed in all major browsers in your environment to begin streaming information about a user’s entire identity footprint. ",{"data":71794,"content":71795,"nodeType":866},{},[71796],{"data":71797,"marks":71798,"value":71799,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This valuable telemetry, combined with Push’s out-of-the-box controls and detections, gives you a seat on the user’s side of the equation, capturing reliable information about network requests, scripts loaded by a malicious website, and what a user clicked and navigated to: the ingredients for showing you how a browser-based attack unfolded, start to finish.",{"data":71801,"content":71805,"nodeType":912},{"target":71802},{"sys":71803},{"id":71804,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7ylgcaNDrxYhw7bULixM1C",[],{"data":71807,"content":71808,"nodeType":866},{},[71809],{"data":71810,"marks":71811,"value":71812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push raises a detection when it observes a phishing attack or when a user attempts to visit a blocked URL. You can view detections in the Push admin console, or send them to your SIEM or SOAR for correlation and analysis.",{"data":71814,"content":71815,"nodeType":1317},{},[71816],{"data":71817,"marks":71818,"value":71819,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Screenshot capture",{"data":71821,"content":71822,"nodeType":866},{},[71823],{"data":71824,"marks":71825,"value":71826,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push extension can also capture a screenshot at the time of a detection firing. This means security teams can see the visual characteristics of the page even if it’s since been taken down (and no more looking at bot protection screens like Cloudflare Turnstile on urlscan). ",{"data":71828,"content":71832,"nodeType":912},{"target":71829},{"sys":71830},{"id":71831,"type":909,"linkType":910},"58HPrc7wImm3mLxPK0yJOG",[],{"data":71834,"content":71835,"nodeType":1317},{},[71836],{"data":71837,"marks":71838,"value":71839,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Blast radius analysis for all impacted accounts & apps",{"data":71841,"content":71842,"nodeType":866},{},[71843],{"data":71844,"marks":71845,"value":71846,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With Push’s knowledge of your workforce identities — based on observing logins in the browser that use corporate credentials — the platform can also provide an analysis of the blast radius of an attack by showing you where other accounts and apps are impacted or at risk.",{"data":71848,"content":71849,"nodeType":866},{},[71850],{"data":71851,"marks":71852,"value":71853,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This information helps you understand the true impact of an incident so you can remediate all affected accounts.",{"data":71855,"content":71859,"nodeType":912},{"target":71856},{"sys":71857},{"id":71858,"type":909,"linkType":910},"77e8XMl2Rb0p7ZrG2wmURO",[],{"data":71861,"content":71862,"nodeType":866},{},[71863,71867,71875],{"data":71864,"marks":71865,"value":71866,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push is able to provide this blast radius analysis by ",{"data":71868,"content":71869,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70866},[71870],{"data":71871,"marks":71872,"value":71874,"nodeType":865},{},[71873],{"type":943},"securely fingerprinting users’ passwords",{"data":71876,"marks":71877,"value":71878,"nodeType":865},{},[]," when a login is observed; analyzing them for security posture issues such as missing MFA, or stolen, weak, or reused passwords; and then raising that relevant context for a given detection.",{"data":71880,"content":71881,"nodeType":1317},{},[71882],{"data":71883,"marks":71884,"value":71885,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Correlated context from urlscan.io",{"data":71887,"content":71888,"nodeType":866},{},[71889],{"data":71890,"marks":71891,"value":71892,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, through an integration with urlscan.io, Push is able to provide additional context about the domains involved in a detection event, including:",{"data":71894,"content":71895,"nodeType":1616},{},[71896,71906,71916,71926],{"data":71897,"content":71898,"nodeType":1570},{},[71899],{"data":71900,"content":71901,"nodeType":866},{},[71902],{"data":71903,"marks":71904,"value":71905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When they were created",{"data":71907,"content":71908,"nodeType":1570},{},[71909],{"data":71910,"content":71911,"nodeType":866},{},[71912],{"data":71913,"marks":71914,"value":71915,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How many times they have previously been scanned",{"data":71917,"content":71918,"nodeType":1570},{},[71919],{"data":71920,"content":71921,"nodeType":866},{},[71922],{"data":71923,"marks":71924,"value":71925,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When they were last scanned",{"data":71927,"content":71928,"nodeType":1570},{},[71929],{"data":71930,"content":71931,"nodeType":866},{},[71932],{"data":71933,"marks":71934,"value":71935,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If urlscan has marked them as suspicious",{"data":71937,"content":71941,"nodeType":912},{"target":71938},{"sys":71939},{"id":71940,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2AKpAk65XdmaGBfe2V4qZ5",[],{"data":71943,"content":71944,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":71946,"content":71947,"nodeType":981},{},[71948],{"data":71949,"marks":71950,"value":71952,"nodeType":865},{},[71951],{"type":926},"Check out our latest webinar for practical guidance in real-world scenarios",{"data":71954,"content":71955,"nodeType":866},{},[71956,71960,71969,71972],{"data":71957,"marks":71958,"value":71959,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For practical advice and applied examples of how to use Push data in incident response — as well as some bonus examples of automated response and remediation use cases — ",{"data":71961,"content":71963,"nodeType":889},{"uri":71962},"https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/identity-detection-response",[71964],{"data":71965,"marks":71966,"value":71968,"nodeType":865},{},[71967],{"type":943},"join us live on August 13 for our webinar",{"data":71970,"marks":71971,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":71973,"marks":71974,"value":71976,"nodeType":865},{},[71975],{"type":926},"“Identity attacks have changed — have your IR playbooks?”",{"data":71978,"content":71979,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":71981,"content":71982,"nodeType":981},{},[71983],{"data":71984,"marks":71985,"value":2270,"nodeType":865},{},[71986],{"type":926},{"data":71988,"content":71989,"nodeType":866},{},[71990],{"data":71991,"marks":71992,"value":71993,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying, and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. ",{"data":71995,"content":71996,"nodeType":866},{},[71997],{"data":71998,"marks":71999,"value":72000,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, including ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more.",{"data":72002,"content":72003,"nodeType":866},{},[72004,72008,72016],{"data":72005,"marks":72006,"value":72007,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques, ",{"data":72009,"content":72010,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},[72011],{"data":72012,"marks":72013,"value":72015,"nodeType":865},{},[72014],{"type":943},"request a demo.",{"data":72017,"marks":72018,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re launching a new Detections capability, enabling security teams to more effectively investigate and triage alerts, and build more effective workflows. ","2025-07-29T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":72022},[72023,72025],{"sys":72024,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":72026,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":72028},[72029],{"fullName":4680,"firstName":4681,"jobTitle":4616,"profilePicture":72030},{"url":4683},{"__typename":1429,"sys":72032,"content":72033,"title":51845,"synopsis":72377,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":72378,"slug":51846,"tagsCollection":72379,"authorsCollection":72383},{"id":51714},{"json":72034},{"data":72035,"content":72036,"nodeType":1382},{},[72037,72044,72051,72058,72064,72071,72104,72111,72118,72125,72131,72138,72145,72163,72169,72176,72196,72214,72221,72228,72235,72242,72249,72256,72263,72283,72290,72297,72303,72310,72317,72341,72347,72365,72371],{"data":72038,"content":72039,"nodeType":866},{},[72040],{"data":72041,"marks":72042,"value":72043,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider has shown the world the devastating effects attackers can achieve by socially engineering IT help desks into performing MFA resets so they can take over accounts on sensitive corporate apps. ",{"data":72045,"content":72046,"nodeType":866},{},[72047],{"data":72048,"marks":72049,"value":72050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s why we’re introducing Employee Identity Verification Codes — a simple, browser-based identity check that gives your help desk a reliable way to confirm they’re talking to someone from your organization.",{"data":72052,"content":72053,"nodeType":866},{},[72054],{"data":72055,"marks":72056,"value":72057,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push now provides your employees with a rotating 6-digit verification code in their browser via the Push Security extension. When an employee contacts your IT help desk to request an MFA reset or access recovery, the help desk can ask for this code to verify their identity — ensuring it’s really them, and not an attacker.",{"data":72059,"content":72063,"nodeType":912},{"target":72060},{"sys":72061},{"id":72062,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3PkiGgzwSt9Nb5rsGRiQVZ",[],{"data":72065,"content":72066,"nodeType":866},{},[72067],{"data":72068,"marks":72069,"value":72070,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The employee identity verification codes are:",{"data":72072,"content":72073,"nodeType":1616},{},[72074,72084,72094],{"data":72075,"content":72076,"nodeType":1570},{},[72077],{"data":72078,"content":72079,"nodeType":866},{},[72080],{"data":72081,"marks":72082,"value":72083,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Session-aware - generated in users’ browsers and only visible to them when they click on the Push Security extension icon in their browser toolbar.",{"data":72085,"content":72086,"nodeType":1570},{},[72087],{"data":72088,"content":72089,"nodeType":866},{},[72090],{"data":72091,"marks":72092,"value":72093,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Rotating: they change every 24 hours",{"data":72095,"content":72096,"nodeType":1570},{},[72097],{"data":72098,"content":72099,"nodeType":866},{},[72100],{"data":72101,"marks":72102,"value":72103,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Lightweight: no additional apps or devices required",{"data":72105,"content":72106,"nodeType":866},{},[72107],{"data":72108,"marks":72109,"value":72110,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s a fast, simple verification method — directly in the employee’s browser — that addresses a real-world threat.",{"data":72112,"content":72113,"nodeType":981},{},[72114],{"data":72115,"marks":72116,"value":72117,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We think it’s swell, but don’t just take our word for it …",{"data":72119,"content":72120,"nodeType":866},{},[72121],{"data":72122,"marks":72123,"value":72124,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Eric Rubin — a Senior Manager in GitLab’s Corporate Security team — has already rolled out Employee Identity Verification Codes across his workforce. Here’s what he had to say about it:",{"data":72126,"content":72130,"nodeType":912},{"target":72127},{"sys":72128},{"id":72129,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5ZLaA869NXpMjVwkswEyOB",[],{"data":72132,"content":72133,"nodeType":866},{},[72134],{"data":72135,"marks":72136,"value":72137,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Thank you, Eric!",{"data":72139,"content":72140,"nodeType":981},{},[72141],{"data":72142,"marks":72143,"value":72144,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Why are help desk identity verification methods so hot right now?",{"data":72146,"content":72147,"nodeType":866},{},[72148,72152,72159],{"data":72149,"marks":72150,"value":72151,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A number of the high-profile incidents attributed to the ",{"data":72153,"content":72154,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64507},[72155],{"data":72156,"marks":72157,"value":72158,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider cybercriminal group",{"data":72160,"marks":72161,"value":72162,"nodeType":865},{},[]," saw them socially engineer IT help desks into resetting MFA on employee accounts that they had already acquired valid credentials for. These compromised accounts were typically on IdP systems like Okta providing SSO access to large numbers of downstream applications.",{"data":72164,"content":72168,"nodeType":912},{"target":72165},{"sys":72166},{"id":72167,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2F2dpOkyXWnrKgFC3dSl67",[],{"data":72170,"content":72171,"nodeType":1317},{},[72172],{"data":72173,"marks":72174,"value":72175,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Case study: The MGM Resorts breach",{"data":72177,"content":72178,"nodeType":866},{},[72179,72183,72192],{"data":72180,"marks":72181,"value":72182,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of Scattered Spider’s most notorious and well-documented attacks was against ",{"data":72184,"content":72186,"nodeType":889},{"uri":72185},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-mgm-resorts-september-2023",[72187],{"data":72188,"marks":72189,"value":72191,"nodeType":865},{},[72190],{"type":943},"MGM Resorts",{"data":72193,"marks":72194,"value":72195,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Scattered Spider socially engineered MGM Resorts’ help desk personnel to bypass MFA and log in to accounts for which they had acquired valid login credentials via credential phishing and historical infostealer compromises. ",{"data":72197,"content":72198,"nodeType":866},{},[72199,72203,72210],{"data":72200,"marks":72201,"value":72202,"nodeType":865},{},[],"They specifically targeted accounts with Super Administrator privileges within MGM Resorts’ Okta tenant, which they then used to register a second, attacker-controlled IdP via ",{"data":72204,"content":72205,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37416},[72206],{"data":72207,"marks":72208,"value":37422,"nodeType":865},{},[72209],{"type":943},{"data":72211,"marks":72212,"value":72213,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This then enabled them to impersonate any user within the Okta tenant. ",{"data":72215,"content":72216,"nodeType":866},{},[72217],{"data":72218,"marks":72219,"value":72220,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attackers were then able to abuse SSO access to downstream apps and platforms from various accounts, culminating in deployment of ransomware to around 100 ESXi servers and data exfiltration. ",{"data":72222,"content":72223,"nodeType":866},{},[72224],{"data":72225,"marks":72226,"value":72227,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The breach resulted in a 36-hour outage, a $100M hit to its Q3 results, one-time cyber consulting fees in the region of $10M, and a class-action lawsuit later settled for $45M. ",{"data":72229,"content":72230,"nodeType":1317},{},[72231],{"data":72232,"marks":72233,"value":72234,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Reassessing help desk verification processes",{"data":72236,"content":72237,"nodeType":866},{},[72238],{"data":72239,"marks":72240,"value":72241,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider’s high-profile attacks — including its most recent against UK retailers Marks & Spencer’s and the Co-op — has prompted many security teams to reassess the verification processes used by their IT help desks when an employee requests an MFA reset or access to sensitive applications. ",{"data":72243,"content":72244,"nodeType":866},{},[72245],{"data":72246,"marks":72247,"value":72248,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Initial guidance from across the industry included the use of call-back verification for any MFA or credential changes requested by an employee. However, Scattered Spider are also known to use SIM-swapping to trick mobile carriers into transferring a victim’s phone number to a SIM card controlled by the attacker - thereby allowing them to intercept verification calls. ",{"data":72250,"content":72251,"nodeType":981},{},[72252],{"data":72253,"marks":72254,"value":72255,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Simple verification using your employees’ browsers",{"data":72257,"content":72258,"nodeType":866},{},[72259],{"data":72260,"marks":72261,"value":72262,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push already provides several controls that directly align to the other TTPs used by Scattered Spider. They include detecting stolen credentials, cloned login pages, AitM toolkits and compromised IdP sessions. ",{"data":72264,"content":72265,"nodeType":866},{},[72266,72270,72279],{"data":72267,"marks":72268,"value":72269,"nodeType":865},{},[],"(BTW, if this piques your interest, you can ",{"data":72271,"content":72273,"nodeType":889},{"uri":72272},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources?type=webinar#content",[72274],{"data":72275,"marks":72276,"value":72278,"nodeType":865},{},[72277],{"type":943},"stream our latest webinar",{"data":72280,"marks":72281,"value":72282,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where we deep-dive into Scattered Spider, how their TTPs are evolving in 2025, and what Push is doing to protect organizations against them.) ",{"data":72284,"content":72285,"nodeType":866},{},[72286],{"data":72287,"marks":72288,"value":72289,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But to provide our customers with an additional layer of defense against the Scattered Spider attack chain, we wanted to see how we could make it harder for attackers to socially engineer IT help desks into gaining access to IdP systems and sensitive apps.",{"data":72291,"content":72292,"nodeType":866},{},[72293],{"data":72294,"marks":72295,"value":72296,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As so often is the case, the answer was staring us right in the face - we can use our browser extension. By placing a verification code in the details tray of every employees’ Push extension, they can use that to verify their identity with their help desk team.",{"data":72298,"content":72302,"nodeType":912},{"target":72299},{"sys":72300},{"id":72301,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4hRJVGqKGyOHJ8NSsQYWGP",[],{"data":72304,"content":72305,"nodeType":981},{},[72306],{"data":72307,"marks":72308,"value":72309,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get started today!",{"data":72311,"content":72312,"nodeType":866},{},[72313],{"data":72314,"marks":72315,"value":72316,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employee verification codes is a Labs feature, which means it’s available on an early-access basis. We're particularly interested in hearing your feedback on how to develop this feature further.",{"data":72318,"content":72319,"nodeType":866},{},[72320,72324,72328,72332,72337],{"data":72321,"marks":72322,"value":72323,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can enable Labs features by going to the ",{"data":72325,"marks":72326,"value":39153,"nodeType":865},{},[72327],{"type":926},{"data":72329,"marks":72330,"value":72331,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page of the Push admin console and choosing the ",{"data":72333,"marks":72334,"value":72336,"nodeType":865},{},[72335],{"type":926},"Labs",{"data":72338,"marks":72339,"value":72340,"nodeType":865},{},[]," tab.",{"data":72342,"content":72346,"nodeType":912},{"target":72343},{"sys":72344},{"id":72345,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6TyqP2eOmalIF6RRoe476Y",[],{"data":72348,"content":72349,"nodeType":866},{},[72350,72354,72361],{"data":72351,"marks":72352,"value":72353,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’d like to find out more about this feature, and the other ways Push is stopping identity attacks in the browser, ",{"data":72355,"content":72356,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},[72357],{"data":72358,"marks":72359,"value":16549,"nodeType":865},{},[72360],{"type":943},{"data":72362,"marks":72363,"value":72364,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with one of our team. ",{"data":72366,"content":72370,"nodeType":912},{"target":72367},{"sys":72368},{"id":72369,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7xBE9MrnMy3hfwIkhLhNhQ",[],{"data":72372,"content":72373,"nodeType":866},{},[72374],{"data":72375,"marks":72376,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's new Employee Identity Verification Codes feature is a simple way for your help desk to confirm they’re talking to someone from your organization.\n","2025-06-19T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":72380},[72381],{"sys":72382,"name":297},{"id":2310},{"items":72384},[72385],{"fullName":4614,"firstName":4615,"jobTitle":4616,"profilePicture":72386},{"url":4618},{"__typename":1429,"sys":72388,"content":72389,"title":51777,"synopsis":72933,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":72934,"slug":51778,"tagsCollection":72935,"authorsCollection":72941},{"id":50710},{"json":72390},{"data":72391,"content":72392,"nodeType":1382},{},[72393,72412,72419,72442,72449,72456,72463,72482,72488,72491,72499,72506,72526,72569,72612,72642,72662,72667,72670,72678,72685,72692,72699,72706,72829,72836,72839,72846,72863,72880,72883,72891,72908,72915],{"data":72394,"content":72395,"nodeType":866},{},[72396,72400,72408],{"data":72397,"marks":72398,"value":72399,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Almost two years ago, we released our ",{"data":72401,"content":72402,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10205},[72403],{"data":72404,"marks":72405,"value":72407,"nodeType":865},{},[72406],{"type":943},"SaaS attacks matrix",{"data":72409,"marks":72410,"value":72411,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on GitHub. At the time, our research into modern attack patterns showed us that attackers were increasingly relying on cloud-native techniques, taking advantage of the shift in business IT from traditional on-premise networks to a web of third-party services accessed over the internet. ",{"data":72413,"content":72414,"nodeType":866},{},[72415],{"data":72416,"marks":72417,"value":72418,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As part of our work in maintaining and updating the SaaS attacks matrix in line with our own research and attacks in the wild, we identified that:",{"data":72420,"content":72421,"nodeType":1616},{},[72422,72432],{"data":72423,"content":72424,"nodeType":1570},{},[72425],{"data":72426,"content":72427,"nodeType":866},{},[72428],{"data":72429,"marks":72430,"value":72431,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The fastest growing category since day 1 has been initial access, which is entirely driven by identity-based techniques (i.e. logging into apps).",{"data":72433,"content":72434,"nodeType":1570},{},[72435],{"data":72436,"content":72437,"nodeType":866},{},[72438],{"data":72439,"marks":72440,"value":72441,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing in various forms is the most widely used, and generally effective, of all the initial access techniques we encounter. ",{"data":72443,"content":72444,"nodeType":866},{},[72445],{"data":72446,"marks":72447,"value":72448,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s increasingly difficult to reflect a lot of the research we’re doing within the parameters of the SaaS attacks matrix when attackers are doing so much (and to varying levels) in how they architect their phishing sites, distribute links and lures, and find novel ways around authentication and access controls. ",{"data":72450,"content":72451,"nodeType":866},{},[72452],{"data":72453,"marks":72454,"value":72455,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Equally, while there’s a huge amount of valuable research and deep-dive analysis of how individual phishing kits are behaving produced by security firms, there’s a gap in how we’re bringing together this knowledge and understanding the broad strokes of why and how phishing attacks are still so successful.  ",{"data":72457,"content":72458,"nodeType":866},{},[72459],{"data":72460,"marks":72461,"value":72462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We come across so many phishing attacks on a daily basis that it’s impossible to write a deep-dive teardown on every one — and to some extent it wouldn’t be useful to do so. What’s arguably more valuable is understanding the patterns and commonalities across phishing campaigns that can help us to understand, generally, how malicious tooling and tradecraft is evolving. ",{"data":72464,"content":72465,"nodeType":866},{},[72466,72470,72478],{"data":72467,"marks":72468,"value":72469,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, we decided to ",{"data":72471,"content":72472,"nodeType":889},{"uri":50798},[72473],{"data":72474,"marks":72475,"value":72477,"nodeType":865},{},[72476],{"type":943},"create a new resource",{"data":72479,"marks":72480,"value":72481,"nodeType":865},{},[]," giving phishing the space to breathe that it deserves. ",{"data":72483,"content":72487,"nodeType":912},{"target":72484},{"sys":72485},{"id":72486,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7rK8RR8KKQ9DbBouZKnjs6",[],{"data":72489,"content":72490,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":72492,"content":72493,"nodeType":981},{},[72494],{"data":72495,"marks":72496,"value":72498,"nodeType":865},{},[72497],{"type":926},"How phishing has evolved",{"data":72500,"content":72501,"nodeType":866},{},[72502],{"data":72503,"marks":72504,"value":72505,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s easy to write off phishing as unsophisticated and simplistic, particularly when we think back to the first generation of phishing attacks — static HTML pages purely designed to steal your username and password, linked directly from an email. ",{"data":72507,"content":72508,"nodeType":866},{},[72509,72513,72522],{"data":72510,"marks":72511,"value":72512,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modern phishing has changed a lot in the past decade or so. ",{"data":72514,"content":72516,"nodeType":889},{"uri":72515},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/aitm-phishing/",[72517],{"data":72518,"marks":72519,"value":72521,"nodeType":865},{},[72520],{"type":943},"MFA-bypassing  Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) kits",{"data":72523,"marks":72524,"value":72525,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are table stakes — anyone can pick up a copy of Evilginx and immediately blow past most email and network security solutions on the market.  ",{"data":72527,"content":72528,"nodeType":866},{},[72529,72533,72541,72545,72553,72557,72565],{"data":72530,"marks":72531,"value":72532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the most sophisticated attacks — the ones that usually hit the headlines in the form of major breaches — are doing much more than this. The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are ",{"data":72534,"content":72535,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64218},[72536],{"data":72537,"marks":72538,"value":72540,"nodeType":865},{},[72539],{"type":943},"dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page",{"data":72542,"marks":72543,"value":72544,"nodeType":865},{},[],", implementing ",{"data":72546,"content":72547,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60272},[72548],{"data":72549,"marks":72550,"value":72552,"nodeType":865},{},[72551],{"type":943},"bot protection through custom CAPTCHA",{"data":72554,"marks":72555,"value":72556,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and using ",{"data":72558,"content":72559,"nodeType":889},{"uri":50210},[72560],{"data":72561,"marks":72562,"value":72564,"nodeType":865},{},[72563],{"type":943},"runtime anti-analysis features",{"data":72566,"marks":72567,"value":72568,"nodeType":865},{},[],", making them increasingly difficult to detect by the tools most enterprises are using to combat the problem. ",{"data":72570,"content":72571,"nodeType":866},{},[72572,72576,72583,72587,72596,72600,72608],{"data":72573,"marks":72574,"value":72575,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The techniques used by attackers to deliver phishing lures are also more sophisticated. Groups like Scattered Spider have been seen using ",{"data":72577,"content":72578,"nodeType":889},{"uri":44485},[72579],{"data":72580,"marks":72581,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[72582],{"type":943},{"data":72584,"marks":72585,"value":72586,"nodeType":865},{},[]," techniques, delivering phishing links via paid Google ads, while phishing campaigns are frequently encountered in ",{"data":72588,"content":72590,"nodeType":889},{"uri":72589},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/instant-messenger/",[72591],{"data":72592,"marks":72593,"value":72595,"nodeType":865},{},[72594],{"type":943},"IM apps",{"data":72597,"marks":72598,"value":72599,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (such as Slack and Teams), as well as ",{"data":72601,"content":72602,"nodeType":889},{"uri":69260},[72603],{"data":72604,"marks":72605,"value":72607,"nodeType":865},{},[72606],{"type":943},"public messaging services",{"data":72609,"marks":72610,"value":72611,"nodeType":865},{},[]," like LinkedIn messenger and Reddit — bypassing email altogether. ",{"data":72613,"content":72614,"nodeType":866},{},[72615,72619,72628,72632,72639],{"data":72616,"marks":72617,"value":72618,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The latest trends indicate that attackers are responding to increasingly hardened IdP/SSO configuration by using alternative phishing techniques that circumvent MFA and passkeys, either by ",{"data":72620,"content":72622,"nodeType":889},{"uri":72621},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/mfa-downgrade/",[72623],{"data":72624,"marks":72625,"value":72627,"nodeType":865},{},[72626],{"type":943},"downgrading to a backup (less secure) authentication method",{"data":72629,"marks":72630,"value":72631,"nodeType":865},{},[],", or sidestepping the legitimate auth process entirely through methods like ",{"data":72633,"content":72634,"nodeType":889},{"uri":53094},[72635],{"data":72636,"marks":72637,"value":43661,"nodeType":865},{},[72638],{"type":943},{"data":72640,"marks":72641,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":72643,"content":72644,"nodeType":866},{},[72645,72649,72658],{"data":72646,"marks":72647,"value":72648,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers have also realized how much valuable data exists in Shadow SaaS highlighted by major SaaS breaches impacting apps like Snowflake. This is driving ",{"data":72650,"content":72652,"nodeType":889},{"uri":72651},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/saas-admins/",[72653],{"data":72654,"marks":72655,"value":72657,"nodeType":865},{},[72656],{"type":943},"broader targeting against apps like Slack, Mailchimp, Postman, GitHub, and other commonly-used business apps directly",{"data":72659,"marks":72660,"value":72661,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — bypassing IdPs (MS, Google, Okta, etc.) that typically have more robust authentication controls in place.",{"data":72663,"content":72666,"nodeType":912},{"target":72664},{"sys":72665},{"id":64269,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":72668,"content":72669,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":72671,"content":72672,"nodeType":981},{},[72673],{"data":72674,"marks":72675,"value":72677,"nodeType":865},{},[72676],{"type":926},"Using the phishing detection evasion techniques matrix",{"data":72679,"content":72680,"nodeType":866},{},[72681],{"data":72682,"marks":72683,"value":72684,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With so much attacker innovation happening in the phishing space, it’s tricky for security teams and solution vendors to have a big picture view of the subtle changes attackers are making to their phishing attacks, and precisely why they’re doing it — or more specifically, which detection techniques they’re evading. ",{"data":72686,"content":72687,"nodeType":866},{},[72688],{"data":72689,"marks":72690,"value":72691,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you look at one of the many phishing kit teardowns found in security blogs online (including our own) it can be hard to see the wood for the trees when it comes to understanding why a phishing page behaves in the way it does — why is it behaving in this way? What control exactly is this trying to get around? ",{"data":72693,"content":72694,"nodeType":866},{},[72695],{"data":72696,"marks":72697,"value":72698,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By creating a simple framework breaking down the categories of a phishing attack into phases, each with its own specific attacker objective, we can better understand phishing kit behavior and track meaningful changes over time. This ensures that we understand how we need to adapt to as an industry in order to detect and block these attacks. ",{"data":72700,"content":72701,"nodeType":866},{},[72702],{"data":72703,"marks":72704,"value":72705,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The matrix covers the following categories:",{"data":72707,"content":72708,"nodeType":1616},{},[72709,72724,72739,72754,72769,72784,72799,72814],{"data":72710,"content":72711,"nodeType":1570},{},[72712],{"data":72713,"content":72714,"nodeType":866},{},[72715,72720],{"data":72716,"marks":72717,"value":72719,"nodeType":865},{},[72718],{"type":926},"Phase 1: Targeting",{"data":72721,"marks":72722,"value":72723,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — Identifying apps and users to evade security controls and achieve the shortest time-to-impact of a phishing attack. ",{"data":72725,"content":72726,"nodeType":1570},{},[72727],{"data":72728,"content":72729,"nodeType":866},{},[72730,72735],{"data":72731,"marks":72732,"value":72734,"nodeType":865},{},[72733],{"type":926},"Phase 2: Link delivery",{"data":72736,"marks":72737,"value":72738,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — Deliver links using phishing vectors that evade traditional security controls. ",{"data":72740,"content":72741,"nodeType":1570},{},[72742],{"data":72743,"content":72744,"nodeType":866},{},[72745,72750],{"data":72746,"marks":72747,"value":72749,"nodeType":865},{},[72748],{"type":926},"Phase 3: Link camouflage",{"data":72751,"marks":72752,"value":72753,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — Masking malicious links to prevent detection at the email, network proxy, or safe browsing layer. ",{"data":72755,"content":72756,"nodeType":1570},{},[72757],{"data":72758,"content":72759,"nodeType":866},{},[72760,72765],{"data":72761,"marks":72762,"value":72764,"nodeType":865},{},[72763],{"type":926},"Phase 4: TI evasion ",{"data":72766,"marks":72767,"value":72768,"nodeType":865},{},[],"— Preventing TI feeds from flagging and blocking known-bad domains by masking or changing elements likely to be flagged.",{"data":72770,"content":72771,"nodeType":1570},{},[72772],{"data":72773,"content":72774,"nodeType":866},{},[72775,72780],{"data":72776,"marks":72777,"value":72779,"nodeType":865},{},[72778],{"type":926},"Phase 5: Anti-analysis",{"data":72781,"marks":72782,"value":72783,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — Techniques to defeat automated “sandbox” analysis tools by preventing security teams and bots from accessing the page.",{"data":72785,"content":72786,"nodeType":1570},{},[72787],{"data":72788,"content":72789,"nodeType":866},{},[72790,72795],{"data":72791,"marks":72792,"value":72794,"nodeType":865},{},[72793],{"type":926},"Phase 6: Page obfuscation",{"data":72796,"marks":72797,"value":72798,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — Obfuscating page elements to break detection signatures analysing page content and code. ",{"data":72800,"content":72801,"nodeType":1570},{},[72802],{"data":72803,"content":72804,"nodeType":866},{},[72805,72810],{"data":72806,"marks":72807,"value":72809,"nodeType":865},{},[72808],{"type":926},"Phase 7: Defeat MFA & CA",{"data":72811,"marks":72812,"value":72813,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — Defeat authentication and access controls in order to successfully execute the phishing attack.",{"data":72815,"content":72816,"nodeType":1570},{},[72817],{"data":72818,"content":72819,"nodeType":866},{},[72820,72825],{"data":72821,"marks":72822,"value":72824,"nodeType":865},{},[72823],{"type":926},"Phase 8: Account takeover",{"data":72826,"marks":72827,"value":72828,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — Achieve a form of account takeover and conclude the identity attack, enabling further exploitation to take place.",{"data":72830,"content":72831,"nodeType":866},{},[72832],{"data":72833,"marks":72834,"value":72835,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Combining techniques and approaches from these categories is what enables attackers to bypass the majority of phishing detection controls they encounter today. You typically find that the more advanced the phishing kit / attacker, the more techniques they’ll leverage. And as phishing infrastructure becomes increasingly templated and commodified with as-a-Service or for-hire models, the average phishing attack will employ more of these measures to counter security controls. ",{"data":72837,"content":72838,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":72840,"content":72841,"nodeType":981},{},[72842],{"data":72843,"marks":72844,"value":11295,"nodeType":865},{},[72845],{"type":926},{"data":72847,"content":72848,"nodeType":866},{},[72849,72852,72860],{"data":72850,"marks":72851,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":72853,"content":72854,"nodeType":889},{"uri":50798},[72855],{"data":72856,"marks":72857,"value":72859,"nodeType":865},{},[72858],{"type":943},"You can find the matrix here.",{"data":72861,"marks":72862,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":72864,"content":72865,"nodeType":866},{},[72866,72870,72877],{"data":72867,"marks":72868,"value":72869,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want to learn more about the research that led us to this point, and our take on how and why phishing attacks have evolved, ",{"data":72871,"content":72872,"nodeType":889},{"uri":68567},[72873],{"data":72874,"marks":72875,"value":72876,"nodeType":865},{},[],"you can also check out our latest whitepaper. ",{"data":72878,"marks":72879,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":72881,"content":72882,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":72884,"content":72885,"nodeType":981},{},[72886],{"data":72887,"marks":72888,"value":72890,"nodeType":865},{},[72889],{"type":926},"Get involved!",{"data":72892,"content":72893,"nodeType":866},{},[72894,72898,72904],{"data":72895,"marks":72896,"value":72897,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Like the ",{"data":72899,"content":72900,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10205},[72901],{"data":72902,"marks":72903,"value":9555,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":72905,"marks":72906,"value":72907,"nodeType":865},{},[],", we’d love to see the security community using and helping us to maintain this resource to ensure it stays up to date with techniques as they evolve. ",{"data":72909,"content":72910,"nodeType":866},{},[72911],{"data":72912,"marks":72913,"value":72914,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unlike the SaaS matrix, which we’ve seen mostly leveraged by offensive security practitioners, phishing detection evasion techniques are most useful to blue teamers looking to assess current detection capabilities and understand why certain attacks got through existing defenses. ",{"data":72916,"content":72917,"nodeType":866},{},[72918,72922,72930],{"data":72919,"marks":72920,"value":72921,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’d like to add techniques you’ve observed or examples that you think demonstrate them, ",{"data":72923,"content":72925,"nodeType":889},{"uri":72924},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/phishing-techniques",[72926],{"data":72927,"marks":72928,"value":72929,"nodeType":865},{},[],"get involved on GitHub!",{"data":72931,"marks":72932,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Introducing our latest resource for security teams breaking down the techniques that modern phishing attacks are using to evade detection. ","2025-08-06T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":72936},[72937,72939],{"sys":72938,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":72940,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":72942},[72943],{"fullName":13930,"firstName":13931,"jobTitle":13932,"profilePicture":72944},{"url":13934},"how-the-browser-became-the-main-cyber-battleground","blog/how-the-browser-became-the-main-cyber-battleground",{"json":72948},{"data":72949,"content":72950,"nodeType":1382},{},[72951],{"data":72952,"content":72953,"nodeType":866},{},[72954],{"data":72955,"marks":72956,"value":72957,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How attacks have moved away from endpoints and internal networks to the browser — a blind spot for traditional security tools.",{"id":72959,"publishedAt":72960},"31m73YMGdCyqVmjHulBwER","2026-08-12T11:53:53.682Z",{"items":72962},[72963,72965],{"sys":72964,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":72966,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":72968},[72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015,73017],{"sys":72970,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":72972,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":72974,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":72976,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":72978,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":72980,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":72982,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":72984,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45},{"id":374},{"sys":72986,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":72988,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":72990,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":72992,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":72994,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":72996,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":72998,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":73000,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":73002,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":73004,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":73006,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":73008,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":73010,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":73012,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":73014,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":73016,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":73018,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},"PonpZ2he3fGXpKQWTeIZC0k0nbZ5ZfYtQyn8NDwmYDI",{"id":73021,"title":73022,"authorsCollection":73023,"content":73028,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":73647,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":73649,"metaTitle":73650,"ogImage":59,"postType":12186,"publishedDate":73651,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":73652,"slug":75064,"stem":75065,"subtitle":59,"summary":75066,"synopsis":75077,"sys":75078,"tagsCollection":75081,"topicsCollection":75087,"__hash__":75115},"blog/blog/phishing-with-active-directory-federation-services.json","How attackers are using Active Directory Federation Services to phish with legit office.com links",{"items":73024},[73025],{"fullName":22471,"firstName":22472,"jobTitle":22473,"socialLinks":73026,"profilePicture":73027},[61119],{"url":22475},{"json":73029,"links":73615},{"data":73030,"content":73031,"nodeType":1382},{},[73032,73039,73046,73066,73073,73092,73099,73102,73110,73117,73124,73130,73137,73182,73224,73232,73239,73259,73295,73301,73308,73314,73321,73329,73359,73365,73368,73375,73395,73415,73445,73450,73453,73461,73468,73561,73564,73571,73587,73593,73599],{"data":73033,"content":73034,"nodeType":866},{},[73035],{"data":73036,"marks":73037,"value":73038,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Everything we do at Push is research-driven. Our detections for phishing attacks were created through hands-on analysis of phishing kits that our customers have been targeted with. This gives us a steady supply of all manner of modern Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing kits to analyze — from the classic Evilginx-style phish kit to professionalized criminal as-a-Service infrastructure. ",{"data":73040,"content":73041,"nodeType":866},{},[73042],{"data":73043,"marks":73044,"value":73045,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In our most recent phish kit teardown, we encountered a standard reverse-proxy clone of a Microsoft login page — nothing unusual at first glance. But increasingly, a lot of the innovation comes outside of the phishing page itself. ",{"data":73047,"content":73048,"nodeType":866},{},[73049,73053,73062],{"data":73050,"marks":73051,"value":73052,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The art in detection evasion comes from being able to successfully deliver the page to a user and have them open the page without it being intercepted by an email security, proxy scanner, URL TI feed, or web analysis tool. To achieve this, the attacker found a way to redirect from a legitimate ",{"data":73054,"content":73056,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73055},"http://outlook.office.com",[73057],{"data":73058,"marks":73059,"value":73061,"nodeType":865},{},[73060],{"type":943},"outlook.office.com",{"data":73063,"marks":73064,"value":73065,"nodeType":865},{},[]," link to a phishing website. ",{"data":73067,"content":73068,"nodeType":866},{},[73069],{"data":73070,"marks":73071,"value":73072,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is essentially an open redirect vulnerability — maybe not the classic example where someone has forgotten to do input sanitization on their website, but the outcome is the same.",{"data":73074,"content":73075,"nodeType":866},{},[73076,73080,73088],{"data":73077,"marks":73078,"value":73079,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Central to our analysis was the use of our timelines feature, ",{"data":73081,"content":73082,"nodeType":889},{"uri":69558},[73083],{"data":73084,"marks":73085,"value":73087,"nodeType":865},{},[73086],{"type":943},"part of our latest Detections feature release",{"data":73089,"marks":73090,"value":73091,"nodeType":865},{},[],". I’m not going to talk in any detail about this, but the TL;DR is that it allows us to trace back the entire chain of browsing activity leading up to a detection — showing the full (sometimes lengthy) redirect chain from the initial link delivery source to the actual phishing page, tabs opened and closed, popup windows, forms submitted, passwords entered, and more. ",{"data":73093,"content":73094,"nodeType":866},{},[73095],{"data":73096,"marks":73097,"value":73098,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First, let’s go through the steps of my investigation before looking at the findings (and the implications for phishing detection evasion techniques). ",{"data":73100,"content":73101,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":73103,"content":73104,"nodeType":981},{},[73105],{"data":73106,"marks":73107,"value":73109,"nodeType":865},{},[73108],{"type":926},"Investigation walkthrough",{"data":73111,"content":73112,"nodeType":866},{},[73113],{"data":73114,"marks":73115,"value":73116,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As I opened with, there was nothing especially notable about the phishing page itself — a standard reverse-proxy AitM page designed to intercept the user’s session as they authenticate, bypassing MFA in the process. ",{"data":73118,"content":73119,"nodeType":866},{},[73120],{"data":73121,"marks":73122,"value":73123,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This was not targeted delivery — employees from several customers were impacted. I’ve included an example of how one user arrived at the site below.",{"data":73125,"content":73129,"nodeType":912},{"target":73126},{"sys":73127},{"id":73128,"type":909,"linkType":910},"51MnOL9XqQDkllK2Jer4S9",[],{"data":73131,"content":73132,"nodeType":866},{},[73133],{"data":73134,"marks":73135,"value":73136,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This one stood out to me for a few reasons. ",{"data":73138,"content":73139,"nodeType":1616},{},[73140,73150,73172],{"data":73141,"content":73142,"nodeType":1570},{},[73143],{"data":73144,"content":73145,"nodeType":866},{},[73146],{"data":73147,"marks":73148,"value":73149,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The user had accessed the malicious link from Google search. They searched “Office 265\" (a typo presumably), clicked a link, and were taken to an Office login page.",{"data":73151,"content":73152,"nodeType":1570},{},[73153],{"data":73154,"content":73155,"nodeType":866},{},[73156,73160,73168],{"data":73157,"marks":73158,"value":73159,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Outlook link had a number of Google Ads tracking parameters attached, meaning they clicked an ad, not an organic link — making this a ",{"data":73161,"content":73163,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73162},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/malvertising/",[73164],{"data":73165,"marks":73166,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[73167],{"type":943},{"data":73169,"marks":73170,"value":73171,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attack. ",{"data":73173,"content":73174,"nodeType":1570},{},[73175],{"data":73176,"content":73177,"nodeType":866},{},[73178],{"data":73179,"marks":73180,"value":73181,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another domain — bluegraintours[.]com — was in the URL path, after which they were redirected to the Microsoft-impersonating phishing site (login-microsoftonline[.]offirmtm[.]com ...). ",{"data":73183,"content":73184,"nodeType":866},{},[73185,73189,73198,73202,73209,73213,73220],{"data":73186,"marks":73187,"value":73188,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This got me wondering — how did they get ",{"data":73190,"content":73192,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73191},"http://office.com",[73193],{"data":73194,"marks":73195,"value":73197,"nodeType":865},{},[73196],{"type":943},"office.com",{"data":73199,"marks":73200,"value":73201,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to redirect to the phishing site, and why was the bluegraintours domain in the path of an ",{"data":73203,"content":73204,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73191},[73205],{"data":73206,"marks":73207,"value":73197,"nodeType":865},{},[73208],{"type":943},{"data":73210,"marks":73211,"value":73212,"nodeType":865},{},[]," link? There was no indication that an actual phishing email was interacted with, it seemed to all happen directly from the legitimate ",{"data":73214,"content":73215,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73191},[73216],{"data":73217,"marks":73218,"value":73197,"nodeType":865},{},[73219],{"type":943},{"data":73221,"marks":73222,"value":73223,"nodeType":865},{},[]," link. ",{"data":73225,"content":73226,"nodeType":1317},{},[73227],{"data":73228,"marks":73229,"value":73231,"nodeType":865},{},[73230],{"type":926},"Redirecting to a malicious login page via ADFS",{"data":73233,"content":73234,"nodeType":866},{},[73235],{"data":73236,"marks":73237,"value":73238,"nodeType":865},{},[],"From memory, I knew that the tenant name can appear in the URL when you’re accessing a specific Microsoft tenant for your organization — essentially a domain-specific landing page. ",{"data":73240,"content":73241,"nodeType":866},{},[73242,73246,73255],{"data":73243,"marks":73244,"value":73245,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It turns out the attacker had set up a custom Microsoft tenant with ",{"data":73247,"content":73249,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73248},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-fs/ad-fs-overview",[73250],{"data":73251,"marks":73252,"value":73254,"nodeType":865},{},[73253],{"type":943},"Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)",{"data":73256,"marks":73257,"value":73258,"nodeType":865},{},[]," configured. If you’re not familiar, ADFS is an SSO solution that is often used to connect on-premises Active Directory with cloud services like Microsoft 365 or Azure Active Directory. This means Microsoft will perform the redirect to the custom malicious domain. ",{"data":73260,"content":73261,"nodeType":866},{},[73262,73266,73273,73277,73286,73290],{"data":73263,"marks":73264,"value":73265,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is strikingly similar to ",{"data":73267,"content":73268,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64575},[73269],{"data":73270,"marks":73271,"value":64581,"nodeType":865},{},[73272],{"type":943},{"data":73274,"marks":73275,"value":73276,"nodeType":865},{},[],", a technique I’ve ",{"data":73278,"content":73280,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73279},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/samljacking-a-poisoned-tenant/",[73281],{"data":73282,"marks":73283,"value":73285,"nodeType":865},{},[73284],{"type":943},"blogged about previously",{"data":73287,"marks":73288,"value":73289,"nodeType":865},{},[]," which allows you to change the identity provider domain that an application’s users authenticate through. Attackers can change this link to their phishing page that proxies the legitimate site to phish users through legitimate sign-in links — ",{"data":73291,"marks":73292,"value":73294,"nodeType":865},{},[73293],{"type":926},"so I guess that makes this ADFSjacking?",{"data":73296,"content":73300,"nodeType":912},{"target":73297},{"sys":73298},{"id":73299,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3BXyDhMC69355gLRqyIwQP",[],{"data":73302,"content":73303,"nodeType":866},{},[73304],{"data":73305,"marks":73306,"value":73307,"nodeType":865},{},[],"I had initially assumed that bluegraintours was a legitimate website that had been compromised by the attacker and used as a redirect, which is pretty common behavior for threat groups. However, it turns out that it’s actually a fake website that the attackers have probably vibe-coded. ",{"data":73309,"content":73313,"nodeType":912},{"target":73310},{"sys":73311},{"id":73312,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1hnWJ0jgsPqRELDqUeFzf3",[],{"data":73315,"content":73316,"nodeType":866},{},[73317],{"data":73318,"marks":73319,"value":73320,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth noting that this isn’t something that the phishing victim would see as part of the attack — it’s purely used as an invisible redirect. This is most likely to be an attempt to mask the nature of the domain for domain categorization purposes, which is typical for proxy-based solutions to prevent users from browsing to unapproved things — this way, automated scanners will classify it as a travel blog. ",{"data":73322,"content":73323,"nodeType":1317},{},[73324],{"data":73325,"marks":73326,"value":73328,"nodeType":865},{},[73327],{"type":926},"Conditional loading interrupted the page analysis",{"data":73330,"content":73331,"nodeType":866},{},[73332,73336,73344,73348,73355],{"data":73333,"marks":73334,"value":73335,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While the user was taken to the phishing page at the end of the chain, ",{"data":73337,"content":73339,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73338},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/conditional-loading/",[73340],{"data":73341,"marks":73342,"value":49245,"nodeType":865},{},[73343],{"type":943},{"data":73345,"marks":73346,"value":73347,"nodeType":865},{},[]," restrictions prevented us from recreating the full attack flow when loading the initial link clicked by the user. This happens when certain conditions of the page load aren’t met. Because the kit decides I’m not a valid target, I’m redirected back to ",{"data":73349,"content":73350,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73191},[73351],{"data":73352,"marks":73353,"value":73197,"nodeType":865},{},[73354],{"type":943},{"data":73356,"marks":73357,"value":73358,"nodeType":865},{},[],". However, we were able to skip ahead and bypass the conditional loading to access the phishing server directly. ",{"data":73360,"content":73364,"nodeType":912},{"target":73361},{"sys":73362},{"id":73363,"type":909,"linkType":910},"68rW6CHJOJ2u3mCc08lGvZ",[],{"data":73366,"content":73367,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":73369,"content":73370,"nodeType":981},{},[73371],{"data":73372,"marks":73373,"value":53226,"nodeType":865},{},[73374],{"type":926},{"data":73376,"content":73377,"nodeType":866},{},[73378,73382,73391],{"data":73379,"marks":73380,"value":73381,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While this isn’t a vulnerability per se, the ability for attackers to add their own Microsoft ADFS server to host their phishing page and have Microsoft redirect to it is a concerning development that will make URL-based detections even more challenging than they already are. ",{"data":73383,"content":73385,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73384},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/trusted-website-hosting/",[73386],{"data":73387,"marks":73388,"value":73390,"nodeType":865},{},[73389],{"type":943},"Hosting phishing links on trusted third-party websites",{"data":73392,"marks":73393,"value":73394,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is a highly effective way of both bypassing URL-based detections and implementing layers of obfuscation in their phishing delivery chain that can break automated analysis tools.  ",{"data":73396,"content":73397,"nodeType":866},{},[73398,73402,73411],{"data":73399,"marks":73400,"value":73401,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is basically the equivalent to ",{"data":73403,"content":73405,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73404},"http://outlook.com",[73406],{"data":73407,"marks":73408,"value":73410,"nodeType":865},{},[73409],{"type":943},"Outlook.com",{"data":73412,"marks":73413,"value":73414,"nodeType":865},{},[]," having an open redirect vulnerability, which would be a huge deal in the eyes of most security practitioners. In practice, it’s a little harder for the average attacker to make use of this, but anyone that is willing to create a Microsoft tenant and set up ADFS could create similar phishing infrastructure  — which only requires passing a credit card check. ",{"data":73416,"content":73417,"nodeType":866},{},[73418,73422,73429,73433,73441],{"data":73419,"marks":73420,"value":73421,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The other notable component to this attack is the use of ",{"data":73423,"content":73424,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73162},[73425],{"data":73426,"marks":73427,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[73428],{"type":943},{"data":73430,"marks":73431,"value":73432,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as the lure delivery channel. This is a trend we spotted recently with ",{"data":73434,"content":73435,"nodeType":889},{"uri":42047},[73436],{"data":73437,"marks":73438,"value":73440,"nodeType":865},{},[73439],{"type":943},"Scattered Spider’s use of Onfido-based malvertising lures",{"data":73442,"marks":73443,"value":73444,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Malvertising is a great way for attackers to sidestep phishing controls placed at the email layer (where the majority are) and, as in this case, can create a highly-convincing and difficult-to-spot phishing scenario.  ",{"data":73446,"content":73449,"nodeType":912},{"target":73447},{"sys":73448},{"id":48282,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":73451,"content":73452,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":73454,"content":73455,"nodeType":981},{},[73456],{"data":73457,"marks":73458,"value":73460,"nodeType":865},{},[73459],{"type":926},"Detection recommendations",{"data":73462,"content":73463,"nodeType":866},{},[73464],{"data":73465,"marks":73466,"value":73467,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are a couple of tool-agnostic hardening options that can used to limit exposure to the specifics of this attack:",{"data":73469,"content":73470,"nodeType":1616},{},[73471,73481,73502],{"data":73472,"content":73473,"nodeType":1570},{},[73474],{"data":73475,"content":73476,"nodeType":866},{},[73477],{"data":73478,"marks":73479,"value":73480,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Monitoring for ADFS redirects in proxy logs that could be malicious, i.e. login.microsoftonline.com redirecting to another domain with /adfs/ls/ in the path. Many organizations do not use ADFS, while those that do should be able to filter legitimate ones to their legitimate domain relatively easily. ",{"data":73482,"content":73483,"nodeType":1570},{},[73484],{"data":73485,"content":73486,"nodeType":866},{},[73487,73491,73498],{"data":73488,"marks":73489,"value":73490,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Monitoring for Google redirects to ",{"data":73492,"content":73493,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73191},[73494],{"data":73495,"marks":73496,"value":73197,"nodeType":865},{},[73497],{"type":943},{"data":73499,"marks":73500,"value":73501,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with Google ad parameters for more specific detection of malvertising + ADFS hijacking as in this example. ",{"data":73503,"content":73504,"nodeType":1570},{},[73505],{"data":73506,"content":73507,"nodeType":866},{},[73508,73512,73521,73524,73533,73536,73545,73548,73557],{"data":73509,"marks":73510,"value":73511,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Deploying ad blockers to all of your browsers to stop malvertising attacks — though this only serves to tackle one of the several possible delivery vectors, such as links delivered using ",{"data":73513,"content":73515,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73514},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/email-legitimate-app/",[73516],{"data":73517,"marks":73518,"value":73520,"nodeType":865},{},[73519],{"type":943},"legitimate third-party services",{"data":73522,"marks":73523,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73525,"content":73527,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73526},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/social-media/",[73528],{"data":73529,"marks":73530,"value":73532,"nodeType":865},{},[73531],{"type":943},"social media",{"data":73534,"marks":73535,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73537,"content":73539,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73538},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/instant-messenger/",[73540],{"data":73541,"marks":73542,"value":73544,"nodeType":865},{},[73543],{"type":943},"instant messenger",{"data":73546,"marks":73547,"value":13448,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73549,"content":73551,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73550},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/email-attachment/",[73552],{"data":73553,"marks":73554,"value":73556,"nodeType":865},{},[73555],{"type":943},"email attachment",{"data":73558,"marks":73559,"value":73560,"nodeType":865},{},[],". (This is one of the limitations of focusing on specific delivery mechanisms — attackers have more to choose from than ever before. It’s not just an email problem). ",{"data":73562,"content":73563,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":73565,"content":73566,"nodeType":981},{},[73567],{"data":73568,"marks":73569,"value":2270,"nodeType":865},{},[73570],{"type":926},{"data":73572,"content":73573,"nodeType":866},{},[73574,73578,73584],{"data":73575,"marks":73576,"value":73577,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push doesn’t detect the redirect tricks, or relies on outdated domain TI feeds. It doesn’t matter what ",{"data":73579,"content":73580,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[73581],{"data":73582,"marks":73583,"value":49401,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73585,"marks":73586,"value":69594,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73588,"content":73589,"nodeType":866},{},[73590],{"data":73591,"marks":73592,"value":71993,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73594,"content":73595,"nodeType":866},{},[73596],{"data":73597,"marks":73598,"value":72000,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73600,"content":73601,"nodeType":866},{},[73602,73605,73612],{"data":73603,"marks":73604,"value":72007,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73606,"content":73607,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},[73608],{"data":73609,"marks":73610,"value":72015,"nodeType":865},{},[73611],{"type":943},{"data":73613,"marks":73614,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":73616},{"hyperlink":73617,"inline":73618,"block":73619},[],[],[73620,73627,73633,73639,73645],{"sys":73621,"__typename":1390,"title":73622,"caption":73622,"layoutMode":59,"file":73623},{"id":73128},"Timeline from the detection event — in this case, the control was configured in “monitor” mode, so it was not automatically blocked. ",{"url":73624,"width":73625,"height":73626},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/40mzFhR7ZwbsVhuVQBPtmo/ffb413710cdcde1879b1246b140528da/image4.png",1818,1536,{"sys":73628,"__typename":1390,"title":73629,"caption":73629,"layoutMode":59,"file":73630},{"id":73299},"The authorization request being passed to the ADFS server for bluegraintours.",{"url":73631,"width":1402,"height":73632},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/29R1ECNuEmmzH61DIdZPNL/011f52d836662fb9e384880718ee6588/image2.png",818,{"sys":73634,"__typename":1390,"title":73635,"caption":73635,"layoutMode":59,"file":73636},{"id":73312},"Screen capture of the bluegraintours site, includes a fake blog with entries from \"John Doe\" and \"Jane Smith\" as well as fake addresses which were definite giveaways that this is a fake, likely AI-generated site.",{"url":73637,"width":1402,"height":73638},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1W3XqoHwF8BrQ71EbiG0MH/a07ca08d9c4395007104109466b9a336/image1.png",861,{"sys":73640,"__typename":1390,"title":73641,"caption":73641,"layoutMode":59,"file":73642},{"id":73363},"The very standard-looking malicious Microsoft login page. ",{"url":73643,"width":1402,"height":73644},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4kchCJSXKscISpZir2PJA9/4eb30043165a6a6ad27a7c74326832a5/image3.png",1320,{"sys":73646,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":54936,"buttonLabel":40008,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":54870},{"id":48282},{"items":73648},[],{},"Attackers are using legit Microsoft services for phishing","2025-08-12T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":73653},[73654,74098,74581],{"__typename":1429,"sys":73655,"content":73657,"title":74084,"synopsis":74085,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":74086,"slug":74087,"tagsCollection":74088,"authorsCollection":74094},{"id":73656},"4vPEPmjd8MOlARD7oXfOrj",{"json":73658},{"data":73659,"content":73660,"nodeType":1382},{},[73661,73678,73694,73700,73707,73714,73717,73725,73743,73750,73756,73763,73769,73776,73782,73789,73795,73802,73808,73811,73819,73837,73843,73851,73870,73878,73909,73916,73924,73940,73947,73966,73972,73975,73982,74001,74008,74013,74016,74023,74039,74045,74052,74058],{"data":73662,"content":73663,"nodeType":866},{},[73664,73668,73675],{"data":73665,"marks":73666,"value":73667,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push recently detected and blocked a high-risk LinkedIn phishing attack that demonstrated a number of crafty (and increasingly common) ",{"data":73669,"content":73670,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[73671],{"data":73672,"marks":73673,"value":19925,"nodeType":865},{},[73674],{"type":943},{"data":73676,"marks":73677,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73679,"content":73680,"nodeType":866},{},[73681,73685,73690],{"data":73682,"marks":73683,"value":73684,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing via LinkedIn is increasingly common, although it often goes undetected and unreported. This is to be expected when most of the industry’s data on phishing attacks comes from email security vendors and tools. In contrast to email-centric reporting, ",{"data":73686,"marks":73687,"value":73689,"nodeType":865},{},[73688],{"type":926},"34% of the phishing attacks intercepted by Push last month came through non-email channels",{"data":73691,"marks":73692,"value":73693,"nodeType":865},{},[]," like social media, IM platforms, malicious search engine ads, and in-app communications. ",{"data":73695,"content":73699,"nodeType":912},{"target":73696},{"sys":73697},{"id":73698,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7i8panfdFUqW9wqYkd9uDc",[],{"data":73701,"content":73702,"nodeType":866},{},[73703],{"data":73704,"marks":73705,"value":73706,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing via LinkedIn is a great way to catch victims unawares and evade traditionally email-based anti-phishing controls. While often used for work and commonly accessed from corporate devices, it sits outside the purview of enterprise security tools, exploiting a visibility and control blind spot. ",{"data":73708,"content":73709,"nodeType":866},{},[73710],{"data":73711,"marks":73712,"value":73713,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s break it down. ",{"data":73715,"content":73716,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":73718,"content":73719,"nodeType":981},{},[73720],{"data":73721,"marks":73722,"value":73724,"nodeType":865},{},[73723],{"type":926},"Phishing attack breakdown",{"data":73726,"content":73727,"nodeType":866},{},[73728,73732,73740],{"data":73729,"marks":73730,"value":73731,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The victim was sent a malicious link via LinkedIn DM relating to a fake investment opportunity for executives ",{"data":73733,"content":73735,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73734},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/linkedin-phishing-targets-finance-execs-with-fake-board-invites/",[73736],{"data":73737,"marks":73738,"value":73739,"nodeType":865},{},[],"to join the executive board of a newly created \"Common Wealth\" investment fund.",{"data":73741,"marks":73742,"value":2688,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73744,"content":73745,"nodeType":866},{},[73746],{"data":73747,"marks":73748,"value":73749,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After clicking the link, they were redirected three times — via Google Search, and then payrails-canaccord[.]icu/(redacted) — before being sent to a custom landing page hosted on firebasestorage.googleapis[.]com/(redacted). ",{"data":73751,"content":73755,"nodeType":912},{"target":73752},{"sys":73753},{"id":73754,"type":909,"linkType":910},"65PeJOKzn6Ba7FDUQRae3Q",[],{"data":73757,"content":73758,"nodeType":866},{},[73759],{"data":73760,"marks":73761,"value":73762,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Upon clicking on one of the document links on the page, the victim is prompted to “view with Microsoft”. ",{"data":73764,"content":73768,"nodeType":912},{"target":73765},{"sys":73766},{"id":73767,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4f27KuwTRx1Do59rs3JoVl",[],{"data":73770,"content":73771,"nodeType":866},{},[73772],{"data":73773,"marks":73774,"value":73775,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The user is then met with a Cloudflare Turnstile gate challenge at login.kggpho[.]icu before the page will fully render, and malicious content is loaded. ",{"data":73777,"content":73781,"nodeType":912},{"target":73778},{"sys":73779},{"id":73780,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3lpVmLBZSocOSGdlCKhKnD",[],{"data":73783,"content":73784,"nodeType":866},{},[73785],{"data":73786,"marks":73787,"value":73788,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Microsoft-impersonating AITM phishing page is then served to the victim. Entering credentials and completing the MFA check will result in their Microsoft session being stolen by the attacker. ",{"data":73790,"content":73794,"nodeType":912},{"target":73791},{"sys":73792},{"id":73793,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5FCa4EJwyux13K9KBT3nd4",[],{"data":73796,"content":73797,"nodeType":866},{},[73798],{"data":73799,"marks":73800,"value":73801,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can see the full timeline of events in the Detection Timeline below. ",{"data":73803,"content":73807,"nodeType":912},{"target":73804},{"sys":73805},{"id":73806,"type":909,"linkType":910},"8lizkPJcGdZhtWFV2QEwQ",[],{"data":73809,"content":73810,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":73812,"content":73813,"nodeType":981},{},[73814],{"data":73815,"marks":73816,"value":73818,"nodeType":865},{},[73817],{"type":926},"Detection evasion techniques observed",{"data":73820,"content":73821,"nodeType":866},{},[73822,73826,73833],{"data":73823,"marks":73824,"value":73825,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker used a number of ",{"data":73827,"content":73828,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7093},[73829],{"data":73830,"marks":73831,"value":19925,"nodeType":865},{},[73832],{"type":943},{"data":73834,"marks":73835,"value":73836,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to prevent the phishing site being analysed and detected by security tools. ",{"data":73838,"content":73842,"nodeType":912},{"target":73839},{"sys":73840},{"id":73841,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7q9D1MREwTCCpnjvZZ5wk1",[],{"data":73844,"content":73845,"nodeType":1317},{},[73846],{"data":73847,"marks":73848,"value":73850,"nodeType":865},{},[73849],{"type":926},"LinkedIn delivery",{"data":73852,"content":73853,"nodeType":866},{},[73854,73858,73866],{"data":73855,"marks":73856,"value":73857,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we mentioned above, sending phishing lures via ",{"data":73859,"content":73860,"nodeType":889},{"uri":69260},[73861],{"data":73862,"marks":73863,"value":73865,"nodeType":865},{},[73864],{"type":943},"social media apps",{"data":73867,"marks":73868,"value":73869,"nodeType":865},{},[]," like LinkedIn is a great way to reach employees in a place that they expect to be contacted by people outside of their organization. By evading the traditional phishing control point altogether (email) attackers significantly reduce the risk of interception. ",{"data":73871,"content":73872,"nodeType":1317},{},[73873],{"data":73874,"marks":73875,"value":73877,"nodeType":865},{},[73876],{"type":926},"Lengthy redirect chain through trusted sites",{"data":73879,"content":73880,"nodeType":866},{},[73881,73885,73893,73897,73905],{"data":73882,"marks":73883,"value":73884,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers use ",{"data":73886,"content":73887,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7216},[73888],{"data":73889,"marks":73890,"value":73892,"nodeType":865},{},[73891],{"type":943},"lengthy redirect chains",{"data":73894,"marks":73895,"value":73896,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in combination with hosting pages on ",{"data":73898,"content":73899,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64407},[73900],{"data":73901,"marks":73902,"value":73904,"nodeType":865},{},[73903],{"type":943},"legitimate, trusted sites",{"data":73906,"marks":73907,"value":73908,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (in this case Firebase, Google’s app development platform). This is a technique we see a lot, with various Google and Microsoft sites cropping up time and again, including Google Forms, Google Sites, Google Script, Google AMP, Microsoft Dynamics, SharePoint, Azure Front Door, and many more, all used by attackers as part of their phishing attacks. ",{"data":73910,"content":73911,"nodeType":866},{},[73912],{"data":73913,"marks":73914,"value":73915,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Legitimate services are less likely to be flagged by link analysis tools and effectively cloak the initial URL delivered to the victim to increase the chance of successful delivery of and access to the link, while many services are excluded from page scanning tools owing to their association with trusted domains. ",{"data":73917,"content":73918,"nodeType":1317},{},[73919],{"data":73920,"marks":73921,"value":73923,"nodeType":865},{},[73922],{"type":926},"Bot protection",{"data":73925,"content":73926,"nodeType":866},{},[73927,73930,73937],{"data":73928,"marks":73929,"value":60269,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73931,"content":73932,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60272},[73933],{"data":73934,"marks":73935,"value":60278,"nodeType":865},{},[73936],{"type":943},{"data":73938,"marks":73939,"value":60282,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73941,"content":73942,"nodeType":1317},{},[73943],{"data":73944,"marks":73945,"value":64212,"nodeType":865},{},[73946],{"type":926},{"data":73948,"content":73949,"nodeType":866},{},[73950,73954,73962],{"data":73951,"marks":73952,"value":73953,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing pages ",{"data":73955,"content":73956,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60371},[73957],{"data":73958,"marks":73959,"value":73961,"nodeType":865},{},[73960],{"type":943},"change and even randomize elements of the page",{"data":73963,"marks":73964,"value":73965,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to avoid static fingerprints and defeat comparison-based checks against real pages. This includes the page title, text, images, backgrounds, logos, favicons, etc. — all of which may be signatured components using web page analysis tools. These elements can even be embedded in an encoded form so it isn’t present in the initial HTML, and is instead dynamically set at runtime when loaded. As an example, you can see that the page randomly generated the tab header text.",{"data":73967,"content":73971,"nodeType":912},{"target":73968},{"sys":73969},{"id":73970,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2bbOZC9M4y69ACDy7bn209",[],{"data":73973,"content":73974,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":73976,"content":73977,"nodeType":981},{},[73978],{"data":73979,"marks":73980,"value":7083,"nodeType":865},{},[73981],{"type":926},{"data":73983,"content":73984,"nodeType":866},{},[73985,73989,73997],{"data":73986,"marks":73987,"value":73988,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re seeing ",{"data":73990,"content":73991,"nodeType":889},{"uri":937},[73992],{"data":73993,"marks":73994,"value":73996,"nodeType":865},{},[73995],{"type":943},"many phishing campaigns pivoting to social media apps like LinkedIn",{"data":73998,"marks":73999,"value":74000,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and organizations should be on guard against this attack vector, which is highly effective at evading common anti-phishing controls.  ",{"data":74002,"content":74003,"nodeType":866},{},[74004],{"data":74005,"marks":74006,"value":74007,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Just because the attack happens over LinkedIn doesn’t lessen the impact — these are corporate credentials and accounts being targeted, even if it is nominally a “personal” application. 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awareness grows around many MFA methods being “phishable” (i.e. not phishing resistant), passwordless authentication methods are being increasingly advocated. ",{"data":76490,"content":76491,"nodeType":866},{},[76492],{"data":76493,"marks":76494,"value":76495,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is a good thing. The most commonly used MFA factors (like SMS codes, push notifications, and app-based OTP) are routinely bypassed, with modern reverse-proxy phishing kits the most common method. ",{"data":76497,"content":76501,"nodeType":912},{"target":76498},{"sys":76499},{"id":76500,"type":909,"linkType":910},"ImwzE2R9qaHaqlWn0GqIa",[],{"data":76503,"content":76504,"nodeType":866},{},[76505,76509,76514,76518,76523],{"data":76506,"marks":76507,"value":76508,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Often referred to as a “passkey”, passwordless authentication typically consists of a hardware security device that is built-into your laptop (e.g. the fingerprint sensor on a laptop) or something you plug into your device (e.g. a Yubikey). Because passkey-based logins are domain-bound, trying to use a passkey for ",{"data":76510,"marks":76511,"value":76513,"nodeType":865},{},[76512],{"type":943},"microsoft.com",{"data":76515,"marks":76516,"value":76517,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on ",{"data":76519,"marks":76520,"value":76522,"nodeType":865},{},[76521],{"type":943},"phishing.com",{"data":76524,"marks":76525,"value":76526,"nodeType":865},{},[]," simply won’t generate the correct value to pass the authentication check, even when proxied using an AitM kit. ",{"data":76528,"content":76529,"nodeType":866},{},[76530,76534,76543],{"data":76531,"marks":76532,"value":76533,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, attackers have realized that even as these new phishing-resistant methods are starting to become used, most users still have alternative MFA methods active. The attacker can then do what’s called a ",{"data":76535,"content":76536,"nodeType":889},{"uri":67079},[76537],{"data":76538,"marks":76539,"value":76542,"nodeType":865},{},[76540,76541],{"type":943},{"type":926},"downgrade attack",{"data":76544,"marks":76545,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76547,"content":76548,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":76550,"content":76551,"nodeType":981},{},[76552],{"data":76553,"marks":76554,"value":76556,"nodeType":865},{},[76555],{"type":926},"Downgrade attacks 101",{"data":76558,"content":76559,"nodeType":866},{},[76560],{"data":76561,"marks":76562,"value":76563,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When conducting an Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing attack, the attacker doesn’t need to relay 100% of the messages accurately. Instead, they can alter some of them. The app might ask the user “You need to MFA — do you want to use your passkey, or your backup authenticator code?”, but the phishing website might modify this page to say “You need to MFA — use your backup authenticator code” not giving you the option to use your secure passkey. This is called a downgrade attack.",{"data":76565,"content":76566,"nodeType":866},{},[76567],{"data":76568,"marks":76569,"value":76570,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This can also be applied to accounts that use SSO as the default login method. In this scenario, the phish kit can select a backup username and password option to allow the phishing attack to proceed.  ",{"data":76572,"content":76573,"nodeType":866},{},[76574],{"data":76575,"marks":76576,"value":76578,"nodeType":865},{},[76577],{"type":926},"So, you have a situation where even if a phishing-resistant login method exists, the presence of a less secure backup method means the account is still vulnerable to phishing attacks. ",{"data":76580,"content":76581,"nodeType":866},{},[76582,76586,76595],{"data":76583,"marks":76584,"value":76585,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These attacks are effective across a number of sites and login methods that support passkey-based logins, for example, Windows Hello, Okta FastPass, and Google Workspace. As an example, here’s a link to a ",{"data":76587,"content":76589,"nodeType":889},{"uri":76588},"https://github.com/yudasm/WHfB-o365-Phishlet",[76590],{"data":76591,"marks":76592,"value":76594,"nodeType":865},{},[76593],{"type":943},"custom phishlet for Evilginx",{"data":76596,"marks":76597,"value":76598,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeting Windows Hello for Business. A small caveat is that changes made by Microsoft have since broken this plugin, but we were able to write our own custom phishlet to achieve the same outcome. ",{"data":76600,"content":76601,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":76603,"content":76604,"nodeType":981},{},[76605],{"data":76606,"marks":76607,"value":76609,"nodeType":865},{},[76608],{"type":926},"MFA downgrade in action",{"data":76611,"content":76612,"nodeType":866},{},[76613],{"data":76614,"marks":76615,"value":76616,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check out the video below to see an example of using Evilginx with a custom phishlet to downgrade authentication for a Microsoft account using Windows Hello. ",{"data":76618,"content":76621,"nodeType":912},{"target":76619},{"sys":76620},{"id":70527,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":76623,"content":76624,"nodeType":866},{},[76625],{"data":76626,"marks":76627,"value":76628,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve encountered similar functionality in criminal phishing platforms we’ve investigated such as Tycoon — in this case, targeting Google accounts. This snippet is notable in that it includes JavaScript to abuse UI features to bypass passkeys.",{"data":76630,"content":76634,"nodeType":912},{"target":76631},{"sys":76632},{"id":76633,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5Vya1VApSisr0000HuTLY2",[],{"data":76636,"content":76637,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":76639,"content":76640,"nodeType":981},{},[76641],{"data":76642,"marks":76643,"value":76645,"nodeType":865},{},[76644],{"type":926},"Mitigations (and challenges)",{"data":76647,"content":76648,"nodeType":866},{},[76649],{"data":76650,"marks":76651,"value":76652,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA downgrade is made possible by the existence of backup authentication methods. So the obvious solution is to remove backup/unused login and MFA methods from your accounts, ensuring you’re accessing apps using SSO from a hardened Identity Provider (IdP) account (e.g. Okta, Entra, Google Workspace). ",{"data":76654,"content":76655,"nodeType":866},{},[76656],{"data":76657,"marks":76658,"value":76659,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the ideal world, you’d be:",{"data":76661,"content":76662,"nodeType":1616},{},[76663,76673],{"data":76664,"content":76665,"nodeType":1570},{},[76666],{"data":76667,"content":76668,"nodeType":866},{},[76669],{"data":76670,"marks":76671,"value":76672,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using only one IdP account, which you access via passkey, with no backup methods.",{"data":76674,"content":76675,"nodeType":1570},{},[76676],{"data":76677,"content":76678,"nodeType":866},{},[76679],{"data":76680,"marks":76681,"value":76682,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Accessing all business apps using SSO from your locked-down IdP account. ",{"data":76684,"content":76685,"nodeType":866},{},[76686],{"data":76687,"marks":76688,"value":76689,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The reality is way different, though. Because going totally passwordless is hard. It requires a large investment of time, money, and training for end-users. You’ll find many cautionary tales of companies starting on their passkey adoption journey and ultimately failing to make it a reality. This is largely because:",{"data":76691,"content":76692,"nodeType":1616},{},[76693,76703,76713],{"data":76694,"content":76695,"nodeType":1570},{},[76696],{"data":76697,"content":76698,"nodeType":866},{},[76699],{"data":76700,"marks":76701,"value":76702,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In environments with a mix of older and newer infrastructure, it can be challenging to get complete coverage. ",{"data":76704,"content":76705,"nodeType":1570},{},[76706],{"data":76707,"content":76708,"nodeType":866},{},[76709],{"data":76710,"marks":76711,"value":76712,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Not every device comes with an in-built biometric identification method, so you need to use a second device — which employees may struggle with (especially when they lose it and aren’t familiar with how to regain account access).",{"data":76714,"content":76715,"nodeType":1570},{},[76716],{"data":76717,"content":76718,"nodeType":866},{},[76719],{"data":76720,"marks":76721,"value":76722,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most apps don’t allow you to log in directly with a passkey, meaning you need to SSO from your IdP account. But many apps don’t support every preferred SSO provider, and fail to provide SAML support, so there can be gaps.  ",{"data":76724,"content":76725,"nodeType":866},{},[76726],{"data":76727,"marks":76728,"value":76729,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And ultimately, because of the self-service, product-led growth fuelled nature of most online services today, it’s easy for users to slip back into using passwords — and hard for security teams to find and remove them (particularly if an app isn’t centrally managed). And the level of support that different apps provide users and administrators to secure how they access their services varies significantly. ",{"data":76731,"content":76732,"nodeType":1317},{},[76733],{"data":76734,"marks":76735,"value":76737,"nodeType":865},{},[76736],{"type":926},"Most apps make removing phishable authentication hard",{"data":76739,"content":76740,"nodeType":866},{},[76741,76745,76753],{"data":76742,"marks":76743,"value":76744,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While some providers are taking steps to go passwordless by default, which makes it easier to remove passwords (e.g. ",{"data":76746,"content":76748,"nodeType":889},{"uri":76747},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/microsoft-entra-blog/introducing-password-removal-for-microsoft-accounts/2747280",[76749],{"data":76750,"marks":76751,"value":19700,"nodeType":865},{},[76752],{"type":943},{"data":76754,"marks":76755,"value":76756,"nodeType":865},{},[]," recently made a big deal of its desire to get rid of passwords), the quality of identity security management functionality varies significantly from app to app. ",{"data":76758,"content":76759,"nodeType":866},{},[76760],{"data":76761,"marks":76762,"value":76763,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Many apps default to the most recently used or strongest login method, but very few automatically lock you in to using the strongest method available. Most of the time, these kinds of controls also need to be configured in the app — which can be challenging if your security team doesn’t manage it (or simply isn’t aware of it). ",{"data":76765,"content":76769,"nodeType":912},{"target":76766},{"sys":76767},{"id":76768,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4X9MR0CbSMltOmw767XNOm",[],{"data":76771,"content":76772,"nodeType":866},{},[76773,76777,76782,76786,76793],{"data":76774,"marks":76775,"value":76776,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, configuring MFA is often an additive process — you start by adding a phone number, then you add an authenticator app or a passkey. Just like we find that most accounts with SSO ",{"data":76778,"marks":76779,"value":76781,"nodeType":865},{},[76780],{"type":926},"also",{"data":76783,"marks":76784,"value":76785,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have a password login configured (also known as ",{"data":76787,"content":76788,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37262},[76789],{"data":76790,"marks":76791,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[76792],{"type":943},{"data":76794,"marks":76795,"value":76796,"nodeType":865},{},[],"), most accounts with MFA typically have multiple methods attached to their account. ",{"data":76798,"content":76799,"nodeType":866},{},[76800,76804,76811,76814,76822],{"data":76801,"marks":76802,"value":76803,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The result is that even if you can successfully lock down a handful of apps, many more will continue to be susceptible to phishing attacks using commonly available downgrade functionality. And as attackers diversify the apps they target (such as these recent examples targeting ",{"data":76805,"content":76806,"nodeType":889},{"uri":42047},[76807],{"data":76808,"marks":76809,"value":42053,"nodeType":865},{},[76810],{"type":943},{"data":76812,"marks":76813,"value":6889,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76815,"content":76816,"nodeType":889},{"uri":16250},[76817],{"data":76818,"marks":76819,"value":76821,"nodeType":865},{},[76820],{"type":943},"MailChimp",{"data":76823,"marks":76824,"value":76825,"nodeType":865},{},[],"), this becomes increasingly likely. ",{"data":76827,"content":76828,"nodeType":1317},{},[76829],{"data":76830,"marks":76831,"value":76833,"nodeType":865},{},[76832],{"type":926},"Conditional access is a useful mitigation if configured properly, but only on apps which support it",{"data":76835,"content":76836,"nodeType":866},{},[76837],{"data":76838,"marks":76839,"value":76840,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Conditional access policies are a useful last line of defense against account takeover attacks by denying logins that don't meet certain criteria, even if they user is able to authenticate. In larger IdP platforms that typically support more granular conditional access policies, this is a useful addition when configured correctly. However, many apps simply don't support conditional access, so will be vulnerable to attackers targeting them directly (as opposed to first logging into e.g. Microsoft or Google, and then accessing downstream apps via SSO). ",{"data":76842,"content":76843,"nodeType":866},{},[76844],{"data":76845,"marks":76846,"value":76847,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That said, locking down your core IdP platforms with robust conditional access should be a top priority for security teams. Useful policies that should be configured include:",{"data":76849,"content":76850,"nodeType":1616},{},[76851,76861,76871],{"data":76852,"content":76853,"nodeType":1570},{},[76854],{"data":76855,"content":76856,"nodeType":866},{},[76857],{"data":76858,"marks":76859,"value":76860,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Limiting logins to domain-joined devices.",{"data":76862,"content":76863,"nodeType":1570},{},[76864],{"data":76865,"content":76866,"nodeType":866},{},[76867],{"data":76868,"marks":76869,"value":76870,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Set phishing-resistant MFA as required. ",{"data":76872,"content":76873,"nodeType":1570},{},[76874],{"data":76875,"content":76876,"nodeType":866},{},[76877],{"data":76878,"marks":76879,"value":76880,"nodeType":865},{},[],"(Where possible) limit logins to trusted IP ranges. ",{"data":76882,"content":76883,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":76885,"content":76886,"nodeType":981},{},[76887],{"data":76888,"marks":76889,"value":76891,"nodeType":865},{},[76890],{"type":926},"Tackling MFA downgrade with Push Security",{"data":76893,"content":76894,"nodeType":866},{},[76895,76899,76907],{"data":76896,"marks":76897,"value":76898,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys are key to the future of enterprise identity security, but organizations need to recognize that adopting passkeys isn’t a silver bullet. Ensuring that passkeys are the only authentication method supported by your business apps is no mean feat, considering ",{"data":76900,"content":76901,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25244},[76902],{"data":76903,"marks":76904,"value":76906,"nodeType":865},{},[76905],{"type":943},"most organizations are using hundreds of them",{"data":76908,"marks":76909,"value":76910,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — all with their own specific ways of handling and administering identities. ",{"data":76912,"content":76913,"nodeType":866},{},[76914],{"data":76915,"marks":76916,"value":76917,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s why we support a layered defense, providing last-mile protection by:",{"data":76919,"content":76920,"nodeType":1616},{},[76921,76931],{"data":76922,"content":76923,"nodeType":1570},{},[76924],{"data":76925,"content":76926,"nodeType":866},{},[76927],{"data":76928,"marks":76929,"value":76930,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Intercepting and blocking phishing attacks in the browser to prevent AiTM attacks using downgrade techniques.",{"data":76932,"content":76933,"nodeType":1570},{},[76934],{"data":76935,"content":76936,"nodeType":866},{},[76937],{"data":76938,"marks":76939,"value":76940,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identifying backup MFA and login methods across the business apps your employees use, so they can be removed (individually or through app-level configuration changes).",{"data":76942,"content":76943,"nodeType":866},{},[76944],{"data":76945,"marks":76946,"value":76947,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here’s how it works.",{"data":76949,"content":76953,"nodeType":912},{"target":76950},{"sys":76951},{"id":76952,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2uvItnfaOQZHa4a9BIIhRn",[],{"data":76955,"content":76956,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":76958,"content":76959,"nodeType":981},{},[76960],{"data":76961,"marks":76962,"value":76964,"nodeType":865},{},[76963],{"type":926},"Further reading",{"data":76966,"content":76967,"nodeType":866},{},[76968],{"data":76969,"marks":76970,"value":76971,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA downgrade is just one method of getting into an otherwise locked-down account. Attackers are also finding ways to bypass the standard authentication process entirely, through: ",{"data":76973,"content":76974,"nodeType":1616},{},[76975,77008,77041,77061],{"data":76976,"content":76977,"nodeType":1570},{},[76978],{"data":76979,"content":76980,"nodeType":866},{},[76981,76984,76992,76996,77005],{"data":76982,"marks":76983,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76985,"content":76986,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70642},[76987],{"data":76988,"marks":76989,"value":76991,"nodeType":865},{},[76990],{"type":943},"App-specific password phishing",{"data":76993,"marks":76994,"value":76995,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where attackers can abuse functionality designed to enable users to log into apps that don’t support modern authentication. (",{"data":76997,"content":76999,"nodeType":889},{"uri":76998},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/app-specific-password-phishing/",[77000],{"data":77001,"marks":77002,"value":77004,"nodeType":865},{},[77003],{"type":943},"Read the article for more information here",{"data":77006,"marks":77007,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77009,"content":77010,"nodeType":1570},{},[77011],{"data":77012,"content":77013,"nodeType":866},{},[77014,77017,77024,77028,77037],{"data":77015,"marks":77016,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77018,"content":77019,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43655},[77020],{"data":77021,"marks":77022,"value":48024,"nodeType":865},{},[77023],{"type":943},{"data":77025,"marks":77026,"value":77027,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which sees the victim accept OAuth scopes for an attacker-controlled app integration granting access to the account without needing to directly compromise it. (",{"data":77029,"content":77031,"nodeType":889},{"uri":77030},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-consent-phishing-is-evolving/",[77032],{"data":77033,"marks":77034,"value":77036,"nodeType":865},{},[77035],{"type":943},"You can read more about recent examples here",{"data":77038,"marks":77039,"value":77040,"nodeType":865},{},[],".) ",{"data":77042,"content":77043,"nodeType":1570},{},[77044],{"data":77045,"content":77046,"nodeType":866},{},[77047,77050,77057],{"data":77048,"marks":77049,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77051,"content":77052,"nodeType":889},{"uri":19509},[77053],{"data":77054,"marks":77055,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[77056],{"type":943},{"data":77058,"marks":77059,"value":77060,"nodeType":865},{},[],", functionally very similar to consent phishing but involving the victim entering a code for authorization. ",{"data":77062,"content":77063,"nodeType":1570},{},[77064],{"data":77065,"content":77066,"nodeType":866},{},[77067,77070,77077,77081,77090],{"data":77068,"marks":77069,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77071,"content":77072,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70665},[77073],{"data":77074,"marks":77075,"value":61793,"nodeType":865},{},[77076],{"type":943},{"data":77078,"marks":77079,"value":77080,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which sees the attacker register a new IdP connected to the victim’s email account that can be used to access connected apps via SSO without directly compromising the primary IdP. (",{"data":77082,"content":77084,"nodeType":889},{"uri":77083},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/a-new-class-of-phishing-verification-phishing-and-cross-idp-impersonation/",[77085],{"data":77086,"marks":77087,"value":77089,"nodeType":865},{},[77088],{"type":943},"You can read more about this here",{"data":77091,"marks":77092,"value":77093,"nodeType":865},{},[],".)",{"data":77095,"content":77096,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":77098,"content":77099,"nodeType":981},{},[77100],{"data":77101,"marks":77102,"value":11295,"nodeType":865},{},[77103],{"type":926},{"data":77105,"content":77106,"nodeType":866},{},[77107],{"data":77108,"marks":77109,"value":77110,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more.",{"data":77112,"content":77113,"nodeType":866},{},[77114,77117,77124],{"data":77115,"marks":77116,"value":72007,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77118,"content":77119,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},[77120],{"data":77121,"marks":77122,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[77123],{"type":943},{"data":77125,"marks":77126,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA downgrade: How attackers are getting around phishing-resistant authentication","MFA downgrade attacks are an increasingly common technique used by attackers to bypass phishing-resistant authentication methods registered to an account.","2025-07-21T00:00:00.000Z","mfa-downgrade-attacks",{"items":77132},[77133,77135],{"sys":77134,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":77136,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":77138},[77139],{"fullName":22471,"firstName":22472,"jobTitle":22473,"profilePicture":77140},{"url":22475},{"__typename":1429,"sys":77142,"content":77144,"title":77756,"synopsis":77757,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":77758,"slug":77759,"tagsCollection":77760,"authorsCollection":77766},{"id":77143},"XQHcBu5kiSBd6MMwICYI4",{"json":77145},{"data":77146,"content":77147,"nodeType":1382},{},[77148,77155,77162,77170,77199,77206,77212,77215,77223,77230,77237,77280,77287,77294,77297,77305,77312,77319,77326,77344,77351,77357,77365,77372,77379,77386,77392,77395,77403,77411,77418,77426,77433,77495,77502,77510,77517,77550,77558,77565,77573,77580,77588,77595,77648,77655,77658,77666,77673,77690,77723,77744,77750],{"data":77149,"content":77150,"nodeType":866},{},[77151],{"data":77152,"marks":77153,"value":77154,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing has undergone a radical transformation. The laughably bad emails and fake PayPal logins of the past have given way to sophisticated campaigns engineered to slip through even the most hardened security stacks. ",{"data":77156,"content":77157,"nodeType":866},{},[77158],{"data":77159,"marks":77160,"value":77161,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Today’s phishing attacks are faster, more adaptable, and harder to catch with traditional tools. Email filters and threat intel still play an important role, but they’re often reacting to threats that are already in motion, and by the time a phishing link is flagged and blocklisted, someone has probably already clicked — and the attacker has moved onto their next set of links.",{"data":77163,"content":77164,"nodeType":866},{},[77165],{"data":77166,"marks":77167,"value":77169,"nodeType":865},{},[77168],{"type":926},"The problem isn’t that phishing has evolved. It’s that our defenses haven’t.",{"data":77171,"content":77172,"nodeType":866},{},[77173,77177,77186,77190,77195],{"data":77174,"marks":77175,"value":77176,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s where ",{"data":77178,"content":77180,"nodeType":889},{"uri":77179},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/zero-day-phishing-protection",[77181],{"data":77182,"marks":77183,"value":77185,"nodeType":865},{},[77184],{"type":943},"Push Security",{"data":77187,"marks":77188,"value":77189,"nodeType":865},{},[]," comes in. By embedding real-time detection directly into the browser, the very place where phishing attacks unfold, Push offers a fundamentally new way to stop phishing: ",{"data":77191,"marks":77192,"value":77194,"nodeType":865},{},[77193],{"type":898},"as it happens",{"data":77196,"marks":77197,"value":77198,"nodeType":865},{},[],", regardless of whether or not the exact attack has ever been seen before. ",{"data":77200,"content":77201,"nodeType":866},{},[77202],{"data":77203,"marks":77204,"value":77205,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check out the video to see how it works. ",{"data":77207,"content":77211,"nodeType":912},{"target":77208},{"sys":77209},{"id":77210,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4LaKobadjp19jjocLXcW4E",[],{"data":77213,"content":77214,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":77216,"content":77217,"nodeType":981},{},[77218],{"data":77219,"marks":77220,"value":77222,"nodeType":865},{},[77221],{"type":926},"The modern phishing playground",{"data":77224,"content":77225,"nodeType":866},{},[77226],{"data":77227,"marks":77228,"value":77229,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing attacks today look nothing like the blunt instruments of a few years ago. These are fast, customized, and often completely ephemeral. A phishing domain might go live at 9 a.m., compromise scores of credentials, and be gone before lunch, long before it ever hits a threat intel feed.",{"data":77231,"content":77232,"nodeType":866},{},[77233],{"data":77234,"marks":77235,"value":77236,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modern attackers use:",{"data":77238,"content":77239,"nodeType":1616},{},[77240,77250,77260,77270],{"data":77241,"content":77242,"nodeType":1570},{},[77243],{"data":77244,"content":77245,"nodeType":866},{},[77246],{"data":77247,"marks":77248,"value":77249,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Dynamic content and user-adaptive emails that can be easily changed based on the target’s identity and environment.",{"data":77251,"content":77252,"nodeType":1570},{},[77253],{"data":77254,"content":77255,"nodeType":866},{},[77256],{"data":77257,"marks":77258,"value":77259,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Obfuscated URLs hidden behind trusted services (like Google Sites), making reputation analysis less than reliable.",{"data":77261,"content":77262,"nodeType":1570},{},[77263],{"data":77264,"content":77265,"nodeType":866},{},[77266],{"data":77267,"marks":77268,"value":77269,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Real-time proxying tools to clone login flows and harvest credentials.",{"data":77271,"content":77272,"nodeType":1570},{},[77273],{"data":77274,"content":77275,"nodeType":866},{},[77276],{"data":77277,"marks":77278,"value":77279,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Rapid-fire infrastructure rotation, making the attack’s infrastructure almost impossible to track in time.",{"data":77281,"content":77282,"nodeType":866},{},[77283],{"data":77284,"marks":77285,"value":77286,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These attacks often bypass traditional defenses entirely, not because the tools are broken, but because they were designed for a different era, one where phishing pages lived for days or weeks, not minutes.",{"data":77288,"content":77289,"nodeType":866},{},[77290],{"data":77291,"marks":77292,"value":77293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s not enough to know what was bad yesterday. You need to know what’s happening now.",{"data":77295,"content":77296,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":77298,"content":77299,"nodeType":981},{},[77300],{"data":77301,"marks":77302,"value":77304,"nodeType":865},{},[77303],{"type":926},"Why blocklists and perimeter defenses are falling behind",{"data":77306,"content":77307,"nodeType":866},{},[77308],{"data":77309,"marks":77310,"value":77311,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The security ecosystem has long depended on reputation-based systems: block the known bad, allow the rest. That worked when attackers reused infrastructure and relied on mass campaigns. Today’s adversaries have adapted.",{"data":77313,"content":77314,"nodeType":866},{},[77315],{"data":77316,"marks":77317,"value":77318,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Consider a scenario similar to the one from our video:",{"data":77320,"content":77321,"nodeType":866},{},[77322],{"data":77323,"marks":77324,"value":77325,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A staff member receives an email appearing to be from Microsoft Teams. It includes dynamic content that mirrors their actual environment, including their username, company logo, and real collaboration data. The embedded link takes them to a cloned Microsoft login page hosted on a benign-looking subdomain. The site is brand new. It’s not on any blocklist. Your email filter passes it. The employee logs in. Credentials and session tokens? Gone.",{"data":77327,"content":77328,"nodeType":866},{},[77329,77333,77340],{"data":77330,"marks":77331,"value":77332,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And that’s just step one. The attacker now pivots to connected apps like ",{"data":77334,"content":77335,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18342},[77336],{"data":77337,"marks":77338,"value":65786,"nodeType":865},{},[77339],{"type":943},{"data":77341,"marks":77342,"value":77343,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Confluence, or AWS, moving laterally through your cloud environment using the compromised credentials.",{"data":77345,"content":77346,"nodeType":866},{},[77347],{"data":77348,"marks":77349,"value":77350,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Traditional tools often miss these threats not due to a lack of sophistication, but because they’re looking from the outside in. The browser is where the attack actually unfolds. Without visibility there, key indicators of compromise go undetected.",{"data":77352,"content":77356,"nodeType":912},{"target":77353},{"sys":77354},{"id":77355,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1UGu43QxCiYofkeGtOMp5J",[],{"data":77358,"content":77359,"nodeType":981},{},[77360],{"data":77361,"marks":77362,"value":77364,"nodeType":865},{},[77363],{"type":926},"Rethinking where phishing defense happens",{"data":77366,"content":77367,"nodeType":866},{},[77368],{"data":77369,"marks":77370,"value":77371,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push changes where phishing protection happens, from upstream detection to point-of-interaction control. Instead of chasing malicious links through email gateways or external threat feeds, Push embeds lightweight, always-on protection directly, as users go about their work in the browser.",{"data":77373,"content":77374,"nodeType":866},{},[77375],{"data":77376,"marks":77377,"value":77378,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push monitors what’s happening in each session: how pages are built, how they behave, and how users interact with them. That means it can recognize when a login prompt doesn’t match your identity provider or when a script behaves like part of a phishing toolkit.",{"data":77380,"content":77381,"nodeType":866},{},[77382],{"data":77383,"marks":77384,"value":77385,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When Push identifies something suspicious, it takes action right away. Logins are interrupted before any data is exposed. Users get clear guidance in-browser. And security teams receive detailed telemetry that shows exactly what happened, who was targeted, and how the threat was stopped.",{"data":77387,"content":77391,"nodeType":912},{"target":77388},{"sys":77389},{"id":77390,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7Hu3kypFWwJAGOuQp0kYmU",[],{"data":77393,"content":77394,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":77396,"content":77397,"nodeType":981},{},[77398],{"data":77399,"marks":77400,"value":77402,"nodeType":865},{},[77401],{"type":926},"The benefits of browser-native phishing defense",{"data":77404,"content":77405,"nodeType":1317},{},[77406],{"data":77407,"marks":77408,"value":77410,"nodeType":865},{},[77409],{"type":926},"True zero-day protection",{"data":77412,"content":77413,"nodeType":866},{},[77414],{"data":77415,"marks":77416,"value":77417,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push doesn’t rely on known indicators of compromise. It evaluates the actual behavior and context of every session in real-time. Whether the phishing site was created 5 months ago or 5 minutes ago is irrelevant — Push detects it and shuts it down.",{"data":77419,"content":77420,"nodeType":1317},{},[77421],{"data":77422,"marks":77423,"value":77425,"nodeType":865},{},[77424],{"type":926},"Contextual threat detection",{"data":77427,"content":77428,"nodeType":866},{},[77429],{"data":77430,"marks":77431,"value":77432,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because Push operates in the browser, it sees everything:",{"data":77434,"content":77435,"nodeType":1616},{},[77436,77446,77456,77475,77485],{"data":77437,"content":77438,"nodeType":1570},{},[77439],{"data":77440,"content":77441,"nodeType":866},{},[77442],{"data":77443,"marks":77444,"value":77445,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The page layout",{"data":77447,"content":77448,"nodeType":1570},{},[77449],{"data":77450,"content":77451,"nodeType":866},{},[77452],{"data":77453,"marks":77454,"value":77455,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where the user came from",{"data":77457,"content":77458,"nodeType":1570},{},[77459],{"data":77460,"content":77461,"nodeType":866},{},[77462,77465,77472],{"data":77463,"marks":77464,"value":70863,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77466,"content":77467,"nodeType":889},{"uri":70866},[77468],{"data":77469,"marks":77470,"value":70872,"nodeType":865},{},[77471],{"type":943},{"data":77473,"marks":77474,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77476,"content":77477,"nodeType":1570},{},[77478],{"data":77479,"content":77480,"nodeType":866},{},[77481],{"data":77482,"marks":77483,"value":77484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What scripts are running",{"data":77486,"content":77487,"nodeType":1570},{},[77488],{"data":77489,"content":77490,"nodeType":866},{},[77491],{"data":77492,"marks":77493,"value":77494,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And where credentials are being sent",{"data":77496,"content":77497,"nodeType":866},{},[77498],{"data":77499,"marks":77500,"value":77501,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This context enables Push to stop even well-camouflaged phishing attempts, including AitM attacks that bypass MFA.",{"data":77503,"content":77504,"nodeType":1317},{},[77505],{"data":77506,"marks":77507,"value":77509,"nodeType":865},{},[77508],{"type":926},"Real-time interception of malicious activity",{"data":77511,"content":77512,"nodeType":866},{},[77513],{"data":77514,"marks":77515,"value":77516,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As soon as a phishing attempt is confirmed, the response is immediate:",{"data":77518,"content":77519,"nodeType":1616},{},[77520,77530,77540],{"data":77521,"content":77522,"nodeType":1570},{},[77523],{"data":77524,"content":77525,"nodeType":866},{},[77526],{"data":77527,"marks":77528,"value":77529,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credential entry is halted.",{"data":77531,"content":77532,"nodeType":1570},{},[77533],{"data":77534,"content":77535,"nodeType":866},{},[77536],{"data":77537,"marks":77538,"value":77539,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Sessions are revoked.",{"data":77541,"content":77542,"nodeType":1570},{},[77543],{"data":77544,"content":77545,"nodeType":866},{},[77546],{"data":77547,"marks":77548,"value":77549,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The user is protected without delay.",{"data":77551,"content":77552,"nodeType":1317},{},[77553],{"data":77554,"marks":77555,"value":77557,"nodeType":865},{},[77556],{"type":926},"Reduced incident response overhead",{"data":77559,"content":77560,"nodeType":866},{},[77561],{"data":77562,"marks":77563,"value":77564,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most phishing attacks end in hours of IR and expensive cleanup. With Push, attacks don’t escalate beyond the initial click. That means fewer compromised accounts, fewer escalations, and less fatigue on your security team.",{"data":77566,"content":77567,"nodeType":1317},{},[77568],{"data":77569,"marks":77570,"value":77572,"nodeType":865},{},[77571],{"type":926},"Empowered, educated users",{"data":77574,"content":77575,"nodeType":866},{},[77576],{"data":77577,"marks":77578,"value":77579,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push doesn’t just block phishing; it helps users learn from it. When someone interacts with a suspicious page, they get clear, actionable feedback right in the browser. Over time, these in-the-moment cues help build stronger phishing awareness across your workforce. 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And it doesn’t just alert, it actively helps you fix the issues, guiding users to take action when risks are found.",{"data":77656,"content":77657,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":77659,"content":77660,"nodeType":981},{},[77661],{"data":77662,"marks":77663,"value":77665,"nodeType":865},{},[77664],{"type":926},"Modern phishing requires a modern defense",{"data":77667,"content":77668,"nodeType":866},{},[77669],{"data":77670,"marks":77671,"value":77672,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing is no longer an email problem. It’s not even just a domain reputation problem. It’s an identity attack problem, and the only place you can see those attacks in action is inside the browser.",{"data":77674,"content":77675,"nodeType":866},{},[77676,77680,77687],{"data":77677,"marks":77678,"value":77679,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security gives you a new advantage: proactive, in-browser protection against modern phishing campaigns — ",{"data":77681,"content":77682,"nodeType":889},{"uri":77179},[77683],{"data":77684,"marks":77685,"value":77686,"nodeType":865},{},[],"even those with never-before-seen phishing sites",{"data":77688,"marks":77689,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77691,"content":77692,"nodeType":1616},{},[77693,77703,77713],{"data":77694,"content":77695,"nodeType":1570},{},[77696],{"data":77697,"content":77698,"nodeType":866},{},[77699],{"data":77700,"marks":77701,"value":77702,"nodeType":865},{},[],"See the phish happen.",{"data":77704,"content":77705,"nodeType":1570},{},[77706],{"data":77707,"content":77708,"nodeType":866},{},[77709],{"data":77710,"marks":77711,"value":77712,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stop it in real time.",{"data":77714,"content":77715,"nodeType":1570},{},[77716],{"data":77717,"content":77718,"nodeType":866},{},[77719],{"data":77720,"marks":77721,"value":77722,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Keep your workforce identities safe.",{"data":77724,"content":77725,"nodeType":866},{},[77726,77731,77739],{"data":77727,"marks":77728,"value":77730,"nodeType":865},{},[77729],{"type":926},"Want to see Push in action? 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Who are Scattered Spider?",{"data":80318,"content":80319,"nodeType":866},{},[80320],{"data":80321,"marks":80322,"value":80323,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider (also tracked as 0ktapus, Octo Tempest, Scatter Swine, Muddled Libra, and UNC3944) is a native English speaking, financially motivated criminal collective known for high-profile cyber breaches in recent years, including MoneyGram, Transport for London, Caesars, MGM Resorts, Clorox, DoorDash, Twilio, Reddit, Coinbase, MailChimp, Okta, HubSpot, Cloudflare, Activision, Pure Storage, and the ongoing Marks & Spencer, Co-op, and Harrods incidents.",{"data":80325,"content":80326,"nodeType":866},{},[80327,80331,80340,80343,80350],{"data":80328,"marks":80329,"value":80330,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider shares similar characteristics and TTPs with a number of named threat groups such as ",{"data":80332,"content":80334,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80333},"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-08/CSRB_Lapsus%24_508c.pdf",[80335],{"data":80336,"marks":80337,"value":80339,"nodeType":865},{},[80338],{"type":943},"Lapsus$, Yanluowang, Karakurt",{"data":80341,"marks":80342,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80344,"content":80345,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[80346],{"data":80347,"marks":80348,"value":3825,"nodeType":865},{},[80349],{"type":943},{"data":80351,"marks":80352,"value":80353,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (behind the Snowflake attacks in 2024).",{"data":80355,"content":80359,"nodeType":912},{"target":80356},{"sys":80357},{"id":80358,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4sgT2Jw3iODUTdG2oPOrFC",[],{"data":80361,"content":80362,"nodeType":1317},{},[80363],{"data":80364,"marks":80365,"value":80367,"nodeType":865},{},[80366],{"type":926},"Case study: MGM Resorts",{"data":80369,"content":80370,"nodeType":866},{},[80371,80375,80382,80386,80393],{"data":80372,"marks":80373,"value":80374,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of Scattered Spider’s most notorious and well-documented attacks was that affecting ",{"data":80376,"content":80377,"nodeType":889},{"uri":72185},[80378],{"data":80379,"marks":80380,"value":72191,"nodeType":865},{},[80381],{"type":943},{"data":80383,"marks":80384,"value":80385,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Scattered Spider socially engineered MGM Resorts helpdesk personnel bypass MFA and log into accounts for which they had acquired valid login credentials for via credential phishing and historical infostealer compromises. They specifically targeted accounts with Super Administrator privileges within MGM Resorts’ Okta tenant, which they then used to register a second, attacker-controlled IdP via ",{"data":80387,"content":80388,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37416},[80389],{"data":80390,"marks":80391,"value":37422,"nodeType":865},{},[80392],{"type":943},{"data":80394,"marks":80395,"value":80396,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which enabled them to impersonate any user within the Okta tenant. This then enabled them to abuse SSO access to downstream apps and platforms from various accounts, culminating in deployment of ransomware to around 100 ESXi servers and data exfiltration. ",{"data":80398,"content":80399,"nodeType":866},{},[80400,80404,80409,80413,80418,80422,80427,80431,80436],{"data":80401,"marks":80402,"value":80403,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The breach resulted in a ",{"data":80405,"marks":80406,"value":80408,"nodeType":865},{},[80407],{"type":926},"36-hour outage",{"data":80410,"marks":80411,"value":80412,"nodeType":865},{},[],", a ",{"data":80414,"marks":80415,"value":80417,"nodeType":865},{},[80416],{"type":926},"$100M ",{"data":80419,"marks":80420,"value":80421,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hit to its Q3 results, one-time cyber consulting fees in the region of ",{"data":80423,"marks":80424,"value":80426,"nodeType":865},{},[80425],{"type":926},"$10M",{"data":80428,"marks":80429,"value":80430,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and a class-action lawsuit later settled for ",{"data":80432,"marks":80433,"value":80435,"nodeType":865},{},[80434],{"type":926},"$45M",{"data":80437,"marks":80438,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80440,"content":80444,"nodeType":912},{"target":80441},{"sys":80442},{"id":80443,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2vYvBXqFeKt7Ix0Ynh8cZu",[],{"data":80446,"content":80447,"nodeType":1317},{},[80448],{"data":80449,"marks":80450,"value":80452,"nodeType":865},{},[80451],{"type":926},"Case Study: Snowflake",{"data":80454,"content":80455,"nodeType":866},{},[80456,80460,80467],{"data":80457,"marks":80458,"value":80459,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Members of Scattered Spider have been affiliated with ShinyHunters, the group behind the ",{"data":80461,"content":80462,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[80463],{"data":80464,"marks":80465,"value":80466,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Snowflake breaches in mid-2024",{"data":80468,"marks":80469,"value":80470,"nodeType":865},{},[],". ShinyHunters associates targeted ~165 organizations that were subjected to account takeover attacks using stolen credentials harvested from historical infostealer infections dating back as far as 2020, according to Mandiant’s investigation. In total, 9 public victims were named following the breach, collectively impacting hundreds of millions of people. Snowflake was a watershed moment that signalled the significant opportunity presented by identity attacks on cloud services. It demonstrated how comparatively unsophisticated methods (logging in to user accounts with stolen credentials and dumping the data) can have the same or greater impact as a traditional network or endpoint based cyber attack involving vulnerability exploitation, malware deployment, ransomware, etc.",{"data":80472,"content":80476,"nodeType":912},{"target":80473},{"sys":80474},{"id":80475,"type":909,"linkType":910},"49nJMPQjQ37Mfr2yWA56P3",[],{"data":80478,"content":80479,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":80481,"content":80482,"nodeType":981},{},[80483],{"data":80484,"marks":80485,"value":80487,"nodeType":865},{},[80486],{"type":926},"Arrests haven’t slowed Scattered Spider",{"data":80489,"content":80490,"nodeType":866},{},[80491],{"data":80492,"marks":80493,"value":80494,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In late 2024 following the Transport for London attacks (which resulted in prolonged disruption to key online services underpinning London’s public transport network, theft of 5,000 users bank details, and all 30,000 staff members having to reset their online credentials in person) a series of arrests were made in the UK and USA. ",{"data":80496,"content":80500,"nodeType":912},{"target":80497},{"sys":80498},{"id":80499,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2X2nyhO2hOqm9f0Le4lDC5",[],{"data":80502,"content":80503,"nodeType":866},{},[80504,80508,80517,80520,80529,80532,80541],{"data":80505,"marks":80506,"value":80507,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, this doesn’t seem to have impacted Scattered Spider’s ability to operate, with the ongoing campaign against UK retail companies including ",{"data":80509,"content":80511,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80510},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/marks-and-spencer-breach-linked-to-scattered-spider-ransomware-attack/",[80512],{"data":80513,"marks":80514,"value":80516,"nodeType":865},{},[80515],{"type":943},"Marks and Spencer",{"data":80518,"marks":80519,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80521,"content":80523,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80522},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/co-op-confirms-data-theft-after-dragonforce-ransomware-claims-attack/",[80524],{"data":80525,"marks":80526,"value":80528,"nodeType":865},{},[80527],{"type":943},"Co-op",{"data":80530,"marks":80531,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80533,"content":80535,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80534},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/harrods-the-next-uk-retailer-targeted-in-a-cyberattack/",[80536],{"data":80537,"marks":80538,"value":80540,"nodeType":865},{},[80539],{"type":943},"Harrods",{"data":80542,"marks":80543,"value":80544,"nodeType":865},{},[]," being strongly linked to Scattered Spider. Beginning on Easter weekend, the Marks and Spencer attack has had the biggest impact so far, resulting in severe disruption to the retailer with agency staff told not to come into work, online shopping services being taken offline, stores running low on products, £300M in lost profits, and almost £1B wiped off the company’s stock market valuation at one stage. ",{"data":80546,"content":80547,"nodeType":866},{},[80548,80552,80561,80564,80573,80576,80585,80588,80597,80600,80609,80612,80621,80624,80633,80637,80645,80648,80656,80659,80667,80670,80678,80681,80688,80691,80699],{"data":80549,"marks":80550,"value":80551,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A series of attacks against retailers worldwide soon followed, at an unprecedented rate. ",{"data":80553,"content":80555,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80554},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fashion-giant-dior-discloses-cyberattack-warns-of-data-breach/",[80556],{"data":80557,"marks":80558,"value":80560,"nodeType":865},{},[80559],{"type":943},"Dior",{"data":80562,"marks":80563,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80565,"content":80567,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80566},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/the-north-face-warns-customers-of-april-credential-stuffing-attack/",[80568],{"data":80569,"marks":80570,"value":80572,"nodeType":865},{},[80571],{"type":943},"The North Face",{"data":80574,"marks":80575,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80577,"content":80579,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80578},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/cartier-discloses-data-breach-amid-fashion-brand-cyberattacks/",[80580],{"data":80581,"marks":80582,"value":80584,"nodeType":865},{},[80583],{"type":943},"Cartier",{"data":80586,"marks":80587,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80589,"content":80591,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80590},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/victorias-secret-delays-earnings-release-after-security-incident/",[80592],{"data":80593,"marks":80594,"value":80596,"nodeType":865},{},[80595],{"type":943},"Victoria’s Secret",{"data":80598,"marks":80599,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80601,"content":80603,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80602},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/adidas-warns-of-data-breach-after-customer-service-provider-hack/",[80604],{"data":80605,"marks":80606,"value":80608,"nodeType":865},{},[80607],{"type":943},"Adidas",{"data":80610,"marks":80611,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80613,"content":80615,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80614},"https://www.scworld.com/brief/separate-ransomware-attacks-purportedly-hit-coca-cola-bottling-partner",[80616],{"data":80617,"marks":80618,"value":80620,"nodeType":865},{},[80619],{"type":943},"Coca-Cola",{"data":80622,"marks":80623,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80625,"content":80627,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80626},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/grocery-wholesale-giant-united-natural-foods-hit-by-cyberattack/",[80628],{"data":80629,"marks":80630,"value":80632,"nodeType":865},{},[80631],{"type":943},"United Natural Foods",{"data":80634,"marks":80635,"value":80636,"nodeType":865},{},[]," were among the retailers to suffer a breach between May-June 2025. More recently, Scattered Spider has targeted U.S. insurance giant ",{"data":80638,"content":80640,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80639},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/aflac-discloses-breach-amidst-scattered-spider-insurance-attacks/",[80641],{"data":80642,"marks":80643,"value":80644,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Aflac",{"data":80646,"marks":80647,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80649,"content":80651,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80650},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/google-warns-scattered-spider-hackers-now-target-us-insurance-companies/",[80652],{"data":80653,"marks":80654,"value":80655,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Philadelphia Insurance Companies",{"data":80657,"marks":80658,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80660,"content":80662,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80661},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/erie-insurance-confirms-cyberattack-behind-business-disruptions/amp/",[80663],{"data":80664,"marks":80665,"value":80666,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Erie Insurance",{"data":80668,"marks":80669,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80671,"content":80673,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80672},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/scattered-spider-hackers-shift-focus-to-aviation-transportation-firms/",[80674],{"data":80675,"marks":80676,"value":80677,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hawaiian Airlines",{"data":80679,"marks":80680,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80682,"content":80683,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80672},[80684],{"data":80685,"marks":80686,"value":80687,"nodeType":865},{},[],"WestJet",{"data":80689,"marks":80690,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80692,"content":80694,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80693},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/qantas-is-being-extorted-in-recent-data-theft-cyberattack/",[80695],{"data":80696,"marks":80697,"value":80698,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Qantas",{"data":80700,"marks":80701,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80703,"content":80704,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":80706,"content":80707,"nodeType":981},{},[80708],{"data":80709,"marks":80710,"value":80712,"nodeType":865},{},[80711],{"type":926},"Scattered Spider TTP analysis",{"data":80714,"content":80715,"nodeType":866},{},[80716],{"data":80717,"marks":80718,"value":80719,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Along with a clear MO (financial gain via data exfiltration and extortion) Scattered Spider has demonstrated a pattern of go-to TTPs over recent years. ",{"data":80721,"content":80722,"nodeType":1317},{},[80723],{"data":80724,"marks":80725,"value":80727,"nodeType":865},{},[80726],{"type":926},"Social engineering, help desk scams, and SIM swapping",{"data":80729,"content":80730,"nodeType":866},{},[80731,80735,80744,80747,80755],{"data":80732,"marks":80733,"value":80734,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The public breaches associated with Scattered Spider have predominantly featured social engineering heavy initial access, mainly through help desk scams where the attacker contacts support personnel specifically to bypass MFA for accounts where they have acquired valid credentials via credential phishing or infostealers, but cannot access the account due the additional layer of protection. They have similarly used ",{"data":80736,"content":80738,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80737},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc3944-sms-phishing-sim-swapping-ransomware/",[80739],{"data":80740,"marks":80741,"value":80743,"nodeType":865},{},[80742],{"type":943},"SIM swapping, smishing",{"data":80745,"marks":80746,"value":6889,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80748,"content":80749,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37206},[80750],{"data":80751,"marks":80752,"value":80754,"nodeType":865},{},[80753],{"type":943},"MFA fatigue/push bombing",{"data":80756,"marks":80757,"value":80758,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to achieve account takeover.",{"data":80760,"content":80764,"nodeType":912},{"target":80761},{"sys":80762},{"id":80763,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2Z7qnaK4LXRhnQDvPT2ZXe",[],{"data":80766,"content":80767,"nodeType":1317},{},[80768],{"data":80769,"marks":80770,"value":80772,"nodeType":865},{},[80771],{"type":926},"Impersonating and targeting SaaS services",{"data":80774,"content":80775,"nodeType":866},{},[80776,80780,80789],{"data":80777,"marks":80778,"value":80779,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider have also been known to ",{"data":80781,"content":80783,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80782},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc3944-targets-saas-applications",[80784],{"data":80785,"marks":80786,"value":80788,"nodeType":865},{},[80787],{"type":943},"target SaaS applications and cloud services",{"data":80790,"marks":80791,"value":80792,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — both as part of their phishing strategies by impersonating app providers, as well as in their lateral movement and exploitation when an identity has been compromised. This has included applications such as vCenter, CyberArk, SalesForce, Azure, CrowdStrike, AWS, and GCP. ",{"data":80794,"content":80795,"nodeType":866},{},[80796],{"data":80797,"marks":80798,"value":80799,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When conducting phishing campaigns, they’ve created custom domains for their phishing sites based on the organizations they are targeting: ",{"data":80801,"content":80805,"nodeType":912},{"target":80802},{"sys":80803},{"id":80804,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3ufdtfyJpZ4FUWbKR2yNNm",[],{"data":80807,"content":80808,"nodeType":866},{},[80809],{"data":80810,"marks":80811,"value":80812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And they have impersonated many software brands — either as targets themselves, or as convincing third-parties to lure their targets to interact with. ",{"data":80814,"content":80818,"nodeType":912},{"target":80815},{"sys":80816},{"id":80817,"type":909,"linkType":910},"XgrG1qKwXrpd399BwkHiR",[],{"data":80820,"content":80821,"nodeType":866},{},[80822,80826,80835],{"data":80823,"marks":80824,"value":80825,"nodeType":865},{},[],"(Shout out to the excellent analysis by the folks at ",{"data":80827,"content":80829,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80828},"https://www.silentpush.com/blog/scattered-spider-2025/#h-new-scattered-spider-ttps-for-2025",[80830],{"data":80831,"marks":80832,"value":80834,"nodeType":865},{},[80833],{"type":943},"Silent Push",{"data":80836,"marks":80837,"value":31723,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80839,"content":80840,"nodeType":1317},{},[80841],{"data":80842,"marks":80843,"value":80845,"nodeType":865},{},[80844],{"type":926},"Targeting identity providers to abuse OAuth and SSO",{"data":80847,"content":80848,"nodeType":866},{},[80849,80853,80860],{"data":80850,"marks":80851,"value":80852,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A key part of this approach is abusing OAuth by targeting identity providers (IdPs) such as Okta and Microsoft Entra. By compromising IdP accounts with administrator privileges, Scattered Spider has leveraged techniques such as ",{"data":80854,"content":80855,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37416},[80856],{"data":80857,"marks":80858,"value":37422,"nodeType":865},{},[80859],{"type":943},{"data":80861,"marks":80862,"value":80863,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to gain unrestricted access to the identities within the target IdP tenant (the equivalent of a full Active Directory compromise on-premise).",{"data":80865,"content":80866,"nodeType":1317},{},[80867],{"data":80868,"marks":80869,"value":80871,"nodeType":865},{},[80870],{"type":926},"Encryption of cloud servers and data theft for extortion",{"data":80873,"content":80874,"nodeType":866},{},[80875],{"data":80876,"marks":80877,"value":80878,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When executing the final stages of an attack, Scattered Spider first exfiltrates data through a variety of methods, even using SaaS services such as DropBox and FiveTran to extract copies of high-value service databases, such as SalesForce and ZenDesk, using API connectors. ",{"data":80880,"content":80881,"nodeType":866},{},[80882],{"data":80883,"marks":80884,"value":80885,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In a typical \"double-extortion\" style, they then deploy ransomware by targeting cloud server environments such as VMWare ESXi (specifically to avoid security tools by targeting the hypervisor layer). Scattered Spider have been known to act as affiliates for various ransomware operations, including RansomHub, Qilin, and DragonForce.",{"data":80887,"content":80888,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":80890,"content":80891,"nodeType":981},{},[80892],{"data":80893,"marks":80894,"value":80896,"nodeType":865},{},[80895],{"type":926},"Scattered Spider TTP evolution in 2025",{"data":80898,"content":80899,"nodeType":866},{},[80900],{"data":80901,"marks":80902,"value":80903,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In 2025, security researchers have observed a significant increase in Scattered Spider phishing activity, particularly in the form of MFA-bypassing Attacker-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing pages. ",{"data":80905,"content":80909,"nodeType":912},{"target":80906},{"sys":80907},{"id":80908,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2jH5TrpHueIE8qpU3lunJi",[],{"data":80911,"content":80912,"nodeType":866},{},[80913],{"data":80914,"marks":80915,"value":80916,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Along with this shift, a number of TTPs have been observed relating to detection evasion measures implemented on these phishing pages.",{"data":80918,"content":80919,"nodeType":1317},{},[80920],{"data":80921,"marks":80922,"value":80924,"nodeType":865},{},[80923],{"type":926},"Rapid phishing domain rotation",{"data":80926,"content":80927,"nodeType":866},{},[80928,80931,80939],{"data":80929,"marks":80930,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80932,"content":80933,"nodeType":889},{"uri":80828},[80934],{"data":80935,"marks":80936,"value":80938,"nodeType":865},{},[80937],{"type":943},"According to researchers",{"data":80940,"marks":80941,"value":80942,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Scattered Spider have been observed using phishing pages hosted on short-lived domains that included specific keywords such as “okta,” “sso,” “help,” “hr,” “corp,” “my,” “internal,” “sso,” or “vpn,”, which were quickly operationalized within minutes of registering a domain. After a couple of hours, the domain would often be taken down by the registrar. However, as we’ve discussed in various blog posts, this is to be expected. Domains are highly disposable by nature and attackers plan to get through them in large numbers. They don’t need their phishing pages to live indefinitely — just as long as it takes for someone to be successfully phished.",{"data":80944,"content":80945,"nodeType":866},{},[80946],{"data":80947,"marks":80948,"value":80949,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You would expect these kinds of untrusted links to be flagged by enterprise security tools, but through clever use of obfuscation methods such as using legitimate apps to host the phishing link, using an initially benign link to a document or other source with the malicious link, or avoiding email as the delivery vector altogether, network and email-based controls are being routinely bypassed.  ",{"data":80951,"content":80955,"nodeType":912},{"target":80952},{"sys":80953},{"id":80954,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2DviJNOMbKgbcqwkNl0LDP",[],{"data":80957,"content":80958,"nodeType":1317},{},[80959],{"data":80960,"marks":80961,"value":80963,"nodeType":865},{},[80962],{"type":926},"Using custom subdomains that allow public registrations",{"data":80965,"content":80966,"nodeType":866},{},[80967],{"data":80968,"marks":80969,"value":80970,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider have been observed registering their malicious domains on publicly rentable subdomains such as it[.]com. This limits the information that can be gathered about the domain (for example, preventing WHOIS information from being accessed) ",{"data":80972,"content":80973,"nodeType":866},{},[80974],{"data":80975,"marks":80976,"value":80977,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is incredibly deceptive to the user and will fool many people glancing at the link. It doesn’t look as obviously suspicious as the typical .xyz or .biz, and has the feel of a legitimate domain. As these convincing rentable subdomains start to appear online more frequently, it becomes easier for attackers to pick up convincing domain names with fewer obvious deviations from the real one, without needing to resort to special characters or other tactics that might be spotted. ",{"data":80979,"content":80980,"nodeType":866},{},[80981,80985,80993,80997,81005],{"data":80982,"marks":80983,"value":80984,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is strikingly similar ",{"data":80986,"content":80987,"nodeType":889},{"uri":42047},[80988],{"data":80989,"marks":80990,"value":80992,"nodeType":865},{},[80991],{"type":943},"to an attack we investigated recently",{"data":80994,"marks":80995,"value":80996,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where an attacker was using the us[.]com domain to impersonate Onfido, the digital identity platform. These malicious links were actually distributed via malicious advertising on Google, which is an increasingly popular tactic ",{"data":80998,"content":80999,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5873},[81000],{"data":81001,"marks":81002,"value":81004,"nodeType":865},{},[81003],{"type":943},"to evade email and network detection controls",{"data":81006,"marks":81007,"value":81008,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for phishing links and pages. ",{"data":81010,"content":81014,"nodeType":912},{"target":81011},{"sys":81012},{"id":81013,"type":909,"linkType":910},"34ZpjuFhaSMC6MtjThQsnK",[],{"data":81016,"content":81017,"nodeType":866},{},[81018],{"data":81019,"marks":81020,"value":81021,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This comparison is also interesting when you consider…",{"data":81023,"content":81024,"nodeType":1317},{},[81025],{"data":81026,"marks":81027,"value":81029,"nodeType":865},{},[81028],{"type":926},"Using commercial AiTM toolkits like Evilginx to bypass MFA and evade detection",{"data":81031,"content":81032,"nodeType":866},{},[81033],{"data":81034,"marks":81035,"value":81036,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider have been observed frequently using Evilginx as their phishing kit of choice. Evilginx is a great choice for attackers looking to target non-standard web apps because it is capable of emulating a range of domains — it’s designed to be flexible and work for any page without generating a load of custom JavaScript that might stand out to security tools/analysts. See an example of Evilginx being used to phish a user below.",{"data":81038,"content":81042,"nodeType":912},{"target":81039},{"sys":81040},{"id":81041,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7IuP0mcRZJkL8YGNoZo5Dj",[],{"data":81044,"content":81045,"nodeType":866},{},[81046,81050,81059,81063,81070],{"data":81047,"marks":81048,"value":81049,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By default, Evilginx redirects any site visitor not following the correct url path or supplying the correct parameters to the YouTube video for Rick Astley’s “Never Gonna Give You Up” (aka “Rickrolling”). This behavior has been observed on Scattered Spider phishing sites. Interestingly, we also observed this in the Onfido malvertising example above, ",{"data":81051,"content":81053,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81052},"https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7323102794813505536?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A7323102794813505536%2C7323308731813814272%29&dashCommentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afsd_comment%3A%287323308731813814272%2Curn%3Ali%3Aactivity%3A7323102794813505536%29",[81054],{"data":81055,"marks":81056,"value":81058,"nodeType":865},{},[81057],{"type":943},"while members of the infosec community",{"data":81060,"marks":81061,"value":81062,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are increasingly seeing phishing attacks with this behavior. (This example also features use of ",{"data":81064,"content":81065,"nodeType":889},{"uri":77030},[81066],{"data":81067,"marks":81068,"value":43661,"nodeType":865},{},[81069],{"type":943},{"data":81071,"marks":81072,"value":81073,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to prevent analysis of the malicious link by hiding it behind a legit Microsoft app consent page, another detection evasion tactic). ",{"data":81075,"content":81076,"nodeType":1317},{},[81077],{"data":81078,"marks":81079,"value":81081,"nodeType":865},{},[81080],{"type":926},"Pre-populating victim information using targeted phishing links",{"data":81083,"content":81084,"nodeType":866},{},[81085,81089,81098],{"data":81086,"marks":81087,"value":81088,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A general trend that we’re seeing in the wild, also utilized by Scattered Spider, is phishing attacks becoming increasingly targeted. This includes using redirects to legitimate apps unless specific parameters are supplied, ",{"data":81090,"content":81092,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81091},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/phishing-kits-now-vet-victims-in-real-time-before-stealing-credentials/",[81093],{"data":81094,"marks":81095,"value":81097,"nodeType":865},{},[81096],{"type":943},"only loading malicious content for specific usernames",{"data":81099,"marks":81100,"value":81101,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (and redirecting to benign sites otherwise) implementing the use of one-time phishing links (essentially magic links that work once for the victim, preventing security teams or tools from accessing the page to analyse it later), and pre-populating the victim information on the page to make it feel more genuine (you would expect a website you have visited and logged into before to pre-populate some of your details, like your username/email). ",{"data":81103,"content":81104,"nodeType":866},{},[81105],{"data":81106,"marks":81107,"value":81108,"nodeType":865},{},[],"See an example of this (along with a few of the detection evasion techniques we've mentioned) below. ",{"data":81110,"content":81114,"nodeType":912},{"target":81111},{"sys":81112},{"id":81113,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1zn1G6CutY0HBkXHUIo159",[],{"data":81116,"content":81117,"nodeType":1317},{},[81118],{"data":81119,"marks":81120,"value":81122,"nodeType":865},{},[81121],{"type":926},"Varying login pages to evade cloned page detections",{"data":81124,"content":81125,"nodeType":866},{},[81126,81130,81139],{"data":81127,"marks":81128,"value":81129,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are routinely using a ",{"data":81131,"content":81133,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81132},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/",[81134],{"data":81135,"marks":81136,"value":81138,"nodeType":865},{},[81137],{"type":943},"combination of visual and DOM-based obfuscation techniques",{"data":81140,"marks":81141,"value":81142,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to create convincing phishing pages that are different enough from the real page being impersonated so that detections based on cloned pages do not fire. ",{"data":81144,"content":81145,"nodeType":866},{},[81146],{"data":81147,"marks":81148,"value":81149,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While Okta accounts remain a key target for Scattered Spider, they are using a range of customized landing pages to target Okta accounts for various organizations at URLs like:",{"data":81151,"content":81152,"nodeType":1616},{},[81153,81163,81173,81183,81193,81203],{"data":81154,"content":81155,"nodeType":1570},{},[81156],{"data":81157,"content":81158,"nodeType":866},{},[81159],{"data":81160,"marks":81161,"value":81162,"nodeType":865},{},[],"corp-hubspot[.]com – HubSpot",{"data":81164,"content":81165,"nodeType":1570},{},[81166],{"data":81167,"content":81168,"nodeType":866},{},[81169],{"data":81170,"marks":81171,"value":81172,"nodeType":865},{},[],"morningstar-okta[.]com – Morningstar",{"data":81174,"content":81175,"nodeType":1570},{},[81176],{"data":81177,"content":81178,"nodeType":866},{},[81179],{"data":81180,"marks":81181,"value":81182,"nodeType":865},{},[],"pure-okta[.]com – Pure Storage",{"data":81184,"content":81185,"nodeType":1570},{},[81186],{"data":81187,"content":81188,"nodeType":866},{},[81189],{"data":81190,"marks":81191,"value":81192,"nodeType":865},{},[],"signin-nydig[.]com – New York Digital Investment Group",{"data":81194,"content":81195,"nodeType":1570},{},[81196],{"data":81197,"content":81198,"nodeType":866},{},[81199],{"data":81200,"marks":81201,"value":81202,"nodeType":865},{},[],"sso-instacart[.]com – Instacart",{"data":81204,"content":81205,"nodeType":1570},{},[81206],{"data":81207,"content":81208,"nodeType":866},{},[81209],{"data":81210,"marks":81211,"value":81212,"nodeType":865},{},[],"sts-vodafone[.]com – Vodafone",{"data":81214,"content":81218,"nodeType":912},{"target":81215},{"sys":81216},{"id":81217,"type":909,"linkType":910},"38EyQfvJWcqHukYq8rm8ap",[],{"data":81220,"content":81221,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":81223,"content":81224,"nodeType":981},{},[81225],{"data":81226,"marks":81227,"value":81229,"nodeType":865},{},[81228],{"type":926},"Defend your organization from Scattered Spider",{"data":81231,"content":81232,"nodeType":866},{},[81233],{"data":81234,"marks":81235,"value":81236,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider have proven to be a highly creative and adaptable threat group, using a range of identity-centric TTPs and evolving (or rather, adding to) their repertoire over time. ",{"data":81238,"content":81239,"nodeType":866},{},[81240],{"data":81241,"marks":81242,"value":81243,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Although Scattered Spider have a number of telltale actions and behaviors, like targeting and leveraging SaaS services, utilizing AiTM phishing kits like Evilginx to target IdP accounts like Okta, and deploying ransomware to cloud servers, they are able to flex their approach to take down their targets. ",{"data":81245,"content":81246,"nodeType":866},{},[81247,81251,81260,81264,81272],{"data":81248,"marks":81249,"value":81250,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider’s behavior demonstrates that they are extremely ",{"data":81252,"content":81254,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81253},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/resources/crowdcasts/cloud-threat-summit/",[81255],{"data":81256,"marks":81257,"value":81259,"nodeType":865},{},[81258],{"type":943},"cloud-conscious",{"data":81261,"marks":81262,"value":81263,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (as many modern threat actors are) and are leveraging modern TTPs designed to evade traditional security controls and exploit blind-spots in enterprise security visibility. For example, by constantly rotating their phishing domains and pages, Scattered Spider (and many threat actors like them) are routinely evading common phishing detection controls, taking advantage of the limitations of ",{"data":81265,"content":81266,"nodeType":889},{"uri":5873},[81267],{"data":81268,"marks":81269,"value":81271,"nodeType":865},{},[81270],{"type":943},"blocklist-driven approaches to phishing detection",{"data":81273,"marks":81274,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81276,"content":81277,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":81279,"content":81280,"nodeType":981},{},[81281],{"data":81282,"marks":81283,"value":81285,"nodeType":865},{},[81284],{"type":926},"Aligning Push Security’s capabilities against Scattered Spider’s TTPs",{"data":81287,"content":81288,"nodeType":866},{},[81289],{"data":81290,"marks":81291,"value":81293,"nodeType":865},{},[81292],{"type":926},"Push provides a multi-layered set of detections and controls for defending against the TTPs known to be used by Scattered Spider. ",{"data":81295,"content":81299,"nodeType":912},{"target":81296},{"sys":81297},{"id":81298,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6aB3mLLXZIhrlyuCx2hOzY",[],{"data":81301,"content":81302,"nodeType":1317},{},[81303],{"data":81304,"marks":81305,"value":81306,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detect and block AiTM phishing toolkits",{"data":81308,"content":81309,"nodeType":866},{},[81310],{"data":81311,"marks":81312,"value":81314,"nodeType":865},{},[81313],{"type":926},"The Push browser agent will detect when employees visit websites running MFA-bypassing phishing toolkits such as Evilginx. ",{"data":81316,"content":81320,"nodeType":912},{"target":81317},{"sys":81318},{"id":81319,"type":909,"linkType":910},"I19TQYItDFlaOgisrST6P",[],{"data":81322,"content":81323,"nodeType":866},{},[81324],{"data":81325,"marks":81326,"value":81327,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push browser agent analyzes the behavioral attributes of phishing tools, e.g. “something the toolkit does” vs. just a static signature like a URL path or domain.",{"data":81329,"content":81330,"nodeType":866},{},[81331],{"data":81332,"marks":81333,"value":81334,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Based on your configuration, Push can then warn or block employees from accessing those phishing sites using a customisable blocking page or banner.",{"data":81336,"content":81340,"nodeType":912},{"target":81337},{"sys":81338},{"id":81339,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4ixcEsEW4EyqckOTmP5Pbb",[],{"data":81342,"content":81343,"nodeType":1317},{},[81344],{"data":81345,"marks":81346,"value":81347,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detect cloned login pages",{"data":81349,"content":81350,"nodeType":866},{},[81351],{"data":81352,"marks":81353,"value":81355,"nodeType":865},{},[81354],{"type":926},"The Push browser agent will detect when employees visit websites using cloned login screens to steal credentials - i.e. a cloned Okta login page.",{"data":81357,"content":81358,"nodeType":866},{},[81359],{"data":81360,"marks":81361,"value":81362,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push does this by fingerprinting the page structure and resources of your legitimate login pages and monitoring for pages that are very similar.",{"data":81364,"content":81365,"nodeType":866},{},[81366],{"data":81367,"marks":81368,"value":81369,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push will then emit a webhook event when it detects that an employee has visited a page that appears to be a clone of a legitimate login page.",{"data":81371,"content":81372,"nodeType":1317},{},[81373],{"data":81374,"marks":81375,"value":81376,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Pin your sensitive passwords to specific sites",{"data":81378,"content":81379,"nodeType":866},{},[81380,81385,81391],{"data":81381,"marks":81382,"value":81384,"nodeType":865},{},[81383],{"type":926},"The Push browser agent will detect when employees attempt to enter their IdP password (such as Okta) into webpages that ",{"data":81386,"marks":81387,"value":81390,"nodeType":865},{},[81388,81389],{"type":943},{"type":926},"do not",{"data":81392,"marks":81393,"value":81395,"nodeType":865},{},[81394],{"type":926}," belong to that IdP.",{"data":81397,"content":81398,"nodeType":866},{},[81399,81403,81411],{"data":81400,"marks":81401,"value":81402,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When observing logins, the Push browser agent generates a salted partial hash of the user’s password, known as a fingerprint. This fingerprint is then stored locally in the browser to allow Push to perform password comparisons. You can read more about how the extension securely observes passwords in this ",{"data":81404,"content":81406,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81405},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10065/#start",[81407],{"data":81408,"marks":81409,"value":45471,"nodeType":865},{},[81410],{"type":943},{"data":81412,"marks":81413,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81415,"content":81416,"nodeType":866},{},[81417],{"data":81418,"marks":81419,"value":81420,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To detect phishing attempts against Okta (and other identity providers), the Push browser agent compares the observed Okta password fingerprint to the known Okta fingerprint that already exists in local storage.",{"data":81422,"content":81423,"nodeType":866},{},[81424],{"data":81425,"marks":81426,"value":81427,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If an employee has entered their valid Okta password on a webpage that does not belong to Okta — i.e. a phishing page — Push will enforce the SSO password protection settings set by an administrator (block or warn). This serves as a second layer of defense when used in conjunction with AiTM and cloned login page detections. ",{"data":81429,"content":81433,"nodeType":912},{"target":81430},{"sys":81431},{"id":81432,"type":909,"linkType":910},"20FIoIyuQYxep3V4SFWdoK",[],{"data":81435,"content":81436,"nodeType":1317},{},[81437],{"data":81438,"marks":81439,"value":81440,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detect compromised sessions",{"data":81442,"content":81443,"nodeType":866},{},[81444],{"data":81445,"marks":81446,"value":81448,"nodeType":865},{},[81447],{"type":926},"By correlating Push telemetry with Okta logs, Push can detect compromised Okta sessions originating from outside employees’ supported browsers. ",{"data":81450,"content":81451,"nodeType":866},{},[81452],{"data":81453,"marks":81454,"value":81455,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using the Push browser agent, you can inject a unique marker into the User Agent string of Okta sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push.",{"data":81457,"content":81458,"nodeType":866},{},[81459],{"data":81460,"marks":81461,"value":81462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By then comparing against Okta logs, you can identify sessions that both have the Push marker and those that lack the marker, the latter indicating the session is being used from a machine without the Push extension and therefore the session token may have been stolen.",{"data":81464,"content":81468,"nodeType":912},{"target":81465},{"sys":81466},{"id":81467,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1XNNkaoW64t3PPvC54KGXF",[],{"data":81470,"content":81471,"nodeType":1317},{},[81472],{"data":81473,"marks":81474,"value":81475,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detect when employee credentials are stolen",{"data":81477,"content":81478,"nodeType":866},{},[81479],{"data":81480,"marks":81481,"value":81483,"nodeType":865},{},[81482],{"type":926},"Push will detect when valid credentials appear for sale on criminal forums. ",{"data":81485,"content":81486,"nodeType":866},{},[81487],{"data":81488,"marks":81489,"value":81490,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push platform detects valid, stolen credentials on criminal forums by ingesting threat intelligence data and then verifying which credentials flagged by TI sources are still being used by employees.",{"data":81492,"content":81493,"nodeType":866},{},[81494],{"data":81495,"marks":81496,"value":81497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When suspected stolen credentials for the corporate domain are present, Push hashes and salts the passwords and then sends those fingerprints to the relevant browser agents for comparison. If the stolen credential fingerprint matches a known credential fingerprint observed to be in use by the Push browser agent, the platform returns a validated true positive alert.",{"data":81499,"content":81500,"nodeType":866},{},[81501],{"data":81502,"marks":81503,"value":81504,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can choose to receive alerts for this detection via webhook, ChatOps notification, or in the Push admin console.",{"data":81506,"content":81510,"nodeType":912},{"target":81507},{"sys":81508},{"id":81509,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6wfLCTzvHeMzagyuEWGyJg",[],{"data":81512,"content":81513,"nodeType":1317},{},[81514],{"data":81515,"marks":81516,"value":81517,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Map login methods and remove ghost logins",{"data":81519,"content":81520,"nodeType":866},{},[81521],{"data":81522,"marks":81523,"value":81525,"nodeType":865},{},[81524],{"type":926},"Push maps all the identities used by employees to access workforce apps, including local, non-Okta identities. This data can be used to migrate more apps and accounts to Okta SSO and reduce the overall identity attack surface. ",{"data":81527,"content":81528,"nodeType":866},{},[81529],{"data":81530,"marks":81531,"value":81532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push browser agent observes employees using their corporate identities to access work applications. Push customers gain accurate visibility across all Okta and non-Okta identities, the employees that are using them, the apps they are accessing and the authentication methods being used. ",{"data":81534,"content":81535,"nodeType":866},{},[81536,81540,81547],{"data":81537,"marks":81538,"value":81539,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Armed with this data, security teams can get more workforce apps and accounts behind SSO to reduce the overall identity attack surface, while removing any ",{"data":81541,"content":81542,"nodeType":889},{"uri":15989},[81543],{"data":81544,"marks":81545,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[81546],{"type":943},{"data":81548,"marks":81549,"value":81550,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that enable attackers to circumvent MFA by logging in directly to the app/page. ",{"data":81552,"content":81556,"nodeType":912},{"target":81553},{"sys":81554},{"id":81555,"type":909,"linkType":910},"dbDM075qSd4P3wnXuXX2Z",[],{"data":81558,"content":81559,"nodeType":1317},{},[81560],{"data":81561,"marks":81562,"value":81563,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Verify help desk caller identities with in-browser verification codes",{"data":81565,"content":81566,"nodeType":866},{},[81567,81571,81581],{"data":81568,"marks":81569,"value":81570,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To help combat help desk scams, we recently released ",{"data":81572,"content":81574,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81573},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/employee-identity-verification-codes-release/",[81575],{"data":81576,"marks":81577,"value":81580,"nodeType":865},{},[81578,81579],{"type":943},{"type":926},"Employee Identity Verification Codes",{"data":81582,"marks":81583,"value":81584,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a simple, browser-based identity check that gives your help desk a reliable way to confirm they’re talking to someone from your organization.",{"data":81586,"content":81590,"nodeType":912},{"target":81587},{"sys":81588},{"id":81589,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1TEpCjh8UGwmejgYSGC1by",[],{"data":81592,"content":81593,"nodeType":866},{},[81594],{"data":81595,"marks":81596,"value":81597,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It enables legitimate help desk callers to quickly verify that they’re in possession of their primary device (i.e. laptop) by relaying a rotating 6-digit verification code in their browser via the Push extension. This is a great way to securely confirm caller identity and sniff out fraudulent callers, and can be used as part of a phishing-resistant help desk process. ",{"data":81599,"content":81600,"nodeType":866},{},[81601,81605,81614],{"data":81602,"marks":81603,"value":81604,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can use Employee Verification Codes as a free tool by installing the Push browser extension. Simply ",{"data":81606,"content":81608,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81607},"https://pushsecurity.com/free-tool/employee-verification-codes",[81609],{"data":81610,"marks":81611,"value":81613,"nodeType":865},{},[81612],{"type":943},"sign up for a trial account and you can deploy the extension organization-wide to make use of this feature",{"data":81615,"marks":81616,"value":81617,"nodeType":865},{},[],". While you’re at it, you can trial Push’s full features for up to 10 users for free. ",{"data":81619,"content":81623,"nodeType":912},{"target":81620},{"sys":81621},{"id":81622,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6Td0hDBYdeT8tlnnfwipmD",[],{"data":81625,"content":81626,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":81628,"content":81629,"nodeType":981},{},[81630],{"data":81631,"marks":81632,"value":11295,"nodeType":865},{},[81633],{"type":926},{"data":81635,"content":81636,"nodeType":866},{},[81637],{"data":81638,"marks":81639,"value":81640,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It doesn’t stop there — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":81642,"content":81643,"nodeType":866},{},[81644,81647,81654],{"data":81645,"marks":81646,"value":72007,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81648,"content":81650,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81649},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[81651],{"data":81652,"marks":81653,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81655,"marks":81656,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":81658},{"hyperlink":81659,"inline":81660,"block":81661},[],[],[81662,81698,81724,81752,81757,81771,81806,81820,81834,81842,81846,81853,81857,81861,81868,81875,81889,81897,81903,81909,81917,81924,81932],{"sys":81663,"__typename":5616,"content":81664,"name":81697,"title":59},{"id":80307},{"json":81665},{"nodeType":1382,"data":81666,"content":81667},{},[81668],{"nodeType":866,"data":81669,"content":81670},{},[81671,81675,81682,81686,81693],{"nodeType":865,"value":81672,"marks":81673,"data":81674},"It's been a busy year for cyber criminals! This article has now been superseded with the rise to infamy of ",[],{},{"nodeType":889,"data":81676,"content":81677},{"uri":47814},[81678],{"nodeType":865,"value":81679,"marks":81680,"data":81681},"\"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters\"",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":81683,"marks":81684,"data":81685},". The guidance and TTPs in this blog post still apply, but ",[],{},{"nodeType":889,"data":81687,"content":81688},{"uri":47814},[81689],{"nodeType":865,"value":81690,"marks":81691,"data":81692},"check out our new post",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":81694,"marks":81695,"data":81696}," for the full picture of Scattered Spider-linked breaches dating back to 2021. ",[],{},"SS insight box 1",{"sys":81699,"__typename":5616,"content":81700,"name":81723,"title":59},{"id":80358},{"json":81701},{"nodeType":1382,"data":81702,"content":81703},{},[81704],{"nodeType":866,"data":81705,"content":81706},{},[81707,81711,81719],{"nodeType":865,"value":81708,"marks":81709,"data":81710},"With criminal hacker collectives being fluid in nature, Scattered Spider has also been associated with ",[],{},{"nodeType":889,"data":81712,"content":81713},{"uri":3488},[81714],{"nodeType":865,"value":81715,"marks":81716,"data":81718},"the Snowflake attacks",[81717],{"type":943},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":81720,"marks":81721,"data":81722}," attributed to the ShinyHunters group, which resulted in hundreds of millions of breached records from 9 public victims including AT&T, Ticketmaster, and Santander (with the full impact suggested to be around 165 organizations), monetized through ransom payments, extortion of individual victims, and resale of the data on criminal forums.",[],{},"Scattered Spider insight box 0",{"sys":81725,"__typename":5616,"content":81726,"name":81751,"title":59},{"id":80443},{"json":81727},{"nodeType":1382,"data":81728,"content":81729},{},[81730],{"nodeType":866,"data":81731,"content":81732},{},[81733,81738,81742,81747],{"nodeType":865,"value":81734,"marks":81735,"data":81737},"Caesars",[81736],{"type":926},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":81739,"marks":81740,"data":81741}," was also hit at the same time as MGM Resorts. Less is known about the Caesars attack, except that a ransom of ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":81743,"marks":81744,"data":81746},"$15M",[81745],{"type":926},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":81748,"marks":81749,"data":81750}," was paid to Scattered Spider in an attempt to prevent stolen data being leaked online.",[],{},"Scattered Spider insight box 1",{"sys":81753,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":81754,"buttonLabel":81755,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":81756},{"id":80475},"Want to learn more from our security researchers? Watch our webinar on Scattered Spider's 2025 TTPs here. ","Stream On-Demand","https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/scatteredspider",{"sys":81758,"__typename":5616,"content":81759,"name":81770,"title":59},{"id":80499},{"json":81760},{"nodeType":1382,"data":81761,"content":81762},{},[81763],{"nodeType":866,"data":81764,"content":81765},{},[81766],{"nodeType":865,"value":81767,"marks":81768,"data":81769},"It's worth thinking about Scattered Spider less as a neatly identified group of individuals, but more as a pattern of activity and behaviors. For this reason, it's unlikely that arrests will have a definitive impact — the TTPs exhibited will continue to be used and refined by newcomers.  ",[],{},"Scattered Spider TTPs Insight Box 5",{"sys":81772,"__typename":5616,"content":81773,"name":81805,"title":59},{"id":80763},{"json":81774},{"nodeType":1382,"data":81775,"content":81776},{},[81777],{"nodeType":866,"data":81778,"content":81779},{},[81780,81784,81791,81795,81802],{"nodeType":865,"value":81781,"marks":81782,"data":81783},"Learn more about how Scattered Spider conducts help desk attacks ",[],{},{"nodeType":889,"data":81785,"content":81786},{"uri":37461},[81787],{"nodeType":865,"value":81788,"marks":81789,"data":81790},"in our recent blog pos",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":81792,"marks":81793,"data":81794},"t or by checking out ",[],{},{"nodeType":889,"data":81796,"content":81797},{"uri":81756},[81798],{"nodeType":865,"value":81799,"marks":81800,"data":81801},"our on-demand webinar — available to stream now",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":6170,"marks":81803,"data":81804},[],{},"Scattered Spider TTPs insight box 6",{"sys":81807,"__typename":5616,"content":81808,"name":81819,"title":59},{"id":80804},{"json":81809},{"nodeType":1382,"data":81810,"content":81811},{},[81812],{"nodeType":866,"data":81813,"content":81814},{},[81815],{"nodeType":865,"value":81816,"marks":81817,"data":81818},"Accenture, Aflac, Allstate, Ally Bank, Amica, Apple, AT&T, Athene, Audemars Piguet, Ballet Crypto, BCB Group, Bell, Bitcoin Suisse, Blockdaemon, Blockstream, Charter Communications, Chik-fil-A, Cincinnati Financial, Comcast Corporation, Core Scientific, Costco, Credit Karma, DoorDash, Fireblocks, Forbes, Gemini, Grayscale, H&R Block, Hanover Insurance, Harrow Health, Iliad, Instacart, Jackson Hewitt, Kemper, Louis Vuitton, Luno, Marsh, Mercury, Morningstar, Mutual of Omaha, Nansen, NGRAVE, New York Digital Investment Group, New York Life Insurance, News Corporation, Nike, Orange, P.F. Chang’s, Paxos, PNC Bank, Revolut, RiteAid, 7-Eleven, Singtel, Stargate Industries, Synchrony Bank, Synovus, T-Mobile, Telstra, TIAA, Transamerica, Twitter/X, UScellular, Verizon, Vodafone, WINDTRE, and Xapo Bank.",[],{},"Scattered Spider insight box 3",{"sys":81821,"__typename":5616,"content":81822,"name":81833,"title":59},{"id":80817},{"json":81823},{"nodeType":1382,"data":81824,"content":81825},{},[81826],{"nodeType":866,"data":81827,"content":81828},{},[81829],{"nodeType":865,"value":81830,"marks":81831,"data":81832},"ActiveCampaign, Ada CX, Alchemy, Asurion, Bandwith, Bird CRM, Campaign Monitor, Concentrix, Constant Contact, Corporate Tools, CTS, eClerx, Expedia Group, FalconX, FICO, Five9, Foundever, Freshworks, Genesis Trading, Givebutter, GoDaddy, HubSpot, Incode, Intercom, iQor, Iterable, Jumio, Klaviyo, LinkedIn, Mixpanel, Nuance Communications, Onfido, OnSolve, Podium, Pure Storage, Ripple, Roblox, Salesforce, Shipbob, Sinch, Socure, SPOC, Squarespace, TaskUs, TriVista, Twilio, Ulta Beauty, Upland Software, Wix, Workday, Ziff Davis, and 247[.]ai.",[],{},"Scattered Spider insight box 4",{"sys":81835,"__typename":1390,"title":81836,"caption":81837,"layoutMode":59,"file":81838},{"id":80908},"Scattered Spider image 1","Summary of Scattered Spider TTP evolution in the context of an end-to-end attack chain.",{"url":81839,"width":81840,"height":81841},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/16ngVb8CXbn6jnv7CNeCs5/1d708ddda20413c228d1239f6739acae/Screenshot_2025-06-27_at_15.30.27.png",3376,1876,{"sys":81843,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":81844,"buttonLabel":64043,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":81845},{"id":80954},"Frustrated that phishing attacks are still so successful in 2025? Check out on-demand latest webinar where we analyze exactly why and where controls are failing.","https://pushsecurity.com/resources/phishing-2025",{"sys":81847,"__typename":1390,"title":81848,"caption":81849,"layoutMode":59,"file":81850},{"id":81013},"Scattered spider image 2","Comparing the it.com domain observed by security researchers with the us.com observed in our recent Onfido malvertising investigation.",{"url":81851,"width":1402,"height":81852},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/36YNp6VD5QfqcFcB4actyT/e31cc1dad9f55d49e1d793711199a666/image1.png",791,{"sys":81854,"__typename":5778,"title":81855,"arcadeDemoUrl":81856,"playText":64034},{"id":81041},"Evilginx demo","https://demo.arcade.software/2OpOz9hyjfIu5o8KtAmI?embed",{"sys":81858,"__typename":5778,"title":81859,"arcadeDemoUrl":81860,"playText":64034},{"id":81113},"Phishing Toolkit Detection Evasion Arcade","https://demo.arcade.software/tDUPQV1Nlaralf6VQHT2?embed",{"sys":81862,"__typename":1390,"title":81863,"caption":81864,"layoutMode":59,"file":81865},{"id":81217},"Scattered spider image 3","Scattered Spider Okta phishing pages impersonating various brands",{"url":81866,"width":81867,"height":1402},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7HWejTJs8g5dtoZLK2oqg7/72e3461a28811d0b80d6322f2f93a431/image3.png",1645,{"sys":81869,"__typename":1390,"title":81870,"caption":81871,"layoutMode":59,"file":81872},{"id":81298},"Push vs Scattered Spider","Push controls mapped against Scattered Spider TTPs.",{"url":81873,"width":1402,"height":81874},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1l3phtTjFoQDleiOKYfrXn/ead73aef01e72f08885656d79521a27a/image3.png",1136,{"sys":81876,"__typename":5616,"content":81877,"name":81888,"title":59},{"id":81319},{"json":81878},{"nodeType":1382,"data":81879,"content":81880},{},[81881],{"nodeType":866,"data":81882,"content":81883},{},[81884],{"nodeType":865,"value":81885,"marks":81886,"data":81887},"To detect modern, sophisticated phishing kits like those used by Scattered Spider, organizations need to be able to detect and block phishing pages in real-time. Push’s browser-based approach intercepts phishing attacks as they happen — in employee browsers. Being in the browser delivers a lot of advantages when it comes to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks. You see the live webpage that the user sees, as they see it, meaning you have much better visibility of malicious elements running on the page. It also means that you can implement real-time controls that kick in when a malicious element is detected.",[],{},"Scattered Spider insight box 2",{"sys":81890,"__typename":1390,"title":81891,"caption":81892,"layoutMode":59,"file":81893},{"id":81339},"Phishing toolkit detection","Accessing pages running malicious phishing toolkits is automatically blocked. ",{"url":81894,"width":81895,"height":81896},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3ylgW0MDCCesBjQsoqjD4P/a8bc4df9a430aca6c725f913d2bc6444/image11.png",1440,767,{"sys":81898,"__typename":1390,"title":81899,"caption":81900,"layoutMode":59,"file":81901},{"id":81432},"Scattered spider image 4","Push detects and blocks when a password is used on a site it doesn't belong to.",{"url":81902,"width":12140,"height":54890},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3DsbAAM2GCMbyfBdENebFJ/89978c80fe97b46d2e80089b19d8cb73/image8.png",{"sys":81904,"__typename":1390,"title":81905,"caption":81905,"layoutMode":59,"file":81906},{"id":81467},"Detecting stolen sessions running on attacker machines. ",{"url":81907,"width":81895,"height":81908},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3Pp4bDB2FkGlHbOEt35j0j/49a92cf3c2f805850eff23bacd43818c/image8.png",398,{"sys":81910,"__typename":1390,"title":81911,"caption":81912,"layoutMode":59,"file":81913},{"id":81509},"Detecting stolen credentials in lastpass","Push shows where stolen credentials have been used to log into an account and the source of the leak",{"url":81914,"width":81915,"height":81916},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/HYlWtjgQJdjOYgjmRVMf3/2444a1804ff5c75e88884d75c8735aa8/image8.png",697,668,{"sys":81918,"__typename":1390,"title":81919,"caption":81920,"layoutMode":59,"file":81921},{"id":81555},"Scattered spider image 5","Push identifies where multiple login methods are configured for a single account, as well as when the method was last observed, to surface ghost logins.",{"url":81922,"width":1402,"height":81923},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4LigZHBdaNgpK4vXjr80Ct/5c904257035d6507eff924bff131ced9/image5.png",887,{"sys":81925,"__typename":1390,"title":81926,"caption":81927,"layoutMode":59,"file":81928},{"id":81589},"Employee Verification Codes","Push provides a lightweight verification feature in every user’s browser — no additional apps or devices required.",{"url":81929,"width":81930,"height":81931},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/41X6fkPJgqf14vO3O14TF3/e0cecdbdfaee1353f15ff77ecb6a55a8/Employee_verification_codes.png",2088,1240,{"sys":81933,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":81934,"buttonLabel":81935,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":81607},{"id":81622},"Deploy Employee Verification Codes for free today and protect your help desk from Scattered Spider","Try it free",{"items":81937},[],{},"How Scattered Spider TTPs are evolving in 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attacks on Snowflake customers in 2024 collectively constituted the biggest cyber security event of the year in terms of the number of organizations and individuals affected (at least, if you exclude CrowdStrike causing a worldwide outage in July) — certainly, it was the largest perpetrated by a criminal group against commercial enterprises. It has been touted by some news outlets as ‘",{"data":82270,"content":82272,"nodeType":889},{"uri":82271},"https://www.wired.com/story/snowflake-breach-advanced-auto-parts-lendingtree/",[82273],{"data":82274,"marks":82275,"value":82277,"nodeType":865},{},[82276],{"type":943},"one of the biggest breaches ever",{"data":82279,"marks":82280,"value":82281,"nodeType":865},{},[],"’.  ",{"data":82283,"content":82284,"nodeType":866},{},[82285],{"data":82286,"marks":82287,"value":82288,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Snowflake was a watershed moment that signalled the significant opportunity presented by identity attacks on cloud services. It demonstrated how comparatively unsophisticated methods (logging in to user accounts with stolen credentials and dumping the data) can have the same or greater impact as a traditional network or endpoint based cyber attack involving vulnerability exploitation, malware deployment, ransomware, etc. ",{"data":82290,"content":82291,"nodeType":866},{},[82292],{"data":82293,"marks":82294,"value":82295,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here’s everything you need to know about the Snowflake attacks — and what you can do to protect yourself against the next Snowflake in the future.",{"data":82297,"content":82301,"nodeType":912},{"target":82298},{"sys":82299},{"id":82300,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4QoPUiP5q6Mwj1eWUZT15Q",[],{"data":82303,"content":82304,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":82306,"content":82307,"nodeType":981},{},[82308],{"data":82309,"marks":82310,"value":82312,"nodeType":865},{},[82311],{"type":926},"Snowflake: The facts",{"data":82314,"content":82315,"nodeType":866},{},[82316],{"data":82317,"marks":82318,"value":82319,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cyber criminals associated with the threat group known as ShinyHunters claimed responsibility for breaching multiple organizations using Snowflake, a cloud-based data warehousing and analytics platform. ",{"data":82321,"content":82322,"nodeType":866},{},[82323,82327,82335],{"data":82324,"marks":82325,"value":82326,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters associates targeted ~165 organizations that were subjected to account takeover attacks using stolen credentials harvested from historical infostealer infections dating back as far as 2020, ",{"data":82328,"content":82329,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18323},[82330],{"data":82331,"marks":82332,"value":82334,"nodeType":865},{},[82333],{"type":943},"according to Mandiant’s investigation",{"data":82336,"marks":82337,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82339,"content":82340,"nodeType":6348},{},[82341],{"data":82342,"content":82343,"nodeType":866},{},[82344],{"data":82345,"marks":82346,"value":82348,"nodeType":865},{},[82347],{"type":926},">80% of the compromised accounts belonging to Snowflake customers had prior credential exposure. ",{"data":82350,"content":82351,"nodeType":866},{},[82352],{"data":82353,"marks":82354,"value":82355,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The impacted accounts lacked MFA, meaning successful authentication only required a valid username and password. As the Snowflake credentials found in infostealer malware credential dumps had not been rotated or updated, they remained valid and could be used to authenticate to user accounts on Snowflake tenants belonging to various customers.",{"data":82357,"content":82358,"nodeType":866},{},[82359],{"data":82360,"marks":82361,"value":82362,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a data warehousing platform integrated with a range of connected cloud services, access to a customer’s Snowflake tenant provided attackers with large quantities of sensitive commercial and personal data that could be stolen and monetized by attackers in a variety of ways — such as by ransoming the victim organization, extorting individual end-customers, and selling the data on to other criminal organizations. ",{"data":82364,"content":82365,"nodeType":866},{},[82366],{"data":82367,"marks":82368,"value":82369,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In total, 9 public victims were named following the breach, collectively impacting hundreds of millions of people. ",{"data":82371,"content":82372,"nodeType":1616},{},[82373,82383,82393,82403,82413,82423,82433,82443,82453],{"data":82374,"content":82375,"nodeType":1570},{},[82376],{"data":82377,"content":82378,"nodeType":866},{},[82379],{"data":82380,"marks":82381,"value":82382,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Lending Tree: Sensitive data for over 190 million people available online including customer details, partial credit card numbers, insurance quotes and other information, being sold for $2m.",{"data":82384,"content":82385,"nodeType":1570},{},[82386],{"data":82387,"content":82388,"nodeType":866},{},[82389],{"data":82390,"marks":82391,"value":82392,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Truist Bank: Information belonging to 65,000 employees being sold online for $1m",{"data":82394,"content":82395,"nodeType":1570},{},[82396],{"data":82397,"content":82398,"nodeType":866},{},[82399],{"data":82400,"marks":82401,"value":82402,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Advance Auto Parts: 3TB of data for sale for $1.5 million. Affected 2.3 million people, as well as current and former employees and job applicants.",{"data":82404,"content":82405,"nodeType":1570},{},[82406],{"data":82407,"content":82408,"nodeType":866},{},[82409],{"data":82410,"marks":82411,"value":82412,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Pure Storage: Workspace with 11k customer records including company, email, LDAP username and software version numbers.",{"data":82414,"content":82415,"nodeType":1570},{},[82416],{"data":82417,"content":82418,"nodeType":866},{},[82419],{"data":82420,"marks":82421,"value":82422,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Los Angeles Unified: Student data, disability information, discipline details, and parent information, being sold online for $150k.",{"data":82424,"content":82425,"nodeType":1570},{},[82426],{"data":82427,"content":82428,"nodeType":866},{},[82429],{"data":82430,"marks":82431,"value":82432,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Neiman Marcus: 31m email addresses exposed alongside various personal information.",{"data":82434,"content":82435,"nodeType":1570},{},[82436],{"data":82437,"content":82438,"nodeType":866},{},[82439],{"data":82440,"marks":82441,"value":82442,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Santander: 30 million customer details for sale relating to customers of Santander Chile, Spain, and Uruguay.",{"data":82444,"content":82445,"nodeType":1570},{},[82446],{"data":82447,"content":82448,"nodeType":866},{},[82449],{"data":82450,"marks":82451,"value":82452,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ticketmaster: 560 million customer details for sale, disruption to events and ticketing worldwide, increasing in scam ticket production.",{"data":82454,"content":82455,"nodeType":1570},{},[82456],{"data":82457,"content":82458,"nodeType":866},{},[82459],{"data":82460,"marks":82461,"value":82462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AT&T: Call logs stolen for approximately 109 million customers (nearly all of its mobile customers). AT&T paid an undisclosed ransom fee. ",{"data":82464,"content":82465,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":82467,"content":82468,"nodeType":981},{},[82469],{"data":82470,"marks":82471,"value":82473,"nodeType":865},{},[82472],{"type":926},"The Snowflake attacks step-by-step",{"data":82475,"content":82476,"nodeType":1616},{},[82477,82487,82497,82507,82517,82527,82537,82547],{"data":82478,"content":82479,"nodeType":1570},{},[82480],{"data":82481,"content":82482,"nodeType":866},{},[82483],{"data":82484,"marks":82485,"value":82486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Snowflake users were infected with infostealer malware that harvested credentials from user devices over an extended period via several infostealer malware variants, including; VIDAR, RISEPRO, REDLINE, RACOON STEALER, LUMMA and METASTEALER.",{"data":82488,"content":82489,"nodeType":1570},{},[82490],{"data":82491,"content":82492,"nodeType":866},{},[82493],{"data":82494,"marks":82495,"value":82496,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credentials appeared on criminal marketplaces e.g. dark web forums and Telegram channels.",{"data":82498,"content":82499,"nodeType":1570},{},[82500],{"data":82501,"content":82502,"nodeType":866},{},[82503],{"data":82504,"marks":82505,"value":82506,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters saw the potential in targeting Snowflake users, based on the availability of credentials, number of customer organizations, and the value of the data that can be accessed in Snowflake. ",{"data":82508,"content":82509,"nodeType":1570},{},[82510],{"data":82511,"content":82512,"nodeType":866},{},[82513],{"data":82514,"marks":82515,"value":82516,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters embarked on a large-scale campaign targeting Snowflake customer accounts using previously breached credentials. ",{"data":82518,"content":82519,"nodeType":1570},{},[82520],{"data":82521,"content":82522,"nodeType":866},{},[82523],{"data":82524,"marks":82525,"value":82526,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters accessed user accounts that lacked MFA, belonging to approximately 165 Snowflake customers. ",{"data":82528,"content":82529,"nodeType":1570},{},[82530],{"data":82531,"content":82532,"nodeType":866},{},[82533],{"data":82534,"marks":82535,"value":82536,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters used SQL-based reconnaissance, staging, and data exfiltration techniques, expedited by custom hacker tooling developed specifically for Snowflake, to conduct attacks at scale.",{"data":82538,"content":82539,"nodeType":1570},{},[82540],{"data":82541,"content":82542,"nodeType":866},{},[82543],{"data":82544,"marks":82545,"value":82546,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters acquired massive quantities of Snowflake data based on the information that each customer stored in Snowflake or connected apps. ",{"data":82548,"content":82549,"nodeType":1570},{},[82550],{"data":82551,"content":82552,"nodeType":866},{},[82553],{"data":82554,"marks":82555,"value":82556,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters began attempts to extort Snowflake and end-customers using the data acquired.",{"data":82558,"content":82562,"nodeType":912},{"target":82559},{"sys":82560},{"id":82561,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2J92gFLs1wAAGC4nQTaiWu",[],{"data":82564,"content":82565,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":82567,"content":82568,"nodeType":981},{},[82569],{"data":82570,"marks":82571,"value":82573,"nodeType":865},{},[82572],{"type":926},"Why did the Snowflake breaches happen?",{"data":82575,"content":82576,"nodeType":1317},{},[82577],{"data":82578,"marks":82579,"value":82581,"nodeType":865},{},[82580],{"type":926},"Stolen credentials remained valid for years",{"data":82583,"content":82584,"nodeType":866},{},[82585],{"data":82586,"marks":82587,"value":82588,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The credentials used to access Snowflake accounts from historical infostealer infections had not been changed or rotated despite dating back as far as 2020, and remained valid. ",{"data":82590,"content":82591,"nodeType":866},{},[82592],{"data":82593,"marks":82594,"value":82595,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This highlights the potential risk of breached credentials already in the public domain, particularly in the case of cloud services like Snowflake that may not be subject to the same levels of credential hygiene as other traditional enterprise domain accounts. ",{"data":82597,"content":82598,"nodeType":1317},{},[82599],{"data":82600,"marks":82601,"value":82603,"nodeType":865},{},[82602],{"type":926},"Local logins lacked MFA ",{"data":82605,"content":82606,"nodeType":866},{},[82607,82611,82618],{"data":82608,"marks":82609,"value":82610,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even where organizations were primarily encouraging employees to use SSO to access their Snowflake tenant, previously created local logins with a username and password continue to exist even after introducing SSO-based logins. Further, MFA was not globally enforceable at the application level, meaning that MFA was only set when logging into an IdP account for SSO, but not for local logins. We call this problem ",{"data":82612,"content":82613,"nodeType":889},{"uri":15989},[82614],{"data":82615,"marks":82616,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[82617],{"type":943},{"data":82619,"marks":82620,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82622,"content":82623,"nodeType":866},{},[82624],{"data":82625,"marks":82626,"value":82627,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This meant that attackers were able to take over Snowflake accounts with only a single authentication factor (username & password). ",{"data":82629,"content":82630,"nodeType":1317},{},[82631],{"data":82632,"marks":82633,"value":82635,"nodeType":865},{},[82634],{"type":926},"Snowflake was a high-value target used by many organizations",{"data":82637,"content":82638,"nodeType":866},{},[82639],{"data":82640,"marks":82641,"value":82642,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a data warehousing platform used by a vast number of organizations, Snowflake represented a high-value target based on the data typically stored within it, and the repeatable way in which Snowflake users could be targeted. ",{"data":82644,"content":82645,"nodeType":866},{},[82646],{"data":82647,"marks":82648,"value":82649,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker followed a near identical process when targeting Snowflake victims, meaning it could be scripted and executed at scale, with attacks taking a matter of minutes. ",{"data":82651,"content":82652,"nodeType":1317},{},[82653],{"data":82654,"marks":82655,"value":82657,"nodeType":865},{},[82656],{"type":926},"Infostealer infections are driving credential availability",{"data":82659,"content":82660,"nodeType":866},{},[82661],{"data":82662,"marks":82663,"value":82664,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are often seen as a low-priority issue, but are the primary source of stolen credentials used in campaigns like this one. ",{"data":82666,"content":82667,"nodeType":866},{},[82668],{"data":82669,"marks":82670,"value":82671,"nodeType":865},{},[],"EDR is a strong protection but is often bypassed by infostealers as attackers continually modify them to bypass security controls. Further, unmanaged devices such as those used by third-party contractors or BYOD employees often lack the robust controls applied to company-managed devices and are naturally more susceptible to infostealer attacks. And since browser profiles can be synced across devices, even personal device compromises can result in the capture of corporate credentials.  ",{"data":82673,"content":82674,"nodeType":866},{},[82675,82679,82688],{"data":82676,"marks":82677,"value":82678,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There is some suggestion that targeting key third-party suppliers – ",{"data":82680,"content":82682,"nodeType":889},{"uri":82681},"https://www.wired.com/story/epam-snowflake-ticketmaster-breach-shinyhunters/",[82683],{"data":82684,"marks":82685,"value":82687,"nodeType":865},{},[82686],{"type":943},"such as EPAM Systems, a software engineering firm and Snowflake ‘Elite Tier Partner’",{"data":82689,"marks":82690,"value":82691,"nodeType":865},{},[]," – provided some of the access to Snowflake customers needed. It’s unclear what came first, but it’s possible (likely, even) that EPAM was identified as a target specifically because of its lucrative customer base and Snowflake credentials — adding another indicator that Snowflake was potentially a premeditated attack inspired by the availability of Snowflake credentials online.",{"data":82693,"content":82697,"nodeType":912},{"target":82694},{"sys":82695},{"id":82696,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4D0gjt5oJLNKJH8GzjP8Je",[],{"data":82699,"content":82700,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":82702,"content":82703,"nodeType":981},{},[82704],{"data":82705,"marks":82706,"value":82708,"nodeType":865},{},[82707],{"type":926},"Key takeaways from the Snowflake attacks",{"data":82710,"content":82711,"nodeType":1317},{},[82712],{"data":82713,"marks":82714,"value":82716,"nodeType":865},{},[82715],{"type":926},"Securing your IdP accounts is not enough",{"data":82718,"content":82719,"nodeType":866},{},[82720],{"data":82721,"marks":82722,"value":82723,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SSO can help reduce your identity attack surface, but it's not feasible to get every workforce identity behind it.",{"data":82725,"content":82726,"nodeType":1616},{},[82727,82750,82771,82805],{"data":82728,"content":82729,"nodeType":1570},{},[82730],{"data":82731,"content":82732,"nodeType":866},{},[82733,82737,82746],{"data":82734,"marks":82735,"value":82736,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Only 1 in 3 apps support SAML SSO, and those that offer it often charge more for it; the “",{"data":82738,"content":82740,"nodeType":889},{"uri":82739},"https://ssotax.org/",[82741],{"data":82742,"marks":82743,"value":82745,"nodeType":865},{},[82744],{"type":943},"SSO tax",{"data":82747,"marks":82748,"value":82749,"nodeType":865},{},[],"”.",{"data":82751,"content":82752,"nodeType":1570},{},[82753],{"data":82754,"content":82755,"nodeType":866},{},[82756,82760,82768],{"data":82757,"marks":82758,"value":82759,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Many apps are self-adopted by employees, leaving security teams unaware and unable to enforce SSO.  The typical organization has ",{"data":82761,"content":82762,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25244},[82763],{"data":82764,"marks":82765,"value":82767,"nodeType":865},{},[82766],{"type":943},"hundreds of apps and thousands of unmanaged identities outside of SSO",{"data":82769,"marks":82770,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82772,"content":82773,"nodeType":1570},{},[82774],{"data":82775,"content":82776,"nodeType":866},{},[82777,82781,82788,82792,82801],{"data":82778,"marks":82779,"value":82780,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most apps do not prevent users from creating additional \"",{"data":82782,"content":82783,"nodeType":889},{"uri":15989},[82784],{"data":82785,"marks":82786,"value":69502,"nodeType":865},{},[82787],{"type":943},{"data":82789,"marks":82790,"value":82791,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\" methods outside of SSO (especially by default), accounting for around ",{"data":82793,"content":82795,"nodeType":889},{"uri":82794},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/#id-identity-configurations-and-how-they-can-be-exploited_id-many-accounts-lack-the-most-basic-protections",[82796],{"data":82797,"marks":82798,"value":82800,"nodeType":865},{},[82799],{"type":943},"10% of all identities",{"data":82802,"marks":82803,"value":82804,"nodeType":865},{},[]," observed by Push. ",{"data":82806,"content":82807,"nodeType":1570},{},[82808],{"data":82809,"content":82810,"nodeType":866},{},[82811,82815,82823],{"data":82812,"marks":82813,"value":82814,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In total, we identified that ",{"data":82816,"content":82817,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25244},[82818],{"data":82819,"marks":82820,"value":82822,"nodeType":865},{},[82821],{"type":943},"37% (2 in 5) accounts have a password login set with no MFA",{"data":82824,"marks":82825,"value":82826,"nodeType":865},{},[],", while 9% have no MFA AND a weak, breached, or reused password.",{"data":82828,"content":82829,"nodeType":866},{},[82830],{"data":82831,"marks":82832,"value":82833,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, relying on locked-down IdP accounts and maximising the use of SSO is an important pillar of an effective identity security strategy, but there will always be gaps. Unless you recognize this, you may be blindsided by attackers finding them before you do. ",{"data":82835,"content":82836,"nodeType":1317},{},[82837],{"data":82838,"marks":82839,"value":82841,"nodeType":865},{},[82840],{"type":926},"The threat of infostealers and stolen credentials needs to be taken seriously",{"data":82843,"content":82844,"nodeType":866},{},[82845],{"data":82846,"marks":82847,"value":82848,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Breached credentials appearing online is not always seen as a top priority for security teams, particularly when there’s so much noise from all of the outdated or simply erroneous findings (anyone that’s ever subscribed to a credential TI feed knows the pain of this). ",{"data":82850,"content":82851,"nodeType":866},{},[82852],{"data":82853,"marks":82854,"value":82855,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But Snowflake serves as a stark reminder that despite all the false positives, stolen credentials are sometimes valid — and when weaponized at-scale they can be a powerful tool for attackers. ",{"data":82857,"content":82861,"nodeType":912},{"target":82858},{"sys":82859},{"id":82860,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4EODpwKsqNivpvP2yMtZCd",[],{"data":82863,"content":82864,"nodeType":1317},{},[82865],{"data":82866,"marks":82867,"value":82869,"nodeType":865},{},[82868],{"type":926},"Don’t rely on third-parties to protect your identities for you",{"data":82871,"content":82872,"nodeType":866},{},[82873],{"data":82874,"marks":82875,"value":82876,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Snowflake came under fire following the attacks for not enabling MFA by default, or giving security teams sufficient tools to deal with the incident. ",{"data":82878,"content":82879,"nodeType":866},{},[82880],{"data":82881,"marks":82882,"value":82883,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is perhaps justifiable, but is hardly the exception. Very few apps enforce MFA by default or provide a global MFA enforcement mechanism. Most don’t even provide audit logs (and when they do, the scope of logging is pretty limited). And we regularly encounter apps that don’t give you any information about account configuration as an admin — like which accounts have MFA, or the login methods that they’re using (e.g. SSO via SAML, SSO via OIDC, password, which IdPs are being used…) which is essential information to be able to secure your identity attack surface. ",{"data":82885,"content":82886,"nodeType":866},{},[82887],{"data":82888,"marks":82889,"value":82890,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Yes, it would be great if app vendors put security first and made controls available by default, for all customers (not just the premium ones). But in the absence of an industrywide shift toward security-first product development, it’s important that organizations don’t just point the finger at service providers — and take matters into their own hands when it comes to securing their user identities. ",{"data":82892,"content":82893,"nodeType":1317},{},[82894],{"data":82895,"marks":82896,"value":82898,"nodeType":865},{},[82897],{"type":926},"This isn’t a specific Snowflake problem — it could have been any application",{"data":82900,"content":82901,"nodeType":866},{},[82902],{"data":82903,"marks":82904,"value":82905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While Snowflake was admittedly a high-value target because of the data it collected, apps with sensitive data (or with integrations connecting them to data collected in adjacent apps) are not in short supply. ",{"data":82907,"content":82908,"nodeType":866},{},[82909],{"data":82910,"marks":82911,"value":82912,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If we accept that many other apps are similarly desirable targets, then we should also consider that it’s unlikely that Snowflake is the only app that has valid credentials sitting around on the internet, waiting to be weaponized by criminals. Equally, it’s not the only app that doesn’t require mandatory MFA for user accounts, as we discussed above. The next Snowflake is likely to lurk in the same breached datasets, possibly even using the same credentials.",{"data":82914,"content":82915,"nodeType":866},{},[82916],{"data":82917,"marks":82918,"value":82919,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There’s been a clear increase in the number of infostealer and stolen credential related breaches and news stories since Snowflake as attackers wise up to the potential opportunity and start seeing the dollar signs. It would be naive to think that this was a one off event — the next Snowflake is probably not too far away. ",{"data":82921,"content":82922,"nodeType":866},{},[82923],{"data":82924,"marks":82925,"value":82926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For a deep-dive analysis of the impact of Snowflake, check out our on-demand webinar from earlier this year.",{"data":82928,"content":82932,"nodeType":912},{"target":82929},{"sys":82930},{"id":82931,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7LkU5DqE9HJ1PQu9BTg6Mw",[],{"data":82934,"content":82935,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":82937,"content":82938,"nodeType":981},{},[82939],{"data":82940,"marks":82941,"value":82943,"nodeType":865},{},[82942],{"type":926},"How to protect yourself from the next Snowflake using Push",{"data":82945,"content":82946,"nodeType":866},{},[82947],{"data":82948,"marks":82949,"value":82950,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations looking to reduce their exposure to account takeover using stolen credentials should look to:",{"data":82952,"content":82953,"nodeType":1616},{},[82954,82964,82974],{"data":82955,"content":82956,"nodeType":1570},{},[82957],{"data":82958,"content":82959,"nodeType":866},{},[82960],{"data":82961,"marks":82962,"value":82963,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identify the apps being used across the business and locate vulnerable workforce identities using weak, breached, or reused credentials, and missing MFA. Where SSO is the preferred login method, local username & password logins should ideally be removed. ",{"data":82965,"content":82966,"nodeType":1570},{},[82967],{"data":82968,"content":82969,"nodeType":866},{},[82970],{"data":82971,"marks":82972,"value":82973,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where credentials appear in third-party data breaches, verify where they are still valid and ensure that the credentials are changed. ",{"data":82975,"content":82976,"nodeType":1570},{},[82977],{"data":82978,"content":82979,"nodeType":866},{},[82980],{"data":82981,"marks":82982,"value":82983,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detect unauthorized access to workforce identities where sessions are initiated or resumed from unusual or unexpected locations. It should be noted that while this is a fairly common feature for larger enterprise cloud platforms with configurable access control policies, this is not typically possible for most SaaS applications.  ",{"data":82985,"content":82986,"nodeType":866},{},[82987],{"data":82988,"marks":82989,"value":82990,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All of these use cases can be achieved using Push. The Push browser extension detects all logins performed in employee browsers, capturing granular information about the login method and MFA types used, and enriching this data by integrating with your preferred IdP.",{"data":82992,"content":82993,"nodeType":866},{},[82994,82998,83006],{"data":82995,"marks":82996,"value":82997,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s ",{"data":82999,"content":83001,"nodeType":889},{"uri":83000},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verified-stolen-credential-detection",[83002],{"data":83003,"marks":83004,"value":83005,"nodeType":865},{},[],"verified stolen credential detection feature",{"data":83007,"marks":83008,"value":83009,"nodeType":865},{},[]," compares a k-anonymized hash of user passwords observed with stolen credential TI feeds to cut through the noise and identify where stolen credentials appearing online represent a genuine vulnerability.   ",{"data":83011,"content":83012,"nodeType":866},{},[83013,83017,83026],{"data":83014,"marks":83015,"value":83016,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On top of this, all logins made in browsers protected by the Push extension, across every app, are verified by ",{"data":83018,"content":83020,"nodeType":889},{"uri":83019},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-session-token-theft-detection-why-browser-is-best/",[83021],{"data":83022,"marks":83023,"value":83025,"nodeType":865},{},[83024],{"type":943},"adding a unique marker to the user agent string of the session",{"data":83027,"marks":83028,"value":83029,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which will then appear in your IdP logs. This means that any session occurring outside of the Push-protected estate can be flagged to your security team via SIEM alert — including where an attacker uses stolen credentials to log into an app from a browser without the Push extension running. ",{"data":83031,"content":83035,"nodeType":912},{"target":83032},{"sys":83033},{"id":83034,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3tqVk7Vr7pYLOEVukIJM2g",[],{"data":83037,"content":83038,"nodeType":866},{},[83039],{"data":83040,"marks":83041,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"165 Snowflake customers were targeted by criminals using stolen credentials from infostealer infections, impacting hundreds of millions of people. 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In fact, with attackers increasingly leveraging identity-based techniques over software exploits, phishing arguably poses a bigger threat than ever before. ",{"data":83697,"content":83698,"nodeType":866},{},[83699],{"data":83700,"marks":83701,"value":83702,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are turning to identity attacks like phishing because they can achieve all of the same objectives as they would in a traditional endpoint or network attack, simply by logging into a victim’s account. And with organizations now using hundreds of internet apps across their workforce, the scope of accounts that can be phished or targeted with stolen credentials has grown exponentially. ",{"data":83704,"content":83705,"nodeType":866},{},[83706],{"data":83707,"marks":83708,"value":83709,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With MFA-bypassing phishing kits the new normal, capable of phishing accounts protected by SMS, OTP, and push-based methods, detection controls are being put under constant pressure as prevention controls fall short. ",{"data":83711,"content":83712,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":83714,"content":83715,"nodeType":981},{},[83716],{"data":83717,"marks":83718,"value":83720,"nodeType":865},{},[83719],{"type":926},"Attackers are bypassing detection controls",{"data":83722,"content":83723,"nodeType":866},{},[83724],{"data":83725,"marks":83726,"value":83727,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The majority of phishing detection and control enforcement is focused at the email and network layer — typically at the Secure Email Gateway (SEG), Secure Web Gateway (SWG)/proxy, or both. ",{"data":83729,"content":83730,"nodeType":866},{},[83731,83735,83743],{"data":83732,"marks":83733,"value":83734,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But attackers know this, ",{"data":83736,"content":83737,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81132},[83738],{"data":83739,"marks":83740,"value":83742,"nodeType":865},{},[83741],{"type":943},"and are taking steps to avoid these controls",{"data":83744,"marks":83745,"value":83746,"nodeType":865},{},[],", by:",{"data":83748,"content":83749,"nodeType":1616},{},[83750,83760,83770],{"data":83751,"content":83752,"nodeType":1570},{},[83753],{"data":83754,"content":83755,"nodeType":866},{},[83756],{"data":83757,"marks":83758,"value":83759,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Routinely evading IoC driven blocklists by dynamically rotating and updating commonly signatured elements like IPs, domains, and URLs.",{"data":83761,"content":83762,"nodeType":1570},{},[83763],{"data":83764,"content":83765,"nodeType":866},{},[83766],{"data":83767,"marks":83768,"value":83769,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Preventing analysis of their phishing pages by implementing bot protection like CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile alongside other detection evasion methods. ",{"data":83771,"content":83772,"nodeType":1570},{},[83773],{"data":83774,"content":83775,"nodeType":866},{},[83776],{"data":83777,"marks":83778,"value":83779,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Changing visual and DOM elements on the page so that even when the page is loaded, detection signatures may fail to trigger.  ",{"data":83781,"content":83785,"nodeType":912},{"target":83782},{"sys":83783},{"id":83784,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5w44LsamEfcwSACx3MA997",[],{"data":83787,"content":83788,"nodeType":866},{},[83789,83793,83802],{"data":83790,"marks":83791,"value":83792,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And in fact, by launching multi- and cross-channel attacks, attackers are evading email-based controls entirely. Just see ",{"data":83794,"content":83796,"nodeType":889},{"uri":83795},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[83797],{"data":83798,"marks":83799,"value":83801,"nodeType":865},{},[83800],{"type":943},"this recent example",{"data":83803,"marks":83804,"value":83805,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where attackers impersonating Onfido delivered their phishing attack via malicious Google ads (aka malvertising) — bypassing email altogether. ",{"data":83807,"content":83811,"nodeType":912},{"target":83808},{"sys":83809},{"id":83810,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3sGmVHl1Rwjyw3TMZSYuy4",[],{"data":83813,"content":83814,"nodeType":866},{},[83815,83819,83824,83828,83833],{"data":83816,"marks":83817,"value":83818,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth pointing out the limitations of email-based solutions here too. Email has some additional checks around the sender’s reputation and things like DMARC/DKIM, but these don’t actually identify malicious ",{"data":83820,"marks":83821,"value":83823,"nodeType":865},{},[83822],{"type":926},"pages",{"data":83825,"marks":83826,"value":83827,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Similarly, some modern email solutions are doing much deeper analysis of the ",{"data":83829,"marks":83830,"value":83832,"nodeType":865},{},[83831],{"type":926},"content",{"data":83834,"marks":83835,"value":83836,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of an email. But… that doesn’t really help with identifying the phishing sites themselves (just indicates that one might be linked in the email). This is much more appropriate for BEC-style attacks where the goal is to social engineer the victim, as opposed to linking them to a malicious page. And this still doesn’t help with attacks launched over different mediums as we’ve highlighted above.",{"data":83838,"content":83839,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":83841,"content":83842,"nodeType":981},{},[83843],{"data":83844,"marks":83845,"value":83847,"nodeType":865},{},[83846],{"type":926},"How browser-based detection and response can level the playing field",{"data":83849,"content":83850,"nodeType":866},{},[83851],{"data":83852,"marks":83853,"value":83854,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most phishing attacks involve the delivery of a malicious link to a user. The user clicks the link and loads a malicious page. In the vast majority of cases, the malicious page is a login portal for a specific website, where the goal for the attacker is to steal the victim’s account.",{"data":83856,"content":83857,"nodeType":866},{},[83858,83862,83867],{"data":83859,"marks":83860,"value":83861,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These attacks are happening pretty much exclusively in the victim’s browser. So rather than building more email or network based controls looking from the outside-in at phishing pages accessed in the browser, there’s a huge opportunity presented by building phishing detection and response capabilities ",{"data":83863,"marks":83864,"value":83866,"nodeType":865},{},[83865],{"type":898},"inside",{"data":83868,"marks":83869,"value":83870,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the browser. ",{"data":83872,"content":83873,"nodeType":866},{},[83874,83878,83883],{"data":83875,"marks":83876,"value":83877,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we look at the history of detection and response, this makes a lot of sense. When endpoint attacks skyrocketed in the late 2000s / early 2010s, they took advantage of the fact that defenders were trying to detect malware with primarily network-based detections, signature-based analysis of files, and running files in sandboxes (which was reliably defeated with sandbox-aware malware and using things as simple as putting an execution delay in the code). But this gave way to EDR, which presented a better way of observing and intercepting malicious software in ",{"data":83879,"marks":83880,"value":83882,"nodeType":865},{},[83881],{"type":926},"real-time",{"data":83884,"marks":83885,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":83887,"content":83891,"nodeType":912},{"target":83888},{"sys":83889},{"id":83890,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1KFwJvbIMiWHb1erWlljZf",[],{"data":83893,"content":83894,"nodeType":866},{},[83895],{"data":83896,"marks":83897,"value":83898,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The key here was getting inside the data stream to be able to observe activity in real-time on the endpoint. ",{"data":83900,"content":83901,"nodeType":866},{},[83902],{"data":83903,"marks":83904,"value":83905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re in a similar position today. Modern phishing attacks are happening on web pages accessed via the browser, and the tools we’re relying on — email, network, even endpoint — don’t have the required visibility. They’re looking from the outside-in. ",{"data":83907,"content":83911,"nodeType":912},{"target":83908},{"sys":83909},{"id":83910,"type":909,"linkType":910},"59t6AcjpRjs3VQQXQO3PWu",[],{"data":83913,"content":83914,"nodeType":866},{},[83915,83919,83924],{"data":83916,"marks":83917,"value":83918,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But what if we could do detection and response from ",{"data":83920,"marks":83921,"value":83923,"nodeType":865},{},[83922],{"type":926},"inside the browser?",{"data":83925,"marks":83926,"value":83927,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Here’s three reasons why the browser is best for stopping phishing attacks:",{"data":83929,"content":83930,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":83932,"content":83933,"nodeType":981},{},[83934],{"data":83935,"marks":83936,"value":83938,"nodeType":865},{},[83937],{"type":926},"#1: Analyze pages, not links",{"data":83940,"content":83941,"nodeType":866},{},[83942],{"data":83943,"marks":83944,"value":83945,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Common phishing detections rely on the analysis of links or static HTML as opposed to malicious pages. Modern phishing pages are no longer static HTML — like most other modern web pages, these are dynamic web apps rendered in the browser, with JavaScript dynamically rewriting the page and launching the malicious content. This means that most basic, static checks fail to identify the malicious content running on the page. ",{"data":83947,"content":83948,"nodeType":866},{},[83949],{"data":83950,"marks":83951,"value":83952,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Without deeper analysis, you’re reliant on analyzing things like domains, URLs and IP addresses against known-bad blocklists. But these are all highly disposable. Attackers are buying them in bulk, constantly taking over legitimate domains, and generally planning for the fact that they’ll get through a lot of them. Modern phishing architecture is also able to dynamically rotate and update the links served to visitors from a continually refreshed pool (so every person that clicks the link gets served a different URL) and even going as far as using things like one-time magic links (which also means that any security team members trying to investigate the page later won’t be able to do so). ",{"data":83954,"content":83955,"nodeType":866},{},[83956],{"data":83957,"marks":83958,"value":83959,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ultimately, this means that blocklists just aren’t that effective — because it’s trivial for attackers to change the indicators being used to create detections. If you think about the Pyramid of Pain, these indicators sit right at the bottom — the kind of thing we’ve been moving away from for years in the endpoint security world.  ",{"data":83961,"content":83962,"nodeType":866},{},[83963],{"data":83964,"marks":83965,"value":83966,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But in the browser, you can observe the rendered web page in all its glory. With much deeper visibility of the page (and its malicious elements) you can…",{"data":83968,"content":83969,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":83971,"content":83972,"nodeType":981},{},[83973],{"data":83974,"marks":83975,"value":83977,"nodeType":865},{},[83976],{"type":926},"#2: Detect TTPs, not IoCs",{"data":83979,"content":83980,"nodeType":866},{},[83981],{"data":83982,"marks":83983,"value":83984,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even where TTP-based detections are in play, they’re typically reliant on either piecing together network requests, or loading the page in a sandbox. ",{"data":83986,"content":83987,"nodeType":866},{},[83988],{"data":83989,"marks":83990,"value":83991,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, attackers are getting pretty good at evading sandbox analysis — simply by implementing bot protection by requiring user interaction with a CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile. Even if you can get past Turnstile, then you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, and execute JavaScript, to be served the malicious page. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":83993,"content":83994,"nodeType":866},{},[83995,83999,84008],{"data":83996,"marks":83997,"value":83998,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And if all this wasn’t enough, ",{"data":84000,"content":84002,"nodeType":889},{"uri":84001},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[84003],{"data":84004,"marks":84005,"value":84007,"nodeType":865},{},[84006],{"type":943},"they’re also obfuscating both visual and DOM elements to prevent signature-based detections from picking them up",{"data":84009,"marks":84010,"value":84011,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — so even if you can land on the page, there’s a high chance that your detections won’t trigger.",{"data":84013,"content":84014,"nodeType":866},{},[84015],{"data":84016,"marks":84017,"value":84018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When using a proxy, you’ll have some visibility of the network traffic generated by a user accessing and interacting with a page. However, you’ll struggle to correlate key actions like whether the user entered their password with the specific tab when dealing with the sheer volume of disorganized network traffic data. ",{"data":84020,"content":84021,"nodeType":866},{},[84022],{"data":84023,"marks":84024,"value":84026,"nodeType":865},{},[84025],{"type":926},"But you get much better visibility of all this in the browser, with access to:",{"data":84028,"content":84029,"nodeType":1616},{},[84030,84039,84049,84059],{"data":84031,"content":84032,"nodeType":1570},{},[84033],{"data":84034,"content":84035,"nodeType":866},{},[84036],{"data":84037,"marks":84038,"value":71548,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":84040,"content":84041,"nodeType":1570},{},[84042],{"data":84043,"content":84044,"nodeType":866},{},[84045],{"data":84046,"marks":84047,"value":84048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full user interaction tracing — every click, keystroke, or DOM change can be traced",{"data":84050,"content":84051,"nodeType":1570},{},[84052],{"data":84053,"content":84054,"nodeType":866},{},[84055],{"data":84056,"marks":84057,"value":84058,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full inspection at every layer of execution, not just initial HTML served",{"data":84060,"content":84061,"nodeType":1570},{},[84062],{"data":84063,"content":84064,"nodeType":866},{},[84065],{"data":84066,"marks":84067,"value":84068,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full access to browser APIs, to correlate with browser history, local storage, attached cookies, etc.",{"data":84070,"content":84071,"nodeType":866},{},[84072],{"data":84073,"marks":84074,"value":84075,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This gives you everything you need to build high-fidelity detections focused on page behavior and user interaction – that are much harder for attackers to get around when compared to IoC-based detections. ",{"data":84077,"content":84081,"nodeType":912},{"target":84078},{"sys":84079},{"id":84080,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1YggWcADAWgt3sUkXMsVIw",[],{"data":84083,"content":84084,"nodeType":866},{},[84085],{"data":84086,"marks":84087,"value":84088,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the browser, you get much better visibility of the user and page behavior to enable phishing page detection.",{"data":84090,"content":84094,"nodeType":912},{"target":84091},{"sys":84092},{"id":84093,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1BKgjnYkLJIRW0LJZYpfga",[],{"data":84096,"content":84097,"nodeType":866},{},[84098],{"data":84099,"marks":84100,"value":84101,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And with this new visibility, because you’re in the browser and seeing the page at the same time as the user is interacting with it, you can…",{"data":84103,"content":84104,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84106,"content":84107,"nodeType":981},{},[84108],{"data":84109,"marks":84110,"value":84112,"nodeType":865},{},[84111],{"type":926},"#3: Intercept in real time, not post mortem",{"data":84114,"content":84115,"nodeType":866},{},[84116,84120,84125],{"data":84117,"marks":84118,"value":84119,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For non-browser solutions, ",{"data":84121,"marks":84122,"value":84124,"nodeType":865},{},[84123],{"type":926},"real-time phishing detection is basically nonexistent",{"data":84126,"marks":84127,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":84129,"content":84130,"nodeType":866},{},[84131],{"data":84132,"marks":84133,"value":84134,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At best, your proxy-based solution might be able to detect malicious behavior via the network traffic generated by your user interacting with the page. But because of the complexity of reconstructing network requests post-TLS-encryption, this typically happens on a time delay and is not entirely reliable. ",{"data":84136,"content":84137,"nodeType":866},{},[84138,84142,84147,84151,84156,84160,84164,84168,84173],{"data":84139,"marks":84140,"value":84141,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If a page is flagged, it usually requires further investigation by a security team to rule out any false positives and kick off an investigation. This can take ",{"data":84143,"marks":84144,"value":84146,"nodeType":865},{},[84145],{"type":926},"hours",{"data":84148,"marks":84149,"value":84150,"nodeType":865},{},[]," at best, probably ",{"data":84152,"marks":84153,"value":84155,"nodeType":865},{},[84154],{"type":926},"days",{"data":84157,"marks":84158,"value":84159,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Then, once a page is identified as malicious and IoCs are created, it can take ",{"data":84161,"marks":84162,"value":84155,"nodeType":865},{},[84163],{"type":926},{"data":84165,"marks":84166,"value":84167,"nodeType":865},{},[]," or even ",{"data":84169,"marks":84170,"value":84172,"nodeType":865},{},[84171],{"type":926},"weeks",{"data":84174,"marks":84175,"value":84176,"nodeType":865},{},[]," before the information is distributed, TI feeds are updated, and ingested into blocklists. ",{"data":84178,"content":84179,"nodeType":866},{},[84180,84184],{"data":84181,"marks":84182,"value":84183,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But in the browser, you’re observing the page in real-time, as the user sees it, from inside the browser. This is a game changer when it comes to not just detecting, but intercepting and shutting down attacks before a user is phished and the damage is done. ",{"data":84185,"marks":84186,"value":84188,"nodeType":865},{},[84187],{"type":926},"This changes the focus from post mortem containment and cleanup, to pre-compromise interception in real time. ",{"data":84190,"content":84191,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84193,"content":84194,"nodeType":981},{},[84195],{"data":84196,"marks":84197,"value":84199,"nodeType":865},{},[84198],{"type":926},"The future of phishing detection and response is browser based",{"data":84201,"content":84202,"nodeType":866},{},[84203],{"data":84204,"marks":84205,"value":84206,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push provides a browser-based identity security solution that intercepts phishing attacks as they happen — in employee browsers. Being in the browser delivers a lot of advantages when it comes to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks. You see the live webpage that the user sees, as they see it, meaning you have much better visibility of malicious elements running on the page. It also means that you can implement real-time controls that kick in when a malicious element is detected. ",{"data":84208,"content":84209,"nodeType":866},{},[84210],{"data":84211,"marks":84212,"value":84213,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a phishing attack hits a user with Push, regardless of the delivery channel, our browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page, detecting that:",{"data":84215,"content":84216,"nodeType":1616},{},[84217,84227,84237],{"data":84218,"content":84219,"nodeType":1570},{},[84220],{"data":84221,"content":84222,"nodeType":866},{},[84223],{"data":84224,"marks":84225,"value":84226,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The password the user is entering into the phishing site has been used to log into another site previously. This means that the password is being reused (bad) or the user is being phished (even worse).  ",{"data":84228,"content":84229,"nodeType":1570},{},[84230],{"data":84231,"content":84232,"nodeType":866},{},[84233],{"data":84234,"marks":84235,"value":84236,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The web page is cloned from a legitimate login page that has been fingerprinted by Push. ",{"data":84238,"content":84239,"nodeType":1570},{},[84240],{"data":84241,"content":84242,"nodeType":866},{},[84243],{"data":84244,"marks":84245,"value":84246,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A phishing toolkit is running on the web page. ",{"data":84248,"content":84249,"nodeType":866},{},[84250],{"data":84251,"marks":84252,"value":84253,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a result, the user is blocked from interacting with the phishing site and prevented from continuing. ",{"data":84255,"content":84256,"nodeType":866},{},[84257,84262,84271],{"data":84258,"marks":84259,"value":84261,"nodeType":865},{},[84260],{"type":926},"These are good examples of detections that are difficult (or impossible) for an attacker to evade — you can’t phish a victim if they can’t enter their credentials into your phishing site! ",{"data":84263,"content":84265,"nodeType":889},{"uri":84264},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[84266],{"data":84267,"marks":84268,"value":84270,"nodeType":865},{},[84269],{"type":943},"Find out more about how Push detects and blocks phishing attacks here.",{"data":84272,"marks":84273,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":84275,"content":84278,"nodeType":912},{"target":84276},{"sys":84277},{"id":81339,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":84280,"content":84284,"nodeType":912},{"target":84281},{"sys":84282},{"id":84283,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4PJKxWTroEPohYm4mklfl6",[],{"data":84286,"content":84287,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84289,"content":84290,"nodeType":981},{},[84291],{"data":84292,"marks":84293,"value":11295,"nodeType":865},{},[84294],{"type":926},{"data":84296,"content":84297,"nodeType":866},{},[84298],{"data":84299,"marks":84300,"value":81640,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":84302,"content":84303,"nodeType":866},{},[84304,84307,84314],{"data":84305,"marks":84306,"value":72007,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":84308,"content":84309,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81649},[84310],{"data":84311,"marks":84312,"value":13456,"nodeType":865},{},[84313],{"type":943},{"data":84315,"marks":84316,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":84318,"content":84321,"nodeType":912},{"target":84319},{"sys":84320},{"id":80954,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":84323,"content":84324,"nodeType":866},{},[84325],{"data":84326,"marks":84327,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":84329},{"hyperlink":84330,"inline":84331,"block":84332},[],[],[84333,84340,84346,84352,84356,84363,84368,84371,84375],{"sys":84334,"__typename":1390,"title":84335,"caption":84335,"layoutMode":59,"file":84336},{"id":83784},"Implementing bot checks like Clouflare Turnstile is an effective way to bypass sandbox analysis tools",{"url":84337,"width":84338,"height":84339},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/DbEYzQt7m3jY56ALCYWEy/59846e7bd4a3ed204722a9d561e97231/image2.png",938,361,{"sys":84341,"__typename":1390,"title":84342,"caption":84342,"layoutMode":59,"file":84343},{"id":83810},"Attackers are bypassing email by targeting their victims across IM, social media, using malicious ads, and by sending messages using trusted apps",{"url":84344,"width":1402,"height":84345},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/70wT3oO5yuDvKcdVDTwsca/0bebd357b1f6c61ff690fcdc3af297fe/image6.png",874,{"sys":84347,"__typename":1390,"title":84348,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":84349},{"id":83890},"EDR enabled real-time detection and response at the OS level rather than relying on traffic to and from the endpoint. ",{"url":84350,"width":1402,"height":84351},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3gSjR1ecPh6HIhaG27mMLl/018623f5cadfa9866a2b452899c6357e/image5.png",1187,{"sys":84353,"__typename":1390,"title":84354,"caption":84354,"layoutMode":59,"file":84355},{"id":83910},"Current phishing detection isn’t in the right place to observe and stop malicious activity in real time.",{"url":78739,"width":78740,"height":78741},{"sys":84357,"__typename":1390,"title":84358,"caption":84359,"layoutMode":59,"file":84360},{"id":84080},"Phishing pyramid of pain","Getting real-time visibility of page/user behavior and malicious toolkits running on the page is key to moving to TTP-based detections, rather than chasing quickly-changing IoCs",{"url":84361,"width":1402,"height":84362},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4uJD4Qgy3EH0x2ilhV7UsO/262f91bd23f54d557a2cc1da1a8ac6d8/image1.png",1352,{"sys":84364,"__typename":1390,"title":84365,"caption":84366,"layoutMode":59,"file":84367},{"id":84093},"Browser activity detection","Being in the browser gives you unrivalled visibility of phishing page activity and user behavior",{"url":78746,"width":78747,"height":78748},{"sys":84369,"__typename":1390,"title":81891,"caption":81892,"layoutMode":59,"file":84370},{"id":81339},{"url":81894,"width":81895,"height":81896},{"sys":84372,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":84373,"buttonLabel":84374,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":67895},{"id":84283},"See how Push detects and blocks phishing attacks in the browser.","Read the Blog",{"sys":84376,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":81844,"buttonLabel":64043,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":81845},{"id":80954},{"items":84378},[],{},"Three reasons why browser is best for stopping phishing","2025-04-28T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":84383},[84384,84866,85645],{"__typename":1429,"sys":84385,"content":84387,"title":84852,"synopsis":84853,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":84854,"slug":84855,"tagsCollection":84856,"authorsCollection":84862},{"id":84386},"51p0V5Vr4I9rapUytBWX0R",{"json":84388},{"data":84389,"content":84390,"nodeType":1382},{},[84391,84398,84405,84412,84417,84424,84430,84437,84444,84447,84455,84462,84469,84492,84499,84502,84510,84525,84531,84538,84544,84551,84558,84561,84569,84588,84594,84601,84607,84610,84618,84638,84644,84651,84657,84677,84683,84689,84692,84700,84707,84714,84719,84722,84730,84737,84744,84747,84755,84762,84769,84775,84782,84815,84821,84828,84835],{"data":84392,"content":84393,"nodeType":981},{},[84394],{"data":84395,"marks":84396,"value":50680,"nodeType":865},{},[84397],{"type":926},{"data":84399,"content":84400,"nodeType":866},{},[84401],{"data":84402,"marks":84403,"value":84404,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On April 11th our browser-based phishing detection controls were triggered for a user with the Push extension installed. ",{"data":84406,"content":84407,"nodeType":866},{},[84408],{"data":84409,"marks":84410,"value":84411,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The user had visited the url dashboard[.]onfido[.].us[.]com after entering a Google search for ‘onfido’, a site they had previously accessed for work and had an account on. A convincing looking Google ad duped the user into clicking the fake link.",{"data":84413,"content":84416,"nodeType":912},{"target":84414},{"sys":84415},{"id":64521,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":84418,"content":84419,"nodeType":866},{},[84420],{"data":84421,"marks":84422,"value":84423,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Although the page was not the official login page for Onfido, it appeared legitimate enough at first glance to trick the user. ",{"data":84425,"content":84429,"nodeType":912},{"target":84426},{"sys":84427},{"id":84428,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4Tp1RJ3eSx7r79wwm9d9DZ",[],{"data":84431,"content":84432,"nodeType":866},{},[84433],{"data":84434,"marks":84435,"value":84436,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After clicking the link, the user was blocked from interacting with the malicious page running Evilginx by Push. We then took action to identify other Onfido users within the Push customer base and notify them accordingly of the campaign. ",{"data":84438,"content":84439,"nodeType":866},{},[84440],{"data":84441,"marks":84442,"value":84443,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are a few interesting elements worth exploring. Let’s dive in. ",{"data":84445,"content":84446,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84448,"content":84449,"nodeType":981},{},[84450],{"data":84451,"marks":84452,"value":84454,"nodeType":865},{},[84453],{"type":926},"Why Onfido?",{"data":84456,"content":84457,"nodeType":866},{},[84458],{"data":84459,"marks":84460,"value":84461,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Onfido is an interesting choice. It’s not your typical phishing target, which points to an interesting trend we’ve observed where attackers are diversifying their phishing targets. ",{"data":84463,"content":84464,"nodeType":866},{},[84465],{"data":84466,"marks":84467,"value":84468,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are two main reasons for this:",{"data":84470,"content":84471,"nodeType":1616},{},[84472,84482],{"data":84473,"content":84474,"nodeType":1570},{},[84475],{"data":84476,"content":84477,"nodeType":866},{},[84478],{"data":84479,"marks":84480,"value":84481,"nodeType":865},{},[],"People are becoming increasingly suspicious of phishing attacks targeting core apps such as Microsoft, Google, Okta, etc. and are much more likely to spot real vs fake pages. ",{"data":84483,"content":84484,"nodeType":1570},{},[84485],{"data":84486,"content":84487,"nodeType":866},{},[84488],{"data":84489,"marks":84490,"value":84491,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because highly targeted apps like IdPs and enterprise cloud platforms are becoming increasingly hardened from an identity perspective, attackers have a lower chance of success relative to accounts on the long tail of internet apps used by an organization — many of which simply cannot be securely configured in the same way (e.g. no passkey/WebAuthn support, limited admin controls to discover and remediate identity security gaps, etc.). ",{"data":84493,"content":84494,"nodeType":866},{},[84495],{"data":84496,"marks":84497,"value":84498,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Onfido is also an interesting example in that it definitely contains valuable data that attackers can take advantage of. As a digital identity solution, it presents a significant risk from both a personal and company perspective if compromised, with plenty of PII that can be leveraged to extort a victim — and clear bad press (and possible regulator scrutiny) if the data is leaked!",{"data":84500,"content":84501,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84503,"content":84504,"nodeType":981},{},[84505],{"data":84506,"marks":84507,"value":84509,"nodeType":865},{},[84508],{"type":926},"Why Google ads?",{"data":84511,"content":84512,"nodeType":866},{},[84513,84517,84521],{"data":84514,"marks":84515,"value":84516,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack is a form of ",{"data":84518,"marks":84519,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[84520],{"type":926},{"data":84522,"marks":84523,"value":84524,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where attackers distribute malicious links via ads — in this case, via Google. This is just one example of the many non-email phishing channels that attackers have at their disposal today. ",{"data":84526,"content":84530,"nodeType":912},{"target":84527},{"sys":84528},{"id":84529,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7kfeOKGXEWVL5RW5jFnQBo",[],{"data":84532,"content":84533,"nodeType":866},{},[84534],{"data":84535,"marks":84536,"value":84537,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The use of malvertising has a couple of notable advantages here. Namely, because Google ads do not use the same reputation-based checks as an email security provider does, the attacker can use freshly created domains to conduct the attack. Usually, attackers would aim to take over existing domains with a reputation already built up, or spend 6-12 months bedding in their domains so that they pass mail filters. ",{"data":84539,"content":84543,"nodeType":912},{"target":84540},{"sys":84541},{"id":84542,"type":909,"linkType":910},"499fj1Xark8Bj7iQjv9Vsm",[],{"data":84545,"content":84546,"nodeType":866},{},[84547],{"data":84548,"marks":84549,"value":84550,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But in this case, the domain was registered only shortly before being used. We detected it only a few hours after it had been registered — and it’s already been taken down since (no doubt to be replaced with the next one). This means it’s easy for attackers to spin up these malvertising campaigns at will, without any real forward planning. ",{"data":84552,"content":84553,"nodeType":866},{},[84554],{"data":84555,"marks":84556,"value":84557,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In fact, malvertising doesn’t require much effort on the attacker’s part whatsoever. As a watering hole, you put the link up and wait for the clicks to roll in. Unfortunately, many people Google search for sites that they frequently use rather than accessing via bookmark, opening them up to these kinds of malvertising attacks. ",{"data":84559,"content":84560,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84562,"content":84563,"nodeType":1317},{},[84564],{"data":84565,"marks":84566,"value":84568,"nodeType":865},{},[84567],{"type":926},"No frills ",{"data":84570,"content":84571,"nodeType":866},{},[84572,84576,84584],{"data":84573,"marks":84574,"value":84575,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unlike many of the other campaigns using MFA-bypass phishing kits we’ve seen in the wild, the attacker put very little effort into obfuscating the malicious page. We’ve seen some using things like Cloudflare Turnstile, CAPTCHA, or even ",{"data":84577,"content":84578,"nodeType":889},{"uri":77030},[84579],{"data":84580,"marks":84581,"value":84583,"nodeType":865},{},[84582],{"type":943},"Consent Phishing for OIDC scopes ",{"data":84585,"marks":84586,"value":84587,"nodeType":865},{},[],"to break sandbox detections and prevent security tools from reaching the malicious content to analyze it. ",{"data":84589,"content":84593,"nodeType":912},{"target":84590},{"sys":84591},{"id":84592,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7csybR6fJlCWsRy91CbNYL",[],{"data":84595,"content":84596,"nodeType":866},{},[84597],{"data":84598,"marks":84599,"value":84600,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That said, there was evidence to suggest that the domain required a specific URL path — namely, the page must be accessed via Google ads to load. When the page was accessed without the correct parameters set, we were forwarded to a nonexistent page within the legitimate onfido.com domain, resulting in a 404 error.",{"data":84602,"content":84606,"nodeType":912},{"target":84603},{"sys":84604},{"id":84605,"type":909,"linkType":910},"658fTppp0l1YkoMERiQ1Oj",[],{"data":84608,"content":84609,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84611,"content":84612,"nodeType":981},{},[84613],{"data":84614,"marks":84615,"value":84617,"nodeType":865},{},[84616],{"type":926},"What’s interesting about the domain?",{"data":84619,"content":84620,"nodeType":866},{},[84621,84625,84634],{"data":84622,"marks":84623,"value":84624,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the things that really stood out to us was the hosting domain — ",{"data":84626,"content":84628,"nodeType":889},{"uri":84627},"http://us.com",[84629],{"data":84630,"marks":84631,"value":84633,"nodeType":865},{},[84632],{"type":943},"us.com",{"data":84635,"marks":84636,"value":84637,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Unlike the official government TLD .us, us.com is designed to look and feel legit but does not require any US affiliation or evidence of a US presence. This isn’t a TLD, it’s just a domain selling subdomains within their domain. This means there’s no WHOIS information available on the domains. ",{"data":84639,"content":84643,"nodeType":912},{"target":84640},{"sys":84641},{"id":84642,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7HtOWLePxPclyfODqC0oR",[],{"data":84645,"content":84646,"nodeType":866},{},[84647],{"data":84648,"marks":84649,"value":84650,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is incredibly deceptive to the user and will fool many people glancing at the link. It doesn’t look as obviously suspicious as your .xyz or .biz and has the feel of a legitimate domain. It’s also incredibly cheap to pick up .us.com domains right now. ",{"data":84652,"content":84656,"nodeType":912},{"target":84653},{"sys":84654},{"id":84655,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5CHWwlH2ZFZiVOQWMpkquy",[],{"data":84658,"content":84659,"nodeType":866},{},[84660,84664,84673],{"data":84661,"marks":84662,"value":84663,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can find additional information on ",{"data":84665,"content":84667,"nodeType":889},{"uri":84666},"https://urlscan.io/result/0196338c-75ea-720c-a0e4-c2898acc4779/",[84668],{"data":84669,"marks":84670,"value":84672,"nodeType":865},{},[84671],{"type":943},"urlscan",{"data":84674,"marks":84675,"value":84676,"nodeType":865},{},[]," here.",{"data":84678,"content":84682,"nodeType":912},{"target":84679},{"sys":84680},{"id":84681,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6hdBHT8SrC6z7O0gIc7xnh",[],{"data":84684,"content":84688,"nodeType":912},{"target":84685},{"sys":84686},{"id":84687,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3KxFiCeGlk7fVC8k1oo7cX",[],{"data":84690,"content":84691,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84693,"content":84694,"nodeType":981},{},[84695],{"data":84696,"marks":84697,"value":84699,"nodeType":865},{},[84698],{"type":926},"Isn’t Evilginx a red team tool?",{"data":84701,"content":84702,"nodeType":866},{},[84703],{"data":84704,"marks":84705,"value":84706,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Evilginx is nominally a red team tool, but we frequently spot it being used in phishing campaigns against our customers. Evilginx is a great choice for attackers looking to target non-standard web apps because it is capable of emulating a range of domains — it’s designed to be flexible and work for any page without generating a load of custom JavaScript that might stand out to security tools/analysts. ",{"data":84708,"content":84709,"nodeType":866},{},[84710],{"data":84711,"marks":84712,"value":84713,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want to see an example of Evilginx being used to phish a user, check out the example below. ",{"data":84715,"content":84718,"nodeType":912},{"target":84716},{"sys":84717},{"id":81041,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":84720,"content":84721,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84723,"content":84724,"nodeType":981},{},[84725],{"data":84726,"marks":84727,"value":84729,"nodeType":865},{},[84728],{"type":926},"What can you do about it?",{"data":84731,"content":84732,"nodeType":866},{},[84733],{"data":84734,"marks":84735,"value":84736,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There’s not a huge amount of impartial advice to give here unfortunately. With malicious Google ads not going away anytime soon, response action is limited. If you are an Onfido user, be sure to block the URL and any related patterns (we noticed that after appearing to have been taken down initially, the site has reappeared at dashboard[.]onfido[.]us[.]com/users/sign_in and no longer appears to require the same URL path). However, it goes without saying that this is a temporary measure and the attacker will no doubt rotate the domain in the near future. ",{"data":84738,"content":84739,"nodeType":866},{},[84740],{"data":84741,"marks":84742,"value":84743,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One good option is to encourage your users to bookmark their links rather than Google searching for the page. If you’re using an IdP with an application dashboard like Okta, Microsoft, or Google, this provides a convenient way to find all your apps in one place. ",{"data":84745,"content":84746,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84748,"content":84749,"nodeType":981},{},[84750],{"data":84751,"marks":84752,"value":84754,"nodeType":865},{},[84753],{"type":926},"Bonus: How Push stopped the attack",{"data":84756,"content":84757,"nodeType":866},{},[84758],{"data":84759,"marks":84760,"value":84761,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Interested in how we stopped the attack?",{"data":84763,"content":84764,"nodeType":866},{},[84765],{"data":84766,"marks":84767,"value":84768,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When the user visited the page, Push detected Evilginx running on the page and blocked the user. Check it out.",{"data":84770,"content":84774,"nodeType":912},{"target":84771},{"sys":84772},{"id":84773,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5QavzZPS4siFvHCBhpujEe",[],{"data":84776,"content":84777,"nodeType":866},{},[84778],{"data":84779,"marks":84780,"value":84781,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using our browser-based security platform, you can also see all users with an account on Onfido across your workforce. Using Push, you can:",{"data":84783,"content":84784,"nodeType":1616},{},[84785,84795,84805],{"data":84786,"content":84787,"nodeType":1570},{},[84788],{"data":84789,"content":84790,"nodeType":866},{},[84791],{"data":84792,"marks":84793,"value":84794,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Quickly identify which users have a password-based login set for their account (and therefore could be phished). ",{"data":84796,"content":84797,"nodeType":1570},{},[84798],{"data":84799,"content":84800,"nodeType":866},{},[84801],{"data":84802,"marks":84803,"value":84804,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identify users to enable them to be contacted about the attacks targeting Onfido.",{"data":84806,"content":84807,"nodeType":1570},{},[84808],{"data":84809,"content":84810,"nodeType":866},{},[84811],{"data":84812,"marks":84813,"value":84814,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Set an app banner for Onfido warning users of the attacks and guiding them to access and login to the app via your SSO solution. ",{"data":84816,"content":84820,"nodeType":912},{"target":84817},{"sys":84818},{"id":84819,"type":909,"linkType":910},"23B4EHUs1vt0se5r1cUI4t",[],{"data":84822,"content":84823,"nodeType":1317},{},[84824],{"data":84825,"marks":84826,"value":66809,"nodeType":865},{},[84827],{"type":926},{"data":84829,"content":84830,"nodeType":866},{},[84831],{"data":84832,"marks":84833,"value":84834,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It doesn’t stop there — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":84836,"content":84837,"nodeType":866},{},[84838,84842,84848],{"data":84839,"marks":84840,"value":84841,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat advanced identity attack techniques in the browser, ",{"data":84843,"content":84844,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1372},[84845],{"data":84846,"marks":84847,"value":66824,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":84849,"marks":84850,"value":84851,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for a live demo.","Investigating a recent malvertising campaign targeting Onfido customers","We recently investigated a malvertising campaign using Evilginx to target Onfido customers via Google ads.","2025-04-15T00:00:00.000Z","investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers",{"items":84857},[84858,84860],{"sys":84859,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":84861,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":84863},[84864],{"fullName":22471,"firstName":22472,"jobTitle":22473,"profilePicture":84865},{"url":22475},{"__typename":1429,"sys":84867,"content":84869,"title":85631,"synopsis":85632,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":85633,"slug":85634,"tagsCollection":85635,"authorsCollection":85641},{"id":84868},"3RhqaMQEBAQBdfHDQeoELF",{"json":84870},{"data":84871,"content":84872,"nodeType":1382},{},[84873,84880,84913,84920,84939,84946,84949,84956,84963,84969,84976,84982,84988,84995,85012,85018,85025,85028,85036,85055,85078,85085,85093,85100,85107,85113,85121,85141,85160,85166,85173,85179,85187,85219,85225,85232,85235,85243,85250,85270,85277,85283,85291,85298,85305,85312,85319,85387,85394,85402,85421,85427,85434,85441,85447,85454,85460,85468,85475,85481,85487,85494,85497,85504,85534,85541,85560,85567,85578,85585,85588,85595,85614],{"data":84874,"content":84875,"nodeType":866},{},[84876],{"data":84877,"marks":84878,"value":84879,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing attacks using Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) kits are increasingly the default for both credential harvesting campaigns and targeted phishing attacks. It’s easy to see why, too:",{"data":84881,"content":84882,"nodeType":1616},{},[84883,84893,84903],{"data":84884,"content":84885,"nodeType":1570},{},[84886],{"data":84887,"content":84888,"nodeType":866},{},[84889],{"data":84890,"marks":84891,"value":84892,"nodeType":865},{},[],"They’re very difficult to spot as a user and often function like the real page should, logging the victim into the genuine site once the phish is complete",{"data":84894,"content":84895,"nodeType":1570},{},[84896],{"data":84897,"content":84898,"nodeType":866},{},[84899],{"data":84900,"marks":84901,"value":84902,"nodeType":865},{},[],"They’re incredibly scalable, and attackers have an increasing number of options to choose from when it comes to off-the-shelf tools and commercial Phishing-as-a-Service offerings ",{"data":84904,"content":84905,"nodeType":1570},{},[84906],{"data":84907,"content":84908,"nodeType":866},{},[84909],{"data":84910,"marks":84911,"value":84912,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And most importantly, they reliably bypass 99% of the MFA methods encountered in the wild, defeating OTP, SMS and push-based authentication",{"data":84914,"content":84915,"nodeType":866},{},[84916],{"data":84917,"marks":84918,"value":84919,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are basically no downsides to AitM for an attacker. But all the same, they don’t get all that much publicity — probably because traditional phishing prevention solutions are failing to detect them (before the attack succeeds, anyway — and nobody really wants to own up to that). ",{"data":84921,"content":84922,"nodeType":866},{},[84923,84927,84936],{"data":84924,"marks":84925,"value":84926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, it’s refreshing to see Troy Hunt, creator of the widely used Have I Been Pwned (HIBP) service, ",{"data":84928,"content":84930,"nodeType":889},{"uri":84929},"https://www.troyhunt.com/a-sneaky-phish-just-grabbed-my-mailchimp-mailing-list/",[84931],{"data":84932,"marks":84933,"value":84935,"nodeType":865},{},[84934],{"type":943},"publicly discussing a recent attack he fell victim to",{"data":84937,"marks":84938,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":84940,"content":84941,"nodeType":866},{},[84942],{"data":84943,"marks":84944,"value":84945,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Before we consider the significance of Troy failing to spot the phish — the creator of one of the most widely used services for stolen passwords, working with government on phishing prevention guidance — let's start by breaking down the attack itself. ",{"data":84947,"content":84948,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":84950,"content":84951,"nodeType":981},{},[84952],{"data":84953,"marks":84954,"value":50680,"nodeType":865},{},[84955],{"type":926},{"data":84957,"content":84958,"nodeType":866},{},[84959],{"data":84960,"marks":84961,"value":84962,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Troy received a phishing email appearing to be from MailChimp prompting him to sign into his account, with the lure informing him it had had been restricted due to a spam complaint",{"data":84964,"content":84968,"nodeType":912},{"target":84965},{"sys":84966},{"id":84967,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5A4CPvTyKhClC8LgHY5916",[],{"data":84970,"content":84971,"nodeType":866},{},[84972],{"data":84973,"marks":84974,"value":84975,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The email matched Mailchimp’s brand, but the sender address was obviously suspicious. Unfortunately, Troy initially accessed the email via mobile, which hid the sender address — which he then missed when accessing from his PC. ",{"data":84977,"content":84981,"nodeType":912},{"target":84978},{"sys":84979},{"id":84980,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1JWw4jO3qxxJeHO3qtMuZc",[],{"data":84983,"content":84987,"nodeType":912},{"target":84984},{"sys":84985},{"id":84986,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1ebM2R90arTKlCmxmtvYjz",[],{"data":84989,"content":84990,"nodeType":866},{},[84991],{"data":84992,"marks":84993,"value":84994,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Troy was directed to the page hxxps://mailchimp-sso.com. Troy entered his credentials and MFA token and logged in. The page hung and he realized he had been phished…",{"data":84996,"content":84997,"nodeType":866},{},[84998,85002,85009],{"data":84999,"marks":85000,"value":85001,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack then automatically executed, with the attacker exporting 16,000 contact records from MailChimp and creating an API key to provide backdoor access to the app (a form of ",{"data":85003,"content":85004,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37262},[85005],{"data":85006,"marks":85007,"value":69502,"nodeType":865},{},[85008],{"type":943},{"data":85010,"marks":85011,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":85013,"content":85017,"nodeType":912},{"target":85014},{"sys":85015},{"id":85016,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2MDWfQFU69GaiMCxdvvq8U",[],{"data":85019,"content":85020,"nodeType":866},{},[85021],{"data":85022,"marks":85023,"value":85024,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s have a look at what makes this attack interesting. ",{"data":85026,"content":85027,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":85029,"content":85030,"nodeType":981},{},[85031],{"data":85032,"marks":85033,"value":85035,"nodeType":865},{},[85034],{"type":926},"Breaking the attack down",{"data":85037,"content":85038,"nodeType":866},{},[85039,85043,85051],{"data":85040,"marks":85041,"value":85042,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As far as ",{"data":85044,"content":85045,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81132},[85046],{"data":85047,"marks":85048,"value":85050,"nodeType":865},{},[85049],{"type":943},"some of the AitM attacks we’ve observed in the wild",{"data":85052,"marks":85053,"value":85054,"nodeType":865},{},[]," go, this wasn’t the most advanced example we’ve seen: ",{"data":85056,"content":85057,"nodeType":1616},{},[85058,85068],{"data":85059,"content":85060,"nodeType":1570},{},[85061],{"data":85062,"content":85063,"nodeType":866},{},[85064],{"data":85065,"marks":85066,"value":85067,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It didn’t try to obfuscate the notably suspicious sender address or use a legit SaaS service to give the email sender a reputable domain.",{"data":85069,"content":85070,"nodeType":1570},{},[85071],{"data":85072,"content":85073,"nodeType":866},{},[85074],{"data":85075,"marks":85076,"value":85077,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It didn’t see the victim access the real login page, and instead terminated the connection at the point the credentials were captured — meaning Troy was immediately suspicious (I guess it doesn’t really matter given the attack executed instantly, automatically).",{"data":85079,"content":85080,"nodeType":866},{},[85081],{"data":85082,"marks":85083,"value":85084,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That said, it did use a few interesting tricks and techniques. ",{"data":85086,"content":85087,"nodeType":1317},{},[85088],{"data":85089,"marks":85090,"value":85092,"nodeType":865},{},[85091],{"type":926},"Enumerating suitable victims",{"data":85094,"content":85095,"nodeType":866},{},[85096],{"data":85097,"marks":85098,"value":85099,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s notable that Troy claims the email he used to access MailChimp wasn’t used anywhere else — meaning the attacker probably guessed it. The domain is partially obscured here but it's likely that this is Troy’s own personal domain. It isn’t too much of a stretch to imagine that organizations frequently set up dedicated email addresses for their MailChimp accounts or newsletters generally (e.g. mailchimp@exampledomain.com). ",{"data":85101,"content":85102,"nodeType":866},{},[85103],{"data":85104,"marks":85105,"value":85106,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Undeniably, Troy’s MailChimp account is probably more of a target than most given the success of his newsletter, but it’s still likely that the attacker spammed many possible address and domain combinations to see what stuck. There’s a degree of luck, but also some smart guesswork at play here. ",{"data":85108,"content":85112,"nodeType":912},{"target":85109},{"sys":85110},{"id":85111,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5TgXthj5tsvWX87QHZH1WQ",[],{"data":85114,"content":85115,"nodeType":1317},{},[85116],{"data":85117,"marks":85118,"value":85120,"nodeType":865},{},[85119],{"type":926},"Using legit services like Cloudflare to defeat detections ",{"data":85122,"content":85123,"nodeType":866},{},[85124,85128,85137],{"data":85125,"marks":85126,"value":85127,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker used Cloudflare to host the domain, which is ",{"data":85129,"content":85131,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85130},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection/",[85132],{"data":85133,"marks":85134,"value":85136,"nodeType":865},{},[85135],{"type":943},"consistent with what we’ve observed attackers doing in the wild",{"data":85138,"marks":85139,"value":85140,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Even if this means that Cloudflare will probably take the domain down eventually, they aren’t great at identifying the page right away. Given the rate at which attacker infrastructure is burned and rotated, the pros outweigh the cons for the attacker by giving the site legitimate hosting infrastructure, which can defeat some of the common checks performed by anti-phishing tools.",{"data":85142,"content":85143,"nodeType":866},{},[85144,85148,85156],{"data":85145,"marks":85146,"value":85147,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Troy also mentions seeing a 'Cloudflare anti-automation widget' when accessing the page, which is most likely Cloudflare Turnstile — a creative alternative to CAPTCHA to prevent security bots from accessing and loading malicious pages to analyse them. We've seen attackers use Turnstile ",{"data":85149,"content":85150,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85130},[85151],{"data":85152,"marks":85153,"value":85155,"nodeType":865},{},[85154],{"type":943},"along with a host of other obfuscation techniques",{"data":85157,"marks":85158,"value":85159,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to defeat common detections by preventing security tools from analysing the malicious page. ",{"data":85161,"content":85165,"nodeType":912},{"target":85162},{"sys":85163},{"id":85164,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2X1r1qbE5CVcJ0xVcESGK7",[],{"data":85167,"content":85168,"nodeType":866},{},[85169],{"data":85170,"marks":85171,"value":85172,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Although this page has now been taken down, the campaign undoubtedly continues — another will have been rotated in to take its place. ",{"data":85174,"content":85178,"nodeType":912},{"target":85175},{"sys":85176},{"id":85177,"type":909,"linkType":910},"26wnNFTED2f6O1HtqL3Cgu",[],{"data":85180,"content":85181,"nodeType":1317},{},[85182],{"data":85183,"marks":85184,"value":85186,"nodeType":865},{},[85185],{"type":926},"Configuring ghost logins via API keys to backdoor the account ",{"data":85188,"content":85189,"nodeType":866},{},[85190,85194,85203,85207,85215],{"data":85191,"marks":85192,"value":85193,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker also configured an API key — a smart way to backdoor an app and something we’ve previously ",{"data":85195,"content":85197,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85196},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/phishing-detecting-evilginx-evilnovnc-muraena-and-modlishka",[85198],{"data":85199,"marks":85200,"value":85202,"nodeType":865},{},[85201],{"type":943},"demonstrated in our webinars",{"data":85204,"marks":85205,"value":85206,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as a ",{"data":85208,"content":85209,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10205},[85210],{"data":85211,"marks":85212,"value":85214,"nodeType":865},{},[85213],{"type":943},"SaaS-native attack technique",{"data":85216,"marks":85217,"value":85218,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for persistence. It means that even if the credentials are changed, the attacker can maintain access to the account.",{"data":85220,"content":85224,"nodeType":912},{"target":85221},{"sys":85222},{"id":85223,"type":909,"linkType":910},"35GkKL1rXnWHNZa1EBHLyD",[],{"data":85226,"content":85227,"nodeType":866},{},[85228],{"data":85229,"marks":85230,"value":85231,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now, as a security pro, Troy noticed this and deleted it — but many less technical victims wouldn’t know to do this. It’s also not unusual for automated emails from applications to go to spam — meaning some victims potentially wouldn’t spot the notification sent to them. ",{"data":85233,"content":85234,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":85236,"content":85237,"nodeType":981},{},[85238],{"data":85239,"marks":85240,"value":85242,"nodeType":865},{},[85241],{"type":926},"But — why MailChimp? ",{"data":85244,"content":85245,"nodeType":866},{},[85246],{"data":85247,"marks":85248,"value":85249,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This was the big question we asked ourselves when looking into this attack. Most phishing attacks targeting businesses tend to focus on core platforms like Microsoft, Google Workspace, etc. — usually Identity Providers (IdPs) that provide both access to email and downstream apps via SSO. It’s the biggest bang for their buck and most tooling is preconfigured to support these platforms. So MailChimp seems an unusual choice at first glance. ",{"data":85251,"content":85252,"nodeType":866},{},[85253,85257,85266],{"data":85254,"marks":85255,"value":85256,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But, we’ve seen recently that it's getting easier for attackers to ",{"data":85258,"content":85260,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85259},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/darcula-phaas-can-now-auto-generate-phishing-kits-for-any-brand/",[85261],{"data":85262,"marks":85263,"value":85265,"nodeType":865},{},[85264],{"type":943},"impersonate a broader range of brands",{"data":85267,"marks":85268,"value":85269,"nodeType":865},{},[],". And there’s something to be said for targeting an app like MailChimp — your guard is naturally probably lower than it would be for a Microsoft-based phish, increasing the chance of success. ",{"data":85271,"content":85272,"nodeType":866},{},[85273],{"data":85274,"marks":85275,"value":85276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But what’s the payout? The data collected doesn’t seem to be overly valuable — 16k records including email address, IP, and rough geolocation data. Not particularly exploitable by itself…",{"data":85278,"content":85282,"nodeType":912},{"target":85279},{"sys":85280},{"id":85281,"type":909,"linkType":910},"OjZtHXit6WO6Zd9tCUYpJ",[],{"data":85284,"content":85285,"nodeType":1317},{},[85286],{"data":85287,"marks":85288,"value":85290,"nodeType":865},{},[85289],{"type":926},"Part of a multi stage attack? ",{"data":85292,"content":85293,"nodeType":866},{},[85294],{"data":85295,"marks":85296,"value":85297,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This gets a lot more interesting when you consider the different things an attacker might do as part of a broader campaign. ",{"data":85299,"content":85300,"nodeType":866},{},[85301],{"data":85302,"marks":85303,"value":85304,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With access to MailChimp, an attacker can send emails on behalf of the compromised account. These emails are highly trusted and expected from the sender, meaning people receiving them are much more likely to engage with the content, click the links, etc. ",{"data":85306,"content":85307,"nodeType":866},{},[85308],{"data":85309,"marks":85310,"value":85311,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So what if an attacker compromised an account, inserted a load of malicious links into the newsletter, and used it in itself as a mass-phishing vector, designed to capture user credentials or deliver malware? Pretty devious! If you scale this up across multiple victims (and not all of them realize that they’ve been phished) you’ve suddenly got your hands on an incredibly valuable phishing vector that is much more likely to succeed than your average cold approach. ",{"data":85313,"content":85314,"nodeType":866},{},[85315],{"data":85316,"marks":85317,"value":85318,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Then, with the additional victims, you could target accounts that are much more inherently valuable to an attacker. You could:",{"data":85320,"content":85321,"nodeType":1616},{},[85322,85354,85377],{"data":85323,"content":85324,"nodeType":1570},{},[85325],{"data":85326,"content":85327,"nodeType":866},{},[85328,85332,85339,85343,85350],{"data":85329,"marks":85330,"value":85331,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Deploy infostealer malware, which has dominated the headlines since the success of the ",{"data":85333,"content":85334,"nodeType":889},{"uri":3488},[85335],{"data":85336,"marks":85337,"value":16180,"nodeType":865},{},[85338],{"type":943},{"data":85340,"marks":85341,"value":85342,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks last year, and are continually resulting in data breaches via attackers logging into apps using stolen credentials such as the recent attacks on ",{"data":85344,"content":85345,"nodeType":889},{"uri":18342},[85346],{"data":85347,"marks":85348,"value":65786,"nodeType":865},{},[85349],{"type":943},{"data":85351,"marks":85352,"value":85353,"nodeType":865},{},[]," platforms.",{"data":85355,"content":85356,"nodeType":1570},{},[85357],{"data":85358,"content":85359,"nodeType":866},{},[85360,85364,85373],{"data":85361,"marks":85362,"value":85363,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Target personal apps for banking, email, e-com, and other easily monetizable services — which is increasingly easy to do at-scale using ",{"data":85365,"content":85367,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85366},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-atlantis-aio-automates-credential-stuffing-on-140-services/",[85368],{"data":85369,"marks":85370,"value":85372,"nodeType":865},{},[85371],{"type":943},"tooling for hire",{"data":85374,"marks":85375,"value":85376,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with stolen credentials.",{"data":85378,"content":85379,"nodeType":1570},{},[85380],{"data":85381,"content":85382,"nodeType":866},{},[85383],{"data":85384,"marks":85385,"value":85386,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even attempt to deploy ransomware and other malicious software to progress an attack on user devices and networks (a pretty relevant use case for the many subscribers of Troy’s newsletter accessing it on their corporate device!).",{"data":85388,"content":85389,"nodeType":866},{},[85390],{"data":85391,"marks":85392,"value":85393,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even grabbing the list of newsletter sign-ups could enable the attacker to perform this attack from a different MailChimp account, so anyone subscribed to Troy’s newsletter should be wary of emails impersonating Troy’s newsletter reaching them from a different sender address than usual. ",{"data":85395,"content":85396,"nodeType":1317},{},[85397],{"data":85398,"marks":85399,"value":85401,"nodeType":865},{},[85400],{"type":926},"Account security limitations",{"data":85403,"content":85404,"nodeType":866},{},[85405,85409,85417],{"data":85406,"marks":85407,"value":85408,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the theme of MailChimp, it’s also notable that MailChimp doesn’t appear to offer SAML support. ",{"data":85410,"content":85412,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85411},"https://www.okta.com/integrations/mailchimp/",[85413],{"data":85414,"marks":85415,"value":85416,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Okta lists the app as only available for SWA",{"data":85418,"marks":85419,"value":85420,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (where separate credentials are created to access the app, managed through Okta — more like a password manager than genuine SSO via SAML or OIDC).",{"data":85422,"content":85426,"nodeType":912},{"target":85423},{"sys":85424},{"id":85425,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7b4RZhUIqJMF1OxmyR0qKH",[],{"data":85428,"content":85429,"nodeType":866},{},[85430],{"data":85431,"marks":85432,"value":85433,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means you’re forced to use a username and password. Your only SSO option is to sign in with Google — which many non-Google Workspace users may not have access to. ",{"data":85435,"content":85436,"nodeType":866},{},[85437],{"data":85438,"marks":85439,"value":85440,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As Troy points out, MailChimp also fails to offer support for phishing-resistant MFA. This is pretty typical (if disappointing) for the long tail of SaaS apps, which typically leave WebAuthn / passkey support to the IdP. Except in this case, support for SSO in general is limited, meaning you can only use passkeys if you’re logging in with Google. ",{"data":85442,"content":85446,"nodeType":912},{"target":85443},{"sys":85444},{"id":85445,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2lT7fBiOq4JxpMxSLrdUOv",[],{"data":85448,"content":85449,"nodeType":866},{},[85450],{"data":85451,"marks":85452,"value":85453,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So it’s possible that attackers have noticed that accounts in MailChimp are far more likely to have insecure accounts than other traditional phishing targets — simply because they cannot be configured as securely. ",{"data":85455,"content":85459,"nodeType":912},{"target":85456},{"sys":85457},{"id":85458,"type":909,"linkType":910},"30APqb65kzTA4ySWJIkxGh",[],{"data":85461,"content":85462,"nodeType":1317},{},[85463],{"data":85464,"marks":85465,"value":85467,"nodeType":865},{},[85466],{"type":926},"It might not just be MailChimp",{"data":85469,"content":85470,"nodeType":866},{},[85471],{"data":85472,"marks":85473,"value":85474,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It looks like the same attackers have previously targeted ActiveCampaign, a marketing email and automation platform, based on GitHub comments from December. A domain previously flagged as malicious relating to ActiveCampaign currently redirects to the malicious MailChimp domain seen in Troy’s attack.",{"data":85476,"content":85480,"nodeType":912},{"target":85477},{"sys":85478},{"id":85479,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7M8W9vAYdqPN8NMU8Ug7jq",[],{"data":85482,"content":85486,"nodeType":912},{"target":85483},{"sys":85484},{"id":85485,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7CJfZwc9BpzIL7Fma1Y6o1",[],{"data":85488,"content":85489,"nodeType":866},{},[85490],{"data":85491,"marks":85492,"value":85493,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This could point to a broader campaign targeting similar SaaS platforms for marketing automation and email distribution.",{"data":85495,"content":85496,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":85498,"content":85499,"nodeType":981},{},[85500],{"data":85501,"marks":85502,"value":18520,"nodeType":865},{},[85503],{"type":926},{"data":85505,"content":85506,"nodeType":866},{},[85507,85511,85518,85521,85530],{"data":85508,"marks":85509,"value":85510,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MailChimp might seem an unusual target but there are a lot of ways that attackers can abuse SaaS services, as we’ve discussed at length in our public research with the ",{"data":85512,"content":85513,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10205},[85514],{"data":85515,"marks":85516,"value":72407,"nodeType":865},{},[85517],{"type":943},{"data":85519,"marks":85520,"value":6889,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":85522,"content":85524,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85523},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/",[85525],{"data":85526,"marks":85527,"value":85529,"nodeType":865},{},[85528],{"type":943},"many webinars and conference talks",{"data":85531,"marks":85532,"value":85533,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Account takeover through modern phishing attacks like the one we've analysed here is key to unlocking this attack surface. ",{"data":85535,"content":85536,"nodeType":866},{},[85537],{"data":85538,"marks":85539,"value":85540,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While the vast majority of phishing attacks that we observe do focus on core platforms like Microsoft, Google Workspace and Okta, it makes sense that attackers are broadening their focus to take advantage of the fact that phishing targeting these accounts is less obviously a target, and these accounts are often much less securely configured. But there are many ways to target the interconnected ecosystem of SaaS apps in creative ways that most organizations (and users) are seriously underprepared for. ",{"data":85542,"content":85543,"nodeType":866},{},[85544,85548,85556],{"data":85545,"marks":85546,"value":85547,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers have been targeting consumers and individuals via their sprawl of internet apps for some time — are more business-focused threat groups waking up to the opportunity of targeting SaaS? After all, it’s a ",{"data":85549,"content":85550,"nodeType":889},{"uri":71362},[85551],{"data":85552,"marks":85553,"value":85555,"nodeType":865},{},[85554],{"type":943},"great way to evade established controls elsewhere on the network and endpoints",{"data":85557,"marks":85558,"value":85559,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and you can achieve your objectives simply by logging in to (often weakly secured) user accounts.  ",{"data":85561,"content":85562,"nodeType":866},{},[85563],{"data":85564,"marks":85565,"value":85566,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The moral of the story? Phishing attacks are getting pretty sophisticated (and often much more sophisticated than this). Even security pros get phished sometimes!",{"data":85568,"content":85569,"nodeType":6348},{},[85570],{"data":85571,"content":85572,"nodeType":866},{},[85573],{"data":85574,"marks":85575,"value":85577,"nodeType":865},{},[85576],{"type":926},"This is clear indicator that we need stronger technical controls to prevent phishing. If even someone like Troy can be phished, the only reasonable conclusion is that humans will always be susceptible to phishing, no matter how much awareness training they receive. ",{"data":85579,"content":85580,"nodeType":866},{},[85581],{"data":85582,"marks":85583,"value":85584,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A big thanks to Troy for sharing his write-up of the incident!",{"data":85586,"content":85587,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":85589,"content":85590,"nodeType":981},{},[85591],{"data":85592,"marks":85593,"value":5445,"nodeType":865},{},[85594],{"type":926},{"data":85596,"content":85597,"nodeType":866},{},[85598,85602,85611],{"data":85599,"marks":85600,"value":85601,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push takes a unique browser-based approach to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks that overcomes many of the tricks and techniques attackers use to defeat conventional anti-phishing controls. To learn more, ",{"data":85603,"content":85605,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85604},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-its-time-for-phishing-prevention-to-move-beyond-email/",[85606],{"data":85607,"marks":85608,"value":85610,"nodeType":865},{},[85609],{"type":943},"check out our recent blog post",{"data":85612,"marks":85613,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":85615,"content":85616,"nodeType":866},{},[85617,85621,85628],{"data":85618,"marks":85619,"value":85620,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And if you want to see how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking while improving your workforce identity posture, book some time with one of our team for a ",{"data":85622,"content":85623,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},[85624],{"data":85625,"marks":85626,"value":2298,"nodeType":865},{},[85627],{"type":943},{"data":85629,"marks":85630,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Dissecting a recent MailChimp phishing attack","HIBP creator and well-known security person Troy Hunt recently blogged about a phish he fell for. Here’s what it tells us about how phishing is evolving. ","2025-03-28T00:00:00.000Z","dissecting-a-recent-mailchimp-phishing-attack",{"items":85636},[85637,85639],{"sys":85638,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":85640,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":85642},[85643],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":85644},{"url":6570},{"__typename":1429,"sys":85646,"content":85648,"title":86081,"synopsis":86082,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":86083,"slug":86084,"tagsCollection":86085,"authorsCollection":86091},{"id":85647},"3uLWz59In1waXGcLB9cnPq",{"json":85649},{"data":85650,"content":85651,"nodeType":1382},{},[85652,85681,85701,85708,85715,85718,85726,85733,85739,85745,85751,85758,85778,85784,85787,85795,85802,85809,85816,85822,85829,85836,85842,85849,85867,85872,85879,85882,85890,85897,85903,85910,85955,85961,85968,85971,85979,85986,85993,85999,86004,86010,86013,86021,86028,86034,86041,86048,86051,86058,86064],{"data":85653,"content":85654,"nodeType":866},{},[85655,85658,85665,85669,85677],{"data":85656,"marks":85657,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":85659,"content":85660,"nodeType":889},{"uri":43655},[85661],{"data":85662,"marks":85663,"value":48024,"nodeType":865},{},[85664],{"type":943},{"data":85666,"marks":85667,"value":85668,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was one of the first techniques we added to the ",{"data":85670,"content":85672,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85671},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks?tab=readme-ov-file",[85673],{"data":85674,"marks":85675,"value":72407,"nodeType":865},{},[85676],{"type":943},{"data":85678,"marks":85679,"value":85680,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where attackers trick users into authorizing malicious OAuth apps. ",{"data":85682,"content":85683,"nodeType":866},{},[85684,85688,85697],{"data":85685,"marks":85686,"value":85687,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker sends a phishing link to a target that requests permissions to access sensitive data or permissions to perform dangerous actions for an app the victim is using. If the target grants consent for the permissions, the adversary gains that level of access over the target’s account — and certain data and functionality ",{"data":85689,"content":85691,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85690},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-risky-terrain-of-oauth-scopes-in-third-party/",[85692],{"data":85693,"marks":85694,"value":85696,"nodeType":865},{},[85695],{"type":943},"depending on the scopes granted",{"data":85698,"marks":85699,"value":85700,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This attack bypasses MFA entirely (including phishing-resistant MFA) by sidestepping the login process — think of it as an authorization attack, as opposed to an authentication one. Naturally, this means it also persists through typical authentication changes like a password reset. ",{"data":85702,"content":85703,"nodeType":866},{},[85704],{"data":85705,"marks":85706,"value":85707,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Consent phishing has been primarily aimed at getting access to larger cloud platforms like Microsoft Azure or Google Workspace tenants, or more complex apps like GitHub. These apps present an obvious opportunity to attackers in terms of the functionality and and data they contain.  ",{"data":85709,"content":85710,"nodeType":866},{},[85711],{"data":85712,"marks":85713,"value":85714,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Two separate cases of consent phishing have hit the headlines this month representing very different use cases — let’s compare them. ",{"data":85716,"content":85717,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":85719,"content":85720,"nodeType":981},{},[85721],{"data":85722,"marks":85723,"value":85725,"nodeType":865},{},[85724],{"type":926},"1. Classic consent phishing",{"data":85727,"content":85728,"nodeType":866},{},[85729],{"data":85730,"marks":85731,"value":85732,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers targeted GitHub users across 12,000 repositories by creating fake security alert issues in GitHub repositories. These legit-looking alerts send the victim to a GitHub authorization page for a \"gitsecurityapp\" OAuth app that requests a lot of very risky scopes granting full access to a user's account and repositories.",{"data":85734,"content":85738,"nodeType":912},{"target":85735},{"sys":85736},{"id":85737,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7s7VLePAQzhzXJ6cFkSCAe",[],{"data":85740,"content":85744,"nodeType":912},{"target":85741},{"sys":85742},{"id":85743,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5dppSzNOgffeZTZK2lG6V5",[],{"data":85746,"content":85750,"nodeType":912},{"target":85747},{"sys":85748},{"id":85749,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1dsYU7bM5mPW1AXyRLnqpp",[],{"data":85752,"content":85753,"nodeType":866},{},[85754],{"data":85755,"marks":85756,"value":85757,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once authorized, the attacker has extensive access to the account, from which point they can modify repositories to conduct further attacks against users (e.g. by infecting them with malware), poison the repos and services connected to the repository, and exfiltrate any sensitive data the account has access to. ",{"data":85759,"content":85760,"nodeType":866},{},[85761,85765,85774],{"data":85762,"marks":85763,"value":85764,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Alongside consent phishing, this is an example of ",{"data":85766,"content":85768,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85767},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/in-app_phishing/description.md",[85769],{"data":85770,"marks":85771,"value":85773,"nodeType":865},{},[85772],{"type":943},"in-app phishing",{"data":85775,"marks":85776,"value":85777,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which avoids delivering the message via corporate email. Even if the target gets an email notification, the phish isn’t delivered via email directly, and so email-based scanning solutions won’t detect it — they’ll receive a legitimate notification email directly from GitHub. It’s also less likely to raise suspicion as GitHub issue notifications are expected, increasing the click chance. ",{"data":85779,"content":85783,"nodeType":912},{"target":85780},{"sys":85781},{"id":85782,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6d6MMyPQ7vaY2KrJTHGeO6",[],{"data":85785,"content":85786,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":85788,"content":85789,"nodeType":981},{},[85790],{"data":85791,"marks":85792,"value":85794,"nodeType":865},{},[85793],{"type":926},"2. Not really consent phishing?",{"data":85796,"content":85797,"nodeType":866},{},[85798],{"data":85799,"marks":85800,"value":85801,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This example is much more unusual. In this case, the attacker used malicious Microsoft OAuth apps impersonating Adobe and DocuSign. ",{"data":85803,"content":85804,"nodeType":866},{},[85805],{"data":85806,"marks":85807,"value":85808,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Rather than trying to grab lots of juicy permissions for Microsoft, the attacker used consent phishing to prevent automated analysis of their phishing page by security tools. To be served the real phishing page, you need to first authorize the fake OAuth app — meaning that security tools and bots won’t be able to reach the page to determine if it’s malicious or not. ",{"data":85810,"content":85811,"nodeType":866},{},[85812],{"data":85813,"marks":85814,"value":85815,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack started with attackers sending phishing emails to target users with a fake password reset lure. ",{"data":85817,"content":85821,"nodeType":912},{"target":85818},{"sys":85819},{"id":85820,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3cLd6EbraN9fKuGgL0kkgC",[],{"data":85823,"content":85824,"nodeType":866},{},[85825],{"data":85826,"marks":85827,"value":85828,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because the initial phishing link directs to the legitimate login.microsoftonline.com URL, it appears legitimate and bypasses common domain-based security checks. ",{"data":85830,"content":85831,"nodeType":866},{},[85832],{"data":85833,"marks":85834,"value":85835,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After clicking the link, the user signs into their real Microsoft account (this might even happen automatically if the user is already signed in on the device/browser they’re using). They are then redirected to a permissions request page for the fake OAuth app. ",{"data":85837,"content":85841,"nodeType":912},{"target":85838},{"sys":85839},{"id":85840,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6O4CSx1VCoPAIjjsnKzu75",[],{"data":85843,"content":85844,"nodeType":866},{},[85845],{"data":85846,"marks":85847,"value":85848,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The permissions requested by the app (profile, email, openid) are so limited as to be basically unexploitable. They are also the same permissions you would accept if you were authorizing Microsoft to perform a social login (SSO via OIDC) to a third party app.",{"data":85850,"content":85851,"nodeType":866},{},[85852,85856,85863],{"data":85853,"marks":85854,"value":85855,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clicking the link redirects the victim to the malicious page but masks it using the legit Cloudflare Turnstile service. As well as making the page look more credible (since its fronted by a legit service to block bots) this is a common detection evasion technique we’ve ",{"data":85857,"content":85858,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85130},[85859],{"data":85860,"marks":85861,"value":73285,"nodeType":865},{},[85862],{"type":943},{"data":85864,"marks":85865,"value":85866,"nodeType":865},{},[]," which prevents security solutions from accessing and analysing the malicious page. ",{"data":85868,"content":85871,"nodeType":912},{"target":85869},{"sys":85870},{"id":84592,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":85873,"content":85874,"nodeType":866},{},[85875],{"data":85876,"marks":85877,"value":85878,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After completing the verification, the page (and the malicious phishing kit element) is finally loaded. If the victim authenticates, the session will be stolen by the attacker, along with the captured credentials and MFA code. ",{"data":85880,"content":85881,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":85883,"content":85884,"nodeType":981},{},[85885],{"data":85886,"marks":85887,"value":85889,"nodeType":865},{},[85888],{"type":926},"Using consent phishing to evade detection",{"data":85891,"content":85892,"nodeType":866},{},[85893],{"data":85894,"marks":85895,"value":85896,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker is essentially using their fake OAuth app to prevent security analysts and bots from analysing the real phishing page, because the first page loaded is a link to a legitimate Microsoft domain. They’re also layering it with a range of other detection evasion techniques like using Cloudflare Turnstile.  ",{"data":85898,"content":85902,"nodeType":912},{"target":85899},{"sys":85900},{"id":85901,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4Bi9YoMwWVmKoWfkh5tiTA",[],{"data":85904,"content":85905,"nodeType":866},{},[85906],{"data":85907,"marks":85908,"value":85909,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve previously blogged about how attackers are using layered detection evasion techniques to circumvent typical phishing page detections, which are often email-based, including:",{"data":85911,"content":85912,"nodeType":1616},{},[85913,85934],{"data":85914,"content":85915,"nodeType":1570},{},[85916],{"data":85917,"content":85918,"nodeType":866},{},[85919,85922,85930],{"data":85920,"marks":85921,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":85923,"content":85924,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85130},[85925],{"data":85926,"marks":85927,"value":85929,"nodeType":865},{},[85928],{"type":943},"Prevent analysis of phishing pages",{"data":85931,"marks":85932,"value":85933,"nodeType":865},{},[]," by security bots, including using legitimate services like Cloudflare Workers and Turnstile (as above), CAPTCHA, and various sandbox-aware techniques to ensure only the intended victim is served the phishing page, such as only providing the correct parameters to load the page if the correct path is followed (rather than attempting to load the malicious page by going directly to the domain). ",{"data":85935,"content":85936,"nodeType":1570},{},[85937],{"data":85938,"content":85939,"nodeType":866},{},[85940,85943,85951],{"data":85941,"marks":85942,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":85944,"content":85945,"nodeType":889},{"uri":81132},[85946],{"data":85947,"marks":85948,"value":85950,"nodeType":865},{},[85949],{"type":943},"DOM and visual obfuscation",{"data":85952,"marks":85953,"value":85954,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of phishing pages when the victim does land on the page to prevent it from being identified as malicious through signature-based detection of page elements. ",{"data":85956,"content":85960,"nodeType":912},{"target":85957},{"sys":85958},{"id":85959,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2dN8np5odBecf7r1vBr69K",[],{"data":85962,"content":85963,"nodeType":866},{},[85964],{"data":85965,"marks":85966,"value":85967,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This seems a bit overkill and many of the steps here are likely to raise suspicion — like the fact that you’re never asked to provide the original code for the password reset, and are asked to unexpectedly consent to an OAuth app. But clearly, the attacker is more concerned about bypassing technical safeguards than human ones (not a great endorsement for the state of phishing awareness training). ",{"data":85969,"content":85970,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":85972,"content":85973,"nodeType":981},{},[85974],{"data":85975,"marks":85976,"value":85978,"nodeType":865},{},[85977],{"type":926},"How Push detects and blocks phishing attacks",{"data":85980,"content":85981,"nodeType":866},{},[85982],{"data":85983,"marks":85984,"value":85985,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push overcomes the various detection evasion techniques shown here by using in-browser detections based on the phishing page that the user sees. This means that no matter where the user accesses the link from (email, IM platform, social media, or anywhere else on the internet) Push can observe and analyse the page to determine if it's malicious. ",{"data":85987,"content":85988,"nodeType":866},{},[85989],{"data":85990,"marks":85991,"value":85992,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push uses layered detections based on identifying the phishing kit running on the page itself, whether the page is cloned from a legitimate login page, as well as detecting whether the credentials being entered on the page have been used to log into your SSO account previously. ",{"data":85994,"content":85998,"nodeType":912},{"target":85995},{"sys":85996},{"id":85997,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6B1toQAf44rDzQZijYRd9g",[],{"data":86000,"content":86003,"nodeType":912},{"target":86001},{"sys":86002},{"id":81339,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":86005,"content":86009,"nodeType":912},{"target":86006},{"sys":86007},{"id":86008,"type":909,"linkType":910},"01musWa3FUiO0CVFNWfwcy",[],{"data":86011,"content":86012,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":86014,"content":86015,"nodeType":981},{},[86016],{"data":86017,"marks":86018,"value":86020,"nodeType":865},{},[86019],{"type":926},"Using Push to review OAuth integrations",{"data":86022,"content":86023,"nodeType":866},{},[86024],{"data":86025,"marks":86026,"value":86027,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also use Push to discover and remove risky OAuth integrations accepted by your users. ",{"data":86029,"content":86033,"nodeType":912},{"target":86030},{"sys":86031},{"id":86032,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5kJvy5SBcWLrK2EhLyR1ZD",[],{"data":86035,"content":86036,"nodeType":866},{},[86037],{"data":86038,"marks":86039,"value":86040,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This shows which OAuth apps have been added, which apps they are integrated with, what permissions they’ve been granted, as well as other properties that indicate risk (e.g. whether the app’s publisher has been verified). ",{"data":86042,"content":86043,"nodeType":866},{},[86044],{"data":86045,"marks":86046,"value":86047,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If your users are consent phished, you’ll be notified via webhook event that a new integration has been added. These risky integrations can be removed via the Push platform by clicking ‘delete integration’. ",{"data":86049,"content":86050,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":86052,"content":86053,"nodeType":981},{},[86054],{"data":86055,"marks":86056,"value":66809,"nodeType":865},{},[86057],{"type":926},{"data":86059,"content":86060,"nodeType":866},{},[86061],{"data":86062,"marks":86063,"value":81640,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":86065,"content":86066,"nodeType":866},{},[86067,86070,86078],{"data":86068,"marks":86069,"value":72007,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":86071,"content":86073,"nodeType":889},{"uri":86072},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[86074],{"data":86075,"marks":86076,"value":66824,"nodeType":865},{},[86077],{"type":943},{"data":86079,"marks":86080,"value":84851,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How consent phishing is evolving to defeat detection controls","Consent phishing is where attackers trick users into authorizing access for malicious OAuth apps. 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organizations today have invested in an email security solution of some description. But even the most premium tools have significant limitations when it comes to modern phishing attacks. ",{"data":87727,"content":87728,"nodeType":866},{},[87729,87733,87740,87744,87753],{"data":87730,"marks":87731,"value":87732,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The data speaks for itself — phishing remains as big a problem as it ever was (if not bigger!) despite enormous investment in security products and training. In 2024, identity-based attack vectors involving a human element (phishing and stolen credentials) accounted for 80% of the initial access observed by ",{"data":87734,"content":87735,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4147},[87736],{"data":87737,"marks":87738,"value":37723,"nodeType":865},{},[87739],{"type":943},{"data":87741,"marks":87742,"value":87743,"nodeType":865},{},[],", while 69% of organizations experienced a phishing incident in 2024 according to ",{"data":87745,"content":87747,"nodeType":889},{"uri":87746},"https://www.idsalliance.org/white-paper/2024-trends-in-securing-digital-identities/",[87748],{"data":87749,"marks":87750,"value":87752,"nodeType":865},{},[87751],{"type":943},"IDSA",{"data":87754,"marks":87755,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":87757,"content":87761,"nodeType":912},{"target":87758},{"sys":87759},{"id":87760,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4urh9lIuo0ePgVIJZNtP2B",[],{"data":87763,"content":87764,"nodeType":866},{},[87765],{"data":87766,"marks":87767,"value":87768,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, why are phishing attacks still so effective for attackers? ",{"data":87770,"content":87771,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":87773,"content":87774,"nodeType":981},{},[87775],{"data":87776,"marks":87777,"value":87779,"nodeType":865},{},[87778],{"type":926},"Modern phishing attacks are evading established controls",{"data":87781,"content":87782,"nodeType":866},{},[87783],{"data":87784,"marks":87785,"value":87786,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s start with the lay of the land: What controls and capabilities do organizations typically rely on when it comes to blocking credential phishing?  ",{"data":87788,"content":87789,"nodeType":866},{},[87790],{"data":87791,"marks":87792,"value":87793,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re using an email security solution, you’re relying on the following core capabilities when it comes to detecting malicious phishing pages:",{"data":87795,"content":87796,"nodeType":1616},{},[87797,87812],{"data":87798,"content":87799,"nodeType":1570},{},[87800],{"data":87801,"content":87802,"nodeType":866},{},[87803,87808],{"data":87804,"marks":87805,"value":87807,"nodeType":865},{},[87806],{"type":926},"Known-bad blocklists:",{"data":87809,"marks":87810,"value":87811,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Block users from accessing known-bad or unapproved domains/URLs, and block traffic from known-bad malicious IPs, using Threat Intelligence (TI) feeds.",{"data":87813,"content":87814,"nodeType":1570},{},[87815],{"data":87816,"content":87817,"nodeType":866},{},[87818,87823],{"data":87819,"marks":87820,"value":87822,"nodeType":865},{},[87821],{"type":926},"Malicious webpage detection:",{"data":87824,"marks":87825,"value":87826,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Inspect webpages by loading them in a sandbox to detect malicious elements.",{"data":87828,"content":87829,"nodeType":866},{},[87830],{"data":87831,"marks":87832,"value":87833,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This also applies to other solutions that rely on these capabilities, such as web-based content filtering (e.g. Google Safe Browsing), CASB, SASE, SWG, etc. ",{"data":87835,"content":87836,"nodeType":866},{},[87837],{"data":87838,"marks":87839,"value":87840,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But, attackers are now using specific tactics, techniques, procedures (TTPs) and tooling designed to defeat these solutions. ",{"data":87842,"content":87843,"nodeType":866},{},[87844],{"data":87845,"marks":87846,"value":87847,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s look at where these controls are falling short. ",{"data":87849,"content":87850,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":87852,"content":87853,"nodeType":981},{},[87854],{"data":87855,"marks":87856,"value":87858,"nodeType":865},{},[87857],{"type":926},"Attackers are innovating with new tooling and techniques",{"data":87860,"content":87861,"nodeType":866},{},[87862,87866,87875],{"data":87863,"marks":87864,"value":87865,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The vast majority of phishing attacks today are executed using ",{"data":87867,"content":87869,"nodeType":889},{"uri":87868},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-2-0-how-phishing-toolkits-are-evolving-with-aitm/?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[87870],{"data":87871,"marks":87872,"value":87874,"nodeType":865},{},[87873],{"type":943},"AitM phishing kits — otherwise known as “MFA bypass” kits",{"data":87876,"marks":87877,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":87879,"content":87880,"nodeType":866},{},[87881],{"data":87882,"marks":87883,"value":87884,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These kits use dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application. This allows the target to log in successfully with a legitimate service they use and even continue to interact with it. ",{"data":87886,"content":87887,"nodeType":866},{},[87888],{"data":87889,"marks":87890,"value":87891,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. However, because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions, intercept authentication material like credentials, MFA codes, and session tokens to take control of the authenticated session and gain control of the user account. ",{"data":87893,"content":87897,"nodeType":912},{"target":87894},{"sys":87895},{"id":87896,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3ZAawfzPVfhb8cmvWNZEVK",[],{"data":87899,"content":87900,"nodeType":866},{},[87901],{"data":87902,"marks":87903,"value":87904,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA was once widely regarded as the silver bullet for phishing (we all remember the Microsoft stat “MFA prevents over 99% of identity-based attacks”) but this is no longer the case. ",{"data":87906,"content":87907,"nodeType":866},{},[87908],{"data":87909,"marks":87910,"value":87911,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Not only are these kits incredibly effective at bypassing other anti-phishing controls like MFA, attackers are building them specifically to evade common detection tooling and techniques. ",{"data":87913,"content":87914,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":87916,"content":87917,"nodeType":1317},{},[87918],{"data":87919,"marks":87920,"value":87922,"nodeType":865},{},[87921],{"type":926},"Known-bad blocklists can’t keep up",{"data":87924,"content":87925,"nodeType":866},{},[87926],{"data":87927,"marks":87928,"value":87929,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The fundamental limitation with known-bad blocklists is that they focus on indicators that are easy for attackers to change, in turn making detections based on them easy to bypass. ",{"data":87931,"content":87932,"nodeType":866},{},[87933],{"data":87934,"marks":87935,"value":87936,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers have gotten pretty good at disguising and rotating these elements. In modern phishing attacks, every target can receive a unique email and link. Even just using a URL shortener can bypass this. It’s equivalent to a malware hash – trivial to change, and therefore not a great thing to pin your detections on. The kind of detection that sits right at the bottom of the Pyramid of Pain. ",{"data":87938,"content":87942,"nodeType":912},{"target":87939},{"sys":87940},{"id":87941,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6cG2fx3AikwptyEyXKrYCK",[],{"data":87944,"content":87945,"nodeType":866},{},[87946],{"data":87947,"marks":87948,"value":87949,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You could look at which IP address the user connects to, but these days it’s very simple for attackers to add a new IP to their cloud-hosted server. If a domain is flagged as known-bad, the attacker only has to register a new domain, or compromise a WordPress server on an already trusted domain. Both of these things are happening on a massive scale as attackers pre-plan for the fact that their domains will be burned at some point. Attackers are more than happy to spend $10-$20 per new domain in the grand scheme of the potential proceeds of crime. ",{"data":87951,"content":87952,"nodeType":866},{},[87953,87957,87966],{"data":87954,"marks":87955,"value":87956,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For example, ",{"data":87958,"content":87960,"nodeType":889},{"uri":87959},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection/?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[87961],{"data":87962,"marks":87963,"value":87965,"nodeType":865},{},[87964],{"type":943},"recent examples of Adversary-in-the-Middle phishing kits",{"data":87967,"marks":87968,"value":87969,"nodeType":865},{},[]," including Tycoon, Nakedpages, Evilginx were seen to rotate the URLs they resolve to (from a continually refreshed pool of URLs), mask the HTTP Referer header to disguise suspicious redirects, and redirect to benign (legitimate) domains if anyone but the intended victims attempted to visit the page. ",{"data":87971,"content":87972,"nodeType":866},{},[87973,87977,87986,87990,87999],{"data":87974,"marks":87975,"value":87976,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And in many cases, attackers are ",{"data":87978,"content":87980,"nodeType":889},{"uri":87979},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/campaign-abusing-hubspot-targets-20-000-microsoft-azure-accounts/",[87981],{"data":87982,"marks":87983,"value":87985,"nodeType":865},{},[87984],{"type":943},"leveraging legitimate SaaS services",{"data":87987,"marks":87988,"value":87989,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to conduct their campaigns (",{"data":87991,"content":87993,"nodeType":889},{"uri":87992},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/proofpoint-settings-exploited-to-send-millions-of-phishing-emails-daily/",[87994],{"data":87995,"marks":87996,"value":87998,"nodeType":865},{},[87997],{"type":943},"sometimes even using email protection services themselves!",{"data":88000,"marks":88001,"value":88002,"nodeType":865},{},[],") making it even harder to filter genuine from harmful links. ",{"data":88004,"content":88005,"nodeType":866},{},[88006],{"data":88007,"marks":88008,"value":88009,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But there’s a bigger issue here – for defenders to know that a URL, IP, or domain name is bad, it needs to be reported first. When are things reported? Typically after being used in an attack — so unfortunately, someone always gets hurt. ",{"data":88011,"content":88012,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":88014,"content":88015,"nodeType":1317},{},[88016],{"data":88017,"marks":88018,"value":88020,"nodeType":865},{},[88019],{"type":926},"Malicious webpage detections are failing",{"data":88022,"content":88023,"nodeType":866},{},[88024],{"data":88025,"marks":88026,"value":88027,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are using various tricks to prevent security tools and bots from reaching their phishing pages to analyse them. ",{"data":88029,"content":88030,"nodeType":866},{},[88031],{"data":88032,"marks":88033,"value":88034,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using legitimate services to host their domains is increasingly common, with services like Cloudflare Workers used for the initial gateway, and Cloudflare Turnstile to prevent security bots from advancing to the page. ",{"data":88036,"content":88040,"nodeType":912},{"target":88037},{"sys":88038},{"id":88039,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4XNxLbiZf3xUK1WeFDjjxl",[],{"data":88042,"content":88043,"nodeType":866},{},[88044],{"data":88045,"marks":88046,"value":88047,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even if you can get past Turnstile, then you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, and execute JavaScript, to be served the malicious page. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":88049,"content":88050,"nodeType":866},{},[88051],{"data":88052,"marks":88053,"value":88054,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And if all this wasn’t enough, they’re also obfuscating both visual and DOM elements to prevent signature-based detections from picking them up — so even if you can land on the page, there’s a high chance that your detections won’t trigger. ",{"data":88056,"content":88057,"nodeType":866},{},[88058],{"data":88059,"marks":88060,"value":88061,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By changing the DOM structure, attackers are loading functionally equivalent pages that look very different under the hood.",{"data":88063,"content":88066,"nodeType":912},{"target":88064},{"sys":88065},{"id":85959,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":88068,"content":88069,"nodeType":866},{},[88070],{"data":88071,"marks":88072,"value":88073,"nodeType":865},{},[],"They’re also randomizing page titles, dynamically decoding text, changing the size and name of image elements, using different favicons, blurring backgrounds, substituting logos, and more… all to defeat common detections. ",{"data":88075,"content":88079,"nodeType":912},{"target":88076},{"sys":88077},{"id":88078,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3hlzM3qIqaZHy3qxtnRS5x",[],{"data":88081,"content":88082,"nodeType":866},{},[88083],{"data":88084,"marks":88085,"value":88086,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With all this, it’s no surprise that defenders can’t keep up. ",{"data":88088,"content":88089,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":88091,"content":88092,"nodeType":981},{},[88093],{"data":88094,"marks":88095,"value":26694,"nodeType":865},{},[88096],{"type":926},{"data":88098,"content":88099,"nodeType":866},{},[88100],{"data":88101,"marks":88102,"value":88103,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Historically, the industry has seen email security solutions and anti-phishing as the same thing. But it’s clear that email-based phishing protection isn’t really cutting it when it comes to modern credential phishing attacks (the most common and impactful phishing variant today). ",{"data":88105,"content":88106,"nodeType":866},{},[88107],{"data":88108,"marks":88109,"value":88110,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t to say that email-based solutions have no value — far from it. But relying on email scanners to detect phishing pages as a single line of defense isn’t enough anymore. ",{"data":88112,"content":88113,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":88115,"content":88116,"nodeType":981},{},[88117],{"data":88118,"marks":88119,"value":88121,"nodeType":865},{},[88120],{"type":926},"Building better phishing controls",{"data":88123,"content":88124,"nodeType":866},{},[88125],{"data":88126,"marks":88127,"value":88128,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The key to solving this problem is, put simply, building better controls. But to do this, we need to move away from email as being the primary (or often the only) place where phishing attacks can be stopped. ",{"data":88130,"content":88131,"nodeType":866},{},[88132],{"data":88133,"marks":88134,"value":88135,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While email is the main delivery vector for phishing attacks (at least, according to the data we have, which comes primarily from email security solutions) it’s not the only one. Phishing links are increasingly delivered to victims over IM platforms, social media — and generally over the internet. ",{"data":88137,"content":88138,"nodeType":866},{},[88139],{"data":88140,"marks":88141,"value":88142,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A better solution to the problem would therefore be able to follow the user across the sites they use, and see the actual phishing pages as the user sees them, as opposed to a sandbox (which, as we’ve discussed, attackers are well prepared for). ",{"data":88144,"content":88145,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":88147,"content":88148,"nodeType":1317},{},[88149],{"data":88150,"marks":88151,"value":88153,"nodeType":865},{},[88152],{"type":926},"Is browser-based phishing protection the solution?",{"data":88155,"content":88156,"nodeType":866},{},[88157],{"data":88158,"marks":88159,"value":88160,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While we’ve been conditioned to think about phishing as something that happens over email, it’s actually the browser where most of the action happens, regardless of the initial delivery channel.",{"data":88162,"content":88163,"nodeType":866},{},[88164],{"data":88165,"marks":88166,"value":88167,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And while it’s tempting to view the delivery of a phishing link as the attack itself, the phish can’t succeed unless the victim enters their genuine credentials on the malicious page. ",{"data":88169,"content":88170,"nodeType":866},{},[88171],{"data":88172,"marks":88173,"value":88174,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push provides a browser-based identity security solution that stops phishing attacks where they happen — in employee browsers. ",{"data":88176,"content":88177,"nodeType":866},{},[88178],{"data":88179,"marks":88180,"value":88181,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Being in the browser delivers a lot of advantages when it comes to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks. You see the live webpage that the user sees, meaning you have much better visibility of malicious elements running on the page. It also means that you can implement real-time controls that kick in when a malicious element is detected. ",{"data":88183,"content":88184,"nodeType":866},{},[88185],{"data":88186,"marks":88187,"value":88188,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There’s a clear difference when you compare a phishing attack with and without Push. ",{"data":88190,"content":88193,"nodeType":912},{"target":88191},{"sys":88192},{"id":66727,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":88195,"content":88196,"nodeType":866},{},[88197],{"data":88198,"marks":88199,"value":88200,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here, an attacker hacks a WordPress blog to get a reputable domain and then runs a phishing toolkit on the webpage. They email one of your employees a link to it. Your SWG or email scanning solution inspects it in a sandbox but the phish kit detects this and redirects to a benign site so that it passes the inspection. ",{"data":88202,"content":88203,"nodeType":866},{},[88204],{"data":88205,"marks":88206,"value":88207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Your user gets the email with the link and is now free to interact with the phishing page. They enter their credentials plus MFA code into the page and voila! The attacker steals the authenticated session and takes over the user’s account.  ",{"data":88209,"content":88212,"nodeType":912},{"target":88210},{"sys":88211},{"id":66763,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":88214,"content":88215,"nodeType":866},{},[88216],{"data":88217,"marks":88218,"value":88219,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But with Push, our browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page, detecting that:",{"data":88221,"content":88222,"nodeType":1616},{},[88223,88233,88243],{"data":88224,"content":88225,"nodeType":1570},{},[88226],{"data":88227,"content":88228,"nodeType":866},{},[88229],{"data":88230,"marks":88231,"value":88232,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The password the user is entering matches the domain that password is pinned to. Since it doesn't match, based on this detection alone the user is automatically redirected to a blocking page. ",{"data":88234,"content":88235,"nodeType":1570},{},[88236],{"data":88237,"content":88238,"nodeType":866},{},[88239],{"data":88240,"marks":88241,"value":88242,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The rendered web app is using a cloned app login page.",{"data":88244,"content":88245,"nodeType":1570},{},[88246],{"data":88247,"content":88248,"nodeType":866},{},[88249],{"data":88250,"marks":88251,"value":84246,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88253,"content":88254,"nodeType":866},{},[88255],{"data":88256,"marks":88257,"value":84253,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88259,"content":88260,"nodeType":866},{},[88261,88265],{"data":88262,"marks":88263,"value":88264,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are good examples of detections that are difficult (or impossible) for an attacker to evade — ",{"data":88266,"marks":88267,"value":88269,"nodeType":865},{},[88268],{"type":926},"you can’t phish a victim if they can’t enter their credentials into your phishing site! ",{"data":88271,"content":88272,"nodeType":866},{},[88273,88277,88286],{"data":88274,"marks":88275,"value":88276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If we look at the Pyramid of Pain again, we can see that these are much harder detections for attackers to get around, ",{"data":88278,"content":88280,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88279},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-itdr/?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[88281],{"data":88282,"marks":88283,"value":88285,"nodeType":865},{},[88284],{"type":943},"enabling earlier detection and interception of account takeover ",{"data":88287,"marks":88288,"value":88289,"nodeType":865},{},[],"when compared to static, TI-driven blocklists — stopping attacks before anyone gets hurt.",{"data":88291,"content":88295,"nodeType":912},{"target":88292},{"sys":88293},{"id":88294,"type":909,"linkType":910},"6q8H7vA8k7mLrSsr5R0TZ1",[],{"data":88297,"content":88298,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":88300,"content":88301,"nodeType":981},{},[88302],{"data":88303,"marks":88304,"value":66809,"nodeType":865},{},[88305],{"type":926},{"data":88307,"content":88308,"nodeType":866},{},[88309],{"data":88310,"marks":88311,"value":81640,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88313,"content":88314,"nodeType":866},{},[88315,88318,88325],{"data":88316,"marks":88317,"value":72007,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88319,"content":88320,"nodeType":889},{"uri":86072},[88321],{"data":88322,"marks":88323,"value":66824,"nodeType":865},{},[88324],{"type":943},{"data":88326,"marks":88327,"value":88328,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for a live demo. ","Why it's time for phishing prevention to move beyond email","Modern MFA-bypass phishing attacks are routinely defeating primarily email-based security controls. Why are controls failing and what can we do about it? ","2025-03-20T00:00:00.000Z","why-its-time-for-phishing-prevention-to-move-beyond-email",{"items":88334},[88335,88337],{"sys":88336,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":88338,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":88340},[88341],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":88342},{"url":6570},"blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers",{"json":88345},{"data":88346,"content":88347,"nodeType":1382},{},[88348],{"data":88349,"content":88350,"nodeType":866},{},[88351],{"data":88352,"marks":88353,"value":88354,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently detected and blocked Push users from interacting with a malicious Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing site using the phishing kit ‘Evilginx’ targeting Onfido, the digital identity platform. Here’s what we found.",{"id":84386,"publishedAt":88356},"2026-08-12T11:54:18.288Z",{"items":88358},[88359,88361],{"sys":88360,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":88362,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":88364},[88365,88367,88369,88371,88373,88375,88377,88379,88381,88383,88385],{"sys":88366,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":88368,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":88370,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":88372,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":88374,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":88376,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":88378,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":88380,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":88382,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":88384,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":88386,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},"kVEzBAfBFwwplNNOlTtpClLzHqTQaosDuC-Y3DZUsP4",{"id":88389,"title":88390,"authorsCollection":88391,"content":88396,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":89565,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":89567,"metaTitle":89568,"ogImage":59,"postType":12186,"publishedDate":89569,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":89570,"slug":91496,"stem":91497,"subtitle":59,"summary":91498,"synopsis":91509,"sys":91510,"tagsCollection":91513,"topicsCollection":91519,"__hash__":91559},"blog/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks.json","What the rise of infostealers says about identity attacks",{"items":88392},[88393],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"socialLinks":88394,"profilePicture":88395},[8120],{"url":6570},{"json":88397,"links":89542},{"data":88398,"content":88399,"nodeType":1382},{},[88400,88430,88442,88458,88465,88472,88475,88482,88489,88620,88627,88634,88728,88735,88742,88795,88802,88825,88882,88885,88892,88911,88931,88938,88957,88964,88976,88979,88986,88993,89041,89048,89055,89073,89076,89083,89090,89097,89116,89123,89130,89137,89155,89162,89169,89176,89183,89202,89209,89216,89223,89230,89261,89267,89270,89277,89284,89290,89297,89304,89327,89334,89341,89384,89400,89419,89425,89432,89439,89446,89478,89523,89530,89536],{"data":88401,"content":88402,"nodeType":866},{},[88403,88407,88415,88418,88426],{"data":88404,"marks":88405,"value":88406,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealer malware seems to be grabbing the headlines right now. It’s easy to see why, too, after laying claim to one of the ",{"data":88408,"content":88409,"nodeType":889},{"uri":82271},[88410],{"data":88411,"marks":88412,"value":88414,"nodeType":865},{},[88413],{"type":943},"biggest breaches in history",{"data":88416,"marks":88417,"value":3485,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88419,"content":88420,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10087},[88421],{"data":88422,"marks":88423,"value":88425,"nodeType":865},{},[88424],{"type":943},"recent attacks on Snowflake customers",{"data":88427,"marks":88428,"value":88429,"nodeType":865},{},[]," saw ~165 businesses compromised using stolen credentials, resulting in millions of breached customer records, with the full impact still emerging. ",{"data":88431,"content":88432,"nodeType":866},{},[88433,88437],{"data":88434,"marks":88435,"value":88436,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Notably, ",{"data":88438,"marks":88439,"value":88441,"nodeType":865},{},[88440],{"type":926},"80% of the credentials used to access Snowflake customer accounts had found their way online after being stolen in infostealer infections – dating back as early as 2020. ",{"data":88443,"content":88444,"nodeType":866},{},[88445,88449,88454],{"data":88446,"marks":88447,"value":88448,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Snowflake situation is a reminder of how lucrative stolen credentials can be for attackers – and how the cybercrime ecosystem has tilted as a result. As the saying goes nowadays, ",{"data":88450,"marks":88451,"value":88453,"nodeType":865},{},[88452],{"type":926},"hackers don’t hack in, they log in",{"data":88455,"marks":88456,"value":88457,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Stolen credentials are the lowest hanging fruit available to attackers, and their appetite (and the ecosystem needed to feed it) is insatiable. As an attacker, the prospect of picking up access to a major enterprise for just $10 or less (or even for free) is hard to resist – why wouldn’t you buy a ticket and take the gamble?  ",{"data":88459,"content":88460,"nodeType":866},{},[88461],{"data":88462,"marks":88463,"value":88464,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are a huge part of the shift toward identity attacks. Along with phishing, infostealers are the primary mechanism for attackers to harvest credentials. Unlike phishing, infostealers can collect a large number of credentials (and other helpful data saved in the browser) in one fell swoop. But, they do have limitations. For example, you would expect any credible EDR to detect and block these attacks. And yet, the success of the attacks on Snowflake customers show us that gaps are being found and exploited.  ",{"data":88466,"content":88467,"nodeType":866},{},[88468],{"data":88469,"marks":88470,"value":88471,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we’ll look at the history of infostealers, how they work, and what the trends show us about how the cybercrime ecosystem is leaning into the opportunity they present.    ",{"data":88473,"content":88474,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":88476,"content":88477,"nodeType":981},{},[88478],{"data":88479,"marks":88480,"value":88481,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The state of infostealers today",{"data":88483,"content":88484,"nodeType":866},{},[88485],{"data":88486,"marks":88487,"value":88488,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers, and the mass credential harvesting they enable, are a big part of the rise in identity attacks. The stats support this, as:",{"data":88490,"content":88491,"nodeType":1616},{},[88492,88514,88536,88557,88577,88598],{"data":88493,"content":88494,"nodeType":1570},{},[88495],{"data":88496,"content":88497,"nodeType":866},{},[88498,88502,88511],{"data":88499,"marks":88500,"value":88501,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One million new stealer logs are distributed every month, with an estimated 3-5% containing credentials and session cookies to corporate IT environments (",{"data":88503,"content":88505,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88504},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/single-sign-on-and-the-cybercrime-ecosystem/",[88506],{"data":88507,"marks":88508,"value":88510,"nodeType":865},{},[88509],{"type":943},"Flare",{"data":88512,"marks":88513,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88515,"content":88516,"nodeType":1570},{},[88517],{"data":88518,"content":88519,"nodeType":866},{},[88520,88524,88533],{"data":88521,"marks":88522,"value":88523,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealer activity increased by 266% in 2023, while the number of attacks featuring valid credentials saw a 71% increase year-over-year (",{"data":88525,"content":88527,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88526},"https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/L0GKXDWJ",[88528],{"data":88529,"marks":88530,"value":88532,"nodeType":865},{},[88531],{"type":943},"IBM",{"data":88534,"marks":88535,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88537,"content":88538,"nodeType":1570},{},[88539],{"data":88540,"content":88541,"nodeType":866},{},[88542,88546,88554],{"data":88543,"marks":88544,"value":88545,"nodeType":865},{},[],"147,000 token replay attacks were detected by Microsoft in 2023, an 111% increase year-over-year (",{"data":88547,"content":88549,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88548},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-entra-blog/how-to-break-the-token-theft-cyber-attack-chain/ba-p/4062700",[88550],{"data":88551,"marks":88552,"value":19700,"nodeType":865},{},[88553],{"type":943},{"data":88555,"marks":88556,"value":31723,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88558,"content":88559,"nodeType":1570},{},[88560],{"data":88561,"content":88562,"nodeType":866},{},[88563,88567,88574],{"data":88564,"marks":88565,"value":88566,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Over 1000 credentials are posted online per day, per marketplace with an average sale price of $10, and 65% posted less than one day after being collected (",{"data":88568,"content":88569,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4147},[88570],{"data":88571,"marks":88572,"value":37723,"nodeType":865},{},[88573],{"type":943},{"data":88575,"marks":88576,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88578,"content":88579,"nodeType":1570},{},[88580],{"data":88581,"content":88582,"nodeType":866},{},[88583,88587,88595],{"data":88584,"marks":88585,"value":88586,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers (",{"data":88588,"content":88590,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88589},"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2024/03/12/2024-sophos-threat-report/",[88591],{"data":88592,"marks":88593,"value":88594,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Sophos",{"data":88596,"marks":88597,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88599,"content":88600,"nodeType":1570},{},[88601],{"data":88602,"content":88603,"nodeType":866},{},[88604,88608,88617],{"data":88605,"marks":88606,"value":88607,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attacks on session cookies happen at the same order of magnitude as password-based attacks (",{"data":88609,"content":88611,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88610},"https://github.com/WICG/dbsc/issues/13#issuecomment-1977657864",[88612],{"data":88613,"marks":88614,"value":88616,"nodeType":865},{},[88615],{"type":943},"Google",{"data":88618,"marks":88619,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88621,"content":88622,"nodeType":1317},{},[88623],{"data":88624,"marks":88625,"value":88626,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How did we get here?",{"data":88628,"content":88629,"nodeType":866},{},[88630],{"data":88631,"marks":88632,"value":88633,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s go back to the beginning. When they first emerged, infostealers were designed to steal online banking and credit card information. The most notable early example comes from as far back as 2006 with the ZeuS trojan. After the ZeuS source code was leaked in March 2011, the creation of multiple variants boosted the popularity of this type of malware and inspired the development of infostealers with increasingly sophisticated capabilities.",{"data":88635,"content":88636,"nodeType":866},{},[88637,88641,88650,88654,88663,88667,88676,88679,88688,88691,88700,88703,88712,88715,88724],{"data":88638,"marks":88639,"value":88640,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modern infostealers rose to prominence in around 2018 with the emergence of ",{"data":88642,"content":88644,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88643},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.arkei_stealer",[88645],{"data":88646,"marks":88647,"value":88649,"nodeType":865},{},[88648],{"type":943},"Arkei",{"data":88651,"marks":88652,"value":88653,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which quickly spawned the more popular ",{"data":88655,"content":88657,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88656},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.vidar",[88658],{"data":88659,"marks":88660,"value":88662,"nodeType":865},{},[88661],{"type":943},"Vidar",{"data":88664,"marks":88665,"value":88666,"nodeType":865},{},[]," stealer. Today, some of the most popular families are ",{"data":88668,"content":88670,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88669},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.risepro",[88671],{"data":88672,"marks":88673,"value":88675,"nodeType":865},{},[88674],{"type":943},"RisePro",{"data":88677,"marks":88678,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88680,"content":88682,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88681},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.redline_stealer",[88683],{"data":88684,"marks":88685,"value":88687,"nodeType":865},{},[88686],{"type":943},"RedLine",{"data":88689,"marks":88690,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88692,"content":88694,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88693},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.stealc",[88695],{"data":88696,"marks":88697,"value":88699,"nodeType":865},{},[88698],{"type":943},"StealC",{"data":88701,"marks":88702,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88704,"content":88706,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88705},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.raccoon",[88707],{"data":88708,"marks":88709,"value":88711,"nodeType":865},{},[88710],{"type":943},"Raccoon",{"data":88713,"marks":88714,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88716,"content":88718,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88717},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.lumma",[88719],{"data":88720,"marks":88721,"value":88723,"nodeType":865},{},[88722],{"type":943},"Lumma",{"data":88725,"marks":88726,"value":88727,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with new variants and families appearing all the time. ",{"data":88729,"content":88730,"nodeType":866},{},[88731],{"data":88732,"marks":88733,"value":88734,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are used by all manner of threat actors of varying levels of sophistication. For larger groups with sufficient resources, the creation of new, custom stealers and malware packages is a common tactic to attempt to evade detection. ",{"data":88736,"content":88737,"nodeType":866},{},[88738],{"data":88739,"marks":88740,"value":88741,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But despite all the variants, infostealers do have common capabilities and characteristics, such as:",{"data":88743,"content":88744,"nodeType":1616},{},[88745,88755,88765,88775,88785],{"data":88746,"content":88747,"nodeType":1570},{},[88748],{"data":88749,"content":88750,"nodeType":866},{},[88751],{"data":88752,"marks":88753,"value":88754,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Extracting information from the browsers of a compromised device, such as passwords, cookies, autofill information, downloaded file information.",{"data":88756,"content":88757,"nodeType":1570},{},[88758],{"data":88759,"content":88760,"nodeType":866},{},[88761],{"data":88762,"marks":88763,"value":88764,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Snapshotting the desktop and system inventory, with details such as the username, location data, hardware configuration, and information regarding installed security software.",{"data":88766,"content":88767,"nodeType":1570},{},[88768],{"data":88769,"content":88770,"nodeType":866},{},[88771],{"data":88772,"marks":88773,"value":88774,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Sending stolen data back to a C2 server.",{"data":88776,"content":88777,"nodeType":1570},{},[88778],{"data":88779,"content":88780,"nodeType":866},{},[88781],{"data":88782,"marks":88783,"value":88784,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Facilitating the deployment of additional tools and malware as part of a package. ",{"data":88786,"content":88787,"nodeType":1570},{},[88788],{"data":88789,"content":88790,"nodeType":866},{},[88791],{"data":88792,"marks":88793,"value":88794,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Often (but not always) self-terminating once complete, leaving little trace on the victim machine and no ongoing behavior that might be detected. ",{"data":88796,"content":88797,"nodeType":866},{},[88798],{"data":88799,"marks":88800,"value":88801,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are distributed in similar ways to other types of malware, such as:",{"data":88803,"content":88804,"nodeType":1616},{},[88805,88815],{"data":88806,"content":88807,"nodeType":1570},{},[88808],{"data":88809,"content":88810,"nodeType":866},{},[88811],{"data":88812,"marks":88813,"value":88814,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Delivery of malicious executable files via phishing emails or by having a victim download content from a malicious website. ",{"data":88816,"content":88817,"nodeType":1570},{},[88818],{"data":88819,"content":88820,"nodeType":866},{},[88821],{"data":88822,"marks":88823,"value":88824,"nodeType":865},{},[],"‘Drive-by’ style attacks where the victim has only to visit an infected website.",{"data":88826,"content":88827,"nodeType":866},{},[88828,88832,88841,88844,88853,88856,88865,88869,88878],{"data":88829,"marks":88830,"value":88831,"nodeType":865},{},[],"They’re typically spread via malvertising, P2P downloads, and deceptive software download sites. ",{"data":88833,"content":88835,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88834},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fake-cheat-lures-gamers-into-spreading-infostealer-malware/",[88836],{"data":88837,"marks":88838,"value":88840,"nodeType":865},{},[88839],{"type":943},"Gaming forums",{"data":88842,"marks":88843,"value":2717,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88845,"content":88847,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88846},"https://cybersecuritynews.com/facebook-account-hijack-malware/",[88848],{"data":88849,"marks":88850,"value":88852,"nodeType":865},{},[88851],{"type":943},"Facebook ads",{"data":88854,"marks":88855,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88857,"content":88859,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88858},"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/lumma-variant-on-youtube",[88860],{"data":88861,"marks":88862,"value":88864,"nodeType":865},{},[88863],{"type":943},"YouTube video descriptions",{"data":88866,"marks":88867,"value":88868,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are popular locations for malicious links, but recent examples also include ",{"data":88870,"content":88872,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88871},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/over-3-000-github-accounts-used-by-malware-distribution-service/",[88873],{"data":88874,"marks":88875,"value":88877,"nodeType":865},{},[88876],{"type":943},"complex malware distribution networks on GitHub",{"data":88879,"marks":88880,"value":88881,"nodeType":865},{},[]," – such as the recent campaign from ‘Stargazer Goblin’ with more than 3,000 fake accounts creating and promoting hundreds of fake repositories to increase their apparent legitimacy and make them more likely to appear on GitHub's trending section.",{"data":88883,"content":88884,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":88886,"content":88887,"nodeType":981},{},[88888],{"data":88889,"marks":88890,"value":88891,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are key to the cybercrime ecosystem",{"data":88893,"content":88894,"nodeType":866},{},[88895,88899,88907],{"data":88896,"marks":88897,"value":88898,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After being stolen, ",{"data":88900,"content":88901,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88504},[88902],{"data":88903,"marks":88904,"value":88906,"nodeType":865},{},[88905],{"type":943},"infostealer data inevitably finds its way onto hacker forums and marketplaces",{"data":88908,"marks":88909,"value":88910,"nodeType":865},{},[],", both on the clearweb and darkweb. Popular infostealers have their own dedicated Telegram channels to advertise and sell stolen data. Private channels also exist, with the channel owner distributing tens of thousands of logs per week to a limited number of threat actors who pay $200-$400 for access to the channel. This allows them to get ‘first pick’ of stolen logs, which are later shared through public Telegram channels. ",{"data":88912,"content":88913,"nodeType":866},{},[88914,88918,88927],{"data":88915,"marks":88916,"value":88917,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Public data eventually makes its way onto services such as Have I Been Pwned (HIBP), which gives individuals and security teams some visibility of which credentials have been compromised. For example, ",{"data":88919,"content":88921,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88920},"https://www.troyhunt.com/telegram-combolists-and-361m-email-addresses/",[88922],{"data":88923,"marks":88924,"value":88926,"nodeType":865},{},[88925],{"type":943},"in June, Troy Hunt (creator of HIBP) wrote",{"data":88928,"marks":88929,"value":88930,"nodeType":865},{},[]," about the impact of channels like Telegram and the sale of combolists (username, password, login portal URL), after being sent 122GB of data scraped out of thousands of Telegram channels, containing 361M unique email addresses (of which 151M had never been seen in HIBP before). ",{"data":88932,"content":88933,"nodeType":866},{},[88934],{"data":88935,"marks":88936,"value":88937,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The cybercrime ecosystem is complex, with a developed supply chain and organizations fulfilling different roles as a result: from malware-as-a-service developers, to initial access brokers, to the operators that actually conduct the attacks (be they ransomware, data theft, etc.) – and many, many other roles in between. Sometimes, a single group and/or its affiliates will conduct the full chain, but this is far less common today. ",{"data":88939,"content":88940,"nodeType":866},{},[88941,88944,88953],{"data":88942,"marks":88943,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":88945,"content":88947,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88946},"https://www.secureworks.com/research/the-growing-threat-from-infostealers",[88948],{"data":88949,"marks":88950,"value":88952,"nodeType":865},{},[88951],{"type":943},"Infostealers are often sold by malware developers to other attackers as a monthly subscription service.",{"data":88954,"marks":88955,"value":88956,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The price can range from $50 to over $1,000 USD per month for access to a stealer command and control (C2) server operated by the developer. The service often features a range of support functions, including multiple ways to view, download, and share stolen data. Self-hosted stealer C2 servers are also available and are usually sold for a flat fee. ",{"data":88958,"content":88959,"nodeType":866},{},[88960],{"data":88961,"marks":88962,"value":88963,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There’s also evidence that there is an element of target coordination – with one marketplace, Russian Market, allowing users to ‘preorder’ credentials for a $1,000 USD deposit from 2022. ",{"data":88965,"content":88966,"nodeType":866},{},[88967,88972],{"data":88968,"marks":88969,"value":88971,"nodeType":865},{},[88970],{"type":926},"So what? Well, there's evidently an abundance of breached data already online, and attackers have the tools readily available to have this pile grow exponentially bigger and more useful.",{"data":88973,"marks":88974,"value":88975,"nodeType":865},{},[]," It’s also probably more coordinated than we like to admit – a particularly intimidating prospect in the wake of Snowflake, which will no doubt have many criminals smelling blood in the water. ",{"data":88977,"content":88978,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":88980,"content":88981,"nodeType":981},{},[88982],{"data":88983,"marks":88984,"value":88985,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How can stolen data be abused by attackers? ",{"data":88987,"content":88988,"nodeType":866},{},[88989],{"data":88990,"marks":88991,"value":88992,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s pretty obvious that attackers getting access to all of your passwords and session cookies is bad, but there is a clear value hierarchy from a corporate security perspective. So, from highest to lowest risk:",{"data":88994,"content":88995,"nodeType":1616},{},[88996,89011,89026],{"data":88997,"content":88998,"nodeType":1570},{},[88999],{"data":89000,"content":89001,"nodeType":866},{},[89002,89007],{"data":89003,"marks":89004,"value":89006,"nodeType":865},{},[89005],{"type":926},"Stolen session cookies",{"data":89008,"marks":89009,"value":89010,"nodeType":865},{},[]," simply need to be imported into an attacker’s browser to resume an active session on an app. That means access can be gained without needing to enter a username and password, or pass any MFA checks. ",{"data":89012,"content":89013,"nodeType":1570},{},[89014],{"data":89015,"content":89016,"nodeType":866},{},[89017,89022],{"data":89018,"marks":89019,"value":89021,"nodeType":865},{},[89020],{"type":926},"Stolen usernames, passwords",{"data":89023,"marks":89024,"value":89025,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and login page URLs can be used to access any accounts that lack MFA. ",{"data":89027,"content":89028,"nodeType":1570},{},[89029],{"data":89030,"content":89031,"nodeType":866},{},[89032,89037],{"data":89033,"marks":89034,"value":89036,"nodeType":865},{},[89035],{"type":926},"Stolen autofill data",{"data":89038,"marks":89039,"value":89040,"nodeType":865},{},[]," can be used to gather other valuable information that could be useful for impersonating the victim when speaking to social engineering IT support staff, for example to reset or remove MFA.",{"data":89042,"content":89043,"nodeType":866},{},[89044],{"data":89045,"marks":89046,"value":89047,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Naturally, stolen session cookies are the most valuable prize, but they are often valid for only a limited time before the user must re-authenticate, and active sessions can often be terminated by security admins. Unfortunately, it’s not that uncommon for sessions to last for up to a month, or even sometimes indefinitely.",{"data":89049,"content":89050,"nodeType":866},{},[89051],{"data":89052,"marks":89053,"value":89054,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen usernames and passwords are a different story. As the Snowflake breaches demonstrate, passwords can remain valid for years after a breach, particularly in the world of SaaS apps where mandatory password rotation is not as common as for a user’s primary domain account.",{"data":89056,"content":89057,"nodeType":866},{},[89058,89062,89069],{"data":89059,"marks":89060,"value":89061,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There’s also the problem of ",{"data":89063,"content":89064,"nodeType":889},{"uri":15989},[89065],{"data":89066,"marks":89067,"value":15994,"nodeType":865},{},[89068],{"type":943},{"data":89070,"marks":89071,"value":89072,"nodeType":865},{},[]," – where a local login with a username and password (and probably lacking MFA) can exist alongside other, more secure login methods such as SSO. Given the fact that many apps are self-adopted by users, these accounts continue to exist even when an app is subsequently added to SSO via the chosen IdP, meaning they can fly under the radar of security teams. ",{"data":89074,"content":89075,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":89077,"content":89078,"nodeType":981},{},[89079],{"data":89080,"marks":89081,"value":89082,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Should you be concerned about infostealers?",{"data":89084,"content":89085,"nodeType":866},{},[89086],{"data":89087,"marks":89088,"value":89089,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s commonly thought that infostealers are primarily a concern for unmanaged devices that lack security controls common to corporate IT, such as EDR. But there’s a couple of reasons why corporate users are also at risk:",{"data":89091,"content":89092,"nodeType":1317},{},[89093],{"data":89094,"marks":89095,"value":89096,"nodeType":865},{},[],"EDR can be bypassed",{"data":89098,"content":89099,"nodeType":866},{},[89100,89104,89113],{"data":89101,"marks":89102,"value":89103,"nodeType":865},{},[],"EDR is seen as the go-to solution for defending against infostealer malware. However, attackers are always looking for ways to get around security controls by obfuscating malicious behavior and evading signature-based checks. For example, ",{"data":89105,"content":89107,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89106},"https://thehackernews.com/2024/07/microsoft-defender-flaw-exploited-to.html",[89108],{"data":89109,"marks":89110,"value":89112,"nodeType":865},{},[89111],{"type":943},"a flaw in Microsoft Defender SmartScreen was recently exploited to deliver infostealer malware",{"data":89114,"marks":89115,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":89117,"content":89118,"nodeType":866},{},[89119],{"data":89120,"marks":89121,"value":89122,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Getting total coverage across your endpoint estate is notoriously difficult, if not totally unrealistic. Unless the malware is stopped on execution, then data will inevitably be stolen, and will continue to be taken until stopped (or it self-terminates). And once an attacker has stolen employee credentials or sessions, the credential stuffing and session hijacking attacks that come next won’t touch the endpoint. For those reasons, you can’t rely on EDR as a single line of defense against infostealers.",{"data":89124,"content":89125,"nodeType":1317},{},[89126],{"data":89127,"marks":89128,"value":89129,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unmanaged devices such as BYOD or third-parties are vulnerable",{"data":89131,"content":89132,"nodeType":866},{},[89133],{"data":89134,"marks":89135,"value":89136,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Companies that support BYOD often have less secure configurations than those with fully managed devices. The same applies to third-party contractors, who often use their own devices to access company systems on a temporary basis. ",{"data":89138,"content":89139,"nodeType":866},{},[89140,89144,89151],{"data":89141,"marks":89142,"value":89143,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This issue was acutely felt in the Snowflake attacks: There is some suggestion that targeting key third-party suppliers – ",{"data":89145,"content":89146,"nodeType":889},{"uri":82681},[89147],{"data":89148,"marks":89149,"value":82687,"nodeType":865},{},[89150],{"type":943},{"data":89152,"marks":89153,"value":89154,"nodeType":865},{},[]," – yielded some of the access needed. It’s unclear what came first, but it’s possible (likely, even) that EPAM was identified as a target specifically because of its lucrative customer base – third-parties are a known weak point for red teamers, so it would be foolish to assume that attackers don’t also think this way. It’s possible too that EPAM were specifically targeted because of their Snowflake chops – adding another indicator that Snowflake was potentially a premeditated attack inspired by the availability of Snowflake credentials online. ",{"data":89156,"content":89157,"nodeType":1317},{},[89158],{"data":89159,"marks":89160,"value":89161,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser profiles can be synced across devices, increasing the blast radius",{"data":89163,"content":89164,"nodeType":866},{},[89165],{"data":89166,"marks":89167,"value":89168,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s not uncommon for employees to access their personal email accounts from company devices. When accessing any browser, you are typically prompted to sign in with your account credentials (e.g. your Google account). If a user signs into a browser on a company device with a personal account, you’re usually prompted to sync your account across devices. This usually means that any saved passwords, search history, and settings are shared across devices. ",{"data":89170,"content":89171,"nodeType":866},{},[89172],{"data":89173,"marks":89174,"value":89175,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Naturally, this means that if a personal device is compromised where you’re also logged into the browser profile, then an infostealer will be able to harvest information saved into that profile across devices.",{"data":89177,"content":89178,"nodeType":866},{},[89179],{"data":89180,"marks":89181,"value":89182,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even when using separate browser profiles for work and personal, it’s easy for the two to converge, or to slip into using the wrong profile. Accessing personal accounts (or at least synchronizing data across accounts) is usually a workplace policy violation, but it’s unfortunately all too common. ",{"data":89184,"content":89185,"nodeType":866},{},[89186,89190,89199],{"data":89187,"marks":89188,"value":89189,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Previous vulnerabilities have exacerbated this problem, such as ",{"data":89191,"content":89193,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89192},"https://thehackernews.com/2024/01/malware-using-google-multilogin-exploit.html",[89194],{"data":89195,"marks":89196,"value":89198,"nodeType":865},{},[89197],{"type":943},"an exploit affecting Google MultiLogin to maintain access to synced accounts even after a password reset",{"data":89200,"marks":89201,"value":13251,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":89203,"content":89204,"nodeType":1317},{},[89205],{"data":89206,"marks":89207,"value":89208,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Are infostealers a bigger problem than credential phishing? ",{"data":89210,"content":89211,"nodeType":866},{},[89212],{"data":89213,"marks":89214,"value":89215,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The short answer is: No. The longer answer is: They are both part of the bigger problem of identity attacks, and attackers can wield both approaches simultaneously. ",{"data":89217,"content":89218,"nodeType":866},{},[89219],{"data":89220,"marks":89221,"value":89222,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While they are delivered to victims in similar ways to phishing links, most organizations are arguably better protected against infostealers than modern phishing attacks because endpoint security controls provide another layer of protection, in theory – whereas modern phishing attacks don’t necessarily involve the delivery of malware that executes on the device. ",{"data":89224,"content":89225,"nodeType":866},{},[89226],{"data":89227,"marks":89228,"value":89229,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers arguably provide more bang for the attacker’s buck, grabbing a stack of credentials and useful data in one go. In contrast, phishing is usually much more targeted, and involves the compromise of a narrower set of credentials – typically focusing on a particular site or app. ",{"data":89231,"content":89232,"nodeType":866},{},[89233,89237,89246,89250,89257],{"data":89234,"marks":89235,"value":89236,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth focusing on the TTP, not the particular tool being used: The attacker technique here is ",{"data":89238,"content":89240,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89239},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/session_cookie_theft/description.md",[89241],{"data":89242,"marks":89243,"value":89245,"nodeType":865},{},[89244],{"type":943},"session cookie theft",{"data":89247,"marks":89248,"value":89249,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and subsequently session hijacking by importing the cookie into the attacker’s browser. Both infostealers and ",{"data":89251,"content":89252,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60090},[89253],{"data":89254,"marks":89255,"value":89256,"nodeType":865},{},[],"modern phishing attacks",{"data":89258,"marks":89259,"value":89260,"nodeType":865},{},[]," involve the theft of session tokens, and so are valid means to achieve this end. In fact, there’s nothing to stop threat groups from employing both simultaneously.",{"data":89262,"content":89266,"nodeType":912},{"target":89263},{"sys":89264},{"id":89265,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7fil6aaQDFfJGYUnQ14k10",[],{"data":89268,"content":89269,"nodeType":972},{},[],{"data":89271,"content":89272,"nodeType":981},{},[89273],{"data":89274,"marks":89275,"value":89276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers in action",{"data":89278,"content":89279,"nodeType":866},{},[89280],{"data":89281,"marks":89282,"value":89283,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check out the video demo below to see the attack chain in action from the point of an infostealer compromise, showing session cookie theft, reimporting the cookies into the attacker's browser, and evading policy-based controls in M365. It also shows the targeting of downstream apps that are usually accessed via SSO in the context of both a Microsoft Entra and Okta compromise.",{"data":89285,"content":89289,"nodeType":912},{"target":89286},{"sys":89287},{"id":89288,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4J7LqqjQX2W52AbmcVmjUt",[],{"data":89291,"content":89292,"nodeType":981},{},[89293],{"data":89294,"marks":89295,"value":89296,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What can organizations do about the infostealer threat? ",{"data":89298,"content":89299,"nodeType":866},{},[89300],{"data":89301,"marks":89302,"value":89303,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security teams should have two main concerns:",{"data":89305,"content":89306,"nodeType":1616},{},[89307,89317],{"data":89308,"content":89309,"nodeType":1570},{},[89310],{"data":89311,"content":89312,"nodeType":866},{},[89313],{"data":89314,"marks":89315,"value":89316,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Data that is already out there from historical data dumps, but is still valid. ",{"data":89318,"content":89319,"nodeType":1570},{},[89320],{"data":89321,"content":89322,"nodeType":866},{},[89323],{"data":89324,"marks":89325,"value":89326,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Data in private channels that attackers could use in the future, that you are blind to. ",{"data":89328,"content":89329,"nodeType":866},{},[89330],{"data":89331,"marks":89332,"value":89333,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As always, the root-cause of the problem is a lack of meaningful visibility of what apps your employees are using (including those outside your IdP) and whether the associated identities are configured securely. ",{"data":89335,"content":89336,"nodeType":866},{},[89337],{"data":89338,"marks":89339,"value":89340,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A layered, defense-in-depth approach is required to resolve the issue, by:",{"data":89342,"content":89343,"nodeType":1616},{},[89344,89354,89364,89374],{"data":89345,"content":89346,"nodeType":1570},{},[89347],{"data":89348,"content":89349,"nodeType":866},{},[89350],{"data":89351,"marks":89352,"value":89353,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Deploying MFA across all your identities and apps, including any local logins that can’t be put behind SSO. ",{"data":89355,"content":89356,"nodeType":1570},{},[89357],{"data":89358,"content":89359,"nodeType":866},{},[89360],{"data":89361,"marks":89362,"value":89363,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Configuring time-limited session lifetimes for all apps to ensure that any stolen session tokens can only be used temporarily. ",{"data":89365,"content":89366,"nodeType":1570},{},[89367],{"data":89368,"content":89369,"nodeType":866},{},[89370],{"data":89371,"marks":89372,"value":89373,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ensuring that employees don’t access or synchronize personal accounts on their work devices, as well as limiting non-work activities on their work device as much as possible.",{"data":89375,"content":89376,"nodeType":1570},{},[89377],{"data":89378,"content":89379,"nodeType":866},{},[89380],{"data":89381,"marks":89382,"value":89383,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Implementing a robust EDR/MDR solution to detect and respond to malware compromises on user devices. ",{"data":89385,"content":89386,"nodeType":866},{},[89387,89391,89396],{"data":89388,"marks":89389,"value":89390,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations also have the option of investing in a commercial TI feed to detect and report data breaches affecting employees. But in our experience, these feeds contain ",{"data":89392,"marks":89393,"value":89395,"nodeType":865},{},[89394],{"type":926},"a lot ",{"data":89397,"marks":89398,"value":89399,"nodeType":865},{},[],"of false positives – so unless you have password visibility for employee accounts across apps, it’s going to waste a chunk of valuable time for you and your employees.",{"data":89401,"content":89402,"nodeType":866},{},[89403,89407,89415],{"data":89404,"marks":89405,"value":89406,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It would be remiss of us not to mention our recently released ",{"data":89408,"content":89409,"nodeType":889},{"uri":83019},[89410],{"data":89411,"marks":89412,"value":89414,"nodeType":865},{},[89413],{"type":943},"session token theft detection feature",{"data":89416,"marks":89417,"value":89418,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that identifies session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string – using the power of our browser agent to create a new high-fidelity signal for security teams. It can also be applied more generally to detect any session taking place in an unmanaged browser – so you can use it to spot unauthorized access to company apps in general, too.  ",{"data":89420,"content":89424,"nodeType":912},{"target":89421},{"sys":89422},{"id":89423,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3XgpqEGzZSD2J0uvnCg5D8",[],{"data":89426,"content":89427,"nodeType":1317},{},[89428],{"data":89429,"marks":89430,"value":89431,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What’s next for infostealers?",{"data":89433,"content":89434,"nodeType":866},{},[89435],{"data":89436,"marks":89437,"value":89438,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All the signs point to the fact that infostealers will continue being a useful tool in the attacker’s arsenal. The Snowflake attacks in particular are both a warning for defenders and encouragement for attackers. It's also a good reminder that while infostealers were once used to harvest things like VPN creds to pivot to the internal network, they're now largely used to target third-party services over the internet. ",{"data":89440,"content":89441,"nodeType":866},{},[89442],{"data":89443,"marks":89444,"value":89445,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To evade EDR, it’s likely that we’ll see a growing number of families and variants used by individual groups, or better ‘enterprise’ capabilities from malware-as-a-service vendors. ",{"data":89447,"content":89448,"nodeType":866},{},[89449,89453,89462,89466,89474],{"data":89450,"marks":89451,"value":89452,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One notable quirk is that, to date, infostealers have not really branched out from targeting browsers. Take the example of password manager apps – you would think this would be an obvious target, right? But, they’re not usually targeted (",{"data":89454,"content":89456,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89455},"https://securitysenses.com/posts/malware-targeting-password-managers",[89457],{"data":89458,"marks":89459,"value":89461,"nodeType":865},{},[89460],{"type":943},"with some exceptions",{"data":89463,"marks":89464,"value":89465,"nodeType":865},{},[],"). And when they do, ",{"data":89467,"content":89468,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89455},[89469],{"data":89470,"marks":89471,"value":89473,"nodeType":865},{},[89472],{"type":943},"they work by eavesdropping on the password manager’s browser extension in action",{"data":89475,"marks":89476,"value":89477,"nodeType":865},{},[]," – meaning they are intercepted one-at-a-time as the user uses them, rather than targeting the password manager directly and exporting the saved passwords all at once. It will be interesting to see whether these capabilities are added in the future. ",{"data":89479,"content":89480,"nodeType":866},{},[89481,89485,89494,89497,89506,89510,89519],{"data":89482,"marks":89483,"value":89484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the other hand, there are defensive security developments that could reduce the ability of attackers to leverage things like stolen session tokens, such as ",{"data":89486,"content":89488,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89487},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/conditional-access/concept-token-protection",[89489],{"data":89490,"marks":89491,"value":89493,"nodeType":865},{},[89492],{"type":943},"Microsoft’s token binding feature in Entra",{"data":89495,"marks":89496,"value":13448,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":89498,"content":89500,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89499},"https://blog.chromium.org/2024/04/fighting-cookie-theft-using-device.html",[89501],{"data":89502,"marks":89503,"value":89505,"nodeType":865},{},[89504],{"type":943},"Google’s device bound session cookies",{"data":89507,"marks":89508,"value":89509,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Google also released an ",{"data":89511,"content":89513,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89512},"https://security.googleblog.com/2024/07/improving-security-of-chrome-cookies-on.html?m=1",[89514],{"data":89515,"marks":89516,"value":89518,"nodeType":865},{},[89517],{"type":943},"app-bound encryption feature",{"data":89520,"marks":89521,"value":89522,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which adds additional protection against infostealers attempting to steal browser data in Chrome if the underlying Windows device is compromised. ",{"data":89524,"content":89525,"nodeType":866},{},[89526],{"data":89527,"marks":89528,"value":89529,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That said, mature versions of these controls are still years away, and while session cookie theft is a key risk of infostealers, it’s not the only risk – so alternative controls and mitigations remain valuable to security teams in the present. ",{"data":89531,"content":89535,"nodeType":912},{"target":89532},{"sys":89533},{"id":89534,"type":909,"linkType":910},"5loTnpvwGD3kaKMXBp23hZ",[],{"data":89537,"content":89538,"nodeType":866},{},[89539],{"data":89540,"marks":89541,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":89543},{"hyperlink":89544,"inline":89545,"block":89546},[],[],[89547,89550,89557,89560],{"sys":89548,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":89549,"buttonLabel":84374,"buttonColour":66510,"buttonUrl":60090},{"id":89265},"Learn more about modern AitM and BitM phishing toolkits",{"sys":89551,"__typename":89552,"title":89553,"youTubeUrl":89554,"imagePlaceholder":89555},{"id":89288},"ExternalVideo","Session hijacking using stolen session cookies","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlSweA5UfYw",{"url":89556,"width":12140,"height":54890},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4ONwBrDgXX7NdfkMoIVu8v/775f0c1646e90220b2df9fe17ec30690/Slide_16_9_-_44__2_.png",{"sys":89558,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":89559,"buttonLabel":84374,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":83019},{"id":89423},"Learn more about how we use browser telemetry to detect and stop session token theft",{"sys":89561,"__typename":1414,"type":1415,"ctaText":89562,"buttonLabel":89563,"buttonColour":1418,"buttonUrl":89564},{"id":89534},"Check out our on-demand webinar for everything you need to know about infostealers and session hijacking","Watch on-demand","https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/infostealers-webinar-ondemand/",{"items":89566},[],{},"How infostealers fuel breaches with stolen creds and cookies","2024-07-31T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":89571},[89572,90152,90661],{"__typename":1429,"sys":89573,"content":89575,"title":90138,"synopsis":90139,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":90140,"slug":90141,"tagsCollection":90142,"authorsCollection":90148},{"id":89574},"11C3shj5SlkS8sAd3AlYDp",{"json":89576},{"data":89577,"content":89578,"nodeType":1382},{},[89579,89599,89618,89625,89631,89638,89645,89652,89659,89667,89686,89693,89700,89707,89712,89719,89751,89758,89765,89772,89779,89785,89792,89799,89806,89837,89843,89850,89857,89888,89894,89901,89908,89915,89922,89928,89934,89941,89948,89955,89961,89968,89975,89982,89989,90008,90024,90030,90037,90044,90050,90057,90076,90082,90089,90116,90123,90130],{"data":89580,"content":89581,"nodeType":866},{},[89582,89586,89595],{"data":89583,"marks":89584,"value":89585,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s been well reported that ",{"data":89587,"content":89589,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89588},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/",[89590],{"data":89591,"marks":89592,"value":89594,"nodeType":865},{},[89593],{"type":943},"identity attacks are on the rise",{"data":89596,"marks":89597,"value":89598,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and constantly evolving phishing tools and techniques are a big part of this. In particular, the increasing prevalence of MFA has led to AitM phishing attacks becoming much more common. The threat intelligence industry naturally wants to locate and shutdown all the phishing servers – but the phishers are fighting back.",{"data":89600,"content":89601,"nodeType":866},{},[89602,89606,89614],{"data":89603,"marks":89604,"value":89605,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Before we dive into how AitM phishing kits evade detection, you should check out our earlier blog post on ‘",{"data":89607,"content":89608,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60090},[89609],{"data":89610,"marks":89611,"value":89613,"nodeType":865},{},[89612],{"type":943},"Phishing 2.0 – how phishing toolkits are evolving with AitM",{"data":89615,"marks":89616,"value":89617,"nodeType":865},{},[],"’ if you want to get up to speed with what these toolkits are, and why attackers are using them more regularly. ",{"data":89619,"content":89620,"nodeType":866},{},[89621],{"data":89622,"marks":89623,"value":89624,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this blog post, we’re going to look at a recent instance of the NakedPages AitM phishing toolkit and some of the steps it takes to frustrate detection and analysis. In particular, we’ll look at how malicious activity is obfuscated through the use of legitimate SaaS services. NakedPages uses a range of different techniques and so serves as a good case study as to how AitM toolkits are being designed to evade detection.",{"data":89626,"content":89630,"nodeType":912},{"target":89627},{"sys":89628},{"id":89629,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2Qcn2nNRXVkdqqxGO8lDZf",[],{"data":89632,"content":89633,"nodeType":866},{},[89634],{"data":89635,"marks":89636,"value":89637,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Before we dive in, it’s useful to keep in mind that while there is a lot of complication here, most of this happens in seconds and is transparent to the intended victim accessing from a real browser.",{"data":89639,"content":89640,"nodeType":981},{},[89641],{"data":89642,"marks":89643,"value":89644,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Step 1: Cloudflare Workers for the initial gateway",{"data":89646,"content":89647,"nodeType":866},{},[89648],{"data":89649,"marks":89650,"value":89651,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A key feature of the NakedPages kit is that it has several stages and redirections and, in order for it to operate as intended, the target has to arrive at the beginning. The first step involves visiting a URL that is simply a Cloudflare Worker. Cloudflare Workers are a serverless execution environment, a bit like AWS lambdas.",{"data":89653,"content":89654,"nodeType":866},{},[89655],{"data":89656,"marks":89657,"value":89658,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The benefit to the attacker is that this gives them a highly reputable primary domain as it is one owned and operated by Cloudflare. Flagging recently registered or uncategorized/rare domains for further analysis won’t work for this. For example, the URL used in this instance was the following:",{"data":89660,"content":89661,"nodeType":866},{},[89662],{"data":89663,"marks":89664,"value":89666,"nodeType":865},{},[89665],{"type":13768},"hxxps://226028cc.502f135e3e036e726fba22d4.workers.dev",{"data":89668,"content":89669,"nodeType":866},{},[89670,89674,89683],{"data":89671,"marks":89672,"value":89673,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For other examples of Cloudflare Workers being abused for phishing, ",{"data":89675,"content":89677,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89676},"https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/its-raining-phish-and-scams-how-cloudflare-pages-dev-and-workers-dev-domains-get-abused/",[89678],{"data":89679,"marks":89680,"value":89682,"nodeType":865},{},[89681],{"type":943},"check out this blog post from Trustwave",{"data":89684,"marks":89685,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":89687,"content":89688,"nodeType":981},{},[89689],{"data":89690,"marks":89691,"value":89692,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Step 2: Cloudflare Turnstile for bot detection",{"data":89694,"content":89695,"nodeType":866},{},[89696],{"data":89697,"marks":89698,"value":89699,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The only purpose of the Cloudflare Worker is to act as a bot gateway to prevent automated analysis getting further than this point. For this it uses Cloudflare Turnstile. Turnstile is a highly effective tool for detecting the difference between bots and human users as a replacement for CAPTCHAs used by websites across the world. ",{"data":89701,"content":89702,"nodeType":866},{},[89703],{"data":89704,"marks":89705,"value":89706,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If it doesn’t work transparently then you’ll probably see something like this:",{"data":89708,"content":89711,"nodeType":912},{"target":89709},{"sys":89710},{"id":88039,"type":909,"linkType":910},[],{"data":89713,"content":89714,"nodeType":866},{},[89715],{"data":89716,"marks":89717,"value":89718,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, who else wants to keep out the bots? Well, phishers of course! There are many sandbox environments and other automated platforms out there, visiting every URL they come across in the search for malicious behavior. This stops many of them in their tracks as they never get past the Turnstile check. ",{"data":89720,"content":89721,"nodeType":866},{},[89722,89726,89735,89739,89748],{"data":89723,"marks":89724,"value":89725,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious use of Turnstile use has become much more common now. Examples include other criminal kits ",{"data":89727,"content":89729,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89728},"https://blog.sekoia.io/tycoon-2fa-an-in-depth-analysis-of-the-latest-version-of-the-aitm-phishing-kit/",[89730],{"data":89731,"marks":89732,"value":89734,"nodeType":865},{},[89733],{"type":943},"such as Tycoon",{"data":89736,"marks":89737,"value":89738,"nodeType":865},{},[],", as well as ",{"data":89740,"content":89742,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89741},"https://fin3ss3g0d.net/index.php/2024/04/08/evilgophishs-approach-to-advanced-bot-detection-with-cloudflare-turnstile/",[89743],{"data":89744,"marks":89745,"value":89747,"nodeType":865},{},[89746],{"type":943},"open-source phishing tools focused on red teaming",{"data":89749,"marks":89750,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":89752,"content":89753,"nodeType":981},{},[89754],{"data":89755,"marks":89756,"value":89757,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Step 3: Required URL parameters and custom auth headers",{"data":89759,"content":89760,"nodeType":866},{},[89761],{"data":89762,"marks":89763,"value":89764,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you get past Turnstile, then you’ll finally be redirected to a more conventionally suspicious domain. However, you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, or that request might behave differently. ",{"data":89766,"content":89767,"nodeType":866},{},[89768],{"data":89769,"marks":89770,"value":89771,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Suspicious domains can be found and interrogated through other means, such as observing new domain registrations or certificate transparency logs. In this case, the phishers add other steps involving required URL parameters and custom headers. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":89773,"content":89774,"nodeType":866},{},[89775],{"data":89776,"marks":89777,"value":89778,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The following code snippet shows how this operates. Bonus points for spotting how they actually forgot to implement their own RSA encryption function and instead send their “encrypted” user agents in clear text:",{"data":89780,"content":89784,"nodeType":912},{"target":89781},{"sys":89782},{"id":89783,"type":909,"linkType":910},"45aif31bot9phquQPkz20p",[],{"data":89786,"content":89787,"nodeType":981},{},[89788],{"data":89789,"marks":89790,"value":89791,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Step 4: Requiring JavaScript execution",{"data":89793,"content":89794,"nodeType":866},{},[89795],{"data":89796,"marks":89797,"value":89798,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another aspect of the previous step is that it requires JavaScript to execute. That means defensive techniques that simply make HTTP(S) requests and scrape content will not automatically be able to follow the link without allowing JavaScript execution. This forces the use of dynamic sandbox techniques that actually load a DOM, as it’s almost impossible for static analysis to generically solve this problem.",{"data":89800,"content":89801,"nodeType":981},{},[89802],{"data":89803,"marks":89804,"value":89805,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Step 5: Redirecting to legitimate domains",{"data":89807,"content":89808,"nodeType":866},{},[89809,89813,89821,89825,89834],{"data":89810,"marks":89811,"value":89812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers will also redirect to legitimate domains to mask their activity. Let’s say a defender has visited the attacker’s malicious domain without executing JavaScript or supplying the correct URL parameters. The attacker doesn’t want to activate their malicious phishing behavior at this point, so they need to do something benign instead. In this case, they simply redirect to ",{"data":89814,"content":89816,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89815},"https://example.com",[89817],{"data":89818,"marks":89819,"value":89815,"nodeType":865},{},[89820],{"type":943},{"data":89822,"marks":89823,"value":89824,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Interestingly, ",{"data":89826,"content":89828,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89827},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W-LxcbUxI4&t=643s",[89829],{"data":89830,"marks":89831,"value":89833,"nodeType":865},{},[89832],{"type":943},"EvilProxy has also been seen redirecting to example.com too",{"data":89835,"marks":89836,"value":48029,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":89838,"content":89842,"nodeType":912},{"target":89839},{"sys":89840},{"id":89841,"type":909,"linkType":910},"450Y7W1uXVkKSps5y0xhBe",[],{"data":89844,"content":89845,"nodeType":981},{},[89846],{"data":89847,"marks":89848,"value":89849,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Step 6: HTTP referer header masking",{"data":89851,"content":89852,"nodeType":866},{},[89853],{"data":89854,"marks":89855,"value":89856,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Maintainers of legitimate websites often look at the HTTP referer header to see where they are being linked from. This is often a critical task for businesses, particularly for things like marketing. However, what if employees spot strange redirects coming in from suspicious looking domains like the ones used by this phishing kit? Perhaps they might investigate those domains and/or tip off relevant security vendors and organizations. ",{"data":89858,"content":89859,"nodeType":866},{},[89860,89864,89872,89876,89884],{"data":89861,"marks":89862,"value":89863,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unless, of course, you were to use a service to mask the HTTP referrer – which is exactly what the phishing kit does in this case. NakedPages makes use of ",{"data":89865,"content":89867,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89866},"https://href.li/",[89868],{"data":89869,"marks":89870,"value":89866,"nodeType":865},{},[89871],{"type":943},{"data":89873,"marks":89874,"value":89875,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as a service to strip the referral to ensure the redirection is performed anonymously. Rather conveniently, it seems the default example that ",{"data":89877,"content":89879,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89878},"https://href.li",[89880],{"data":89881,"marks":89882,"value":89878,"nodeType":865},{},[89883],{"type":943},{"data":89885,"marks":89886,"value":89887,"nodeType":865},{},[]," uses is… example.com:",{"data":89889,"content":89893,"nodeType":912},{"target":89890},{"sys":89891},{"id":89892,"type":909,"linkType":910},"78xFQwTG1r0YWGJ24iEdYP",[],{"data":89895,"content":89896,"nodeType":981},{},[89897],{"data":89898,"marks":89899,"value":89900,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Step 7: Loading balanced domains",{"data":89902,"content":89903,"nodeType":866},{},[89904],{"data":89905,"marks":89906,"value":89907,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You’re probably thinking: Step 7? Surely, if a victim’s browser has finally made it this far then the attackers would just serve up the malicious phishing content at this point, right? Well, we aren’t quite done yet. These initial gateway servers are one of the most important components to keep undetected, as existing phishing campaigns and (as yet unread) emails will be leading to them.",{"data":89909,"content":89910,"nodeType":866},{},[89911],{"data":89912,"marks":89913,"value":89914,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once we get to the more obviously malicious phishing activity, there is a higher chance of detection and user reports. In this case the phishing kit actually retrieves a new URL to redirect to, along with a suitable JWT authentication parameter. The benefit of this is that when URLs/hostnames get flagged as malicious, blocked or otherwise taken down, the phishing kit can just redirect to other hostnames, and the attacker’s can keep updating with new URLs over time. ",{"data":89916,"content":89917,"nodeType":866},{},[89918],{"data":89919,"marks":89920,"value":89921,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Below we can see an example of the response containing a URL, with a JWT auth parameter:",{"data":89923,"content":89927,"nodeType":912},{"target":89924},{"sys":89925},{"id":89926,"type":909,"linkType":910},"4NpH7V5oEdTASNNJsqCJ47",[],{"data":89929,"content":89933,"nodeType":912},{"target":89930},{"sys":89931},{"id":89932,"type":909,"linkType":910},"7oqkrhNXtyOlJMEz0BZyLo",[],{"data":89935,"content":89936,"nodeType":866},{},[89937],{"data":89938,"marks":89939,"value":89940,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Automating this request in this example brings back around 20 different primary domains used for the final phishing attack. These domains are rotated over time as some are blocked and new ones are created.",{"data":89942,"content":89943,"nodeType":981},{},[89944],{"data":89945,"marks":89946,"value":89947,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Step 8: Breaking login page signatures",{"data":89949,"content":89950,"nodeType":866},{},[89951],{"data":89952,"marks":89953,"value":89954,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If all the previous checks have passed then a victim user is finally presented with a phishing page. The attacker has most closely emulated the sign-on page for live.com for Outlook in this case, though it also has some aspects from a business Microsoft login too, as we can see in the examples below:",{"data":89956,"content":89960,"nodeType":912},{"target":89957},{"sys":89958},{"id":89959,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2Ez0fgAlmkrisdQGWfL6CV",[],{"data":89962,"content":89963,"nodeType":866},{},[89964],{"data":89965,"marks":89966,"value":89967,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, one obvious change can be seen in the HTML title in the tab header. This normally says something like “Sign in to Outlook” or “Sign in to your account”. In this case, the phishing kit has randomized the HTML title. \n\nOne super easy way to detect websites pretending to be common login pages that have 1:1 cloned the website or are performing full reverse proxy AiTM techniques would be to search for obvious HTML content like this. Not many legitimate websites should have an HTML title of “Sign in to Outlook” other than Microsoft’s own legitimate domains for it, right?",{"data":89969,"content":89970,"nodeType":866},{},[89971],{"data":89972,"marks":89973,"value":89974,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Taking a closer look, we’ll see that the HTML, DOM and JavaScript etc. differ quite significantly from the true login pages, even if the visual appearance is very similar. One reason for this is to make it harder for defenders to simply signature on specific aspects of commonly spoofed login pages.",{"data":89976,"content":89977,"nodeType":981},{},[89978],{"data":89979,"marks":89980,"value":89981,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Step 9: B2B targeting",{"data":89983,"content":89984,"nodeType":866},{},[89985],{"data":89986,"marks":89987,"value":89988,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The final interesting aspect of this particular example is that it modifies its behavior during the login process depending on whether a personal Microsoft account or an organization account is used.",{"data":89990,"content":89991,"nodeType":866},{},[89992,89996,90004],{"data":89993,"marks":89994,"value":89995,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When entering an email address associated with a personal Microsoft account, or picking ‘personal account’ when prompted after entering an email address that is used for both purposes, the server will return a 302 redirect and send the user to ",{"data":89997,"content":89999,"nodeType":889},{"uri":89998},"https://login.live.com/",[90000],{"data":90001,"marks":90002,"value":89998,"nodeType":865},{},[90003],{"type":943},{"data":90005,"marks":90006,"value":90007,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where they can then re-enter their credentials and login to Microsoft legitimately if they continue. This reduces the potential for detection further as no AitM phishing login will actually occur.",{"data":90009,"content":90010,"nodeType":866},{},[90011,90015,90020],{"data":90012,"marks":90013,"value":90014,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the other hand, when using an organization account the phishing process continues as expected. ",{"data":90016,"marks":90017,"value":90019,"nodeType":865},{},[90018],{"type":926},"This phishing campaign is exclusively targeting corp accounts",{"data":90021,"marks":90022,"value":90023,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and you could almost say it has a B2B (or is that A2B?) rather than B2C business model.  ",{"data":90025,"content":90026,"nodeType":981},{},[90027],{"data":90028,"marks":90029,"value":46025,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90031,"content":90032,"nodeType":866},{},[90033],{"data":90034,"marks":90035,"value":90036,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As you may have guessed from the extremely suspicious domains in use and examples of sloppy coding (like forgetting to implement an encryption function) the NakedPages kit is far from sophisticated. Despite this, the tricks that attackers are using to make detection and analysis more difficult seem to be quite effective when used in a layered model. ",{"data":90038,"content":90039,"nodeType":866},{},[90040],{"data":90041,"marks":90042,"value":90043,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For example, at the time of writing this particular Worker had been up for at least two days and was currently only triggering 1 detection on VirusTotal. ",{"data":90045,"content":90049,"nodeType":912},{"target":90046},{"sys":90047},{"id":90048,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1mIOpDtmgcMasK6dEhRHsm",[],{"data":90051,"content":90052,"nodeType":866},{},[90053],{"data":90054,"marks":90055,"value":90056,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One key takeaway is that it’s near impossible to stay on top of all the phishing servers on the internet. Even the untargeted mass campaigns will initially be missed by TI feeds, let alone the targeted ones. ",{"data":90058,"content":90059,"nodeType":866},{},[90060,90064,90072],{"data":90061,"marks":90062,"value":90063,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The best foot forward for resilience against these attacks is through the use of domain-bound MFA methods like WebAuthn. Common MFA methods like OTPs, SMS, push notifications etc. are routinely bypassed using ",{"data":90065,"content":90066,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60090},[90067],{"data":90068,"marks":90069,"value":90071,"nodeType":865},{},[90070],{"type":943},"AitM techniques that proxy the MFA authentication as well",{"data":90073,"marks":90074,"value":90075,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Even if you are one of the few who use phishing-resistant MFA methods like WebAuthn or other passkeys, the devil is in the detail and we’ve seen MFA downgrade attacks being used to bypass them by choosing a phishable method that’s also active.",{"data":90077,"content":90081,"nodeType":912},{"target":90078},{"sys":90079},{"id":90080,"type":909,"linkType":910},"17lSgRFD6fDzRUn9eOHJg6",[],{"data":90083,"content":90084,"nodeType":981},{},[90085],{"data":90086,"marks":90087,"value":90088,"nodeType":865},{},[],"P.S. How did we detect this?",{"data":90090,"content":90091,"nodeType":866},{},[90092,90096,90101,90105,90113],{"data":90093,"marks":90094,"value":90095,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After all that, you might be wondering how we managed to automate a process to generically pass through all these detection evasion techniques – ",{"data":90097,"marks":90098,"value":90100,"nodeType":865},{},[90099],{"type":926},"well the short answer is: We didn’t.",{"data":90102,"marks":90103,"value":90104,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Instead, we detected the act of an employee ",{"data":90106,"content":90107,"nodeType":889},{"uri":45412},[90108],{"data":90109,"marks":90110,"value":90112,"nodeType":865},{},[90111],{"type":943},"attempting to put their Microsoft password into a website that wasn’t Microsoft",{"data":90114,"marks":90115,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90117,"content":90118,"nodeType":866},{},[90119],{"data":90120,"marks":90121,"value":90122,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The TTP for phishing is effectively “trick someone into putting their valid credentials into the wrong site” – so detecting that behavior directly (the action of entering a legit password into the wrong site) can be a lot simpler and more effective than playing the cat-and-mouse detection → detection-evasion game.",{"data":90124,"content":90125,"nodeType":866},{},[90126],{"data":90127,"marks":90128,"value":90129,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Having said that, if you’re interested, here are the domain IOCs for this campaign:",{"data":90131,"content":90132,"nodeType":866},{},[90133],{"data":90134,"marks":90135,"value":90137,"nodeType":865},{},[90136],{"type":13768},"226028cc[.]502f135e3e036e726fba22d4[.]workers[.]dev\nacevoorgukmembership[.]buzz\nalerteditorroyalsocietyorgnz[.]buzz\nandymarshallsgeniuslocidigestghostiomghostio[.]buzz\nblogresponseinsperitycom[.]buzz\ncampaigneventbritecomnoreply[.]buzz\ncharityexcellencer1technologytrustnewsorg[.]buzz\nclerkenwelldesignweekcomnoreply[.]buzz\nconfirminfothetrainlinecomauto[.]buzz\nhealthestatejournalcomnoreply[.]buzz\nmentalhealthdesignandbuildcomnoreply[.]buzz\nnoreplynotificationswhoopcom[.]buzz\nstepexhibitionscomeventsupport[.]buzz\ntheathletice1theathleticcom[.]buzz\nthekakahoonssubstackcom[.]buzz","How AitM phishing kits evade detection","Taking a closer look at the steps that AitM phishing kits take to hide from the prying eyes of security teams and threat intelligence vendors.","2024-07-23T00:00:00.000Z","how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection",{"items":90143},[90144,90146],{"sys":90145,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":90147,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"items":90149},[90150],{"fullName":22471,"firstName":22472,"jobTitle":22473,"profilePicture":90151},{"url":22475},{"__typename":1429,"sys":90153,"content":90155,"title":90645,"synopsis":90646,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":90647,"slug":90648,"tagsCollection":90649,"authorsCollection":90657},{"id":90154},"6Uvqu6LcWzOVfA9mxtu841",{"json":90156},{"data":90157,"content":90158,"nodeType":1382},{},[90159,90165,90172,90205,90212,90232,90239,90285,90292,90299,90306,90312,90319,90406,90413,90420,90443,90450,90457,90464,90471,90478,90485,90535,90542,90548,90566,90572,90579,90586,90593,90600,90607,90614,90621,90627],{"data":90160,"content":90164,"nodeType":912},{"target":90161},{"sys":90162},{"id":90163,"type":909,"linkType":910},"2HffP4X7owzpfj41jnzXmV",[],{"data":90166,"content":90167,"nodeType":866},{},[90168],{"data":90169,"marks":90170,"value":90171,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To detect session token theft, you need three things:",{"data":90173,"content":90174,"nodeType":1616},{},[90175,90185,90195],{"data":90176,"content":90177,"nodeType":1570},{},[90178],{"data":90179,"content":90180,"nodeType":866},{},[90181],{"data":90182,"marks":90183,"value":90184,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Robust logs that provide an identifier to help tie activity to a specific session",{"data":90186,"content":90187,"nodeType":1570},{},[90188],{"data":90189,"content":90190,"nodeType":866},{},[90191],{"data":90192,"marks":90193,"value":90194,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A well-oiled SOC to correlate observed activity in those logs",{"data":90196,"content":90197,"nodeType":1570},{},[90198],{"data":90199,"content":90200,"nodeType":866},{},[90201],{"data":90202,"marks":90203,"value":90204,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And telemetry to tie those logs to a trusted endpoint",{"data":90206,"content":90207,"nodeType":866},{},[90208],{"data":90209,"marks":90210,"value":90211,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The only problem? That third thing didn’t really exist. So we created it.",{"data":90213,"content":90214,"nodeType":866},{},[90215,90219,90228],{"data":90216,"marks":90217,"value":90218,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we’ll cover how Push’s recently released ",{"data":90220,"content":90222,"nodeType":889},{"uri":90221},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10114#start",[90223],{"data":90224,"marks":90225,"value":90227,"nodeType":865},{},[90226],{"type":943},"session theft detection",{"data":90229,"marks":90230,"value":90231,"nodeType":865},{},[]," feature works, why we built it, and why the unique control point provided by a browser agent unlocks new capabilities for blue teams fighting the effects of infostealer malware and other stolen credential-based attacks.",{"data":90233,"content":90234,"nodeType":981},{},[90235],{"data":90236,"marks":90237,"value":90238,"nodeType":865},{},[],"(You probably already know) Why this matters",{"data":90240,"content":90241,"nodeType":866},{},[90242,90246,90255,90259,90268,90272,90281],{"data":90243,"marks":90244,"value":90245,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Session token theft is a ",{"data":90247,"content":90249,"nodeType":889},{"uri":90248},"https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/Session_hijacking_attack",[90250],{"data":90251,"marks":90252,"value":90254,"nodeType":865},{},[90253],{"type":943},"session hijacking",{"data":90256,"marks":90257,"value":90258,"nodeType":865},{},[]," technique where endpoint malware is used to extract sessions from an endpoint, and until recently it was ",{"data":90260,"content":90262,"nodeType":889},{"uri":90261},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/11/16/token-tactics-how-to-prevent-detect-and-respond-to-cloud-token-theft/",[90263],{"data":90264,"marks":90265,"value":90267,"nodeType":865},{},[90266],{"type":943},"relatively rare",{"data":90269,"marks":90270,"value":90271,"nodeType":865},{},[],". It’s easier to ",{"data":90273,"content":90275,"nodeType":889},{"uri":90274},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-is-credential-stuffing/",[90276],{"data":90277,"marks":90278,"value":90280,"nodeType":865},{},[90279],{"type":943},"gain access via a password",{"data":90282,"marks":90283,"value":90284,"nodeType":865},{},[]," than it is to steal a session cookie. ",{"data":90286,"content":90287,"nodeType":866},{},[90288],{"data":90289,"marks":90290,"value":90291,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But there’s an inverse relationship between session-based attacks and MFA adoption. As MFA becomes widespread, adversaries turn to new effective methods of initial entry.",{"data":90293,"content":90294,"nodeType":866},{},[90295],{"data":90296,"marks":90297,"value":90298,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An increasingly common approach involves the use of infostealer malware, which can extract saved credentials, browser cookies, cryptowallets, and other valuable data from the infected endpoint.",{"data":90300,"content":90301,"nodeType":866},{},[90302],{"data":90303,"marks":90304,"value":90305,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using stolen tokens, adversaries don’t need to bypass MFA directly. They can simply import the tokens into their browser and assume an already authorized session.",{"data":90307,"content":90311,"nodeType":912},{"target":90308},{"sys":90309},{"id":90310,"type":909,"linkType":910},"66B5MBFIhbmky7VuLGbuM3",[],{"data":90313,"content":90314,"nodeType":866},{},[90315],{"data":90316,"marks":90317,"value":90318,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A few recent stats show the scope of the problem:",{"data":90320,"content":90321,"nodeType":1616},{},[90322,90343,90365,90386],{"data":90323,"content":90324,"nodeType":1570},{},[90325],{"data":90326,"content":90327,"nodeType":866},{},[90328,90332,90340],{"data":90329,"marks":90330,"value":90331,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers. Source: ",{"data":90333,"content":90334,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88589},[90335],{"data":90336,"marks":90337,"value":90339,"nodeType":865},{},[90338],{"type":943},"2024 Sophos Threat Report",{"data":90341,"marks":90342,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90344,"content":90345,"nodeType":1570},{},[90346],{"data":90347,"content":90348,"nodeType":866},{},[90349,90353,90362],{"data":90350,"marks":90351,"value":90352,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Information-stealing malware accounted for nearly 10 percent of activity that Red Canary was able to associate with named threats last year. They also found a rise in stealer malware targeting macOS compared to previous years. Source: ",{"data":90354,"content":90356,"nodeType":889},{"uri":90355},"https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/trends/info-stealers/",[90357],{"data":90358,"marks":90359,"value":90361,"nodeType":865},{},[90360],{"type":943},"2024 Red Canary Threat Detection Report",{"data":90363,"marks":90364,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90366,"content":90367,"nodeType":1570},{},[90368],{"data":90369,"content":90370,"nodeType":866},{},[90371,90375,90383],{"data":90372,"marks":90373,"value":90374,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen credentials continued to rank as the top initial access method for breaches analyzed by Verizon. Source: ",{"data":90376,"content":90377,"nodeType":889},{"uri":1063},[90378],{"data":90379,"marks":90380,"value":90382,"nodeType":865},{},[90381],{"type":943},"2024 Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":90384,"marks":90385,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90387,"content":90388,"nodeType":1570},{},[90389],{"data":90390,"content":90391,"nodeType":866},{},[90392,90396,90403],{"data":90393,"marks":90394,"value":90395,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The number of token replay attacks is increasing, with Microsoft detecting 147,000 attacks in 2023, a 111% increase year-over-year. Source: ",{"data":90397,"content":90398,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88548},[90399],{"data":90400,"marks":90401,"value":90402,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft Blog",{"data":90404,"marks":90405,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90407,"content":90408,"nodeType":981},{},[90409],{"data":90410,"marks":90411,"value":90412,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What's missing from current defenses",{"data":90414,"content":90415,"nodeType":866},{},[90416],{"data":90417,"marks":90418,"value":90419,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When defending against infostealer malware or other forms of session and credential theft, there are a few common challenges that organizations may face:",{"data":90421,"content":90422,"nodeType":1616},{},[90423,90433],{"data":90424,"content":90425,"nodeType":1570},{},[90426],{"data":90427,"content":90428,"nodeType":866},{},[90429],{"data":90430,"marks":90431,"value":90432,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Their endpoint security tooling doesn’t provide complete coverage across their device fleet, though they thought it did.",{"data":90434,"content":90435,"nodeType":1570},{},[90436],{"data":90437,"content":90438,"nodeType":866},{},[90439],{"data":90440,"marks":90441,"value":90442,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The malware is good enough to evade EDR detection, or it was able to execute and exfiltrate sessions or other data before it was stopped.",{"data":90444,"content":90445,"nodeType":866},{},[90446],{"data":90447,"marks":90448,"value":90449,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Existing approaches to detecting stolen sessions also pose a noisy problem. Relying on IP-based or geolocation-based signals can result in frequent false positives. (And not all identity provider logs include a session identifier that you can use to perform correlations in the first place.)",{"data":90451,"content":90452,"nodeType":866},{},[90453],{"data":90454,"marks":90455,"value":90456,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The missing piece is a trusted signal for legitimate sessions that you can use to correlate with other data in order to identify unexpected activity that indicates a compromised identity and device.",{"data":90458,"content":90459,"nodeType":981},{},[90460],{"data":90461,"marks":90462,"value":90463,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Generating unique telemetry via the browser",{"data":90465,"content":90466,"nodeType":866},{},[90467],{"data":90468,"marks":90469,"value":90470,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s solution to detecting stolen sessions falls into the category of “so simple, why didn’t this already exist?”",{"data":90472,"content":90473,"nodeType":866},{},[90474],{"data":90475,"marks":90476,"value":90477,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The answer: Because you need to be in the browser to do it. The Push browser agent sits in a unique position that we can leverage to provide telemetry that otherwise would be extremely difficult to create.",{"data":90479,"content":90480,"nodeType":866},{},[90481],{"data":90482,"marks":90483,"value":90484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here’s how it works:",{"data":90486,"content":90487,"nodeType":1616},{},[90488,90498,90508],{"data":90489,"content":90490,"nodeType":1570},{},[90491],{"data":90492,"content":90493,"nodeType":866},{},[90494],{"data":90495,"marks":90496,"value":90497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Via the Push browser agent, Push injects a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push.",{"data":90499,"content":90500,"nodeType":1570},{},[90501],{"data":90502,"content":90503,"nodeType":866},{},[90504],{"data":90505,"marks":90506,"value":90507,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Administrators then add the list of domains where they wish to inject the marker into sessions, such as an identity provider like Okta or Microsoft.",{"data":90509,"content":90510,"nodeType":1570},{},[90511],{"data":90512,"content":90513,"nodeType":866},{},[90514,90518,90522,90526,90531],{"data":90515,"marks":90516,"value":90517,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both ",{"data":90519,"marks":90520,"value":66566,"nodeType":865},{},[90521],{"type":898},{"data":90523,"marks":90524,"value":90525,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the Push marker and that ",{"data":90527,"marks":90528,"value":90530,"nodeType":865},{},[90529],{"type":898},"lacks",{"data":90532,"marks":90533,"value":90534,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":90536,"content":90537,"nodeType":866},{},[90538],{"data":90539,"marks":90540,"value":90541,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is in use.",{"data":90543,"content":90547,"nodeType":912},{"target":90544},{"sys":90545},{"id":90546,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3zQamWSaZFIbMUhQZtM2II",[],{"data":90549,"content":90550,"nodeType":866},{},[90551,90555,90563],{"data":90552,"marks":90553,"value":90554,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about configuring this feature in our ",{"data":90556,"content":90557,"nodeType":889},{"uri":90221},[90558],{"data":90559,"marks":90560,"value":90562,"nodeType":865},{},[90561],{"type":943},"Help Center",{"data":90564,"marks":90565,"value":1615,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90567,"content":90571,"nodeType":912},{"target":90568},{"sys":90569},{"id":90570,"type":909,"linkType":910},"35dpGqNY6cTM0fSQRflLiO",[],{"data":90573,"content":90574,"nodeType":981},{},[90575],{"data":90576,"marks":90577,"value":90578,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unlocking new capabilities for blue teams",{"data":90580,"content":90581,"nodeType":866},{},[90582],{"data":90583,"marks":90584,"value":90585,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we’ve said before, we see browser telemetry and browser-based controls as the missing piece in security strategies to stop identity attacks — particularly for modern organizations with complex identity ecosystems that span IdPs, SaaS apps, OAuth-connected apps, and more.",{"data":90587,"content":90588,"nodeType":866},{},[90589],{"data":90590,"marks":90591,"value":90592,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where the browser agent approach particularly shines is that it’s application-agnostic. ",{"data":90594,"content":90595,"nodeType":866},{},[90596],{"data":90597,"marks":90598,"value":90599,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As long as the app you want to monitor provides robust logs, you can inject the Push-supplied marker into any session on any app. ",{"data":90601,"content":90602,"nodeType":866},{},[90603],{"data":90604,"marks":90605,"value":90606,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This allows you to detect suspicious activity even on internal corporate assets, such as an intranet. ",{"data":90608,"content":90609,"nodeType":866},{},[90610],{"data":90611,"marks":90612,"value":90613,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A tidy side effect is that you can also use this feature to identify unmanaged devices accessing sensitive corporate internal resources because they will lack the Push browser agent-supplied marker.",{"data":90615,"content":90616,"nodeType":866},{},[90617],{"data":90618,"marks":90619,"value":90620,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are probably a few other creative use cases for this feature, so we look forward to seeing what you come up with!",{"data":90622,"content":90623,"nodeType":981},{},[90624],{"data":90625,"marks":90626,"value":67481,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90628,"content":90629,"nodeType":866},{},[90630,90634,90641],{"data":90631,"marks":90632,"value":90633,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To see Push in action, ",{"data":90635,"content":90636,"nodeType":889},{"uri":7187},[90637],{"data":90638,"marks":90639,"value":16549,"nodeType":865},{},[90640],{"type":943},{"data":90642,"marks":90643,"value":90644,"nodeType":865},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO, and how we detect vulnerable identities and stop identity attacks with browser-based controls.","Introducing session token theft detection: Why browser is best","Push's browser agent identifies session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string to create a new high-fidelity signal for your security team.","2024-06-25T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-session-token-theft-detection-why-browser-is-best",{"items":90650},[90651,90653],{"sys":90652,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"sys":90654,"name":90656},{"id":90655},"5jk0kqjSdSK2L0YiistQjY","Release notes",{"items":90658},[90659],{"fullName":4680,"firstName":4681,"jobTitle":4616,"profilePicture":90660},{"url":4683},{"__typename":1429,"sys":90662,"content":90664,"title":91482,"synopsis":91483,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":91484,"slug":91485,"tagsCollection":91486,"authorsCollection":91492},{"id":90663},"174u87EYeKMKHzYYxBLlHO",{"json":90665},{"data":90666,"content":90667,"nodeType":1382},{},[90668,90675,90682,90689,90719,90726,90733,90750,90757,90764,90782,90789,90796,90803,90809,90816,90859,90866,90873,90880,90903,90910,90917,90924,90972,90979,90986,90993,91000,91012,91019,91027,91034,91067,91074,91081,91088,91095,91157,91165,91172,91179,91213,91220,91228,91235,91242,91254,91270,91299,91317,91324,91341,91348,91355,91373,91380,91387,91394,91427,91434,91453,91470,91476],{"data":90669,"content":90670,"nodeType":866},{},[90671],{"data":90672,"marks":90673,"value":90674,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity attacks like phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking are now the leading cause of cyber security breaches, as attackers shift their attention to the sprawl of third-party applications and services that has become the backbone of business IT. ",{"data":90676,"content":90677,"nodeType":866},{},[90678],{"data":90679,"marks":90680,"value":90681,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker’s goal in these attacks is account takeover: logging into a user account to access your company app tenant. From there, the attacker can usually achieve all of their objectives from inside the compromised app, usually involving dumping sensitive data with which to hold the company to ransom, or selling the data on underground criminal marketplaces. ",{"data":90683,"content":90684,"nodeType":866},{},[90685],{"data":90686,"marks":90687,"value":90688,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These attack techniques have been commonplace for over a decade — but the shift in attack context away from attacking endpoints (user devices and servers) to cloud services is seeing something of an identity attack renaissance. ",{"data":90690,"content":90691,"nodeType":866},{},[90692,90695,90702,90706,90715],{"data":90693,"marks":90694,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90696,"content":90697,"nodeType":889},{"uri":37262},[90698],{"data":90699,"marks":90700,"value":395,"nodeType":865},{},[90701],{"type":943},{"data":90703,"marks":90704,"value":90705,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are one of the leading factors in successful ",{"data":90707,"content":90709,"nodeType":889},{"uri":90708},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/credential_stuffing/description.md",[90710],{"data":90711,"marks":90712,"value":90714,"nodeType":865},{},[90713],{"type":943},"credential stuffing",{"data":90716,"marks":90717,"value":90718,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks driving account takeover.",{"data":90720,"content":90721,"nodeType":981},{},[90722],{"data":90723,"marks":90724,"value":90725,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins 101",{"data":90727,"content":90728,"nodeType":866},{},[90729],{"data":90730,"marks":90731,"value":90732,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Simply put, ghost logins are often-forgotten alternative login methods that are tricky for security teams to manage and secure — because they don’t know about them. Because of this, they’re likely to possess weak configurations that make them susceptible to account takeover attacks. ",{"data":90734,"content":90735,"nodeType":866},{},[90736,90740,90747],{"data":90737,"marks":90738,"value":90739,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We found that ",{"data":90741,"content":90742,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25244},[90743],{"data":90744,"marks":90745,"value":90746,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ghost logins are present in ~10% of the accounts per organization",{"data":90748,"marks":90749,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":90751,"content":90752,"nodeType":1317},{},[90753],{"data":90754,"marks":90755,"value":90756,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Why do ghost logins exist?",{"data":90758,"content":90759,"nodeType":866},{},[90760],{"data":90761,"marks":90762,"value":90763,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity management used to be something that was centrally contained and managed using an enterprise identity service like Active Directory. Most users probably only had one or two identities that you really cared about: the one they used to log into their company laptop and domain, and maybe also to log into a VPN. ",{"data":90765,"content":90766,"nodeType":866},{},[90767,90771,90778],{"data":90768,"marks":90769,"value":90770,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now, there are ",{"data":90772,"content":90773,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25244},[90774],{"data":90775,"marks":90776,"value":90777,"nodeType":865},{},[],"200+ business apps in use per company, creating 1000s of sprawled identities",{"data":90779,"marks":90780,"value":90781,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across an ecosystem of business apps and services accessed over the internet.",{"data":90783,"content":90784,"nodeType":866},{},[90785],{"data":90786,"marks":90787,"value":90788,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most businesses have tried to solve this problem with single sign on (SSO). The logic being that if you can use a single set of credentials (and therefore, a single identity) to access all of your business apps, and then secure those credentials with MFA, then this problem goes away. However…",{"data":90790,"content":90791,"nodeType":1317},{},[90792],{"data":90793,"marks":90794,"value":90795,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SSO expectations versus reality",{"data":90797,"content":90798,"nodeType":866},{},[90799],{"data":90800,"marks":90801,"value":90802,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unfortunately, the reality of SSO implementation is flawed. Most apps accept multiple login methods that can be configured — and used — simultaneously (yes, most apps don’t have proper session controls).  ",{"data":90804,"content":90808,"nodeType":912},{"target":90805},{"sys":90806},{"id":90807,"type":909,"linkType":910},"3sOz3HkiyJpY9nFtGCWEOV",[],{"data":90810,"content":90811,"nodeType":866},{},[90812],{"data":90813,"marks":90814,"value":90815,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is made worse by the fact that:",{"data":90817,"content":90818,"nodeType":1616},{},[90819,90829,90839,90849],{"data":90820,"content":90821,"nodeType":1570},{},[90822],{"data":90823,"content":90824,"nodeType":866},{},[90825],{"data":90826,"marks":90827,"value":90828,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most apps can't be locked down to restrict which login methods are accepted.",{"data":90830,"content":90831,"nodeType":1570},{},[90832],{"data":90833,"content":90834,"nodeType":866},{},[90835],{"data":90836,"marks":90837,"value":90838,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Users often self-adopt apps, and default to a username and password (and typically miss out MFA). ",{"data":90840,"content":90841,"nodeType":1570},{},[90842],{"data":90843,"content":90844,"nodeType":866},{},[90845],{"data":90846,"marks":90847,"value":90848,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SSO isn’t always possible if you aren’t using a supported IdP — and only one in three apps support SAML, the preferred enterprise-grade protocol.",{"data":90850,"content":90851,"nodeType":1570},{},[90852],{"data":90853,"content":90854,"nodeType":866},{},[90855],{"data":90856,"marks":90857,"value":90858,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even where SSO is possible, configuring an app for SSO doesn't automatically delete any legacy local logins.",{"data":90860,"content":90861,"nodeType":866},{},[90862],{"data":90863,"marks":90864,"value":90865,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Inevitably, this means that there are many situations in which users will create local accounts — typically with a username and password, and without MFA. This is how ghost logins are born.",{"data":90867,"content":90868,"nodeType":1317},{},[90869],{"data":90870,"marks":90871,"value":90872,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How are ghost logins created? ",{"data":90874,"content":90875,"nodeType":866},{},[90876],{"data":90877,"marks":90878,"value":90879,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins can be created in the following ways:",{"data":90881,"content":90882,"nodeType":1616},{},[90883,90893],{"data":90884,"content":90885,"nodeType":1570},{},[90886],{"data":90887,"content":90888,"nodeType":866},{},[90889],{"data":90890,"marks":90891,"value":90892,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A user self-adopts an app, setting up an account with a local username and password. The app is later adopted companywide and brought under SSO. This creates an additional SSO login method, likely as the default, but the local login will continue to exist unless explicitly disabled or deleted. ",{"data":90894,"content":90895,"nodeType":1570},{},[90896],{"data":90897,"content":90898,"nodeType":866},{},[90899],{"data":90900,"marks":90901,"value":90902,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Secondary/backup login methods can often be added later in the app settings after logging in. This includes things like setting up a secondary email to send a login link to, or setting up API access to remove the need to authenticate altogether. ",{"data":90904,"content":90905,"nodeType":866},{},[90906],{"data":90907,"marks":90908,"value":90909,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, ghost logins are very easily introduced through the normal course of app adoption and use by employees. ",{"data":90911,"content":90912,"nodeType":1317},{},[90913],{"data":90914,"marks":90915,"value":90916,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Why do ghost logins pose a risk? ",{"data":90918,"content":90919,"nodeType":866},{},[90920],{"data":90921,"marks":90922,"value":90923,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins pose a risk for a number of reasons, as they: ",{"data":90925,"content":90926,"nodeType":1616},{},[90927,90942,90957],{"data":90928,"content":90929,"nodeType":1570},{},[90930],{"data":90931,"content":90932,"nodeType":866},{},[90933,90938],{"data":90934,"marks":90935,"value":90937,"nodeType":865},{},[90936],{"type":926},"Typically have less secure configurations ",{"data":90939,"marks":90940,"value":90941,"nodeType":865},{},[],"than your preferred login method – and may be missing key controls like MFA.  ",{"data":90943,"content":90944,"nodeType":1570},{},[90945],{"data":90946,"content":90947,"nodeType":866},{},[90948,90953],{"data":90949,"marks":90950,"value":90952,"nodeType":865},{},[90951],{"type":926},"Are effectively shadow logins",{"data":90954,"marks":90955,"value":90956,"nodeType":865},{},[]," – IT/security don’t know about them, and if using an IdP as your primary identity security interface, they won’t necessarily be visible without taking a deeper look at individual apps. ",{"data":90958,"content":90959,"nodeType":1570},{},[90960],{"data":90961,"content":90962,"nodeType":866},{},[90963,90968],{"data":90964,"marks":90965,"value":90967,"nodeType":865},{},[90966],{"type":926},"Can be used simultaneously with SSO",{"data":90969,"marks":90970,"value":90971,"nodeType":865},{},[]," – so you can have an unrestricted number of concurrent sessions with SSO and non SSO logins active at the same time, without the user being kicked out of the previous session.",{"data":90973,"content":90974,"nodeType":866},{},[90975],{"data":90976,"marks":90977,"value":90978,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins provide opportunities for attackers to bypass security controls for initial access and persistence in an application (which we’ll come onto in more detail later). They also provide an opportunity for malicious insiders, e.g. a disgruntled employee, to access systems even after SSO access is revoked. If the security team relies on IdP logs to audit app logins, these accounts can go undetected.",{"data":90980,"content":90981,"nodeType":866},{},[90982],{"data":90983,"marks":90984,"value":90985,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To be able to identify them, you’d need to log into the app admin dashboard. But depending on how the app was adopted, you (as a security admin) may not even be an app-level admin — it’s not unusual for individual teams to administer their own apps. And even if you do have access, it’s not always easy (or possible) to gather this level of information about user account configuration. ",{"data":90987,"content":90988,"nodeType":866},{},[90989],{"data":90990,"marks":90991,"value":90992,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s very easy to see how these vulnerable login methods can be overlooked by security teams – let’s look at how they can be identified and exploited by attackers. ",{"data":90994,"content":90995,"nodeType":981},{},[90996],{"data":90997,"marks":90998,"value":90999,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How can ghost logins be exploited by attackers?",{"data":91001,"content":91002,"nodeType":866},{},[91003,91008],{"data":91004,"marks":91005,"value":91007,"nodeType":865},{},[91006],{"type":926},"Let’s take an example scenario:",{"data":91009,"marks":91010,"value":91011,"nodeType":865},{},[]," You’re using an IdP solution like Okta or Microsoft/Entra with SAML SSO as the default login method for your core business apps. Via your IdP you require MFA when authenticating to your IdP apps page, and also potentially when signing into an individual connected app. ",{"data":91013,"content":91014,"nodeType":866},{},[91015],{"data":91016,"marks":91017,"value":91018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, you only recently introduced your IdP solution, and your users previously accessed this app with a local username and password. Although you asked your users to configure MFA in the app itself, not all of them did. And when you deployed your IdP solution, you didn’t manually unset all the local password-based logins for the apps you connected to it. ",{"data":91020,"content":91021,"nodeType":866},{},[91022],{"data":91023,"marks":91024,"value":91026,"nodeType":865},{},[91025],{"type":926},"Unknown to you, there are now hundreds of local accounts for core business apps which lack MFA. ",{"data":91028,"content":91029,"nodeType":866},{},[91030],{"data":91031,"marks":91032,"value":91033,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are two main scenarios in which ghost logins can be utilized by an attacker:",{"data":91035,"content":91036,"nodeType":1616},{},[91037,91052],{"data":91038,"content":91039,"nodeType":1570},{},[91040],{"data":91041,"content":91042,"nodeType":866},{},[91043,91048],{"data":91044,"marks":91045,"value":91047,"nodeType":865},{},[91046],{"type":926},"To bypass robustly configured login methods",{"data":91049,"marks":91050,"value":91051,"nodeType":865},{},[]," such as SSO to compromise an app identity during the initial access phase of an attack. ",{"data":91053,"content":91054,"nodeType":1570},{},[91055],{"data":91056,"content":91057,"nodeType":866},{},[91058,91063],{"data":91059,"marks":91060,"value":91062,"nodeType":865},{},[91061],{"type":926},"To create additional login methods for an already compromised account to ensure persistent access",{"data":91064,"marks":91065,"value":91066,"nodeType":865},{},[]," – even if the original compromised login method is revoked or disabled. This could be either the result of compromising an identity belonging to a specific app, or having previously compromised an IdP account (e.g. Okta).",{"data":91068,"content":91069,"nodeType":866},{},[91070],{"data":91071,"marks":91072,"value":91073,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let's look at these use cases in more detail. ",{"data":91075,"content":91076,"nodeType":1317},{},[91077],{"data":91078,"marks":91079,"value":91080,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins for initial access",{"data":91082,"content":91083,"nodeType":866},{},[91084],{"data":91085,"marks":91086,"value":91087,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Arguably the most dangerous use case for ghost logins is to conduct credential attacks against accounts using a username and password. Logins with a weak or guessable password, or a reused password that has appeared in a public data breach dump, are primed for account takeover. ",{"data":91089,"content":91090,"nodeType":866},{},[91091],{"data":91092,"marks":91093,"value":91094,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The cyber crime ecosystem is leaning toward the theft, sale, and use of stolen credentials (not just emails and passwords, but session tokens too). ",{"data":91096,"content":91097,"nodeType":1616},{},[91098,91119,91138],{"data":91099,"content":91100,"nodeType":1570},{},[91101],{"data":91102,"content":91103,"nodeType":866},{},[91104,91108,91116],{"data":91105,"marks":91106,"value":91107,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are 600 million identity attacks per day, with 99% involving passwords (",{"data":91109,"content":91111,"nodeType":889},{"uri":91110},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft%20Digital%20Defense%20Report%202024%20%281%29.pdf",[91112],{"data":91113,"marks":91114,"value":19700,"nodeType":865},{},[91115],{"type":943},{"data":91117,"marks":91118,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91120,"content":91121,"nodeType":1570},{},[91122],{"data":91123,"content":91124,"nodeType":866},{},[91125,91128,91135],{"data":91126,"marks":91127,"value":88566,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91129,"content":91130,"nodeType":889},{"uri":4147},[91131],{"data":91132,"marks":91133,"value":37723,"nodeType":865},{},[91134],{"type":943},{"data":91136,"marks":91137,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91139,"content":91140,"nodeType":1570},{},[91141],{"data":91142,"content":91143,"nodeType":866},{},[91144,91147,91154],{"data":91145,"marks":91146,"value":88501,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91148,"content":91149,"nodeType":889},{"uri":88504},[91150],{"data":91151,"marks":91152,"value":88510,"nodeType":865},{},[91153],{"type":943},{"data":91155,"marks":91156,"value":57572,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91158,"content":91159,"nodeType":866},{},[91160],{"data":91161,"marks":91162,"value":91164,"nodeType":865},{},[91163],{"type":926},"So, it’s easier than ever for attackers to gather breached credentials and weaponize them at scale. ",{"data":91166,"content":91167,"nodeType":866},{},[91168],{"data":91169,"marks":91170,"value":91171,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Realistically, any username and password combination for addresses belonging to a specific organization/domain can be attempted on any app. Breached credential data will often provide a strong indicator of other apps also in use for that organization. And for apps with a custom tenant URL (that cannot be easily guessed) data dumps often helpfully include the URLs for those login pages, too.  ",{"data":91173,"content":91174,"nodeType":866},{},[91175],{"data":91176,"marks":91177,"value":91178,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The risk posed by the massive amounts of leaked credentials available is heightened because: ",{"data":91180,"content":91181,"nodeType":1616},{},[91182,91203],{"data":91183,"content":91184,"nodeType":1570},{},[91185],{"data":91186,"content":91187,"nodeType":866},{},[91188,91192,91199],{"data":91189,"marks":91190,"value":91191,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Many employees reuse passwords, with ",{"data":91193,"content":91194,"nodeType":889},{"uri":25244},[91195],{"data":91196,"marks":91197,"value":91198,"nodeType":865},{},[],"~9% of all accounts using a breached, weak, or reused password",{"data":91200,"marks":91201,"value":91202,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This isn’t just for low-risk apps either, and includes the reuse of highly sensitive IdP creds. ",{"data":91204,"content":91205,"nodeType":1570},{},[91206],{"data":91207,"content":91208,"nodeType":866},{},[91209],{"data":91210,"marks":91211,"value":91212,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations don’t typically rotate or enforce changes to SaaS app passwords in the same way they might for company account/device login connected to Active Directory.  ",{"data":91214,"content":91215,"nodeType":866},{},[91216],{"data":91217,"marks":91218,"value":91219,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins aren’t limited to just username and password either. For example, a breached social account such as Facebook or Google can result in a broader compromise if those accounts have been connected to any corporate apps.   ",{"data":91221,"content":91222,"nodeType":866},{},[91223],{"data":91224,"marks":91225,"value":91227,"nodeType":865},{},[91226],{"type":926},"So, exploiting ghost logins can be a highly effective method for attackers to gain initial access to a user account from which to launch further attacks.  ",{"data":91229,"content":91230,"nodeType":1317},{},[91231],{"data":91232,"marks":91233,"value":91234,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins for persistence and defense evasion",{"data":91236,"content":91237,"nodeType":866},{},[91238],{"data":91239,"marks":91240,"value":91241,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now, we’ll take a look at how attackers can leverage ghost logins as part of the later stages of an attack, having already established an initial foothold via account compromise. ",{"data":91243,"content":91244,"nodeType":866},{},[91245,91249],{"data":91246,"marks":91247,"value":91248,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If an organization has a reasonable level of security monitoring in-place (depending on log availability from the particular app vendor), or a victim receives a notification about an unusual login (e.g. from a new device or unusual IP) then access to an account can be short-lived. ",{"data":91250,"marks":91251,"value":91253,"nodeType":865},{},[91252],{"type":926},"However, ghost logins can provide attackers with the tools to maintain persistent access to a compromised account, even if the initial compromised login method is disabled or revoked. ",{"data":91255,"content":91256,"nodeType":866},{},[91257,91261,91266],{"data":91258,"marks":91259,"value":91260,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For example, if a social login is used to access an account, an adversary may be able to configure a separate username/password login, or even (though much less commonly) connect a second social account that the adversary controls. This allows the adversary to maintain persistent access to the user account ",{"data":91262,"marks":91263,"value":91265,"nodeType":865},{},[91264],{"type":926},"even in the event of password changes or MFA changes",{"data":91267,"marks":91268,"value":91269,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The attack will go unnoticed if the victim organization relies on SSO logs for auditing access to SaaS applications because the attack bypasses SSO, as the login remains local to the SaaS app or, in the case of an OIDC SSO login, the adversary’s own social account.",{"data":91271,"content":91272,"nodeType":866},{},[91273,91277,91284,91288,91296],{"data":91274,"marks":91275,"value":91276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another quirk is that it’s common for ordinary users to become app-level admins when an app is self-adopted by an individual or team. If an attacker is able to gain control of such an account, it can then be used to target other users without needing to deliver phishing links by hijacking SAML-based authentication. In this scenario, users attempting to sign in using SAML SSO are directed it to an attacker-controlled tenant in a watering hole attack (also known as ",{"data":91278,"content":91279,"nodeType":889},{"uri":64575},[91280],{"data":91281,"marks":91282,"value":64581,"nodeType":865},{},[91283],{"type":943},{"data":91285,"marks":91286,"value":91287,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which you can ",{"data":91289,"content":91290,"nodeType":889},{"uri":73279},[91291],{"data":91292,"marks":91293,"value":91295,"nodeType":865},{},[91294],{"type":943},"read more about in another blog post",{"data":91297,"marks":91298,"value":31723,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91300,"content":91301,"nodeType":866},{},[91302,91306,91314],{"data":91303,"marks":91304,"value":91305,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you're curious as to how an attacker might be able to compromise an IdP account such as Okta, ",{"data":91307,"content":91308,"nodeType":889},{"uri":60090},[91309],{"data":91310,"marks":91311,"value":91313,"nodeType":865},{},[91312],{"type":943},"you should check out our blog post on AitM and BitM phishing techniques",{"data":91315,"marks":91316,"value":66828,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91318,"content":91319,"nodeType":981},{},[91320],{"data":91321,"marks":91322,"value":91323,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Case study: Snowflake",{"data":91325,"content":91326,"nodeType":866},{},[91327,91330,91337],{"data":91328,"marks":91329,"value":1449,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91331,"content":91332,"nodeType":889},{"uri":10087},[91333],{"data":91334,"marks":91335,"value":91336,"nodeType":865},{},[],"recent attacks on 165 Snowflake customers",{"data":91338,"marks":91339,"value":91340,"nodeType":865},{},[],", resulting in hundreds of millions of breached customer records, were the product of a credential stuffing campaign using stolen credentials from infostealer infections dating back to 2020. ",{"data":91342,"content":91343,"nodeType":866},{},[91344],{"data":91345,"marks":91346,"value":91347,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The industry response to Snowflake was typical: check whether Snowflake has been set up for SSO, and if so, job done — we’re protected by MFA.",{"data":91349,"content":91350,"nodeType":866},{},[91351],{"data":91352,"marks":91353,"value":91354,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The reality was that MFA was not — and could not — be centrally enforced for username and password accounts. Even if MFA was applied at the IdP level for SSO logins, it was not enforced for local username and password logins. It needed to be opted-into by the user. ",{"data":91356,"content":91357,"nodeType":866},{},[91358,91362,91370],{"data":91359,"marks":91360,"value":91361,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This meant the most logical thing to do was to disable local accounts. But because Snowflake is essentially a cloud-hosted SQL database, there was no easy-to-use GUI to access local account config data. Once you’d managed to get an admin account with the right permissions, you needed to run various commands to find and unset the accounts. ",{"data":91363,"content":91365,"nodeType":889},{"uri":91364},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/demonstrating-ghost-logins-in-snowflake-and-how-to-remediate-them/",[91366],{"data":91367,"marks":91368,"value":91369,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But if you didn’t have the exact type of admin account, misleading results would be returned — and even after you had fixed the vulnerability it took hours to update the database. ",{"data":91371,"marks":91372,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91374,"content":91375,"nodeType":866},{},[91376],{"data":91377,"marks":91378,"value":91379,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This meant that organizations were exposed to these attacks for a prolonged period, and were left uncertain as to whether they had addressed the vulnerabilities or not. ",{"data":91381,"content":91382,"nodeType":981},{},[91383],{"data":91384,"marks":91385,"value":91386,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using Push to find and fix ghost logins across your app inventory",{"data":91388,"content":91389,"nodeType":866},{},[91390],{"data":91391,"marks":91392,"value":91393,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finding and fixing ghost logins is a challenge for most organizations. Since you can’t rely on the view provided by your IdP, you need to:",{"data":91395,"content":91396,"nodeType":1616},{},[91397,91407,91417],{"data":91398,"content":91399,"nodeType":1570},{},[91400],{"data":91401,"content":91402,"nodeType":866},{},[91403],{"data":91404,"marks":91405,"value":91406,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Discover the apps in use across your organization",{"data":91408,"content":91409,"nodeType":1570},{},[91410],{"data":91411,"content":91412,"nodeType":866},{},[91413],{"data":91414,"marks":91415,"value":91416,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get admin rights, audit each app, and unset any local credentials (enforcing MFA at the app-level too if you can, for good measure)",{"data":91418,"content":91419,"nodeType":1570},{},[91420],{"data":91421,"content":91422,"nodeType":866},{},[91423],{"data":91424,"marks":91425,"value":91426,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Configure the app to prevent local accounts being created (again, if possible)",{"data":91428,"content":91429,"nodeType":866},{},[91430],{"data":91431,"marks":91432,"value":91433,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Not only is this a sisyphean task with continually moving goalposts, but depending on which apps you use, and how they’ve been designed, it may not be possible to remediate every instance of ghost logins. For that reason, it’s important to also invest in your identity threat detection and response capabilities — for when, not if, an account takeover attempt occurs. ",{"data":91435,"content":91436,"nodeType":866},{},[91437,91441,91450],{"data":91438,"marks":91439,"value":91440,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push helps organizations to defend against ghost logins and other identity threats with a defense-in-depth approach: Using a browser-based agent to generate visibility of all logins (not just via IdP logs) while also detecting, intercepting, and shutting down account takeover attempts via phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking. ",{"data":91442,"content":91444,"nodeType":889},{"uri":91443},"https://pushsecurity.com/",[91445],{"data":91446,"marks":91447,"value":91449,"nodeType":865},{},[91448],{"type":943},"Learn more here.",{"data":91451,"marks":91452,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91454,"content":91455,"nodeType":866},{},[91456,91460,91467],{"data":91457,"marks":91458,"value":91459,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And if you'd like to learn more about ghost logins and other identity attack techniques, ",{"data":91461,"content":91462,"nodeType":889},{"uri":85671},[91463],{"data":91464,"marks":91465,"value":91466,"nodeType":865},{},[],"check out the SaaS attack matrix on GitHub",{"data":91468,"marks":91469,"value":6170,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":91471,"content":91475,"nodeType":912},{"target":91472},{"sys":91473},{"id":91474,"type":909,"linkType":910},"1VMpMgZvx9hgps2OoxCTmF",[],{"data":91477,"content":91478,"nodeType":866},{},[91479],{"data":91480,"marks":91481,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins: When forgotten identities come back to haunt you","How ghost logins can be used by cyber attackers for account takeover and persistence.","2024-07-10T00:00:00.000Z","ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you",{"items":91487},[91488,91490],{"sys":91489,"name":6562},{"id":6561},{"sys":91491,"name":342},{"id":4642},{"items":91493},[91494],{"fullName":6566,"firstName":6567,"jobTitle":6568,"profilePicture":91495},{"url":6570},"what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks","blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks",{"json":91499},{"data":91500,"content":91501,"nodeType":1382},{},[91502],{"data":91503,"content":91504,"nodeType":866},{},[91505],{"data":91506,"marks":91507,"value":91508,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers seem to have become an overnight celebrity, having been previously shrugged off by enterprises with bigger fish to fry. The reality is that infostealers haven’t necessarily changed – but the world that they inhabit and how stolen data is used has.  ","What the rise in popularity of infostealers tells us about the cybercrime ecosystem and the shift toward identity attacks. 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