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Shadow AI adoption may now outpace wider shadow SaaS, and attackers are already turning AI chatbot platforms into malware delivery channels. Push has researched the offensive potential of computer-using agents and now applies AI agents to its own threat hunting. This hub covers AI as risk, target, and defensive tool.",22,{"sys":240,"faqItemsCollection":242,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45,"intro":246,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":241},"topic-ai-attacks",{"items":243},[],"AI attacks","ai-attacks","AI attacks run in both directions: attackers using AI to scale phishing, malware delivery, and identity attacks, and AI platforms themselves becoming the attack surface. 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These posts cover both the philosophy and the workflows.",101,{"sys":347,"faqItemsCollection":349,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45,"intro":353,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":354,"hasPage":19},{"id":348},"topic-detection-engineering",{"items":350},[],"Detection engineering","detection-engineering","Detection engineering turns threat research into reliable, high-fidelity detections — and as AI accelerates the churn of attacker infrastructure, indicator-based detection is collapsing in favor of technique-level approaches. Here you’ll find teardowns of AiTM kits, ClickFix pages, and malvertising campaigns, alongside Push’s own account of building an agentic threat hunting pipeline that turns hunts into shipped detections.",42,{"sys":356,"faqItemsCollection":358,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45,"intro":362,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":357},"topic-device-code-phishing",{"items":359},[],"Device code phishing","device-code-phishing","Device code phishing abuses the OAuth device authorization flow: attackers generate a legitimate sign-in code, trick the victim into entering it on the vendor’s real login page, and walk away with access tokens — no fake site or password capture required. Push research tracked a sharp spike in adoption during 2026 as attackers use the technique to sidestep standard access controls.",{"sys":364,"faqItemsCollection":366,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45,"intro":370,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":365},"topic-dlp",{"items":367},[],"DLP","dlp","Data loss prevention (DLP) is the practice of stopping sensitive data from leaving your control — a problem that has shifted from email and endpoints to the browser, where employees move data into SaaS and AI tools. Push applies controls at that point of use, from keeping corporate credentials out of personal password managers to governing what flows into unsanctioned apps.",15,{"sys":373,"faqItemsCollection":375,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45,"intro":379,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":380,"hasPage":19},{"id":374},"topic-edr",{"items":376},[],"EDR","edr","Endpoint detection and response (EDR) watches processes, files, and memory on the device — a vantage point that never sees the phishing pages, stolen sessions, and identity attacks playing out inside the browser. That’s not an EDR failure; attackers have simply moved where it can’t follow. These posts map that gap and show how Push pairs browser-level detection and response with endpoint security to close it.",24,{"sys":382,"faqItemsCollection":384,"name":386,"slug":387,"tier":45,"intro":388,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":383},"topic-enterprise-browser",{"items":385},[],"Enterprise browser","enterprise-browser","An enterprise browser is a standalone, security-hardened browser that organizations deploy in place of Chrome, Edge, or other defaults. The real buying question is whether replacing the browser beats securing the browsers employees already use — a trade-off these posts examine directly, alongside analysis of Omdia’s secure enterprise browser market report and Push’s framework for weighing full browsers against extension-based deployment.",6,{"sys":391,"faqItemsCollection":393,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45,"intro":397,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":392},"topic-ghost-logins",{"items":394},[],"Ghost logins","ghost-logins","Ghost logins are overlooked authentication routes into an account — like a password login lingering behind SSO, or a forgotten secondary auth method — that attackers exploit for account takeover and persistence. Push coined the term after research showing how these forgotten login paths let attackers sidestep the MFA and SSO controls guarding an account’s primary sign-in method.",48,{"sys":400,"faqItemsCollection":402,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45,"intro":406,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":407,"hasPage":19},{"id":401},"topic-identity-attacks",{"items":403},[],"Identity attacks","identity-attacks","Identity attacks target user accounts rather than infrastructure — phishing credentials, stealing sessions, abusing OAuth grants — because logging in is easier than hacking in. Identity-based techniques are now the leading cause of breaches. Push’s offensive research maps these techniques continuously, coining attacks like SAMLjacking and the poisoned tenant before they appeared in the wild.",56,{"sys":409,"faqItemsCollection":411,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31,"intro":415,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":416,"hasPage":19},{"id":410},"topic-identity-security",{"items":412},[],"Identity security","identity-security","Identity security is the practice of protecting workforce accounts, credentials, and sessions — the primary route attackers now use to breach organizations. Instead of hacking in, attackers log in: through phished credentials, stolen session tokens, MFA bypass, and forgotten ghost logins. Push’s research team documents these techniques continuously, from cross-IdP impersonation and SAMLjacking to analyses of major identity-driven breaches. This hub collects that research alongside practical guidance on MFA, SSO, and stopping account takeover.",154,{"sys":418,"faqItemsCollection":420,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45,"intro":424,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":425,"hasPage":19},{"id":419},"topic-infostealer",{"items":421},[],"Infostealer","infostealer","Infostealers are malware built to harvest saved passwords, cookies, and session tokens from infected devices, supplying the stolen credentials behind some of the most consequential breaches of recent years. Push traces the ecosystem trading this data and checks employee passwords against threat intel feeds, flagging verified stolen credentials before attackers can log in with them.",52,{"sys":427,"faqItemsCollection":429,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45,"intro":433,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":434,"hasPage":19},{"id":428},"topic-legitimate-service-abuse",{"items":430},[],"Legitimate service abuse","legitimate-service-abuse","Legitimate service abuse means staging attacks on trusted platforms — Google Ads, AI chatbot share pages, office.com links, Slack, SaaS tenants — so malicious content inherits the reputation of the service hosting it. Push research has documented the pattern repeatedly, from malvertising run through hijacked Google Ad Manager accounts to phishing links generated by Active Directory Federation Services.",28,{"sys":436,"faqItemsCollection":438,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45,"intro":442,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":291,"hasPage":19},{"id":437},"topic-malvertising",{"items":439},[],"Malvertising","malvertising","Malvertising uses paid search and display ads to put phishing pages and malware in front of users, often by impersonating trusted brands at the top of Google results. Push tracks these campaigns continuously — intercepting live attacks spoofing well-known brands — and has documented how criminals hijack Google Ads accounts to fund and run them.",{"sys":444,"faqItemsCollection":446,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45,"intro":450,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":445},"topic-malware-delivery",{"items":447},[],"Malware delivery","malware-delivery","Malware delivery has moved into the browser: rather than email attachments, attackers now rely on malvertising, fake install guides, and ClickFix-style copy-paste lures to get code running on endpoints. Push research on techniques like InstallFix maps the playbook, and in-browser detection of malicious copy and paste blocks these attacks before commands reach the endpoint.",13,{"sys":453,"faqItemsCollection":455,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45,"intro":459,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":460,"hasPage":19},{"id":454},"topic-mfa",{"items":456},[],"MFA","mfa","Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires a second proof of identity beyond a password, and it remains one of the most effective controls against account takeover. Regulators from Cyber Essentials to NYDFS now mandate it across cloud services. Push enforces MFA in the browser on third-party apps — even those with no native enforcement option — and shows security teams where coverage gaps remain.",83,{"sys":462,"faqItemsCollection":464,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45,"intro":468,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":469,"hasPage":19},{"id":463},"topic-mfa-bypass",{"items":465},[],"MFA bypass","mfa-bypass","MFA bypass covers the techniques attackers use to defeat multi-factor authentication — AiTM phishing kits, consent phishing, device code phishing, and MFA downgrade attacks among them. None of these break the second factor; they route around it. Push researchers regularly get hands-on with phishing kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA, analyzing how these attacks work in the wild and how they evolve.",58,{"sys":471,"faqItemsCollection":473,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45,"intro":477,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":478,"hasPage":19},{"id":472},"topic-non-email-phishing",{"items":474},[],"Non-email phishing","non-email-phishing","Non-email phishing delivers malicious links through channels your secure email gateway never sees — social media messages, IM apps like Slack and Teams, search ads, and SMS. Push has intercepted live campaigns arriving via LinkedIn DMs, malvertising, and messaging platforms, which is why it detects phishing pages in the browser at the point of click, regardless of delivery channel.",51,{"sys":480,"faqItemsCollection":482,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45,"intro":486,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":487,"hasPage":19},{"id":481},"topic-oauth-abuse",{"items":483},[],"OAuth abuse","oauth-abuse","OAuth abuse is attackers exploiting app-to-app authorization — consent phishing, malicious OAuth apps, stolen tokens, and device code flows — to gain persistent access to cloud tenants without touching a password or MFA prompt. Push tracks these techniques continuously and discovered ConsentFix, a browser-native attack in the wild that pairs OAuth consent phishing with a ClickFix-style prompt.",70,{"sys":489,"faqItemsCollection":491,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45,"intro":495,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":496,"hasPage":19},{"id":490},"topic-passkeys",{"items":492},[],"Passkeys","passkeys","Passkeys are phishing-resistant credentials that replace passwords with cryptographic key pairs bound to a user’s device. They defeat conventional credential phishing, but attackers adapt: Push research has documented MFA downgrade, app-specific password phishing, and device code phishing being used in the wild to route around passkey-protected accounts. Deploying passkeys is step one; closing those fallback paths is step two.",21,{"sys":498,"faqItemsCollection":500,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45,"intro":504,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":505,"hasPage":19},{"id":499},"topic-password-security",{"items":501},[],"Password security","password-security","Password security is the practice of keeping workforce credentials strong, unique, and out of attackers’ hands — still a frontline defense while most SaaS logins depend on passwords. Expiration policies don’t fix weak or reused passwords; visibility does. Push observes real logins in the browser to flag weak, reused, and breached passwords and guide employees to reset them on any app.",79,{"sys":507,"faqItemsCollection":509,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45,"intro":513,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":318,"hasPage":19},{"id":508},"topic-phaas",{"items":510},[],"PhaaS","phaas","Phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) platforms sell ready-made phishing kits, hosted infrastructure, and management panels on subscription, letting low-skill criminals run MFA-bypassing campaigns at scale. Kits like Evilginx, Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, and EvilTokens each add their own evasion and session-theft capabilities, and new entrants appear regularly. Push researchers continuously get hands-on with these tools — investigating attacks in the wild, reverse-engineering kit behavior, and turning that research into detections.",{"sys":515,"faqItemsCollection":517,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31,"intro":521,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":522,"hasPage":19},{"id":516},"topic-phishing",{"items":518},[],"Phishing","phishing","Phishing remains the most common way attackers compromise business accounts — and it has moved far beyond suspicious emails. Modern campaigns use AiTM toolkits that bypass MFA, consent phishing against OAuth, device code phishing, and lures delivered through malvertising, LinkedIn, and Slack. Push detects and blocks these attacks in the browser, and its researchers publish teardowns of live campaigns and kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA. Read on for how phishing actually works today and what stops it.",91,{"sys":524,"faqItemsCollection":526,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45,"intro":530,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":531,"hasPage":19},{"id":525},"topic-public-breach",{"items":527},[],"Public breach","public-breach","Public breaches are the disclosed incidents that show how attacks actually unfold once the headlines fade. Push’s breach analyses keep finding identity at the entry point: stolen credentials, OAuth abuse, and missing MFA recur across the incidents analyzed here.",29,{"sys":533,"faqItemsCollection":535,"name":537,"slug":538,"tier":45,"intro":539,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":534},"topic-ransomware",{"items":536},[],"Ransomware","ransomware","Ransomware attacks increasingly begin with an identity, not an exploit: stolen credentials, MFA bypass, and help desk scams give operators their initial foothold. The analysis here follows that front end of the kill chain — how identity compromise leads to ransomware deployment, and the breaches driving regulators toward tighter MFA requirements.",{"sys":541,"faqItemsCollection":543,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31,"intro":547,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":548,"hasPage":19},{"id":542},"topic-saas-security",{"items":544},[],"SaaS security","saas-security","SaaS security means protecting the sprawl of cloud apps, accounts, and integrations your employees adopt — often without IT ever knowing. Shadow SaaS, risky OAuth grants, ghost logins, and unmanaged third-party access create attack paths traditional controls can’t see, as recent high-profile breaches have demonstrated. Building on the original SaaS attack matrix, Push continues to map SaaS-native attack techniques alongside practical guides for discovering and securing unsanctioned apps, and this hub gathers all of it.",96,{"sys":550,"faqItemsCollection":552,"name":554,"slug":555,"tier":45,"intro":556,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":551},"topic-security-training",{"items":553},[],"Security training","security-training","Security training aims to teach employees to recognize and avoid attacks — yet modern phishing routinely fools even seasoned security professionals. Push argues that training budgets work harder as real-time, in-browser intervention: guardrails and warnings at the moment of risk, rather than lessons employees must recall under pressure.",4,{"sys":559,"faqItemsCollection":561,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45,"intro":565,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":560},"topic-seo-poisoning",{"items":562},[],"SEO poisoning","seo-poisoning","SEO poisoning manipulates search engine results so malicious pages rank prominently for the software, tools, or services users are actively searching for, turning a routine search into an infection vector. It often pairs with malvertising and ClickFix-style payloads — Push has documented attackers abusing shared pages on legitimate AI chatbot domains to deliver malware from trusted infrastructure.",{"sys":567,"faqItemsCollection":569,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45,"intro":573,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":574,"hasPage":19},{"id":568},"topic-session-hijacking",{"items":570},[],"Session hijacking","session-hijacking","Session hijacking is the theft of an authenticated session — usually via stolen session cookies or tokens — letting attackers walk past passwords and MFA into a live account. AiTM phishing kits and infostealers have made it a mainstream attack technique across both criminal and targeted intrusions. Push’s browser agent detects session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string, creating a high-fidelity signal for security teams.",74,{"sys":576,"faqItemsCollection":578,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45,"intro":582,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":583,"hasPage":19},{"id":577},"topic-shadow-ai",{"items":579},[],"Shadow AI","shadow-ai","Shadow AI is employees’ unsanctioned use of AI tools at work, putting corporate data into chatbots and assistants that security teams never approved and can’t see. Push’s own browser telemetry shows AI adoption acting as a force multiplier for shadow IT — potentially now outscaling shadow SaaS — and this hub tracks that research, real-world breach examples, and practical controls.",20,{"sys":585,"faqItemsCollection":587,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45,"intro":591,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":592,"hasPage":19},{"id":586},"topic-shadow-saas",{"items":588},[],"Shadow SaaS","shadow-saas","Shadow SaaS is the cloud applications employees adopt for work without IT approval, each one creating unmanaged accounts, identities, and data outside your security controls. Push covers the problem end to end — from browser-based SaaS discovery to in-browser app banners and MFA enforcement — alongside breach analyses that show where unmanaged accounts lead.",75,{"sys":594,"faqItemsCollection":596,"name":598,"slug":599,"tier":45,"intro":600,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":601,"hasPage":19},{"id":595},"topic-siem",{"items":597},[],"SIEM","siem","A SIEM is only as good as the telemetry feeding it, and most log sources never see what happens inside the browser — where phishing, session token theft, and account takeover actually play out. Push streams browser-level detections and identity telemetry into SIEMs, and these posts show how that data improves detection fidelity and cuts alert fatigue.",19,{"sys":603,"faqItemsCollection":605,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45,"intro":609,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":610,"hasPage":19},{"id":604},"topic-social-engineering",{"items":606},[],"Social engineering","social-engineering","Social engineering is the manipulation of people — through phishing pages, help desk impersonation, vishing calls, and poisoned tenant invites — into handing over access that no exploit could take. Coverage here tracks how threat actors run these plays — drawing on Push’s ongoing investigation of live phishing infrastructure and criminal tooling.",59,{"sys":612,"faqItemsCollection":614,"name":616,"slug":617,"tier":31,"intro":618,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":613},"topic-supply-chain-security",{"items":615},[],"Supply chain security","supply-chain-security","Supply chain security extends beyond your own perimeter to the vendors, platforms, and browser extensions your organization depends on. A compromised third party can hand attackers legitimate access — as recent campaigns against SaaS providers have shown. Push’s research examines the browser-extension supply chain in particular: why extension risk scores fail to predict compromise, and how developers can harden extensions against takeover. These posts frame supply chain risk through a browser and identity lens.",{"sys":620,"faqItemsCollection":622,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45,"intro":626,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":627,"hasPage":19},{"id":621},"topic-swg",{"items":623},[],"SWG","swg","A secure web gateway (SWG) filters and inspects web traffic in transit, sitting in the network path between users and the internet. That position shows you the packet but not the session: Push’s research on AitM phishing kits documents how attackers break the signatures proxies rely on, and these posts explain why phishing detection is moving from the network path into the browser itself.",17,{"sys":629,"faqItemsCollection":631,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45,"intro":635,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":636,"hasPage":19},{"id":630},"topic-third-party-risk",{"items":632},[],"Third-party risk","third-party-risk","Third-party risk is the exposure your organization inherits from vendors, SaaS providers, and integrations that hold your data or access your tenants — a chain now extended one employee sign-up at a time. This hub collects Push’s breach analyses and guides for assessing OAuth integrations, managing browser extensions, and responding when a supplier is compromised.",44,{"sys":638,"faqItemsCollection":640,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31,"intro":644,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":639},"topic-threat-landscape",{"items":641},[],"Threat landscape","threat-landscape","The enterprise threat landscape is now defined by identity attacks: criminals log in with phished, stolen, or stuffed credentials rather than breaking infrastructure. Threat actors keep proving how effective help desk scams, MFA bypass, and session theft are against well-defended organizations. Drawing on breach analyses, annual phishing trend reviews, and in-the-wild campaign tracking, Push documents how attacker TTPs are shifting. This hub is where to follow those changes.",{"sys":646,"faqItemsCollection":648,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45,"intro":652,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":647},"topic-vishing",{"items":649},[],"Vishing","vishing","Vishing — voice phishing — uses phone calls to impersonate IT support, help desks, or employees, talking targets into password resets, MFA approvals, or opening attacker-controlled pages. Threat actors now routinely pair calls with AiTM phishing to hijack SSO accounts, a chain Push has analyzed across campaigns targeting hundreds of organizations.",{},"blogtopics","w0ITersBlkytyrxHNkTEFmGsSW5X9NfdbmeXV1u8bAo",[657,661,665,669,673],{"title":658,"logo":659,"createdDate":660},"SOC2","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fb6727a5e00004d6e9e69fc3068b8b64c",1784291539953,{"title":662,"logo":663,"createdDate":664},"GDPR","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Ffe49f53211674deaa5a6640d929cdf42?format=webp",1784291672535,{"title":666,"logo":667,"createdDate":668},"Cyber essentials","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F53558c1045a342a7a28def960cd54ae7?format=webp",1784291702710,{"title":670,"logo":671,"createdDate":672},"ISO IEC 27001","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F578a404a61cf45db951a41fe3554d12d",1784291766222,{"title":674,"logo":675,"createdDate":676},"ISO IEC 27701","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fbe219844b13242fbba531959579a753c",1784291858848,[678,730,775],{"id":679,"label":680,"text":21,"navIcon":681,"items":682},"stop-browser-based-attacks","Stop browser-based attacks","solid:faShieldHalved",[683,688,693,698,703,708,712,717,721,725],{"title":684,"text":685,"url":686,"navIcon":687},"Adversary-in-the-Middle","Detect and block AiTM proxies stealing session tokens.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/adversary-in-the-middle-attacks","solid:faUserSecret",{"title":689,"text":690,"url":691,"navIcon":692},"ClickFix (+Fix variants)","Block attacks that trick users into running malicious code.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/clickfix-fix-variants","sharp-regular:faLaptopCode",{"title":694,"text":695,"url":696,"navIcon":697},"Malicious OAuth integrations","Detect suspicious OAuth consent flows and stop persistent access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-oauth-integrations","solid:faPlugCircleXmark",{"title":699,"text":700,"url":701,"navIcon":702},"Malicious browser extensions","Shine a light on risky browser extensions.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-browser-extensions","sharp-regular:faPuzzlePiece",{"title":704,"text":705,"url":706,"navIcon":707},"Malicious file downloads","Gain visibility into browser downloads and block malicious files.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-file-downloads","solid:faFileCircleXmark",{"title":395,"text":709,"url":710,"navIcon":711},"Surface hidden login paths that bypass SSO and expose accounts.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/ghost-logins","solid:faGhost",{"title":713,"text":714,"url":715,"navIcon":716},"Mobile phishing (QR & SMS)","Detect phishing links delivered via SMS and QR codes.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/mobile-phishing-qr-code-sms","solid:faQrcode",{"title":333,"text":718,"url":719,"navIcon":720},"Identify reused and compromised credentials across SaaS logins.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/credential-stuffing","custom:credentialStuffing",{"title":571,"text":722,"url":723,"navIcon":724},"Detect and block stolen session tokens before attackers get access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/session-hijacking","solid:faCookieBite",{"title":726,"text":727,"url":728,"navIcon":729},"Zero-day phishing","Detect phishing TTPs directly in the browser and stop credential theft.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/zero-day-phishing","sharp-regular:faFishingRod",{"id":731,"label":732,"text":21,"navIcon":733,"items":734},"achieve-security-outcomes","Achieve security outcomes","solid:faCheckToSlot",[735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770],{"title":736,"text":737,"url":738,"navIcon":739},"Stop account takeover","Stop ATO with stolen credential and compromised token detection.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/stop-account-takeover","sharp-regular:faUserSecret",{"title":741,"text":742,"url":743,"navIcon":744},"Harden unmanaged identities","Harden access paths with visibility, detection, and guardrails.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/harden-unmanaged-identities","sharp-regular:faRadar",{"title":746,"text":747,"url":748,"navIcon":749},"Investigate browser-related incidents","Investigate and respond faster with unique browser telemetry.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-browser-related-incidents","sharp-regular:faSatelliteDish",{"title":751,"text":752,"url":753,"navIcon":754},"Secure shadow SaaS","See and control shadow SaaS in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-shadow-saas","sharp-regular:faShieldCheck",{"title":756,"text":757,"url":758,"navIcon":759},"Secure AI","See and control AI apps in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-ai","sharp-regular:faBrainCircuit",{"title":761,"text":762,"url":763,"navIcon":764},"Secure BYOD","Extend consistent browser-based protection to unmanaged devices.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-bring-your-own-device","solid:faMobileScreenButton",{"title":766,"text":767,"url":768,"navIcon":769},"Secure Chromebooks","Secure browser activity on Chromebooks without endpoint agents.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-chromebooks","brands:faChrome",{"title":771,"text":772,"url":773,"navIcon":774},"Investigate and stop data loss","Detect and prevent data loss across AI tools, apps, and sessions.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-and-stop-data-loss","custom:investigateAndStopDataLoss",{"id":776,"label":777,"text":21,"navIcon":778,"items":779},"tool-replacements","Tool replacements","solid:faScrewdriverWrench",[780,785,790,795],{"title":781,"text":782,"url":783,"navIcon":784},"Remote browser isolation","Detect attacks that look like normal browsing.","/solution/tool-replacements/remote-browser-isolation","solid:faDisplay",{"title":786,"text":787,"url":788,"navIcon":789},"Secure web gateways","Detect attacks inside the browser after SWGs allowed the connection.","/solution/tool-replacements/secure-web-gateways","solid:faFilter",{"title":791,"text":792,"url":793,"navIcon":794},"Cloud access security broker","Catch browser-based identity threats in real time, not after the fact.","/solution/tool-replacements/cloud-access-security-broker","solid:faCloudArrowUp",{"title":796,"text":797,"url":798,"navIcon":799},"Security awareness training","Block real phishing instead of training users on simulations.","/solution/tool-replacements/security-awareness-training","custom:securityAwareness",{"w":801,"h":802,"d":803},448,512,"M171-16c-36.4 0-57.8 58.3-68.3 112L72 96c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24s10.7 24 24 24l24 0 0 32c0 17 3.3 33.2 9.3 48l-9.3 0 0 0-20.5 0c-15.2 0-27.5 12.3-27.5 27.5 0 3 .5 5.9 1.4 8.7l28.9 86.6C40.2 379.6 16 428.1 16 482.3 16 498.7 29.3 512 45.7 512l356.6 0c16.4 0 29.7-13.3 29.7-29.7 0-54.2-24.2-102.7-62.3-135.4l28.9-86.6c.9-2.8 1.4-5.7 1.4-8.7 0-15.2-12.3-27.5-27.5-27.5l-20.5 0 0 0-9.3 0c6-14.8 9.3-31 9.3-48l0-32 24 0c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24l-30.7 0c-10.4-53.7-31.9-112-68.3-112-9.6 0-19 3.9-27.5 8.2-8.2 4.1-18.4 7.8-25.5 7.8s-17.3-3.7-25.5-7.8C190-12.1 180.6-16 171-16zm93.7 484.4l-24.8-70.9 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us",{"items":847},[848],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":852,"profilePicture":854},"Luke Jennings","Luke","Vice President, R&D",[853],"https://www.linkedin.com/in/luke-jennings-042b5619b/",{"url":855},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4Hosb4zKi1dA0PUyDLMe1h/27e09d894861f2196ba794037986fb08/T016S22KZ96-U02NVQM7ZD4-57761d542d83-512.jpeg",{"json":857,"links":1570},{"data":858,"content":859,"nodeType":1569},{},[860,884,893,899,903,913,922,929,936,942,949,956,964,971,978,984,992,999,1006,1013,1019,1025,1031,1039,1046,1052,1059,1066,1069,1077,1089,1097,1104,1111,1118,1125,1133,1188,1195,1214,1221,1229,1249,1255,1262,1268,1276,1283,1311,1330,1337,1340,1348,1355,1363,1370,1378,1385,1393,1400,1408,1415,1422,1425,1433,1440,1460,1467,1474,1477,1485,1492,1527,1534,1537,1544,1551],{"data":861,"content":862,"nodeType":883},{},[863,868,879],{"data":864,"marks":865,"value":866,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Three years ago, we published the poisoned tenant attack as part of the ","text",{"data":869,"content":871,"nodeType":878},{"uri":870},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix",[872],{"data":873,"marks":874,"value":877,"nodeType":867},{},[875],{"type":876},"underline","Browser and Identity Attacks matrix","hyperlink",{"data":880,"marks":881,"value":882,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Last week, someone used it to target Push Security employees and customers through OpenAI's organization invitation feature. This post breaks down what happened, explores what the payoff is for an attacker, and connects the incident to a broader pattern of SaaS platform abuse that is accelerating across the industry.","paragraph",{"data":885,"content":891,"nodeType":892},{"target":886},{"sys":887},{"id":888,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7upGHPt7eVNji6v22h124t","Link","Entry",[],"embedded-entry-block",{"data":894,"content":898,"nodeType":892},{"target":895},{"sys":896},{"id":897,"type":889,"linkType":890},"53U3LHhhHFYnEpShdLmDqs",[],{"data":900,"content":901,"nodeType":902},{},[],"hr",{"data":904,"content":905,"nodeType":912},{},[906],{"data":907,"marks":908,"value":911,"nodeType":867},{},[909],{"type":910},"bold","What happened","heading-1",{"data":914,"content":915,"nodeType":921},{},[916],{"data":917,"marks":918,"value":920,"nodeType":867},{},[919],{"type":910},"The invitation","heading-2",{"data":923,"content":924,"nodeType":883},{},[925],{"data":926,"marks":927,"value":928,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In recent weeks, several Push Security team members have received multiple waves of emails from OpenAI inviting them to join an organization called \"Push Security Inc\". ",{"data":930,"content":931,"nodeType":883},{},[932],{"data":933,"marks":934,"value":935,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The emails came from OpenAI's legitimate notification address (noreply@tm.openai.com), passed all standard email authentication checks, and referenced our company by name. They looked exactly like a routine organizational invitation because, technically, they were one.",{"data":937,"content":941,"nodeType":892},{"target":938},{"sys":939},{"id":940,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6JmXCVjUckklFrO7leDqOA",[],{"data":943,"content":944,"nodeType":883},{},[945],{"data":946,"marks":947,"value":948,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The invitations were sent by various accounts registered under email addresses that had no affiliation with Push. ",{"data":950,"content":951,"nodeType":883},{},[952],{"data":953,"marks":954,"value":955,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OpenAI's invitation email did include a warning — \"The inviter's email domain, gmail.com, does not match your domain, pushsecurity.com\" — but that's a single line in an otherwise completely legitimate-looking email from a trusted platform. The invitation targeted specific employees by their work email addresses, suggesting the attacker had done some reconnaissance on our team. ",{"data":957,"content":958,"nodeType":921},{},[959],{"data":960,"marks":961,"value":963,"nodeType":867},{},[962],{"type":910},"One click, no credentials",{"data":965,"content":966,"nodeType":883},{},[967],{"data":968,"marks":969,"value":970,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After discussing internally I decided to investigate further by accepting the invite. The acceptance was instant (one click, no credentials or additional authentication). This was particularly notable because it was done from an entirely separate browser to my typical work profile. I wasn’t already logged into ChatGPT from the browser, but clicking the email link was all it took to join my account to the attacker's organization. ",{"data":972,"content":973,"nodeType":883},{},[974],{"data":975,"marks":976,"value":977,"nodeType":867},{},[],"I landed on a confirmation page telling me I'd been added to \"Push Security Inc.\"",{"data":979,"content":983,"nodeType":892},{"target":980},{"sys":981},{"id":982,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1YPMilWhyTSV860PCFXxmx",[],{"data":985,"content":986,"nodeType":921},{},[987],{"data":988,"marks":989,"value":991,"nodeType":867},{},[990],{"type":910},"What the attacker had set up",{"data":993,"content":994,"nodeType":883},{},[995],{"data":996,"marks":997,"value":998,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Within the organization, the attacker's account appeared under the name of Push's CEO. ",{"data":1000,"content":1001,"nodeType":883},{},[1002],{"data":1003,"marks":1004,"value":1005,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It's something of a rite of passage for new Push employees to receive scam texts from someone impersonating Adam, usually with an urgent request that inevitably leads to gift cards. But creating a fully configured SaaS tenant under a CEO's name and inviting specific employees into it is a different level of effort entirely.",{"data":1007,"content":1008,"nodeType":883},{},[1009],{"data":1010,"marks":1011,"value":1012,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All invited team members had been assigned the \"Owner\" role, giving them full administrative access to the organization. A Visa credit card was attached to the billing account.",{"data":1014,"content":1018,"nodeType":892},{"target":1015},{"sys":1016},{"id":1017,"type":889,"linkType":890},"272ejb1WCqvL58rYN3wfSQ",[],{"data":1020,"content":1024,"nodeType":892},{"target":1021},{"sys":1022},{"id":1023,"type":889,"linkType":890},"9U5oPibmLSuloIIwMdpuG",[],{"data":1026,"content":1030,"nodeType":892},{"target":1027},{"sys":1028},{"id":1029,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6S0boiGqIRqkxsNJWlXMZ0",[],{"data":1032,"content":1033,"nodeType":921},{},[1034],{"data":1035,"marks":1036,"value":1038,"nodeType":867},{},[1037],{"type":910},"The response",{"data":1040,"content":1041,"nodeType":883},{},[1042],{"data":1043,"marks":1044,"value":1045,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We spotted the attack straight away and raised the alarm internally before deciding to investigate. Several Push employees had been invited to the tenant but either hadn’t seen the emails, or the wrong email address had been added for the employee. ",{"data":1047,"content":1051,"nodeType":892},{"target":1048},{"sys":1049},{"id":1050,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1CQqUTdcJtZWozY7azSuOI",[],{"data":1053,"content":1054,"nodeType":883},{},[1055],{"data":1056,"marks":1057,"value":1058,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By joining the tenant, I was able to see the other employees that had been added, enabling us to speak to each employee to confirm. We could also see that they hadn’t joined the tenant since they were all “invite pending” status. Confirming that nobody had joined (and thus used) the platform was the extent of investigation required. ",{"data":1060,"content":1061,"nodeType":883},{},[1062],{"data":1063,"marks":1064,"value":1065,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We also implemented mail rules to block similar invites from reaching Push employees in future. ",{"data":1067,"content":1068,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":1070,"content":1071,"nodeType":912},{},[1072],{"data":1073,"marks":1074,"value":1076,"nodeType":867},{},[1075],{"type":910},"What's the payoff for an attacker?",{"data":1078,"content":1079,"nodeType":883},{},[1080,1084],{"data":1081,"marks":1082,"value":1083,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker created an OpenAI organization, named it after our company, attached a credit card (which we believe was likely stolen — it's hard to see why a legitimate card would be used for this purpose), researched specific employees, and sent targeted invitations. That represents a non-trivial investment of effort. ",{"data":1085,"marks":1086,"value":1088,"nodeType":867},{},[1087],{"type":910},"So what was the endgame?",{"data":1090,"content":1091,"nodeType":921},{},[1092],{"data":1093,"marks":1094,"value":1096,"nodeType":867},{},[1095],{"type":910},"Get employees using the platform — then harvest what they put into it?",{"data":1098,"content":1099,"nodeType":883},{},[1100],{"data":1101,"marks":1102,"value":1103,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An attacker who just wants to spray scam content through a trusted email channel doesn't name the organization after their target, research individual employees, or attach a credit card. ",{"data":1105,"content":1106,"nodeType":883},{},[1107],{"data":1108,"marks":1109,"value":1110,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That investment only pays off if employees actually join the organization and start using it. And on an AI platform, the data people put into prompts can be extraordinarily sensitive — source code, internal documents, customer data, security research, strategic plans.",{"data":1112,"content":1113,"nodeType":883},{},[1114],{"data":1115,"marks":1116,"value":1117,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If someone on the team had assumed \"oh, we've got a company OpenAI org now\" and started running work through it, the attacker would be sitting on a live feed of that activity as an org administrator with access to usage logs and API interactions.",{"data":1119,"content":1120,"nodeType":883},{},[1121],{"data":1122,"marks":1123,"value":1124,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The stolen credit card removes a friction point that might otherwise tip someone off: if there were no billing set up and employees hit a paywall when trying to use the API, they'd start asking questions internally about who created the org. A pre-funded account removes friction and the chance to discover that something is up.",{"data":1126,"content":1127,"nodeType":921},{},[1128],{"data":1129,"marks":1130,"value":1132,"nodeType":867},{},[1131],{"type":910},"SAMLjacking a poisoned tenant?",{"data":1134,"content":1135,"nodeType":883},{},[1136,1140,1148,1152,1160,1164,1172,1176,1184],{"data":1137,"marks":1138,"value":1139,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In August 2023, we published ",{"data":1141,"content":1143,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1142},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/samljacking-a-poisoned-tenant/",[1144],{"data":1145,"marks":1146,"value":1147,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SAMLjacking a poisoned tenant",{"data":1149,"marks":1150,"value":1151,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which demonstrated how an attacker could register a tenant on a SaaS platform using a target organization's name, invite employees to join it, and then leverage that foothold for further attacks — in that case, by configuring a malicious SAML identity provider to harvest credentials. The technique is cataloged in the ",{"data":1153,"content":1155,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1154},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/",[1156],{"data":1157,"marks":1158,"value":1159,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix",{"data":1161,"marks":1162,"value":1163,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (originally the SaaS attack matrix) as an ",{"data":1165,"content":1167,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1166},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/poisoned-tenants",[1168],{"data":1169,"marks":1170,"value":1171,"nodeType":867},{},[],"initial access technique",{"data":1173,"marks":1174,"value":1175,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — and when combined with ",{"data":1177,"content":1179,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1178},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/samljacking",[1180],{"data":1181,"marks":1182,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SAMLjacking",{"data":1185,"marks":1186,"value":1187,"nodeType":867},{},[],", it becomes a lateral movement vector too.",{"data":1189,"content":1190,"nodeType":883},{},[1191],{"data":1192,"marks":1193,"value":1194,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The gist is that once an employee has joined an attacker-controlled organization and is treating it as a legitimate company resource, the attacker has a trusted channel for further social engineering — a follow-up message asking team members to connect their SSO, or to authorize a third-party integration that requires OAuth consent.",{"data":1196,"content":1197,"nodeType":883},{},[1198,1202,1210],{"data":1199,"marks":1200,"value":1201,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is exactly the attack chain we described in the ",{"data":1203,"content":1204,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1142},[1205],{"data":1206,"marks":1207,"value":1209,"nodeType":867},{},[1208],{"type":876},"original SAMLjacking post",{"data":1211,"marks":1212,"value":1213,"nodeType":867},{},[],", where a poisoned tenant on a seemingly low-risk platform becomes the entry point for credential harvesting via a malicious SAML configuration.",{"data":1215,"content":1216,"nodeType":883},{},[1217],{"data":1218,"marks":1219,"value":1220,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Based on my research I don’t think this exact scenario is easily possible in the specific context of OpenAI / ChatGPT since domain verification is required in order to enable SAML. However, there are other options to consider. ",{"data":1222,"content":1223,"nodeType":921},{},[1224],{"data":1225,"marks":1226,"value":1228,"nodeType":867},{},[1227],{"type":910},"Substituting SAMLjacking for project-jacking?",{"data":1230,"content":1231,"nodeType":883},{},[1232,1236,1245],{"data":1233,"marks":1234,"value":1235,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve recently reported on attacks like ",{"data":1237,"content":1239,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1238},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign/",[1240],{"data":1241,"marks":1242,"value":1244,"nodeType":867},{},[1243],{"type":876},"LLMShare",{"data":1246,"marks":1247,"value":1248,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that interestingly also abused ChatGPT — in this case, abusing chat sharing functionality to distribute both malicious instructions and convincing-looking designs that trick the user into navigating to an attacker-controlled site hosting a malicious payload. ",{"data":1250,"content":1254,"nodeType":892},{"target":1251},{"sys":1252},{"id":1253,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5U6imJMpFs8CAohztgHG3x",[],{"data":1256,"content":1257,"nodeType":883},{},[1258],{"data":1259,"marks":1260,"value":1261,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the cases we observed in the wild, links were distributed via malvertising. But you could see a scenario in which shared projects or conversations are seeded with chats containing malicious links. Or even perhaps malicious instructions in shared projects (effectively a form of prompt injection). In this way, attackers could trick the user into running malicious commands that interact with other connected apps such as their email, calendar, and a long list of cloud services with access to sensitive company data. ",{"data":1263,"content":1267,"nodeType":892},{"target":1264},{"sys":1265},{"id":1266,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4g0jXhfJ5OMBhDXjfCX8S2",[],{"data":1269,"content":1270,"nodeType":912},{},[1271],{"data":1272,"marks":1273,"value":1275,"nodeType":867},{},[1274],{"type":910},"This isn't an isolated technique",{"data":1277,"content":1278,"nodeType":883},{},[1279],{"data":1280,"marks":1281,"value":1282,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Our experience is a specific instance of a broader trend: attackers weaponizing the invitation and notification features built into SaaS platforms to deliver social engineering through trusted channels. ",{"data":1284,"content":1285,"nodeType":883},{},[1286,1290,1298,1302,1307],{"data":1287,"marks":1288,"value":1289,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In January 2026, ",{"data":1291,"content":1293,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1292},"https://me-en.kaspersky.com/about/press-releases/kaspersky-detected-a-scam-exploiting-openais-teamwork-features",[1294],{"data":1295,"marks":1296,"value":1297,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Kaspersky reported",{"data":1299,"marks":1300,"value":1301,"nodeType":867},{},[]," a cruder abuse of the same OpenAI invitation feature. When you create an OpenAI organization, the platform lets you set the organization name to any arbitrary string. Attackers exploited this by stuffing scam content directly into the org name field: fake subscription renewal notices, fraudulent phone numbers for vishing callbacks, and links to adult services. In that case, the ",{"data":1303,"marks":1304,"value":1306,"nodeType":867},{},[1305],{"type":910},"org name was the payload",{"data":1308,"marks":1309,"value":1310,"nodeType":867},{},[],", while in our case, the email was the delivery mechanism for a legitimate-looking poisoned tenant. ",{"data":1312,"content":1313,"nodeType":883},{},[1314,1318,1326],{"data":1315,"marks":1316,"value":1317,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In April 2026, ",{"data":1319,"content":1321,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1320},"https://blog.talosintelligence.com/weaponizing-saas-notification-pipelines/",[1322],{"data":1323,"marks":1324,"value":1325,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cisco Talos published research",{"data":1327,"marks":1328,"value":1329,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on what they termed \"Platform-as-a-Proxy\" (PaaP), documenting the same technique across GitHub and Jira — phishing lures embedded in commit messages, welcome messages, and other user-controlled fields that feed into platform-generated notification emails. At its peak, Talos estimated approximately 2.89% of emails sent from GitHub on a single day were associated with this activity.",{"data":1331,"content":1332,"nodeType":883},{},[1333],{"data":1334,"marks":1335,"value":1336,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What’s clear is that attackers are abusing SaaS platforms that let anyone create organizations, name them whatever they want, and send invitation emails through the platform's own mail infrastructure. ",{"data":1338,"content":1339,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":1341,"content":1342,"nodeType":912},{},[1343],{"data":1344,"marks":1345,"value":1347,"nodeType":867},{},[1346],{"type":910},"What you can actually do about it",{"data":1349,"content":1350,"nodeType":883},{},[1351],{"data":1352,"marks":1353,"value":1354,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The defensive challenge with poisoned tenant attacks is that they exploit legitimate platform functionality delivered through legitimate sites. There's no malicious URL to block, no spoofed domain to detect, and no attachment to scan. The invitation email is, by every technical measure, genuine. That said, there are practical steps that reduce the risk. ",{"data":1356,"content":1357,"nodeType":921},{},[1358],{"data":1359,"marks":1360,"value":1362,"nodeType":867},{},[1361],{"type":910},"Get visibility into SaaS organization membership",{"data":1364,"content":1365,"nodeType":883},{},[1366],{"data":1367,"marks":1368,"value":1369,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most organizations have no visibility into which SaaS platform invitations their employees are receiving or accepting. If an employee joins an attacker-controlled Slack workspace, OpenAI organization, or Jira project, the security team typically has no way to know. Any tool that provides visibility into SaaS account creation and organization membership — whether through browser telemetry, IdP monitoring, or platform API integration — closes a significant blind spot. ",{"data":1371,"content":1372,"nodeType":921},{},[1373],{"data":1374,"marks":1375,"value":1377,"nodeType":867},{},[1376],{"type":910},"Train for invitations, not just phishing",{"data":1379,"content":1380,"nodeType":883},{},[1381],{"data":1382,"marks":1383,"value":1384,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Generic phishing awareness training doesn't cover this scenario well, because the emails genuinely aren't phishing in the traditional sense. They're legitimate platform notifications carrying an illegitimate invitation. Employees need to understand that an email from OpenAI, Microsoft, GitHub, or Atlassian can be both technically authentic and part of an attack — and that joining an organization on any platform is a security-relevant action that should be verified through an internal channel before accepting.",{"data":1386,"content":1387,"nodeType":921},{},[1388],{"data":1389,"marks":1390,"value":1392,"nodeType":867},{},[1391],{"type":910},"Can you protect against domain squatting?",{"data":1394,"content":1395,"nodeType":883},{},[1396],{"data":1397,"marks":1398,"value":1399,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In some cases, you can register your organization name on a platform to prevent others from claiming it, even if you don't plan to use the platform's organizational features immediately. That said, in others you can have lots of tenants with the same name, and there are no protections around companies claiming a tenant ID impersonating your own — as in this case, where an attacker with a random email address was able to create a realistic-looking Push Security tenant. ",{"data":1401,"content":1402,"nodeType":921},{},[1403],{"data":1404,"marks":1405,"value":1407,"nodeType":867},{},[1406],{"type":910},"Lobby vendors to do better",{"data":1409,"content":1410,"nodeType":883},{},[1411],{"data":1412,"marks":1413,"value":1414,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Platform vendors need to improve invitation controls. OpenAI does include a warning when the inviter's domain doesn't match the recipient's domain, which is better than nothing — but a single line of text in an otherwise polished invitation email is easy to miss.",{"data":1416,"content":1417,"nodeType":883},{},[1418],{"data":1419,"marks":1420,"value":1421,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Platforms should consider requiring domain verification before allowing an organization to use a company's name, adding more prominent warnings for cross-domain invitations, or allowing enterprise customers to restrict which organizations their employees can join.",{"data":1423,"content":1424,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":1426,"content":1427,"nodeType":912},{},[1428],{"data":1429,"marks":1430,"value":1432,"nodeType":867},{},[1431],{"type":910},"The bigger picture",{"data":1434,"content":1435,"nodeType":883},{},[1436],{"data":1437,"marks":1438,"value":1439,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we published the poisoned tenant technique in 2023, it was a theoretical attack that we hadn't seen used in the wild. Three years later, we've experienced it firsthand, and the technique has moved from our attack matrix to our incident log.",{"data":1441,"content":1442,"nodeType":883},{},[1443,1447,1456],{"data":1444,"marks":1445,"value":1446,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The explosion of SaaS platforms in enterprise environments (",{"data":1448,"content":1450,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1449},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai/",[1451],{"data":1452,"marks":1453,"value":1455,"nodeType":867},{},[1454],{"type":876},"particularly with the force multiplier that is AI",{"data":1457,"marks":1458,"value":1459,"nodeType":867},{},[],"), each with their own organization and invitation features, has created a sprawling attack surface that most security teams aren't monitoring. Every platform that lets anyone create an organization with any name and invite anyone to join it is offering attackers a trusted delivery channel.",{"data":1461,"content":1462,"nodeType":883},{},[1463],{"data":1464,"marks":1465,"value":1466,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And as AI platforms like OpenAI become standard tools in the enterprise, the value of a poisoned tenant on those platforms — with access to prompts, API usage, and potentially sensitive data — grows significantly.",{"data":1468,"content":1469,"nodeType":883},{},[1470],{"data":1471,"marks":1472,"value":1473,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It's good that we spend our days thinking about this stuff — the attack was caught quickly because the team is wary of exactly these kinds of techniques, and no data was exposed. The next organization targeted with this technique may not have that advantage, especially if the attacker's tenant sits in the background while employees unknowingly feed it data through their normal work.",{"data":1475,"content":1476,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":1478,"content":1479,"nodeType":912},{},[1480],{"data":1481,"marks":1482,"value":1484,"nodeType":867},{},[1483],{"type":910},"IoCs",{"data":1486,"content":1487,"nodeType":883},{},[1488],{"data":1489,"marks":1490,"value":1491,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve identified the following emails associated with the campaign so far (at least, in terms of the attacks directly targeting Push):",{"data":1493,"content":1494,"nodeType":1526},{},[1495,1506,1516],{"data":1496,"content":1497,"nodeType":1505},{},[1498],{"data":1499,"content":1500,"nodeType":883},{},[1501],{"data":1502,"marks":1503,"value":1504,"nodeType":867},{},[],"phamvankim2133@gmail[.]com","list-item",{"data":1507,"content":1508,"nodeType":1505},{},[1509],{"data":1510,"content":1511,"nodeType":883},{},[1512],{"data":1513,"marks":1514,"value":1515,"nodeType":867},{},[],"adam.bateman_928@faeththeraputics[.]email",{"data":1517,"content":1518,"nodeType":1505},{},[1519],{"data":1520,"content":1521,"nodeType":883},{},[1522],{"data":1523,"marks":1524,"value":1525,"nodeType":867},{},[],"amelindashaffer99495@gmail[.]com","unordered-list",{"data":1528,"content":1529,"nodeType":883},{},[1530],{"data":1531,"marks":1532,"value":1533,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, the real list is likely to be much larger. We’ve confirmed that similar messages have also been received by Push customers. But it's not like you can easily block access to the tenants themselves — they are \"legit\" OpenAI tenants, using the normal OpenAI domain. And since a new one is being spun up each time, no two attacks will look the same.",{"data":1535,"content":1536,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":1538,"content":1539,"nodeType":883},{},[1540],{"data":1541,"marks":1542,"value":1543,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.",{"data":1545,"content":1546,"nodeType":883},{},[1547],{"data":1548,"marks":1549,"value":1550,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",{"data":1552,"content":1553,"nodeType":883},{},[1554,1557,1566],{"data":1555,"marks":1556,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":1558,"content":1560,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo/",[1561],{"data":1562,"marks":1563,"value":1565,"nodeType":867},{},[1564],{"type":876},"Book a live demo to learn more.",{"data":1567,"marks":1568,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"document",{"entries":1571},{"hyperlink":1572,"inline":1573,"block":1574},[],[],[1575,1582,1590,1597,1604,1610,1616,1621,1628,1634],{"sys":1576,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":1579,"buttonLabel":1580,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":1154},{"id":888},"CtaWidget","Custom","Check out our browser and identity attacks matrix for a comprehensive overview of attack techniques using a MITRE-inspired mapping.","Check it out","sunny orange",{"sys":1583,"__typename":1584,"title":1159,"caption":1585,"layoutMode":59,"file":1586},{"id":897},"Image","Browser and identity-based techniques have exploded since we first launched our attack matrix",{"url":1587,"width":1588,"height":1589},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/L0Yc77y9vzrKVD72BQGX2/4ffe0bf61bd62f025262b8efd74394b7/Browser___Identity_Attacks_Matrix__1_.png",6160,4432,{"sys":1591,"__typename":1584,"title":1592,"caption":1592,"layoutMode":59,"file":1593},{"id":940},"Invitation email showing OpenAI branding, \"Push Security Inc\" org name, and the Gmail sender address",{"url":1594,"width":1595,"height":1596},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3eUI8n1hcCbP6nV2dZ2lLK/1f34b9057cafed9ef1472ea0902d84ac/image4.png",1833,775,{"sys":1598,"__typename":1584,"title":1599,"caption":1599,"layoutMode":59,"file":1600},{"id":982},"\"Invite accepted\" confirmation page.",{"url":1601,"width":1602,"height":1603},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/38N7FnCMSQz519ZXQfpXo4/f848d30b238b943a47efa29d12b68b87/image5.png",1999,1031,{"sys":1605,"__typename":1584,"title":1606,"caption":1606,"layoutMode":59,"file":1607},{"id":1017},"Settings screen showing the organization name “Push Security Inc”.",{"url":1608,"width":1602,"height":1609},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3bRsNJecXnZPE2VNzS2gRy/5b715bb1b01af459885be77757c94953/image6.png",1129,{"sys":1611,"__typename":1584,"title":1612,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":1613},{"id":1023},"Members page showing the attacker's account and Luke's account.",{"url":1614,"width":1602,"height":1615},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6SXC65KKIl6Kh7jWj24fG7/930d892e37218a1e7f0bbed06edaea6e/image7.png",602,{"sys":1617,"__typename":1584,"title":1618,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":1619},{"id":1029},"Billing page showing attached Visa card.",{"url":1620,"width":1602,"height":1609},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6lXKx1sPEpoPSLP0vWkWmX/042ea3d7a259234bb0ac53f93e79ff99/image2.png",{"sys":1622,"__typename":1584,"title":1623,"caption":1623,"layoutMode":59,"file":1624},{"id":1050},"Several Push employees had been invited to the tenant. Because I was an admin, I could also choose to resend the invites or remove them.",{"url":1625,"width":1626,"height":1627},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4XMXNGxkUOZc8OJIEvAR5X/e51c2460775d712732f6a59bef28d018/image3.png",1936,1428,{"sys":1629,"__typename":1584,"title":1630,"caption":1630,"layoutMode":59,"file":1631},{"id":1253},"The LLMShare attack we recently disclosed also leveraged ChatGPT as a platform to distribute malware.",{"url":1632,"width":1602,"height":1633},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5grmZOTXQcb1uDHhMw8e20/239aece66c5f29745dd2a77fd288de49/image1.png",875,{"sys":1635,"__typename":1636,"content":1637,"name":1660,"title":59},{"id":1266},"InsightTextBlockComponent",{"json":1638},{"data":1639,"content":1640,"nodeType":1569},{},[1641],{"data":1642,"content":1643,"nodeType":883},{},[1644,1648,1656],{"data":1645,"marks":1646,"value":1647,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AI apps are increasingly the ",{"data":1649,"content":1650,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1449},[1651],{"data":1652,"marks":1653,"value":1655,"nodeType":867},{},[1654],{"type":876},"work hub for modern enterprise users",{"data":1657,"marks":1658,"value":1659,"nodeType":867},{},[],", even more so than something like M365 or Google Workspace once was. AI apps acting as the control plane for automation and orchestration across business apps are a security nightmare if compromised — if a user could be tricked into using the attacker’s tenant, connecting it to business apps and accounts, and then inadvertently running malicious instructions, the possible attack scenarios are extensive. ","OpenAI poisoned tenant IB1",{"items":1662},[],{},"Investigating a novel OpenAI poisoned tenant attack","threat-research","2026-06-26T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":1668},[1669,2542,3354],{"__typename":1670,"sys":1671,"content":1673,"title":2521,"synopsis":2522,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":2523,"slug":2524,"tagsCollection":2525,"authorsCollection":2534},"BlogPosts",{"id":1672},"211Dd0EIrXPOFpvRgs0fEE",{"json":1674},{"data":1675,"content":1676,"nodeType":1569},{},[1677,1696,1715,1732,1738,1741,1749,1756,1763,1770,1777,1785,1788,1796,1803,1810,1817,1823,1831,1850,1857,1864,1880,1888,1919,1935,1942,1973,1981,2012,2019,2027,2046,2053,2060,2066,2073,2081,2100,2107,2126,2133,2136,2144,2151,2240,2247,2263,2266,2297,2316,2323,2330,2333,2341,2360,2367,2374,2392,2395,2403,2410,2443,2450,2467,2486,2492,2495,2502],{"data":1678,"content":1679,"nodeType":883},{},[1680,1684,1692],{"data":1681,"marks":1682,"value":1683,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we released the ",{"data":1685,"content":1687,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1686},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/saas-attack-techniques/",[1688],{"data":1689,"marks":1690,"value":1691,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS attack matrix",{"data":1693,"marks":1694,"value":1695,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in 2023, we were anticipating a shift that was just beginning to take shape. The techniques that attackers were using to compromise cloud applications and identities weren't well represented in existing frameworks, and many of the ones we documented hadn't yet been widely observed in the wild.",{"data":1697,"content":1698,"nodeType":883},{},[1699,1703,1711],{"data":1700,"marks":1701,"value":1702,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A year later, we ",{"data":1704,"content":1706,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1705},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-saas-attack-matrix-one-year-on/",[1707],{"data":1708,"marks":1709,"value":1710,"nodeType":867},{},[],"reviewed what had changed",{"data":1712,"marks":1713,"value":1714,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and found that the initial access phase — the techniques designed to compromise an identity in the first place — was where almost all of the attacker innovation was concentrated. And two years on, that trend has become the story of the modern threat landscape. ",{"data":1716,"content":1717,"nodeType":883},{},[1718,1722,1728],{"data":1719,"marks":1720,"value":1721,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Today, we're re-releasing the matrix as the ",{"data":1723,"content":1724,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1154},[1725],{"data":1726,"marks":1727,"value":1159,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":1729,"marks":1730,"value":1731,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The name change isn't cosmetic. It reflects that the attacks driving the most consequential breaches are browser-based and identity-first.",{"data":1733,"content":1737,"nodeType":892},{"target":1734},{"sys":1735},{"id":1736,"type":889,"linkType":890},"MSnrBRJtiQxpv2qxFLCVE",[],{"data":1739,"content":1740,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":1742,"content":1743,"nodeType":912},{},[1744],{"data":1745,"marks":1746,"value":1748,"nodeType":867},{},[1747],{"type":910},"Why the scope needed to change",{"data":1750,"content":1751,"nodeType":883},{},[1752],{"data":1753,"marks":1754,"value":1755,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The original SaaS attack matrix was built around a specific insight: that attacks targeting modern business applications played out entirely over the internet, without touching endpoints or internal networks in any way that EDR or network detection tools would recognize.",{"data":1757,"content":1758,"nodeType":883},{},[1759],{"data":1760,"marks":1761,"value":1762,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That framing was useful, and it remains true. But it anchored the matrix to the post-access phase — what attackers do once they're inside a SaaS application — and didn't give enough weight to the initial access techniques that determine whether attackers get there in the first place.",{"data":1764,"content":1765,"nodeType":883},{},[1766],{"data":1767,"marks":1768,"value":1769,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The problem is that initial access is where the overwhelming majority of attacker innovation and investment is concentrated, and the techniques being used to achieve it are best understood as browser and identity attacks rather than SaaS-specific ones. AiTM phishing, ClickFix and its growing family of clipboard-injection variants, device code phishing, OAuth consent abuse, credential stuffing powered by infostealer supply chains, malicious browser extensions all happen in or via the browser.",{"data":1771,"content":1772,"nodeType":883},{},[1773],{"data":1774,"marks":1775,"value":1776,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another issue is that \"SaaS\" has arguably ceased to be a meaningful category. When we consider that most organizations run the majority of their business on cloud applications, the difference between what constitutes \"SaaS\" versus cloud versus just \"business IT\" is pretty blurry (and feels like an academic rather than practical difference).",{"data":1778,"content":1779,"nodeType":883},{},[1780],{"data":1781,"marks":1782,"value":1784,"nodeType":867},{},[1783],{"type":910},"So it's less about whether an attack is a \"SaaS attack\" and more about how these attacks actually play out. ",{"data":1786,"content":1787,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":1789,"content":1790,"nodeType":912},{},[1791],{"data":1792,"marks":1793,"value":1795,"nodeType":867},{},[1794],{"type":910},"The technique landscape has transformed",{"data":1797,"content":1798,"nodeType":883},{},[1799],{"data":1800,"marks":1801,"value":1802,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The second part to the change is the fact that scale and speed of attacker innovation in the space justifies it.",{"data":1804,"content":1805,"nodeType":883},{},[1806],{"data":1807,"marks":1808,"value":1809,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we launched the matrix in mid-2023, AiTM phishing was emerging as a serious concern but was far from ubiquitous. ClickFix didn't exist as a named technique. Device code phishing was a curiosity documented by a handful of researchers. ConsentFix was years away from being discovered. Browser extension supply chain attacks were rare enough to be individually notable.",{"data":1811,"content":1812,"nodeType":883},{},[1813],{"data":1814,"marks":1815,"value":1816,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the two and a half years since, every one of these has become a mainstream, industrialized attack technique — and several have converged in ways that would have been hard to predict.",{"data":1818,"content":1822,"nodeType":892},{"target":1819},{"sys":1820},{"id":1821,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5Kw2kSrL8u4VyslxK8HCtR",[],{"data":1824,"content":1825,"nodeType":921},{},[1826],{"data":1827,"marks":1828,"value":1830,"nodeType":867},{},[1829],{"type":910},"AiTM phishing has become the default phishing method",{"data":1832,"content":1833,"nodeType":883},{},[1834,1838,1846],{"data":1835,"marks":1836,"value":1837,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AiTM phishing is now the standard, powered by Phishing-as-a-Service kits that operate with the release cycles and customer support of legitimate SaaS products. Tycoon 2FA alone accounted for ",{"data":1839,"content":1841,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1840},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/2025-top-phishing-trends/",[1842],{"data":1843,"marks":1844,"value":1845,"nodeType":867},{},[],"62% of phishing detected by Microsoft",{"data":1847,"marks":1848,"value":1849,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and over 64,000 confirmed incidents, with Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx, and a growing roster of competitors filling out the marketplace.",{"data":1851,"content":1852,"nodeType":883},{},[1853],{"data":1854,"marks":1855,"value":1856,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AiTM is constantly evolving, with vendors adding new features, capabilities, detection evasion techniques, and so on. Abuse of legitimate platforms, and increasingly AI-assisted development means that it’s trivial for attackers to spin up and tear down infrastructure, scale their campaigns, target specific organizations with crafted pages and lures, and generally means that attackers can operate highly sophisticated attacks with minimal effort and complexity. This makes AiTM and other PhaaS-powered techniques extremely accessible to all kinds of criminals.  ",{"data":1858,"content":1859,"nodeType":883},{},[1860],{"data":1861,"marks":1862,"value":1863,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These kits are delivered across several browser-based channels — not just email. Push data consistently shows that roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads we intercept arrive via social media, search ads, messaging apps, or other non-email vectors.",{"data":1865,"content":1866,"nodeType":883},{},[1867,1871,1876],{"data":1868,"marks":1869,"value":1870,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Vishing has also surged as a delivery channel — CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":1872,"marks":1873,"value":1875,"nodeType":867},{},[1874],{"type":910},"442% year-over-year increase",{"data":1877,"marks":1878,"value":1879,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and Mandiant found it was the single most common initial vector in cloud compromises at 23%. But the trend that matters isn't voice calls in isolation; it's voice calls combined with browser-based payloads, where a live operator guides the victim into an AiTM page or device code flow that the call alone could not execute.",{"data":1881,"content":1882,"nodeType":921},{},[1883],{"data":1884,"marks":1885,"value":1887,"nodeType":867},{},[1886],{"type":910},"ClickFix is the top reported initial access vector",{"data":1889,"content":1890,"nodeType":883},{},[1891,1895,1903,1907,1915],{"data":1892,"marks":1893,"value":1894,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ClickFix has gone from nonexistent to one of the most prevalent initial access techniques in under 18 months. Microsoft reported it as the ",{"data":1896,"content":1898,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1897},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf",[1899],{"data":1900,"marks":1901,"value":1902,"nodeType":867},{},[],"most common initial access vector in 2025",{"data":1904,"marks":1905,"value":1906,"nodeType":867},{},[],", accounting for 47% of observed attacks, while CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":1908,"content":1910,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1909},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report",[1911],{"data":1912,"marks":1913,"value":1914,"nodeType":867},{},[],"563% increase",{"data":1916,"marks":1917,"value":1918,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in fake CAPTCHA lures (a top ClickFix style).",{"data":1920,"content":1921,"nodeType":883},{},[1922,1926,1931],{"data":1923,"marks":1924,"value":1925,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ClickFix is admittedly an outlier in a browser attacks matrix — the payload ultimately executes on the endpoint, not in the browser — but the delivery is overwhelmingly browser-based: ",{"data":1927,"marks":1928,"value":1930,"nodeType":867},{},[1929],{"type":910},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads",{"data":1932,"marks":1933,"value":1934,"nodeType":867},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive via search engines as a result of malvertising or compromised web pages, not email, which means the browser is the only control point that actually sees the attack before the user pastes the malicious command.",{"data":1936,"content":1937,"nodeType":883},{},[1938],{"data":1939,"marks":1940,"value":1941,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ClickFix is now the primary delivery mechanism for infostealer malware, which is in turn the primary source of the stolen credentials and session tokens that power credential stuffing and session hijacking — which means the technique sits at the start of a cycle where one class of browser-delivered attack generates the raw material for the next.",{"data":1943,"content":1944,"nodeType":883},{},[1945,1949,1957,1961,1969],{"data":1946,"marks":1947,"value":1948,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The success of ClickFix has predictably spawned a growing family of derivatives — FileFix, CrashFix, ",{"data":1950,"content":1952,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1951},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/installfix/",[1953],{"data":1954,"marks":1955,"value":1956,"nodeType":867},{},[],"InstallFix",{"data":1958,"marks":1959,"value":1960,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — and much of the naming is marketing hype around variations on the same clipboard-injection mechanic. But ",{"data":1962,"content":1964,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1963},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix/",[1965],{"data":1966,"marks":1967,"value":1968,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix",{"data":1970,"marks":1971,"value":1972,"nodeType":867},{},[]," was a genuinely novel development.",{"data":1974,"content":1975,"nodeType":921},{},[1976],{"data":1977,"marks":1978,"value":1980,"nodeType":867},{},[1979],{"type":910},"Browser-native ClickFix: ConsentFix",{"data":1982,"content":1983,"nodeType":883},{},[1984,1988,1996,2000,2008],{"data":1985,"marks":1986,"value":1987,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix is a fully browser-native attack that merged ClickFix-style social engineering with OAuth consent abuse, compromising accounts through a legitimate Microsoft authorization flow with no endpoint component at all. ConsentFix was ",{"data":1989,"content":1991,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1990},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-debrief/",[1992],{"data":1993,"marks":1994,"value":1995,"nodeType":867},{},[],"traced to APT29",{"data":1997,"marks":1998,"value":1999,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and has since been ",{"data":2001,"content":2003,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2002},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-v3-analyzing-a-new-toolkit/",[2004],{"data":2005,"marks":2006,"value":2007,"nodeType":867},{},[],"commercialized on criminal forums",{"data":2009,"marks":2010,"value":2011,"nodeType":867},{},[],", following the same path from state-sponsored technique to commodity criminal tooling that we've seen repeatedly in this space.",{"data":2013,"content":2014,"nodeType":883},{},[2015],{"data":2016,"marks":2017,"value":2018,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix demonstrates that the clipboard-injection mechanic can evolve into something that operates entirely within the browser, eliminating the endpoint detection surface that traditional ClickFix still exposed.",{"data":2020,"content":2021,"nodeType":921},{},[2022],{"data":2023,"marks":2024,"value":2026,"nodeType":867},{},[2025],{"type":910},"Attackers have pivoted to authorization attacks to get around login controls",{"data":2028,"content":2029,"nodeType":883},{},[2030,2034,2042],{"data":2031,"marks":2032,"value":2033,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Authorization attacks like device code phishing have seen a ",{"data":2035,"content":2037,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2036},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/device-code-phishing/",[2038],{"data":2039,"marks":2040,"value":2041,"nodeType":867},{},[],"37.5x increase",{"data":2043,"marks":2044,"value":2045,"nodeType":867},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with at least 12 distinct kits now offering the technique. It bypasses standard authentication controls — including passkeys — because the attack occurs through the OAuth device authorization flow rather than the standard login flow. ",{"data":2047,"content":2048,"nodeType":883},{},[2049],{"data":2050,"marks":2051,"value":2052,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The technique was first associated with nation-state actors like Storm-2372, but went from espionage-grade to commodity PhaaS tooling in roughly eighteen months, with kits like EvilTokens and Venom now offering turnkey device code phishing as a service.",{"data":2054,"content":2055,"nodeType":883},{},[2056],{"data":2057,"marks":2058,"value":2059,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The device code authorization is effectively performed post-authentication. If you already have an active session in your browser, entering the device code and selecting your account from a drop-down menu is all that's needed. No password or MFA required. You can see an example in the video below.",{"data":2061,"content":2065,"nodeType":892},{"target":2062},{"sys":2063},{"id":2064,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2WPb41lNRajdpt5pogQg8M",[],{"data":2067,"content":2068,"nodeType":883},{},[2069],{"data":2070,"marks":2071,"value":2072,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And the ecosystem is adapting to this opportunity: established AiTM vendors like Tycoon are adding authorization-focused options alongside their existing credential-harvesting capabilities, which points toward multi-technique platforms where operators pick the right tool for whatever defenses the target has in place.",{"data":2074,"content":2075,"nodeType":921},{},[2076],{"data":2077,"marks":2078,"value":2080,"nodeType":867},{},[2079],{"type":910},"Malicious and hacked browser extensions are one of the fastest growing threats",{"data":2082,"content":2083,"nodeType":883},{},[2084,2088,2096],{"data":2085,"marks":2086,"value":2087,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions have matured from an occasional nuisance into a scalable supply chain attack vector. The ",{"data":2089,"content":2091,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2090},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-browser-extension-risk-scoring-wont-predict-your-next-breach/",[2092],{"data":2093,"marks":2094,"value":2095,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cyberhaven compromise",{"data":2097,"marks":2098,"value":2099,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in December 2024 — where approximately 35 extensions were weaponized through a single OAuth phishing campaign targeting developers — impacted 2.6 million users and demonstrated that extension supply chain attacks can achieve the kind of reach that used to require a compromised software update server.",{"data":2101,"content":2102,"nodeType":883},{},[2103],{"data":2104,"marks":2105,"value":2106,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since Cyberhaven, the pace has only accelerated. In 2026 alone, researchers have publicly disclosed at least 250 confirmed malicious browser extensions affecting roughly 1.75 million users, alongside a further 370+ extensions engaged in undisclosed or policy-disclosed data harvesting affecting an additional 44 million users. That doesn't count the extensions from late-2025 campaigns (DarkSpectre, AITOPIA, Trust Wallet) whose impacts carried into 2026.",{"data":2108,"content":2109,"nodeType":883},{},[2110,2114,2122],{"data":2111,"marks":2112,"value":2113,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attack paths have also expanded. Beyond phishing developers for take over Web Store accounts (the Cyberhaven playbook), attackers are buying existing extensions from developers, waiting for ownership transfers or abandonments to take over, and increasingly vibe-coding their own functional extensions from scratch to build an audience that can later be weaponized. The common thread is that ",{"data":2115,"content":2116,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2090},[2117],{"data":2118,"marks":2119,"value":2121,"nodeType":867},{},[2120],{"type":876},"most malicious extensions didn't start out malicious",{"data":2123,"marks":2124,"value":2125,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — they started as legitimate tools and were turned into weapons after the fact.",{"data":2127,"content":2128,"nodeType":883},{},[2129],{"data":2130,"marks":2131,"value":2132,"nodeType":867},{},[],"None of this is happening in isolation. The threat landscape has reoriented around browser-based initial access and identity compromise — and the matrix needed to catch up.",{"data":2134,"content":2135,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2137,"content":2138,"nodeType":912},{},[2139],{"data":2140,"marks":2141,"value":2143,"nodeType":867},{},[2142],{"type":910},"The evolution is playing out in public breaches",{"data":2145,"content":2146,"nodeType":883},{},[2147],{"data":2148,"marks":2149,"value":2150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s worth reinforcing that when the SaaS matrix was first released, many of these attacks hadn’t been seen in the wild. The change today is staggering:",{"data":2152,"content":2153,"nodeType":1526},{},[2154,2176,2198,2218],{"data":2155,"content":2156,"nodeType":1505},{},[2157],{"data":2158,"content":2159,"nodeType":883},{},[2160,2164,2172],{"data":2161,"marks":2162,"value":2163,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When ",{"data":2165,"content":2167,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2166},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters/",[2168],{"data":2169,"marks":2170,"value":2171,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters",{"data":2173,"marks":2174,"value":2175,"nodeType":867},{},[]," compromised over a thousand organizations' Salesforce tenants through device code phishing, the attack started with a phone call, moved through a browser-based authorization flow for the attacker’s app, and ended with mass data exfiltration via API.",{"data":2177,"content":2178,"nodeType":1505},{},[2179],{"data":2180,"content":2181,"nodeType":883},{},[2182,2186,2194],{"data":2183,"marks":2184,"value":2185,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When the same collective launched ",{"data":2187,"content":2189,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2188},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-latest-slh-campaign/",[2190],{"data":2191,"marks":2192,"value":2193,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AiTM phishing campaigns",{"data":2195,"marks":2196,"value":2197,"nodeType":867},{},[]," targeting Okta and Entra SSO, the phishing page was operated by a human in real time and delivered over a voice call — not email.",{"data":2199,"content":2200,"nodeType":1505},{},[2201],{"data":2202,"content":2203,"nodeType":883},{},[2204,2207,2214],{"data":2205,"marks":2206,"value":2163,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":2208,"content":2209,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1963},[2210],{"data":2211,"marks":2212,"value":2213,"nodeType":867},{},[],"APT29 deployed ConsentFix",{"data":2215,"marks":2216,"value":2217,"nodeType":867},{},[]," across dozens of compromised websites, the entire attack chain was browser-native, abusing a legitimate Microsoft OAuth flow to bypass MFA without proxying a single credential.",{"data":2219,"content":2220,"nodeType":1505},{},[2221],{"data":2222,"content":2223,"nodeType":883},{},[2224,2228,2236],{"data":2225,"marks":2226,"value":2227,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The ",{"data":2229,"content":2231,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2230},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024",[2232],{"data":2233,"marks":2234,"value":2235,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Snowflake breach",{"data":2237,"marks":2238,"value":2239,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — arguably the most consequential credential-based campaign of the past several years — saw 165 organizations breached using credentials that had been sitting in infostealer dumps for years, replayed against Snowflake tenants that lacked mandatory MFA. The attack surface wasn't Snowflake's application logic; it was the identity hygiene gap that every organization carries across hundreds of apps.",{"data":2241,"content":2242,"nodeType":883},{},[2243],{"data":2244,"marks":2245,"value":2246,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And that’s just the big picture. Every month we’re tracking new public breaches involving browser and identity TTPs — which again, are just the tip of the iceberg when you consider that many breaches are settled quietly without hitting the headlines. ",{"data":2248,"content":2249,"nodeType":883},{},[2250,2254,2259],{"data":2251,"marks":2252,"value":2253,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the key drivers here is the shrinking time-to-exploit. CrowdStrike's average e-crime breakout time is down to ",{"data":2255,"marks":2256,"value":2258,"nodeType":867},{},[2257],{"type":910},"29 minutes",{"data":2260,"marks":2261,"value":2262,"nodeType":867},{},[],", with the fastest recorded at 27 seconds. When attackers can move from initial access to data exfiltration within minutes, the window for post-compromise detection collapses to near zero. The best chance of stopping the attack is at the point of initial access before the identity is compromised.",{"data":2264,"content":2265,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2267,"content":2268,"nodeType":912},{},[2269,2274,2281,2286,2292],{"data":2270,"marks":2271,"value":2273,"nodeType":867},{},[2272],{"type":910},"Sidenote: why we're looking at attacks ",{"data":2275,"marks":2276,"value":2280,"nodeType":867},{},[2277,2279],{"type":2278},"italic",{"type":910},"in",{"data":2282,"marks":2283,"value":2285,"nodeType":867},{},[2284],{"type":910}," the browser, not ",{"data":2287,"marks":2288,"value":2291,"nodeType":867},{},[2289,2290],{"type":2278},{"type":910},"on",{"data":2293,"marks":2294,"value":2296,"nodeType":867},{},[2295],{"type":910}," the browser",{"data":2298,"content":2299,"nodeType":883},{},[2300,2304,2312],{"data":2301,"marks":2302,"value":2303,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Calling this a \"browser attacks\" matrix needs clarification. We're not talking about browser exploits — RCE vulnerabilities, sandbox escapes, memory corruption bugs. Those attacks target the browser itself, they're extraordinarily expensive to develop, and they're increasingly rare. Browser zero-days hit a ",{"data":2305,"content":2307,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2306},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/2025-zero-day-review",[2308],{"data":2309,"marks":2310,"value":2311,"nodeType":867},{},[],"historic low of 9%",{"data":2313,"marks":2314,"value":2315,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of all zero-days reported to Google, and a Chrome RCE commands a $250,000 bug bounty.",{"data":2317,"content":2318,"nodeType":883},{},[2319],{"data":2320,"marks":2321,"value":2322,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In comparison, a one-year phishing kit rental costs $1,000. A bulk stolen credential list costs $15. An initial-access-broker-provided IdP admin account costs $3,000. When it costs orders of magnitude less to exploit the person using the browser than to exploit the browser itself, attackers will take the cheaper option every time.",{"data":2324,"content":2325,"nodeType":883},{},[2326],{"data":2327,"marks":2328,"value":2329,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It's worth heading off the obvious counterargument: won't AI-assisted vulnerability discovery eventually make browser exploits cheaper? Perhaps — but it will simultaneously make them easier for browser vendors to find and patch, and vendors like Google and Microsoft have the engineering capacity and financial incentive to scale AI-driven remediation far faster than attackers can scale exploit development.",{"data":2331,"content":2332,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2334,"content":2335,"nodeType":912},{},[2336],{"data":2337,"marks":2338,"value":2340,"nodeType":867},{},[2339],{"type":910},"What hasn't changed",{"data":2342,"content":2343,"nodeType":883},{},[2344,2348,2356],{"data":2345,"marks":2346,"value":2347,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The matrix remains open-source, community-maintained, and available on ",{"data":2349,"content":2351,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks",[2352],{"data":2353,"marks":2354,"value":2355,"nodeType":867},{},[],"GitHub",{"data":2357,"marks":2358,"value":2359,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The goal is the same as it was in 2023: to give offensive and defensive security teams a shared reference point for the techniques that matter most.",{"data":2361,"content":2362,"nodeType":883},{},[2363],{"data":2364,"marks":2365,"value":2366,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We built it because there was a gap in how the industry talked about these techniques, and that gap still exists — MITRE ATT&CK remains essential for endpoint and network TTPs, but the browser-based, identity-first techniques behind most modern breaches are still underrepresented in traditional frameworks.",{"data":2368,"content":2369,"nodeType":883},{},[2370],{"data":2371,"marks":2372,"value":2373,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We continue to maintain the matrix with input from red teams, detection engineers, and threat researchers across the community. Some of the most valuable additions over the past two years have come from practitioners who encountered a technique on an engagement or in an investigation and contributed it back to the repository.",{"data":2375,"content":2376,"nodeType":883},{},[2377,2381,2388],{"data":2378,"marks":2379,"value":2380,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you're an offensive security professional using these techniques on engagements, or a defender building detections against them, we want to hear from you. Submit a PR, open a discussion, or flag a technique we've missed on ",{"data":2382,"content":2384,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2383},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/browser-identity-attacks-matrix",[2385],{"data":2386,"marks":2387,"value":2355,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":2389,"marks":2390,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],".",{"data":2393,"content":2394,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2396,"content":2397,"nodeType":912},{},[2398],{"data":2399,"marks":2400,"value":2402,"nodeType":867},{},[2401],{"type":910},"Looking ahead",{"data":2404,"content":2405,"nodeType":883},{},[2406],{"data":2407,"marks":2408,"value":2409,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The pace of attacker innovation in browser-based initial access techniques over the past 18 months has been unlike anything we've tracked before — technique after technique moving from research curiosity to industrialized criminal tooling within months, not years.",{"data":2411,"content":2412,"nodeType":1526},{},[2413,2423,2433],{"data":2414,"content":2415,"nodeType":1505},{},[2416],{"data":2417,"content":2418,"nodeType":883},{},[2419],{"data":2420,"marks":2421,"value":2422,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AiTM platforms are adding authorization-based attack options alongside their credential-harvesting capabilities.",{"data":2424,"content":2425,"nodeType":1505},{},[2426],{"data":2427,"content":2428,"nodeType":883},{},[2429],{"data":2430,"marks":2431,"value":2432,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ClickFix has spawned fully browser-native variants.",{"data":2434,"content":2435,"nodeType":1505},{},[2436],{"data":2437,"content":2438,"nodeType":883},{},[2439],{"data":2440,"marks":2441,"value":2442,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AI is lowering the cost of producing convincing social engineering and phishing infrastructure at scale.",{"data":2444,"content":2445,"nodeType":883},{},[2446],{"data":2447,"marks":2448,"value":2449,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We don't see any of this slowing down, and that's exactly why thinking about these attacks as a browser problem instead of siloing them across email, endpoint, network, and cloud categories, each with a partial view of the picture (and still missing the whole when combined).",{"data":2451,"content":2452,"nodeType":883},{},[2453,2457,2464],{"data":2454,"marks":2455,"value":2456,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix is our contribution to keeping that shared understanding current. You can ",{"data":2458,"content":2459,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1154},[2460],{"data":2461,"marks":2462,"value":2463,"nodeType":867},{},[],"explore the matrix here",{"data":2465,"marks":2466,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":2468,"content":2469,"nodeType":883},{},[2470,2474,2482],{"data":2471,"marks":2472,"value":2473,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can also read our recent ",{"data":2475,"content":2477,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2476},"https://pushsecurity.com/thank-you/browser-attacks-report",[2478],{"data":2479,"marks":2480,"value":2481,"nodeType":867},{},[],"browser attack techniques report",{"data":2483,"marks":2484,"value":2485,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for more information.",{"data":2487,"content":2491,"nodeType":892},{"target":2488},{"sys":2489},{"id":2490,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1hx6sxpyEzxn4F4jc1RGQi",[],{"data":2493,"content":2494,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2496,"content":2497,"nodeType":883},{},[2498],{"data":2499,"marks":2500,"value":2501,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",{"data":2503,"content":2504,"nodeType":883},{},[2505,2509,2517],{"data":2506,"marks":2507,"value":2508,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Book a ",{"data":2510,"content":2512,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo",[2513],{"data":2514,"marks":2515,"value":2516,"nodeType":867},{},[],"live demo",{"data":2518,"marks":2519,"value":2520,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to learn more.","Introducing the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix","We're re-releasing the SaaS attack matrix as the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix. Here's why we've decided to make the change and what it means.","2026-05-08T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-the-browser-and-identity-attacks-matrix",{"items":2526},[2527,2531],{"sys":2528,"name":2530},{"id":2529},"6A5RXS31ZQx3PwryGb1IMy","Browser-based attacks",{"sys":2532,"name":342},{"id":2533},"4ksQNCFeBf8H4QIORqpRLw",{"items":2535},[2536],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":2540},"Dan Green","Dan","Threat Research",{"url":2541},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7jik1VhFgA3kgzXBXTm2Vw/fcd8c171da644903d0827eafcfbcaad0/Dan_Headshot_2025.png",{"__typename":1670,"sys":2543,"content":2545,"title":3336,"synopsis":3337,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":3338,"slug":3339,"tagsCollection":3340,"authorsCollection":3346},{"id":2544},"Gcg7PGuICrlRcqq1QFXxH",{"json":2546},{"data":2547,"content":2548,"nodeType":1569},{},[2549,2556,2563,2594,2601,2607,2613,2625,2628,2636,2652,2659,2665,2672,2679,2685,2688,2696,2703,2709,2715,2722,2729,2747,2753,2756,2764,2782,2788,2795,2798,2806,2813,2820,2826,2832,2876,2883,2886,2894,2901,2908,2951,2958,2989,2996,3039,3046,3049,3057,3076,3083,3091,3106,3113,3132,3139,3142,3148,3154,3170,3173,3181,3200,3207,3330],{"data":2550,"content":2551,"nodeType":883},{},[2552],{"data":2553,"marks":2554,"value":2555,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Shared conversations on AI chatbot platforms have become the latest delivery mechanism for malware campaigns targeting macOS and Windows users. Attackers create content on platforms like ChatGPT and Claude that appears to offer installation guidance or service updates, then drive traffic to it via search engine results in the form of malvertising and SEO poisoning.  ",{"data":2557,"content":2558,"nodeType":883},{},[2559],{"data":2560,"marks":2561,"value":2562,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The content lives on chatgpt.com or claude.ai — domains that users and security tools trust implicitly — so the attack bypasses URL reputation checks before the victim even reaches the malicious payload.",{"data":2564,"content":2565,"nodeType":883},{},[2566,2570,2578,2582,2590],{"data":2567,"marks":2568,"value":2569,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Several variants of this technique have been ",{"data":2571,"content":2573,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2572},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-abuse-google-ads-claudeai-chats-to-push-mac-malware/",[2574],{"data":2575,"marks":2576,"value":2577,"nodeType":867},{},[],"reported over the past few months",{"data":2579,"marks":2580,"value":2581,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The earliest examples used shared Claude.ai conversations disguised as installation guides — complete with fake \"Apple Support\" attribution — that walked users through opening a terminal and pasting a curl command that downloaded and executed an infostealer. ",{"data":2583,"content":2585,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2584},"https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/share-chatgpt-chat-clickfix-macos-amos-infostealer/54928/",[2586],{"data":2587,"marks":2588,"value":2589,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Kaspersky documented a parallel campaign",{"data":2591,"marks":2592,"value":2593,"nodeType":867},{},[]," using shared ChatGPT conversations to deliver the AMOS (Atomic macOS Stealer) via the same paste-this-command social engineering pattern. ",{"data":2595,"content":2596,"nodeType":883},{},[2597],{"data":2598,"marks":2599,"value":2600,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push has detected a new variant that goes beyond the previously reported technique of embedding terminal commands in shared conversations: the attacker has used ChatGPT's code rendering feature to build a fully designed fake page that mimics a ChatGPT service disruption, redirecting victims to a convincing clone of ChatGPT's download page that delivers a malicious executable. ",{"data":2602,"content":2606,"nodeType":892},{"target":2603},{"sys":2604},{"id":2605,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5lz9zt223pecGvdaqdvSTQ",[],{"data":2608,"content":2612,"nodeType":892},{"target":2609},{"sys":2610},{"id":2611,"type":889,"linkType":890},"51GomAj3VOjnbmgd1DWYu0",[],{"data":2614,"content":2615,"nodeType":883},{},[2616,2621],{"data":2617,"marks":2618,"value":2620,"nodeType":867},{},[2619],{"type":910},"This is a live campaign which is still generating detections across our customer base at the time of writing. ",{"data":2622,"marks":2623,"value":2624,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push customers are already protected and do not need to take further action. The malicious page URLs can be found at the end of this report but are not exhaustive and are liable to change. ",{"data":2626,"content":2627,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2629,"content":2630,"nodeType":912},{},[2631],{"data":2632,"marks":2633,"value":2635,"nodeType":867},{},[2634],{"type":910},"A fake page, not a fake conversation",{"data":2637,"content":2638,"nodeType":883},{},[2639,2643,2648],{"data":2640,"marks":2641,"value":2642,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Previously reported variants relied on shared ",{"data":2644,"marks":2645,"value":2647,"nodeType":867},{},[2646],{"type":2278},"conversations",{"data":2649,"marks":2650,"value":2651,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — the attacker created a chat that contained step-by-step instructions for the victim to follow, typically involving pasting a command into their terminal. The social engineering was conversational: the \"AI assistant\" appeared to be helpfully guiding the user through an installation process.",{"data":2653,"content":2654,"nodeType":883},{},[2655],{"data":2656,"marks":2657,"value":2658,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But now, rather than a shared conversation, the attacker has used ChatGPT's code rendering feature to create a fully designed, self-contained web page hosted at a chatgpt.com/s/ URL. It renders as what appears to be a ChatGPT service disruption notice:",{"data":2660,"content":2664,"nodeType":892},{"target":2661},{"sys":2662},{"id":2663,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1O9gyQab81SnbxhQp2aa5Z",[],{"data":2666,"content":2667,"nodeType":883},{},[2668],{"data":2669,"marks":2670,"value":2671,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A professional-looking error message reads: \"We're experiencing high traffic right now. Our website is temporarily unavailable due to a large number of users. Download our desktop app to continue.\" A prominent download button sits below.",{"data":2673,"content":2674,"nodeType":883},{},[2675],{"data":2676,"marks":2677,"value":2678,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The \"Show code\" toggle at the top of the page reveals what's actually happening — the entire thing is custom HTML and CSS, authored to mimic a ChatGPT system notice, rendered using ChatGPT's code output feature. A web page inside a web page, hosted on a domain that every URL reputation system in the world considers safe.",{"data":2680,"content":2684,"nodeType":892},{"target":2681},{"sys":2682},{"id":2683,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4kQTfxB3aVH9W9BeYOuljP",[],{"data":2686,"content":2687,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2689,"content":2690,"nodeType":912},{},[2691],{"data":2692,"marks":2693,"value":2695,"nodeType":867},{},[2694],{"type":910},"The download page",{"data":2697,"content":2698,"nodeType":883},{},[2699],{"data":2700,"marks":2701,"value":2702,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Clicking the download button redirects the user to openew[.]app, which presents a convincing clone of ChatGPT's official desktop application download page — complete with OpenAI branding, macOS and Windows download buttons, a Chrome extension link, and a mobile download section.",{"data":2704,"content":2708,"nodeType":892},{"target":2705},{"sys":2706},{"id":2707,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4MdFc4OB37ZihTGx506QJ6",[],{"data":2710,"content":2714,"nodeType":892},{"target":2711},{"sys":2712},{"id":2713,"type":889,"linkType":890},"LaPUy0zpIeY8s4PF2wkat",[],{"data":2716,"content":2717,"nodeType":883},{},[2718],{"data":2719,"marks":2720,"value":2721,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The site also displays differently depending on who visits it. When Push researchers examined the URL via URLScan, the scanner was redirected to a different page entirely — a generic AR/VR company website with no obvious connection to ChatGPT. ",{"data":2723,"content":2724,"nodeType":883},{},[2725],{"data":2726,"marks":2727,"value":2728,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Real users in a browser see the fake download page; automated scanners and bots see something benign. This kind of conditional rendering is a well-established evasion technique in the malvertising ecosystem, and it makes the malicious infrastructure harder for security teams and threat intelligence services to identify and analyze.",{"data":2730,"content":2731,"nodeType":883},{},[2732,2736,2744],{"data":2733,"marks":2734,"value":2735,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The downloaded executable poses as \"ChatGPT for Desktop\" and is ",{"data":2737,"content":2739,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2738},"https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",[2740],{"data":2741,"marks":2742,"value":2743,"nodeType":867},{},[],"flagged on VirusTotal",{"data":2745,"marks":2746,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":2748,"content":2752,"nodeType":892},{"target":2749},{"sys":2750},{"id":2751,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3FSbwoFJYQrcyo9uMsQIWI",[],{"data":2754,"content":2755,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2757,"content":2758,"nodeType":912},{},[2759],{"data":2760,"marks":2761,"value":2763,"nodeType":867},{},[2762],{"type":910},"The Claude variant: same campaign, different platform",{"data":2765,"content":2766,"nodeType":883},{},[2767,2771,2778],{"data":2768,"marks":2769,"value":2770,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Alongside the ChatGPT rendered-page variant, Push has also detected the previously reported style of attack using shared Claude.ai conversations. These follow the pattern documented by ",{"data":2772,"content":2773,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2572},[2774],{"data":2775,"marks":2776,"value":2777,"nodeType":867},{},[],"BleepingComputer",{"data":2779,"marks":2780,"value":2781,"nodeType":867},{},[],": a shared chat disguised as a \"Claude Code on Mac\" installation guide, attributed to \"Apple Support,\" containing a curl command that downloads and executes malware.",{"data":2783,"content":2787,"nodeType":892},{"target":2784},{"sys":2785},{"id":2786,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5sWayuTsVdiLSLoS4sv2Vc",[],{"data":2789,"content":2790,"nodeType":883},{},[2791],{"data":2792,"marks":2793,"value":2794,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The fact that both the ChatGPT and Claude variants are appearing in Push customer environments suggests a campaign — or at least a shared playbook — that is actively experimenting with different platforms and different social engineering approaches to find what converts best.",{"data":2796,"content":2797,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2799,"content":2800,"nodeType":912},{},[2801],{"data":2802,"marks":2803,"value":2805,"nodeType":867},{},[2804],{"type":910},"Malvertising remains one of the top phishing delivery channels",{"data":2807,"content":2808,"nodeType":883},{},[2809],{"data":2810,"marks":2811,"value":2812,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push has detected this variant across multiple customer environments, with users arriving at these shared chat URLs after searching for terms including \"chatgpt,\" \"chatgpt free,\" \"chat gpt,\" and common typos like \"chatgo,\" \"chatgot,\" and \"cvhatgpt.\" ",{"data":2814,"content":2815,"nodeType":883},{},[2816],{"data":2817,"marks":2818,"value":2819,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can see an example of this below: it's incredibly convincing, and uses the real ChatGPT domain — so even users that are paying attention are liable to fall for it. ",{"data":2821,"content":2825,"nodeType":892},{"target":2822},{"sys":2823},{"id":2824,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1GYWOyHpZT1rdTm6IGOKu8",[],{"data":2827,"content":2831,"nodeType":892},{"target":2828},{"sys":2829},{"id":2830,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4HpFJRAZH2lbygaEk2xOnN",[],{"data":2833,"content":2834,"nodeType":883},{},[2835,2839,2847,2851,2859,2863,2872],{"data":2836,"marks":2837,"value":2838,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This fits a pattern Push has tracked extensively. ",{"data":2840,"content":2842,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2841},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review/",[2843],{"data":2844,"marks":2845,"value":2846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Search-based delivery is now the dominant channel for malware distribution",{"data":2848,"marks":2849,"value":2850,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — our own data shows that ClickFix attacks are reached via search results rather than email in 4 of 5 cases, and Push's own research into ",{"data":2852,"content":2854,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2853},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack/",[2855],{"data":2856,"marks":2857,"value":2858,"nodeType":867},{},[],"malvertising campaigns impersonating brands like TradingView",{"data":2860,"marks":2861,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and ",{"data":2864,"content":2866,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2865},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/google-search-malvertising-campaign-continues-now-impersonating-ahrefs/",[2867],{"data":2868,"marks":2869,"value":2871,"nodeType":867},{},[2870],{"type":876},"Ahrefs",{"data":2873,"marks":2874,"value":2875,"nodeType":867},{},[]," has demonstrated how effectively search ads can funnel victims to malicious pages. ",{"data":2877,"content":2878,"nodeType":883},{},[2879],{"data":2880,"marks":2881,"value":2882,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The shared-chat technique adds a new dimension: the destination URL itself is genuine (chatgpt.com, claude.ai), which means even a cautious user who checks the URL before clicking will see nothing suspicious.",{"data":2884,"content":2885,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":2887,"content":2888,"nodeType":912},{},[2889],{"data":2890,"marks":2891,"value":2893,"nodeType":867},{},[2892],{"type":910},"Legitimate platform abuse is everywhere",{"data":2895,"content":2896,"nodeType":883},{},[2897],{"data":2898,"marks":2899,"value":2900,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is one example of a much broader pattern that has become one of the defining characteristics of the 2026 threat landscape: attackers systematically abusing legitimate platforms as attack infrastructure. The scale and variety of this abuse in recent months alone is striking, and it spans every stage of the phishing chain.",{"data":2902,"content":2903,"nodeType":921},{},[2904],{"data":2905,"marks":2906,"value":2907,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for delivery",{"data":2909,"content":2910,"nodeType":883},{},[2911,2915,2923,2927,2935,2939,2947],{"data":2912,"marks":2913,"value":2914,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the delivery side, attackers have been ",{"data":2916,"content":2918,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2917},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/amazon-ses-increasingly-abused-in-phishing-to-evade-detection/",[2919],{"data":2920,"marks":2921,"value":2922,"nodeType":867},{},[],"weaponizing stolen AWS credentials to send phishing through Amazon SES",{"data":2924,"marks":2925,"value":2926,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that passes SPF, DKIM, and DMARC validation because SES is a legitimate Amazon service. A Vietnamese operation dubbed ",{"data":2928,"content":2930,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2929},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/05/30000-facebook-accounts-hacked-via.html",[2931],{"data":2932,"marks":2933,"value":2934,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AccountDumpling used Google AppSheet's built-in email capability",{"data":2936,"marks":2937,"value":2938,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as a phishing relay to harvest 30,000 Facebook credentials. ",{"data":2940,"content":2942,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2941},"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/scammers-are-abusing-an-internal-microsoft-account-to-send-spam/",[2943],{"data":2944,"marks":2945,"value":2946,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scammers exploited Microsoft's own internal notification pipeline",{"data":2948,"marks":2949,"value":2950,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — sending phishing from the same msonlineservicesteam@microsoftonline.com address that delivers legitimate 2FA codes — with Spamhaus confirming months of ongoing abuse.",{"data":2952,"content":2953,"nodeType":921},{},[2954],{"data":2955,"marks":2956,"value":2957,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for hosting",{"data":2959,"content":2960,"nodeType":883},{},[2961,2965,2973,2977,2985],{"data":2962,"marks":2963,"value":2964,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For hosting, the platforms being abused read like a who's who of modern web infrastructure. ",{"data":2966,"content":2968,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2967},"https://www.securityweek.com/over-500-organizations-hit-in-years-long-phishing-campaign/",[2969],{"data":2970,"marks":2971,"value":2972,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Operation HookedWing ran for four years",{"data":2974,"marks":2975,"value":2976,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on GitHub Pages and Vercel, compromising 500+ organizations across more than 100 GitHub Pages domains before anyone documented it publicly. Cofense has separately ",{"data":2978,"content":2980,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2979},"https://cofense.com/blog/steal-smarter-not-harder-malicious-use-of-vercel-for-credential-phishing/",[2981],{"data":2982,"marks":2983,"value":2984,"nodeType":867},{},[],"documented the growing abuse of Vercel",{"data":2986,"marks":2987,"value":2988,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for credential phishing hosting. Pixm's Q1 2026 phishing report tracked over 100 unique Azure Blob Storage subdomain variants hosting phishing content that carried Microsoft's own domain reputation, alongside abuse of Cloudflare CDN, Cloudflare Workers, Cloudflare R2, Backblaze B2, and Supabase. ",{"data":2990,"content":2991,"nodeType":921},{},[2992],{"data":2993,"marks":2994,"value":2995,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Abuse of compromised websites that are otherwise legit",{"data":2997,"content":2998,"nodeType":883},{},[2999,3003,3011,3015,3023,3027,3035],{"data":3000,"marks":3001,"value":3002,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Compromised legitimate sites are also being repurposed at scale. A mass exploitation of a ",{"data":3004,"content":3006,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3005},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ghost-cms-sql-injection-flaw-exploited-in-large-scale-clickfix-campaign/",[3007],{"data":3008,"marks":3009,"value":3010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost CMS vulnerability planted ClickFix pages across 700+ websites",{"data":3012,"marks":3013,"value":3014,"nodeType":867},{},[]," including Harvard, Oxford, and DuckDuckGo subdomains. Microsoft recently documented a campaign where ",{"data":3016,"content":3018,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3017},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/05/26/poisoned-search-results-gpu-mining-cryptojacking-campaign-abusing-screenconnect-microsoft-net-utilities/",[3019],{"data":3020,"marks":3021,"value":3022,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SEO poisoning was combined with AI chatbot recommendation manipulation",{"data":3024,"marks":3025,"value":3026,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to deliver GPU mining malware — extending the poisoning from traditional search results into AI-generated software recommendations. And ",{"data":3028,"content":3030,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3029},"https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2026/05/27/deno-rat-malware-fake-chatgpt-claude-installers/",[3031],{"data":3032,"marks":3033,"value":3034,"nodeType":867},{},[],"fake ChatGPT and Claude installers on GitHub and SourceForge",{"data":3036,"marks":3037,"value":3038,"nodeType":867},{},[]," have been delivering the DinDoor backdoor and a Deno-based RAT via repositories that mimic legitimate developer tool distributions.",{"data":3040,"content":3041,"nodeType":883},{},[3042],{"data":3043,"marks":3044,"value":3045,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The structural problem is that every one of these platforms is genuinely legitimate, and the security controls that evaluate them — domain reputation, email authentication, URL categorization — confirm them as trusted because they are trusted. This attack extends this pattern into new territory by weaponizing the content-sharing features of AI chatbot platforms specifically, but the underlying principles are the same. ",{"data":3047,"content":3048,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":3050,"content":3051,"nodeType":912},{},[3052],{"data":3053,"marks":3054,"value":3056,"nodeType":867},{},[3055],{"type":910},"Impact analysis",{"data":3058,"content":3059,"nodeType":883},{},[3060,3064,3072],{"data":3061,"marks":3062,"value":3063,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Shared-chat malware delivery exploits a structural property of AI platforms that traditional security controls aren't designed to handle. Domain reputation, URL categorization, and safe browsing databases all treat chatgpt.com and claude.ai as trusted — because they are. Using these trusted pages to link off to further convincing-looking pages hosting malware allows the attacker to run campaigns that blend in, as well as rotate the phishing delivery pages later in the chain should they ever be flagged, allowing the campaign to continue without interruption (a well known ",{"data":3065,"content":3067,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3066},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/",[3068],{"data":3069,"marks":3070,"value":3071,"nodeType":867},{},[],"detection evasion technique",{"data":3073,"marks":3074,"value":3075,"nodeType":867},{},[],"). ",{"data":3077,"content":3078,"nodeType":883},{},[3079],{"data":3080,"marks":3081,"value":3082,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What makes the rendered-page variant particularly concerning is that it eliminates the most obvious red flag in the earlier attacks. The Claude.ai conversation variants required the victim to recognize that a shared chat instructing them to paste terminal commands might be suspicious — a tall order for many users, but at least the attack surface was visible. The rendered-page variant shows nothing that looks like an attack. It presents what appears to be a routine service disruption with a reasonable call to action: download the desktop app to continue using ChatGPT. ",{"data":3084,"content":3085,"nodeType":921},{},[3086],{"data":3087,"marks":3088,"value":3090,"nodeType":867},{},[3089],{"type":910},"How Push detected the attack",{"data":3092,"content":3093,"nodeType":883},{},[3094,3098,3102],{"data":3095,"marks":3096,"value":3097,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We've aligned our detection logic for this technique under the name ",{"data":3099,"marks":3100,"value":1244,"nodeType":867},{},[3101],{"type":910},{"data":3103,"marks":3104,"value":3105,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — a technique-level detection that covers shared content abuse across LLM platforms, not tied to any single campaign or set of IOCs. ",{"data":3107,"content":3108,"nodeType":883},{},[3109],{"data":3110,"marks":3111,"value":3112,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because Push sees the full context of how a user arrived at a page and what that page does once it renders, we can identify LLMShare attacks regardless of which AI platform is being abused or what social engineering wrapper the attacker has chosen. ",{"data":3114,"content":3115,"nodeType":883},{},[3116,3120,3128],{"data":3117,"marks":3118,"value":3119,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we identified the initial instances of this campaign, we used our ",{"data":3121,"content":3123,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3122},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline/",[3124],{"data":3125,"marks":3126,"value":3127,"nodeType":867},{},[],"agentic threat hunting pipeline",{"data":3129,"marks":3130,"value":3131,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to hunt for additional examples across our customer telemetry, develop the LLMShare detection, and rapidly deploy it to customers. Push blocks users from interacting with the page before any malicious activity can occur. ",{"data":3133,"content":3134,"nodeType":883},{},[3135],{"data":3136,"marks":3137,"value":3138,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push customers do not need to take any further action.",{"data":3140,"content":3141,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":3143,"content":3144,"nodeType":883},{},[3145],{"data":3146,"marks":3147,"value":1543,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":3149,"content":3150,"nodeType":883},{},[3151],{"data":3152,"marks":3153,"value":1550,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":3155,"content":3156,"nodeType":883},{},[3157,3160,3167],{"data":3158,"marks":3159,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":3161,"content":3162,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[3163],{"data":3164,"marks":3165,"value":1565,"nodeType":867},{},[3166],{"type":876},{"data":3168,"marks":3169,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":3171,"content":3172,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":3174,"content":3175,"nodeType":912},{},[3176],{"data":3177,"marks":3178,"value":3180,"nodeType":867},{},[3179],{"type":910},"Indicators of compromise",{"data":3182,"content":3183,"nodeType":883},{},[3184,3188,3196],{"data":3185,"marks":3186,"value":3187,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we always say, short-lived IoCs are of limited value when tackling modern phishing attacks due to the rate at which attackers are able to ",{"data":3189,"content":3191,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3190},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/domain-rotation-redirection/",[3192],{"data":3193,"marks":3194,"value":3195,"nodeType":867},{},[],"quickly spin up and rotate the sites used",{"data":3197,"marks":3198,"value":3199,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in the attack chain. IoC-based detections for campaigns like this are of limited value.",{"data":3201,"content":3202,"nodeType":883},{},[3203],{"data":3204,"marks":3205,"value":3206,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At the time of writing, the indicators observed were:",{"data":3208,"content":3209,"nodeType":3329},{},[3210,3237,3261,3283,3306],{"data":3211,"content":3212,"nodeType":3236},{},[3213,3225],{"data":3214,"content":3215,"nodeType":3224},{},[3216],{"data":3217,"content":3218,"nodeType":883},{},[3219],{"data":3220,"marks":3221,"value":3223,"nodeType":867},{},[3222],{"type":910},"Indicator","table-header-cell",{"data":3226,"content":3227,"nodeType":3224},{},[3228],{"data":3229,"content":3230,"nodeType":883},{},[3231],{"data":3232,"marks":3233,"value":3235,"nodeType":867},{},[3234],{"type":910},"Type","table-row",{"data":3238,"content":3239,"nodeType":3236},{},[3240,3251],{"data":3241,"content":3242,"nodeType":3250},{},[3243],{"data":3244,"content":3245,"nodeType":883},{},[3246],{"data":3247,"marks":3248,"value":3249,"nodeType":867},{},[],"hxxps://claude[.]ai/share/8e6401b5-4849-46c4-a3cb-29e1c3c49131","table-cell",{"data":3252,"content":3253,"nodeType":3250},{},[3254],{"data":3255,"content":3256,"nodeType":883},{},[3257],{"data":3258,"marks":3259,"value":3260,"nodeType":867},{},[],"URL",{"data":3262,"content":3263,"nodeType":3236},{},[3264,3274],{"data":3265,"content":3266,"nodeType":3250},{},[3267],{"data":3268,"content":3269,"nodeType":883},{},[3270],{"data":3271,"marks":3272,"value":3273,"nodeType":867},{},[],"hxxps://chatgpt[.]com/s/cb_6a0f1e6bbec88191aa7fede27163f08d",{"data":3275,"content":3276,"nodeType":3250},{},[3277],{"data":3278,"content":3279,"nodeType":883},{},[3280],{"data":3281,"marks":3282,"value":3260,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":3284,"content":3285,"nodeType":3236},{},[3286,3296],{"data":3287,"content":3288,"nodeType":3250},{},[3289],{"data":3290,"content":3291,"nodeType":883},{},[3292],{"data":3293,"marks":3294,"value":3295,"nodeType":867},{},[],"openew[.]app",{"data":3297,"content":3298,"nodeType":3250},{},[3299],{"data":3300,"content":3301,"nodeType":883},{},[3302],{"data":3303,"marks":3304,"value":3305,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Domain",{"data":3307,"content":3308,"nodeType":3236},{},[3309,3319],{"data":3310,"content":3311,"nodeType":3250},{},[3312],{"data":3313,"content":3314,"nodeType":883},{},[3315],{"data":3316,"marks":3317,"value":3318,"nodeType":867},{},[],"de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",{"data":3320,"content":3321,"nodeType":3250},{},[3322],{"data":3323,"content":3324,"nodeType":883},{},[3325],{"data":3326,"marks":3327,"value":3328,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SHA256","table",{"data":3331,"content":3332,"nodeType":883},{},[3333],{"data":3334,"marks":3335,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"LLMShare: how attackers are turning AI chatbot pages into malware delivery platforms","How attackers are using shared content features on AI chatbot platforms to deliver malware via pages hosted on legitimate domains, sent via malvertising.","2026-05-29T00:00:00.000Z","llmshare-malvertising-campaign",{"items":3341},[3342,3344],{"sys":3343,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":3345,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":3347},[3348],{"fullName":3349,"firstName":3350,"jobTitle":3351,"profilePicture":3352},"Keanu Maharaj","Keanu","Senior Security Researcher",{"url":3353},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/VCGOm62jiocjwngWTh32U/e9a30637b1c76bf988d2fec90f5b6c36/1689361049351_1.png",{"__typename":1670,"sys":3355,"content":3357,"title":4115,"synopsis":4116,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":4117,"slug":4118,"tagsCollection":4119,"authorsCollection":4125},{"id":3356},"5RDOpmzJolwT1hk0fNIxzf",{"json":3358},{"data":3359,"content":3360,"nodeType":1569},{},[3361,3380,3386,3393,3400,3403,3411,3430,3449,3456,3462,3469,3475,3482,3490,3497,3515,3546,3552,3558,3566,3573,3591,3621,3653,3660,3666,3674,3681,3692,3699,3740,3746,3786,3823,3829,3832,3840,3847,3853,3860,3867,3873,3880,3887,3915,3918,3926,3933,3941,3948,3955,3974,3981,3987,3994,4002,4009,4026,4033,4051,4054,4062,4069,4076,4083,4086,4092,4098],{"data":3362,"content":3363,"nodeType":883},{},[3364,3368,3376],{"data":3365,"marks":3366,"value":3367,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Back in 2024, we wrote about ",{"data":3369,"content":3371,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3370},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters/",[3372],{"data":3373,"marks":3374,"value":3375,"nodeType":867},{},[],"how the Pyramid of Pain shapes Push's detection philosophy",{"data":3377,"marks":3378,"value":3379,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — detections targeting indicators that are easy for attackers to change deliver diminishing returns, while detections targeting attacker techniques impose a cost that's hard to absorb. Two years on, every force that made IoC-based detection fragile has intensified.",{"data":3381,"content":3385,"nodeType":892},{"target":3382},{"sys":3383},{"id":3384,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1iuLYxwI8T1wDUIFSom0G0",[],{"data":3387,"content":3388,"nodeType":883},{},[3389],{"data":3390,"marks":3391,"value":3392,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AI hasn't introduced a new problem so much as it's compressed the timelines on an existing one — attackers can generate infrastructure, iterate on tooling, and industrialize newly discovered techniques faster than before. The bottom layers of the Pyramid are collapsing under the weight of machine-speed operations, and the middle layers are starting to buckle too.",{"data":3394,"content":3395,"nodeType":883},{},[3396],{"data":3397,"marks":3398,"value":3399,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These changes mean that technique-level detection is more important than ever. In this article, we’ll dig into how the Pyramid is changing, and what this means for our detection philosophy at Push (TL;DR — it reinforces the path we’re already on: building detections at the top of the Pyramid by harnessing browser visibility). ",{"data":3401,"content":3402,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":3404,"content":3405,"nodeType":912},{},[3406],{"data":3407,"marks":3408,"value":3410,"nodeType":867},{},[3409],{"type":910},"The bottom of the Pyramid was already crumbling",{"data":3412,"content":3413,"nodeType":883},{},[3414,3418,3426],{"data":3415,"marks":3416,"value":3417,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The case against indicator-based detection didn't need AI to be compelling. ",{"data":3419,"content":3421,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3420},"https://www.spamhaus.org/",[3422],{"data":3423,"marks":3424,"value":3425,"nodeType":867},{},[],"89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days",{"data":3427,"marks":3428,"value":3429,"nodeType":867},{},[],", with just 6.5% surviving past 15 days — by the time a domain makes it onto a blocklist, the campaign has moved on.",{"data":3431,"content":3432,"nodeType":883},{},[3433,3437,3445],{"data":3434,"marks":3435,"value":3436,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We've ",{"data":3438,"content":3440,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3439},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-most-phishing-attacks-feel-like-a-zero-day/",[3441],{"data":3442,"marks":3443,"value":3444,"nodeType":867},{},[],"written before",{"data":3446,"marks":3447,"value":3448,"nodeType":867},{},[]," about how this makes every phishing attack effectively a zero-day for organizations relying on known-bad detection. The phishing kit's behavior — its page structure, script signatures, malicious payload mechanics — is the only detection target that outlasts a single campaign.",{"data":3450,"content":3451,"nodeType":883},{},[3452],{"data":3453,"marks":3454,"value":3455,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we blogged about the Pyramid of Pain for modern attacks that happen predominantly over the internet, with minimal (or zero) endpoint contact, it first looked like this: ",{"data":3457,"content":3461,"nodeType":892},{"target":3458},{"sys":3459},{"id":3460,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2N04ycJ6RKGfHdX5X1TwU3",[],{"data":3463,"content":3464,"nodeType":883},{},[3465],{"data":3466,"marks":3467,"value":3468,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now, it looks more like this:",{"data":3470,"content":3474,"nodeType":892},{"target":3471},{"sys":3472},{"id":3473,"type":889,"linkType":890},"mfhP4WToOQkrHnVkXU0tX",[],{"data":3476,"content":3477,"nodeType":883},{},[3478],{"data":3479,"marks":3480,"value":3481,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s explore why. ",{"data":3483,"content":3484,"nodeType":921},{},[3485],{"data":3486,"marks":3487,"value":3489,"nodeType":867},{},[3488],{"type":910},"AI is accelerating phishing rotation and delivery",{"data":3491,"content":3492,"nodeType":883},{},[3493],{"data":3494,"marks":3495,"value":3496,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers are harnessing AI at every stage, speeding up the process of creating, rotating, and replacing phishing infrastructure at every level, as well as capitalizing on AI adoption itself to enhance their lures. The operational signature is more domains, shorter lifespans, more variation, and fewer of the reuse patterns that blocklists depend on.",{"data":3498,"content":3499,"nodeType":883},{},[3500,3504,3511],{"data":3501,"marks":3502,"value":3503,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers can ",{"data":3505,"content":3506,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3122},[3507],{"data":3508,"marks":3509,"value":3510,"nodeType":867},{},[],"vibe-code entire phishing pages in minutes",{"data":3512,"marks":3513,"value":3514,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — not just cloning legitimate login pages but vibe-cloning them, feeding an AI a screenshot and having it rebuild a convincing frontend with a completely unique backend. ",{"data":3516,"content":3517,"nodeType":883},{},[3518,3522,3530,3534,3542],{"data":3519,"marks":3520,"value":3521,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We've seen attackers clone free SaaS tools like background removers and PDF converters, then inject phishing components or ClickFix payloads into what looks like a functional utility. We’ve even seen attackers distributing malware using AI-generated pages shared using ",{"data":3523,"content":3524,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1238},[3525],{"data":3526,"marks":3527,"value":3529,"nodeType":867},{},[3528],{"type":876},"LLM tool sharing functionality",{"data":3531,"marks":3532,"value":3533,"nodeType":867},{},[],", resulting in phishing delivery pages hosted on real claude.ai and chatgpt.com. And legitimate cloud platforms like ",{"data":3535,"content":3537,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3536},"https://www.huntress.com/blog/railway-paas-m365-token-replay-campaign",[3538],{"data":3539,"marks":3540,"value":3541,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Railway",{"data":3543,"marks":3544,"value":3545,"nodeType":867},{},[],", Cloudflare Workers, and Vercel host and dynamically rotate attack infrastructure, so the domains feeding into blocklists often belong to reputable services that can't simply be blocked. ",{"data":3547,"content":3551,"nodeType":892},{"target":3548},{"sys":3549},{"id":3550,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5yoLmqysyQazfzLITCUTfc",[],{"data":3553,"content":3557,"nodeType":892},{"target":3554},{"sys":3555},{"id":3556,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5XK5qZMQU19xlA8L2T5y0Z",[],{"data":3559,"content":3560,"nodeType":921},{},[3561],{"data":3562,"marks":3563,"value":3565,"nodeType":867},{},[3564],{"type":910},"The kit ecosystem is fragmenting faster than anyone can track",{"data":3567,"content":3568,"nodeType":883},{},[3569],{"data":3570,"marks":3571,"value":3572,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What we see across our install base is a huge and growing variation in phishing kits — new kits, derivative kits of known platforms, derivatives of those derivatives — appearing on a weekly basis.",{"data":3574,"content":3575,"nodeType":883},{},[3576,3580,3587],{"data":3577,"marks":3578,"value":3579,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we reported in our ",{"data":3581,"content":3582,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2476},[3583],{"data":3584,"marks":3585,"value":3586,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Browser Attacks Report",{"data":3588,"marks":3589,"value":3590,"nodeType":867},{},[],", the most common AiTM kits we detected over the last year were Tycoon 2FA (59% of detections), followed by Sneaky 2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx (nominally a red team tool, but widely abused by attackers), NakedPages, Gabagool, and dozens more — but those established names are just the visible layer.",{"data":3592,"content":3593,"nodeType":883},{},[3594,3598,3606,3610,3617],{"data":3595,"marks":3596,"value":3597,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Code is forked, modified, and redeployed across kits in a pattern that ",{"data":3599,"content":3601,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3600},"https://blog.barracuda.com/2026/04/16/threat-spotlight-tycoon-2fa-scattered-everywhere",[3602],{"data":3603,"marks":3604,"value":3605,"nodeType":867},{},[],"resembles open-source development",{"data":3607,"marks":3608,"value":3609,"nodeType":867},{},[]," more than traditional criminal enterprise, and the rate at which new variants appear is accelerating. The ",{"data":3611,"content":3612,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2036},[3613],{"data":3614,"marks":3615,"value":3616,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Venom kit",{"data":3618,"marks":3619,"value":3620,"nodeType":867},{},[]," reuses Sneaky 2FA's AiTM infrastructure but carries different branding and adds device code phishing — whether it's the same developers, stolen code, or a deliberate fork is unclear.",{"data":3622,"content":3623,"nodeType":883},{},[3624,3628,3636,3640,3649],{"data":3625,"marks":3626,"value":3627,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Tycoon 2FA illustrates the scale of the evolution. The kit evolves continuously, addingnew capabilities, new evasion techniques, and hybridizing with other platforms. Even when Sekoia and Microsoft seized 330+ Tycoon domains in March 2026, the techniques it popularized were already embedded across competitors, and the slack was taken up by rival platforms within days. And in any case, Tycoon was back to ",{"data":3629,"content":3631,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3630},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/tycoon2fa-phishing-as-a-service-platform-persists-following-takedown/",[3632],{"data":3633,"marks":3634,"value":3635,"nodeType":867},{},[],"normal levels of operation",{"data":3637,"marks":3638,"value":3639,"nodeType":867},{},[]," shortly after. It has also been observed ",{"data":3641,"content":3643,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3642},"https://www.okta.com/en-nl/blog/threat-intelligence/tycoon_2fa_phishing_actors_scatter/",[3644],{"data":3645,"marks":3646,"value":3648,"nodeType":867},{},[3647],{"type":876},"pivoting to add new device code phishing capabilities",{"data":3650,"marks":3651,"value":3652,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (more on that below). ",{"data":3654,"content":3655,"nodeType":883},{},[3656],{"data":3657,"marks":3658,"value":3659,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Tear one down and there are many more to take its place — and meanwhile the original is already evolving into something new.",{"data":3661,"content":3665,"nodeType":892},{"target":3662},{"sys":3663},{"id":3664,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3UDzUCCizPJhXp3SsoZuSK",[],{"data":3667,"content":3668,"nodeType":921},{},[3669],{"data":3670,"marks":3671,"value":3673,"nodeType":867},{},[3672],{"type":910},"New techniques are being industrialized faster than ever",{"data":3675,"content":3676,"nodeType":883},{},[3677],{"data":3678,"marks":3679,"value":3680,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As well as the fragmentation of existing kits, we’re seeing new techniques added at an accelerating rate. ",{"data":3682,"content":3683,"nodeType":883},{},[3684,3688],{"data":3685,"marks":3686,"value":360,"nodeType":867},{},[3687],{"type":910},{"data":3689,"marks":3690,"value":3691,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is the clearest case study. From early nation state adoption in 2024, it took until 2026 for criminal adoption to really take off, but the take-up this year is unprecedented. The EvilTokens kit packaged device code phishing into a PhaaS offering with GPT-powered spear-phishing and adaptive landing pages, hitting 340+ organizations across five countries in March 2026. ",{"data":3693,"content":3694,"nodeType":883},{},[3695],{"data":3696,"marks":3697,"value":3698,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now, device code functionality is now a core phish kit component. We’re tracking 18+ kits with device code phishing capabilities and a 37.5x increase in device code phishing detections this year alone, with the technique moving from state-sponsored exclusivity to something any PhaaS customer can rent.",{"data":3700,"content":3701,"nodeType":883},{},[3702,3706,3714,3718,3723,3727,3736],{"data":3703,"marks":3704,"value":3705,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similarly, when we ",{"data":3707,"content":3709,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3708},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/inside-criminal-phishing-panel",[3710],{"data":3711,"marks":3712,"value":3713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"infiltrated Doko's Panel",{"data":3715,"marks":3716,"value":3717,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — a ",{"data":3719,"marks":3720,"value":3722,"nodeType":867},{},[3721],{"type":910},"real-time vishing and AiTM platform",{"data":3724,"marks":3725,"value":3726,"nodeType":867},{},[]," used by ShinyHunters and affiliated groups — the codebase was full of LLM-generated artifacts. Multiple groups were using the templated vishing panel and spinning up their own variants, but the AI-generated indicators persisted throughout. This approach to real-time vishing + browser payload has been a ",{"data":3728,"content":3730,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3729},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach/",[3731],{"data":3732,"marks":3733,"value":3735,"nodeType":867},{},[3734],{"type":876},"mainstay of the Com affiliates like ShinyHunters this year",{"data":3737,"marks":3738,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],". ",{"data":3741,"content":3745,"nodeType":892},{"target":3742},{"sys":3743},{"id":3744,"type":889,"linkType":890},"01mOiserRBXraawXwQyJNm",[],{"data":3747,"content":3748,"nodeType":883},{},[3749,3753,3757,3761,3770,3774,3782],{"data":3750,"marks":3751,"value":3752,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The broader ",{"data":3754,"marks":3755,"value":315,"nodeType":867},{},[3756],{"type":910},{"data":3758,"marks":3759,"value":3760,"nodeType":867},{},[]," family shows the same acceleration: First reported in early 2024 and adopted by four nation-state groups within a single quarter. Fast forward and ",{"data":3762,"content":3764,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3763},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/global-threat-report/",[3765],{"data":3766,"marks":3767,"value":3769,"nodeType":867},{},[3768],{"type":876},"CrowdStrike's data",{"data":3771,"marks":3772,"value":3773,"nodeType":867},{},[]," shows a 563% increase in fake CAPTCHA incidents (one of the more common ClickFix lure types), while ",{"data":3775,"content":3776,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1897},[3777],{"data":3778,"marks":3779,"value":3781,"nodeType":867},{},[3780],{"type":876},"Microsoft reported",{"data":3783,"marks":3784,"value":3785,"nodeType":867},{},[]," it as making up 47% of observed attacks according to their Digital Defense Report.",{"data":3787,"content":3788,"nodeType":883},{},[3789,3793,3797,3801,3808,3812,3819],{"data":3790,"marks":3791,"value":3792,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And ",{"data":3794,"marks":3795,"value":1968,"nodeType":867},{},[3796],{"type":910},{"data":3798,"marks":3799,"value":3800,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — a combination of ClickFix and OAuth consent phishing techniques — suggests the next compression is already underway. Push researchers ",{"data":3802,"content":3803,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1963},[3804],{"data":3805,"marks":3806,"value":3807,"nodeType":867},{},[],"discovered the technique",{"data":3809,"marks":3810,"value":3811,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in December 2025 — a browser-native ClickFix variant hijacking OAuth consent grants via Azure CLI's localhost redirect. It was later confirmed to be tied to APT29. By January 2026, a ",{"data":3813,"content":3814,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2002},[3815],{"data":3816,"marks":3817,"value":3818,"nodeType":867},{},[],"criminal ConsentFix v3 toolkit",{"data":3820,"marks":3821,"value":3822,"nodeType":867},{},[]," had appeared on the XSS forum with Cloudflare Workers, ZoomInfo targeting, and automated exfiltration via Pipedream.",{"data":3824,"content":3828,"nodeType":892},{"target":3825},{"sys":3826},{"id":3827,"type":889,"linkType":890},"41FMif4T0y1maflzonWgL8",[],{"data":3830,"content":3831,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":3833,"content":3834,"nodeType":912},{},[3835],{"data":3836,"marks":3837,"value":3839,"nodeType":867},{},[3838],{"type":910},"Why technique-level detection is the only layer that holds",{"data":3841,"content":3842,"nodeType":883},{},[3843],{"data":3844,"marks":3845,"value":3846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The middle of the Pyramid — tool signatures and artifacts — used to offer much more durable detection than infrastructure indicators. Fingerprinting a specific phishing kit by its JavaScript structure or HTML patterns provided a detection target that survived across dozens or hundreds of campaigns, even as the underlying domains rotated. Tool level detections are still better, but not by quite the same margin.",{"data":3848,"content":3852,"nodeType":892},{"target":3849},{"sys":3850},{"id":3851,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5pxaYdCIFiFKLPhRaPoldX",[],{"data":3854,"content":3855,"nodeType":883},{},[3856],{"data":3857,"marks":3858,"value":3859,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When the kit landscape was dominated by a handful of platforms, you could write signatures for Tycoon, Sneaky2FA, EvilProxy, and so on, and cover the lion's share of attacks. With the ecosystem now producing new variants and entirely new kits on a weekly basis, detecting by kit fingerprint starts to look uncomfortably similar to detecting by domain.",{"data":3861,"content":3862,"nodeType":883},{},[3863],{"data":3864,"marks":3865,"value":3866,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But many of these proliferating kits do share behavioral patterns at a deeper level than their code signatures. For example, every device code phishing kit implements fundamentally the same flow: present a lure, generate a device code via the OAuth Device Authorization endpoint, get the user to enter it on the legitimate authorization page, and poll for the resulting tokens. The frontends vary, the infrastructure varies, but the behavioral pattern doesn't.",{"data":3868,"content":3872,"nodeType":892},{"target":3869},{"sys":3870},{"id":3871,"type":889,"linkType":890},"FyyHayQtsJTwoB1kluMOl",[],{"data":3874,"content":3875,"nodeType":883},{},[3876],{"data":3877,"marks":3878,"value":3879,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Genuinely new attack techniques still require human creativity — an attacker has to identify a gap in how a legitimate protocol or feature can be subverted. That kind of innovation hasn't been automated. But the window to discover a technique, build a detection, and then deploy it before it is adopted by criminals at scale is compressing with each generation.",{"data":3881,"content":3882,"nodeType":883},{},[3883],{"data":3884,"marks":3885,"value":3886,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations that detect at the technique level and deploy before commoditization have a structural advantage that increases over time. Waiting for indicators — even tool-level indicators — means chasing a curve that's accelerating away from you. This is the challenge we grapple with every day as we strive for the most resilient detections possible. ",{"data":3888,"content":3889,"nodeType":3914},{},[3890],{"data":3891,"content":3892,"nodeType":883},{},[3893,3897,3905,3909],{"data":3894,"marks":3895,"value":3896,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As our CPO Jacques Louw put it on ",{"data":3898,"content":3900,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3899},"https://risky.biz/RBNEWSSI128/",[3901],{"data":3902,"marks":3903,"value":3904,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Risky Business",{"data":3906,"marks":3907,"value":3908,"nodeType":867},{},[],": ",{"data":3910,"marks":3911,"value":3913,"nodeType":867},{},[3912],{"type":2278},"\"There's no list of bad domains anywhere in the product. It's a crutch — a false cheat code that stops you from doing the detection in the way that actually is resilient, because the next time you see it, it will be on a different domain.\"","blockquote",{"data":3916,"content":3917,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":3919,"content":3920,"nodeType":912},{},[3921],{"data":3922,"marks":3923,"value":3925,"nodeType":867},{},[3924],{"type":910},"What it takes to detect at the top of the Pyramid",{"data":3927,"content":3928,"nodeType":883},{},[3929],{"data":3930,"marks":3931,"value":3932,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If technique-level detection is the only layer that holds, two things have to be true about your detection capability: You need the right vantage point, and you need the research velocity to stay ahead.",{"data":3934,"content":3935,"nodeType":921},{},[3936],{"data":3937,"marks":3938,"value":3940,"nodeType":867},{},[3939],{"type":910},"You need the right vantage point",{"data":3942,"content":3943,"nodeType":883},{},[3944],{"data":3945,"marks":3946,"value":3947,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Technique-level behaviors in browser-based identity attacks — how a phishing page orchestrates credential entry, how a device code flow presents its authorization prompt, how a ClickFix variant manipulates the clipboard — are visible in the browser session and nowhere else.",{"data":3949,"content":3950,"nodeType":883},{},[3951],{"data":3952,"marks":3953,"value":3954,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Network proxies see encrypted traffic and can attempt to reconstruct page behavior from metadata, but DOM manipulation, user interaction sequences, and script execution aren't visible from that vantage point. Email gateways see the delivery mechanism (or nothing at all in the increasing number of social media and search engine based attacks) but not the payload.",{"data":3956,"content":3957,"nodeType":883},{},[3958,3962,3970],{"data":3959,"marks":3960,"value":3961,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we disclosed in our ",{"data":3963,"content":3964,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2476},[3965],{"data":3966,"marks":3967,"value":3969,"nodeType":867},{},[3968],{"type":876},"browser attacks report",{"data":3971,"marks":3972,"value":3973,"nodeType":867},{},[],", 95% of in-browser attacks we detect use some form of bot protection, often combined with conditional loading techniques like referrer and browser checks, reliably defeating automated analysis techniques. ",{"data":3975,"content":3976,"nodeType":883},{},[3977],{"data":3978,"marks":3979,"value":3980,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Behavioral detection at the technique level requires observing what happens on the page at the moment the user interacts with it — analyzing pages, not links. When you see the entire browsing flow — ad click, redirect chain, page render, credential prompt — an attack stands out immediately. Without that context, any detection system is forced to fill in gaps, and the gaps are where attacks hide.",{"data":3982,"content":3986,"nodeType":892},{"target":3983},{"sys":3984},{"id":3985,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4804g6u4POUDpL42bzP0EY",[],{"data":3988,"content":3989,"nodeType":883},{},[3990],{"data":3991,"marks":3992,"value":3993,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push sits inside the browser session, observing this in real time. Its detections target the behavioral mechanics of techniques rather than the surface characteristics of individual kits or infrastructure.",{"data":3995,"content":3996,"nodeType":921},{},[3997],{"data":3998,"marks":3999,"value":4001,"nodeType":867},{},[4000],{"type":910},"You need the research expertise",{"data":4003,"content":4004,"nodeType":883},{},[4005],{"data":4006,"marks":4007,"value":4008,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When the window between technique discovery and industrialized exploitation is measured in weeks rather than years, the detection pipeline needs to operate on that same compressed timescale.",{"data":4010,"content":4011,"nodeType":883},{},[4012,4016,4022],{"data":4013,"marks":4014,"value":4015,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is where our ",{"data":4017,"content":4018,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3122},[4019],{"data":4020,"marks":4021,"value":3127,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":4023,"marks":4024,"value":4025,"nodeType":867},{},[]," fits. It's tripled our monthly detection output — not by generating bigger blocklists, but by scaling the process of discovering behavioral patterns across the telemetry generated by 3+ million browser deployments.",{"data":4027,"content":4028,"nodeType":883},{},[4029],{"data":4030,"marks":4031,"value":4032,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The detections it produces are technique-class by design, targeting how attacks work rather than the infrastructure or specific tool that implements them. The goal is curation, not accumulation — hundreds of high-fidelity behavioral detections rather than the billions of signatures and domain entries that traditional approaches require.",{"data":4034,"content":4035,"nodeType":883},{},[4036,4040,4047],{"data":4037,"marks":4038,"value":4039,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we detected the first in-the-wild ",{"data":4041,"content":4042,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1951},[4043],{"data":4044,"marks":4045,"value":4046,"nodeType":867},{},[],"InstallFix attack",{"data":4048,"marks":4049,"value":4050,"nodeType":867},{},[]," through the pipeline — a user had searched for NotebookLM, clicked a paid Google ad, and was redirected to a fake page with a WebAssembly C2 connector — the detection shipped to all customers within minutes. It didn't depend on knowing the domain, the ad creative, or the specific kit. It depended on recognizing the technique itself.",{"data":4052,"content":4053,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":4055,"content":4056,"nodeType":912},{},[4057],{"data":4058,"marks":4059,"value":4061,"nodeType":867},{},[4060],{"type":910},"Technique-level detection is now the only option",{"data":4063,"content":4064,"nodeType":883},{},[4065],{"data":4066,"marks":4067,"value":4068,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a framework for detection durability, the Pyramid of Pain is more relevant than ever. ",{"data":4070,"content":4071,"nodeType":883},{},[4072],{"data":4073,"marks":4074,"value":4075,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AI has made infrastructure indicators essentially disposable. The tools tier is compressing as criminal vendors vibe-code, fork, and clone tooling at machine speed. Technique-level detection is the layer that holds long-term to be able to proactively detect and block net-new attacks and the kits that power them. ",{"data":4077,"content":4078,"nodeType":883},{},[4079],{"data":4080,"marks":4081,"value":4082,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Novel attack techniques still require human creativity to discover, and detections built around how those techniques work can survive infrastructure rotation, tool proliferation, and kit fragmentation. Defending that layer requires a vantage point inside the browser session and a research pipeline fast enough to stay ahead of the accelerating path from discovery to industrialization.",{"data":4084,"content":4085,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":4087,"content":4088,"nodeType":883},{},[4089],{"data":4090,"marks":4091,"value":1543,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":4093,"content":4094,"nodeType":883},{},[4095],{"data":4096,"marks":4097,"value":1550,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":4099,"content":4100,"nodeType":883},{},[4101,4104,4112],{"data":4102,"marks":4103,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":4105,"content":4106,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[4107],{"data":4108,"marks":4109,"value":4111,"nodeType":867},{},[4110],{"type":876},"Book a live demo",{"data":4113,"marks":4114,"value":2520,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Pyramid of Pain in the AI era: Why technique-level detection matters more than ever","AI is accelerating the collapse of indicator-based threat detection. Here's why you need technique-level detection to stay ahead.","2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","the-pyramid-of-pain-in-the-ai-era",{"items":4120},[4121,4123],{"sys":4122,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":4124,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":4126},[4127],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":4128},{"url":2541},"openai-poisoned-tenant-attack","blog/openai-poisoned-tenant-attack",{"json":4132},{"data":4133,"content":4134,"nodeType":1569},{},[4135],{"data":4136,"content":4137,"nodeType":883},{},[4138],{"data":4139,"marks":4140,"value":4141,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Someone created a fake OpenAI organization using our company's name and invited specific Push employees to join it. Here's what we learned. ",{"id":4143,"publishedAt":4144},"gZ98u7GsQBtQWUZAbb9ct","2026-08-12T12:00:42.290Z",{"items":4146},[4147,4149],{"sys":4148,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":4150,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":4152},[4153,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4171],{"sys":4154,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":4156,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":4158,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":4160,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":4162,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":4164,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":4166,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":4168,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},{"sys":4170,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":4172,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},"Onn4BC8-UxOdB3VIa9yf7yNjfejAdGzsCHJaOs85lcM",{"id":4175,"title":4176,"authorsCollection":4177,"content":4184,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":6292,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":6294,"metaTitle":6295,"ogImage":59,"postType":1665,"publishedDate":6296,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":6297,"slug":8498,"stem":8499,"subtitle":59,"summary":8500,"synopsis":8510,"sys":8511,"tagsCollection":8514,"topicsCollection":8520,"__hash__":8550},"blog/blog/inside-criminal-phishing-panel.json","We infiltrated a criminal phishing panel: here’s what we found",{"items":4178},[4179],{"fullName":4180,"firstName":4181,"jobTitle":2539,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":4182},"Push Security Research Team","Research",{"url":4183},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7LpkwyXbOZ8WCVTAXzULmC/bfa3634c78ee9dfbee6606ba5519918b/push-round.png",{"json":4185,"links":6083},{"data":4186,"content":4187,"nodeType":1569},{},[4188,4195,4225,4237,4244,4250,4262,4268,4271,4279,4286,4349,4356,4362,4365,4373,4380,4386,4394,4401,4527,4533,4539,4545,4551,4559,4566,4573,4636,4643,4649,4655,4663,4670,4677,4685,4692,4725,4732,4738,4745,4793,4800,4808,4815,4821,4828,4835,4841,4848,4881,4888,4894,4897,4905,4912,4919,4926,4931,4938,4945,4951,4958,4964,4971,4977,4984,4991,4994,5002,5018,5025,5045,5288,5295,5326,5561,5568,5575,5776,5783,5968,5971,5979,5986,5993,6005,6008,6015,6032,6049,6056,6059,6067],{"data":4189,"content":4190,"nodeType":883},{},[4191],{"data":4192,"marks":4193,"value":4194,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When Push blocks an attack in the browser, we take the opportunity to do some more digging to see what else we can find. One recent detection led us down the rabbit hole — and right into a criminal phishing panel. ",{"data":4196,"content":4197,"nodeType":883},{},[4198,4202,4209,4213,4221],{"data":4199,"marks":4200,"value":4201,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Real-time operated phishing panels have been used extensively in recent months, in vishing + phishing attacks attributed to first ",{"data":4203,"content":4204,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2188},[4205],{"data":4206,"marks":4207,"value":4208,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ShinyHunters",{"data":4210,"marks":4211,"value":4212,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and more recently the ",{"data":4214,"content":4216,"nodeType":878},{"uri":4215},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-blackfile-extortion-gang-targets-retail-and-hospitality-orgs/",[4217],{"data":4218,"marks":4219,"value":4220,"nodeType":867},{},[],"BlackFile",{"data":4222,"marks":4223,"value":4224,"nodeType":867},{},[]," hacking group, with a significant overlap in techniques and tooling. ",{"data":4226,"content":4227,"nodeType":883},{},[4228,4233],{"data":4229,"marks":4230,"value":4232,"nodeType":867},{},[4231],{"type":910},"We’ve directly accessed active deployments of the operator panels driving these campaigns, observed what happens in real-time when a victim is targeted, and analyzed multiple variants and forks of the tooling. ",{"data":4234,"marks":4235,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[]," ",{"data":4238,"content":4239,"nodeType":883},{},[4240],{"data":4241,"marks":4242,"value":4243,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We identified four primary infrastructure clusters, with each deployment having its own panel implementation. While the panels share common heritage, the operators deploying them appear to be separate groups with different infrastructure preferences and operational patterns.",{"data":4245,"content":4249,"nodeType":892},{"target":4246},{"sys":4247},{"id":4248,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5BQOpzjSbobLx8OkvXl6os",[],{"data":4251,"content":4252,"nodeType":883},{},[4253,4257],{"data":4254,"marks":4255,"value":4256,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The existence of these independently branded forks indicates that the tooling has entered a phase of wider distribution — operators who obtained the original panel source are now customizing and reshipping it for their own purposes. As a result, the tooling is now most likely accessible to a broad population of financially motivated threat actors. ",{"data":4258,"marks":4259,"value":4261,"nodeType":867},{},[4260],{"type":910},"In total, we’ve identified over 400 domains linked to the attacks, giving an indication of the scale. ",{"data":4263,"content":4267,"nodeType":892},{"target":4264},{"sys":4265},{"id":4266,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2Z1LUdYXVONWO9nnJTkWsJ",[],{"data":4269,"content":4270,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":4272,"content":4273,"nodeType":912},{},[4274],{"data":4275,"marks":4276,"value":4278,"nodeType":867},{},[4277],{"type":910},"Background",{"data":4280,"content":4281,"nodeType":883},{},[4282],{"data":4283,"marks":4284,"value":4285,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since at least August 2025, attackers have been running hybrid social engineering campaigns targeting hundreds of organizations across financial services, technology, cryptocurrency, healthcare, hospitality, and private aviation. ",{"data":4287,"content":4288,"nodeType":1526},{},[4289,4304,4319,4334],{"data":4290,"content":4291,"nodeType":1505},{},[4292],{"data":4293,"content":4294,"nodeType":883},{},[4295,4300],{"data":4296,"marks":4297,"value":4299,"nodeType":867},{},[4298],{"type":910},"August 2025: ",{"data":4301,"marks":4302,"value":4303,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Tooling made available, used in crypto-focused attacks",{"data":4305,"content":4306,"nodeType":1505},{},[4307],{"data":4308,"content":4309,"nodeType":883},{},[4310,4315],{"data":4311,"marks":4312,"value":4314,"nodeType":867},{},[4313],{"type":910},"November 2025:",{"data":4316,"marks":4317,"value":4318,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Major attacks on enterprise identity platforms begin",{"data":4320,"content":4321,"nodeType":1505},{},[4322],{"data":4323,"content":4324,"nodeType":883},{},[4325,4330],{"data":4326,"marks":4327,"value":4329,"nodeType":867},{},[4328],{"type":910},"January 2026: ",{"data":4331,"marks":4332,"value":4333,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Public breaches reported",{"data":4335,"content":4336,"nodeType":1505},{},[4337],{"data":4338,"content":4339,"nodeType":883},{},[4340,4345],{"data":4341,"marks":4342,"value":4344,"nodeType":867},{},[4343],{"type":910},"March 2026: ",{"data":4346,"marks":4347,"value":4348,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Activity spikes again",{"data":4350,"content":4351,"nodeType":883},{},[4352],{"data":4353,"marks":4354,"value":4355,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacks combine voice phishing with MFA-bypassing adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) phishing mechanisms that allow the attacker to steal authenticated sessions for target applications — typically enterprise identity providers and cryptocurrency exchanges. Once an identity provider account is compromised, the attackers pivot across connected SaaS platforms — SharePoint, Salesforce, DocuSign, Slack — exfiltrates data, and attempts to extort the victim organization. ",{"data":4357,"content":4361,"nodeType":892},{"target":4358},{"sys":4359},{"id":4360,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2X2YXMpozrbRQhegk7yF1k",[],{"data":4363,"content":4364,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":4366,"content":4367,"nodeType":912},{},[4368],{"data":4369,"marks":4370,"value":4372,"nodeType":867},{},[4371],{"type":910},"Inside the panels: what Push found",{"data":4374,"content":4375,"nodeType":883},{},[4376],{"data":4377,"marks":4378,"value":4379,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push detected an active Okta phishing site with TTPs aligned to the tooling used by SLH and affiliated groups. Through analysis of the phishing infrastructure, we gained direct access to Doko’s Panel and variants, and were able to observe how these attacks unfold from the operator's perspective — including real victim submission logs from the current week confirming ongoing active operations.",{"data":4381,"content":4385,"nodeType":892},{"target":4382},{"sys":4383},{"id":4384,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5ND0etPs5xN7ejz24l71jy",[],{"data":4387,"content":4388,"nodeType":921},{},[4389],{"data":4390,"marks":4391,"value":4393,"nodeType":867},{},[4392],{"type":910},"How the attack works",{"data":4395,"content":4396,"nodeType":883},{},[4397],{"data":4398,"marks":4399,"value":4400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The general sequence of steps is the same across the panels:",{"data":4402,"content":4403,"nodeType":1526},{},[4404,4419,4434,4458,4473,4488,4512],{"data":4405,"content":4406,"nodeType":1505},{},[4407],{"data":4408,"content":4409,"nodeType":883},{},[4410,4415],{"data":4411,"marks":4412,"value":4414,"nodeType":867},{},[4413],{"type":910},"The operator calls the target",{"data":4416,"marks":4417,"value":4418,"nodeType":867},{},[]," spoofing the organization's IT helpdesk number, often referencing real employee names or internal ticket numbers to establish trust. The target is directed to a phishing domain — usually following a combosquatting pattern like my\u003Ctarget>internal[.]com or \u003Ctarget>sso[.]com — under the pretext of a mandatory security update, passkey enrollment, or support ticket resolution. ",{"data":4420,"content":4421,"nodeType":1505},{},[4422],{"data":4423,"content":4424,"nodeType":883},{},[4425,4430],{"data":4426,"marks":4427,"value":4429,"nodeType":867},{},[4428],{"type":910},"The victim lands on the phishing domain",{"data":4431,"marks":4432,"value":4433,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and is presented with a loading spinner — the anti-bot gate that prevents unauthorized access to the phishing pages.",{"data":4435,"content":4436,"nodeType":1505},{},[4437],{"data":4438,"content":4439,"nodeType":883},{},[4440,4445,4449,4454],{"data":4441,"marks":4442,"value":4444,"nodeType":867},{},[4443],{"type":910},"The operator accepts the visitor",{"data":4446,"marks":4447,"value":4448,"nodeType":867},{},[]," from the admin panel and ",{"data":4450,"marks":4451,"value":4453,"nodeType":867},{},[4452],{"type":910},"the victim is redirected",{"data":4455,"marks":4456,"value":4457,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to the cloned login page (e.g. Google, Microsoft, Okta).",{"data":4459,"content":4460,"nodeType":1505},{},[4461],{"data":4462,"content":4463,"nodeType":883},{},[4464,4469],{"data":4465,"marks":4466,"value":4468,"nodeType":867},{},[4467],{"type":910},"The victim enters their email address and password",{"data":4470,"marks":4471,"value":4472,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which is forwarded to the operator's Telegram channel. The victim sees a processing spinner on the branded login form.",{"data":4474,"content":4475,"nodeType":1505},{},[4476],{"data":4477,"content":4478,"nodeType":883},{},[4479,4484],{"data":4480,"marks":4481,"value":4483,"nodeType":867},{},[4482],{"type":910},"The operator relays the credentials",{"data":4485,"marks":4486,"value":4487,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to the real identity provider. If they're valid, the attack proceeds. If they're invalid, the operator can redirect the victim back to the credential entry pages. Assuming MFA is required, the operator issues a redirect to an appropriate MFA capture page — \"Submit SMS OTP,\" \"Submit Gauth OTP,\" or \"Approve [XX] Prompt,\" depending on what the legitimate IdP is presenting.",{"data":4489,"content":4490,"nodeType":1505},{},[4491],{"data":4492,"content":4493,"nodeType":883},{},[4494,4499,4503,4508],{"data":4495,"marks":4496,"value":4498,"nodeType":867},{},[4497],{"type":910},"The victim submits their OTP or approves the push notification ",{"data":4500,"marks":4501,"value":4502,"nodeType":867},{},[],"and",{"data":4504,"marks":4505,"value":4507,"nodeType":867},{},[4506],{"type":910}," the operator relays the OTP",{"data":4509,"marks":4510,"value":4511,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in their own login session, completes authentication, and captures the session. ",{"data":4513,"content":4514,"nodeType":1505},{},[4515],{"data":4516,"content":4517,"nodeType":883},{},[4518,4523],{"data":4519,"marks":4520,"value":4522,"nodeType":867},{},[4521],{"type":910},"The victim is redirected to a benign page",{"data":4524,"marks":4525,"value":4526,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (e.g., Google Drive) or to a support ticket closure screen displaying a fabricated ticket number.",{"data":4528,"content":4532,"nodeType":892},{"target":4529},{"sys":4530},{"id":4531,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1o0wm3EOd7zSl5MddsNxgL",[],{"data":4534,"content":4538,"nodeType":892},{"target":4535},{"sys":4536},{"id":4537,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7w7SQEn3aITpcgXLMThhbS",[],{"data":4540,"content":4541,"nodeType":883},{},[4542],{"data":4543,"marks":4544,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":4546,"content":4550,"nodeType":892},{"target":4547},{"sys":4548},{"id":4549,"type":889,"linkType":890},"PJJabY1ZfoCfl8XQ6PMj2",[],{"data":4552,"content":4553,"nodeType":921},{},[4554],{"data":4555,"marks":4556,"value":4558,"nodeType":867},{},[4557],{"type":910},"Doko’s Panel",{"data":4560,"content":4561,"nodeType":883},{},[4562],{"data":4563,"marks":4564,"value":4565,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the panels themselves. We'll start with the default version of Doko's Panel since it’s the most established. It provides a multi-functional framework targeting users of Google, Microsoft Entra, Okta, and popular cryptocurrency exchanges including Abra, Coinbase, Gemini, and Kraken. Its core functionality resides in a client-side JavaScript file (client.js) that establishes the real-time feedback loop between the victim's browser and the operator's C2.",{"data":4567,"content":4568,"nodeType":883},{},[4569],{"data":4570,"marks":4571,"value":4572,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The technical indicators that characterize Doko's Panel in its standard form include:",{"data":4574,"content":4575,"nodeType":1526},{},[4576,4591,4606,4621],{"data":4577,"content":4578,"nodeType":1505},{},[4579],{"data":4580,"content":4581,"nodeType":883},{},[4582,4587],{"data":4583,"marks":4584,"value":4586,"nodeType":867},{},[4585],{"type":910},"client.js",{"data":4588,"marks":4589,"value":4590,"nodeType":867},{},[]," containing a pingServer() function that sends a JSON POST request to /backend.php every second with the structure { action: 'ping', token, window_id, page, os, browser }. If the response contains a redirect key, the victim's browser navigates to that path. ",{"data":4592,"content":4593,"nodeType":1505},{},[4594],{"data":4595,"content":4596,"nodeType":883},{},[4597,4602],{"data":4598,"marks":4599,"value":4601,"nodeType":867},{},[4600],{"type":910},"sendTelegramMessage()",{"data":4603,"marks":4604,"value":4605,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (aliased to sendtg()), a function for relaying real-time credential submissions and session updates to the operator's Telegram channel.",{"data":4607,"content":4608,"nodeType":1505},{},[4609],{"data":4610,"content":4611,"nodeType":883},{},[4612,4617],{"data":4613,"marks":4614,"value":4616,"nodeType":867},{},[4615],{"type":910},"backend.php",{"data":4618,"marks":4619,"value":4620,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as the primary server-side handler for both victim ping actions and admin panel operations (retrieving connected victim information, sending redirect instructions).",{"data":4622,"content":4623,"nodeType":1505},{},[4624],{"data":4625,"content":4626,"nodeType":883},{},[4627,4632],{"data":4628,"marks":4629,"value":4631,"nodeType":867},{},[4630],{"type":910},"j.php",{"data":4633,"marks":4634,"value":4635,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as the endpoint for sending Telegram messages, relaying captured credentials and session logs.",{"data":4637,"content":4638,"nodeType":883},{},[4639],{"data":4640,"marks":4641,"value":4642,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push found that deployments of Doko's Panel had minimal security by default — anyone was able to view the admin panel and manage visitors' connections without authentication.",{"data":4644,"content":4648,"nodeType":892},{"target":4645},{"sys":4646},{"id":4647,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3glwGSGHdCpf3DLqNmQqN8",[],{"data":4650,"content":4654,"nodeType":892},{"target":4651},{"sys":4652},{"id":4653,"type":889,"linkType":890},"20ymWIXMkmJlw7XYb93c9o",[],{"data":4656,"content":4657,"nodeType":921},{},[4658],{"data":4659,"marks":4660,"value":4662,"nodeType":867},{},[4661],{"type":910},"Panel proliferation and remixes",{"data":4664,"content":4665,"nodeType":883},{},[4666],{"data":4667,"marks":4668,"value":4669,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Access to Doko's Panel has clearly proliferated beyond its original developers, resulting in remixes and variants being distributed across the ecosystem. Push identified a variant titled \"Lord Mensius's Panel\" targeting Koinly (a cryptocurrency tax platform), and another titled \"$$$\" using a template impersonating the Australian Tax Office, also targeting cryptocurrency tax filing. ",{"data":4671,"content":4672,"nodeType":883},{},[4673],{"data":4674,"marks":4675,"value":4676,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The existence of these independently branded forks indicates that the tooling has entered a phase of wider distribution — operators who obtained the original panel source are now customizing and reshipping it for their own purposes. As a result, the tooling is now accessible to a broad population of financially motivated threat actors. ",{"data":4678,"content":4679,"nodeType":921},{},[4680],{"data":4681,"marks":4682,"value":4684,"nodeType":867},{},[4683],{"type":910},"heartbeat/check_redirect variant",{"data":4686,"content":4687,"nodeType":883},{},[4688],{"data":4689,"marks":4690,"value":4691,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In addition to Doko’s Panel and its forks, the site initially detected by Push used a modified variant of Doko's Panel with a different C2 protocol. Rather than the standard ping action, this variant sent two types of regular requests from client.js to the backend:",{"data":4693,"content":4694,"nodeType":1526},{},[4695,4710],{"data":4696,"content":4697,"nodeType":1505},{},[4698],{"data":4699,"content":4700,"nodeType":883},{},[4701,4706],{"data":4702,"marks":4703,"value":4705,"nodeType":867},{},[4704],{"type":910},"Heartbeat",{"data":4707,"marks":4708,"value":4709,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — POST to backend.php with action=heartbeat along with page, token, and window_id.",{"data":4711,"content":4712,"nodeType":1505},{},[4713],{"data":4714,"content":4715,"nodeType":883},{},[4716,4721],{"data":4717,"marks":4718,"value":4720,"nodeType":867},{},[4719],{"type":910},"Check Redirect",{"data":4722,"marks":4723,"value":4724,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — GET to backend.php with parameters action=check_redirect along with token and window_id.",{"data":4726,"content":4727,"nodeType":883},{},[4728],{"data":4729,"marks":4730,"value":4731,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A redirect instruction in response to either request causes the victim's browser to navigate to the specified page. 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",[],{},"Phishing Panel Blog IB2",{"sys":6161,"__typename":1584,"title":6162,"caption":6162,"layoutMode":59,"file":6163},{"id":4531},"How the panel is operated during a phishing attack",{"url":6164,"width":6165,"height":6166},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/37tinpxZjSb3LUOCdnVKge/b92c9911e992de27f6411f07b0c1e796/Screenshot_2026-05-07_at_12.33.21.png",3290,1902,{"sys":6168,"__typename":6169,"title":6170,"arcadeDemoUrl":6171,"playText":6172},{"id":4537},"ArcadeDemo","Phishing Panel Annotated Demo","https://demo.arcade.software/dDjAyFfOHyGepDwLWJKw?embed","1 mins",{"sys":6174,"__typename":1636,"content":6175,"name":6217,"title":59},{"id":4549},{"json":6176},{"nodeType":1569,"data":6177,"content":6178},{},[6179,6186],{"nodeType":883,"data":6180,"content":6181},{},[6182],{"nodeType":867,"value":6183,"marks":6184,"data":6185},"Functionally, this is the same as a typical AITM attack — except that the stages are performed manually by the attacker instead of automatically proxying the victim’s inputs to the real site. ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":6187,"content":6188},{},[6189,6193,6200,6204,6213],{"nodeType":867,"value":6190,"marks":6191,"data":6192},"This seems like an odd choice. 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But it doesn’t make much difference to the outcome, or what we can observe to detect the attack in the browser.",[],{},"Phishing Panel Blog IB3",{"sys":6219,"__typename":1584,"title":6220,"caption":6220,"layoutMode":59,"file":6221},{"id":4647},"Anyone can access Doko’s Panel without authentication.",{"url":6222,"width":1602,"height":6223},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1E2c3tIITtYeiD5GtSecxt/91c95bb593188975b1a4a96effb5bea8/image5.png",307,{"sys":6225,"__typename":1584,"title":6226,"caption":6226,"layoutMode":59,"file":6227},{"id":4653},"Admin panel controls.",{"url":6228,"width":1602,"height":6229},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2A56uZUHEDmm8RbeW9IpjE/491e686b77dd60a676d0eebb3ca101c6/image2.png",1059,{"sys":6231,"__typename":1636,"content":6232,"name":6243,"title":59},{"id":4736},{"json":6233},{"data":6234,"content":6235,"nodeType":1569},{},[6236],{"data":6237,"content":6238,"nodeType":883},{},[6239],{"data":6240,"marks":6241,"value":6242,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The result is that the victim's browser sends two pairs of duplicate requests every few seconds (with the inline script transmitting heartbeats in JSON format rather than HTML form-encoded data). This level of broken duplication indicates an inexperienced developer making modifications to unfamiliar code — a pattern reinforced by the LLM-generated artifacts discussed later. ","Phishing Panel Blog IB4",{"sys":6245,"__typename":1584,"title":6246,"caption":6246,"layoutMode":59,"file":6247},{"id":4819},"Revamped admin panel specifically targeting M365.",{"url":6248,"width":1602,"height":6249},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6ltgUv6FOGaMkdYNW06uBC/6449e82609fda96af123dfbd09c2f8c0/image8.png",940,{"sys":6251,"__typename":1584,"title":6252,"caption":6252,"layoutMode":59,"file":6253},{"id":4839},"Instructions for joining the attacker’s Teams meeting.",{"url":6254,"width":6255,"height":6256},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7G6GLi6twkTrDOGFHU9RNt/a1aa2a7a324ba3eda2f38d21af0e4a85/image3.png",1390,1316,{"sys":6258,"__typename":1584,"title":6259,"caption":6259,"layoutMode":59,"file":6260},{"id":4892},"Device and country restriction options.",{"url":6261,"width":6262,"height":6263},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2nxMJQlSeyBwuFgZIsjeRF/78df4d0e8c75a8171937294c1684b3df/image6.png",1064,1192,{"sys":6265,"__typename":1584,"title":6266,"caption":6266,"layoutMode":59,"file":6267},{"id":3744},"Verbose phishing kit comments (a clear sign of AI involvement).",{"url":6268,"width":6269,"height":6270},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2XOX0xzOxsmBKUuQbup47x/a624c2141879f9238704167a35fdeb39/Screenshot_2026-05-07_at_12.53.27.png",1100,1332,{"sys":6272,"__typename":1584,"title":6273,"caption":6273,"layoutMode":59,"file":6274},{"id":4949},"More verbose phishing kit comments.",{"url":6275,"width":6276,"height":6277},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2VIaWB9ExM6nmURNtoP7f4/bc72afef6d151c7e9d5be71f0c74a651/Screenshot_2026-05-07_at_12.53.08.png",1184,1036,{"sys":6279,"__typename":1584,"title":6280,"caption":6280,"layoutMode":59,"file":6281},{"id":4962},"Evidence of LLM use in cloning the Okta login pages.",{"url":6282,"width":6283,"height":6284},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5UL0neYANY9ECegc0JsDzL/45a4576d016d9fa806598cabaf493a0f/Screenshot_2026-05-07_at_12.53.49.png",1164,586,{"sys":6286,"__typename":1584,"title":6287,"caption":6287,"layoutMode":59,"file":6288},{"id":4975},"LLM comments not typically included by a human author.",{"url":6289,"width":6290,"height":6291},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6yXfx49paHKklV1iLfGiBP/6eb461b66533a9ef25eb671370c8f316/Screenshot_2026-05-07_at_12.54.09.png",942,430,{"items":6293},[],{},"Inside a phishing panel used by ShinyHunters and BlackFile","2026-05-07T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":6298},[6299,6890,7855],{"__typename":1670,"sys":6300,"content":6302,"title":6876,"synopsis":6877,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":6878,"slug":6879,"tagsCollection":6880,"authorsCollection":6886},{"id":6301},"27Z1JlNtpGTPyarh393sHK",{"json":6303},{"data":6304,"content":6305,"nodeType":1569},{},[6306,6324,6331,6337,6344,6350,6369,6375,6381,6384,6392,6412,6418,6424,6430,6448,6455,6463,6470,6477,6484,6487,6495,6513,6536,6541,6546,6553,6560,6567,6570,6578,6596,6629,6636,6642,6645,6653,6660,6663,6671,6678,6686,6706,6726,6733,6739,6747,6754,6761,6764,6772,6779,6785,6805,6811,6818,6825,6832],{"data":6307,"content":6308,"nodeType":883},{},[6309,6313,6320],{"data":6310,"marks":6311,"value":6312,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In December 2025, we uncovered a state-sponsored campaign linked to Russian state-affiliated APT29 that used a new technique we called ",{"data":6314,"content":6315,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1963},[6316],{"data":6317,"marks":6318,"value":1968,"nodeType":867},{},[6319],{"type":876},{"data":6321,"marks":6322,"value":6323,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This technique merged ClickFix-style social engineering with OAuth consent phishing to hijack Microsoft accounts. Effectively, ConsentFix is a browser-native attack that results in account takeover, without the downside of needing to touch the endpoint like typical ClickFix (really, the point that it's most likely to be detected and blocked). ",{"data":6325,"content":6326,"nodeType":883},{},[6327],{"data":6328,"marks":6329,"value":6330,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The quick 101 is that victims are tricked into copy-and-pasting a legitimate Microsoft URL into the phishing page. This URL contains an OAuth authorization code that the attacker uses to sign in to a first-party Microsoft application like Azure CLI — specifically targeting apps with known Conditional Access exclusions. ",{"data":6332,"content":6336,"nodeType":892},{"target":6333},{"sys":6334},{"id":6335,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7s4kF5CUFUmdkhpzuwNalX",[],{"data":6338,"content":6339,"nodeType":883},{},[6340],{"data":6341,"marks":6342,"value":6343,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At the end of the attack chain, the attacker is effectively granted API access to the victim's Entra account, while sidestepping MFA (even passkeys), device compliance checks, and in some cases conditional access controls (depending on the application ID targeted by the attacker). ",{"data":6345,"content":6349,"nodeType":892},{"target":6346},{"sys":6347},{"id":6348,"type":889,"linkType":890},"IMtJXMWeaIbRsWxuQ1CaS",[],{"data":6351,"content":6352,"nodeType":883},{},[6353,6357,6365],{"data":6354,"marks":6355,"value":6356,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It didn’t take long for security researchers to jump on this new technique. Lots of contributors rallied round the security recommendations (which we covered in a ",{"data":6358,"content":6359,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1990},[6360],{"data":6361,"marks":6362,"value":6364,"nodeType":867},{},[6363],{"type":876},"follow-up blog post",{"data":6366,"marks":6367,"value":6368,"nodeType":867},{},[],") but the most notable contribution came from John Hammond, who took the attacker’s implementation and said “I can do better”. His v2 replaced a somewhat clunky implementation with a slick drag-and-drop function. But now, attackers have taken it one step further.",{"data":6370,"content":6374,"nodeType":892},{"target":6371},{"sys":6372},{"id":6373,"type":889,"linkType":890},"59tfJDRhGThKD48Wjg7uY2",[],{"data":6376,"content":6380,"nodeType":892},{"target":6377},{"sys":6378},{"id":6379,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6mEpyVD6f13ZttFmaBcxNm",[],{"data":6382,"content":6383,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":6385,"content":6386,"nodeType":912},{},[6387],{"data":6388,"marks":6389,"value":6391,"nodeType":867},{},[6390],{"type":910},"Introducing: ConsentFix v3",{"data":6393,"content":6394,"nodeType":883},{},[6395,6399,6408],{"data":6396,"marks":6397,"value":6398,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The latest development is that a member of the XSS criminal forum, a site strongly suspected to have ",{"data":6400,"content":6402,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6401},"https://flare.io/learn/resources/blog/state-of-the-dark-web-2026",[6403],{"data":6404,"marks":6405,"value":6407,"nodeType":867},{},[6406],{"type":876},"Russian state involvement",{"data":6409,"marks":6410,"value":6411,"nodeType":867},{},[],", has released a new tool “ConsentFix v3”, building on the v1 we saw in the wild, and John’s v2. ",{"data":6413,"content":6417,"nodeType":892},{"target":6414},{"sys":6415},{"id":6416,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4AW0UnBlIaXbIFZjy8ObY1",[],{"data":6419,"content":6423,"nodeType":892},{"target":6420},{"sys":6421},{"id":6422,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1b36XjqBpPx7wteBu6OA6h",[],{"data":6425,"content":6429,"nodeType":892},{"target":6426},{"sys":6427},{"id":6428,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4kbiWA3b096BAFGQuozPaK",[],{"data":6431,"content":6432,"nodeType":883},{},[6433,6437,6444],{"data":6434,"marks":6435,"value":6436,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It looks like broader cybercriminals are starting to take note of ConsentFix, and with the release of public tools like this one, it could be about to go mainstream — like ",{"data":6438,"content":6439,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2036},[6440],{"data":6441,"marks":6442,"value":6443,"nodeType":867},{},[],"device code phishing",{"data":6445,"marks":6446,"value":6447,"nodeType":867},{},[]," has this year. ",{"data":6449,"content":6450,"nodeType":883},{},[6451],{"data":6452,"marks":6453,"value":6454,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at some of the more interesting details of the ConsentFix v3 implementation before considering the bigger picture.  ",{"data":6456,"content":6457,"nodeType":921},{},[6458],{"data":6459,"marks":6460,"value":6462,"nodeType":867},{},[6461],{"type":910},"ConsentFix v3 under the hood",{"data":6464,"content":6465,"nodeType":883},{},[6466],{"data":6467,"marks":6468,"value":6469,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first thing that jumps out is just how detailed this forum post is. It reads like a security vendor blog post. It walks through the key technical concepts that the reader needs to know, breaking down OAuth grants, consent phishing, refresh tokens, and FOCI (or 'Family of Client IDs' — basically, the feature that allows attackers to use a refresh token obtained for one Microsoft app to be exchanged for access tokens to other FOCI apps without re-authentication). It then walks through the history of ClickFix and ConsentFix before providing step-by-step guidance for users. ",{"data":6471,"content":6472,"nodeType":883},{},[6473],{"data":6474,"marks":6475,"value":6476,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix v3 allows users to instrument the entire attack chain, enabling users to spin up ConsentFix infrastructure, create believable personas with which to interact with victims, craft and manage email campaigns, and automate the process of exchanging the captured OAuth token for session and refresh tokens to establish access to the compromised account. ",{"data":6478,"content":6479,"nodeType":883},{},[6480],{"data":6481,"marks":6482,"value":6483,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A combination of SaaS and open-source tools are used to perform the attack, including Cloudflare Workers for hosting, ZoomInfo for target identification, Dropbox for PDF hosting, and Pipedream as an exfiltration channel (effectively creating a webhook to automatically exchange the OAuth material in the URL for a refresh token). They also use hacker tools like SpecterPortal for post exploitation activity.",{"data":6485,"content":6486,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":6488,"content":6489,"nodeType":912},{},[6490],{"data":6491,"marks":6492,"value":6494,"nodeType":867},{},[6493],{"type":910},"Why attackers are turning to OAuth-based attacks",{"data":6496,"content":6497,"nodeType":883},{},[6498,6502,6509],{"data":6499,"marks":6500,"value":6501,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers are increasingly turning to OAuth based techniques in 2026. Not only are “legit” OAuth connections being abused in supply chain attacks, but attacks targeting OAuth mechanisms have significantly increased with the rise of ",{"data":6503,"content":6504,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2036},[6505],{"data":6506,"marks":6507,"value":6443,"nodeType":867},{},[6508],{"type":876},{"data":6510,"marks":6511,"value":6512,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This is because:",{"data":6514,"content":6515,"nodeType":1526},{},[6516,6526],{"data":6517,"content":6518,"nodeType":1505},{},[6519],{"data":6520,"content":6521,"nodeType":883},{},[6522],{"data":6523,"marks":6524,"value":6525,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OAuth attacks defeat standard access controls (including passkeys)",{"data":6527,"content":6528,"nodeType":1505},{},[6529],{"data":6530,"content":6531,"nodeType":883},{},[6532],{"data":6533,"marks":6534,"value":6535,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s very low friction, and less likely that users will identify it as phishing (see examples below)",{"data":6537,"content":6540,"nodeType":892},{"target":6538},{"sys":6539},{"id":6373,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":6542,"content":6545,"nodeType":892},{"target":6543},{"sys":6544},{"id":2064,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":6547,"content":6548,"nodeType":883},{},[6549],{"data":6550,"marks":6551,"value":6552,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From the user’s perspective, these aren’t situations that users are trained to treat as suspicious. In one case, the victim copies a URL (or simply drag-and-drops a box on the page). In another, they enter a short passcode that’s visible on the page. ",{"data":6554,"content":6555,"nodeType":883},{},[6556],{"data":6557,"marks":6558,"value":6559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Both are using pop-up windows that look very convincing — and point to legitimate Microsoft pages/URLs. Even users scrutinizing the domain won’t see anything out of place. And as you can see, if the user is already signed into their Microsoft account in the browser, there’s no credential entry or MFA checks to pass through. Simply select your account from the drop down menu and … that’s it.",{"data":6561,"content":6562,"nodeType":883},{},[6563],{"data":6564,"marks":6565,"value":6566,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This unfamiliarity is the same reason that attacks like ClickFix have been so successful. In general, convincing social engineering — well crafted comms, legit-looking pages hosted on trusted sites — combined with unfamiliar payloads makes for a clever attack. And when these attacks play out entirely in the browser (circumventing endpoint controls) and sidestep identity controls, the impact is dialled up even further. ",{"data":6568,"content":6569,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":6571,"content":6572,"nodeType":912},{},[6573],{"data":6574,"marks":6575,"value":6577,"nodeType":867},{},[6576],{"type":910},"How ConsentFix and device code phishing overlap",{"data":6579,"content":6580,"nodeType":883},{},[6581,6585,6592],{"data":6582,"marks":6583,"value":6584,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It was only ever going to be a matter of time before ConsentFix was adopted by the mass market. But these things don’t always happen particularly fast. ",{"data":6586,"content":6587,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2036},[6588],{"data":6589,"marks":6590,"value":360,"nodeType":867},{},[6591],{"type":876},{"data":6593,"marks":6594,"value":6595,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is probably the best example of this — it’s been a known technique since 2021, but it took until this year to enter mainstream adoption. A big part of that has been the availability of criminal toolkits, and also the rise in AI-assisted capabilities for tool creation (clearly at play here too). The similarity with device code phishing doesn’t end there. ",{"data":6597,"content":6598,"nodeType":883},{},[6599,6603,6612,6616,6625],{"data":6600,"marks":6601,"value":6602,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Both ConsentFix and device code phishing are OAuth attacks. They both find ways of bypassing the standard login procedure (and controls) by targeting different authorization flows, but with a similar outcome and the same advantages to an attacker. Device code phishing exploits the device authorization grant (",{"data":6604,"content":6606,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6605},"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8628",[6607],{"data":6608,"marks":6609,"value":6611,"nodeType":867},{},[6610],{"type":876},"RFC 8628",{"data":6613,"marks":6614,"value":6615,"nodeType":867},{},[],"). ConsentFix exploits the authorization code grant (",{"data":6617,"content":6619,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6618},"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1",[6620],{"data":6621,"marks":6622,"value":6624,"nodeType":867},{},[6623],{"type":876},"RFC 6749",{"data":6626,"marks":6627,"value":6628,"nodeType":867},{},[],") as implemented for native/desktop apps with localhost redirects. ",{"data":6630,"content":6631,"nodeType":883},{},[6632],{"data":6633,"marks":6634,"value":6635,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The post-compromise paths are essentially identical because the tokens you get are determined by which app you target, what scopes it has, and the victim user’s permissions, not by which OAuth flow you used to obtain them. The authorization code flow and the device code flow are just different front doors into the same token issuance system.",{"data":6637,"content":6641,"nodeType":892},{"target":6638},{"sys":6639},{"id":6640,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7np3j139dWMP7sLlUQwEFC",[],{"data":6643,"content":6644,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":6646,"content":6647,"nodeType":912},{},[6648],{"data":6649,"marks":6650,"value":6652,"nodeType":867},{},[6651],{"type":910},"The verdict: An interesting sign of what’s coming, but maybe not the final form",{"data":6654,"content":6655,"nodeType":883},{},[6656],{"data":6657,"marks":6658,"value":6659,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s clear that ConsentFix v3 isn’t exactly an industrialized PhaaS-scale offering. It’s probably closer to a red team-esque proof of concept. But it is a good example of how attackers could operationalize ConsentFix campaigns using largely off-the-shelf tooling and legit SaaS tools. And an indicator of what might be coming soon. ",{"data":6661,"content":6662,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":6664,"content":6665,"nodeType":912},{},[6666],{"data":6667,"marks":6668,"value":6670,"nodeType":867},{},[6669],{"type":910},"Security recommendations",{"data":6672,"content":6673,"nodeType":883},{},[6674],{"data":6675,"marks":6676,"value":6677,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To be able to tackle modern attacks like ConsentFix that occur entirely within the browser context, it is vital that organizations look to monitor the browser as a detection surface, hunt for signs of malicious activity, and block attacks in real-time — in the same way that you would expect EDR to work for endpoint attacks. We’ll talk about how we do this below, but first here’s some general recommendations. ",{"data":6679,"content":6680,"nodeType":921},{},[6681],{"data":6682,"marks":6683,"value":6685,"nodeType":867},{},[6684],{"type":910},"Microsoft ecosystem",{"data":6687,"content":6688,"nodeType":883},{},[6689,6693,6702],{"data":6690,"marks":6691,"value":6692,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Despite the similarity with device code phishing, the ",{"data":6694,"content":6696,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6695},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/microsoft-entra-blog/new-microsoft-managed-policies-to-raise-your-identity-security-posture/4286758",[6697],{"data":6698,"marks":6699,"value":6701,"nodeType":867},{},[6700],{"type":876},"primary recommendation from Microsoft for device code attacks",{"data":6703,"marks":6704,"value":6705,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — disable the device code flow via conditional access — doesn’t apply to ConsentFix (because, as mentioned, it uses a different login flow).",{"data":6707,"content":6708,"nodeType":883},{},[6709,6713,6722],{"data":6710,"marks":6711,"value":6712,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For both ConsentFix and device code phishing, the ",{"data":6714,"content":6716,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6715},"https://msendpointmgr.com/2026/01/08/consentfix-quickfix/",[6717],{"data":6718,"marks":6719,"value":6721,"nodeType":867},{},[6720],{"type":876},"strongest recommendation",{"data":6723,"marks":6724,"value":6725,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is to create Service Principals for each of the vulnerable apps and restrict the users that are authorized to access them to reduce the attack surface of users that can be phished with this method.",{"data":6727,"content":6728,"nodeType":883},{},[6729],{"data":6730,"marks":6731,"value":6732,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You should also hunt in logs for relevant application IDs and resource IDs, and look for mismatches in terms of the initial access IP and subsequent activity, because while the initial login is performed by the user, subsequent actions will be performed by the attacker.  ",{"data":6734,"content":6738,"nodeType":892},{"target":6735},{"sys":6736},{"id":6737,"type":889,"linkType":890},"49Y7NXpnAeAYe9fCp1oyKn",[],{"data":6740,"content":6741,"nodeType":921},{},[6742],{"data":6743,"marks":6744,"value":6746,"nodeType":867},{},[6745],{"type":910},"Beyond Microsoft — Google, GitHub, Salesforce, AWS",{"data":6748,"content":6749,"nodeType":883},{},[6750],{"data":6751,"marks":6752,"value":6753,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s worth calling out that these recommendations are Microsoft specific. While in-the-wild exploitation has focused on Microsoft, GitHub, Salesforce, AWS and others are also impacted by device code phishing, supporting device code flow either as a primary or fallback mechanism (Google less so due to inherent restrictions on scopes authorized in the context of device code logins). ",{"data":6755,"content":6756,"nodeType":883},{},[6757],{"data":6758,"marks":6759,"value":6760,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similarly, ConsentFix principles can be applied beyond Microsoft too. The core requirement is that an OAuth code ends up in a location the victim can manually see and share, e.g. a localhost redirect where no listener is present to complete the handshake. Google Cloud CLI, GitHub CLI, and others support the auth code grant and allow localhost as a redirect URI. ",{"data":6762,"content":6763,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":6765,"content":6766,"nodeType":912},{},[6767],{"data":6768,"marks":6769,"value":6771,"nodeType":867},{},[6770],{"type":910},"How Push can help",{"data":6773,"content":6774,"nodeType":883},{},[6775],{"data":6776,"marks":6777,"value":6778,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re already detecting and blocking both ConsentFix and device code phishing attacks as they target users in their web browser. When a page matches our detections for a device code or ConsentFix phishing kit (not limited to things like known-bad IPs and domains, but DOM-level analysis of the web page) Push detects and blocks it. Unlike an SWG or RBI type solution, Push analyzes every web page in every browser session and tab, in real time, with no latency. ",{"data":6780,"content":6784,"nodeType":892},{"target":6781},{"sys":6782},{"id":6783,"type":889,"linkType":890},"63EwHbmFZVAlhoXl17Xjfi",[],{"data":6786,"content":6787,"nodeType":883},{},[6788,6792,6801],{"data":6789,"marks":6790,"value":6791,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using Push you can also ",{"data":6793,"content":6795,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6794},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/can-i-use-push-to-help-protect-against-device-code-phishing-scenarios/",[6796],{"data":6797,"marks":6798,"value":6800,"nodeType":867},{},[6799],{"type":876},"configure in-browser warnings",{"data":6802,"marks":6803,"value":6804,"nodeType":867},{},[]," whenever a user accesses a URL used for device code logins, across any app that supports them. This provides universal, last-mile protection against even ‘zero-day’ device code phishing attacks using previously unidentified toolkits.  ",{"data":6806,"content":6810,"nodeType":892},{"target":6807},{"sys":6808},{"id":6809,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3baS2yqvJd2e4aczw73PTF",[],{"data":6812,"content":6813,"nodeType":883},{},[6814],{"data":6815,"marks":6816,"value":6817,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When a user visits those URLs, Push will also emit a webhook event that the banner was shown and acknowledged. If a user opts to proceed, you can treat this as a high-fidelity alert for your security team to investigate, providing app-agnostic telemetry that may not already be provided in your logs from that particular vendor. You can also simply use Push to block users from accessing these pages if you’re confident that disruption won’t be caused. ",{"data":6819,"content":6820,"nodeType":921},{},[6821],{"data":6822,"marks":6823,"value":6066,"nodeType":867},{},[6824],{"type":910},{"data":6826,"content":6827,"nodeType":883},{},[6828],{"data":6829,"marks":6830,"value":6831,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, device code phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":6833,"content":6834,"nodeType":883},{},[6835,6839,6848,6852,6861,6865,6873],{"data":6836,"marks":6837,"value":6838,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To learn more about Push, ",{"data":6840,"content":6842,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/product-brochure",[6843],{"data":6844,"marks":6845,"value":6847,"nodeType":867},{},[6846],{"type":876},"check out our latest product overview",{"data":6849,"marks":6850,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],", ",{"data":6853,"content":6855,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6854},"https://pushsecurity.com/product-demo/",[6856],{"data":6857,"marks":6858,"value":6860,"nodeType":867},{},[6859],{"type":876},"view our demo library",{"data":6862,"marks":6863,"value":6864,"nodeType":867},{},[],", or ",{"data":6866,"content":6867,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[6868],{"data":6869,"marks":6870,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[6871],{"type":876},"book some time with one of our team for a live demo",{"data":6874,"marks":6875,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix v3: Analyzing a new criminal toolkit","Investigating a new criminal toolkit for ConsentFix being promoted on criminal forums. ","2026-04-23T00:00:00.000Z","consentfix-v3-analyzing-a-new-toolkit",{"items":6881},[6882,6884],{"sys":6883,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":6885,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":6887},[6888],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":6889},{"url":2541},{"__typename":1670,"sys":6891,"content":6893,"title":7841,"synopsis":7842,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":7843,"slug":7844,"tagsCollection":7845,"authorsCollection":7851},{"id":6892},"2sFCww9xnI8okIxhtOaiY1",{"json":6894},{"data":6895,"content":6896,"nodeType":1569},{},[6897,6904,6911,6918,6921,6929,6936,6943,6949,6956,6962,6982,6989,7001,7004,7012,7019,7035,7042,7054,7060,7063,7071,7079,7085,7094,7114,7123,7130,7139,7158,7167,7174,7183,7216,7225,7232,7241,7259,7265,7274,7281,7290,7331,7334,7342,7351,7371,7380,7387,7396,7429,7435,7444,7451,7457,7460,7467,7476,7483,7543,7549,7552,7559,7568,7575,7581,7584,7591,7598,7605,7675,7682,7745,7752,7755,7763,7770,7777,7783,7786,7793,7800,7807,7814],{"data":6898,"content":6899,"nodeType":883},{},[6900],{"data":6901,"marks":6902,"value":6903,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The biggest cybersecurity story this year (so far) has been the emergence of “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” and their record-breaking worldwide hacking spree. ",{"data":6905,"content":6906,"nodeType":883},{},[6907],{"data":6908,"marks":6909,"value":6910,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters is part of “The Com”, the name for the broad community of English-speaking cybercriminals with international criminal connections — including with nation-state sponsored groups. They are also known to collaborate with a range of cybercrime “as-a-Service” organizations for phishing, initial access, ransomware, and more. ",{"data":6912,"content":6913,"nodeType":883},{},[6914],{"data":6915,"marks":6916,"value":6917,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s difficult to pin down exactly who the individuals are that make up this criminal collective. But what is known is their MO — making money through extortion by means of account takeover, mass data theft, and ransomware deployment. ",{"data":6919,"content":6920,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":6922,"content":6923,"nodeType":912},{},[6924],{"data":6925,"marks":6926,"value":6928,"nodeType":867},{},[6927],{"type":910},"How did we get here? ",{"data":6930,"content":6931,"nodeType":883},{},[6932],{"data":6933,"marks":6934,"value":6935,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Earlier this year, the threat group known to most analysts as Scattered Spider (also tracked as 0ktapus, Octo Tempest, Scatter Swine, Muddled Libra, and UNC3944) re-emerged after a series of arrests in late 2024. ",{"data":6937,"content":6938,"nodeType":883},{},[6939],{"data":6940,"marks":6941,"value":6942,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This group has been active in peaks and troughs over the years, but are mainly known for high-profile ransomware attacks on Caesars and MGM Resorts in 2024. ",{"data":6944,"content":6948,"nodeType":892},{"target":6945},{"sys":6946},{"id":6947,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1Vt269d7n6IGMzOrJs1FDx",[],{"data":6950,"content":6951,"nodeType":883},{},[6952],{"data":6953,"marks":6954,"value":6955,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider hit the headlines again in April 2025 with attacks on UK retailers Marks & Spencer and Co-op, which resulted in significant, prolonged disruption, and a serious downstream impact on the retail supply chain. ",{"data":6957,"content":6961,"nodeType":892},{"target":6958},{"sys":6959},{"id":6960,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3kvcGV2zZZUPnM8IK04Y1O",[],{"data":6963,"content":6964,"nodeType":883},{},[6965,6969,6978],{"data":6966,"marks":6967,"value":6968,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It didn’t stop there, though. What followed was a wide-scale campaign targeting Salesforce customers, with the attackers claiming to have stolen ",{"data":6970,"content":6972,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6971},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claims-15-billion-salesforce-records-stolen-in-drift-hacks/",[6973],{"data":6974,"marks":6975,"value":6977,"nodeType":867},{},[6976],{"type":876},"over 1.5 billion records from 1000+ companies",{"data":6979,"marks":6980,"value":6981,"nodeType":867},{},[]," across multiple verticals, including heavyweights like Google, Cloudflare, Workday, Adidas, FedEx, Disney, LVMH, and many more.",{"data":6983,"content":6984,"nodeType":883},{},[6985],{"data":6986,"marks":6987,"value":6988,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Around this time, the attackers began to refer to themselves as part of a wider collective, assuming the moniker “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” (a mash-up of names given by analysts and self-adopted by attackers — Scattered Spider, ShinyHunters, and Lapsus$).",{"data":6990,"content":6991,"nodeType":883},{},[6992,6996],{"data":6993,"marks":6994,"value":6995,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The most significant breach this year to-date impacted Jaguar Land Rover. A ransomware attack resulted in months of disruption that directly impacted the UK’s GDP, with the government underwriting a $1.5B loan to alleviate the supply chain impact. ",{"data":6997,"marks":6998,"value":7000,"nodeType":867},{},[6999],{"type":910},"In fact, this was the most economically consequential cyber attack yet recorded in a G7 economy. ",{"data":7002,"content":7003,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":7005,"content":7006,"nodeType":912},{},[7007],{"data":7008,"marks":7009,"value":7011,"nodeType":867},{},[7010],{"type":910},"2025 wasn’t a one-off",{"data":7013,"content":7014,"nodeType":883},{},[7015],{"data":7016,"marks":7017,"value":7018,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The developments through 2025 have presented a stronger picture than ever before that cybercriminal operations are heavily interlinked. Groups overlap considerably, and individuals freely move between different cells. ",{"data":7020,"content":7021,"nodeType":883},{},[7022,7026,7031],{"data":7023,"marks":7024,"value":7025,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we scratch beneath the surface, this is evident in the tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) used by these attackers — even stretching as far back as 2021 with the initial rise of Lapsus$. This is not an accident. ",{"data":7027,"marks":7028,"value":7030,"nodeType":867},{},[7029],{"type":910},"The TTPs used show a conscious move by attackers to move away from environments that are well-protected by traditional security tools. ",{"data":7032,"marks":7033,"value":7034,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means avoiding targeting endpoints with malware, and not relying on software-based exploits. Instead, these attackers look to take over apps and services directly over the internet. ",{"data":7036,"content":7037,"nodeType":883},{},[7038],{"data":7039,"marks":7040,"value":7041,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most of the time, this is as simple as logging in to a SaaS app, or an enterprise SSO account (e.g. Microsoft, Okta, or Google) and dumping the data. For attackers that want to take it further, they can abuse the sprawl of interconnected apps that make up modern business IT, seeking out specific data or exploitable functionality. Or, they can leverage internet-accessible management portals to chart a path back to your on-premise assets, giving them everything they need to pivot toward more conventional methods such as ransomware deployment. ",{"data":7043,"content":7044,"nodeType":883},{},[7045,7049],{"data":7046,"marks":7047,"value":7048,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we look at historical breaches, the pattern is clear. ",{"data":7050,"marks":7051,"value":7053,"nodeType":867},{},[7052],{"type":910},"Not one of the attacks attributed to Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters, or its predecessors, started with an endpoint or network attack — they all began with account takeover. ",{"data":7055,"content":7059,"nodeType":892},{"target":7056},{"sys":7057},{"id":7058,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6poP5VM2ARrEvwKEG42HgK",[],{"data":7061,"content":7062,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":7064,"content":7065,"nodeType":912},{},[7066],{"data":7067,"marks":7068,"value":7070,"nodeType":867},{},[7069],{"type":910},"TTP breakdown: Analyzing the top “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” breaches since 2021",{"data":7072,"content":7073,"nodeType":921},{},[7074],{"data":7075,"marks":7076,"value":7078,"nodeType":867},{},[7077],{"type":910},"Phishing and stolen credentials",{"data":7080,"content":7084,"nodeType":892},{"target":7081},{"sys":7082},{"id":7083,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4SNOanDIdGZsvRRnMYQVSo",[],{"data":7086,"content":7087,"nodeType":883},{},[7088],{"data":7089,"marks":7090,"value":7093,"nodeType":867},{},[7091,7092],{"type":910},{"type":876},"EA Games (2021)",{"data":7095,"content":7096,"nodeType":883},{},[7097,7101,7110],{"data":7098,"marks":7099,"value":7100,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers used stolen session cookies to log into EA’s Slack instance, purchased on a criminal forum. Combined with ",{"data":7102,"content":7104,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7103},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-slack-persistence/",[7105],{"data":7106,"marks":7107,"value":7109,"nodeType":867},{},[7108],{"type":876},"social engineering via Slack",{"data":7111,"marks":7112,"value":7113,"nodeType":867},{},[],", this was used to steal 750GB of data, including video game source code. ",{"data":7115,"content":7116,"nodeType":883},{},[7117],{"data":7118,"marks":7119,"value":7122,"nodeType":867},{},[7120,7121],{"type":910},{"type":876},"Nvidia (2022)",{"data":7124,"content":7125,"nodeType":883},{},[7126],{"data":7127,"marks":7128,"value":7129,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to steal 1TB of data from Nvidia’s internal shares, including a significant amount of sensitive information about the designs of Nvidia graphics cards, source code, and the usernames and passwords of more than 71,000 Nvidia employees.",{"data":7131,"content":7132,"nodeType":883},{},[7133],{"data":7134,"marks":7135,"value":7138,"nodeType":867},{},[7136,7137],{"type":910},{"type":876},"Microsoft (2022)",{"data":7140,"content":7141,"nodeType":883},{},[7142,7146,7154],{"data":7143,"marks":7144,"value":7145,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials combined with SIM swapping and ",{"data":7147,"content":7149,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7148},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_fatigue/description.md",[7150],{"data":7151,"marks":7152,"value":7153,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MFA fatigue",{"data":7155,"marks":7156,"value":7157,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks to steal Azure DevOps source code — leaked a 9GB archive of Microsoft source code – including ~90% of Bing and 45% of Cortana code. ",{"data":7159,"content":7160,"nodeType":883},{},[7161],{"data":7162,"marks":7163,"value":7166,"nodeType":867},{},[7164,7165],{"type":910},{"type":876},"T-Mobile (2022)",{"data":7168,"content":7169,"nodeType":883},{},[7170],{"data":7171,"marks":7172,"value":7173,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to establish initial access, coupled with social engineering T-Mobile staff into approving the attacker’s device for VPN access. This resulted in source code being stolen from over 30,000 repositories. ",{"data":7175,"content":7176,"nodeType":883},{},[7177],{"data":7178,"marks":7179,"value":7182,"nodeType":867},{},[7180,7181],{"type":910},{"type":876},"Snowflake (165 customers) (2024)",{"data":7184,"content":7185,"nodeType":883},{},[7186,7190,7199,7203,7212],{"data":7187,"marks":7188,"value":7189,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers targeted ",{"data":7191,"content":7193,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro/",[7194],{"data":7195,"marks":7196,"value":7198,"nodeType":867},{},[7197],{"type":876},"165 Snowflake customers",{"data":7200,"marks":7201,"value":7202,"nodeType":867},{},[]," using stolen credentials from credential breaches dating back as far as 2020. Due to widespread MFA gaps and the presence of ",{"data":7204,"content":7206,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/ghost_logins/description.md",[7207],{"data":7208,"marks":7209,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[7210],{"type":876},"ghost logins",{"data":7213,"marks":7214,"value":7215,"nodeType":867},{},[],", attackers were able to simply log in to individual customer tenants, dump the data, and use it to extort the companies. In total, 9 public victims were named following the breach, with over 1B breached customer records. ",{"data":7217,"content":7218,"nodeType":883},{},[7219],{"data":7220,"marks":7221,"value":7224,"nodeType":867},{},[7222,7223],{"type":910},{"type":876},"PowerSchool (2024)",{"data":7226,"content":7227,"nodeType":883},{},[7228],{"data":7229,"marks":7230,"value":7231,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers gained access to a community-focused customer support portal, PowerSource, using compromised credentials and stole data using an \"export data manager\" customer support tool, stealing the data of 62.4 million students and 9.5 million teachers. PowerSchool paid an undisclosed ransom fee, but hackers returned later to extort schools and individuals separately anyway.",{"data":7233,"content":7234,"nodeType":883},{},[7235],{"data":7236,"marks":7237,"value":7240,"nodeType":867},{},[7238,7239],{"type":910},{"type":876},"Red Hat (2025)",{"data":7242,"content":7243,"nodeType":883},{},[7244,7248,7255],{"data":7245,"marks":7246,"value":7247,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers breached Red Hat’s GitLab instance via a compromised account — the result of ",{"data":7249,"content":7250,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[7251],{"data":7252,"marks":7253,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[7254],{"type":876},{"data":7256,"marks":7257,"value":7258,"nodeType":867},{},[]," providing a backdoor to access an otherwise secure, SSO-connected account. Stolen data included approximately 800 Customer Engagement Reports (CERs), authentication tokens, full database URIs, and other private information in Red Hat code and CERs, which they claimed to use to gain access to downstream customer infrastructure. ",{"data":7260,"content":7264,"nodeType":892},{"target":7261},{"sys":7262},{"id":7263,"type":889,"linkType":890},"G1V7d5Dvevmr9p0YXElPX",[],{"data":7266,"content":7267,"nodeType":883},{},[7268],{"data":7269,"marks":7270,"value":7273,"nodeType":867},{},[7271,7272],{"type":910},{"type":876},"Discord (2025)",{"data":7275,"content":7276,"nodeType":883},{},[7277],{"data":7278,"marks":7279,"value":7280,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Zendesk customer support account, stealing 1.6TB of data. The hackers say this consisted of roughly 8.4 million tickets affecting 5.5 million unique users, and that about 580,000 users contained payment information.",{"data":7282,"content":7283,"nodeType":883},{},[7284],{"data":7285,"marks":7286,"value":7289,"nodeType":867},{},[7287,7288],{"type":910},{"type":876},"SoundCloud, MatchGroup, Crunchbase, Betterment... (2026)",{"data":7291,"content":7292,"nodeType":883},{},[7293,7297,7305,7308,7316,7320,7327],{"data":7294,"marks":7295,"value":7296,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters have already claimed several public victims in 2026, with over 60 million breached records. ",{"data":7298,"content":7300,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7299},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claim-to-be-behind-sso-account-data-theft-attacks/",[7301],{"data":7302,"marks":7303,"value":7304,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SoundCloud, Betterment, Crunchbase",{"data":7306,"marks":7307,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7309,"content":7311,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7310},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/match-group-breach-exposes-data-from-hinge-tinder-okcupid-and-match/",[7312],{"data":7313,"marks":7314,"value":7315,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MatchGroup",{"data":7317,"marks":7318,"value":7319,"nodeType":867},{},[]," have all reported breaches this month, powered by a brand ",{"data":7321,"content":7322,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2188},[7323],{"data":7324,"marks":7325,"value":7326,"nodeType":867},{},[],"new real-time-operated AiTM phishing kit",{"data":7328,"marks":7329,"value":7330,"nodeType":867},{},[]," targeting Okta, Entra, and Google SSO accounts. This is a developing situation, with more victims expected to be announced publicly soon.",{"data":7332,"content":7333,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":7335,"content":7336,"nodeType":921},{},[7337],{"data":7338,"marks":7339,"value":7341,"nodeType":867},{},[7340],{"type":910},"Vishing and help desk scams",{"data":7343,"content":7344,"nodeType":883},{},[7345],{"data":7346,"marks":7347,"value":7350,"nodeType":867},{},[7348,7349],{"type":910},{"type":876},"MGM Resorts & Caesars (2023)",{"data":7352,"content":7353,"nodeType":883},{},[7354,7358,7367],{"data":7355,"marks":7356,"value":7357,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MGM Resorts and Caesars were hit with twin breaches in 2023. Attackers socially engineered help desk personnel to take over accounts with Super Administrator privileges within MGM Resorts’ Okta tenant, which they then used to register a second, attacker-controlled IdP via ",{"data":7359,"content":7361,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7360},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/inbound_federation/description.md",[7362],{"data":7363,"marks":7364,"value":7366,"nodeType":867},{},[7365],{"type":876},"inbound federation",{"data":7368,"marks":7369,"value":7370,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — granting comprehensive access that was used to deploy ransomware. ",{"data":7372,"content":7373,"nodeType":883},{},[7374],{"data":7375,"marks":7376,"value":7379,"nodeType":867},{},[7377,7378],{"type":910},{"type":876},"Transport for London (2024)",{"data":7381,"content":7382,"nodeType":883},{},[7383],{"data":7384,"marks":7385,"value":7386,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers socially engineered the Transport for London help desk to gain privileged access to the IT environment, resulting in prolonged disruption to key online services underpinning London’s public transport network, theft of 5,000 users bank details, and all 30,000 staff members having to reset their online credentials in person.",{"data":7388,"content":7389,"nodeType":883},{},[7390],{"data":7391,"marks":7392,"value":7395,"nodeType":867},{},[7393,7394],{"type":910},{"type":876},"Marks & Spencer (2025)",{"data":7397,"content":7398,"nodeType":883},{},[7399,7403,7412,7416,7425],{"data":7400,"marks":7401,"value":7402,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Microsoft Entra account belonging to a privileged user via a ",{"data":7404,"content":7406,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7405},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-spider-defending-against-help-desk-scams/",[7407],{"data":7408,"marks":7409,"value":7411,"nodeType":867},{},[7410],{"type":876},"help desk scam",{"data":7413,"marks":7414,"value":7415,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which enabled them to steal sensitive data from cloud environments, as well as pivot to deploy ransomware via the ",{"data":7417,"content":7419,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7418},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/vsphere-active-directory-integration-risks",[7420],{"data":7421,"marks":7422,"value":7424,"nodeType":867},{},[7423],{"type":876},"VMware admin console",{"data":7426,"marks":7427,"value":7428,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This enabled ransomware to be deployed at the hypervisor layer, evading host-based protections like EDR. ",{"data":7430,"content":7434,"nodeType":892},{"target":7431},{"sys":7432},{"id":7433,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7hBdHG74NaA3bQfOMpYA9o",[],{"data":7436,"content":7437,"nodeType":883},{},[7438],{"data":7439,"marks":7440,"value":7443,"nodeType":867},{},[7441,7442],{"type":910},{"type":876},"Jaguar Land Rover (2025)",{"data":7445,"content":7446,"nodeType":883},{},[7447],{"data":7448,"marks":7449,"value":7450,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers compromised highly privileged admin accounts via a help desk scam, which they leveraged to access and deploy ransomware to all aspects of Jaguar’s business, from CAD and engineering software, to payments tracking, to customer car delivery, using similar techniques to the Marks & Spencer breach. ",{"data":7452,"content":7456,"nodeType":892},{"target":7453},{"sys":7454},{"id":7455,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6s1X2fo4K9EeVLBmHm4YXb",[],{"data":7458,"content":7459,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":7461,"content":7462,"nodeType":921},{},[7463],{"data":7464,"marks":7465,"value":694,"nodeType":867},{},[7466],{"type":910},{"data":7468,"content":7469,"nodeType":883},{},[7470],{"data":7471,"marks":7472,"value":7475,"nodeType":867},{},[7473,7474],{"type":910},{"type":876},"Salesforce & Salesloft (1000+ customers) (2025)",{"data":7477,"content":7478,"nodeType":883},{},[7479],{"data":7480,"marks":7481,"value":7482,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A vast campaign against Salesforce customers resulted in the compromise of 1000+ Salesforce tenants (according to the attacker) with more than 1.5 billion records stolen. This campaign can consisted of three phases:",{"data":7484,"content":7485,"nodeType":1526},{},[7486,7501,7516],{"data":7487,"content":7488,"nodeType":1505},{},[7489],{"data":7490,"content":7491,"nodeType":883},{},[7492,7497],{"data":7493,"marks":7494,"value":7496,"nodeType":867},{},[7495],{"type":910},"Phase 1:",{"data":7498,"marks":7499,"value":7500,"nodeType":867},{},[]," The attacker conducted a large-scale vishing campaign against Salesforce customers, calling up users and socially engineering them into connecting a malicious version of the “Data Loader” app into their tenant. This was in fact an attacker-controlled app that enabled data to be mass-exfiltrated via API. ",{"data":7502,"content":7503,"nodeType":1505},{},[7504],{"data":7505,"content":7506,"nodeType":883},{},[7507,7512],{"data":7508,"marks":7509,"value":7511,"nodeType":867},{},[7510],{"type":910},"Phase 2: ",{"data":7513,"marks":7514,"value":7515,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker conducted a supply-chain compromise against customers of Salesloft. Users of Salesloft’s “Drift” integration were impacted by attackers stealing access tokens from Salesloft’s AWS environment. This integration allowed the attacker to steal data from customers that had deployed Drift to connected environments — namely, Salesforce, and Google Workspace. ",{"data":7517,"content":7518,"nodeType":1505},{},[7519],{"data":7520,"content":7521,"nodeType":883},{},[7522,7527,7531,7539],{"data":7523,"marks":7524,"value":7526,"nodeType":867},{},[7525],{"type":910},"Phase 3:",{"data":7528,"marks":7529,"value":7530,"nodeType":867},{},[]," The attacker then conducted a separate supply-chain compromise involving Gainsight (allegedly using OAuth tokens stolen in the Salesloft attack) which enabled them to ",{"data":7532,"content":7534,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7533},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/salesforce-investigates-customer-data-theft-via-gainsight-breach/",[7535],{"data":7536,"marks":7537,"value":7538,"nodeType":867},{},[],"breach a further 285 Salesforce instances",{"data":7540,"marks":7541,"value":7542,"nodeType":867},{},[]," using stolen OAuth tokens from Gainsight's integrations. ",{"data":7544,"content":7548,"nodeType":892},{"target":7545},{"sys":7546},{"id":7547,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3TwjpVKQ42SwQRhvGFbZdn",[],{"data":7550,"content":7551,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":7553,"content":7554,"nodeType":921},{},[7555],{"data":7556,"marks":7557,"value":699,"nodeType":867},{},[7558],{"type":910},{"data":7560,"content":7561,"nodeType":883},{},[7562],{"data":7563,"marks":7564,"value":7567,"nodeType":867},{},[7565,7566],{"type":910},{"type":876},"CyberHaven (2024)",{"data":7569,"content":7570,"nodeType":883},{},[7571],{"data":7572,"marks":7573,"value":7574,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hackers phished a CyberHaven extension developer and uploaded a malicious version of the CyberHaven extension to the Chrome Web Store, leading to customer data breaches where installed in user browsers, impacting CyberHaven’s estimated ~400 business customers. This was part of a broader campaign that targeted 35 Chrome extensions, collectively impacting over 2.5 million users.",{"data":7576,"content":7580,"nodeType":892},{"target":7577},{"sys":7578},{"id":7579,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4ErDI0xi0Vj2Zrk8Qsb2NB",[],{"data":7582,"content":7583,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":7585,"content":7586,"nodeType":912},{},[7587],{"data":7588,"marks":7589,"value":1432,"nodeType":867},{},[7590],{"type":910},{"data":7592,"content":7593,"nodeType":883},{},[7594],{"data":7595,"marks":7596,"value":7597,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters are dominating the headlines right now, but they aren’t the only attackers using these modern techniques and consciously evading established security controls. ",{"data":7599,"content":7600,"nodeType":883},{},[7601],{"data":7602,"marks":7603,"value":7604,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Threat reports agree that attackers are steering away from traditional exploit and malware-driven breaches towards identities:",{"data":7606,"content":7607,"nodeType":1526},{},[7608,7631,7653],{"data":7609,"content":7610,"nodeType":1505},{},[7611],{"data":7612,"content":7613,"nodeType":883},{},[7614,7618,7627],{"data":7615,"marks":7616,"value":7617,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identity-based attacks surged 32% in the last year, while 97% of identity attacks are password-based, driven by credential leaks and infostealer malware. (",{"data":7619,"content":7621,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7620},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf#page=1",[7622],{"data":7623,"marks":7624,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[7625],{"type":876},"Microsoft",{"data":7628,"marks":7629,"value":7630,"nodeType":867},{},[],")",{"data":7632,"content":7633,"nodeType":1505},{},[7634],{"data":7635,"content":7636,"nodeType":883},{},[7637,7641,7650],{"data":7638,"marks":7639,"value":7640,"nodeType":867},{},[],"79% of detections were malware-free in the last year, up from 40% in 2019. (",{"data":7642,"content":7644,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7643},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/global-threat-report/",[7645],{"data":7646,"marks":7647,"value":7649,"nodeType":867},{},[7648],{"type":876},"CrowdStrike",{"data":7651,"marks":7652,"value":7630,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7654,"content":7655,"nodeType":1505},{},[7656],{"data":7657,"content":7658,"nodeType":883},{},[7659,7663,7672],{"data":7660,"marks":7661,"value":7662,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Credential abuse and phishing combined accounted for 38% of breaches, making identity the primary breach vector observed. (",{"data":7664,"content":7666,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7665},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/",[7667],{"data":7668,"marks":7669,"value":7671,"nodeType":867},{},[7670],{"type":876},"Verizon",{"data":7673,"marks":7674,"value":7630,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7676,"content":7677,"nodeType":883},{},[7678],{"data":7679,"marks":7680,"value":7681,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And other public breaches from this year alone demonstrate similar TTPs from outside of the Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters orbit:",{"data":7683,"content":7684,"nodeType":1526},{},[7685,7700,7715,7730],{"data":7686,"content":7687,"nodeType":1505},{},[7688],{"data":7689,"content":7690,"nodeType":883},{},[7691,7696],{"data":7692,"marks":7693,"value":7695,"nodeType":867},{},[7694],{"type":910},"Nikkei",{"data":7697,"marks":7698,"value":7699,"nodeType":867},{},[],": Japanese publishing giant Nikkei’s Slack messaging platform was compromised using stolen credentials, leaking the names, email addresses, and chat histories for 17,368 individuals registered on Slack.",{"data":7701,"content":7702,"nodeType":1505},{},[7703],{"data":7704,"content":7705,"nodeType":883},{},[7706,7711],{"data":7707,"marks":7708,"value":7710,"nodeType":867},{},[7709],{"type":910},"Evertec",{"data":7712,"marks":7713,"value":7714,"nodeType":867},{},[],": Hackers tried to steal $130 million from Evertec’s Brazilian subsidiary Sinqia S.A.after gaining unauthorized access to its environment on the central bank’s real-time payment system (Pix) using stolen credentials.",{"data":7716,"content":7717,"nodeType":1505},{},[7718],{"data":7719,"content":7720,"nodeType":883},{},[7721,7726],{"data":7722,"marks":7723,"value":7725,"nodeType":867},{},[7724],{"type":910},"Hy-Vee:",{"data":7727,"marks":7728,"value":7729,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Was hit with a data breach after hackers logged in with stolen credentials, exposing 53GB of sensitive data.",{"data":7731,"content":7732,"nodeType":1505},{},[7733],{"data":7734,"content":7735,"nodeType":883},{},[7736,7741],{"data":7737,"marks":7738,"value":7740,"nodeType":867},{},[7739],{"type":910},"Scania: ",{"data":7742,"marks":7743,"value":7744,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Automotive giant Scania confirmed it suffered a cybersecurity incident where threat actors used compromised credentials to breach its Financial Services systems and steal insurance claim documents.",{"data":7746,"content":7747,"nodeType":883},{},[7748],{"data":7749,"marks":7750,"value":7751,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters may be grabbing the headlines — but this a huge movement in a vast and flexible community of attackers. And criminals around the world are learning from their success. ",{"data":7753,"content":7754,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":7756,"content":7757,"nodeType":912},{},[7758],{"data":7759,"marks":7760,"value":7762,"nodeType":867},{},[7761],{"type":910},"Lessons learned",{"data":7764,"content":7765,"nodeType":883},{},[7766],{"data":7767,"marks":7768,"value":7769,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The common thread with all of these attacks is that they are evading established security controls by targeting applications directly, over the internet, via account takeover.",{"data":7771,"content":7772,"nodeType":883},{},[7773],{"data":7774,"marks":7775,"value":7776,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Clearly, the success of these attacks shows the limitations of multiple control layers. Endpoint and network layer controls have no visibility of this attack surface. Identity-focused controls are being undermined by ghost logins and shadow IT. And the limitations of cloud security controls in their ability to encompass all apps, and detect and stop malicious actions in real-time (that often blend in seamlessly with normal user activity). ",{"data":7778,"content":7782,"nodeType":892},{"target":7779},{"sys":7780},{"id":7781,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4Dg3fZEGf7ShyQJ8jlNDME",[],{"data":7784,"content":7785,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":7787,"content":7788,"nodeType":912},{},[7789],{"data":7790,"marks":7791,"value":6771,"nodeType":867},{},[7792],{"type":910},{"data":7794,"content":7795,"nodeType":883},{},[7796],{"data":7797,"marks":7798,"value":7799,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stopping attacks that are designed to evade established controls is in our DNA — it’s the reason Push was founded. ",{"data":7801,"content":7802,"nodeType":883},{},[7803],{"data":7804,"marks":7805,"value":7806,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The browser is the gateway to to the apps and identities that attackers are now targeting, with many attacks taking place inside the user’s browser — whether that’s entering credentials onto a phishing page, approving a malicious OAuth grant, installing a risky browser extension, or insecurely accessing an app with a weak password and no MFA. ",{"data":7808,"content":7809,"nodeType":883},{},[7810],{"data":7811,"marks":7812,"value":7813,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":7815,"content":7816,"nodeType":883},{},[7817,7820,7827,7831,7838],{"data":7818,"marks":7819,"value":6838,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7821,"content":7822,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[7823],{"data":7824,"marks":7825,"value":6847,"nodeType":867},{},[7826],{"type":876},{"data":7828,"marks":7829,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[]," or ",{"data":7832,"content":7833,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[7834],{"data":7835,"marks":7836,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[7837],{"type":876},{"data":7839,"marks":7840,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters\" — how modern attackers exploit the gaps in your security stack ","How Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters breaches demonstrate the evolution of attacker TTPs, shaping the future of cyber attacks.","2025-11-13T00:00:00.000Z","scattered-lapsus-hunters",{"items":7846},[7847,7849],{"sys":7848,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":7850,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":7852},[7853],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":7854},{"url":2541},{"__typename":1670,"sys":7856,"content":7858,"title":8484,"synopsis":8485,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":8486,"slug":8487,"tagsCollection":8488,"authorsCollection":8494},{"id":7857},"3ExexM6DB2QBOQrtbMrXnN",{"json":7859},{"data":7860,"content":7861,"nodeType":1569},{},[7862,7868,7900,7993,8070,8077,8080,8087,8094,8101,8117,8124,8131,8134,8141,8148,8155,8188,8195,8218,8225,8228,8235,8242,8261,8348,8355,8361,8364,8371,8378,8385,8391,8412,8418,8425,8428,8435,8455,8472,8478],{"data":7863,"content":7867,"nodeType":892},{"target":7864},{"sys":7865},{"id":7866,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6BjaSruVecmhn1NoHreRni",[],{"data":7869,"content":7870,"nodeType":883},{},[7871,7875,7884,7887,7896],{"data":7872,"marks":7873,"value":7874,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider have been busy. Major breaches of UK retailers ",{"data":7876,"content":7878,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7877},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/mands-says-customer-data-stolen-in-cyberattack-forces-password-resets/",[7879],{"data":7880,"marks":7881,"value":7883,"nodeType":867},{},[7882],{"type":876},"Marks and Spencer",{"data":7885,"marks":7886,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7888,"content":7890,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7889},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/co-op-confirms-data-theft-after-dragonforce-ransomware-claims-attack/",[7891],{"data":7892,"marks":7893,"value":7895,"nodeType":867},{},[7894],{"type":876},"Co-op",{"data":7897,"marks":7898,"value":7899,"nodeType":867},{},[]," resulted in the loss of sensitive data and prolonged disruption to in-store and digital services, with M&S feeling the pain of £300m in lost profits and a share value hit approaching £1b, and a multimillion-pound class action lawsuit and possible ICO fines looming.",{"data":7901,"content":7902,"nodeType":883},{},[7903,7907,7916,7919,7928,7931,7940,7943,7952,7955,7964,7967,7976,7980,7989],{"data":7904,"marks":7905,"value":7906,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A series of attacks against retailers worldwide soon followed, at an unprecedented rate. ",{"data":7908,"content":7910,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7909},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fashion-giant-dior-discloses-cyberattack-warns-of-data-breach/",[7911],{"data":7912,"marks":7913,"value":7915,"nodeType":867},{},[7914],{"type":876},"Dior",{"data":7917,"marks":7918,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7920,"content":7922,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7921},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/the-north-face-warns-customers-of-april-credential-stuffing-attack/",[7923],{"data":7924,"marks":7925,"value":7927,"nodeType":867},{},[7926],{"type":876},"The North Face",{"data":7929,"marks":7930,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7932,"content":7934,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7933},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/cartier-discloses-data-breach-amid-fashion-brand-cyberattacks/",[7935],{"data":7936,"marks":7937,"value":7939,"nodeType":867},{},[7938],{"type":876},"Cartier",{"data":7941,"marks":7942,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7944,"content":7946,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7945},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/victorias-secret-delays-earnings-release-after-security-incident/",[7947],{"data":7948,"marks":7949,"value":7951,"nodeType":867},{},[7950],{"type":876},"Victoria’s Secret",{"data":7953,"marks":7954,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7956,"content":7958,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7957},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/adidas-warns-of-data-breach-after-customer-service-provider-hack/",[7959],{"data":7960,"marks":7961,"value":7963,"nodeType":867},{},[7962],{"type":876},"Adidas",{"data":7965,"marks":7966,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":7968,"content":7970,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7969},"https://www.scworld.com/brief/separate-ransomware-attacks-purportedly-hit-coca-cola-bottling-partner",[7971],{"data":7972,"marks":7973,"value":7975,"nodeType":867},{},[7974],{"type":876},"Coca-Cola",{"data":7977,"marks":7978,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and ",{"data":7981,"content":7983,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7982},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/grocery-wholesale-giant-united-natural-foods-hit-by-cyberattack/",[7984],{"data":7985,"marks":7986,"value":7988,"nodeType":867},{},[7987],{"type":876},"United Natural Foods",{"data":7990,"marks":7991,"value":7992,"nodeType":867},{},[]," were among the retailers to suffer a breach between May-June 2025. ",{"data":7994,"content":7995,"nodeType":883},{},[7996,8000,8009,8012,8021,8025,8034,8038,8046,8049,8057,8060,8067],{"data":7997,"marks":7998,"value":7999,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The latest news links the hackers to attacks on ",{"data":8001,"content":8003,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8002},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/aflac-discloses-breach-amidst-scattered-spider-insurance-attacks/",[8004],{"data":8005,"marks":8006,"value":8008,"nodeType":867},{},[8007],{"type":876},"Aflac",{"data":8010,"marks":8011,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":8013,"content":8015,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8014},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/google-warns-scattered-spider-hackers-now-target-us-insurance-companies/",[8016],{"data":8017,"marks":8018,"value":8020,"nodeType":867},{},[8019],{"type":876},"Philadelphia Insurance Companies",{"data":8022,"marks":8023,"value":8024,"nodeType":867},{},[],",  ",{"data":8026,"content":8028,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8027},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/erie-insurance-confirms-cyberattack-behind-business-disruptions/amp/",[8029],{"data":8030,"marks":8031,"value":8033,"nodeType":867},{},[8032],{"type":876},"Erie Insurance",{"data":8035,"marks":8036,"value":8037,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and most recently ",{"data":8039,"content":8041,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8040},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/qantas-is-being-extorted-in-recent-data-theft-cyberattack/",[8042],{"data":8043,"marks":8044,"value":8045,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Qantas",{"data":8047,"marks":8048,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":8050,"content":8052,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8051},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/scattered-spider-hackers-shift-focus-to-aviation-transportation-firms/",[8053],{"data":8054,"marks":8055,"value":8056,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hawaiian Airlines",{"data":8058,"marks":8059,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":8061,"content":8062,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8051},[8063],{"data":8064,"marks":8065,"value":8066,"nodeType":867},{},[],"WestJet",{"data":8068,"marks":8069,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":8071,"content":8072,"nodeType":883},{},[8073],{"data":8074,"marks":8075,"value":8076,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The top story from recent campaigns is the use of help desk scams. This typically involves the attacker calling up a company’s help desk with some level of information — at minimum, PII that allows them to impersonate their victim, and sometimes a password, leaning heavily on their native English-speaking abilities to trick the help desk operator into giving them access to a user account. ",{"data":8078,"content":8079,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":8081,"content":8082,"nodeType":912},{},[8083],{"data":8084,"marks":8085,"value":8086,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Help desk scams 101",{"data":8088,"content":8089,"nodeType":883},{},[8090],{"data":8091,"marks":8092,"value":8093,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The goal of a help desk scam is to get the help desk operator to reset the credentials and/or MFA used to access an account so the attacker can take control of it. They’ll use a variety of backstories and tactics to get that done, but most of the time it’s as simple as saying “I’ve got a new phone, can you remove my existing MFA and allow me to enroll a new one?”",{"data":8095,"content":8096,"nodeType":883},{},[8097],{"data":8098,"marks":8099,"value":8100,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From there, the attacker is then sent an MFA reset link via email or SMS. Usually, this would be sent to, for example, a number on file — but at this point, the attacker has already established trust and bypassed the help desk process to a degree. So asking “can you send it to this email address” or “I’ve actually got a new number too, can you send it to…” gets this sent directly to the attacker. ",{"data":8102,"content":8103,"nodeType":883},{},[8104,8108,8113],{"data":8105,"marks":8106,"value":8107,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At this point, it’s simply a case of using the self service password reset functionality for Okta or Entra (which you can get around because you now have the MFA factor to verify yourself) and ",{"data":8109,"marks":8110,"value":8112,"nodeType":867},{},[8111],{"type":2278},"voila",{"data":8114,"marks":8115,"value":8116,"nodeType":867},{},[],", the attacker has taken control of the account. ",{"data":8118,"content":8119,"nodeType":883},{},[8120],{"data":8121,"marks":8122,"value":8123,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And the best part? Most help desks have the same process for every account — it doesn’t matter who you’re impersonating or which account you’re trying to reset. So, attackers are specifically targeting accounts likely to have top tier admin privileges — meaning once they get in, progressing the attack is trivial and much of the typical privilege escalation and lateral movement is removed from the attack path. ",{"data":8125,"content":8126,"nodeType":883},{},[8127],{"data":8128,"marks":8129,"value":8130,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, help desk scams have proved to be a reliable way of bypassing MFA and achieving account takeover — the foothold from which to launch the rest of an attack, such as stealing data, deploying ransomware, etc. ",{"data":8132,"content":8133,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":8135,"content":8136,"nodeType":912},{},[8137],{"data":8138,"marks":8139,"value":8140,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Avoiding help desk gotchas",{"data":8142,"content":8143,"nodeType":883},{},[8144],{"data":8145,"marks":8146,"value":8147,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s lots of advice for securing help desks being circulated, but much of the advice still results in a process that is either phishable or difficult to implement. ",{"data":8149,"content":8150,"nodeType":883},{},[8151],{"data":8152,"marks":8153,"value":8154,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ultimately, organizations need to be prepared to introduce friction to their help desk process and either delay or deny requests in situations where there’s significant risk. So, for example, having a process for MFA reset that recognizes the risk associated with resetting a high-privileged account:",{"data":8156,"content":8157,"nodeType":1526},{},[8158,8168,8178],{"data":8159,"content":8160,"nodeType":1505},{},[8161],{"data":8162,"content":8163,"nodeType":883},{},[8164],{"data":8165,"marks":8166,"value":8167,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Require multi-party approval / escalation for admin-level account resets",{"data":8169,"content":8170,"nodeType":1505},{},[8171],{"data":8172,"content":8173,"nodeType":883},{},[8174],{"data":8175,"marks":8176,"value":8177,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Require in-person verification if the process can’t be followed remotely",{"data":8179,"content":8180,"nodeType":1505},{},[8181],{"data":8182,"content":8183,"nodeType":883},{},[8184],{"data":8185,"marks":8186,"value":8187,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Freeze self-service resets when suspicious behavior is encountered (this would require some kind of internal process and awareness training to raise the alarm if an attack is suspected)",{"data":8189,"content":8190,"nodeType":883},{},[8191],{"data":8192,"marks":8193,"value":8194,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And watch out for these gotchas: ",{"data":8196,"content":8197,"nodeType":1526},{},[8198,8208],{"data":8199,"content":8200,"nodeType":1505},{},[8201],{"data":8202,"content":8203,"nodeType":883},{},[8204],{"data":8205,"marks":8206,"value":8207,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you receive a call, good practice is to terminate the call and dial the number on file for the employee. But, in a world of SIM swapping, this isn’t a foolproof solution — you could just be re-dialing the attacker. ",{"data":8209,"content":8210,"nodeType":1505},{},[8211],{"data":8212,"content":8213,"nodeType":883},{},[8214],{"data":8215,"marks":8216,"value":8217,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If your solution is to get the employee on camera, increasingly sophisticated deepfakes can thwart this approach.  ",{"data":8219,"content":8220,"nodeType":883},{},[8221],{"data":8222,"marks":8223,"value":8224,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But, help desks are a target for a reason. They’re “helpful” by nature. This is usually reflected in how they’re operated and performance measured — delays won’t help you to hit those SLAs! Ultimately, a process only works if employees are willing to adhere to it — and can’t be socially engineered to break it. Help desks that are removed from day-to-day operations (especially when outsourced or offshored) are also inherently susceptible to attacks where employees are impersonated. ",{"data":8226,"content":8227,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":8229,"content":8230,"nodeType":912},{},[8231],{"data":8232,"marks":8233,"value":8234,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Comparing help desk scams with other approaches",{"data":8236,"content":8237,"nodeType":883},{},[8238],{"data":8239,"marks":8240,"value":8241,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Taking a step back, it’s worth thinking about how help desk scams fit into the wider toolkit of tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) used by threat actors like Scattered Spider. ",{"data":8243,"content":8244,"nodeType":883},{},[8245,8248,8257],{"data":8246,"marks":8247,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":8249,"content":8251,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8250},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-spider-ttp-evolution-in-2025/",[8252],{"data":8253,"marks":8254,"value":8256,"nodeType":867},{},[8255],{"type":876},"Scattered Spider has heavily relied on identity-based TTPs since they first emerged in 2022",{"data":8258,"marks":8259,"value":8260,"nodeType":867},{},[],", following a repeatable path of bypassing MFA, achieving account takeover on privileged accounts, stealing data from cloud services, and deploying ransomware (principally to VMware environments). ",{"data":8262,"content":8263,"nodeType":1526},{},[8264,8274,8284,8305,8315,8325],{"data":8265,"content":8266,"nodeType":1505},{},[8267],{"data":8268,"content":8269,"nodeType":883},{},[8270],{"data":8271,"marks":8272,"value":8273,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Credential phishing via email and SMS (smishing) to harvest passwords en masse",{"data":8275,"content":8276,"nodeType":1505},{},[8277],{"data":8278,"content":8279,"nodeType":883},{},[8280],{"data":8281,"marks":8282,"value":8283,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using SIM swapping (where you get the carrier to transfer a number to your attacker-controlled SIM card) to bypass SMS-based MFA",{"data":8285,"content":8286,"nodeType":1505},{},[8287],{"data":8288,"content":8289,"nodeType":883},{},[8290,8294,8301],{"data":8291,"marks":8292,"value":8293,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using ",{"data":8295,"content":8296,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7148},[8297],{"data":8298,"marks":8299,"value":7153,"nodeType":867},{},[8300],{"type":876},{"data":8302,"marks":8303,"value":8304,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (aka. push bombing) to bypass app-based push authentication",{"data":8306,"content":8307,"nodeType":1505},{},[8308],{"data":8309,"content":8310,"nodeType":883},{},[8311],{"data":8312,"marks":8313,"value":8314,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using vishing (i.e. directly calling a victim to social engineer their MFA code, as opposed to a help desk attack)",{"data":8316,"content":8317,"nodeType":1505},{},[8318],{"data":8319,"content":8320,"nodeType":883},{},[8321],{"data":8322,"marks":8323,"value":8324,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Social engineering domain registrars to take control of the target organization’s DNS, hijacking their MX records and inbound mail, and using this to take over the company’s business app environments ",{"data":8326,"content":8327,"nodeType":1505},{},[8328],{"data":8329,"content":8330,"nodeType":883},{},[8331,8335,8344],{"data":8332,"marks":8333,"value":8334,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And latterly, using ",{"data":8336,"content":8338,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-2-0-how-phishing-toolkits-are-evolving-with-aitm/",[8339],{"data":8340,"marks":8341,"value":8343,"nodeType":867},{},[8342],{"type":876},"MFA-bypass AiTM phishing kits like Evilginx",{"data":8345,"marks":8346,"value":8347,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to steal live user sessions, bypassing all common forms of MFA (with the exception of WebAuthn/FIDO2) ",{"data":8349,"content":8350,"nodeType":883},{},[8351],{"data":8352,"marks":8353,"value":8354,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, help desk scams are an important part of their toolkit, but it’s not the whole picture. Methods like AiTM in particular have spiked in popularity this year as a reliable and scalable way of bypassing MFA and achieving account takeover, with attackers using these toolkits as the de facto standard, getting creative in their detection evasion methods and in some cases, evading standard delivery vectors like email altogether to ensure the success of their phishing campaigns. ",{"data":8356,"content":8360,"nodeType":892},{"target":8357},{"sys":8358},{"id":8359,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2F2dpOkyXWnrKgFC3dSl67",[],{"data":8362,"content":8363,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":8365,"content":8366,"nodeType":912},{},[8367],{"data":8368,"marks":8369,"value":8370,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stop identity attacks with Push Security",{"data":8372,"content":8373,"nodeType":883},{},[8374],{"data":8375,"marks":8376,"value":8377,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern attacks no longer take place on the endpoint or network — they target identities created and used via the web browser. This means that attacks increasingly take place in the browser (or rather, on resources your employees access through the browser). ",{"data":8379,"content":8380,"nodeType":883},{},[8381],{"data":8382,"marks":8383,"value":8384,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":8386,"content":8390,"nodeType":892},{"target":8387},{"sys":8388},{"id":8389,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4atESpAAPAC0zP8CO4m8oa",[],{"data":8392,"content":8393,"nodeType":883},{},[8394,8398,8408],{"data":8395,"marks":8396,"value":8397,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To help combat help desk scams, we recently released ",{"data":8399,"content":8401,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8400},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/employee-identity-verification-codes-release/",[8402],{"data":8403,"marks":8404,"value":8407,"nodeType":867},{},[8405,8406],{"type":876},{"type":910},"Employee Identity Verification Codes",{"data":8409,"marks":8410,"value":8411,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — a simple, browser-based identity check that gives your help desk a reliable way to confirm they’re talking to someone from your organization.",{"data":8413,"content":8417,"nodeType":892},{"target":8414},{"sys":8415},{"id":8416,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1TEpCjh8UGwmejgYSGC1by",[],{"data":8419,"content":8420,"nodeType":883},{},[8421],{"data":8422,"marks":8423,"value":8424,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It enables legitimate help desk callers to quickly verify that they’re in possession of their primary device (i.e. laptop) by relaying a rotating 6-digit verification code in their browser via the Push extension. This is a great way to securely confirm caller identity and sniff out fraudulent callers, and can be used as part of a phishing-resistant help desk process. ",{"data":8426,"content":8427,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":8429,"content":8430,"nodeType":912},{},[8431],{"data":8432,"marks":8433,"value":8434,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get started today!",{"data":8436,"content":8437,"nodeType":883},{},[8438,8442,8451],{"data":8439,"marks":8440,"value":8441,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can use Employee Verification Codes as a free tool by installing the Push browser extension. Simply ",{"data":8443,"content":8445,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8444},"https://pushsecurity.com/free-tool/employee-verification-codes",[8446],{"data":8447,"marks":8448,"value":8450,"nodeType":867},{},[8449],{"type":876},"sign up for a trial account and you can deploy the extension organization-wide to make use of this feature",{"data":8452,"marks":8453,"value":8454,"nodeType":867},{},[],". While you’re at it, you can trial Push’s full features for up to 10 users for free. ",{"data":8456,"content":8457,"nodeType":883},{},[8458,8462,8469],{"data":8459,"marks":8460,"value":8461,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Or if you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques, ",{"data":8463,"content":8464,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[8465],{"data":8466,"marks":8467,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[8468],{"type":876},{"data":8470,"marks":8471,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":8473,"content":8477,"nodeType":892},{"target":8474},{"sys":8475},{"id":8476,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6Td0hDBYdeT8tlnnfwipmD",[],{"data":8479,"content":8480,"nodeType":883},{},[8481],{"data":8482,"marks":8483,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider: Understanding help desk scams and how to defend your organization","Scattered Spider has dominated the headlines in recent months with a consistent focus on help desk scams. Here's what you need to know to protect your business.","2025-06-27T00:00:00.000Z","scattered-spider-defending-against-help-desk-scams",{"items":8489},[8490,8492],{"sys":8491,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":8493,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":8495},[8496],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":8497},{"url":2541},"inside-criminal-phishing-panel","blog/inside-criminal-phishing-panel",{"json":8501},{"data":8502,"content":8503,"nodeType":1569},{},[8504],{"data":8505,"content":8506,"nodeType":883},{},[8507],{"data":8508,"marks":8509,"value":8510,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We got an inside look at a phishing panel used in criminal campaigns linked to operators like ShinyHunters and BlackFile. Here’s what we found.",{"id":8512,"publishedAt":8513},"2tz0zEJCarJBkceOYk4zVg","2026-08-12T12:01:02.042Z",{"items":8515},[8516,8518],{"sys":8517,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":8519,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":8521},[8522,8524,8526,8528,8530,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542,8544,8546,8548],{"sys":8523,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":8525,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":8527,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":8529,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":8531,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":8533,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":8535,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45},{"id":647},{"sys":8537,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":8539,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":8541,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},{"sys":8543,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":8545,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":8547,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":8549,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},"N0vOV2VIW5hy8pMM0BbvNcTuREBRP3N1gHaQp2C33sk",{"id":8552,"title":8553,"authorsCollection":8554,"content":8560,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":9482,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":9484,"metaTitle":9485,"ogImage":59,"postType":9486,"publishedDate":6878,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":9487,"slug":14686,"stem":14687,"subtitle":59,"summary":14688,"synopsis":14699,"sys":14700,"tagsCollection":14703,"topicsCollection":14709,"__hash__":14751},"blog/blog/unpacking-the-vercel-breach.json","Unpacking the Vercel breach: A cautionary tale for Shadow AI and OAuth sprawl",{"items":8555},[8556],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"socialLinks":8557,"profilePicture":8559},[8558],"https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniel-g-/",{"url":2541},{"json":8561,"links":9304},{"data":8562,"content":8563,"nodeType":1569},{},[8564,8592,8625,8632,8638,8641,8649,8656,8662,8681,8688,8696,8716,8732,8739,8746,8749,8757,8764,8771,8834,8841,8849,8861,8868,8875,8881,8889,8896,8903,8910,8917,8923,8931,8938,9022,9028,9031,9039,9046,9062,9069,9076,9082,9101,9104,9112,9119,9125,9144,9151,9158,9164,9167,9174,9181,9188,9194,9201,9207,9213,9238,9244,9256,9263,9270],{"data":8565,"content":8566,"nodeType":883},{},[8567,8571,8579,8583,8588],{"data":8568,"marks":8569,"value":8570,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This week, a user going by the name of “ShinyHunters” (though allegedly not ",{"data":8572,"content":8573,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2166},[8574],{"data":8575,"marks":8576,"value":8578,"nodeType":867},{},[8577],{"type":876},"actual ShinyHunters",{"data":8580,"marks":8581,"value":8582,"nodeType":867},{},[],", but someone imitating them in an attempt to trade off their credibility) posted on a breach forum claiming access keys, source code, and database data stolen from cloud development platform provider ",{"data":8584,"marks":8585,"value":8587,"nodeType":867},{},[8586],{"type":910},"Vercel",{"data":8589,"marks":8590,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],". ",{"data":8593,"content":8594,"nodeType":883},{},[8595,8599,8608,8612,8621],{"data":8596,"marks":8597,"value":8598,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This happened because a Vercel employee had connected an AI app, Context.ai, into their Google Workspace tenant. When Context.ai was compromised — ",{"data":8600,"content":8602,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8601},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/breaking-vercel-breach-linked-to-infostealer-infection-at-context-ai/",[8603],{"data":8604,"marks":8605,"value":8607,"nodeType":867},{},[8606],{"type":876},"allegedly the result of an infostealer infection from an employee searching for Roblox cheats",{"data":8609,"marks":8610,"value":8611,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — the attacker was able to leverage OAuth tokens stored in Context.ai’s Supabase platform to access downstream customer accounts (pointing to a heavily permissioned victim, probably a developer, possibly even a ",{"data":8613,"content":8615,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8614},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-sync-attacks-where-personal-account-hacks-lead-to-corporate-breaches/",[8616],{"data":8617,"marks":8618,"value":8620,"nodeType":867},{},[8619],{"type":876},"personal device with access to corp credentials",{"data":8622,"marks":8623,"value":8624,"nodeType":867},{},[],"). ",{"data":8626,"content":8627,"nodeType":883},{},[8628],{"data":8629,"marks":8630,"value":8631,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This access included a Vercel employee’s Google Workspace account. This particular user had significant access to data and secrets in Vercel’s systems, including internal dashboards, employee records, API keys, NPM tokens, and GitHub tokens, which the attacker was able to exfiltrate, holding Vercel to ransom for $2 million. ",{"data":8633,"content":8637,"nodeType":892},{"target":8634},{"sys":8635},{"id":8636,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6Ft8aSnzfYVZ7j57mYeXgQ",[],{"data":8639,"content":8640,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":8642,"content":8643,"nodeType":912},{},[8644],{"data":8645,"marks":8646,"value":8648,"nodeType":867},{},[8647],{"type":910},"How did this happen, and what could have stopped it?",{"data":8650,"content":8651,"nodeType":883},{},[8652],{"data":8653,"marks":8654,"value":8655,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From Vercel’s perspective, this attack could have been avoided had their employees been blocked from adding new OAuth integrations without admin approval (a toggle in their Google admin panel, and an essential control in a well-configured environment). Or, if the integration had been flagged in a routine audit and removed. ",{"data":8657,"content":8661,"nodeType":892},{"target":8658},{"sys":8659},{"id":8660,"type":889,"linkType":890},"b5HFvY1m6RnuXL3a95jVt",[],{"data":8663,"content":8664,"nodeType":883},{},[8665,8669,8677],{"data":8666,"marks":8667,"value":8668,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It probably should have been removed, too. The particular OAuth app that was connected into the environment was a deprecated “AI Office Suite” product intended for consumer use. ",{"data":8670,"content":8672,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8671},"https://context.ai/security-update",[8673],{"data":8674,"marks":8675,"value":8676,"nodeType":867},{},[],"According to Context.ai",{"data":8678,"marks":8679,"value":8680,"nodeType":867},{},[],", Vercel aren’t even a registered customer — adding more evidence that this was probably the result of a self-service trial that was subsequently forgotten about. That consumer product has also since been replaced by an enterprise product. But for whatever reason, the access hadn’t been revoked (from either side). ",{"data":8682,"content":8683,"nodeType":883},{},[8684],{"data":8685,"marks":8686,"value":8687,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The elephant in the room is that Context.ai is an AI app. Most organizations are rightly nervous about employees adding unapproved AI SaaS into their environment. Having employees use shadow AI in the form of LLMs is one thing — users uploading sensitive data to unapproved apps or external tenants being the key concern. But OAuth grants are even more dangerous. Because if that app or vendor is compromised, the apps and accounts you’ve integrated it with are also at risk — which is what was exploited here. ",{"data":8689,"content":8690,"nodeType":921},{},[8691],{"data":8692,"marks":8693,"value":8695,"nodeType":867},{},[8694],{"type":910},"Where’s the fault?",{"data":8697,"content":8698,"nodeType":883},{},[8699,8703,8712],{"data":8700,"marks":8701,"value":8702,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s easy to point fingers here. There are multiple control gaps and failures for both parties. Vercel should have disabled OAuth grants without admin approval, and regularly audited the connections in their environment. From a vendor's perspective, they could have also default applied a control that ",{"data":8704,"content":8706,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8705},"https://vercel.com/kb/bulletin/vercel-april-2026-security-incident",[8707],{"data":8708,"marks":8709,"value":8711,"nodeType":867},{},[8710],{"type":876},"prevents secret environment variables from being read",{"data":8713,"marks":8714,"value":8715,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — which would have significantly reduced the impact to Vercel customers from the data breach. ",{"data":8717,"content":8718,"nodeType":883},{},[8719,8723,8728],{"data":8720,"marks":8721,"value":8722,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Context.ai comes off worse. They could and should have had better separation of accounts and privileges — and if true, their users really shouldn’t be downloading Roblox scripts on devices they use for work access. It’s important to say ",{"data":8724,"marks":8725,"value":8727,"nodeType":867},{},[8726],{"type":2278},"if true",{"data":8729,"marks":8730,"value":8731,"nodeType":867},{},[]," here, but the prospect of third parties accessing your environment from insecure devices that they use for gaming is the stuff of nightmares for enterprise security and compliance teams.",{"data":8733,"content":8734,"nodeType":883},{},[8735],{"data":8736,"marks":8737,"value":8738,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You definitely don’t want to be Context.ai in this scenario. The reputational harm could be pretty significant, and is a wake-up call for other SaaS vendors to check that their house is in order. But although Vercel have responded quickly and transparently to the incident, this could only really have happened as a result of technical and procedural control gaps on their end.",{"data":8740,"content":8741,"nodeType":883},{},[8742],{"data":8743,"marks":8744,"value":8745,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s worth taking a step back and looking at the bigger picture here — and how these issues might impact your organization too. ",{"data":8747,"content":8748,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":8750,"content":8751,"nodeType":912},{},[8752],{"data":8753,"marks":8754,"value":8756,"nodeType":867},{},[8755],{"type":910},"Shadow AI is still just shadow SaaS – but the AI scramble is a force multiplier",{"data":8758,"content":8759,"nodeType":883},{},[8760],{"data":8761,"marks":8762,"value":8763,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Shadow IT, and in particular shadow SaaS, is not a new problem. Most organizations run heavily (or exclusively) on SaaS, accessed in the browser, with hundreds of apps per enterprise. Unmanaged, self-adopted apps have been a thorn in the side of security teams for some time. ",{"data":8765,"content":8766,"nodeType":883},{},[8767],{"data":8768,"marks":8769,"value":8770,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are essentially four kinds of shadow IT to be wary of in the context of AI apps:",{"data":8772,"content":8773,"nodeType":1526},{},[8774,8789,8804,8819],{"data":8775,"content":8776,"nodeType":1505},{},[8777],{"data":8778,"content":8779,"nodeType":883},{},[8780,8785],{"data":8781,"marks":8782,"value":8784,"nodeType":867},{},[8783],{"type":910},"Shadow apps:",{"data":8786,"marks":8787,"value":8788,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Apps that employees have signed up to and are using for business purposes without business approval. This includes apps signed up to with a corporate account or personal account. ",{"data":8790,"content":8791,"nodeType":1505},{},[8792],{"data":8793,"content":8794,"nodeType":883},{},[8795,8800],{"data":8796,"marks":8797,"value":8799,"nodeType":867},{},[8798],{"type":910},"Shadow tenants:",{"data":8801,"marks":8802,"value":8803,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Apps that employees are accessing with personal accounts, essentially creating shadow tenants outside of your organization’s control — even if you’ve approved the app itself.",{"data":8805,"content":8806,"nodeType":1505},{},[8807],{"data":8808,"content":8809,"nodeType":883},{},[8810,8815],{"data":8811,"marks":8812,"value":8814,"nodeType":867},{},[8813],{"type":910},"Shadow extensions:",{"data":8816,"marks":8817,"value":8818,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Many AI apps come with an extension counterpart, along with countless third-party extensions that are either untrustworthy or downright malicious. Browser extensions add another angle to the equation by presenting visibility beyond the application into browser activity. ",{"data":8820,"content":8821,"nodeType":1505},{},[8822],{"data":8823,"content":8824,"nodeType":883},{},[8825,8830],{"data":8826,"marks":8827,"value":8829,"nodeType":867},{},[8828],{"type":910},"Shadow integrations:",{"data":8831,"marks":8832,"value":8833,"nodeType":867},{},[]," OAuth connections across apps that aren’t known or approved. Even if an app itself is approved, plugging that app directly into your primary enterprise apps — with all the sensitive data and functionality therein — isn't necessarily also approved.  ",{"data":8835,"content":8836,"nodeType":883},{},[8837],{"data":8838,"marks":8839,"value":8840,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the Vercel case, we’re talking specifically about shadow integrations. But all of these present a key risk to your organization. ",{"data":8842,"content":8843,"nodeType":921},{},[8844],{"data":8845,"marks":8846,"value":8848,"nodeType":867},{},[8847],{"type":910},"The web of OAuth sprawl spans way beyond Google and Microsoft ",{"data":8850,"content":8851,"nodeType":883},{},[8852,8857],{"data":8853,"marks":8854,"value":8856,"nodeType":867},{},[8855],{"type":910},"On average we see 17 unique AI app integrations per organization in Microsoft and Google alone",{"data":8858,"marks":8859,"value":8860,"nodeType":867},{},[],". If you consider that most organizations have probably approved 1 or 2 max for business use, and may have approved none at all for app-to-app OAuth connectivity, that’s quite a significant difference. ",{"data":8862,"content":8863,"nodeType":883},{},[8864],{"data":8865,"marks":8866,"value":8867,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The number of connections outside of these core platforms is significantly higher. Just think how the typical AI app operates. If you want it to be able to effectively automate workflows — pull data from one app, aggregate and analyze it in another, present that information in a report, dashboard, or presentation, and then distribute it — that’s a fair few integrations in just one workflow. MCP connections use OAuth to achieve this interconnectivity in the same way as any other SaaS app.",{"data":8869,"content":8870,"nodeType":883},{},[8871],{"data":8872,"marks":8873,"value":8874,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We used to talk about automation apps like Zapier as being a goldmine for attackers. Well, AI apps are on their way to being even more interconnected, more frequently used, and more flexible in terms of how attackers can abuse them. ",{"data":8876,"content":8880,"nodeType":892},{"target":8877},{"sys":8878},{"id":8879,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4FiWyVw7mpVBA5uBVJoOKL",[],{"data":8882,"content":8883,"nodeType":921},{},[8884],{"data":8885,"marks":8886,"value":8888,"nodeType":867},{},[8887],{"type":910},"A note on OAuth configuration complexity",{"data":8890,"content":8891,"nodeType":883},{},[8892],{"data":8893,"marks":8894,"value":8895,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A common misconception is that when a regular user consents to an OAuth app (let's use Google Workspace as the example) the app only gets access to the things they can directly access. Technically that's true — the access is scoped to that user's permissions. But in practice, the blast radius is almost always bigger than people think.",{"data":8897,"content":8898,"nodeType":883},{},[8899],{"data":8900,"marks":8901,"value":8902,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The scope includes shared drives, shared calendars, documents shared with them, and any other collaborative resources. A single well-permissioned user (think: developer with access to secrets, dashboards, and internal tooling) is more than enough to cause serious damage through a single OAuth grant. ",{"data":8904,"content":8905,"nodeType":883},{},[8906],{"data":8907,"marks":8908,"value":8909,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The scopes themselves are often deceptively broad. An app requesting https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive gets full read/write access to everything the user can see in Drive — not just their personal files. And the blast radius is further contingent on the data and user permission hygiene in these broader environments. ",{"data":8911,"content":8912,"nodeType":883},{},[8913],{"data":8914,"marks":8915,"value":8916,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So if your environment hasn't got cleanly separated access and permissions for different users and groups, an attacker compromising a \"normal\" user account can end up with extensive access. You don't need tenant-wide admin access when a normal user's access already spans the crown jewels.",{"data":8918,"content":8922,"nodeType":892},{"target":8919},{"sys":8920},{"id":8921,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2t81AnAHx2On3fBynM4vVe",[],{"data":8924,"content":8925,"nodeType":921},{},[8926],{"data":8927,"marks":8928,"value":8930,"nodeType":867},{},[8929],{"type":910},"Unsurprisingly, OAuth breaches are stacking up",{"data":8932,"content":8933,"nodeType":883},{},[8934],{"data":8935,"marks":8936,"value":8937,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Widespread OAuth interconnectedness isn’t just an AI app problem. Attackers have been exploiting this for some time:",{"data":8939,"content":8940,"nodeType":1526},{},[8941,8986],{"data":8942,"content":8943,"nodeType":1505},{},[8944],{"data":8945,"content":8946,"nodeType":883},{},[8947,8951,8958,8962,8970,8974,8982],{"data":8948,"marks":8949,"value":8950,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In 2025, ",{"data":8952,"content":8953,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2166},[8954],{"data":8955,"marks":8956,"value":2171,"nodeType":867},{},[8957],{"type":876},{"data":8959,"marks":8960,"value":8961,"nodeType":867},{},[]," launched OAuth-driven supply chain attacks against Salesforce and Google Workspace tenants after breaching Salesloft (specifically the ",{"data":8963,"content":8964,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6971},[8965],{"data":8966,"marks":8967,"value":8969,"nodeType":867},{},[8968],{"type":876},"Salesloft Drift",{"data":8971,"marks":8972,"value":8973,"nodeType":867},{},[]," platform) and ",{"data":8975,"content":8976,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7533},[8977],{"data":8978,"marks":8979,"value":8981,"nodeType":867},{},[8980],{"type":876},"Gainsight",{"data":8983,"marks":8984,"value":8985,"nodeType":867},{},[],". In total, over 1000 organizations were impacted, including Google, Cloudflare, Rubrik, Elastic, Proofpoint, JFrog, Zscaler, Tenable, Palo Alto Networks, CyberArk, BeyondTrust, Qualys, and many more, with over 1.5B records stolen. ",{"data":8987,"content":8988,"nodeType":1505},{},[8989],{"data":8990,"content":8991,"nodeType":883},{},[8992,8996,9005,9009,9018],{"data":8993,"marks":8994,"value":8995,"nodeType":867},{},[],"More recently, Snowflake customers were impacted after a ",{"data":8997,"content":8999,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8998},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/snowflake-customers-hit-in-data-theft-attacks-after-saas-integrator-breach/",[9000],{"data":9001,"marks":9002,"value":9004,"nodeType":867},{},[9003],{"type":876},"breach at data anomaly detection company Anodot",{"data":9006,"marks":9007,"value":9008,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where the attacker attempted to leverage the stolen authentication tokens to access Salesforce data, with ",{"data":9010,"content":9012,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9011},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/stolen-rockstar-games-analytics-data-leaked-by-extortion-gang/",[9013],{"data":9014,"marks":9015,"value":9017,"nodeType":867},{},[9016],{"type":876},"Rockstar",{"data":9019,"marks":9020,"value":9021,"nodeType":867},{},[]," a high-profile victim of the breach (again linked to Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters). ",{"data":9023,"content":9027,"nodeType":892},{"target":9024},{"sys":9025},{"id":9026,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3oqoL9L3fxetFcIhnfQhMQ",[],{"data":9029,"content":9030,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":9032,"content":9033,"nodeType":912},{},[9034],{"data":9035,"marks":9036,"value":9038,"nodeType":867},{},[9037],{"type":910},"Infostealers continue to drive corporate breaches",{"data":9040,"content":9041,"nodeType":883},{},[9042],{"data":9043,"marks":9044,"value":9045,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While unverified, Hudson Rock’s case for an infostealer breach being the root cause of the Context.ai breach seems believable. Infostealer infections have been one of the leading security threats for some time, fuelling breaches powered by stolen credentials and session tokens.",{"data":9047,"content":9048,"nodeType":883},{},[9049,9053,9058],{"data":9050,"marks":9051,"value":9052,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With the assumed rise in MFA coverage, it’s often surprising to security teams that stolen credentials are still a problem. ",{"data":9054,"marks":9055,"value":9057,"nodeType":867},{},[9056],{"type":910},"But of the last million logins we saw, 1 in 4 were password logins (not SSO), 2 in 5 were not protected by MFA, and 1 in 5 used a weak, breached, or reused password. ",{"data":9059,"marks":9060,"value":9061,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Plenty of scope for abuse. ",{"data":9063,"content":9064,"nodeType":883},{},[9065],{"data":9066,"marks":9067,"value":9068,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stolen session tokens are even more valuable to attackers, enabling them to bypass authentication controls by replaying the token in their own browser. In theory, they should only be valid for a limited timeframe, but in practice this can be as many as 90 days, and sometimes indefinite. ",{"data":9070,"content":9071,"nodeType":883},{},[9072],{"data":9073,"marks":9074,"value":9075,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, it seems likely that the compromised device was a developer machine (given the access to Supabase), or potentially even a personal device (given they were installing Roblox cheats…). This is relevant because these personal, developer, and BYOD machines are often less secure — developer machines are often exempt from EDR monitoring or significantly tuned-down (too noisy), while personal devices naturally lack enterprise security software.",{"data":9077,"content":9081,"nodeType":892},{"target":9078},{"sys":9079},{"id":9080,"type":889,"linkType":890},"139oaGgwRKZbwJzyex9LA5",[],{"data":9083,"content":9084,"nodeType":883},{},[9085,9089,9097],{"data":9086,"marks":9087,"value":9088,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve also seen an uptick in developer-oriented phishing and malvertising campaigns. The ",{"data":9090,"content":9091,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1951},[9092],{"data":9093,"marks":9094,"value":9096,"nodeType":867},{},[9095],{"type":876},"InstallFix campaign",{"data":9098,"marks":9099,"value":9100,"nodeType":867},{},[]," we identified, intercepting users as they attempt to install AI tools like Claude Code and NotebookLM, is an example of this — and also another way that attackers are capitalizing on AI hype. ",{"data":9102,"content":9103,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":9105,"content":9106,"nodeType":912},{},[9107],{"data":9108,"marks":9109,"value":9111,"nodeType":867},{},[9110],{"type":910},"Advice for security teams",{"data":9113,"content":9114,"nodeType":883},{},[9115],{"data":9116,"marks":9117,"value":9118,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are some immediate next steps that we’ll quickly summarize here, as they've already been covered in wider reporting. If you’re a Vercel customer, you should urgently rotate every credential stored as a non-sensitive variable that could have been exposed, enable the sensitive variable feature toggle, and monitor your account for anomalous activity. And if you’re using the specific Context.ai integration, you need to revoke it ASAP and begin a full audit of the connected accounts, both inside Workspace and broader connected apps (this isn’t that easy, as we’ll highlight in a moment). ",{"data":9120,"content":9124,"nodeType":892},{"target":9121},{"sys":9122},{"id":9123,"type":889,"linkType":890},"76HViirkH2R4QAzWg605sv",[],{"data":9126,"content":9127,"nodeType":883},{},[9128,9132,9141],{"data":9129,"marks":9130,"value":9131,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Taking a step back, organizations really need to get their arms around OAuth integrations in their environment. A default-deny approach to allowing users to consent to new integrations, and routinely auditing the ones already in your environment to ensure they’re still definitely required, is essential. Each integration expands your attack surface and could potentially grant an attacker extensive access to your environment. This default-deny approach isn't exactly a new concept for security teams and is the same in principle as what we recently advised for ",{"data":9133,"content":9135,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9134},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-extension-management-guide/",[9136],{"data":9137,"marks":9138,"value":9140,"nodeType":867},{},[9139],{"type":876},"browser extension management",{"data":9142,"marks":9143,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9145,"content":9146,"nodeType":883},{},[9147],{"data":9148,"marks":9149,"value":9150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is fairly straightforward in your main enterprise cloud environment (think M365 or Google Workspace). But doing it across every SaaS app that allows some level of OAuth integration with another (i.e. every SaaS app) is somewhat harder. Not only do you need to have a comprehensive and up-to-date inventory, you need to be an app admin for every app (not always the case for self-adopted apps) and the particular app needs to give you the control to restrict and remove OAuth grants on behalf of users in your tenant. ",{"data":9152,"content":9153,"nodeType":883},{},[9154],{"data":9155,"marks":9156,"value":9157,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Again, this is not exclusively a Shadow AI problem, even if AI adoption is contributing significantly to the sprawl. ",{"data":9159,"content":9163,"nodeType":892},{"target":9160},{"sys":9161},{"id":9162,"type":889,"linkType":890},"XKKHUiz56G82uwYhbv2Qv",[],{"data":9165,"content":9166,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":9168,"content":9169,"nodeType":912},{},[9170],{"data":9171,"marks":9172,"value":6771,"nodeType":867},{},[9173],{"type":910},{"data":9175,"content":9176,"nodeType":883},{},[9177],{"data":9178,"marks":9179,"value":9180,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we’ve established, there are quite a few pieces to this puzzle. Push can help with all of them. ",{"data":9182,"content":9183,"nodeType":883},{},[9184],{"data":9185,"marks":9186,"value":9187,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push observes every app login your employees make in their browser, building a comprehensive picture of SaaS and AI use across your organization. This includes how they’re logging in and how secure the login is: did it have MFA, what kind of MFA, was it using a weak or compromised password, did they use SSO, and so on. ",{"data":9189,"content":9193,"nodeType":892},{"target":9190},{"sys":9191},{"id":9192,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2B205bUaLm6vG8mIQ0rJvA",[],{"data":9195,"content":9196,"nodeType":883},{},[9197],{"data":9198,"marks":9199,"value":9200,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push also tracks OAuth integrations in your environment and gives you the ability to manage and remove them in core environments like M365 and Google Workspace, providing a single platform for you to view, manage, and secure app use across your organization. ",{"data":9202,"content":9206,"nodeType":892},{"target":9203},{"sys":9204},{"id":9205,"type":889,"linkType":890},"eEbdBUfyzZsdIOjFOXHpM",[],{"data":9208,"content":9212,"nodeType":892},{"target":9209},{"sys":9210},{"id":9211,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1MTFxfROuGKxnkHQwWHe8K",[],{"data":9214,"content":9215,"nodeType":883},{},[9216,9220,9225,9229,9234],{"data":9217,"marks":9218,"value":9219,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This makes it easy to surface both vulnerabilities and possible control gaps, and do something about them. But where Push really excels is in the ability to observe and block OAuth connection requests ",{"data":9221,"marks":9222,"value":9224,"nodeType":867},{},[9223],{"type":910},"even outside of your primary enterprise apps.",{"data":9226,"marks":9227,"value":9228,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Using Push, you can detect and block OAuth integration requests as they traverse the browser. This ",{"data":9230,"marks":9231,"value":9233,"nodeType":867},{},[9232],{"type":910},"app-agnostic",{"data":9235,"marks":9236,"value":9237,"nodeType":867},{},[]," level of control is absolutely critical to halting OAuth integration sprawl. ",{"data":9239,"content":9243,"nodeType":892},{"target":9240},{"sys":9241},{"id":9242,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2VZ4uw6MXslXME2ueydGuT",[],{"data":9245,"content":9246,"nodeType":921},{},[9247,9251],{"data":9248,"marks":9249,"value":9250,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And t",{"data":9252,"marks":9253,"value":9255,"nodeType":867},{},[9254],{"type":910},"hat’s not all …",{"data":9257,"content":9258,"nodeType":883},{},[9259],{"data":9260,"marks":9261,"value":9262,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform also detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, device code phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking in real time. This includes the most prominent infostealer delivery vectors in terms of malvertising and *Fix-style attacks. Push analyzes every web page in every browser session and tab for threats, in real time, with no latency. ",{"data":9264,"content":9265,"nodeType":883},{},[9266],{"data":9267,"marks":9268,"value":9269,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But as we've established, you don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":9271,"content":9272,"nodeType":883},{},[9273,9276,9282,9285,9292,9295,9301],{"data":9274,"marks":9275,"value":6838,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9277,"content":9278,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[9279],{"data":9280,"marks":9281,"value":6847,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9283,"marks":9284,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9286,"content":9287,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6854},[9288],{"data":9289,"marks":9290,"value":6860,"nodeType":867},{},[9291],{"type":876},{"data":9293,"marks":9294,"value":6864,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9296,"content":9297,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[9298],{"data":9299,"marks":9300,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9302,"marks":9303,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":9305},{"hyperlink":9306,"inline":9307,"block":9308},[],[],[9309,9317,9331,9339,9346,9371,9409,9428,9455,9461,9467,9474],{"sys":9310,"__typename":1584,"title":9311,"caption":9312,"layoutMode":59,"file":9313},{"id":8636},"Vercel breach summary","Overview of the breach and Vercel's response. ",{"url":9314,"width":9315,"height":9316},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/63DxqlpuTD1qIjsSh2gXI2/f1da745b30082c52362c4eb875737548/Screenshot_2026-04-28_at_09.07.41.png",2912,912,{"sys":9318,"__typename":1636,"content":9319,"name":9330,"title":59},{"id":8660},{"json":9320},{"data":9321,"content":9322,"nodeType":1569},{},[9323],{"data":9324,"content":9325,"nodeType":883},{},[9326],{"data":9327,"marks":9328,"value":9329,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An all-too-common tale in the modern enterprise is the SaaS app that was trialled by a single employee, lightly used, integrated with core app tenants, and forgotten about — adding an invisible node to the organization’s attack surface.","Vercel IB 4",{"sys":9332,"__typename":1584,"title":9333,"caption":9334,"layoutMode":59,"file":9335},{"id":8879},"Illustrative example of SaaS OAuth sprawl. AI apps are highlighted orange.","Illustrative example of SaaS OAuth sprawl, from primary enterprise cloud, to core apps, to wider SaaS. AI apps are highlighted orange.",{"url":9336,"width":9337,"height":9338},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6u0rnGPxUjcFSxdbsIcNz0/b093fbd09053a6a764b03af9ba56e5df/Screenshot_2026-04-23_at_20.41.29.png",2516,2086,{"sys":9340,"__typename":1584,"title":9341,"caption":9341,"layoutMode":59,"file":9342},{"id":8921},"A normal employee in a poorly governed org can expose as much or more data than a developer in a well-governed one.",{"url":9343,"width":9344,"height":9345},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/R2st9zXI0vB5Mu9Co2pA1/dc1843bc5be5da60252c9c7ea7caf677/oauth-blast-radius-push_1__4_.png",2880,2040,{"sys":9347,"__typename":1636,"content":9348,"name":9370,"title":59},{"id":9026},{"json":9349},{"nodeType":1569,"data":9350,"content":9351},{},[9352],{"nodeType":883,"data":9353,"content":9354},{},[9355,9359,9366],{"nodeType":867,"value":9356,"marks":9357,"data":9358},"Not only are attackers abusing existing (legitimate) OAuth connections as part of supply chain attacks, but they’re using OAuth-focused phishing as the front door to victim environments. Last year’s Salesforce campaign began with ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":9360,"content":9361},{"uri":2036},[9362],{"nodeType":867,"value":6443,"marks":9363,"data":9365},[9364],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":9367,"marks":9368,"data":9369},", where attackers tricked victims into registering an attacker-controlled app into their Salesforce tenant, granting full API access for mass data exfiltration.",[],{},"Vercel IB 1",{"sys":9372,"__typename":1636,"content":9373,"name":9408,"title":59},{"id":9080},{"json":9374},{"nodeType":1569,"data":9375,"content":9376},{},[9377,9396],{"nodeType":883,"data":9378,"content":9379},{},[9380,9384,9392],{"nodeType":867,"value":9381,"marks":9382,"data":9383},"If you’re wondering how a personal device could result in corporate credential leakage, browser syncing (",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":9385,"content":9386},{"uri":8614},[9387],{"nodeType":867,"value":9388,"marks":9389,"data":9391},"where users sign into their personal account in a corporate browser",[9390],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":9393,"marks":9394,"data":9395},") can lead to this exact scenario. And given Vercel’s potentially lacking controls around OAuth integrations in their Workspace, it’s also possible that browser syncing had not been identified as a security risk and disabled. ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":9397,"content":9398},{},[9399,9403],{"nodeType":867,"value":9400,"marks":9401,"data":9402},"The 2025 Verizon DBIR reported that 54% of all ransomware attacks traced back to infostealer-enabled credential theft. ",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":9404,"marks":9405,"data":9407},"46% of systems with compromised corporate credentials were non-managed devices. ",[9406],{"type":910},{},"Vercel IB 2",{"sys":9410,"__typename":1636,"content":9411,"name":9427,"title":59},{"id":9123},{"json":9412},{"nodeType":1569,"data":9413,"content":9414},{},[9415],{"nodeType":883,"data":9416,"content":9417},{},[9418,9423],{"nodeType":867,"value":9419,"marks":9420,"data":9422},"OAuth App:",[9421],{"type":910},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":9424,"marks":9425,"data":9426}," 110671459871-30f1spbu0hptbs60cb4vsmv79i7bbvqj.apps.googleusercontent.com",[],{},"Vercel IB 5",{"sys":9429,"__typename":1636,"content":9430,"name":9454,"title":59},{"id":9162},{"json":9431},{"nodeType":1569,"data":9432,"content":9433},{},[9434],{"nodeType":883,"data":9435,"content":9436},{},[9437,9441,9450],{"nodeType":867,"value":9438,"marks":9439,"data":9440},"Since the breach was initially reported, ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":9442,"content":9444},{"uri":9443},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/04/vercel-breach-tied-to-context-ai-hack.html",[9445],{"nodeType":867,"value":9446,"marks":9447,"data":9449},"it has also emerged that",[9448],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":9451,"marks":9452,"data":9453}," Context.ai’s browser extension has also been pulled from the Chrome store. It’s unclear whether attackers were able to publish a malicious extension update too, whether the extension was removed at Context.ai’s request (because the app has been deprecated), or Google pulled it down as a precaution in light of the incident. ",[],{},"Vercel IB 3",{"sys":9456,"__typename":1584,"title":9457,"caption":9457,"layoutMode":59,"file":9458},{"id":9192},"Inspect apps and identities to uncover and remediate vulnerabilities.",{"url":9459,"width":1602,"height":9460},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4rfQX7ICFP2tiio0Ra9r0f/ef6cdc27bc3dde03127105189523e405/image5.png",1074,{"sys":9462,"__typename":1584,"title":9463,"caption":9463,"layoutMode":59,"file":9464},{"id":9205},"Analyse OAuth integrations, including permissions, user count, and other useful metadata. ",{"url":9465,"width":1602,"height":9466},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6srKhXfs62Ql2vIUc0QszJ/58ae9672ed3e79bfef1fb65a6cd7450a/image3.png",1091,{"sys":9468,"__typename":1584,"title":9469,"caption":9469,"layoutMode":59,"file":9470},{"id":9211},"Easily delete unwanted integrations. ",{"url":9471,"width":9472,"height":9473},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/8BTe7GRIl7aLnwcmkRQkb/eb26d8d0ecb0165d4ab3c4d4a3ac6111/image1.png",567,213,{"sys":9475,"__typename":1584,"title":9476,"caption":9477,"layoutMode":59,"file":9478},{"id":9242},"Block OAuth connection attempts as they transit the browser using Push.","Block OAuth connection attempts as they transit the browser using Push. Example shows blocking Claude connectors. ",{"url":9479,"width":9480,"height":9481},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4TIl7F28Qd1Mk5M4vrFUF7/1b983ddc567ea7130cc76c3397d8fb69/OAuth_blocking.gif",1280,720,{"items":9483},[],{},"Unpacking the Vercel breach: Shadow AI and OAuth sprawl","breach-analysis",{"items":9488},[9489,12487,13315],{"__typename":1670,"sys":9490,"content":9492,"title":12474,"synopsis":12475,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":12476,"slug":361,"tagsCollection":12477,"authorsCollection":12483},{"id":9491},"5DmCqTU2Tg4adYScA5vT2x",{"json":9493},{"data":9494,"content":9495,"nodeType":1569},{},[9496,9502,9522,9540,9547,9553,9560,9567,9570,9578,9584,9668,9688,9694,9701,9815,9821,9824,9832,9839,9845,9848,9856,9897,9903,9910,9917,9924,9931,9950,9956,9962,9968,9974,9980,9986,9992,9998,10261,10264,10272,10407,10413,10416,10424,10464,10598,10604,10607,10615,10762,10768,10771,10779,10785,10926,10932,10938,10941,10949,11096,11102,11105,11113,11259,11265,11268,11276,11371,11377,11380,11388,11482,11488,11491,11499,11505,11638,11644,11647,11655,11704,11710,11713,11721,11860,11865,11868,11876,12008,12014,12017,12025,12037,12044,12050,12056,12063,12084,12100,12106,12109,12117,12125,12146,12167,12172,12179,12186,12194,12201,12208,12215,12223,12230,12280,12286,12289,12296,12303,12310,12356,12362,12369,12372,12380,12387,12394,12411,12417,12424,12431,12438],{"data":9497,"content":9501,"nodeType":892},{"target":9498},{"sys":9499},{"id":9500,"type":889,"linkType":890},"XOFOeNqmRHeiRbkPOJrP1",[],{"data":9503,"content":9504,"nodeType":883},{},[9505,9509,9518],{"data":9506,"marks":9507,"value":9508,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The OAuth 2.0 ",{"data":9510,"content":9512,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9511},"https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8628",[9513],{"data":9514,"marks":9515,"value":9517,"nodeType":867},{},[9516],{"type":876},"device authorization grant",{"data":9519,"marks":9520,"value":9521,"nodeType":867},{},[]," was designed to enable input-constrained devices to sign-in to apps by asking the user to complete the login on a separate device by entering a code. But today, it’s mainly used when accessing CLI tools, meaning that many users encounter the device code flow daily. ",{"data":9523,"content":9524,"nodeType":883},{},[9525,9528,9536],{"data":9526,"marks":9527,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9529,"content":9531,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9530},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/device_code_phishing/description.md",[9532],{"data":9533,"marks":9534,"value":360,"nodeType":867},{},[9535],{"type":876},{"data":9537,"marks":9538,"value":9539,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks designed to exploit this authorization flow are not new — it was among the first techniques that we added to the SaaS attacks matrix back in 2023. But it’s taken until now for it to really enter mainstream adoption. ",{"data":9541,"content":9542,"nodeType":883},{},[9543],{"data":9544,"marks":9545,"value":9546,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The technique tricks a user into issuing access tokens for an attacker-controlled application (not a device, confusingly). Any app that supports device code logins can be a target. Popular examples include Microsoft, Google, Salesforce, GitHub, and AWS. That said, Microsoft is, as always, much more heavily targeted at scale now than any other app.",{"data":9548,"content":9552,"nodeType":892},{"target":9549},{"sys":9550},{"id":9551,"type":889,"linkType":890},"Al0pGH8vmOYiufDFiAbt0",[],{"data":9554,"content":9555,"nodeType":883},{},[9556],{"data":9557,"marks":9558,"value":9559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve always been surprised that attackers haven’t commonly used device code phishing in their standard toolkit, preferring session-stealing AITM phishing and other social engineering attacks like ClickFix. But it’s pretty clear from the recent data that the shift to mainstream adoption has now happened. ",{"data":9561,"content":9562,"nodeType":883},{},[9563],{"data":9564,"marks":9565,"value":9566,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this blog post, we’ll explore the history of device code phishing, what’s changed for it to enter mainstream adoption, how it works under the hood (with recent examples), and what security teams can do about it. ",{"data":9568,"content":9569,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":9571,"content":9572,"nodeType":912},{},[9573],{"data":9574,"marks":9575,"value":9577,"nodeType":867},{},[9576],{"type":910},"A brief history of device code phishing",{"data":9579,"content":9583,"nodeType":892},{"target":9580},{"sys":9581},{"id":9582,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6u3DgvSGChtTJu7l9I7PG1",[],{"data":9585,"content":9586,"nodeType":883},{},[9587,9591,9600,9604,9613,9617,9626,9630,9639,9643,9652,9655,9664],{"data":9588,"marks":9589,"value":9590,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The technique was first documented in 2020, before Secureworks released the first tooling framework ",{"data":9592,"content":9594,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9593},"https://github.com/secureworks/PhishInSuits",[9595],{"data":9596,"marks":9597,"value":9599,"nodeType":867},{},[9598],{"type":876},"PhishInSuits",{"data":9601,"marks":9602,"value":9603,"nodeType":867},{},[]," a year later. A host of research followed, including ",{"data":9605,"content":9607,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9606},"https://github.com/secureworks/squarephish",[9608],{"data":9609,"marks":9610,"value":9612,"nodeType":867},{},[9611],{"type":876},"SquarePhish",{"data":9614,"marks":9615,"value":9616,"nodeType":867},{},[]," v1 (using QR codes to trigger the 15 minute code expiration window), Dirk-Jan Mollema’s ",{"data":9618,"content":9620,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9619},"https://dirkjanm.io/phishing-for-microsoft-entra-primary-refresh-tokens/",[9621],{"data":9622,"marks":9623,"value":9625,"nodeType":867},{},[9624],{"type":876},"key research",{"data":9627,"marks":9628,"value":9629,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (chaining device code phishing via Microsoft apps into Primary Refresh Token (PRT) acquisition to gain full browser-level access) and Dennis Kniep’s ",{"data":9631,"content":9633,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9632},"https://github.com/denniskniep/DeviceCodePhishing",[9634],{"data":9635,"marks":9636,"value":9638,"nodeType":867},{},[9637],{"type":876},"DeviceCodePhishing tool",{"data":9640,"marks":9641,"value":9642,"nodeType":867},{},[]," which automates the entire flow with a headless browser. (Other recent noteworthy tools include ",{"data":9644,"content":9646,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9645},"https://github.com/nromsdahl/squarephish2",[9647],{"data":9648,"marks":9649,"value":9651,"nodeType":867},{},[9650],{"type":876},"SquarePhish2",{"data":9653,"marks":9654,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9656,"content":9658,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9657},"https://github.com/praetorian-inc/GitPhish",[9659],{"data":9660,"marks":9661,"value":9663,"nodeType":867},{},[9662],{"type":876},"GitPhish",{"data":9665,"marks":9666,"value":9667,"nodeType":867},{},[],", so shout out to those too). ",{"data":9669,"content":9670,"nodeType":883},{},[9671,9675,9684],{"data":9672,"marks":9673,"value":9674,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It wasn’t until August 2024 that in-the-wild exploitation was first identified, with Russia-linked campaigns then continuing into 2025 before entering mainstream criminal adoption. This trend has continued to gather momentum in 2026 with ",{"data":9676,"content":9678,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9677},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/03/device-code-phishing-hits-340-microsoft.html",[9679],{"data":9680,"marks":9681,"value":9683,"nodeType":867},{},[9682],{"type":876},"EvilTokens",{"data":9685,"marks":9686,"value":9687,"nodeType":867},{},[],", the first reported criminal PhaaS kit for device code phishing, already powering massive campaigns after launching in February. ",{"data":9689,"content":9693,"nodeType":892},{"target":9690},{"sys":9691},{"id":9692,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6xsfmbYEzpW7CdDiNzO6cu",[],{"data":9695,"content":9696,"nodeType":883},{},[9697],{"data":9698,"marks":9699,"value":9700,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Some of the noteworthy in-the-wild campaigns include:",{"data":9702,"content":9703,"nodeType":1526},{},[9704,9736,9756],{"data":9705,"content":9706,"nodeType":1505},{},[9707],{"data":9708,"content":9709,"nodeType":883},{},[9710,9714,9721,9724,9732],{"data":9711,"marks":9712,"value":9713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Storm-2372, tracked by ",{"data":9715,"content":9717,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9716},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/02/13/storm-2372-conducts-device-code-phishing-campaign/",[9718],{"data":9719,"marks":9720,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9722,"marks":9723,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9725,"content":9727,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9726},"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2025/02/13/multiple-russian-threat-actors-targeting-microsoft-device-code-authentication/",[9728],{"data":9729,"marks":9730,"value":9731,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Volexity",{"data":9733,"marks":9734,"value":9735,"nodeType":867},{},[],", linked to multiple Russia-aligned clusters, combining spear-phishing and social engineering with device code phishing payloads against strategic intelligence targets.",{"data":9737,"content":9738,"nodeType":1505},{},[9739],{"data":9740,"content":9741,"nodeType":883},{},[9742,9746,9752],{"data":9743,"marks":9744,"value":9745,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The massive Salesforce campaign operated by ",{"data":9747,"content":9748,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2166},[9749],{"data":9750,"marks":9751,"value":2171,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9753,"marks":9754,"value":9755,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (SLH) combined vishing with a device code phishing payload targeting Salesforce. The attacks morphed into a broader supply chain campaign using stolen credentials, ultimately resulting in 1000+ organizations being compromised and over 1.5 billion stolen records claimed. ",{"data":9757,"content":9758,"nodeType":1505},{},[9759],{"data":9760,"content":9761,"nodeType":883},{},[9762,9766,9774,9778,9787,9790,9799,9803,9811],{"data":9763,"marks":9764,"value":9765,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A massive spike in activity in late 2025 and 2026. This includes ",{"data":9767,"content":9769,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9768},"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/access-granted-phishing-device-code-authorization-account-takeover",[9770],{"data":9771,"marks":9772,"value":9773,"nodeType":867},{},[],"multiple threat clusters",{"data":9775,"marks":9776,"value":9777,"nodeType":867},{},[]," tracked using device code phishing techniques, more ",{"data":9779,"content":9781,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9780},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-target-microsoft-entra-accounts-in-device-code-vishing-attacks/",[9782],{"data":9783,"marks":9784,"value":9786,"nodeType":867},{},[9785],{"type":876},"criminal operations linked to SLH",{"data":9788,"marks":9789,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9791,"content":9793,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9792},"https://newtonpaul.com/blog/device-code-phish-update/",[9794],{"data":9795,"marks":9796,"value":9798,"nodeType":867},{},[9797],{"type":876},"hundreds of organizations being targeted via PhaaS architecture,",{"data":9800,"marks":9801,"value":9802,"nodeType":867},{},[]," which looks to be the same campaign as the recently uncovered EvilTokens PhaaS reported by ",{"data":9804,"content":9805,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3536},[9806],{"data":9807,"marks":9808,"value":9810,"nodeType":867},{},[9809],{"type":876},"Huntress",{"data":9812,"marks":9813,"value":9814,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (featuring abuse of the Railway PaaS platform). ",{"data":9816,"content":9820,"nodeType":892},{"target":9817},{"sys":9818},{"id":9819,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3WLt6qLCK8CSwr0QZxZiMv",[],{"data":9822,"content":9823,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":9825,"content":9826,"nodeType":912},{},[9827],{"data":9828,"marks":9829,"value":9831,"nodeType":867},{},[9830],{"type":910},"What we’re seeing in the wild",{"data":9833,"content":9834,"nodeType":883},{},[9835],{"data":9836,"marks":9837,"value":9838,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As mentioned, we’ve also seen a huge spike in device code phishing activity this year, with multiple kits, page designs, and lure types. We’ve now identified 14+ distinct kits in circulation in the wild, with EvilTokens being the most prevalent. It’s clear that attackers are both spinning up their own kits and creative derivatives of others — we’ve seen kits that are visually similar to EvilTokens (close enough to be clones or forks) but with very different backends, for example AWS, Digital Ocean, 2cloud, and more. ",{"data":9840,"content":9844,"nodeType":892},{"target":9841},{"sys":9842},{"id":9843,"type":889,"linkType":890},"nJCbTw85GKXdqrlIkzZwi",[],{"data":9846,"content":9847,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":9849,"content":9850,"nodeType":921},{},[9851],{"data":9852,"marks":9853,"value":9855,"nodeType":867},{},[9854],{"type":910},"“ANTIBOT” (EvilTokens)",{"data":9857,"content":9858,"nodeType":883},{},[9859,9862,9869,9872,9881,9885,9893],{"data":9860,"marks":9861,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9863,"content":9864,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3536},[9865],{"data":9866,"marks":9867,"value":9810,"nodeType":867},{},[9868],{"type":876},{"data":9870,"marks":9871,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":9873,"content":9875,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9874},"https://blog.sekoia.io/new-widespread-eviltokens-kit-device-code-phishing-as-a-service-part-1/",[9876],{"data":9877,"marks":9878,"value":9880,"nodeType":867},{},[9879],{"type":876},"Sekoia",{"data":9882,"marks":9883,"value":9884,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and researcher ",{"data":9886,"content":9887,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9792},[9888],{"data":9889,"marks":9890,"value":9892,"nodeType":867},{},[9891],{"type":876},"Paul Newton",{"data":9894,"marks":9895,"value":9896,"nodeType":867},{},[]," have already done a great job of providing IOCs for the recent EvilTokens activity spike, including multiple backend Railway IPs in authentication events. ",{"data":9898,"content":9902,"nodeType":892},{"target":9899},{"sys":9900},{"id":9901,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1XNviq5OvMf5TEAc59F6g5",[],{"data":9904,"content":9905,"nodeType":883},{},[9906],{"data":9907,"marks":9908,"value":9909,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Beyond the most widely observed implementation featuring a Cloudflare Workers frontend and Railway backend for authentication, we’ve also tracked additional versions of EvilTokens in circulation since January 2026 (many of which remain live along with the current “production” version of the kit). ",{"data":9911,"content":9912,"nodeType":883},{},[9913],{"data":9914,"marks":9915,"value":9916,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can see an evolution of the kit in the videos and screenshots below, from early precursors seen in mid-January, the first mentions of ANTIBOT in the page code in late-January, the parallel development of a “Courts Access” fork that lacks the ANTIBOT references, and finally production EvilTokens in February. One of the key threads between the versions is the presence of a generateFallbackCode() JS function and use of a /generate-codes API call. ",{"data":9918,"content":9919,"nodeType":883},{},[9920],{"data":9921,"marks":9922,"value":9923,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Early implementations were quite different, for example using ScrapingBee to generate the displayed code, and varied hosting on vercel, fastly, edgeone, and others. ",{"data":9925,"content":9926,"nodeType":883},{},[9927],{"data":9928,"marks":9929,"value":9930,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After initially appearing on custom domains, the production version is now predominantly hosted on Cloudflare Workers, as per the broader tracking of the campaign. The descriptive HTML comments around ANTIBOT functions have also been removed in later versions. ",{"data":9932,"content":9933,"nodeType":883},{},[9934,9938,9946],{"data":9935,"marks":9936,"value":9937,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The production version of EvilTokens showcases common ",{"data":9939,"content":9940,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3066},[9941],{"data":9942,"marks":9943,"value":9945,"nodeType":867},{},[9944],{"type":876},"detection evasion techniques",{"data":9947,"marks":9948,"value":9949,"nodeType":867},{},[]," we've come to associate with PhaaS kits in the AiTM space — using multiple redirects through trusted sites before serving the malicious page, using bot protection to block security tools from analyzing the page, and so on. 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hosting",{"data":11748,"content":11749,"nodeType":883},{},[11750],{"data":11751,"marks":11752,"value":11753,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Compromised-site landing pages and CF Workers (*.workers.dev) used as frontends; victim email passed in URL as last path segment ($base64) or ?acct/?encoded query",{"data":11755,"content":11756,"nodeType":3236},{},[11757,11767],{"data":11758,"content":11759,"nodeType":3250},{},[11760],{"data":11761,"content":11762,"nodeType":883},{},[11763],{"data":11764,"marks":11765,"value":10038,"nodeType":867},{},[11766],{"type":910},{"data":11768,"content":11769,"nodeType":3250},{},[11770,11781],{"data":11771,"content":11772,"nodeType":883},{},[11773,11777],{"data":11774,"marks":11775,"value":10513,"nodeType":867},{},[11776],{"type":910},{"data":11778,"marks":11779,"value":11780,"nodeType":867},{},[],"47.253.5.88 (Alibaba Cloud)",{"data":11782,"content":11783,"nodeType":883},{},[11784,11788],{"data":11785,"marks":11786,"value":10079,"nodeType":867},{},[11787],{"type":910},{"data":11789,"marks":11790,"value":10336,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":11792,"content":11793,"nodeType":3236},{},[11794,11804],{"data":11795,"content":11796,"nodeType":3250},{},[11797],{"data":11798,"content":11799,"nodeType":883},{},[11800],{"data":11801,"marks":11802,"value":10121,"nodeType":867},{},[11803],{"type":910},{"data":11805,"content":11806,"nodeType":3250},{},[11807],{"data":11808,"content":11809,"nodeType":883},{},[11810],{"data":11811,"marks":11812,"value":11813,"nodeType":867},{},[],"GET /api/session/{UUIDv4} polled with header X-API-Key: \u003Cprefix>_\u003C64-hex> (key materialised at runtime via atob(window.__cyb3r.k)) \nPOST /api/device-code with body {\"prt_foci_session_id\": \"\u003CUUID>\"} (second-stage code retrieval after initial session error)",{"data":11815,"content":11816,"nodeType":3236},{},[11817,11827],{"data":11818,"content":11819,"nodeType":3250},{},[11820],{"data":11821,"content":11822,"nodeType":883},{},[11823],{"data":11824,"marks":11825,"value":10173,"nodeType":867},{},[11826],{"type":910},{"data":11828,"content":11829,"nodeType":3250},{},[11830],{"data":11831,"content":11832,"nodeType":883},{},[11833],{"data":11834,"marks":11835,"value":11836,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Various: SharePoint \"Remittance Advice\"; Microsoft 365 generic sign-in; Microsoft 365 Voicemail (.mp3 attachment); OneDrive \"Shared file\"; German \"Sicheres Dokumentenportal\" PDF lure",{"data":11838,"content":11839,"nodeType":3236},{},[11840,11850],{"data":11841,"content":11842,"nodeType":3250},{},[11843],{"data":11844,"content":11845,"nodeType":883},{},[11846],{"data":11847,"marks":11848,"value":10396,"nodeType":867},{},[11849],{"type":910},{"data":11851,"content":11852,"nodeType":3250},{},[11853],{"data":11854,"content":11855,"nodeType":883},{},[11856],{"data":11857,"marks":11858,"value":11859,"nodeType":867},{},[],"afriqbeauglobal[.]com/homepage/index[.]html",{"data":11861,"content":11864,"nodeType":892},{"target":11862},{"sys":11863},{"id":3664,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":11866,"content":11867,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":11869,"content":11870,"nodeType":921},{},[11871],{"data":11872,"marks":11873,"value":11875,"nodeType":867},{},[11874],{"type":910},"\"CYB3R\"",{"data":11877,"content":11878,"nodeType":3329},{},[11879,11902,11940,11962,11985],{"data":11880,"content":11881,"nodeType":3236},{},[11882,11892],{"data":11883,"content":11884,"nodeType":3250},{},[11885],{"data":11886,"content":11887,"nodeType":883},{},[11888],{"data":11889,"marks":11890,"value":10014,"nodeType":867},{},[11891],{"type":910},{"data":11893,"content":11894,"nodeType":3250},{},[11895],{"data":11896,"content":11897,"nodeType":883},{},[11898],{"data":11899,"marks":11900,"value":11901,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cloudflare Workers (workers.dev) hosting",{"data":11903,"content":11904,"nodeType":3236},{},[11905,11915],{"data":11906,"content":11907,"nodeType":3250},{},[11908],{"data":11909,"content":11910,"nodeType":883},{},[11911],{"data":11912,"marks":11913,"value":10038,"nodeType":867},{},[11914],{"type":910},{"data":11916,"content":11917,"nodeType":3250},{},[11918,11929],{"data":11919,"content":11920,"nodeType":883},{},[11921,11925],{"data":11922,"marks":11923,"value":10513,"nodeType":867},{},[11924],{"type":910},{"data":11926,"marks":11927,"value":11928,"nodeType":867},{},[],"2400:8d60:2::1:c116:843e (Evoxt VPS)",{"data":11930,"content":11931,"nodeType":883},{},[11932,11936],{"data":11933,"marks":11934,"value":10079,"nodeType":867},{},[11935],{"type":910},{"data":11937,"marks":11938,"value":11939,"nodeType":867},{},[]," axios/1.13.6",{"data":11941,"content":11942,"nodeType":3236},{},[11943,11953],{"data":11944,"content":11945,"nodeType":3250},{},[11946],{"data":11947,"content":11948,"nodeType":883},{},[11949],{"data":11950,"marks":11951,"value":10121,"nodeType":867},{},[11952],{"type":910},{"data":11954,"content":11955,"nodeType":3250},{},[11956],{"data":11957,"content":11958,"nodeType":883},{},[11959],{"data":11960,"marks":11961,"value":11813,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":11963,"content":11964,"nodeType":3236},{},[11965,11975],{"data":11966,"content":11967,"nodeType":3250},{},[11968],{"data":11969,"content":11970,"nodeType":883},{},[11971],{"data":11972,"marks":11973,"value":10173,"nodeType":867},{},[11974],{"type":910},{"data":11976,"content":11977,"nodeType":3250},{},[11978],{"data":11979,"content":11980,"nodeType":883},{},[11981],{"data":11982,"marks":11983,"value":11984,"nodeType":867},{},[],"DocuSign in Spanish (\"Documento Firmar — COTIZACIÓN/ESTIMACIÓN.pdf\", \"Complete su firma\", \"Verifique su identidad\", \"Continuar a Microsoft\").",{"data":11986,"content":11987,"nodeType":3236},{},[11988,11998],{"data":11989,"content":11990,"nodeType":3250},{},[11991],{"data":11992,"content":11993,"nodeType":883},{},[11994],{"data":11995,"marks":11996,"value":10396,"nodeType":867},{},[11997],{"type":910},{"data":11999,"content":12000,"nodeType":3250},{},[12001],{"data":12002,"content":12003,"nodeType":883},{},[12004],{"data":12005,"marks":12006,"value":12007,"nodeType":867},{},[],"muzagestion[.]secure-share[.]workers.dev",{"data":12009,"content":12013,"nodeType":892},{"target":12010},{"sys":12011},{"id":12012,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5EU0QNteiQcYybKG1W1cS3",[],{"data":12015,"content":12016,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":12018,"content":12019,"nodeType":912},{},[12020],{"data":12021,"marks":12022,"value":12024,"nodeType":867},{},[12023],{"type":910},"Device code phishing under the hood",{"data":12026,"content":12027,"nodeType":883},{},[12028,12032],{"data":12029,"marks":12030,"value":12031,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker POSTs to the authorization server's device authorization endpoint with its client_id (i.e. an application ID) and requested scopes or resources. The server responds with a device_code (used for polling), a user_code, a verification_uri, an expires_in value, and a polling interval. The user visits the URL, enters the code and approves the request. Meanwhile, the device polls the token endpoint. Once approved, the server returns an access token, a refresh token (if offline_access was requested), and an ID token (if openid was included). ",{"data":12033,"marks":12034,"value":12036,"nodeType":867},{},[12035],{"type":910},"The attacker now has API access to the victim's account. ",{"data":12038,"content":12039,"nodeType":883},{},[12040],{"data":12041,"marks":12042,"value":12043,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Broadly, this gives the attacker a comparable level of control to a “normal” phishing attack (with conditions based on the scopes granted and specific app being targeted) while API access grants additional capabilities beyond standard browser sessions. When combined with other techniques, this access can be exchanged to open normal browser app sessions and access SSO connected apps.",{"data":12045,"content":12049,"nodeType":892},{"target":12046},{"sys":12047},{"id":12048,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4WtQR2xsE236yoyhSXj58Z",[],{"data":12051,"content":12055,"nodeType":892},{"target":12052},{"sys":12053},{"id":12054,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1x7Lip7JdY2xlHKKurT7qJ",[],{"data":12057,"content":12058,"nodeType":883},{},[12059],{"data":12060,"marks":12061,"value":12062,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At this point, you can achieve a number of objectives both inside the app ecosystem and across SSO connected apps — e.g. data theft, disruption, and ultimately extortion.",{"data":12064,"content":12065,"nodeType":883},{},[12066,12070,12075,12079],{"data":12067,"marks":12068,"value":12069,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Critically, the initial request to generate a device code is typically ",{"data":12071,"marks":12072,"value":12074,"nodeType":867},{},[12073],{"type":910},"unauthenticated",{"data":12076,"marks":12077,"value":12078,"nodeType":867},{},[]," across all providers — ",{"data":12080,"marks":12081,"value":12083,"nodeType":867},{},[12082],{"type":910},"anyone can generate one, from any machine, without proving any relationship to the target organization.",{"data":12085,"content":12086,"nodeType":883},{},[12087,12091,12096],{"data":12088,"marks":12089,"value":12090,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, the attacker has to deliver a set of instructions via a phishing channel (e.g. email, social media DM, corp IM platform, and so on) with a device code that they have generated. The victim then enters this code on the ",{"data":12092,"marks":12093,"value":12095,"nodeType":867},{},[12094],{"type":910},"legitimate device code login page",{"data":12097,"marks":12098,"value":12099,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for that app and issues the tokens to the attacker.",{"data":12101,"content":12105,"nodeType":892},{"target":12102},{"sys":12103},{"id":12104,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1txUYuQjH9FlbDGTo8AbZB",[],{"data":12107,"content":12108,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":12110,"content":12111,"nodeType":912},{},[12112],{"data":12113,"marks":12114,"value":12116,"nodeType":867},{},[12115],{"type":910},"Why device code phishing is so dangerous",{"data":12118,"content":12119,"nodeType":921},{},[12120],{"data":12121,"marks":12122,"value":12124,"nodeType":867},{},[12123],{"type":910},"Device code phishing bypasses authentication controls (including passkeys)",{"data":12126,"content":12127,"nodeType":883},{},[12128,12132,12137,12141],{"data":12129,"marks":12130,"value":12131,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A device code phishing attack ",{"data":12133,"marks":12134,"value":12136,"nodeType":867},{},[12135],{"type":910},"cannot be prevented with authentication controls",{"data":12138,"marks":12139,"value":12140,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This includes all forms of MFA and ",{"data":12142,"marks":12143,"value":12145,"nodeType":867},{},[12144],{"type":910},"even “phishing-resistant” authentication methods such as passkeys. ",{"data":12147,"content":12148,"nodeType":883},{},[12149,12154,12158,12163],{"data":12150,"marks":12151,"value":12153,"nodeType":867},{},[12152],{"type":910},"The device code authorization is effectively performed post-authentication. ",{"data":12155,"marks":12156,"value":12157,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you already have an active session in your browser, entering the device code and selecting your account from a drop-down menu is all that's needed. ",{"data":12159,"marks":12160,"value":12162,"nodeType":867},{},[12161],{"type":910},"No password or MFA required. ",{"data":12164,"marks":12165,"value":12166,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can see an example in the video below.",{"data":12168,"content":12171,"nodeType":892},{"target":12169},{"sys":12170},{"id":11100,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":12173,"content":12174,"nodeType":883},{},[12175],{"data":12176,"marks":12177,"value":12178,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even if you do have to sign in again (because you're not already signed in for some reason), the attack still works because it isn't targeting the login — it's targeting the authorization layer instead.",{"data":12180,"content":12181,"nodeType":883},{},[12182],{"data":12183,"marks":12184,"value":12185,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is what makes device code phishing different to other standard phishing methods like AiTM phishing (and arguably even more effective in environments with strict identity control enforcement). ",{"data":12187,"content":12188,"nodeType":921},{},[12189],{"data":12190,"marks":12191,"value":12193,"nodeType":867},{},[12192],{"type":910},"Device code logins are a feature, not a vulnerability, making attacks difficult to block",{"data":12195,"content":12196,"nodeType":883},{},[12197],{"data":12198,"marks":12199,"value":12200,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Device code authorization is a legitimate mechanism regularly used in enterprise environments, particularly for CLI logins. Tools like Azure CLI, GitHub CLI, and AWS CLI all use (or have used) the device code flow as a primary or fallback authentication method. This creates a dual problem for defenders. ",{"data":12202,"content":12203,"nodeType":883},{},[12204],{"data":12205,"marks":12206,"value":12207,"nodeType":867},{},[],"First, the phishing attack happens entirely on a legitimate site — there's no fake login page, no malicious payload to scan for, and the URL in the browser is genuine. Since there's no traditional phishing content being delivered, these attacks are more resistant to detection by email and network security tools.",{"data":12209,"content":12210,"nodeType":883},{},[12211],{"data":12212,"marks":12213,"value":12214,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Second, the widespread legitimate use of device code flow — particularly among developers and technical users — normalizes the experience of entering device codes. A phishing lure asking them to do the same thing is indistinguishable from a legitimate IT request. And for non-technical users, this experience isn't much different to, for example, entering a code sent via email or authenticator app. ",{"data":12216,"content":12217,"nodeType":921},{},[12218],{"data":12219,"marks":12220,"value":12222,"nodeType":867},{},[12221],{"type":910},"Multiple apps are vulnerable, with different risk profiles",{"data":12224,"content":12225,"nodeType":883},{},[12226],{"data":12227,"marks":12228,"value":12229,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Various apps implement the device code flow, each with different levels of control and default security, but the risk is not uniform across platforms. ",{"data":12231,"content":12232,"nodeType":1526},{},[12233,12248,12262],{"data":12234,"content":12235,"nodeType":1505},{},[12236],{"data":12237,"content":12238,"nodeType":883},{},[12239,12244],{"data":12240,"marks":12241,"value":12243,"nodeType":867},{},[12242],{"type":910},"Google Workspace ",{"data":12245,"marks":12246,"value":12247,"nodeType":867},{},[],"is a significantly lower-risk target because Google explicitly limits which scopes are available to the device code flow — Gmail, Calendar, and most Workspace APIs are simply unavailable through this mechanism. ",{"data":12249,"content":12250,"nodeType":1505},{},[12251],{"data":12252,"content":12253,"nodeType":883},{},[12254,12258],{"data":12255,"marks":12256,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[12257],{"type":910},{"data":12259,"marks":12260,"value":12261,"nodeType":867},{},[]," offers the broadest attack surface due to unrestricted scopes, reusable first-party client IDs, and the FOCI/PRT escalation paths. ",{"data":12263,"content":12264,"nodeType":1505},{},[12265],{"data":12266,"content":12267,"nodeType":883},{},[12268,12272,12276],{"data":12269,"marks":12270,"value":12271,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Apps like ",{"data":12273,"marks":12274,"value":2355,"nodeType":867},{},[12275],{"type":910},{"data":12277,"marks":12278,"value":12279,"nodeType":867},{},[]," sit in between — broad scopes are available (including full repository access), but the attacker must control their own OAuth app and the victim sees an explicit consent screen. ",{"data":12281,"content":12285,"nodeType":892},{"target":12282},{"sys":12283},{"id":12284,"type":889,"linkType":890},"ejNSC76jge1p1zzz9wwiG",[],{"data":12287,"content":12288,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":12290,"content":12291,"nodeType":912},{},[12292],{"data":12293,"marks":12294,"value":6670,"nodeType":867},{},[12295],{"type":910},{"data":12297,"content":12298,"nodeType":883},{},[12299],{"data":12300,"marks":12301,"value":12302,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security teams need to consider the risk posed by device code phishing across multiple apps where device code authorization grants are common, particularly for developers and technical users. ",{"data":12304,"content":12305,"nodeType":883},{},[12306],{"data":12307,"marks":12308,"value":12309,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In an ideal world, you would simply block device code logins. But this can’t be done without causing serious disruption in some environments, while some apps simply don’t provide the tools required to do so. For example, device code is the default CLI sign-in method for GitHub. Developer-heavy organizations are likely to encounter higher levels of legitimate use.",{"data":12311,"content":12312,"nodeType":883},{},[12313,12317,12325,12329,12334,12338,12343,12347,12352],{"data":12314,"marks":12315,"value":12316,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft arguably offers the strongest control options (other than Google, who negate it right out of the gate), though they do require a fair amount of work. ",{"data":12318,"content":12319,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6695},[12320],{"data":12321,"marks":12322,"value":12324,"nodeType":867},{},[12323],{"type":876},"Microsoft now explicitly recommends",{"data":12326,"marks":12327,"value":12328,"nodeType":867},{},[]," blocking device code flow for tenants that haven't used it in the past 25 days. Their guidance is to create a custom CA policy: target relevant users, set the ",{"data":12330,"marks":12331,"value":12333,"nodeType":867},{},[12332],{"type":910},"Authentication Flows",{"data":12335,"marks":12336,"value":12337,"nodeType":867},{},[]," condition to block ",{"data":12339,"marks":12340,"value":12342,"nodeType":867},{},[12341],{"type":910},"Device Code Flow",{"data":12344,"marks":12345,"value":12346,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and set the grant control to ",{"data":12348,"marks":12349,"value":12351,"nodeType":867},{},[12350],{"type":910},"Block Access",{"data":12353,"marks":12354,"value":12355,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Deploy in report-only mode first to identify any legitimate device code usage, then enforce with narrow exceptions.",{"data":12357,"content":12361,"nodeType":892},{"target":12358},{"sys":12359},{"id":12360,"type":889,"linkType":890},"mQIj2o9xRzkZYKNmanB25",[],{"data":12363,"content":12364,"nodeType":883},{},[12365],{"data":12366,"marks":12367,"value":12368,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For other apps, you’re mainly limited to monitoring and response. Ensuring you’re getting authentication logs for these apps is vital, and searching for unusual access patterns (e.g. unusual login protocols, having different IPs for the authorization grant and subsequent account activity). ",{"data":12370,"content":12371,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":12373,"content":12374,"nodeType":912},{},[12375],{"data":12376,"marks":12377,"value":12379,"nodeType":867},{},[12378],{"type":910},"How Push Security can help",{"data":12381,"content":12382,"nodeType":883},{},[12383],{"data":12384,"marks":12385,"value":12386,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push customers can use our browser-based capabilities to overcome the limitations of app-level controls and detect, intercept, and shut down attacks in real time. ",{"data":12388,"content":12389,"nodeType":883},{},[12390],{"data":12391,"marks":12392,"value":12393,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Our research team is already tracking multiple device code phishing campaigns and toolkits, including the EvilTokens kit. Blocking controls are already in place to prevent customers from interacting with malicious pages that match our detections for these new toolkits, ensuring that these pages can be identified and blocked in real time regardless of the infrastructure. ",{"data":12395,"content":12396,"nodeType":883},{},[12397,12400,12407],{"data":12398,"marks":12399,"value":6791,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":12401,"content":12402,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6794},[12403],{"data":12404,"marks":12405,"value":6800,"nodeType":867},{},[12406],{"type":876},{"data":12408,"marks":12409,"value":12410,"nodeType":867},{},[]," whenever a user accesses a URL used for device code logins. This provides universal, last-mile protection against even ‘zero-day’ device code phishing attacks using previously unidentified toolkits.  ",{"data":12412,"content":12416,"nodeType":892},{"target":12413},{"sys":12414},{"id":12415,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3JsbGaOKSS3INzBUJpoh1W",[],{"data":12418,"content":12419,"nodeType":883},{},[12420],{"data":12421,"marks":12422,"value":12423,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When a user visits those URLs, Push will also emit a webhook event that the banner was shown and acknowledged. If a user opts to proceed, you can treat this as a high-fidelity alert for your security team to investigate, providing app-agnostic telemetry that may not already be provided in your logs from that particular vendor. You can also simply use Push to block users from accessing device login pages if you’re confident that disruption won’t be caused. ",{"data":12425,"content":12426,"nodeType":921},{},[12427],{"data":12428,"marks":12429,"value":6066,"nodeType":867},{},[12430],{"type":910},{"data":12432,"content":12433,"nodeType":883},{},[12434],{"data":12435,"marks":12436,"value":12437,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack 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",{"data":13360,"content":13364,"nodeType":892},{"target":13361},{"sys":13362},{"id":13363,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2x3blnHzZYcJ8c439C4NqI",[],{"data":13366,"content":13367,"nodeType":883},{},[13368],{"data":13369,"marks":13370,"value":13371,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s why: Security tooling hasn’t kept up with adversary advances, and normal human behaviors are being expressly targeted via the browser to achieve compromise of accounts and endpoints. If you list the pitfalls facing the common end-user encountering these kinds of attack methods, the picture becomes even more stark.",{"data":13373,"content":13374,"nodeType":883},{},[13375],{"data":13376,"marks":13377,"value":13378,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To solve these problems, you need security tooling that sits in line with the user where they’re already working: In the browser. In this Push product guide, we’ll cover how you can use Push to provide point-in-time guidance — everything from block pages to informational banners — to protect users from modern browser-based TTPs and to guide them to remediate common vulnerabilities that can lead to account takeover.",{"data":13380,"content":13381,"nodeType":883},{},[13382],{"data":13383,"marks":13384,"value":13385,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve also recently introduced custom branding and styling options for user-facing block pages and banners so you can provide a cohesive and trustworthy experience across your security ecosystem.",{"data":13387,"content":13391,"nodeType":892},{"target":13388},{"sys":13389},{"id":13390,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7fwCnr9bz76rWWCL6EReOT",[],{"data":13393,"content":13394,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":13396,"content":13397,"nodeType":912},{},[13398],{"data":13399,"marks":13400,"value":13402,"nodeType":867},{},[13401],{"type":910},"Why you can’t train users to recognize modern browser-based attack methods",{"data":13404,"content":13405,"nodeType":883},{},[13406],{"data":13407,"marks":13408,"value":13409,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User awareness training can help you build your workforce’s basic security baseline. But it’s not a reliable remedy for modern browser-based TTPs. When you look at the creative methods attackers are using — and rapidly improving on — it’s obvious why.",{"data":13411,"content":13415,"nodeType":892},{"target":13412},{"sys":13413},{"id":13414,"type":889,"linkType":890},"eHla7GPCH5eTpdfEqW5Zo",[],{"data":13417,"content":13421,"nodeType":892},{"target":13418},{"sys":13419},{"id":13420,"type":889,"linkType":890},"29vUtbEUam8fhbwnQdINRJ",[],{"data":13423,"content":13424,"nodeType":883},{},[13425,13429,13434],{"data":13426,"marks":13427,"value":13428,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To avoid account or endpoint compromise while going about your daily work as a user, you would need to accomplish these ",{"data":13430,"marks":13431,"value":13433,"nodeType":867},{},[13432],{"type":2278},"extremely 100% achievable activities",{"data":13435,"marks":13436,"value":13437,"nodeType":867},{},[],", including:",{"data":13439,"content":13440,"nodeType":3329},{},[13441,13466,13508,13531,13565,13597],{"data":13442,"content":13443,"nodeType":3236},{},[13444,13455],{"data":13445,"content":13446,"nodeType":3224},{},[13447],{"data":13448,"content":13449,"nodeType":883},{},[13450],{"data":13451,"marks":13452,"value":13454,"nodeType":867},{},[13453],{"type":910},"Scenario",{"data":13456,"content":13457,"nodeType":3224},{},[13458],{"data":13459,"content":13460,"nodeType":883},{},[13461],{"data":13462,"marks":13463,"value":13465,"nodeType":867},{},[13464],{"type":910},"Threat",{"data":13467,"content":13468,"nodeType":3236},{},[13469,13494],{"data":13470,"content":13471,"nodeType":3250},{},[13472],{"data":13473,"content":13474,"nodeType":883},{},[13475,13479,13490],{"data":13476,"marks":13477,"value":13478,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While using search engines, never click on a ",{"data":13480,"content":13484,"nodeType":13489},{"target":13481},{"sys":13482},{"id":13483,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2YmiesBvJHGw4wiKEKzLUq",[13485],{"data":13486,"marks":13487,"value":13488,"nodeType":867},{},[],"malicious link","entry-hyperlink",{"data":13491,"marks":13492,"value":13493,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in sponsored or organic results (it's often the first link you see, too).",{"data":13495,"content":13496,"nodeType":3250},{},[13497],{"data":13498,"content":13499,"nodeType":883},{},[13500,13504],{"data":13501,"marks":13502,"value":13503,"nodeType":867},{},[],"M",{"data":13505,"marks":13506,"value":13507,"nodeType":867},{},[],"alvertising, SEO poisoning, compromised legitimate webpages, vibecoded phishing webpages.",{"data":13509,"content":13510,"nodeType":3236},{},[13511,13521],{"data":13512,"content":13513,"nodeType":3250},{},[13514],{"data":13515,"content":13516,"nodeType":883},{},[13517],{"data":13518,"marks":13519,"value":13520,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Know when to trust an email coming from an app you use every day, and when it could be malicious (it looks the same).",{"data":13522,"content":13523,"nodeType":3250},{},[13524],{"data":13525,"content":13526,"nodeType":883},{},[13527],{"data":13528,"marks":13529,"value":13530,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using SaaS services to distribute malicious links using trusted sites (also a handy way of evading email controls).",{"data":13532,"content":13533,"nodeType":3236},{},[13534,13555],{"data":13535,"content":13536,"nodeType":3250},{},[13537],{"data":13538,"content":13539,"nodeType":883},{},[13540,13544,13552],{"data":13541,"marks":13542,"value":13543,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When reading a LinkedIn DM from a colleague, anticipate that they might have been hacked and have sent you a malicious link. (Yes, this was a ",{"data":13545,"content":13547,"nodeType":878},{"uri":13546},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-push-stopped-a-high-risk-linkedin-spear-phishing-attack/",[13548],{"data":13549,"marks":13550,"value":13551,"nodeType":867},{},[],"real scenario",{"data":13553,"marks":13554,"value":3075,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13556,"content":13557,"nodeType":3250},{},[13558],{"data":13559,"content":13560,"nodeType":883},{},[13561],{"data":13562,"marks":13563,"value":13564,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Abuse of social media, IM platforms, and other apps where you can be directly contacted by users external to your organization. ",{"data":13566,"content":13567,"nodeType":3236},{},[13568,13578],{"data":13569,"content":13570,"nodeType":3250},{},[13571],{"data":13572,"content":13573,"nodeType":883},{},[13574],{"data":13575,"marks":13576,"value":13577,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When logging in to an app, never follow benign-seeming but actually malicious instructions to enter a code onto a legitimate page to complete your login.",{"data":13579,"content":13580,"nodeType":3250},{},[13581],{"data":13582,"content":13583,"nodeType":883},{},[13584,13588,13594],{"data":13585,"marks":13586,"value":13587,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AiTM phishing, OAuth consent phishing, ",{"data":13589,"content":13590,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2036},[13591],{"data":13592,"marks":13593,"value":6443,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13595,"marks":13596,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13598,"content":13599,"nodeType":3236},{},[13600,13610],{"data":13601,"content":13602,"nodeType":3250},{},[13603],{"data":13604,"content":13605,"nodeType":883},{},[13606],{"data":13607,"marks":13608,"value":13609,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Know which instructions to follow and which are malicious when verifying that you're human on a CAPTCHA-style page.",{"data":13611,"content":13612,"nodeType":3250},{},[13613],{"data":13614,"content":13615,"nodeType":883},{},[13616,13619,13626,13630,13636],{"data":13617,"marks":13618,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13620,"content":13622,"nodeType":878},{"uri":13621},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-most-advanced-clickfix-yet/",[13623],{"data":13624,"marks":13625,"value":315,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13627,"marks":13628,"value":13629,"nodeType":867},{},[],"-style attacks that trick the user into running a malicious script or command, or ",{"data":13631,"content":13632,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1963},[13633],{"data":13634,"marks":13635,"value":1968,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13637,"marks":13638,"value":13639,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (which is even sneakier and simply involves copying a URL).",{"data":13641,"content":13642,"nodeType":883},{},[13643,13647],{"data":13644,"marks":13645,"value":13646,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And we're barely scratching the surface here. ",{"data":13648,"marks":13649,"value":13651,"nodeType":867},{},[13650],{"type":910},"Easy, right?",{"data":13653,"content":13654,"nodeType":921},{},[13655],{"data":13656,"marks":13657,"value":13659,"nodeType":867},{},[13658],{"type":910},"Can't we block users from interacting with bad content? ",{"data":13661,"content":13662,"nodeType":883},{},[13663],{"data":13664,"marks":13665,"value":13666,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So if you can’t train your way out of these problems, what about locking down and blocking your way out of the problem?",{"data":13668,"content":13669,"nodeType":883},{},[13670],{"data":13671,"marks":13672,"value":13673,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This, too, simply isn’t really feasible. ",{"data":13675,"content":13676,"nodeType":883},{},[13677],{"data":13678,"marks":13679,"value":13680,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern cloud-first adversaries routinely rotate domains on malicious pages; use trusted services like SharePoint, Adobe, Google Sites, Cloudflare, and Atlassian to deliver lures; target end-users across multiple channels, including social media, forums, chat platforms, Google search results, email, and webpages; and use legitimate security tools like bot protection to bypass detection by other legitimate security tools, such as web content scanning and analysis solutions.",{"data":13682,"content":13683,"nodeType":883},{},[13684,13688,13692,13697],{"data":13685,"marks":13686,"value":13687,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To safely navigate the internet today, y",{"data":13689,"marks":13690,"value":13691,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ou need to be able to spot malicious pages and content ",{"data":13693,"marks":13694,"value":13696,"nodeType":867},{},[13695],{"type":910},"the first time they're seen in the wild",{"data":13698,"marks":13699,"value":13700,"nodeType":867},{},[],". If you're relying on indicators of known bad, you're always a step behind, leaving users exposed.",{"data":13702,"content":13706,"nodeType":892},{"target":13703},{"sys":13704},{"id":13705,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3ZfqOLRdJZJIc78rj9E9JZ",[],{"data":13708,"content":13709,"nodeType":883},{},[13710],{"data":13711,"marks":13712,"value":13713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To protect users while they work online, you need a purpose-built security tool that can respond in real time to modern TTPs and guide users securely — without introducing extra work or a lot of friction. Push can help with that.",{"data":13715,"content":13716,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":13718,"content":13719,"nodeType":912},{},[13720],{"data":13721,"marks":13722,"value":13724,"nodeType":867},{},[13723],{"type":910},"Why in-browser controls?",{"data":13726,"content":13727,"nodeType":883},{},[13728],{"data":13729,"marks":13730,"value":13731,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Simply put, using in-browser security controls gets you the closest to the user and their work in order to protect them from modern browser-based threats. Adding in-browser controls also solves two tricky problems for security teams: ",{"data":13733,"content":13734,"nodeType":1526},{},[13735,13750],{"data":13736,"content":13737,"nodeType":1505},{},[13738],{"data":13739,"content":13740,"nodeType":883},{},[13741,13746],{"data":13742,"marks":13743,"value":13745,"nodeType":867},{},[13744],{"type":910},"Filling the gap between solution layers",{"data":13747,"marks":13748,"value":13749,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in order to detect and block attack methods like Adversary-in-the-Middle phishing, malicious browser extensions, and ClickFix-style social engineering attacks that other tools miss.",{"data":13751,"content":13752,"nodeType":1505},{},[13753],{"data":13754,"content":13755,"nodeType":883},{},[13756,13761],{"data":13757,"marks":13758,"value":13760,"nodeType":867},{},[13759],{"type":910},"Providing just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":13762,"marks":13763,"value":13764,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to end-users when it’s the right moment to act on that guidance, reducing your attack surface across your online apps, browser extensions, and accounts, and ensuring your app usage policies are followed.",{"data":13766,"content":13767,"nodeType":921},{},[13768],{"data":13769,"marks":13770,"value":13771,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Fill the gap between solution layers",{"data":13773,"content":13774,"nodeType":883},{},[13775,13779,13784],{"data":13776,"marks":13777,"value":13778,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most existing security solutions operate just ",{"data":13780,"marks":13781,"value":13783,"nodeType":867},{},[13782],{"type":2278},"outside",{"data":13785,"marks":13786,"value":13787,"nodeType":867},{},[]," the context of a user interacting with a webpage. This leaves blind spots that attackers are exploiting between layers of security tooling.",{"data":13789,"content":13790,"nodeType":883},{},[13791,13795,13805],{"data":13792,"marks":13793,"value":13794,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, network proxies see HTTP requests, URLs, and page headers, but not the ",{"data":13796,"content":13800,"nodeType":13489},{"target":13797},{"sys":13798},{"id":13799,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5caCcGCqMMPm5KlwUv0sbz",[13801],{"data":13802,"marks":13803,"value":13804,"nodeType":867},{},[],"structural elements",{"data":13806,"marks":13807,"value":13808,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of the DOM or on-page user interactions that are key to fingerprinting the behavior of AiTM phishing kits or ClickFix-style social engineering attacks. ",{"data":13810,"content":13811,"nodeType":883},{},[13812,13816,13826,13830,13840],{"data":13813,"marks":13814,"value":13815,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similarly, ",{"data":13817,"content":13821,"nodeType":13489},{"target":13818},{"sys":13819},{"id":13820,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6YWYKGESlyUKQxvhKmBzeH",[13822],{"data":13823,"marks":13824,"value":13825,"nodeType":867},{},[],"EDR tools",{"data":13827,"marks":13828,"value":13829,"nodeType":867},{},[]," only see the bad thing when it hits the endpoint, and many ",{"data":13831,"content":13835,"nodeType":13489},{"target":13832},{"sys":13833},{"id":13834,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2k2aDK5dyQKlQBrk66pMXE",[13836],{"data":13837,"marks":13838,"value":13839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"cloud security tools",{"data":13841,"marks":13842,"value":13843,"nodeType":867},{},[]," rely on complex policy configurations across a core set of apps to provide security protection — leaving a gap in detection and response capabilities outside their purview.",{"data":13845,"content":13849,"nodeType":892},{"target":13846},{"sys":13847},{"id":13848,"type":889,"linkType":890},"50NyBpr96dKspvTzJTBOlC",[],{"data":13851,"content":13852,"nodeType":921},{},[13853],{"data":13854,"marks":13855,"value":13856,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Provide just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":13858,"content":13859,"nodeType":883},{},[13860,13864,13872],{"data":13861,"marks":13862,"value":13863,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As some of our customers like to say, Push provides security teams with a ",{"data":13865,"content":13867,"nodeType":878},{"uri":13866},"/customer-stories/upvest",[13868],{"data":13869,"marks":13870,"value":13871,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“seat on the user’s side”",{"data":13873,"marks":13874,"value":13875,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of the equation so you can enforce security best practices.",{"data":13877,"content":13878,"nodeType":883},{},[13879],{"data":13880,"marks":13881,"value":13882,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Having that seat on the user’s side also helps you deliver guidance in the right context for it to be followed: When the user is engaged in doing the behavior you want to influence (or prevent). The right information, at the right time, in the right format — not a belated reminder through a different channel that’s easy to ignore.",{"data":13884,"content":13885,"nodeType":883},{},[13886],{"data":13887,"marks":13888,"value":13889,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With those outcomes in mind, let’s look at some specific solutions from the Push platform.",{"data":13891,"content":13892,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":13894,"content":13895,"nodeType":912},{},[13896],{"data":13897,"marks":13898,"value":13900,"nodeType":867},{},[13899],{"type":910},"How Push helps you protect users from browser-based ATO, ClickFix, and similar attacks",{"data":13902,"content":13903,"nodeType":883},{},[13904],{"data":13905,"marks":13906,"value":13907,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Push platform provides out-of-the-box detections for browser-based attacks, including:",{"data":13909,"content":13910,"nodeType":1526},{},[13911,13934,13957,13978],{"data":13912,"content":13913,"nodeType":1505},{},[13914],{"data":13915,"content":13916,"nodeType":883},{},[13917,13920,13930],{"data":13918,"marks":13919,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13921,"content":13925,"nodeType":13489},{"target":13922},{"sys":13923},{"id":13924,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7KRnTSnJAbbiho69gNyN0B",[13926],{"data":13927,"marks":13928,"value":13929,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AiTM phishing kits",{"data":13931,"marks":13932,"value":13933,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that can bypass MFA",{"data":13935,"content":13936,"nodeType":1505},{},[13937],{"data":13938,"content":13939,"nodeType":883},{},[13940,13943,13953],{"data":13941,"marks":13942,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13944,"content":13948,"nodeType":13489},{"target":13945},{"sys":13946},{"id":13947,"type":889,"linkType":890},"jN3GN5ddMJZiDtl0fgUVd",[13949],{"data":13950,"marks":13951,"value":13952,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cloned login pages",{"data":13954,"marks":13955,"value":13956,"nodeType":867},{},[]," designed to steal user credentials",{"data":13958,"content":13959,"nodeType":1505},{},[13960],{"data":13961,"content":13962,"nodeType":883},{},[13963,13966,13975],{"data":13964,"marks":13965,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13967,"content":13971,"nodeType":13489},{"target":13968},{"sys":13969},{"id":13970,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5NyiWgjMDwk16XZ0S681JK",[13972],{"data":13973,"marks":13974,"value":699,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13976,"marks":13977,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13979,"content":13980,"nodeType":1505},{},[13981],{"data":13982,"content":13983,"nodeType":883},{},[13984,13987,13997],{"data":13985,"marks":13986,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":13988,"content":13992,"nodeType":13489},{"target":13989},{"sys":13990},{"id":13991,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7jygmadjoz0asAHv7e5PuK",[13993],{"data":13994,"marks":13995,"value":13996,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malicious copy and paste attacks",{"data":13998,"marks":13999,"value":14000,"nodeType":867},{},[]," like ClickFix, FileFix, and similar",{"data":14002,"content":14003,"nodeType":883},{},[14004],{"data":14005,"marks":14006,"value":14007,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For each of these attack vectors, Push delivers detection events and associated metadata for quick triage by the security team, as well as employee-facing warn or block screens, based on your selected configuration.",{"data":14009,"content":14010,"nodeType":883},{},[14011],{"data":14012,"marks":14013,"value":14014,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s a snapshot of the capabilities of these controls and what end-users will experience.",{"data":14016,"content":14017,"nodeType":921},{},[14018],{"data":14019,"marks":14020,"value":14022,"nodeType":867},{},[14021],{"type":910},"The scenario:",{"data":14024,"content":14025,"nodeType":883},{},[14026],{"data":14027,"marks":14028,"value":14029,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When a user encounters a malicious page — whether that’s an AiTM phishing tool running on a webpage, or a ClickFix-style attack — or attempts to install a malicious extension, Push immediately steps in. ",{"data":14031,"content":14032,"nodeType":883},{},[14033],{"data":14034,"marks":14035,"value":14036,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push can prevent users from entering their credentials on phishing pages, including cloned login pages, or from pasting malicious clipboard contents that can run malware on their device. Push can also prevent users from installing known-bad browser extensions. ",{"data":14038,"content":14039,"nodeType":883},{},[14040],{"data":14041,"marks":14042,"value":14043,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In each of these scenarios, Push admins get detailed detection information they can use to triage the incident.",{"data":14045,"content":14049,"nodeType":892},{"target":14046},{"sys":14047},{"id":14048,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5jR3YVUiusHGnXDOyrgYpr",[],{"data":14051,"content":14052,"nodeType":921},{},[14053],{"data":14054,"marks":14055,"value":14057,"nodeType":867},{},[14056],{"type":910},"How it works:",{"data":14059,"content":14060,"nodeType":883},{},[14061],{"data":14062,"marks":14063,"value":14064,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Rather than relying on known-bad intelligence like domains or URLs, Push performs a behavioral and structural analysis of malicious pages in real time.",{"data":14066,"content":14067,"nodeType":883},{},[14068],{"data":14069,"marks":14070,"value":14071,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That means a phishing page never has to appear in a threat intelligence feed in order to be detected and blocked.",{"data":14073,"content":14074,"nodeType":883},{},[14075],{"data":14076,"marks":14077,"value":14078,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similarly, for malicious copy and paste attacks like ClickFix, Push analyzes the content copied to the clipboard but also evaluates the context of the page to reduce false positives. In blocking mode, Push’s control for ClickFix-style attacks replaces the malicious clipboard contents with safe text — preventing potential endpoint compromise before it can occur.",{"data":14080,"content":14084,"nodeType":892},{"target":14081},{"sys":14082},{"id":14083,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3OkejjEjV9xflBc5ouOVFn",[],{"data":14086,"content":14087,"nodeType":883},{},[14088],{"data":14089,"marks":14090,"value":14091,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, for identifying malicious browser extensions, Push takes a slightly different approach — combining both behavioral detections and curated intelligence of known-bad extensions from our own research and from trusted industry sources. We’ve found this combination provides the highest-fidelity way to identify malicious extensions without relying on approaches like analyzing extension permissions, which often isn’t actionable. ",{"data":14093,"content":14094,"nodeType":921},{},[14095],{"data":14096,"marks":14097,"value":14099,"nodeType":867},{},[14098],{"type":910},"Your security team gets:",{"data":14101,"content":14102,"nodeType":883},{},[14103,14107,14115],{"data":14104,"marks":14105,"value":14106,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Readymade detection and alerting, combined with detailed telemetry. Detections and their associated metadata can be consumed via ",{"data":14108,"content":14110,"nodeType":878},{"uri":14109},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/getting-started/#api-and-webhooks",[14111],{"data":14112,"marks":14113,"value":14114,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push’s REST API and webhooks",{"data":14116,"marks":14117,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":14119,"content":14120,"nodeType":921},{},[14121],{"data":14122,"marks":14123,"value":14125,"nodeType":867},{},[14124],{"type":910},"Your end-users see:",{"data":14127,"content":14128,"nodeType":883},{},[14129],{"data":14130,"marks":14131,"value":14132,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An immediate block screen in your company colors and brand style, providing a highly memorable, contextual moment of learning — and reassuring them that an incident has been prevented.",{"data":14134,"content":14138,"nodeType":892},{"target":14135},{"sys":14136},{"id":14137,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4QfjDDfKjohKr1qqDLRT0m",[],{"data":14140,"content":14141,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":14143,"content":14144,"nodeType":912},{},[14145],{"data":14146,"marks":14147,"value":14149,"nodeType":867},{},[14148],{"type":910},"How Push helps you remediate account vulnerabilities at scale",{"data":14151,"content":14152,"nodeType":883},{},[14153],{"data":14154,"marks":14155,"value":14156,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Just-in-time security enforcement works best when it’s trustworthy and contextual — without making a lot more work for your team. Push also provides readymade controls for remediating common account vulnerabilities that contribute to your attack surface online, helping you harden existing accounts and reduce behaviors that introduce new risks.",{"data":14158,"content":14159,"nodeType":883},{},[14160],{"data":14161,"marks":14162,"value":14163,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With Push, you can:",{"data":14165,"content":14166,"nodeType":1526},{},[14167,14190,14227,14251],{"data":14168,"content":14169,"nodeType":1505},{},[14170],{"data":14171,"content":14172,"nodeType":883},{},[14173,14176,14186],{"data":14174,"marks":14175,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":14177,"content":14181,"nodeType":13489},{"target":14178},{"sys":14179},{"id":14180,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6FYHbkcRUrtznPo7RarRsz",[14182],{"data":14183,"marks":14184,"value":14185,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Prevent the phishing or reuse of high-value passwords",{"data":14187,"marks":14188,"value":14189,"nodeType":867},{},[],", like your IdP, AWS, or code repository passwords.",{"data":14191,"content":14192,"nodeType":1505},{},[14193],{"data":14194,"content":14195,"nodeType":883},{},[14196,14200,14210,14213,14223],{"data":14197,"marks":14198,"value":14199,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Remediate ",{"data":14201,"content":14205,"nodeType":13489},{"target":14202},{"sys":14203},{"id":14204,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2WAc5HflKonFN7Jc53ROgj",[14206],{"data":14207,"marks":14208,"value":14209,"nodeType":867},{},[],"missing MFA",{"data":14211,"marks":14212,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":14214,"content":14218,"nodeType":13489},{"target":14215},{"sys":14216},{"id":14217,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2dAP36chda6ZDGKzw0Itfs",[14219],{"data":14220,"marks":14221,"value":14222,"nodeType":867},{},[],"insecure passwords",{"data":14224,"marks":14225,"value":14226,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on any work app, even those not managed by your SSO solution.",{"data":14228,"content":14229,"nodeType":1505},{},[14230],{"data":14231,"content":14232,"nodeType":883},{},[14233,14237,14247],{"data":14234,"marks":14235,"value":14236,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Use ",{"data":14238,"content":14242,"nodeType":13489},{"target":14239},{"sys":14240},{"id":14241,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2ZpKnuljaUH0jzVaae4SMN",[14243],{"data":14244,"marks":14245,"value":14246,"nodeType":867},{},[],"in-browser banners",{"data":14248,"marks":14249,"value":14250,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to add guardrails to app usage, including blocking unapproved SaaS or collecting a business reason to access an app before approving it.",{"data":14252,"content":14253,"nodeType":1505},{},[14254],{"data":14255,"content":14256,"nodeType":883},{},[14257,14260,14270],{"data":14258,"marks":14259,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":14261,"content":14265,"nodeType":13489},{"target":14262},{"sys":14263},{"id":14264,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3ibVBa6u0XfcXXDVtON5th",[14266],{"data":14267,"marks":14268,"value":14269,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Block unwanted or unapproved browser extensions",{"data":14271,"marks":14272,"value":14273,"nodeType":867},{},[]," from being installed, or disable them if they’ve been installed previously.",{"data":14275,"content":14276,"nodeType":883},{},[14277],{"data":14278,"marks":14279,"value":14014,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":14281,"content":14282,"nodeType":921},{},[14283],{"data":14284,"marks":14285,"value":14022,"nodeType":867},{},[14286],{"type":910},{"data":14288,"content":14289,"nodeType":883},{},[14290],{"data":14291,"marks":14292,"value":14293,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push uses in-browser controls to intervene when a user is missing MFA; reusing a high-value password; using an insecure password; attempting to log in to an unapproved app; or attempting to install a blocked extension. ",{"data":14295,"content":14296,"nodeType":883},{},[14297],{"data":14298,"marks":14299,"value":14300,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push can block users from reusing passwords set as “protected” (meaning they can’t be reused on any other page or app) or from using unapproved apps or extensions. Push can guide users to update their password or register for MFA on accounts where they lack it. Push can also provide any other specific security or policy guidance to employees via banners that appear on apps in your environment, including GenAI apps. ",{"data":14302,"content":14303,"nodeType":883},{},[14304],{"data":14305,"marks":14306,"value":14307,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For all of these scenarios, you can tune Push controls to your preferred mode (informing vs. blocking, for example) and select which employees, employee groups, and apps or accounts to focus on.",{"data":14309,"content":14310,"nodeType":883},{},[14311],{"data":14312,"marks":14313,"value":14314,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can also customize the message that employees see, to match your organizational culture and policies.",{"data":14316,"content":14317,"nodeType":921},{},[14318],{"data":14319,"marks":14320,"value":14322,"nodeType":867},{},[14321],{"type":910},"How it works: ",{"data":14324,"content":14325,"nodeType":883},{},[14326],{"data":14327,"marks":14328,"value":14329,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Push browser agent observes real-time user behavior and securely analyzes users’ account vulnerabilities in order to identify risks and execute your preconfigured controls. ",{"data":14331,"content":14332,"nodeType":883},{},[14333],{"data":14334,"marks":14335,"value":14336,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To identify MFA status, Push uses the app’s own API to query the logged-in user’s registered MFA methods. To analyze password security, Push creates a salted, truncated hash that is stored locally in the user’s browser and then used for comparison to find reused passwords, leaked passwords, and shared passwords. ",{"data":14338,"content":14339,"nodeType":883},{},[14340,14344,14349,14352,14357],{"data":14341,"marks":14342,"value":14343,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using the ",{"data":14345,"marks":14346,"value":14348,"nodeType":867},{},[14347],{"type":910},"MFA enforcement",{"data":14350,"marks":14351,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":14353,"marks":14354,"value":14356,"nodeType":867},{},[14355],{"type":910},"Strong password enforcement",{"data":14358,"marks":14359,"value":14360,"nodeType":867},{},[]," controls, you can then automatically display a banner to users with those account vulnerabilities, guiding them to fix the issue.",{"data":14362,"content":14366,"nodeType":892},{"target":14363},{"sys":14364},{"id":14365,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7Ka4CumZk9it6GsdlNHREA",[],{"data":14368,"content":14369,"nodeType":883},{},[14370,14374,14379],{"data":14371,"marks":14372,"value":14373,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using Push’s ",{"data":14375,"marks":14376,"value":14378,"nodeType":867},{},[14377],{"type":910},"Password protection",{"data":14380,"marks":14381,"value":14382,"nodeType":867},{},[]," control, you can select apps where you want to essentially “pin” the high-value password to only that app and prevent its reuse (or phishing) on any other domain. ",{"data":14384,"content":14385,"nodeType":883},{},[14386,14389,14394],{"data":14387,"marks":14388,"value":14373,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":14390,"marks":14391,"value":14393,"nodeType":867},{},[14392],{"type":910},"Browser extension blocking",{"data":14395,"marks":14396,"value":14397,"nodeType":867},{},[]," control, you can create a blocklist or allowlist of extensions and prevent users from installing or enabling blocked extensions.",{"data":14399,"content":14400,"nodeType":883},{},[14401,14405,14410],{"data":14402,"marks":14403,"value":14404,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, using Push’s ",{"data":14406,"marks":14407,"value":14409,"nodeType":867},{},[14408],{"type":910},"App banners",{"data":14411,"marks":14412,"value":14413,"nodeType":867},{},[]," feature, you can add custom messages in a range of modes — from informing to blocking — to apps in use across your business, or even specific URL patterns.",{"data":14415,"content":14419,"nodeType":892},{"target":14416},{"sys":14417},{"id":14418,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5Mq4PEzEhW8p1qLvS9aZMm",[],{"data":14421,"content":14422,"nodeType":921},{},[14423],{"data":14424,"marks":14425,"value":14427,"nodeType":867},{},[14426],{"type":910},"Your security team gets: ",{"data":14429,"content":14430,"nodeType":883},{},[14431],{"data":14432,"marks":14433,"value":14434,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A flexible and highly configurable set of controls to solve account vulnerabilities at scale and to enforce your security controls around browser extensions and app usage.",{"data":14436,"content":14437,"nodeType":921},{},[14438],{"data":14439,"marks":14440,"value":14442,"nodeType":867},{},[14441],{"type":910},"Your end-users see: ",{"data":14444,"content":14445,"nodeType":883},{},[14446],{"data":14447,"marks":14448,"value":14449,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Contextual, actionable guidance in the midst of their actual workflow, helping them fix the issue or guiding them to safety.",{"data":14451,"content":14452,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":14454,"content":14455,"nodeType":912},{},[14456],{"data":14457,"marks":14458,"value":14460,"nodeType":867},{},[14459],{"type":910},"Implementation tips",{"data":14462,"content":14463,"nodeType":883},{},[14464],{"data":14465,"marks":14466,"value":14467,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push allows you to set the scope and mode of each control, making it simple to roll out. ",{"data":14469,"content":14470,"nodeType":883},{},[14471,14475,14480,14484,14488,14492,14497],{"data":14472,"marks":14473,"value":14474,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We recommend starting in ",{"data":14476,"marks":14477,"value":14479,"nodeType":867},{},[14478],{"type":910},"Monitor",{"data":14481,"marks":14482,"value":14483,"nodeType":867},{},[]," mode for controls that intervene in end-user activities. That way, you can perform testing with sample malicious sites or scenarios like reused protected passwords, tune out any benign true positives, and develop the messaging you want to use on warn or block pages. (For controls without an explicit monitor mode, like ",{"data":14485,"marks":14486,"value":14356,"nodeType":867},{},[14487],{"type":910},{"data":14489,"marks":14490,"value":14491,"nodeType":867},{},[],", you can still monitor for related events on the ",{"data":14493,"marks":14494,"value":14496,"nodeType":867},{},[14495],{"type":910},"Events",{"data":14498,"marks":14499,"value":14500,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page, such as account security findings, or by consuming webhooks into a downstream tool.)",{"data":14502,"content":14506,"nodeType":892},{"target":14503},{"sys":14504},{"id":14505,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7vk8DHv01cM1o2C0ZpAvZu",[],{"data":14508,"content":14509,"nodeType":883},{},[14510,14514,14519,14522,14527],{"data":14511,"marks":14512,"value":14513,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When you’re ready, set the mode to ",{"data":14515,"marks":14516,"value":14518,"nodeType":867},{},[14517],{"type":910},"Warn",{"data":14520,"marks":14521,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":14523,"marks":14524,"value":14526,"nodeType":867},{},[14525],{"type":910},"Block",{"data":14528,"marks":14529,"value":14530,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and use the scope options to perform a phased rollout to your user population by adding additional user groups to the control until you have complete coverage of your population.",{"data":14532,"content":14533,"nodeType":883},{},[14534],{"data":14535,"marks":14536,"value":14537,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By consuming webhook events into your SIEM, you can integrate Push alerts into your existing security workflows, monitoring for new detections or tracking when account vulnerabilities are resolved.",{"data":14539,"content":14540,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":14542,"content":14543,"nodeType":912},{},[14544],{"data":14545,"marks":14546,"value":14548,"nodeType":867},{},[14547],{"type":910},"Enhancing user trust with custom branding",{"data":14550,"content":14551,"nodeType":883},{},[14552],{"data":14553,"marks":14554,"value":14555,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We recently released the option to customize the look and feel of all employee-facing banners and block pages. ",{"data":14557,"content":14558,"nodeType":883},{},[14559,14563,14568],{"data":14560,"marks":14561,"value":14562,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From the ",{"data":14564,"marks":14565,"value":14567,"nodeType":867},{},[14566],{"type":910},"Settings",{"data":14569,"marks":14570,"value":14571,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page in the Push admin console, you can upload your logo, add accent colors, and choose from light or dark backgrounds.",{"data":14573,"content":14577,"nodeType":892},{"target":14574},{"sys":14575},{"id":14576,"type":889,"linkType":890},"51lk1VRP20G7H4PAoRZANI",[],{"data":14579,"content":14580,"nodeType":883},{},[14581],{"data":14582,"marks":14583,"value":14584,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Custom branding increases the trustworthiness of these in-the-moment security guardrails so that users recognize them immediately and act on their guidance.",{"data":14586,"content":14587,"nodeType":883},{},[14588],{"data":14589,"marks":14590,"value":14591,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The result: Better compliance and lower friction for you and your employees.",{"data":14593,"content":14594,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":14596,"content":14597,"nodeType":912},{},[14598],{"data":14599,"marks":14600,"value":6066,"nodeType":867},{},[14601],{"type":910},{"data":14603,"content":14604,"nodeType":883},{},[14605,14609,14616],{"data":14606,"marks":14607,"value":14608,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform stops browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking — ",{"data":14610,"content":14611,"nodeType":878},{"uri":152},[14612],{"data":14613,"marks":14614,"value":14615,"nodeType":867},{},[],"modern attack techniques",{"data":14617,"marks":14618,"value":14619,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that are the leading cause of breaches today.",{"data":14621,"content":14622,"nodeType":883},{},[14623],{"data":14624,"marks":14625,"value":14626,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either. You can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":14628,"content":14629,"nodeType":883},{},[14630,14634,14642,14646,14654,14658,14665],{"data":14631,"marks":14632,"value":14633,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Want to learn more about Push? Check out our latest ",{"data":14635,"content":14637,"nodeType":878},{"uri":14636},"/resources/product-brochure",[14638],{"data":14639,"marks":14640,"value":14641,"nodeType":867},{},[],"product overview",{"data":14643,"marks":14644,"value":14645,"nodeType":867},{},[],", visit our ",{"data":14647,"content":14649,"nodeType":878},{"uri":14648},"/product-demo/",[14650],{"data":14651,"marks":14652,"value":14653,"nodeType":867},{},[],"demo library",{"data":14655,"marks":14656,"value":14657,"nodeType":867},{},[],", or book some time with one of our team for a ",{"data":14659,"content":14661,"nodeType":878},{"uri":14660},"/demo",[14662],{"data":14663,"marks":14664,"value":2516,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":14666,"marks":14667,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Guide: How to use Push controls to protect your users from modern browser threats","How to use in-browser controls to stop browser-based attacks before compromise can occur","2026-04-08T00:00:00.000Z","guide-how-to-use-push-controls-to-protect-your-users-from-modern-attacks",{"items":14673},[14674,14676],{"sys":14675,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":14677,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":14679},[14680],{"fullName":14681,"firstName":14682,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":14684},"Kelly Davenport","Kelly","Product Team",{"url":14685},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1hi8bEuVfn5sF57LivAq6d/9a3b82426c697d765e2e450e33a18424/kelly_profile_pic.jpeg","unpacking-the-vercel-breach","blog/unpacking-the-vercel-breach",{"json":14689},{"data":14690,"content":14691,"nodeType":1569},{},[14692],{"data":14693,"content":14694,"nodeType":883},{},[14695],{"data":14696,"marks":14697,"value":14698,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In April 2026, Vercel was compromised via an OAuth app integrated into their Google Workspace tenant stemming from a compromised third-party AI SaaS provider. 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",[],{},"DCP IB 1",{"sys":17521,"__typename":1584,"title":17522,"caption":17522,"layoutMode":59,"file":17523},{"id":9582},"Device code phishing evolution 2019-2026.",{"url":17524,"width":17525,"height":17526},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7dPjgH1qTrpBIdqE0D4D0g/8d0bcaea877a9fcd325b272890d8dc63/device_code_phishing_4col_timeline_1.png",1360,1160,{"sys":17528,"__typename":1636,"content":17529,"name":17540,"title":59},{"id":9692},{"json":17530},{"nodeType":1569,"data":17531,"content":17532},{},[17533],{"nodeType":883,"data":17534,"content":17535},{},[17536],{"nodeType":867,"value":17537,"marks":17538,"data":17539},"PhaaS is key to the adoption of new phishing tools and techniques, providing broad access to criminal operators at scale while driving up execution standards. It has been central to the continued evolution of AITM and ClickFix, and is a strong indicator of what comes next for device code phishing.",[],{},"DCP IB 2",{"sys":17542,"__typename":1636,"content":17543,"name":17581,"title":59},{"id":9819},{"json":17544},{"data":17545,"content":17546,"nodeType":1569},{},[17547],{"data":17548,"content":17549,"nodeType":883},{},[17550,17554,17561,17565,17569,17577],{"data":17551,"marks":17552,"value":17553,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We're seeing a clear trend of existing PhaaS kits adding device code phishing functionality. Tycoon2FA, the category leader for criminal AITM phishing capabilities, has recently",{"data":17555,"content":17556,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2036},[17557],{"data":17558,"marks":17559,"value":17560,"nodeType":867},{},[]," adopted device code phishing ",{"data":17562,"marks":17563,"value":17564,"nodeType":867},{},[],"alongside its established AiTM functionality (we've provided some examples below), while t",{"data":17566,"marks":17567,"value":17568,"nodeType":867},{},[],"he ",{"data":17570,"content":17572,"nodeType":878},{"uri":17571},"https://abnormal.ai/blog/venom-phishing-campaign-mfa-credential-theft",[17573],{"data":17574,"marks":17575,"value":11654,"nodeType":867},{},[17576],{"type":876},{"data":17578,"marks":17579,"value":17580,"nodeType":867},{},[]," kit that offers device code phishing capabilities that appear visually and functionally similar to EvilTokens has an AITM component that matches our detections for Sneaky2FA, indicating a possible overlap in tooling.","DCP IB12",{"sys":17583,"__typename":1636,"content":17584,"name":17595,"title":59},{"id":9843},{"json":17585},{"nodeType":1569,"data":17586,"content":17587},{},[17588],{"nodeType":883,"data":17589,"content":17590},{},[17591],{"nodeType":867,"value":17592,"marks":17593,"data":17594},"Many of the names provided are internal codenames. The information per kit is by no means exhaustive and is likely to evolve over time. ",[],{},"DCP IP 7",{"sys":17597,"__typename":1636,"content":17598,"name":17623,"title":59},{"id":9901},{"json":17599},{"nodeType":1569,"data":17600,"content":17601},{},[17602,17609,17616],{"nodeType":883,"data":17603,"content":17604},{},[17605],{"nodeType":867,"value":17606,"marks":17607,"data":17608},"Our codename for EvilTokens internally was derived from the overly descriptive page code describing its bot protection capabilities (a clear sign of vibe coding — thanks Claude!):",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":17610,"content":17611},{},[17612],{"nodeType":867,"value":17613,"marks":17614,"data":17615},"\u003C!-- FIXED ANTI-BOT SYSTEM - WON'T REDIRECT REAL USERS -->",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":17617,"content":17618},{},[17619],{"nodeType":867,"value":17620,"marks":17621,"data":17622},"\u003C!-- ENHANCED ANTI-BOT SYSTEM WITH SERVER-SIDE VALIDATION -->",[],{},"DCP IB3",{"sys":17625,"__typename":1584,"title":17626,"caption":17626,"layoutMode":59,"file":17627},{"id":9954},"Precursor A (Left) & B (Right): Different visual lures from January 2026. ",{"url":17628,"width":1602,"height":17629},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3pfFR7ICQQqOyhGAFAj67C/6f8873d82cc7f5233a0ca9baa74f7585/image15.png",773,{"sys":17631,"__typename":1584,"title":17632,"caption":17633,"layoutMode":59,"file":17634},{"id":9960},"Early ANTIBOT: First appearance of the ANTIBOT comments, mid-Jan.","Early ANTIBOT: First appearance of the ANTIBOT comments, late-Jan.",{"url":17635,"width":1602,"height":17636},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/VAdFlnCF4YftsOV02wnwu/8813ea3957b65ddfb84bb8ba5fb25a55/image6.png",564,{"sys":17638,"__typename":6169,"title":17639,"arcadeDemoUrl":17640,"playText":17641},{"id":9966},"Early ANTIBOT page load","https://demo.arcade.software/wRcvXg62Lok57ZjOKgJI?embed","20 secs",{"sys":17643,"__typename":1584,"title":17644,"caption":17644,"layoutMode":59,"file":17645},{"id":9972},"\"Courts Access\" lure with a similar security verification to Early ANTIBOT.",{"url":17646,"width":17647,"height":17648},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7LEJpoif8dnub4qJw2z6kL/3b15161c9d3f2e4f7d4f323ec04f1f33/Group_687.png",3103,1200,{"sys":17650,"__typename":6169,"title":17651,"arcadeDemoUrl":17652,"playText":17653},{"id":9978},"ANTIBOT \"Courts Access\" lure","https://demo.arcade.software/8b4YuKm1EXPmgx2q7q2D?embed","2 mins",{"sys":17655,"__typename":1584,"title":17656,"caption":17656,"layoutMode":59,"file":17657},{"id":9984},"Production ANTIBOT: Current EvilTokens implementation.",{"url":17658,"width":1602,"height":17659},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1J3fOSmUPF8f3FlcwYFoGe/5eff8c1a892f870d1488d6a0f38da03c/image12.png",591,{"sys":17661,"__typename":6169,"title":9683,"arcadeDemoUrl":17662,"playText":17641},{"id":9990},"https://demo.arcade.software/zB6dqehj1lbnB2dur9lB?embed",{"sys":17664,"__typename":1584,"title":17665,"caption":17665,"layoutMode":59,"file":17666},{"id":10411},"SHAREFILE kit.",{"url":17667,"width":1602,"height":17668},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1iKelffs399PIIBedgnqmu/64a40d1ad7f69f966665f44c52e0817b/image1.png",1500,{"sys":17670,"__typename":6169,"title":17671,"arcadeDemoUrl":17672,"playText":17673},{"id":10602},"Kali365 / Clure Demo","https://demo.arcade.software/dwwFeSKGldZvTrYZDtZV?embed","30 secs",{"sys":17675,"__typename":1584,"title":17676,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":17677},{"id":10766},"LINKID landing page requires an email before serving the payload.",{"url":17678,"width":1602,"height":17679},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5XAibmWt8HDGbpOC9n1DEk/d4bcb1006d82116dff5865f5b911bc88/image9.png",1049,{"sys":17681,"__typename":1636,"content":17682,"name":17713,"title":59},{"id":10783},{"json":17683},{"nodeType":1569,"data":17684,"content":17685},{},[17686],{"nodeType":883,"data":17687,"content":17688},{},[17689,17693,17698,17702,17710],{"nodeType":867,"value":17690,"marks":17691,"data":17692},"AUTHOV was recently attributed to ",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17694,"marks":17695,"data":17697},"Device Code Lab",[17696],{"type":910},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17699,"marks":17700,"data":17701},", a professional grade, device code phishing platform, with numerous defense evasion and post-exploitation features, designed to interoperate with other phishing platforms. You can ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":17703,"content":17705},{"uri":17704},"https://newtonpaul.com/blog/device-code-lab-post-exploit/",[17706],{"nodeType":867,"value":17707,"marks":17708,"data":17709},"read Paul Newton's write-up here",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":3739,"marks":17711,"data":17712},[],{},"dcp ib14",{"sys":17715,"__typename":1584,"title":17716,"caption":17716,"layoutMode":59,"file":17717},{"id":10930},"AUTHOV kit. Notably uses a popup like prod EvilTokens.",{"url":17718,"width":1602,"height":17719},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4wKaHuSRfMXvi056r88u0b/e77feca260fe5ceb07ea7a080a09148f/image8.png",1128,{"sys":17721,"__typename":1584,"title":17722,"caption":17723,"layoutMode":59,"file":17724},{"id":10936},"Device code lab portal","Device Code Lab portal login page. Credit: Paul Newton",{"url":17725,"width":9316,"height":17726},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3qgmWJFz6hDUSEu2TcUWWU/9df13412c9ddb216020ae7a5fe476b5d/portal.png",787,{"sys":17728,"__typename":6169,"title":17729,"arcadeDemoUrl":17730,"playText":17641},{"id":11100},"DOCUPOLL DCP Kit","https://demo.arcade.software/Wv84a7Vziha9RwTdctvg?embed",{"sys":17732,"__typename":1584,"title":17733,"caption":17733,"layoutMode":59,"file":17734},{"id":11263},"FLOW_TOKEN kit. Notably uses a popup like prod EvilTokens.",{"url":17735,"width":1602,"height":17719},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4Bvbx5dwwBTOvAzULbnhIF/2d676145af0648b1e6f43b624af3ffbc/image7.png",{"sys":17737,"__typename":1584,"title":17738,"caption":17738,"layoutMode":59,"file":17739},{"id":11375},"PAPRIKA kit.",{"url":17740,"width":1602,"height":17741},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2XqwbTyGXRBaH6OM0t9moI/107cd701784fe8eed96eea2b9c09731a/image5.png",727,{"sys":17743,"__typename":1584,"title":17744,"caption":17744,"layoutMode":59,"file":17745},{"id":11486},"DCSTATUS kit. ",{"url":17746,"width":1602,"height":17668},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1zKQp6Wi0ckDZMLHBriU2Y/7d1c7c348407dcbde2eb94551baca7f5/image14.png",{"sys":17748,"__typename":1636,"content":17749,"name":17760,"title":59},{"id":11503},{"json":17750},{"data":17751,"content":17752,"nodeType":1569},{},[17753],{"data":17754,"content":17755,"nodeType":883},{},[17756],{"data":17757,"marks":17758,"value":17759,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Our suspicion is that this was a one-off — potentially for a red team exercise — rather than representative of a more widely used kit.","DCP IB 4",{"sys":17762,"__typename":1584,"title":17763,"caption":17763,"layoutMode":59,"file":17764},{"id":11642},"DOLCE kit.",{"url":17765,"width":1602,"height":17766},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6iUfj8vMymi2c7lZxj006n/88b8066e6bea9fa7a81bd6b546264796/image16.png",728,{"sys":17768,"__typename":1584,"title":17769,"caption":17770,"layoutMode":59,"file":17771},{"id":11708},"Venom Device Code Phishing Screenshots","Examples of the Venom platform impersonating brands like YPO, FedEx and DHL.",{"url":17772,"width":17773,"height":17774},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2NThjmQSR5XFdnKEQKXfnd/237318895da6f558cc03b2915217afea/Venom_Device_Code_Phishing__1_.png",13114,3310,{"sys":17776,"__typename":6169,"title":17777,"arcadeDemoUrl":17778,"playText":17673},{"id":3664},"Tycoon2FA Device Code Phishing","https://demo.arcade.software/SPNMxNkoyY5vTMPPlqWS?embed",{"sys":17780,"__typename":1636,"content":17781,"name":17792,"title":59},{"id":12012},{"json":17782},{"nodeType":1569,"data":17783,"content":17784},{},[17785],{"nodeType":883,"data":17786,"content":17787},{},[17788],{"nodeType":867,"value":17789,"marks":17790,"data":17791},"Clearly, device code phishing has entered mainstream adoption and we should be prepared for a lot more of it in future. So how does it work, and why is it so effective?",[],{},"DCP IB13",{"sys":17794,"__typename":1636,"content":17795,"name":17851,"title":59},{"id":12048},{"json":17796},{"nodeType":1569,"data":17797,"content":17798},{},[17799,17835],{"nodeType":883,"data":17800,"content":17801},{},[17802,17806,17813,17817,17822,17826,17831],{"nodeType":867,"value":17803,"marks":17804,"data":17805},"When targeting Microsoft environments, attackers can use the ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":17807,"content":17808},{"uri":9619},[17809],{"nodeType":867,"value":17810,"marks":17811,"data":17812},"PRT escalation technique",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17814,"marks":17815,"data":17816}," I mentioned in earlier research to get seamless SSO across ",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17818,"marks":17819,"data":17821},"all",[17820],{"type":2278},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17823,"marks":17824,"data":17825}," Entra ID-connected applications and web services. This requires that you specifically target the ",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17827,"marks":17828,"data":17830},"Microsoft Authentication Broker",[17829],{"type":910},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17832,"marks":17833,"data":17834}," application, chained into a new device registration in the victim's environment. This is the method that Storm-2372 was leveraging in 2025. ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":17836,"content":17837},{},[17838,17842,17847],{"nodeType":867,"value":17839,"marks":17840,"data":17841},"But even without this step, many Microsoft first-party apps also belong to the ",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17843,"marks":17844,"data":17846},"Family of Client IDs (FOCI)",[17845],{"type":910},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17848,"marks":17849,"data":17850},", meaning a refresh token obtained for one family member can be exchanged for access tokens to other family members without re-authentication. In practice, this means an attacker who phishes a token via e.g. the Microsoft Office client ID, can silently pivot to access Outlook, Teams, OneDrive, SharePoint, and Azure Management APIs — all from a single phished session. ",[],{},"DCP IB 8",{"sys":17853,"__typename":1584,"title":17854,"caption":17854,"layoutMode":59,"file":17855},{"id":12054},"Device code phishing attack chain.",{"url":17856,"width":1602,"height":17857},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/60e9ErrL8tp3xtoer4gNUl/83899c207f61fdd9ff8aad0e1001030d/image2.png",1275,{"sys":17859,"__typename":1636,"content":17860,"name":17871,"title":59},{"id":12104},{"json":17861},{"nodeType":1569,"data":17862,"content":17863},{},[17864],{"nodeType":883,"data":17865,"content":17866},{},[17867],{"nodeType":867,"value":17868,"marks":17869,"data":17870},"One of the key limitations of early device code phishing was that the code was being sent directly over email (as in the Russia-linked campaigns in 2024-5). This meant that the code would expire unless used immediately, requiring highly engaged social engineering to pull off. To get around this, modern device code phishing pages are continuously polling for fresh codes via API. This arguably makes them more discoverable than simply providing the code and instructions in a direct message, but is way more scalable for the attacker. ",[],{},"DCP IB 5",{"sys":17873,"__typename":1636,"content":17874,"name":17931,"title":59},{"id":12284},{"json":17875},{"nodeType":1569,"data":17876,"content":17877},{},[17878,17915],{"nodeType":883,"data":17879,"content":17880},{},[17881,17886,17890,17900,17904,17911],{"nodeType":867,"value":17882,"marks":17883,"data":17885},"First-party applications",[17884],{"type":910},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17887,"marks":17888,"data":17889}," are commonly abused in Microsoft-targeted attacks. These are ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":17891,"content":17893},{"uri":17892},"https://gist.github.com/dafthack/2c0bbcac72b10c1ee205d1dd2fed3fe7",[17894],{"nodeType":867,"value":17895,"marks":17896,"data":17899},"real Microsoft applications",[17897,17898],{"type":876},{"type":910},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17901,"marks":17902,"data":17903}," registered in every Entra ID tenant. Not only are they allowed by default (unlike third-party apps that are often subject to additional restrictions and require additional tenant-level consent before they can be accessed by a user), they come with pre-consented permissions, and can even access undocumented “legacy” scopes that aren't logged by default (exploited in the Russia-linked ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":17905,"content":17906},{"uri":1963},[17907],{"nodeType":867,"value":1968,"marks":17908,"data":17910},[17909],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17912,"marks":17913,"data":17914}," campaign reported by Push researchers). ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":17916,"content":17917},{},[17918,17922,17927],{"nodeType":867,"value":17919,"marks":17920,"data":17921},"In other cases, such as when targeting GitHub or Salesforce, ",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17923,"marks":17924,"data":17926},"third-party applications",[17925],{"type":910},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":17928,"marks":17929,"data":17930}," are often leveraged. These aren't necessarily fresh, attacker-created apps — they can be attacker-controlled instances of otherwise legitimate applications. That said, it is easier than ever for attackers to spin up their own OAuth apps, particularly using AI tools. The trade-off is that the victim has to consent to the app from the tenant level before also granting access to their account, introducing more friction to the process, and potentially running into additional security controls and restrictions depending on tenant configuration. 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“ConsentFix” — a new kind of phishing attack",{"data":18814,"content":18815,"nodeType":883},{},[18816],{"data":18817,"marks":18818,"value":18819,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Push browser agent recently detected and blocked a new attack technique seen targeting several Push customers. ",{"data":18821,"content":18822,"nodeType":883},{},[18823],{"data":18824,"marks":18825,"value":18826,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a new kind of browser-based attack technique that takes over user accounts with a simple copy and paste. If you’re already logged into the app in your browser, you don’t even need to supply creds, or pass an MFA check — meaning it effectively circumvents phishing-resistant auth like passkeys too.",{"data":18828,"content":18829,"nodeType":883},{},[18830],{"data":18831,"marks":18832,"value":18833,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is so different from the AiTM phish kits we usually come up against that we felt it deserved a new name. ",{"data":18835,"content":18836,"nodeType":883},{},[18837,18842],{"data":18838,"marks":18839,"value":18841,"nodeType":867},{},[18840],{"type":910},"Enter: ConsentFix. ",{"data":18843,"marks":18844,"value":18845,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This attack shares a lot of similarities with ClickFix/FileFix, AiTM phishing, and OAuth Consent Phishing. You can think of this as a browser-native ClickFix attack that phishes an OAuth token on a target app by getting the victim to copy and paste a URL containing OAuth key material into a phishing page. ",{"data":18847,"content":18848,"nodeType":883},{},[18849],{"data":18850,"marks":18851,"value":18852,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The campaign we detected looks to be specifically targeting Microsoft accounts by abusing the Azure CLI OAuth app. Essentially, the attacker tricks the victim into logging into Azure CLI, by generating an OAuth authorization code — visible in a localhost URL — and then pasting that URL (including the code) into an attacker-controlled page. This then creates an OAuth connection between the victim’s Microsoft account and the attacker’s Azure CLI instance. ",{"data":18854,"content":18858,"nodeType":892},{"target":18855},{"sys":18856},{"id":18857,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5GTnqWIbmraz8HZeHMybrP",[],{"data":18860,"content":18864,"nodeType":892},{"target":18861},{"sys":18862},{"id":18863,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1lcjX5q3b1bsuhyOXKvJpW",[],{"data":18866,"content":18867,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":18869,"content":18870,"nodeType":912},{},[18871],{"data":18872,"marks":18873,"value":18875,"nodeType":867},{},[18874],{"type":910},"How ConsentFix works",{"data":18877,"content":18878,"nodeType":883},{},[18879],{"data":18880,"marks":18881,"value":18882,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In all of the examples we saw, the victim accessed a malicious or compromised webpage via Google Search. The vast majority of the sites we’ve seen associated with the campaign are legitimate, compromised websites with high domain reputation that are easily findable via search engines.",{"data":18884,"content":18885,"nodeType":883},{},[18886],{"data":18887,"marks":18888,"value":18889,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker had injected a fake Cloudflare Turnstile into the compromised websites, requiring an email address to be supplied in order to proceed. ",{"data":18891,"content":18895,"nodeType":892},{"target":18892},{"sys":18893},{"id":18894,"type":889,"linkType":890},"39jEjeLqOYIkGc4o9w3MuX",[],{"data":18897,"content":18898,"nodeType":883},{},[18899,18903,18912],{"data":18900,"marks":18901,"value":18902,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This acted as a form of ",{"data":18904,"content":18906,"nodeType":878},{"uri":18905},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/conditional-loading/",[18907],{"data":18908,"marks":18909,"value":18911,"nodeType":867},{},[18910],{"type":876},"conditional loading",{"data":18913,"marks":18914,"value":18915,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that would only continue if a valid email address and domain was supplied, designed to prevent the page from being analyzed by security bots, analysts, and low-value accounts that run the risk of exposing the campaign before the intended recipient(s) can be phished. ",{"data":18917,"content":18918,"nodeType":883},{},[18919],{"data":18920,"marks":18921,"value":18922,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If a domain not on the target list was provided, the victim was passed back to the original website and the attack did not progress to the next stage. Further, once the check has concluded per IP, the phishing page will no longer activate, even a different email is provided.  ",{"data":18924,"content":18928,"nodeType":892},{"target":18925},{"sys":18926},{"id":18927,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7ttmGnTzi9j87tBXfyFcOA",[],{"data":18930,"content":18931,"nodeType":883},{},[18932],{"data":18933,"marks":18934,"value":18935,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After entering an approved email address, the next stage was loaded, prompting the victim to complete a set of instructions on the page to continue.",{"data":18937,"content":18941,"nodeType":892},{"target":18938},{"sys":18939},{"id":18940,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2oHYNoMgAz6MdgLlcWjbaB",[],{"data":18943,"content":18944,"nodeType":883},{},[18945],{"data":18946,"marks":18947,"value":18948,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To complete the attack, the victim must:",{"data":18950,"content":18951,"nodeType":1526},{},[18952,18962,18972,18982],{"data":18953,"content":18954,"nodeType":1505},{},[18955],{"data":18956,"content":18957,"nodeType":883},{},[18958],{"data":18959,"marks":18960,"value":18961,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Click the “Sign In” button. This opens a new tab that loads a legitimate Microsoft URL associated with the user account/email used to access the page.",{"data":18963,"content":18964,"nodeType":1505},{},[18965],{"data":18966,"content":18967,"nodeType":883},{},[18968],{"data":18969,"marks":18970,"value":18971,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If the user is already logged into Microsoft in their browser, they simply need to select their MS account from the dropdown. Otherwise, they will be required to login via the legitimate Microsoft login URL (no phishing takes place at this stage). ",{"data":18973,"content":18974,"nodeType":1505},{},[18975],{"data":18976,"content":18977,"nodeType":883},{},[18978],{"data":18979,"marks":18980,"value":18981,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once logged into legit Microsoft or the account is selected from the dropdown, the user is redirected to localhost, which generates a URL containing a code associated with the user’s Microsoft account. ",{"data":18983,"content":18984,"nodeType":1505},{},[18985],{"data":18986,"content":18987,"nodeType":883},{},[18988],{"data":18989,"marks":18990,"value":18991,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To complete the phish, the victim copies the URL and pastes it onto the original page. ",{"data":18993,"content":18997,"nodeType":892},{"target":18994},{"sys":18995},{"id":18996,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7zendMbmCViGwtEpUQvq6y",[],{"data":18999,"content":19003,"nodeType":892},{"target":19000},{"sys":19001},{"id":19002,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1eZOs7hXi9FzCE92QEP6xh",[],{"data":19005,"content":19006,"nodeType":883},{},[19007],{"data":19008,"marks":19009,"value":19010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once the steps are completed, the victim has granted the attacker access to their Microsoft account via Azure CLI. ",{"data":19012,"content":19013,"nodeType":883},{},[19014],{"data":19015,"marks":19016,"value":19017,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At this point, the attacker has effective control of the victim’s Microsoft account, but without ever needing to phish a password, or pass an MFA check. In fact, if the user was already logged in to their Microsoft account (i.e. they had an active session) no login is required at all. ",{"data":19019,"content":19020,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":19022,"content":19023,"nodeType":912},{},[19024],{"data":19025,"marks":19026,"value":19028,"nodeType":867},{},[19027],{"type":910},"The next evolution of ClickFix?",{"data":19030,"content":19031,"nodeType":883},{},[19032,19036,19045],{"data":19033,"marks":19034,"value":19035,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we presented ",{"data":19037,"content":19039,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19038},"https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/clickfix",[19040],{"data":19041,"marks":19042,"value":19044,"nodeType":867},{},[19043],{"type":876},"our last webinar on ClickFix",{"data":19046,"marks":19047,"value":19048,"nodeType":867},{},[],", we predicted that the next evolution of the attack would happen entirely within the browser context. This is because any attack that touches the endpoint (a traditionally much better protected surface) is way more likely to be detected. And with many ClickFix attacks being used to deliver infostealer malware, these attacks are really trying to get back into the browser anyway — to steal credentials and sessions stored there. ",{"data":19050,"content":19051,"nodeType":883},{},[19052],{"data":19053,"marks":19054,"value":19055,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the page — if you follow Push research, you might be getting déjà vu. ",{"data":19057,"content":19061,"nodeType":892},{"target":19058},{"sys":19059},{"id":19060,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1vMZCJ92IxFdR1EzzCOOvb",[],{"data":19063,"content":19064,"nodeType":883},{},[19065,19069,19077],{"data":19066,"marks":19067,"value":19068,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve seen this kind of embedded video player before (albeit a slicker looking one) that we blogged about as ",{"data":19070,"content":19071,"nodeType":878},{"uri":13621},[19072],{"data":19073,"marks":19074,"value":19076,"nodeType":867},{},[19075],{"type":876},"the most advanced ClickFix we’d seen",{"data":19078,"marks":19079,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":19081,"content":19085,"nodeType":892},{"target":19082},{"sys":19083},{"id":19084,"type":889,"linkType":890},"ID7VKJNOZk729P5zBOBjZ",[],{"data":19087,"content":19088,"nodeType":883},{},[19089,19093,19101],{"data":19090,"marks":19091,"value":19092,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another similarity with ClickFix campaigns we’ve investigated is the use of Google Search as a delivery vector. 4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push came via Google Search, with attackers using ",{"data":19094,"content":19096,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19095},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/malvertising/",[19097],{"data":19098,"marks":19099,"value":441,"nodeType":867},{},[19100],{"type":876},{"data":19102,"marks":19103,"value":19104,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and either compromised or custom vibe-coded websites to intercept users as they browse the internet. ",{"data":19106,"content":19107,"nodeType":883},{},[19108],{"data":19109,"marks":19110,"value":19111,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So it seems highly likely that this is a kind of browser-native evolution of ClickFix that shares many elements with typical ClickFix attacks, and is probably used by the same groups of attackers.",{"data":19113,"content":19114,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":19116,"content":19117,"nodeType":912},{},[19118],{"data":19119,"marks":19120,"value":19122,"nodeType":867},{},[19121],{"type":910},"OAuth shenanigans via Azure CLI",{"data":19124,"content":19125,"nodeType":883},{},[19126],{"data":19127,"marks":19128,"value":19129,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The clever use of Azure CLI and OAuth consent abuse is another clever iteration on previous techniques. ",{"data":19131,"content":19132,"nodeType":883},{},[19133,19137,19146,19149,19157,19161,19170],{"data":19134,"marks":19135,"value":19136,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve previously seen ",{"data":19138,"content":19140,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19139},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/consent-phishing/",[19141],{"data":19142,"marks":19143,"value":19145,"nodeType":867},{},[19144],{"type":876},"consent phishing",{"data":19147,"marks":19148,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":19150,"content":19152,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19151},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/device-code-phishing/",[19153],{"data":19154,"marks":19155,"value":6443,"nodeType":867},{},[19156],{"type":876},{"data":19158,"marks":19159,"value":19160,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks where attackers have tricked victims into connecting malicious external apps into their tenant via OAuth, but this is becoming increasingly difficult in core enterprise cloud environments like Azure due to ",{"data":19162,"content":19164,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19163},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/admin/misc/user-consent?view=o365-worldwide",[19165],{"data":19166,"marks":19167,"value":19169,"nodeType":867},{},[19168],{"type":876},"stricter default configs",{"data":19171,"marks":19172,"value":19173,"nodeType":867},{},[],". However, since Azure CLI is a first-party Microsoft app, it is implicitly trusted in Entra ID, and is excluded from these restrictions. ",{"data":19175,"content":19176,"nodeType":883},{},[19177,19181],{"data":19178,"marks":19179,"value":19180,"nodeType":867},{},[],"First-party apps like Azure CLI are trusted by default in all tenants, allowed to request permissions without admin approval, and cannot be deleted or blocked. They can also be granted special permissions, such as tenant-wide service permissions (without needing admin approval), use of legacy or undocumented graph scopes, internal scopes for Microsoft client operations, and permissions for Office/Entra admin functions. ",{"data":19182,"marks":19183,"value":19185,"nodeType":867},{},[19184],{"type":910},"This makes Azure CLI a prime target for attackers, and significantly more exploitable than when connecting a third-party app. ",{"data":19187,"content":19188,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":19190,"content":19191,"nodeType":912},{},[19192],{"data":19193,"marks":19194,"value":19196,"nodeType":867},{},[19195],{"type":910},"Advanced detection evasion techniques",{"data":19198,"content":19199,"nodeType":883},{},[19200,19204,19210],{"data":19201,"marks":19202,"value":19203,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This campaign features some of the most advanced ",{"data":19205,"content":19206,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3066},[19207],{"data":19208,"marks":19209,"value":9945,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":19211,"marks":19212,"value":19213,"nodeType":867},{},[]," we've seen in the wild. ",{"data":19215,"content":19216,"nodeType":883},{},[19217],{"data":19218,"marks":19219,"value":19220,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As well as the use of Google Search to deliver the lure, and bot protection to prevent security tools from analyzing the page, there were multiple layers of anti-analysis techniques to navigate.",{"data":19222,"content":19223,"nodeType":883},{},[19224,19228,19233],{"data":19225,"marks":19226,"value":19227,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We already mentioned the use of selective targeting based on email addresses and domain names. But all sites involved in the campaign also have synchronized IP blocking — meaning if you visit one site and are served one of the associated phishing pages, the phish will never be served again, ",{"data":19229,"marks":19230,"value":19232,"nodeType":867},{},[19231],{"type":910},"across any of the sites linked to the campaign",{"data":19234,"marks":19235,"value":19236,"nodeType":867},{},[],". When you visit any of the sites again, the phish won't trigger, and it can be browsed as normal. ",{"data":19238,"content":19239,"nodeType":883},{},[19240],{"data":19241,"marks":19242,"value":19243,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the backend, there are multiple checks based on your IP and identifiers unique to your session. Unless all of the conditions are met, certain JavaScript packages won't be served — preventing full inspection of the page to detect malicious elements. ",{"data":19245,"content":19246,"nodeType":883},{},[19247],{"data":19248,"marks":19249,"value":19250,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If the conditions aren't met, the page may not load the Cloudflare Turnstile check at all, or will redirect you back to the site to continue browsing as normal.",{"data":19252,"content":19256,"nodeType":892},{"target":19253},{"sys":19254},{"id":19255,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5v0zDoscA6pYLBfkXrNtIH",[],{"data":19258,"content":19259,"nodeType":883},{},[19260],{"data":19261,"marks":19262,"value":19263,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All of these make it incredibly hard to detect and block these attacks ahead of time when relying on URL-based checks and traffic analysis.",{"data":19265,"content":19266,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":19268,"content":19269,"nodeType":912},{},[19270],{"data":19271,"marks":19272,"value":19274,"nodeType":867},{},[19273],{"type":910},"Key takeaways",{"data":19276,"content":19277,"nodeType":883},{},[19278],{"data":19279,"marks":19280,"value":19281,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix is a dangerous evolution of ClickFix and consent phishing that is incredibly hard for traditional security tools to detect and block, as:",{"data":19283,"content":19284,"nodeType":1526},{},[19285,19295,19305,19315,19325],{"data":19286,"content":19287,"nodeType":1505},{},[19288],{"data":19289,"content":19290,"nodeType":883},{},[19291],{"data":19292,"marks":19293,"value":19294,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attack happens entirely inside the browser context, removing one of the key detection opportunities for ClickFix (because it doesn’t touch the endpoint).",{"data":19296,"content":19297,"nodeType":1505},{},[19298],{"data":19299,"content":19300,"nodeType":883},{},[19301],{"data":19302,"marks":19303,"value":19304,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Delivering the lure via a Google Search watering hole attack completely circumvents email-based anti-phishing controls.",{"data":19306,"content":19307,"nodeType":1505},{},[19308],{"data":19309,"content":19310,"nodeType":883},{},[19311],{"data":19312,"marks":19313,"value":19314,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Targeting a first-party app like Azure CLI means that many of the mitigating controls available for third-party app integrations do not apply — making this attack way harder to prevent.",{"data":19316,"content":19317,"nodeType":1505},{},[19318],{"data":19319,"content":19320,"nodeType":883},{},[19321],{"data":19322,"marks":19323,"value":19324,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because there’s no login required, phishing-resistant authentication controls like passkeys have no impact on this attack. ",{"data":19326,"content":19327,"nodeType":1505},{},[19328],{"data":19329,"content":19330,"nodeType":883},{},[19331],{"data":19332,"marks":19333,"value":19334,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The use of advanced detection evasion techniques makes this attack difficult to investigate, meaning these attacks are going undetected. ",{"data":19336,"content":19337,"nodeType":883},{},[19338],{"data":19339,"marks":19340,"value":19341,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re sure to see more examples of ConsentFix in future. We’ll be monitoring to see how attackers adapt in terms of integrating these capabilities with common as-a-Service offerings to make them more widespread, and whether the scope extends further beyond Microsoft / Azure CLI targets in the future to target other enterprise cloud ecosystems. ",{"data":19343,"content":19344,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":19346,"content":19347,"nodeType":912},{},[19348],{"data":19349,"marks":19350,"value":19352,"nodeType":867},{},[19351],{"type":910},"Recommendations",{"data":19354,"content":19358,"nodeType":892},{"target":19355},{"sys":19356},{"id":19357,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3aBCwdB2aNnLRxRN5RrshC",[],{"data":19360,"content":19361,"nodeType":883},{},[19362],{"data":19363,"marks":19364,"value":19365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the backend, exploitation of this attack will lead to login events being observed to the Microsoft Azure CLI app. It’s likely that any legitimate use of this will most likely be limited to system administrators and possibly developers. Therefore, logins outside of these groups will be inherently more suspicious.",{"data":19367,"content":19368,"nodeType":883},{},[19369],{"data":19370,"marks":19371,"value":19372,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Additionally, it’s possible that aspects of the logins themselves will be different between legitimate Azure CLI use and exploitation of this attack. For example, see the following logs from a lab environment. The login events with an application of  “Microsoft Azure CLI” and a resource of “Azure Resource Manager” was legitimate use of the Azure CLI using the powershell CLI framework. Conversely, the login event with the Resource of “Windows Azure Active Directory” was produced by logging in using the method used by the phishing kit.",{"data":19374,"content":19378,"nodeType":892},{"target":19375},{"sys":19376},{"id":19377,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6ie0nkk6XbgwidfwmiGwL4",[],{"data":19380,"content":19381,"nodeType":883},{},[19382],{"data":19383,"marks":19384,"value":19385,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is no guarantee this can be used to differentiate between legitimate and malicious examples, but it’s another data point to consider. If searching logs you may wish to use the respective GUIDs for these:",{"data":19387,"content":19388,"nodeType":1526},{},[19389,19404],{"data":19390,"content":19391,"nodeType":1505},{},[19392],{"data":19393,"content":19394,"nodeType":883},{},[19395,19400],{"data":19396,"marks":19397,"value":19399,"nodeType":867},{},[19398],{"type":910},"Application ID",{"data":19401,"marks":19402,"value":19403,"nodeType":867},{},[]," = 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46",{"data":19405,"content":19406,"nodeType":1505},{},[19407],{"data":19408,"content":19409,"nodeType":883},{},[19410,19415],{"data":19411,"marks":19412,"value":19414,"nodeType":867},{},[19413],{"type":910},"Resource ID",{"data":19416,"marks":19417,"value":19418,"nodeType":867},{},[]," = 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000",{"data":19420,"content":19421,"nodeType":883},{},[19422],{"data":19423,"marks":19424,"value":19425,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For interactive logins, like above, you cannot rely on looking for logins from suspicious IP addresses or locations. The login itself occurs from the victims browser directly to Microsoft, and so the IP addresses associated with these events will be the legitimate IP used by the target user, not by the threat actor. ",{"data":19427,"content":19428,"nodeType":883},{},[19429],{"data":19430,"marks":19431,"value":19432,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, for non-interactive logins and other audit logs for actions taken, you may be able to uncover unusual IP addresses that differ from the original interactive login. For example, here are some non-interactive logins that were observed immediately after compromise that came from different IP addresses in both the US and Indonesia.",{"data":19434,"content":19438,"nodeType":892},{"target":19435},{"sys":19436},{"id":19437,"type":889,"linkType":890},"TD3YeWqgGIWIWM8FRHU4o",[],{"data":19440,"content":19441,"nodeType":883},{},[19442],{"data":19443,"marks":19444,"value":19445,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Interestingly, they differ in which resources they accessed, with one accessing the Windows Azure Active Directory resource ID like the interactive login, but two others accessing the Microsoft Intune Checkin resource ID. ",{"data":19447,"content":19451,"nodeType":892},{"target":19448},{"sys":19449},{"id":19450,"type":889,"linkType":890},"57PqDQiAiwzqkspVpROQXb",[],{"data":19453,"content":19454,"nodeType":921},{},[19455],{"data":19456,"marks":19457,"value":1484,"nodeType":867},{},[19458],{"type":910},{"data":19460,"content":19461,"nodeType":883},{},[19462,19465,19472],{"data":19463,"marks":19464,"value":6021,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":19466,"content":19467,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3190},[19468],{"data":19469,"marks":19470,"value":3195,"nodeType":867},{},[19471],{"type":876},{"data":19473,"marks":19474,"value":19475,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in the attack chain, often dynamically serving different URLs to site visitors. ",{"data":19477,"content":19478,"nodeType":883},{},[19479],{"data":19480,"marks":19481,"value":19482,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That said, the domains used to deliver the final phishing payload were:",{"data":19484,"content":19485,"nodeType":1526},{},[19486,19496,19506],{"data":19487,"content":19488,"nodeType":1505},{},[19489],{"data":19490,"content":19491,"nodeType":883},{},[19492],{"data":19493,"marks":19494,"value":19495,"nodeType":867},{},[],"hxxps://trustpointassurance.com/",{"data":19497,"content":19498,"nodeType":1505},{},[19499],{"data":19500,"content":19501,"nodeType":883},{},[19502],{"data":19503,"marks":19504,"value":19505,"nodeType":867},{},[],"hxxps://fastwaycheck.com/",{"data":19507,"content":19508,"nodeType":1505},{},[19509],{"data":19510,"content":19511,"nodeType":883},{},[19512],{"data":19513,"marks":19514,"value":19515,"nodeType":867},{},[],"hxxps://previewcentral.com",{"data":19517,"content":19518,"nodeType":883},{},[19519],{"data":19520,"marks":19521,"value":19522,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In addition, we recommend hunting for connections from the following IPs in Azure logs:",{"data":19524,"content":19525,"nodeType":1526},{},[19526,19536,19546],{"data":19527,"content":19528,"nodeType":1505},{},[19529],{"data":19530,"content":19531,"nodeType":883},{},[19532],{"data":19533,"marks":19534,"value":19535,"nodeType":867},{},[],"12.75.216.90",{"data":19537,"content":19538,"nodeType":1505},{},[19539],{"data":19540,"content":19541,"nodeType":883},{},[19542],{"data":19543,"marks":19544,"value":19545,"nodeType":867},{},[],"182.3.36.223",{"data":19547,"content":19548,"nodeType":1505},{},[19549],{"data":19550,"content":19551,"nodeType":883},{},[19552],{"data":19553,"marks":19554,"value":19555,"nodeType":867},{},[],"12.75.116.137",{"data":19557,"content":19558,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":19560,"content":19561,"nodeType":912},{},[19562],{"data":19563,"marks":19564,"value":19566,"nodeType":867},{},[19565],{"type":910},"How Push stopped the attack",{"data":19568,"content":19569,"nodeType":883},{},[19570],{"data":19571,"marks":19572,"value":19573,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even though this was a brand new technique, Push intercepted this attack and shut it down before customers could interact with it. ",{"data":19575,"content":19579,"nodeType":892},{"target":19576},{"sys":19577},{"id":19578,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5YzpiQH974EYA5iPPZMXkV",[],{"data":19581,"content":19582,"nodeType":883},{},[19583,19587,19595],{"data":19584,"marks":19585,"value":19586,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push doesn’t detect the redirect tricks or rely on outdated domain TI feeds. The reason we detect these attacks (which make it through all the other layers of phishing protection) is that Push sees what your users see. It doesn’t matter what ",{"data":19588,"content":19589,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3066},[19590],{"data":19591,"marks":19592,"value":19594,"nodeType":867},{},[19593],{"type":876},"delivery channel or camouflage methods are used",{"data":19596,"marks":19597,"value":19598,"nodeType":867},{},[],", Push shuts the attack down in real time, as the user loads the malicious page in their web browser.",{"data":19600,"content":19601,"nodeType":883},{},[19602],{"data":19603,"marks":19604,"value":19605,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This isn’t all we do: Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":19607,"content":19608,"nodeType":883},{},[19609,19612,19619,19622,19629],{"data":19610,"marks":19611,"value":6838,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":19613,"content":19614,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[19615],{"data":19616,"marks":19617,"value":6847,"nodeType":867},{},[19618],{"type":876},{"data":19620,"marks":19621,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":19623,"content":19624,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[19625],{"data":19626,"marks":19627,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[19628],{"type":876},{"data":19630,"marks":19631,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":19633,"content":19637,"nodeType":892},{"target":19634},{"sys":19635},{"id":19636,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6QzB0BlVC5mstXwXHvy2c3",[],{"data":19639,"content":19640,"nodeType":883},{},[19641],{"data":19642,"marks":19643,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix: Analyzing a browser-native ClickFix-style attack that hijacks OAuth consent grants","Analyzing \"ConsentFix\", a new browser-native attack technique we've detected in the wild, combining OAuth consent phishing with a ClickFix-style user prompt. ","2025-12-11T00:00:00.000Z","consentfix",{"items":19649},[19650,19652],{"sys":19651,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":19653,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":19655},[19656],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":19657},{"url":855},{"__typename":1670,"sys":19659,"content":19661,"title":20268,"synopsis":20269,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":20270,"slug":20271,"tagsCollection":20272,"authorsCollection":20278},{"id":19660},"44DXq5ZkL9XQV5Fngto0XZ",{"json":19662},{"data":19663,"content":19664,"nodeType":1569},{},[19665,19682,19689,19696,19699,19707,19727,19746,19780,19786,19789,19797,19805,19812,19830,19837,19842,19848,19855,19862,19870,19877,19884,19890,19897,19917,19925,19932,19939,19959,19965,19985,19991,19998,20004,20007,20014,20021,20040,20047,20074,20081,20089,20092,20100,20107,20114,20120,20127,20172,20178,20185,20216,20221,20262],{"data":19666,"content":19667,"nodeType":883},{},[19668,19671,19678],{"data":19669,"marks":19670,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":19672,"content":19673,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2166},[19674],{"data":19675,"marks":19676,"value":2171,"nodeType":867},{},[19677],{"type":876},{"data":19679,"marks":19680,"value":19681,"nodeType":867},{},[]," are running a large-scale hybrid vishing plus AiTM phishing campaign across several industry verticals, targeting Okta, Entra, and Google SSO platforms. ",{"data":19683,"content":19684,"nodeType":883},{},[19685],{"data":19686,"marks":19687,"value":19688,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacks begin with the attacker calling their victim, impersonating IT staff from their company. They offer to help the employee set up passkeys for logging into the enterprise SSO service, tricking the victim into visiting a specially crafted adversary-in-the-middle phishing site that captures their SSO credentials, MFA codes, and ultimately live session access. ",{"data":19690,"content":19691,"nodeType":883},{},[19692],{"data":19693,"marks":19694,"value":19695,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once an account is stolen, the attacker logs in to the SSO dashboard to see which platforms they have access to and then proceeds to steal data from them — with the ultimate goal of extorting victims. ",{"data":19697,"content":19698,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":19700,"content":19701,"nodeType":912},{},[19702],{"data":19703,"marks":19704,"value":19706,"nodeType":867},{},[19705],{"type":910},"What we know",{"data":19708,"content":19709,"nodeType":883},{},[19710,19714,19723],{"data":19711,"marks":19712,"value":19713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To date, ",{"data":19715,"content":19717,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19716},"https://www.silentpush.com/blog/slsh-alert/",[19718],{"data":19719,"marks":19720,"value":19722,"nodeType":867},{},[19721],{"type":876},"100+ companies have been targeted",{"data":19724,"marks":19725,"value":19726,"nodeType":867},{},[],", with infrastructure and domains impersonating their brand to be used in legit-looking campaigns against them. The reality is that the list of targets could be more extensive, and will continue to increase over time. ",{"data":19728,"content":19729,"nodeType":883},{},[19730,19734,19742],{"data":19731,"marks":19732,"value":19733,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SLH ",{"data":19735,"content":19736,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7299},[19737],{"data":19738,"marks":19739,"value":19741,"nodeType":867},{},[19740],{"type":876},"claims to be using data stolen in previous breaches",{"data":19743,"marks":19744,"value":19745,"nodeType":867},{},[],", such as the widespread Salesforce data theft attacks reported in 2025, to identify and contact employees. This data includes phone numbers, job titles, names, and other details used to make the social engineering calls more convincing.",{"data":19747,"content":19748,"nodeType":883},{},[19749,19753,19758,19762,19767,19771,19776],{"data":19750,"marks":19751,"value":19752,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The group recently relaunched its Tor data leak site, which currently lists breaches at ",{"data":19754,"marks":19755,"value":19757,"nodeType":867},{},[19756],{"type":910},"Betterment",{"data":19759,"marks":19760,"value":19761,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (20 million records containing PII), ",{"data":19763,"marks":19764,"value":19766,"nodeType":867},{},[19765],{"type":910},"Crunchbase",{"data":19768,"marks":19769,"value":19770,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (2 million records containing PII), and ",{"data":19772,"marks":19773,"value":19775,"nodeType":867},{},[19774],{"type":910},"SoundCloud",{"data":19777,"marks":19778,"value":19779,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (30 million records containing PII). ",{"data":19781,"content":19785,"nodeType":892},{"target":19782},{"sys":19783},{"id":19784,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5scKHYJJleNklGAXNKVc7b",[],{"data":19787,"content":19788,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":19790,"content":19791,"nodeType":912},{},[19792],{"data":19793,"marks":19794,"value":19796,"nodeType":867},{},[19795],{"type":910},"What’s new?",{"data":19798,"content":19799,"nodeType":921},{},[19800],{"data":19801,"marks":19802,"value":19804,"nodeType":867},{},[19803],{"type":910},"The best of both worlds? Vishing + AiTM phishing",{"data":19806,"content":19807,"nodeType":883},{},[19808],{"data":19809,"marks":19810,"value":19811,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SLH and threat actors affiliated with “The Com” are no stranger to voice phishing (vishing) or the use of MFA-bypassing Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing kits. ",{"data":19813,"content":19814,"nodeType":883},{},[19815,19818,19826],{"data":19816,"marks":19817,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":19819,"content":19820,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2166},[19821],{"data":19822,"marks":19823,"value":19825,"nodeType":867},{},[19824],{"type":876},"SLH and it’s precursor groups",{"data":19827,"marks":19828,"value":19829,"nodeType":867},{},[]," leveraged vishing to great success in the form of help desk impersonation and password/MFA reset attacks as seen in the high profile Marks & Spencer, Co-Op, and Jaguar Land Rover attacks in 2025, as well as the Caesars and MGM attacks in 2023. MFA-bypassing phishing techniques have also long been a part of their arsenal, from the 2022 0ktapus phishing campaign to more recent use of modern AiTM phishing kits. ",{"data":19831,"content":19832,"nodeType":883},{},[19833],{"data":19834,"marks":19835,"value":19836,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But until now, we haven’t seen them used together. ",{"data":19838,"content":19841,"nodeType":892},{"target":19839},{"sys":19840},{"id":7058,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":19843,"content":19847,"nodeType":892},{"target":19844},{"sys":19845},{"id":19846,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1IDsaYD3H5MjvPS4ekcUhU",[],{"data":19849,"content":19850,"nodeType":883},{},[19851],{"data":19852,"marks":19853,"value":19854,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It makes sense to combine these methods. AiTM phishing kits are flexible, highly customizable, and can be used to target a broad range of apps — including all of the major IdP platforms used for SSO. Vishing on the other hand is proven to increase the effectiveness of social engineering attacks when performed by an effective operator — which SLH are proven to be (helped by predominantly native English speakers making up their membership, along with the use of effective voice phishing tools). ",{"data":19856,"content":19857,"nodeType":883},{},[19858],{"data":19859,"marks":19860,"value":19861,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Both vishing and AiTM phishing are identity-first methods that consciously evade traditional security tools and detection controls at the endpoint and network layer. This makes them highly effective in today’s IT environment. ",{"data":19863,"content":19864,"nodeType":921},{},[19865],{"data":19866,"marks":19867,"value":19869,"nodeType":867},{},[19868],{"type":910},"A new kind of operator-driven AiTM kit",{"data":19871,"content":19872,"nodeType":883},{},[19873],{"data":19874,"marks":19875,"value":19876,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another unique part about this campaign is that it uses a “live phishing panel” — i.e. a customizable phishing page controlled by the attacker in real time. This enables attackers to dynamically change what a victim sees on a phishing site while speaking to them on the phone. This allows them to guide victims through each step of the login and MFA authentication process.",{"data":19878,"content":19879,"nodeType":883},{},[19880],{"data":19881,"marks":19882,"value":19883,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is principally to increase the victim’s likelihood of engaging with the phishing page. As you can see in the image below, there are several options that can be presented to the victim — including not just the normal phishing stages of entering credentials and passing MFA checks, but also post-compromise actions (e.g. creating a passkey that would then be controlled by the attacker for persistent access even if an account password is reset). ",{"data":19885,"content":19889,"nodeType":892},{"target":19886},{"sys":19887},{"id":19888,"type":889,"linkType":890},"73Y2n3tRkGFtfhrA2AVJyv",[],{"data":19891,"content":19892,"nodeType":883},{},[19893],{"data":19894,"marks":19895,"value":19896,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At the end of the authentication flow, the threat actor can choose to redirect their target to a “support ticket\" closure screen. This allows the threat actor to manually terminate the session once the compromise is complete while providing the targeted user with context that matches the \"IT support\" ruse. This further reduces the likelihood of post-hoc reporting by a suspicious victim.",{"data":19898,"content":19899,"nodeType":883},{},[19900,19904,19913],{"data":19901,"marks":19902,"value":19903,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Given that this modular, operator-controlled phishing kit is reportedly available “",{"data":19905,"content":19907,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19906},"https://www.okta.com/blog/threat-intelligence/phishing-kits-adapt-to-the-script-of-callers/",[19908],{"data":19909,"marks":19910,"value":19912,"nodeType":867},{},[19911],{"type":876},"as a service",{"data":19914,"marks":19915,"value":19916,"nodeType":867},{},[],"” for criminals, we should expect to see much more of this in future. ",{"data":19918,"content":19919,"nodeType":921},{},[19920],{"data":19921,"marks":19922,"value":19924,"nodeType":867},{},[19923],{"type":910},"0ktapus 2.0?",{"data":19926,"content":19927,"nodeType":883},{},[19928],{"data":19929,"marks":19930,"value":19931,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we mentioned earlier, Scattered Spider made their reputation launching phishing attacks against Okta accounts in the 2022 0ktapus campaign. ",{"data":19933,"content":19934,"nodeType":883},{},[19935],{"data":19936,"marks":19937,"value":19938,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The vast majority of phishing attacks target IdP accounts because of the widespread access to downstream apps they grant via SSO. ",{"data":19940,"content":19941,"nodeType":883},{},[19942,19946,19955],{"data":19943,"marks":19944,"value":19945,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This comes at the same time as ",{"data":19947,"content":19949,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19948},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fake-lastpass-emails-pose-as-password-vault-backup-alerts/",[19950],{"data":19951,"marks":19952,"value":19954,"nodeType":867},{},[19953],{"type":876},"attackers running campaigns to target LastPass master passwords",{"data":19956,"marks":19957,"value":19958,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This provides a similar level of access to apps in the form of credentials (and sometimes saved passkeys). ",{"data":19960,"content":19964,"nodeType":892},{"target":19961},{"sys":19962},{"id":19963,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1vyu5WvdktTnC24TkVFqfs",[],{"data":19966,"content":19967,"nodeType":883},{},[19968,19972,19981],{"data":19969,"marks":19970,"value":19971,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Not only is this a goldmine for attackers looking to steal data or pivot to other systems to be able to launch further attacks (e.g. pivoting to cloud and on-prem services for ransomware deployment) but it’s a nightmare for incident responders. If an attacker can access an app and create a backdoor login method (AKA. a ",{"data":19973,"content":19975,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19974},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you/",[19976],{"data":19977,"marks":19978,"value":19980,"nodeType":867},{},[19979],{"type":876},"ghost login",{"data":19982,"marks":19983,"value":19984,"nodeType":867},{},[],") it can be very difficult for a security team to identify and clean them up. ",{"data":19986,"content":19990,"nodeType":892},{"target":19987},{"sys":19988},{"id":19989,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7tILkroPw9w0WLIo1bVV24",[],{"data":19992,"content":19993,"nodeType":883},{},[19994],{"data":19995,"marks":19996,"value":19997,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Check out the excerpt from one of our recent webinars below for more information. ",{"data":19999,"content":20003,"nodeType":892},{"target":20000},{"sys":20001},{"id":20002,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5IVkapjwLp1Ys14vXagQRD",[],{"data":20005,"content":20006,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":20008,"content":20009,"nodeType":912},{},[20010],{"data":20011,"marks":20012,"value":3056,"nodeType":867},{},[20013],{"type":910},{"data":20015,"content":20016,"nodeType":883},{},[20017],{"data":20018,"marks":20019,"value":20020,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This combination of methods is likely to increase the success of these malicious campaigns as well as reducing the likelihood of detection. ",{"data":20022,"content":20023,"nodeType":883},{},[20024,20028,20036],{"data":20025,"marks":20026,"value":20027,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s well documented that modern phishing attacks use a wide and ever-expanding range of ",{"data":20029,"content":20031,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20030},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-detection-evasion-launch/",[20032],{"data":20033,"marks":20034,"value":9945,"nodeType":867},{},[20035],{"type":876},{"data":20037,"marks":20038,"value":20039,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — from implementing legitimate bot protection technologies to prevent analysis, to only loading pages if the correct parameters are met — such as coming through a specific URL redirect path, and adhering to “normal” browser configs (excluding unusual browser window sizes and the presence of security analysis tools).",{"data":20041,"content":20042,"nodeType":883},{},[20043],{"data":20044,"marks":20045,"value":20046,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, the malicious payload will only trigger in the event that the delivery is approved by an operator in real time. This means that anyone attempting to find and proactively block a phishing page based on indicators of known-bad is going to have a tough time finding and flagging them. If you haven’t got a community of security analysts sharing and tagging samples of malicious pages, it makes it really hard to find and block them at scale before they hit a victim. And if these convincing attacks aren’t being reported, they’re even less likely to be investigated. This is what we mean when we say that most phishing attacks today are effectively zero-day. ",{"data":20048,"content":20049,"nodeType":883},{},[20050,20054,20059,20062,20070],{"data":20051,"marks":20052,"value":20053,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, it’s worth pointing out that the phone call is essentially the delivery vector for the phishing page. This means there’s no email to intercept and analyse. This isn’t new — ",{"data":20055,"marks":20056,"value":20058,"nodeType":867},{},[20057],{"type":910},"non-email vectors now account for more than 1 in 3 phishing attacks intercepted by Push",{"data":20060,"marks":20061,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":20063,"content":20064,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1840},[20065],{"data":20066,"marks":20067,"value":20069,"nodeType":867},{},[20068],{"type":876},"LinkedIn and Google Search being the top culprits",{"data":20071,"marks":20072,"value":20073,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This effectively cuts out the primary phishing detection surface for most organizations.",{"data":20075,"content":20076,"nodeType":883},{},[20077],{"data":20078,"marks":20079,"value":20080,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All this means that unless you’re able to detect and block these attacks in real time, organizations will find themselves unable to counter this evolving threat. ",{"data":20082,"content":20083,"nodeType":883},{},[20084],{"data":20085,"marks":20086,"value":20088,"nodeType":867},{},[20087],{"type":910},"The best/only way to do that is to be in the browser. ",{"data":20090,"content":20091,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":20093,"content":20094,"nodeType":912},{},[20095],{"data":20096,"marks":20097,"value":20099,"nodeType":867},{},[20098],{"type":910},"How Push stops the attack",{"data":20101,"content":20102,"nodeType":883},{},[20103],{"data":20104,"marks":20105,"value":20106,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a browser-based detection and response tool, Push is perfectly positioned to detect and block attacks like this in real-time. ",{"data":20108,"content":20109,"nodeType":883},{},[20110],{"data":20111,"marks":20112,"value":20113,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push harnesses deep browser telemetry to detect and block phishing based on behaviors, not static indicators. By analyzing how phishing pages behave and how users interact with them, Push uncovers fake pages, attempted credential theft, and phishing kits the moment they load in the browser — regardless of the delivery mechanism, and even when the attack has never been seen before. ",{"data":20115,"content":20119,"nodeType":892},{"target":20116},{"sys":20117},{"id":20118,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2TAKFM1rpETq4KtTY3FPIs",[],{"data":20121,"content":20122,"nodeType":883},{},[20123],{"data":20124,"marks":20125,"value":20126,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push's browser-based controls include:",{"data":20128,"content":20129,"nodeType":1526},{},[20130,20151],{"data":20131,"content":20132,"nodeType":1505},{},[20133],{"data":20134,"content":20135,"nodeType":883},{},[20136,20139,20147],{"data":20137,"marks":20138,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":20140,"content":20142,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20141},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-sso-password-protection/",[20143],{"data":20144,"marks":20145,"value":20146,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Fingerprinting high-risk app passwords",{"data":20148,"marks":20149,"value":20150,"nodeType":867},{},[]," so they can only be used on a specific domain. Any attempt to reuse this password elsewhere (such as on a phishing site) results in the attempt being blocked. ",{"data":20152,"content":20153,"nodeType":1505},{},[20154],{"data":20155,"content":20156,"nodeType":883},{},[20157,20160,20168],{"data":20158,"marks":20159,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":20161,"content":20163,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20162},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/",[20164],{"data":20165,"marks":20166,"value":20167,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Multiple browser-based checks",{"data":20169,"marks":20170,"value":20171,"nodeType":867},{},[]," looking for indicators of bad, such as cloned elements from legitimate websites, and an ever-growing number of detections relating to phishing kit behaviors and attributes as they are rendered on a page. ",{"data":20173,"content":20177,"nodeType":892},{"target":20174},{"sys":20175},{"id":20176,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4ESxxjTjNwNXGEW4DBcMVV",[],{"data":20179,"content":20180,"nodeType":883},{},[20181],{"data":20182,"marks":20183,"value":20184,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because Push observes every login made in the browser, you can also use Push to find identities susceptible to phishing attacks, such as those not using phishing-resistant authentication methods (e.g. passkeys), to proactively improve your account hygiene and reduce your attack surface. ",{"data":20186,"content":20187,"nodeType":883},{},[20188,20192,20200,20204,20212],{"data":20189,"marks":20190,"value":20191,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, you can also use our ",{"data":20193,"content":20194,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8400},[20195],{"data":20196,"marks":20197,"value":20199,"nodeType":867},{},[20198],{"type":876},"employee verification codes",{"data":20201,"marks":20202,"value":20203,"nodeType":867},{},[]," feature as part of a layered defense — a simple, browser-based identity check that gives your employees a reliable way to confirm they’re talking to another employee from your organization. It enables employees to quickly verify that a caller is who they say they are by relaying a rotating 6-digit verification code displayed in every employee's browser via the Push extension. This is an effective way of combating ",{"data":20205,"content":20206,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7405},[20207],{"data":20208,"marks":20209,"value":20211,"nodeType":867},{},[20210],{"type":876},"help desk scams",{"data":20213,"marks":20214,"value":20215,"nodeType":867},{},[]," too — another favorite of SLH. ",{"data":20217,"content":20220,"nodeType":892},{"target":20218},{"sys":20219},{"id":8416,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":20222,"content":20223,"nodeType":3914},{},[20224],{"data":20225,"content":20226,"nodeType":883},{},[20227,20231,20239,20242,20249,20252,20259],{"data":20228,"marks":20229,"value":20230,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Want to learn more about Push? ",{"data":20232,"content":20233,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[20234],{"data":20235,"marks":20236,"value":20238,"nodeType":867},{},[20237],{"type":876},"Check out our latest product overview",{"data":20240,"marks":20241,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":20243,"content":20244,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6854},[20245],{"data":20246,"marks":20247,"value":20248,"nodeType":867},{},[],"visit our demo library",{"data":20250,"marks":20251,"value":6864,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":20253,"content":20254,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[20255],{"data":20256,"marks":20257,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[20258],{"type":876},{"data":20260,"marks":20261,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":20263,"content":20264,"nodeType":883},{},[20265],{"data":20266,"marks":20267,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unpacking the latest SLH campaign — combining vishing with AiTM phishing to hijack SSO accounts","Analyzing the latest Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters (SLH) phishing campaign targeting hundreds of organizations.\n","2026-01-28T00:00:00.000Z","unpacking-the-latest-slh-campaign",{"items":20273},[20274,20276],{"sys":20275,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":20277,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":20279},[20280],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":20281},{"url":2541},"blog/device-code-phishing",{"json":20284},{"data":20285,"content":20286,"nodeType":1569},{},[20287],{"data":20288,"content":20289,"nodeType":883},{},[20290],{"data":20291,"marks":20292,"value":20293,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Device code phishing is an account takeover technique that abuses the OAuth 2.0 Device Authorization Grant to steal access tokens while bypassing standard access controls (like passwords, MFA, and even passkeys).",{"id":9491,"publishedAt":20295},"2026-08-12T11:53:02.556Z",{"items":20297},[20298,20300],{"sys":20299,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":20301,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":20303},[20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336],{"sys":20305,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":20307,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":20309,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":20311,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":20313,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":20315,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":20317,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":20319,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":20321,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":20323,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":20325,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":20327,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45},{"id":647},{"sys":20329,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":20331,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":20333,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":20335,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":20337,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},"8tjCe4rlgxCHc3XVdlvd0ZnFwPabXi2E9C7FD0L6OHs",{"id":20340,"title":20341,"authorsCollection":20342,"content":20347,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":21292,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":21294,"metaTitle":21295,"ogImage":59,"postType":9486,"publishedDate":21296,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":21297,"slug":23410,"stem":23411,"subtitle":59,"summary":23412,"synopsis":23423,"sys":23424,"tagsCollection":23427,"topicsCollection":23433,"__hash__":23465},"blog/blog/stryker-handala-report.json","The Stryker breach didn't match the playbook. That shouldn't be a surprise.",{"items":20343},[20344],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"socialLinks":20345,"profilePicture":20346},[8558],{"url":2541},{"json":20348,"links":21251},{"data":20349,"content":20350,"nodeType":1569},{},[20351,20358,20364,20383,20386,20394,20401,20408,20411,20419,20426,20597,20604,20611,20614,20622,20629,20636,20643,20650,20653,20661,20680,20687,20695,20702,20847,20866,20874,20881,21016,21035,21041,21044,21052,21059,21066,21073,21076,21084,21124,21155,21162,21168,21171,21179,21186,21193,21200,21203,21211,21218],{"data":20352,"content":20353,"nodeType":883},{},[20354],{"data":20355,"marks":20356,"value":20357,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the morning of March 11, employees at Stryker Corporation offices across 79 countries turned on their laptops and found them wiped and unusable. Personal phones enrolled in the company's BYOD program had been factory reset overnight, taking photos, banking apps, and authenticator tokens with them. Login pages had also been defaced with the logo of Handala, a persona operated by Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS).",{"data":20359,"content":20363,"nodeType":892},{"target":20360},{"sys":20361},{"id":20362,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6JtlGFq0RDoW9g6zyAcPvn",[],{"data":20365,"content":20366,"nodeType":883},{},[20367,20371,20379],{"data":20368,"marks":20369,"value":20370,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a break from the standard Handala playbook, there was no ransomware, no malware, and no exploit chain. The attacker ",{"data":20372,"content":20374,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20373},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/stryker-attack-wiped-tens-of-thousands-of-devices-no-malware-needed/",[20375],{"data":20376,"marks":20377,"value":20378,"nodeType":867},{},[],"simply logged into Microsoft Intune",{"data":20380,"marks":20381,"value":20382,"nodeType":867},{},[]," with compromised Global Administrator credentials, abused a legitimate feature, and wiped over 80,000 systems, servers, and mobile devices.",{"data":20384,"content":20385,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":20387,"content":20388,"nodeType":912},{},[20389],{"data":20390,"marks":20391,"value":20393,"nodeType":867},{},[20392],{"type":910},"What a Handala attack was supposed to look like",{"data":20395,"content":20396,"nodeType":883},{},[20397],{"data":20398,"marks":20399,"value":20400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Handala has a reputation for being a manual, hands-on intrusion team whose TTPs have typically included VPN credential brute-force for initial access (hundreds of logon attempts from commercial VPN nodes), supply chain compromise via managed service providers, RDP as the primary lateral movement method, ADRecon for Active Directory enumeration, LSASS credential dumping via comsvcs.dll, and GPO logon scripts for wiper distribution.",{"data":20402,"content":20403,"nodeType":883},{},[20404],{"data":20405,"marks":20406,"value":20407,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you had invested in detection logic around Handala's documented toolkit (BiBi Wiper file extensions, Cl Wiper's EldoS RawDisk driver calls, No-Justice partition table manipulation, Karma Shell's Base64-with-XOR web shell patterns) none of it would have fired. Wiper malware signatures, web shell indicators, RawDisk driver loading, MBR/GPT manipulation, SharePoint exploitation patterns, anomalous RDP/SMB lateral movement: all reasonable detection priorities given the group's threat intelligence profile, but all irrelevant when it mattered most.",{"data":20409,"content":20410,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":20412,"content":20413,"nodeType":912},{},[20414],{"data":20415,"marks":20416,"value":20418,"nodeType":867},{},[20417],{"type":910},"What Handala actually did",{"data":20420,"content":20421,"nodeType":883},{},[20422],{"data":20423,"marks":20424,"value":20425,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Stryker attack departs from the documented baseline across the kill 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movement",{"data":20545,"content":20546,"nodeType":3250},{},[20547],{"data":20548,"content":20549,"nodeType":883},{},[20550],{"data":20551,"marks":20552,"value":20553,"nodeType":867},{},[],"RDP, SMB, FTP, Mimikatz",{"data":20555,"content":20556,"nodeType":3250},{},[20557],{"data":20558,"content":20559,"nodeType":883},{},[20560],{"data":20561,"marks":20562,"value":20563,"nodeType":867},{},[],"None required, Intune console provides global reach from a single session",{"data":20565,"content":20566,"nodeType":3236},{},[20567,20577,20587],{"data":20568,"content":20569,"nodeType":3250},{},[20570],{"data":20571,"content":20572,"nodeType":883},{},[20573],{"data":20574,"marks":20575,"value":20576,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Impact",{"data":20578,"content":20579,"nodeType":3250},{},[20580],{"data":20581,"content":20582,"nodeType":883},{},[20583],{"data":20584,"marks":20585,"value":20586,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Custom wiper malware (BiBi, Cl Wiper, No-Justice, Hatef)",{"data":20588,"content":20589,"nodeType":3250},{},[20590],{"data":20591,"content":20592,"nodeType":883},{},[20593],{"data":20594,"marks":20595,"value":20596,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft Intune Remote Wipe, a legitimate built-in administrative feature",{"data":20598,"content":20599,"nodeType":883},{},[20600],{"data":20601,"marks":20602,"value":20603,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An organization with detections built around malware signatures, file system manipulation, and anomalous process execution would be unprepared for an attack with zero malware artifacts, where every action was a legitimate administrative command.",{"data":20605,"content":20606,"nodeType":883},{},[20607],{"data":20608,"marks":20609,"value":20610,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But while the methods were different, the core objective — mass destruction of data — is entirely consistent with previous campaigns, just through a legitimate management plane rather than custom malware.",{"data":20612,"content":20613,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":20615,"content":20616,"nodeType":912},{},[20617],{"data":20618,"marks":20619,"value":20621,"nodeType":867},{},[20620],{"type":910},"The kill chain looks different now",{"data":20623,"content":20624,"nodeType":883},{},[20625],{"data":20626,"marks":20627,"value":20628,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attack path was devastatingly simple. It didn't require lateral movement because there was nothing to move laterally through. It didn't require privilege escalation because they directly compromised a global administrator account. Every device managed by Intune was already within reach.",{"data":20630,"content":20631,"nodeType":883},{},[20632],{"data":20633,"marks":20634,"value":20635,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The traditional network-centric kill chain collapses into: compromise identity, access management plane, execute objective.",{"data":20637,"content":20638,"nodeType":883},{},[20639],{"data":20640,"marks":20641,"value":20642,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is not specific to Iran-aligned actors. Russian groups are leveraging AITM phishing kits and abusing Microsoft 365 OAuth tokens via consent attacks. Scattered Spider built an operational model around social engineering and SSO account takeover. And now Handala has demonstrated that a nation-state destructive operation can be executed entirely by abusing legitimate enterprise tooling.",{"data":20644,"content":20645,"nodeType":883},{},[20646],{"data":20647,"marks":20648,"value":20649,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This kind of attack is more direct, faster to execute, and carries a significantly lower barrier to entry. You don't need custom malware and exploit development when you can log in using as-a-Service kits or partner with an access brokering specialist.",{"data":20651,"content":20652,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":20654,"content":20655,"nodeType":912},{},[20656],{"data":20657,"marks":20658,"value":20660,"nodeType":867},{},[20659],{"type":910},"The big picture of Iranian cyber TTPs",{"data":20662,"content":20663,"nodeType":883},{},[20664,20668,20676],{"data":20665,"marks":20666,"value":20667,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Iran's offensive cyber capability is split between two rival intelligence bureaucracies. The Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) runs groups like APT34, MuddyWater, Scarred Manticore, and Void Manticore (Handala), which tend toward long-dwell espionage and coordinated destructive operations, often using a ",{"data":20669,"content":20671,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20670},"https://research.checkpoint.com/2024/bad-karma-no-justice-void-manticore-destructive-activities-in-israel/",[20672],{"data":20673,"marks":20674,"value":20675,"nodeType":867},{},[],"documented dual-actor handoff model",{"data":20677,"marks":20678,"value":20679,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where Scarred Manticore conducts stealthy espionage before handing targets to Void Manticore (Handala) for destruction.",{"data":20681,"content":20682,"nodeType":883},{},[20683],{"data":20684,"marks":20685,"value":20686,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) runs a wider set of groups, including APT33/Peach Sandstorm, APT35/Charming Kitten, APT42, Tortoiseshell/Imperial Kitten, Cotton Sandstorm, and CyberAv3ngers. IRGC groups cover espionage, destructive attacks, influence operations, election interference, ICS targeting across U.S. water and wastewater facilities), and individual surveillance.",{"data":20688,"content":20689,"nodeType":921},{},[20690],{"data":20691,"marks":20692,"value":20694,"nodeType":867},{},[20693],{"type":910},"IRGC groups have already shifted to identity-first TTPs",{"data":20696,"content":20697,"nodeType":883},{},[20698],{"data":20699,"marks":20700,"value":20701,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the IRGC side, the shift toward identity-centric operations is well-documented:",{"data":20703,"content":20704,"nodeType":1526},{},[20705,20756,20794,20821],{"data":20706,"content":20707,"nodeType":1505},{},[20708],{"data":20709,"content":20710,"nodeType":883},{},[20711,20716,20720,20728,20732,20740,20744,20752],{"data":20712,"marks":20713,"value":20715,"nodeType":867},{},[20714],{"type":910},"APT33/Peach Sandstorm",{"data":20717,"marks":20718,"value":20719,"nodeType":867},{},[]," shifted decisively toward credential-based initial access starting in early 2023, with Microsoft ",{"data":20721,"content":20723,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20722},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/09/14/peach-sandstorm-password-spray-campaigns-enable-intelligence-collection-at-high-value-targets/",[20724],{"data":20725,"marks":20726,"value":20727,"nodeType":867},{},[],"documenting",{"data":20729,"marks":20730,"value":20731,"nodeType":867},{},[]," large-scale password spray campaigns targeting thousands of organizations, ",{"data":20733,"content":20735,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20734},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/iranian-hackers-breach-defense-orgs-in-password-spray-attacks/",[20736],{"data":20737,"marks":20738,"value":20739,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Golden SAML",{"data":20741,"marks":20742,"value":20743,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks for persistent cloud access, and the use of ",{"data":20745,"content":20747,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20746},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/08/28/peach-sandstorm-deploys-new-custom-tickler-malware-in-long-running-intelligence-gathering-operations/",[20748],{"data":20749,"marks":20750,"value":20751,"nodeType":867},{},[],"fraudulent Azure subscriptions",{"data":20753,"marks":20754,"value":20755,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for C2 infrastructure.",{"data":20757,"content":20758,"nodeType":1505},{},[20759],{"data":20760,"content":20761,"nodeType":883},{},[20762,20767,20770,20778,20782,20790],{"data":20763,"marks":20764,"value":20766,"nodeType":867},{},[20765],{"type":910},"APT42",{"data":20768,"marks":20769,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":20771,"content":20773,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20772},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/untangling-iran-apt42-operations",[20774],{"data":20775,"marks":20776,"value":20777,"nodeType":867},{},[],"assessed by Mandiant to operate on behalf of the IRGC-IO, ",{"data":20779,"marks":20780,"value":20781,"nodeType":867},{},[],"has made credential harvesting and MFA bypass its core competency, operating almost entirely within cloud environments post-compromise and ",{"data":20783,"content":20785,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20784},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/apt42-charms-cons-compromises",[20786],{"data":20787,"marks":20788,"value":20789,"nodeType":867},{},[],"registering its own Microsoft Authenticator",{"data":20791,"marks":20792,"value":20793,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on compromised accounts for persistent access.",{"data":20795,"content":20796,"nodeType":1505},{},[20797],{"data":20798,"content":20799,"nodeType":883},{},[20800,20805,20809,20817],{"data":20801,"marks":20802,"value":20804,"nodeType":867},{},[20803],{"type":910},"APT35",{"data":20806,"marks":20807,"value":20808,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (aka Imperial Kitten/Tortoiseshell) was observed ",{"data":20810,"content":20812,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20811},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report?utm_medium=org",[20813],{"data":20814,"marks":20815,"value":20816,"nodeType":867},{},[],"targeting cloud identities in November 2025",{"data":20818,"marks":20819,"value":20820,"nodeType":867},{},[],", deploying the Evilginx2 AitM toolkit against Microsoft 365 users in Israel.",{"data":20822,"content":20823,"nodeType":1505},{},[20824],{"data":20825,"content":20826,"nodeType":883},{},[20827,20832,20836,20843],{"data":20828,"marks":20829,"value":20831,"nodeType":867},{},[20830],{"type":910},"CrustyKrill",{"data":20833,"marks":20834,"value":20835,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (TA455/Smoke Sandstorm) ",{"data":20837,"content":20838,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20811},[20839],{"data":20840,"marks":20841,"value":20842,"nodeType":867},{},[],"uses fake Google Meet and Microsoft Teams pages",{"data":20844,"marks":20845,"value":20846,"nodeType":867},{},[]," with a live operator intercepting 2FA codes in real time, alongside Azure Web Apps for C2.",{"data":20848,"content":20849,"nodeType":883},{},[20850,20854,20862],{"data":20851,"marks":20852,"value":20853,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A ",{"data":20855,"content":20857,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20856},"https://media.defense.gov/2024/Oct/16/2003565317/-1/-1/0/CSA-IRAN-CYBER-BRUTE-FORCE-CRITICAL-INFRASTRUCTURE-ORGS.PDF",[20858],{"data":20859,"marks":20860,"value":20861,"nodeType":867},{},[],"joint advisory from six nations",{"data":20863,"marks":20864,"value":20865,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (FBI, CISA, NSA, CSE, AFP, ASD, advisory AA24-290A, October 2024) confirmed the pattern at the government level, documenting Iranian actors using brute force, password spraying, and MFA push bombing to compromise critical infrastructure accounts since October 2023, and assessing that the actors sell this access on cybercriminal forums.",{"data":20867,"content":20868,"nodeType":921},{},[20869],{"data":20870,"marks":20871,"value":20873,"nodeType":867},{},[20872],{"type":910},"MOIS groups are changing their approach too",{"data":20875,"content":20876,"nodeType":883},{},[20877],{"data":20878,"marks":20879,"value":20880,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the MOIS side, the documented TTP baseline has historically centred on custom malware, network-level persistence, and exploitation of on-premises infrastructure. But identity compromise, particularly credential theft, has been a consistent thread across broader MOIS groups too:",{"data":20882,"content":20883,"nodeType":1526},{},[20884,20923,20950,21001],{"data":20885,"content":20886,"nodeType":1505},{},[20887],{"data":20888,"content":20889,"nodeType":883},{},[20890,20895,20899,20907,20911,20919],{"data":20891,"marks":20892,"value":20894,"nodeType":867},{},[20893],{"type":910},"APT34 (OilRig) ",{"data":20896,"marks":20897,"value":20898,"nodeType":867},{},[],"built its reputation on DNS tunnelling and custom backdoors, but its initial access methods include spearphishing and fake VPN portals for credential harvesting. Its 2024 campaigns introduced ",{"data":20900,"content":20902,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20901},"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/j/earth-simnavaz-cyberattacks.html",[20903],{"data":20904,"marks":20905,"value":20906,"nodeType":867},{},[],"password filter DLLs",{"data":20908,"marks":20909,"value":20910,"nodeType":867},{},[]," registered at the domain controller level to intercept plaintext credentials during password change events, with the ",{"data":20912,"content":20914,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20913},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/oilrig-hackers-now-exploit-windows-flaw-to-elevate-privileges/",[20915],{"data":20916,"marks":20917,"value":20918,"nodeType":867},{},[],"STEALHOOK backdoor",{"data":20920,"marks":20921,"value":20922,"nodeType":867},{},[]," exfiltrating stolen domain credentials via compromised Exchange servers. Cloud-based downloaders leveraging OneDrive and Microsoft Graph API were active against Israeli targets from 2022 to 2024.",{"data":20924,"content":20925,"nodeType":1505},{},[20926],{"data":20927,"content":20928,"nodeType":883},{},[20929,20934,20938,20946],{"data":20930,"marks":20931,"value":20933,"nodeType":867},{},[20932],{"type":910},"APT39 (Chafer) ",{"data":20935,"marks":20936,"value":20937,"nodeType":867},{},[],"operated through the ",{"data":20939,"content":20941,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20940},"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1127",[20942],{"data":20943,"marks":20944,"value":20945,"nodeType":867},{},[],"sanctioned front company Rana Intelligence Computing",{"data":20947,"marks":20948,"value":20949,"nodeType":867},{},[],", focuses on surveillance and tracking of individuals, using credential harvesting through spoofed airline and telecom domains across 30+ countries.",{"data":20951,"content":20952,"nodeType":1505},{},[20953],{"data":20954,"content":20955,"nodeType":883},{},[20956,20961,20965,20973,20977,20985,20989,20997],{"data":20957,"marks":20958,"value":20960,"nodeType":867},{},[20959],{"type":910},"MuddyWater",{"data":20962,"marks":20963,"value":20964,"nodeType":867},{},[],", confirmed by a ",{"data":20966,"content":20968,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20967},"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-055a",[20969],{"data":20970,"marks":20971,"value":20972,"nodeType":867},{},[],"joint CISA/FBI/NSA/NCSC advisory",{"data":20974,"marks":20975,"value":20976,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as a subordinate element of MOIS, functions as an initial access broker within the ecosystem. Its operations rely on spearphishing and abuse of legitimate RMM tools, but the group has developed ",{"data":20978,"content":20980,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20979},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/iran-linked-hackers-hits-israeli_2.html",[20981],{"data":20982,"marks":20983,"value":20984,"nodeType":867},{},[],"dedicated credential stealers",{"data":20986,"marks":20987,"value":20988,"nodeType":867},{},[]," including CE-Notes (which bypasses Chrome's app-bound encryption), Blub (a multi-browser credential extractor), and LP-Notes (fake Windows Security dialogs to capture system credentials). A parallel campaign documented by ",{"data":20990,"content":20992,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20991},"https://www.group-ib.com/blog/muddywater-espionage/",[20993],{"data":20994,"marks":20995,"value":20996,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Group-IB",{"data":20998,"marks":20999,"value":21000,"nodeType":867},{},[]," found the group deploying a custom Chromium credential stealer alongside its Phoenix backdoor.",{"data":21002,"content":21003,"nodeType":1505},{},[21004],{"data":21005,"content":21006,"nodeType":883},{},[21007,21012],{"data":21008,"marks":21009,"value":21011,"nodeType":867},{},[21010],{"type":910},"Lyceum (Hexane)",{"data":21013,"marks":21014,"value":21015,"nodeType":867},{},[]," overlaps operationally with APT34 and uses password spraying and brute-force attacks for initial access, and notably probed Albanian government infrastructure ahead of Handala destructive attacks in 2022, illustrating the collaborative model across MOIS groups.",{"data":21017,"content":21018,"nodeType":883},{},[21019,21023,21031],{"data":21020,"marks":21021,"value":21022,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Check Point has also ",{"data":21024,"content":21026,"nodeType":878},{"uri":21025},"https://research.checkpoint.com/2026/iranian-mois-actors-the-cyber-crime-connection/",[21027],{"data":21028,"marks":21029,"value":21030,"nodeType":867},{},[],"documented",{"data":21032,"marks":21033,"value":21034,"nodeType":867},{},[]," a broader pattern of MOIS actors engaging directly with the criminal ecosystem, including Handala's adoption of the Rhadamanthys commercial infostealer and Iranian-affiliated operators working through the Qilin ransomware-as-a-service infrastructure.",{"data":21036,"content":21040,"nodeType":892},{"target":21037},{"sys":21038},{"id":21039,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2SFtROFuPZ4SPTL87Vpjr9",[],{"data":21042,"content":21043,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":21045,"content":21046,"nodeType":912},{},[21047],{"data":21048,"marks":21049,"value":21051,"nodeType":867},{},[21050],{"type":910},"The problem with over-indexing on TTPs",{"data":21053,"content":21054,"nodeType":883},{},[21055],{"data":21056,"marks":21057,"value":21058,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Threat intelligence has real value. Attributing campaigns to named groups, mapping their techniques to MITRE ATT&CK, and generating detection rules gives defenders a meaningful starting point. The problem is treating a specific actor's historical TTP catalogue as the primary basis for detection logic, rather than combining it with the broader trends in attacker behaviour visible across the entire landscape.",{"data":21060,"content":21061,"nodeType":883},{},[21062],{"data":21063,"marks":21064,"value":21065,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Operators are creative and pragmatic. If the path of least resistance is a compromised admin credential and a legitimate MDM feature, no serious attacker is going to deploy custom wiper malware instead because that's what they used last time.",{"data":21067,"content":21068,"nodeType":883},{},[21069],{"data":21070,"marks":21071,"value":21072,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If your threat model says you're a plausible target for an Iranian threat group, and the trend data tells you that identity compromise is the most common initial access method across all actors, the rational response is to evaluate your controls aligned to identity-based initial access, not just deploy signatures for BiBi Wiper. When the specific actor profile crowds out the general trend data, you end up building defences against the last attack and leaving yourself exposed to the shift that every actor is going through.",{"data":21074,"content":21075,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":21077,"content":21078,"nodeType":912},{},[21079],{"data":21080,"marks":21081,"value":21083,"nodeType":867},{},[21082],{"type":910},"Evaluating the security guidance",{"data":21085,"content":21086,"nodeType":883},{},[21087,21091,21099,21103,21111,21115,21120],{"data":21088,"marks":21089,"value":21090,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the wake of the breach, industry guidance has settled around enforcing phishing-resistant MFA on privileged accounts, implementing just-in-time privilege activation via ",{"data":21092,"content":21094,"nodeType":878},{"uri":21093},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-governance/privileged-identity-management/pim-configure",[21095],{"data":21096,"marks":21097,"value":21098,"nodeType":867},{},[],"PIM",{"data":21100,"marks":21101,"value":21102,"nodeType":867},{},[],", enabling ",{"data":21104,"content":21106,"nodeType":878},{"uri":21105},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/intune/intune-service/fundamentals/multi-admin-approval",[21107],{"data":21108,"marks":21109,"value":21110,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Multi Admin Approval ",{"data":21112,"marks":21113,"value":21114,"nodeType":867},{},[],"for high-risk Intune operations, configuring anomaly alerting on bulk device actions, and segregating administrative identities from everyday user accounts. This is all sound advice, but these recommendations are designed to limit what an attacker can do ",{"data":21116,"marks":21117,"value":21119,"nodeType":867},{},[21118],{"type":2278},"after",{"data":21121,"marks":21122,"value":21123,"nodeType":867},{},[]," an account has already been compromised — introducing friction, but not blocking them entirely.",{"data":21125,"content":21126,"nodeType":883},{},[21127,21131,21139,21143,21151],{"data":21128,"marks":21129,"value":21130,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The detection challenges compound this. Entra ID sign-in logs and ",{"data":21132,"content":21134,"nodeType":878},{"uri":21133},"https://www.a6n.co.uk/2025/11/tracking-device-wipes-in-microsoft.html",[21135],{"data":21136,"marks":21137,"value":21138,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Intune audit logs exist in separate systems",{"data":21140,"marks":21141,"value":21142,"nodeType":867},{},[]," with separate correlation IDs. Tracing a sign-in to a subsequent device action requires deliberate log integration that many organizations haven't implemented. The ",{"data":21144,"content":21146,"nodeType":878},{"uri":21145},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/intune/intune-service/fundamentals/monitor-audit-logs",[21147],{"data":21148,"marks":21149,"value":21150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"logs do record",{"data":21152,"marks":21153,"value":21154,"nodeType":867},{},[]," \"wipe ManagedDevice\" events, but may not be linked to real-time alerting. And the underlying action, Intune's Remote Wipe, is a legitimate feature used routinely in enterprise IT. Again, the attack could have succeeded even with these in place.",{"data":21156,"content":21157,"nodeType":883},{},[21158],{"data":21159,"marks":21160,"value":21161,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a world where a compromised account can be rapidly exploited, it's vital to focus on improving detection and prevention as early as possible in the kill chain — combating initial access techniques themselves.",{"data":21163,"content":21167,"nodeType":892},{"target":21164},{"sys":21165},{"id":21166,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4H3AzW7q4QBv7pJawSqQBJ",[],{"data":21169,"content":21170,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":21172,"content":21173,"nodeType":912},{},[21174],{"data":21175,"marks":21176,"value":21178,"nodeType":867},{},[21177],{"type":910},"Closing thoughts",{"data":21180,"content":21181,"nodeType":883},{},[21182],{"data":21183,"marks":21184,"value":21185,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Stryker attack reflects what attackers everywhere — from financially motivated criminal groups to more destructive nation-state operators — are already doing. Identity-based initial access, abuse of legitimate tools and services, and living-off-the-land execution are the current standard operating procedure.",{"data":21187,"content":21188,"nodeType":883},{},[21189],{"data":21190,"marks":21191,"value":21192,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even with a perfectly hardened environment, most public breaches today involve attackers hijacking SSO mechanisms to move into connected applications, exfiltrating data for resale or extortion, and in some cases leveraging cloud services and admin platforms to deploy ransomware (the Scattered Spider playbook of dropping ransomware via VMware management portal being a well-documented example).",{"data":21194,"content":21195,"nodeType":883},{},[21196],{"data":21197,"marks":21198,"value":21199,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The majority of attackers will have no interest in destructively wiping an Intune environment — that's difficult to monetize. But the techniques that enabled the Stryker wipe are the same as those that enable financially motivated breaches at scale, pointing to a challenge that extends well beyond Iran-nexus threat actors and MDM hardening.",{"data":21201,"content":21202,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":21204,"content":21205,"nodeType":912},{},[21206],{"data":21207,"marks":21208,"value":21210,"nodeType":867},{},[21209],{"type":910},"About Push Security",{"data":21212,"content":21213,"nodeType":883},{},[21214],{"data":21215,"marks":21216,"value":21217,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":21219,"content":21220,"nodeType":883},{},[21221,21224,21230,21233,21239,21242,21248],{"data":21222,"marks":21223,"value":6838,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":21225,"content":21226,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[21227],{"data":21228,"marks":21229,"value":6847,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":21231,"marks":21232,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":21234,"content":21235,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6854},[21236],{"data":21237,"marks":21238,"value":6860,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":21240,"marks":21241,"value":6864,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":21243,"content":21244,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[21245],{"data":21246,"marks":21247,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":21249,"marks":21250,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":21252},{"hyperlink":21253,"inline":21254,"block":21255},[],[],[21256,21270,21288],{"sys":21257,"__typename":1636,"content":21258,"name":21269,"title":59},{"id":20362},{"json":21259},{"nodeType":1569,"data":21260,"content":21261},{},[21262],{"nodeType":883,"data":21263,"content":21264},{},[21265],{"nodeType":867,"value":21266,"marks":21267,"data":21268},"Handala is a public-facing \"faketivist\" persona, also known as Handala Hack Team, Void Manticore, Storm-0842, Dune, Red Sandstorm, and Banished Kitten. The group also operates under regional personas like Karma and Homeland Justice. We'll refer to them as Handala in this piece.",[],{},"Handala blog insight box 1",{"sys":21271,"__typename":1636,"content":21272,"name":21287,"title":59},{"id":21039},{"json":21273},{"nodeType":1569,"data":21274,"content":21275},{},[21276],{"nodeType":883,"data":21277,"content":21278},{},[21279,21283],{"nodeType":867,"value":21280,"marks":21281,"data":21282},"So, t",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":21284,"marks":21285,"data":21286},"he Stryker attack path is operationally consistent with the direction the Iranian threat ecosystem has been moving, even though it departs from Handala's own documented TTPs. Many of Handala's previous methods — targeting managed service providers and IT vendors, malware spearphishing, VPN credential stuffing — can also be repurposed in identity-focused social engineering attacks, particularly when boosted with widely available tools already powering criminal campaigns.",[],{},"Handala blog insight box 3",{"sys":21289,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":21290,"buttonLabel":21291,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":27},{"id":21166},"Learn about the browser attack techniques security teams must contend with in 2026","Get the Report",{"items":21293},[],{},"Analyzing Iran-nexus TTP evolution in 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They gave teams a way to continuously assess infrastructure, track misconfigurations, and understand risk across accounts, regions, and services without drowning in raw provider logs.",{"data":23503,"content":23504,"nodeType":883},{},[23505],{"data":23506,"marks":23507,"value":23508,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That capability is important. Without it, cloud security simply doesn’t function. ",{"data":23510,"content":23511,"nodeType":883},{},[23512],{"data":23513,"marks":23514,"value":23515,"nodeType":867},{},[],"CSPM and CNAPP answer the question of “is my cloud environment configured securely?”. They tell you whether an IAM role is too permissive, whether a resource is exposed, or whether a policy violates best practice. They tell you when a user or account is trying to do something they shouldn’t. ",{"data":23517,"content":23518,"nodeType":883},{},[23519],{"data":23520,"marks":23521,"value":23522,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What they don’t answer is a different, increasingly important question: “What happens when attacker behavior is indistinguishable from legitimate user behavior?”",{"data":23524,"content":23525,"nodeType":921},{},[23526],{"data":23527,"marks":23528,"value":23530,"nodeType":867},{},[23529],{"type":910},"But they can’t stop “legitimate” actions",{"data":23532,"content":23533,"nodeType":883},{},[23534],{"data":23535,"marks":23536,"value":23537,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The gap (or lack of) between legitimate user behavior and malicious abuse is becoming more relevant as cloud breaches change shape. ",{"data":23539,"content":23540,"nodeType":883},{},[23541],{"data":23542,"marks":23543,"value":23544,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In many of today’s incidents, attackers aren’t exploiting misconfigurations or abusing the cloud control plane directly. They’re compromising users. Once an authentication has occurred through illegitimate means, whether phishing, session hijacking, or token theft, the attacker operates entirely within an approved session.",{"data":23546,"content":23547,"nodeType":883},{},[23548],{"data":23549,"marks":23550,"value":23551,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From the perspective of cloud security tooling, very little looks wrong. The identity is valid. The access patterns appear expected. The infrastructure remains correctly configured. As long as the attacker operates within the bounds of what looks “normal”, no alarms are triggered. Meanwhile, sensitive actions are carried out through the browser, using the same interfaces and workflows as a real user.",{"data":23553,"content":23554,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":23556,"content":23557,"nodeType":912},{},[23558],{"data":23559,"marks":23560,"value":23562,"nodeType":867},{},[23561],{"type":910},"The gap between the IdP and the final API call — the “missing middle” in your security stack",{"data":23564,"content":23565,"nodeType":883},{},[23566],{"data":23567,"marks":23568,"value":23569,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The browser session sits outside the telemetry and control model of infrastructure-focused cloud security tools. We call this the \"missing middle.\" It’s the space between the IdP login and the final cloud API call. ",{"data":23571,"content":23572,"nodeType":883},{},[23573],{"data":23574,"marks":23575,"value":23576,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In theory, you could try to close the gap by stitching together logs from every SaaS application in your environment. 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You only see those signals by inspecting the page, the scripts, and the user’s interaction, in real time, inside the tab, before any cloud API ever gets touched.",{"data":23667,"content":23668,"nodeType":883},{},[23669,23673,23678],{"data":23670,"marks":23671,"value":23672,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Second, ",{"data":23674,"marks":23675,"value":23677,"nodeType":867},{},[23676],{"type":910},"posture can’t stop at the IdP or cloud configuration.",{"data":23679,"marks":23680,"value":23681,"nodeType":867},{},[]," It’s not enough to enforce MFA and SSO at a handful of centrally managed apps and assume the rest of the estate follows suit. Shadow SaaS breaks that assumption immediately. Local accounts, duplicate identities, and MFA gaps undermine cloud access controls, even when your AWS or Azure configuration is otherwise airtight. If a sensitive app allows password-only access, that weakness propagates straight back into your cloud environment.",{"data":23683,"content":23684,"nodeType":883},{},[23685],{"data":23686,"marks":23687,"value":23688,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, when something does go wrong, teams need more than a login timestamp and an IP address. They need to know what the user actually saw and did. Click-by-click browser session data is what allows responders to understand intent, scope impact accurately, and determine whether a session was abused or simply used.",{"data":23690,"content":23691,"nodeType":921},{},[23692],{"data":23693,"marks":23694,"value":23696,"nodeType":867},{},[23695],{"type":910},"Visibility into the browser session holds the answers",{"data":23698,"content":23699,"nodeType":883},{},[23700],{"data":23701,"marks":23702,"value":23703,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If the browser session is where cloud access actually happens, then treating it as a black box is no longer viable.",{"data":23705,"content":23706,"nodeType":883},{},[23707],{"data":23708,"marks":23709,"value":23710,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is where Push Security fits. Push is designed to cover the missing middle, not by replacing your existing cloud security stack, but by extending it into the one place it can’t reach on its own: the live browser session.",{"data":23712,"content":23713,"nodeType":883},{},[23714],{"data":23715,"marks":23716,"value":23717,"nodeType":867},{},[],"CSPM and CNAPP remain the right tools for securing cloud configuration and infrastructure. They tell you whether IAM policies are sane, resources are exposed, and guardrails are in place. Push addresses a different problem. It focuses on what happens once access is granted, when identity moves from configuration into motion.",{"data":23719,"content":23720,"nodeType":883},{},[23721],{"data":23722,"marks":23723,"value":23724,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push does this by deploying a browser-native agent, like EDR operates at the host level. That agent gives defenders direct visibility into the application session itself like the page structure being rendered, the user’s interaction with it, and the behaviors attackers rely on when they hijack sessions in real time.",{"data":23726,"content":23730,"nodeType":892},{"target":23727},{"sys":23728},{"id":23729,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6qMaivxhJ3xT9DkwXGcCSJ",[],{"data":23732,"content":23733,"nodeType":883},{},[23734],{"data":23735,"marks":23736,"value":23737,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That visibility changes how cloud access can be defended.",{"data":23739,"content":23740,"nodeType":1526},{},[23741,23756,23771,23786],{"data":23742,"content":23743,"nodeType":1505},{},[23744],{"data":23745,"content":23746,"nodeType":883},{},[23747,23752],{"data":23748,"marks":23749,"value":23751,"nodeType":867},{},[23750],{"type":910},"Real-time detection in the browser:",{"data":23753,"marks":23754,"value":23755,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Detect in-browser attacker techniques as they happen, left of boom. Phishing kits rendering inside login flows, session tokens being intercepted, credential submission into lookalike pages — Push observes these behaviors directly and can block them before any cloud API is touched or a console is reached.",{"data":23757,"content":23758,"nodeType":1505},{},[23759],{"data":23760,"content":23761,"nodeType":883},{},[23762,23767],{"data":23763,"marks":23764,"value":23766,"nodeType":867},{},[23765],{"type":910},"Complete visibility into cloud access paths:",{"data":23768,"marks":23769,"value":23770,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Build an accurate inventory of how users are actually accessing cloud services. Push surfaces every application in use, including shadow SaaS, and shows which accounts are local, duplicated, missing MFA, or bypassing SSO — crucial visibility that falls between the cracks of application and identity provider. ",{"data":23772,"content":23773,"nodeType":1505},{},[23774],{"data":23775,"content":23776,"nodeType":883},{},[23777,23782],{"data":23778,"marks":23779,"value":23781,"nodeType":867},{},[23780],{"type":910},"Active hardening at the point of access:",{"data":23783,"marks":23784,"value":23785,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Enforce secure login behavior across the entire application surface, not just centrally managed apps. Push can steer users toward using MFA and SSO and block risky credentials on unmanaged tools, closing identity gaps before they’re exploited.",{"data":23787,"content":23788,"nodeType":1505},{},[23789],{"data":23790,"content":23791,"nodeType":883},{},[23792,23797],{"data":23793,"marks":23794,"value":23796,"nodeType":867},{},[23795],{"type":910},"Session-level context for rapid response:",{"data":23798,"marks":23799,"value":23800,"nodeType":867},{},[]," When something does go wrong, Push provides the missing ground truth. Instead of stitching together partial logs or relying on brittle app-level integrations, responders can see exactly what the user saw and did in the browser (from context generated directly from the browser session itself) making it possible to understand intent, assess scope accurately, and contain a compromised session quickly.",{"data":23802,"content":23803,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":23805,"content":23806,"nodeType":3914},{},[23807],{"data":23808,"content":23809,"nodeType":883},{},[23810,23813,23820,23823,23830,23833,23840],{"data":23811,"marks":23812,"value":20230,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":23814,"content":23815,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[23816],{"data":23817,"marks":23818,"value":20238,"nodeType":867},{},[23819],{"type":876},{"data":23821,"marks":23822,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":23824,"content":23825,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6854},[23826],{"data":23827,"marks":23828,"value":20248,"nodeType":867},{},[23829],{"type":876},{"data":23831,"marks":23832,"value":6864,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":23834,"content":23835,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[23836],{"data":23837,"marks":23838,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[23839],{"type":876},{"data":23841,"marks":23842,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":23844,"content":23845,"nodeType":883},{},[23846],{"data":23847,"marks":23848,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":23850},{"hyperlink":23851,"inline":23852,"block":23853},[],[],[23854],{"sys":23855,"__typename":1584,"title":23856,"caption":23856,"layoutMode":59,"file":23857},{"id":23729},"The browser sees the \"missing middle\" that is key to stopping modern attacks.",{"url":23858,"width":23859,"height":23860},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/62kkmEzar8I24kELigqdoq/8e4c0476ba9bec03c418977bed5f40e6/Screenshot_2026-01-30_at_16.42.19.png",3372,1560,{"items":23862},[],{},"How Push fits in with your existing cloud security tools","thought-leadership","2026-02-06T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":23868},[23869,24373],{"__typename":1670,"sys":23870,"content":23871,"title":24359,"synopsis":24360,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":24361,"slug":24362,"tagsCollection":24363,"authorsCollection":24369},{"id":13799},{"json":23872},{"data":23873,"content":23874,"nodeType":1569},{},[23875,23883,23890,23897,23909,23917,23924,23931,23938,23946,23949,23957,23964,23971,23978,23995,24001,24008,24025,24033,24151,24154,24162,24169,24181,24188,24193,24200,24207,24215,24222,24230,24237,24244,24251,24299,24311,24347,24353],{"data":23876,"content":23877,"nodeType":912},{},[23878],{"data":23879,"marks":23880,"value":23882,"nodeType":867},{},[23881],{"type":910},"Defense used to start at the network perimeter",{"data":23884,"content":23885,"nodeType":883},{},[23886],{"data":23887,"marks":23888,"value":23889,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you've been working in security for any length of time, you know where defense starts: the network. Long before cloud-first or SaaS-first became default, the perimeter was where defenders had leverage: visibility, enforcement, and control over traffic moving in and out of the organization.",{"data":23891,"content":23892,"nodeType":883},{},[23893],{"data":23894,"marks":23895,"value":23896,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That mental model hasn’t disappeared. Secure Web Gateways, Cloud Access Security Brokers, and the converged Security Service Edge architecture exist because the problem they solve is still real. Organizations generate an enormous volume of web traffic, and someone has to monitor it, filter it, and enforce policy at scale. These tools sit inline, log metadata, apply categorization, and block what’s already known to be dangerous. Without them, the environment quickly becomes unmanageable and extremely difficult to secure.",{"data":23898,"content":23899,"nodeType":883},{},[23900,23904],{"data":23901,"marks":23902,"value":23903,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They are very good at what they were designed to do: securing the wire. ",{"data":23905,"marks":23906,"value":23908,"nodeType":867},{},[23907],{"type":910},"But what happens over the wire is not the full picture. ",{"data":23910,"content":23911,"nodeType":921},{},[23912],{"data":23913,"marks":23914,"value":23916,"nodeType":867},{},[23915],{"type":910},"Traffic isn't the whole picture anymore",{"data":23918,"content":23919,"nodeType":883},{},[23920],{"data":23921,"marks":23922,"value":23923,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A significant amount of activity happens locally, inside the browser, beyond the visibility of network controls. Modern webpages are effectively complicated web apps that are rendered client-side via JavaScript — and not everything that happens on the page is traffic-generating. ",{"data":23925,"content":23926,"nodeType":883},{},[23927],{"data":23928,"marks":23929,"value":23930,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That distinction matters more than it used to. Authentication, data access, administrative actions, almost all of it now happens inside a browser tab. As a result, the browser has become a central point of both productivity and risk.",{"data":23932,"content":23933,"nodeType":883},{},[23934],{"data":23935,"marks":23936,"value":23937,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Network tools still see the pipeline of traffic moving back and forth. But attackers have adapted to operate within that pipeline rather than around it. They don’t need to break the connection or trigger obvious anomalies. They target the content rendered inside the browser and the user interacting with it.",{"data":23939,"content":23940,"nodeType":883},{},[23941],{"data":23942,"marks":23943,"value":23945,"nodeType":867},{},[23944],{"type":910},"That leaves security teams with noisy traffic visibility and very little insight into the actual attack unfolding inside the browser session.",{"data":23947,"content":23948,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":23950,"content":23951,"nodeType":912},{},[23952],{"data":23953,"marks":23954,"value":23956,"nodeType":867},{},[23955],{"type":910},"Traffic visibility vs. in-browser context",{"data":23958,"content":23959,"nodeType":883},{},[23960],{"data":23961,"marks":23962,"value":23963,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The modern attacker's playbook is built on a simple idea: stay inside the network’s line of sight without triggering detections or enforcement. Containing operations to the browser layer provides attackers with an easy bypass of many traditional network controls without ever needing to break or evade them outright.",{"data":23965,"content":23966,"nodeType":883},{},[23967],{"data":23968,"marks":23969,"value":23970,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They do this by staying ahead of known-bad detection models, constantly rotating domains and URLs, using anti-analysis techniques, and delivering phishing lures through channels that bypass traditional network ingress points like the email gateway (like social media or SMS). In many cases, the link is never evaluated by perimeter controls at all.",{"data":23972,"content":23973,"nodeType":883},{},[23974],{"data":23975,"marks":23976,"value":23977,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This creates a fundamental visibility gap. Network security tools can see a request going to a legitimate-looking destination, but they can’t observe what happens once the page executes client-side in the browser. Malicious scripts and phishing elements often don’t appear until after the page loads and a user interacts with it, leaving nothing obviously known-bad for network controls to detect.",{"data":23979,"content":23980,"nodeType":883},{},[23981,23985,23991],{"data":23982,"marks":23983,"value":23984,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Blocklists don’t help much here either. Domains rotate constantly, and the window between a phishing site going live and being categorized as malicious is more than enough time for an attacker to succeed. Until that happens, the traffic appears benign and the user is free to interact with the page. And to make matters worse, attackers are leveraging ",{"data":23986,"content":23987,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20030},[23988],{"data":23989,"marks":23990,"value":9945,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":23992,"marks":23993,"value":23994,"nodeType":867},{},[]," designed to frustrate these detections — meaning most bad pages aren't spotted until it's way too late. ",{"data":23996,"content":24000,"nodeType":892},{"target":23997},{"sys":23998},{"id":23999,"type":889,"linkType":890},"38X1De97xJ8B6GNXTHW6Y5",[],{"data":24002,"content":24003,"nodeType":883},{},[24004],{"data":24005,"marks":24006,"value":24007,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Consider attacker-in-the-middle phishing. From the proxy’s perspective, everything looks clean: user → reputable domain → “standard” web traffic. The phishing infrastructure is often hidden behind redirects or conditional logic designed to screen out proxies and scanners. Inside the browser session, however, credentials are intercepted, session tokens are harvested, and MFA is bypassed in real time.",{"data":24009,"content":24010,"nodeType":883},{},[24011,24014,24021],{"data":24012,"marks":24013,"value":23597,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24015,"content":24016,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2166},[24017],{"data":24018,"marks":24019,"value":24020,"nodeType":867},{},[],"modern threat groups",{"data":24022,"marks":24023,"value":24024,"nodeType":867},{},[],", these obscured attack vectors lead directly to initial access and account takeover. The network is no longer the control point where the most consequential attacks can be reliably stopped.",{"data":24026,"content":24027,"nodeType":883},{},[24028],{"data":24029,"marks":24030,"value":24032,"nodeType":867},{},[24031],{"type":2278},"Browser telemetry is key to detecting and blocking malicious content in real-time, rather than relying on blocklists using known-bad indicators like domains and IPs that go out of date as quickly as new entries appear.",{"data":24034,"content":24035,"nodeType":3329},{},[24036,24059,24082,24105,24128],{"data":24037,"content":24038,"nodeType":3236},{},[24039,24049],{"data":24040,"content":24041,"nodeType":3224},{},[24042],{"data":24043,"content":24044,"nodeType":883},{},[24045],{"data":24046,"marks":24047,"value":24048,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What you see with traffic analysis",{"data":24050,"content":24051,"nodeType":3224},{},[24052],{"data":24053,"content":24054,"nodeType":883},{},[24055],{"data":24056,"marks":24057,"value":24058,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What you can see with browser telemetry",{"data":24060,"content":24061,"nodeType":3236},{},[24062,24072],{"data":24063,"content":24064,"nodeType":3250},{},[24065],{"data":24066,"content":24067,"nodeType":883},{},[24068],{"data":24069,"marks":24070,"value":24071,"nodeType":867},{},[],"HTTP request/response bodies ",{"data":24073,"content":24074,"nodeType":3250},{},[24075],{"data":24076,"content":24077,"nodeType":883},{},[24078],{"data":24079,"marks":24080,"value":24081,"nodeType":867},{},[],"DOM structure fingerprints",{"data":24083,"content":24084,"nodeType":3236},{},[24085,24095],{"data":24086,"content":24087,"nodeType":3250},{},[24088],{"data":24089,"content":24090,"nodeType":883},{},[24091],{"data":24092,"marks":24093,"value":24094,"nodeType":867},{},[],"URLs and headers",{"data":24096,"content":24097,"nodeType":3250},{},[24098],{"data":24099,"content":24100,"nodeType":883},{},[24101],{"data":24102,"marks":24103,"value":24104,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User interaction metadata ",{"data":24106,"content":24107,"nodeType":3236},{},[24108,24118],{"data":24109,"content":24110,"nodeType":3250},{},[24111],{"data":24112,"content":24113,"nodeType":883},{},[24114],{"data":24115,"marks":24116,"value":24117,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cookie values in transit",{"data":24119,"content":24120,"nodeType":3250},{},[24121],{"data":24122,"content":24123,"nodeType":883},{},[24124],{"data":24125,"marks":24126,"value":24127,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cookie names and attributes",{"data":24129,"content":24130,"nodeType":3236},{},[24131,24141],{"data":24132,"content":24133,"nodeType":3250},{},[24134],{"data":24135,"content":24136,"nodeType":883},{},[24137],{"data":24138,"marks":24139,"value":24140,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Static JS code",{"data":24142,"content":24143,"nodeType":3250},{},[24144],{"data":24145,"content":24146,"nodeType":883},{},[24147],{"data":24148,"marks":24149,"value":24150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Script execution patterns and dynamic JS analysis",{"data":24152,"content":24153,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":24155,"content":24156,"nodeType":912},{},[24157],{"data":24158,"marks":24159,"value":24161,"nodeType":867},{},[24160],{"type":910},"Securing the browser session is key to stopping modern threats",{"data":24163,"content":24164,"nodeType":883},{},[24165],{"data":24166,"marks":24167,"value":24168,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If the browser is where users actually work, and where attackers actually operate, then that’s the layer that defenders need to understand and control.",{"data":24170,"content":24171,"nodeType":883},{},[24172,24176],{"data":24173,"marks":24174,"value":24175,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern web-based attacks don’t succeed because traffic goes uninspected. They succeed because network inspection can’t follow the interaction far enough. Traffic shows where data went, not what the user actually saw or did, ",{"data":24177,"marks":24178,"value":24180,"nodeType":867},{},[24179],{"type":910},"and in today’s attacks, that distinction matters.",{"data":24182,"content":24183,"nodeType":883},{},[24184],{"data":24185,"marks":24186,"value":24187,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To stop these threats, you have to see what the user is actually interacting with. Things like what scripts are loading, how the DOM is being manipulated, or whether the login form a user is using is legitimate or being proxied. Those are page-level signals, and they only exist inside the browser tab.",{"data":24189,"content":24192,"nodeType":892},{"target":24190},{"sys":24191},{"id":23729,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":24194,"content":24195,"nodeType":883},{},[24196],{"data":24197,"marks":24198,"value":24199,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That same shift applies to control. Destination-based blocking breaks down when the destination itself appears legitimate. Effective intervention requires decisions based on behavior as it unfolds so teams can stop risky or malicious activity that would compromise an account.",{"data":24201,"content":24202,"nodeType":883},{},[24203],{"data":24204,"marks":24205,"value":24206,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And visibility can’t stop at centrally managed applications. Shadow SaaS breaks any assumption that access patterns are uniform or fully governed by the IdP. Local accounts, duplicate identities, and password-only logins don’t show up clearly in network telemetry, but they materially expand the attack surface. Seeing every login, across every app, directly from the browser is the only way to build an accurate picture of who has access to what.",{"data":24208,"content":24209,"nodeType":921},{},[24210],{"data":24211,"marks":24212,"value":24214,"nodeType":867},{},[24213],{"type":910},"Push provides the missing context for network security",{"data":24216,"content":24217,"nodeType":883},{},[24218],{"data":24219,"marks":24220,"value":24221,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At this point, the gap should be clear. Network security gives you strong control over traffic, but very little insight into what actually happens once that traffic lands in a user’s browser.",{"data":24223,"content":24224,"nodeType":883},{},[24225],{"data":24226,"marks":24227,"value":24229,"nodeType":867},{},[24228],{"type":910},"This is where Push can help.",{"data":24231,"content":24232,"nodeType":883},{},[24233],{"data":24234,"marks":24235,"value":24236,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Push browser agent extends monitoring into the browser itself, providing the visibility and control that perimeter-based tools can’t deliver. It doesn’t replace SSE, SWG, or CASB. Those tools remain the right way to manage traffic and enforce policy at the edge. Push complements them by operating in the one place they can’t: inside the live browser session.",{"data":24238,"content":24239,"nodeType":883},{},[24240],{"data":24241,"marks":24242,"value":24243,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push does this by deploying a browser-native agent, similar in spirit to how EDR works at the host level. That agent gives defenders direct insight into what the network can’t see like the page being rendered, how the user is interacting with it, and the attack techniques that play out entirely within the tab.",{"data":24245,"content":24246,"nodeType":883},{},[24247],{"data":24248,"marks":24249,"value":24250,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With Push deployed, teams gain:",{"data":24252,"content":24253,"nodeType":1526},{},[24254,24269,24284],{"data":24255,"content":24256,"nodeType":1505},{},[24257],{"data":24258,"content":24259,"nodeType":883},{},[24260,24265],{"data":24261,"marks":24262,"value":24264,"nodeType":867},{},[24263],{"type":910},"Real-time, in-browser threat detection:",{"data":24266,"marks":24267,"value":24268,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Detect and stop attacks like AiTM phishing and session hijacking based on what’s actually happening in the browser. Instead of relying on blocklists or downstream signals, Push identifies attacker behavior as it unfolds and can intervene before credentials or session tokens are stolen.",{"data":24270,"content":24271,"nodeType":1505},{},[24272],{"data":24273,"content":24274,"nodeType":883},{},[24275,24280],{"data":24276,"marks":24277,"value":24279,"nodeType":867},{},[24278],{"type":910},"Complete visibility into SaaS access: ",{"data":24281,"marks":24282,"value":24283,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Build a true inventory of user identities and authentication methods across every application in use, including shadow SaaS. Push fills the gaps left by network and IdP logs, giving teams a real picture of where access exists and how it’s being granted.",{"data":24285,"content":24286,"nodeType":1505},{},[24287],{"data":24288,"content":24289,"nodeType":883},{},[24290,24295],{"data":24291,"marks":24292,"value":24294,"nodeType":867},{},[24293],{"type":910},"Streamlined hardening at the point of access:",{"data":24296,"marks":24297,"value":24298,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Use the browser as a control point to enforce secure login behavior everywhere it matters. Mandate MFA, steer users toward SSO, and block risky credentials on unmanaged apps, shifting from reactive cleanup to continuous, preventative hardening.",{"data":24300,"content":24301,"nodeType":883},{},[24302,24306],{"data":24303,"marks":24304,"value":24305,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The result is a unified model and real defense in depth. ",{"data":24307,"marks":24308,"value":24310,"nodeType":867},{},[24309],{"type":910},"Network tools secure the pipeline, and Push secures the user moving through it.",{"data":24312,"content":24313,"nodeType":3914},{},[24314],{"data":24315,"content":24316,"nodeType":883},{},[24317,24320,24326,24329,24335,24338,24344],{"data":24318,"marks":24319,"value":20230,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24321,"content":24322,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[24323],{"data":24324,"marks":24325,"value":20238,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24327,"marks":24328,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24330,"content":24331,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6854},[24332],{"data":24333,"marks":24334,"value":20248,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24336,"marks":24337,"value":6864,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24339,"content":24340,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[24341],{"data":24342,"marks":24343,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24345,"marks":24346,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24348,"content":24352,"nodeType":892},{"target":24349},{"sys":24350},{"id":24351,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1doMkOu2ZuGqMp2VJgV5pb",[],{"data":24354,"content":24355,"nodeType":883},{},[24356],{"data":24357,"marks":24358,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push + Network Security: The gap between seeing the packet and securing the session","Why network and web traffic only gives you part of the picture when it comes to modern browser-based attacks. ","2026-01-30T00:00:00.000Z","push-plus-network-security",{"items":24364},[24365,24367],{"sys":24366,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":24368,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":24370},[24371],{"fullName":23472,"firstName":23473,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":24372},{"url":23475},{"__typename":1670,"sys":24374,"content":24375,"title":24756,"synopsis":24757,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":24361,"slug":24758,"tagsCollection":24759,"authorsCollection":24765},{"id":13820},{"json":24376},{"data":24377,"content":24378,"nodeType":1569},{},[24379,24387,24394,24401,24413,24425,24433,24440,24447,24454,24460,24463,24471,24478,24485,24497,24504,24511,24519,24526,24574,24590,24597,24605,24612,24639,24646,24654,24702,24709,24745,24750],{"data":24380,"content":24381,"nodeType":912},{},[24382],{"data":24383,"marks":24384,"value":24386,"nodeType":867},{},[24385],{"type":910},"EDR is still the best tool for attacks that touch the endpoint",{"data":24388,"content":24389,"nodeType":883},{},[24390],{"data":24391,"marks":24392,"value":24393,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tooling is fundamental to modern security. It earned its place as a foundational control by moving defense away from static, known-bad indicators and toward deep, real-time detection, investigation, and response based on behavior observed in a live environment. ",{"data":24395,"content":24396,"nodeType":883},{},[24397],{"data":24398,"marks":24399,"value":24400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By running an agent inside the operating system, EDR gave defenders something they never had before: visibility into what was actually happening on the host as it happened, and the ability to act on it.",{"data":24402,"content":24403,"nodeType":883},{},[24404,24408],{"data":24405,"marks":24406,"value":24407,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That agent-level visibility is still incredibly powerful. File system changes, process execution, memory behavior, or registry modifications is the kind of telemetry that enables threat hunting, exposes fileless attacks, and allows teams to contain incidents by isolating a device or killing a malicious process. ",{"data":24409,"marks":24410,"value":24412,"nodeType":867},{},[24411],{"type":910},"For anything that touches the endpoint, EDR remains the right tool.",{"data":24414,"content":24415,"nodeType":883},{},[24416,24420],{"data":24417,"marks":24418,"value":24419,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But that’s the key constraint: ",{"data":24421,"marks":24422,"value":24424,"nodeType":867},{},[24423],{"type":2278},"for anything that touches the endpoint.",{"data":24426,"content":24427,"nodeType":921},{},[24428],{"data":24429,"marks":24430,"value":24432,"nodeType":867},{},[24431],{"type":910},"But modern attacks have moved beyond the endpoint",{"data":24434,"content":24435,"nodeType":883},{},[24436],{"data":24437,"marks":24438,"value":24439,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The reality of how work gets done has shifted. Most applications are now SaaS-based and accessed entirely through a browser. Employees authenticate, move data, administer systems, and interact with customers inside a browser window. And attackers have followed them there.",{"data":24441,"content":24442,"nodeType":883},{},[24443],{"data":24444,"marks":24445,"value":24446,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When attacks play out in the browser, endpoint-level signals often never appear. From the operating system’s perspective, there’s just a browser process behaving normally. The EDR agent is doing exactly what it was designed to do, but the activity that matters is happening within the browser itself.",{"data":24448,"content":24449,"nodeType":883},{},[24450],{"data":24451,"marks":24452,"value":24453,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s the gap teams are running into. EDR protects the integrity of the host, but it has no visibility into the live application session inside the browser. And as attackers consciously avoid the endpoint entirely, that blind spot is becoming harder to ignore.",{"data":24455,"content":24459,"nodeType":892},{"target":24456},{"sys":24457},{"id":24458,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7aVTgi4Btxl6PpzQl8kipW",[],{"data":24461,"content":24462,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":24464,"content":24465,"nodeType":912},{},[24466],{"data":24467,"marks":24468,"value":24470,"nodeType":867},{},[24469],{"type":910},"Attackers are consciously evading EDR",{"data":24472,"content":24473,"nodeType":883},{},[24474],{"data":24475,"marks":24476,"value":24477,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The gap endpoint teams are running into isn’t accidental. It’s the result of attackers adapting to where defenders are strongest (and weakest).",{"data":24479,"content":24480,"nodeType":883},{},[24481],{"data":24482,"marks":24483,"value":24484,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern EDR has made compromising the host operating system expensive and noisy. Deep telemetry and constant monitoring mean that even when an attacker manages to execute code on a device, that action is quickly under scrutiny. From there, progress is slow. After all, lateral movement and persistence take time, and all of it carries risk and generates signals defenders are good at catching.",{"data":24486,"content":24487,"nodeType":883},{},[24488,24493],{"data":24489,"marks":24490,"value":24492,"nodeType":867},{},[24491],{"type":910},"So attackers take a different route. ",{"data":24494,"marks":24495,"value":24496,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Instead of targeting the OS, they operate inside the browser session, abusing legitimate access paths to cloud applications directly over the internet. The endpoint just sees a browser session, not the malicious activity that's happening inside it. ",{"data":24498,"content":24499,"nodeType":883},{},[24500],{"data":24501,"marks":24502,"value":24503,"nodeType":867},{},[],"EDR agents are extremely good at protecting the operating system, but their visibility largely stops at the browser boundary. They can see that a browser process is running. They can’t see what a user is actually interacting with inside a specific tab, or what code is executing within the browser.",{"data":24505,"content":24506,"nodeType":883},{},[24507],{"data":24508,"marks":24509,"value":24510,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is the shift security teams are feeling. Attacks don’t trigger endpoint alerts because they aren’t endpoint attacks. They unfold inside the browser, over standard web sessions, using legitimate accounts. To EDR, the host is unaffected. To the business, the damage is already underway.",{"data":24512,"content":24513,"nodeType":921},{},[24514],{"data":24515,"marks":24516,"value":24518,"nodeType":867},{},[24517],{"type":910},"How modern attacks circumvent EDR",{"data":24520,"content":24521,"nodeType":883},{},[24522],{"data":24523,"marks":24524,"value":24525,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Examples of modern attacks that are consciously evading EDR by staying off the endpoint include:",{"data":24527,"content":24528,"nodeType":1526},{},[24529,24544,24559],{"data":24530,"content":24531,"nodeType":1505},{},[24532],{"data":24533,"content":24534,"nodeType":883},{},[24535,24540],{"data":24536,"marks":24537,"value":24539,"nodeType":867},{},[24538],{"type":910},"AiTM phishing: ",{"data":24541,"marks":24542,"value":24543,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Sophisticated attacker-in-the-middle phishing kits render convincing login pages directly in the browser and proxy authentication in real time, stealing credentials or MFA tokens as the user enters them. From the OS perspective, nothing appears unusual; EDR can’t see the page structure or scripts running inside the tab.",{"data":24545,"content":24546,"nodeType":1505},{},[24547],{"data":24548,"content":24549,"nodeType":883},{},[24550,24555],{"data":24551,"marks":24552,"value":24554,"nodeType":867},{},[24553],{"type":910},"Session hijacking:",{"data":24556,"marks":24557,"value":24558,"nodeType":867},{},[]," When attackers obtain a valid session token, they gain persistent access to an account without needing a password at all. Once in use, the session typically blends into normal browser activity, generating no endpoint data. ",{"data":24560,"content":24561,"nodeType":1505},{},[24562],{"data":24563,"content":24564,"nodeType":883},{},[24565,24570],{"data":24566,"marks":24567,"value":24569,"nodeType":867},{},[24568],{"type":910},"Malicious browser extensions:",{"data":24571,"marks":24572,"value":24573,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Malicious extensions (either made by attackers or hijacked by them) can read page content, intercept credentials, or siphon session tokens. Because extensions operate inside the browser’s execution model, their behavior is largely invisible to endpoint tooling focused on OS-level activity.",{"data":24575,"content":24576,"nodeType":883},{},[24577,24581,24586],{"data":24578,"marks":24579,"value":24580,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even attacks that nominally involve the endpoint often stay outside EDR’s strongest visibility. ",{"data":24582,"marks":24583,"value":24585,"nodeType":867},{},[24584],{"type":910},"ClickFix-style social engineering",{"data":24587,"marks":24588,"value":24589,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is a good example. Attackers manipulate users into taking risky actions that look legitimate, the most prominent example being executing malicious commands on the host that are deliberately obfuscated or broken into benign-looking steps. While EDR may catch the code execution (and any malware the execution attempts to install), these techniques are designed to stay ambiguous enough to avoid reliable detection.",{"data":24591,"content":24592,"nodeType":883},{},[24593],{"data":24594,"marks":24595,"value":24596,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All of these attacks succeed for the same reason: the activity unfolds inside the browser. And because EDR was never designed to observe or control what happens inside a live browser session, attackers can operate there with far less resistance.",{"data":24598,"content":24599,"nodeType":921},{},[24600],{"data":24601,"marks":24602,"value":24604,"nodeType":867},{},[24603],{"type":910},"Extending detection and response to the browser",{"data":24606,"content":24607,"nodeType":883},{},[24608],{"data":24609,"marks":24610,"value":24611,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Defenders need to meet attackers where they actually operate. That means establishing real detection and response capabilities inside the browser itself.",{"data":24613,"content":24614,"nodeType":883},{},[24615,24619,24624,24628,24636],{"data":24616,"marks":24617,"value":24618,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When endpoint security evolved, it did so by putting an agent on the host to observe behavior, collect telemetry, and act at the source — ",{"data":24620,"marks":24621,"value":24623,"nodeType":867},{},[24622],{"type":910},"getting inside the data stream",{"data":24625,"marks":24626,"value":24627,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The same logic applies here. If the browser is where credentials are entered, sessions are established, and attacks unfold, then it needs to be treated as a security surface in its own right. ",{"data":24629,"content":24631,"nodeType":878},{"uri":24630},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/push-plus-network-security",[24632],{"data":24633,"marks":24634,"value":24635,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That doesn't mean just looking at web traffic, but examining client-side browser processes and activity that are the best, earliest indicators of bad activity. ",{"data":24637,"marks":24638,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24640,"content":24641,"nodeType":883},{},[24642],{"data":24643,"marks":24644,"value":24645,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This doesn’t replace EDR. EDR secures the host. Identity tools govern authentication. But the browser, the layer that connects users to everything else, is a blind spot. Extending detection and response into that layer fills the gap while complementing the controls that already work.",{"data":24647,"content":24648,"nodeType":921},{},[24649],{"data":24650,"marks":24651,"value":24653,"nodeType":867},{},[24652],{"type":910},"Your browser detection and response checklist",{"data":24655,"content":24656,"nodeType":1526},{},[24657,24672,24687],{"data":24658,"content":24659,"nodeType":1505},{},[24660],{"data":24661,"content":24662,"nodeType":883},{},[24663,24668],{"data":24664,"marks":24665,"value":24667,"nodeType":867},{},[24666],{"type":910},"Browser-native protection: ",{"data":24669,"marks":24670,"value":24671,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Running inside the browser is the only way you can see what page a user is interacting with, what scripts are running, and how the session is behaving in real time. It’s also the only place you can reliably distinguish between normal user activity and attacker-driven manipulation.",{"data":24673,"content":24674,"nodeType":1505},{},[24675],{"data":24676,"content":24677,"nodeType":883},{},[24678,24683],{"data":24679,"marks":24680,"value":24682,"nodeType":867},{},[24681],{"type":910},"Behavioral detection:",{"data":24684,"marks":24685,"value":24686,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Detection can’t rely on static indicators. It has to be based on behaviors — like how pages render, how credentials are submitted, and how sessions are established and abused. ",{"data":24688,"content":24689,"nodeType":1505},{},[24690],{"data":24691,"content":24692,"nodeType":883},{},[24693,24698],{"data":24694,"marks":24695,"value":24697,"nodeType":867},{},[24696],{"type":910},"Real-time interception:",{"data":24699,"marks":24700,"value":24701,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Response has to be immediate. Blocking credential submission, interrupting a malicious action, capturing high-fidelity context, all of that needs to happen at the point of interaction — before an account is compromised.",{"data":24703,"content":24704,"nodeType":883},{},[24705],{"data":24706,"marks":24707,"value":24708,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is what it means to extend detection and response to the browser: not another tool bolted onto the stack, but a necessary evolution in how modern attacks are actually stopped.",{"data":24710,"content":24711,"nodeType":3914},{},[24712],{"data":24713,"content":24714,"nodeType":883},{},[24715,24718,24724,24727,24733,24736,24742],{"data":24716,"marks":24717,"value":20230,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24719,"content":24720,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[24721],{"data":24722,"marks":24723,"value":20238,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24725,"marks":24726,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24728,"content":24729,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6854},[24730],{"data":24731,"marks":24732,"value":20248,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24734,"marks":24735,"value":6864,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24737,"content":24738,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[24739],{"data":24740,"marks":24741,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24743,"marks":24744,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":24746,"content":24749,"nodeType":892},{"target":24747},{"sys":24748},{"id":24351,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":24751,"content":24752,"nodeType":883},{},[24753],{"data":24754,"marks":24755,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push + Endpoint Security: Extending detection and response to the browser","Why extending detection and response into the browser is crucial in the face of modern attacks that consciously evade the network and endpoint. 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",{"url":25452,"width":1602,"height":25453},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6InFhVkJJOPhsojQoub04K/b43e32cfa0bdc423dc993e930ebe1ae2/image1.png",1125,{"sys":25455,"__typename":1584,"title":25456,"caption":25457,"layoutMode":59,"file":25458},{"id":8416},"Employee Verification Codes","Push provides a lightweight verification feature in every user’s browser — no additional apps or devices required.",{"url":25459,"width":25460,"height":25461},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/41X6fkPJgqf14vO3O14TF3/e0cecdbdfaee1353f15ff77ecb6a55a8/Employee_verification_codes.png",2088,1240,{"items":25463},[],{},"Unpacking the latest SLH phishing campaign",{"items":25467},[25468,26284,27586],{"__typename":1670,"sys":25469,"content":25471,"title":26270,"synopsis":26271,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":26272,"slug":26273,"tagsCollection":26274,"authorsCollection":26280},{"id":25470},"4jcVFrvGBtVXpKU3gDMaa2",{"json":25472},{"data":25473,"content":25474,"nodeType":1569},{},[25475,25493,25500,25506,25561,25568,25575,25578,25586,25593,25600,25651,25659,25666,25689,25696,25699,25707,25714,25721,25728,25735,25742,25749,25754,25762,25769,25788,25808,25811,25819,25826,25833,25840,25848,25867,25874,25879,25887,25907,25927,26040,26043,26051,26058,26065,26068,26076,26083,26090,26097,26164,26194,26197,26205,26211,26218,26225,26232,26258,26264],{"data":25476,"content":25477,"nodeType":883},{},[25478,25482,25489],{"data":25479,"marks":25480,"value":25481,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In December, the Push Security research team discovered and blocked a brand new attack technique that we coined ",{"data":25483,"content":25484,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1963},[25485],{"data":25486,"marks":25487,"value":1968,"nodeType":867},{},[25488],{"type":876},{"data":25490,"marks":25491,"value":25492,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This technique merged ClickFix-style social engineering with OAuth consent phishing to hijack Microsoft accounts. ",{"data":25494,"content":25495,"nodeType":883},{},[25496],{"data":25497,"marks":25498,"value":25499,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We saw this attack running across a large network of compromised websites that attackers were injecting the malicious payload into, forming a large-scale campaign that was detected across multiple customer estates. ",{"data":25501,"content":25505,"nodeType":892},{"target":25502},{"sys":25503},{"id":25504,"type":889,"linkType":890},"603MWDqc9NsqkklIkfGNZN",[],{"data":25507,"content":25508,"nodeType":883},{},[25509,25513,25522,25526,25534,25537,25546,25549,25557],{"data":25510,"marks":25511,"value":25512,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix got a pretty awesome response from the community in a very short space of time. Within days, ",{"data":25514,"content":25516,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25515},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAiiIY-Soak",[25517],{"data":25518,"marks":25519,"value":25521,"nodeType":867},{},[25520],{"type":876},"John Hammond shared a new and improved version of the technique",{"data":25523,"marks":25524,"value":25525,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that he’d spun up in his own lab, while security researchers from ",{"data":25527,"content":25529,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25528},"https://medium.com/@nitashathakur/consentfix-poc-how-the-attack-works-end-to-end-4f8b656f977d",[25530],{"data":25531,"marks":25532,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[25533],{"type":876},{"data":25535,"marks":25536,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":25538,"content":25540,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25539},"https://www.glueckkanja.com/en/posts/2025-12-31-vulnerability-consentfix",[25541],{"data":25542,"marks":25543,"value":25545,"nodeType":867},{},[25544],{"type":876},"Glueck Kanja",{"data":25547,"marks":25548,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":25550,"content":25551,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6715},[25552],{"data":25553,"marks":25554,"value":25556,"nodeType":867},{},[25555],{"type":876},"other individual contributors",{"data":25558,"marks":25559,"value":25560,"nodeType":867},{},[]," all shared analysis and recommendations. ",{"data":25562,"content":25563,"nodeType":883},{},[25564],{"data":25565,"marks":25566,"value":25567,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this blog, we’re sharing some new insights on the campaign, pulling together some of the top recommendations and resources shared across the community, and predicting what the future holds for this novel technique as it quickly enters the mainstream. ",{"data":25569,"content":25570,"nodeType":883},{},[25571],{"data":25572,"marks":25573,"value":25574,"nodeType":867},{},[],"First though, let’s quickly recap what ConsentFix is and how it works. ",{"data":25576,"content":25577,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":25579,"content":25580,"nodeType":912},{},[25581],{"data":25582,"marks":25583,"value":25585,"nodeType":867},{},[25584],{"type":910},"ConsentFix 101",{"data":25587,"content":25588,"nodeType":883},{},[25589],{"data":25590,"marks":25591,"value":25592,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix is an attack technique that prompts the victim to share an OAuth authorization code with an attacker via a phishing page. The attacker then enters this code into a target application on their own device in order to complete the authorization handshake and take over the account. ",{"data":25594,"content":25595,"nodeType":883},{},[25596],{"data":25597,"marks":25598,"value":25599,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By hijacking OAuth, attackers can effectively bypass identity-layer controls like passwords and MFA — even phishing resistant authentication methods like passkeys have no impact on this attack, because it sidesteps the authentication process altogether. ",{"data":25601,"content":25602,"nodeType":883},{},[25603,25607,25615,25618,25625,25629,25636,25640,25648],{"data":25604,"marks":25605,"value":25606,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OAuth abuse attacks are not new. Techniques like ",{"data":25608,"content":25610,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25609},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/consent_phishing/description.md",[25611],{"data":25612,"marks":25613,"value":19145,"nodeType":867},{},[25614],{"type":876},{"data":25616,"marks":25617,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":25619,"content":25620,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9530},[25621],{"data":25622,"marks":25623,"value":6443,"nodeType":867},{},[25624],{"type":876},{"data":25626,"marks":25627,"value":25628,"nodeType":867},{},[]," have been around for some time. However, these mainly focus on connecting your primary workspace account (e.g. Microsoft, Google, etc.) to a fraudulent, attacker-controlled application. But this is becoming increasingly difficult in core enterprise cloud environments like Azure due to ",{"data":25630,"content":25631,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19163},[25632],{"data":25633,"marks":25634,"value":19169,"nodeType":867},{},[25635],{"type":876},{"data":25637,"marks":25638,"value":25639,"nodeType":867},{},[],". That said, device code phishing still featured prominently in the recent ",{"data":25641,"content":25642,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2166},[25643],{"data":25644,"marks":25645,"value":25647,"nodeType":867},{},[25646],{"type":876},"high-profile Salesforce attacks in 2025",{"data":25649,"marks":25650,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":25652,"content":25653,"nodeType":921},{},[25654],{"data":25655,"marks":25656,"value":25658,"nodeType":867},{},[25657],{"type":910},"What makes ConsentFix so dangerous?",{"data":25660,"content":25661,"nodeType":883},{},[25662],{"data":25663,"marks":25664,"value":25665,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unlike typical OAuth attacks, the novel ConsentFix approach enabled the attacker to target different types of application to what they usually go after — with big implications for detection and response. In this case, the attacker:",{"data":25667,"content":25668,"nodeType":1526},{},[25669,25679],{"data":25670,"content":25671,"nodeType":1505},{},[25672],{"data":25673,"content":25674,"nodeType":883},{},[25675],{"data":25676,"marks":25677,"value":25678,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Specifically targeted first-party Microsoft apps that cannot be restricted in the same way as third-party applications, and are pre-consented in every tenant (meaning users can authenticate to them without admin approval). ",{"data":25680,"content":25681,"nodeType":1505},{},[25682],{"data":25683,"content":25684,"nodeType":883},{},[25685],{"data":25686,"marks":25687,"value":25688,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Leveraged legacy scopes that are outside the scope of default logging to evade detection, and targeted scopes with known Conditional Access policy exclusions.",{"data":25690,"content":25691,"nodeType":883},{},[25692],{"data":25693,"marks":25694,"value":25695,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means that default controls you’d expect to block malicious OAuth grants don’t apply, you may not have logging enabled to detect it if it did happen to you, and to top it off, conditional access policy exclusions mean that many organizations’ expected controls don’t work as intended in this case. ",{"data":25697,"content":25698,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":25700,"content":25701,"nodeType":912},{},[25702],{"data":25703,"marks":25704,"value":25706,"nodeType":867},{},[25705],{"type":910},"ConsentFix campaign recap",{"data":25708,"content":25709,"nodeType":883},{},[25710],{"data":25711,"marks":25712,"value":25713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s quickly recap how the ConsentFix campaign was implemented. ",{"data":25715,"content":25716,"nodeType":883},{},[25717],{"data":25718,"marks":25719,"value":25720,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The victim is served a page which requires that they verify that they are human by pasting a URL into the phishing page.",{"data":25722,"content":25723,"nodeType":883},{},[25724],{"data":25725,"marks":25726,"value":25727,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Clicking the “Sign In” button opens a legitimate Microsoft login page. If the user is already logged in (which they likely are if working in their normal browser) their account information is already pre-populated and they won’t need to authenticate again. ",{"data":25729,"content":25730,"nodeType":883},{},[25731],{"data":25732,"marks":25733,"value":25734,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Selecting their account redirects them to a localhost URL containing an OAuth authorization code — this is what they then post into the original phishing page to complete the attack. ",{"data":25736,"content":25737,"nodeType":883},{},[25738],{"data":25739,"marks":25740,"value":25741,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once the attacker gets the URL, they can exchange it for an access token or refresh token for the particular application being targeted — in this case, Azure CLI.",{"data":25743,"content":25744,"nodeType":883},{},[25745],{"data":25746,"marks":25747,"value":25748,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The TL;DR is that the attacker is manually completing an authorization flow that happens when a user logs into Azure CLI — a a command line client that provides you with the ability to easily manage your Azure AD / Entra ID environment. Except in this case, they’re taking the victim’s information to log in on the attacker’s device instead. ",{"data":25750,"content":25753,"nodeType":892},{"target":25751},{"sys":25752},{"id":19002,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":25755,"content":25756,"nodeType":921},{},[25757],{"data":25758,"marks":25759,"value":25761,"nodeType":867},{},[25760],{"type":910},"Latest campaign details",{"data":25763,"content":25764,"nodeType":883},{},[25765],{"data":25766,"marks":25767,"value":25768,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since we shared our blog post, we’ve had a number of additional details come to light about the campaign, which we’ve continued to track. ",{"data":25770,"content":25771,"nodeType":883},{},[25772,25776,25784],{"data":25773,"marks":25774,"value":25775,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It appears to be linked to Russian state-affiliated APT29, as corroborated by threat researchers we’ve been collaborating with. This is consistent with the ",{"data":25777,"content":25778,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1963},[25779],{"data":25780,"marks":25781,"value":25783,"nodeType":867},{},[25782],{"type":876},"stealthy tactics we observed",{"data":25785,"marks":25786,"value":25787,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which go far beyond the run-of-the-mill detection evasion techniques we see used in criminal phishing campaigns. ",{"data":25789,"content":25790,"nodeType":883},{},[25791,25795,25804],{"data":25792,"marks":25793,"value":25794,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It shares many similarities with, and appears to be an evolution of, ",{"data":25796,"content":25798,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25797},"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2025/12/04/dangerous-invitations-russian-threat-actor-spoofs-european-security-events-in-targeted-phishing-attacks/",[25799],{"data":25800,"marks":25801,"value":25803,"nodeType":867},{},[25802],{"type":876},"this Russia-affiliated campaign identified by Volexity",{"data":25805,"marks":25806,"value":25807,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that featured a manual version of the attack — where they victim was social engineered via email into opening the Microsoft URL, copying the localhost response, and sending it back to the attacker via email. ",{"data":25809,"content":25810,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":25812,"content":25813,"nodeType":912},{},[25814],{"data":25815,"marks":25816,"value":25818,"nodeType":867},{},[25817],{"type":910},"Top contributions from the community",{"data":25820,"content":25821,"nodeType":883},{},[25822],{"data":25823,"marks":25824,"value":25825,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we mentioned earlier, the community response to ConsentFix has been incredible. ",{"data":25827,"content":25828,"nodeType":883},{},[25829],{"data":25830,"marks":25831,"value":25832,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As ever, you get a lot of vendors covering the attack technique with “install our product” as the recommendation. This is to be expected, but it’s misleading when some of these vendors are pushing EDR products that would have absolutely no way of detecting or blocking the attack. ",{"data":25834,"content":25835,"nodeType":883},{},[25836],{"data":25837,"marks":25838,"value":25839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But cutting through the marketing, a lot of really great resources and recommendations were shared. ",{"data":25841,"content":25842,"nodeType":921},{},[25843],{"data":25844,"marks":25845,"value":25847,"nodeType":867},{},[25846],{"type":910},"V2.0 released by John Hammond",{"data":25849,"content":25850,"nodeType":883},{},[25851,25855,25863],{"data":25852,"marks":25853,"value":25854,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Within days, John Hammond ",{"data":25856,"content":25857,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25515},[25858],{"data":25859,"marks":25860,"value":25862,"nodeType":867},{},[25861],{"type":876},"posted about ConsentFix on his Youtube channel",{"data":25864,"marks":25865,"value":25866,"nodeType":867},{},[],", where he showed off a slick improvement on the ConsentFix implementation used by attackers. In his version, the URL containing the Microsoft authorization code was generated in a pop-up browser window that could simply be drag-and-dropped into the phishing page. ",{"data":25868,"content":25869,"nodeType":883},{},[25870],{"data":25871,"marks":25872,"value":25873,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This implementation is way smoother, making it much more likely that a victim would fall for it. And this took a matter of days… ",{"data":25875,"content":25878,"nodeType":892},{"target":25876},{"sys":25877},{"id":6373,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":25880,"content":25881,"nodeType":921},{},[25882],{"data":25883,"marks":25884,"value":25886,"nodeType":867},{},[25885],{"type":910},"Additional vulnerable first-party apps identified",{"data":25888,"content":25889,"nodeType":883},{},[25890,25894,25903],{"data":25891,"marks":25892,"value":25893,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Fabian Bader and Dirk-jan Mollema from Glueck Kanja have ",{"data":25895,"content":25897,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25896},"https://entrascopes.com/?bypass=true&authcodeFix=true",[25898],{"data":25899,"marks":25900,"value":25902,"nodeType":867},{},[25901],{"type":876},"shared a great resource",{"data":25904,"marks":25905,"value":25906,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on wider first-party apps that are vulnerable to ConsentFix. ",{"data":25908,"content":25909,"nodeType":883},{},[25910,25914,25923],{"data":25911,"marks":25912,"value":25913,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In total, there are 11 apps vulnerable to ConsentFix that also have known ",{"data":25915,"content":25917,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25916},"https://cloudbrothers.info/conditional-access-bypasses/#documented-bypasses",[25918],{"data":25919,"marks":25920,"value":25922,"nodeType":867},{},[25921],{"type":876},"Conditional Access exclusions",{"data":25924,"marks":25925,"value":25926,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (either for the app generally, or when specific scopes are requested for the app):",{"data":25928,"content":25929,"nodeType":1526},{},[25930,25940,25950,25960,25970,25980,25990,26000,26010,26020,26030],{"data":25931,"content":25932,"nodeType":1505},{},[25933],{"data":25934,"content":25935,"nodeType":883},{},[25936],{"data":25937,"marks":25938,"value":25939,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft Azure CLI: 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46",{"data":25941,"content":25942,"nodeType":1505},{},[25943],{"data":25944,"content":25945,"nodeType":883},{},[25946],{"data":25947,"marks":25948,"value":25949,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft Azure PowerShell: 1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2",{"data":25951,"content":25952,"nodeType":1505},{},[25953],{"data":25954,"content":25955,"nodeType":883},{},[25956],{"data":25957,"marks":25958,"value":25959,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft Teams: 1fec8e78-bce4-4aaf-ab1b-5451cc387264",{"data":25961,"content":25962,"nodeType":1505},{},[25963],{"data":25964,"content":25965,"nodeType":883},{},[25966],{"data":25967,"marks":25968,"value":25969,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft Whiteboard Client: 57336123-6e14-4acc-8dcf-287b6088aa28",{"data":25971,"content":25972,"nodeType":1505},{},[25973],{"data":25974,"content":25975,"nodeType":883},{},[25976],{"data":25977,"marks":25978,"value":25979,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft Flow Mobile PROD-GCCH-CN: 57fcbcfa-7cee-4eb1-8b25-12d2030b4ee0",{"data":25981,"content":25982,"nodeType":1505},{},[25983],{"data":25984,"content":25985,"nodeType":883},{},[25986],{"data":25987,"marks":25988,"value":25989,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Enterprise Roaming and Backup: 60c8bde5-3167-4f92-8fdb-059f6176dc0",{"data":25991,"content":25992,"nodeType":1505},{},[25993],{"data":25994,"content":25995,"nodeType":883},{},[25996],{"data":25997,"marks":25998,"value":25999,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Visual Studio: 872cd9fa-d31f-45e0-9eab-6e460a02d1f1",{"data":26001,"content":26002,"nodeType":1505},{},[26003],{"data":26004,"content":26005,"nodeType":883},{},[26006],{"data":26007,"marks":26008,"value":26009,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Aadrm Admin Powershell: 90f610bf-206d-4950-b61d-37fa6fd1b224",{"data":26011,"content":26012,"nodeType":1505},{},[26013],{"data":26014,"content":26015,"nodeType":883},{},[26016],{"data":26017,"marks":26018,"value":26019,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft SharePoint Online Management Shell: 9bc3ab49-b65d-410a-85ad-de819febfddc",{"data":26021,"content":26022,"nodeType":1505},{},[26023],{"data":26024,"content":26025,"nodeType":883},{},[26026],{"data":26027,"marks":26028,"value":26029,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft Power Query for Excel: a672d62c-fc7b-4e81-a576-e60dc46e951d",{"data":26031,"content":26032,"nodeType":1505},{},[26033],{"data":26034,"content":26035,"nodeType":883},{},[26036],{"data":26037,"marks":26038,"value":26039,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Visual Studio Code: aebc6443-996d-45c2-90f0-388ff96faa56",{"data":26041,"content":26042,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":26044,"content":26045,"nodeType":912},{},[26046],{"data":26047,"marks":26048,"value":26050,"nodeType":867},{},[26049],{"type":910},"Predictions for ConsentFix",{"data":26052,"content":26053,"nodeType":883},{},[26054],{"data":26055,"marks":26056,"value":26057,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Based on the speed at which new iterations on the ConsentFix technique were shared by security researchers, and the breadth of apps and possible scopes that can be leveraged, both red teams and criminals will inevitably adopt ConsentFix into their arsenal of TTPs in the near future. It is likely that new ConsentFix variants will emerge imminently (if not already in circulation). ",{"data":26059,"content":26060,"nodeType":883},{},[26061],{"data":26062,"marks":26063,"value":26064,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All security teams responsible for protecting Microsoft environments should ensure that monitoring controls and mitigations are put in place as a matter of high priority. ",{"data":26066,"content":26067,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":26069,"content":26070,"nodeType":912},{},[26071],{"data":26072,"marks":26073,"value":26075,"nodeType":867},{},[26074],{"type":910},"Updated recommendations for security teams",{"data":26077,"content":26078,"nodeType":883},{},[26079],{"data":26080,"marks":26081,"value":26082,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As an entirely browser-native attack technique, many traditional security tools and data sources are of limited use when it comes to detecting or pre-emptively blocking this attack. At the same time, the attack exploits default Microsoft security configs to evade both prevention and detection controls.",{"data":26084,"content":26085,"nodeType":883},{},[26086],{"data":26087,"marks":26088,"value":26089,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To be able to tackle modern attacks like ConsentFix that occur entirely within the browser context, it is vital that organizations look to monitor the browser as a detection surface, hunt for signs of malicious activity, and block attacks in real-time — in the same way that you would expect EDR to work for endpoint attacks. ",{"data":26091,"content":26092,"nodeType":883},{},[26093],{"data":26094,"marks":26095,"value":26096,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For organizations relying on Microsoft logging as the sole line of defense against this attack, there are some new recommendations to add to the list thanks to the community response: ",{"data":26098,"content":26099,"nodeType":1526},{},[26100,26123,26133,26154],{"data":26101,"content":26102,"nodeType":1505},{},[26103],{"data":26104,"content":26105,"nodeType":883},{},[26106,26110,26119],{"data":26107,"marks":26108,"value":26109,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ensure that logging for the deprecated ",{"data":26111,"content":26113,"nodeType":878},{"uri":26112},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/reference/tables/aadgraphactivitylogs",[26114],{"data":26115,"marks":26116,"value":26118,"nodeType":867},{},[26117],{"type":876},"AADGraphActivityLogs",{"data":26120,"marks":26121,"value":26122,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is enabled.",{"data":26124,"content":26125,"nodeType":1505},{},[26126],{"data":26127,"content":26128,"nodeType":883},{},[26129],{"data":26130,"marks":26131,"value":26132,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hunt in logs for the Application IDs highlighted above, along with the Resource IDs for Windows Azure Active Directory (00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000) and Microsoft Intune Checkin (26a4ae64-5862-427f-a9b0-044e62572a4f)",{"data":26134,"content":26135,"nodeType":1505},{},[26136],{"data":26137,"content":26138,"nodeType":883},{},[26139,26142,26150],{"data":26140,"marks":26141,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26143,"content":26144,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6715},[26145],{"data":26146,"marks":26147,"value":26149,"nodeType":867},{},[26148],{"type":876},"Create Service Principals for each of the vulnerable apps and restrict the users that are authorized to access them",{"data":26151,"marks":26152,"value":26153,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to reduce the attack surface of users that can be phished with this method.",{"data":26155,"content":26156,"nodeType":1505},{},[26157],{"data":26158,"content":26159,"nodeType":883},{},[26160],{"data":26161,"marks":26162,"value":26163,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Block access to CLI tools via Conditional Access policy and issue exclusions for authorized users/groups. ",{"data":26165,"content":26166,"nodeType":883},{},[26167,26171,26180,26184,26191],{"data":26168,"marks":26169,"value":26170,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Additional resources that may be of use include community-created ",{"data":26172,"content":26174,"nodeType":878},{"uri":26173},"https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/pull/5485",[26175],{"data":26176,"marks":26177,"value":26179,"nodeType":867},{},[26178],{"type":876},"Elastic detection rules",{"data":26181,"marks":26182,"value":26183,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for ConsentFix and further mitigation and hunting guidance from ",{"data":26185,"content":26186,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25539},[26187],{"data":26188,"marks":26189,"value":25545,"nodeType":867},{},[26190],{"type":876},{"data":26192,"marks":26193,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26195,"content":26196,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":26198,"content":26199,"nodeType":912},{},[26200],{"data":26201,"marks":26202,"value":26204,"nodeType":867},{},[26203],{"type":910},"Learn more about Push Security",{"data":26206,"content":26207,"nodeType":883},{},[26208],{"data":26209,"marks":26210,"value":19573,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26212,"content":26213,"nodeType":883},{},[26214],{"data":26215,"marks":26216,"value":26217,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push tackles browser-based attacks using behavioral threat detection controls, powered by deep browser telemetry, to provide broad detection and blocking capabilities against attacks happening in the browser. This means analyzing the end-to-end process of a webpage loading/running in the browser, and how the user interacts with the page, to spot universal indicators of bad activity. ",{"data":26219,"content":26220,"nodeType":883},{},[26221],{"data":26222,"marks":26223,"value":26224,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is the only reliable way to detect malicious websites in a world where IoC-based detections are trivial for attackers to get around. Rather than playing known-bad whac-a-mole, Push detects and blocks even zero-day browser threats in real time.",{"data":26226,"content":26227,"nodeType":883},{},[26228],{"data":26229,"marks":26230,"value":26231,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push stops browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, ConsentFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":26233,"content":26234,"nodeType":883},{},[26235,26238,26245,26248,26255],{"data":26236,"marks":26237,"value":6838,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26239,"content":26240,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[26241],{"data":26242,"marks":26243,"value":6847,"nodeType":867},{},[26244],{"type":876},{"data":26246,"marks":26247,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26249,"content":26250,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[26251],{"data":26252,"marks":26253,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[26254],{"type":876},{"data":26256,"marks":26257,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26259,"content":26263,"nodeType":892},{"target":26260},{"sys":26261},{"id":26262,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4D7zpYAc1tTEAmn2hpkWPe",[],{"data":26265,"content":26266,"nodeType":883},{},[26267],{"data":26268,"marks":26269,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ConsentFix debrief: latest community insights, recommendations, and predictions","New insights on the ConsentFix campaign stopped by Push.","2026-01-14T00:00:00.000Z","consentfix-debrief",{"items":26275},[26276,26278],{"sys":26277,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":26279,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":26281},[26282],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":26283},{"url":2541},{"__typename":1670,"sys":26285,"content":26287,"title":27572,"synopsis":27573,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":27574,"slug":27575,"tagsCollection":27576,"authorsCollection":27582},{"id":26286},"37KWV8V5L3aNZBSx6JMd0Z",{"json":26288},{"data":26289,"content":26290,"nodeType":1569},{},[26291,26298,26305,26366,26373,26442,26448,26455,26462,26465,26472,26478,26485,26587,26606,26613,26655,26662,26669,26676,26709,26715,26747,26753,26760,26767,26800,26820,26823,26830,26836,26867,26874,26881,26888,26894,26901,26907,26922,26965,26971,26990,26993,27000,27006,27026,27033,27062,27083,27089,27110,27117,27124,27184,27191,27197,27211,27225,27245,27251,27272,27279,27282,27289,27295,27302,27309,27330,27336,27356,27362,27369,27402,27420,27423,27430,27436,27443,27463,27469,27484,27490,27497,27504,27523,27526,27532,27539,27546],{"data":26292,"content":26293,"nodeType":883},{},[26294],{"data":26295,"marks":26296,"value":26297,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Looking back over the year’s headlines and trending TTPs, it’s clear that 2025 was the year that browser-based account takeover techniques made the leap into the mainstream.",{"data":26299,"content":26300,"nodeType":883},{},[26301],{"data":26302,"marks":26303,"value":26304,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A few stats tell the story …",{"data":26306,"content":26307,"nodeType":1526},{},[26308,26327,26346],{"data":26309,"content":26310,"nodeType":1505},{},[26311],{"data":26312,"content":26313,"nodeType":883},{},[26314,26318,26324],{"data":26315,"marks":26316,"value":26317,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identity-based attacks surged by 32% over the last year, and 97% of identity attacks were password-based, driven by a combination of credential leaks and infostealer malware. (",{"data":26319,"content":26320,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7620},[26321],{"data":26322,"marks":26323,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26325,"marks":26326,"value":7630,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26328,"content":26329,"nodeType":1505},{},[26330],{"data":26331,"content":26332,"nodeType":883},{},[26333,26337,26343],{"data":26334,"marks":26335,"value":26336,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ClickFix was the most common initial point of access for adversaries in the past year, accounting for a whopping 47% of observed attacks. (",{"data":26338,"content":26339,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7620},[26340],{"data":26341,"marks":26342,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26344,"marks":26345,"value":7630,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26347,"content":26348,"nodeType":1505},{},[26349],{"data":26350,"content":26351,"nodeType":883},{},[26352,26356,26363],{"data":26353,"marks":26354,"value":26355,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pure malware-based attacks declined, as adversaries continued to shift from targeting endpoints to corporate identities. In the last year-plus, 79% of detections were malware-free, up from 40% in 2019. And abuse of valid accounts was responsible for more than one-third of all cloud-related incidents. (",{"data":26357,"content":26358,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7643},[26359],{"data":26360,"marks":26361,"value":26362,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Crowdstrike",{"data":26364,"marks":26365,"value":7630,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26367,"content":26368,"nodeType":883},{},[26369],{"data":26370,"marks":26371,"value":26372,"nodeType":867},{},[],"… and so do the headlines from 2025:",{"data":26374,"content":26375,"nodeType":1526},{},[26376,26395,26423],{"data":26377,"content":26378,"nodeType":1505},{},[26379],{"data":26380,"content":26381,"nodeType":883},{},[26382,26386,26391],{"data":26383,"marks":26384,"value":26385,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers stole over ",{"data":26387,"marks":26388,"value":26390,"nodeType":867},{},[26389],{"type":910},"1.5 billion records",{"data":26392,"marks":26393,"value":26394,"nodeType":867},{},[]," from an estimated 1,000+ Salesforce tenants by exploiting integrations (Salesloft, Gainsight), phishing credentials, and by tricking users into installing a malicious OAuth app.",{"data":26396,"content":26397,"nodeType":1505},{},[26398],{"data":26399,"content":26400,"nodeType":883},{},[26401,26405,26410,26414,26419],{"data":26402,"marks":26403,"value":26404,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Marks & Spencer was hit with a help desk scam that led to a compromised Microsoft Entra account, followed by a ransomware deployment resulting in months of disruption, ",{"data":26406,"marks":26407,"value":26409,"nodeType":867},{},[26408],{"type":910},"$400M",{"data":26411,"marks":26412,"value":26413,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in lost profits, and around ",{"data":26415,"marks":26416,"value":26418,"nodeType":867},{},[26417],{"type":910},"$1.3B",{"data":26420,"marks":26421,"value":26422,"nodeType":867},{},[]," wiped off their stock market valuation at one stage.",{"data":26424,"content":26425,"nodeType":1505},{},[26426],{"data":26427,"content":26428,"nodeType":883},{},[26429,26433,26438],{"data":26430,"marks":26431,"value":26432,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Jaguar Land Rover was compromised via highly privileged admin accounts — another help desk scam targeting workforce credentials for initial access — resulting in months of disruption that led the UK government to underwrite a ",{"data":26434,"marks":26435,"value":26437,"nodeType":867},{},[26436],{"type":910},"$1.5B",{"data":26439,"marks":26440,"value":26441,"nodeType":867},{},[]," loan to alleviate the supply chain impact. This was the most economically consequential cyber attack yet recorded in a G7 economy.",{"data":26443,"content":26447,"nodeType":892},{"target":26444},{"sys":26445},{"id":26446,"type":889,"linkType":890},"v5YYnjP2NViOh6Ucxp2Fe",[],{"data":26449,"content":26450,"nodeType":883},{},[26451],{"data":26452,"marks":26453,"value":26454,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At Push, we’ve been closely tracking the evolution of browser-based attacks. Looking back at 2025, we’ve seen a notable increase in the sophistication and frequency of modern attack techniques methods like ClickFix, commodified phish kits that bypass MFA, malicious browser extensions, and many more. (Writing phish kit teardowns for the Push blog is practically a full-time job now.)",{"data":26456,"content":26457,"nodeType":883},{},[26458],{"data":26459,"marks":26460,"value":26461,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’ll take a look at how real-world attacks and our own research drove the features we delivered for Push customers this year to take the fight to adversaries.",{"data":26463,"content":26464,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":26466,"content":26467,"nodeType":912},{},[26468],{"data":26469,"marks":26470,"value":26471,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting and blocking increasingly sophisticated phishing-as-a-service tools",{"data":26473,"content":26474,"nodeType":921},{},[26475],{"data":26476,"marks":26477,"value":911,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26479,"content":26480,"nodeType":883},{},[26481],{"data":26482,"marks":26483,"value":26484,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The current state of the art for phishing centers on three core developments:",{"data":26486,"content":26487,"nodeType":1526},{},[26488,26517,26558],{"data":26489,"content":26490,"nodeType":1505},{},[26491],{"data":26492,"content":26493,"nodeType":883},{},[26494,26499,26503,26513],{"data":26495,"marks":26496,"value":26498,"nodeType":867},{},[26497],{"type":910},"Detection evasion: ",{"data":26500,"marks":26501,"value":26502,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Adversaries demonstrated a ",{"data":26504,"content":26508,"nodeType":13489},{"target":26505},{"sys":26506},{"id":26507,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4XZ6qCr8pjJvcD7hi09x2Y",[26509],{"data":26510,"marks":26511,"value":26512,"nodeType":867},{},[],"creative array of approaches",{"data":26514,"marks":26515,"value":26516,"nodeType":867},{},[]," this year to hide their intentions from end-users and defenders, using methods such as sending phishing emails from legitimate services; serving phishing pages via malvertising and SEO poisoning; and obfuscating URLs. More sophisticated techniques used page-level obfuscation, cross-domain iframes, single-use links, and legitimate OIDC logins to evade detection and analysis from traditional tools.",{"data":26518,"content":26519,"nodeType":1505},{},[26520],{"data":26521,"content":26522,"nodeType":883},{},[26523,26528,26532,26541,26545,26555],{"data":26524,"marks":26525,"value":26527,"nodeType":867},{},[26526],{"type":910},"Multi-channel delivery of lures:",{"data":26529,"marks":26530,"value":26531,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Adversaries proved the truism of “phishing doesn’t just happen in the mailbox” this year by increasing their observed use of ",{"data":26533,"content":26537,"nodeType":13489},{"target":26534},{"sys":26535},{"id":26536,"type":889,"linkType":890},"72lLmy0CXnOp3LWOdcUguX",[26538],{"data":26539,"marks":26540,"value":441,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26542,"marks":26543,"value":26544,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and SEO poisoning — techniques that place malicious pages within trusted contexts like the Google search engine results page — as well as the use of social media services like LinkedIn to ",{"data":26546,"content":26550,"nodeType":13489},{"target":26547},{"sys":26548},{"id":26549,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2yEhB2gFC2TJDLquVP3cg2",[26551],{"data":26552,"marks":26553,"value":26554,"nodeType":867},{},[],"deliver phishing lures",{"data":26556,"marks":26557,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26559,"content":26560,"nodeType":1505},{},[26561],{"data":26562,"content":26563,"nodeType":883},{},[26564,26569,26573,26583],{"data":26565,"marks":26566,"value":26568,"nodeType":867},{},[26567],{"type":910},"Commodification of phishing toolkits:",{"data":26570,"marks":26571,"value":26572,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) kits have become another SaaS with their own supply chain, including developers of malicious tooling, operators who run the campaigns, and brokers who sell stolen credentials and tokens. The incentives for attackers are clear: quick ROI from targeting workforce identities, and out-of-the-box tools that make it easier to efficiently spin up new campaigns or try new techniques. As with any SaaS offering, the customer (attackers, in this case) benefits from rapid innovations they didn’t have to build. We saw this recently with the ",{"data":26574,"content":26578,"nodeType":13489},{"target":26575},{"sys":26576},{"id":26577,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6QLonRmBzbj9h88Y7jD0LU",[26579],{"data":26580,"marks":26581,"value":26582,"nodeType":867},{},[],"addition of a browser-in-the-browser (BitB) technique",{"data":26584,"marks":26585,"value":26586,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to the phish kit Sneaky2FA — a change that makes it even more effective.",{"data":26588,"content":26589,"nodeType":883},{},[26590,26594,26602],{"data":26591,"marks":26592,"value":26593,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In 2025, Push researchers tracked how each of these developments expanded in scope and sophistication. Check out our ",{"data":26595,"content":26597,"nodeType":878},{"uri":26596},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/",[26598],{"data":26599,"marks":26600,"value":26601,"nodeType":867},{},[],"phishing detection evasion techniques matrix",{"data":26603,"marks":26604,"value":26605,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on Github for more detail. ",{"data":26607,"content":26608,"nodeType":883},{},[26609],{"data":26610,"marks":26611,"value":26612,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The takeaways for security teams?",{"data":26614,"content":26615,"nodeType":1526},{},[26616,26626,26645],{"data":26617,"content":26618,"nodeType":1505},{},[26619],{"data":26620,"content":26621,"nodeType":883},{},[26622],{"data":26623,"marks":26624,"value":26625,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can’t block your way to safety when adversaries are using the same legitimate apps that your employees use.",{"data":26627,"content":26628,"nodeType":1505},{},[26629],{"data":26630,"content":26631,"nodeType":883},{},[26632,26636,26641],{"data":26633,"marks":26634,"value":26635,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similarly, while end-user training is important, it’s not reasonable to expect employees to know when a SharePoint document link is malicious when it looks identical to the ones they trust every day — because adversaries ",{"data":26637,"marks":26638,"value":26640,"nodeType":867},{},[26639],{"type":2278},"are using the legitimate service",{"data":26642,"marks":26643,"value":26644,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Push researchers have observed the abuse of hundreds of legitimate services in phishing attacks this year.",{"data":26646,"content":26647,"nodeType":1505},{},[26648],{"data":26649,"content":26650,"nodeType":883},{},[26651],{"data":26652,"marks":26653,"value":26654,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security solutions need to be able to analyze real-time context and behavior, not rely solely on inferences from secondary characteristics like domain reputation.",{"data":26656,"content":26657,"nodeType":883},{},[26658],{"data":26659,"marks":26660,"value":26661,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here's what we built to help defend organizations.",{"data":26663,"content":26664,"nodeType":921},{},[26665],{"data":26666,"marks":26667,"value":26668,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What we built",{"data":26670,"content":26671,"nodeType":883},{},[26672],{"data":26673,"marks":26674,"value":26675,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The feature we built in 2025 that gave us unique insight into these TTPs is Push’s Detections capability. With Detections, you can:",{"data":26677,"content":26678,"nodeType":1526},{},[26679,26689,26699],{"data":26680,"content":26681,"nodeType":1505},{},[26682],{"data":26683,"content":26684,"nodeType":883},{},[26685],{"data":26686,"marks":26687,"value":26688,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get alerted when Push detects a browser-based attack, and see how the Push agent responded to block the attack. The platform provides a front-end view for quick triage, and you can also pipe the detection events to your SIEM or other platform of choice.",{"data":26690,"content":26691,"nodeType":1505},{},[26692],{"data":26693,"content":26694,"nodeType":883},{},[26695],{"data":26696,"marks":26697,"value":26698,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Review a timeline of the incident: Where a phishing link originated; whether a user entered their credentials; what kind of phishkit was detected; and how Push responded (configurable based on your environment).",{"data":26700,"content":26701,"nodeType":1505},{},[26702],{"data":26703,"content":26704,"nodeType":883},{},[26705],{"data":26706,"marks":26707,"value":26708,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get actionable telemetry and metadata about an incident, including a screenshot of the malicious page to see exactly what the user saw; intel about the involved domains, including when they were registered and if they’ve been scanned by urlscan before; and the blast radius of an attack, including other apps that shared a password with the potentially compromised account",{"data":26710,"content":26714,"nodeType":892},{"target":26711},{"sys":26712},{"id":26713,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5dygPaG3Gfw4Yeicffv6tV",[],{"data":26716,"content":26717,"nodeType":883},{},[26718,26722,26727,26730,26735,26738,26743],{"data":26719,"marks":26720,"value":26721,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This telemetry — combined with Push’s out-of-the-box controls like ",{"data":26723,"marks":26724,"value":26726,"nodeType":867},{},[26725],{"type":910},"Phishing tool detection",{"data":26728,"marks":26729,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26731,"marks":26732,"value":26734,"nodeType":867},{},[26733],{"type":910},"Cloned login page detection",{"data":26736,"marks":26737,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26739,"marks":26740,"value":26742,"nodeType":867},{},[26741],{"type":910},"Malicious copy and paste detection",{"data":26744,"marks":26745,"value":26746,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (aka ClickFix detection) — give you a seat on the user’s side of the equation, capturing real-time information about what users did and the TTPs of an attack so you can investigate and respond efficiently and confidently.",{"data":26748,"content":26752,"nodeType":892},{"target":26749},{"sys":26750},{"id":26751,"type":889,"linkType":890},"563fJFSgoLDOwSXSQ9Y0MM",[],{"data":26754,"content":26755,"nodeType":883},{},[26756],{"data":26757,"marks":26758,"value":26759,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With the visibility provided by this telemetry across Push’s install base, our R&D and Product teams have rapidly iterated all year on our detections to increase coverage and respond quickly to newly identified attack types.",{"data":26761,"content":26762,"nodeType":883},{},[26763],{"data":26764,"marks":26765,"value":26766,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This year, we also released:",{"data":26768,"content":26769,"nodeType":1526},{},[26770,26780,26790],{"data":26771,"content":26772,"nodeType":1505},{},[26773],{"data":26774,"content":26775,"nodeType":883},{},[26776],{"data":26777,"marks":26778,"value":26779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detections for new variants of cloned login pages and AiTM phish kits.",{"data":26781,"content":26782,"nodeType":1505},{},[26783],{"data":26784,"content":26785,"nodeType":883},{},[26786],{"data":26787,"marks":26788,"value":26789,"nodeType":867},{},[],"12+ pre-release detections focused on flagging emerging attacker techniques.",{"data":26791,"content":26792,"nodeType":1505},{},[26793],{"data":26794,"content":26795,"nodeType":883},{},[26796],{"data":26797,"marks":26798,"value":26799,"nodeType":867},{},[],"7+ first-class SIEM and SOAR integrations, to make it simpler to ingest Push telemetry and operationalize it.",{"data":26801,"content":26802,"nodeType":883},{},[26803,26807,26817],{"data":26804,"marks":26805,"value":26806,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Learn more about Push’s detections features in our ",{"data":26808,"content":26812,"nodeType":13489},{"target":26809},{"sys":26810},{"id":26811,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6OFdfAsoPUECeRAetWvedp",[26813],{"data":26814,"marks":26815,"value":26816,"nodeType":867},{},[],"blog article",{"data":26818,"marks":26819,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26821,"content":26822,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":26824,"content":26825,"nodeType":912},{},[26826],{"data":26827,"marks":26828,"value":26829,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting and blocking ClickFix-style malicious copy and paste attacks",{"data":26831,"content":26832,"nodeType":921},{},[26833],{"data":26834,"marks":26835,"value":911,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26837,"content":26838,"nodeType":883},{},[26839,26843,26851,26855,26863],{"data":26840,"marks":26841,"value":26842,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ClickFix-style attacks left their mark in 2025, quickly becoming one of the most prevalent attack techniques — with ",{"data":26844,"content":26846,"nodeType":878},{"uri":26845},"https://www.scworld.com/news/clickfix-phishing-links-increased-nearly-400-in-12-months-report-says",[26847],{"data":26848,"marks":26849,"value":26850,"nodeType":867},{},[],"estimates",{"data":26852,"marks":26853,"value":26854,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of a 400 percent year-over-year increase, and another ",{"data":26856,"content":26858,"nodeType":878},{"uri":26857},"https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/threat-reports/eset-threat-report-h12025.pdf",[26859],{"data":26860,"marks":26861,"value":26862,"nodeType":867},{},[],"report",{"data":26864,"marks":26865,"value":26866,"nodeType":867},{},[]," documenting a 517 percent growth in just the last 6 months of the year.",{"data":26868,"content":26869,"nodeType":883},{},[26870],{"data":26871,"marks":26872,"value":26873,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is ClickFix? This attack technique prompts the user to solve some kind of problem or troubleshooting step in the browser — often presented as a CAPTCHA challenge. The key aspect of the attack is that it tricks users into running malicious commands on their device by copying malicious code from the page clipboard and running it locally. (The copy typically occurs  automatically via the page itself, but can also be performed manually by the user.)",{"data":26875,"content":26876,"nodeType":883},{},[26877],{"data":26878,"marks":26879,"value":26880,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These malicious copy and paste attacks are often used to deliver infostealer malware or remote access software, with the attacker’s end goal being stealing session cookies and credentials to facilitate attacks on business apps.",{"data":26882,"content":26883,"nodeType":883},{},[26884],{"data":26885,"marks":26886,"value":26887,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What’s especially challenging about this attack type is that it usually can only be detected after the fact — when a machine is already compromised, or malicious code attempts to execute (if EDR catches it). Even if it is detected, security teams are left flying blind when they try to determine the initial vector for the attack, and which other users might have been targeted.",{"data":26889,"content":26890,"nodeType":921},{},[26891],{"data":26892,"marks":26893,"value":26668,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26895,"content":26896,"nodeType":883},{},[26897],{"data":26898,"marks":26899,"value":26900,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because of our position in the browser, Push is uniquely positioned to detect and block browser-native attacks like ClickFix and other forms of malicious copy and paste techniques. So that’s what we built.",{"data":26902,"content":26906,"nodeType":892},{"target":26903},{"sys":26904},{"id":26905,"type":889,"linkType":890},"56jVT7dbNqUGiSRTfTCQw2",[],{"data":26908,"content":26909,"nodeType":883},{},[26910,26914,26918],{"data":26911,"marks":26912,"value":26913,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With our ",{"data":26915,"marks":26916,"value":26742,"nodeType":867},{},[26917],{"type":910},{"data":26919,"marks":26920,"value":26921,"nodeType":867},{},[],", you can:",{"data":26923,"content":26924,"nodeType":1526},{},[26925,26935,26945,26955],{"data":26926,"content":26927,"nodeType":1505},{},[26928],{"data":26929,"content":26930,"nodeType":883},{},[26931],{"data":26932,"marks":26933,"value":26934,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect ClickFix-style attacks as soon as they target end-users, regardless of the delivery channel for the lure, or the specifics of the malware type and execution.",{"data":26936,"content":26937,"nodeType":1505},{},[26938],{"data":26939,"content":26940,"nodeType":883},{},[26941],{"data":26942,"marks":26943,"value":26944,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Block these attacks before the malicious code is copied to the clipboard.",{"data":26946,"content":26947,"nodeType":1505},{},[26948],{"data":26949,"content":26950,"nodeType":883},{},[26951],{"data":26952,"marks":26953,"value":26954,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Safely collect the payload for further investigation by your security team, and replace the clipboard contents with safe text as part of the blocking action.",{"data":26956,"content":26957,"nodeType":1505},{},[26958],{"data":26959,"content":26960,"nodeType":883},{},[26961],{"data":26962,"marks":26963,"value":26964,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Capture a detailed timeline of events to see how users were targeted and how the attack unfolded.",{"data":26966,"content":26970,"nodeType":892},{"target":26967},{"sys":26968},{"id":26969,"type":889,"linkType":890},"sALkMt8UbTZ2f34hKvGLj",[],{"data":26972,"content":26973,"nodeType":883},{},[26974,26978,26987],{"data":26975,"marks":26976,"value":26977,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Learn more about ClickFix detection in our ",{"data":26979,"content":26982,"nodeType":13489},{"target":26980},{"sys":26981},{"id":13991,"type":889,"linkType":890},[26983],{"data":26984,"marks":26985,"value":26986,"nodeType":867},{},[],"documentation",{"data":26988,"marks":26989,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":26991,"content":26992,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":26994,"content":26995,"nodeType":912},{},[26996],{"data":26997,"marks":26998,"value":26999,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Getting ahead of breaches tied to stolen credentials and ghost logins",{"data":27001,"content":27002,"nodeType":921},{},[27003],{"data":27004,"marks":27005,"value":911,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":27007,"content":27008,"nodeType":883},{},[27009,27013,27023],{"data":27010,"marks":27011,"value":27012,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Starting in November 2024 and continuing through July 2025, adversaries linked to the HELLCAT threat group compromised Jira tenants belonging to 10 organizations using ",{"data":27014,"content":27018,"nodeType":13489},{"target":27015},{"sys":27016},{"id":27017,"type":889,"linkType":890},"gANCbeL9AnxmbGAE5HhyG",[27019],{"data":27020,"marks":27021,"value":27022,"nodeType":867},{},[],"stolen credentials",{"data":27024,"marks":27025,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":27027,"content":27028,"nodeType":883},{},[27029],{"data":27030,"marks":27031,"value":27032,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Business-critical applications like Jira are prime targets for attackers, who in this case dumped valuable data and then held it for ransom (or sold it on criminal marketplaces). Of course, this isn’t just a problem for Jira — data from Push’s initial deployment into customer environments shows that lots of critical apps lack basic controls like strong passwords and MFA.",{"data":27034,"content":27035,"nodeType":883},{},[27036,27040,27048,27052,27058],{"data":27037,"marks":27038,"value":27039,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The evolving threat group known as ",{"data":27041,"content":27044,"nodeType":13489},{"target":27042},{"sys":27043},{"id":6892,"type":889,"linkType":890},[27045],{"data":27046,"marks":27047,"value":2171,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":27049,"marks":27050,"value":27051,"nodeType":867},{},[]," has also embraced the use of stolen creds, session cookies, and unprotected local account logins — aka ",{"data":27053,"content":27054,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[27055],{"data":27056,"marks":27057,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":27059,"marks":27060,"value":27061,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — to compromise large organizations.",{"data":27063,"content":27064,"nodeType":883},{},[27065,27069,27079],{"data":27066,"marks":27067,"value":27068,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In 2025, Red Hat’s GitLab instance was compromised due to a local account that essentially provided a backdoor to an otherwise secure and SSO-connected account — an attack reminiscent of the ",{"data":27070,"content":27074,"nodeType":13489},{"target":27071},{"sys":27072},{"id":27073,"type":889,"linkType":890},"PAPJPr3CIB6J20udYyy1r",[27075],{"data":27076,"marks":27077,"value":27078,"nodeType":867},{},[],"2024 Snowflake breach",{"data":27080,"marks":27081,"value":27082,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which targeted local logins that lacked MFA.",{"data":27084,"content":27085,"nodeType":921},{},[27086],{"data":27087,"marks":27088,"value":26668,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":27090,"content":27091,"nodeType":883},{},[27092,27096,27106],{"data":27093,"marks":27094,"value":27095,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push already provided the ability to detect stolen credentials being actively used by employees in your organization with our ",{"data":27097,"content":27101,"nodeType":13489},{"target":27098},{"sys":27099},{"id":27100,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6vCr4d3R1XA1E8dU883l7N",[27102],{"data":27103,"marks":27104,"value":27105,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stolen credential detection control",{"data":27107,"marks":27108,"value":27109,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This provides an early-warning signal when Push finds a match between credentials for sale on criminal forums with those still being used by your employees, reducing some 99.5% of false positives we usually see with TI feed data.",{"data":27111,"content":27112,"nodeType":883},{},[27113],{"data":27114,"marks":27115,"value":27116,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With Push, you can also identify where employees are logging in with passwords on apps that otherwise should be using SAML, OIDC, or some other federated mechanism — aka the ghost login vulnerability.",{"data":27118,"content":27119,"nodeType":883},{},[27120],{"data":27121,"marks":27122,"value":27123,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This year, we made it easier for security teams to enforce two security fundamentals that help harden accounts and reduce the risk of ATO, even on unmanaged apps:",{"data":27125,"content":27126,"nodeType":1526},{},[27127,27156],{"data":27128,"content":27129,"nodeType":1505},{},[27130],{"data":27131,"content":27132,"nodeType":883},{},[27133,27138,27142,27152],{"data":27134,"marks":27135,"value":27137,"nodeType":867},{},[27136],{"type":910},"Strong password enforcement:",{"data":27139,"marks":27140,"value":27141,"nodeType":867},{},[]," With this control, you can prompt end-users to ",{"data":27143,"content":27147,"nodeType":13489},{"target":27144},{"sys":27145},{"id":27146,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5aB5x5VXrMv7PDmH0iiK0c",[27148],{"data":27149,"marks":27150,"value":27151,"nodeType":867},{},[],"fix an insecure password",{"data":27153,"marks":27154,"value":27155,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on all your workforce apps, even the ones you don’t centrally manage. ",{"data":27157,"content":27158,"nodeType":1505},{},[27159],{"data":27160,"content":27161,"nodeType":883},{},[27162,27167,27170,27180],{"data":27163,"marks":27164,"value":27166,"nodeType":867},{},[27165],{"type":910},"MFA enforcement:",{"data":27168,"marks":27169,"value":27141,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":27171,"content":27175,"nodeType":13489},{"target":27172},{"sys":27173},{"id":27174,"type":889,"linkType":890},"wikyVxlHwKUOKM9xo19eP",[27176],{"data":27177,"marks":27178,"value":27179,"nodeType":867},{},[],"register for MFA",{"data":27181,"marks":27182,"value":27183,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where Push detects it’s missing — again, even on unmanaged apps.",{"data":27185,"content":27186,"nodeType":883},{},[27187],{"data":27188,"marks":27189,"value":27190,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Both of these controls use in-browser banners to provide point-in-time guidance to users when they’re most likely to see it and act on it.",{"data":27192,"content":27196,"nodeType":892},{"target":27193},{"sys":27194},{"id":27195,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3XH0hnnhcZNI47PhdiD4q0",[],{"data":27198,"content":27199,"nodeType":883},{},[27200,27204,27208],{"data":27201,"marks":27202,"value":27203,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To address the pattern of adversaries moving from targeting hardened core apps such as identity providers to the likes of GitLab, Postman, Jira, and others containing valuable corporate data, we also expanded one of the Push platform’s core security controls called ",{"data":27205,"marks":27206,"value":14378,"nodeType":867},{},[27207],{"type":910},{"data":27209,"marks":27210,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":27212,"content":27213,"nodeType":883},{},[27214,27217,27221],{"data":27215,"marks":27216,"value":2227,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":27218,"marks":27219,"value":14378,"nodeType":867},{},[27220],{"type":910},{"data":27222,"marks":27223,"value":27224,"nodeType":867},{},[]," control previously could be applied only to IdP passwords, allowing you to essentially “pin” the credential for those systems so that it could never be entered on a phishing page or reused on any other app. ",{"data":27226,"content":27227,"nodeType":883},{},[27228,27232,27241],{"data":27229,"marks":27230,"value":27231,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We expanded that control to allow you to ",{"data":27233,"content":27236,"nodeType":13489},{"target":27234},{"sys":27235},{"id":14180,"type":889,"linkType":890},[27237],{"data":27238,"marks":27239,"value":27240,"nodeType":867},{},[],"protect passwords on any valuable app",{"data":27242,"marks":27243,"value":27244,"nodeType":867},{},[],", preventing account takeover through phished creds and reducing the blast radius of attacks when a compromised account has been reusing passwords on multiple applications.",{"data":27246,"content":27250,"nodeType":892},{"target":27247},{"sys":27248},{"id":27249,"type":889,"linkType":890},"74l82HIeaumFX4u9AMjj79",[],{"data":27252,"content":27253,"nodeType":883},{},[27254,27258,27268],{"data":27255,"marks":27256,"value":27257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push also now gives you visibility into where employees are ",{"data":27259,"content":27263,"nodeType":13489},{"target":27260},{"sys":27261},{"id":27262,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7uLeQ9twNl5RyNaWkkJNjd",[27264],{"data":27265,"marks":27266,"value":27267,"nodeType":867},{},[],"syncing their corporate browser profile",{"data":27269,"marks":27270,"value":27271,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to a personal profile, raising the risk of syncing corporate passwords to unmanaged devices — another vector for credential harvesting if those endpoints become compromised.",{"data":27273,"content":27274,"nodeType":883},{},[27275],{"data":27276,"marks":27277,"value":27278,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And of course, underlying all these features is the foundational visibility of all your apps, accounts, account vulnerabilities, and login methods that Push provides.",{"data":27280,"content":27281,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":27283,"content":27284,"nodeType":912},{},[27285],{"data":27286,"marks":27287,"value":27288,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Blocking malicious browser extensions",{"data":27290,"content":27291,"nodeType":921},{},[27292],{"data":27293,"marks":27294,"value":911,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":27296,"content":27297,"nodeType":883},{},[27298],{"data":27299,"marks":27300,"value":27301,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Getting visibility and control over all the browser extensions used across your workforce has long been a thorny problem for security teams. 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",{"id":19660,"publishedAt":28427},"2026-08-12T11:53:16.417Z",{"items":28429},[28430,28432],{"sys":28431,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":28433,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":28435},[28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460,28462,28464,28466,28468],{"sys":28437,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":28439,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":28441,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":28443,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":28445,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":28447,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45},{"id":647},{"sys":28449,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":28451,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":28453,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":28455,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":28457,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":28459,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":28461,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":28463,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":28465,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":28467,"name":537,"slug":538,"tier":45},{"id":534},{"sys":28469,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},"nlrbqqJFVIlz8E8KpfsQufXY-yj--6GLH62nM04r1CY",{"id":28472,"title":28473,"authorsCollection":28474,"content":28479,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":29120,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":29122,"metaTitle":29123,"ogImage":59,"postType":1665,"publishedDate":29124,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":29125,"slug":31234,"stem":31235,"subtitle":59,"summary":31236,"synopsis":31246,"sys":31247,"tagsCollection":31250,"topicsCollection":31256,"__hash__":31284},"blog/blog/cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis.json","How cyber criminals power malvertising scams with stolen accounts",{"items":28475},[28476],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"socialLinks":28477,"profilePicture":28478},[8558],{"url":2541},{"json":28480,"links":28964},{"data":28481,"content":28482,"nodeType":1569},{},[28483,28490,28497,28567,28570,28578,28585,28592,28599,28606,28609,28616,28631,28638,28645,28711,28718,28724,28731,28737,28740,28748,28755,28762,28769,28776,28782,28785,28793,28800,28807,28814,28843,28850,28856,28859,28867,28874,28881,28888,28891,28899,28906,28913,28920,28926,28953,28958],{"data":28484,"content":28485,"nodeType":883},{},[28486],{"data":28487,"marks":28488,"value":28489,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In recent months, we’ve seen a significant increase in the number of attacks targeting ad manager accounts. These attacks range from phishing campaigns against marketing professionals to malicious sites impersonating legitimate marketing tools — ultimately serving up an Attacker-in-the-Middle (AITM) phishing page designed to steal the victim’s Google account. ",{"data":28491,"content":28492,"nodeType":883},{},[28493],{"data":28494,"marks":28495,"value":28496,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most recently, we reported on:",{"data":28498,"content":28499,"nodeType":1526},{},[28500,28523,28546],{"data":28501,"content":28502,"nodeType":1505},{},[28503],{"data":28504,"content":28505,"nodeType":883},{},[28506,28510,28519],{"data":28507,"marks":28508,"value":28509,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A campaign running ",{"data":28511,"content":28513,"nodeType":878},{"uri":28512},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-malvertising-attack-targeting-business-google-accounts/",[28514],{"data":28515,"marks":28516,"value":28518,"nodeType":867},{},[28517],{"type":876},"fake malvertising ads for “Google Ads”",{"data":28520,"marks":28521,"value":28522,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in Google Search. ",{"data":28524,"content":28525,"nodeType":1505},{},[28526],{"data":28527,"content":28528,"nodeType":883},{},[28529,28533,28542],{"data":28530,"marks":28531,"value":28532,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A campaign using sophisticated ",{"data":28534,"content":28536,"nodeType":878},{"uri":28535},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/uncovering-a-calendly-themed-phishing-campaign/",[28537],{"data":28538,"marks":28539,"value":28541,"nodeType":867},{},[28540],{"type":876},"Calendly-themed phishing lures",{"data":28543,"marks":28544,"value":28545,"nodeType":867},{},[]," targeting marketing professionals.",{"data":28547,"content":28548,"nodeType":1505},{},[28549],{"data":28550,"content":28551,"nodeType":883},{},[28552,28556,28564],{"data":28553,"marks":28554,"value":28555,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A continuation of the Google Ads malvertising campaign, ",{"data":28557,"content":28559,"nodeType":878},{"uri":28558},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/google-search-malvertising-campaign-continues-now-impersonating-ahrefs",[28560],{"data":28561,"marks":28562,"value":28563,"nodeType":867},{},[],"this time impersonating Ahrefs",{"data":28565,"marks":28566,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":28568,"content":28569,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":28571,"content":28572,"nodeType":912},{},[28573],{"data":28574,"marks":28575,"value":28577,"nodeType":867},{},[28576],{"type":910},"Why are attackers targeting ad manager accounts?",{"data":28579,"content":28580,"nodeType":883},{},[28581],{"data":28582,"marks":28583,"value":28584,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ad Manager accounts on platforms like Google, Facebook, and LinkedIn have become lucrative targets for cybercriminals. By compromising these accounts, attackers can exploit the digital advertising ecosystem in various ways for financial gain. ",{"data":28586,"content":28587,"nodeType":883},{},[28588],{"data":28589,"marks":28590,"value":28591,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The ad industry’s scale makes it attractive to fraud. Estimates suggest digital ad fraud cost advertisers tens of billions, potentially nearing $100 billion or more, with projections reaching $172 billion by 2028.",{"data":28593,"content":28594,"nodeType":883},{},[28595],{"data":28596,"marks":28597,"value":28598,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A hijacked Google Ad Manager account gives attackers access to significant ad spend and account data which can be monetized. The tactics range from stealthy ad fraud to overt abuse like malicious ads or extortion schemes.",{"data":28600,"content":28601,"nodeType":883},{},[28602],{"data":28603,"marks":28604,"value":28605,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s how attackers can profit from a compromised ad manager account — and how it impacts your business. ",{"data":28607,"content":28608,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":28610,"content":28611,"nodeType":921},{},[28612],{"data":28613,"marks":28614,"value":440,"nodeType":867},{},[28615],{"type":910},{"data":28617,"content":28618,"nodeType":883},{},[28619,28623,28627],{"data":28620,"marks":28621,"value":28622,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Arguably the most dangerous use of a compromised ad manager account is to conduct ",{"data":28624,"marks":28625,"value":441,"nodeType":867},{},[28626],{"type":910},{"data":28628,"marks":28629,"value":28630,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – inserting malicious ads or redirects in place of legitimate advertisements. ",{"data":28632,"content":28633,"nodeType":883},{},[28634],{"data":28635,"marks":28636,"value":28637,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malvertising scams happen across lots of different sites, but the most common platform we see targeted is Google Search. This takes advantage of users browsing to find a website and clicking the first link that appears — in this case a fake sponsored link taking you to the attacker’s page. ",{"data":28639,"content":28640,"nodeType":883},{},[28641],{"data":28642,"marks":28643,"value":28644,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The goal here is usually to compromise more devices and accounts, via:",{"data":28646,"content":28647,"nodeType":1526},{},[28648,28658,28668,28701],{"data":28649,"content":28650,"nodeType":1505},{},[28651],{"data":28652,"content":28653,"nodeType":883},{},[28654],{"data":28655,"marks":28656,"value":28657,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AITM phishing sites looking to hijack sessions on valuable accounts — usually enterprise SSO accounts such as Google or Microsoft, but also many high-value SaaS services, as well as logins for banking and cryptocurrency sites.. ",{"data":28659,"content":28660,"nodeType":1505},{},[28661],{"data":28662,"content":28663,"nodeType":883},{},[28664],{"data":28665,"marks":28666,"value":28667,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Deploying infostealer malware, harvesting credentials and user sessions from the compromised device to enable broad access to apps via compromised accounts. ",{"data":28669,"content":28670,"nodeType":1505},{},[28671],{"data":28672,"content":28673,"nodeType":883},{},[28674,28678,28685,28689,28697],{"data":28675,"marks":28676,"value":28677,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Running ",{"data":28679,"content":28680,"nodeType":878},{"uri":13621},[28681],{"data":28682,"marks":28683,"value":315,"nodeType":867},{},[28684],{"type":876},{"data":28686,"marks":28687,"value":28688,"nodeType":867},{},[],"-style social engineering scams prompting users to perform a malicious action (typically running code on their device, although a new browser-native version of this attack in the form of ",{"data":28690,"content":28691,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1963},[28692],{"data":28693,"marks":28694,"value":28696,"nodeType":867},{},[28695],{"type":876},"ConsentFix ",{"data":28698,"marks":28699,"value":28700,"nodeType":867},{},[],"was recently discovered by Push researchers).",{"data":28702,"content":28703,"nodeType":1505},{},[28704],{"data":28705,"content":28706,"nodeType":883},{},[28707],{"data":28708,"marks":28709,"value":28710,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infecting machines with malicious software to siphon compute power for cryptomining or adding the device to a botnet used in DDOS attacks. ",{"data":28712,"content":28713,"nodeType":883},{},[28714],{"data":28715,"marks":28716,"value":28717,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Harvested data can be used by the attacker directly to conduct cyber attacks, but is more commonly sold on to other criminals further up the supply chain. So, attackers are using compromised ad accounts, to take over more accounts used to manage ads, to take over even more accounts… You can see how this can quickly snowball into something hugely profitable for attackers. ",{"data":28719,"content":28723,"nodeType":892},{"target":28720},{"sys":28721},{"id":28722,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1Ji0oUqCZvgmQIT2VWNgjQ",[],{"data":28725,"content":28726,"nodeType":883},{},[28727],{"data":28728,"marks":28729,"value":28730,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malvertising scams don’t just target ad manager accounts either. They can be found targeting all manner of sites. But all malvertising scams are underpinned by ad spending — so it makes sense that attackers are looking to harvest account access and make use of the pre-allocated marketing spend of their victims. ",{"data":28732,"content":28736,"nodeType":892},{"target":28733},{"sys":28734},{"id":28735,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7qpSbkJxLeo7zD400cvQyv",[],{"data":28738,"content":28739,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":28741,"content":28742,"nodeType":921},{},[28743],{"data":28744,"marks":28745,"value":28747,"nodeType":867},{},[28746],{"type":910},"Ad fraud",{"data":28749,"content":28750,"nodeType":883},{},[28751],{"data":28752,"marks":28753,"value":28754,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the most common motives for hacking ad accounts is ad fraud – generating fake ad impressions or clicks to illicitly collect advertising revenue. By hijacking a Google Ad Manager account, criminals can direct the account’s ad spend to their own fraudulent web pages.",{"data":28756,"content":28757,"nodeType":883},{},[28758],{"data":28759,"marks":28760,"value":28761,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When a Google Ads/Ad Manager account is compromised, attackers can create new campaigns or modify existing ones. By directing traffic to websites the criminals control (often low quality sites made specifically for advertising) the victim’s ad budget can be funnelled into the attackers’ pockets as ad revenue.",{"data":28763,"content":28764,"nodeType":883},{},[28765],{"data":28766,"marks":28767,"value":28768,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The hijacked ad accounts provide a means to introduce fraudulent traffic into legitimate ad ecosystems, often escaping immediate detection thanks to the account’s established trust or high spending thresholds. For example, a compromised account with a large budget can run thousands of ads pointing to fraudulent sites before being flagged. ",{"data":28770,"content":28771,"nodeType":883},{},[28772],{"data":28773,"marks":28774,"value":28775,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is often abused as a channel for money laundering. An attacker can inject dirty money into the ad ecosystem (for example, using a compromised advertiser account’s billing) and then receive clean money out the other end (as payments to a publisher or ad partner account they control). ",{"data":28777,"content":28781,"nodeType":892},{"target":28778},{"sys":28779},{"id":28780,"type":889,"linkType":890},"21ryRzAB91llJXOVlkdiv5",[],{"data":28783,"content":28784,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":28786,"content":28787,"nodeType":921},{},[28788],{"data":28789,"marks":28790,"value":28792,"nodeType":867},{},[28791],{"type":910},"Selling or sharing access with other criminal groups ",{"data":28794,"content":28795,"nodeType":883},{},[28796],{"data":28797,"marks":28798,"value":28799,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stolen advertising accounts themselves have become a commodity in the underground economy. Instead of (or in addition to) exploiting the account personally, a hacker might sell access to the compromised Ad Manager account on criminal forums. ",{"data":28801,"content":28802,"nodeType":883},{},[28803],{"data":28804,"marks":28805,"value":28806,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is strong demand for reputable ad accounts because they come with advantages: high spending limits, established credit card billing, a history of compliance (making them less likely to be flagged by Google’s fraud detection), and existing relationships with ad networks or clients. In other words, a hijacked account is a ready-made vehicle for anyone looking to run malicious ad campaigns without going through the usual vetting.",{"data":28808,"content":28809,"nodeType":883},{},[28810],{"data":28811,"marks":28812,"value":28813,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Access to a Google Ads account (especially one with a good track record or high credit threshold) can fetch a significant price in criminal markets. Compromised Google ad accounts have shown up for sale on hacker forums and darknet markets, often advertised with details like the account’s age, billing history, or spend limit. For example, a hacker on one forum might sell or rent a “2-year-old Google Ads account with $50k monthly spend history” for a price commensurate with its potential yield.",{"data":28815,"content":28816,"nodeType":883},{},[28817,28821,28830,28834,28839],{"data":28818,"marks":28819,"value":28820,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The previously mentioned ",{"data":28822,"content":28824,"nodeType":878},{"uri":28823},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/vietnamese-actors-fake-job-posting-campaigns",[28825],{"data":28826,"marks":28827,"value":28829,"nodeType":867},{},[28828],{"type":876},"Vietnamese threat group",{"data":28831,"marks":28832,"value":28833,"nodeType":867},{},[]," would ",{"data":28835,"marks":28836,"value":28838,"nodeType":867},{},[28837],{"type":910},"“either sell ads to other actors, or sell the accounts themselves to other actors to monetize”",{"data":28840,"marks":28841,"value":28842,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This means an attacker could use a compromised account as a platform to sell fraudulent ad placements (e.g. “pay us and we’ll run your ads via this legitimate account for X days”). If not, they just sell the whole account login to the highest bidder.",{"data":28844,"content":28845,"nodeType":883},{},[28846],{"data":28847,"marks":28848,"value":28849,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s also worth noting that a Google Ad Manager account is also an enterprise SSO account that can be used to access broader Google Workspace services, and any SaaS apps accessible via SSO. ",{"data":28851,"content":28855,"nodeType":892},{"target":28852},{"sys":28853},{"id":28854,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1RrDk0VMWNGwPPEc8wIZWM",[],{"data":28857,"content":28858,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":28860,"content":28861,"nodeType":921},{},[28862],{"data":28863,"marks":28864,"value":28866,"nodeType":867},{},[28865],{"type":910},"Data theft and extortion",{"data":28868,"content":28869,"nodeType":883},{},[28870],{"data":28871,"marks":28872,"value":28873,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most ad accounts contain valuable data – like audience lists, conversion data, or payment info. Attackers could exfiltrate this data and extort the victim by threatening to leak it or sell it (though this borders on a data breach scenario, it’s another way to extort via an ad account hack, especially for large advertising agencies handling many clients’ data).",{"data":28875,"content":28876,"nodeType":883},{},[28877],{"data":28878,"marks":28879,"value":28880,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An attacker might also threaten to manipulate the account in ways that hurt the victim financially. For instance, they could create fake campaigns that burn through the budget on useless traffic (driving up costs with nothing to show, or even causing overcharges). They could also threaten to click-bomb the victim’s ads (if it’s an advertiser account) so that Google’s systems detect invalid activity and suspend the account. ",{"data":28882,"content":28883,"nodeType":883},{},[28884],{"data":28885,"marks":28886,"value":28887,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For the victim, the cost of reputational damage or lost advertising time can far exceed the ransom demand, which is why some might contemplate paying. A large brand could lose consumer confidence or partner relationships if their ads serve malware for even a short time. Agencies managing several client ad accounts could face client complaints and legal liability if an attack spreads offensive ads via their accounts – such agencies have noted the “serious financial threats” and client dissatisfaction resulting from ad account breaches.",{"data":28889,"content":28890,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":28892,"content":28893,"nodeType":912},{},[28894],{"data":28895,"marks":28896,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[28897],{"type":910},"Conclusion",{"data":28900,"content":28901,"nodeType":883},{},[28902],{"data":28903,"marks":28904,"value":28905,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pretty much every enterprise today advertises their services via Google ads — this makes attacks on these accounts a unanimous problem. Agencies managing numerous client accounts are put further at risk. For example, if an attacker can compromise an MCC account (used to manage several ad accounts) they get full access to the agency’s customer portfolio. ",{"data":28907,"content":28908,"nodeType":883},{},[28909],{"data":28910,"marks":28911,"value":28912,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organisations need to be on guard against both attacks on accounts used to manage ads, and malvertising in general — which is an incredibly prevalent threat and one of the top delivery vectors for phishing attacks today. Malvertising attacks delivered over channels like Google Search are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. ",{"data":28914,"content":28915,"nodeType":883},{},[28916],{"data":28917,"marks":28918,"value":28919,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s a tendency to see malvertising as a more random attack, but Google Ads can be tuned to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. Even more precise ad targeting can be achieved on social media platforms. ",{"data":28921,"content":28925,"nodeType":892},{"target":28922},{"sys":28923},{"id":28924,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3VJGhlTaAAOyJckK2yUfZd",[],{"data":28927,"content":28928,"nodeType":883},{},[28929,28933,28940,28943,28950],{"data":28930,"marks":28931,"value":28932,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To learn more about how Push tackles browser-based threats, ",{"data":28934,"content":28935,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[28936],{"data":28937,"marks":28938,"value":6847,"nodeType":867},{},[28939],{"type":876},{"data":28941,"marks":28942,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":28944,"content":28945,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[28946],{"data":28947,"marks":28948,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[28949],{"type":876},{"data":28951,"marks":28952,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":28954,"content":28957,"nodeType":892},{"target":28955},{"sys":28956},{"id":26262,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":28959,"content":28960,"nodeType":883},{},[28961],{"data":28962,"marks":28963,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":28965},{"hyperlink":28966,"inline":28967,"block":28968},[],[],[28969,28975,28989,29067,29101,29115],{"sys":28970,"__typename":1584,"title":28971,"caption":28972,"layoutMode":59,"file":28973},{"id":28722},"Propagation of malvertising","It’s easy to see how malicious ads can propagate and turn into more malicious ads, leading to more campaigns impersonating more brands, more account compromises, and so on. ",{"url":28974,"width":1602,"height":25453},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3iUNORa8hHXi68kZAsFxi8/1a742458ae768bc14a1ba1f6cf26de41/image1.png",{"sys":28976,"__typename":1636,"content":28977,"name":28988,"title":59},{"id":28735},{"json":28978},{"nodeType":1569,"data":28979,"content":28980},{},[28981],{"nodeType":883,"data":28982,"content":28983},{},[28984],{"nodeType":867,"value":28985,"marks":28986,"data":28987},"Large enterprises spend vast amounts on Google Ads, often starting at $20,000+ per month, with major brands sometimes spending $40 to $50 million annually, depending heavily on their competitive industry. So, there’s a lot to play with for an attacker — and it might be some time before a discrepancy is noticed by the victim. ",[],{},"Malvertising insight box 4",{"sys":28990,"__typename":1636,"content":28991,"name":29066,"title":59},{"id":28780},{"json":28992},{"nodeType":1569,"data":28993,"content":28994},{},[28995,29023],{"nodeType":883,"data":28996,"content":28997},{},[28998,29002,29010,29014,29019],{"nodeType":867,"value":28999,"marks":29000,"data":29001},"In late 2025, agencies noticed a surge of Google Ads account takeovers where hackers ran unauthorized campaigns until budgets were exhausted. ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":29003,"content":29004},{"uri":28823},[29005],{"nodeType":867,"value":29006,"marks":29007,"data":29009},"Google’s Threat Analysis Group found a cluster of Vietnamese actors",[29008],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":29011,"marks":29012,"data":29013}," who hijacked marketing accounts to ",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":29015,"marks":29016,"data":29018},"“either sell ads to other actors, or sell the accounts themselves”",[29017],{"type":910},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":29020,"marks":29021,"data":29022}," for profit. ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":29024,"content":29025},{},[29026,29030,29039,29043,29052,29056,29063],{"nodeType":867,"value":29027,"marks":29028,"data":29029},"Similarly, a series of attacks on companies managing ads ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":29031,"content":29033},{"uri":29032},"https://www.adexchanger.com/online-advertising/people-managing-google-ad-campaigns-are-getting-their-accounts-seized-by-scammers/",[29034],{"nodeType":867,"value":29035,"marks":29036,"data":29038},"reported that their accounts had been hacked as early as January 2025",[29037],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":29040,"marks":29041,"data":29042},". These attacks were linked to ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":29044,"content":29046},{"uri":29045},"https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2025/01/the-great-google-ads-heist-criminals-ransack-advertiser-accounts-via-fake-google-ads",[29047],{"nodeType":867,"value":29048,"marks":29049,"data":29051},"South American scam operations by MalwareBytes",[29050],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":29053,"marks":29054,"data":29055}," — likely the same group behind ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":29057,"content":29058},{"uri":28558},[29059],{"nodeType":867,"value":29060,"marks":29061,"data":29062},"the attacks we recently identified",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":8591,"marks":29064,"data":29065},[],{},"Malvertising insight box 1",{"sys":29068,"__typename":1636,"content":29069,"name":29100,"title":59},{"id":28854},{"json":29070},{"data":29071,"content":29072,"nodeType":1569},{},[29073],{"data":29074,"content":29075,"nodeType":883},{},[29076,29080,29085,29095],{"data":29077,"marks":29078,"value":29079,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even if the victim isn’t predominantly a Google shop, a Google account using the same email as a different identity provider account (e.g. Microsoft) can still be used to access downstream apps via SSO. This is because most apps use the email itself as the identifier, while 3 in 5 allow you to access an account using a new login method without doing any further verification checks. ",{"data":29081,"marks":29082,"value":29084,"nodeType":867},{},[29083],{"type":910},"Read our ",{"data":29086,"content":29088,"nodeType":878},{"uri":29087},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/cross-idp-impersonation/",[29089],{"data":29090,"marks":29091,"value":29094,"nodeType":867},{},[29092,29093],{"type":876},{"type":910},"blog post on cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":29096,"marks":29097,"value":29099,"nodeType":867},{},[29098],{"type":910}," for more information. ","Malvertising insight box 2",{"sys":29102,"__typename":1636,"content":29103,"name":29114,"title":59},{"id":28924},{"json":29104},{"nodeType":1569,"data":29105,"content":29106},{},[29107],{"nodeType":883,"data":29108,"content":29109},{},[29110],{"nodeType":867,"value":29111,"marks":29112,"data":29113},"Because these attacks completely circumvent the traditional phishing detection surface (email) and often happen entirely over the internet (meaning no endpoint security controls can come into play) the only way to reliably detect and stop these attacks is to intercept them where they happen — in the user’s web browser. ",[],{},"Malvertising insight box 3",{"sys":29116,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":29117,"buttonLabel":29118,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":29119},{"id":26262},"Want to see how security controls match up with modern browser-based attacks? Register for our upcoming webinar for an interactive walkthrough.","Register Now","https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/investigating-browser-threats",{"items":29121},[],{},"Analysing the malvertising criminal ecosystem","2026-01-12T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":29126},[29127,29724,30552],{"__typename":1670,"sys":29128,"content":29129,"title":29711,"synopsis":29712,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":29124,"slug":29713,"tagsCollection":29714,"authorsCollection":29720},{"id":13483},{"json":29130},{"data":29131,"content":29132,"nodeType":1569},{},[29133,29140,29146,29187,29193,29200,29207,29213,29219,29225,29228,29236,29243,29249,29256,29262,29268,29275,29281,29298,29301,29308,29314,29320,29327,29334,29340,29358,29361,29369,29375,29429,29435,29441,29444,29451,29458,29465,29472,29498,29501,29508,29524,29531,29574,29581,29624,29631,29704],{"data":29134,"content":29135,"nodeType":883},{},[29136],{"data":29137,"marks":29138,"value":29139,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In recent months, we’ve seen a significant increase in the number of attacks targeting ad manager accounts. These attacks ultimately serve up an Attacker-in-the-Middle (AITM) phishing page designed to steal the victim’s Google account. ",{"data":29141,"content":29142,"nodeType":883},{},[29143],{"data":29144,"marks":29145,"value":28496,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29147,"content":29148,"nodeType":1526},{},[29149,29168],{"data":29150,"content":29151,"nodeType":1505},{},[29152],{"data":29153,"content":29154,"nodeType":883},{},[29155,29158,29165],{"data":29156,"marks":29157,"value":28509,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29159,"content":29160,"nodeType":878},{"uri":28512},[29161],{"data":29162,"marks":29163,"value":28518,"nodeType":867},{},[29164],{"type":876},{"data":29166,"marks":29167,"value":28522,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29169,"content":29170,"nodeType":1505},{},[29171],{"data":29172,"content":29173,"nodeType":883},{},[29174,29177,29184],{"data":29175,"marks":29176,"value":28532,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29178,"content":29179,"nodeType":878},{"uri":28535},[29180],{"data":29181,"marks":29182,"value":28541,"nodeType":867},{},[29183],{"type":876},{"data":29185,"marks":29186,"value":28545,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29188,"content":29192,"nodeType":892},{"target":29189},{"sys":29190},{"id":29191,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1ThnhFZQIhzV179qclvzFH",[],{"data":29194,"content":29195,"nodeType":883},{},[29196],{"data":29197,"marks":29198,"value":29199,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now, we’ve seen the Google Ads malvertising campaign expand to run additional ads impersonating Ahrefs, an AI marketing platform. Crucially, employees with access to Ahrefs are highly likely to also have access to Google Ads, meaning that attackers can reliably target Google accounts via Ahrefs. ",{"data":29201,"content":29202,"nodeType":883},{},[29203],{"data":29204,"marks":29205,"value":29206,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can see a demo of the phishing chain below. ",{"data":29208,"content":29212,"nodeType":892},{"target":29209},{"sys":29210},{"id":29211,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2XjyySGldgl9uPA7CZRms8",[],{"data":29214,"content":29218,"nodeType":892},{"target":29215},{"sys":29216},{"id":29217,"type":889,"linkType":890},"yB12nGF91iq15GoHWItaX",[],{"data":29220,"content":29224,"nodeType":892},{"target":29221},{"sys":29222},{"id":29223,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2NK29DaTd93kOctyWxV0RT",[],{"data":29226,"content":29227,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":29229,"content":29230,"nodeType":912},{},[29231],{"data":29232,"marks":29233,"value":29235,"nodeType":867},{},[29234],{"type":910},"Attack breakdown",{"data":29237,"content":29238,"nodeType":883},{},[29239],{"data":29240,"marks":29241,"value":29242,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Users searching for “ahrefs” on Google Search were served with a fake ad impersonating Ahrefs, hosted on Squarespace, a legitimate website building and hosting platform. Previously, we’d seen this campaign use hosting sites Odoo and Kartra to similar effect. ",{"data":29244,"content":29248,"nodeType":892},{"target":29245},{"sys":29246},{"id":29247,"type":889,"linkType":890},"59dhFey5rahm5sA20NudTl",[],{"data":29250,"content":29251,"nodeType":883},{},[29252],{"data":29253,"marks":29254,"value":29255,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Upon clicking the link, the victim was taken to a clone of the real Ahrefs site. Crucially, you can see that the domain is not the official Ahrefs domain. ",{"data":29257,"content":29261,"nodeType":892},{"target":29258},{"sys":29259},{"id":29260,"type":889,"linkType":890},"48fQUiJXC1qACKUUPDliS5",[],{"data":29263,"content":29267,"nodeType":892},{"target":29264},{"sys":29265},{"id":29266,"type":889,"linkType":890},"77iqOW1jDVt5Oxw8qTwnKG",[],{"data":29269,"content":29270,"nodeType":883},{},[29271],{"data":29272,"marks":29273,"value":29274,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, the site is not fully interactable beyond the front page. Clicking on any link takes the user to a Google sign-in page. ",{"data":29276,"content":29280,"nodeType":892},{"target":29277},{"sys":29278},{"id":29279,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7t9BoUyIFN8dlBDksjsYlD",[],{"data":29282,"content":29283,"nodeType":883},{},[29284,29288,29295],{"data":29285,"marks":29286,"value":29287,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is in fact an AITM phishing page that is designed to hijack the victim’s Google account. Entering credentials and completing the MFA check will result in the attacker stealing the app session and effectively taking over the account. The phishing kit used matches ",{"data":29289,"content":29290,"nodeType":878},{"uri":28512},[29291],{"data":29292,"marks":29293,"value":29294,"nodeType":867},{},[],"the previous malvertising detected impersonating Google Ads",{"data":29296,"marks":29297,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29299,"content":29300,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":29302,"content":29303,"nodeType":912},{},[29304],{"data":29305,"marks":29306,"value":28577,"nodeType":867},{},[29307],{"type":910},{"data":29309,"content":29310,"nodeType":883},{},[29311],{"data":29312,"marks":29313,"value":28584,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29315,"content":29316,"nodeType":883},{},[29317],{"data":29318,"marks":29319,"value":28591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29321,"content":29322,"nodeType":883},{},[29323],{"data":29324,"marks":29325,"value":29326,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A hijacked Google Ad Manager account gives attackers access to significant ad spend and account data which can be monetized illicitly. The tactics range from stealthy ad fraud to overt abuse like malicious ads or extortion schemes.",{"data":29328,"content":29329,"nodeType":883},{},[29330],{"data":29331,"marks":29332,"value":29333,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pretty much every enterprise today advertises their services via Google ads — this makes attacks on these accounts pretty much a unanimous problem. Agencies managing numerous client accounts are put further at risk. For example, if an attacker can compromise an MCC account (used to manage several ad accounts) they get full access to the customer portfolio. ",{"data":29335,"content":29339,"nodeType":892},{"target":29336},{"sys":29337},{"id":29338,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1WPbstxHtdjnAKpF1rhCpW",[],{"data":29341,"content":29342,"nodeType":883},{},[29343,29347,29355],{"data":29344,"marks":29345,"value":29346,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Learn more about why attackers are targeting ad manager accounts ",{"data":29348,"content":29350,"nodeType":878},{"uri":29349},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis",[29351],{"data":29352,"marks":29353,"value":29354,"nodeType":867},{},[],"in our blog post",{"data":29356,"marks":29357,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29359,"content":29360,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":29362,"content":29363,"nodeType":912},{},[29364],{"data":29365,"marks":29366,"value":29368,"nodeType":867},{},[29367],{"type":910},"Why malvertising? ",{"data":29370,"content":29371,"nodeType":883},{},[29372],{"data":29373,"marks":29374,"value":28637,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29376,"content":29377,"nodeType":883},{},[29378,29382,29389,29393,29401,29404,29413,29416,29425],{"data":29379,"marks":29380,"value":29381,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malvertising attacks delivered over channels like Google Search are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. Malvertising is an increasingly popular attack vector for the delivery of AITM phishing, malware downloads, and ",{"data":29383,"content":29384,"nodeType":878},{"uri":13621},[29385],{"data":29386,"marks":29387,"value":315,"nodeType":867},{},[29388],{"type":876},{"data":29390,"marks":29391,"value":29392,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push were delivered via Google Search). This isn’t just targeting ad manager accounts — last year, we reported on campaigns impersonating ",{"data":29394,"content":29395,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2853},[29396],{"data":29397,"marks":29398,"value":29400,"nodeType":867},{},[29399],{"type":876},"TradingView",{"data":29402,"marks":29403,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29405,"content":29407,"nodeType":878},{"uri":29406},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-with-active-directory-federation-services/",[29408],{"data":29409,"marks":29410,"value":29412,"nodeType":867},{},[29411],{"type":876},"Microsoft Office 365",{"data":29414,"marks":29415,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29417,"content":29419,"nodeType":878},{"uri":29418},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers/",[29420],{"data":29421,"marks":29422,"value":29424,"nodeType":867},{},[29423],{"type":876},"Onfido",{"data":29426,"marks":29427,"value":29428,"nodeType":867},{},[],", to name a few. ",{"data":29430,"content":29431,"nodeType":883},{},[29432],{"data":29433,"marks":29434,"value":28919,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29436,"content":29437,"nodeType":883},{},[29438],{"data":29439,"marks":29440,"value":29111,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":29442,"content":29443,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":29445,"content":29446,"nodeType":912},{},[29447],{"data":29448,"marks":29449,"value":19566,"nodeType":867},{},[29450],{"type":910},{"data":29452,"content":29453,"nodeType":883},{},[29454],{"data":29455,"marks":29456,"value":29457,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Regardless of the delivery channel, all roads lead to a web page accessed in the victim’s browser, where Push is waiting to detect and block the attack. Even if the page has never been previously flagged as suspicious or malicious, Push analyses the page in real time and blocks it — protecting against the latest zero-day threats.  ",{"data":29459,"content":29460,"nodeType":883},{},[29461],{"data":29462,"marks":29463,"value":29464,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By seeing what your users see, and getting an unfiltered, real-time view of the page as it loads, Push is able to pinpoint malicious content, code, and behaviors and shut the attack down before it happens. Whether it's entering credentials onto a phishing page, approving a malicious OAuth grant, installing a risky browser extension, or insecurely accessing an app with a weak password and no MFA, Push detects the action and shuts it down.",{"data":29466,"content":29467,"nodeType":883},{},[29468],{"data":29469,"marks":29470,"value":29471,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack 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saw a huge amount of attacker innovation when it comes to phishing attacks, as attackers continue to double down on identity-based techniques. The continual evolution of phishing means it remains one of the most effective methods available to attackers today — in fact, it’s arguably more effective than ever. ",{"data":30573,"content":30574,"nodeType":883},{},[30575],{"data":30576,"marks":30577,"value":30578,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the key trends that defined phishing attacks in 2025, and what these changes mean for security teams heading into 2026. ",{"data":30580,"content":30581,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":30583,"content":30584,"nodeType":912},{},[30585],{"data":30586,"marks":30587,"value":30589,"nodeType":867},{},[30588],{"type":910},"#1: Phishing goes omni-channel",{"data":30591,"content":30592,"nodeType":883},{},[30593],{"data":30594,"marks":30595,"value":30596,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve been talking about the rise of non-email phishing for some time now, but 2025 was the year phishing truly went omni-channel. ",{"data":30598,"content":30599,"nodeType":883},{},[30600],{"data":30601,"marks":30602,"value":30603,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Although most of the industry’s data on phishing still comes from email security vendors and tools, the picture is starting to change. Roughly 1 in 3 phishing attacks detected by Push Security were delivered outside of email. ",{"data":30605,"content":30606,"nodeType":883},{},[30607],{"data":30608,"marks":30609,"value":30610,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are many examples of phishing campaigns operated outside of email, with LinkedIn DMs and Google Search being the top channels we identified. Notable campaigns include:",{"data":30612,"content":30613,"nodeType":1526},{},[30614,30636,30658],{"data":30615,"content":30616,"nodeType":1505},{},[30617],{"data":30618,"content":30619,"nodeType":883},{},[30620,30623,30632],{"data":30621,"marks":30622,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":30624,"content":30626,"nodeType":878},{"uri":30625},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-push-stopped-a-high-risk-linkedin-spear-phishing-attack",[30627],{"data":30628,"marks":30629,"value":30631,"nodeType":867},{},[30630],{"type":876},"A targeted campaign against tech company Exec’s",{"data":30633,"marks":30634,"value":30635,"nodeType":867},{},[]," delivered via compromised accounts on LinkedIn from other employees of the same organization, framed as an investment opportunity.",{"data":30637,"content":30638,"nodeType":1505},{},[30639],{"data":30640,"content":30641,"nodeType":883},{},[30642,30645,30654],{"data":30643,"marks":30644,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":30646,"content":30648,"nodeType":878},{"uri":30647},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/new-phishing-campaign-identified-targeting-linkedin-users",[30649],{"data":30650,"marks":30651,"value":30653,"nodeType":867},{},[30652],{"type":876},"A campaign posing as a South American investment fund",{"data":30655,"marks":30656,"value":30657,"nodeType":867},{},[]," offering the opportunity to join the fund. ",{"data":30659,"content":30660,"nodeType":1505},{},[30661],{"data":30662,"content":30663,"nodeType":883},{},[30664,30668,30677,30681,30689,30693,30701],{"data":30665,"marks":30666,"value":30667,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Several malvertising campaigns capturing users searching for key search terms such as “",{"data":30669,"content":30671,"nodeType":878},{"uri":30670},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-malvertising-attack-targeting-business-google-accounts",[30672],{"data":30673,"marks":30674,"value":30676,"nodeType":867},{},[30675],{"type":876},"Google Ads",{"data":30678,"marks":30679,"value":30680,"nodeType":867},{},[],"”, “",{"data":30682,"content":30684,"nodeType":878},{"uri":30683},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack",[30685],{"data":30686,"marks":30687,"value":29400,"nodeType":867},{},[30688],{"type":876},{"data":30690,"marks":30691,"value":30692,"nodeType":867},{},[],"” and “",{"data":30694,"content":30696,"nodeType":878},{"uri":30695},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers",[30697],{"data":30698,"marks":30699,"value":29424,"nodeType":867},{},[30700],{"type":876},{"data":30702,"marks":30703,"value":30704,"nodeType":867},{},[],"”. ",{"data":30706,"content":30710,"nodeType":892},{"target":30707},{"sys":30708},{"id":30709,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3LjyZooaJQ83eJt8DRX9bP",[],{"data":30712,"content":30716,"nodeType":892},{"target":30713},{"sys":30714},{"id":30715,"type":889,"linkType":890},"644LdQYjRHerpKU5pCGv1n",[],{"data":30718,"content":30722,"nodeType":892},{"target":30719},{"sys":30720},{"id":30721,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3anCGk5A4AOVH1t9dr1xKp",[],{"data":30724,"content":30725,"nodeType":883},{},[30726],{"data":30727,"marks":30728,"value":30729,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing via non-email channels has a number of advantages. With email being the best protected phishing vector, it sidesteps these controls entirely. There’s no need to build up your sender reputation, find ways to trick content analysis engines, or hope your message doesn’t end up in the spam folder.",{"data":30731,"content":30732,"nodeType":883},{},[30733],{"data":30734,"marks":30735,"value":30736,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In comparison, non-email vectors have practically no screening, your security team has no visibility, and users are less likely to anticipate possible phishing. It’s arguable that a company Exec is more likely to engage with a LinkedIn DM from a reputable account than a cold email. And social media apps do nothing to analyse messages for phishing links. (And because of the limitations of URL-based checks when it comes to today’s multi-stage phishing attacks, this would be extremely difficult even if they tried). ",{"data":30738,"content":30739,"nodeType":883},{},[30740,30744,30752],{"data":30741,"marks":30742,"value":30743,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Search engines also present a huge opportunity for attackers, whether they’re compromising existing, high reputation sites, spinning up malicious ads, or simply vibe coding their own SEO-optimized websites. This is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":30745,"content":30747,"nodeType":878},{"uri":30746},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters",[30748],{"data":30749,"marks":30750,"value":2171,"nodeType":867},{},[30751],{"type":876},{"data":30753,"marks":30754,"value":30755,"nodeType":867},{},[],"” criminal collective, all of which began with identity-based initial access). ",{"data":30757,"content":30758,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":30760,"content":30761,"nodeType":912},{},[30762],{"data":30763,"marks":30764,"value":30766,"nodeType":867},{},[30765],{"type":910},"#2: Criminal PhaaS kits dominate",{"data":30768,"content":30769,"nodeType":883},{},[30770],{"data":30771,"marks":30772,"value":30773,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The vast majority of phishing attacks today use a reverse proxy. This means they are capable of bypassing most forms of MFA because a session is created and stolen in real time as part of the attack. There is no downside to this approach compared to the basic credential phishing that was the norm more than a decade ago.",{"data":30775,"content":30776,"nodeType":883},{},[30777],{"data":30778,"marks":30779,"value":30780,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These Attacker-in-the-Middle attacks are powered by criminal Phishing-as-a-Service (PhaaS) kits such as Tycoon, NakedPages, Sneaky2FA, Flowerstorm, Salty2FA, along with various Evilginx variations (nominally a tool for red teamers, but widely used by attackers). ",{"data":30782,"content":30783,"nodeType":883},{},[30784],{"data":30785,"marks":30786,"value":30787,"nodeType":867},{},[],"PhaaS kits are incredibly important to cybercrime because they make sophisticated and continuously evolving capabilities available to the criminal marketplace, lowering the barrier to entry for criminals running advanced phishing campaigns. This is not unique to phishing: Ransomware-as-a-Service, Credential Stuffing-as-a-Service, and many more for-hire tools and services exist for criminals to use for a fee. ",{"data":30789,"content":30790,"nodeType":883},{},[30791,30795,30804,30807,30814,30818,30827],{"data":30792,"marks":30793,"value":30794,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This competitive environment has fueled attacker innovation, resulting in an environment in which MFA-bypass is table stakes, phishing-resistant authentication is being circumvented through ",{"data":30796,"content":30798,"nodeType":878},{"uri":30797},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks",[30799],{"data":30800,"marks":30801,"value":30803,"nodeType":867},{},[30802],{"type":876},"downgrade attacks",{"data":30805,"marks":30806,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":30808,"content":30809,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3066},[30810],{"data":30811,"marks":30812,"value":9945,"nodeType":867},{},[30813],{"type":876},{"data":30815,"marks":30816,"value":30817,"nodeType":867},{},[]," are being used to circumvent security tools — from email scanners, to web-crawling security tools, to web proxies analyzing network traffic. It also means that when new capabilities emerge — such as ",{"data":30819,"content":30821,"nodeType":878},{"uri":30820},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-latest-sneaky2fa-phishing-page",[30822],{"data":30823,"marks":30824,"value":30826,"nodeType":867},{},[30825],{"type":876},"Browser-in-the-Browser",{"data":30828,"marks":30829,"value":30830,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — these are quickly integrated into a range of phishing kits. ",{"data":30832,"content":30833,"nodeType":883},{},[30834],{"data":30835,"marks":30836,"value":30837,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Some of the most prevalent detection evasion methods we’ve seen this year are:",{"data":30839,"content":30840,"nodeType":1526},{},[30841,30851,30861],{"data":30842,"content":30843,"nodeType":1505},{},[30844],{"data":30845,"content":30846,"nodeType":883},{},[30847],{"data":30848,"marks":30849,"value":30850,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Widespread use of bot protection. Every phishing page today comes with either a custom CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile (legitimate and fake versions) designed to block web-crawling security bots from being able to analyse phishing pages. ",{"data":30852,"content":30853,"nodeType":1505},{},[30854],{"data":30855,"content":30856,"nodeType":883},{},[30857],{"data":30858,"marks":30859,"value":30860,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Extensive redirect chains between the initial link seeded out to the victim, and the actual malicious page hosting phishing content, designed to bury phishing sites among several legitimate pages. ",{"data":30862,"content":30863,"nodeType":1505},{},[30864],{"data":30865,"content":30866,"nodeType":883},{},[30867,30871,30879],{"data":30868,"marks":30869,"value":30870,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Multi-stage page loading performed client-side via JavaScript. This means that pages are ",{"data":30872,"content":30873,"nodeType":878},{"uri":18905},[30874],{"data":30875,"marks":30876,"value":30878,"nodeType":867},{},[30877],{"type":876},"conditionally loaded",{"data":30880,"marks":30881,"value":30882,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and if conditions aren’t met, malicious content isn’t served — so the page looks clean. This also means that most of the malicious activity is happening locally, without creating web requests that can be analysed by network traffic analysis tools (e.g. web proxies). ",{"data":30884,"content":30888,"nodeType":892},{"target":30885},{"sys":30886},{"id":30887,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5LLgjhCexTYd5OlHuptv3n",[],{"data":30890,"content":30891,"nodeType":883},{},[30892],{"data":30893,"marks":30894,"value":30895,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This contributes to an environment where phishing is going undetected for extended periods of time. Even when a page is flagged, it’s trivial for attackers to dynamically serve up different phishing pages from the same benign chain of URLs used in the attack. ",{"data":30897,"content":30898,"nodeType":883},{},[30899],{"data":30900,"marks":30901,"value":30902,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is all to say that the old-school approach to URL blocking bad sites is becoming much harder and leaves you two steps behind attackers at all times.",{"data":30904,"content":30905,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":30907,"content":30908,"nodeType":912},{},[30909],{"data":30910,"marks":30911,"value":30913,"nodeType":867},{},[30912],{"type":910},"#3: Attackers find ways around phishing-resistant authentication (and other security controls)",{"data":30915,"content":30916,"nodeType":883},{},[30917],{"data":30918,"marks":30919,"value":30920,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We already mentioned that MFA downgrade has been an area of focus for security researchers and attackers. But phishing-resistant authentication methods (i.e. passkeys) remain effective so long as the phishing-resistant factor is the only possible login factor, and there are no backup methods enabled for the account. (Though because of the logistical issues of having just one factor, this is fairly uncommon.) ",{"data":30922,"content":30923,"nodeType":883},{},[30924],{"data":30925,"marks":30926,"value":30927,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Equally, access control policies can be applied on larger enterprise apps and cloud platforms to reduce the risk of unauthorized access (although these can be tricky to implement and maintain without error).",{"data":30929,"content":30930,"nodeType":883},{},[30931],{"data":30932,"marks":30933,"value":30934,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In any case, attackers are considering all eventualities and looking for alternative ways into accounts that are less well protected. 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ClickFix was the ",{"data":31037,"content":31039,"nodeType":878},{"uri":31038},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf#page=36",[31040],{"data":31041,"marks":31042,"value":31044,"nodeType":867},{},[31043],{"type":876},"top initial access vector detected by Microsoft last year",{"data":31046,"marks":31047,"value":31048,"nodeType":867},{},[],", involved in 47% of attacks. While not a traditional phishing attack, this sees attackers socially engineer users into running malicious code on their machine, typically deploying remote access tools and infostealer malware. Infostealers are then used to harvest credentials and cookies for initial access to various apps and services. ",{"data":31050,"content":31054,"nodeType":892},{"target":31051},{"sys":31052},{"id":31053,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4cC9GbPoKFmYUJgbkbeOLs",[],{"data":31056,"content":31057,"nodeType":883},{},[31058,31062,31070],{"data":31059,"marks":31060,"value":31061,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security researchers have also discovered a brand new technique dubbed ",{"data":31063,"content":31065,"nodeType":878},{"uri":31064},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix",[31066],{"data":31067,"marks":31068,"value":1968,"nodeType":867},{},[31069],{"type":876},{"data":31071,"marks":31072,"value":31073,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — a browser-native version of ClickFix that results in an OAuth connection being established to the target app, simply by copying and pasting a legitimate URL containing OAuth key material. ",{"data":31075,"content":31079,"nodeType":892},{"target":31076},{"sys":31077},{"id":31078,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4bdqleePd53oK5v5uEUFbr",[],{"data":31081,"content":31082,"nodeType":883},{},[31083],{"data":31084,"marks":31085,"value":31086,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is even more dangerous than ClickFix as it is entirely browser-native — removing the endpoint detection surface (and strong security controls like EDR) from the equation entirely. And in the particular case spotted by Push, the attackers targeted Azure CLI — a first-party Microsoft app that has special permissions and can’t be restricted like third-party apps. ",{"data":31088,"content":31089,"nodeType":883},{},[31090],{"data":31091,"marks":31092,"value":31093,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Really, there are lots of different techniques attackers can use to take over accounts on key business applications — it’s outdated to think of phishing as being locked in to passwords, MFA, and the standard authentication flow. ",{"data":31095,"content":31099,"nodeType":892},{"target":31096},{"sys":31097},{"id":31098,"type":889,"linkType":890},"74S97KkuFzI48UwXw3msTq",[],{"data":31101,"content":31102,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":31104,"content":31105,"nodeType":912},{},[31106],{"data":31107,"marks":31108,"value":31110,"nodeType":867},{},[31109],{"type":910},"Guidance for security teams in 2026",{"data":31112,"content":31113,"nodeType":883},{},[31114],{"data":31115,"marks":31116,"value":31117,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To tackle phishing in 2026, security teams need to change their threat model for phishing, and acknowledge that:",{"data":31119,"content":31120,"nodeType":1526},{},[31121,31131,31141],{"data":31122,"content":31123,"nodeType":1505},{},[31124],{"data":31125,"content":31126,"nodeType":883},{},[31127],{"data":31128,"marks":31129,"value":31130,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s not enough to protect email as your main anti-phishing surface",{"data":31132,"content":31133,"nodeType":1505},{},[31134],{"data":31135,"content":31136,"nodeType":883},{},[31137],{"data":31138,"marks":31139,"value":31140,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Network and traffic monitoring tools aren’t keeping up with modern phishing pages",{"data":31142,"content":31143,"nodeType":1505},{},[31144],{"data":31145,"content":31146,"nodeType":883},{},[31147],{"data":31148,"marks":31149,"value":31150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing-resistant authentication, even if perfectly implemented, doesn’t make you immune",{"data":31152,"content":31153,"nodeType":883},{},[31154],{"data":31155,"marks":31156,"value":31157,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detection and response is key. But most organizations have significant visibility gaps.",{"data":31159,"content":31160,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":31162,"content":31163,"nodeType":912},{},[31164],{"data":31165,"marks":31166,"value":31168,"nodeType":867},{},[31167],{"type":910},"Solving the detection gap in the browser",{"data":31170,"content":31171,"nodeType":883},{},[31172],{"data":31173,"marks":31174,"value":31175,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One thing that these attacks have in common is that they all take place in the web browser, targeting users as they go about their work on the internet. That makes it the perfect place to detect and respond to these attacks. But right now, the browser is a blind-spot for most security teams.",{"data":31177,"content":31178,"nodeType":883},{},[31179],{"data":31180,"marks":31181,"value":31182,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. 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Despite this, the attacker’s MO was specifically the takeover of accounts used for the management of digital ads. ",{"data":32743,"content":32747,"nodeType":892},{"target":32744},{"sys":32745},{"id":32746,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5oivBCf1Fqvnq0GNCSko8f",[],{"data":32749,"content":32750,"nodeType":883},{},[32751],{"data":32752,"marks":32753,"value":32754,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this blog post, we break down the various TTPs used by the attacker across the campaign, and consider why ad management platforms are being specifically targeted.  ",{"data":32756,"content":32757,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":32759,"content":32760,"nodeType":912},{},[32761],{"data":32762,"marks":32763,"value":32765,"nodeType":867},{},[32764],{"type":910},"Variant 1: Targeting Google Workspace with a sophisticated email phish ",{"data":32767,"content":32768,"nodeType":883},{},[32769],{"data":32770,"marks":32771,"value":32772,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first phishing variant we analyzed began with a multi-stage phishing email lure, framed as a job opportunity for LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy), which oversees more than 75 brands across sectors like fashion, cosmetics, watches, and spirits. The specific delivery address is impersonating “Inside LVMH”, the talent acquisition and training arm of LVMH.  ",{"data":32774,"content":32775,"nodeType":883},{},[32776],{"data":32777,"marks":32778,"value":32779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This lure is notable for multiple reasons. It is highly targeted, well-written, populated with information from the victim, and coming from what appears to be a legitimate employee of LVMH. Even if the victim was initially suspicious, searching for the recruiter’s name would appear to confirm their identity.  ",{"data":32781,"content":32782,"nodeType":883},{},[32783],{"data":32784,"marks":32785,"value":32786,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It is possible, even likely, that this interaction was operated using AI, using information scraped from the internet — but in any case, the outcome achieved is highly convincing. ",{"data":32788,"content":32792,"nodeType":892},{"target":32789},{"sys":32790},{"id":32791,"type":889,"linkType":890},"46BYpquURERbkhWc6C2Lpc",[],{"data":32794,"content":32795,"nodeType":883},{},[32796],{"data":32797,"marks":32798,"value":32799,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Only after the victim has responded to an initial email was the phishing link delivered under the guise of a Calendly link to book time for a call. ",{"data":32801,"content":32805,"nodeType":892},{"target":32802},{"sys":32803},{"id":32804,"type":889,"linkType":890},"37GBkfXGEdWvdQbMq65sad",[],{"data":32807,"content":32808,"nodeType":883},{},[32809],{"data":32810,"marks":32811,"value":32812,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Clicking the link takes the victim to an authentic-looking page impersonating a Calendly landing page.",{"data":32814,"content":32818,"nodeType":892},{"target":32815},{"sys":32816},{"id":32817,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1DwOPzK7mxsoJlEBp8cMpr",[],{"data":32820,"content":32821,"nodeType":883},{},[32822],{"data":32823,"marks":32824,"value":32825,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After completing the CAPTCHA check and selecting \"Continue with Google” the victim is redirected to an AiTM phishing page designed to capture Google Workspace credentials, with specific branding impersonating Calendly — making this visually distinct from most common Google-themed phishing pages. ",{"data":32827,"content":32831,"nodeType":892},{"target":32828},{"sys":32829},{"id":32830,"type":889,"linkType":890},"u1SY1uUX23sxfBYLpyaKb",[],{"data":32833,"content":32834,"nodeType":883},{},[32835,32839,32847,32851,32858],{"data":32836,"marks":32837,"value":32838,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This page uses ",{"data":32840,"content":32841,"nodeType":878},{"uri":18905},[32842],{"data":32843,"marks":32844,"value":32846,"nodeType":867},{},[32845],{"type":876},"specific targeting parameters",{"data":32848,"marks":32849,"value":32850,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to ensure that only the intended recipient is able to access the page’s malicious functionality — a well-known ",{"data":32852,"content":32853,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3066},[32854],{"data":32855,"marks":32856,"value":3071,"nodeType":867},{},[32857],{"type":876},{"data":32859,"marks":32860,"value":32861,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to prevent security analysts from being able to fully analyse the page (as malicious elements are not rendered until this check is completed). ",{"data":32863,"content":32864,"nodeType":883},{},[32865],{"data":32866,"marks":32867,"value":32868,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As you can see in the example below, attempts to use any email other than the intended victim’s email domain are blocked.   ",{"data":32870,"content":32874,"nodeType":892},{"target":32871},{"sys":32872},{"id":32873,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5m8LvVYjXz0zrITgTWqxio",[],{"data":32876,"content":32877,"nodeType":883},{},[32878],{"data":32879,"marks":32880,"value":32881,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Only entering an allowed email domain loads the password entry field. ",{"data":32883,"content":32887,"nodeType":892},{"target":32884},{"sys":32885},{"id":32886,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6KFRJSsgk2pB6x67kWdpws",[],{"data":32889,"content":32890,"nodeType":883},{},[32891],{"data":32892,"marks":32893,"value":32894,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We identified a number of pages that appear to be part of the same campaign. All these pages have the same visual style, Calendly-themed lure targeting Google Workspace accounts, and appear to match real employees of the respective companies being impersonated. ",{"data":32896,"content":32900,"nodeType":892},{"target":32897},{"sys":32898},{"id":32899,"type":889,"linkType":890},"zMkN1U5QlvIEcfOGmhBBf",[],{"data":32902,"content":32903,"nodeType":883},{},[32904],{"data":32905,"marks":32906,"value":32907,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The different pages include:",{"data":32909,"content":32910,"nodeType":1526},{},[32911,32921,32931,32941],{"data":32912,"content":32913,"nodeType":1505},{},[32914],{"data":32915,"content":32916,"nodeType":883},{},[32917],{"data":32918,"marks":32919,"value":32920,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A different visual match for the LVMH page.",{"data":32922,"content":32923,"nodeType":1505},{},[32924],{"data":32925,"content":32926,"nodeType":883},{},[32927],{"data":32928,"marks":32929,"value":32930,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A Lego recruitment themed page.",{"data":32932,"content":32933,"nodeType":1505},{},[32934],{"data":32935,"content":32936,"nodeType":883},{},[32937],{"data":32938,"marks":32939,"value":32940,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A Mastercard HR themed page.",{"data":32942,"content":32943,"nodeType":1505},{},[32944],{"data":32945,"content":32946,"nodeType":883},{},[32947],{"data":32948,"marks":32949,"value":32950,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An Uber recruitment themed page.",{"data":32952,"content":32953,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":32955,"content":32956,"nodeType":912},{},[32957],{"data":32958,"marks":32959,"value":32961,"nodeType":867},{},[32960],{"type":910},"Variant 2: Targeting Facebook Business accounts",{"data":32963,"content":32964,"nodeType":883},{},[32965],{"data":32966,"marks":32967,"value":32968,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Upon further investigation, we found links to a second phishing page style that appears to be part of a longer campaign targeting Facebook accounts, dating back more than two years. ",{"data":32970,"content":32971,"nodeType":883},{},[32972],{"data":32973,"marks":32974,"value":32975,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In total, we identified 31 unique URLs associated with the same campaign, many of which were recycled over time to impersonate different brands. ",{"data":32977,"content":32978,"nodeType":883},{},[32979],{"data":32980,"marks":32981,"value":32982,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since most of these pages appeared to be older (and no longer live) they could not be analysed further, beyond giving an indication of how the phishing campaign has evolved over time. ",{"data":32984,"content":32988,"nodeType":892},{"target":32985},{"sys":32986},{"id":32987,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5PFRI9XtNVdkpYiRoIYpF",[],{"data":32990,"content":32991,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":32993,"content":32994,"nodeType":912},{},[32995],{"data":32996,"marks":32997,"value":32999,"nodeType":867},{},[32998],{"type":910},"Variant 3: Targeting both Google and Facebook accounts",{"data":33001,"content":33002,"nodeType":883},{},[33003],{"data":33004,"marks":33005,"value":33006,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We also discovered a third, more recent variant targeting both Google and Facebook accounts with Calendly-styled pages.",{"data":33008,"content":33009,"nodeType":883},{},[33010,33014,33023],{"data":33011,"marks":33012,"value":33013,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This variant looks to leverage a Browser-in-the-Browser style pop-up window similar to the ",{"data":33015,"content":33017,"nodeType":878},{"uri":33016},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-latest-sneaky2fa-phishing-page/",[33018],{"data":33019,"marks":33020,"value":33022,"nodeType":867},{},[33021],{"type":876},"Sneaky2FA attacks we reported on recently",{"data":33024,"marks":33025,"value":33026,"nodeType":867},{},[],". BITB allows the attacker to mask the phishing page URL by presenting a fake URL set by the attacker, inside a pop-up login window. ",{"data":33028,"content":33032,"nodeType":892},{"target":33029},{"sys":33030},{"id":33031,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7w4cmyqPvhxAFrokaK9CE1",[],{"data":33034,"content":33038,"nodeType":892},{"target":33035},{"sys":33036},{"id":33037,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6FUSNecz0BXLxJxoJTsALD",[],{"data":33040,"content":33044,"nodeType":892},{"target":33041},{"sys":33042},{"id":33043,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2zwFDrgsLuxi4Xv2q0nPFK",[],{"data":33046,"content":33047,"nodeType":883},{},[33048],{"data":33049,"marks":33050,"value":33051,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker also implemented additional anti-analysis functionality, beyond the specific domain targeting we observed in the first page variant — the result of which meant the page IP blocked us from interacting with it further. ",{"data":33053,"content":33057,"nodeType":892},{"target":33054},{"sys":33055},{"id":33056,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3ZPdxi5cGZcn5hF1ISIUa7",[],{"data":33059,"content":33063,"nodeType":892},{"target":33060},{"sys":33061},{"id":33062,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3J5pmgNL9LevE1FdX4oksf",[],{"data":33065,"content":33066,"nodeType":883},{},[33067,33071,33080],{"data":33068,"marks":33069,"value":33070,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Often ",{"data":33072,"content":33074,"nodeType":878},{"uri":33073},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/anti-sandbox/",[33075],{"data":33076,"marks":33077,"value":33079,"nodeType":867},{},[33078],{"type":876},"accessing dev tools",{"data":33081,"marks":33082,"value":33083,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on a page is enough to trigger this, specifically targeting security analysts and web-crawling security bots/tools. ",{"data":33085,"content":33086,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":33088,"content":33089,"nodeType":912},{},[33090],{"data":33091,"marks":33092,"value":33094,"nodeType":867},{},[33093],{"type":910},"Why are attackers targeting business ad management accounts?",{"data":33096,"content":33097,"nodeType":883},{},[33098,33102,33110],{"data":33099,"marks":33100,"value":33101,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The campaign shows signs of being a long-running, targeted initiative focused on compromising accounts responsible for managing digital ads on behalf of businesses. The attackers have demonstrated that they are continuing to iterate on their TTPs, introducing new page styles with increased sophistication, and new ",{"data":33103,"content":33105,"nodeType":878},{"uri":33104},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/#techniques-table",[33106],{"data":33107,"marks":33108,"value":9945,"nodeType":867},{},[33109],{"type":876},{"data":33111,"marks":33112,"value":33113,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to defeat security analysis tools.  ",{"data":33115,"content":33119,"nodeType":892},{"target":33116},{"sys":33117},{"id":33118,"type":889,"linkType":890},"m5GsTsDb55T70MU2m72B1",[],{"data":33121,"content":33122,"nodeType":883},{},[33123],{"data":33124,"marks":33125,"value":33126,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We also discovered that Google recently issued a security warning specifically for agency organizations managing ads for a number of businesses, urging them to create security alerts whenever a new account is added to a Manager Account (MCC) used to view and manage multiple Google Ads accounts from a single view. ",{"data":33128,"content":33129,"nodeType":883},{},[33130,33134,33141],{"data":33131,"marks":33132,"value":33133,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With malvertising on the rise as an increasingly popular attack vector for the delivery of AITM phishing, malware downloads, and ",{"data":33135,"content":33136,"nodeType":878},{"uri":13621},[33137],{"data":33138,"marks":33139,"value":315,"nodeType":867},{},[33140],{"type":876},{"data":33142,"marks":33143,"value":33144,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push were delivered via Google Search), it makes sense that attackers are looking to increase their web of accounts from which to launch malicious ads. ",{"data":33146,"content":33147,"nodeType":921},{},[33148],{"data":33149,"marks":33150,"value":33152,"nodeType":867},{},[33151],{"type":910},"Why are attackers turning to malvertising?",{"data":33154,"content":33155,"nodeType":883},{},[33156],{"data":33157,"marks":33158,"value":33159,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malvertising attacks delivered over search engines (e.g. Google Search) and social media apps (Facebook, LinkedIn, etc.) are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. ",{"data":33161,"content":33162,"nodeType":883},{},[33163],{"data":33164,"marks":33165,"value":33166,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The flipside of this is that malvertising attacks are less likely to be targeted than phishing delivered directly to the victim via a direct message (i.e. email, social media DM, instant messenger app, SMS, etc.). ",{"data":33168,"content":33169,"nodeType":883},{},[33170],{"data":33171,"marks":33172,"value":33173,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, that isn’t to say that malvertising attacks can’t be targeted. For example, Google Ads can be targeted to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. Even more precise ad targeting can be achieved on social media platforms. ",{"data":33175,"content":33176,"nodeType":883},{},[33177,33181,33188],{"data":33178,"marks":33179,"value":33180,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malvertising is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":33182,"content":33183,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2166},[33184],{"data":33185,"marks":33186,"value":2171,"nodeType":867},{},[33187],{"type":876},{"data":33189,"marks":33190,"value":33191,"nodeType":867},{},[],"” criminal collective, all of which began with identity-based initial access). For this reason, credentials and access are an increasingly profitable commodity for cyber criminals. ",{"data":33193,"content":33194,"nodeType":921},{},[33195],{"data":33196,"marks":33197,"value":33199,"nodeType":867},{},[33198],{"type":910},"Additional considerations",{"data":33201,"content":33202,"nodeType":883},{},[33203],{"data":33204,"marks":33205,"value":33206,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As previously mentioned, compromising a Google Workspace account (particularly where it is the primary enterprise cloud platform used by the organization) provides comprehensive access to business apps, data, and functionality that can be exploited by attackers — effectively, it’s the access point to modern business IT. There’s a good chance that attackers establishing a foothold in this way would look to leverage this access further, or at least sell on that access to a criminal group looking to take the attack further. ",{"data":33208,"content":33212,"nodeType":892},{"target":33209},{"sys":33210},{"id":33211,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7jnQqRk0JuqEtrQ3HXy3f8",[],{"data":33214,"content":33215,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":33217,"content":33218,"nodeType":912},{},[33219],{"data":33220,"marks":33221,"value":1484,"nodeType":867},{},[33222],{"type":910},{"data":33224,"content":33225,"nodeType":883},{},[33226],{"data":33227,"marks":33228,"value":33229,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We have opted not to provide the domains associated with that campaign to preserve the privacy of the individuals being impersonated by the attacker. In many cases, their full name was included in the URL for the phishing page, while their name and profile picture (most likely scraped from LinkedIn) are also visible on the landing page. 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MGM hack resulted in a 36-hour outage, a $100M hit to its Q3 results, one-time cyber consulting fees in the region of $10M, and a class-action lawsuit later settled for $45M. Less is known about Caesars, except that a ransom of $15M was paid in an attempt to prevent stolen data being leaked online.",[],{},"SLH insight box 1",{"sys":35049,"__typename":1636,"content":35050,"name":35061,"title":59},{"id":6960},{"json":35051},{"nodeType":1569,"data":35052,"content":35053},{},[35054],{"nodeType":883,"data":35055,"content":35056},{},[35057],{"nodeType":867,"value":35058,"marks":35059,"data":35060},"The Marks & Spencer ransomware breach resulted in online shopping services being taken offline, stores running low on products, £300M in lost profits, and almost £1B wiped off the company’s stock market valuation at one stage. Co-op proactively pulled the plug on their network to prevent further damage, lessening the impact to a still-sizeable £107m in lost profits.",[],{},"SLH insight box 2",{"sys":35063,"__typename":1584,"title":25351,"caption":25351,"layoutMode":59,"file":35064},{"id":7058},{"url":25353,"width":25354,"height":25355},{"sys":35066,"__typename":1636,"content":35067,"name":35091,"title":59},{"id":7083},{"json":35068},{"nodeType":1569,"data":35069,"content":35070},{},[35071],{"nodeType":883,"data":35072,"content":35073},{},[35074,35078,35087],{"nodeType":867,"value":35075,"marks":35076,"data":35077},"Stolen credentials were, and still are, one of the easiest ways in for an attacker. They're one of the most abundant resources available to attackers online, with billions leaked as a by-product of phishing, malware infections (infostealers), and data breaches, which are packaged up and resold to other criminals. Sure, ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":35079,"content":35081},{"uri":35080},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verified-stolen-credential-detection/",[35082],{"nodeType":867,"value":35083,"marks":35084,"data":35086},"there’s a lot of noise in credential feeds",[35085],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":35088,"marks":35089,"data":35090}," — but it only takes the attacker to get lucky once. And the steady stream of breaches are living proof of the MFA gaps waiting to be exploited.",[],{},"SLH insight box 3",{"sys":35093,"__typename":1636,"content":35094,"name":35105,"title":59},{"id":7263},{"json":35095},{"nodeType":1569,"data":35096,"content":35097},{},[35098],{"nodeType":883,"data":35099,"content":35100},{},[35101],{"nodeType":867,"value":35102,"marks":35103,"data":35104},"A group calling themselves “The Crimson Collective” originally claimed the breach, with Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters becoming the main voice behind the breach at the extortion phase — showing just how interconnected the ecosystem of cybercriminals is.",[],{},"SLH insight box 10",{"sys":35107,"__typename":1636,"content":35108,"name":35119,"title":59},{"id":7433},{"json":35109},{"nodeType":1569,"data":35110,"content":35111},{},[35112],{"nodeType":883,"data":35113,"content":35114},{},[35115],{"nodeType":867,"value":35116,"marks":35117,"data":35118},"An identical attack path was attempted against Co-op, but was detected early enough for the security team to pull the plug on their own network. This significantly reduced the disruption, although customer data was still taken by the attacker.",[],{},"SLH insight box 4",{"sys":35121,"__typename":1636,"content":35122,"name":35145,"title":59},{"id":7455},{"json":35123},{"nodeType":1569,"data":35124,"content":35125},{},[35126],{"nodeType":883,"data":35127,"content":35128},{},[35129,35132,35141],{"nodeType":867,"value":21,"marks":35130,"data":35131},[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":35133,"content":35135},{"uri":35134},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-targeting-jira-with-stolen-credentials/",[35136],{"nodeType":867,"value":35137,"marks":35138,"data":35140},"Jaguar’s Jira tenant was breached",[35139],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":35142,"marks":35143,"data":35144}," by the “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” affiliated “HellCat” group earlier in 2025, which led to an alleged ~350GB of data being stolen. It is highly likely that this inside information from Jira (a platform storing huge amounts of business process information, architectural diagrams, and even improperly stored credentials and secrets) was leveraged in the later ransomware breach.",[],{},"SLH insight box 5",{"sys":35147,"__typename":1636,"content":35148,"name":35159,"title":59},{"id":7547},{"json":35149},{"nodeType":1569,"data":35150,"content":35151},{},[35152],{"nodeType":883,"data":35153,"content":35154},{},[35155],{"nodeType":867,"value":35156,"marks":35157,"data":35158},"The Salesloft breach in fact originated from a developer’s GitHub account being phished, which enabled the attacker to pivot into AWS, steal access tokens, and pivot to downstream customer environments.",[],{},"SLH insight box 6",{"sys":35161,"__typename":1636,"content":35162,"name":35173,"title":59},{"id":7579},{"json":35163},{"nodeType":1569,"data":35164,"content":35165},{},[35166],{"nodeType":883,"data":35167,"content":35168},{},[35169],{"nodeType":867,"value":35170,"marks":35171,"data":35172},"While the CyberHaven attacks were conducted by an unknown threat group, the MO of the attacker — pursuing financial gain, bypassing traditional defenses — is very much in-line with the Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters TTPs observed. ",[],{},"SLH insight box 7",{"sys":35175,"__typename":1636,"content":35176,"name":35198,"title":59},{"id":7781},{"json":35177},{"nodeType":1569,"data":35178,"content":35179},{},[35180],{"nodeType":883,"data":35181,"content":35182},{},[35183,35187,35194],{"nodeType":867,"value":35184,"marks":35185,"data":35186},"One of the common threads from all of these breaches is the risk posed by ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":35188,"content":35189},{"uri":7405},[35190],{"nodeType":867,"value":35191,"marks":35192,"data":35193},"help desk attacks",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":35195,"marks":35196,"data":35197},", but it’s easy to over-index here. Naturally, making it possible for help desk operators to reset MFA for all users (including accounts with dangerous privileges) is always going to be targeted — but is fairly easy to address in principle by requiring escalations for high-risk changes. What is more interesting is that the vast majority of the help desk attacks featured in this article involved a single provider that is now no longer contracted by a number of the victims.",[],{},"SLH insight box 8",{"items":35200},[],{},"Analyzing \"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters\" breaches since 2021",{"items":35204},[35205,35867,36320],{"__typename":1670,"sys":35206,"content":35208,"title":35853,"synopsis":35854,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":35855,"slug":35856,"tagsCollection":35857,"authorsCollection":35863},{"id":35207},"62Zyr35VUmijkpupWk3hoD",{"json":35209},{"data":35210,"content":35211,"nodeType":1569},{},[35212,35228,35235,35238,35246,35253,35260,35280,35286,35293,35300,35307,35314,35317,35325,35332,35338,35345,35353,35360,35367,35373,35391,35397,35404,35411,35418,35424,35427,35435,35453,35460,35492,35499,35506,35512,35519,35526,35533,35536,35544,35560,35566,35573,35580,35586,35593,35600,35603,35611,35618,35638,35682,35689,35696,35703,35706,35714,35721,35728,35735,35738,35746,35753,35784,35804,35811,35814,35821,35828,35835],{"data":35213,"content":35214,"nodeType":883},{},[35215,35219,35224],{"data":35216,"marks":35217,"value":35218,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The view that \"the browser is the new endpoint\" and \"the new battleground for cyber attacks\" is becoming increasingly advocated by security leaders. But what does this ",{"data":35220,"marks":35221,"value":35223,"nodeType":867},{},[35222],{"type":2278},"actually",{"data":35225,"marks":35226,"value":35227,"nodeType":867},{},[]," mean for security teams? ",{"data":35229,"content":35230,"nodeType":883},{},[35231],{"data":35232,"marks":35233,"value":35234,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’re cutting out the jargon to explore what a browser-based attack is, and what’s required for effective detection and response. ",{"data":35236,"content":35237,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":35239,"content":35240,"nodeType":912},{},[35241],{"data":35242,"marks":35243,"value":35245,"nodeType":867},{},[35244],{"type":910},"What is the goal of a browser-based attack?   ",{"data":35247,"content":35248,"nodeType":883},{},[35249],{"data":35250,"marks":35251,"value":35252,"nodeType":867},{},[],"First, it’s important to establish what the point of a browser-based attack is.",{"data":35254,"content":35255,"nodeType":883},{},[35256],{"data":35257,"marks":35258,"value":35259,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In most scenarios, attackers don’t think of themselves as attacking your web browser. Their end-goal is to compromise your business apps and data. That means going after the third-party apps and services that are now the backbone of business IT — and therefore the top target for attackers. ",{"data":35261,"content":35262,"nodeType":883},{},[35263,35267,35276],{"data":35264,"marks":35265,"value":35266,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The most common attack path today sees attackers log into third-party services, dump the data, and monetize it through extortion. You need only look at last year’s ",{"data":35268,"content":35270,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35269},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[35271],{"data":35272,"marks":35273,"value":35275,"nodeType":867},{},[35274],{"type":876},"Snowflake",{"data":35277,"marks":35278,"value":35279,"nodeType":867},{},[]," customer breaches or the still-ongoing Salesforce attacks to see the impact.",{"data":35281,"content":35285,"nodeType":892},{"target":35282},{"sys":35283},{"id":35284,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5agrVXzEdwALmew2F5SPDp",[],{"data":35287,"content":35288,"nodeType":883},{},[35289],{"data":35290,"marks":35291,"value":35292,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The most logical way to do this is by targeting users of those apps. And because of the changes to working practices, your users are more accessible than ever to external attackers.",{"data":35294,"content":35295,"nodeType":883},{},[35296],{"data":35297,"marks":35298,"value":35299,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once upon a time, email was the primary communication channel with the wider world, and work happened locally — on your device, and inside your locked-down network environment. This made email and the endpoint the highest priority from a security perspective. But now, with modern work happening across a network of decentralized internet apps, and more varied communication channels outside of email, it’s harder to stop users from interacting with malicious content (at least, without significantly impeding their ability to do their jobs).",{"data":35301,"content":35302,"nodeType":883},{},[35303],{"data":35304,"marks":35305,"value":35306,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Given that the browser is the place where business apps are accessed and used, it makes sense that attacks are increasingly playing out there too. ",{"data":35308,"content":35309,"nodeType":883},{},[35310],{"data":35311,"marks":35312,"value":35313,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With that covered off, let’s take a closer look at the most prevalent browser-based attack techniques being used by attackers in the wild today.",{"data":35315,"content":35316,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":35318,"content":35319,"nodeType":912},{},[35320],{"data":35321,"marks":35322,"value":35324,"nodeType":867},{},[35323],{"type":910},"The 6 key browser-based attacks that security teams need to know about",{"data":35326,"content":35327,"nodeType":883},{},[35328],{"data":35329,"marks":35330,"value":35331,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks that target users in their web browsers have seen an unprecedented rise in recent years. ",{"data":35333,"content":35337,"nodeType":892},{"target":35334},{"sys":35335},{"id":35336,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4ogNqZdObSIJXavHP44lom",[],{"data":35339,"content":35340,"nodeType":883},{},[35341],{"data":35342,"marks":35343,"value":35344,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here's our breakdown of the top 6 browser-based attacks that should be on every security team's radar right now. ",{"data":35346,"content":35347,"nodeType":921},{},[35348],{"data":35349,"marks":35350,"value":35352,"nodeType":867},{},[35351],{"type":910},"1. Phishing for credentials and sessions",{"data":35354,"content":35355,"nodeType":883},{},[35356],{"data":35357,"marks":35358,"value":35359,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The most direct way for an attacker to compromise a business application is to phish a user of that app. You might not necessarily think of phishing as a browser-based attack, but that’s exactly what it is today. ",{"data":35361,"content":35362,"nodeType":883},{},[35363],{"data":35364,"marks":35365,"value":35366,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing tooling and infrastructure has evolved a lot in the past decade, while the changes to business IT means there are both many more vectors for phishing attack delivery, and apps and identities to target. Attackers can deliver links over instant messenger apps, social media, SMS, malicious ads, and using in-app messenger functionality, as well as sending emails directly from SaaS services to bypass email-based checks. Likewise, there are now hundreds of apps per enterprise to target, with varying levels of account security configuration. ",{"data":35368,"content":35372,"nodeType":892},{"target":35369},{"sys":35370},{"id":35371,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3SrKOgpedLMQRpKIZqUQur",[],{"data":35374,"content":35375,"nodeType":883},{},[35376,35380,35388],{"data":35377,"marks":35378,"value":35379,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Whereas phishing was once entirely focused on credential theft, modern phishing attacks see the attacker intercept the victim’s session on the target app, using reverse-proxy Attacker-in-the-Middle kits that are the standard choice for attackers today. This means most forms of MFA can be bypassed, with the exception of passkeys (though attackers are finding ways to work around passkeys using ",{"data":35381,"content":35383,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35382},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks/?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[35384],{"data":35385,"marks":35386,"value":30803,"nodeType":867},{},[35387],{"type":876},{"data":35389,"marks":35390,"value":8624,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":35392,"content":35396,"nodeType":892},{"target":35393},{"sys":35394},{"id":35395,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2sOFEdAwQZjWOGzNAlGavb",[],{"data":35398,"content":35399,"nodeType":883},{},[35400],{"data":35401,"marks":35402,"value":35403,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are other key differences to be aware of too. Today, phishing operates on an industrial scale, using an array of obfuscation and detection evasion techniques. The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection (e.g. CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using runtime anti-analysis features, and using legitimate SaaS and cloud services to host and deliver phishing links to cover their tracks.",{"data":35405,"content":35406,"nodeType":883},{},[35407],{"data":35408,"marks":35409,"value":35410,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means that traditional anti-phishing tools at the email and network layer are struggling to keep up, with many attacks evading email-based detections (or bypassing email altogether). At the same time, proxy-based solutions now see a garbled mess of JavaScript code without the necessary context of what is actually happening in the browser to be able to piece it together effectively. Even if they don’t realize it, this means many organizations are now relying solely on blocking known-bad sites and hosts — a wildly ineffective solution in 2025 with the rate that attackers refresh and rotate their phishing infrastructure. ",{"data":35412,"content":35413,"nodeType":883},{},[35414],{"data":35415,"marks":35416,"value":35417,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These changes make phishing more effective than ever, and increasingly difficult to detect and block without being able to observe and analyze web pages that a user interacts with in real time — something only possible with browser-level visibility. ",{"data":35419,"content":35423,"nodeType":892},{"target":35420},{"sys":35421},{"id":35422,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1II2kHyOZcShLsexx1TAgy",[],{"data":35425,"content":35426,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":35428,"content":35429,"nodeType":921},{},[35430],{"data":35431,"marks":35432,"value":35434,"nodeType":867},{},[35433],{"type":910},"2. Malicious copy and paste (aka. ClickFix, FileFix, etc.)",{"data":35436,"content":35437,"nodeType":883},{},[35438,35442,35450],{"data":35439,"marks":35440,"value":35441,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the biggest security trends in the past year has been the emergence of the attack technique known as ",{"data":35443,"content":35445,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35444},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/08/21/think-before-you-clickfix-analyzing-the-clickfix-social-engineering-technique/",[35446],{"data":35447,"marks":35448,"value":315,"nodeType":867},{},[35449],{"type":876},{"data":35451,"marks":35452,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":35454,"content":35455,"nodeType":883},{},[35456],{"data":35457,"marks":35458,"value":35459,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Originally known as “Fake CAPTCHA”, these attacks attempt to trick users into running malicious commands on their device — typically by solving some form of verification challenge in the browser. ",{"data":35461,"content":35462,"nodeType":883},{},[35463,35467,35476,35480,35489],{"data":35464,"marks":35465,"value":35466,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In reality, by solving the challenge, the victim is actually copying malicious code from the page clipboard and running it on their device. It typically gives the victim instructions that involve clicking prompts and copying, pasting, and running commands directly in the Windows Run dialog box, Terminal, or PowerShell. Variants such as ",{"data":35468,"content":35470,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35469},"https://mrd0x.com/filefix-clickfix-alternative/",[35471],{"data":35472,"marks":35473,"value":35475,"nodeType":867},{},[35474],{"type":876},"FileFix",{"data":35477,"marks":35478,"value":35479,"nodeType":867},{},[]," have also emerged which instead uses the File Explorer Address Bar to execute OS commands, while recent examples have seen this attack branch out to ",{"data":35481,"content":35483,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35482},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fake-mac-fixes-trick-users-into-installing-new-shamos-infostealer/",[35484],{"data":35485,"marks":35486,"value":35488,"nodeType":867},{},[35487],{"type":876},"Mac via the macOS terminal",{"data":35490,"marks":35491,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":35493,"content":35494,"nodeType":883},{},[35495],{"data":35496,"marks":35497,"value":35498,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most commonly, these attacks are used to deliver infostealer malware, using stolen session cookies and credentials to access business apps and services. ",{"data":35500,"content":35501,"nodeType":883},{},[35502],{"data":35503,"marks":35504,"value":35505,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Like modern credential and session phishing, links to malicious pages are distributed over various delivery channels and using a variety of lures, including impersonating CAPTCHA, Cloudflare Turnstile, simulating an error loading a webpage, and many more. ",{"data":35507,"content":35511,"nodeType":892},{"target":35508},{"sys":35509},{"id":35510,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6O9YiOfhpGFCDsTil9F3On",[],{"data":35513,"content":35514,"nodeType":883},{},[35515],{"data":35516,"marks":35517,"value":35518,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The variance in lure, and differences between different versions of the same lure, can make it difficult to fingerprint and detect based on visual elements alone. Also, many of the same protections being used to obfuscate and prevent analysis of phishing pages also apply to ClickFix pages, making it equally challenging to detect and block them. ",{"data":35520,"content":35521,"nodeType":883},{},[35522],{"data":35523,"marks":35524,"value":35525,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This leaves most of the detection and blocking down to endpoint-layer controls around user-level code execution and malware running on a device. The quantity of ClickFix-related headlines in the news would indicate that endpoint controls are being routinely bypassed, or perhaps evaded altogether by targeting personal or BYOD devices. ",{"data":35527,"content":35528,"nodeType":883},{},[35529],{"data":35530,"marks":35531,"value":35532,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is a significant opportunity to detect these attacks in the browser and stop them at the earliest opportunity, before they reach the endpoint. Every ClickFix attack and variant has a key action in common — malicious code is copied from the page’s clipboard. In some cases, this happens without any user interaction (where the only requirement on the user is to run code that has been silently copied behind the scenes), presenting a strong indicator of malicious behavior that can be observed in the browser. ",{"data":35534,"content":35535,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":35537,"content":35538,"nodeType":921},{},[35539],{"data":35540,"marks":35541,"value":35543,"nodeType":867},{},[35542],{"type":910},"3. Malicious OAuth integrations",{"data":35545,"content":35546,"nodeType":883},{},[35547,35551,35557],{"data":35548,"marks":35549,"value":35550,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malicious OAuth integrations are another way for attackers to compromise an app by tricking a user into authorizing an integration with a malicious, attacker-controlled app, with the level of data access and functionality dictated by the scopes authorized in the request. This is also known as ",{"data":35552,"content":35553,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25609},[35554],{"data":35555,"marks":35556,"value":19145,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":35558,"marks":35559,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":35561,"content":35565,"nodeType":892},{"target":35562},{"sys":35563},{"id":35564,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5JaP4WSfFsFSbvaa9BQBOq",[],{"data":35567,"content":35568,"nodeType":883},{},[35569],{"data":35570,"marks":35571,"value":35572,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is an effective way for attackers to bypass hardened authentication and access controls by sidestepping the typical login process to take over an account and compromise business apps. This includes phishing-resistant MFA methods like passkeys — since the standard login process does not apply. ",{"data":35574,"content":35575,"nodeType":883},{},[35576],{"data":35577,"marks":35578,"value":35579,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A variant of this attack has dominated the headlines recently with the ongoing Salesforce breaches. In this scenario, the attacker tricked the victim into authorizing an attacker-controlled OAuth app via the device code authorization flow in Salesforce, which requires the user to enter an 8-digit code in place of a password or MFA factor.",{"data":35581,"content":35585,"nodeType":892},{"target":35582},{"sys":35583},{"id":35584,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3odEFcUcpKN553gHh2P5yr",[],{"data":35587,"content":35588,"nodeType":883},{},[35589],{"data":35590,"marks":35591,"value":35592,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Preventing malicious OAuth grants being authorized requires tight in-app management of user permissions and tenant security settings. This is no mean feat when considering the 100s of apps in use across the modern enterprise, many of which are not centrally managed by IT and security teams (or in some cases, are completely unknown to them). Even then, you’re limited by the controls made available by the app vendor. In this case, Salesforce has announced planned changes to OAuth app authorization in order to improve security prompted by these attacks — but many more apps with insecure configs exist for attackers to take advantage of in future. ",{"data":35594,"content":35595,"nodeType":883},{},[35596],{"data":35597,"marks":35598,"value":35599,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, unlike app-specific integrations, browser-based security tools are well positioned to observe OAuth grants across all apps accessed in the browser — even the ones the security team doesn’t manage or know about, or without needing to pay for the app’s special security add-on to get visibility.",{"data":35601,"content":35602,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":35604,"content":35605,"nodeType":921},{},[35606],{"data":35607,"marks":35608,"value":35610,"nodeType":867},{},[35609],{"type":910},"4. Malicious browser extensions",{"data":35612,"content":35613,"nodeType":883},{},[35614],{"data":35615,"marks":35616,"value":35617,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions are another way for attackers to compromise your business apps by observing and capturing logins as they happen, and/or extracting session cookies and credentials saved in the browser cache and password manager. ",{"data":35619,"content":35620,"nodeType":883},{},[35621,35625,35634],{"data":35622,"marks":35623,"value":35624,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers do this by creating their own malicious extension and tricking your users into installing it, or taking over an existing extension to gain access to browsers where it is already installed (",{"data":35626,"content":35628,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35627},"https://secureannex.com/blog/buying-browser-extensions/",[35629],{"data":35630,"marks":35631,"value":35633,"nodeType":867},{},[35632],{"type":876},"it’s very easy for attackers to buy and add malicious updates to existing extensions",{"data":35635,"marks":35636,"value":35637,"nodeType":867},{},[],", easily passing extension web store security checks). ",{"data":35639,"content":35640,"nodeType":883},{},[35641,35645,35654,35658,35667,35670,35679],{"data":35642,"marks":35643,"value":35644,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The news around extension-based compromises has been on the rise since the ",{"data":35646,"content":35648,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35647},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-details-reveal-how-hackers-hijacked-35-google-chrome-extensions/",[35649],{"data":35650,"marks":35651,"value":35653,"nodeType":867},{},[35652],{"type":876},"Cyberhaven extension",{"data":35655,"marks":35656,"value":35657,"nodeType":867},{},[]," was hacked in December 2024, along with at least 35 other extensions. Since then, there has been regular reporting on data-stealing extensions ",{"data":35659,"content":35661,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35660},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/data-stealing-chrome-extensions-impersonate-fortinet-youtube-vpns/",[35662],{"data":35663,"marks":35664,"value":35666,"nodeType":867},{},[35665],{"type":876},"impersonating legitimate brands",{"data":35668,"marks":35669,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":35671,"content":35673,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35672},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/chrome-extensions-with-6-million-installs-have-hidden-tracking-code/",[35674],{"data":35675,"marks":35676,"value":35678,"nodeType":867},{},[35677],{"type":876},"impacting millions of users",{"data":35680,"marks":35681,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":35683,"content":35684,"nodeType":883},{},[35685],{"data":35686,"marks":35687,"value":35688,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Risky browser extension permissions include broad data access, the ability to modify website content, track user activity, capture screenshots, and manage tabs or network requests. Permissions like \"read and change all data on all websites\" or access to cookies and browsing history are particularly dangerous as they can be exploited for session hijacking, data theft, malware injection, or phishing.",{"data":35690,"content":35691,"nodeType":883},{},[35692],{"data":35693,"marks":35694,"value":35695,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Generally, your employees should not be randomly installing browser extensions unless pre-approved by your security team. The reality, however, is that many organizations have very little visibility of the extensions their employees are using, and the potential risk they’re exposed to as a result. ",{"data":35697,"content":35698,"nodeType":883},{},[35699],{"data":35700,"marks":35701,"value":35702,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To tackle malicious extensions, security tools operating in the browser can track the browser extensions deployed, highlight risky permissions, compare with known-malicious extensions, identify fraudulent/unofficial versions of a legitimate extension, and highlight other risky properties commonly associated with malicious extensions (e.g. “Developer” extensions). ",{"data":35704,"content":35705,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":35707,"content":35708,"nodeType":921},{},[35709],{"data":35710,"marks":35711,"value":35713,"nodeType":867},{},[35712],{"type":910},"5. Malicious file delivery",{"data":35715,"content":35716,"nodeType":883},{},[35717],{"data":35718,"marks":35719,"value":35720,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malicious files have been a core part of malware delivery and credential theft for many years. Just as non-email channels like malvertising and drive-by attacks are used to deliver phishing and ClickFix lures, malicious files are also distributed through similar means — leaving malicious file detection to basic known-bad checks, sandbox analysis using a proxy (not that useful in the context of sandbox-aware malware) or runtime analysis on the endpoint. ",{"data":35722,"content":35723,"nodeType":883},{},[35724],{"data":35725,"marks":35726,"value":35727,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This doesn’t just have to be malicious executables directly dropping malware onto the device. File downloads can also contain additional links taking the user to malicious content. In fact, one of the most common types of downloadable content are HTML Applications (HTAs), commonly used to spawn local phishing pages to stealthily capture credentials. More recently, attackers have been weaponizing SVG files for a similar purpose, running as self-contained phishing pages that render fake login portals entirely client-side. ",{"data":35729,"content":35730,"nodeType":883},{},[35731],{"data":35732,"marks":35733,"value":35734,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even if malicious content cannot always be flagged from surface-level inspection of a file, recording file downloads in the browser is a useful addition to endpoint-based malware protection, and provides another layer of defense against file downloads that perform client-side attacks, or redirect the user to malicious web-based content. ",{"data":35736,"content":35737,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":35739,"content":35740,"nodeType":921},{},[35741],{"data":35742,"marks":35743,"value":35745,"nodeType":867},{},[35744],{"type":910},"6. Stolen credentials and MFA gaps",{"data":35747,"content":35748,"nodeType":883},{},[35749],{"data":35750,"marks":35751,"value":35752,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This last one isn’t so much a browser-based attack, but it is a product of them. When credentials are stolen through phishing or infostealer malware they can be used to take over accounts missing MFA. ",{"data":35754,"content":35755,"nodeType":883},{},[35756,35760,35767,35771,35780],{"data":35757,"marks":35758,"value":35759,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This isn’t the most sophisticated attack, but it’s very effective. You need only look at last year’s ",{"data":35761,"content":35762,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35269},[35763],{"data":35764,"marks":35765,"value":35275,"nodeType":867},{},[35766],{"type":876},{"data":35768,"marks":35769,"value":35770,"nodeType":867},{},[]," account compromises or the ",{"data":35772,"content":35774,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35773},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-targeting-jira-with-stolen-credentials?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[35775],{"data":35776,"marks":35777,"value":35779,"nodeType":867},{},[35778],{"type":876},"Jira",{"data":35781,"marks":35782,"value":35783,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks earlier this year to see how attackers harness stolen credentials at scale. ",{"data":35785,"content":35786,"nodeType":883},{},[35787,35791,35800],{"data":35788,"marks":35789,"value":35790,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With the modern enterprise using hundreds of apps, the likelihood that an app hasn’t been configured for mandatory MFA (if possible) is high. And even when an app has been configured for SSO and connected to your primary corporate identity, ",{"data":35792,"content":35794,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35793},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=sidebar",[35795],{"data":35796,"marks":35797,"value":35799,"nodeType":867},{},[35798],{"type":876},"local “ghost logins” can continue to exist",{"data":35801,"marks":35802,"value":35803,"nodeType":867},{},[],", accepting passwords with no MFA required. Just having visibility of your primary Identity Provider accounts (e.g. Google, Microsoft, Okta) and SSO-connected apps doesn't give you a full picture of your identity surface.",{"data":35805,"content":35806,"nodeType":883},{},[35807],{"data":35808,"marks":35809,"value":35810,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Logins can also be observed in the browser — in fact, it’s as close to a universal source of truth as you’re going to get about how your employees are actually logging in, which apps they’re using, and whether MFA is present, enabling security teams to find and fix vulnerable logins before they can be exploited by attackers. ",{"data":35812,"content":35813,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":35815,"content":35816,"nodeType":912},{},[35817],{"data":35818,"marks":35819,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[35820],{"type":910},{"data":35822,"content":35823,"nodeType":883},{},[35824],{"data":35825,"marks":35826,"value":35827,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks are increasingly happening in the browser. That makes it the perfect place to detect and respond to these attacks. But right now, the browser is a blind-spot for most security teams. ",{"data":35829,"content":35830,"nodeType":883},{},[35831],{"data":35832,"marks":35833,"value":35834,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":35836,"content":35837,"nodeType":883},{},[35838,35842,35850],{"data":35839,"marks":35840,"value":35841,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and stop attacks in the browser, ",{"data":35843,"content":35845,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35844},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[35846],{"data":35847,"marks":35848,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[35849],{"type":876},{"data":35851,"marks":35852,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"6 browser-based attacks every security team should be prepared for","What security teams need to know about the browser-based attack techniques that are the leading cause of breaches.","2025-09-05T00:00:00.000Z","6-browser-based-attacks-every-security-team-should-be-prepared-for",{"items":35858},[35859,35861],{"sys":35860,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":35862,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":35864},[35865],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":35866},{"url":2541},{"__typename":1670,"sys":35868,"content":35870,"title":36306,"synopsis":36307,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":36308,"slug":36309,"tagsCollection":36310,"authorsCollection":36316},{"id":35869},"4vPEPmjd8MOlARD7oXfOrj",{"json":35871},{"data":35872,"content":35873,"nodeType":1569},{},[35874,35891,35907,35913,35920,35927,35930,35938,35956,35963,35969,35976,35982,35989,35995,36002,36008,36015,36021,36024,36032,36050,36056,36064,36084,36092,36124,36131,36139,36159,36167,36187,36193,36196,36203,36222,36229,36234,36237,36244,36260,36267,36274,36280],{"data":35875,"content":35876,"nodeType":883},{},[35877,35881,35888],{"data":35878,"marks":35879,"value":35880,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push recently detected and blocked a high-risk LinkedIn phishing attack that demonstrated a number of crafty (and increasingly common) ",{"data":35882,"content":35883,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3066},[35884],{"data":35885,"marks":35886,"value":9945,"nodeType":867},{},[35887],{"type":876},{"data":35889,"marks":35890,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":35892,"content":35893,"nodeType":883},{},[35894,35898,35903],{"data":35895,"marks":35896,"value":35897,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing via LinkedIn is increasingly common, although it often goes undetected and unreported. This is to be expected when most of the industry’s data on phishing attacks comes from email security vendors and tools. In contrast to email-centric reporting, ",{"data":35899,"marks":35900,"value":35902,"nodeType":867},{},[35901],{"type":910},"34% of the phishing attacks intercepted by Push last month came through non-email channels",{"data":35904,"marks":35905,"value":35906,"nodeType":867},{},[]," like social media, IM platforms, malicious search engine ads, and in-app communications. ",{"data":35908,"content":35912,"nodeType":892},{"target":35909},{"sys":35910},{"id":35911,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7i8panfdFUqW9wqYkd9uDc",[],{"data":35914,"content":35915,"nodeType":883},{},[35916],{"data":35917,"marks":35918,"value":35919,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing via LinkedIn is a great way to catch victims unawares and evade traditionally email-based anti-phishing controls. While often used for work and commonly accessed from corporate devices, it sits outside the purview of enterprise security tools, exploiting a visibility and control blind spot. ",{"data":35921,"content":35922,"nodeType":883},{},[35923],{"data":35924,"marks":35925,"value":35926,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s break it down. ",{"data":35928,"content":35929,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":35931,"content":35932,"nodeType":912},{},[35933],{"data":35934,"marks":35935,"value":35937,"nodeType":867},{},[35936],{"type":910},"Phishing attack breakdown",{"data":35939,"content":35940,"nodeType":883},{},[35941,35945,35953],{"data":35942,"marks":35943,"value":35944,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The victim was sent a malicious link via LinkedIn DM relating to a fake investment opportunity for executives ",{"data":35946,"content":35948,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35947},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/linkedin-phishing-targets-finance-execs-with-fake-board-invites/",[35949],{"data":35950,"marks":35951,"value":35952,"nodeType":867},{},[],"to join the executive board of a newly created \"Common Wealth\" investment fund.",{"data":35954,"marks":35955,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":35957,"content":35958,"nodeType":883},{},[35959],{"data":35960,"marks":35961,"value":35962,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After clicking the link, they were redirected three times — via Google Search, and then payrails-canaccord[.]icu/(redacted) — before being sent to a custom landing page hosted on firebasestorage.googleapis[.]com/(redacted). ",{"data":35964,"content":35968,"nodeType":892},{"target":35965},{"sys":35966},{"id":35967,"type":889,"linkType":890},"65PeJOKzn6Ba7FDUQRae3Q",[],{"data":35970,"content":35971,"nodeType":883},{},[35972],{"data":35973,"marks":35974,"value":35975,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Upon clicking on one of the document links on the page, the victim is prompted to “view with Microsoft”. ",{"data":35977,"content":35981,"nodeType":892},{"target":35978},{"sys":35979},{"id":35980,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4f27KuwTRx1Do59rs3JoVl",[],{"data":35983,"content":35984,"nodeType":883},{},[35985],{"data":35986,"marks":35987,"value":35988,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The user is then met with a Cloudflare Turnstile gate challenge at login.kggpho[.]icu before the page will fully render, and malicious content is loaded. ",{"data":35990,"content":35994,"nodeType":892},{"target":35991},{"sys":35992},{"id":35993,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3lpVmLBZSocOSGdlCKhKnD",[],{"data":35996,"content":35997,"nodeType":883},{},[35998],{"data":35999,"marks":36000,"value":36001,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Microsoft-impersonating AITM phishing page is then served to the victim. Entering credentials and completing the MFA check will result in their Microsoft session being stolen by the attacker. ",{"data":36003,"content":36007,"nodeType":892},{"target":36004},{"sys":36005},{"id":36006,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5FCa4EJwyux13K9KBT3nd4",[],{"data":36009,"content":36010,"nodeType":883},{},[36011],{"data":36012,"marks":36013,"value":36014,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can see the full timeline of events in the Detection Timeline below. ",{"data":36016,"content":36020,"nodeType":892},{"target":36017},{"sys":36018},{"id":36019,"type":889,"linkType":890},"8lizkPJcGdZhtWFV2QEwQ",[],{"data":36022,"content":36023,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":36025,"content":36026,"nodeType":912},{},[36027],{"data":36028,"marks":36029,"value":36031,"nodeType":867},{},[36030],{"type":910},"Detection evasion techniques observed",{"data":36033,"content":36034,"nodeType":883},{},[36035,36039,36046],{"data":36036,"marks":36037,"value":36038,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker used a number of ",{"data":36040,"content":36041,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3066},[36042],{"data":36043,"marks":36044,"value":9945,"nodeType":867},{},[36045],{"type":876},{"data":36047,"marks":36048,"value":36049,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to prevent the phishing site being analysed and detected by security tools. ",{"data":36051,"content":36055,"nodeType":892},{"target":36052},{"sys":36053},{"id":36054,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7q9D1MREwTCCpnjvZZ5wk1",[],{"data":36057,"content":36058,"nodeType":921},{},[36059],{"data":36060,"marks":36061,"value":36063,"nodeType":867},{},[36062],{"type":910},"LinkedIn delivery",{"data":36065,"content":36066,"nodeType":883},{},[36067,36071,36080],{"data":36068,"marks":36069,"value":36070,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we mentioned above, sending phishing lures via ",{"data":36072,"content":36074,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36073},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/social-media/",[36075],{"data":36076,"marks":36077,"value":36079,"nodeType":867},{},[36078],{"type":876},"social media apps",{"data":36081,"marks":36082,"value":36083,"nodeType":867},{},[]," like LinkedIn is a great way to reach employees in a place that they expect to be contacted by people outside of their organization. By evading the traditional phishing control point altogether (email) attackers significantly reduce the risk of interception. ",{"data":36085,"content":36086,"nodeType":921},{},[36087],{"data":36088,"marks":36089,"value":36091,"nodeType":867},{},[36090],{"type":910},"Lengthy redirect chain through trusted sites",{"data":36093,"content":36094,"nodeType":883},{},[36095,36099,36107,36111,36120],{"data":36096,"marks":36097,"value":36098,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers use ",{"data":36100,"content":36101,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3190},[36102],{"data":36103,"marks":36104,"value":36106,"nodeType":867},{},[36105],{"type":876},"lengthy redirect chains",{"data":36108,"marks":36109,"value":36110,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in combination with hosting pages on ",{"data":36112,"content":36114,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36113},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/trusted-website-hosting/",[36115],{"data":36116,"marks":36117,"value":36119,"nodeType":867},{},[36118],{"type":876},"legitimate, trusted sites",{"data":36121,"marks":36122,"value":36123,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (in this case Firebase, Google’s app development platform). This is a technique we see a lot, with various Google and Microsoft sites cropping up time and again, including Google Forms, Google Sites, Google Script, Google AMP, Microsoft Dynamics, SharePoint, Azure Front Door, and many more, all used by attackers as part of their phishing attacks. ",{"data":36125,"content":36126,"nodeType":883},{},[36127],{"data":36128,"marks":36129,"value":36130,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Legitimate services are less likely to be flagged by link analysis tools and effectively cloak the initial URL delivered to the victim to increase the chance of successful delivery of and access to the link, while many services are excluded from page scanning tools owing to their association with trusted domains. ",{"data":36132,"content":36133,"nodeType":921},{},[36134],{"data":36135,"marks":36136,"value":36138,"nodeType":867},{},[36137],{"type":910},"Bot protection",{"data":36140,"content":36141,"nodeType":883},{},[36142,36146,36155],{"data":36143,"marks":36144,"value":36145,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers are using common ",{"data":36147,"content":36149,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36148},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/bot-protection/",[36150],{"data":36151,"marks":36152,"value":36154,"nodeType":867},{},[36153],{"type":876},"bot protection",{"data":36156,"marks":36157,"value":36158,"nodeType":867},{},[]," technologies like CAPTCHA and Cloudflare Turnstile to prevent security bots from accessing their web pages to be able to analyse them (and therefore block pages from being automatically flagged). This requires anyone visiting the page to pass a bot check/challenge before the page can be loaded, meaning the full page cannot be analysed by automated tools. ",{"data":36160,"content":36161,"nodeType":921},{},[36162],{"data":36163,"marks":36164,"value":36166,"nodeType":867},{},[36165],{"type":910},"Page obfuscation",{"data":36168,"content":36169,"nodeType":883},{},[36170,36174,36183],{"data":36171,"marks":36172,"value":36173,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing pages ",{"data":36175,"content":36177,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36176},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/page-obfuscation/",[36178],{"data":36179,"marks":36180,"value":36182,"nodeType":867},{},[36181],{"type":876},"change and even randomize elements of the page",{"data":36184,"marks":36185,"value":36186,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to avoid static fingerprints and defeat comparison-based checks against real pages. This includes the page title, text, images, backgrounds, logos, favicons, etc. — all of which may be signatured components using web page analysis tools. These elements can even be embedded in an encoded form so it isn’t present in the initial HTML, and is instead dynamically set at runtime when loaded. As an example, you can see that the page randomly generated the tab header text.",{"data":36188,"content":36192,"nodeType":892},{"target":36189},{"sys":36190},{"id":36191,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2bbOZC9M4y69ACDy7bn209",[],{"data":36194,"content":36195,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":36197,"content":36198,"nodeType":912},{},[36199],{"data":36200,"marks":36201,"value":3056,"nodeType":867},{},[36202],{"type":910},{"data":36204,"content":36205,"nodeType":883},{},[36206,36210,36218],{"data":36207,"marks":36208,"value":36209,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re seeing ",{"data":36211,"content":36212,"nodeType":878},{"uri":13546},[36213],{"data":36214,"marks":36215,"value":36217,"nodeType":867},{},[36216],{"type":876},"many phishing campaigns pivoting to social media apps like LinkedIn",{"data":36219,"marks":36220,"value":36221,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and organizations should be on guard against this attack vector, which is highly effective at evading common anti-phishing controls.  ",{"data":36223,"content":36224,"nodeType":883},{},[36225],{"data":36226,"marks":36227,"value":36228,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Just because the attack happens over LinkedIn doesn’t lessen the impact — these are corporate credentials and accounts being targeted, even if it is nominally a “personal” application. Taking over a core identity like a Microsoft or Google account can have wide-ranging consequences, putting data at risk in both core apps and any downstream apps that can be accessed via SSO from the compromised account. ",{"data":36230,"content":36233,"nodeType":892},{"target":36231},{"sys":36232},{"id":19636,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":36235,"content":36236,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":36238,"content":36239,"nodeType":912},{},[36240],{"data":36241,"marks":36242,"value":19566,"nodeType":867},{},[36243],{"type":910},{"data":36245,"content":36246,"nodeType":883},{},[36247,36250,36257],{"data":36248,"marks":36249,"value":19586,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36251,"content":36252,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3066},[36253],{"data":36254,"marks":36255,"value":19594,"nodeType":867},{},[36256],{"type":876},{"data":36258,"marks":36259,"value":19598,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36261,"content":36262,"nodeType":883},{},[36263],{"data":36264,"marks":36265,"value":36266,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This isn’t all we do: Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":36268,"content":36269,"nodeType":883},{},[36270],{"data":36271,"marks":36272,"value":36273,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Check out the demo below to see Push detect and block this attack in real-time. ",{"data":36275,"content":36279,"nodeType":892},{"target":36276},{"sys":36277},{"id":36278,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5VsFECWlJ1HNGtC0jUcPjH",[],{"data":36281,"content":36282,"nodeType":883},{},[36283,36286,36293,36296,36303],{"data":36284,"marks":36285,"value":6838,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36287,"content":36288,"nodeType":878},{"uri":6841},[36289],{"data":36290,"marks":36291,"value":6847,"nodeType":867},{},[36292],{"type":876},{"data":36294,"marks":36295,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36297,"content":36298,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[36299],{"data":36300,"marks":36301,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[36302],{"type":876},{"data":36304,"marks":36305,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"New phishing campaign identified targeting LinkedIn users","Diving into the latest sophisticated LinkedIn phishing campaign intercepted by Push. ","2025-10-30T00:00:00.000Z","new-phishing-campaign-identified-targeting-linkedin-users",{"items":36311},[36312,36314],{"sys":36313,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":36315,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":36317},[36318],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":36319},{"url":2541},{"__typename":1670,"sys":36321,"content":36323,"title":36982,"synopsis":36983,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":36984,"slug":36985,"tagsCollection":36986,"authorsCollection":36992},{"id":36322},"7dqGkFzSMA00bIJ94rW4na",{"json":36324},{"data":36325,"content":36326,"nodeType":1569},{},[36327,36334,36341,36347,36372,36392,36395,36403,36410,36417,36425,36445,36448,36456,36463,36469,36476,36482,36485,36493,36500,36507,36530,36537,36570,36577,36585,36604,36611,36617,36644,36674,36682,36689,36696,36729,36732,36740,36760,36767,36790,36797,36803,36806,36814,36821,36947,36950,36958,36965],{"data":36328,"content":36329,"nodeType":883},{},[36330],{"data":36331,"marks":36332,"value":36333,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As awareness grows around many MFA methods being “phishable” (i.e. not phishing resistant), passwordless authentication methods are being increasingly advocated. ",{"data":36335,"content":36336,"nodeType":883},{},[36337],{"data":36338,"marks":36339,"value":36340,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a good thing. The most commonly used MFA factors (like SMS codes, push notifications, and app-based OTP) are routinely bypassed, with modern reverse-proxy phishing kits the most common method. ",{"data":36342,"content":36346,"nodeType":892},{"target":36343},{"sys":36344},{"id":36345,"type":889,"linkType":890},"ImwzE2R9qaHaqlWn0GqIa",[],{"data":36348,"content":36349,"nodeType":883},{},[36350,36354,36359,36363,36368],{"data":36351,"marks":36352,"value":36353,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Often referred to as a “passkey”, passwordless authentication typically consists of a hardware security device that is built-into your laptop (e.g. the fingerprint sensor on a laptop) or something you plug into your device (e.g. a Yubikey). Because passkey-based logins are domain-bound, trying to use a passkey for ",{"data":36355,"marks":36356,"value":36358,"nodeType":867},{},[36357],{"type":876},"microsoft.com",{"data":36360,"marks":36361,"value":36362,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on ",{"data":36364,"marks":36365,"value":36367,"nodeType":867},{},[36366],{"type":876},"phishing.com",{"data":36369,"marks":36370,"value":36371,"nodeType":867},{},[]," simply won’t generate the correct value to pass the authentication check, even when proxied using an AitM kit. ",{"data":36373,"content":36374,"nodeType":883},{},[36375,36379,36389],{"data":36376,"marks":36377,"value":36378,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, attackers have realized that even as these new phishing-resistant methods are starting to become used, most users still have alternative MFA methods active. The attacker can then do what’s called a ",{"data":36380,"content":36382,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36381},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_downgrade/description.md",[36383],{"data":36384,"marks":36385,"value":36388,"nodeType":867},{},[36386,36387],{"type":876},{"type":910},"downgrade attack",{"data":36390,"marks":36391,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36393,"content":36394,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":36396,"content":36397,"nodeType":912},{},[36398],{"data":36399,"marks":36400,"value":36402,"nodeType":867},{},[36401],{"type":910},"Downgrade attacks 101",{"data":36404,"content":36405,"nodeType":883},{},[36406],{"data":36407,"marks":36408,"value":36409,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When conducting an Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing attack, the attacker doesn’t need to relay 100% of the messages accurately. Instead, they can alter some of them. The app might ask the user “You need to MFA — do you want to use your passkey, or your backup authenticator code?”, but the phishing website might modify this page to say “You need to MFA — use your backup authenticator code” not giving you the option to use your secure passkey. This is called a downgrade attack.",{"data":36411,"content":36412,"nodeType":883},{},[36413],{"data":36414,"marks":36415,"value":36416,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This can also be applied to accounts that use SSO as the default login method. In this scenario, the phish kit can select a backup username and password option to allow the phishing attack to proceed.  ",{"data":36418,"content":36419,"nodeType":883},{},[36420],{"data":36421,"marks":36422,"value":36424,"nodeType":867},{},[36423],{"type":910},"So, you have a situation where even if a phishing-resistant login method exists, the presence of a less secure backup method means the account is still vulnerable to phishing attacks. ",{"data":36426,"content":36427,"nodeType":883},{},[36428,36432,36441],{"data":36429,"marks":36430,"value":36431,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These attacks are effective across a number of sites and login methods that support passkey-based logins, for example, Windows Hello, Okta FastPass, and Google Workspace. As an example, here’s a link to a ",{"data":36433,"content":36435,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36434},"https://github.com/yudasm/WHfB-o365-Phishlet",[36436],{"data":36437,"marks":36438,"value":36440,"nodeType":867},{},[36439],{"type":876},"custom phishlet for Evilginx",{"data":36442,"marks":36443,"value":36444,"nodeType":867},{},[]," targeting Windows Hello for Business. A small caveat is that changes made by Microsoft have since broken this plugin, but we were able to write our own custom phishlet to achieve the same outcome. ",{"data":36446,"content":36447,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":36449,"content":36450,"nodeType":912},{},[36451],{"data":36452,"marks":36453,"value":36455,"nodeType":867},{},[36454],{"type":910},"MFA downgrade in action",{"data":36457,"content":36458,"nodeType":883},{},[36459],{"data":36460,"marks":36461,"value":36462,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Check out the video below to see an example of using Evilginx with a custom phishlet to downgrade authentication for a Microsoft account using Windows Hello. ",{"data":36464,"content":36468,"nodeType":892},{"target":36465},{"sys":36466},{"id":36467,"type":889,"linkType":890},"54I3YQ2gK26a8FIocQ3WYT",[],{"data":36470,"content":36471,"nodeType":883},{},[36472],{"data":36473,"marks":36474,"value":36475,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve encountered similar functionality in criminal phishing platforms we’ve investigated such as Tycoon — in this case, targeting Google accounts. This snippet is notable in that it includes JavaScript to abuse UI features to bypass passkeys.",{"data":36477,"content":36481,"nodeType":892},{"target":36478},{"sys":36479},{"id":36480,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5Vya1VApSisr0000HuTLY2",[],{"data":36483,"content":36484,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":36486,"content":36487,"nodeType":912},{},[36488],{"data":36489,"marks":36490,"value":36492,"nodeType":867},{},[36491],{"type":910},"Mitigations (and challenges)",{"data":36494,"content":36495,"nodeType":883},{},[36496],{"data":36497,"marks":36498,"value":36499,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MFA downgrade is made possible by the existence of backup authentication methods. So the obvious solution is to remove backup/unused login and MFA methods from your accounts, ensuring you’re accessing apps using SSO from a hardened Identity Provider (IdP) account (e.g. Okta, Entra, Google Workspace). ",{"data":36501,"content":36502,"nodeType":883},{},[36503],{"data":36504,"marks":36505,"value":36506,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the ideal world, you’d be:",{"data":36508,"content":36509,"nodeType":1526},{},[36510,36520],{"data":36511,"content":36512,"nodeType":1505},{},[36513],{"data":36514,"content":36515,"nodeType":883},{},[36516],{"data":36517,"marks":36518,"value":36519,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using only one IdP account, which you access via passkey, with no backup methods.",{"data":36521,"content":36522,"nodeType":1505},{},[36523],{"data":36524,"content":36525,"nodeType":883},{},[36526],{"data":36527,"marks":36528,"value":36529,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Accessing all business apps using SSO from your locked-down IdP account. ",{"data":36531,"content":36532,"nodeType":883},{},[36533],{"data":36534,"marks":36535,"value":36536,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The reality is way different, though. Because going totally passwordless is hard. It requires a large investment of time, money, and training for end-users. You’ll find many cautionary tales of companies starting on their passkey adoption journey and ultimately failing to make it a reality. This is largely because:",{"data":36538,"content":36539,"nodeType":1526},{},[36540,36550,36560],{"data":36541,"content":36542,"nodeType":1505},{},[36543],{"data":36544,"content":36545,"nodeType":883},{},[36546],{"data":36547,"marks":36548,"value":36549,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In environments with a mix of older and newer infrastructure, it can be challenging to get complete coverage. ",{"data":36551,"content":36552,"nodeType":1505},{},[36553],{"data":36554,"content":36555,"nodeType":883},{},[36556],{"data":36557,"marks":36558,"value":36559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Not every device comes with an in-built biometric identification method, so you need to use a second device — which employees may struggle with (especially when they lose it and aren’t familiar with how to regain account access).",{"data":36561,"content":36562,"nodeType":1505},{},[36563],{"data":36564,"content":36565,"nodeType":883},{},[36566],{"data":36567,"marks":36568,"value":36569,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most apps don’t allow you to log in directly with a passkey, meaning you need to SSO from your IdP account. But many apps don’t support every preferred SSO provider, and fail to provide SAML support, so there can be gaps.  ",{"data":36571,"content":36572,"nodeType":883},{},[36573],{"data":36574,"marks":36575,"value":36576,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And ultimately, because of the self-service, product-led growth fuelled nature of most online services today, it’s easy for users to slip back into using passwords — and hard for security teams to find and remove them (particularly if an app isn’t centrally managed). And the level of support that different apps provide users and administrators to secure how they access their services varies significantly. ",{"data":36578,"content":36579,"nodeType":921},{},[36580],{"data":36581,"marks":36582,"value":36584,"nodeType":867},{},[36583],{"type":910},"Most apps make removing phishable authentication hard",{"data":36586,"content":36587,"nodeType":883},{},[36588,36592,36600],{"data":36589,"marks":36590,"value":36591,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While some providers are taking steps to go passwordless by default, which makes it easier to remove passwords (e.g. ",{"data":36593,"content":36595,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36594},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/microsoft-entra-blog/introducing-password-removal-for-microsoft-accounts/2747280",[36596],{"data":36597,"marks":36598,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[36599],{"type":876},{"data":36601,"marks":36602,"value":36603,"nodeType":867},{},[]," recently made a big deal of its desire to get rid of passwords), the quality of identity security management functionality varies significantly from app to app. ",{"data":36605,"content":36606,"nodeType":883},{},[36607],{"data":36608,"marks":36609,"value":36610,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many apps default to the most recently used or strongest login method, but very few automatically lock you in to using the strongest method available. Most of the time, these kinds of controls also need to be configured in the app — which can be challenging if your security team doesn’t manage it (or simply isn’t aware of it). ",{"data":36612,"content":36616,"nodeType":892},{"target":36613},{"sys":36614},{"id":36615,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4X9MR0CbSMltOmw767XNOm",[],{"data":36618,"content":36619,"nodeType":883},{},[36620,36624,36629,36633,36640],{"data":36621,"marks":36622,"value":36623,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, configuring MFA is often an additive process — you start by adding a phone number, then you add an authenticator app or a passkey. Just like we find that most accounts with SSO ",{"data":36625,"marks":36626,"value":36628,"nodeType":867},{},[36627],{"type":910},"also",{"data":36630,"marks":36631,"value":36632,"nodeType":867},{},[]," have a password login configured (also known as ",{"data":36634,"content":36635,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[36636],{"data":36637,"marks":36638,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[36639],{"type":876},{"data":36641,"marks":36642,"value":36643,"nodeType":867},{},[],"), most accounts with MFA typically have multiple methods attached to their account. ",{"data":36645,"content":36646,"nodeType":883},{},[36647,36651,36658,36661,36670],{"data":36648,"marks":36649,"value":36650,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The result is that even if you can successfully lock down a handful of apps, many more will continue to be susceptible to phishing attacks using commonly available downgrade functionality. And as attackers diversify the apps they target (such as these recent examples targeting ",{"data":36652,"content":36653,"nodeType":878},{"uri":29418},[36654],{"data":36655,"marks":36656,"value":29424,"nodeType":867},{},[36657],{"type":876},{"data":36659,"marks":36660,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36662,"content":36664,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36663},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/dissecting-a-recent-mailchimp-phishing-attack/",[36665],{"data":36666,"marks":36667,"value":36669,"nodeType":867},{},[36668],{"type":876},"MailChimp",{"data":36671,"marks":36672,"value":36673,"nodeType":867},{},[],"), this becomes increasingly likely. ",{"data":36675,"content":36676,"nodeType":921},{},[36677],{"data":36678,"marks":36679,"value":36681,"nodeType":867},{},[36680],{"type":910},"Conditional access is a useful mitigation if configured properly, but only on apps which support it",{"data":36683,"content":36684,"nodeType":883},{},[36685],{"data":36686,"marks":36687,"value":36688,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Conditional access policies are a useful last line of defense against account takeover attacks by denying logins that don't meet certain criteria, even if they user is able to authenticate. In larger IdP platforms that typically support more granular conditional access policies, this is a useful addition when configured correctly. However, many apps simply don't support conditional access, so will be vulnerable to attackers targeting them directly (as opposed to first logging into e.g. Microsoft or Google, and then accessing downstream apps via SSO). ",{"data":36690,"content":36691,"nodeType":883},{},[36692],{"data":36693,"marks":36694,"value":36695,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That said, locking down your core IdP platforms with robust conditional access should be a top priority for security teams. Useful policies that should be configured include:",{"data":36697,"content":36698,"nodeType":1526},{},[36699,36709,36719],{"data":36700,"content":36701,"nodeType":1505},{},[36702],{"data":36703,"content":36704,"nodeType":883},{},[36705],{"data":36706,"marks":36707,"value":36708,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Limiting logins to domain-joined devices.",{"data":36710,"content":36711,"nodeType":1505},{},[36712],{"data":36713,"content":36714,"nodeType":883},{},[36715],{"data":36716,"marks":36717,"value":36718,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Set phishing-resistant MFA as required. ",{"data":36720,"content":36721,"nodeType":1505},{},[36722],{"data":36723,"content":36724,"nodeType":883},{},[36725],{"data":36726,"marks":36727,"value":36728,"nodeType":867},{},[],"(Where possible) limit logins to trusted IP ranges. ",{"data":36730,"content":36731,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":36733,"content":36734,"nodeType":912},{},[36735],{"data":36736,"marks":36737,"value":36739,"nodeType":867},{},[36738],{"type":910},"Tackling MFA downgrade with Push Security",{"data":36741,"content":36742,"nodeType":883},{},[36743,36747,36756],{"data":36744,"marks":36745,"value":36746,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys are key to the future of enterprise identity security, but organizations need to recognize that adopting passkeys isn’t a silver bullet. Ensuring that passkeys are the only authentication method supported by your business apps is no mean feat, considering ",{"data":36748,"content":36750,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/",[36751],{"data":36752,"marks":36753,"value":36755,"nodeType":867},{},[36754],{"type":876},"most organizations are using hundreds of them",{"data":36757,"marks":36758,"value":36759,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — all with their own specific ways of handling and administering identities. ",{"data":36761,"content":36762,"nodeType":883},{},[36763],{"data":36764,"marks":36765,"value":36766,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s why we support a layered defense, providing last-mile protection by:",{"data":36768,"content":36769,"nodeType":1526},{},[36770,36780],{"data":36771,"content":36772,"nodeType":1505},{},[36773],{"data":36774,"content":36775,"nodeType":883},{},[36776],{"data":36777,"marks":36778,"value":36779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Intercepting and blocking phishing attacks in the browser to prevent AiTM attacks using downgrade techniques.",{"data":36781,"content":36782,"nodeType":1505},{},[36783],{"data":36784,"content":36785,"nodeType":883},{},[36786],{"data":36787,"marks":36788,"value":36789,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identifying backup MFA and login methods across the business apps your employees use, so they can be removed (individually or through app-level configuration changes).",{"data":36791,"content":36792,"nodeType":883},{},[36793],{"data":36794,"marks":36795,"value":36796,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s how it works.",{"data":36798,"content":36802,"nodeType":892},{"target":36799},{"sys":36800},{"id":36801,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2uvItnfaOQZHa4a9BIIhRn",[],{"data":36804,"content":36805,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":36807,"content":36808,"nodeType":912},{},[36809],{"data":36810,"marks":36811,"value":36813,"nodeType":867},{},[36812],{"type":910},"Further reading",{"data":36815,"content":36816,"nodeType":883},{},[36817],{"data":36818,"marks":36819,"value":36820,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MFA downgrade is just one method of getting into an otherwise locked-down account. Attackers are also finding ways to bypass the standard authentication process entirely, through: ",{"data":36822,"content":36823,"nodeType":1526},{},[36824,36859,36892,36912],{"data":36825,"content":36826,"nodeType":1505},{},[36827],{"data":36828,"content":36829,"nodeType":883},{},[36830,36833,36842,36846,36855],{"data":36831,"marks":36832,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36834,"content":36836,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36835},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/app_specific_password_phishing/description.md",[36837],{"data":36838,"marks":36839,"value":36841,"nodeType":867},{},[36840],{"type":876},"App-specific password phishing",{"data":36843,"marks":36844,"value":36845,"nodeType":867},{},[],", where attackers can abuse functionality designed to enable users to log into apps that don’t support modern authentication. (",{"data":36847,"content":36849,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36848},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/app-specific-password-phishing/",[36850],{"data":36851,"marks":36852,"value":36854,"nodeType":867},{},[36853],{"type":876},"Read the article for more information here",{"data":36856,"marks":36857,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],").",{"data":36860,"content":36861,"nodeType":1505},{},[36862],{"data":36863,"content":36864,"nodeType":883},{},[36865,36868,36875,36879,36888],{"data":36866,"marks":36867,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36869,"content":36870,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25609},[36871],{"data":36872,"marks":36873,"value":30955,"nodeType":867},{},[36874],{"type":876},{"data":36876,"marks":36877,"value":36878,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which sees the victim accept OAuth scopes for an attacker-controlled app integration granting access to the account without needing to directly compromise it. (",{"data":36880,"content":36882,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36881},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-consent-phishing-is-evolving/",[36883],{"data":36884,"marks":36885,"value":36887,"nodeType":867},{},[36886],{"type":876},"You can read more about recent examples here",{"data":36889,"marks":36890,"value":36891,"nodeType":867},{},[],".) ",{"data":36893,"content":36894,"nodeType":1505},{},[36895],{"data":36896,"content":36897,"nodeType":883},{},[36898,36901,36908],{"data":36899,"marks":36900,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36902,"content":36903,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9530},[36904],{"data":36905,"marks":36906,"value":360,"nodeType":867},{},[36907],{"type":876},{"data":36909,"marks":36910,"value":36911,"nodeType":867},{},[],", functionally very similar to consent phishing but involving the victim entering a code for authorization. ",{"data":36913,"content":36914,"nodeType":1505},{},[36915],{"data":36916,"content":36917,"nodeType":883},{},[36918,36921,36930,36934,36943],{"data":36919,"marks":36920,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":36922,"content":36924,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36923},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/cross-idp_impersonation/description.md",[36925],{"data":36926,"marks":36927,"value":36929,"nodeType":867},{},[36928],{"type":876},"Cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":36931,"marks":36932,"value":36933,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which sees the attacker register a new IdP connected to the victim’s email account that can be used to access connected apps via SSO without directly compromising the primary IdP. (",{"data":36935,"content":36937,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36936},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/a-new-class-of-phishing-verification-phishing-and-cross-idp-impersonation/",[36938],{"data":36939,"marks":36940,"value":36942,"nodeType":867},{},[36941],{"type":876},"You can read more about this here",{"data":36944,"marks":36945,"value":36946,"nodeType":867},{},[],".)",{"data":36948,"content":36949,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":36951,"content":36952,"nodeType":912},{},[36953],{"data":36954,"marks":36955,"value":36957,"nodeType":867},{},[36956],{"type":910},"Learn more",{"data":36959,"content":36960,"nodeType":883},{},[36961],{"data":36962,"marks":36963,"value":36964,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more.",{"data":36966,"content":36967,"nodeType":883},{},[36968,36972,36979],{"data":36969,"marks":36970,"value":36971,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques, ",{"data":36973,"content":36974,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[36975],{"data":36976,"marks":36977,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[36978],{"type":876},{"data":36980,"marks":36981,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MFA downgrade: How attackers are getting around phishing-resistant authentication","MFA downgrade attacks are an increasingly common technique used by attackers to bypass phishing-resistant authentication methods registered to an account.","2025-07-21T00:00:00.000Z","mfa-downgrade-attacks",{"items":36987},[36988,36990],{"sys":36989,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":36991,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":36993},[36994],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":36995},{"url":855},"blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters",{"json":36998},{"data":36999,"content":37000,"nodeType":1569},{},[37001],{"data":37002,"content":37003,"nodeType":883},{},[37004],{"data":37005,"marks":37006,"value":37007,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this blog post, we’ll be taking a closer look at the breaches linked to Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters, the evolution of TTPs that makes them so successful, and how they’re shaping the current and next generation of cyber criminals.",{"id":6892,"publishedAt":37009},"2026-08-12T11:53:35.368Z",{"items":37011},[37012,37014],{"sys":37013,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":37015,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":37017},[37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046],{"sys":37019,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":37021,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":37023,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":37025,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45},{"id":647},{"sys":37027,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":37029,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":37031,"name":537,"slug":538,"tier":45},{"id":534},{"sys":37033,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":37035,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":37037,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":37039,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":37041,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":37043,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":37045,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45},{"id":525},{"sys":37047,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},"cPGKjifHC8Xc0ke0Qls0IvBKrqcQS7B54QT7CK7Q1JI",{"id":37050,"title":37051,"authorsCollection":37052,"content":37057,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":37888,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":37890,"metaTitle":37891,"ogImage":59,"postType":23865,"publishedDate":37892,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":37893,"slug":39820,"stem":39821,"subtitle":59,"summary":39822,"synopsis":39832,"sys":39833,"tagsCollection":39836,"topicsCollection":39842,"__hash__":39894},"blog/blog/how-the-browser-became-the-main-cyber-battleground.json","How the browser became the main cyber battleground",{"items":37053},[37054],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"socialLinks":37055,"profilePicture":37056},[8558],{"url":2541},{"json":37058,"links":37832},{"data":37059,"content":37060,"nodeType":1569},{},[37061,37068,37101,37108,37114,37121,37153,37160,37166,37169,37177,37184,37191,37248,37266,37278,37285,37291,37294,37302,37318,37324,37331,37337,37344,37382,37387,37390,37398,37405,37412,37533,37539,37570,37577,37580,37588,37595,37602,37644,37672,37679,37755,37761,37764,37771,37778,37798,37801,37809,37816],{"data":37062,"content":37063,"nodeType":883},{},[37064],{"data":37065,"marks":37066,"value":37067,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Until recently, the cyber attacker methodology behind the biggest breaches of the last decade or so has been pretty consistent:",{"data":37069,"content":37070,"nodeType":1526},{},[37071,37081,37091],{"data":37072,"content":37073,"nodeType":1505},{},[37074],{"data":37075,"content":37076,"nodeType":883},{},[37077],{"data":37078,"marks":37079,"value":37080,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Compromise an endpoint via software exploit, or social engineering a user to run malware on their device; ",{"data":37082,"content":37083,"nodeType":1505},{},[37084],{"data":37085,"content":37086,"nodeType":883},{},[37087],{"data":37088,"marks":37089,"value":37090,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Find ways to move laterally inside the network and compromise privileged identities;",{"data":37092,"content":37093,"nodeType":1505},{},[37094],{"data":37095,"content":37096,"nodeType":883},{},[37097],{"data":37098,"marks":37099,"value":37100,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Repeat as needed until you can execute your desired attack — usually stealing data from file shares, deploying ransomware, or both. ",{"data":37102,"content":37103,"nodeType":883},{},[37104],{"data":37105,"marks":37106,"value":37107,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But attacks have fundamentally changed as networks have evolved. With the SaaS-ification of enterprise IT, core business systems aren’t locally deployed and centrally managed in the way they used to be. Instead, they’re logged into over the internet, via a web browser.",{"data":37109,"content":37113,"nodeType":892},{"target":37110},{"sys":37111},{"id":37112,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4h4hUYAghbZavOwjRTnBe2",[],{"data":37115,"content":37116,"nodeType":883},{},[37117],{"data":37118,"marks":37119,"value":37120,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Under the shared responsibility model, the part that’s left to the business consuming a SaaS service is mostly constrained to how they manage identities — the vehicle by which the app is accessed and used by the workforce. It’s no surprise that this has become the soft underbelly in the crosshairs of attackers. ",{"data":37122,"content":37123,"nodeType":883},{},[37124,37128,37136,37140,37149],{"data":37125,"marks":37126,"value":37127,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve seen this time and again in the biggest breaches of recent years, with the highlights including the massive ",{"data":37129,"content":37130,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[37131],{"data":37132,"marks":37133,"value":37135,"nodeType":867},{},[37134],{"type":876},"Snowflake campaign in 2024",{"data":37137,"marks":37138,"value":37139,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and the ",{"data":37141,"content":37143,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37142},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/key-takeaways-from-the-scattered-spider-attacks-on-insurance-firms/",[37144],{"data":37145,"marks":37146,"value":37148,"nodeType":867},{},[37147],{"type":876},"2025 crime wave attributed to Scattered Spider",{"data":37150,"marks":37151,"value":37152,"nodeType":867},{},[],".   ",{"data":37154,"content":37155,"nodeType":883},{},[37156],{"data":37157,"marks":37158,"value":37159,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These attacks are so successful because while attackers have moved with the changes to enterprise IT, security hasn’t really kept up. ",{"data":37161,"content":37165,"nodeType":892},{"target":37162},{"sys":37163},{"id":37164,"type":889,"linkType":890},"xH0ZqgKQXCRRZGYVs6xt6",[],{"data":37167,"content":37168,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":37170,"content":37171,"nodeType":912},{},[37172],{"data":37173,"marks":37174,"value":37176,"nodeType":867},{},[37175],{"type":910},"The browser is the new battleground — and a security blind spot",{"data":37178,"content":37179,"nodeType":883},{},[37180],{"data":37181,"marks":37182,"value":37183,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Taking over workforce identities is the first objective for attackers looking to target an organization, and the browser is the place where the attacks against users happen. This is because it’s where these digital identities are created and used — and their credentials and sessions live. This is what the attacker wants to get their hands on. ",{"data":37185,"content":37186,"nodeType":883},{},[37187],{"data":37188,"marks":37189,"value":37190,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stolen credentials can be used as part of targeted attacks or in broader credential stuffing (cycling known username and credential pairs against various apps and platforms), while stolen session tokens can be used to log in directly to an active session, bypassing the authentication process. ",{"data":37192,"content":37193,"nodeType":883},{},[37194,37198,37203,37206,37211,37214,37219,37222,37227,37230,37235,37239,37244],{"data":37195,"marks":37196,"value":37197,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are a few different techniques that attackers can use to get access to these identities. Attackers harvest stolen credentials from various places — ",{"data":37199,"marks":37200,"value":37202,"nodeType":867},{},[37201],{"type":910},"data breach dumps",{"data":37204,"marks":37205,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37207,"marks":37208,"value":37210,"nodeType":867},{},[37209],{"type":910},"mass",{"data":37212,"marks":37213,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37215,"marks":37216,"value":37218,"nodeType":867},{},[37217],{"type":910},"credential",{"data":37220,"marks":37221,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37223,"marks":37224,"value":37226,"nodeType":867},{},[37225],{"type":910},"phishing campaigns,",{"data":37228,"marks":37229,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37231,"marks":37232,"value":37234,"nodeType":867},{},[37233],{"type":910},"infostealer logs",{"data":37236,"marks":37237,"value":37238,"nodeType":867},{},[],", even ",{"data":37240,"marks":37241,"value":37243,"nodeType":867},{},[37242],{"type":910},"malicious browser extensions",{"data":37245,"marks":37246,"value":37247,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that they’ve tricked an employee into installing. In fact, the cyber crime ecosystem itself has shifted on its axis to cater to this, with hackers specifically taking on the role of harvesting credentials and establishing account access for others to exploit. ",{"data":37249,"content":37250,"nodeType":883},{},[37251,37255,37262],{"data":37252,"marks":37253,"value":37254,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The high-profile ",{"data":37256,"content":37257,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[37258],{"data":37259,"marks":37260,"value":35275,"nodeType":867},{},[37261],{"type":876},{"data":37263,"marks":37264,"value":37265,"nodeType":867},{},[]," breaches in 2024 signalled a watershed moment in the shift to identity-driven breaches, where attackers logged into accounts across hundreds of customer tenants using stolen credentials. One of the primary sources of the stolen credentials used in the attacks were infostealer logs dating back to 2020 — breached passwords that hadn’t been rotated or mitigated with MFA. ",{"data":37267,"content":37268,"nodeType":883},{},[37269,37273],{"data":37270,"marks":37271,"value":37272,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers are notable because they’re an endpoint malware attack designed to harvest credentials and session tokens (often from the browser) to enable the attacker to then log into those services… through their own web browser. ",{"data":37274,"marks":37275,"value":37277,"nodeType":867},{},[37276],{"type":910},"So, even today’s endpoint attacks are seeing the attacker pivot back into the browser in order to get to identities — the key to the online apps and services where exploitable data and functionality now resides. ",{"data":37279,"content":37280,"nodeType":883},{},[37281],{"data":37282,"marks":37283,"value":37284,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The problem here is that this is a blind spot for the security tools we’re currently reliant upon — which don’t have the fine-grained visibility required. This is very similar to the challenge that the industry faced prior to the introduction of EDR in the 2010s — the main sources of data are looking from the outside-in, lacking the process-level visibility and context to be able to detect and stop attacks as they happen.",{"data":37286,"content":37290,"nodeType":892},{"target":37287},{"sys":37288},{"id":37289,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2qoMH6qCNJc7it7sTuKl4F",[],{"data":37292,"content":37293,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":37295,"content":37296,"nodeType":912},{},[37297],{"data":37298,"marks":37299,"value":37301,"nodeType":867},{},[37300],{"type":910},"Identity is the prize, browser is the platform — and phishing is the weapon of choice",{"data":37303,"content":37304,"nodeType":883},{},[37305,37309,37314],{"data":37306,"marks":37307,"value":37308,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But the technique that’s STILL driving the most impactful identity-driven breaches? ",{"data":37310,"marks":37311,"value":37313,"nodeType":867},{},[37312],{"type":910},"It’s phishing",{"data":37315,"marks":37316,"value":37317,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Phishing for credentials, sessions, OAuth consent, authorization codes. Phishing via email, instant messenger, social media, malicious Google ads… it all happens in, or leads to, the browser. ",{"data":37319,"content":37323,"nodeType":892},{"target":37320},{"sys":37321},{"id":37322,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6Gsd3G0sOibNxgVLimb2wV",[],{"data":37325,"content":37326,"nodeType":883},{},[37327],{"data":37328,"marks":37329,"value":37330,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And modern phishing attacks are more effective than ever. Today, phishing operates on an industrial scale, using an array of obfuscation and detection evasion techniques to block email and network security tools from intercepting them. Probably the most common example today is the use of bot protection (think CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using legitimate anti-spam features to block security tools. ",{"data":37332,"content":37336,"nodeType":892},{"target":37333},{"sys":37334},{"id":37335,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6M1My4lSKItu6Qdv4hO1RA",[],{"data":37338,"content":37339,"nodeType":883},{},[37340],{"data":37341,"marks":37342,"value":37343,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom CAPTCHA, and using runtime anti-analysis features, making them increasingly difficult to detect. The ways in which links are delivered has also increased in sophistication, with more delivery channels (as we showed above) and the use of legitimate SaaS services for camouflage. ",{"data":37345,"content":37346,"nodeType":883},{},[37347,37351,37356,37360,37365,37369,37378],{"data":37348,"marks":37349,"value":37350,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And the latest trends indicate that attackers are responding to increasingly hardened IdP/SSO configuration by exploiting alternative phishing techniques that ",{"data":37352,"marks":37353,"value":37355,"nodeType":867},{},[37354],{"type":910},"circumvent MFA and passkeys",{"data":37357,"marks":37358,"value":37359,"nodeType":867},{},[],", most commonly by ",{"data":37361,"marks":37362,"value":37364,"nodeType":867},{},[37363],{"type":910},"downgrading to a phishable backup authentication method",{"data":37366,"marks":37367,"value":37368,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — which you can see in action below, and ",{"data":37370,"content":37372,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37371},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks/",[37373],{"data":37374,"marks":37375,"value":37377,"nodeType":867},{},[37376],{"type":876},"read more about here",{"data":37379,"marks":37380,"value":37381,"nodeType":867},{},[],".  ",{"data":37383,"content":37386,"nodeType":892},{"target":37384},{"sys":37385},{"id":36467,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":37388,"content":37389,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":37391,"content":37392,"nodeType":912},{},[37393],{"data":37394,"marks":37395,"value":37397,"nodeType":867},{},[37396],{"type":910},"Identities are the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to aim for",{"data":37399,"content":37400,"nodeType":883},{},[37401],{"data":37402,"marks":37403,"value":37404,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The goal of the modern attacker, and the easiest way into your business’s digital environment, is to compromise identities. Whether you’re dealing with phishing attacks, malicious browser extensions, or infostealer malware, the objective remains the same — account takeover. ",{"data":37406,"content":37407,"nodeType":883},{},[37408],{"data":37409,"marks":37410,"value":37411,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations are dealing with a vast and vulnerable attack surface consisting of:",{"data":37413,"content":37414,"nodeType":1526},{},[37415,37436,37457,37477],{"data":37416,"content":37417,"nodeType":1505},{},[37418],{"data":37419,"content":37420,"nodeType":883},{},[37421,37424,37432],{"data":37422,"marks":37423,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37425,"content":37426,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[37427],{"data":37428,"marks":37429,"value":37431,"nodeType":867},{},[37430],{"type":876},"Hundreds of applications, with thousands of accounts",{"data":37433,"marks":37434,"value":37435,"nodeType":867},{},[]," spread across the app estate.",{"data":37437,"content":37438,"nodeType":1505},{},[37439],{"data":37440,"content":37441,"nodeType":883},{},[37442,37446,37454],{"data":37443,"marks":37444,"value":37445,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Accounts vulnerable to MFA-bypass phishing kits, because they are using a login method that is not phishing-resistant, or because ",{"data":37447,"content":37448,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37371},[37449],{"data":37450,"marks":37451,"value":37453,"nodeType":867},{},[37452],{"type":876},"the login method can be downgraded",{"data":37455,"marks":37456,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37458,"content":37459,"nodeType":1505},{},[37460],{"data":37461,"content":37462,"nodeType":883},{},[37463,37467,37474],{"data":37464,"marks":37465,"value":37466,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Accounts with a weak, reused, or breached password and no MFA altogether (usually the result of a forgotten-about ",{"data":37468,"content":37469,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[37470],{"data":37471,"marks":37472,"value":19980,"nodeType":867},{},[37473],{"type":876},{"data":37475,"marks":37476,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37478,"content":37479,"nodeType":1505},{},[37480],{"data":37481,"content":37482,"nodeType":883},{},[37483,37487,37496,37499,37507,37511,37518,37521,37529],{"data":37484,"marks":37485,"value":37486,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Bypassing the authentication process entirely to evade otherwise phishing-resistant authentication methods, by abusing features like ",{"data":37488,"content":37490,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37489},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_keys/description.md",[37491],{"data":37492,"marks":37493,"value":37495,"nodeType":867},{},[37494],{"type":876},"API key creation",{"data":37497,"marks":37498,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37500,"content":37501,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36835},[37502],{"data":37503,"marks":37504,"value":37506,"nodeType":867},{},[37505],{"type":876},"app-specific passwords",{"data":37508,"marks":37509,"value":37510,"nodeType":867},{},[],", OAuth ",{"data":37512,"content":37513,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25609},[37514],{"data":37515,"marks":37516,"value":19145,"nodeType":867},{},[37517],{"type":876},{"data":37519,"marks":37520,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37522,"content":37523,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36923},[37524],{"data":37525,"marks":37526,"value":37528,"nodeType":867},{},[37527],{"type":876},"cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":37530,"marks":37531,"value":37532,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and more.  ",{"data":37534,"content":37538,"nodeType":892},{"target":37535},{"sys":37536},{"id":37537,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3WFzina1t5j6bDlTlGQA0l",[],{"data":37540,"content":37541,"nodeType":883},{},[37542,37546,37555,37559,37566],{"data":37543,"marks":37544,"value":37545,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A key driver of identity vulnerability is the ",{"data":37547,"content":37549,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37548},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/minimum-viable-identity-security/",[37550],{"data":37551,"marks":37552,"value":37554,"nodeType":867},{},[37553],{"type":876},"huge variance in the configurability of accounts per application",{"data":37556,"marks":37557,"value":37558,"nodeType":867},{},[],", with different levels of centralized visibility and security control of identities provided — for example, while one app can be locked down to only accept SSO logins via SAML and automatically remove any unused passwords, another provides no control or visibility of login method or MFA status (another big driver of the ",{"data":37560,"content":37561,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[37562],{"data":37563,"marks":37564,"value":35275,"nodeType":867},{},[37565],{"type":876},{"data":37567,"marks":37568,"value":37569,"nodeType":867},{},[]," breaches last year). Unfortunately, as a by-product of product-led growth and something that is compounded by every new SaaS startup that hits the market, this situation doesn’t look like it’s going to change anytime soon. ",{"data":37571,"content":37572,"nodeType":883},{},[37573],{"data":37574,"marks":37575,"value":37576,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The end result is that identities are misconfigured, invisible to the security team, and routinely exploited by commodity attacker tooling. It’s no surprise that they’re the primary target for attackers today. ",{"data":37578,"content":37579,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":37581,"content":37582,"nodeType":912},{},[37583],{"data":37584,"marks":37585,"value":37587,"nodeType":867},{},[37586],{"type":910},"The solution: The browser as a telemetry source and control point",{"data":37589,"content":37590,"nodeType":883},{},[37591],{"data":37592,"marks":37593,"value":37594,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because identity attacks play out in the browser, it’s the perfect place for security teams to observe, intercept, and shut down these attacks. ",{"data":37596,"content":37597,"nodeType":883},{},[37598],{"data":37599,"marks":37600,"value":37601,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The browser has a number of advantages over the different places where identity can be observed and protected, because:",{"data":37603,"content":37604,"nodeType":1526},{},[37605,37615,37625],{"data":37606,"content":37607,"nodeType":1505},{},[37608],{"data":37609,"content":37610,"nodeType":883},{},[37611],{"data":37612,"marks":37613,"value":37614,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You aren’t limited to the apps and identities directly connected to your IdP (a fraction of your workforce identity sprawl). ",{"data":37616,"content":37617,"nodeType":1505},{},[37618],{"data":37619,"content":37620,"nodeType":883},{},[37621],{"data":37622,"marks":37623,"value":37624,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You aren’t limited to the apps that you know about and manage centrally — you can observe every login that passes through the browser.",{"data":37626,"content":37627,"nodeType":1505},{},[37628],{"data":37629,"content":37630,"nodeType":883},{},[37631,37635,37640],{"data":37632,"marks":37633,"value":37634,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can observe all the properties of a login, including the login method, MFA method, etc. You’d otherwise need API access to ",{"data":37636,"marks":37637,"value":37639,"nodeType":867},{},[37638],{"type":2278},"maybe",{"data":37641,"marks":37642,"value":37643,"nodeType":867},{},[]," get this information (depending on whether an API is provided and whether this specific data can be interrogated, also not standard for many apps). ",{"data":37645,"content":37646,"nodeType":883},{},[37647,37651,37656,37660,37668],{"data":37648,"marks":37649,"value":37650,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s obvious with all that we’ve covered so far that fixing every identity vulnerability is an ominous task — the SaaS ecosystem itself is working against you. ",{"data":37652,"marks":37653,"value":37655,"nodeType":867},{},[37654],{"type":910},"This is why detecting and responding to identity attacks is essential. ",{"data":37657,"marks":37658,"value":37659,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because identity compromise almost always involves phishing or social engineering a user to perform an action in their browser (with some exceptions — like the ",{"data":37661,"content":37662,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7405},[37663],{"data":37664,"marks":37665,"value":37667,"nodeType":867},{},[37666],{"type":876},"Scattered Spider-related help desk attacks",{"data":37669,"marks":37670,"value":37671,"nodeType":867},{},[]," seen recently), it’s also the perfect place to monitor for and intercept attacks. ",{"data":37673,"content":37674,"nodeType":883},{},[37675],{"data":37676,"marks":37677,"value":37678,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the browser, you gather deep, contextualized information about page behavior and user inputs that can be used to detect and shut down risky scenarios in real time. Take the example of phishing pages. Because Push operates in the browser, it sees everything:",{"data":37680,"content":37681,"nodeType":1526},{},[37682,37692,37702,37712,37735,37745],{"data":37683,"content":37684,"nodeType":1505},{},[37685],{"data":37686,"content":37687,"nodeType":883},{},[37688],{"data":37689,"marks":37690,"value":37691,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The page layout.",{"data":37693,"content":37694,"nodeType":1505},{},[37695],{"data":37696,"content":37697,"nodeType":883},{},[37698],{"data":37699,"marks":37700,"value":37701,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Where the user came from (through the whole redirect chain).",{"data":37703,"content":37704,"nodeType":1505},{},[37705],{"data":37706,"content":37707,"nodeType":883},{},[37708],{"data":37709,"marks":37710,"value":37711,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Page interaction events — e.g. tabs opened and closed, popup windows, forms submitted, etc.",{"data":37713,"content":37714,"nodeType":1505},{},[37715],{"data":37716,"content":37717,"nodeType":883},{},[37718,37722,37731],{"data":37719,"marks":37720,"value":37721,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The password they enter ",{"data":37723,"content":37725,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37724},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10043/#how-push-securely-analyzes-passwords",[37726],{"data":37727,"marks":37728,"value":37730,"nodeType":867},{},[37729],{"type":876},"(as a salted, abbreviated hash)",{"data":37732,"marks":37733,"value":37734,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and whether a password was typed or copied, and where from.",{"data":37736,"content":37737,"nodeType":1505},{},[37738],{"data":37739,"content":37740,"nodeType":883},{},[37741],{"data":37742,"marks":37743,"value":37744,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What scripts are running on the page and whether they are potentially malicious.",{"data":37746,"content":37747,"nodeType":1505},{},[37748],{"data":37749,"content":37750,"nodeType":883},{},[37751],{"data":37752,"marks":37753,"value":37754,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Where credentials are being sent.",{"data":37756,"content":37760,"nodeType":892},{"target":37757},{"sys":37758},{"id":37759,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6kQejVS63FQ6Oy8nIm6UlV",[],{"data":37762,"content":37763,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":37765,"content":37766,"nodeType":912},{},[37767],{"data":37768,"marks":37769,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[37770],{"type":910},{"data":37772,"content":37773,"nodeType":883},{},[37774],{"data":37775,"marks":37776,"value":37777,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identity attacks are the biggest unsolved problem facing security teams today and the leading cause of security breaches. At the same time, the browser presents security teams with all the tools they need to prevent, detect, and respond to identity-based attacks — proactively by finding and fixing identity vulnerabilities, and reactively by detecting and blocking attacks against users in real time. ",{"data":37779,"content":37780,"nodeType":883},{},[37781,37785,37794],{"data":37782,"marks":37783,"value":37784,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations need to move past the old ways of doing identity security — relying on MFA attestations, identity management dashboards, and ",{"data":37786,"content":37788,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37787},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/three-reasons-why-browser-is-best-for-stopping-phishing-attacks/",[37789],{"data":37790,"marks":37791,"value":37793,"nodeType":867},{},[37792],{"type":876},"legacy email and network anti-phishing tools",{"data":37795,"marks":37796,"value":37797,"nodeType":867},{},[],". And there’s no better place to stop these attacks than in the browser. ",{"data":37799,"content":37800,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":37802,"content":37803,"nodeType":912},{},[37804],{"data":37805,"marks":37806,"value":37808,"nodeType":867},{},[37807],{"type":910},"Find out more",{"data":37810,"content":37811,"nodeType":883},{},[37812],{"data":37813,"marks":37814,"value":37815,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks identity attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more.",{"data":37817,"content":37818,"nodeType":883},{},[37819,37822,37829],{"data":37820,"marks":37821,"value":35841,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":37823,"content":37824,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[37825],{"data":37826,"marks":37827,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[37828],{"type":876},{"data":37830,"marks":37831,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":37833},{"hyperlink":37834,"inline":37835,"block":37836},[],[],[37837,37844,37850,37856,37862,37870,37874,37882],{"sys":37838,"__typename":1584,"title":37839,"caption":37839,"layoutMode":59,"file":37840},{"id":37112},"Attacks have shifted from targeting local networks to SaaS services, accessed through employee web browsers.",{"url":37841,"width":37842,"height":37843},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/SadRsmdnNZofhrKddH01D/1ba16316bdfa666b2bc387d5b694e515/image2.png",1506,574,{"sys":37845,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":37846,"buttonLabel":37847,"buttonColour":37848,"buttonUrl":37849},{"id":37164},"Read how the transformation of business IT has shaped the evolution of phishing attacks in our latest whitepaper.","Download Now","sea blue","https://pushsecurity.com/resources/phishing-evolution",{"sys":37851,"__typename":1584,"title":37852,"caption":37852,"layoutMode":59,"file":37853},{"id":37289},"EDR solved endpoint attacks by getting deep visibility into OS-level processes and activity — we now face a similar visibility problem in the browser. ",{"url":37854,"width":1602,"height":37855},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2KuUuYKf2Q9TlIJ9fkOI82/9a52cae72564e69d3cfe8b3b613eb950/image5.png",632,{"sys":37857,"__typename":1584,"title":37858,"caption":37858,"layoutMode":59,"file":37859},{"id":37322},"Phishing is now multi- and cross-channel, targeting a vast range of cloud and SaaS apps using flexible AitM toolkits — but all roads inevitably lead to the browser.",{"url":37860,"width":1602,"height":37861},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4p8sf1x8PfWF06ndwTsdf9/136ed45c7912459a70dbb53b62cf5a90/image6.png",1003,{"sys":37863,"__typename":1584,"title":37864,"caption":37865,"layoutMode":59,"file":37866},{"id":37335},"Cloudflare Turnstile is a simple way for attackers to block automated analysis of their phishing kits — it should probably come with a trigger warning for incident responders.","Cloudflare Turnstile is a simple way for security teams to prevent automated analysis — it should probably come with a trigger warning for incident responders.",{"url":37867,"width":37868,"height":37869},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6gGDHL1jECCm4j02gZZlYe/92e4362eea9fb712aeb64bdd7fb19d59/image3.png",1262,464,{"sys":37871,"__typename":6169,"title":37872,"arcadeDemoUrl":37873,"playText":17653},{"id":36467},"MFA Downgrade Demo","https://demo.arcade.software/1MzRfFaRCD2pYPhIXkvi?embed",{"sys":37875,"__typename":1584,"title":37876,"caption":37877,"layoutMode":59,"file":37878},{"id":37537},"Infographic showing the identity vulnerability spread for a 1,000 seat organization","A 1,000 user organization has over 15,000 accounts with various configurations and associated vulnerabilities.",{"url":37879,"width":37880,"height":37881},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/266iLQBVsJIQEx6dnUEVrZ/eb5b1be79b7b29365baf299053fddf42/Infographic.png",5480,3012,{"sys":37883,"__typename":1584,"title":37884,"caption":37884,"layoutMode":59,"file":37885},{"id":37759},"Being in the browser gives you unrivalled visibility of phishing page activity and user behavior.",{"url":37886,"width":23860,"height":37887},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/42mmDkjfXn0uOkTyvFLNqG/0385dadcb0731bea1de1ca5ae6ee7c18/image1.png",766,{"items":37889},[],{},"Why the browser is now the main cyber attack surface","2025-08-15T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":37894},[37895,38894,39255],{"__typename":1670,"sys":37896,"content":37897,"title":38880,"synopsis":38881,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":38882,"slug":38883,"tagsCollection":38884,"authorsCollection":38890},{"id":26811},{"json":37898},{"data":37899,"content":37900,"nodeType":1569},{},[37901,37908,37920,37932,37944,37956,37962,37981,37988,38004,38011,38017,38020,38028,38035,38042,38049,38055,38058,38066,38073,38093,38100,38107,38114,38121,38127,38134,38141,38148,38176,38183,38201,38208,38215,38235,38255,38275,38281,38288,38304,38311,38318,38325,38344,38352,38359,38366,38369,38377,38384,38391,38398,38441,38447,38454,38469,38558,38564,38571,38578,38641,38648,38655,38662,38668,38675,38682,38689,38695,38702,38709,38716,38722,38741,38748,38755,38798,38804,38807,38815,38839,38842,38849,38856,38863],{"data":37902,"content":37903,"nodeType":883},{},[37904],{"data":37905,"marks":37906,"value":37907,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Oh, look! A time capsule from 2010. Wonder what’s inside … ",{"data":37909,"content":37910,"nodeType":883},{},[37911,37916],{"data":37912,"marks":37913,"value":37915,"nodeType":867},{},[37914],{"type":910},"Listening to:",{"data":37917,"marks":37918,"value":37919,"nodeType":867},{},[]," “Like a G6” by Far East Movement (on a Nokia C7 — hey, it even had a touchscreen).",{"data":37921,"content":37922,"nodeType":883},{},[37923,37928],{"data":37924,"marks":37925,"value":37927,"nodeType":867},{},[37926],{"type":910},"Major news event:",{"data":37929,"marks":37930,"value":37931,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupts in Iceland, disrupting air travel.",{"data":37933,"content":37934,"nodeType":883},{},[37935,37940],{"data":37936,"marks":37937,"value":37939,"nodeType":867},{},[37938],{"type":910},"Worried about:",{"data":37941,"marks":37942,"value":37943,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Exploitable Flash browser plugins and static HTML phishing sites.",{"data":37945,"content":37946,"nodeType":883},{},[37947,37952],{"data":37948,"marks":37949,"value":37951,"nodeType":867},{},[37950],{"type":910},"How to be a hero?",{"data":37953,"marks":37954,"value":37955,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Roll out the latest AV, implement a web proxy, and add a “report phishing” button to your email solution.",{"data":37957,"content":37961,"nodeType":892},{"target":37958},{"sys":37959},{"id":37960,"type":889,"linkType":890},"54xYbMs0ii96xb2jgQVX9m",[],{"data":37963,"content":37964,"nodeType":883},{},[37965,37969,37977],{"data":37966,"marks":37967,"value":37968,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re halfway through 2025, and the time capsule for this year may need to be an XL when it comes to ",{"data":37970,"content":37971,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8250},[37972],{"data":37973,"marks":37974,"value":37976,"nodeType":867},{},[37975],{"type":876},"how much has happened",{"data":37978,"marks":37979,"value":37980,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in the world of browser-based attacks. (Yet fittingly, Drake’s “Nokia” is a pop hit.)",{"data":37982,"content":37983,"nodeType":883},{},[37984],{"data":37985,"marks":37986,"value":37987,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While at least we don’t have to worry about Flash anymore, the browser is now the new battleground, and workforce identities are the most common target. Security teams are struggling with approaches and tools that attackers have outpaced.",{"data":37989,"content":37990,"nodeType":883},{},[37991,37995,38000],{"data":37992,"marks":37993,"value":37994,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’ll cover how browser-based attacks have evolved, and how Push is taking a new approach with the release of our ",{"data":37996,"marks":37997,"value":37999,"nodeType":867},{},[37998],{"type":910},"Detections",{"data":38001,"marks":38002,"value":38003,"nodeType":867},{},[]," capabilities, now generally available to all customers.",{"data":38005,"content":38006,"nodeType":883},{},[38007],{"data":38008,"marks":38009,"value":38010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Detections use real-time telemetry to help you understand context, user behavior, and attacker techniques, and then respond — a modern tool for modern browser-based attacks.",{"data":38012,"content":38016,"nodeType":892},{"target":38013},{"sys":38014},{"id":38015,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2ULDSj85bXtT2OgpXKBHtB",[],{"data":38018,"content":38019,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":38021,"content":38022,"nodeType":912},{},[38023],{"data":38024,"marks":38025,"value":38027,"nodeType":867},{},[38026],{"type":910},"The old world vs. the new world",{"data":38029,"content":38030,"nodeType":883},{},[38031],{"data":38032,"marks":38033,"value":38034,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the early 2010s, the typical attack path involved sending a user an email with a link to a static HTML webpage (most commonly a generic Exchange Web Access clone) that tricked them into giving you Active Directory creds. These could be used to log in to an exposed remote desktop service or the victim’s mailbox, giving the attacker a foothold to install malware. Anyone who’s done “red teaming 101” will recognize this scenario. ",{"data":38036,"content":38037,"nodeType":883},{},[38038],{"data":38039,"marks":38040,"value":38041,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A compromised identity was once just part of a system compromise. That meant the scope of detection and response was focused on the organization’s Active Directory domain, correlated with endpoint and network logs. ",{"data":38043,"content":38044,"nodeType":883},{},[38045],{"data":38046,"marks":38047,"value":38048,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But now, identity attacks happen beyond traditional on-premises networks, impacting cloud identities that are created, used, and attacked in the browser. What was once the familiar backbone of business IT — internal apps and thick clients — has been replaced with a sprawling cloud and SaaS ecosystem that can be targeted directly via identity, without touching the endpoint. ",{"data":38050,"content":38054,"nodeType":892},{"target":38051},{"sys":38052},{"id":38053,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2F2p4eTMCHo3LfNQJZeGWB",[],{"data":38056,"content":38057,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":38059,"content":38060,"nodeType":912},{},[38061],{"data":38062,"marks":38063,"value":38065,"nodeType":867},{},[38064],{"type":910},"Why detection and response hasn’t kept up with threat evolution",{"data":38067,"content":38068,"nodeType":883},{},[38069],{"data":38070,"marks":38071,"value":38072,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This shift in attacker TTPs is forcing a change in how we handle detection and response. ",{"data":38074,"content":38075,"nodeType":883},{},[38076,38080,38089],{"data":38077,"marks":38078,"value":38079,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But a lot of organizations are still applying the same old playbooks to this new world where identity attacks are the ",{"data":38081,"content":38083,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38082},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/2024-identity-attacks",[38084],{"data":38085,"marks":38086,"value":38088,"nodeType":867},{},[38087],{"type":876},"leading cause of breaches",{"data":38090,"marks":38091,"value":38092,"nodeType":867},{},[],", with uneven outcomes. ",{"data":38094,"content":38095,"nodeType":883},{},[38096],{"data":38097,"marks":38098,"value":38099,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This isn’t because of a lack of effort or skill on the part of security teams. It’s a reflection of the tools that have been available. ",{"data":38101,"content":38102,"nodeType":883},{},[38103],{"data":38104,"marks":38105,"value":38106,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s look at some of the ways detection and response hasn’t kept up with the evolution of browser-borne threats in this new landscape.",{"data":38108,"content":38109,"nodeType":921},{},[38110],{"data":38111,"marks":38112,"value":38113,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Incomplete identity visibility ",{"data":38115,"content":38116,"nodeType":883},{},[38117],{"data":38118,"marks":38119,"value":38120,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Today’s cloud identity providers see a fraction of the overall logins your users make to online apps, compared to the comprehensive visibility of Active Directory in the old world. You don’t know where users are logging in, how they’re logging in, or whether these logins are securely using phishing-resistant methods.",{"data":38122,"content":38126,"nodeType":892},{"target":38123},{"sys":38124},{"id":38125,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1SUYueQct7dtWwLh3AaAtA",[],{"data":38128,"content":38129,"nodeType":883},{},[38130],{"data":38131,"marks":38132,"value":38133,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means that identity attacks are routinely bypassing preventative, account hygiene-based controls, putting the strain on detection and response. ",{"data":38135,"content":38136,"nodeType":921},{},[38137],{"data":38138,"marks":38139,"value":38140,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Limited detection coverage ",{"data":38142,"content":38143,"nodeType":883},{},[38144],{"data":38145,"marks":38146,"value":38147,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Email and network security tools got pretty good at intercepting old-school phishing attacks like the ones from our proverbial time capsule: static HTML pages delivered over email that could be intercepted and analyzed when entering the mailbox or being loaded by the user. ",{"data":38149,"content":38150,"nodeType":883},{},[38151,38155,38164,38168,38172],{"data":38152,"marks":38153,"value":38154,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But with modern phishing attacks dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection, and using runtime anti-analysis features, they’re ",{"data":38156,"content":38157,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3439},[38158],{"data":38159,"marks":38160,"value":38163,"nodeType":867},{},[38161,38162],{"type":876},{"type":910},"increasingly difficult to detect",{"data":38165,"marks":38166,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[38167],{"type":910},{"data":38169,"marks":38170,"value":38171,"nodeType":867},{},[],"using conventional tools",{"data":38173,"marks":38174,"value":37152,"nodeType":867},{},[38175],{"type":910},{"data":38177,"content":38178,"nodeType":883},{},[38179],{"data":38180,"marks":38181,"value":38182,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Of course, email-based detections aren’t much use if attackers are using legitimate services to camouflage their links, or bypassing email altogether by switching to alternative delivery channels like messaging apps (such as Slack and Teams), as well as public services like LinkedIn and Reddit. ",{"data":38184,"content":38185,"nodeType":883},{},[38186,38190,38197],{"data":38187,"marks":38188,"value":38189,"nodeType":867},{},[],"More recently, groups like ",{"data":38191,"content":38192,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8250},[38193],{"data":38194,"marks":38195,"value":6197,"nodeType":867},{},[38196],{"type":876},{"data":38198,"marks":38199,"value":38200,"nodeType":867},{},[]," have even been seen using malvertising techniques, delivering phishing links masquerading as paid Google ads.",{"data":38202,"content":38203,"nodeType":921},{},[38204],{"data":38205,"marks":38206,"value":38207,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Inadequate security logs",{"data":38209,"content":38210,"nodeType":883},{},[38211],{"data":38212,"marks":38213,"value":38214,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you fail to spot the attack pre-account takeover, you’re reliant on being able to detect and investigate suspicious or malicious activity resulting from the compromise. ",{"data":38216,"content":38217,"nodeType":883},{},[38218,38222,38231],{"data":38219,"marks":38220,"value":38221,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This was more straightforward (if not easy) when you had the luxury of a ",{"data":38223,"content":38225,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38224},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-itdr/",[38226],{"data":38227,"marks":38228,"value":38230,"nodeType":867},{},[38229],{"type":876},"typical on-prem network to fall back",{"data":38232,"marks":38233,"value":38234,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on. But with cloud exploitation taking place in a matter of minutes, you don’t get much warning — and your endpoint and network-based alarms can’t help you. ",{"data":38236,"content":38237,"nodeType":883},{},[38238,38242,38251],{"data":38239,"marks":38240,"value":38241,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The situation is further complicated by the fact that you simply don’t have the logs you need because of the huge variability in how cloud and SaaS services provide logs (with many ",{"data":38243,"content":38245,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38244},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/minimum-viable-identity-security/#id-enable-security-teams-to-detect-and-respond-to-identity-attacks",[38246],{"data":38247,"marks":38248,"value":38250,"nodeType":867},{},[38249],{"type":876},"failing to provide security logs",{"data":38252,"marks":38253,"value":38254,"nodeType":867},{},[]," with relevant data points at all). So chances are you’re flying blind when it comes to large chunks of your business app suite. ",{"data":38256,"content":38257,"nodeType":883},{},[38258,38262,38271],{"data":38259,"marks":38260,"value":38261,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ultimately, you’re stuck with what you can observe — typically network traffic. But ",{"data":38263,"content":38265,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38264},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension/",[38266],{"data":38267,"marks":38268,"value":38270,"nodeType":867},{},[38269],{"type":876},"even with a TLS-terminating proxy",{"data":38272,"marks":38273,"value":38274,"nodeType":867},{},[],", extracting fine-grained identity data points isn’t really achievable. You’re looking from the outside-in at malicious activity that’s happening in the user’s browser and trying to infer what happened.  ",{"data":38276,"content":38280,"nodeType":892},{"target":38277},{"sys":38278},{"id":38279,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7FMdHtbE63GMCavObETf3O",[],{"data":38282,"content":38283,"nodeType":921},{},[38284],{"data":38285,"marks":38286,"value":38287,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Spotty control enforcement",{"data":38289,"content":38290,"nodeType":883},{},[38291,38295,38300],{"data":38292,"marks":38293,"value":38294,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And in the case that you do identify that a user clicked a malicious link and ",{"data":38296,"marks":38297,"value":38299,"nodeType":867},{},[38298],{"type":2278},"maybe ",{"data":38301,"marks":38302,"value":38303,"nodeType":867},{},[],"entered their credentials into the page — now what? ",{"data":38305,"content":38306,"nodeType":883},{},[38307],{"data":38308,"marks":38309,"value":38310,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can reset the account in the affected app, ideally terminating active sessions — which may or may not be possible, depending on the app. This might take a while if you don’t centrally manage the app, and involve some painful emergency phone calls to employees. ",{"data":38312,"content":38313,"nodeType":883},{},[38314],{"data":38315,"marks":38316,"value":38317,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What about apps where the same password is reused? ",{"data":38319,"content":38320,"nodeType":883},{},[38321],{"data":38322,"marks":38323,"value":38324,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Or if it’s an IdP account used for SSO, what about the other apps that might be accessible now? ",{"data":38326,"content":38327,"nodeType":883},{},[38328,38332,38340],{"data":38329,"marks":38330,"value":38331,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If the attacker has created stealthy backdoors that persist through credential changes (like ",{"data":38333,"content":38334,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[38335],{"data":38336,"marks":38337,"value":38339,"nodeType":867},{},[38338],{"type":876},"creating an API key or a malicious OAuth integration",{"data":38341,"marks":38342,"value":38343,"nodeType":867},{},[],") they could still be lurking in your environment.",{"data":38345,"content":38346,"nodeType":883},{},[38347],{"data":38348,"marks":38349,"value":38351,"nodeType":867},{},[38350],{"type":910},"Suddenly, you’re not dealing with one possible control point, you’re dealing with several. ",{"data":38353,"content":38354,"nodeType":883},{},[38355],{"data":38356,"marks":38357,"value":38358,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And if you can’t trace the attack back to a source — because your email solution missed it, or it didn’t come via email, how can you triage the impact to other users? ",{"data":38360,"content":38361,"nodeType":883},{},[38362],{"data":38363,"marks":38364,"value":38365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s no wonder that security teams are struggling to adapt. ",{"data":38367,"content":38368,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":38370,"content":38371,"nodeType":912},{},[38372],{"data":38373,"marks":38374,"value":38376,"nodeType":867},{},[38375],{"type":910},"How Push is solving modern identity investigations in the browser",{"data":38378,"content":38379,"nodeType":883},{},[38380],{"data":38381,"marks":38382,"value":38383,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The good news? We’ve seen this phenomenon play out before: In the early 2010s, in fact, when AV evolved into EDR. What was the big innovation then? Getting inside the data stream, in real time, and detecting and responding from a much higher-fidelity source of telemetry.",{"data":38385,"content":38386,"nodeType":883},{},[38387],{"data":38388,"marks":38389,"value":38390,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This time around, security teams need tools that take them inside the browser layer.",{"data":38392,"content":38393,"nodeType":883},{},[38394],{"data":38395,"marks":38396,"value":38397,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This approach gives you the right vantage point to defend against and investigate browser-based identity attacks, providing access to:",{"data":38399,"content":38400,"nodeType":1526},{},[38401,38411,38421,38431],{"data":38402,"content":38403,"nodeType":1505},{},[38404],{"data":38405,"content":38406,"nodeType":883},{},[38407],{"data":38408,"marks":38409,"value":38410,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Full decrypted HTTP traffic — not just DNS and TCP/IP metadata",{"data":38412,"content":38413,"nodeType":1505},{},[38414],{"data":38415,"content":38416,"nodeType":883},{},[38417],{"data":38418,"marks":38419,"value":38420,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Full user interaction tracing — every click, keystroke, or DOM change",{"data":38422,"content":38423,"nodeType":1505},{},[38424],{"data":38425,"content":38426,"nodeType":883},{},[38427],{"data":38428,"marks":38429,"value":38430,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Full inspection at every layer of execution, not just the initial HTML served",{"data":38432,"content":38433,"nodeType":1505},{},[38434],{"data":38435,"content":38436,"nodeType":883},{},[38437],{"data":38438,"marks":38439,"value":38440,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Full access to browser APIs, to correlate with browser history, local storage, cookies, etc.",{"data":38442,"content":38446,"nodeType":892},{"target":38443},{"sys":38444},{"id":38445,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5qt0s8e1TIEUxhU1GzFO63",[],{"data":38448,"content":38449,"nodeType":883},{},[38450],{"data":38451,"marks":38452,"value":38453,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With this data, teams have the information they need to respond to and investigate browser-based attacks. But to become valuable, this data needs a translation layer that turns it from raw logs into actionable information.",{"data":38455,"content":38456,"nodeType":883},{},[38457,38461,38465],{"data":38458,"marks":38459,"value":38460,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s where Push’s ",{"data":38462,"marks":38463,"value":37999,"nodeType":867},{},[38464],{"type":910},{"data":38466,"marks":38467,"value":38468,"nodeType":867},{},[]," capability comes in. With it, you can:",{"data":38470,"content":38471,"nodeType":1526},{},[38472,38508,38518,38528,38538,38548],{"data":38473,"content":38474,"nodeType":1505},{},[38475],{"data":38476,"content":38477,"nodeType":883},{},[38478,38482,38491,38495,38504],{"data":38479,"marks":38480,"value":38481,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get alerted in your platform of choice (via the Push admin console, ",{"data":38483,"content":38485,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38484},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/send-webhook-events-to-slack/",[38486],{"data":38487,"marks":38488,"value":38490,"nodeType":867},{},[38489],{"type":876},"Slack integration",{"data":38492,"marks":38493,"value":38494,"nodeType":867},{},[],", or your ",{"data":38496,"content":38498,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38497},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/",[38499],{"data":38500,"marks":38501,"value":38503,"nodeType":867},{},[38502],{"type":876},"SIEM/SOAR",{"data":38505,"marks":38506,"value":38507,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of choice) whenever Push detects a browser-based attack, such as AiTM phishing or a cloned login page.",{"data":38509,"content":38510,"nodeType":1505},{},[38511],{"data":38512,"content":38513,"nodeType":883},{},[38514],{"data":38515,"marks":38516,"value":38517,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Review a curated timeline of the incident: Where a phishing link originated; whether a user entered their credentials on the page; what kind of phishkit was used; and whether the attack was blocked by Push.",{"data":38519,"content":38520,"nodeType":1505},{},[38521],{"data":38522,"content":38523,"nodeType":883},{},[38524],{"data":38525,"marks":38526,"value":38527,"nodeType":867},{},[],"See all the other impacted accounts and apps that shared a password with the phished account so you can remediate them.",{"data":38529,"content":38530,"nodeType":1505},{},[38531],{"data":38532,"content":38533,"nodeType":883},{},[38534],{"data":38535,"marks":38536,"value":38537,"nodeType":867},{},[],"See a screenshot captured by the Push browser extension of the phishing page, so you can see exactly what the user saw before the page disappears.",{"data":38539,"content":38540,"nodeType":1505},{},[38541],{"data":38542,"content":38543,"nodeType":883},{},[38544],{"data":38545,"marks":38546,"value":38547,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get additional context from urlscan.io about the domains connected to the incident, helping you understand whether a domain has been reported as malicious by other users, when it was registered, and how many times it’s been scanned.",{"data":38549,"content":38550,"nodeType":1505},{},[38551],{"data":38552,"content":38553,"nodeType":883},{},[38554],{"data":38555,"marks":38556,"value":38557,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Interrogate and send this telemetry to your SIEM for you to operationalize it as part of SecOps workflows and hunt across events for similar incident characteristics.",{"data":38559,"content":38563,"nodeType":892},{"target":38560},{"sys":38561},{"id":38562,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5iPYWpPx4IZ2M1DykQiWsN",[],{"data":38565,"content":38566,"nodeType":921},{},[38567],{"data":38568,"marks":38569,"value":38570,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Browser context",{"data":38572,"content":38573,"nodeType":883},{},[38574],{"data":38575,"marks":38576,"value":38577,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With Push, there’s no more: ",{"data":38579,"content":38580,"nodeType":1526},{},[38581,38591,38601,38611,38621,38631],{"data":38582,"content":38583,"nodeType":1505},{},[38584],{"data":38585,"content":38586,"nodeType":883},{},[38587],{"data":38588,"marks":38589,"value":38590,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Waiting (and hoping) that a browser-based attack gets recognized and reported by a user.",{"data":38592,"content":38593,"nodeType":1505},{},[38594],{"data":38595,"content":38596,"nodeType":883},{},[38597],{"data":38598,"marks":38599,"value":38600,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Guesswork as to exactly what happened on the phishing page. ",{"data":38602,"content":38603,"nodeType":1505},{},[38604],{"data":38605,"content":38606,"nodeType":883},{},[38607],{"data":38608,"marks":38609,"value":38610,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Struggling to get your hands on a live version of the page to see if it was actually malicious and getting thwarted because the attacker used a one-time phishing link. ",{"data":38612,"content":38613,"nodeType":1505},{},[38614],{"data":38615,"content":38616,"nodeType":883},{},[38617],{"data":38618,"marks":38619,"value":38620,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Manually tracing the attack to see if it arrived by email so you can quarantine the messages. ",{"data":38622,"content":38623,"nodeType":1505},{},[38624],{"data":38625,"content":38626,"nodeType":883},{},[38627],{"data":38628,"marks":38629,"value":38630,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Trawling through voluminous proxy logs for scraps of information (who else visited the link; where did it originate; etc.).",{"data":38632,"content":38633,"nodeType":1505},{},[38634],{"data":38635,"content":38636,"nodeType":883},{},[38637],{"data":38638,"marks":38639,"value":38640,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Spending precious time on urlscan or VirusTotal to get basic context on a domain or IP address. ",{"data":38642,"content":38643,"nodeType":883},{},[38644],{"data":38645,"marks":38646,"value":38647,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Instead, Push gives you all the information you need in one place to investigate and respond. ",{"data":38649,"content":38650,"nodeType":883},{},[38651],{"data":38652,"marks":38653,"value":38654,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The foundation for these detections is the Push browser agent, which can be silently installed in all major browsers in your environment to begin streaming information about a user’s entire identity footprint. ",{"data":38656,"content":38657,"nodeType":883},{},[38658],{"data":38659,"marks":38660,"value":38661,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This valuable telemetry, combined with Push’s out-of-the-box controls and detections, gives you a seat on the user’s side of the equation, capturing reliable information about network requests, scripts loaded by a malicious website, and what a user clicked and navigated to: the ingredients for showing you how a browser-based attack unfolded, start to finish.",{"data":38663,"content":38667,"nodeType":892},{"target":38664},{"sys":38665},{"id":38666,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7ylgcaNDrxYhw7bULixM1C",[],{"data":38669,"content":38670,"nodeType":883},{},[38671],{"data":38672,"marks":38673,"value":38674,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push raises a detection when it observes a phishing attack or when a user attempts to visit a blocked URL. You can view detections in the Push admin console, or send them to your SIEM or SOAR for correlation and analysis.",{"data":38676,"content":38677,"nodeType":921},{},[38678],{"data":38679,"marks":38680,"value":38681,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Screenshot capture",{"data":38683,"content":38684,"nodeType":883},{},[38685],{"data":38686,"marks":38687,"value":38688,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Push extension can also capture a screenshot at the time of a detection firing. This means security teams can see the visual characteristics of the page even if it’s since been taken down (and no more looking at bot protection screens like Cloudflare Turnstile on urlscan). ",{"data":38690,"content":38694,"nodeType":892},{"target":38691},{"sys":38692},{"id":38693,"type":889,"linkType":890},"58HPrc7wImm3mLxPK0yJOG",[],{"data":38696,"content":38697,"nodeType":921},{},[38698],{"data":38699,"marks":38700,"value":38701,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Blast radius analysis for all impacted accounts & apps",{"data":38703,"content":38704,"nodeType":883},{},[38705],{"data":38706,"marks":38707,"value":38708,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With Push’s knowledge of your workforce identities — based on observing logins in the browser that use corporate credentials — the platform can also provide an analysis of the blast radius of an attack by showing you where other accounts and apps are impacted or at risk.",{"data":38710,"content":38711,"nodeType":883},{},[38712],{"data":38713,"marks":38714,"value":38715,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This information helps you understand the true impact of an incident so you can remediate all affected accounts.",{"data":38717,"content":38721,"nodeType":892},{"target":38718},{"sys":38719},{"id":38720,"type":889,"linkType":890},"77e8XMl2Rb0p7ZrG2wmURO",[],{"data":38723,"content":38724,"nodeType":883},{},[38725,38729,38737],{"data":38726,"marks":38727,"value":38728,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push is able to provide this blast radius analysis by ",{"data":38730,"content":38731,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37724},[38732],{"data":38733,"marks":38734,"value":38736,"nodeType":867},{},[38735],{"type":876},"securely fingerprinting users’ passwords",{"data":38738,"marks":38739,"value":38740,"nodeType":867},{},[]," when a login is observed; analyzing them for security posture issues such as missing MFA, or stolen, weak, or reused passwords; and then raising that relevant context for a given detection.",{"data":38742,"content":38743,"nodeType":921},{},[38744],{"data":38745,"marks":38746,"value":38747,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Correlated context from urlscan.io",{"data":38749,"content":38750,"nodeType":883},{},[38751],{"data":38752,"marks":38753,"value":38754,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, through an integration with urlscan.io, Push is able to provide additional context about the domains involved in a detection event, including:",{"data":38756,"content":38757,"nodeType":1526},{},[38758,38768,38778,38788],{"data":38759,"content":38760,"nodeType":1505},{},[38761],{"data":38762,"content":38763,"nodeType":883},{},[38764],{"data":38765,"marks":38766,"value":38767,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When they were created",{"data":38769,"content":38770,"nodeType":1505},{},[38771],{"data":38772,"content":38773,"nodeType":883},{},[38774],{"data":38775,"marks":38776,"value":38777,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How many times they have previously been scanned",{"data":38779,"content":38780,"nodeType":1505},{},[38781],{"data":38782,"content":38783,"nodeType":883},{},[38784],{"data":38785,"marks":38786,"value":38787,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When they were last scanned",{"data":38789,"content":38790,"nodeType":1505},{},[38791],{"data":38792,"content":38793,"nodeType":883},{},[38794],{"data":38795,"marks":38796,"value":38797,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If urlscan has marked them as suspicious",{"data":38799,"content":38803,"nodeType":892},{"target":38800},{"sys":38801},{"id":38802,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2AKpAk65XdmaGBfe2V4qZ5",[],{"data":38805,"content":38806,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":38808,"content":38809,"nodeType":912},{},[38810],{"data":38811,"marks":38812,"value":38814,"nodeType":867},{},[38813],{"type":910},"Check out our latest webinar for practical guidance in real-world scenarios",{"data":38816,"content":38817,"nodeType":883},{},[38818,38822,38831,38834],{"data":38819,"marks":38820,"value":38821,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For practical advice and applied examples of how to use Push data in incident response — as well as some bonus examples of automated response and remediation use cases — ",{"data":38823,"content":38825,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38824},"https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/identity-detection-response",[38826],{"data":38827,"marks":38828,"value":38830,"nodeType":867},{},[38829],{"type":876},"join us live on August 13 for our webinar",{"data":38832,"marks":38833,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":38835,"marks":38836,"value":38838,"nodeType":867},{},[38837],{"type":910},"“Identity attacks have changed — have your IR playbooks?”",{"data":38840,"content":38841,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":38843,"content":38844,"nodeType":912},{},[38845],{"data":38846,"marks":38847,"value":6066,"nodeType":867},{},[38848],{"type":910},{"data":38850,"content":38851,"nodeType":883},{},[38852],{"data":38853,"marks":38854,"value":38855,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying, and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. ",{"data":38857,"content":38858,"nodeType":883},{},[38859],{"data":38860,"marks":38861,"value":38862,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, including ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more.",{"data":38864,"content":38865,"nodeType":883},{},[38866,38869,38877],{"data":38867,"marks":38868,"value":36971,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":38870,"content":38871,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[38872],{"data":38873,"marks":38874,"value":38876,"nodeType":867},{},[38875],{"type":876},"request a demo.",{"data":38878,"marks":38879,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Introducing Push Detections: Equipping SecOps and IR teams to stop browser-based attacks","We’re launching a new Detections capability, enabling security teams to more effectively investigate and triage alerts, and build more effective workflows. ","2025-07-29T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-push-detections",{"items":38885},[38886,38888],{"sys":38887,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":38889,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":38891},[38892],{"fullName":14681,"firstName":14682,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":38893},{"url":14685},{"__typename":1670,"sys":38895,"content":38896,"title":39239,"synopsis":39240,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":39241,"slug":39242,"tagsCollection":39243,"authorsCollection":39248},{"id":27515},{"json":38897},{"data":38898,"content":38899,"nodeType":1569},{},[38900,38907,38914,38921,38927,38934,38967,38974,38981,38988,38994,39001,39008,39026,39031,39038,39058,39076,39083,39090,39097,39104,39111,39118,39125,39145,39152,39159,39165,39171,39178,39202,39208,39227,39233],{"data":38901,"content":38902,"nodeType":883},{},[38903],{"data":38904,"marks":38905,"value":38906,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider has shown the world the devastating effects attackers can achieve by socially engineering IT help desks into performing MFA resets so they can take over accounts on sensitive corporate apps. ",{"data":38908,"content":38909,"nodeType":883},{},[38910],{"data":38911,"marks":38912,"value":38913,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s why we’re introducing Employee Identity Verification Codes — a simple, browser-based identity check that gives your help desk a reliable way to confirm they’re talking to someone from your organization.",{"data":38915,"content":38916,"nodeType":883},{},[38917],{"data":38918,"marks":38919,"value":38920,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push now provides your employees with a rotating 6-digit verification code in their browser via the Push Security extension. When an employee contacts your IT help desk to request an MFA reset or access recovery, the help desk can ask for this code to verify their identity — ensuring it’s really them, and not an attacker.",{"data":38922,"content":38926,"nodeType":892},{"target":38923},{"sys":38924},{"id":38925,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3PkiGgzwSt9Nb5rsGRiQVZ",[],{"data":38928,"content":38929,"nodeType":883},{},[38930],{"data":38931,"marks":38932,"value":38933,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The employee identity verification codes are:",{"data":38935,"content":38936,"nodeType":1526},{},[38937,38947,38957],{"data":38938,"content":38939,"nodeType":1505},{},[38940],{"data":38941,"content":38942,"nodeType":883},{},[38943],{"data":38944,"marks":38945,"value":38946,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Session-aware - generated in users’ browsers and only visible to them when they click on the Push Security extension icon in their browser toolbar.",{"data":38948,"content":38949,"nodeType":1505},{},[38950],{"data":38951,"content":38952,"nodeType":883},{},[38953],{"data":38954,"marks":38955,"value":38956,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Rotating: they change every 24 hours",{"data":38958,"content":38959,"nodeType":1505},{},[38960],{"data":38961,"content":38962,"nodeType":883},{},[38963],{"data":38964,"marks":38965,"value":38966,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Lightweight: no additional apps or devices required",{"data":38968,"content":38969,"nodeType":883},{},[38970],{"data":38971,"marks":38972,"value":38973,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s a fast, simple verification method — directly in the employee’s browser — that addresses a real-world threat.",{"data":38975,"content":38976,"nodeType":912},{},[38977],{"data":38978,"marks":38979,"value":38980,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We think it’s swell, but don’t just take our word for it …",{"data":38982,"content":38983,"nodeType":883},{},[38984],{"data":38985,"marks":38986,"value":38987,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Eric Rubin — a Senior Manager in GitLab’s Corporate Security team — has already rolled out Employee Identity Verification Codes across his workforce. Here’s what he had to say about it:",{"data":38989,"content":38993,"nodeType":892},{"target":38990},{"sys":38991},{"id":38992,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5ZLaA869NXpMjVwkswEyOB",[],{"data":38995,"content":38996,"nodeType":883},{},[38997],{"data":38998,"marks":38999,"value":39000,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Thank you, Eric!",{"data":39002,"content":39003,"nodeType":912},{},[39004],{"data":39005,"marks":39006,"value":39007,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why are help desk identity verification methods so hot right now?",{"data":39009,"content":39010,"nodeType":883},{},[39011,39015,39022],{"data":39012,"marks":39013,"value":39014,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A number of the high-profile incidents attributed to the ",{"data":39016,"content":39017,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8250},[39018],{"data":39019,"marks":39020,"value":39021,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider cybercriminal group",{"data":39023,"marks":39024,"value":39025,"nodeType":867},{},[]," saw them socially engineer IT help desks into resetting MFA on employee accounts that they had already acquired valid credentials for. These compromised accounts were typically on IdP systems like Okta providing SSO access to large numbers of downstream applications.",{"data":39027,"content":39030,"nodeType":892},{"target":39028},{"sys":39029},{"id":8359,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":39032,"content":39033,"nodeType":921},{},[39034],{"data":39035,"marks":39036,"value":39037,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Case study: The MGM Resorts breach",{"data":39039,"content":39040,"nodeType":883},{},[39041,39045,39054],{"data":39042,"marks":39043,"value":39044,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of Scattered Spider’s most notorious and well-documented attacks was against ",{"data":39046,"content":39048,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39047},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-mgm-resorts-september-2023",[39049],{"data":39050,"marks":39051,"value":39053,"nodeType":867},{},[39052],{"type":876},"MGM Resorts",{"data":39055,"marks":39056,"value":39057,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Scattered Spider socially engineered MGM Resorts’ help desk personnel to bypass MFA and log in to accounts for which they had acquired valid login credentials via credential phishing and historical infostealer compromises. ",{"data":39059,"content":39060,"nodeType":883},{},[39061,39065,39072],{"data":39062,"marks":39063,"value":39064,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They specifically targeted accounts with Super Administrator privileges within MGM Resorts’ Okta tenant, which they then used to register a second, attacker-controlled IdP via ",{"data":39066,"content":39067,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7360},[39068],{"data":39069,"marks":39070,"value":7366,"nodeType":867},{},[39071],{"type":876},{"data":39073,"marks":39074,"value":39075,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This then enabled them to impersonate any user within the Okta tenant. ",{"data":39077,"content":39078,"nodeType":883},{},[39079],{"data":39080,"marks":39081,"value":39082,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attackers were then able to abuse SSO access to downstream apps and platforms from various accounts, culminating in deployment of ransomware to around 100 ESXi servers and data exfiltration. ",{"data":39084,"content":39085,"nodeType":883},{},[39086],{"data":39087,"marks":39088,"value":39089,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The breach resulted in a 36-hour outage, a $100M hit to its Q3 results, one-time cyber consulting fees in the region of $10M, and a class-action lawsuit later settled for $45M. ",{"data":39091,"content":39092,"nodeType":921},{},[39093],{"data":39094,"marks":39095,"value":39096,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reassessing help desk verification processes",{"data":39098,"content":39099,"nodeType":883},{},[39100],{"data":39101,"marks":39102,"value":39103,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider’s high-profile attacks — including its most recent against UK retailers Marks & Spencer’s and the Co-op — has prompted many security teams to reassess the verification processes used by their IT help desks when an employee requests an MFA reset or access to sensitive applications. ",{"data":39105,"content":39106,"nodeType":883},{},[39107],{"data":39108,"marks":39109,"value":39110,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Initial guidance from across the industry included the use of call-back verification for any MFA or credential changes requested by an employee. However, Scattered Spider are also known to use SIM-swapping to trick mobile carriers into transferring a victim’s phone number to a SIM card controlled by the attacker - thereby allowing them to intercept verification calls. ",{"data":39112,"content":39113,"nodeType":912},{},[39114],{"data":39115,"marks":39116,"value":39117,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Simple verification using your employees’ browsers",{"data":39119,"content":39120,"nodeType":883},{},[39121],{"data":39122,"marks":39123,"value":39124,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push already provides several controls that directly align to the other TTPs used by Scattered Spider. They include detecting stolen credentials, cloned login pages, AitM toolkits and compromised IdP sessions. ",{"data":39126,"content":39127,"nodeType":883},{},[39128,39132,39141],{"data":39129,"marks":39130,"value":39131,"nodeType":867},{},[],"(BTW, if this piques your interest, you can ",{"data":39133,"content":39135,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39134},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources?type=webinar#content",[39136],{"data":39137,"marks":39138,"value":39140,"nodeType":867},{},[39139],{"type":876},"stream our latest webinar",{"data":39142,"marks":39143,"value":39144,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where we deep-dive into Scattered Spider, how their TTPs are evolving in 2025, and what Push is doing to protect organizations against them.) ",{"data":39146,"content":39147,"nodeType":883},{},[39148],{"data":39149,"marks":39150,"value":39151,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But to provide our customers with an additional layer of defense against the Scattered Spider attack chain, we wanted to see how we could make it harder for attackers to socially engineer IT help desks into gaining access to IdP systems and sensitive apps.",{"data":39153,"content":39154,"nodeType":883},{},[39155],{"data":39156,"marks":39157,"value":39158,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As so often is the case, the answer was staring us right in the face - we can use our browser extension. By placing a verification code in the details tray of every employees’ Push extension, they can use that to verify their identity with their help desk team.",{"data":39160,"content":39164,"nodeType":892},{"target":39161},{"sys":39162},{"id":39163,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4hRJVGqKGyOHJ8NSsQYWGP",[],{"data":39166,"content":39167,"nodeType":912},{},[39168],{"data":39169,"marks":39170,"value":8434,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":39172,"content":39173,"nodeType":883},{},[39174],{"data":39175,"marks":39176,"value":39177,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Employee verification codes is a Labs feature, which means it’s available on an early-access basis. We're particularly interested in hearing your feedback on how to develop this feature further.",{"data":39179,"content":39180,"nodeType":883},{},[39181,39185,39189,39193,39198],{"data":39182,"marks":39183,"value":39184,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can enable Labs features by going to the ",{"data":39186,"marks":39187,"value":14567,"nodeType":867},{},[39188],{"type":910},{"data":39190,"marks":39191,"value":39192,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page of the Push admin console and choosing the ",{"data":39194,"marks":39195,"value":39197,"nodeType":867},{},[39196],{"type":910},"Labs",{"data":39199,"marks":39200,"value":39201,"nodeType":867},{},[]," tab.",{"data":39203,"content":39207,"nodeType":892},{"target":39204},{"sys":39205},{"id":39206,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6TyqP2eOmalIF6RRoe476Y",[],{"data":39209,"content":39210,"nodeType":883},{},[39211,39215,39223],{"data":39212,"marks":39213,"value":39214,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’d like to find out more about this feature, and the other ways Push is stopping identity attacks in the browser, ",{"data":39216,"content":39217,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[39218],{"data":39219,"marks":39220,"value":39222,"nodeType":867},{},[39221],{"type":876},"book a demo",{"data":39224,"marks":39225,"value":39226,"nodeType":867},{},[]," with one of our team. ",{"data":39228,"content":39232,"nodeType":892},{"target":39229},{"sys":39230},{"id":39231,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7xBE9MrnMy3hfwIkhLhNhQ",[],{"data":39234,"content":39235,"nodeType":883},{},[39236],{"data":39237,"marks":39238,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A simple, browser-based way to protect your help desk against social engineering","Push's new Employee Identity Verification Codes feature is a simple way for your help desk to confirm they’re talking to someone from your organization.\n","2025-06-19T00:00:00.000Z","employee-identity-verification-codes-release",{"items":39244},[39245],{"sys":39246,"name":297},{"id":39247},"3pjES4THCIfSAwhGdNwBcy",{"items":39249},[39250],{"fullName":39251,"firstName":39252,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":39253},"Alex Henshall","Alex",{"url":39254},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2rz3Pre3b1MexPIQ4hzPUe/0ef8a092b7e7df00fbce3f7d1ccb96d1/Alex_Henshall.jpeg",{"__typename":1670,"sys":39256,"content":39257,"title":39802,"synopsis":39803,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":39804,"slug":39805,"tagsCollection":39806,"authorsCollection":39812},{"id":26507},{"json":39258},{"data":39259,"content":39260,"nodeType":1569},{},[39261,39280,39287,39310,39317,39324,39331,39350,39356,39359,39367,39374,39394,39438,39481,39511,39531,39536,39539,39547,39554,39561,39568,39575,39698,39705,39708,39715,39732,39749,39752,39760,39777,39784],{"data":39262,"content":39263,"nodeType":883},{},[39264,39268,39276],{"data":39265,"marks":39266,"value":39267,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Almost two years ago, we released our ",{"data":39269,"content":39270,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[39271],{"data":39272,"marks":39273,"value":39275,"nodeType":867},{},[39274],{"type":876},"SaaS attacks matrix",{"data":39277,"marks":39278,"value":39279,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on GitHub. At the time, our research into modern attack patterns showed us that attackers were increasingly relying on cloud-native techniques, taking advantage of the shift in business IT from traditional on-premise networks to a web of third-party services accessed over the internet. ",{"data":39281,"content":39282,"nodeType":883},{},[39283],{"data":39284,"marks":39285,"value":39286,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As part of our work in maintaining and updating the SaaS attacks matrix in line with our own research and attacks in the wild, we identified that:",{"data":39288,"content":39289,"nodeType":1526},{},[39290,39300],{"data":39291,"content":39292,"nodeType":1505},{},[39293],{"data":39294,"content":39295,"nodeType":883},{},[39296],{"data":39297,"marks":39298,"value":39299,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The fastest growing category since day 1 has been initial access, which is entirely driven by identity-based techniques (i.e. logging into apps).",{"data":39301,"content":39302,"nodeType":1505},{},[39303],{"data":39304,"content":39305,"nodeType":883},{},[39306],{"data":39307,"marks":39308,"value":39309,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing in various forms is the most widely used, and generally effective, of all the initial access techniques we encounter. ",{"data":39311,"content":39312,"nodeType":883},{},[39313],{"data":39314,"marks":39315,"value":39316,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s increasingly difficult to reflect a lot of the research we’re doing within the parameters of the SaaS attacks matrix when attackers are doing so much (and to varying levels) in how they architect their phishing sites, distribute links and lures, and find novel ways around authentication and access controls. ",{"data":39318,"content":39319,"nodeType":883},{},[39320],{"data":39321,"marks":39322,"value":39323,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Equally, while there’s a huge amount of valuable research and deep-dive analysis of how individual phishing kits are behaving produced by security firms, there’s a gap in how we’re bringing together this knowledge and understanding the broad strokes of why and how phishing attacks are still so successful.  ",{"data":39325,"content":39326,"nodeType":883},{},[39327],{"data":39328,"marks":39329,"value":39330,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We come across so many phishing attacks on a daily basis that it’s impossible to write a deep-dive teardown on every one — and to some extent it wouldn’t be useful to do so. What’s arguably more valuable is understanding the patterns and commonalities across phishing campaigns that can help us to understand, generally, how malicious tooling and tradecraft is evolving. ",{"data":39332,"content":39333,"nodeType":883},{},[39334,39338,39346],{"data":39335,"marks":39336,"value":39337,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, we decided to ",{"data":39339,"content":39340,"nodeType":878},{"uri":26596},[39341],{"data":39342,"marks":39343,"value":39345,"nodeType":867},{},[39344],{"type":876},"create a new resource",{"data":39347,"marks":39348,"value":39349,"nodeType":867},{},[]," giving phishing the space to breathe that it deserves. ",{"data":39351,"content":39355,"nodeType":892},{"target":39352},{"sys":39353},{"id":39354,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7rK8RR8KKQ9DbBouZKnjs6",[],{"data":39357,"content":39358,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":39360,"content":39361,"nodeType":912},{},[39362],{"data":39363,"marks":39364,"value":39366,"nodeType":867},{},[39365],{"type":910},"How phishing has evolved",{"data":39368,"content":39369,"nodeType":883},{},[39370],{"data":39371,"marks":39372,"value":39373,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s easy to write off phishing as unsophisticated and simplistic, particularly when we think back to the first generation of phishing attacks — static HTML pages purely designed to steal your username and password, linked directly from an email. ",{"data":39375,"content":39376,"nodeType":883},{},[39377,39381,39390],{"data":39378,"marks":39379,"value":39380,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern phishing has changed a lot in the past decade or so. ",{"data":39382,"content":39384,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39383},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/aitm-phishing/",[39385],{"data":39386,"marks":39387,"value":39389,"nodeType":867},{},[39388],{"type":876},"MFA-bypassing  Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) kits",{"data":39391,"marks":39392,"value":39393,"nodeType":867},{},[]," are table stakes — anyone can pick up a copy of Evilginx and immediately blow past most email and network security solutions on the market.  ",{"data":39395,"content":39396,"nodeType":883},{},[39397,39401,39410,39414,39422,39426,39434],{"data":39398,"marks":39399,"value":39400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But the most sophisticated attacks — the ones that usually hit the headlines in the form of major breaches — are doing much more than this. The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are ",{"data":39402,"content":39404,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39403},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/code-obfuscation/",[39405],{"data":39406,"marks":39407,"value":39409,"nodeType":867},{},[39408],{"type":876},"dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page",{"data":39411,"marks":39412,"value":39413,"nodeType":867},{},[],", implementing ",{"data":39415,"content":39416,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36148},[39417],{"data":39418,"marks":39419,"value":39421,"nodeType":867},{},[39420],{"type":876},"bot protection through custom CAPTCHA",{"data":39423,"marks":39424,"value":39425,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and using ",{"data":39427,"content":39428,"nodeType":878},{"uri":33073},[39429],{"data":39430,"marks":39431,"value":39433,"nodeType":867},{},[39432],{"type":876},"runtime anti-analysis features",{"data":39435,"marks":39436,"value":39437,"nodeType":867},{},[],", making them increasingly difficult to detect by the tools most enterprises are using to combat the problem. ",{"data":39439,"content":39440,"nodeType":883},{},[39441,39445,39452,39456,39465,39469,39477],{"data":39442,"marks":39443,"value":39444,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The techniques used by attackers to deliver phishing lures are also more sophisticated. Groups like Scattered Spider have been seen using ",{"data":39446,"content":39447,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19095},[39448],{"data":39449,"marks":39450,"value":441,"nodeType":867},{},[39451],{"type":876},{"data":39453,"marks":39454,"value":39455,"nodeType":867},{},[]," techniques, delivering phishing links via paid Google ads, while phishing campaigns are frequently encountered in ",{"data":39457,"content":39459,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39458},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/instant-messenger/",[39460],{"data":39461,"marks":39462,"value":39464,"nodeType":867},{},[39463],{"type":876},"IM apps",{"data":39466,"marks":39467,"value":39468,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (such as Slack and Teams), as well as ",{"data":39470,"content":39471,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36073},[39472],{"data":39473,"marks":39474,"value":39476,"nodeType":867},{},[39475],{"type":876},"public messaging services",{"data":39478,"marks":39479,"value":39480,"nodeType":867},{},[]," like LinkedIn messenger and Reddit — bypassing email altogether. ",{"data":39482,"content":39483,"nodeType":883},{},[39484,39488,39497,39501,39508],{"data":39485,"marks":39486,"value":39487,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The latest trends indicate that attackers are responding to increasingly hardened IdP/SSO configuration by using alternative phishing techniques that circumvent MFA and passkeys, either by ",{"data":39489,"content":39491,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39490},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/mfa-downgrade/",[39492],{"data":39493,"marks":39494,"value":39496,"nodeType":867},{},[39495],{"type":876},"downgrading to a backup (less secure) authentication method",{"data":39498,"marks":39499,"value":39500,"nodeType":867},{},[],", or sidestepping the legitimate auth process entirely through methods like ",{"data":39502,"content":39503,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19139},[39504],{"data":39505,"marks":39506,"value":19145,"nodeType":867},{},[39507],{"type":876},{"data":39509,"marks":39510,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":39512,"content":39513,"nodeType":883},{},[39514,39518,39527],{"data":39515,"marks":39516,"value":39517,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers have also realized how much valuable data exists in Shadow SaaS highlighted by major SaaS breaches impacting apps like Snowflake. This is driving ",{"data":39519,"content":39521,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39520},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/saas-admins/",[39522],{"data":39523,"marks":39524,"value":39526,"nodeType":867},{},[39525],{"type":876},"broader targeting against apps like Slack, Mailchimp, Postman, GitHub, and other commonly-used business apps directly",{"data":39528,"marks":39529,"value":39530,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — bypassing IdPs (MS, Google, Okta, etc.) that typically have more robust authentication controls in place.",{"data":39532,"content":39535,"nodeType":892},{"target":39533},{"sys":39534},{"id":35422,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":39537,"content":39538,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":39540,"content":39541,"nodeType":912},{},[39542],{"data":39543,"marks":39544,"value":39546,"nodeType":867},{},[39545],{"type":910},"Using the phishing detection evasion techniques matrix",{"data":39548,"content":39549,"nodeType":883},{},[39550],{"data":39551,"marks":39552,"value":39553,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With so much attacker innovation happening in the phishing space, it’s tricky for security teams and solution vendors to have a big picture view of the subtle changes attackers are making to their phishing attacks, and precisely why they’re doing it — or more specifically, which detection techniques they’re evading. ",{"data":39555,"content":39556,"nodeType":883},{},[39557],{"data":39558,"marks":39559,"value":39560,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you look at one of the many phishing kit teardowns found in security blogs online (including our own) it can be hard to see the wood for the trees when it comes to understanding why a phishing page behaves in the way it does — why is it behaving in this way? What control exactly is this trying to get around? ",{"data":39562,"content":39563,"nodeType":883},{},[39564],{"data":39565,"marks":39566,"value":39567,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By creating a simple framework breaking down the categories of a phishing attack into phases, each with its own specific attacker objective, we can better understand phishing kit behavior and track meaningful changes over time. This ensures that we understand how we need to adapt to as an industry in order to detect and block these attacks. ",{"data":39569,"content":39570,"nodeType":883},{},[39571],{"data":39572,"marks":39573,"value":39574,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The matrix covers the following categories:",{"data":39576,"content":39577,"nodeType":1526},{},[39578,39593,39608,39623,39638,39653,39668,39683],{"data":39579,"content":39580,"nodeType":1505},{},[39581],{"data":39582,"content":39583,"nodeType":883},{},[39584,39589],{"data":39585,"marks":39586,"value":39588,"nodeType":867},{},[39587],{"type":910},"Phase 1: Targeting",{"data":39590,"marks":39591,"value":39592,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — Identifying apps and users to evade security controls and achieve the shortest time-to-impact of a phishing attack. ",{"data":39594,"content":39595,"nodeType":1505},{},[39596],{"data":39597,"content":39598,"nodeType":883},{},[39599,39604],{"data":39600,"marks":39601,"value":39603,"nodeType":867},{},[39602],{"type":910},"Phase 2: Link delivery",{"data":39605,"marks":39606,"value":39607,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — Deliver links using phishing vectors that evade traditional security controls. ",{"data":39609,"content":39610,"nodeType":1505},{},[39611],{"data":39612,"content":39613,"nodeType":883},{},[39614,39619],{"data":39615,"marks":39616,"value":39618,"nodeType":867},{},[39617],{"type":910},"Phase 3: Link camouflage",{"data":39620,"marks":39621,"value":39622,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — Masking malicious links to prevent detection at the email, network proxy, or safe browsing layer. ",{"data":39624,"content":39625,"nodeType":1505},{},[39626],{"data":39627,"content":39628,"nodeType":883},{},[39629,39634],{"data":39630,"marks":39631,"value":39633,"nodeType":867},{},[39632],{"type":910},"Phase 4: TI evasion ",{"data":39635,"marks":39636,"value":39637,"nodeType":867},{},[],"— Preventing TI feeds from flagging and blocking known-bad domains by masking or changing elements likely to be flagged.",{"data":39639,"content":39640,"nodeType":1505},{},[39641],{"data":39642,"content":39643,"nodeType":883},{},[39644,39649],{"data":39645,"marks":39646,"value":39648,"nodeType":867},{},[39647],{"type":910},"Phase 5: Anti-analysis",{"data":39650,"marks":39651,"value":39652,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — Techniques to defeat automated “sandbox” analysis tools by preventing security teams and bots from accessing the page.",{"data":39654,"content":39655,"nodeType":1505},{},[39656],{"data":39657,"content":39658,"nodeType":883},{},[39659,39664],{"data":39660,"marks":39661,"value":39663,"nodeType":867},{},[39662],{"type":910},"Phase 6: Page obfuscation",{"data":39665,"marks":39666,"value":39667,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — Obfuscating page elements to break detection signatures analysing page content and code. ",{"data":39669,"content":39670,"nodeType":1505},{},[39671],{"data":39672,"content":39673,"nodeType":883},{},[39674,39679],{"data":39675,"marks":39676,"value":39678,"nodeType":867},{},[39677],{"type":910},"Phase 7: Defeat MFA & CA",{"data":39680,"marks":39681,"value":39682,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — Defeat authentication and access controls in order to successfully execute the phishing attack.",{"data":39684,"content":39685,"nodeType":1505},{},[39686],{"data":39687,"content":39688,"nodeType":883},{},[39689,39694],{"data":39690,"marks":39691,"value":39693,"nodeType":867},{},[39692],{"type":910},"Phase 8: Account takeover",{"data":39695,"marks":39696,"value":39697,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — Achieve a form of account takeover and conclude the identity attack, enabling further exploitation to take place.",{"data":39699,"content":39700,"nodeType":883},{},[39701],{"data":39702,"marks":39703,"value":39704,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Combining techniques and approaches from these categories is what enables attackers to bypass the majority of phishing detection controls they encounter today. You typically find that the more advanced the phishing kit / attacker, the more techniques they’ll leverage. And as phishing infrastructure becomes increasingly templated and commodified with as-a-Service or for-hire models, the average phishing attack will employ more of these measures to counter security controls. ",{"data":39706,"content":39707,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":39709,"content":39710,"nodeType":912},{},[39711],{"data":39712,"marks":39713,"value":36957,"nodeType":867},{},[39714],{"type":910},{"data":39716,"content":39717,"nodeType":883},{},[39718,39721,39729],{"data":39719,"marks":39720,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":39722,"content":39723,"nodeType":878},{"uri":26596},[39724],{"data":39725,"marks":39726,"value":39728,"nodeType":867},{},[39727],{"type":876},"You can find the matrix here.",{"data":39730,"marks":39731,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":39733,"content":39734,"nodeType":883},{},[39735,39739,39746],{"data":39736,"marks":39737,"value":39738,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to learn more about the research that led us to this point, and our take on how and why phishing attacks have evolved, ",{"data":39740,"content":39741,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37849},[39742],{"data":39743,"marks":39744,"value":39745,"nodeType":867},{},[],"you can also check out our latest whitepaper. ",{"data":39747,"marks":39748,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":39750,"content":39751,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":39753,"content":39754,"nodeType":912},{},[39755],{"data":39756,"marks":39757,"value":39759,"nodeType":867},{},[39758],{"type":910},"Get involved!",{"data":39761,"content":39762,"nodeType":883},{},[39763,39767,39773],{"data":39764,"marks":39765,"value":39766,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Like the ",{"data":39768,"content":39769,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[39770],{"data":39771,"marks":39772,"value":1691,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":39774,"marks":39775,"value":39776,"nodeType":867},{},[],", we’d love to see the security community using and helping us to maintain this resource to ensure it stays up to date with techniques as they evolve. ",{"data":39778,"content":39779,"nodeType":883},{},[39780],{"data":39781,"marks":39782,"value":39783,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unlike the SaaS matrix, which we’ve seen mostly leveraged by offensive security practitioners, phishing detection evasion techniques are most useful to blue teamers looking to assess current detection capabilities and understand why certain attacks got through existing defenses. ",{"data":39785,"content":39786,"nodeType":883},{},[39787,39791,39799],{"data":39788,"marks":39789,"value":39790,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’d like to add techniques you’ve observed or examples that you think demonstrate them, ",{"data":39792,"content":39794,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39793},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/phishing-techniques",[39795],{"data":39796,"marks":39797,"value":39798,"nodeType":867},{},[],"get involved on GitHub!",{"data":39800,"marks":39801,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Introducing our guide to phishing detection evasion techniques","Introducing our latest resource for security teams breaking down the techniques that modern phishing attacks are using to evade detection. 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",{"data":45700,"content":45701,"nodeType":883},{},[45702,45706,45714,45718,45725],{"data":45703,"marks":45704,"value":45705,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With recent evidence of exploitation in the wild in the form of ",{"data":45707,"content":45708,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36835},[45709],{"data":45710,"marks":45711,"value":45713,"nodeType":867},{},[45712],{"type":876},"app-specific password phishing",{"data":45715,"marks":45716,"value":45717,"nodeType":867},{},[],", our latest addition to the ",{"data":45719,"content":45720,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[45721],{"data":45722,"marks":45723,"value":39275,"nodeType":867},{},[45724],{"type":876},{"data":45726,"marks":45727,"value":45728,"nodeType":867},{},[],", it’s important that security teams are aware of this technique, what the risks are, and how to defend against it.  ",{"data":45730,"content":45731,"nodeType":883},{},[45732],{"data":45733,"marks":45734,"value":45735,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a quick look at how this actually works before we dive into the malicious use cases. ",{"data":45737,"content":45738,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":45740,"content":45741,"nodeType":912},{},[45742],{"data":45743,"marks":45744,"value":45746,"nodeType":867},{},[45745],{"type":910},"ASPs 101",{"data":45748,"content":45749,"nodeType":883},{},[45750,45754,45763],{"data":45751,"marks":45752,"value":45753,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ASPs are pretty straightforward. You log into your chosen account (e.g. Microsoft, Google, or Apple) and navigate to the ASP creation page — in Google’s case ",{"data":45755,"content":45757,"nodeType":878},{"uri":45756},"http://myaccount.google.com/apppasswords",[45758],{"data":45759,"marks":45760,"value":45762,"nodeType":867},{},[45761],{"type":876},"myaccount.google.com/apppasswords",{"data":45764,"marks":45765,"value":45766,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Then, it’s as simple as typing in a name and hitting the “create” button. ",{"data":45768,"content":45772,"nodeType":892},{"target":45769},{"sys":45770},{"id":45771,"type":889,"linkType":890},"76qanYHiwrSyrkwlYnCuCZ",[],{"data":45774,"content":45775,"nodeType":883},{},[45776],{"data":45777,"marks":45778,"value":45779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This isn’t actually app-specific in the sense that it’s tied to a specific app at the point of creation, but the idea is that you’d create a unique password for each app you want to log into. ",{"data":45781,"content":45782,"nodeType":883},{},[45783],{"data":45784,"marks":45785,"value":45786,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From this point, you can use the password along with your email address to log into apps normally. It’s important to note that this isn’t available for every app, but is specifically intended for things like third-party email clients. By logging in with an ASP, you are also granting specific permissions to the app. So in the case of Google, you can view, send and delete emails, access contacts, and access the calendar, but you can’t add mail rules, or access other G-Suite apps like Google Drive.   ",{"data":45788,"content":45789,"nodeType":883},{},[45790],{"data":45791,"marks":45792,"value":45793,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s important to note that you can’t use this as a substitute for SSO — e.g. you can’t authenticate to a third-party app like Slack using your Google account with an ASP, so the risk is somewhat limited to basic email functionality. That said, email access gives an attacker plenty to work with, and it’s enough to move laterally to other accounts through password and MFA resets — so there’s plenty of scope to expand the blast radius with a little extra legwork.  ",{"data":45795,"content":45796,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":45798,"content":45799,"nodeType":912},{},[45800],{"data":45801,"marks":45802,"value":45804,"nodeType":867},{},[45803],{"type":910},"How ASP phishing works",{"data":45806,"content":45807,"nodeType":883},{},[45808],{"data":45809,"marks":45810,"value":45811,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While logging in with an ASP doesn’t grant an attacker full access to the account, there’s still a lot that an attacker can do with access to email, contact, and calendar information. It’s certainly enough to be used in social engineering attacks impersonating the compromised user, as well as generally monitoring email activity. ",{"data":45813,"content":45814,"nodeType":883},{},[45815,45819,45828],{"data":45816,"marks":45817,"value":45818,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An ",{"data":45820,"content":45822,"nodeType":878},{"uri":45821},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/creative-phishing-academics-critics-of-russia",[45823],{"data":45824,"marks":45825,"value":45827,"nodeType":867},{},[45826],{"type":876},"example of this was recently disclosed",{"data":45829,"marks":45830,"value":45831,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where an expert on Russian information operations was targeted with a sophisticated and personalized social engineering attack, where the attacker was able to establish persistent access to the victim’s mailbox using ASPs by logging into a mail client. ",{"data":45833,"content":45834,"nodeType":883},{},[45835],{"data":45836,"marks":45837,"value":45838,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This involved a sophisticated lure impersonating the US Department of State instructing the victim on how to create and share an ASP with the attacker, granting access to their Google mailbox. ",{"data":45840,"content":45844,"nodeType":892},{"target":45841},{"sys":45842},{"id":45843,"type":889,"linkType":890},"Lt93bzQNcEzg2OoCSrgED",[],{"data":45846,"content":45847,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":45849,"content":45850,"nodeType":912},{},[45851],{"data":45852,"marks":45853,"value":45855,"nodeType":867},{},[45854],{"type":910},"Benefits and limitations of ASP phishing",{"data":45857,"content":45858,"nodeType":883},{},[45859],{"data":45860,"marks":45861,"value":45862,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This approach has a few advantages over conventional credential phishing:",{"data":45864,"content":45865,"nodeType":1526},{},[45866,45876,45886,45896],{"data":45867,"content":45868,"nodeType":1505},{},[45869],{"data":45870,"content":45871,"nodeType":883},{},[45872],{"data":45873,"marks":45874,"value":45875,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It completely sidesteps otherwise phishing-resistant login methods such as passkeys, and by design does not require MFA. ",{"data":45877,"content":45878,"nodeType":1505},{},[45879],{"data":45880,"content":45881,"nodeType":883},{},[45882],{"data":45883,"marks":45884,"value":45885,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This kind of attack also naturally doesn’t trigger many typical phishing or malware-based detections. As it’s pure social engineering, there is no malicious link, page, or file to analyse. ",{"data":45887,"content":45888,"nodeType":1505},{},[45889],{"data":45890,"content":45891,"nodeType":883},{},[45892],{"data":45893,"marks":45894,"value":45895,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For less technically aware victims, this might present a more effective alternative to traditional credential phishing — awareness training won’t extend to this kind of use case. ",{"data":45897,"content":45898,"nodeType":1505},{},[45899],{"data":45900,"content":45901,"nodeType":883},{},[45902,45906,45915,45919,45928],{"data":45903,"marks":45904,"value":45905,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While generic security alert emails are generated when an app password is created, visibility of actual login events is limited. For example, ",{"data":45907,"content":45909,"nodeType":878},{"uri":45908},"https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/298128558",[45910],{"data":45911,"marks":45912,"value":45914,"nodeType":867},{},[45913],{"type":876},"Google provides no logs for ASP creation and usage",{"data":45916,"marks":45917,"value":45918,"nodeType":867},{},[],", while ",{"data":45920,"content":45922,"nodeType":878},{"uri":45921},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/authentication/howto-mfa-app-passwords",[45923],{"data":45924,"marks":45925,"value":45927,"nodeType":867},{},[45926],{"type":876},"Microsoft provides no on-premises logging or auditing capability",{"data":45929,"marks":45930,"value":37381,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":45932,"content":45933,"nodeType":883},{},[45934],{"data":45935,"marks":45936,"value":45937,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, there are also limitations that will probably see this technique remain a niche choice for attackers. Namely, the complexity of the attack doesn’t necessarily map to the payoff, where it doesn’t result in full account compromise and the permissions/scopes of an ASP login are limited. This means that it lends itself to multi-step attacks, most likely as part of more targeted and stealthy attacks against specific individuals (as seen in the example above). For this reason, attackers are likely to prioritize other methods when they are available. ",{"data":45939,"content":45940,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":45942,"content":45943,"nodeType":912},{},[45944],{"data":45945,"marks":45946,"value":45948,"nodeType":867},{},[45947],{"type":910},"Comparing ASPs with other auth bypasses",{"data":45950,"content":45951,"nodeType":883},{},[45952],{"data":45953,"marks":45954,"value":45955,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ASP phishing is part of a growing trend of phishing techniques focused on bypassing conventional authentication. With more organizations investing in phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys/WebAuthn and using SSO as standard, attackers are increasingly looking to circumvent the standard login process entirely. ",{"data":45957,"content":45958,"nodeType":883},{},[45959],{"data":45960,"marks":45961,"value":45962,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similar phishing approaches designed to circumvent an account’s authentication controls include:",{"data":45964,"content":45965,"nodeType":1526},{},[45966,45988,46017,46036],{"data":45967,"content":45968,"nodeType":1505},{},[45969],{"data":45970,"content":45971,"nodeType":883},{},[45972,45976,45984],{"data":45973,"marks":45974,"value":45975,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing for ",{"data":45977,"content":45978,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37489},[45979],{"data":45980,"marks":45981,"value":45983,"nodeType":867},{},[45982],{"type":876},"API keys",{"data":45985,"marks":45986,"value":45987,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which has the advantage of granting full access to the account, and persisting even if the account password is changed (in contrast, Google resets all ASPs if the account password is changed). ",{"data":45989,"content":45990,"nodeType":1505},{},[45991],{"data":45992,"content":45993,"nodeType":883},{},[45994,45997,46004,46007,46014],{"data":45995,"marks":45996,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":45998,"content":45999,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25609},[46000],{"data":46001,"marks":46002,"value":30955,"nodeType":867},{},[46003],{"type":876},{"data":46005,"marks":46006,"value":36878,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46008,"content":46009,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36881},[46010],{"data":46011,"marks":46012,"value":36887,"nodeType":867},{},[46013],{"type":876},{"data":46015,"marks":46016,"value":36891,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46018,"content":46019,"nodeType":1505},{},[46020],{"data":46021,"content":46022,"nodeType":883},{},[46023,46026,46033],{"data":46024,"marks":46025,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46027,"content":46028,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9530},[46029],{"data":46030,"marks":46031,"value":360,"nodeType":867},{},[46032],{"type":876},{"data":46034,"marks":46035,"value":36911,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46037,"content":46038,"nodeType":1505},{},[46039],{"data":46040,"content":46041,"nodeType":883},{},[46042,46045,46052,46055,46062],{"data":46043,"marks":46044,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46046,"content":46047,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36923},[46048],{"data":46049,"marks":46050,"value":36929,"nodeType":867},{},[46051],{"type":876},{"data":46053,"marks":46054,"value":36933,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46056,"content":46057,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36936},[46058],{"data":46059,"marks":46060,"value":36942,"nodeType":867},{},[46061],{"type":876},{"data":46063,"marks":46064,"value":36946,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46066,"content":46067,"nodeType":883},{},[46068],{"data":46069,"marks":46070,"value":46071,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Clearly, ASP phishing is part of a much bigger trend in which attackers are moving away from conventional phishing tactics in order to sidestep the authentication process. ",{"data":46073,"content":46074,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":46076,"content":46077,"nodeType":912},{},[46078],{"data":46079,"marks":46080,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[46081],{"type":910},{"data":46083,"content":46084,"nodeType":883},{},[46085,46089,46096,46100,46107],{"data":46086,"marks":46087,"value":46088,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is a common misconception that adopting SSO-based logins, with a locked-down IdP account is an identity security silver bullet. The reality is that identity, authentication, and authorization is a complex and little-understood space. Even with SSO, there are ",{"data":46090,"content":46091,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[46092],{"data":46093,"marks":46094,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[46095],{"type":876},{"data":46097,"marks":46098,"value":46099,"nodeType":867},{},[],", backup login and MFA methods susceptible to ",{"data":46101,"content":46102,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36381},[46103],{"data":46104,"marks":46105,"value":30803,"nodeType":867},{},[46106],{"type":876},{"data":46108,"marks":46109,"value":46110,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and as we’ve seen with ASP phishing and similar techniques, many, many more ways to compromise an identity. ",{"data":46112,"content":46113,"nodeType":883},{},[46114],{"data":46115,"marks":46116,"value":46117,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security teams need to approach the complexity of identity security with their eyes open to reality. Without a full picture of how your various workforce identities can be accessed by your users, exploitable gaps will inevitably be left for attackers to take advantage of. ",{"data":46119,"content":46120,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":46122,"content":46123,"nodeType":912},{},[46124],{"data":46125,"marks":46126,"value":19352,"nodeType":867},{},[46127],{"type":910},{"data":46129,"content":46130,"nodeType":883},{},[46131],{"data":46132,"marks":46133,"value":46134,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Given the logging challenges relating to ASP creation and use, the best option is to prevent ASPs from being created in the first place. ",{"data":46136,"content":46137,"nodeType":883},{},[46138,46142,46151],{"data":46139,"marks":46140,"value":46141,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By default, users can't create app passwords in Microsoft. The app passwords feature must be enabled before users can use them. To check if this option is turned on, ",{"data":46143,"content":46145,"nodeType":878},{"uri":46144},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/entra/identity/authentication/howto-mfa-app-passwords",[46146],{"data":46147,"marks":46148,"value":46150,"nodeType":867},{},[46149],{"type":876},"you can see and toggle the setting in Entra",{"data":46152,"marks":46153,"value":46154,"nodeType":867},{},[]," by browsing to Conditional Access > Named locations > Configure MFA trusted IPs > Multifactor authentication page > Allow users to create app passwords to sign in to non-browser apps option.",{"data":46156,"content":46157,"nodeType":883},{},[46158],{"data":46159,"marks":46160,"value":46161,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Apple and Google ASPs can’t be disabled in the same way… but don’t worry. That’s where Push comes in. ",{"data":46163,"content":46164,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":46166,"content":46167,"nodeType":912},{},[46168],{"data":46169,"marks":46170,"value":6771,"nodeType":867},{},[46171],{"type":910},{"data":46173,"content":46174,"nodeType":883},{},[46175],{"data":46176,"marks":46177,"value":46178,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re working on adding visibility for ASPs being created, but users of our browser-based security platform can use existing features to prevent ASP phishing. Realistically, there’s no good reason for the average user to be configuring ASPs. So, you can use our URL blocking feature to prevent employees from accessing the pages for ASP creation on relevant apps. ",{"data":46180,"content":46184,"nodeType":892},{"target":46181},{"sys":46182},{"id":46183,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5i0Ou5a27XOt7gxJo9cu0P",[],{"data":46186,"content":46187,"nodeType":883},{},[46188],{"data":46189,"marks":46190,"value":46191,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When a user tries to access the page, they’ll see this message instead and a security alert will be generated. ",{"data":46193,"content":46197,"nodeType":892},{"target":46194},{"sys":46195},{"id":46196,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7nsimiWtv5XOuKkE9wL3A3",[],{"data":46199,"content":46200,"nodeType":883},{},[46201],{"data":46202,"marks":46203,"value":46204,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It is recommended that you block the following URLs for Google and Apple:",{"data":46206,"content":46207,"nodeType":1526},{},[46208,46227],{"data":46209,"content":46210,"nodeType":1505},{},[46211],{"data":46212,"content":46213,"nodeType":883},{},[46214,46217,46224],{"data":46215,"marks":46216,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46218,"content":46219,"nodeType":878},{"uri":45756},[46220],{"data":46221,"marks":46222,"value":45762,"nodeType":867},{},[46223],{"type":876},{"data":46225,"marks":46226,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46228,"content":46229,"nodeType":1505},{},[46230],{"data":46231,"content":46232,"nodeType":883},{},[46233,46236,46245],{"data":46234,"marks":46235,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46237,"content":46239,"nodeType":878},{"uri":46238},"http://appleid.apple.com/account/manage/security/secondary-password",[46240],{"data":46241,"marks":46242,"value":46244,"nodeType":867},{},[46243],{"type":876},"appleid.apple.com/account/manage/security/secondary-password",{"data":46246,"marks":46247,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46249,"content":46250,"nodeType":883},{},[46251],{"data":46252,"marks":46253,"value":46254,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unfortunately, there is no specific link to the Microsoft creation page — but as established above, this should not be enabled by default in Microsoft. ",{"data":46256,"content":46257,"nodeType":883},{},[46258],{"data":46259,"marks":46260,"value":46261,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you encounter any more apps which allow ASPs, you can similarly add the specific ASP creation page to the list of blocked URLs.",{"data":46263,"content":46264,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":46266,"content":46267,"nodeType":912},{},[46268],{"data":46269,"marks":46270,"value":46272,"nodeType":867},{},[46271],{"type":910},"Want to learn more about Push?",{"data":46274,"content":46275,"nodeType":883},{},[46276],{"data":46277,"marks":46278,"value":46279,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And that’s not all — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":46281,"content":46282,"nodeType":883},{},[46283,46286,46294],{"data":46284,"marks":46285,"value":36971,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":46287,"content":46289,"nodeType":878},{"uri":46288},"https://pushsecurity.com/",[46290],{"data":46291,"marks":46292,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[46293],{"type":876},{"data":46295,"marks":46296,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"App-Specific Password phishing: another novel way to get around passkeys and MFA","How App-Specific Password phishing is being used in the wild to bypass phishing-resistant authentication controls like passkeys. 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And this still doesn’t help with attacks launched over different mediums as we’ve highlighted above.",{"data":47020,"content":47021,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":47023,"content":47024,"nodeType":912},{},[47025],{"data":47026,"marks":47027,"value":47029,"nodeType":867},{},[47028],{"type":910},"How browser-based detection and response can level the playing field",{"data":47031,"content":47032,"nodeType":883},{},[47033],{"data":47034,"marks":47035,"value":47036,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most phishing attacks involve the delivery of a malicious link to a user. The user clicks the link and loads a malicious page. In the vast majority of cases, the malicious page is a login portal for a specific website, where the goal for the attacker is to steal the victim’s account.",{"data":47038,"content":47039,"nodeType":883},{},[47040,47044,47049],{"data":47041,"marks":47042,"value":47043,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These attacks are happening pretty much exclusively in the victim’s browser. So rather than building more email or network based controls looking from the outside-in at phishing pages accessed in the browser, there’s a huge opportunity presented by building phishing detection and response capabilities ",{"data":47045,"marks":47046,"value":47048,"nodeType":867},{},[47047],{"type":2278},"inside",{"data":47050,"marks":47051,"value":47052,"nodeType":867},{},[]," the browser. ",{"data":47054,"content":47055,"nodeType":883},{},[47056,47060,47065],{"data":47057,"marks":47058,"value":47059,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we look at the history of detection and response, this makes a lot of sense. When endpoint attacks skyrocketed in the late 2000s / early 2010s, they took advantage of the fact that defenders were trying to detect malware with primarily network-based detections, signature-based analysis of files, and running files in sandboxes (which was reliably defeated with sandbox-aware malware and using things as simple as putting an execution delay in the code). But this gave way to EDR, which presented a better way of observing and intercepting malicious software in ",{"data":47061,"marks":47062,"value":47064,"nodeType":867},{},[47063],{"type":910},"real-time",{"data":47066,"marks":47067,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47069,"content":47073,"nodeType":892},{"target":47070},{"sys":47071},{"id":47072,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1KFwJvbIMiWHb1erWlljZf",[],{"data":47075,"content":47076,"nodeType":883},{},[47077],{"data":47078,"marks":47079,"value":47080,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The key here was getting inside the data stream to be able to observe activity in real-time on the endpoint. ",{"data":47082,"content":47083,"nodeType":883},{},[47084],{"data":47085,"marks":47086,"value":47087,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re in a similar position today. Modern phishing attacks are happening on web pages accessed via the browser, and the tools we’re relying on — email, network, even endpoint — don’t have the required visibility. They’re looking from the outside-in. ",{"data":47089,"content":47093,"nodeType":892},{"target":47090},{"sys":47091},{"id":47092,"type":889,"linkType":890},"59t6AcjpRjs3VQQXQO3PWu",[],{"data":47095,"content":47096,"nodeType":883},{},[47097,47101,47106],{"data":47098,"marks":47099,"value":47100,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But what if we could do detection and response from ",{"data":47102,"marks":47103,"value":47105,"nodeType":867},{},[47104],{"type":910},"inside the browser?",{"data":47107,"marks":47108,"value":47109,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Here’s three reasons why the browser is best for stopping phishing attacks:",{"data":47111,"content":47112,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":47114,"content":47115,"nodeType":912},{},[47116],{"data":47117,"marks":47118,"value":47120,"nodeType":867},{},[47119],{"type":910},"#1: Analyze pages, not links",{"data":47122,"content":47123,"nodeType":883},{},[47124],{"data":47125,"marks":47126,"value":47127,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Common phishing detections rely on the analysis of links or static HTML as opposed to malicious pages. Modern phishing pages are no longer static HTML — like most other modern web pages, these are dynamic web apps rendered in the browser, with JavaScript dynamically rewriting the page and launching the malicious content. This means that most basic, static checks fail to identify the malicious content running on the page. ",{"data":47129,"content":47130,"nodeType":883},{},[47131],{"data":47132,"marks":47133,"value":47134,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Without deeper analysis, you’re reliant on analyzing things like domains, URLs and IP addresses against known-bad blocklists. But these are all highly disposable. Attackers are buying them in bulk, constantly taking over legitimate domains, and generally planning for the fact that they’ll get through a lot of them. Modern phishing architecture is also able to dynamically rotate and update the links served to visitors from a continually refreshed pool (so every person that clicks the link gets served a different URL) and even going as far as using things like one-time magic links (which also means that any security team members trying to investigate the page later won’t be able to do so). ",{"data":47136,"content":47137,"nodeType":883},{},[47138],{"data":47139,"marks":47140,"value":47141,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ultimately, this means that blocklists just aren’t that effective — because it’s trivial for attackers to change the indicators being used to create detections. If you think about the Pyramid of Pain, these indicators sit right at the bottom — the kind of thing we’ve been moving away from for years in the endpoint security world.  ",{"data":47143,"content":47144,"nodeType":883},{},[47145],{"data":47146,"marks":47147,"value":47148,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But in the browser, you can observe the rendered web page in all its glory. With much deeper visibility of the page (and its malicious elements) you can…",{"data":47150,"content":47151,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":47153,"content":47154,"nodeType":912},{},[47155],{"data":47156,"marks":47157,"value":47159,"nodeType":867},{},[47158],{"type":910},"#2: Detect TTPs, not IoCs",{"data":47161,"content":47162,"nodeType":883},{},[47163],{"data":47164,"marks":47165,"value":47166,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even where TTP-based detections are in play, they’re typically reliant on either piecing together network requests, or loading the page in a sandbox. ",{"data":47168,"content":47169,"nodeType":883},{},[47170],{"data":47171,"marks":47172,"value":47173,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, attackers are getting pretty good at evading sandbox analysis — simply by implementing bot protection by requiring user interaction with a CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile. Even if you can get past Turnstile, then you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, and execute JavaScript, to be served the malicious page. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":47175,"content":47176,"nodeType":883},{},[47177,47181,47190],{"data":47178,"marks":47179,"value":47180,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And if all this wasn’t enough, ",{"data":47182,"content":47184,"nodeType":878},{"uri":47183},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[47185],{"data":47186,"marks":47187,"value":47189,"nodeType":867},{},[47188],{"type":876},"they’re also obfuscating both visual and DOM elements to prevent signature-based detections from picking them up",{"data":47191,"marks":47192,"value":47193,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — so even if you can land on the page, there’s a high chance that your detections won’t trigger.",{"data":47195,"content":47196,"nodeType":883},{},[47197],{"data":47198,"marks":47199,"value":47200,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When using a proxy, you’ll have some visibility of the network traffic generated by a user accessing and interacting with a page. However, you’ll struggle to correlate key actions like whether the user entered their password with the specific tab when dealing with the sheer volume of disorganized network traffic data. ",{"data":47202,"content":47203,"nodeType":883},{},[47204],{"data":47205,"marks":47206,"value":47208,"nodeType":867},{},[47207],{"type":910},"But you get much better visibility of all this in the browser, with access to:",{"data":47210,"content":47211,"nodeType":1526},{},[47212,47221,47231,47241],{"data":47213,"content":47214,"nodeType":1505},{},[47215],{"data":47216,"content":47217,"nodeType":883},{},[47218],{"data":47219,"marks":47220,"value":38410,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47222,"content":47223,"nodeType":1505},{},[47224],{"data":47225,"content":47226,"nodeType":883},{},[47227],{"data":47228,"marks":47229,"value":47230,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Full user interaction tracing — every click, keystroke, or DOM change can be traced",{"data":47232,"content":47233,"nodeType":1505},{},[47234],{"data":47235,"content":47236,"nodeType":883},{},[47237],{"data":47238,"marks":47239,"value":47240,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Full inspection at every layer of execution, not just initial HTML served",{"data":47242,"content":47243,"nodeType":1505},{},[47244],{"data":47245,"content":47246,"nodeType":883},{},[47247],{"data":47248,"marks":47249,"value":47250,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Full access to browser APIs, to correlate with browser history, local storage, attached cookies, etc.",{"data":47252,"content":47253,"nodeType":883},{},[47254],{"data":47255,"marks":47256,"value":47257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This gives you everything you need to build high-fidelity detections focused on page behavior and user interaction – that are much harder for attackers to get around when compared to IoC-based detections. ",{"data":47259,"content":47263,"nodeType":892},{"target":47260},{"sys":47261},{"id":47262,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1YggWcADAWgt3sUkXMsVIw",[],{"data":47265,"content":47266,"nodeType":883},{},[47267],{"data":47268,"marks":47269,"value":47270,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the browser, you get much better visibility of the user and page behavior to enable phishing page detection.",{"data":47272,"content":47276,"nodeType":892},{"target":47273},{"sys":47274},{"id":47275,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1BKgjnYkLJIRW0LJZYpfga",[],{"data":47278,"content":47279,"nodeType":883},{},[47280],{"data":47281,"marks":47282,"value":47283,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And with this new visibility, because you’re in the browser and seeing the page at the same time as the user is interacting with it, you can…",{"data":47285,"content":47286,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":47288,"content":47289,"nodeType":912},{},[47290],{"data":47291,"marks":47292,"value":47294,"nodeType":867},{},[47293],{"type":910},"#3: Intercept in real time, not post mortem",{"data":47296,"content":47297,"nodeType":883},{},[47298,47302,47307],{"data":47299,"marks":47300,"value":47301,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For non-browser solutions, ",{"data":47303,"marks":47304,"value":47306,"nodeType":867},{},[47305],{"type":910},"real-time phishing detection is basically nonexistent",{"data":47308,"marks":47309,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47311,"content":47312,"nodeType":883},{},[47313],{"data":47314,"marks":47315,"value":47316,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At best, your proxy-based solution might be able to detect malicious behavior via the network traffic generated by your user interacting with the page. But because of the complexity of reconstructing network requests post-TLS-encryption, this typically happens on a time delay and is not entirely reliable. ",{"data":47318,"content":47319,"nodeType":883},{},[47320,47324,47329,47333,47338,47342,47346,47350,47355],{"data":47321,"marks":47322,"value":47323,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If a page is flagged, it usually requires further investigation by a security team to rule out any false positives and kick off an investigation. This can take ",{"data":47325,"marks":47326,"value":47328,"nodeType":867},{},[47327],{"type":910},"hours",{"data":47330,"marks":47331,"value":47332,"nodeType":867},{},[]," at best, probably ",{"data":47334,"marks":47335,"value":47337,"nodeType":867},{},[47336],{"type":910},"days",{"data":47339,"marks":47340,"value":47341,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Then, once a page is identified as malicious and IoCs are created, it can take ",{"data":47343,"marks":47344,"value":47337,"nodeType":867},{},[47345],{"type":910},{"data":47347,"marks":47348,"value":47349,"nodeType":867},{},[]," or even ",{"data":47351,"marks":47352,"value":47354,"nodeType":867},{},[47353],{"type":910},"weeks",{"data":47356,"marks":47357,"value":47358,"nodeType":867},{},[]," before the information is distributed, TI feeds are updated, and ingested into blocklists. ",{"data":47360,"content":47361,"nodeType":883},{},[47362,47366],{"data":47363,"marks":47364,"value":47365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But in the browser, you’re observing the page in real-time, as the user sees it, from inside the browser. This is a game changer when it comes to not just detecting, but intercepting and shutting down attacks before a user is phished and the damage is done. ",{"data":47367,"marks":47368,"value":47370,"nodeType":867},{},[47369],{"type":910},"This changes the focus from post mortem containment and cleanup, to pre-compromise interception in real time. ",{"data":47372,"content":47373,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":47375,"content":47376,"nodeType":912},{},[47377],{"data":47378,"marks":47379,"value":47381,"nodeType":867},{},[47380],{"type":910},"The future of phishing detection and response is browser based",{"data":47383,"content":47384,"nodeType":883},{},[47385],{"data":47386,"marks":47387,"value":47388,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push provides a browser-based identity security solution that intercepts phishing attacks as they happen — in employee browsers. Being in the browser delivers a lot of advantages when it comes to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks. You see the live webpage that the user sees, as they see it, meaning you have much better visibility of malicious elements running on the page. It also means that you can implement real-time controls that kick in when a malicious element is detected. ",{"data":47390,"content":47391,"nodeType":883},{},[47392],{"data":47393,"marks":47394,"value":47395,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When a phishing attack hits a user with Push, regardless of the delivery channel, our browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page, detecting that:",{"data":47397,"content":47398,"nodeType":1526},{},[47399,47409,47419],{"data":47400,"content":47401,"nodeType":1505},{},[47402],{"data":47403,"content":47404,"nodeType":883},{},[47405],{"data":47406,"marks":47407,"value":47408,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The password the user is entering into the phishing site has been used to log into another site previously. This means that the password is being reused (bad) or the user is being phished (even worse).  ",{"data":47410,"content":47411,"nodeType":1505},{},[47412],{"data":47413,"content":47414,"nodeType":883},{},[47415],{"data":47416,"marks":47417,"value":47418,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The web page is cloned from a legitimate login page that has been fingerprinted by Push. ",{"data":47420,"content":47421,"nodeType":1505},{},[47422],{"data":47423,"content":47424,"nodeType":883},{},[47425],{"data":47426,"marks":47427,"value":47428,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A phishing toolkit is running on the web page. ",{"data":47430,"content":47431,"nodeType":883},{},[47432],{"data":47433,"marks":47434,"value":47435,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a result, the user is blocked from interacting with the phishing site and prevented from continuing. ",{"data":47437,"content":47438,"nodeType":883},{},[47439,47444,47453],{"data":47440,"marks":47441,"value":47443,"nodeType":867},{},[47442],{"type":910},"These are good examples of detections that are difficult (or impossible) for an attacker to evade — you can’t phish a victim if they can’t enter their credentials into your phishing site! ",{"data":47445,"content":47447,"nodeType":878},{"uri":47446},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[47448],{"data":47449,"marks":47450,"value":47452,"nodeType":867},{},[47451],{"type":876},"Find out more about how Push detects and blocks phishing attacks here.",{"data":47454,"marks":47455,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47457,"content":47461,"nodeType":892},{"target":47458},{"sys":47459},{"id":47460,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4ixcEsEW4EyqckOTmP5Pbb",[],{"data":47463,"content":47467,"nodeType":892},{"target":47464},{"sys":47465},{"id":47466,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4PJKxWTroEPohYm4mklfl6",[],{"data":47469,"content":47470,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":47472,"content":47473,"nodeType":912},{},[47474],{"data":47475,"marks":47476,"value":36957,"nodeType":867},{},[47477],{"type":910},{"data":47479,"content":47480,"nodeType":883},{},[47481],{"data":47482,"marks":47483,"value":47484,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It doesn’t stop there — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":47486,"content":47487,"nodeType":883},{},[47488,47491,47499],{"data":47489,"marks":47490,"value":36971,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47492,"content":47494,"nodeType":878},{"uri":47493},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[47495],{"data":47496,"marks":47497,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[47498],{"type":876},{"data":47500,"marks":47501,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47503,"content":47507,"nodeType":892},{"target":47504},{"sys":47505},{"id":47506,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2DviJNOMbKgbcqwkNl0LDP",[],{"data":47509,"content":47510,"nodeType":883},{},[47511],{"data":47512,"marks":47513,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Three reasons why browser is best for stopping phishing attacks","Why being in the browser gives defenders a key advantage over network and email phishing prevention, detection, and response tools. ","2025-04-28T00:00:00.000Z","three-reasons-why-browser-is-best-for-stopping-phishing-attacks",{"items":47519},[47520,47522],{"sys":47521,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":47523,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":47525},[47526],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":47527},{"url":2541},"blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks",{"json":47530},{"data":47531,"content":47532,"nodeType":1569},{},[47533],{"data":47534,"content":47535,"nodeType":883},{},[47536],{"data":47537,"marks":47538,"value":47539,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MFA downgrade (also known as auth downgrade) is an increasingly common technique used by attackers to bypass phishing-resistant authentication methods registered to an account — simply by selecting an alternative (phishable) method. ",{"id":36322,"publishedAt":47541},"2026-08-12T11:53:58.140Z",{"items":47543},[47544,47546],{"sys":47545,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":47547,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":47549},[47550,47552,47554,47556,47558,47560,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576],{"sys":47551,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":47553,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":47555,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":47557,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":47559,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":47561,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":47563,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":47565,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":47567,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":47569,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":47571,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":47573,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":47575,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":47577,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},"TdIWvxAWk6HxiHM6_ywXanD9PluTDY4edl7mPI6NeTQ",{"id":47580,"title":47581,"authorsCollection":47582,"content":47587,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":48393,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":48395,"metaTitle":48396,"ogImage":48397,"postType":9486,"publishedDate":48399,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":48400,"slug":49807,"stem":49808,"subtitle":59,"summary":49809,"synopsis":49820,"sys":49821,"tagsCollection":49824,"topicsCollection":49830,"__hash__":49868},"blog/blog/key-takeaways-from-the-scattered-spider-attacks-on-insurance-firms.json","3 key takeaways from the Scattered Spider attacks on aviation & insurance firms",{"items":47583},[47584],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"socialLinks":47585,"profilePicture":47586},[8558],{"url":2541},{"json":47588,"links":48298},{"data":47589,"content":47590,"nodeType":1569},{},[47591,47596,47660,47667,47674,47677,47683,47690,47738,47745,47748,47755,47783,47872,47888,47893,47896,47903,47910,47916,47922,47929,48007,48014,48056,48064,48067,48074,48081,48088,48095,48102,48108,48111,48118,48138,48145,48168,48175,48178,48184,48190,48196,48201,48218,48223,48229,48236,48242,48245,48251,48270,48287,48292],{"data":47592,"content":47595,"nodeType":892},{"target":47593},{"sys":47594},{"id":7866,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":47597,"content":47598,"nodeType":883},{},[47599,47603,47610,47613,47620,47623,47630,47633,47639,47642,47648,47651,47657],{"data":47600,"marks":47601,"value":47602,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider continues to dominate the headlines, with the latest news linking the hackers to attacks on U.S. insurance giant ",{"data":47604,"content":47605,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8002},[47606],{"data":47607,"marks":47608,"value":8008,"nodeType":867},{},[47609],{"type":876},{"data":47611,"marks":47612,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47614,"content":47615,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8014},[47616],{"data":47617,"marks":47618,"value":8020,"nodeType":867},{},[47619],{"type":876},{"data":47621,"marks":47622,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47624,"content":47625,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8027},[47626],{"data":47627,"marks":47628,"value":8033,"nodeType":867},{},[47629],{"type":876},{"data":47631,"marks":47632,"value":8037,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47634,"content":47635,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8040},[47636],{"data":47637,"marks":47638,"value":8045,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47640,"marks":47641,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47643,"content":47644,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8051},[47645],{"data":47646,"marks":47647,"value":8056,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47649,"marks":47650,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47652,"content":47653,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8051},[47654],{"data":47655,"marks":47656,"value":8066,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47658,"marks":47659,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47661,"content":47662,"nodeType":883},{},[47663],{"data":47664,"marks":47665,"value":47666,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This comes at the same time that Google Threat Intelligence Group shared that it “is now aware of multiple intrusions in the U.S. which bear the hallmarks of Scattered Spider activity”, specifically impacting the insurance industry. ",{"data":47668,"content":47669,"nodeType":883},{},[47670],{"data":47671,"marks":47672,"value":47673,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But what exactly does this mean? To answer this, let’s quickly recap how we got here and what a Scattered Spider attack looks like.  ",{"data":47675,"content":47676,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":47678,"content":47679,"nodeType":912},{},[47680],{"data":47681,"marks":47682,"value":6928,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47684,"content":47685,"nodeType":883},{},[47686],{"data":47687,"marks":47688,"value":47689,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The criminal collective tracked by analysts as Scattered Spider has been active since 2022 and have been linked to a range of high-profile breaches, for example the attacks on Caesars and MGM Resorts in 2023, and Transport for London in 2024. ",{"data":47691,"content":47692,"nodeType":1526},{},[47693,47708,47723],{"data":47694,"content":47695,"nodeType":1505},{},[47696],{"data":47697,"content":47698,"nodeType":883},{},[47699,47704],{"data":47700,"marks":47701,"value":47703,"nodeType":867},{},[47702],{"type":910},"Caesars: ",{"data":47705,"marks":47706,"value":47707,"nodeType":867},{},[],"hackers impersonated an IT user and convinced an outsourced help desk to reset credentials, after which the attacker stole the customer loyalty program database and secured a $15m ransom payment. ",{"data":47709,"content":47710,"nodeType":1505},{},[47711],{"data":47712,"content":47713,"nodeType":883},{},[47714,47719],{"data":47715,"marks":47716,"value":47718,"nodeType":867},{},[47717],{"type":910},"MGM Resorts: ",{"data":47720,"marks":47721,"value":47722,"nodeType":867},{},[],"hackers used LinkedIn information to impersonate an employee and reset the employee’s credentials, resulting in a 6TB data theft. After MGM refused to pay, the attack eventually resulted in a 36-hour outage, a $100m hit, and a class-action lawsuit settled for $45m. ",{"data":47724,"content":47725,"nodeType":1505},{},[47726],{"data":47727,"content":47728,"nodeType":883},{},[47729,47734],{"data":47730,"marks":47731,"value":47733,"nodeType":867},{},[47732],{"type":910},"Transport for London:",{"data":47735,"marks":47736,"value":47737,"nodeType":867},{},[]," resulted in 5,000 users’ bank details exposed, 30,000 staff required to attend in-person appointments to verify their identities and reset passwords, and significant disruption to online services lasting for months.",{"data":47739,"content":47740,"nodeType":883},{},[47741],{"data":47742,"marks":47743,"value":47744,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The calling card in these attacks was the abuse of help desk processes to reset passwords and/or MFA factors used to access an account. The attacker simply calls up the help desk with enough information to impersonate an employee, asks them to send an MFA enrollment link for their new mobile device, and can then utilize self-service password reset functionality to take control of the account. Scarily simple. ",{"data":47746,"content":47747,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":47749,"content":47750,"nodeType":912},{},[47751],{"data":47752,"marks":47753,"value":47754,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider’s resurgence in 2025",{"data":47756,"content":47757,"nodeType":883},{},[47758,47762,47769,47772,47779],{"data":47759,"marks":47760,"value":47761,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This technique was reprised in a series of high-profile attacks in 2025, with major breaches of UK retailers ",{"data":47763,"content":47764,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7877},[47765],{"data":47766,"marks":47767,"value":7883,"nodeType":867},{},[47768],{"type":876},{"data":47770,"marks":47771,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47773,"content":47774,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7889},[47775],{"data":47776,"marks":47777,"value":7895,"nodeType":867},{},[47778],{"type":876},{"data":47780,"marks":47781,"value":47782,"nodeType":867},{},[]," dominating the headlines. Both resulted in the loss of sensitive data and prolonged disruption to in-store and digital services, with M&S feeling the pain of £300m in lost profits and a share value hit approaching £1b, and a multimillion-pound class action lawsuit and possible ICO fines looming.",{"data":47784,"content":47785,"nodeType":883},{},[47786,47789,47796,47799,47806,47809,47816,47819,47826,47829,47836,47839,47846,47849,47856,47860,47868],{"data":47787,"marks":47788,"value":7906,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47790,"content":47791,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7909},[47792],{"data":47793,"marks":47794,"value":7915,"nodeType":867},{},[47795],{"type":876},{"data":47797,"marks":47798,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47800,"content":47801,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7921},[47802],{"data":47803,"marks":47804,"value":7927,"nodeType":867},{},[47805],{"type":876},{"data":47807,"marks":47808,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47810,"content":47811,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7933},[47812],{"data":47813,"marks":47814,"value":7939,"nodeType":867},{},[47815],{"type":876},{"data":47817,"marks":47818,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47820,"content":47821,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7945},[47822],{"data":47823,"marks":47824,"value":7951,"nodeType":867},{},[47825],{"type":876},{"data":47827,"marks":47828,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47830,"content":47831,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7957},[47832],{"data":47833,"marks":47834,"value":7963,"nodeType":867},{},[47835],{"type":876},{"data":47837,"marks":47838,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47840,"content":47841,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7969},[47842],{"data":47843,"marks":47844,"value":7975,"nodeType":867},{},[47845],{"type":876},{"data":47847,"marks":47848,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47850,"content":47851,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7982},[47852],{"data":47853,"marks":47854,"value":7988,"nodeType":867},{},[47855],{"type":876},{"data":47857,"marks":47858,"value":47859,"nodeType":867},{},[]," were among the retailers to suffer a breach between May-June 2025. Unlike the ",{"data":47861,"content":47862,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[47863],{"data":47864,"marks":47865,"value":47867,"nodeType":867},{},[47866],{"type":876},"mass Snowflake breaches in 2024",{"data":47869,"marks":47870,"value":47871,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (which targeted a single platform used by many organizations), these attacks are notable in that they are seemingly unrelated — they simply represent a concerted effort by attackers to target the retail sector. ",{"data":47873,"content":47874,"nodeType":883},{},[47875,47879,47884],{"data":47876,"marks":47877,"value":47878,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Less details have been provided about these attacks compared to the M&S and Co-op breaches, but a number of them specifically point to the use of ",{"data":47880,"marks":47881,"value":47883,"nodeType":867},{},[47882],{"type":910},"identity-based techniques",{"data":47885,"marks":47886,"value":47887,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as opposed to more traditional software exploits — another hallmark of Scattered Spider. This leads us to our first key takeaway…",{"data":47889,"content":47892,"nodeType":892},{"target":47890},{"sys":47891},{"id":8359,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":47894,"content":47895,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":47897,"content":47898,"nodeType":912},{},[47899],{"data":47900,"marks":47901,"value":47902,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Takeaway #1: Identity-based TTPs are the new normal",{"data":47904,"content":47905,"nodeType":883},{},[47906],{"data":47907,"marks":47908,"value":47909,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider’s attacks are the latest in a growing number of identity-based breaches. When we look back at Scattered Spider’s TTP evolution, we can see that they have consistently exploited identity-based weaknesses in order to gain access to victim environments. ",{"data":47911,"content":47915,"nodeType":892},{"target":47912},{"sys":47913},{"id":47914,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2vs8WgO4gfGLxscjGMBSY6",[],{"data":47917,"content":47918,"nodeType":883},{},[47919],{"data":47920,"marks":47921,"value":8241,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47923,"content":47924,"nodeType":883},{},[47925],{"data":47926,"marks":47927,"value":47928,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider has heavily relied on identity-based TTPs since they first emerged in 2022, following a repeatable path of bypassing MFA, achieving account takeover on privileged accounts, stealing data from cloud services, and deploying ransomware (principally in VMware environments). TTPs used by Scattered Spider include:",{"data":47930,"content":47931,"nodeType":1526},{},[47932,47941,47950,47969,47978,47987],{"data":47933,"content":47934,"nodeType":1505},{},[47935],{"data":47936,"content":47937,"nodeType":883},{},[47938],{"data":47939,"marks":47940,"value":8273,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47942,"content":47943,"nodeType":1505},{},[47944],{"data":47945,"content":47946,"nodeType":883},{},[47947],{"data":47948,"marks":47949,"value":8283,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47951,"content":47952,"nodeType":1505},{},[47953],{"data":47954,"content":47955,"nodeType":883},{},[47956,47959,47966],{"data":47957,"marks":47958,"value":8293,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47960,"content":47961,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7148},[47962],{"data":47963,"marks":47964,"value":7153,"nodeType":867},{},[47965],{"type":876},{"data":47967,"marks":47968,"value":8304,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47970,"content":47971,"nodeType":1505},{},[47972],{"data":47973,"content":47974,"nodeType":883},{},[47975],{"data":47976,"marks":47977,"value":8314,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47979,"content":47980,"nodeType":1505},{},[47981],{"data":47982,"content":47983,"nodeType":883},{},[47984],{"data":47985,"marks":47986,"value":8324,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47988,"content":47989,"nodeType":1505},{},[47990],{"data":47991,"content":47992,"nodeType":883},{},[47993,47996,48003],{"data":47994,"marks":47995,"value":8334,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":47997,"content":47998,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[47999],{"data":48000,"marks":48001,"value":8343,"nodeType":867},{},[48002],{"type":876},{"data":48004,"marks":48005,"value":48006,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to steal live user sessions",{"data":48008,"content":48009,"nodeType":883},{},[48010],{"data":48011,"marks":48012,"value":48013,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, help desk scams are an important part of their toolkit, but it’s not the whole picture. Methods like AiTM phishing in particular have spiked in popularity this year as a reliable and scalable way of bypassing MFA and achieving account takeover.",{"data":48015,"content":48016,"nodeType":883},{},[48017,48021,48030,48033,48040,48044,48053],{"data":48018,"marks":48019,"value":48020,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s important not to think about these techniques as just a Scattered Spider trait either. After all, Scattered Spider is not a self-identified group — it’s a name given by analysts to patterns of activity. Given the series of arrests in 2024, it’s unlikely that the current incarnation of Scattered Spider is the same individuals behind the attacks in 2022-2024. And these identity-based attack patterns are shared across various self-named criminal groups like, ",{"data":48022,"content":48024,"nodeType":878},{"uri":48023},"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-08/CSRB_Lapsus%24_508c.pdf",[48025],{"data":48026,"marks":48027,"value":48029,"nodeType":867},{},[48028],{"type":876},"Lapsus$, Yanluowang, Karakurt",{"data":48031,"marks":48032,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48034,"content":48035,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[48036],{"data":48037,"marks":48038,"value":4208,"nodeType":867},{},[48039],{"type":876},{"data":48041,"marks":48042,"value":48043,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Even Russian state-sponsored actors are ",{"data":48045,"content":48047,"nodeType":878},{"uri":48046},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/05/27/new-russia-affiliated-actor-void-blizzard-targets-critical-sectors-for-espionage/",[48048],{"data":48049,"marks":48050,"value":48052,"nodeType":867},{},[48051],{"type":876},"increasingly using the kinds of techniques popularised by criminal groups",{"data":48054,"marks":48055,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48057,"content":48058,"nodeType":883},{},[48059],{"data":48060,"marks":48061,"value":48063,"nodeType":867},{},[48062],{"type":910},"Simply, identity-based techniques are the new normal for attackers in 2025. ",{"data":48065,"content":48066,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":48068,"content":48069,"nodeType":912},{},[48070],{"data":48071,"marks":48072,"value":48073,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Takeaway #2: Help desk scams aren't new, but they're here to stay",{"data":48075,"content":48076,"nodeType":883},{},[48077],{"data":48078,"marks":48079,"value":48080,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we established earlier, help desk scams are nothing new (we saw them in the Caesars, MGM Resorts, and Transport for London breaches to name a few). But they’re likely to become increasingly prevalent as Scattered Spider continues to demonstrate just how effective help desk scams are. ",{"data":48082,"content":48083,"nodeType":883},{},[48084],{"data":48085,"marks":48086,"value":48087,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the reasons they’re so effective is that most help desks have the same process for every account — it doesn’t matter who you’re impersonating or which account you’re trying to reset. So, attackers are specifically targeting accounts likely to have top tier admin privileges — meaning once they get in, progressing the attack is trivial and much of the typical privilege escalation and lateral movement is removed from the attack path. ",{"data":48089,"content":48090,"nodeType":883},{},[48091],{"data":48092,"marks":48093,"value":48094,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Help desks are a target for a reason. They’re “helpful” by nature. This is usually reflected in how they’re operated and performance measured — delays won’t help you to hit those SLAs! Ultimately, a process only works if employees are willing to adhere to it — and can’t be socially engineered to break it. Help desks that are removed from day-to-day operations (especially when outsourced or offshored) are also inherently susceptible to attacks where employees are impersonated. ",{"data":48096,"content":48097,"nodeType":883},{},[48098],{"data":48099,"marks":48100,"value":48101,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But, the attacks that organizations are experiencing at the moment should give security stakeholders plenty of ammunition as to why help desk reforms are vital to securing the business (and what can happen if you don’t make changes). ",{"data":48103,"content":48107,"nodeType":892},{"target":48104},{"sys":48105},{"id":48106,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5Z3J9QuPKesWShV4OGMrYt",[],{"data":48109,"content":48110,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":48112,"content":48113,"nodeType":912},{},[48114],{"data":48115,"marks":48116,"value":48117,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Takeaway #3: Scattered Spider are consciously evading established security controls",{"data":48119,"content":48120,"nodeType":883},{},[48121,48125,48130,48133],{"data":48122,"marks":48123,"value":48124,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, there’s more to Scattered Spider’s toolkit than just help desk scams. In fact, their approach can be broadly classified as",{"data":48126,"marks":48127,"value":48129,"nodeType":867},{},[48128],{"type":910}," consciously evading established controls",{"data":48131,"marks":48132,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48134,"marks":48135,"value":48137,"nodeType":867},{},[48136],{"type":910},"at the endpoint and network layer by targeting identities. ",{"data":48139,"content":48140,"nodeType":883},{},[48141],{"data":48142,"marks":48143,"value":48144,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From the point of account takeover, they also follow repeatable patterns:",{"data":48146,"content":48147,"nodeType":1526},{},[48148,48158],{"data":48149,"content":48150,"nodeType":1505},{},[48151],{"data":48152,"content":48153,"nodeType":883},{},[48154],{"data":48155,"marks":48156,"value":48157,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Harvesting and exfiltrating data from cloud and SaaS services, where monitoring is typically less consistent than traditional on-premise environments, and exfiltration often blends in with normal activity. Many organizations simply don’t have the logs or visibility to detect malicious activity in the cloud anyway, and Scattered Spider have also been seen tampering with cloud logs (e.g. filtering risky AWS CloudTrail logs, but not disabling it entirely so as not to raise suspicion).",{"data":48159,"content":48160,"nodeType":1505},{},[48161],{"data":48162,"content":48163,"nodeType":883},{},[48164],{"data":48165,"marks":48166,"value":48167,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Targeting VMware environments for ransomware deployment. They do this by adding their compromised user account to the VMware admins group in VCentre (if needed — they are going after accounts with top tier privileges by default). From here, they can access the VMware environment via the ESXi hypervisor layer, where security software is nonexistent — thereby bypassing EDR and other typical endpoint and host based controls you rely on to prevent ransomware execution. ",{"data":48169,"content":48170,"nodeType":883},{},[48171],{"data":48172,"marks":48173,"value":48174,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The key theme? Getting around your established security controls. ",{"data":48176,"content":48177,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":48179,"content":48180,"nodeType":912},{},[48181],{"data":48182,"marks":48183,"value":8370,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48185,"content":48186,"nodeType":883},{},[48187],{"data":48188,"marks":48189,"value":8377,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48191,"content":48192,"nodeType":883},{},[48193],{"data":48194,"marks":48195,"value":8384,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48197,"content":48200,"nodeType":892},{"target":48198},{"sys":48199},{"id":8389,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":48202,"content":48203,"nodeType":883},{},[48204,48208,48215],{"data":48205,"marks":48206,"value":48207,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To help combat help desk scams, Push recently released ",{"data":48209,"content":48210,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8400},[48211],{"data":48212,"marks":48213,"value":8407,"nodeType":867},{},[48214],{"type":910},{"data":48216,"marks":48217,"value":8411,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48219,"content":48222,"nodeType":892},{"target":48220},{"sys":48221},{"id":8416,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":48224,"content":48225,"nodeType":883},{},[48226],{"data":48227,"marks":48228,"value":8424,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48230,"content":48231,"nodeType":883},{},[48232],{"data":48233,"marks":48234,"value":48235,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Eric Rubin — a Senior Manager in GitLab’s Corporate Security team — has already rolled out Employee Identity Verification Codes across his workforce. Here’s what he had to say:",{"data":48237,"content":48241,"nodeType":892},{"target":48238},{"sys":48239},{"id":48240,"type":889,"linkType":890},"jHH13doHHHaqUUxHoBeKW",[],{"data":48243,"content":48244,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":48246,"content":48247,"nodeType":912},{},[48248],{"data":48249,"marks":48250,"value":8434,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48252,"content":48253,"nodeType":883},{},[48254,48257,48266],{"data":48255,"marks":48256,"value":8441,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48258,"content":48260,"nodeType":878},{"uri":48259},"https://pushsecurity.com/free-tool/employee-verification-codes?utm_campaign=15408561-FY25Q2-Employee-verification-codes&utm_source=Sponsored-content&utm_content=bleepingcomputer",[48261],{"data":48262,"marks":48263,"value":48265,"nodeType":867},{},[48264],{"type":876},"sign up for a trial account and you can deploy the extension organization-wide to make use of this feature.",{"data":48267,"marks":48268,"value":48269,"nodeType":867},{},[]," While you’re at it, you can trial Push’s full features for up to 10 users for free. ",{"data":48271,"content":48272,"nodeType":883},{},[48273,48276,48284],{"data":48274,"marks":48275,"value":8461,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48277,"content":48279,"nodeType":878},{"uri":48278},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo/?utm_campaign=12883224-FY25Q2_Scattered-Spider&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_content=sponsored-article",[48280],{"data":48281,"marks":48282,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[48283],{"type":876},{"data":48285,"marks":48286,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":48288,"content":48291,"nodeType":892},{"target":48289},{"sys":48290},{"id":8476,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":48293,"content":48294,"nodeType":883},{},[48295],{"data":48296,"marks":48297,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":48299},{"hyperlink":48300,"inline":48301,"block":48302},[],[],[48303,48339,48344,48350,48374,48379,48382,48389],{"sys":48304,"__typename":1636,"content":48305,"name":48338,"title":59},{"id":7866},{"json":48306},{"nodeType":1569,"data":48307,"content":48308},{},[48309],{"nodeType":883,"data":48310,"content":48311},{},[48312,48316,48323,48327,48334],{"nodeType":867,"value":48313,"marks":48314,"data":48315},"It's been a busy year for cyber criminals! This article has now been superseded with the rise to infamy of ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":48317,"content":48318},{"uri":30746},[48319],{"nodeType":867,"value":48320,"marks":48321,"data":48322},"\"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters\"",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":48324,"marks":48325,"data":48326},". The guidance and TTPs in this blog post still apply, but ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":48328,"content":48329},{"uri":30746},[48330],{"nodeType":867,"value":48331,"marks":48332,"data":48333},"check out our new post",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":48335,"marks":48336,"data":48337}," for the full picture of Scattered Spider-linked breaches dating back to 2021. ",[],{},"SS insight box 1",{"sys":48340,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":48341,"buttonLabel":48342,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":48343},{"id":8359},"Learn about Scattered Spider's latest TTPs in our on-demand webinar","Watch on-demand","https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/scatteredspider",{"sys":48345,"__typename":1584,"title":48346,"caption":48346,"layoutMode":59,"file":48347},{"id":47914},"Scattered Spider initial access vectors in public breaches where the attack vector was disclosed.",{"url":48348,"width":1602,"height":48349},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7hJowGlrqAWDpGIag1xWX5/0ce85d41e117129c3db25ea4a09a5604/image3.png",1136,{"sys":48351,"__typename":1636,"content":48352,"name":48373,"title":59},{"id":48106},{"json":48353},{"nodeType":1569,"data":48354,"content":48355},{},[48356],{"nodeType":883,"data":48357,"content":48358},{},[48359,48362,48369],{"nodeType":867,"value":21,"marks":48360,"data":48361},[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":48363,"content":48364},{"uri":7405},[48365],{"nodeType":867,"value":48366,"marks":48367,"data":48368},"Check out our recent blog post",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":48370,"marks":48371,"data":48372}," to learn more about help desk scams and how to protect your organization. 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",{"data":51355,"content":51356,"nodeType":878},{"uri":48023},[51357],{"data":51358,"marks":51359,"value":48029,"nodeType":867},{},[51360],{"type":876},{"data":51362,"marks":51363,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51365,"content":51366,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[51367],{"data":51368,"marks":51369,"value":4208,"nodeType":867},{},[51370],{"type":876},{"data":51372,"marks":51373,"value":51374,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (behind the Snowflake attacks in 2024).",{"data":51376,"content":51380,"nodeType":892},{"target":51377},{"sys":51378},{"id":51379,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4sgT2Jw3iODUTdG2oPOrFC",[],{"data":51382,"content":51383,"nodeType":921},{},[51384],{"data":51385,"marks":51386,"value":51388,"nodeType":867},{},[51387],{"type":910},"Case study: MGM Resorts",{"data":51390,"content":51391,"nodeType":883},{},[51392,51396,51403,51407,51414],{"data":51393,"marks":51394,"value":51395,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of Scattered Spider’s most notorious and well-documented attacks was that affecting ",{"data":51397,"content":51398,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39047},[51399],{"data":51400,"marks":51401,"value":39053,"nodeType":867},{},[51402],{"type":876},{"data":51404,"marks":51405,"value":51406,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Scattered Spider socially engineered MGM Resorts helpdesk personnel bypass MFA and log into accounts for which they had acquired valid login credentials for via credential phishing and historical infostealer compromises. They specifically targeted accounts with Super Administrator privileges within MGM Resorts’ Okta tenant, which they then used to register a second, attacker-controlled IdP via ",{"data":51408,"content":51409,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7360},[51410],{"data":51411,"marks":51412,"value":7366,"nodeType":867},{},[51413],{"type":876},{"data":51415,"marks":51416,"value":51417,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which enabled them to impersonate any user within the Okta tenant. This then enabled them to abuse SSO access to downstream apps and platforms from various accounts, culminating in deployment of ransomware to around 100 ESXi servers and data exfiltration. ",{"data":51419,"content":51420,"nodeType":883},{},[51421,51425,51430,51434,51439,51443,51448,51452,51457],{"data":51422,"marks":51423,"value":51424,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The breach resulted in a ",{"data":51426,"marks":51427,"value":51429,"nodeType":867},{},[51428],{"type":910},"36-hour outage",{"data":51431,"marks":51432,"value":51433,"nodeType":867},{},[],", a ",{"data":51435,"marks":51436,"value":51438,"nodeType":867},{},[51437],{"type":910},"$100M ",{"data":51440,"marks":51441,"value":51442,"nodeType":867},{},[],"hit to its Q3 results, one-time cyber consulting fees in the region of ",{"data":51444,"marks":51445,"value":51447,"nodeType":867},{},[51446],{"type":910},"$10M",{"data":51449,"marks":51450,"value":51451,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and a class-action lawsuit later settled for ",{"data":51453,"marks":51454,"value":51456,"nodeType":867},{},[51455],{"type":910},"$45M",{"data":51458,"marks":51459,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51461,"content":51465,"nodeType":892},{"target":51462},{"sys":51463},{"id":51464,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2vYvBXqFeKt7Ix0Ynh8cZu",[],{"data":51467,"content":51468,"nodeType":921},{},[51469],{"data":51470,"marks":51471,"value":51473,"nodeType":867},{},[51472],{"type":910},"Case Study: Snowflake",{"data":51475,"content":51476,"nodeType":883},{},[51477,51481,51488],{"data":51478,"marks":51479,"value":51480,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Members of Scattered Spider have been affiliated with ShinyHunters, the group behind the ",{"data":51482,"content":51483,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[51484],{"data":51485,"marks":51486,"value":51487,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Snowflake breaches in mid-2024",{"data":51489,"marks":51490,"value":51491,"nodeType":867},{},[],". ShinyHunters associates targeted ~165 organizations that were subjected to account takeover attacks using stolen credentials harvested from historical infostealer infections dating back as far as 2020, according to Mandiant’s investigation. In total, 9 public victims were named following the breach, collectively impacting hundreds of millions of people. Snowflake was a watershed moment that signalled the significant opportunity presented by identity attacks on cloud services. It demonstrated how comparatively unsophisticated methods (logging in to user accounts with stolen credentials and dumping the data) can have the same or greater impact as a traditional network or endpoint based cyber attack involving vulnerability exploitation, malware deployment, ransomware, etc.",{"data":51493,"content":51497,"nodeType":892},{"target":51494},{"sys":51495},{"id":51496,"type":889,"linkType":890},"49nJMPQjQ37Mfr2yWA56P3",[],{"data":51499,"content":51500,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":51502,"content":51503,"nodeType":912},{},[51504],{"data":51505,"marks":51506,"value":51508,"nodeType":867},{},[51507],{"type":910},"Arrests haven’t slowed Scattered Spider",{"data":51510,"content":51511,"nodeType":883},{},[51512],{"data":51513,"marks":51514,"value":51515,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In late 2024 following the Transport for London attacks (which resulted in prolonged disruption to key online services underpinning London’s public transport network, theft of 5,000 users bank details, and all 30,000 staff members having to reset their online credentials in person) a series of arrests were made in the UK and USA. ",{"data":51517,"content":51521,"nodeType":892},{"target":51518},{"sys":51519},{"id":51520,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2X2nyhO2hOqm9f0Le4lDC5",[],{"data":51523,"content":51524,"nodeType":883},{},[51525,51529,51537,51540,51547,51550,51559],{"data":51526,"marks":51527,"value":51528,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, this doesn’t seem to have impacted Scattered Spider’s ability to operate, with the ongoing campaign against UK retail companies including ",{"data":51530,"content":51532,"nodeType":878},{"uri":51531},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/marks-and-spencer-breach-linked-to-scattered-spider-ransomware-attack/",[51533],{"data":51534,"marks":51535,"value":7883,"nodeType":867},{},[51536],{"type":876},{"data":51538,"marks":51539,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51541,"content":51542,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7889},[51543],{"data":51544,"marks":51545,"value":7895,"nodeType":867},{},[51546],{"type":876},{"data":51548,"marks":51549,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51551,"content":51553,"nodeType":878},{"uri":51552},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/harrods-the-next-uk-retailer-targeted-in-a-cyberattack/",[51554],{"data":51555,"marks":51556,"value":51558,"nodeType":867},{},[51557],{"type":876},"Harrods",{"data":51560,"marks":51561,"value":51562,"nodeType":867},{},[]," being strongly linked to Scattered Spider. Beginning on Easter weekend, the Marks and Spencer attack has had the biggest impact so far, resulting in severe disruption to the retailer with agency staff told not to come into work, online shopping services being taken offline, stores running low on products, £300M in lost profits, and almost £1B wiped off the company’s stock market valuation at one stage. ",{"data":51564,"content":51565,"nodeType":883},{},[51566,51569,51576,51579,51586,51589,51596,51599,51606,51609,51616,51619,51626,51629,51636,51640,51646,51649,51655,51658,51664,51667,51673,51676,51682,51685,51691],{"data":51567,"marks":51568,"value":7906,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51570,"content":51571,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7909},[51572],{"data":51573,"marks":51574,"value":7915,"nodeType":867},{},[51575],{"type":876},{"data":51577,"marks":51578,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51580,"content":51581,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7921},[51582],{"data":51583,"marks":51584,"value":7927,"nodeType":867},{},[51585],{"type":876},{"data":51587,"marks":51588,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51590,"content":51591,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7933},[51592],{"data":51593,"marks":51594,"value":7939,"nodeType":867},{},[51595],{"type":876},{"data":51597,"marks":51598,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51600,"content":51601,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7945},[51602],{"data":51603,"marks":51604,"value":7951,"nodeType":867},{},[51605],{"type":876},{"data":51607,"marks":51608,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51610,"content":51611,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7957},[51612],{"data":51613,"marks":51614,"value":7963,"nodeType":867},{},[51615],{"type":876},{"data":51617,"marks":51618,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51620,"content":51621,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7969},[51622],{"data":51623,"marks":51624,"value":7975,"nodeType":867},{},[51625],{"type":876},{"data":51627,"marks":51628,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51630,"content":51631,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7982},[51632],{"data":51633,"marks":51634,"value":7988,"nodeType":867},{},[51635],{"type":876},{"data":51637,"marks":51638,"value":51639,"nodeType":867},{},[]," were among the retailers to suffer a breach between May-June 2025. More recently, Scattered Spider has targeted U.S. insurance giant ",{"data":51641,"content":51642,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8002},[51643],{"data":51644,"marks":51645,"value":8008,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51647,"marks":51648,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51650,"content":51651,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8014},[51652],{"data":51653,"marks":51654,"value":8020,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51656,"marks":51657,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51659,"content":51660,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8027},[51661],{"data":51662,"marks":51663,"value":8033,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51665,"marks":51666,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51668,"content":51669,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8051},[51670],{"data":51671,"marks":51672,"value":8056,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51674,"marks":51675,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51677,"content":51678,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8051},[51679],{"data":51680,"marks":51681,"value":8066,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51683,"marks":51684,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51686,"content":51687,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8040},[51688],{"data":51689,"marks":51690,"value":8045,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51692,"marks":51693,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51695,"content":51696,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":51698,"content":51699,"nodeType":912},{},[51700],{"data":51701,"marks":51702,"value":51704,"nodeType":867},{},[51703],{"type":910},"Scattered Spider TTP analysis",{"data":51706,"content":51707,"nodeType":883},{},[51708],{"data":51709,"marks":51710,"value":51711,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Along with a clear MO (financial gain via data exfiltration and extortion) Scattered Spider has demonstrated a pattern of go-to TTPs over recent years. ",{"data":51713,"content":51714,"nodeType":921},{},[51715],{"data":51716,"marks":51717,"value":51719,"nodeType":867},{},[51718],{"type":910},"Social engineering, help desk scams, and SIM swapping",{"data":51721,"content":51722,"nodeType":883},{},[51723,51727,51736,51739,51747],{"data":51724,"marks":51725,"value":51726,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The public breaches associated with Scattered Spider have predominantly featured social engineering heavy initial access, mainly through help desk scams where the attacker contacts support personnel specifically to bypass MFA for accounts where they have acquired valid credentials via credential phishing or infostealers, but cannot access the account due the additional layer of protection. They have similarly used ",{"data":51728,"content":51730,"nodeType":878},{"uri":51729},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc3944-sms-phishing-sim-swapping-ransomware/",[51731],{"data":51732,"marks":51733,"value":51735,"nodeType":867},{},[51734],{"type":876},"SIM swapping, smishing",{"data":51737,"marks":51738,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51740,"content":51741,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7148},[51742],{"data":51743,"marks":51744,"value":51746,"nodeType":867},{},[51745],{"type":876},"MFA fatigue/push bombing",{"data":51748,"marks":51749,"value":51750,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to achieve account takeover.",{"data":51752,"content":51756,"nodeType":892},{"target":51753},{"sys":51754},{"id":51755,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2Z7qnaK4LXRhnQDvPT2ZXe",[],{"data":51758,"content":51759,"nodeType":921},{},[51760],{"data":51761,"marks":51762,"value":51764,"nodeType":867},{},[51763],{"type":910},"Impersonating and targeting SaaS services",{"data":51766,"content":51767,"nodeType":883},{},[51768,51772,51781],{"data":51769,"marks":51770,"value":51771,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider have also been known to ",{"data":51773,"content":51775,"nodeType":878},{"uri":51774},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc3944-targets-saas-applications",[51776],{"data":51777,"marks":51778,"value":51780,"nodeType":867},{},[51779],{"type":876},"target SaaS applications and cloud services",{"data":51782,"marks":51783,"value":51784,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — both as part of their phishing strategies by impersonating app providers, as well as in their lateral movement and exploitation when an identity has been compromised. This has included applications such as vCenter, CyberArk, SalesForce, Azure, CrowdStrike, AWS, and GCP. ",{"data":51786,"content":51787,"nodeType":883},{},[51788],{"data":51789,"marks":51790,"value":51791,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When conducting phishing campaigns, they’ve created custom domains for their phishing sites based on the organizations they are targeting: ",{"data":51793,"content":51797,"nodeType":892},{"target":51794},{"sys":51795},{"id":51796,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3ufdtfyJpZ4FUWbKR2yNNm",[],{"data":51799,"content":51800,"nodeType":883},{},[51801],{"data":51802,"marks":51803,"value":51804,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And they have impersonated many software brands — either as targets themselves, or as convincing third-parties to lure their targets to interact with. ",{"data":51806,"content":51810,"nodeType":892},{"target":51807},{"sys":51808},{"id":51809,"type":889,"linkType":890},"XgrG1qKwXrpd399BwkHiR",[],{"data":51812,"content":51813,"nodeType":883},{},[51814,51818,51827],{"data":51815,"marks":51816,"value":51817,"nodeType":867},{},[],"(Shout out to the excellent analysis by the folks at ",{"data":51819,"content":51821,"nodeType":878},{"uri":51820},"https://www.silentpush.com/blog/scattered-spider-2025/#h-new-scattered-spider-ttps-for-2025",[51822],{"data":51823,"marks":51824,"value":51826,"nodeType":867},{},[51825],{"type":876},"Silent Push",{"data":51828,"marks":51829,"value":8624,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51831,"content":51832,"nodeType":921},{},[51833],{"data":51834,"marks":51835,"value":51837,"nodeType":867},{},[51836],{"type":910},"Targeting identity providers to abuse OAuth and SSO",{"data":51839,"content":51840,"nodeType":883},{},[51841,51845,51852],{"data":51842,"marks":51843,"value":51844,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A key part of this approach is abusing OAuth by targeting identity providers (IdPs) such as Okta and Microsoft Entra. By compromising IdP accounts with administrator privileges, Scattered Spider has leveraged techniques such as ",{"data":51846,"content":51847,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7360},[51848],{"data":51849,"marks":51850,"value":7366,"nodeType":867},{},[51851],{"type":876},{"data":51853,"marks":51854,"value":51855,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to gain unrestricted access to the identities within the target IdP tenant (the equivalent of a full Active Directory compromise on-premise).",{"data":51857,"content":51858,"nodeType":921},{},[51859],{"data":51860,"marks":51861,"value":51863,"nodeType":867},{},[51862],{"type":910},"Encryption of cloud servers and data theft for extortion",{"data":51865,"content":51866,"nodeType":883},{},[51867],{"data":51868,"marks":51869,"value":51870,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When executing the final stages of an attack, Scattered Spider first exfiltrates data through a variety of methods, even using SaaS services such as DropBox and FiveTran to extract copies of high-value service databases, such as SalesForce and ZenDesk, using API connectors. ",{"data":51872,"content":51873,"nodeType":883},{},[51874],{"data":51875,"marks":51876,"value":51877,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a typical \"double-extortion\" style, they then deploy ransomware by targeting cloud server environments such as VMWare ESXi (specifically to avoid security tools by targeting the hypervisor layer). Scattered Spider have been known to act as affiliates for various ransomware operations, including RansomHub, Qilin, and DragonForce.",{"data":51879,"content":51880,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":51882,"content":51883,"nodeType":912},{},[51884],{"data":51885,"marks":51886,"value":51888,"nodeType":867},{},[51887],{"type":910},"Scattered Spider TTP evolution in 2025",{"data":51890,"content":51891,"nodeType":883},{},[51892],{"data":51893,"marks":51894,"value":51895,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In 2025, security researchers have observed a significant increase in Scattered Spider phishing activity, particularly in the form of MFA-bypassing Attacker-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing pages. ",{"data":51897,"content":51901,"nodeType":892},{"target":51898},{"sys":51899},{"id":51900,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2jH5TrpHueIE8qpU3lunJi",[],{"data":51903,"content":51904,"nodeType":883},{},[51905],{"data":51906,"marks":51907,"value":51908,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Along with this shift, a number of TTPs have been observed relating to detection evasion measures implemented on these phishing pages.",{"data":51910,"content":51911,"nodeType":921},{},[51912],{"data":51913,"marks":51914,"value":51916,"nodeType":867},{},[51915],{"type":910},"Rapid phishing domain rotation",{"data":51918,"content":51919,"nodeType":883},{},[51920,51923,51931],{"data":51921,"marks":51922,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":51924,"content":51925,"nodeType":878},{"uri":51820},[51926],{"data":51927,"marks":51928,"value":51930,"nodeType":867},{},[51929],{"type":876},"According to researchers",{"data":51932,"marks":51933,"value":51934,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Scattered Spider have been observed using phishing pages hosted on short-lived domains that included specific keywords such as “okta,” “sso,” “help,” “hr,” “corp,” “my,” “internal,” “sso,” or “vpn,”, which were quickly operationalized within minutes of registering a domain. After a couple of hours, the domain would often be taken down by the registrar. However, as we’ve discussed in various blog posts, this is to be expected. Domains are highly disposable by nature and attackers plan to get through them in large numbers. They don’t need their phishing pages to live indefinitely — just as long as it takes for someone to be successfully phished.",{"data":51936,"content":51937,"nodeType":883},{},[51938],{"data":51939,"marks":51940,"value":51941,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You would expect these kinds of untrusted links to be flagged by enterprise security tools, but through clever use of obfuscation methods such as using legitimate apps to host the phishing link, using an initially benign link to a document or other source with the malicious link, or avoiding email as the delivery vector altogether, network and email-based controls are being routinely bypassed.  ",{"data":51943,"content":51946,"nodeType":892},{"target":51944},{"sys":51945},{"id":47506,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":51948,"content":51949,"nodeType":921},{},[51950],{"data":51951,"marks":51952,"value":51954,"nodeType":867},{},[51953],{"type":910},"Using custom subdomains that allow public registrations",{"data":51956,"content":51957,"nodeType":883},{},[51958],{"data":51959,"marks":51960,"value":51961,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider have been observed registering their malicious domains on publicly rentable subdomains such as it[.]com. This limits the information that can be gathered about the domain (for example, preventing WHOIS information from being accessed) ",{"data":51963,"content":51964,"nodeType":883},{},[51965],{"data":51966,"marks":51967,"value":51968,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is incredibly deceptive to the user and will fool many people glancing at the link. It doesn’t look as obviously suspicious as the typical .xyz or .biz, and has the feel of a legitimate domain. As these convincing rentable subdomains start to appear online more frequently, it becomes easier for attackers to pick up convincing domain names with fewer obvious deviations from the real one, without needing to resort to special characters or other tactics that might be spotted. ",{"data":51970,"content":51971,"nodeType":883},{},[51972,51976,51984,51988,51996],{"data":51973,"marks":51974,"value":51975,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is strikingly similar ",{"data":51977,"content":51978,"nodeType":878},{"uri":29418},[51979],{"data":51980,"marks":51981,"value":51983,"nodeType":867},{},[51982],{"type":876},"to an attack we investigated recently",{"data":51985,"marks":51986,"value":51987,"nodeType":867},{},[],", where an attacker was using the us[.]com domain to impersonate Onfido, the digital identity platform. These malicious links were actually distributed via malicious advertising on Google, which is an increasingly popular tactic ",{"data":51989,"content":51990,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3439},[51991],{"data":51992,"marks":51993,"value":51995,"nodeType":867},{},[51994],{"type":876},"to evade email and network detection controls",{"data":51997,"marks":51998,"value":51999,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for phishing links and pages. ",{"data":52001,"content":52005,"nodeType":892},{"target":52002},{"sys":52003},{"id":52004,"type":889,"linkType":890},"34ZpjuFhaSMC6MtjThQsnK",[],{"data":52007,"content":52008,"nodeType":883},{},[52009],{"data":52010,"marks":52011,"value":52012,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This comparison is also interesting when you consider…",{"data":52014,"content":52015,"nodeType":921},{},[52016],{"data":52017,"marks":52018,"value":52020,"nodeType":867},{},[52019],{"type":910},"Using commercial AiTM toolkits like Evilginx to bypass MFA and evade detection",{"data":52022,"content":52023,"nodeType":883},{},[52024],{"data":52025,"marks":52026,"value":52027,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider have been observed frequently using Evilginx as their phishing kit of choice. Evilginx is a great choice for attackers looking to target non-standard web apps because it is capable of emulating a range of domains — it’s designed to be flexible and work for any page without generating a load of custom JavaScript that might stand out to security tools/analysts. See an example of Evilginx being used to phish a user below.",{"data":52029,"content":52033,"nodeType":892},{"target":52030},{"sys":52031},{"id":52032,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7IuP0mcRZJkL8YGNoZo5Dj",[],{"data":52035,"content":52036,"nodeType":883},{},[52037,52041,52050,52054,52061],{"data":52038,"marks":52039,"value":52040,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By default, Evilginx redirects any site visitor not following the correct url path or supplying the correct parameters to the YouTube video for Rick Astley’s “Never Gonna Give You Up” (aka “Rickrolling”). This behavior has been observed on Scattered Spider phishing sites. Interestingly, we also observed this in the Onfido malvertising example above, ",{"data":52042,"content":52044,"nodeType":878},{"uri":52043},"https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7323102794813505536?commentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Acomment%3A%28activity%3A7323102794813505536%2C7323308731813814272%29&dashCommentUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afsd_comment%3A%287323308731813814272%2Curn%3Ali%3Aactivity%3A7323102794813505536%29",[52045],{"data":52046,"marks":52047,"value":52049,"nodeType":867},{},[52048],{"type":876},"while members of the infosec community",{"data":52051,"marks":52052,"value":52053,"nodeType":867},{},[]," are increasingly seeing phishing attacks with this behavior. (This example also features use of ",{"data":52055,"content":52056,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36881},[52057],{"data":52058,"marks":52059,"value":19145,"nodeType":867},{},[52060],{"type":876},{"data":52062,"marks":52063,"value":52064,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to prevent analysis of the malicious link by hiding it behind a legit Microsoft app consent page, another detection evasion tactic). ",{"data":52066,"content":52067,"nodeType":921},{},[52068],{"data":52069,"marks":52070,"value":52072,"nodeType":867},{},[52071],{"type":910},"Pre-populating victim information using targeted phishing links",{"data":52074,"content":52075,"nodeType":883},{},[52076,52080,52089],{"data":52077,"marks":52078,"value":52079,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A general trend that we’re seeing in the wild, also utilized by Scattered Spider, is phishing attacks becoming increasingly targeted. This includes using redirects to legitimate apps unless specific parameters are supplied, ",{"data":52081,"content":52083,"nodeType":878},{"uri":52082},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/phishing-kits-now-vet-victims-in-real-time-before-stealing-credentials/",[52084],{"data":52085,"marks":52086,"value":52088,"nodeType":867},{},[52087],{"type":876},"only loading malicious content for specific usernames",{"data":52090,"marks":52091,"value":52092,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (and redirecting to benign sites otherwise) implementing the use of one-time phishing links (essentially magic links that work once for the victim, preventing security teams or tools from accessing the page to analyse it later), and pre-populating the victim information on the page to make it feel more genuine (you would expect a website you have visited and logged into before to pre-populate some of your details, like your username/email). ",{"data":52094,"content":52095,"nodeType":883},{},[52096],{"data":52097,"marks":52098,"value":52099,"nodeType":867},{},[],"See an example of this (along with a few of the detection evasion techniques we've mentioned) below. ",{"data":52101,"content":52105,"nodeType":892},{"target":52102},{"sys":52103},{"id":52104,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1zn1G6CutY0HBkXHUIo159",[],{"data":52107,"content":52108,"nodeType":921},{},[52109],{"data":52110,"marks":52111,"value":52113,"nodeType":867},{},[52112],{"type":910},"Varying login pages to evade cloned page detections",{"data":52115,"content":52116,"nodeType":883},{},[52117,52121,52129],{"data":52118,"marks":52119,"value":52120,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers are routinely using a ",{"data":52122,"content":52123,"nodeType":878},{"uri":46918},[52124],{"data":52125,"marks":52126,"value":52128,"nodeType":867},{},[52127],{"type":876},"combination of visual and DOM-based obfuscation techniques",{"data":52130,"marks":52131,"value":52132,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to create convincing phishing pages that are different enough from the real page being impersonated so that detections based on cloned pages do not fire. ",{"data":52134,"content":52135,"nodeType":883},{},[52136],{"data":52137,"marks":52138,"value":52139,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While Okta accounts remain a key target for Scattered Spider, they are using a range of customized landing pages to target Okta accounts for various organizations at URLs like:",{"data":52141,"content":52142,"nodeType":1526},{},[52143,52153,52163,52173,52183,52193],{"data":52144,"content":52145,"nodeType":1505},{},[52146],{"data":52147,"content":52148,"nodeType":883},{},[52149],{"data":52150,"marks":52151,"value":52152,"nodeType":867},{},[],"corp-hubspot[.]com – HubSpot",{"data":52154,"content":52155,"nodeType":1505},{},[52156],{"data":52157,"content":52158,"nodeType":883},{},[52159],{"data":52160,"marks":52161,"value":52162,"nodeType":867},{},[],"morningstar-okta[.]com – Morningstar",{"data":52164,"content":52165,"nodeType":1505},{},[52166],{"data":52167,"content":52168,"nodeType":883},{},[52169],{"data":52170,"marks":52171,"value":52172,"nodeType":867},{},[],"pure-okta[.]com – Pure Storage",{"data":52174,"content":52175,"nodeType":1505},{},[52176],{"data":52177,"content":52178,"nodeType":883},{},[52179],{"data":52180,"marks":52181,"value":52182,"nodeType":867},{},[],"signin-nydig[.]com – New York Digital Investment Group",{"data":52184,"content":52185,"nodeType":1505},{},[52186],{"data":52187,"content":52188,"nodeType":883},{},[52189],{"data":52190,"marks":52191,"value":52192,"nodeType":867},{},[],"sso-instacart[.]com – Instacart",{"data":52194,"content":52195,"nodeType":1505},{},[52196],{"data":52197,"content":52198,"nodeType":883},{},[52199],{"data":52200,"marks":52201,"value":52202,"nodeType":867},{},[],"sts-vodafone[.]com – Vodafone",{"data":52204,"content":52208,"nodeType":892},{"target":52205},{"sys":52206},{"id":52207,"type":889,"linkType":890},"38EyQfvJWcqHukYq8rm8ap",[],{"data":52210,"content":52211,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":52213,"content":52214,"nodeType":912},{},[52215],{"data":52216,"marks":52217,"value":52219,"nodeType":867},{},[52218],{"type":910},"Defend your organization from Scattered Spider",{"data":52221,"content":52222,"nodeType":883},{},[52223],{"data":52224,"marks":52225,"value":52226,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider have proven to be a highly creative and adaptable threat group, using a range of identity-centric TTPs and evolving (or rather, adding to) their repertoire over time. ",{"data":52228,"content":52229,"nodeType":883},{},[52230],{"data":52231,"marks":52232,"value":52233,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Although Scattered Spider have a number of telltale actions and behaviors, like targeting and leveraging SaaS services, utilizing AiTM phishing kits like Evilginx to target IdP accounts like Okta, and deploying ransomware to cloud servers, they are able to flex their approach to take down their targets. ",{"data":52235,"content":52236,"nodeType":883},{},[52237,52241,52250,52254,52262],{"data":52238,"marks":52239,"value":52240,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider’s behavior demonstrates that they are extremely ",{"data":52242,"content":52244,"nodeType":878},{"uri":52243},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/resources/crowdcasts/cloud-threat-summit/",[52245],{"data":52246,"marks":52247,"value":52249,"nodeType":867},{},[52248],{"type":876},"cloud-conscious",{"data":52251,"marks":52252,"value":52253,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (as many modern threat actors are) and are leveraging modern TTPs designed to evade traditional security controls and exploit blind-spots in enterprise security visibility. For example, by constantly rotating their phishing domains and pages, Scattered Spider (and many threat actors like them) are routinely evading common phishing detection controls, taking advantage of the limitations of ",{"data":52255,"content":52256,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3439},[52257],{"data":52258,"marks":52259,"value":52261,"nodeType":867},{},[52260],{"type":876},"blocklist-driven approaches to phishing detection",{"data":52263,"marks":52264,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":52266,"content":52267,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":52269,"content":52270,"nodeType":912},{},[52271],{"data":52272,"marks":52273,"value":52275,"nodeType":867},{},[52274],{"type":910},"Aligning Push Security’s capabilities against Scattered Spider’s TTPs",{"data":52277,"content":52278,"nodeType":883},{},[52279],{"data":52280,"marks":52281,"value":52283,"nodeType":867},{},[52282],{"type":910},"Push provides a multi-layered set of detections and controls for defending against the TTPs known to be used by Scattered Spider. ",{"data":52285,"content":52289,"nodeType":892},{"target":52286},{"sys":52287},{"id":52288,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6aB3mLLXZIhrlyuCx2hOzY",[],{"data":52291,"content":52292,"nodeType":921},{},[52293],{"data":52294,"marks":52295,"value":52296,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect and block AiTM phishing toolkits",{"data":52298,"content":52299,"nodeType":883},{},[52300],{"data":52301,"marks":52302,"value":52304,"nodeType":867},{},[52303],{"type":910},"The Push browser agent will detect when employees visit websites running MFA-bypassing phishing toolkits such as Evilginx. ",{"data":52306,"content":52310,"nodeType":892},{"target":52307},{"sys":52308},{"id":52309,"type":889,"linkType":890},"I19TQYItDFlaOgisrST6P",[],{"data":52312,"content":52313,"nodeType":883},{},[52314],{"data":52315,"marks":52316,"value":52317,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Push browser agent analyzes the behavioral attributes of phishing tools, e.g. “something the toolkit does” vs. just a static signature like a URL path or domain.",{"data":52319,"content":52320,"nodeType":883},{},[52321],{"data":52322,"marks":52323,"value":52324,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Based on your configuration, Push can then warn or block employees from accessing those phishing sites using a customisable blocking page or banner.",{"data":52326,"content":52329,"nodeType":892},{"target":52327},{"sys":52328},{"id":47460,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":52331,"content":52332,"nodeType":921},{},[52333],{"data":52334,"marks":52335,"value":52336,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect cloned login pages",{"data":52338,"content":52339,"nodeType":883},{},[52340],{"data":52341,"marks":52342,"value":52344,"nodeType":867},{},[52343],{"type":910},"The Push browser agent will detect when employees visit websites using cloned login screens to steal credentials - i.e. a cloned Okta login page.",{"data":52346,"content":52347,"nodeType":883},{},[52348],{"data":52349,"marks":52350,"value":52351,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push does this by fingerprinting the page structure and resources of your legitimate login pages and monitoring for pages that are very similar.",{"data":52353,"content":52354,"nodeType":883},{},[52355],{"data":52356,"marks":52357,"value":52358,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push will then emit a webhook event when it detects that an employee has visited a page that appears to be a clone of a legitimate login page.",{"data":52360,"content":52361,"nodeType":921},{},[52362],{"data":52363,"marks":52364,"value":52365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pin your sensitive passwords to specific sites",{"data":52367,"content":52368,"nodeType":883},{},[52369,52374,52380],{"data":52370,"marks":52371,"value":52373,"nodeType":867},{},[52372],{"type":910},"The Push browser agent will detect when employees attempt to enter their IdP password (such as Okta) into webpages that ",{"data":52375,"marks":52376,"value":52379,"nodeType":867},{},[52377,52378],{"type":876},{"type":910},"do not",{"data":52381,"marks":52382,"value":52384,"nodeType":867},{},[52383],{"type":910}," belong to that IdP.",{"data":52386,"content":52387,"nodeType":883},{},[52388,52392,52401],{"data":52389,"marks":52390,"value":52391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When observing logins, the Push browser agent generates a salted partial hash of the user’s password, known as a fingerprint. This fingerprint is then stored locally in the browser to allow Push to perform password comparisons. You can read more about how the extension securely observes passwords in this ",{"data":52393,"content":52395,"nodeType":878},{"uri":52394},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10065/#start",[52396],{"data":52397,"marks":52398,"value":52400,"nodeType":867},{},[52399],{"type":876},"help article",{"data":52402,"marks":52403,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":52405,"content":52406,"nodeType":883},{},[52407],{"data":52408,"marks":52409,"value":52410,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To detect phishing attempts against Okta (and other identity providers), the Push browser agent compares the observed Okta password fingerprint to the known Okta fingerprint that already exists in local storage.",{"data":52412,"content":52413,"nodeType":883},{},[52414],{"data":52415,"marks":52416,"value":52417,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If an employee has entered their valid Okta password on a webpage that does not belong to Okta — i.e. a phishing page — Push will enforce the SSO password protection settings set by an administrator (block or warn). This serves as a second layer of defense when used in conjunction with AiTM and cloned login page detections. ",{"data":52419,"content":52423,"nodeType":892},{"target":52420},{"sys":52421},{"id":52422,"type":889,"linkType":890},"20FIoIyuQYxep3V4SFWdoK",[],{"data":52425,"content":52426,"nodeType":921},{},[52427],{"data":52428,"marks":52429,"value":52430,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect compromised sessions",{"data":52432,"content":52433,"nodeType":883},{},[52434],{"data":52435,"marks":52436,"value":52438,"nodeType":867},{},[52437],{"type":910},"By correlating Push telemetry with Okta logs, Push can detect compromised Okta sessions originating from outside employees’ supported browsers. ",{"data":52440,"content":52441,"nodeType":883},{},[52442],{"data":52443,"marks":52444,"value":52445,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using the Push browser agent, you can inject a unique marker into the User Agent string of Okta sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push.",{"data":52447,"content":52448,"nodeType":883},{},[52449],{"data":52450,"marks":52451,"value":52452,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By then comparing against Okta logs, you can identify sessions that both have the Push marker and those that lack the marker, the latter indicating the session is being used from a machine without the Push extension and therefore the session token may have been stolen.",{"data":52454,"content":52458,"nodeType":892},{"target":52455},{"sys":52456},{"id":52457,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1XNNkaoW64t3PPvC54KGXF",[],{"data":52460,"content":52461,"nodeType":921},{},[52462],{"data":52463,"marks":52464,"value":52465,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect when employee credentials are stolen",{"data":52467,"content":52468,"nodeType":883},{},[52469],{"data":52470,"marks":52471,"value":52473,"nodeType":867},{},[52472],{"type":910},"Push will detect when valid credentials appear for sale on criminal forums. ",{"data":52475,"content":52476,"nodeType":883},{},[52477],{"data":52478,"marks":52479,"value":52480,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Push platform detects valid, stolen credentials on criminal forums by ingesting threat intelligence data and then verifying which credentials flagged by TI sources are still being used by employees.",{"data":52482,"content":52483,"nodeType":883},{},[52484],{"data":52485,"marks":52486,"value":52487,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When suspected stolen credentials for the corporate domain are present, Push hashes and salts the passwords and then sends those fingerprints to the relevant browser agents for comparison. 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browser",{"data":53348,"content":53349,"nodeType":883},{},[53350,53354,53362],{"data":53351,"marks":53352,"value":53353,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The best attack detection methods are those that focus on ",{"data":53355,"content":53356,"nodeType":878},{"uri":3370},[53357],{"data":53358,"marks":53359,"value":53361,"nodeType":867},{},[53360],{"type":876},"detecting indicators that are difficult for attackers to change or obfuscate",{"data":53363,"marks":53364,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":53366,"content":53367,"nodeType":883},{},[53368,53372,53377],{"data":53369,"marks":53370,"value":53371,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For a credential phishing attack to succeed, the victim ",{"data":53373,"marks":53374,"value":53376,"nodeType":867},{},[53375],{"type":876},"has",{"data":53378,"marks":53379,"value":53380,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to enter their password into a webpage. There’s no two-ways about it, attackers cannot change this. ",{"data":53382,"content":53383,"nodeType":883},{},[53384],{"data":53385,"marks":53386,"value":53387,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So it stands to reason that, if you can detect this user behavior, and block them from entering their password, then you can stop phishing. ",{"data":53389,"content":53390,"nodeType":883},{},[53391],{"data":53392,"marks":53393,"value":53394,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is exactly what Push does.",{"data":53396,"content":53397,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":53399,"content":53400,"nodeType":921},{},[53401],{"data":53402,"marks":53403,"value":53404,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most anti-phishing tools are easily bypassed",{"data":53406,"content":53407,"nodeType":883},{},[53408],{"data":53409,"marks":53410,"value":53411,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Other anti-phishing tools rely on detecting elements of the attack that attackers can change and hide, such as domains or the webpage contents. 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We pin the password to its legitimate domain(s) and then don’t allow it to be entered into any webpage on any other domain. ",{"data":53496,"content":53497,"nodeType":883},{},[53498],{"data":53499,"marks":53500,"value":53501,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But just because you’ve stopped your users from being phished doesn’t mean you don’t want to know when attackers are attempting to phish your users and how. ",{"data":53503,"content":53504,"nodeType":883},{},[53505],{"data":53506,"marks":53507,"value":53508,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push still inspects webpages to see if attackers are rendering cloned app login pages in the browser or if known AitM and BitM toolkits are being used. This way you don’t lose visibility of the unsuccessful attacks that are targeting your users. 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They email one of your employees a link to it. Your SWG / email scanning solution inspects it in a sandbox but the phish kit detects this and redirects to a benign site so that it passes the inspection. ",{"data":53547,"content":53548,"nodeType":883},{},[53549],{"data":53550,"marks":53551,"value":53552,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Your user gets the email with the link and is now free to interact with the phishing page. They enter their credentials plus MFA code into the page and voila! The attacker steals them and is able to compromise the user’s account.  ",{"data":53554,"content":53555,"nodeType":921},{},[53556,53560,53566],{"data":53557,"marks":53558,"value":53559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scenario 2: An attacker attempts to phish an employee that ",{"data":53561,"marks":53562,"value":53565,"nodeType":867},{},[53563,53564],{"type":876},{"type":910},"does",{"data":53567,"marks":53568,"value":53569,"nodeType":867},{},[]," have Push deployed to their browser. ",{"data":53571,"content":53575,"nodeType":892},{"target":53572},{"sys":53573},{"id":53574,"type":889,"linkType":890},"77smnID1woCfFJrJPyTvKY",[],{"data":53577,"content":53578,"nodeType":883},{},[53579],{"data":53580,"marks":53581,"value":53582,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This time, the attacker uses the same phishing toolkit and domain from the first example. But in reality, they don’t have to send it to your employee using email, instead, they could use LinkedIn messenger, Slack, Teams, or any application that allows employees to communicate with each other. ",{"data":53584,"content":53585,"nodeType":883},{},[53586],{"data":53587,"marks":53588,"value":53589,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Like before, the user receives the link, opens it and starts to enter their credentials into the webpage. This time though, the Push browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page.",{"data":53591,"content":53592,"nodeType":883},{},[53593],{"data":53594,"marks":53595,"value":53596,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first detection Push makes is checking that the password the user is entering matches the domain that password is pinned to. Since it doesn't match, based on this detection alone the user is automatically redirected to a blocking page. 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was one of the first techniques we added to the ",{"data":54262,"content":54264,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54263},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks?tab=readme-ov-file",[54265],{"data":54266,"marks":54267,"value":39275,"nodeType":867},{},[54268],{"type":876},{"data":54270,"marks":54271,"value":54272,"nodeType":867},{},[],", where attackers trick users into authorizing malicious OAuth apps. ",{"data":54274,"content":54275,"nodeType":883},{},[54276,54280,54289],{"data":54277,"marks":54278,"value":54279,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker sends a phishing link to a target that requests permissions to access sensitive data or permissions to perform dangerous actions for an app the victim is using. If the target grants consent for the permissions, the adversary gains that level of access over the target’s account — and certain data and functionality ",{"data":54281,"content":54283,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54282},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-risky-terrain-of-oauth-scopes-in-third-party/",[54284],{"data":54285,"marks":54286,"value":54288,"nodeType":867},{},[54287],{"type":876},"depending on the scopes granted",{"data":54290,"marks":54291,"value":54292,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This attack bypasses MFA entirely (including phishing-resistant MFA) by sidestepping the login process — think of it as an authorization attack, as opposed to an authentication one. Naturally, this means it also persists through typical authentication changes like a password reset. ",{"data":54294,"content":54295,"nodeType":883},{},[54296],{"data":54297,"marks":54298,"value":54299,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Consent phishing has been primarily aimed at getting access to larger cloud platforms like Microsoft Azure or Google Workspace tenants, or more complex apps like GitHub. These apps present an obvious opportunity to attackers in terms of the functionality and and data they contain.  ",{"data":54301,"content":54302,"nodeType":883},{},[54303],{"data":54304,"marks":54305,"value":54306,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Two separate cases of consent phishing have hit the headlines this month representing very different use cases — let’s compare them. ",{"data":54308,"content":54309,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":54311,"content":54312,"nodeType":912},{},[54313],{"data":54314,"marks":54315,"value":54317,"nodeType":867},{},[54316],{"type":910},"1. 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Even if the target gets an email notification, the phish isn’t delivered via email directly, and so email-based scanning solutions won’t detect it — they’ll receive a legitimate notification email directly from GitHub. It’s also less likely to raise suspicion as GitHub issue notifications are expected, increasing the click chance. ",{"data":54371,"content":54375,"nodeType":892},{"target":54372},{"sys":54373},{"id":54374,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6d6MMyPQ7vaY2KrJTHGeO6",[],{"data":54377,"content":54378,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":54380,"content":54381,"nodeType":912},{},[54382],{"data":54383,"marks":54384,"value":54386,"nodeType":867},{},[54385],{"type":910},"2. Not really consent phishing?",{"data":54388,"content":54389,"nodeType":883},{},[54390],{"data":54391,"marks":54392,"value":54393,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This example is much more unusual. In this case, the attacker used malicious Microsoft OAuth apps impersonating Adobe and DocuSign. ",{"data":54395,"content":54396,"nodeType":883},{},[54397],{"data":54398,"marks":54399,"value":54400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Rather than trying to grab lots of juicy permissions for Microsoft, the attacker used consent phishing to prevent automated analysis of their phishing page by security tools. To be served the real phishing page, you need to first authorize the fake OAuth app — meaning that security tools and bots won’t be able to reach the page to determine if it’s malicious or not. ",{"data":54402,"content":54403,"nodeType":883},{},[54404],{"data":54405,"marks":54406,"value":54407,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attack started with attackers sending phishing emails to target users with a fake password reset lure. ",{"data":54409,"content":54413,"nodeType":892},{"target":54410},{"sys":54411},{"id":54412,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3cLd6EbraN9fKuGgL0kkgC",[],{"data":54415,"content":54416,"nodeType":883},{},[54417],{"data":54418,"marks":54419,"value":54420,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because the initial phishing link directs to the legitimate login.microsoftonline.com URL, it appears legitimate and bypasses common domain-based security checks. 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As well as making the page look more credible (since its fronted by a legit service to block bots) this is a common detection evasion technique we’ve ",{"data":54449,"content":54451,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54450},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection/",[54452],{"data":54453,"marks":54454,"value":54456,"nodeType":867},{},[54455],{"type":876},"blogged about previously",{"data":54458,"marks":54459,"value":54460,"nodeType":867},{},[]," which prevents security solutions from accessing and analysing the malicious page. ",{"data":54462,"content":54466,"nodeType":892},{"target":54463},{"sys":54464},{"id":54465,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7csybR6fJlCWsRy91CbNYL",[],{"data":54468,"content":54469,"nodeType":883},{},[54470],{"data":54471,"marks":54472,"value":54473,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After completing the verification, the page (and the malicious phishing kit element) is finally loaded. If the victim authenticates, the session will be stolen by the attacker, along with the captured credentials and MFA code. ",{"data":54475,"content":54476,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":54478,"content":54479,"nodeType":912},{},[54480],{"data":54481,"marks":54482,"value":54484,"nodeType":867},{},[54483],{"type":910},"Using consent phishing to evade detection",{"data":54486,"content":54487,"nodeType":883},{},[54488],{"data":54489,"marks":54490,"value":54491,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker is essentially using their fake OAuth app to prevent security analysts and bots from analysing the real phishing page, because the first page loaded is a link to a legitimate Microsoft domain. They’re also layering it with a range of other detection evasion techniques like using Cloudflare Turnstile.  ",{"data":54493,"content":54497,"nodeType":892},{"target":54494},{"sys":54495},{"id":54496,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4Bi9YoMwWVmKoWfkh5tiTA",[],{"data":54499,"content":54500,"nodeType":883},{},[54501],{"data":54502,"marks":54503,"value":54504,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve previously blogged about how attackers are using layered detection evasion techniques to circumvent typical phishing page detections, which are often email-based, including:",{"data":54506,"content":54507,"nodeType":1526},{},[54508,54529],{"data":54509,"content":54510,"nodeType":1505},{},[54511],{"data":54512,"content":54513,"nodeType":883},{},[54514,54517,54525],{"data":54515,"marks":54516,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":54518,"content":54519,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54450},[54520],{"data":54521,"marks":54522,"value":54524,"nodeType":867},{},[54523],{"type":876},"Prevent analysis of phishing pages",{"data":54526,"marks":54527,"value":54528,"nodeType":867},{},[]," by security bots, including using legitimate services like Cloudflare Workers and Turnstile (as above), CAPTCHA, and various sandbox-aware techniques to ensure only the intended victim is served the phishing page, such as only providing the correct parameters to load the page if the correct path is followed (rather than attempting to load the malicious page by going directly to the domain). ",{"data":54530,"content":54531,"nodeType":1505},{},[54532],{"data":54533,"content":54534,"nodeType":883},{},[54535,54538,54546],{"data":54536,"marks":54537,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":54539,"content":54540,"nodeType":878},{"uri":46918},[54541],{"data":54542,"marks":54543,"value":54545,"nodeType":867},{},[54544],{"type":876},"DOM and visual obfuscation",{"data":54547,"marks":54548,"value":54549,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of phishing pages when the victim does land on the page to prevent it from being identified as malicious through signature-based detection of page elements. ",{"data":54551,"content":54555,"nodeType":892},{"target":54552},{"sys":54553},{"id":54554,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2dN8np5odBecf7r1vBr69K",[],{"data":54557,"content":54558,"nodeType":883},{},[54559],{"data":54560,"marks":54561,"value":54562,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This seems a bit overkill and many of the steps here are likely to raise suspicion — like the fact that you’re never asked to provide the original code for the password reset, and are asked to unexpectedly consent to an OAuth app. But clearly, the attacker is more concerned about bypassing technical safeguards than human ones (not a great endorsement for the state of phishing awareness training). ",{"data":54564,"content":54565,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":54567,"content":54568,"nodeType":912},{},[54569],{"data":54570,"marks":54571,"value":54573,"nodeType":867},{},[54572],{"type":910},"How Push detects and blocks phishing attacks",{"data":54575,"content":54576,"nodeType":883},{},[54577],{"data":54578,"marks":54579,"value":54580,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push overcomes the various detection evasion techniques shown here by using in-browser detections based on the phishing page that the user sees. This means that no matter where the user accesses the link from (email, IM platform, social media, or anywhere else on the internet) Push can observe and analyse the page to determine if it's malicious. ",{"data":54582,"content":54583,"nodeType":883},{},[54584],{"data":54585,"marks":54586,"value":54587,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push uses layered detections based on identifying the phishing kit running on the page itself, whether the page is cloned from a legitimate login page, as well as detecting whether the credentials being entered on the page have been used to log into your SSO account previously. ",{"data":54589,"content":54593,"nodeType":892},{"target":54590},{"sys":54591},{"id":54592,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6B1toQAf44rDzQZijYRd9g",[],{"data":54595,"content":54598,"nodeType":892},{"target":54596},{"sys":54597},{"id":47460,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":54600,"content":54604,"nodeType":892},{"target":54601},{"sys":54602},{"id":54603,"type":889,"linkType":890},"01musWa3FUiO0CVFNWfwcy",[],{"data":54606,"content":54607,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":54609,"content":54610,"nodeType":912},{},[54611],{"data":54612,"marks":54613,"value":54615,"nodeType":867},{},[54614],{"type":910},"Using Push to review OAuth integrations",{"data":54617,"content":54618,"nodeType":883},{},[54619],{"data":54620,"marks":54621,"value":54622,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can also use Push to discover and remove risky OAuth integrations accepted by your users. ",{"data":54624,"content":54628,"nodeType":892},{"target":54625},{"sys":54626},{"id":54627,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5kJvy5SBcWLrK2EhLyR1ZD",[],{"data":54630,"content":54631,"nodeType":883},{},[54632],{"data":54633,"marks":54634,"value":54635,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This shows which OAuth apps have been added, which apps they are integrated with, what permissions they’ve been granted, as well as other properties that indicate risk (e.g. whether the app’s publisher has been verified). ",{"data":54637,"content":54638,"nodeType":883},{},[54639],{"data":54640,"marks":54641,"value":54642,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If your users are consent phished, you’ll be notified via webhook event that a new integration has been added. 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I’m not sure how much longer I can keep this up …”",{"data":58693,"content":58694,"nodeType":883},{},[58695],{"data":58696,"marks":58697,"value":58698,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Somber nodding all around. Hugs. A few chocolate-chip cookies on paper napkins.",{"data":58700,"content":58704,"nodeType":892},{"target":58701},{"sys":58702},{"id":58703,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4Wt29DxSSczFt5THWkuIiS",[],{"data":58706,"content":58707,"nodeType":883},{},[58708],{"data":58709,"marks":58710,"value":58711,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a no-judgment zone here at Push Security. So let’s take a look at why we’re still stuck with passwords, how attackers are increasingly exploiting weak credentials to infiltrate organizations, and how Push can help you get visibility and control of all your workforce identities.",{"data":58713,"content":58714,"nodeType":883},{},[58715,58719,58723],{"data":58716,"marks":58717,"value":58718,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll also cover how you can use Push’s latest feature, ",{"data":58720,"marks":58721,"value":14356,"nodeType":867},{},[58722],{"type":910},{"data":58724,"marks":58725,"value":58726,"nodeType":867},{},[],", to require that employees use strong, unique passwords. Push automatically detects when employees have weak, reused, or stolen passwords and then guides them to update their password using in-browser messaging — even on apps that don’t natively support administrative control of password posture.",{"data":58728,"content":58729,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":58731,"content":58732,"nodeType":912},{},[58733],{"data":58734,"marks":58735,"value":58736,"nodeType":867},{},[],"3 reasons why we’re still stuck with passwords",{"data":58738,"content":58739,"nodeType":883},{},[58740],{"data":58741,"marks":58742,"value":58743,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At the risk of preaching to the choir, let’s review why we’re still stuck with passwords. ",{"data":58745,"content":58746,"nodeType":883},{},[58747],{"data":58748,"marks":58749,"value":58750,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s worth stating the Push perspective up front: We’re not here to push the narrative that you must completely get rid of passwords. To begin with, it’s not easy to get rid of them. Like the imaginary scene from the passwordless support group, we’ve lived the reality of this.",{"data":58752,"content":58753,"nodeType":883},{},[58754],{"data":58755,"marks":58756,"value":58757,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What we observe across our install base for the Push browser agent reinforces this reality. For the last 1 million or so logins that Push recorded, more than a quarter (26%) were password logins.",{"data":58759,"content":58760,"nodeType":3914},{},[58761],{"data":58762,"content":58763,"nodeType":883},{},[58764],{"data":58765,"marks":58766,"value":58767,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For the last 1M+ logins that the Push browser agent observed, more than a quarter were password logins.",{"data":58769,"content":58770,"nodeType":883},{},[58771],{"data":58772,"marks":58773,"value":58774,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Of those password logins, 18% had a security issue with the password — reused, easily guessable, already leaked in a public breach list, or actively for sale in criminal forums.",{"data":58776,"content":58777,"nodeType":883},{},[58778],{"data":58779,"marks":58780,"value":58781,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Yet when strong, unique passwords are used in conjunction with MFA, they can provide a powerful line of defense. Indeed, in cases where onboarding an app to SSO isn’t possible (for reasons we’ll cover below), a strong, unique password plus MFA is the most pragmatic solution you can achieve.",{"data":58783,"content":58784,"nodeType":883},{},[58785],{"data":58786,"marks":58787,"value":58788,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s why bad passwords persist, and why it matters.",{"data":58790,"content":58791,"nodeType":921},{},[58792],{"data":58793,"marks":58794,"value":58796,"nodeType":867},{},[58795],{"type":910},"Systemic reasons",{"data":58798,"content":58799,"nodeType":883},{},[58800],{"data":58801,"marks":58802,"value":58803,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If we zoom out, there are several systemic reasons that contribute to the persistence of password security issues:",{"data":58805,"content":58806,"nodeType":1526},{},[58807,58834,58860],{"data":58808,"content":58809,"nodeType":1505},{},[58810],{"data":58811,"content":58812,"nodeType":883},{},[58813,58818,58822,58830],{"data":58814,"marks":58815,"value":58817,"nodeType":867},{},[58816],{"type":910},"Self-adoption of work apps",{"data":58819,"marks":58820,"value":58821,"nodeType":867},{},[]," makes it extremely difficult to know all the workforce identities that exist across your environment, let alone whether they’re using a secure authentication method, or the strength or uniqueness of their password. Push’s ",{"data":58823,"content":58824,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[58825],{"data":58826,"marks":58827,"value":58829,"nodeType":867},{},[58828],{"type":876},"own research",{"data":58831,"marks":58832,"value":58833,"nodeType":867},{},[]," shows that for an average organization, each employee has 15 identities.",{"data":58835,"content":58836,"nodeType":1505},{},[58837],{"data":58838,"content":58839,"nodeType":883},{},[58840,58845,58849,58856],{"data":58841,"marks":58842,"value":58844,"nodeType":867},{},[58843],{"type":910},"Apps optimize signups for low friction, not security.",{"data":58846,"marks":58847,"value":58848,"nodeType":867},{},[]," That often results in multiple authentication methods tied to any given account because local password accounts can still persist even after SSO onboarding — a phenomenon that we call ",{"data":58850,"content":58851,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[58852],{"data":58853,"marks":58854,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[58855],{"type":876},{"data":58857,"marks":58858,"value":58859,"nodeType":867},{},[]," because they provide attackers with a way around a company’s enterprise SSO solution. These local accounts represent a significant risk, and most are invisible. Which brings us to …",{"data":58861,"content":58862,"nodeType":1505},{},[58863],{"data":58864,"content":58865,"nodeType":883},{},[58866,58871],{"data":58867,"marks":58868,"value":58870,"nodeType":867},{},[58869],{"type":910},"Many apps provide very little information to admins about the posture of accounts",{"data":58872,"marks":58873,"value":58874,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on that service, and even fewer offer management options to address security issues on those accounts. Some services provide no information at all about which accounts can even access a given tenant.",{"data":58876,"content":58877,"nodeType":883},{},[58878,58883],{"data":58879,"marks":58880,"value":58882,"nodeType":867},{},[58881],{"type":910},"The impact: ",{"data":58884,"marks":58885,"value":58886,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These systemic factors contribute to what we see many organizations grappling with: Known visibility gaps in their workforce identities, which are scattered across many more third-party apps than they imagine, and unknown account security risks for both managed and unmanaged apps.",{"data":58888,"content":58889,"nodeType":883},{},[58890],{"data":58891,"marks":58892,"value":58893,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These gaps open up a large attack surface for organizations. The 2024 Verizon DBIR found that 79% of web application compromises were the result of breached creds, and researchers at IBM reported last year that they observed a 71% year-over-year increase in cyberattacks using stolen or compromised credentials.",{"data":58895,"content":58896,"nodeType":921},{},[58897],{"data":58898,"marks":58899,"value":58901,"nodeType":867},{},[58900],{"type":910},"Technical reasons",{"data":58903,"content":58904,"nodeType":883},{},[58905],{"data":58906,"marks":58907,"value":58908,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are also several technical reasons why bad passwords persist:",{"data":58910,"content":58911,"nodeType":1526},{},[58912,58939],{"data":58913,"content":58914,"nodeType":1505},{},[58915],{"data":58916,"content":58917,"nodeType":883},{},[58918,58921,58931,58935],{"data":58919,"marks":58920,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":58922,"content":58924,"nodeType":878},{"uri":58923},"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/passkeys-not-perfect-getting-better",[58925],{"data":58926,"marks":58927,"value":58930,"nodeType":867},{},[58928,58929],{"type":876},{"type":910},"Going passwordless is hard",{"data":58932,"marks":58933,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[58934],{"type":910},{"data":58936,"marks":58937,"value":58938,"nodeType":867},{},[],"because it requires a large investment of time, money, and training for end-users. In environments with a mix of older and newer infrastructure, it can be challenging to get complete coverage, and employees may struggle with the transition to device-based authentication (especially when they lose their device and aren’t familiar with how to regain account access).",{"data":58940,"content":58941,"nodeType":1505},{},[58942],{"data":58943,"content":58944,"nodeType":883},{},[58945,58950,58954,58963],{"data":58946,"marks":58947,"value":58949,"nodeType":867},{},[58948],{"type":910},"Many apps do not even provide a SAML option",{"data":58951,"marks":58952,"value":58953,"nodeType":867},{},[],", making it difficult to onboard every business app to SSO even once you know about them all. Last we checked, only about 30% of commonly used work apps supported SAML. Even when apps do provide the option, many charge the infamous “",{"data":58955,"content":58957,"nodeType":878},{"uri":58956},"https://sso.tax/",[58958],{"data":58959,"marks":58960,"value":58962,"nodeType":867},{},[58961],{"type":876},"SSO tax",{"data":58964,"marks":58965,"value":58966,"nodeType":867},{},[],",” putting the feature behind enterprise plans.",{"data":58968,"content":58969,"nodeType":883},{},[58970,58975],{"data":58971,"marks":58972,"value":58974,"nodeType":867},{},[58973],{"type":910},"The impact:",{"data":58976,"marks":58977,"value":58978,"nodeType":867},{},[]," What ends up happening in many organizations is a patchwork of login methods, including passwords, passkeys, OIDC, and SAML. Looking at data from Push’s install base, we see on average around 15,000 accounts per 1,000 users, with 5,900+ outside of SSO — about 40%. ",{"data":58980,"content":58981,"nodeType":883},{},[58982],{"data":58983,"marks":58984,"value":58985,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That means more — not less — for a security and IT team to manage, often without the visibility or control they need to do so effectively.",{"data":58987,"content":58991,"nodeType":892},{"target":58988},{"sys":58989},{"id":58990,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2QnWVpPYRyJQaQ5TuKSSLp",[],{"data":58993,"content":58994,"nodeType":921},{},[58995],{"data":58996,"marks":58997,"value":58999,"nodeType":867},{},[58998],{"type":910},"Human reasons",{"data":59001,"content":59002,"nodeType":883},{},[59003],{"data":59004,"marks":59005,"value":59006,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, there are a lot of human reasons why poor passwords persist, all of them familiar and intractable:",{"data":59008,"content":59009,"nodeType":1526},{},[59010,59025],{"data":59011,"content":59012,"nodeType":1505},{},[59013],{"data":59014,"content":59015,"nodeType":883},{},[59016,59021],{"data":59017,"marks":59018,"value":59020,"nodeType":867},{},[59019],{"type":910},"Password change fatigue",{"data":59022,"marks":59023,"value":59024,"nodeType":867},{},[],", resulting in weak and reused passwords — often driven by incomplete adoption of enterprise password managers or outdated password security policies that require users to rotate passwords frequently. ",{"data":59026,"content":59027,"nodeType":1505},{},[59028],{"data":59029,"content":59030,"nodeType":883},{},[59031,59036],{"data":59032,"marks":59033,"value":59035,"nodeType":867},{},[59034],{"type":910},"Shortcuts that busy humans take",{"data":59037,"marks":59038,"value":59039,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to get work done on a daily basis, including reusing passwords across personal and corporate accounts, storing passwords insecurely, and using easier-to-remember passwords over secure, complex ones.  ",{"data":59041,"content":59042,"nodeType":883},{},[59043,59047,59051,59059],{"data":59044,"marks":59045,"value":58974,"nodeType":867},{},[59046],{"type":910},{"data":59048,"marks":59049,"value":59050,"nodeType":867},{},[]," When there’s a large, complex, and largely invisible attack surface made up of these online corporate identities, adversaries profit. Just look at any of the ",{"data":59052,"content":59053,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38082},[59054],{"data":59055,"marks":59056,"value":59058,"nodeType":867},{},[59057],{"type":876},"major identity attacks",{"data":59060,"marks":59061,"value":59062,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of the past year, some of which used password-spraying and credential-stuffing techniques to compromise accounts and pivot to high-value systems and data.",{"data":59064,"content":59065,"nodeType":883},{},[59066],{"data":59067,"marks":59068,"value":59069,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Password reuse also extends the blast radius for any account takeover incident when MFA is missing — a gap that occurs more often than you may think. Typically, 37% of logins observed by Push upon initial deployment into a new customer environment do not use any form of MFA.",{"data":59071,"content":59072,"nodeType":3914},{},[59073],{"data":59074,"content":59075,"nodeType":883},{},[59076],{"data":59077,"marks":59078,"value":59079,"nodeType":867},{},[],"2 in 5 logins observed by Push upon initial deployment into a new customer environment do not use any form of MFA.",{"data":59081,"content":59082,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":59084,"content":59085,"nodeType":912},{},[59086],{"data":59087,"marks":59088,"value":59089,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why identity posture matters more in a SaaS-first world",{"data":59091,"content":59092,"nodeType":883},{},[59093,59097,59105],{"data":59094,"marks":59095,"value":59096,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When most work now happens via the browser on web-based applications, the stakes are even higher for preventing account takeover. That’s because the way that attacks occur in a SaaS environment is ",{"data":59098,"content":59099,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38224},[59100],{"data":59101,"marks":59102,"value":59104,"nodeType":867},{},[59103],{"type":876},"very different",{"data":59106,"marks":59107,"value":59108,"nodeType":867},{},[]," from traditional network attacks, and there are few effective ways to detect and respond post-account compromise.",{"data":59110,"content":59111,"nodeType":883},{},[59112],{"data":59113,"marks":59114,"value":59115,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The average SaaS attack path looks like this:",{"data":59117,"content":59118,"nodeType":1526},{},[59119,59129,59139],{"data":59120,"content":59121,"nodeType":1505},{},[59122],{"data":59123,"content":59124,"nodeType":883},{},[59125],{"data":59126,"marks":59127,"value":59128,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers gain control of legitimate employee accounts using stolen credentials or via password-spraying or credential-stuffing techniques.",{"data":59130,"content":59131,"nodeType":1505},{},[59132],{"data":59133,"content":59134,"nodeType":883},{},[59135],{"data":59136,"marks":59137,"value":59138,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers exfiltrate data.",{"data":59140,"content":59141,"nodeType":1505},{},[59142],{"data":59143,"content":59144,"nodeType":883},{},[59145],{"data":59146,"marks":59147,"value":59148,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The end.",{"data":59150,"content":59151,"nodeType":883},{},[59152],{"data":59153,"marks":59154,"value":59155,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Compare that to traditional network or enterprise cloud attacks, which usually involve more complex lateral movement, privilege escalation, and defense evasion.",{"data":59157,"content":59158,"nodeType":883},{},[59159],{"data":59160,"marks":59161,"value":59162,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With limited log data and few response capabilities provided by most SaaS apps, security teams also have few good options to stop the damage of an account takeover once one has occurred. ",{"data":59164,"content":59165,"nodeType":883},{},[59166],{"data":59167,"marks":59168,"value":59169,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s why at Push, we advocate for “shifting left,” and preventing account takeover before it happens.",{"data":59171,"content":59175,"nodeType":892},{"target":59172},{"sys":59173},{"id":59174,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6wIzMu3jBhaas9jtpV48bz",[],{"data":59177,"content":59178,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":59180,"content":59181,"nodeType":912},{},[59182],{"data":59183,"marks":59184,"value":59185,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How Push helps you ensure strong passwords",{"data":59187,"content":59188,"nodeType":883},{},[59189],{"data":59190,"marks":59191,"value":59192,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are four capabilities that security teams need in order to regain control over password security issues across their corporate accounts. Here’s how Push accomplishes each one.",{"data":59194,"content":59195,"nodeType":921},{},[59196],{"data":59197,"marks":59198,"value":59200,"nodeType":867},{},[59199],{"type":910},"1. A reliable inventory of all the apps that employees are using, including work apps and internal apps.",{"data":59202,"content":59203,"nodeType":883},{},[59204],{"data":59205,"marks":59206,"value":59207,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push achieves this by deploying a browser agent to employee browsers that can directly observe their login activity, which feeds the data back into an admin console (or your SIEM/SOAR or other third-party system). You can enforce the installation of the agent using any MDM solution, on all major browsers.",{"data":59209,"content":59210,"nodeType":883},{},[59211],{"data":59212,"marks":59213,"value":59214,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once the agent is activated, it begins immediately capturing employee logins and produces a real-time inventory of all your work and internal apps. Because Push observes the login directly in the browser, it can identify all the apps and accounts being used by your employees — both managed and unmanaged (shadow IT).",{"data":59216,"content":59217,"nodeType":883},{},[59218,59222,59227],{"data":59219,"marks":59220,"value":59221,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can also configure Push to monitor ",{"data":59223,"marks":59224,"value":59226,"nodeType":867},{},[59225],{"type":2278},"any",{"data":59228,"marks":59229,"value":59230,"nodeType":867},{},[]," login to a work app, regardless of the associated email domain of the employee. This means you can monitor personal account logins to apps that are commonly used for work.",{"data":59232,"content":59236,"nodeType":892},{"target":59233},{"sys":59234},{"id":59235,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4ctCB7kBscj12BnfHhk3ro",[],{"data":59238,"content":59239,"nodeType":921},{},[59240],{"data":59241,"marks":59242,"value":59244,"nodeType":867},{},[59243],{"type":910},"2. A way to identify the login methods an account is using, whether that’s SAML, OIDC, or password.",{"data":59246,"content":59247,"nodeType":883},{},[59248],{"data":59249,"marks":59250,"value":59251,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Again, because Push observes the login event, it can analyze the authentication method or methods in use by a given account. Push tells you which SSO accounts still have passwords associated with them, and which authentication methods are being actively used.",{"data":59253,"content":59257,"nodeType":892},{"target":59254},{"sys":59255},{"id":59256,"type":889,"linkType":890},"pVD238hZ331gjWalDTM1q",[],{"data":59259,"content":59260,"nodeType":921},{},[59261],{"data":59262,"marks":59263,"value":59265,"nodeType":867},{},[59264],{"type":910},"3. A method for analyzing whether an employee is using secure passwords on all their accounts.",{"data":59267,"content":59268,"nodeType":883},{},[59269,59273,59282],{"data":59270,"marks":59271,"value":59272,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using Push, you can also check the posture of all your employee accounts. The browser agent accomplishes this by ",{"data":59274,"content":59276,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59275},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10065#start",[59277],{"data":59278,"marks":59279,"value":59281,"nodeType":867},{},[59280],{"type":876},"creating a salted hash",{"data":59283,"marks":59284,"value":59285,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of a user’s observed password and then taking the first 8 characters of that hash to store locally in the browser.",{"data":59287,"content":59288,"nodeType":883},{},[59289],{"data":59290,"marks":59291,"value":59292,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This allows Push to analyze whether the password is weak (comparing the hash to a list of 10,000 common basewords and common permutations); or reused across accounts.",{"data":59294,"content":59295,"nodeType":883},{},[59296,59300,59309,59313,59322],{"data":59297,"marks":59298,"value":59299,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push can also identify when employee passwords have ",{"data":59301,"content":59303,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59302},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10066#start",[59304],{"data":59305,"marks":59306,"value":59308,"nodeType":867},{},[59307],{"type":876},"appeared in a public breach list",{"data":59310,"marks":59311,"value":59312,"nodeType":867},{},[]," using the Have I Been Pwned service, using a k-anonymized hash. Using similar secure methods, Push can detect when employees are sharing account credentials, whether they’re using a ",{"data":59314,"content":59316,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59315},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10085/#start",[59317],{"data":59318,"marks":59319,"value":59321,"nodeType":867},{},[59320],{"type":876},"password manager",{"data":59323,"marks":59324,"value":59325,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and which one.",{"data":59327,"content":59328,"nodeType":883},{},[59329,59332,59341],{"data":59330,"marks":59331,"value":14373,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":59333,"content":59334,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35080},[59335],{"data":59336,"marks":59337,"value":59340,"nodeType":867},{},[59338,59339],{"type":876},{"type":910},"Stolen credentials detection",{"data":59342,"marks":59343,"value":59344,"nodeType":867},{},[]," feature, you can also get alerted when an employee is using credentials that match those for sale in criminal forums. Push integrates with commercial threat intelligence sources to perform these matches, and you can also bring your own TI using the Push REST API to perform additional checks for in-use stolen creds. This check still happens locally in the browser, so no hashes are sent to third-party systems.",{"data":59346,"content":59349,"nodeType":892},{"target":59347},{"sys":59348},{"id":52499,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":59351,"content":59352,"nodeType":883},{},[59353,59357,59366],{"data":59354,"marks":59355,"value":59356,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you configure Push to also monitor for employees who are logging in to work apps using ",{"data":59358,"content":59360,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59359},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10105#start",[59361],{"data":59362,"marks":59363,"value":59365,"nodeType":867},{},[59364],{"type":876},"personal email addresses",{"data":59367,"marks":59368,"value":59369,"nodeType":867},{},[]," or any non-corporate email, Push can identify when personal accounts and work accounts are reusing passwords for the same work application.",{"data":59371,"content":59372,"nodeType":883},{},[59373,59377,59386],{"data":59374,"marks":59375,"value":59376,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using the Push ",{"data":59378,"content":59380,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59379},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/getting-started/#api-and-webhooks",[59381],{"data":59382,"marks":59383,"value":59385,"nodeType":867},{},[59384],{"type":876},"REST API and webhooks",{"data":59387,"marks":59388,"value":59389,"nodeType":867},{},[],", you can get alerted when Push raises a security finding for an account, and when a finding is resolved.",{"data":59391,"content":59392,"nodeType":921},{},[59393],{"data":59394,"marks":59395,"value":59397,"nodeType":867},{},[59396],{"type":910},"4. The ability to solve any issues at scale, including remediating bad passwords and enforcing MFA, even on apps where the security team doesn’t have administrative control.",{"data":59399,"content":59400,"nodeType":883},{},[59401],{"data":59402,"marks":59403,"value":59404,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, you can enforce self-remediation workflows using Push’s position in the browser, right where employees are working. ",{"data":59406,"content":59407,"nodeType":883},{},[59408],{"data":59409,"marks":59410,"value":59411,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push recently released a new in-browser control to enforce strong passwords. It works by detecting when an employee has a password security issue, and then prompting them to update their password by displaying a customizable banner message when they log in to the affected account.",{"data":59413,"content":59417,"nodeType":892},{"target":59414},{"sys":59415},{"id":59416,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4IfBLaE66CJSsb5h44vSNp",[],{"data":59419,"content":59420,"nodeType":883},{},[59421,59425,59433],{"data":59422,"marks":59423,"value":59424,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This control complements an existing ",{"data":59426,"content":59428,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59427},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/enforce-mfa-on-third-party-apps/",[59429],{"data":59430,"marks":59431,"value":14348,"nodeType":867},{},[59432],{"type":876},{"data":59434,"marks":59435,"value":59436,"nodeType":867},{},[]," guardrail, which uses a similar workflow to prompt employees to register for MFA on apps where it’s missing.",{"data":59438,"content":59439,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":59441,"content":59442,"nodeType":912},{},[59443],{"data":59444,"marks":59445,"value":59447,"nodeType":867},{},[59446],{"type":910},"A closer look at password enforcement",{"data":59449,"content":59450,"nodeType":883},{},[59451,59455,59459],{"data":59452,"marks":59453,"value":59454,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the spirit of helping users do the right thing, we designed the",{"data":59456,"marks":59457,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[59458],{"type":910},{"data":59460,"marks":59461,"value":59462,"nodeType":867},{},[],"password enforcement control to meet users where they are, in the most relevant context where they can fix the problem. ",{"data":59464,"content":59465,"nodeType":883},{},[59466],{"data":59467,"marks":59468,"value":59469,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because this control is powered by the Push browser agent, security teams don’t need administrative control over every app where password accounts exist — which often isn’t practical for all the reasons we reviewed earlier. Instead, they can use Push to prompt employees to fix the issue themselves.",{"data":59471,"content":59472,"nodeType":883},{},[59473],{"data":59474,"marks":59475,"value":59476,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s a closer look at how it works:",{"data":59478,"content":59479,"nodeType":1526},{},[59480,59507,59517],{"data":59481,"content":59482,"nodeType":1505},{},[59483],{"data":59484,"content":59485,"nodeType":883},{},[59486,59490,59494,59498,59503],{"data":59487,"marks":59488,"value":59489,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can enable ",{"data":59491,"marks":59492,"value":14356,"nodeType":867},{},[59493],{"type":910},{"data":59495,"marks":59496,"value":59497,"nodeType":867},{},[]," from the tile on the ",{"data":59499,"marks":59500,"value":59502,"nodeType":867},{},[59501],{"type":910},"Controls",{"data":59504,"marks":59505,"value":59506,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page of the Push admin console. ",{"data":59508,"content":59509,"nodeType":1505},{},[59510],{"data":59511,"content":59512,"nodeType":883},{},[59513],{"data":59514,"marks":59515,"value":59516,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using the rule editor, select whether you want to apply the control for all employees, or just specific groups or individuals, and which apps it should apply to. You can also select which types of password security issues you want to prompt users about.",{"data":59518,"content":59519,"nodeType":1505},{},[59520],{"data":59521,"content":59522,"nodeType":883},{},[59523],{"data":59524,"marks":59525,"value":59526,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Then customize the message that employees will see. Push will then automatically display the banner based on your criteria. Where possible, Push will include a link in the banner that takes employees directly to the page in the app where they can change their password — or you can add a link yourself.",{"data":59528,"content":59532,"nodeType":892},{"target":59529},{"sys":59530},{"id":59531,"type":889,"linkType":890},"shpVOAMlk7OE1mWrE9h8S",[],{"data":59534,"content":59535,"nodeType":883},{},[59536],{"data":59537,"marks":59538,"value":59539,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once the password has been changed and Push verifies that the new password is strong, you’ll see the security finding cleared from the account record in the admin console and the banner will no longer display to the end-user.",{"data":59541,"content":59542,"nodeType":883},{},[59543],{"data":59544,"marks":59545,"value":59546,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push also sends webhook events when:",{"data":59548,"content":59549,"nodeType":1526},{},[59550,59560,59570,59580],{"data":59551,"content":59552,"nodeType":1505},{},[59553],{"data":59554,"content":59555,"nodeType":883},{},[59556],{"data":59557,"marks":59558,"value":59559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A banner is displayed",{"data":59561,"content":59562,"nodeType":1505},{},[59563],{"data":59564,"content":59565,"nodeType":883},{},[59566],{"data":59567,"marks":59568,"value":59569,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A user clicks the link in the banner to take action",{"data":59571,"content":59572,"nodeType":1505},{},[59573],{"data":59574,"content":59575,"nodeType":883},{},[59576],{"data":59577,"marks":59578,"value":59579,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A password is updated",{"data":59581,"content":59582,"nodeType":1505},{},[59583],{"data":59584,"content":59585,"nodeType":883},{},[59586],{"data":59587,"marks":59588,"value":59589,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A password security finding is resolved",{"data":59591,"content":59592,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":59594,"content":59595,"nodeType":912},{},[59596],{"data":59597,"marks":59598,"value":59600,"nodeType":867},{},[59599],{"type":910},"Where to begin",{"data":59602,"content":59603,"nodeType":883},{},[59604],{"data":59605,"marks":59606,"value":59607,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most organizations we work with deploy the Push agent first to get an initial understanding of their attack surface and account posture issues. Then we recommend enabling the one-two punch of MFA and strong password enforcement guardrails. You can use both controls in tandem, and Push will first seek to resolve the password issues on a given account, and then prompt the user to register for MFA.",{"data":59609,"content":59610,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":59612,"content":59613,"nodeType":912},{},[59614],{"data":59615,"marks":59616,"value":37808,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":59618,"content":59619,"nodeType":883},{},[59620,59624,59631],{"data":59621,"marks":59622,"value":59623,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking while improving your workforce identity posture, book some time with one of our team for a ",{"data":59625,"content":59626,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[59627],{"data":59628,"marks":59629,"value":2516,"nodeType":867},{},[59630],{"type":876},{"data":59632,"marks":59633,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Introducing Push password enforcement — for when weak passwords are still plaguing you","Detects when employees have weak, reused, or stolen passwords and guide them to update their password using in-browser messaging on any app. ","2025-03-25T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-strong-password-enforcement",{"items":59639},[59640,59642],{"sys":59641,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"sys":59643,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":59645},[59646],{"fullName":14681,"firstName":14682,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":59647},{"url":14685},"blog/employee-identity-verification-codes-release",{"json":59650},{"data":59651,"content":59652,"nodeType":1569},{},[59653],{"data":59654,"content":59655,"nodeType":883},{},[59656],{"data":59657,"marks":59658,"value":59659,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers like Scattered Spider are tricking help desks into reseting MFA on sensitive apps. Find out how Push can stop them in the browser.\n",{"id":27515,"publishedAt":59661},"2026-08-12T11:57:08.613Z",{"items":59663},[59664],{"sys":59665,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":59667},[59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680],{"sys":59669,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":59671,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":59673,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":59675,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45},{"id":647},{"sys":59677,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":59679,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":59681,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},"OkYaBgB1YDarn9Eczj5pPuCsLsMZ4fen4GPASrYm0AQ",{"id":59684,"title":59685,"authorsCollection":59686,"content":59690,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":60159,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":60161,"metaTitle":60162,"ogImage":59,"postType":60163,"publishedDate":60164,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":60165,"slug":60579,"stem":60580,"subtitle":59,"summary":60581,"synopsis":60592,"sys":60593,"tagsCollection":60596,"topicsCollection":60600,"__hash__":60620},"blog/blog/better-together-identity-telemetry-from-push-smart-storage-and-searches-from.json","Better together: Identity telemetry from Push + smart storage and searches from Cribl",{"items":59687},[59688],{"fullName":14681,"firstName":14682,"jobTitle":14683,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":59689},{"url":14685},{"json":59691,"links":60148},{"data":59692,"content":59693,"nodeType":1569},{},[59694,59701,59744,59751,59758,59792,59799,59806,59859,59866,59873,59880,59887,59894,59901,59908,59915,59922,59955,59962,59980,59987,59994,60001,60034,60041,60058,60065,60072,60102,60131],{"data":59695,"content":59696,"nodeType":883},{},[59697],{"data":59698,"marks":59699,"value":59700,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the midst of an identity security investigation when every minute counts, there are few sentences more painful to say than:",{"data":59702,"content":59703,"nodeType":1526},{},[59704,59714,59724,59734],{"data":59705,"content":59706,"nodeType":1505},{},[59707],{"data":59708,"content":59709,"nodeType":883},{},[59710],{"data":59711,"marks":59712,"value":59713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“We didn’t snapshot that data, so we didn’t have the right time period.”",{"data":59715,"content":59716,"nodeType":1505},{},[59717],{"data":59718,"content":59719,"nodeType":883},{},[59720],{"data":59721,"marks":59722,"value":59723,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“We didn’t send those logs to the SIEM, so we couldn’t do the correlation we needed to rule out [bad thing].”",{"data":59725,"content":59726,"nodeType":1505},{},[59727],{"data":59728,"content":59729,"nodeType":883},{},[59730],{"data":59731,"marks":59732,"value":59733,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“We didn’t have any user behavior telemetry in the browser, so we didn’t know if they entered their password on the phishing page or not.”",{"data":59735,"content":59736,"nodeType":1505},{},[59737],{"data":59738,"content":59739,"nodeType":883},{},[59740],{"data":59741,"marks":59742,"value":59743,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“We had no way of determining what other accounts they were using that compromised password on.”",{"data":59745,"content":59746,"nodeType":883},{},[59747],{"data":59748,"marks":59749,"value":59750,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security teams use Push and Cribl so they never have to utter those words. So we’re especially thrilled to announce our partnership with Cribl to make it much easier to snapshot, transform, and query Push telemetry using Cribl’s data management solutions.",{"data":59752,"content":59753,"nodeType":883},{},[59754],{"data":59755,"marks":59756,"value":59757,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push uses a browser agent deployed across all your workforce browsers to do real-time detection and response for identity-based attacks like credential phishing, account takeover, and session token theft. ",{"data":59759,"content":59760,"nodeType":883},{},[59761,59765,59775,59779,59788],{"data":59762,"marks":59763,"value":59764,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As the Push browser agent learns your environment, it also automatically inventories all the apps that your employees log in to, their authentication methods and MFA usage, and the security posture of their accounts. We call this an organization’s ",{"data":59766,"content":59770,"nodeType":13489},{"target":59767},{"sys":59768},{"id":59769,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1pJdOGN0dOd3BKVqO4CxHh",[59771],{"data":59772,"marks":59773,"value":59774,"nodeType":867},{},[],"identity attack surface",{"data":59776,"marks":59777,"value":59778,"nodeType":867},{},[]," because it represents the risks posed by insecure accounts and apps — even the ones you didn’t know about — that are ",{"data":59780,"content":59783,"nodeType":13489},{"target":59781},{"sys":59782},{"id":27454,"type":889,"linkType":890},[59784],{"data":59785,"marks":59786,"value":59787,"nodeType":867},{},[],"increasingly targeted",{"data":59789,"marks":59790,"value":59791,"nodeType":867},{},[]," by attackers.",{"data":59793,"content":59794,"nodeType":883},{},[59795],{"data":59796,"marks":59797,"value":59798,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From this unique vantage point in the browser, Push can block identity attacks like credential phishing while also generating telemetry that security teams rely on for knowing what happened during an incident, such as what the user saw and did, and how big the blast radius is in terms of other compromised accounts.",{"data":59800,"content":59801,"nodeType":883},{},[59802],{"data":59803,"marks":59804,"value":59805,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By integrating with Cribl, Push customers can now:",{"data":59807,"content":59808,"nodeType":1526},{},[59809,59819,59829,59839,59849],{"data":59810,"content":59811,"nodeType":1505},{},[59812],{"data":59813,"content":59814,"nodeType":883},{},[59815],{"data":59816,"marks":59817,"value":59818,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Quickly ingest and transform Push data into Cribl in order to route it to their SIEM, SOAR, or other third-party system — without overwhelming their pipeline or running up costs on log volume.",{"data":59820,"content":59821,"nodeType":1505},{},[59822],{"data":59823,"content":59824,"nodeType":883},{},[59825],{"data":59826,"marks":59827,"value":59828,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get immediate insights into identity security threats and posture across their environment by using Cribl’s out-of-the-box dashboards for Push telemetry.",{"data":59830,"content":59831,"nodeType":1505},{},[59832],{"data":59833,"content":59834,"nodeType":883},{},[59835],{"data":59836,"marks":59837,"value":59838,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Easily create a snapshot of Push data to allow for historical comparisons and queries.",{"data":59840,"content":59841,"nodeType":1505},{},[59842],{"data":59843,"content":59844,"nodeType":883},{},[59845],{"data":59846,"marks":59847,"value":59848,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Correlate Push data with other log sources such as their EDR and identity provider to get a fuller picture of identity security risks and incidents. ",{"data":59850,"content":59851,"nodeType":1505},{},[59852],{"data":59853,"content":59854,"nodeType":883},{},[59855],{"data":59856,"marks":59857,"value":59858,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hunt across their data for risky user behaviors like suspicious login methods, signs of credential phishing or stolen sessions, and credential reuse.",{"data":59860,"content":59861,"nodeType":883},{},[59862],{"data":59863,"marks":59864,"value":59865,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s a closer look at what we built together and how you can use it.",{"data":59867,"content":59868,"nodeType":912},{},[59869],{"data":59870,"marks":59871,"value":59872,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Tooling built by the teams that actually use it",{"data":59874,"content":59875,"nodeType":883},{},[59876],{"data":59877,"marks":59878,"value":59879,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The truth is, we selfishly had the idea to build this integration because we use Cribl at Push — and they use Push at Cribl. ",{"data":59881,"content":59882,"nodeType":883},{},[59883],{"data":59884,"marks":59885,"value":59886,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As mutual users (and fans!) of each other’s products, our security teams had firsthand experience with the use cases, data, and possibilities that combining our capabilities presented.",{"data":59888,"content":59889,"nodeType":883},{},[59890],{"data":59891,"marks":59892,"value":59893,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Our team had been using Push for a while, and I was already a big fan of their approach,” explains Alex Crusco, staff security engineer at Cribl. “So when we decided to build out-of-the-box security packs in Cribl, they were the first partner that came to mind. Identity is a top attack vector, and defending it isn’t easy. The combined power of Cribl and Push gives security teams the clarity and control to turn identity from a blind spot into a defensible asset.”",{"data":59895,"content":59896,"nodeType":883},{},[59897],{"data":59898,"marks":59899,"value":59900,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So here’s what we built:",{"data":59902,"content":59903,"nodeType":921},{},[59904],{"data":59905,"marks":59906,"value":59907,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cribl Stream pack for Push",{"data":59909,"content":59910,"nodeType":883},{},[59911],{"data":59912,"marks":59913,"value":59914,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using the Cribl Stream pack for Push, you get a preconfigured parser for individual Push events that automatically cleans and formats them for your exact use case so you can query the data directly in Cribl or route it somewhere else. ",{"data":59916,"content":59917,"nodeType":883},{},[59918],{"data":59919,"marks":59920,"value":59921,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By sending Push data to Cribl, you can enable your security team to:",{"data":59923,"content":59924,"nodeType":1526},{},[59925,59935,59945],{"data":59926,"content":59927,"nodeType":1505},{},[59928],{"data":59929,"content":59930,"nodeType":883},{},[59931],{"data":59932,"marks":59933,"value":59934,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ingest and normalize telemetry on the employees, accounts, browsers, security findings, and detections observed by Push across your environment.",{"data":59936,"content":59937,"nodeType":1505},{},[59938],{"data":59939,"content":59940,"nodeType":883},{},[59941],{"data":59942,"marks":59943,"value":59944,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Route specific alerts and events to your SIEM or other tool.",{"data":59946,"content":59947,"nodeType":1505},{},[59948],{"data":59949,"content":59950,"nodeType":883},{},[59951],{"data":59952,"marks":59953,"value":59954,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Enrich Push data with other sources to expand the context for understanding events, or look for wider patterns.",{"data":59956,"content":59957,"nodeType":883},{},[59958],{"data":59959,"marks":59960,"value":59961,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push logs are pretty lightweight out of the box, but the Stream pack streamlines them further. By transforming or dropping some of the event fields (such as event headers), you can reduce your event size by 50%. This gives security teams the opportunity and flexibility to save on costs when sending events to systems that charge by log volume while also getting the data that security teams need where they need it.",{"data":59963,"content":59964,"nodeType":883},{},[59965,59969,59977],{"data":59966,"marks":59967,"value":59968,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can get the Cribl Stream pack for Push via the ",{"data":59970,"content":59972,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59971},"https://packs.cribl.io/packs/cc-push-security",[59973],{"data":59974,"marks":59975,"value":59976,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cribl Dispensary",{"data":59978,"marks":59979,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":59981,"content":59982,"nodeType":921},{},[59983],{"data":59984,"marks":59985,"value":59986,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cribl Search pack for Push",{"data":59988,"content":59989,"nodeType":883},{},[59990],{"data":59991,"marks":59992,"value":59993,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The other half of the equation is the Cribl Search pack for Push. Once you’ve got your Push data into Cribl, you can use it to populate pre-built dashboards provided by the Search pack.",{"data":59995,"content":59996,"nodeType":883},{},[59997],{"data":59998,"marks":59999,"value":60000,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using the Cribl Search pack dashboards, you can:",{"data":60002,"content":60003,"nodeType":1526},{},[60004,60014,60024],{"data":60005,"content":60006,"nodeType":1505},{},[60007],{"data":60008,"content":60009,"nodeType":883},{},[60010],{"data":60011,"marks":60012,"value":60013,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Monitor the state of your Push Security deployment and identify any gaps in browser extension coverage.",{"data":60015,"content":60016,"nodeType":1505},{},[60017],{"data":60018,"content":60019,"nodeType":883},{},[60020],{"data":60021,"marks":60022,"value":60023,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get a snapshot of security issues such as suspicious or unapproved login methods (e.g. local password logins on SSO apps); credential reuse; or signs of adversary-in-the-middle phishing incidents or stolen sessions.",{"data":60025,"content":60026,"nodeType":1505},{},[60027],{"data":60028,"content":60029,"nodeType":883},{},[60030],{"data":60031,"marks":60032,"value":60033,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Deep dive into behavior data for a specific employee, to assist threat hunters and analysts with investigations or incident response.",{"data":60035,"content":60036,"nodeType":883},{},[60037],{"data":60038,"marks":60039,"value":60040,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With the Search pack, you can also take a daily snapshot of your Push data to see trends across time when searching, or to conduct historical investigations.",{"data":60042,"content":60043,"nodeType":883},{},[60044,60048,60055],{"data":60045,"marks":60046,"value":60047,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can get the Cribl Search pack for Push via the ",{"data":60049,"content":60051,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60050},"https://packs.cribl.io/packs/cc-search-push-security",[60052],{"data":60053,"marks":60054,"value":59976,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60056,"marks":60057,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60059,"content":60060,"nodeType":912},{},[60061],{"data":60062,"marks":60063,"value":60064,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get started",{"data":60066,"content":60067,"nodeType":883},{},[60068],{"data":60069,"marks":60070,"value":60071,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To get started, you’ll need to be using both Cribl and Push. ",{"data":60073,"content":60074,"nodeType":883},{},[60075,60079,60087,60091,60098],{"data":60076,"marks":60077,"value":60078,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To get started using the Stream pack, you’ll need to configure a Stream source to receive data over HTTPS, then create a ",{"data":60080,"content":60082,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60081},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/webhooks-v1/",[60083],{"data":60084,"marks":60085,"value":60086,"nodeType":867},{},[],"webhook",{"data":60088,"marks":60089,"value":60090,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in the Push admin console that points to your Cribl Stream source and download and install the Cribl Stream pack for Push. Follow the instructions in the ",{"data":60092,"content":60093,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59971},[60094],{"data":60095,"marks":60096,"value":60097,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stream pack description",{"data":60099,"marks":60100,"value":60101,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for guidance.",{"data":60103,"content":60104,"nodeType":883},{},[60105,60109,60117,60121,60128],{"data":60106,"marks":60107,"value":60108,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To get started using the Search pack, you’ll need to also set up the ",{"data":60110,"content":60112,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60111},"https://github.com/criblio/collector-templates/tree/main/collectors/rest/pushsecurity",[60113],{"data":60114,"marks":60115,"value":60116,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push REST collectors",{"data":60118,"marks":60119,"value":60120,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in Cribl Stream to ingest your Push data. Then import the Search pack into your Cribl instance. Follow the instructions in the ",{"data":60122,"content":60123,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60050},[60124],{"data":60125,"marks":60126,"value":60127,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Search pack description",{"data":60129,"marks":60130,"value":60101,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60132,"content":60133,"nodeType":883},{},[60134,60138,60144],{"data":60135,"marks":60136,"value":60137,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Not yet a user of Push yet, but want to learn more about how our data enables detection, response, and security investigations? ",{"data":60139,"content":60140,"nodeType":878},{"uri":14660},[60141],{"data":60142,"marks":60143,"value":42439,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60145,"marks":60146,"value":60147,"nodeType":867},{},[]," with our team to chat.",{"entries":60149},{"block":60150,"inline":60151,"hyperlink":60152},[],[],[60153,60157],{"sys":60154,"__typename":1670,"title":60155,"slug":60156},{"id":59769},"Looking back on identity-based breaches in 2024","2024-identity-breaches",{"sys":60158,"__typename":1670,"title":52634,"slug":52637},{"id":27454},{"items":60160},[],{},"Integrate Cribl and Push Security","partnership","2025-06-03T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":60166},[60167],{"__typename":1670,"sys":60168,"content":60170,"title":60563,"synopsis":60564,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":60565,"slug":60566,"tagsCollection":60567,"authorsCollection":60575},{"id":60169},"7qYHyqnkvqQRbYn3nTi5br",{"json":60171},{"data":60172,"content":60173,"nodeType":1569},{},[60174,60181,60188,60236,60243,60250,60257,60263,60282,60289,60311,60318,60325,60347,60353,60390,60397,60404,60410,60417,60424,60431,60438,60445,60522,60528,60546],{"data":60175,"content":60176,"nodeType":883},{},[60177],{"data":60178,"marks":60179,"value":60180,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While Push’s official mission is to stop identity attacks, our unofficial motto might be described as “don’t make security teams log into another tool if they don’t have to.”",{"data":60182,"content":60183,"nodeType":883},{},[60184],{"data":60185,"marks":60186,"value":60187,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To that end, we’re thrilled to announce a new integration with Panther that makes it possible in a few clicks to:",{"data":60189,"content":60190,"nodeType":1526},{},[60191,60206,60221],{"data":60192,"content":60193,"nodeType":1505},{},[60194],{"data":60195,"content":60196,"nodeType":883},{},[60197,60202],{"data":60198,"marks":60199,"value":60201,"nodeType":867},{},[60200],{"type":910},"Ingest Push logs",{"data":60203,"marks":60204,"value":60205,"nodeType":867},{},[]," into your Panther SIEM.",{"data":60207,"content":60208,"nodeType":1505},{},[60209],{"data":60210,"content":60211,"nodeType":883},{},[60212,60217],{"data":60213,"marks":60214,"value":60216,"nodeType":867},{},[60215],{"type":910},"Use preconfigured data schemas",{"data":60218,"marks":60219,"value":60220,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for these logs without having to create your own.",{"data":60222,"content":60223,"nodeType":1505},{},[60224],{"data":60225,"content":60226,"nodeType":883},{},[60227,60232],{"data":60228,"marks":60229,"value":60231,"nodeType":867},{},[60230],{"type":910},"Enable ready-made detections",{"data":60233,"marks":60234,"value":60235,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for Push webhook events, including session token theft and adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) phishing toolkits.",{"data":60237,"content":60238,"nodeType":883},{},[60239],{"data":60240,"marks":60241,"value":60242,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The combination of Push’s unique telemetry, powered by the Push browser agent, and Panther’s correlation and log normalization capabilities was a perfect match, explains Panther’s Head of Partnerships, Andrew Dooley.",{"data":60244,"content":60245,"nodeType":883},{},[60246],{"data":60247,"marks":60248,"value":60249,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“As a SIEM, we’re looking for where we can find the most impactful security information in our customers’ environments to bring into Panther,” Dooley says. ",{"data":60251,"content":60252,"nodeType":883},{},[60253],{"data":60254,"marks":60255,"value":60256,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“With identity-based attacks being so common and impactful, identity telemetry data directly from users' browsers is exactly the kind of high-impact logs we want to support our customers’ threat detection and investigation workflows.”",{"data":60258,"content":60262,"nodeType":892},{"target":60259},{"sys":60260},{"id":60261,"type":889,"linkType":890},"77bCOg5nPKjyKdhH77dUox",[],{"data":60264,"content":60265,"nodeType":883},{},[60266,60270,60278],{"data":60267,"marks":60268,"value":60269,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’ll highlight some of the use cases you can achieve with the Push-Panther integration. Or, if you prefer, you can ",{"data":60271,"content":60273,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60272},"https://docs.panther.com/data-onboarding/supported-logs/push-security",[60274],{"data":60275,"marks":60276,"value":60277,"nodeType":867},{},[],"dive into the docs",{"data":60279,"marks":60280,"value":60281,"nodeType":867},{},[]," right away.",{"data":60283,"content":60284,"nodeType":912},{},[60285],{"data":60286,"marks":60287,"value":60288,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How to detect session token theft with Push and Panther",{"data":60290,"content":60291,"nodeType":883},{},[60292,60296,60307],{"data":60293,"marks":60294,"value":60295,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A key use case we set out to solve with the Push-Panther integration is detecting ",{"data":60297,"content":60301,"nodeType":13489},{"target":60298},{"sys":60299},{"id":60300,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6Uvqu6LcWzOVfA9mxtu841",[60302],{"data":60303,"marks":60304,"value":60306,"nodeType":867},{},[60305],{"type":910},"session token theft",{"data":60308,"marks":60309,"value":60310,"nodeType":867},{},[],", a session hijacking technique where endpoint malware such as an infostealer is used to extract sessions and other valuable data from a device.",{"data":60312,"content":60313,"nodeType":883},{},[60314],{"data":60315,"marks":60316,"value":60317,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using stolen tokens, attackers don’t even need to bypass MFA; they can just log in by importing the session cookie into their browser.",{"data":60319,"content":60320,"nodeType":883},{},[60321],{"data":60322,"marks":60323,"value":60324,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the past, writing high-fidelity detections for session token theft has been extremely challenging because there was only squishy ground to stand on: IP-based or geo-based signals are noisy and frequently inaccurate.",{"data":60326,"content":60327,"nodeType":883},{},[60328,60332,60343],{"data":60329,"marks":60330,"value":60331,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push recently released our ",{"data":60333,"content":60337,"nodeType":13489},{"target":60334},{"sys":60335},{"id":60336,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1UMZdjyNQt4Y7NBb2wuK4L",[60338],{"data":60339,"marks":60340,"value":60342,"nodeType":867},{},[60341],{"type":910},"session token theft detection",{"data":60344,"marks":60345,"value":60346,"nodeType":867},{},[]," feature, which uses the Push browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push.",{"data":60348,"content":60352,"nodeType":892},{"target":60349},{"sys":60350},{"id":60351,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3zQamWSaZFIbMUhQZtM2II",[],{"data":60354,"content":60355,"nodeType":883},{},[60356,60360,60369,60373,60377,60381,60386],{"data":60357,"marks":60358,"value":60359,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Things get interesting when you plug Push telemetry into Panther’s new ",{"data":60361,"content":60363,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60362},"https://docs.panther.com/detections/correlation-rules",[60364],{"data":60365,"marks":60366,"value":60368,"nodeType":867},{},[60367],{"type":910},"Correlation Rules",{"data":60370,"marks":60371,"value":60372,"nodeType":867},{},[]," feature (or perform a correlation in your other SIEM of choice). By analyzing logs from your IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both ",{"data":60374,"marks":60375,"value":53376,"nodeType":867},{},[60376],{"type":2278},{"data":60378,"marks":60379,"value":60380,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and that ",{"data":60382,"marks":60383,"value":60385,"nodeType":867},{},[60384],{"type":2278},"lacks",{"data":60387,"marks":60388,"value":60389,"nodeType":867},{},[]," the Push marker, a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is being used by an adversary.",{"data":60391,"content":60392,"nodeType":883},{},[60393],{"data":60394,"marks":60395,"value":60396,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Being able to correlate high-fidelity browser telemetry data with IdP logs and even more traditional endpoint logs is a powerful enabler for our users in catching bad actor behavior fast and early,” says Dooley, Panther’s Head of Partnerships.",{"data":60398,"content":60399,"nodeType":883},{},[60400],{"data":60401,"marks":60402,"value":60403,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Check out this video demo from Joe Stanulis, solutions engineer team lead at Push, and Nicholas Hakmiller, senior engineering manager at Panther, to see how Push and Panther combine their powers to detect session token theft.",{"data":60405,"content":60409,"nodeType":892},{"target":60406},{"sys":60407},{"id":60408,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2hUt3IqTFlCMgC0jHTau58",[],{"data":60411,"content":60412,"nodeType":883},{},[60413],{"data":60414,"marks":60415,"value":60416,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As Dooley explains, “Push’s approach of generating visibility as well as security findings aligns well with Panther’s approach of centralizing customers’ security alerts but also combining multiple signals from different sources into one finding. For example, the Push agent can block phishing attacks when in Block mode, but when in Monitor mode, those findings can be sent to Panther to be correlated with other activity like unusual Okta logins to create a single alert that tells a more complete story of a user being compromised. ",{"data":60418,"content":60419,"nodeType":883},{},[60420],{"data":60421,"marks":60422,"value":60423,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Similarly, the Push user agent string marker leaves a very visible fingerprint in logs from other systems, making it easy to incorporate this Push feature into Panther detections across a variety of log sources and use cases.”",{"data":60425,"content":60426,"nodeType":912},{},[60427],{"data":60428,"marks":60429,"value":60430,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What else can you do with Push and your SIEM?",{"data":60432,"content":60433,"nodeType":883},{},[60434],{"data":60435,"marks":60436,"value":60437,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a browser agent, Push is uniquely positioned to provide telemetry on your identity infrastructure that you can’t easily get elsewhere. This data is a key element to stopping identity attacks and account takeover by providing the context security teams need to write detections and to perform correlations with existing log sources, such as an identity provider.",{"data":60439,"content":60440,"nodeType":883},{},[60441],{"data":60442,"marks":60443,"value":60444,"nodeType":867},{},[],"General use cases for ingesting Push data into your SIEM include:",{"data":60446,"content":60447,"nodeType":1526},{},[60448,60477,60492,60507],{"data":60449,"content":60450,"nodeType":1505},{},[60451],{"data":60452,"content":60453,"nodeType":883},{},[60454,60459,60463,60473],{"data":60455,"marks":60456,"value":60458,"nodeType":867},{},[60457],{"type":910},"Detecting phishing attempts",{"data":60460,"marks":60461,"value":60462,"nodeType":867},{},[]," from ",{"data":60464,"content":60468,"nodeType":13489},{"target":60465},{"sys":60466},{"id":60467,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4EfGLsD4qOkE4AoTUoL83m",[60469],{"data":60470,"marks":60471,"value":60472,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AitM phishing tools",{"data":60474,"marks":60475,"value":60476,"nodeType":867},{},[]," like Evilginx or EvilNoVNC.",{"data":60478,"content":60479,"nodeType":1505},{},[60480],{"data":60481,"content":60482,"nodeType":883},{},[60483,60488],{"data":60484,"marks":60485,"value":60487,"nodeType":867},{},[60486],{"type":910},"Monitoring for suspicious activity or high-risk changes",{"data":60489,"marks":60490,"value":60491,"nodeType":867},{},[]," such as MFA method changes or reuse of corporate SSO passwords on other apps.",{"data":60493,"content":60494,"nodeType":1505},{},[60495],{"data":60496,"content":60497,"nodeType":883},{},[60498,60503],{"data":60499,"marks":60500,"value":60502,"nodeType":867},{},[60501],{"type":910},"Hardening identities and flagging poor hygiene behaviors",{"data":60504,"marks":60505,"value":60506,"nodeType":867},{},[],", such as logging into SSO-protected apps with local accounts or reusing passwords across business applications.",{"data":60508,"content":60509,"nodeType":1505},{},[60510],{"data":60511,"content":60512,"nodeType":883},{},[60513,60518],{"data":60514,"marks":60515,"value":60517,"nodeType":867},{},[60516],{"type":910},"Detecting the use of stolen session tokens",{"data":60519,"marks":60520,"value":60521,"nodeType":867},{},[],", indicating a compromised identity and device, as discussed earlier.",{"data":60523,"content":60524,"nodeType":912},{},[60525],{"data":60526,"marks":60527,"value":37808,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60529,"content":60530,"nodeType":883},{},[60531,60535,60542],{"data":60532,"marks":60533,"value":60534,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To see Push in action, ",{"data":60536,"content":60538,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60537},"/demo/",[60539],{"data":60540,"marks":60541,"value":39222,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60543,"marks":60544,"value":60545,"nodeType":867},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you our session theft detection feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO, and how we detect vulnerable identities and stop identity attacks with browser-based controls.",{"data":60547,"content":60548,"nodeType":883},{},[60549,60553,60560],{"data":60550,"marks":60551,"value":60552,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For technical setup details on the Push-Panther integration, refer to the ",{"data":60554,"content":60555,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60272},[60556],{"data":60557,"marks":60558,"value":60559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Panther documentation",{"data":60561,"marks":60562,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Combining the powers of Push and Panther to stop identity attacks","Push is excited to partner with Panther, bringing our unique browser telemetry to your SIEM.","2024-06-25T00:00:00.000Z","combining-the-powers-of-push-and-panther-to-stop-identity-attacks",{"items":60568},[60569,60571],{"sys":60570,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":60572,"name":60574},{"id":60573},"5jk0kqjSdSK2L0YiistQjY","Release notes",{"items":60576},[60577],{"fullName":14681,"firstName":14682,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":60578},{"url":14685},"better-together-identity-telemetry-from-push-smart-storage-and-searches-from","blog/better-together-identity-telemetry-from-push-smart-storage-and-searches-from",{"json":60582},{"data":60583,"content":60584,"nodeType":1569},{},[60585],{"data":60586,"content":60587,"nodeType":883},{},[60588],{"data":60589,"marks":60590,"value":60591,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re thrilled to announce our partnership with Cribl to make it much easier to snapshot, transform, and query Push telemetry using Cribl’s data management solutions.\n","We’re thrilled to announce our partnership with Cribl to make it much easier to snapshot, transform, and query Push telemetry.",{"id":60594,"publishedAt":60595},"1sQvkmXRQaFGRpuE01KeF1","2026-08-12T11:54:09.517Z",{"items":60597},[60598],{"sys":60599,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":60601},[60602,60604,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614,60616,60618],{"sys":60603,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":60605,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":60607,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":60609,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":60611,"name":598,"slug":599,"tier":45},{"id":595},{"sys":60613,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":60615,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":60617,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":60619,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},"uZXz04NhobF_wEUTD8_eR_i2okOi_u_u_ikmCJI6pFA",{"id":60622,"title":60623,"authorsCollection":60624,"content":60632,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":60890,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":60892,"metaTitle":60893,"ogImage":59,"postType":60894,"publishedDate":60895,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":60896,"slug":61509,"stem":61510,"subtitle":61511,"summary":61512,"synopsis":61522,"sys":61523,"tagsCollection":61526,"topicsCollection":61530,"__hash__":61544},"blog/blog/introducing-the-push-security-advisor-network-psan.json","Introducing the Push Security Advisor Network (PSAN)",{"items":60625},[60626],{"fullName":60627,"firstName":60628,"jobTitle":60629,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":60630},"Bryan Wallace","Bryan","VP Global Partnerships",{"url":60631},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/GkYDNlk2Sb4nnlkwhEm0K/d24c0ac5f60270172861317dc55be9cd/headshot__1__1.png",{"json":60633,"links":60882},{"data":60634,"content":60635,"nodeType":1569},{},[60636,60651,60658,60661,60669,60676,60683,60691,60713,60716,60724,60731,60794,60813,60816,60824,60831,60870,60876],{"data":60637,"content":60638,"nodeType":883},{},[60639,60643,60648],{"data":60640,"marks":60641,"value":60642,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At Push Security, our mission has always been to empower security teams to defend against today’s most persistent threats—namely, identity attacks such as phishing, credential-based attacks, session hijacking, and account takeover. Today, we’re thrilled to take that mission one step further with the launch of our new global partner program: the ",{"data":60644,"marks":60645,"value":60647,"nodeType":867},{},[60646],{"type":910},"Push Security Advisor Network (PSAN)",{"data":60649,"marks":60650,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60652,"content":60653,"nodeType":883},{},[60654],{"data":60655,"marks":60656,"value":60657,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Designed for cybersecurity solution providers and technology alliance partners, PSAN is more than just a channel program—it’s a community built for collaboration, growth, and stronger security outcomes for organizations navigating the risks of SaaS and cloud adoption.",{"data":60659,"content":60660,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":60662,"content":60663,"nodeType":912},{},[60664],{"data":60665,"marks":60666,"value":60668,"nodeType":867},{},[60667],{"type":910},"Why PSAN, Why Now?",{"data":60670,"content":60671,"nodeType":883},{},[60672],{"data":60673,"marks":60674,"value":60675,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identity has become the new perimeter. With the explosion of SaaS tools and hybrid work, attackers are finding ways to bypass traditional security controls by targeting identities—using advanced phishing attacks, infostealers, and compromised credentials to access the cloud applications and services that are now the core of business IT. ",{"data":60677,"content":60678,"nodeType":883},{},[60679],{"data":60680,"marks":60681,"value":60682,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security teams need better visibility and control over how employees interact with cloud services, and they need trusted partners to help deliver it.",{"data":60684,"content":60685,"nodeType":883},{},[60686],{"data":60687,"marks":60688,"value":60690,"nodeType":867},{},[60689],{"type":910},"That’s where PSAN comes in.",{"data":60692,"content":60693,"nodeType":3914},{},[60694,60702],{"data":60695,"content":60696,"nodeType":883},{},[60697],{"data":60698,"marks":60699,"value":60701,"nodeType":867},{},[60700],{"type":2278},"Security teams need an answer to today’s sophisticated phishing and identity attacks. With PSAN, we’re bringing together top-tier partners to help businesses proactively address identity-based threats, reduce risk, and strengthen their security posture.",{"data":60703,"content":60704,"nodeType":883},{},[60705,60710],{"data":60706,"marks":60707,"value":60709,"nodeType":867},{},[60708],{"type":910},"Bryan Wallace, Vice President of Global Partnerships at Push Security",{"data":60711,"marks":60712,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60714,"content":60715,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":60717,"content":60718,"nodeType":912},{},[60719],{"data":60720,"marks":60721,"value":60723,"nodeType":867},{},[60722],{"type":910},"What Partners Can Expect",{"data":60725,"content":60726,"nodeType":883},{},[60727],{"data":60728,"marks":60729,"value":60730,"nodeType":867},{},[],"PSAN is purpose-built to make our partners successful—technically, operationally, and financially. Members of the Push Security Advisor Network gain access to:",{"data":60732,"content":60733,"nodeType":1526},{},[60734,60749,60764,60779],{"data":60735,"content":60736,"nodeType":1505},{},[60737],{"data":60738,"content":60739,"nodeType":883},{},[60740,60745],{"data":60741,"marks":60742,"value":60744,"nodeType":867},{},[60743],{"type":910},"Technical Enablement & Training\n",{"data":60746,"marks":60747,"value":60748,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Get hands-on certifications and deep technical guidance to become a trusted Push Security expert.",{"data":60750,"content":60751,"nodeType":1505},{},[60752],{"data":60753,"content":60754,"nodeType":883},{},[60755,60760],{"data":60756,"marks":60757,"value":60759,"nodeType":867},{},[60758],{"type":910},"Sales & Marketing Support\n",{"data":60761,"marks":60762,"value":60763,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Leverage co-marketing campaigns, sales tools, and dedicated resources to accelerate your go-to-market efforts.",{"data":60765,"content":60766,"nodeType":1505},{},[60767],{"data":60768,"content":60769,"nodeType":883},{},[60770,60775],{"data":60771,"marks":60772,"value":60774,"nodeType":867},{},[60773],{"type":910},"Exclusive Partner Incentives\n",{"data":60776,"marks":60777,"value":60778,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Enjoy industry-best margins, deal registration benefits, and performance-based rewards designed to maximize profitability.",{"data":60780,"content":60781,"nodeType":1505},{},[60782],{"data":60783,"content":60784,"nodeType":883},{},[60785,60790],{"data":60786,"marks":60787,"value":60789,"nodeType":867},{},[60788],{"type":910},"Collaborative Threat Intelligence\n",{"data":60791,"marks":60792,"value":60793,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Stay ahead of attackers with access to real-time insights and identity-focused threat data curated by our experts.",{"data":60795,"content":60796,"nodeType":3914},{},[60797,60805],{"data":60798,"content":60799,"nodeType":883},{},[60800],{"data":60801,"marks":60802,"value":60804,"nodeType":867},{},[60803],{"type":2278},"With the launch of PSAN, we're empowering partners to deliver stronger, more scalable human-layer security solutions to customers around the world. PSAN reflects our commitment to a partner-first, partner-only growth strategy and to helping organizations reduce risk where it matters most—at the user level.",{"data":60806,"content":60807,"nodeType":883},{},[60808],{"data":60809,"marks":60810,"value":60812,"nodeType":867},{},[60811],{"type":910},"Kevin Arsenault, CRO at Push Security",{"data":60814,"content":60815,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":60817,"content":60818,"nodeType":912},{},[60819],{"data":60820,"marks":60821,"value":60823,"nodeType":867},{},[60822],{"type":910},"Let’s Grow Together",{"data":60825,"content":60826,"nodeType":883},{},[60827],{"data":60828,"marks":60829,"value":60830,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At Push, we believe that great partnerships are built on trust, enablement, and shared outcomes. PSAN is your opportunity to differentiate your security offerings, expand your business, and join a growing network of experts redefining what identity security looks like in a SaaS-first world.",{"data":60832,"content":60833,"nodeType":883},{},[60834,60838,60843,60846,60855,60859,60867],{"data":60835,"marks":60836,"value":60837,"nodeType":867},{},[],"🔗 ",{"data":60839,"marks":60840,"value":60842,"nodeType":867},{},[60841],{"type":910},"Ready to become a PSAN partner?",{"data":60844,"marks":60845,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60847,"content":60849,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60848},"https://pushsecurity.com/partner",[60850],{"data":60851,"marks":60852,"value":60854,"nodeType":867},{},[60853],{"type":876},"Apply here",{"data":60856,"marks":60857,"value":60858,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Or join our ",{"data":60860,"content":60862,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60861},"https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/partner",[60863],{"data":60864,"marks":60865,"value":60866,"nodeType":867},{},[],"upcoming webinar on June 11",{"data":60868,"marks":60869,"value":2520,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":60871,"content":60875,"nodeType":892},{"target":60872},{"sys":60873},{"id":60874,"type":889,"linkType":890},"snpEY0SZoTAy3JG1GiZsj",[],{"data":60877,"content":60878,"nodeType":883},{},[60879],{"data":60880,"marks":60881,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":60883},{"hyperlink":60884,"inline":60885,"block":60886},[],[],[60887],{"sys":60888,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":60889,"buttonLabel":29118,"buttonColour":37848,"buttonUrl":60861},{"id":60874},"Learn about the Push Security Advisor Network and hear our experts discuss the evolution of phishing threats in our upcoming virtual event.",{"items":60891},[],{},"Launching our partner-first programme","company-news","2025-05-20T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":60897},[60898,61336],{"__typename":1670,"sys":60899,"content":60901,"title":61318,"synopsis":61319,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":61320,"slug":61321,"tagsCollection":61322,"authorsCollection":61328},{"id":60900},"4SvRrpqC8WswOmKbgr2RMM",{"json":60902},{"data":60903,"content":60904,"nodeType":1569},{},[60905,60911,60918,60925,60945,60948,60955,60962,60985,60992,60999,61006,61009,61016,61023,61030,61037,61044,61051,61057,61060,61067,61074,61081,61088,61091,61098,61105,61112,61119,61122,61129,61179,61222,61229,61232,61238,61245,61252,61288,61306,61312],{"data":60906,"content":60910,"nodeType":892},{"target":60907},{"sys":60908},{"id":60909,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5Q1ArknoDbg1ubMHy7rBFH",[],{"data":60912,"content":60913,"nodeType":883},{},[60914],{"data":60915,"marks":60916,"value":60917,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push was born out of a simple but urgent realization: Identity has become the new battleground in cybersecurity. ",{"data":60919,"content":60920,"nodeType":883},{},[60921],{"data":60922,"marks":60923,"value":60924,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As attackers take advantage of the massive changes to enterprise IT and working practices spurred on by the pandemic, we’re seeing the limitations of conventional controls exposed. And as attackers realize this, they’re doubling down on identity exploitation.",{"data":60926,"content":60927,"nodeType":883},{},[60928,60932,60941],{"data":60929,"marks":60930,"value":60931,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That urgency only intensified following the ",{"data":60933,"content":60934,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[60935],{"data":60936,"marks":60937,"value":60940,"nodeType":867},{},[60938,60939],{"type":876},{"type":910},"Snowflake breach in the summer of 2024",{"data":60942,"marks":60943,"value":60944,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which put the spotlight on how vulnerable internet-facing identities really are. For many security teams, it was a wake-up call — while for attackers, it was a feeding frenzy. ",{"data":60946,"content":60947,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":60949,"content":60950,"nodeType":912},{},[60951],{"data":60952,"marks":60953,"value":60954,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers aren’t hacking in, they’re logging in  ",{"data":60956,"content":60957,"nodeType":883},{},[60958],{"data":60959,"marks":60960,"value":60961,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identity is the new route of least resistance for attackers. They have developed TTPs to bypass traditional controls, evade detection and execute attacks faster than defenders can respond:",{"data":60963,"content":60964,"nodeType":1526},{},[60965,60975],{"data":60966,"content":60967,"nodeType":1505},{},[60968],{"data":60969,"content":60970,"nodeType":883},{},[60971],{"data":60972,"marks":60973,"value":60974,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing attacks are reliably bypassing preventative controls like MFA, and predominantly email- and network-based detection tools.",{"data":60976,"content":60977,"nodeType":1505},{},[60978],{"data":60979,"content":60980,"nodeType":883},{},[60981],{"data":60982,"marks":60983,"value":60984,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers are leveraging compromised credentials at scale to take over accounts on business apps over the internet, fed by (and feeding) a vicious cycle of data breaches.",{"data":60986,"content":60987,"nodeType":883},{},[60988],{"data":60989,"marks":60990,"value":60991,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These attacks aren’t new. Things like phishing are amongst the oldest tricks in the book. But people are waking up to how sophisticated these attacks are becoming — and how much the change in business IT has undermined and exposed traditional controls.  ",{"data":60993,"content":60994,"nodeType":883},{},[60995],{"data":60996,"marks":60997,"value":60998,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s not surprising that attackers are shifting their focus away from the well-defended endpoint and network environments they’ve focused on in the last decade or so to take advantage. ",{"data":61000,"content":61001,"nodeType":883},{},[61002],{"data":61003,"marks":61004,"value":61005,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is the problem my co-founders and I resolved to solve when we started this crazy journey. We’d been on the frontline of this threat evolution throughout our careers, first as ethical hackers tasked with breaking into the most secure companies in the world, and then turning these skills to keeping the bad guys out. We were convinced that this was the way the wind was blowing (even if most of our peers didn’t quite believe us yet!). ",{"data":61007,"content":61008,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":61010,"content":61011,"nodeType":912},{},[61012],{"data":61013,"marks":61014,"value":61015,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern problems require modern solutions",{"data":61017,"content":61018,"nodeType":883},{},[61019],{"data":61020,"marks":61021,"value":61022,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If identity is the new perimeter, then the browser is effectively the new Operating System — the place where users are working, and where the apps they’re using to do their jobs are running. ",{"data":61024,"content":61025,"nodeType":883},{},[61026],{"data":61027,"marks":61028,"value":61029,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We knew that unlocking the power of the browser was the key to solving identity security. I’m so proud to be able to say that we built the world’s first browser-based identity security platform, and being in the browser has been fundamental to what we’ve been able to achieve. ",{"data":61031,"content":61032,"nodeType":883},{},[61033],{"data":61034,"marks":61035,"value":61036,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Immediately, we found the level of accuracy on identity data to be far superior to the alternatives such as API (limited to the apps you know about and impeded by the nuances of APIs) and email (flooded with false positives). By observing identities in real time as users logged into apps, we could build a picture of the entire identity surface — even for unmanaged, previously unknown apps. It was a game changer for us. ",{"data":61038,"content":61039,"nodeType":883},{},[61040],{"data":61041,"marks":61042,"value":61043,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Then, we turned our attention to shutting down attacks. We found unique ways to detect, intercept, and block phishing pages in real time, which has seen us detect previously unseen phishing kits the first time they’re used. If you understand how phishing blocklists typically work, you’ll know how much of a game changer this is — no more waiting for a victim to report (or fall victim) before you can take action. ",{"data":61045,"content":61046,"nodeType":883},{},[61047],{"data":61048,"marks":61049,"value":61050,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We also harnessed our data to automatically verify where employees are using stolen credentials, finding the needle in the haystack where a compromised credential in millions of lines of an infostealer log matches the real, valid credential your employee is using — on one of hundreds of apps in your estate. ",{"data":61052,"content":61056,"nodeType":892},{"target":61053},{"sys":61054},{"id":61055,"type":889,"linkType":890},"Wvc3s8CnI9W7qoZdaCDOv",[],{"data":61058,"content":61059,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":61061,"content":61062,"nodeType":912},{},[61063],{"data":61064,"marks":61065,"value":61066,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Staying ahead of attackers",{"data":61068,"content":61069,"nodeType":883},{},[61070],{"data":61071,"marks":61072,"value":61073,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Research is at the heart of everything we do at Push — it’s our heritage. That background gives us an edge when it comes to identifying how attackers think, and more importantly, how to stop them. This new funding allows us to invest heavily in staying ahead of those threats, pairing our R&D with our product roadmap to ensure the features we build are prioritized by the impact they’ll have on securing our customers. ",{"data":61075,"content":61076,"nodeType":883},{},[61077],{"data":61078,"marks":61079,"value":61080,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Right now, the best place to detect and respond to these attacks is in the browser, the place where work happens and identities are accessed — and where attackers are targeting their victims. ",{"data":61082,"content":61083,"nodeType":883},{},[61084],{"data":61085,"marks":61086,"value":61087,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But honestly, if there came a time when this wasn’t the case anymore, we’d follow the attacker to wherever they go next. We’re not here to build shelfware, we’re here to make a real difference for defenders — and make attackers’ lives much harder. ",{"data":61089,"content":61090,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":61092,"content":61093,"nodeType":912},{},[61094],{"data":61095,"marks":61096,"value":61097,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Supporting security teams where they are today",{"data":61099,"content":61100,"nodeType":883},{},[61101],{"data":61102,"marks":61103,"value":61104,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we started Push, identity threats weren’t yet top of mind for many companies. And understandably, there was a healthy degree of skepticism when we set out to leverage the browser. It was uncharted territory for security professionals. ",{"data":61106,"content":61107,"nodeType":883},{},[61108],{"data":61109,"marks":61110,"value":61111,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But I like to think we’ve proven its value — and we’re barely scratching the surface of what’s possible.",{"data":61113,"content":61114,"nodeType":883},{},[61115],{"data":61116,"marks":61117,"value":61118,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With this new funding, we’ll continue to meet that demand with an even more powerful platform, stronger customer support, and deeper integrations that allow security teams to do more, faster.  I can’t wait to show you what we’ve got planned next. ",{"data":61120,"content":61121,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":61123,"content":61124,"nodeType":912},{},[61125],{"data":61126,"marks":61127,"value":61128,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Thank you to our investors and customers",{"data":61130,"content":61131,"nodeType":883},{},[61132,61136,61141,61145,61150,61153,61158,61162,61167,61170,61175],{"data":61133,"marks":61134,"value":61135,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re incredibly grateful to our Series B lead investor, ",{"data":61137,"marks":61138,"value":61140,"nodeType":867},{},[61139],{"type":910},"Redpoint Ventures",{"data":61142,"marks":61143,"value":61144,"nodeType":867},{},[]," with participation from ",{"data":61146,"marks":61147,"value":61149,"nodeType":867},{},[61148],{"type":910},"Datadog Ventures",{"data":61151,"marks":61152,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":61154,"marks":61155,"value":61157,"nodeType":867},{},[61156],{"type":910},"B3 Capital ",{"data":61159,"marks":61160,"value":61161,"nodeType":867},{},[],"– all new investors in this round – and to our returning partners at ",{"data":61163,"marks":61164,"value":61166,"nodeType":867},{},[61165],{"type":910},"Decibel",{"data":61168,"marks":61169,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":61171,"marks":61172,"value":61174,"nodeType":867},{},[61173],{"type":910},"Alphabet’s Google Ventures",{"data":61176,"marks":61177,"value":61178,"nodeType":867},{},[],", along with angel investors who have backed us since the beginning. I truly believe that we have the ultimate combination in partners and advisors who have been at the forefront of scaling transformative technology and cybersecurity companies that will be integral in driving us forward.",{"data":61180,"content":61181,"nodeType":883},{},[61182,61186,61191,61195,61200,61209,61213,61218],{"data":61183,"marks":61184,"value":61185,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A special thank you to ",{"data":61187,"marks":61188,"value":61190,"nodeType":867},{},[61189],{"type":910},"Erica Brescia and Jordan Segall at Redpoint ",{"data":61192,"marks":61193,"value":61194,"nodeType":867},{},[],"— your deep understanding of the security industry, your belief in our team and the problem we’re solving, and your support as we scale mean everything. And to our independent investors ",{"data":61196,"marks":61197,"value":61199,"nodeType":867},{},[61198],{"type":910},"Jon Oberheide, Dug Song, Geoff Belknap, Royal Hansen, Haroon Meer, Ollie Whitehouse, ",{"data":61201,"content":61203,"nodeType":878},{"uri":61202},"https://pushsecurity.com/about/#investors",[61204],{"data":61205,"marks":61206,"value":61208,"nodeType":867},{},[61207],{"type":876},"and others",{"data":61210,"marks":61211,"value":61212,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as well as the teams at ",{"data":61214,"marks":61215,"value":61217,"nodeType":867},{},[61216],{"type":910},"Google Ventures, Decibel, and Datadog",{"data":61219,"marks":61220,"value":61221,"nodeType":867},{},[],": thank you for your trust, your insights, and your commitment to building the future of identity security together. We really couldn’t have done it without you. ",{"data":61223,"content":61224,"nodeType":883},{},[61225],{"data":61226,"marks":61227,"value":61228,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To our customers: thank you for trusting us. To our team: thank you for building something bold. To our investors: thank you for believing in what’s next.",{"data":61230,"content":61231,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":61233,"content":61234,"nodeType":912},{},[61235],{"data":61236,"marks":61237,"value":2402,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":61239,"content":61240,"nodeType":883},{},[61241],{"data":61242,"marks":61243,"value":61244,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re focused on speed: faster response to emerging threats, faster product innovation, and faster time to value for the security teams we serve. Our vision has always been to empower people, not just protect them — to guide users toward secure decisions and help security teams operate with clarity and confidence.",{"data":61246,"content":61247,"nodeType":883},{},[61248],{"data":61249,"marks":61250,"value":61251,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This Series B isn’t just fuel for the fire — it’s the start of a whole new chapter. Let’s build something iconic, together. ✌️ ",{"data":61253,"content":61254,"nodeType":883},{},[61255,61260,61270,61274,61284],{"data":61256,"marks":61257,"value":61259,"nodeType":867},{},[61258],{"type":910},"To learn more about our mission and technology, follow us on ",{"data":61261,"content":61263,"nodeType":878},{"uri":61262},"https://www.linkedin.com/company/push-security",[61264],{"data":61265,"marks":61266,"value":61269,"nodeType":867},{},[61267,61268],{"type":876},{"type":910},"LinkedIn",{"data":61271,"marks":61272,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[61273],{"type":910},{"data":61275,"content":61277,"nodeType":878},{"uri":61276},"https://twitter.com/PushSecurity",[61278],{"data":61279,"marks":61280,"value":61283,"nodeType":867},{},[61281,61282],{"type":876},{"type":910},"X",{"data":61285,"marks":61286,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[61287],{"type":910},{"data":61289,"content":61290,"nodeType":883},{},[61291,61294,61303],{"data":61292,"marks":61293,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":61295,"content":61297,"nodeType":878},{"uri":61296},"https://pushsecurity.com/news/push-security-secures-30-million-series-b-funding",[61298],{"data":61299,"marks":61300,"value":61302,"nodeType":867},{},[61301],{"type":910},"Find out more in the press release. ",{"data":61304,"marks":61305,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":61307,"content":61311,"nodeType":892},{"target":61308},{"sys":61309},{"id":61310,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2gUjr6XIcEDVEqZtxG71aV",[],{"data":61313,"content":61314,"nodeType":883},{},[61315],{"data":61316,"marks":61317,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Series B and Beyond: Securing the New Perimeter","I’m thrilled to share that Push Security has raised our Series B funding. This is a huge moment for us and our customers in the fight against identity attacks. ","2025-04-24T00:00:00.000Z","series-b-and-beyond",{"items":61323},[61324],{"sys":61325,"name":61327},{"id":61326},"4EtskIWlj3SOH3UHbFR8uG","Company news",{"items":61329},[61330],{"fullName":61331,"firstName":61332,"jobTitle":61333,"profilePicture":61334},"Adam Bateman","Adam","Co-founder / CEO",{"url":61335},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3Bt9feB72kxdWlS0hvpldi/904bdb8b20d98e53c574f8be2f60996b/Push_Founders_at_Cahoots_October_28_2022_by_Doug_Coombe-20.jpg",{"__typename":1670,"sys":61337,"content":61339,"title":61493,"synopsis":61494,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":61495,"slug":61496,"tagsCollection":61497,"authorsCollection":61501},{"id":61338},"7yvGkRGcpQcS7wYfH3xA17",{"json":61340},{"data":61341,"content":61342,"nodeType":1569},{},[61343,61350,61366,61373,61380,61387,61394,61401,61417,61424,61449,61468,61475],{"data":61344,"content":61345,"nodeType":883},{},[61346],{"data":61347,"marks":61348,"value":61349,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Over the course of my career, I have had the chance to work with some incredible teams at places like Proofpoint and CrowdStrike, both of which were trailblazers in protecting clients from advanced adversary attacks. As I take on this new role at Push Security, I am excited to be joining another team where the foresight into how cyber attacks are evolving is front and center. As attackers shift to infiltrating organizations via user identities, Push is meeting that shift by pioneering a new approach in the identity threat detection and response (ITDR) space, with browser-based identity protection. ",{"data":61351,"content":61352,"nodeType":883},{},[61353,61357,61362],{"data":61354,"marks":61355,"value":61356,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When I first sat down with our CEO Adam Bateman and heard his vision, it was clear to me that Push recognizes that attacks are evolving and the bad actors have set their sights on the new perimeter – identity. Recent attacks making headlines, like the Snowflake incident over the summer, make it clear that cyber attacks are fundamentally changing. It’s a bit of a cliche, but hackers don’t hack in anymore, they",{"data":61358,"marks":61359,"value":61361,"nodeType":867},{},[61360],{"type":2278}," log in",{"data":61363,"marks":61364,"value":61365,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Push is at the forefront of tackling this problem in a way that no one else is addressing. Our approach to browser telemetry is a game-changer in the way we can approach and defend against identity attacks.",{"data":61367,"content":61368,"nodeType":921},{},[61369],{"data":61370,"marks":61371,"value":61372,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Legacy ITDR-aligned solutions feel like bolt-ons, not true problem solvers",{"data":61374,"content":61375,"nodeType":883},{},[61376],{"data":61377,"marks":61378,"value":61379,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Talking with industry friends and advisors before taking this new role confirmed what I believe: that Push has the potential to drive a much-needed evolution in identity security. The modern ITDR space is still relatively early, with many pain points around the blind spots of existing tools and a less-than-satisfactory state of SaaS logging, leaving many security teams in the dark. ",{"data":61381,"content":61382,"nodeType":883},{},[61383],{"data":61384,"marks":61385,"value":61386,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a world dominated by vendors who have lost focus on providing best-of-breed features designed for specific problems in favor of very broad product portfolios that try to solve everything-everywhere-all-at-once, ITDR is not yet a problem space that is being adequately served by traditional vendors and tools. ",{"data":61388,"content":61389,"nodeType":883},{},[61390],{"data":61391,"marks":61392,"value":61393,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push Security’s unique solution has the power to move the industry forward in ways that could set new standards for gathering deeper data on these attacks, as well as responding and intercepting them as they happen – just as EDR did a decade ago.",{"data":61395,"content":61396,"nodeType":883},{},[61397],{"data":61398,"marks":61399,"value":61400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When I joined Proofpoint, I decided to leave my desk behind to carry a bag and get on the road. 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",{"data":63388,"content":63389,"nodeType":883},{},[63390],{"data":63391,"marks":63392,"value":63393,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The impacted accounts lacked MFA, meaning successful authentication only required a valid username and password. As the Snowflake credentials found in infostealer malware credential dumps had not been rotated or updated, they remained valid and could be used to authenticate to user accounts on Snowflake tenants belonging to various customers.",{"data":63395,"content":63396,"nodeType":883},{},[63397],{"data":63398,"marks":63399,"value":63400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a data warehousing platform integrated with a range of connected cloud services, access to a customer’s Snowflake tenant provided attackers with large quantities of sensitive commercial and personal data that could be stolen and monetized by attackers in a variety of ways — such as by ransoming the victim organization, extorting individual end-customers, and selling the data on to other criminal organizations. ",{"data":63402,"content":63403,"nodeType":883},{},[63404],{"data":63405,"marks":63406,"value":63407,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In total, 9 public victims were named following the breach, collectively impacting hundreds of millions of people. ",{"data":63409,"content":63410,"nodeType":1526},{},[63411,63421,63431,63441,63451,63461,63471,63481,63491],{"data":63412,"content":63413,"nodeType":1505},{},[63414],{"data":63415,"content":63416,"nodeType":883},{},[63417],{"data":63418,"marks":63419,"value":63420,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Lending Tree: Sensitive data for over 190 million people available online including customer details, partial credit card numbers, insurance quotes and other information, being sold for $2m.",{"data":63422,"content":63423,"nodeType":1505},{},[63424],{"data":63425,"content":63426,"nodeType":883},{},[63427],{"data":63428,"marks":63429,"value":63430,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Truist Bank: Information belonging to 65,000 employees being sold online for $1m",{"data":63432,"content":63433,"nodeType":1505},{},[63434],{"data":63435,"content":63436,"nodeType":883},{},[63437],{"data":63438,"marks":63439,"value":63440,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Advance Auto Parts: 3TB of data for sale for $1.5 million. Affected 2.3 million people, as well as current and former employees and job applicants.",{"data":63442,"content":63443,"nodeType":1505},{},[63444],{"data":63445,"content":63446,"nodeType":883},{},[63447],{"data":63448,"marks":63449,"value":63450,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pure Storage: Workspace with 11k customer records including company, email, LDAP username and software version numbers.",{"data":63452,"content":63453,"nodeType":1505},{},[63454],{"data":63455,"content":63456,"nodeType":883},{},[63457],{"data":63458,"marks":63459,"value":63460,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Los Angeles Unified: Student data, disability information, discipline details, and parent information, being sold online for $150k.",{"data":63462,"content":63463,"nodeType":1505},{},[63464],{"data":63465,"content":63466,"nodeType":883},{},[63467],{"data":63468,"marks":63469,"value":63470,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Neiman Marcus: 31m email addresses exposed alongside various personal information.",{"data":63472,"content":63473,"nodeType":1505},{},[63474],{"data":63475,"content":63476,"nodeType":883},{},[63477],{"data":63478,"marks":63479,"value":63480,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Santander: 30 million customer details for sale relating to customers of Santander Chile, Spain, and Uruguay.",{"data":63482,"content":63483,"nodeType":1505},{},[63484],{"data":63485,"content":63486,"nodeType":883},{},[63487],{"data":63488,"marks":63489,"value":63490,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ticketmaster: 560 million customer details for sale, disruption to events and ticketing worldwide, increasing in scam ticket production.",{"data":63492,"content":63493,"nodeType":1505},{},[63494],{"data":63495,"content":63496,"nodeType":883},{},[63497],{"data":63498,"marks":63499,"value":63500,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AT&T: Call logs stolen for approximately 109 million customers (nearly all of its mobile customers). AT&T paid an undisclosed ransom fee. ",{"data":63502,"content":63503,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":63505,"content":63506,"nodeType":912},{},[63507],{"data":63508,"marks":63509,"value":63511,"nodeType":867},{},[63510],{"type":910},"The Snowflake attacks step-by-step",{"data":63513,"content":63514,"nodeType":1526},{},[63515,63525,63535,63545,63555,63565,63575,63585],{"data":63516,"content":63517,"nodeType":1505},{},[63518],{"data":63519,"content":63520,"nodeType":883},{},[63521],{"data":63522,"marks":63523,"value":63524,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Snowflake users were infected with infostealer malware that harvested credentials from user devices over an extended period via several infostealer malware variants, including; VIDAR, RISEPRO, REDLINE, RACOON STEALER, LUMMA and METASTEALER.",{"data":63526,"content":63527,"nodeType":1505},{},[63528],{"data":63529,"content":63530,"nodeType":883},{},[63531],{"data":63532,"marks":63533,"value":63534,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Credentials appeared on criminal marketplaces e.g. dark web forums and Telegram channels.",{"data":63536,"content":63537,"nodeType":1505},{},[63538],{"data":63539,"content":63540,"nodeType":883},{},[63541],{"data":63542,"marks":63543,"value":63544,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ShinyHunters saw the potential in targeting Snowflake users, based on the availability of credentials, number of customer organizations, and the value of the data that can be accessed in Snowflake. ",{"data":63546,"content":63547,"nodeType":1505},{},[63548],{"data":63549,"content":63550,"nodeType":883},{},[63551],{"data":63552,"marks":63553,"value":63554,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ShinyHunters embarked on a large-scale campaign targeting Snowflake customer accounts using previously breached credentials. ",{"data":63556,"content":63557,"nodeType":1505},{},[63558],{"data":63559,"content":63560,"nodeType":883},{},[63561],{"data":63562,"marks":63563,"value":63564,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ShinyHunters accessed user accounts that lacked MFA, belonging to approximately 165 Snowflake customers. ",{"data":63566,"content":63567,"nodeType":1505},{},[63568],{"data":63569,"content":63570,"nodeType":883},{},[63571],{"data":63572,"marks":63573,"value":63574,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ShinyHunters used SQL-based reconnaissance, staging, and data exfiltration techniques, expedited by custom hacker tooling developed specifically for Snowflake, to conduct attacks at scale.",{"data":63576,"content":63577,"nodeType":1505},{},[63578],{"data":63579,"content":63580,"nodeType":883},{},[63581],{"data":63582,"marks":63583,"value":63584,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ShinyHunters acquired massive quantities of Snowflake data based on the information that each customer stored in Snowflake or connected apps. ",{"data":63586,"content":63587,"nodeType":1505},{},[63588],{"data":63589,"content":63590,"nodeType":883},{},[63591],{"data":63592,"marks":63593,"value":63594,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ShinyHunters began attempts to extort Snowflake and end-customers using the data acquired.",{"data":63596,"content":63600,"nodeType":892},{"target":63597},{"sys":63598},{"id":63599,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2J92gFLs1wAAGC4nQTaiWu",[],{"data":63602,"content":63603,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":63605,"content":63606,"nodeType":912},{},[63607],{"data":63608,"marks":63609,"value":63611,"nodeType":867},{},[63610],{"type":910},"Why did the Snowflake breaches happen?",{"data":63613,"content":63614,"nodeType":921},{},[63615],{"data":63616,"marks":63617,"value":63619,"nodeType":867},{},[63618],{"type":910},"Stolen credentials remained valid for years",{"data":63621,"content":63622,"nodeType":883},{},[63623],{"data":63624,"marks":63625,"value":63626,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The credentials used to access Snowflake accounts from historical infostealer infections had not been changed or rotated despite dating back as far as 2020, and remained valid. ",{"data":63628,"content":63629,"nodeType":883},{},[63630],{"data":63631,"marks":63632,"value":63633,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This highlights the potential risk of breached credentials already in the public domain, particularly in the case of cloud services like Snowflake that may not be subject to the same levels of credential hygiene as other traditional enterprise domain accounts. ",{"data":63635,"content":63636,"nodeType":921},{},[63637],{"data":63638,"marks":63639,"value":63641,"nodeType":867},{},[63640],{"type":910},"Local logins lacked MFA ",{"data":63643,"content":63644,"nodeType":883},{},[63645,63649,63656],{"data":63646,"marks":63647,"value":63648,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even where organizations were primarily encouraging employees to use SSO to access their Snowflake tenant, previously created local logins with a username and password continue to exist even after introducing SSO-based logins. Further, MFA was not globally enforceable at the application level, meaning that MFA was only set when logging into an IdP account for SSO, but not for local logins. We call this problem ",{"data":63650,"content":63651,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19974},[63652],{"data":63653,"marks":63654,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[63655],{"type":876},{"data":63657,"marks":63658,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":63660,"content":63661,"nodeType":883},{},[63662],{"data":63663,"marks":63664,"value":63665,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This meant that attackers were able to take over Snowflake accounts with only a single authentication factor (username & password). ",{"data":63667,"content":63668,"nodeType":921},{},[63669],{"data":63670,"marks":63671,"value":63673,"nodeType":867},{},[63672],{"type":910},"Snowflake was a high-value target used by many organizations",{"data":63675,"content":63676,"nodeType":883},{},[63677],{"data":63678,"marks":63679,"value":63680,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a data warehousing platform used by a vast number of organizations, Snowflake represented a high-value target based on the data typically stored within it, and the repeatable way in which Snowflake users could be targeted. ",{"data":63682,"content":63683,"nodeType":883},{},[63684],{"data":63685,"marks":63686,"value":63687,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker followed a near identical process when targeting Snowflake victims, meaning it could be scripted and executed at scale, with attacks taking a matter of minutes. ",{"data":63689,"content":63690,"nodeType":921},{},[63691],{"data":63692,"marks":63693,"value":63695,"nodeType":867},{},[63694],{"type":910},"Infostealer infections are driving credential availability",{"data":63697,"content":63698,"nodeType":883},{},[63699],{"data":63700,"marks":63701,"value":63702,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers are often seen as a low-priority issue, but are the primary source of stolen credentials used in campaigns like this one. ",{"data":63704,"content":63705,"nodeType":883},{},[63706],{"data":63707,"marks":63708,"value":63709,"nodeType":867},{},[],"EDR is a strong protection but is often bypassed by infostealers as attackers continually modify them to bypass security controls. Further, unmanaged devices such as those used by third-party contractors or BYOD employees often lack the robust controls applied to company-managed devices and are naturally more susceptible to infostealer attacks. And since browser profiles can be synced across devices, even personal device compromises can result in the capture of corporate credentials.  ",{"data":63711,"content":63712,"nodeType":883},{},[63713,63717,63726],{"data":63714,"marks":63715,"value":63716,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is some suggestion that targeting key third-party suppliers – ",{"data":63718,"content":63720,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63719},"https://www.wired.com/story/epam-snowflake-ticketmaster-breach-shinyhunters/",[63721],{"data":63722,"marks":63723,"value":63725,"nodeType":867},{},[63724],{"type":876},"such as EPAM Systems, a software engineering firm and Snowflake ‘Elite Tier Partner’",{"data":63727,"marks":63728,"value":63729,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – provided some of the access to Snowflake customers needed. It’s unclear what came first, but it’s possible (likely, even) that EPAM was identified as a target specifically because of its lucrative customer base and Snowflake credentials — adding another indicator that Snowflake was potentially a premeditated attack inspired by the availability of Snowflake credentials online.",{"data":63731,"content":63735,"nodeType":892},{"target":63732},{"sys":63733},{"id":63734,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4D0gjt5oJLNKJH8GzjP8Je",[],{"data":63737,"content":63738,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":63740,"content":63741,"nodeType":912},{},[63742],{"data":63743,"marks":63744,"value":63746,"nodeType":867},{},[63745],{"type":910},"Key takeaways from the Snowflake attacks",{"data":63748,"content":63749,"nodeType":921},{},[63750],{"data":63751,"marks":63752,"value":63754,"nodeType":867},{},[63753],{"type":910},"Securing your IdP accounts is not enough",{"data":63756,"content":63757,"nodeType":883},{},[63758],{"data":63759,"marks":63760,"value":63761,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO can help reduce your identity attack surface, but it's not feasible to get every workforce identity behind it.",{"data":63763,"content":63764,"nodeType":1526},{},[63765,63787,63808,63842],{"data":63766,"content":63767,"nodeType":1505},{},[63768],{"data":63769,"content":63770,"nodeType":883},{},[63771,63775,63783],{"data":63772,"marks":63773,"value":63774,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Only 1 in 3 apps support SAML SSO, and those that offer it often charge more for it; the “",{"data":63776,"content":63778,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63777},"https://ssotax.org/",[63779],{"data":63780,"marks":63781,"value":58962,"nodeType":867},{},[63782],{"type":876},{"data":63784,"marks":63785,"value":63786,"nodeType":867},{},[],"”.",{"data":63788,"content":63789,"nodeType":1505},{},[63790],{"data":63791,"content":63792,"nodeType":883},{},[63793,63797,63805],{"data":63794,"marks":63795,"value":63796,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many apps are self-adopted by employees, leaving security teams unaware and unable to enforce SSO.  The typical organization has ",{"data":63798,"content":63799,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[63800],{"data":63801,"marks":63802,"value":63804,"nodeType":867},{},[63803],{"type":876},"hundreds of apps and thousands of unmanaged identities outside of SSO",{"data":63806,"marks":63807,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":63809,"content":63810,"nodeType":1505},{},[63811],{"data":63812,"content":63813,"nodeType":883},{},[63814,63818,63825,63829,63838],{"data":63815,"marks":63816,"value":63817,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most apps do not prevent users from creating additional \"",{"data":63819,"content":63820,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19974},[63821],{"data":63822,"marks":63823,"value":19980,"nodeType":867},{},[63824],{"type":876},{"data":63826,"marks":63827,"value":63828,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\" methods outside of SSO (especially by default), accounting for around ",{"data":63830,"content":63832,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63831},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/#id-identity-configurations-and-how-they-can-be-exploited_id-many-accounts-lack-the-most-basic-protections",[63833],{"data":63834,"marks":63835,"value":63837,"nodeType":867},{},[63836],{"type":876},"10% of all identities",{"data":63839,"marks":63840,"value":63841,"nodeType":867},{},[]," observed by Push. ",{"data":63843,"content":63844,"nodeType":1505},{},[63845],{"data":63846,"content":63847,"nodeType":883},{},[63848,63852,63860],{"data":63849,"marks":63850,"value":63851,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In total, we identified that ",{"data":63853,"content":63854,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[63855],{"data":63856,"marks":63857,"value":63859,"nodeType":867},{},[63858],{"type":876},"37% (2 in 5) accounts have a password login set with no MFA",{"data":63861,"marks":63862,"value":63863,"nodeType":867},{},[],", while 9% have no MFA AND a weak, breached, or reused password.",{"data":63865,"content":63866,"nodeType":883},{},[63867],{"data":63868,"marks":63869,"value":63870,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, relying on locked-down IdP accounts and maximising the use of SSO is an important pillar of an effective identity security strategy, but there will always be gaps. Unless you recognize this, you may be blindsided by attackers finding them before you do. ",{"data":63872,"content":63873,"nodeType":921},{},[63874],{"data":63875,"marks":63876,"value":63878,"nodeType":867},{},[63877],{"type":910},"The threat of infostealers and stolen credentials needs to be taken seriously",{"data":63880,"content":63881,"nodeType":883},{},[63882],{"data":63883,"marks":63884,"value":63885,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Breached credentials appearing online is not always seen as a top priority for security teams, particularly when there’s so much noise from all of the outdated or simply erroneous findings (anyone that’s ever subscribed to a credential TI feed knows the pain of this). ",{"data":63887,"content":63888,"nodeType":883},{},[63889],{"data":63890,"marks":63891,"value":63892,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But Snowflake serves as a stark reminder that despite all the false positives, stolen credentials are sometimes valid — and when weaponized at-scale they can be a powerful tool for attackers. ",{"data":63894,"content":63898,"nodeType":892},{"target":63895},{"sys":63896},{"id":63897,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4EODpwKsqNivpvP2yMtZCd",[],{"data":63900,"content":63901,"nodeType":921},{},[63902],{"data":63903,"marks":63904,"value":63906,"nodeType":867},{},[63905],{"type":910},"Don’t rely on third-parties to protect your identities for you",{"data":63908,"content":63909,"nodeType":883},{},[63910],{"data":63911,"marks":63912,"value":63913,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Snowflake came under fire following the attacks for not enabling MFA by default, or giving security teams sufficient tools to deal with the incident. ",{"data":63915,"content":63916,"nodeType":883},{},[63917],{"data":63918,"marks":63919,"value":63920,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is perhaps justifiable, but is hardly the exception. Very few apps enforce MFA by default or provide a global MFA enforcement mechanism. Most don’t even provide audit logs (and when they do, the scope of logging is pretty limited). And we regularly encounter apps that don’t give you any information about account configuration as an admin — like which accounts have MFA, or the login methods that they’re using (e.g. SSO via SAML, SSO via OIDC, password, which IdPs are being used…) which is essential information to be able to secure your identity attack surface. ",{"data":63922,"content":63923,"nodeType":883},{},[63924],{"data":63925,"marks":63926,"value":63927,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Yes, it would be great if app vendors put security first and made controls available by default, for all customers (not just the premium ones). But in the absence of an industrywide shift toward security-first product development, it’s important that organizations don’t just point the finger at service providers — and take matters into their own hands when it comes to securing their user identities. ",{"data":63929,"content":63930,"nodeType":921},{},[63931],{"data":63932,"marks":63933,"value":63935,"nodeType":867},{},[63934],{"type":910},"This isn’t a specific Snowflake problem — it could have been any application",{"data":63937,"content":63938,"nodeType":883},{},[63939],{"data":63940,"marks":63941,"value":63942,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While Snowflake was admittedly a high-value target because of the data it collected, apps with sensitive data (or with integrations connecting them to data collected in adjacent apps) are not in short supply. ",{"data":63944,"content":63945,"nodeType":883},{},[63946],{"data":63947,"marks":63948,"value":63949,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If we accept that many other apps are similarly desirable targets, then we should also consider that it’s unlikely that Snowflake is the only app that has valid credentials sitting around on the internet, waiting to be weaponized by criminals. Equally, it’s not the only app that doesn’t require mandatory MFA for user accounts, as we discussed above. The next Snowflake is likely to lurk in the same breached datasets, possibly even using the same credentials.",{"data":63951,"content":63952,"nodeType":883},{},[63953],{"data":63954,"marks":63955,"value":63956,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s been a clear increase in the number of infostealer and stolen credential related breaches and news stories since Snowflake as attackers wise up to the potential opportunity and start seeing the dollar signs. It would be naive to think that this was a one off event — the next Snowflake is probably not too far away. ",{"data":63958,"content":63959,"nodeType":883},{},[63960],{"data":63961,"marks":63962,"value":63963,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For a deep-dive analysis of the impact of Snowflake, check out our on-demand webinar from earlier this year.",{"data":63965,"content":63969,"nodeType":892},{"target":63966},{"sys":63967},{"id":63968,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7LkU5DqE9HJ1PQu9BTg6Mw",[],{"data":63971,"content":63972,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":63974,"content":63975,"nodeType":912},{},[63976],{"data":63977,"marks":63978,"value":63980,"nodeType":867},{},[63979],{"type":910},"How to protect yourself from the next Snowflake using Push",{"data":63982,"content":63983,"nodeType":883},{},[63984],{"data":63985,"marks":63986,"value":63987,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations looking to reduce their exposure to account takeover using stolen credentials should look to:",{"data":63989,"content":63990,"nodeType":1526},{},[63991,64001,64011],{"data":63992,"content":63993,"nodeType":1505},{},[63994],{"data":63995,"content":63996,"nodeType":883},{},[63997],{"data":63998,"marks":63999,"value":64000,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identify the apps being used across the business and locate vulnerable workforce identities using weak, breached, or reused credentials, and missing MFA. Where SSO is the preferred login method, local username & password logins should ideally be removed. ",{"data":64002,"content":64003,"nodeType":1505},{},[64004],{"data":64005,"content":64006,"nodeType":883},{},[64007],{"data":64008,"marks":64009,"value":64010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Where credentials appear in third-party data breaches, verify where they are still valid and ensure that the credentials are changed. ",{"data":64012,"content":64013,"nodeType":1505},{},[64014],{"data":64015,"content":64016,"nodeType":883},{},[64017],{"data":64018,"marks":64019,"value":64020,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect unauthorized access to workforce identities where sessions are initiated or resumed from unusual or unexpected locations. It should be noted that while this is a fairly common feature for larger enterprise cloud platforms with configurable access control policies, this is not typically possible for most SaaS applications.  ",{"data":64022,"content":64023,"nodeType":883},{},[64024],{"data":64025,"marks":64026,"value":64027,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All of these use cases can be achieved using Push. The Push browser extension detects all logins performed in employee browsers, capturing granular information about the login method and MFA types used, and enriching this data by integrating with your preferred IdP.",{"data":64029,"content":64030,"nodeType":883},{},[64031,64035,64043],{"data":64032,"marks":64033,"value":64034,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push’s ",{"data":64036,"content":64038,"nodeType":878},{"uri":64037},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verified-stolen-credential-detection",[64039],{"data":64040,"marks":64041,"value":64042,"nodeType":867},{},[],"verified stolen credential detection feature",{"data":64044,"marks":64045,"value":64046,"nodeType":867},{},[]," compares a k-anonymized hash of user passwords observed with stolen credential TI feeds to cut through the noise and identify where stolen credentials appearing online represent a genuine vulnerability.   ",{"data":64048,"content":64049,"nodeType":883},{},[64050,64054,64063],{"data":64051,"marks":64052,"value":64053,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On top of this, all logins made in browsers protected by the Push extension, across every app, are verified by ",{"data":64055,"content":64057,"nodeType":878},{"uri":64056},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-session-token-theft-detection-why-browser-is-best/",[64058],{"data":64059,"marks":64060,"value":64062,"nodeType":867},{},[64061],{"type":876},"adding a unique marker to the user agent string of the session",{"data":64064,"marks":64065,"value":64066,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which will then appear in your IdP logs. This means that any session occurring outside of the Push-protected estate can be flagged to your security team via SIEM alert — including where an attacker uses stolen credentials to log into an app from a browser without the Push extension running. ",{"data":64068,"content":64072,"nodeType":892},{"target":64069},{"sys":64070},{"id":64071,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3tqVk7Vr7pYLOEVukIJM2g",[],{"data":64074,"content":64075,"nodeType":883},{},[64076],{"data":64077,"marks":64078,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Snowflake: Looking back on 2024’s landmark security event","165 Snowflake customers were targeted by criminals using stolen credentials from infostealer infections, impacting hundreds of millions of people. 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And within our first 30 minutes of testing, we were proved correct. ",{"data":64769,"content":64770,"nodeType":883},{},[64771],{"data":64772,"marks":64773,"value":64774,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s what we found. ",{"data":64776,"content":64777,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":64779,"content":64780,"nodeType":912},{},[64781],{"data":64782,"marks":64783,"value":64785,"nodeType":867},{},[64784],{"type":910},"You can automate (almost) the entire identity kill chain ",{"data":64787,"content":64788,"nodeType":883},{},[64789,64793,64800],{"data":64790,"marks":64791,"value":64792,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For our test, we looked at how Operator could be applied to identity attacks across discrete Cyber Kill Chain stages and the associated Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) as per the ",{"data":64794,"content":64795,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[64796],{"data":64797,"marks":64798,"value":39275,"nodeType":867},{},[64799],{"type":876},{"data":64801,"marks":64802,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":64804,"content":64805,"nodeType":883},{},[64806],{"data":64807,"marks":64808,"value":64809,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the key challenges facing attackers when it comes to scaling identity attacks is that of targeting many different internet apps — all of which are:",{"data":64811,"content":64812,"nodeType":1526},{},[64813,64823],{"data":64814,"content":64815,"nodeType":1505},{},[64816],{"data":64817,"content":64818,"nodeType":883},{},[64819],{"data":64820,"marks":64821,"value":64822,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Complex and highly customized, with a graphically-driven interface that is different every time.",{"data":64824,"content":64825,"nodeType":1505},{},[64826],{"data":64827,"content":64828,"nodeType":883},{},[64829],{"data":64830,"marks":64831,"value":64832,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Specifically designed to prevent malicious automation with things like account lockouts and bot protections like CAPTCHA. ",{"data":64834,"content":64835,"nodeType":883},{},[64836],{"data":64837,"marks":64838,"value":64839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a big change from traditional networks, where you could simply port scan and spray credentials, encountering the same protocols and services for every environment you wanted to target.",{"data":64841,"content":64842,"nodeType":883},{},[64843],{"data":64844,"marks":64845,"value":64846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now, every app requires custom tooling that needs to be maintained as apps/pages change. Considering that there are more than 40k SaaS apps, this is no small task. ",{"data":64848,"content":64849,"nodeType":883},{},[64850],{"data":64851,"marks":64852,"value":64853,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But we thought: could Operator solve this problem, without any custom development or tooling whatsoever? And what else can it automate following the initial account takeover? ",{"data":64855,"content":64859,"nodeType":892},{"target":64856},{"sys":64857},{"id":64858,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6169dNBRXvahtV8VRlxLCJ",[],{"data":64861,"content":64862,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":64864,"content":64865,"nodeType":912},{},[64866],{"data":64867,"marks":64868,"value":64870,"nodeType":867},{},[64869],{"type":910},"1: Reconnaissance",{"data":64872,"content":64873,"nodeType":883},{},[64874],{"data":64875,"marks":64876,"value":64877,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Recon in the world of SaaS means figuring out which SaaS apps an organization uses, how users authenticate, and where the weak spots are. ",{"data":64879,"content":64880,"nodeType":883},{},[64881],{"data":64882,"marks":64883,"value":64884,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, I asked Operator to check whether a company used BambooHR, Atlassian, or Dropbox. Within minutes, the AI had identified valid tenant names, login URLs, and authentication methods for each app.",{"data":64886,"content":64887,"nodeType":883},{},[64888],{"data":64889,"marks":64890,"value":64891,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While a human attacker might research a handful of targets in a day, a CUA can research thousands, tirelessly mapping out identity attack surfaces across a long list of target organizations.",{"data":64893,"content":64897,"nodeType":892},{"target":64894},{"sys":64895},{"id":64896,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6Bt0cyPStlzhDzMaSdBYUp",[],{"data":64899,"content":64900,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":64902,"content":64903,"nodeType":912},{},[64904],{"data":64905,"marks":64906,"value":64908,"nodeType":867},{},[64907],{"type":910},"2: Initial Access",{"data":64910,"content":64911,"nodeType":883},{},[64912],{"data":64913,"marks":64914,"value":64915,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you’ve established your targets, you can automate account takeover using compromised credentials. ",{"data":64917,"content":64918,"nodeType":883},{},[64919],{"data":64920,"marks":64921,"value":64922,"nodeType":867},{},[],"I asked Operator to try to login using a set of compromised credentials across five different apps. It navigated to each page, attempted to login, noted the success or failure (and why), and moved on to the next app in the list. ",{"data":64924,"content":64925,"nodeType":883},{},[64926],{"data":64927,"marks":64928,"value":64929,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now imagine that same process, but scaled up to tens of thousands of apps at once — with no custom development required. That’s where things start getting interesting.",{"data":64931,"content":64935,"nodeType":892},{"target":64932},{"sys":64933},{"id":64934,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6jk6hKykuvc0YAA4CkP8C2",[],{"data":64937,"content":64938,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":64940,"content":64941,"nodeType":912},{},[64942],{"data":64943,"marks":64944,"value":64946,"nodeType":867},{},[64945],{"type":910},"3: Persistence",{"data":64948,"content":64949,"nodeType":883},{},[64950],{"data":64951,"marks":64952,"value":64953,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you take over an account, you might not be able to exploit it straight away — particularly if you’re looking to execute a broader campaign across apps/organizations. So, I asked Operator to establish persistence mechanisms that would enable me to return to the app later, even if the credentials were changed or additional auth factors were deployed. ",{"data":64955,"content":64956,"nodeType":883},{},[64957],{"data":64958,"marks":64959,"value":64960,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Operator was able to analyse wildly different apps/pages with different options for configuring ghost logins, and was able to do things like create an API key and record it for me — a really effective backdoor that is extremely difficult for security teams to detect. ",{"data":64962,"content":64966,"nodeType":892},{"target":64963},{"sys":64964},{"id":64965,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6jtmxq2tMJIBga3hxdeDZs",[],{"data":64968,"content":64972,"nodeType":892},{"target":64969},{"sys":64970},{"id":64971,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5XqqCMLn0udFeoc2CQkmy6",[],{"data":64974,"content":64975,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":64977,"content":64978,"nodeType":912},{},[64979],{"data":64980,"marks":64981,"value":64983,"nodeType":867},{},[64982],{"type":910},"4: Lateral Movement",{"data":64985,"content":64986,"nodeType":883},{},[64987],{"data":64988,"marks":64989,"value":64990,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Operator can be used to perform in-app changes which can lay the groundwork for lateral movement. One example of how this can be achieved is through SAMLjacking, effectively allowing the attacker to poison the malicious app tenant and use it as a watering hole to harvest SSO credentials. ",{"data":64992,"content":64996,"nodeType":892},{"target":64993},{"sys":64994},{"id":64995,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4GTS6iIlQ0nyMfTxhXQdEg",[],{"data":64998,"content":65002,"nodeType":892},{"target":64999},{"sys":65000},{"id":65001,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5awMBkBEQPtdVNtLOYiaCL",[],{"data":65004,"content":65005,"nodeType":883},{},[65006],{"data":65007,"marks":65008,"value":65009,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SAMLjacking is just one option though — you could also do things like identifying which OAuth integrations are already enabled that could be abused to access linked apps and accounts. ",{"data":65011,"content":65012,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65014,"content":65015,"nodeType":912},{},[65016],{"data":65017,"marks":65018,"value":65020,"nodeType":867},{},[65019],{"type":910},"5: Collection & Exfiltration ",{"data":65022,"content":65023,"nodeType":883},{},[65024],{"data":65025,"marks":65026,"value":65027,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The final piece in the attack chain we looked at was the ability to automate actions-on-objectives. When targeting SaaS, this typically involves dumping app data. ",{"data":65029,"content":65030,"nodeType":883},{},[65031],{"data":65032,"marks":65033,"value":65034,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We found it would be possible to trigger things like takeout services, but this would involve an email export of the data being sent to the victim — meaning we’d need to also compromise their mailbox, and it would probably raise the alarm if noticed. ",{"data":65036,"content":65037,"nodeType":883},{},[65038],{"data":65039,"marks":65040,"value":65041,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Simply downloading the data directly doesn’t work too well with Operator either — downloads are stored in the VM and aren’t easy to extract (for now, anyway).",{"data":65043,"content":65044,"nodeType":883},{},[65045],{"data":65046,"marks":65047,"value":65048,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But this got us thinking:",{"data":65050,"content":65051,"nodeType":1526},{},[65052,65062,65072],{"data":65053,"content":65054,"nodeType":1505},{},[65055],{"data":65056,"content":65057,"nodeType":883},{},[65058],{"data":65059,"marks":65060,"value":65061,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Mass data exfiltration is more likely to raise the alarm than the sharing of sensitive data only.",{"data":65063,"content":65064,"nodeType":1505},{},[65065],{"data":65066,"content":65067,"nodeType":883},{},[65068],{"data":65069,"marks":65070,"value":65071,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Often, much of the data stolen by attackers is pretty low-value and noisy — attackers often don’t really understand the value of what they’ve taken, or how to use/leverage it (particularly when targeting organizations in specialist fields). ",{"data":65073,"content":65074,"nodeType":1505},{},[65075],{"data":65076,"content":65077,"nodeType":883},{},[65078],{"data":65079,"marks":65080,"value":65081,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So what if you could use Operator to understand the data you’ve accessed before dumping it, and stealthily take only what you’re interested in? ",{"data":65083,"content":65084,"nodeType":883},{},[65085,65089],{"data":65086,"marks":65087,"value":65088,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, w",{"data":65090,"marks":65091,"value":65092,"nodeType":867},{},[],"e asked Operator to analyse data in a compromised Google Drive and report back on what it found. It was able to trawl through looking for specific data of value and report its findings back for us to act on. ",{"data":65094,"content":65098,"nodeType":892},{"target":65095},{"sys":65096},{"id":65097,"type":889,"linkType":890},"VAb39fl1Otlj07dkbDmpU",[],{"data":65100,"content":65101,"nodeType":883},{},[65102],{"data":65103,"marks":65104,"value":65105,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At this point, we could have also asked Operator to create sharing links for those files and record them for us (in case our access was revoked in future). ",{"data":65107,"content":65108,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65110,"content":65111,"nodeType":912},{},[65112],{"data":65113,"marks":65114,"value":65116,"nodeType":867},{},[65115],{"type":910},"Evaluating Operator",{"data":65118,"content":65119,"nodeType":883},{},[65120],{"data":65121,"marks":65122,"value":65123,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Operator clearly demonstrated that it can be used to perform malicious tasks throughout the identity attack kill chain, for every site we directed it at, without requiring custom tool development. Though we didn’t conduct an exhaustive review, we were able to trivially bypass prompt restrictions. And although Operator was meant to hand back over to the user for some actions (like logging, completing CAPTCHAs, etc.) it could be convinced to perform these tasks autonomously. ",{"data":65125,"content":65126,"nodeType":883},{},[65127,65131],{"data":65128,"marks":65129,"value":65130,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s important to come back to the point that this isn’t impressive or useful because of the complexity of the tasks — on a 1:1 basis, a human operator will outperform Operator. ",{"data":65132,"marks":65133,"value":65135,"nodeType":867},{},[65134],{"type":910},"The key benefit is the ability to scale these actions across hundreds or even thousands of apps. ",{"data":65137,"content":65138,"nodeType":921},{},[65139],{"data":65140,"marks":65141,"value":65143,"nodeType":867},{},[65142],{"type":910},"The best (worst?) is still to come",{"data":65145,"content":65146,"nodeType":883},{},[65147],{"data":65148,"marks":65149,"value":65150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Yes, Operator is a bit slow at the moment, and can get confused when handling long and large tasks with complex instructions. And overall usage is capped, which might prevent attackers from scaling their identity surface discovery and exploitation infinitely (though we didn’t hit any limits during our testing). But let’s remember, it’s not even in V1 yet … ",{"data":65152,"content":65153,"nodeType":883},{},[65154],{"data":65155,"marks":65156,"value":65157,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Operator (and the underlying CUA tech) will inevitably get better. If you can integrate Operator within a tool framework to cover off some of its limitations, and orchestrate Operator windows to perform tasks simultaneously via API (functionality that exists for ChatGPT already) then this kind of CUA tech becomes something that can be very easily abused by attackers. And ultimately, competing CUA products (even inherently malicious ones) will emerge over time, increasing the scope for abuse. ",{"data":65159,"content":65160,"nodeType":883},{},[65161],{"data":65162,"marks":65163,"value":65164,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And what then? There are dual consequences:",{"data":65166,"content":65167,"nodeType":1526},{},[65168,65178],{"data":65169,"content":65170,"nodeType":1505},{},[65171],{"data":65172,"content":65173,"nodeType":883},{},[65174],{"data":65175,"marks":65176,"value":65177,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Lower skilled attackers with fewer resources will be able to harness identity attacks and exploit identity vulnerabilities at scale, with out-of-the-box capabilities.",{"data":65179,"content":65180,"nodeType":1505},{},[65181],{"data":65182,"content":65183,"nodeType":883},{},[65184],{"data":65185,"marks":65186,"value":65187,"nodeType":867},{},[],"More advanced attackers will be able to scale their operations, a bit like being a red team manager of a fleet of AI interns — they handle the grunt work while you’re freed up to perform more complex tasks, only stepping in when you need to. ",{"data":65189,"content":65190,"nodeType":3914},{},[65191],{"data":65192,"content":65193,"nodeType":883},{},[65194,65198,65203],{"data":65195,"marks":65196,"value":65197,"nodeType":867},{},[],"CUAs mean attackers can scale their operations, ",{"data":65199,"marks":65200,"value":65202,"nodeType":867},{},[65201],{"type":910},"a bit like being a red team manager of a fleet of AI interns",{"data":65204,"marks":65205,"value":65206,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — they handle the grunt work while you’re freed up to perform more complex tasks, only stepping in when you need to. ",{"data":65208,"content":65209,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65211,"content":65212,"nodeType":912},{},[65213],{"data":65214,"marks":65215,"value":65217,"nodeType":867},{},[65216],{"type":910},"The verdict",{"data":65219,"content":65220,"nodeType":883},{},[65221],{"data":65222,"marks":65223,"value":65224,"nodeType":867},{},[],"CUA technology has huge implications for the ability of attackers to discover and exploit identity vulnerabilities at-scale. ",{"data":65226,"content":65227,"nodeType":883},{},[65228,65232,65240],{"data":65229,"marks":65230,"value":65231,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The biggest impact that we identified was in terms of credential attacks — and in particular the ability of attackers to leverage compromised credentials and systemic vulnerabilities like credential reuse — which we’ve discussed in more detail ",{"data":65233,"content":65235,"nodeType":878},{"uri":65234},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-new-ai-agents-will-transform-credential-stuffing-attacks/",[65236],{"data":65237,"marks":65238,"value":65239,"nodeType":867},{},[],"in this blog post",{"data":65241,"marks":65242,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":65244,"content":65248,"nodeType":892},{"target":65245},{"sys":65246},{"id":65247,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5wczyTsTFu9VshpzxJylgX",[],{"data":65250,"content":65251,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65253,"content":65254,"nodeType":912},{},[65255],{"data":65256,"marks":65257,"value":65259,"nodeType":867},{},[65258],{"type":910},"What you can do about it",{"data":65261,"content":65262,"nodeType":883},{},[65263],{"data":65264,"marks":65265,"value":65266,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Thankfully, no new anti-AI capabilities are required — but it’s more important than ever that organizations look to defend their identity attack surface and find and fix identity vulnerabilities before attackers can take advantage of them. ",{"data":65268,"content":65269,"nodeType":883},{},[65270,65273,65280],{"data":65271,"marks":65272,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":65274,"content":65275,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[65276],{"data":65277,"marks":65278,"value":42439,"nodeType":867},{},[65279],{"type":876},{"data":65281,"marks":65282,"value":65283,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to find out how Push helps organizations to find and fix identity vulnerabilities at-scale, and intercept identity attacks as they happen in employee browsers. ",{"data":65285,"content":65288,"nodeType":892},{"target":65286},{"sys":65287},{"id":64858,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":65290,"content":65291,"nodeType":883},{},[65292],{"data":65293,"marks":65294,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":65296},{"hyperlink":65297,"inline":65298,"block":65299},[],[],[65300,65305,65309,65313,65348,65352,65377,65381,65385],{"sys":65301,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":65302,"buttonLabel":65303,"buttonColour":37848,"buttonUrl":65304},{"id":64858},"See our latest webinar on demand where we explore Operator's malicious use-cases throughout the kill chain","Watch Now","https://pushsecurity.com/resources/automating-identity-attacks",{"sys":65306,"__typename":6169,"title":65307,"arcadeDemoUrl":65308,"playText":6172},{"id":64896},"CUA blog — Arcade 1","https://demo.arcade.software/buNBQ1B8KBs44JUuKM3R?embed",{"sys":65310,"__typename":6169,"title":65311,"arcadeDemoUrl":65312,"playText":17653},{"id":64934},"CUA blog — Arcade 2","https://demo.arcade.software/b4EQ6eEkUvUMF6mXZoek?embed",{"sys":65314,"__typename":1636,"content":65315,"name":65347,"title":59},{"id":64965},{"json":65316},{"nodeType":1569,"data":65317,"content":65318},{},[65319],{"nodeType":883,"data":65320,"content":65321},{},[65322,65326,65334,65338,65344],{"nodeType":867,"value":65323,"marks":65324,"data":65325},"Most apps provide ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":65327,"content":65328},{"uri":37548},[65329],{"nodeType":867,"value":65330,"marks":65331,"data":65333},"extremely limited account and authentication method visibility to admins",[65332],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":65335,"marks":65336,"data":65337},", and even fewer give them the ability to make changes on behalf of the user like removing insecure login methods — meaning it’s very difficult for them to investigate and remediate ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":65339,"content":65340},{"uri":7205},[65341],{"nodeType":867,"value":7211,"marks":65342,"data":65343},[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":2391,"marks":65345,"data":65346},[],{},"CUA blog — Insight box 1",{"sys":65349,"__typename":6169,"title":65350,"arcadeDemoUrl":65351,"playText":6172},{"id":64971},"CUA blog — Arcade 3","https://demo.arcade.software/uuIiTlrp7eLN2cuPAEFB?embed",{"sys":65353,"__typename":1636,"content":65354,"name":65376,"title":59},{"id":64995},{"json":65355},{"nodeType":1569,"data":65356,"content":65357},{},[65358],{"nodeType":883,"data":65359,"content":65360},{},[65361,65365,65373],{"nodeType":867,"value":65362,"marks":65363,"data":65364},"SAMLjacking works by modifying the app’s SAML settings to direct users to authenticate via an attacker-controlled SAML server to sign in using SSO via their IdP account. The user notices no real change to their experience and can access the resources as normal, but the attacker will harvest the credentials of every user that logs in. ",[],{},{"nodeType":878,"data":65366,"content":65367},{"uri":1142},[65368],{"nodeType":867,"value":65369,"marks":65370,"data":65372},"Find out more about SAMLjacking here",[65371],{"type":876},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":2391,"marks":65374,"data":65375},[],{},"CUA blog — Insight box 2",{"sys":65378,"__typename":6169,"title":65379,"arcadeDemoUrl":65380,"playText":17673},{"id":65001},"CUA blog — Arcade 4","https://demo.arcade.software/hnx017VaUdp9GGdzX8Yy?embed",{"sys":65382,"__typename":6169,"title":65383,"arcadeDemoUrl":65384,"playText":6172},{"id":65097},"CUA blog — Arcade 5","https://demo.arcade.software/VvkWBYKmBAm7r9qE64A3?embed",{"sys":65386,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":65387,"buttonLabel":65388,"buttonColour":37848,"buttonUrl":65234},{"id":65247},"Check out our blog post analysing the impact of CUAs on credential stuffing attacks","Read Now",{"items":65390},[],{},"Using CUAs like Operator to automate identity attacks",{"url":65394},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/stqRZBfjcRHW2gz3MBaIN/2679b191b6fa37bbe27b486b334bb7b8/Operator_clip_thumbnail__4_.jpg","2025-03-13T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":65397},[65398,66004,66638],{"__typename":1670,"sys":65399,"content":65401,"title":65990,"synopsis":65991,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":65992,"slug":65993,"tagsCollection":65994,"authorsCollection":66000},{"id":65400},"hpHG3MIyOo5AMxoeLDeBX",{"json":65402},{"data":65403,"content":65404,"nodeType":1569},{},[65405,65413,65431,65461,65468,65471,65479,65486,65494,65501,65508,65515,65522,65530,65537,65566,65593,65600,65608,65615,65638,65645,65648,65656,65663,65671,65690,65723,65730,65742,65749,65757,65764,65771,65778,65785,65788,65796,65803,65826,65832,65835,65843,65859,65866,65869,65877,65884,65900,65907,65935,65938,65944,65961,65979,65984],{"data":65406,"content":65407,"nodeType":912},{},[65408],{"data":65409,"marks":65410,"value":65412,"nodeType":867},{},[65411],{"type":910},"Stolen credentials: The cyber criminal’s weapon of choice in 2024",{"data":65414,"content":65415,"nodeType":883},{},[65416,65419,65427],{"data":65417,"marks":65418,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":65420,"content":65421,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7665},[65422],{"data":65423,"marks":65424,"value":65426,"nodeType":867},{},[65425],{"type":876},"Stolen credentials were the #1 attacker action in 2023/24",{"data":65428,"marks":65429,"value":65430,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and the breach vector for 80% of web app attacks. Not surprising when you consider the fact that billions of leaked credentials are in circulation online, and attackers can pick up the latest drop for as little as $10 on criminal forums. ",{"data":65432,"content":65433,"nodeType":883},{},[65434,65438,65446,65450,65457],{"data":65435,"marks":65436,"value":65437,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The criminal marketplace for stolen credentials is benefitting from ",{"data":65439,"content":65440,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38082},[65441],{"data":65442,"marks":65443,"value":65445,"nodeType":867},{},[65444],{"type":876},"the publicity of high profile breaches in 2024",{"data":65447,"marks":65448,"value":65449,"nodeType":867},{},[]," such as the attacks on ",{"data":65451,"content":65452,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[65453],{"data":65454,"marks":65455,"value":35275,"nodeType":867},{},[65456],{"type":876},{"data":65458,"marks":65459,"value":65460,"nodeType":867},{},[]," customers using credentials found in data breach dumps and compromised credential feeds from infostealer and mass phishing campaigns, resulting in the compromise of 165 customer tenants and hundreds of millions of breached personal records.",{"data":65462,"content":65463,"nodeType":883},{},[65464],{"data":65465,"marks":65466,"value":65467,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But despite 2024 being an unprecedented year in terms of the impact of identity-based attacks, there’s still a lot of unfulfilled potential for attackers to realize. ",{"data":65469,"content":65470,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65472,"content":65473,"nodeType":912},{},[65474],{"data":65475,"marks":65476,"value":65478,"nodeType":867},{},[65477],{"type":910},"Credential attack automation — what’s changed with the shift to SaaS? ",{"data":65480,"content":65481,"nodeType":883},{},[65482],{"data":65483,"marks":65484,"value":65485,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Brute forcing and credential stuffing are nothing new, and have been a key component of the cyber attacker toolkit for decades. But it’s not quite as easy to automatically spray credentials across systems as it once was. ",{"data":65487,"content":65488,"nodeType":921},{},[65489],{"data":65490,"marks":65491,"value":65493,"nodeType":867},{},[65492],{"type":910},"No more one-size-fits-all",{"data":65495,"content":65496,"nodeType":883},{},[65497],{"data":65498,"marks":65499,"value":65500,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Rather than a single centralized network with apps and data contained within an infrastructure perimeter, business IT is now formed of hundreds of web-based apps and platforms, creating thousands of identities per organization.  ",{"data":65502,"content":65503,"nodeType":883},{},[65504],{"data":65505,"marks":65506,"value":65507,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means that identities too are now decentralized and distributed all over the internet, as opposed to being stored solely in identity systems like Active Directory, and implemented using common protocols and mechanisms. ",{"data":65509,"content":65510,"nodeType":883},{},[65511],{"data":65512,"marks":65513,"value":65514,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While HTTP(S) is standard, modern web apps are complex and highly customized, with a graphically-driven interface that is different every time. And to make matters worse, modern web apps are specifically designed to prevent malicious automation through bot protections like CAPTCHA. ",{"data":65516,"content":65517,"nodeType":883},{},[65518],{"data":65519,"marks":65520,"value":65521,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So rather than encountering standard protocols and being able to write a single set of tools to use across any organization/environment e.g. write a DNS scanner once, use a single port scanner like Nmap for the entire internet, write a single script per service (e.g. FTP, SSH, Telnet, etc.) for your password sprayer — custom tool development is instead required for every app that you want to target. ",{"data":65523,"content":65524,"nodeType":921},{},[65525],{"data":65526,"marks":65527,"value":65529,"nodeType":867},{},[65528],{"type":910},"Finding the needle in the haystack",{"data":65531,"content":65532,"nodeType":883},{},[65533],{"data":65534,"marks":65535,"value":65536,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Not only are there more environments for attackers to include in the scope of their attack, but there are more credentials to work with. ",{"data":65538,"content":65539,"nodeType":883},{},[65540,65544,65549,65553,65562],{"data":65541,"marks":65542,"value":65543,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are around ",{"data":65545,"marks":65546,"value":65548,"nodeType":867},{},[65547],{"type":910},"15 billion compromised credentials",{"data":65550,"marks":65551,"value":65552,"nodeType":867},{},[]," available on the public internet, not including those found only in private channels/feeds. This list is growing all of the time — ",{"data":65554,"content":65556,"nodeType":878},{"uri":65555},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/have-i-been-pwned-adds-284m-accounts-stolen-by-infostealer-malware/",[65557],{"data":65558,"marks":65559,"value":65561,"nodeType":867},{},[65560],{"type":876},"like 244M never before seen passwords and 493M unique website and email address pairs",{"data":65563,"marks":65564,"value":65565,"nodeType":867},{},[]," being added to Have I Been Pwned from infostealer logs just last month. ",{"data":65567,"content":65568,"nodeType":883},{},[65569,65573,65581,65585,65590],{"data":65570,"marks":65571,"value":65572,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This sounds scary, but it’s tricky for attackers to harness this data. The vast majority of these credentials are old and invalid. Our ",{"data":65574,"content":65575,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35080},[65576],{"data":65577,"marks":65578,"value":65580,"nodeType":867},{},[65579],{"type":876},"recent review of TI data",{"data":65582,"marks":65583,"value":65584,"nodeType":867},{},[]," found that fewer than 1% of stolen credentials included in threat intelligence feeds from a multi-vendor data set was actionable —",{"data":65586,"marks":65587,"value":65589,"nodeType":867},{},[65588],{"type":910}," in other words, 99% of compromised credentials were false positives.",{"data":65591,"marks":65592,"value":10852,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":65594,"content":65595,"nodeType":883},{},[65596],{"data":65597,"marks":65598,"value":65599,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But not all of them are useless — as the Snowflake attacks demonstrated, which successfully leveraged credentials dating back to 2020. So there are clearly treasures waiting to be discovered by attackers. ",{"data":65601,"content":65602,"nodeType":921},{},[65603],{"data":65604,"marks":65605,"value":65607,"nodeType":867},{},[65606],{"type":910},"Attackers are forced to prioritize",{"data":65609,"content":65610,"nodeType":883},{},[65611],{"data":65612,"marks":65613,"value":65614,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The distributed nature of apps and identities, and the low reliability of compromised credential data, means attackers are forced to prioritize — despite a target-rich environment of hundreds of business apps, creating thousands of sprawled identities per organization, because: ",{"data":65616,"content":65617,"nodeType":1526},{},[65618,65628],{"data":65619,"content":65620,"nodeType":1505},{},[65621],{"data":65622,"content":65623,"nodeType":883},{},[65624],{"data":65625,"marks":65626,"value":65627,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Writing and running custom python scripts for every single app (there are more than 40k SaaS apps on the internet) is not realistic. Even if you did the top 100 or 1000, that would be a significant task and require constant maintenance, while barely scratching the surface of the total opportunity. ",{"data":65629,"content":65630,"nodeType":1505},{},[65631],{"data":65632,"content":65633,"nodeType":883},{},[65634],{"data":65635,"marks":65636,"value":65637,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even when fully scripted and using a botnet to distribute the attack and avoid IP blocking, controls like rate limiting, CAPTCHA, and account lockouts can obstruct mass credential stuffing against a single app. And a concentrated attack on a single site is going to generate significant levels of traffic if you want to get through 15 billion passwords in a reasonable timeframe, so it’s very likely to raise the alarm.",{"data":65639,"content":65640,"nodeType":883},{},[65641],{"data":65642,"marks":65643,"value":65644,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So attackers tend to target a smaller number of apps, and only look for a direct match in terms of the credentials attempted (e.g. the stolen credential must directly belong to an account on the target app). When they do go after something new, it tends to be concentrated on a specific app/platform (e.g. Snowflake) or looking for a narrower subset of credentials (e.g. credentials clearly associated with edge devices, for more traditional network environments). ",{"data":65646,"content":65647,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65649,"content":65650,"nodeType":912},{},[65651],{"data":65652,"marks":65653,"value":65655,"nodeType":867},{},[65654],{"type":910},"A missed opportunity?",{"data":65657,"content":65658,"nodeType":883},{},[65659],{"data":65660,"marks":65661,"value":65662,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we’ve established, the situation regarding credential stuffing attacks is already pretty bad despite these limitations. But things could be significantly worse. ",{"data":65664,"content":65665,"nodeType":921},{},[65666],{"data":65667,"marks":65668,"value":65670,"nodeType":867},{},[65669],{"type":910},"Password reuse means a single compromised account could turn into many",{"data":65672,"content":65673,"nodeType":883},{},[65674,65678,65686],{"data":65675,"marks":65676,"value":65677,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If attackers were able to increase the scale of their attacks to target a broader number of apps (rather than concentrating on a shortlist of high value apps) they could take advantage of all-too-common password reuse. According to our ",{"data":65679,"content":65680,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[65681],{"data":65682,"marks":65683,"value":65685,"nodeType":867},{},[65684],{"type":876},"recent investigation of identity data",{"data":65687,"marks":65688,"value":65689,"nodeType":867},{},[],", on average:",{"data":65691,"content":65692,"nodeType":1526},{},[65693,65703,65713],{"data":65694,"content":65695,"nodeType":1505},{},[65696],{"data":65697,"content":65698,"nodeType":883},{},[65699],{"data":65700,"marks":65701,"value":65702,"nodeType":867},{},[],"1 in 3 employees reuse passwords",{"data":65704,"content":65705,"nodeType":1505},{},[65706],{"data":65707,"content":65708,"nodeType":883},{},[65709],{"data":65710,"marks":65711,"value":65712,"nodeType":867},{},[],"9% of identities have a reused password AND no MFA",{"data":65714,"content":65715,"nodeType":1505},{},[65716],{"data":65717,"content":65718,"nodeType":883},{},[65719],{"data":65720,"marks":65721,"value":65722,"nodeType":867},{},[],"10% of IdP accounts (used for SSO) have a non-unique password",{"data":65724,"content":65725,"nodeType":883},{},[65726],{"data":65727,"marks":65728,"value":65729,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What does this mean? If a stolen credential is valid, there’s a good chance that it can be used to access more than one account, on more than one app (at least). ",{"data":65731,"content":65732,"nodeType":883},{},[65733,65738],{"data":65734,"marks":65735,"value":65737,"nodeType":867},{},[65736],{"type":910},"Picture the scenario:",{"data":65739,"marks":65740,"value":65741,"nodeType":867},{},[]," A recent compromised credential leak from infostealer infections or credential phishing campaigns shows that a particular username and password combination is valid on a specific app — let’s say Microsoft 365. Now, this account is pretty locked down — not only does it have MFA, but there are conditional access policies in place restricting the IP/location it can be accessed from. ",{"data":65743,"content":65744,"nodeType":883},{},[65745],{"data":65746,"marks":65747,"value":65748,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Usually, this is where the attack would end, and you’d turn your attention to something else. But what if you were able to spray these credentials across every other business app that the user has an account on?",{"data":65750,"content":65751,"nodeType":921},{},[65752],{"data":65753,"marks":65754,"value":65756,"nodeType":867},{},[65755],{"type":910},"Scaling credential attacks with Computer-Using Agents",{"data":65758,"content":65759,"nodeType":883},{},[65760],{"data":65761,"marks":65762,"value":65763,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Until now, the impact of AI on identity attacks has been limited to the use of LLMs for the creation of phishing emails, in AI-assisted malware development, and for social media bots — no doubt significant, but not exactly transformative, and requiring constant human oversight and input. ",{"data":65765,"content":65766,"nodeType":883},{},[65767],{"data":65768,"marks":65769,"value":65770,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But with the launch of OpenAI Operator, a new kind of “Computer-Using Agent”, this could be about to change. ",{"data":65772,"content":65773,"nodeType":883},{},[65774],{"data":65775,"marks":65776,"value":65777,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Operator is trained on a specialist dataset and implemented in its own sandboxed browser, meaning it is able to perform common web tasks like a human — seeing and interacting with pages as a human would. ",{"data":65779,"content":65780,"nodeType":883},{},[65781],{"data":65782,"marks":65783,"value":65784,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unlike other automated solutions, Operator requires no custom implementation or coding to be able to interact with new sites, making it a much more scalable option for attackers looking to target a broad sweep of sites/apps. ",{"data":65786,"content":65787,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65789,"content":65790,"nodeType":912},{},[65791],{"data":65792,"marks":65793,"value":65795,"nodeType":867},{},[65794],{"type":910},"Demo: Using Operator to conduct credential stuffing attacks at scale",{"data":65797,"content":65798,"nodeType":883},{},[65799],{"data":65800,"marks":65801,"value":65802,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We put the malicious use-cases of Operator to the test, using it to:",{"data":65804,"content":65805,"nodeType":1526},{},[65806,65816],{"data":65807,"content":65808,"nodeType":1505},{},[65809],{"data":65810,"content":65811,"nodeType":883},{},[65812],{"data":65813,"marks":65814,"value":65815,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identify which companies have an existing tenant on a list of apps",{"data":65817,"content":65818,"nodeType":1505},{},[65819],{"data":65820,"content":65821,"nodeType":883},{},[65822],{"data":65823,"marks":65824,"value":65825,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attempt to login to various app tenants with a provided username and password",{"data":65827,"content":65831,"nodeType":892},{"target":65828},{"sys":65829},{"id":65830,"type":889,"linkType":890},"moAA7jwcBmZMaqpmPva4w",[],{"data":65833,"content":65834,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65836,"content":65837,"nodeType":912},{},[65838],{"data":65839,"marks":65840,"value":65842,"nodeType":867},{},[65841],{"type":910},"Impact summary",{"data":65844,"content":65845,"nodeType":883},{},[65846,65850,65855],{"data":65847,"marks":65848,"value":65849,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The results were pretty eye opening. Operator clearly demonstrated the ability to target a list of apps with compromised credentials and perform in-app actions. ",{"data":65851,"marks":65852,"value":65854,"nodeType":867},{},[65853],{"type":910},"Now think about this x10, x100, x10,000 …",{"data":65856,"marks":65857,"value":65858,"nodeType":867},{},[]," These are not complex tasks. But the value of CUAs Operator is not in tackling complexity, but scale. Imagine a world where you can orchestrate Operator windows via API and get it to execute these actions simultaneously (functionality that exists already for ChatGPT). ",{"data":65860,"content":65861,"nodeType":883},{},[65862],{"data":65863,"marks":65864,"value":65865,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But this is bigger than Operator — it’s about the direction of the technology. OpenAI may implement restrictions — better in-app guardrails, rate limits on the number of concurrent tasks and total usage, etc. But you can guarantee it won’t be the only CUA — it’s only a matter of time before similar products emerge (maybe even inherently malicious ones) making use of the same technology. ",{"data":65867,"content":65868,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65870,"content":65871,"nodeType":912},{},[65872],{"data":65873,"marks":65874,"value":65876,"nodeType":867},{},[65875],{"type":910},"Final thoughts ",{"data":65878,"content":65879,"nodeType":883},{},[65880],{"data":65881,"marks":65882,"value":65883,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s still early days for CUA tech, but there’s a clear indication that an already severe security challenge could be made worse with this particular form of AI-driven automation. While the ability to target a broad set of apps has been previously beyond the scope of traditional automation, it’s about to become much more accessible to even low-skilled attackers (think: next gen script kiddies?). ",{"data":65885,"content":65886,"nodeType":883},{},[65887,65891,65896],{"data":65888,"marks":65889,"value":65890,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another way to think about it is that it effectively gives a human attacker a fleet of low-level interns who don’t ",{"data":65892,"marks":65893,"value":65895,"nodeType":867},{},[65894],{"type":2278},"quite",{"data":65897,"marks":65898,"value":65899,"nodeType":867},{},[]," know what they’re doing, but can be instructed to perform specific, itemised tasks at scale with only the occasional check in — while you work on other, more complex tasks. So, a bit like a red team manager of AI bots. ",{"data":65901,"content":65902,"nodeType":883},{},[65903],{"data":65904,"marks":65905,"value":65906,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Operator means that attackers can leverage compromised credentials at-scale, take advantage of the vast numbers of vulnerable and misconfigured identities, and convert them into systemic breaches much more easily. In a way, it could make credential stuffing a bit more like it was before the shift to cloud apps — where you could spray thousands of credentials across your targets without needing custom development every time. ",{"data":65908,"content":65909,"nodeType":883},{},[65910,65914,65921,65924,65931],{"data":65911,"marks":65912,"value":65913,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Thankfully, no new anti-AI capabilities are required — but it’s more important than ever that organizations look to defend their identity attack surface and find and fix identity vulnerabilities before attackers can take advantage of them. To prevent stolen credentials being exploited, defenders need to be able ",{"data":65915,"content":65916,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35080},[65917],{"data":65918,"marks":65919,"value":65920,"nodeType":867},{},[],"to quickly identify where compromised credentials are being actively used",{"data":65922,"marks":65923,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":65925,"content":65926,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59427},[65927],{"data":65928,"marks":65929,"value":65930,"nodeType":867},{},[],"deploy mitigating controls like MFA",{"data":65932,"marks":65933,"value":65934,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to prevent exploitation with a vulnerable single factor. ",{"data":65936,"content":65937,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":65939,"content":65940,"nodeType":912},{},[65941],{"data":65942,"marks":65943,"value":6771,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":65945,"content":65946,"nodeType":883},{},[65947,65951,65958],{"data":65948,"marks":65949,"value":65950,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to learn more about identity attacks and how to stop them, ",{"data":65952,"content":65953,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2511},[65954],{"data":65955,"marks":65956,"value":39222,"nodeType":867},{},[65957],{"type":876},{"data":65959,"marks":65960,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":65962,"content":65963,"nodeType":883},{},[65964,65968,65976],{"data":65965,"marks":65966,"value":65967,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And if you want to see more malicious use cases of Operator in action, ",{"data":65969,"content":65970,"nodeType":878},{"uri":65304},[65971],{"data":65972,"marks":65973,"value":65975,"nodeType":867},{},[65974],{"type":876},"check out this on-demand webinar. ",{"data":65977,"marks":65978,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":65980,"content":65983,"nodeType":892},{"target":65981},{"sys":65982},{"id":64858,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":65985,"content":65986,"nodeType":883},{},[65987],{"data":65988,"marks":65989,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How new AI agents will transform credential stuffing attacks","Credential stuffing attacks had a huge impact in 2024. But things could be dialled up even further with Computer-Using Agents like OpenAI Operator. ","2025-03-11T00:00:00.000Z","how-new-ai-agents-will-transform-credential-stuffing-attacks",{"items":65995},[65996,65998],{"sys":65997,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":65999,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":66001},[66002],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":66003},{"url":2541},{"__typename":1670,"sys":66005,"content":66007,"title":66624,"synopsis":66625,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":66626,"slug":66627,"tagsCollection":66628,"authorsCollection":66634},{"id":66006},"SiALa9w13C6q3OzeTeUum",{"json":66008},{"data":66009,"content":66010,"nodeType":1569},{},[66011,66018,66034,66041,66047,66054,66061,66064,66071,66078,66085,66108,66115,66131,66134,66141,66148,66171,66178,66185,66203,66209,66216,66235,66241,66248,66294,66302,66309,66321,66333,66340,66373,66380,66383,66390,66410,66417,66424,66431,66434,66441,66449,66456,66463,66526,66533,66540,66547,66580,66586,66593,66600,66606],{"data":66012,"content":66013,"nodeType":883},{},[66014],{"data":66015,"marks":66016,"value":66017,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Computer-Using Agents (CUAs) are a new type of AI agent that drives your browser/OS for you. With the research preview release of OpenAI Operator last week, it’s likely that we’ll be seeing a lot more of this technology in the future as OpenAI iterates and competitors launch their own versions. ",{"data":66019,"content":66020,"nodeType":883},{},[66021,66025,66030],{"data":66022,"marks":66023,"value":66024,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These models run on the same UI as the user sees, rather than using code or API based add-ons or tools (e.g. with access via API keys). In Operator’s case, the agent runs in its own browser, where it can navigate to and interact with webpages by typing, clicking, and scrolling. It effectively sees and interacts with pages as a human would, ",{"data":66026,"marks":66027,"value":66029,"nodeType":867},{},[66028],{"type":910},"using human (not machine) identities",{"data":66031,"marks":66032,"value":66033,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — taking actions on the web without requiring custom API integrations. ",{"data":66035,"content":66036,"nodeType":883},{},[66037],{"data":66038,"marks":66039,"value":66040,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means that a user describes a task, and Operator performs it autonomously on their behalf. The examples provided by OpenAI are things like booking a dinner reservation or shopping for groceries — but naturally the potential use cases are much, much broader, especially in a work context.",{"data":66042,"content":66046,"nodeType":892},{"target":66043},{"sys":66044},{"id":66045,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5mWWi5mfqEcSQX12gOtyQm",[],{"data":66048,"content":66049,"nodeType":883},{},[66050],{"data":66051,"marks":66052,"value":66053,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Obviously the broad impact of this technology is almost impossible to predict this early in the game. But since we’re focussed on identity security at Push, we can at least describe some of the very predictable impacts in this area.",{"data":66055,"content":66056,"nodeType":883},{},[66057],{"data":66058,"marks":66059,"value":66060,"nodeType":867},{},[],"CUAs like Operator are essentially very flexible no-code automation platforms. This means that these tools (or future iterations of them) will enable low-cost, low-effort automation of common web tasks — the very tasks that app developers and vendors have worked hard to prevent from being automated — including those frequently performed by attackers.",{"data":66062,"content":66063,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":66065,"content":66066,"nodeType":912},{},[66067],{"data":66068,"marks":66069,"value":66070,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why do CUAs stand to benefit attackers more than previous AI tools? ",{"data":66072,"content":66073,"nodeType":883},{},[66074],{"data":66075,"marks":66076,"value":66077,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations have been concerned about the security and privacy implications of GenAI tools and platforms for a while now — mainly concerning the risk of inputting sensitive data into LLMs, and prompt injection attacks in which models can be tricked into disclosing internal data. ",{"data":66079,"content":66080,"nodeType":883},{},[66081],{"data":66082,"marks":66083,"value":66084,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But so far, the primary impact of GenAI on attacker capabilities specifically has been mainly limited to the use of LLMs for the creation of phishing emails and in AI-assisted malware development — no doubt significant, but not exactly transformative. And although the concept of an AI agent is nothing new, they haven’t been particularly common outside of research circles. ",{"data":66086,"content":66087,"nodeType":883},{},[66088,66092,66097,66100,66105],{"data":66089,"marks":66090,"value":66091,"nodeType":867},{},[],"CUAs, on the other hand, use LLMs trained using datasets which make them far more able to understand and interact with web pages. Coupled with what is essentially a production-grade integration between browser and LLM, and you have an agent that is able to understand and interact with websites to achieve an outcome, with minimal human input and oversight (as opposed to simply scraping the data) ",{"data":66093,"marks":66094,"value":66096,"nodeType":867},{},[66095],{"type":910},"with much the same behaviors and capabilities",{"data":66098,"marks":66099,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66101,"marks":66102,"value":66104,"nodeType":867},{},[66103],{"type":910},"as a human operator.",{"data":66106,"marks":66107,"value":10852,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66109,"content":66110,"nodeType":883},{},[66111],{"data":66112,"marks":66113,"value":66114,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By performing actions autonomously on the user’s behalf, it has a lot in common with a low/no-code automation platform like Zapier or Make.com — except it doesn’t perform actions via API, but by performing actions in the browser as a user would. Unlike no/low-code automations, it doesn’t need a strict or rigid step-by-step description of tasks that should be automated and can dynamically generate steps like a human does. ",{"data":66116,"content":66117,"nodeType":883},{},[66118,66122,66127],{"data":66119,"marks":66120,"value":66121,"nodeType":867},{},[],"None of this can’t be done using other automation tools, but it’s the difference between writing code to automate a task by hand and asking a human assistant to do something for you — ",{"data":66123,"marks":66124,"value":66126,"nodeType":867},{},[66125],{"type":910},"the effort required is reduced by orders of magnitude.",{"data":66128,"marks":66129,"value":66130,"nodeType":867},{},[]," This makes it both more flexible and accessible to a much wider range of users. ",{"data":66132,"content":66133,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":66135,"content":66136,"nodeType":912},{},[66137],{"data":66138,"marks":66139,"value":66140,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How can CUAs be abused by attackers?",{"data":66142,"content":66143,"nodeType":883},{},[66144],{"data":66145,"marks":66146,"value":66147,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are two main groups of attack to be aware of:",{"data":66149,"content":66150,"nodeType":1526},{},[66151,66161],{"data":66152,"content":66153,"nodeType":1505},{},[66154],{"data":66155,"content":66156,"nodeType":883},{},[66157],{"data":66158,"marks":66159,"value":66160,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks enabled by the technology (CUA)",{"data":66162,"content":66163,"nodeType":1505},{},[66164],{"data":66165,"content":66166,"nodeType":883},{},[66167],{"data":66168,"marks":66169,"value":66170,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks against specific CUA tools/implementations (e.g. Operator)",{"data":66172,"content":66173,"nodeType":883},{},[66174],{"data":66175,"marks":66176,"value":66177,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because the answer to the latter question is subjective depending on the CUA being targeted (and Operator is still in its “research preview” release) we’ll focus on how attackers can potentially use CUAs for malicious purposes in general. ",{"data":66179,"content":66180,"nodeType":921},{},[66181],{"data":66182,"marks":66183,"value":66184,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How attackers can use their own CUAs to conduct AI-powered cyber attacks",{"data":66186,"content":66187,"nodeType":883},{},[66188,66192,66200],{"data":66189,"marks":66190,"value":66191,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The most obvious use-case for an attacker-controlled CUA is targeting internet-based app accounts. Most organizations are now using hundreds of apps, with thousands of sprawling identities (including both inside enterprise SSO connected accounts and local username & password logins) — ",{"data":66193,"content":66194,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[66195],{"data":66196,"marks":66197,"value":66199,"nodeType":867},{},[66198],{"type":876},"many of which are highly vulnerable to even low-sophistication attack techniques",{"data":66201,"marks":66202,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66204,"content":66208,"nodeType":892},{"target":66205},{"sys":66206},{"id":66207,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7itjimRwqpkrCF7YRI8FTq",[],{"data":66210,"content":66211,"nodeType":883},{},[66212],{"data":66213,"marks":66214,"value":66215,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Previously, identity attacks against modern SaaS environments and the sprawl of apps and accounts required a lot of manual work to scale. Because web identities are implemented in mostly bespoke ways across thousands of sites (and they are constantly changing) attacks on them are challenging to automate. Further, the act of logging in using automated methods has been impacted by widespread bot protection — specifically to prevent malicious automation. ",{"data":66217,"content":66218,"nodeType":883},{},[66219,66223,66231],{"data":66220,"marks":66221,"value":66222,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, attackers end up sending phishing links through email, and targeting only a few high value apps for cred stuffing — despite the availability of credentials online (which, ",{"data":66224,"content":66225,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[66226],{"data":66227,"marks":66228,"value":66230,"nodeType":867},{},[66229],{"type":876},"as the Snowflake attacks demonstrate",{"data":66232,"marks":66233,"value":66234,"nodeType":867},{},[],", can be an untapped treasure trove for attackers).",{"data":66236,"content":66240,"nodeType":892},{"target":66237},{"sys":66238},{"id":66239,"type":889,"linkType":890},"24HV5O6LJ12ZVECTSel2WL",[],{"data":66242,"content":66243,"nodeType":883},{},[66244],{"data":66245,"marks":66246,"value":66247,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We know that about 1 in 3 users re-use passwords, so there is a great chance a lot of those exact same credentials were actually valid for many other apps. It’s very tough to manually test each credential by logging into even a few dozen apps (or building a web automation to do so). But this is significantly easier if you can ask a CUA to: ",{"data":66249,"content":66250,"nodeType":1526},{},[66251,66261,66271],{"data":66252,"content":66253,"nodeType":1505},{},[66254],{"data":66255,"content":66256,"nodeType":883},{},[66257],{"data":66258,"marks":66259,"value":66260,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Find a list of the top 1000 SaaS apps”. ",{"data":66262,"content":66263,"nodeType":1505},{},[66264],{"data":66265,"content":66266,"nodeType":883},{},[66267],{"data":66268,"marks":66269,"value":66270,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Try to login to the app using this username and password. Let me know which apps you successfully logged into”. ",{"data":66272,"content":66273,"nodeType":1505},{},[66274],{"data":66275,"content":66276,"nodeType":883},{},[66277,66281,66290],{"data":66278,"marks":66279,"value":66280,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Use ",{"data":66282,"content":66284,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66283},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/takeout_services/description.md",[66285],{"data":66286,"marks":66287,"value":66289,"nodeType":867},{},[66288],{"type":876},"takeout services",{"data":66291,"marks":66292,"value":66293,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to download data from each app and send it to this location, grouping by company name” (or even just ask the model to cut and paste or download the data from the account).",{"data":66295,"content":66296,"nodeType":883},{},[66297],{"data":66298,"marks":66299,"value":66301,"nodeType":867},{},[66300],{"type":910},"This is how you really scale these attacks.",{"data":66303,"content":66304,"nodeType":883},{},[66305],{"data":66306,"marks":66307,"value":66308,"nodeType":867},{},[],"CUA agents also change how and where phishing can take place. Where phishing takes place outside of email, it’s much less likely to be intercepted by enterprise anti-phishing controls. You could:",{"data":66310,"content":66311,"nodeType":883},{},[66312,66317],{"data":66313,"marks":66314,"value":66316,"nodeType":867},{},[66315],{"type":910},"1.",{"data":66318,"marks":66319,"value":66320,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Task an agent to create Reddit, Discord, and Slack accounts, login, and find the 100 (or 10000?) biggest subreddits/communities/channels. Now have it join those, and write posts that seem relevant to ongoing threads, or write targeted DMs and include links to a phishing page. If the account gets banned, no problem, automatically start over. Not enough karma? Instruct the agent to build karma.",{"data":66322,"content":66323,"nodeType":883},{},[66324,66329],{"data":66325,"marks":66326,"value":66328,"nodeType":867},{},[66327],{"type":910},"2.",{"data":66330,"marks":66331,"value":66332,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Or consider a more targeted scenario: connect to a specific target (or group of targets) via LinkedIn, read all your target’s posts and comments, and using that context start a conversation with them, using a topic you know that will interest them to create a phishing lure, and direct them to your phishing site. ",{"data":66334,"content":66335,"nodeType":921},{},[66336],{"data":66337,"marks":66338,"value":66339,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Operator caveats",{"data":66341,"content":66342,"nodeType":883},{},[66343,66347,66356,66360,66369],{"data":66344,"marks":66345,"value":66346,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now, it’s worth pointing out that Operator has controls that are designed to prevent this sort of abuse. ",{"data":66348,"content":66350,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66349},"https://openai.com/index/introducing-operator/",[66351],{"data":66352,"marks":66353,"value":66355,"nodeType":867},{},[66354],{"type":876},"For example",{"data":66357,"marks":66358,"value":66359,"nodeType":867},{},[],", Operator is trained to proactively ask the user to take over for tasks that require login, payment details, or when solving CAPTCHAs. The ",{"data":66361,"content":66363,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66362},"https://openai.com/index/operator-system-card/",[66364],{"data":66365,"marks":66366,"value":66368,"nodeType":867},{},[66367],{"type":876},"Operator System Card",{"data":66370,"marks":66371,"value":66372,"nodeType":867},{},[]," also cites proactive refusals of high-risk tasks, confirmation prompts before critical actions, and active monitoring systems to detect and mitigate potential threats.",{"data":66374,"content":66375,"nodeType":883},{},[66376],{"data":66377,"marks":66378,"value":66379,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s unclear at this point how resistant Operator will be to attack or abuse, but really, as we said earlier, this is not about Operator — once CUA tech becomes more widely available (if recent trends are anything to go by) there’s no doubt that models will emerge with fewer (or no) safety controls. ",{"data":66381,"content":66382,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":66384,"content":66385,"nodeType":912},{},[66386],{"data":66387,"marks":66388,"value":66389,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why CUA-based automation is a problem for security teams",{"data":66391,"content":66392,"nodeType":883},{},[66393,66397,66406],{"data":66394,"marks":66395,"value":66396,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers have been using automation tools forever, and in response, developers have been building protections against them (e.g. Cloudflare Turnstile and CAPTCHAs). Using LLMs to super power them isn’t even new, nor is using automation apps for malicious purposes (see our SaaS attack matrix entry for ",{"data":66398,"content":66400,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66399},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/shadow_workflows/description.md",[66401],{"data":66402,"marks":66403,"value":66405,"nodeType":867},{},[66404],{"type":876},"shadow workflows",{"data":66407,"marks":66408,"value":66409,"nodeType":867},{},[],") — so what’s the difference?",{"data":66411,"content":66412,"nodeType":883},{},[66413],{"data":66414,"marks":66415,"value":66416,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Previously, attackers needed to tie together automated browsers, get bot protection bypasses working, write code to extract screenshots from these browsers, pump those screenshots into a traditional LLM, generate response actions, and write code to execute those actions using browser automation. It was a lot of manual work — and needed constant maintenance — and wasn’t very effective because the general LLMs weren’t good at interpreting what they were seeing.",{"data":66418,"content":66419,"nodeType":883},{},[66420],{"data":66421,"marks":66422,"value":66423,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, this isn’t so much a change in capability but a signal that there is going to be a massive increase in performance compared to other AI agents. Bundle the new model’s ability to understand with the ability to interact with webpages and you have something that might soon create real world impact at scale. ",{"data":66425,"content":66426,"nodeType":883},{},[66427],{"data":66428,"marks":66429,"value":66430,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Perhaps the only real obstacles are safety controls and cost. But as we’ve seen after previous GenAI launches, most recently with DeepSeek — competitors have been fast following with models that out-perform the original. Some of these models will be open and contain far fewer safety protections. An open CUA model in the future might be the trigger that enables attackers to leverage these capabilities at scale. ",{"data":66432,"content":66433,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":66435,"content":66436,"nodeType":912},{},[66437],{"data":66438,"marks":66439,"value":66440,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So what?",{"data":66442,"content":66443,"nodeType":883},{},[66444],{"data":66445,"marks":66446,"value":66448,"nodeType":867},{},[66447],{"type":910},"The TL;DR is that the adoption of CUAs has the potential to significantly lower the cost to attackers of running identity attacks such as phishing and credential stuffing, while increasing their reach.",{"data":66450,"content":66451,"nodeType":883},{},[66452],{"data":66453,"marks":66454,"value":66455,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We can expect improved account takeover attacks in the future as this technology becomes more widespread, with phishing attacks being increasingly delivered outside of traditional (well-protected) mediums like email, and credential stuffing being weaponized on an even more widespread scale, across a broader range of apps. These capabilities will also become more accessible, with even less advanced attackers able to harness them.",{"data":66457,"content":66458,"nodeType":883},{},[66459],{"data":66460,"marks":66461,"value":66462,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Right now, Operator runs in a sandboxed browser environment. But going forward, more value will require an increased ability to perform authenticated access as the user — so one could imagine a world where new features are built to expose passwords into this sandbox — or that these agents will be enabled outside these sandboxes and operate in your browser (primarily) or directly on your OS using agents. We’ve already seen these agents implemented as browser extensions. This makes sense as extensions can see the tab, and interact with the page — and some early extension-based agents have existed for a while:",{"data":66464,"content":66465,"nodeType":1526},{},[66466,66486,66506],{"data":66467,"content":66468,"nodeType":1505},{},[66469],{"data":66470,"content":66471,"nodeType":883},{},[66472,66475,66483],{"data":66473,"marks":66474,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66476,"content":66478,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66477},"https://github.com/richardyc/Chrome-GPT",[66479],{"data":66480,"marks":66481,"value":66477,"nodeType":867},{},[66482],{"type":876},{"data":66484,"marks":66485,"value":10852,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66487,"content":66488,"nodeType":1505},{},[66489],{"data":66490,"content":66491,"nodeType":883},{},[66492,66495,66503],{"data":66493,"marks":66494,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66496,"content":66498,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66497},"https://github.com/handrew/browserpilot",[66499],{"data":66500,"marks":66501,"value":66497,"nodeType":867},{},[66502],{"type":876},{"data":66504,"marks":66505,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66507,"content":66508,"nodeType":1505},{},[66509],{"data":66510,"content":66511,"nodeType":883},{},[66512,66515,66523],{"data":66513,"marks":66514,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66516,"content":66518,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66517},"https://github.com/TaxyAI/browser-extension",[66519],{"data":66520,"marks":66521,"value":66517,"nodeType":867},{},[66522],{"type":876},{"data":66524,"marks":66525,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66527,"content":66528,"nodeType":883},{},[66529],{"data":66530,"marks":66531,"value":66532,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If we have agents operating on user endpoints, not in sandboxes, that means they will have access to all identities that are already authenticated, or that can be automatically authenticated (password manager autofills etc.). There’s nothing fundamentally stopping you from prompt-injecting a victim's CUA and tricking it into creating a malicious integration, or sending you an API key.",{"data":66534,"content":66535,"nodeType":921},{},[66536],{"data":66537,"marks":66538,"value":66539,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So to summarize...",{"data":66541,"content":66542,"nodeType":883},{},[66543],{"data":66544,"marks":66545,"value":66546,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations should anticipate an increase in identity attacks targeting web-based apps and services using techniques that can be amplified by CUAs such as phishing and credential stuffing. We recommend that organizations:",{"data":66548,"content":66549,"nodeType":1526},{},[66550,66560,66570],{"data":66551,"content":66552,"nodeType":1505},{},[66553],{"data":66554,"content":66555,"nodeType":883},{},[66556],{"data":66557,"marks":66558,"value":66559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Anticipate an increase in phishing attacks delivered outside of email, and evaluate your detection capabilities for mediums such as IM platforms and social media sites.",{"data":66561,"content":66562,"nodeType":1505},{},[66563],{"data":66564,"content":66565,"nodeType":883},{},[66566],{"data":66567,"marks":66568,"value":66569,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Find and harden identities that could be vulnerable to attacks using techniques that can be automated (e.g. mass credential stuffing) such as those missing phishing resistant MFA (or MFA altogether).",{"data":66571,"content":66572,"nodeType":1505},{},[66573],{"data":66574,"content":66575,"nodeType":883},{},[66576],{"data":66577,"marks":66578,"value":66579,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ensure that all identities are suitably protected — even those outside the scope of traditional identity stores (such as Active Directory and modern equivalents e.g. Entra, Okta) used to access the much broader set of web-based services. ",{"data":66581,"content":66582,"nodeType":921},{},[66583],{"data":66584,"marks":66585,"value":6771,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66587,"content":66588,"nodeType":883},{},[66589],{"data":66590,"marks":66591,"value":66592,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AI-powered or not, identity attacks are what Push is designed to combat. Our features and controls designed to stop account takeover via phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking remain effective in this new world — in fact, as attackers are granted the ability to conduct these attacks with greater speed and scale, they become more valuable than ever. ",{"data":66594,"content":66595,"nodeType":883},{},[66596],{"data":66597,"marks":66598,"value":66599,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you're interested in learning more, check out our on-demand webinar where we demonstrate the use of CUAs for automating identity attacks, particularly in the context of SaaS account takeover. ",{"data":66601,"content":66605,"nodeType":892},{"target":66602},{"sys":66603},{"id":66604,"type":889,"linkType":890},"UCmd5kqVZ03ce5Cs9M0r5",[],{"data":66607,"content":66608,"nodeType":883},{},[66609,66613,66620],{"data":66610,"marks":66611,"value":66612,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’d like to learn more about Push, ",{"data":66614,"content":66615,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[66616],{"data":66617,"marks":66618,"value":66619,"nodeType":867},{},[],"set up a demo with our team",{"data":66621,"marks":66622,"value":66623,"nodeType":867},{},[]," or sign up yourself to have a look at the platform.","Considering the security implications of Computer-Using Agents (like OpenAI Operator)","CUAs are a new type of AI agent that drives your browser/OS for you, enabling effortless automation of web tasks — including those performed by attackers.","2025-01-28T00:00:00.000Z","considering-the-impact-of-computer-using-agents",{"items":66629},[66630,66632],{"sys":66631,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":66633,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":66635},[66636],{"fullName":39815,"firstName":39816,"jobTitle":39817,"profilePicture":66637},{"url":39819},{"__typename":1670,"sys":66639,"content":66641,"title":67805,"synopsis":67806,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":67807,"slug":67808,"tagsCollection":67809,"authorsCollection":67815},{"id":66640},"5KqYY7p174lSpuinfTfEZU",{"json":66642},{"data":66643,"content":66644,"nodeType":1569},{},[66645,66652,66707,66714,66717,66724,66731,66764,66776,66779,66786,66797,66804,66823,66829,66848,66855,66865,66885,66905,66912,66931,66937,66957,66960,66967,66974,66981,67000,67018,67025,67044,67051,67058,67083,67090,67110,67131,67137,67144,67163,67166,67173,67191,67210,67217,67270,67277,67280,67287,67294,67313,67333,67340,67347,67354,67373,67380,67387,67392,67398,67401,67408,67415,67422,67442,67452,67471,67478,67485,67495,67502,67509,67529,67535,67538,67545,67552,67559,67630,67637,67644,67651,67659,67680,67687,67693,67704,67725,67732,67740,67759,67766,67773,67779,67782,67789],{"data":66646,"content":66647,"nodeType":883},{},[66648],{"data":66649,"marks":66650,"value":66651,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From massive breaches like the Snowflake incident to novel phishing techniques documented by Push researchers, 2024 was the year that identity attacks left their mark. Looking back over what we saw in the wild and what we found through Push’s own research, three key themes stand out:",{"data":66653,"content":66654,"nodeType":1526},{},[66655,66674,66684],{"data":66656,"content":66657,"nodeType":1505},{},[66658],{"data":66659,"content":66660,"nodeType":883},{},[66661,66665,66670],{"data":66662,"marks":66663,"value":66664,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Account takeover techniques on cloud apps are fundamentally different from traditional network-based attacks. To have the best chance of preventing account takeover, defenders need to  disrupt attacks ",{"data":66666,"marks":66667,"value":66669,"nodeType":867},{},[66668],{"type":2278},"before",{"data":66671,"marks":66672,"value":66673,"nodeType":867},{},[]," they’re successful.",{"data":66675,"content":66676,"nodeType":1505},{},[66677],{"data":66678,"content":66679,"nodeType":883},{},[66680],{"data":66681,"marks":66682,"value":66683,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s not easy or practical to maintain 100 percent compliance on identity posture standards in a world where employees are using and signing up to apps outside of IT oversight — but it is possible to make this work a lot easier by using tools that help you scale your remediation activities.",{"data":66685,"content":66686,"nodeType":1505},{},[66687],{"data":66688,"content":66689,"nodeType":883},{},[66690,66694,66703],{"data":66691,"marks":66692,"value":66693,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Despite another year where cybersecurity spend increased (now up to almost $1,100 per user, according to ",{"data":66695,"content":66697,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66696},"https://www.forrester.com/report/2024-cybersecurity-benchmarks-global/RES181118",[66698],{"data":66699,"marks":66700,"value":66702,"nodeType":867},{},[66701],{"type":876},"Forrester",{"data":66704,"marks":66705,"value":66706,"nodeType":867},{},[],"), existing approaches are not successfully preventing account takeovers. Security teams need to be able to detect and respond to these attacks where they happen: The browser.",{"data":66708,"content":66709,"nodeType":883},{},[66710],{"data":66711,"marks":66712,"value":66713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’ll take a look back at how these themes influenced key features we delivered for Push customers in 2024.",{"data":66715,"content":66716,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":66718,"content":66719,"nodeType":912},{},[66720],{"data":66721,"marks":66722,"value":66723,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Defending against modern phishing attacks",{"data":66725,"content":66726,"nodeType":883},{},[66727],{"data":66728,"marks":66729,"value":66730,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing techniques that bypass MFA are now the norm, and few organizations have successfully achieved full coverage of phishing-resistant MFA methods. ",{"data":66732,"content":66733,"nodeType":883},{},[66734,66738,66747,66751,66760],{"data":66735,"marks":66736,"value":66737,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Equally, while phishing attacks via email remain the most commonly reported vector, phishing attacks increasingly target users outside of email. For example, phishing links are often encountered through normal internet use — such as ",{"data":66739,"content":66741,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66740},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-use-google-search-ads-to-steal-google-ads-accounts/",[66742],{"data":66743,"marks":66744,"value":66746,"nodeType":867},{},[66745],{"type":876},"in malicious Google ads",{"data":66748,"marks":66749,"value":66750,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — and attackers frequently conduct their campaigns over IM platforms like Slack and Teams. Late last year there was ",{"data":66752,"content":66754,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66753},"https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kevin-beaumont-security_ive-been-assisting-a-few-orgs-hit-with-successful-activity-7268055739116445701-xxjZ?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop",[66755],{"data":66756,"marks":66757,"value":66759,"nodeType":867},{},[66758],{"type":876},"a rise in attackers inundating users with spam via Teams",{"data":66761,"marks":66762,"value":66763,"nodeType":867},{},[],", combined with phone scams posing as IT admins. Since anti-phishing controls are usually email-based, they fail to protect users from attacks taking place elsewhere. ",{"data":66765,"content":66766,"nodeType":883},{},[66767,66771],{"data":66768,"marks":66769,"value":66770,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At Push, we’ve built a suite of anti-phishing features over the last year that act as a defense-in-depth approach to the types of modern phishing techniques we’ve been observing in the wild. ",{"data":66772,"marks":66773,"value":66775,"nodeType":867},{},[66774],{"type":910},"Here’s what we built and why.",{"data":66777,"content":66778,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":66780,"content":66781,"nodeType":912},{},[66782],{"data":66783,"marks":66784,"value":66785,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Protecting passwords used for SSO",{"data":66787,"content":66788,"nodeType":921},{},[66789,66794],{"data":66790,"marks":66791,"value":66793,"nodeType":867},{},[66792],{"type":910},"What happened?",{"data":66795,"marks":66796,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66798,"content":66799,"nodeType":883},{},[66800],{"data":66801,"marks":66802,"value":66803,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers explicitly targeted Okta, Entra, and Google Workspace accounts in 2023 and 2024, so we knew a top priority would be protecting identity provider accounts. These IdP accounts are a key target because they allow attackers to move laterally to other valuable apps and data via SSO following the initial account takeover.",{"data":66805,"content":66806,"nodeType":883},{},[66807,66811,66819],{"data":66808,"marks":66809,"value":66810,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s not just the typical IdPs you need to watch out for, either: Apps like GitHub, Slack, Salesforce, Facebook, X, and others all provide SSO functionality, increasing the blast radius of a compromise. And as we reported in ",{"data":66812,"content":66813,"nodeType":878},{"uri":29087},[66814],{"data":66815,"marks":66816,"value":66818,"nodeType":867},{},[66817],{"type":876},"our research on cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":66820,"marks":66821,"value":66822,"nodeType":867},{},[],", apps can be accessed using multiple SSO methods simultaneously — and 3 in 5 apps that we tested recently did not require re-verification by default when adding a new login method.",{"data":66824,"content":66828,"nodeType":892},{"target":66825},{"sys":66826},{"id":66827,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3EOOr4dVQoiPjl2ucUs1mA",[],{"data":66830,"content":66831,"nodeType":883},{},[66832,66836,66844],{"data":66833,"marks":66834,"value":66835,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing is a problem that would be significantly reduced in a world without passwords. But while the ideal case is that organizations can put in place phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys or other WebAuthn-based methods, the reality is that ",{"data":66837,"content":66838,"nodeType":878},{"uri":58923},[66839],{"data":66840,"marks":66841,"value":66843,"nodeType":867},{},[66842],{"type":876},"it’s not a perfect solution right now",{"data":66845,"marks":66846,"value":66847,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — widespread passkey implementation is hard to achieve.",{"data":66849,"content":66850,"nodeType":883},{},[66851],{"data":66852,"marks":66853,"value":66854,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the key advantages of passkeys is that they are domain-bound: Meaning they can’t be used on a site with the wrong domain. So, we started thinking: What if it were possible to essentially domain-bind a password? ",{"data":66856,"content":66857,"nodeType":921},{},[66858,66862],{"data":66859,"marks":66860,"value":26668,"nodeType":867},{},[66861],{"type":910},{"data":66863,"marks":66864,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":66866,"content":66867,"nodeType":883},{},[66868,66872,66881],{"data":66869,"marks":66870,"value":66871,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the first half of 2024, we delivered our ",{"data":66873,"content":66874,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20141},[66875],{"data":66876,"marks":66877,"value":66880,"nodeType":867},{},[66878,66879],{"type":876},{"type":910},"SSO password protection",{"data":66882,"marks":66883,"value":66884,"nodeType":867},{},[]," feature, which allows Push administrators to block employees from entering their IdP password into any site that’s not the identity provider — in effect domain-binding SSO credentials. ",{"data":66886,"content":66887,"nodeType":883},{},[66888,66892,66901],{"data":66889,"marks":66890,"value":66891,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push accomplishes this via the Push browser agent, which ",{"data":66893,"content":66895,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66894},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10109/#how-does-sso-password-protection-work",[66896],{"data":66897,"marks":66898,"value":66900,"nodeType":867},{},[66899],{"type":876},"observes and fingerprints",{"data":66902,"marks":66903,"value":66904,"nodeType":867},{},[]," the user’s SSO password and legitimate SSO login pages, and then enforces in-browser controls to prevent an SSO password from being submitted on any URL that doesn’t match the legitimate provider, an extremely strong anti-phishing protection. Separately, Push also verifies that passwords it observes are not easily guessable.",{"data":66906,"content":66907,"nodeType":883},{},[66908],{"data":66909,"marks":66910,"value":66911,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The idea behind this approach is to gain some similar benefits to passkeys — by ensuring that passwords used for SSO access to your apps cannot be phished and are unique and strong — but in a way that “just works” with existing password-based authentication. ",{"data":66913,"content":66914,"nodeType":883},{},[66915,66919,66927],{"data":66916,"marks":66917,"value":66918,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations that monitor for SSO password reuse will find that the practice turns out to be incredibly widespread, so being able to detect and prevent password reuse — even outside of actual phishing attempts — is an asset to security teams. (Our ",{"data":66920,"content":66921,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[66922],{"data":66923,"marks":66924,"value":66926,"nodeType":867},{},[66925],{"type":876},"research shows",{"data":66928,"marks":66929,"value":66930,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that 10% of IdP accounts are using a password that is shared with another app — where it is much more likely to be compromised.) ",{"data":66932,"content":66936,"nodeType":892},{"target":66933},{"sys":66934},{"id":66935,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4Ce999wf4mqCZwu1jLofsx",[],{"data":66938,"content":66939,"nodeType":883},{},[66940,66944,66953],{"data":66941,"marks":66942,"value":66943,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By streaming events to your SIEM and setting up a simple automation, you can also use Push-supplied intelligence on SSO password reuse to ",{"data":66945,"content":66947,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66946},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/automating-sso-password-resets-using-push/",[66948],{"data":66949,"marks":66950,"value":66952,"nodeType":867},{},[66951],{"type":876},"automatically reset",{"data":66954,"marks":66955,"value":66956,"nodeType":867},{},[]," potentially compromised passwords — this provides instant response to successful phishing and gets rid of password re-use of your most sensitive credentials in one move - the kind of combo we love!",{"data":66958,"content":66959,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":66961,"content":66962,"nodeType":912},{},[66963],{"data":66964,"marks":66965,"value":66966,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Blocking AitM phishing and cloned login pages",{"data":66968,"content":66969,"nodeType":921},{},[66970],{"data":66971,"marks":66972,"value":66793,"nodeType":867},{},[66973],{"type":910},{"data":66975,"content":66976,"nodeType":883},{},[66977],{"data":66978,"marks":66979,"value":66980,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When you’re able to detect SSO passwords being used in all the wrong places, it’s not surprising that one of the main offenders is phishing attacks. ",{"data":66982,"content":66983,"nodeType":883},{},[66984,66988,66996],{"data":66985,"marks":66986,"value":66987,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In 2024, we wrote extensively about the rise in ",{"data":66989,"content":66990,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[66991],{"data":66992,"marks":66993,"value":66995,"nodeType":867},{},[66994],{"type":876},"modern phishing attacks",{"data":66997,"marks":66998,"value":66999,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that use adversary-in-the middle toolkits (AiTM), including EvilNoVNC, Evilginx, and others.",{"data":67001,"content":67002,"nodeType":883},{},[67003,67007,67015],{"data":67004,"marks":67005,"value":67006,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AiTM phishing is a newer variant of phishing that allows attackers to bypass MFA protection by using tools that act as a proxy between the end-user and a legitimate login portal. AitM attacks increased 146% in 2023 (",{"data":67008,"content":67010,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67009},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft%20Digital%20Defense%20Report%202024%20%281%29.pdf",[67011],{"data":67012,"marks":67013,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[67014],{"type":876},{"data":67016,"marks":67017,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":67019,"content":67020,"nodeType":883},{},[67021],{"data":67022,"marks":67023,"value":67024,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This trend in tradecraft was reflected in our own customer base last year, but what’s interesting is that we observed a lot of phish kits and tactics that were new — meaning traditional detections failed to find them before Push did. ",{"data":67026,"content":67027,"nodeType":883},{},[67028,67032,67040],{"data":67029,"marks":67030,"value":67031,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In particular, we saw newer ",{"data":67033,"content":67034,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54450},[67035],{"data":67036,"marks":67037,"value":67039,"nodeType":867},{},[67038],{"type":876},"web-based obfuscation techniques",{"data":67041,"marks":67042,"value":67043,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that allowed attackers to get past the features of email security tools like web gateways and email scanning appliances, such as bypassing web sandbox analysis, and deter other forms of automated investigation by using Cloudflare Turnstile and other tactics — similar to the approaches legit websites use to protect against automated bots (this is essentially the same problem for both).",{"data":67045,"content":67046,"nodeType":883},{},[67047],{"data":67048,"marks":67049,"value":67050,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The gap in existing controls was obvious: When all phishing routes eventually lead to the browser, security teams need to be able to detect and respond in the browser. To do this well they need to observe what the employee sees, not what loads in a sandbox.",{"data":67052,"content":67053,"nodeType":921},{},[67054],{"data":67055,"marks":67056,"value":26668,"nodeType":867},{},[67057],{"type":910},{"data":67059,"content":67060,"nodeType":883},{},[67061,67065,67075,67080],{"data":67062,"marks":67063,"value":67064,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To address this gap, we released new capabilities for the Push browser agent to be able to ",{"data":67066,"content":67068,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67067},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-aitm-phishing-toolkit-detection-powered-by-the-push-browser/",[67069],{"data":67070,"marks":67071,"value":67074,"nodeType":867},{},[67072,67073],{"type":876},{"type":910},"detect and block",{"data":67076,"marks":67077,"value":67079,"nodeType":867},{},[67078],{"type":910}," when a site is running AiTM phishing toolkits",{"data":67081,"marks":67082,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":67084,"content":67085,"nodeType":883},{},[67086],{"data":67087,"marks":67088,"value":67089,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push does this via a set of readymade detections for common AiTM tools. By dynamically analyzing the behavior of malware in the browser, the Push browser agent can find indicators of compromise beyond just domains, file names, IP addresses, etc., focusing instead on behavioral attributes, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",{"data":67091,"content":67092,"nodeType":883},{},[67093,67097,67106],{"data":67094,"marks":67095,"value":67096,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This approach of focusing on the top of the ",{"data":67098,"content":67100,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67099},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters/#id-building-effective-identity-threat-detection-controls_id-scenario-detecting-a-web-based-phishing-attack",[67101],{"data":67102,"marks":67103,"value":67105,"nodeType":867},{},[67104],{"type":876},"Pyramid of Pain",{"data":67107,"marks":67108,"value":67109,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — e.g. building detections for attributes of an attack that are the hardest for attackers to change, and therefore the most reliably accurate — is core to Push’s design philosophy. ",{"data":67111,"content":67112,"nodeType":883},{},[67113,67117,67127],{"data":67114,"marks":67115,"value":67116,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, toward the second half of the year, we released ",{"data":67118,"content":67120,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67119},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-cloned-login-page-detection/",[67121],{"data":67122,"marks":67123,"value":67126,"nodeType":867},{},[67124,67125],{"type":876},{"type":910},"cloned login page detection",{"data":67128,"marks":67129,"value":67130,"nodeType":867},{},[],", a natural extension of our layered approach to preventing phishing attacks in the browser. With this security control, you can identify malicious webpages that are masquerading as legitimate IdP login portals. ",{"data":67132,"content":67136,"nodeType":892},{"target":67133},{"sys":67134},{"id":67135,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4y25OxesssUk9lzEx12HFa",[],{"data":67138,"content":67139,"nodeType":883},{},[67140],{"data":67141,"marks":67142,"value":67143,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When a cloned login page is detected, you can add the URL to your blocklist in Push and prevent any other employees from being targeted. ",{"data":67145,"content":67146,"nodeType":883},{},[67147,67151,67159],{"data":67148,"marks":67149,"value":67150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By layering multiple anti-phishing controls that all prevent account takeover, defenders have the best chance at thwarting the ",{"data":67152,"content":67153,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38224},[67154],{"data":67155,"marks":67156,"value":67158,"nodeType":867},{},[67157],{"type":876},"short, fast attack chains",{"data":67160,"marks":67161,"value":67162,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that are emblematic of today’s identity attacks.",{"data":67164,"content":67165,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":67167,"content":67168,"nodeType":912},{},[67169],{"data":67170,"marks":67171,"value":67172,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Defending against stolen sessions and stolen credentials",{"data":67174,"content":67175,"nodeType":883},{},[67176,67180,67188],{"data":67177,"marks":67178,"value":67179,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With as little as $10 to buy a stolen password and a little skill, attackers capitalized on the use of stolen credentials last year. Stolen creds were the No. 1 attacker action in 2023 and 2024, according to ",{"data":67181,"content":67183,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67182},"https://www.verizon.com/business/en-gb/resources/reports/dbir/",[67184],{"data":67185,"marks":67186,"value":7671,"nodeType":867},{},[67187],{"type":876},{"data":67189,"marks":67190,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":67192,"content":67193,"nodeType":883},{},[67194,67198,67206],{"data":67195,"marks":67196,"value":67197,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Nowhere was this more plain than in the ",{"data":67199,"content":67200,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[67201],{"data":67202,"marks":67203,"value":67205,"nodeType":867},{},[67204],{"type":876},"attacks on Snowflake customers",{"data":67207,"marks":67208,"value":67209,"nodeType":867},{},[],", one of the biggest breaches of last year. In this incident, cyber criminals targeted around 165 customers of the cloud-based data warehouse tool Snowflake by taking over accounts using credentials harvested from infostealer infections dating as far back as 2020.",{"data":67211,"content":67212,"nodeType":883},{},[67213],{"data":67214,"marks":67215,"value":67216,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Snowflake incident underscored the challenges of control and visibility that security teams face when attempting to secure identities on a patchwork of managed and unmanaged apps:",{"data":67218,"content":67219,"nodeType":1526},{},[67220,67230,67240,67250,67260],{"data":67221,"content":67222,"nodeType":1505},{},[67223],{"data":67224,"content":67225,"nodeType":883},{},[67226],{"data":67227,"marks":67228,"value":67229,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Do I know all the workforce accounts my employees use?",{"data":67231,"content":67232,"nodeType":1505},{},[67233],{"data":67234,"content":67235,"nodeType":883},{},[67236],{"data":67237,"marks":67238,"value":67239,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Do those accounts have a strong security posture?",{"data":67241,"content":67242,"nodeType":1505},{},[67243],{"data":67244,"content":67245,"nodeType":883},{},[67246],{"data":67247,"marks":67248,"value":67249,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Do those accounts use MFA? The most phishing-resistant methods?",{"data":67251,"content":67252,"nodeType":1505},{},[67253],{"data":67254,"content":67255,"nodeType":883},{},[67256],{"data":67257,"marks":67258,"value":67259,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Do I have tools to detect, respond, and remediate after an account takeover or breach of a critical software vendor?",{"data":67261,"content":67262,"nodeType":1505},{},[67263],{"data":67264,"content":67265,"nodeType":883},{},[67266],{"data":67267,"marks":67268,"value":67269,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Do I know when a session has been stolen, pointing to a device compromised by infostealer malware?",{"data":67271,"content":67272,"nodeType":883},{},[67273],{"data":67274,"marks":67275,"value":67276,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s what we delivered last year to make it easier for security teams to protect their organizations from the threat of stolen sessions and stolen creds.",{"data":67278,"content":67279,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":67281,"content":67282,"nodeType":912},{},[67283],{"data":67284,"marks":67285,"value":67286,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting stolen sessions",{"data":67288,"content":67289,"nodeType":921},{},[67290],{"data":67291,"marks":67292,"value":66793,"nodeType":867},{},[67293],{"type":910},{"data":67295,"content":67296,"nodeType":883},{},[67297,67300,67309],{"data":67298,"marks":67299,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":67301,"content":67303,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67302},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/",[67304],{"data":67305,"marks":67306,"value":67308,"nodeType":867},{},[67307],{"type":876},"Infostealer malware",{"data":67310,"marks":67311,"value":67312,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — a type of malware designed to collect user credentials, including session cookies, from end-user devices — had a very successful 2024, accounting for nearly 10 percent of activity that Red Canary was able to associate with named threats, and the majority of all detected malware that Sophos threat researchers documented last year.",{"data":67314,"content":67315,"nodeType":883},{},[67316,67320,67329],{"data":67317,"marks":67318,"value":67319,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While the use of stolen credentials is rampant, often facilitated by successful infostealer campaigns, a related attack type also ",{"data":67321,"content":67323,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67322},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/#id-the-state-of-infostealers-today",[67324],{"data":67325,"marks":67326,"value":67328,"nodeType":867},{},[67327],{"type":876},"jumped in prevalence",{"data":67330,"marks":67331,"value":67332,"nodeType":867},{},[]," last year: session token theft attacks.",{"data":67334,"content":67335,"nodeType":883},{},[67336],{"data":67337,"marks":67338,"value":67339,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using stolen tokens, adversaries don’t need to bypass MFA directly. They can simply import the tokens into their browser and assume an already authorized session. ",{"data":67341,"content":67342,"nodeType":921},{},[67343],{"data":67344,"marks":67345,"value":26668,"nodeType":867},{},[67346],{"type":910},{"data":67348,"content":67349,"nodeType":883},{},[67350],{"data":67351,"marks":67352,"value":67353,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In order to detect a stolen session in use, you need telemetry that allows you to tie activity to a trusted endpoint. This didn’t previously exist, and you have to be in the browser to do it. So that’s what we built. ",{"data":67355,"content":67356,"nodeType":883},{},[67357,67360,67369],{"data":67358,"marks":67359,"value":64034,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":67361,"content":67362,"nodeType":878},{"uri":64056},[67363],{"data":67364,"marks":67365,"value":67368,"nodeType":867},{},[67366,67367],{"type":876},{"type":910},"session theft detection",{"data":67370,"marks":67371,"value":67372,"nodeType":867},{},[]," capability uses the power of the Push browser extension to inject a unique marker into the user-agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. ",{"data":67374,"content":67375,"nodeType":883},{},[67376],{"data":67377,"marks":67378,"value":67379,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By analyzing logs from your IdP in your SIEM, you can then identify activity from the same session that both has and that lacks the Push marker, indicating that a session has been extracted from the browser and maliciously imported into a different browser that is not enrolled in Push.",{"data":67381,"content":67382,"nodeType":883},{},[67383],{"data":67384,"marks":67385,"value":67386,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a reliable signal that a stolen session token is being used and an endpoint has been compromised.",{"data":67388,"content":67391,"nodeType":892},{"target":67389},{"sys":67390},{"id":52457,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":67393,"content":67397,"nodeType":892},{"target":67394},{"sys":67395},{"id":67396,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6dOEnPzZXd9DqeSdalqlzO",[],{"data":67399,"content":67400,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":67402,"content":67403,"nodeType":912},{},[67404],{"data":67405,"marks":67406,"value":67407,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting compromised credentials",{"data":67409,"content":67410,"nodeType":921},{},[67411],{"data":67412,"marks":67413,"value":66793,"nodeType":867},{},[67414],{"type":910},{"data":67416,"content":67417,"nodeType":883},{},[67418],{"data":67419,"marks":67420,"value":67421,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Alongside stolen session cookies, stolen credentials made a lot of headlines last year. The 2024 Verizon DBIR found that 79% of web application compromises were the result of breached creds, and researchers at IBM found a 71% year-over-year increase in cyberattacks using stolen or compromised credentials.",{"data":67423,"content":67424,"nodeType":883},{},[67425,67429,67438],{"data":67426,"marks":67427,"value":67428,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In Push’s own research, we counted ",{"data":67430,"content":67432,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67431},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/2024-identity-breaches/",[67433],{"data":67434,"marks":67435,"value":67437,"nodeType":867},{},[67436],{"type":876},"30 public identity-related breaches",{"data":67439,"marks":67440,"value":67441,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in 2024 where the breach and the breach vector were disclosed. Of those, nearly three-quarters were the result of compromised credentials, including notable breaches such as Microsoft, Change Healthcare, and the attacks on Snowflake customers.",{"data":67443,"content":67444,"nodeType":3914},{},[67445],{"data":67446,"content":67447,"nodeType":883},{},[67448],{"data":67449,"marks":67450,"value":67451,"nodeType":867},{},[],"73% of public identity-related breaches in 2024 were the result of compromised credentials (the rest were phishing attacks). ",{"data":67453,"content":67454,"nodeType":883},{},[67455,67459,67467],{"data":67456,"marks":67457,"value":67458,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The influx of compromised credentials has been amplified by the ",{"data":67460,"content":67461,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67302},[67462],{"data":67463,"marks":67464,"value":67466,"nodeType":867},{},[67465],{"type":876},"rise of infostealers",{"data":67468,"marks":67469,"value":67470,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which contribute the vast majority of valid stolen credentials, alongside mass credential phishing campaigns and third-party data breach dumps. ",{"data":67472,"content":67473,"nodeType":883},{},[67474],{"data":67475,"marks":67476,"value":67477,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And while there’s no shortage of threat intelligence about stolen credentials for sale on the web, security teams struggle to separate the needle from the haystack because a large portion of TI on stolen creds is out of date.",{"data":67479,"content":67480,"nodeType":883},{},[67481],{"data":67482,"marks":67483,"value":67484,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In evaluating TI data here at Push, we reviewed 5,763 username and password combos that matched domains in use by Push customers. We found that less than 1% of the creds in a multi-vendor dataset were true positives. In other words, 99.5% of the stolen creds we checked were false positives at the time of review — illustrating the challenge security teams face when trying to extract actionable intelligence from this kind of data. ",{"data":67486,"content":67487,"nodeType":3914},{},[67488],{"data":67489,"content":67490,"nodeType":883},{},[67491],{"data":67492,"marks":67493,"value":67494,"nodeType":867},{},[],"99.5% of the findings in compromised credential feeds were found to be false positives.",{"data":67496,"content":67497,"nodeType":921},{},[67498],{"data":67499,"marks":67500,"value":26668,"nodeType":867},{},[67501],{"type":910},{"data":67503,"content":67504,"nodeType":883},{},[67505],{"data":67506,"marks":67507,"value":67508,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using its browser agent, Push assesses the strength of end-user passwords by creating and analyzing a truncated, salted SHA256 hash of the password for a given account. (These k-anonymized fingerprints are never seen by Push’s back-end and exist only in local browser extension storage.) ",{"data":67510,"content":67511,"nodeType":883},{},[67512,67516,67525],{"data":67513,"marks":67514,"value":67515,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These fingerprints give Push a directly observable source of truth for corporate creds, which allowed us to build a ",{"data":67517,"content":67518,"nodeType":878},{"uri":35080},[67519],{"data":67520,"marks":67521,"value":67524,"nodeType":867},{},[67522,67523],{"type":876},{"type":910},"verified stolen credential detection",{"data":67526,"marks":67527,"value":67528,"nodeType":867},{},[]," capability last year that removes all false positives from TI sources to pinpoint only those stolen creds still actively in use by employees.",{"data":67530,"content":67534,"nodeType":892},{"target":67531},{"sys":67532},{"id":67533,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3BITHZvDadjHpOAqIn0g4w",[],{"data":67536,"content":67537,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":67539,"content":67540,"nodeType":912},{},[67541],{"data":67542,"marks":67543,"value":67544,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reducing and securing shadow IT and account sprawl",{"data":67546,"content":67547,"nodeType":883},{},[67548],{"data":67549,"marks":67550,"value":67551,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can think of this last part of the story as the ground from which the attack trends we’ve been talking about emerged: The shift to doing business almost entirely in the browser, and the resulting sprawl in accounts and unmanaged apps, leading to an explosion of internet-facing identities for threat actors to target.",{"data":67553,"content":67554,"nodeType":883},{},[67555],{"data":67556,"marks":67557,"value":67558,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even in organizations with mature security practices, the challenge of getting 100% compliance with identity posture best practices is evident. Last year, Push researchers analyzed a data set of 300,000 accounts from our customer base and found that:",{"data":67560,"content":67561,"nodeType":1526},{},[67562,67581,67600],{"data":67563,"content":67564,"nodeType":1505},{},[67565],{"data":67566,"content":67567,"nodeType":883},{},[67568,67572,67577],{"data":67569,"marks":67570,"value":67571,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations have ",{"data":67573,"marks":67574,"value":67576,"nodeType":867},{},[67575],{"type":910},"more apps and identities than they thought",{"data":67578,"marks":67579,"value":67580,"nodeType":867},{},[]," — an average of ~15 identities per employee and ~220 apps per organization.",{"data":67582,"content":67583,"nodeType":1505},{},[67584],{"data":67585,"content":67586,"nodeType":883},{},[67587,67591,67596],{"data":67588,"marks":67589,"value":67590,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many accounts ",{"data":67592,"marks":67593,"value":67595,"nodeType":867},{},[67594],{"type":910},"lack basic security protections",{"data":67597,"marks":67598,"value":67599,"nodeType":867},{},[],", with 37% of accounts lacking any form of MFA and ~9% of accounts using a password that is leaked, weak, or reused, making them especially susceptible to account takeover. On accounts where password is the only login method in use (e.g. not using SSO or any other federated login like OIDC), there was no MFA in use in 4 out of 5 cases.",{"data":67601,"content":67602,"nodeType":1505},{},[67603],{"data":67604,"content":67605,"nodeType":883},{},[67606,67610,67615,67619,67626],{"data":67607,"marks":67608,"value":67609,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security ",{"data":67611,"marks":67612,"value":67614,"nodeType":867},{},[67613],{"type":910},"gaps persist even with SSO",{"data":67616,"marks":67617,"value":67618,"nodeType":867},{},[]," accounts — with 10% of SSO-using accounts also having a local password, a risk for ",{"data":67620,"content":67621,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19974},[67622],{"data":67623,"marks":67624,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[67625],{"type":876},{"data":67627,"marks":67628,"value":67629,"nodeType":867},{},[],"; and 1 in 5 IdP accounts themselves missing MFA.",{"data":67631,"content":67632,"nodeType":883},{},[67633],{"data":67634,"marks":67635,"value":67636,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From our perspective, organizations need scalable controls, and they need easy-to-deploy tools that get them visibility of all their workforce identities, apps, and accounts alongside telemetry that makes the information actionable.",{"data":67638,"content":67639,"nodeType":883},{},[67640],{"data":67641,"marks":67642,"value":67643,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push already provides a real-time inventory of all your accounts and apps, including internal corporate apps, and analyzes the security posture, login methods, and MFA status of those accounts to offer a comprehensive picture of your identity attack surface. ",{"data":67645,"content":67646,"nodeType":883},{},[67647],{"data":67648,"marks":67649,"value":67650,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To help customers enforce their security policies even more seamlessly, here’s what we built last year:",{"data":67652,"content":67653,"nodeType":921},{},[67654],{"data":67655,"marks":67656,"value":67658,"nodeType":867},{},[67657],{"type":910},"1. App banners",{"data":67660,"content":67661,"nodeType":883},{},[67662,67666,67676],{"data":67663,"marks":67664,"value":67665,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With a range of modes from informing to blocking, ",{"data":67667,"content":67669,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67668},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10106#start",[67670],{"data":67671,"marks":67672,"value":67675,"nodeType":867},{},[67673,67674],{"type":876},{"type":910},"app banners",{"data":67677,"marks":67678,"value":67679,"nodeType":867},{},[]," allow security teams to communicate best practices and policies with end-users directly in their browser. It works by displaying a banner with your custom message on the login and signup pages for workplace apps. ",{"data":67681,"content":67682,"nodeType":883},{},[67683],{"data":67684,"marks":67685,"value":67686,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using configuration rules, you can set conditions for how banner controls get applied. Common use cases include: Restricting use of GenAI software; carving out an exception for admins on a specific app; reminding users to log in with SSO instead of a password, and others. ",{"data":67688,"content":67692,"nodeType":892},{"target":67689},{"sys":67690},{"id":67691,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4RPHmeMLyZmb5V8rXYLtey",[],{"data":67694,"content":67695,"nodeType":921},{},[67696,67701],{"data":67697,"marks":67698,"value":67700,"nodeType":867},{},[67699],{"type":910},"2. Password manager identification",{"data":67702,"marks":67703,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":67705,"content":67706,"nodeType":883},{},[67707,67711,67721],{"data":67708,"marks":67709,"value":67710,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We also expanded Push’s capability to observe employees’ account security posture by adding an identification of ",{"data":67712,"content":67714,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67713},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/stop-users-saving-corp-creds-into-personal-password-managers/",[67715],{"data":67716,"marks":67717,"value":67720,"nodeType":867},{},[67718,67719],{"type":876},{"type":910},"which password manager",{"data":67722,"marks":67723,"value":67724,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (if any) they’re using. ",{"data":67726,"content":67727,"nodeType":883},{},[67728],{"data":67729,"marks":67730,"value":67731,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve heard from many security teams that they’re concerned about corporate credentials being stored in unapproved password managers — not to mention the ROI from ensuring employees are all using the corporate password manager you already pay for. This feature helps them achieve both objectives.",{"data":67733,"content":67734,"nodeType":921},{},[67735],{"data":67736,"marks":67737,"value":67739,"nodeType":867},{},[67738],{"type":910},"3. MFA enforcement",{"data":67741,"content":67742,"nodeType":883},{},[67743,67747,67755],{"data":67744,"marks":67745,"value":67746,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, we rounded out 2024 with a new security control called ",{"data":67748,"content":67749,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59427},[67750],{"data":67751,"marks":67752,"value":14348,"nodeType":867},{},[67753,67754],{"type":876},{"type":910},{"data":67756,"marks":67757,"value":67758,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that builds on the popular app banners concept by detecting when users lack MFA and then prompting them to register for MFA. ",{"data":67760,"content":67761,"nodeType":883},{},[67762],{"data":67763,"marks":67764,"value":67765,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Admins choose which apps they wish to enforce MFA on, and the Push extension does the rest. ",{"data":67767,"content":67768,"nodeType":883},{},[67769],{"data":67770,"marks":67771,"value":67772,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security teams we work with are especially eager to use this feature to close MFA coverage gaps on non-SSO and otherwise unmanaged applications.",{"data":67774,"content":67778,"nodeType":892},{"target":67775},{"sys":67776},{"id":67777,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4imhff7SWJi2Gan5iFEs2P",[],{"data":67780,"content":67781,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":67783,"content":67784,"nodeType":912},{},[67785],{"data":67786,"marks":67787,"value":67788,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Want to see more?",{"data":67790,"content":67791,"nodeType":883},{},[67792,67796,67802],{"data":67793,"marks":67794,"value":67795,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s a lot we didn’t touch on here that Push can help you achieve. If you’d like to learn more, ",{"data":67797,"content":67798,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[67799],{"data":67800,"marks":67801,"value":66619,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":67803,"marks":67804,"value":66623,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How real-world attacks and research drove Push’s most popular features of 2024","How in-the-wild attacks and our own R&D inspired what we built in 2024 to stop account takeover and reduce security risks across your workforce identities. 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Stolen credentials accounted for roughly half of the initial access methods observed this year across 30,000+ attacks, according to Verizon’s 2024 ",{"data":70029,"content":70030,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7665},[70031],{"data":70032,"marks":70033,"value":70035,"nodeType":867},{},[70034],{"type":876},"Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":70037,"marks":70038,"value":70039,"nodeType":867},{},[],". And ",{"data":70041,"content":70042,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67431},[70043],{"data":70044,"marks":70045,"value":70046,"nodeType":867},{},[],"in a review of 30 publicly disclosed breaches involving identity attacks",{"data":70048,"marks":70049,"value":70050,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in 2024, we found that 73% (almost three-quarters) were the result of compromised credentials, with the rest the result of phishing. ",{"data":70052,"content":70053,"nodeType":3914},{},[70054],{"data":70055,"content":70056,"nodeType":883},{},[70057],{"data":70058,"marks":70059,"value":70060,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Three-quarters of publicly disclosed breaches involving identity attacks in 2024 involved compromised credentials and missing MFA.",{"data":70062,"content":70063,"nodeType":883},{},[70064,70068,70076],{"data":70065,"marks":70066,"value":70067,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the case of the ",{"data":70069,"content":70070,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7192},[70071],{"data":70072,"marks":70073,"value":70075,"nodeType":867},{},[70074],{"type":876},"Snowflake incident",{"data":70077,"marks":70078,"value":70079,"nodeType":867},{},[]," earlier this year, a lack of MFA meant the difference between an enormous and murky firefight to clean up accounts breached with legitimate credentials, and a decent night’s sleep. The result was hundreds of millions of breached customer records, nine publicly named victims, and at least one ransom paid.",{"data":70081,"content":70082,"nodeType":883},{},[70083],{"data":70084,"marks":70085,"value":70086,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Do you know how many accounts we have on this third-party service, who owns them, how many tenants, whether those creds are shared elsewhere, and their security posture?” is not a fun question to answer on a Friday. ",{"data":70088,"content":70092,"nodeType":892},{"target":70089},{"sys":70090},{"id":70091,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6hg6PLXWMZaEDnGekHEzmD",[],{"data":70094,"content":70095,"nodeType":883},{},[70096],{"data":70097,"marks":70098,"value":70099,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For SecOps teams we’ve helped here at Push that responded to incidents affecting third-party apps (like Snowflake), the first item on the recovery plan is to finally solve that hard simple problem: No more MFA gaps.",{"data":70101,"content":70102,"nodeType":883},{},[70103,70107,70111],{"data":70104,"marks":70105,"value":70106,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With our latest feature release, ",{"data":70108,"marks":70109,"value":14348,"nodeType":867},{},[70110],{"type":910},{"data":70112,"marks":70113,"value":70114,"nodeType":867},{},[],", this is so much easier. With MFA enforcement, Push administrators can configure a control to prompt employees to enroll in MFA whenever Push detects that they’re not registered — even on apps that don’t natively provide any administrative enforcement option for MFA. This capability is made possible by the Push browser extension, which uses in-browser messaging and simple workflows to guide users right where they work.",{"data":70116,"content":70117,"nodeType":883},{},[70118],{"data":70119,"marks":70120,"value":70121,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’ll cover how Push helps you identify and close MFA gaps, how our new enforcement feature is one part of that solution, and how you can test the platform yourself.",{"data":70123,"content":70124,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":70126,"content":70127,"nodeType":912},{},[70128],{"data":70129,"marks":70130,"value":70131,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Shining a light on MFA gaps",{"data":70133,"content":70134,"nodeType":883},{},[70135],{"data":70136,"marks":70137,"value":70138,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s no question that the rise of ubiquitous multi-factor authentication has been an enormous advance for defenders in cybersecurity. ",{"data":70140,"content":70141,"nodeType":883},{},[70142,70146,70155],{"data":70143,"marks":70144,"value":70145,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Yet several years into this journey, the problem of verifying and enforcing MFA coverage across an organization remains a bit of a ",{"data":70147,"content":70149,"nodeType":878},{"uri":70148},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzle_box",[70150],{"data":70151,"marks":70152,"value":70154,"nodeType":867},{},[70153],{"type":876},"puzzle box",{"data":70156,"marks":70157,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":70159,"content":70160,"nodeType":883},{},[70161],{"data":70162,"marks":70163,"value":70164,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why is this?",{"data":70166,"content":70167,"nodeType":1526},{},[70168,70178,70188],{"data":70169,"content":70170,"nodeType":1505},{},[70171],{"data":70172,"content":70173,"nodeType":883},{},[70174],{"data":70175,"marks":70176,"value":70177,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Complex overlapping (and occasionally contradictory) configurations for enterprise MFA solutions can result in entire employee groups not registered for MFA, and other critical missing pieces.",{"data":70179,"content":70180,"nodeType":1505},{},[70181],{"data":70182,"content":70183,"nodeType":883},{},[70184],{"data":70185,"marks":70186,"value":70187,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With a sprawling ecosystem of both SSO-managed and unmanaged self-adopted SaaS, MFA coverage ends up looking more like a patchwork than a unified layer of protection. Security teams lack visibility of freemium and self-purchased apps, and when signup is simple, many users will naturally skip MFA registration to remove a layer of friction. The end result is often a suite of core apps managed via SSO that enforce MFA — and a lot of other unmanaged apps that don’t (true nightmare fodder).",{"data":70189,"content":70190,"nodeType":1505},{},[70191],{"data":70192,"content":70193,"nodeType":883},{},[70194,70198,70206],{"data":70195,"marks":70196,"value":70197,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another annoying piece of the puzzle box: Even in organizations with a high adoption rate of phishing-resistant MFA methods, having backup MFA methods (and a lack of total visibility into all of those registered methods) can create situations where ",{"data":70199,"content":70200,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36381},[70201],{"data":70202,"marks":70203,"value":70205,"nodeType":867},{},[70204],{"type":876},"MFA downgrade attacks",{"data":70207,"marks":70208,"value":70209,"nodeType":867},{},[]," are still possible. In MFA downgrade attacks, backup MFA methods that are less secure such as SMS or TOTP can be exploited, effectively bypassing more phishing-resistant methods.",{"data":70211,"content":70212,"nodeType":883},{},[70213],{"data":70214,"marks":70215,"value":70216,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The challenges of solving this puzzle are evident. ",{"data":70218,"content":70222,"nodeType":892},{"target":70219},{"sys":70220},{"id":70221,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2BBiFx8pHjSCeLTlP6n6da",[],{"data":70224,"content":70227,"nodeType":892},{"target":70225},{"sys":70226},{"id":58990,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":70229,"content":70230,"nodeType":883},{},[70231],{"data":70232,"marks":70233,"value":70234,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To shine a light on MFA gaps, then, security teams need three things:",{"data":70236,"content":70237,"nodeType":1526},{},[70238,70248,70258],{"data":70239,"content":70240,"nodeType":1505},{},[70241],{"data":70242,"content":70243,"nodeType":883},{},[70244],{"data":70245,"marks":70246,"value":70247,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A full accounting of their identity attack surface, including accounts on unmanaged and freemium apps not on SSO.",{"data":70249,"content":70250,"nodeType":1505},{},[70251],{"data":70252,"content":70253,"nodeType":883},{},[70254],{"data":70255,"marks":70256,"value":70257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A trustworthy out-of-band method for verifying MFA coverage, beyond the tangle of conditional access rules.",{"data":70259,"content":70260,"nodeType":1505},{},[70261],{"data":70262,"content":70263,"nodeType":883},{},[70264],{"data":70265,"marks":70266,"value":70267,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Visibility into which MFA methods are registered to a given account.",{"data":70269,"content":70270,"nodeType":883},{},[70271,70275,70279],{"data":70272,"marks":70273,"value":70274,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can get all three with the Push platform. The missing piece we’ve now added is a way to automatically prompt employees to add MFA wherever it’s missing. Enter ",{"data":70276,"marks":70277,"value":14348,"nodeType":867},{},[70278],{"type":910},{"data":70280,"marks":70281,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":70283,"content":70284,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":70286,"content":70287,"nodeType":912},{},[70288],{"data":70289,"marks":70290,"value":70291,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How Push helps you ensure MFA coverage",{"data":70293,"content":70294,"nodeType":883},{},[70295],{"data":70296,"marks":70297,"value":70298,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a look at a hypothetical incident response scenario to see how Push’s identity visibility and security controls help you ensure MFA coverage.",{"data":70300,"content":70301,"nodeType":883},{},[70302],{"data":70303,"marks":70304,"value":70305,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll assume that prior to this incident, you had already deployed the Push browser extension, which you can install and enforce using any MDM solution, on all major browsers.",{"data":70307,"content":70308,"nodeType":883},{},[70309],{"data":70310,"marks":70311,"value":70312,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s a Friday afternoon (sorry).",{"data":70314,"content":70315,"nodeType":883},{},[70316],{"data":70317,"marks":70318,"value":70319,"nodeType":867},{},[],"News breaks that there’s been a suspected breach at a popular enterprise SaaS service.",{"data":70321,"content":70322,"nodeType":883},{},[70323],{"data":70324,"marks":70325,"value":70326,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You’re familiar with the service, but you don’t believe it’s a core managed app at your organization. Unfortunately, that does not mean you don’t have accounts (sorry again).",{"data":70328,"content":70329,"nodeType":883},{},[70330],{"data":70331,"marks":70332,"value":70333,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using Push, you can:",{"data":70335,"content":70336,"nodeType":1526},{},[70337,70356,70366,70393,70419],{"data":70338,"content":70339,"nodeType":1505},{},[70340],{"data":70341,"content":70342,"nodeType":883},{},[70343,70347,70352],{"data":70344,"marks":70345,"value":70346,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Immediately check whether the Push extension has observed employee usage of the breached app. It will appear on the ",{"data":70348,"marks":70349,"value":70351,"nodeType":867},{},[70350],{"type":910},"Apps",{"data":70353,"marks":70354,"value":70355,"nodeType":867},{},[]," table. From this overview, you can see how many accounts Push has seen on that app and how they are accessing it (SSO vs. other methods, such as local password login).",{"data":70357,"content":70358,"nodeType":1505},{},[70359],{"data":70360,"content":70361,"nodeType":883},{},[70362],{"data":70363,"marks":70364,"value":70365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For those accounts on the breached app, you can quickly see whether they have MFA, and which methods are registered. To determine MFA status, the Push extension uses the existing user’s active session on an app to query that account’s MFA registration status using the app’s own API, providing a trustworthy verification. ",{"data":70367,"content":70368,"nodeType":1505},{},[70369],{"data":70370,"content":70371,"nodeType":883},{},[70372,70376,70381,70385,70390],{"data":70373,"marks":70374,"value":70375,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can also see whether the users’ passwords have any security issues, such as a verified stolen credential, or a password that’s weak or reused by filtering the ",{"data":70377,"marks":70378,"value":70380,"nodeType":867},{},[70379],{"type":910},"Accounts",{"data":70382,"marks":70383,"value":70384,"nodeType":867},{},[]," list for ",{"data":70386,"marks":70387,"value":70389,"nodeType":867},{},[70388],{"type":910},"Findings",{"data":70391,"marks":70392,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":70394,"content":70395,"nodeType":1505},{},[70396],{"data":70397,"content":70398,"nodeType":883},{},[70399,70403,70407,70411,70415],{"data":70400,"marks":70401,"value":70402,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For accounts that lack MFA, you can then configure the ",{"data":70404,"marks":70405,"value":14348,"nodeType":867},{},[70406],{"type":910},{"data":70408,"marks":70409,"value":70410,"nodeType":867},{},[]," control from the ",{"data":70412,"marks":70413,"value":59502,"nodeType":867},{},[70414],{"type":910},{"data":70416,"marks":70417,"value":70418,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page. This will prompt employees who lack MFA to set it up whenever they next use the app. In parallel, you can reach out to affected employees through your preferred comms channel and ask them to immediately register for MFA and change their password on the app. ",{"data":70420,"content":70421,"nodeType":1505},{},[70422],{"data":70423,"content":70424,"nodeType":883},{},[70425,70429,70438],{"data":70426,"marks":70427,"value":70428,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Then use Push’s webhooks to monitor for MFA registrations and password changes to roll in, by querying the ",{"data":70430,"content":70432,"nodeType":878},{"uri":70431},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/webhooks-v1#operation/login-event",[70433],{"data":70434,"marks":70435,"value":70437,"nodeType":867},{},[70436],{"type":876},"Login event",{"data":70439,"marks":70440,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":70442,"content":70446,"nodeType":892},{"target":70443},{"sys":70444},{"id":70445,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4OVJU6FRSVU9j1WB9NGyJ4",[],{"data":70448,"content":70449,"nodeType":883},{},[70450,70454,70458],{"data":70451,"marks":70452,"value":70453,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By combining visibility of your workforce identities — including granular context on their MFA registration status, MFA methods, and password security, even on unmanaged apps — with in-browser controls like ",{"data":70455,"marks":70456,"value":14348,"nodeType":867},{},[70457],{"type":910},{"data":70459,"marks":70460,"value":70461,"nodeType":867},{},[],", Push helps security teams respond quickly and with assurance that they have the right information and tools to remediate the issue.",{"data":70463,"content":70464,"nodeType":912},{},[70465],{"data":70466,"marks":70467,"value":70468,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A closer look at MFA enforcement",{"data":70470,"content":70471,"nodeType":883},{},[70472,70476,70480],{"data":70473,"marks":70474,"value":70475,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With the in-browser ",{"data":70477,"marks":70478,"value":14348,"nodeType":867},{},[70479],{"type":910},{"data":70481,"marks":70482,"value":70483,"nodeType":867},{},[]," control, we chose this approach to close the loop on missing MFA issues because:",{"data":70485,"content":70486,"nodeType":1526},{},[70487,70497,70507],{"data":70488,"content":70489,"nodeType":1505},{},[70490],{"data":70491,"content":70492,"nodeType":883},{},[70493],{"data":70494,"marks":70495,"value":70496,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It meets users where they are, in the most relevant context where they can successfully address the issue.",{"data":70498,"content":70499,"nodeType":1505},{},[70500],{"data":70501,"content":70502,"nodeType":883},{},[70503],{"data":70504,"marks":70505,"value":70506,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It solves the problem of enforcing MFA on apps that are outside of administrative control — or that don’t provide any administrative controls to enforce MFA registration natively.",{"data":70508,"content":70509,"nodeType":1505},{},[70510],{"data":70511,"content":70512,"nodeType":883},{},[70513],{"data":70514,"marks":70515,"value":70516,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s tenant-agnostic. That means that you can enforce MFA for a given app on all tenants of that app, even those free-tier or test tenants that you don’t know about and have no control over.",{"data":70518,"content":70519,"nodeType":883},{},[70520,70524,70528],{"data":70521,"marks":70522,"value":70523,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a happy side effect, your compliance team will thank you for finally allowing them to attest to where MFA is ",{"data":70525,"marks":70526,"value":35223,"nodeType":867},{},[70527],{"type":2278},{"data":70529,"marks":70530,"value":70531,"nodeType":867},{},[]," enforced — with verified results, visible at the account level in Push’s admin reporting — across your environment.",{"data":70533,"content":70534,"nodeType":883},{},[70535],{"data":70536,"marks":70537,"value":59476,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":70539,"content":70540,"nodeType":883},{},[70541,70545,70549],{"data":70542,"marks":70543,"value":70544,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To enable MFA enforcement, use the configuration tile on the ",{"data":70546,"marks":70547,"value":59502,"nodeType":867},{},[70548],{"type":910},{"data":70550,"marks":70551,"value":70552,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page of the Push admin console and select which apps should require MFA registration. The control currently works with ~90 high-value apps, including Postman, Retool, Datadog, Atlassian, Okta, and others.",{"data":70554,"content":70558,"nodeType":892},{"target":70555},{"sys":70556},{"id":70557,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2sDbYZL4oJDxLMbYErJfIN",[],{"data":70560,"content":70561,"nodeType":883},{},[70562],{"data":70563,"marks":70564,"value":70565,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can then customize the message the employees will see.",{"data":70567,"content":70568,"nodeType":883},{},[70569],{"data":70570,"marks":70571,"value":70572,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the end-user side, employees will see a banner with your message as soon as they use an app where they lack MFA. ",{"data":70574,"content":70578,"nodeType":892},{"target":70575},{"sys":70576},{"id":70577,"type":889,"linkType":890},"37aH1maXXkF8DxgjUod5dn",[],{"data":70580,"content":70581,"nodeType":883},{},[70582],{"data":70583,"marks":70584,"value":70585,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To complete MFA registration, the user can go directly to the app’s MFA registration page from a link in the banner (Push provides this link automatically, where one exists). The extension will query the user’s MFA status regularly in the background and when MFA registration is completed, the banner will disappear and the Push platform will clear the “No MFA” security finding for that account.",{"data":70587,"content":70591,"nodeType":892},{"target":70588},{"sys":70589},{"id":70590,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3yb4KjhH3AbvvSnfMbNONr",[],{"data":70593,"content":70594,"nodeType":912},{},[70595],{"data":70596,"marks":70597,"value":37808,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":70599,"content":70600,"nodeType":883},{},[70601,70605,70612],{"data":70602,"marks":70603,"value":70604,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To test our MFA visibility and control features, ",{"data":70606,"content":70607,"nodeType":878},{"uri":14660},[70608],{"data":70609,"marks":70610,"value":70611,"nodeType":867},{},[],"request a demo",{"data":70613,"marks":70614,"value":70615,"nodeType":867},{},[]," from our team. We look forward to helping you finally turn the challenge of MFA coverage into a simple problem, easily solved.","No more hard simple problems: Enforce MFA on third-party apps with Push","Using Push to enforce MFA on third-party apps in the browser — even where MFA enforcement isn't supported by the app itself.","enforce-mfa-on-third-party-apps",{"items":70620},[70621,70623],{"sys":70622,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"sys":70624,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":70626},[70627],{"fullName":14681,"firstName":14682,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":70628},{"url":14685},"blog/how-new-ai-agents-will-transform-credential-stuffing-attacks",{"json":70631},{"data":70632,"content":70633,"nodeType":1569},{},[70634],{"data":70635,"content":70636,"nodeType":883},{},[70637],{"data":70638,"marks":70639,"value":70640,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Credential stuffing attacks had a huge impact in 2024, fueled by a vicious circle of infostealer infections and data breaches. But things could be about to get worse still with Computer-Using Agents, a new kind of AI agent that enables low-cost, low-effort automation of common web tasks — including those frequently performed by attackers.",{"id":65400,"publishedAt":70642},"2026-08-12T11:54:27.033Z",{"items":70644},[70645,70647],{"sys":70646,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":70648,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":70650},[70651,70653,70655,70657,70659,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669,70671,70673],{"sys":70652,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":70654,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":70656,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":70658,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":70660,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":70662,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":70664,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},{"sys":70666,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":70668,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":70670,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":70672,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":70674,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45},{"id":525},"UIcjNmC70rCBCwd-j86eeibsl8N_v-w6xGOJ5IMJd1c",{"id":70677,"title":70678,"authorsCollection":70679,"content":70684,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":71731,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":71733,"metaTitle":71734,"ogImage":71735,"postType":23865,"publishedDate":71737,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":71738,"slug":73932,"stem":73933,"subtitle":73934,"summary":73935,"synopsis":73946,"sys":73947,"tagsCollection":73950,"topicsCollection":73956,"__hash__":73988},"blog/blog/minimum-viable-identity-security.json","Minimum Viable Identity Security",{"items":70680},[70681],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"socialLinks":70682,"profilePicture":70683},[8558],{"url":2541},{"json":70685,"links":71563},{"data":70686,"content":70687,"nodeType":1569},{},[70688,70695,70702,70709,70714,70717,70725,70744,70751,70758,70765,70788,70796,70799,70807,70814,70821,70828,70835,70841,70848,70855,70888,70895,70903,70909,70916,70934,70953,70959,70965,70973,70991,70997,71004,71011,71044,71052,71059,71065,71072,71079,71108,71116,71136,71144,71164,71172,71179,71185,71192,71195,71203,71223,71278,71285,71292,71300,71307,71330,71337,71356,71362,71369,71375,71382,71445,71453,71473,71480,71503,71506,71514,71521,71527,71534,71551,71557],{"data":70689,"content":70690,"nodeType":883},{},[70691],{"data":70692,"marks":70693,"value":70694,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A lot happened last year in the world of identity security — particularly in terms of the attacks we’ve experienced targeting internet applications and services. With this trend certain to continue in 2025, it’s more important than ever that product vendors build products with a secure baseline of fundamental controls and safeguards.",{"data":70696,"content":70697,"nodeType":883},{},[70698],{"data":70699,"marks":70700,"value":70701,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The vast majority of the identity vulnerabilities we observe in the wild are the result of multiple auth mechanisms being attached to a single account. The more methods that are configured (or are configurable), the greater the risk that insecure identities will be created — and exploited by attackers. ",{"data":70703,"content":70704,"nodeType":883},{},[70705],{"data":70706,"marks":70707,"value":70708,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The good news is that with a coordinated response from app vendors, this surface can be significantly reduced. The bad news is that right now, we’re very far from a universal standard when it comes to how apps handle authentication and identities. ",{"data":70710,"content":70713,"nodeType":892},{"target":70711},{"sys":70712},{"id":63337,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":70715,"content":70716,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":70718,"content":70719,"nodeType":912},{},[70720],{"data":70721,"marks":70722,"value":70724,"nodeType":867},{},[70723],{"type":910},"Where to start?",{"data":70726,"content":70727,"nodeType":883},{},[70728,70731,70740],{"data":70729,"marks":70730,"value":2227,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":70732,"content":70734,"nodeType":878},{"uri":70733},"https://mvsp.dev/mvsp.en/",[70735],{"data":70736,"marks":70737,"value":70739,"nodeType":867},{},[70738],{"type":876},"Minimum Viable Secure Product (MVSP)",{"data":70741,"marks":70742,"value":70743,"nodeType":867},{},[]," initiative is a great resource for product and engineering teams that sets out essential controls that should be implemented in enterprise-ready products and services. MVSP does a fantastic job of getting to the heart of what’s important for vendor products, as compared to more general frameworks and standards like ISO and NIST that cover wider controls that should be implemented across the enterprise. ",{"data":70745,"content":70746,"nodeType":883},{},[70747],{"data":70748,"marks":70749,"value":70750,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We don’t want to reinvent the wheel, so we won’t be redoing the fundamentals already covered in MVSP. But MVSP inspired us to think – what are the vendor controls that would make a meaningful difference against the identity attacks we’re seeing in the wild? ",{"data":70752,"content":70753,"nodeType":883},{},[70754],{"data":70755,"marks":70756,"value":70757,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With better, consistent security standards, SaaS developers can close off a number of ATO techniques and generally make life much more difficult for attackers. ",{"data":70759,"content":70760,"nodeType":883},{},[70761],{"data":70762,"marks":70763,"value":70764,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve identified two key areas of potential improvement which would make a material difference to ATO resilience:",{"data":70766,"content":70767,"nodeType":1526},{},[70768,70778],{"data":70769,"content":70770,"nodeType":1505},{},[70771],{"data":70772,"content":70773,"nodeType":883},{},[70774],{"data":70775,"marks":70776,"value":70777,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many of the emerging TTPs could be seriously impaired (or prevented entirely) with improved authentication and identity management controls. ",{"data":70779,"content":70780,"nodeType":1505},{},[70781],{"data":70782,"content":70783,"nodeType":883},{},[70784],{"data":70785,"marks":70786,"value":70787,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting attacks and responding to identity breaches on third-party apps is a nightmare due to the availability of log data (or lack thereof). ",{"data":70789,"content":70790,"nodeType":883},{},[70791],{"data":70792,"marks":70793,"value":70795,"nodeType":867},{},[70794],{"type":910},"Let’s look at the changes that app vendors can make to improve the situation. ",{"data":70797,"content":70798,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":70800,"content":70801,"nodeType":912},{},[70802],{"data":70803,"marks":70804,"value":70806,"nodeType":867},{},[70805],{"type":910},"Provide the visibility and control to manage and harden identities",{"data":70808,"content":70809,"nodeType":883},{},[70810],{"data":70811,"marks":70812,"value":70813,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the context of SaaS, identity security controls are your best (and in many cases, your last) defense against cyber attacks. ",{"data":70815,"content":70816,"nodeType":883},{},[70817],{"data":70818,"marks":70819,"value":70820,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pretty much every SaaS attack involves ATO through identity-based techniques, such as phishing, credential stuffing, or session hijacking using stolen cookies. In contrast, very few involve classic vulnerability exploitation (e.g. injection vulns, cross-site scripting, etc.). ",{"data":70822,"content":70823,"nodeType":883},{},[70824],{"data":70825,"marks":70826,"value":70827,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When all an attacker needs to do is log into an app and dump the data to succeed, there isn’t much in the way of post-ATO activity to detect and respond to (even if you had the logs you need, more on this later) — which is why robust authentication controls to prevent unauthorized access are so important. ",{"data":70829,"content":70830,"nodeType":883},{},[70831],{"data":70832,"marks":70833,"value":70834,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If post-ATO activity does occur, it is often to compromise additional accounts with in-app administrative privileges as opposed to pivoting to other environments. ",{"data":70836,"content":70840,"nodeType":892},{"target":70837},{"sys":70838},{"id":70839,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3l9SxYjTtls6URgbI0NiU3",[],{"data":70842,"content":70843,"nodeType":883},{},[70844],{"data":70845,"marks":70846,"value":70847,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As you’d expect, many apps prioritize a frictionless user experience over security. This is one of the main drivers of insecure authentication implementation. Consistent implementation of identity and authentication controls would go a long way to reducing the susceptibility of apps to the majority of identity attack techniques. ",{"data":70849,"content":70850,"nodeType":883},{},[70851],{"data":70852,"marks":70853,"value":70854,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In terms of authentication and identity management, MVSP focuses on:",{"data":70856,"content":70857,"nodeType":1526},{},[70858,70868,70878],{"data":70859,"content":70860,"nodeType":1505},{},[70861],{"data":70862,"content":70863,"nodeType":883},{},[70864],{"data":70865,"marks":70866,"value":70867,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Providing an SSO mechanism, ",{"data":70869,"content":70870,"nodeType":1505},{},[70871],{"data":70872,"content":70873,"nodeType":883},{},[70874],{"data":70875,"marks":70876,"value":70877,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Implementing a robust password policy, and ",{"data":70879,"content":70880,"nodeType":1505},{},[70881],{"data":70882,"content":70883,"nodeType":883},{},[70884],{"data":70885,"marks":70886,"value":70887,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Logically separating data/functions based on the needs of a user type/group. ",{"data":70889,"content":70890,"nodeType":883},{},[70891],{"data":70892,"marks":70893,"value":70894,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We can go beyond these basic auth controls to prevent identity attacks by providing better default security configurations, and giving admins more visibility and control over identities. ",{"data":70896,"content":70897,"nodeType":921},{},[70898],{"data":70899,"marks":70900,"value":70902,"nodeType":867},{},[70901],{"type":910},"1. Allow one active login method (and require external re-verification to change to another).",{"data":70904,"content":70908,"nodeType":892},{"target":70905},{"sys":70906},{"id":70907,"type":889,"linkType":890},"65YwkaNS3LjB1vZsYQtXQH",[],{"data":70910,"content":70911,"nodeType":883},{},[70912],{"data":70913,"marks":70914,"value":70915,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is very rarely a need for multiple authentication methods to be active for the same account at the same time. Perhaps you upgrade from a local password to OIDC or SAML — but there’s no need to have multiple SSO logins from different providers at once, and there’s no need to continue using a local password after adding an SSO method. One exception is Administrators retaining local password access to access the tenant in case SAML configuration breaks (commonly because certificates expire) but in all other cases it’s an anti-pattern to allow any user more than one auth method. ",{"data":70917,"content":70918,"nodeType":883},{},[70919,70923,70930],{"data":70920,"marks":70921,"value":70922,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We call these alternative login methods (especially when they are in addition to SAML — so e.g. local password or OIDC logins using Google or Microsoft) ",{"data":70924,"content":70925,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[70926],{"data":70927,"marks":70928,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[70929],{"type":876},{"data":70931,"marks":70932,"value":70933,"nodeType":867},{},[]," because they provide attackers with a way around a company’s chosen enterprise SSO option. ",{"data":70935,"content":70936,"nodeType":883},{},[70937,70941,70949],{"data":70938,"marks":70939,"value":70940,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This situation most commonly arises because apps automatically merge login methods. So for example, if a user normally logs in with a password, but then attempts to login using an OIDC of social login — many apps automatically merge that new login method with the existing account. This is particularly problematic when it’s done without further verification steps — leading to ",{"data":70942,"content":70943,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36936},[70944],{"data":70945,"marks":70946,"value":70948,"nodeType":867},{},[70947],{"type":876},"cross-IdP attacks",{"data":70950,"marks":70951,"value":70952,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Ideally, apps should disable the old log method when a new one is enabled, but at the very least, external verification of the change should be required (e.g. via email). ",{"data":70954,"content":70958,"nodeType":892},{"target":70955},{"sys":70956},{"id":70957,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4rcDwo3EmNtkjOLQmf1A7V",[],{"data":70960,"content":70964,"nodeType":892},{"target":70961},{"sys":70962},{"id":70963,"type":889,"linkType":890},"19iDG0ARpziXraEx2Ca7xp",[],{"data":70966,"content":70967,"nodeType":921},{},[70968],{"data":70969,"marks":70970,"value":70972,"nodeType":867},{},[70971],{"type":910},"2. Require external verification of changes to IdP configuration settings.",{"data":70974,"content":70975,"nodeType":883},{},[70976,70980,70987],{"data":70977,"marks":70978,"value":70979,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers that are able to compromise one account with the level of privilege required to change the SAML settings in-app (typically an app admin), even on an app that is otherwise uninteresting or low risk – can perform an attack technique known as ",{"data":70981,"content":70982,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1142},[70983],{"data":70984,"marks":70985,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[70986],{"type":876},{"data":70988,"marks":70989,"value":70990,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This can be used to direct users to authenticate to the app via an attacker-controlled IdP tenant (so e.g. an attacker’s own Okta instance or phishing page that looks like Okta/MS/Google) to capture additional credentials and facilitate further compromise of accounts. ",{"data":70992,"content":70996,"nodeType":892},{"target":70993},{"sys":70994},{"id":70995,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4YfQDIY2hhE77h2xDr9Ja",[],{"data":70998,"content":70999,"nodeType":883},{},[71000],{"data":71001,"marks":71002,"value":71003,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To mitigate this, any SAML changes should require external verification, ideally through an out-of-band method like DNS Verification. If this can’t be achieved and you need to rely on email, the request should be sent to all app admins (to increase awareness of the risky change) and come with a cooldown period before the change takes effect. This improves the chance that an attacker’s SAMLjacking attack can be intercepted before half of the victim’s workforce gets keylogged — not after!",{"data":71005,"content":71006,"nodeType":883},{},[71007],{"data":71008,"marks":71009,"value":71010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Other viable control options include:",{"data":71012,"content":71013,"nodeType":1526},{},[71014,71024,71034],{"data":71015,"content":71016,"nodeType":1505},{},[71017],{"data":71018,"content":71019,"nodeType":883},{},[71020],{"data":71021,"marks":71022,"value":71023,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once SAML is configured, ensure it can't be edited without contacting the app developer",{"data":71025,"content":71026,"nodeType":1505},{},[71027],{"data":71028,"content":71029,"nodeType":883},{},[71030],{"data":71031,"marks":71032,"value":71033,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Service Provider initiated flows not enabled by default to stop attackers from hijacking logins using Home Realm Discovery for domains they don't own",{"data":71035,"content":71036,"nodeType":1505},{},[71037],{"data":71038,"content":71039,"nodeType":883},{},[71040],{"data":71041,"marks":71042,"value":71043,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Disallow new signups using password or OIDC logins when a domain is connected via SAML",{"data":71045,"content":71046,"nodeType":921},{},[71047],{"data":71048,"marks":71049,"value":71051,"nodeType":867},{},[71050],{"type":910},"3. Provide admins with visibility of account authentication (login methods, MFA methods, IdPs used) and allow them to be restricted or removed. ",{"data":71053,"content":71054,"nodeType":883},{},[71055],{"data":71056,"marks":71057,"value":71058,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many apps provide very limited information to admins about the configuration of identities within their tenant, and fewer still provide any mechanism for admins to take action if gaps or potential weak points are discovered. Some don’t even provide information about which accounts have access to the tenant at all. As a security team member this is maddening. ",{"data":71060,"content":71064,"nodeType":892},{"target":71061},{"sys":71062},{"id":71063,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5z3zNE7z9TWUJsYCmwew1S",[],{"data":71066,"content":71067,"nodeType":883},{},[71068],{"data":71069,"marks":71070,"value":71071,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s vital that, at the bare minimum, admins can access information (ideally in a dashboard) with the accounts, all login methods configured, MFA factors set, and the SSO methods used (specifying the IdP and protocol). All login methods should be visible to security admins, including secondary email addresses, social login connections, and so on. ",{"data":71073,"content":71074,"nodeType":883},{},[71075],{"data":71076,"marks":71077,"value":71078,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It should then also be possible to set a preferred method (e.g. only SAML from Microsoft, or OIDC from Google) and delete or disable ones that pose a risk. ",{"data":71080,"content":71081,"nodeType":883},{},[71082,71086,71093,71096,71104],{"data":71083,"marks":71084,"value":71085,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For security teams to be able to clean up insecure identities, they need to be able to make changes inside the app without requiring an action from the user. This means removing phishable MFA factors to prevent ",{"data":71087,"content":71088,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7148},[71089],{"data":71090,"marks":71091,"value":7153,"nodeType":867},{},[71092],{"type":876},{"data":71094,"marks":71095,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":71097,"content":71098,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36381},[71099],{"data":71100,"marks":71101,"value":71103,"nodeType":867},{},[71102],{"type":876},"MFA downgrade",{"data":71105,"marks":71106,"value":71107,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks.  ",{"data":71109,"content":71110,"nodeType":921},{},[71111],{"data":71112,"marks":71113,"value":71115,"nodeType":867},{},[71114],{"type":910},"4. Support the use of domain-bound credentials (whether in the form of a passkey or MFA method) that are phishing resistant (FIDO key).",{"data":71117,"content":71118,"nodeType":883},{},[71119,71123,71132],{"data":71120,"marks":71121,"value":71122,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s no longer the case that simply having MFA is enough to stop identity attacks. The vast majority of phishing campaigns now make use of ",{"data":71124,"content":71126,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71125},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/aitm_phishing/description.md",[71127],{"data":71128,"marks":71129,"value":71131,"nodeType":867},{},[71130],{"type":876},"AitM toolkits designed to bypass MFA",{"data":71133,"marks":71134,"value":71135,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The only MFA methods considered to be phishing resistant are those using device-bound authentication methods such as passkeys/WebAuthn. However, only a handful of apps actually support these authentication methods. While the majority of SSO apps do support them, apps should provide support locally as well, particularly for B2C use-cases where enterprise SSO isn’t being used. ",{"data":71137,"content":71138,"nodeType":921},{},[71139],{"data":71140,"marks":71141,"value":71143,"nodeType":867},{},[71142],{"type":910},"5. Allow active sessions to be viewed and remotely terminated by administrators.",{"data":71145,"content":71146,"nodeType":883},{},[71147,71151,71160],{"data":71148,"marks":71149,"value":71150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most apps have no way of viewing valid sessions and session activity, even as an administrator. With session hijacking attacks using ",{"data":71152,"content":71154,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71153},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/session_cookie_theft/description.md",[71155],{"data":71156,"marks":71157,"value":71159,"nodeType":867},{},[71158],{"type":876},"stolen session cookies",{"data":71161,"marks":71162,"value":71163,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on the rise, being able to (at the very least) terminate sessions that are suspected to have been compromised is key to effective incident response. In an ideal world, you would be able to view the properties of the session (such as the browser, IP, location that the session is being accessed from) to identify unusual or suspicious activity, which could in turn be leveraged by SecOps teams for their detection workflows. ",{"data":71165,"content":71166,"nodeType":921},{},[71167],{"data":71168,"marks":71169,"value":71171,"nodeType":867},{},[71170],{"type":910},"6. Allow admins to prevent users with a matching domain from auto-joining a company tenant without being invited or approved by an admin, and notify when they do. ",{"data":71173,"content":71174,"nodeType":883},{},[71175],{"data":71176,"marks":71177,"value":71178,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many apps do not provide the level of granular permissions that we’ve come to associate with enterprise cloud platforms — often because it simply isn’t necessary. This means that a lot of the time, the average user can access most, if not all of the data stored within an app. This is problematic if any user with a matching domain can join a company’s app tenant. This creates insider risk, as well as increasing the blast radius of ATO of an IdP account in terms of affected apps — it’s not just the apps they’re actively using, but any they can sign up to as well. ",{"data":71180,"content":71184,"nodeType":892},{"target":71181},{"sys":71182},{"id":71183,"type":889,"linkType":890},"SKchIQFHSWumQsORBYNs5",[],{"data":71186,"content":71187,"nodeType":883},{},[71188],{"data":71189,"marks":71190,"value":71191,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To address this, apps should allow admins to lock down their app tenant to be invite-only should they desire (and enable it by default), and at least issue email notifications to admins whenever a new user joins the company’s app tenant — prompting the admin to check that the event is expected. ",{"data":71193,"content":71194,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":71196,"content":71197,"nodeType":912},{},[71198],{"data":71199,"marks":71200,"value":71202,"nodeType":867},{},[71201],{"type":910},"Enable security teams to detect and respond to identity attacks",{"data":71204,"content":71205,"nodeType":883},{},[71206,71210,71219],{"data":71207,"marks":71208,"value":71209,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security teams required to respond to incidents affecting SaaS apps are ",{"data":71211,"content":71213,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71212},"https://mayakaczorowski.com/blogs/what-sucks-in-security",[71214],{"data":71215,"marks":71216,"value":71218,"nodeType":867},{},[71217],{"type":876},"united in how painful it is",{"data":71220,"marks":71221,"value":71222,"nodeType":867},{},[],": ",{"data":71224,"content":71225,"nodeType":1526},{},[71226,71248,71258,71268],{"data":71227,"content":71228,"nodeType":1505},{},[71229],{"data":71230,"content":71231,"nodeType":883},{},[71232,71236,71245],{"data":71233,"marks":71234,"value":71235,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many SaaS providers don’t offer audit logs at all (",{"data":71237,"content":71239,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71238},"https://audit-logs.tax/",[71240],{"data":71241,"marks":71242,"value":71244,"nodeType":867},{},[71243],{"type":876},"or charge extra for the privilege",{"data":71246,"marks":71247,"value":8624,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":71249,"content":71250,"nodeType":1505},{},[71251],{"data":71252,"content":71253,"nodeType":883},{},[71254],{"data":71255,"marks":71256,"value":71257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even when logs are available, they might be incomplete, like missing login events, or critical pieces of information in the event needed to decide whether it’s malicious or not.",{"data":71259,"content":71260,"nodeType":1505},{},[71261],{"data":71262,"content":71263,"nodeType":883},{},[71264],{"data":71265,"marks":71266,"value":71267,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The lack of standardization across tools creates ingestion challenges, with each app requiring custom development work.",{"data":71269,"content":71270,"nodeType":1505},{},[71271],{"data":71272,"content":71273,"nodeType":883},{},[71274],{"data":71275,"marks":71276,"value":71277,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The logs you really need can’t always be accessed programmatically. The provider might have them, but you’ll need to put in a request – that could take hours or days to respond to. ",{"data":71279,"content":71280,"nodeType":883},{},[71281],{"data":71282,"marks":71283,"value":71284,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All of this makes it very challenging to ingest meaningful security log data from SaaS and harness it for detection and response. Hours or days is an eternity when you’re in the midst of a live incident, and is inevitably going to result in a worse outcome for the business. ",{"data":71286,"content":71287,"nodeType":883},{},[71288],{"data":71289,"marks":71290,"value":71291,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MVSP specifies that authentication events should be logged (and for how long they should be stored), but practically there is little consistency in the types of event and the fields captured. App vendors should make sure that the data points they provide (and the format that logs are provided in) can be practically used by security teams. ",{"data":71293,"content":71294,"nodeType":921},{},[71295],{"data":71296,"marks":71297,"value":71299,"nodeType":867},{},[71298],{"type":910},"7. Log detailed authentication/login information.",{"data":71301,"content":71302,"nodeType":883},{},[71303],{"data":71304,"marks":71305,"value":71306,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Authentication information is arguably the most important log source in the context of SaaS services which lack granular permissions management, because: ",{"data":71308,"content":71309,"nodeType":1526},{},[71310,71320],{"data":71311,"content":71312,"nodeType":1505},{},[71313],{"data":71314,"content":71315,"nodeType":883},{},[71316],{"data":71317,"marks":71318,"value":71319,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you know a malicious user accessed the app, you can infer/assume the likely impact, and respond accordingly. ",{"data":71321,"content":71322,"nodeType":1505},{},[71323],{"data":71324,"content":71325,"nodeType":883},{},[71326],{"data":71327,"marks":71328,"value":71329,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacker behavior in-app is often indistinguishable from typical user behavior.",{"data":71331,"content":71332,"nodeType":883},{},[71333],{"data":71334,"marks":71335,"value":71336,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means it’s vital to understand who accessed the app, at what time, and from where.",{"data":71338,"content":71339,"nodeType":883},{},[71340,71343,71352],{"data":71341,"marks":71342,"value":2227,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":71344,"content":71346,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71345},"https://eventmaturitymatrix.com/#salesforce-real-time-event-monitoring-urieventstream",[71347],{"data":71348,"marks":71349,"value":71351,"nodeType":867},{},[71350],{"type":876},"SaaS Event Maturity Matrix",{"data":71353,"marks":71354,"value":71355,"nodeType":867},{},[]," provides a great starting point when looking at the availability of authentication logs across different platforms. ",{"data":71357,"content":71361,"nodeType":892},{"target":71358},{"sys":71359},{"id":71360,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4NppB8YnmXHIQjvLwx79JW",[],{"data":71363,"content":71364,"nodeType":883},{},[71365],{"data":71366,"marks":71367,"value":71368,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We recommend that all providers include the following Authentication and MFA Verification log fields:",{"data":71370,"content":71374,"nodeType":892},{"target":71371},{"sys":71372},{"id":71373,"type":889,"linkType":890},"67uAYr6RA3DIr7mUCBgzyn",[],{"data":71376,"content":71377,"nodeType":883},{},[71378],{"data":71379,"marks":71380,"value":71381,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With this level of granular information it will be much easier for security teams to reliably differentiate malicious from legitimate access, independently or when combined with other data points:",{"data":71383,"content":71384,"nodeType":1526},{},[71385,71395,71405,71415,71425,71435],{"data":71386,"content":71387,"nodeType":1505},{},[71388],{"data":71389,"content":71390,"nodeType":883},{},[71391],{"data":71392,"marks":71393,"value":71394,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identify suspicious logins due to location/impossible travel",{"data":71396,"content":71397,"nodeType":1505},{},[71398],{"data":71399,"content":71400,"nodeType":883},{},[71401],{"data":71402,"marks":71403,"value":71404,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identify failed login attempts due to either credential or MFA failures, indicating possible credential stuffing attacks",{"data":71406,"content":71407,"nodeType":1505},{},[71408],{"data":71409,"content":71410,"nodeType":883},{},[71411],{"data":71412,"marks":71413,"value":71414,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identify the IdP used to login to detect unapproved or unusual IdP logins (a possible indicator of cross-IdP impersonation)",{"data":71416,"content":71417,"nodeType":1505},{},[71418],{"data":71419,"content":71420,"nodeType":883},{},[71421],{"data":71422,"marks":71423,"value":71424,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identify where an unexpected (less secure) MFA method is used, indicating a potential MFA downgrade attack",{"data":71426,"content":71427,"nodeType":1505},{},[71428],{"data":71429,"content":71430,"nodeType":883},{},[71431],{"data":71432,"marks":71433,"value":71434,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect risky changes to authentication such as initiating SAML configuration changes, tracking which user initiated it and when it completed",{"data":71436,"content":71437,"nodeType":1505},{},[71438],{"data":71439,"content":71440,"nodeType":883},{},[71441],{"data":71442,"marks":71443,"value":71444,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Differentiate active session location from the device/client/location of the original session (to detect session hijacking attacks)",{"data":71446,"content":71447,"nodeType":921},{},[71448],{"data":71449,"marks":71450,"value":71452,"nodeType":867},{},[71451],{"type":910},"8. Make audit logs available in a format and using a mechanism that is easy to ingest into common security tools. ",{"data":71454,"content":71455,"nodeType":883},{},[71456,71460,71469],{"data":71457,"marks":71458,"value":71459,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even where logs are available, security teams often have to wrestle with the format they are provided in to be able to make use of them. While JSON is pretty much the de facto standard nowadays, the absence of a common schema and field names is often the tricky part — complicated by the fact that there are multiple competing standards. At the very least, complying with at least one of the more established schemas (e.g. the ",{"data":71461,"content":71463,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71462},"https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/ecs/current/ecs-reference.html",[71464],{"data":71465,"marks":71466,"value":71468,"nodeType":867},{},[71467],{"type":876},"Elastic Common Schema",{"data":71470,"marks":71471,"value":71472,"nodeType":867},{},[],") will provide a level of standardisation to make things easier for security teams.",{"data":71474,"content":71475,"nodeType":883},{},[71476],{"data":71477,"marks":71478,"value":71479,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Arguably an even bigger challenge is pulling the events you actually need from the data — so making it possible to stream logs or access them programmatically to minimize collection delays is a key change that app developers can implement regardless of the schema used, that will make life easier for SecOps teams. With that in mind: ",{"data":71481,"content":71482,"nodeType":1526},{},[71483,71493],{"data":71484,"content":71485,"nodeType":1505},{},[71486],{"data":71487,"content":71488,"nodeType":883},{},[71489],{"data":71490,"marks":71491,"value":71492,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Login events indicating a potential identity attack should emit preconfigured webhook events to enable security teams to better detect and respond, (such as in the context of the use cases above). ",{"data":71494,"content":71495,"nodeType":1505},{},[71496],{"data":71497,"content":71498,"nodeType":883},{},[71499],{"data":71500,"marks":71501,"value":71502,"nodeType":867},{},[],"API access should also be provided to ensure that logs can be extracted to inform point-in-time investigations in the event of a suspected incident. (It’s no good if you have to request that certain logs be sent to you during a time-sensitive security incident.) ",{"data":71504,"content":71505,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":71507,"content":71508,"nodeType":912},{},[71509],{"data":71510,"marks":71511,"value":71513,"nodeType":867},{},[71512],{"type":910},"Final thoughts",{"data":71515,"content":71516,"nodeType":883},{},[71517],{"data":71518,"marks":71519,"value":71520,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The key takeaway here is that the scope for identity attacks and abuse could be significantly mitigated with a better standard of app-level controls. If you’re familiar with Push, you’ll recognize that many of our features compensate for these gaps in visibility and control — made necessary by the fact that so many apps don’t provide basic information about the accounts within your tenant, or give you any controls to manage authentication in accordance with your risk profile.",{"data":71522,"content":71526,"nodeType":892},{"target":71523},{"sys":71524},{"id":71525,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2skTQlf4ssC083ilExzKPW",[],{"data":71528,"content":71529,"nodeType":883},{},[71530],{"data":71531,"marks":71532,"value":71533,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you agree with us and think that stronger identity controls around authentication and security logging are needed, then consider adding these suggestions to your procurement requirements when on-boarding new apps and services. ",{"data":71535,"content":71536,"nodeType":883},{},[71537,71540,71547],{"data":71538,"marks":71539,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":71541,"content":71542,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[71543],{"data":71544,"marks":71545,"value":42439,"nodeType":867},{},[71546],{"type":876},{"data":71548,"marks":71549,"value":71550,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to find out how Push can mitigate widespread application security gaps and secure your identity attack surface. ",{"data":71552,"content":71556,"nodeType":892},{"target":71553},{"sys":71554},{"id":71555,"type":889,"linkType":890},"34OTFgwuW60VWzW4FAqwXi",[],{"data":71558,"content":71559,"nodeType":883},{},[71560],{"data":71561,"marks":71562,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":71564},{"hyperlink":71565,"inline":71566,"block":71567},[],[],[71568,71571,71575,71590,71619,71626,71640,71674,71699,71707,71713,71727],{"sys":71569,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":71570,"buttonLabel":37847,"buttonColour":37848,"buttonUrl":38082},{"id":63337},"Get our latest ebook to learn about the evolution of identity attacks in 2024 and their role in public breaches. ",{"sys":71572,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":71573,"buttonLabel":71574,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":38224},{"id":70839},"Learn how Push provides defense in depth against identity attacks before account takeover.","Read the Blog",{"sys":71576,"__typename":1636,"content":71577,"name":71589,"title":59},{"id":70907},{"json":71578},{"data":71579,"content":71580,"nodeType":1569},{},[71581],{"data":71582,"content":71583,"nodeType":883},{},[71584],{"data":71585,"marks":71586,"value":71588,"nodeType":867},{},[71587],{"type":910},"If you don’t take anything else away from this piece, this control alone will get rid of 80% of the complexity and room for vulnerabilities to creep in. ","MVSI insight box",{"sys":71591,"__typename":1636,"content":71592,"name":71618,"title":59},{"id":70957},{"json":71593},{"nodeType":1569,"data":71594,"content":71595},{},[71596,71611],{"nodeType":883,"data":71597,"content":71598},{},[71599,71603,71608],{"nodeType":867,"value":71600,"marks":71601,"data":71602},"We recently saw a great example of a practical solution to this problem — HubSpot have introduced a feature where any user that is no longer using a password to log in ",[],{},{"nodeType":867,"value":71604,"marks":71605,"data":71607},"will have their password removed automatically",[71606],{"type":910},{},{"nodeType":867,"value":3739,"marks":71609,"data":71610},[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":71612,"content":71613},{},[71614],{"nodeType":867,"value":71615,"marks":71616,"data":71617},"This means that users consciously opting for more secure SSO-based logins will get the added benefit of the app automatically cleaning up unused login methods. 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was an unprecedented year in terms of the impact of identity-based attacks. Or that’s what it felt like anyway, so I decided to trawl through a year of news to see if reality stacked up. ",{"data":72769,"content":72770,"nodeType":883},{},[72771],{"data":72772,"marks":72773,"value":72774,"nodeType":867},{},[],"My main obstacles here were the ever-disappointing levels of public information disclosure for cyber breaches. Even where breaches are disclosed, it’s rare that any public information contains the nature of the initial access vector (though I can’t say I’m surprised — it’s hard to argue the ‘highly sophisticated’ nature of a breach that involved stolen credentials and no MFA). ",{"data":72776,"content":72777,"nodeType":883},{},[72778],{"data":72779,"marks":72780,"value":72781,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Publicly disclosed breaches are just the tip of the iceberg, and with the rise in data theft and extortion over more disruptive attacks (e.g. ransomware), there is often no obvious service interruption indicating that an incident has taken place. This makes it more likely that these situations can be settled quietly or smoothed over, without hitting the headlines. ",{"data":72783,"content":72784,"nodeType":883},{},[72785,72789,72798],{"data":72786,"marks":72787,"value":72788,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That said, the requirement that US companies submit a Form-8K for breaches of a material nature does appear to have increased the number of voluntary declarations (inside the US, at least) and the growing willingness of the SEC to prosecute negligent or misleading behavior is also a considerable motivator, such as ",{"data":72790,"content":72792,"nodeType":878},{"uri":72791},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/sec-charges-tech-companies-for-downplaying-solarwinds-breaches/",[72793],{"data":72794,"marks":72795,"value":72797,"nodeType":867},{},[72796],{"type":876},"the recent prosecution of companies for misleading investors about the impact of the 2020 SolarWinds Orion hack",{"data":72799,"marks":72800,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":72802,"content":72803,"nodeType":883},{},[72804],{"data":72805,"marks":72806,"value":72807,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Despite all this, I totalled 30 breaches that were the result of an identity-based initial access vector, such as phishing, credential stuffing, social engineering, session hijacking, etc. To make the list, it had to have appeared in the public domain, confirmed by the victim or an authoritative source, and the breach vector had to have been named. ",{"data":72809,"content":72810,"nodeType":883},{},[72811],{"data":72812,"marks":72813,"value":72814,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Public identity-related breaches in 2024 resulted in hundreds of millions of breached customer records (with the final impact of many still yet to appear in the public domain).",{"data":72816,"content":72817,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":72819,"content":72820,"nodeType":912},{},[72821],{"data":72822,"marks":72823,"value":72825,"nodeType":867},{},[72824],{"type":910},"What is an identity attack?",{"data":72827,"content":72828,"nodeType":883},{},[72829],{"data":72830,"marks":72831,"value":72832,"nodeType":867},{},[],"First, what do we mean by identity attack? ",{"data":72834,"content":72835,"nodeType":883},{},[72836],{"data":72837,"marks":72838,"value":72839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An identity attack is any attack (regardless of the steps that follow) involving identity-based techniques, such as phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking, to log into an account/service. Basically, where identity is the initial breach vector.",{"data":72841,"content":72842,"nodeType":883},{},[72843],{"data":72844,"marks":72845,"value":72846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The length and complexity of the overall attack chain will vary. For example, a SaaS-based account takeover where the attacker logs in and dumps the data from the app is naturally going to be more direct than a scenario in which an identity-based compromise leads to the takeover of an endpoint or device in a traditional networking environment. ",{"data":72848,"content":72852,"nodeType":892},{"target":72849},{"sys":72850},{"id":72851,"type":889,"linkType":890},"SCbhb6dzXnaKUianhgLEL",[],{"data":72854,"content":72855,"nodeType":883},{},[72856],{"data":72857,"marks":72858,"value":72859,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In 2024, we’ve seen examples of both SaaS-based account takeover as well as identity attacks being used for initial access to more traditional networks, often resulting in ransomware deployment.",{"data":72861,"content":72862,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":72864,"content":72865,"nodeType":912},{},[72866],{"data":72867,"marks":72868,"value":72870,"nodeType":867},{},[72869],{"type":910},"Breakdown of public identity breaches in 2024",{"data":72872,"content":72873,"nodeType":883},{},[72874],{"data":72875,"marks":72876,"value":72877,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s always tricky to gauge the impact of a cyber breach, particularly when considering the limited information typically shared. Different types of breach are easier to assess than others — for example, any breach involving extortion/ransom payment has a clear cost associated. Regulator fines and penalties are also clear cut. But aside from these, you’re looking at the extent of any disruption/downtime, recovery costs, and the like. Long term, indirect impacts such as the loss of customer confidence are naturally tricky to estimate. ",{"data":72879,"content":72880,"nodeType":883},{},[72881],{"data":72882,"marks":72883,"value":72884,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, many identity breaches don’t even have these metrics to go by. The general shift toward data theft only (as opposed to ransomware deployment) continued in 2024, and many of the public identity breaches reflect this. In these attacks, attackers steal data to extort a ransom payment, blackmail end-customers, and/or sell the data via underground criminal marketplaces. ",{"data":72886,"content":72887,"nodeType":883},{},[72888],{"data":72889,"marks":72890,"value":72891,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The one consistent metric we do have is the number of breached records, which is available in many (but not all) cases. Some organizations have attempted to calculate the financial impact per breached record. Most notably IBMs annual ‘Cost of a Data Breach’ report estimates the average data breach to cost $4.88m, and the cost per compromised record to be $169. But when applied to the sheer magnitude of 2024’s biggest attacks (in the region of hundreds of millions of breached records) the figures quickly reach unbelievable levels. ",{"data":72893,"content":72894,"nodeType":883},{},[72895],{"data":72896,"marks":72897,"value":72898,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All this is to say: It’s hard to pin down the relative impact of data breaches. But with the information available (profile of the victim organization, type of data impacted, number of customers impacted) it’s possible to provide a finger-in-the-air assessment — which is what I’ve attempted to do below. Here, we can see the overall month-by-month impact of public identity breaches, dated from when they were first reported (or using dates provided in said reports). ",{"data":72900,"content":72904,"nodeType":892},{"target":72901},{"sys":72902},{"id":72903,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2XYuNqLuKhZbISb4II9IW4",[],{"data":72906,"content":72907,"nodeType":883},{},[72908],{"data":72909,"marks":72910,"value":72911,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the most notable breaches (and why they were especially significant). ",{"data":72913,"content":72914,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":72916,"content":72917,"nodeType":912},{},[72918],{"data":72919,"marks":72920,"value":72922,"nodeType":867},{},[72921],{"type":910},"Top 3 public identity-related breaches in 2024",{"data":72924,"content":72925,"nodeType":921},{},[72926],{"data":72927,"marks":72928,"value":72930,"nodeType":867},{},[72929],{"type":910},"#3: Microsoft — January 2024",{"data":72932,"content":72933,"nodeType":883},{},[72934],{"data":72935,"marks":72936,"value":72937,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat group known as APT29, associated with the Russian SVR intelligence service, utilized password spray attacks that successfully compromised a non-production tenant account that did not have multi-factor authentication (MFA) enabled. They then leveraged this account to compromise a ‘test’ OAuth application that had elevated access to the Microsoft corporate environment. This was then used to access the email accounts of Microsoft employees. ",{"data":72939,"content":72940,"nodeType":883},{},[72941],{"data":72942,"marks":72943,"value":72944,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacks then continued throughout the year using information stolen from Microsoft mailboxes, with password spraying attacks increasing tenfold since the initial attack, resulting in the further compromise of source code repositories. ",{"data":72946,"content":72947,"nodeType":883},{},[72948],{"data":72949,"marks":72950,"value":72951,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft has shared limited information about the breach, but despite this it caused a significant stir. We can expect the number of email accounts compromised to be significant, given that it was later suggested that at least 100 external organizations had been contacted by Microsoft regarding their communications being breached (we only know this because 100-ish organizations reported the email as spam). The list of companies impacted included both public and private sector organizations, from major enterprises to government agencies in the US and other countries. ",{"data":72953,"content":72954,"nodeType":883},{},[72955,72959,72968],{"data":72956,"marks":72957,"value":72958,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft’s challenges with credential management didn’t end here either, ",{"data":72960,"content":72962,"nodeType":878},{"uri":72961},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/learning-from-the-servicenow-disclosure/",[72963],{"data":72964,"marks":72965,"value":72967,"nodeType":867},{},[72966],{"type":876},"with bug bounty hunters able to use stolen credentials from a TI platform to breach Microsoft’s ServiceNow tenant",{"data":72969,"marks":72970,"value":72971,"nodeType":867},{},[],", accessing 1,000s of support ticket descriptions and attachments, and 250k+ employee emails.",{"data":72973,"content":72974,"nodeType":921},{},[72975],{"data":72976,"marks":72977,"value":72979,"nodeType":867},{},[72978],{"type":910},"#2: Change Healthcare — February 2024",{"data":72981,"content":72982,"nodeType":883},{},[72983],{"data":72984,"marks":72985,"value":72986,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In February, attackers stole 6TB of data from UnitedHealth subsidiary Change Healthcare as part of a severe ransomware attack that caused massive disruption to the US healthcare industry. This impacted a wide range of critical services used by healthcare providers across the U.S., including payment processing, prescription writing, and insurance claims, and caused financial damages estimated at $872 million. The attack impacted the personal medical data of over 100M customers. ",{"data":72988,"content":72989,"nodeType":883},{},[72990],{"data":72991,"marks":72992,"value":72993,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker used stolen credentials to breach the company's Citrix remote access service, which did not have multi-factor authentication enabled, as the initial breach vector for the attack. ",{"data":72995,"content":72996,"nodeType":883},{},[72997],{"data":72998,"marks":72999,"value":73000,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Following the attack, the organization's IT team replaced thousands of laptops, rotated credentials, and completely rebuilt Change Healthcare's data center network and core services.",{"data":73002,"content":73003,"nodeType":883},{},[73004],{"data":73005,"marks":73006,"value":73007,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The UnitedHealth Group admitted to paying a ransom demand to receive a decryptor and for the threat actors to delete the stolen data. The ransom payment was allegedly $22 million, according to the BlackCat ransomware affiliate who conducted the attack.",{"data":73009,"content":73010,"nodeType":921},{},[73011],{"data":73012,"marks":73013,"value":73015,"nodeType":867},{},[73014],{"type":910},"#1: Snowflake — April-June 2024",{"data":73017,"content":73018,"nodeType":883},{},[73019],{"data":73020,"marks":73021,"value":73022,"nodeType":867},{},[],"165 organizations around the world were targeted using stolen credentials gathered from infostealer infections dating back to 2020. The impacted accounts lacked MFA, meaning successful authentication only required a valid username and password. As the Snowflake credentials found in infostealer malware credential dumps had not been rotated or updated, they remained valid and could be used to authenticate to user accounts on Snowflake tenants belonging to various customers. It has been touted by some news outlets as ‘one of the biggest breaches ever’. ",{"data":73024,"content":73025,"nodeType":883},{},[73026],{"data":73027,"marks":73028,"value":73029,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In total, nine public victims were named following the breach, collectively impacting hundreds of millions of their respective customers. Data was put up for sale on criminal forums for fees ranging from $150k to $2m per organization, while AT&T was also confirmed as paying an undisclosed ransom fee. ",{"data":73031,"content":73035,"nodeType":892},{"target":73032},{"sys":73033},{"id":73034,"type":889,"linkType":890},"68txz4KkLmCX2hF9QySUZs",[],{"data":73037,"content":73038,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":73040,"content":73041,"nodeType":912},{},[73042],{"data":73043,"marks":73044,"value":73046,"nodeType":867},{},[73045],{"type":910},"Identity attacks vs. other attacks in 2024",{"data":73048,"content":73049,"nodeType":883},{},[73050],{"data":73051,"marks":73052,"value":73053,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In many ways, 2024 was a year of identity attacks. The attacks on Snowflake customers was unarguably one of (if not the most) significant cyber security event of the year (at least, if you exclude CrowdStrike causing a worldwide outage in July) — certainly, it was the largest perpetrated by a criminal group against commercial enterprises. ",{"data":73055,"content":73056,"nodeType":883},{},[73057],{"data":73058,"marks":73059,"value":73060,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Arguably the biggest non-identity story of the year was the Chinese state-sponsored “Salt Typhoon” campaign against global telecommunications firms, with at least nine major providers compromised — including AT&T, Verizon, and T-Mobile. The group reportedly focused on infiltrating telecommunications infrastructure to steal text messages, phone call information, and voicemails from targeted people. The threat actors also targeted the wiretapping platforms used by the US government, raising serious national security concerns.",{"data":73062,"content":73063,"nodeType":883},{},[73064],{"data":73065,"marks":73066,"value":73067,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Undoubtedly this was one of the biggest intelligence compromises in US history and is of major significance. But it’s also arguable that identity attacks had a more widespread commercial impact in 2024 when we look at the big picture.   ",{"data":73069,"content":73070,"nodeType":883},{},[73071],{"data":73072,"marks":73073,"value":73074,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks on edge networking devices were also incredibly prominent, as were very much interlinked with the targeting of telecommunications infrastructure. A barrage of 0-days generated a huge amount of concern about the software security practices of many vendors. ",{"data":73076,"content":73077,"nodeType":883},{},[73078],{"data":73079,"marks":73080,"value":73081,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But despite these honorable mentions, the runaway threat of the year was an identity-based one… ",{"data":73083,"content":73084,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":73086,"content":73087,"nodeType":912},{},[73088],{"data":73089,"marks":73090,"value":73092,"nodeType":867},{},[73091],{"type":910},"Threat of the year: Infostealers",{"data":73094,"content":73095,"nodeType":883},{},[73096],{"data":73097,"marks":73098,"value":73099,"nodeType":867},{},[],"2024 saw an unprecedented rise in the role of infostealers. The played a huge role in the attacks on Snowflake customers, where 80% of the accounts were targeted using credentials found in infostealer infections. ",{"data":73101,"content":73102,"nodeType":883},{},[73103],{"data":73104,"marks":73105,"value":73106,"nodeType":867},{},[],"News relating to new infostealer variants and distributions campaigns came thick and fast in 2024, as attackers sought to harvest credentials from victims to use as part of their own malicious campaigns, or to sell on to other criminals on underground marketplaces for compromised credentials. Attackers leaned into alternative distribution channels, branching away from email-based campaigns to target victims via gaming forums, Facebook ads, and YouTube video descriptions. GitHub was also continuously targeted as a malware distribution mechanism throughout the year — and the majority of the time it was to push infostealers. ",{"data":73108,"content":73109,"nodeType":883},{},[73110],{"data":73111,"marks":73112,"value":73113,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers are the weapon of choice for attackers looking to harvest credentials at scale. Compared to credential harvesting phishing campaigns, infostealers target a much broader range of credentials, taking everything saved in the victim’s browser (and often also from local apps, including password managers).",{"data":73115,"content":73116,"nodeType":883},{},[73117],{"data":73118,"marks":73119,"value":73120,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers are nothing new, but have historically been seen as a problem affecting less secure personal devices and accounts. But 2024 has demonstrated that infostealers are finding ways to harvest business data — by finding ways around controls like EDR, and because of the ways that personal and business identities and accounts are converging in the modern workplace. For example, it’s not uncommon for employees to log into their personal Google account on their work device (and vice versa), inadvertently saving corporate credentials to their personal password store — which is later compromised through an infostealer infection on a personal device. ",{"data":73122,"content":73123,"nodeType":883},{},[73124],{"data":73125,"marks":73126,"value":73127,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The impact of infostealers (and the resulting stolen credentials and session cookies) is underlined by various figures:",{"data":73129,"content":73130,"nodeType":1526},{},[73131,73151,73173,73195,73215],{"data":73132,"content":73133,"nodeType":1505},{},[73134],{"data":73135,"content":73136,"nodeType":883},{},[73137,73141,73148],{"data":73138,"marks":73139,"value":73140,"nodeType":867},{},[],"79% of web application compromises were the result of breached credentials (",{"data":73142,"content":73143,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67182},[73144],{"data":73145,"marks":73146,"value":7671,"nodeType":867},{},[73147],{"type":876},{"data":73149,"marks":73150,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":73152,"content":73153,"nodeType":1505},{},[73154],{"data":73155,"content":73156,"nodeType":883},{},[73157,73161,73170],{"data":73158,"marks":73159,"value":73160,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealer activity increased by 266% in 2023, while the number of attacks featuring valid credentials saw a 71% increase year-over-year (",{"data":73162,"content":73164,"nodeType":878},{"uri":73163},"https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/L0GKXDWJ",[73165],{"data":73166,"marks":73167,"value":73169,"nodeType":867},{},[73168],{"type":876},"IBM",{"data":73171,"marks":73172,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":73174,"content":73175,"nodeType":1505},{},[73176],{"data":73177,"content":73178,"nodeType":883},{},[73179,73183,73192],{"data":73180,"marks":73181,"value":73182,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers (",{"data":73184,"content":73186,"nodeType":878},{"uri":73185},"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2024/03/12/2024-sophos-threat-report/",[73187],{"data":73188,"marks":73189,"value":73191,"nodeType":867},{},[73190],{"type":876},"Sophos",{"data":73193,"marks":73194,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":73196,"content":73197,"nodeType":1505},{},[73198],{"data":73199,"content":73200,"nodeType":883},{},[73201,73205,73212],{"data":73202,"marks":73203,"value":73204,"nodeType":867},{},[],"39,000 session token attacks are detected per day (",{"data":73206,"content":73207,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67009},[73208],{"data":73209,"marks":73210,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[73211],{"type":876},{"data":73213,"marks":73214,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":73216,"content":73217,"nodeType":1505},{},[73218],{"data":73219,"content":73220,"nodeType":883},{},[73221,73225,73233],{"data":73222,"marks":73223,"value":73224,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks on session cookies happen at the same rough order of magnitude as password-based attacks (",{"data":73226,"content":73228,"nodeType":878},{"uri":73227},"https://github.com/WICG/dbsc/issues/13#issuecomment-1977657864",[73229],{"data":73230,"marks":73231,"value":45668,"nodeType":867},{},[73232],{"type":876},{"data":73234,"marks":73235,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":73237,"content":73238,"nodeType":883},{},[73239,73243,73248],{"data":73240,"marks":73241,"value":73242,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And of the confirmed identity-based breaches in the public domain that we identified, ",{"data":73244,"marks":73245,"value":73247,"nodeType":867},{},[73246],{"type":910},"a whopping 73% were the result of compromised credentials ",{"data":73249,"marks":73250,"value":73251,"nodeType":867},{},[],"(the rest were phishing attacks). ",{"data":73253,"content":73254,"nodeType":883},{},[73255],{"data":73256,"marks":73257,"value":73258,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As the primary source of compromised credentials, it’s fair to say that infostealers deserve the top spot for 2024.",{"data":73260,"content":73264,"nodeType":892},{"target":73261},{"sys":73262},{"id":73263,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7mMQEYQTXKAajIGFviDJKt",[],{"data":73266,"content":73267,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":73269,"content":73270,"nodeType":912},{},[73271],{"data":73272,"marks":73273,"value":73275,"nodeType":867},{},[73274],{"type":910},"Defend against infostealers with Push",{"data":73277,"content":73278,"nodeType":883},{},[73279],{"data":73280,"marks":73281,"value":73282,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a browser-based identity security platform designed to stop identity attacks, Push helps organizations to defend against the rise in infostealers 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tool.",{"data":73320,"content":73321,"nodeType":1505},{},[73322],{"data":73323,"content":73324,"nodeType":883},{},[73325,73328,73336],{"data":73326,"marks":73327,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":73329,"content":73330,"nodeType":878},{"uri":64056},[73331],{"data":73332,"marks":73333,"value":73335,"nodeType":867},{},[73334],{"type":876},"Detecting session hijacking attacks using stolen cookies to identify when an attacker logs into an app",{"data":73337,"marks":73338,"value":73339,"nodeType":867},{},[]," from an unmanaged device without the Push browser extension — this can also be used to detect suspicious access in general!",{"data":73341,"content":73342,"nodeType":1505},{},[73343],{"data":73344,"content":73345,"nodeType":883},{},[73346],{"data":73347,"marks":73348,"value":73349,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Enabling you to enforce MFA the next time an employee logs into an app (even when the app itself doesn’t allow you to enforce mandatory MFA) — particularly handy if a weak, 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",{"data":76998,"content":76999,"nodeType":883},{},[77000,77004,77013],{"data":77001,"marks":77002,"value":77003,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This might not seem that high at face value – but it’s enough that attackers can feasibly take over accounts linked to every business app used in the organization just by abusing password vulnerabilities through attacks like ",{"data":77005,"content":77007,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77006},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-is-credential-stuffing/",[77008],{"data":77009,"marks":77010,"value":77012,"nodeType":867},{},[77011],{"type":876},"credential stuffing",{"data":77014,"marks":77015,"value":77016,"nodeType":867},{},[],". For a 1,000 user organization, this leaves them with 1,367 user accounts that are highly vulnerable to account takeover.",{"data":77018,"content":77019,"nodeType":883},{},[77020],{"data":77021,"marks":77022,"value":77023,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The situation gets worse when a password is the sole login method set, with these accounts lacking MFA in 4 out of 5 cases. ",{"data":77025,"content":77026,"nodeType":921},{},[77027],{"data":77028,"marks":77029,"value":77030,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO is not a silver bullet",{"data":77032,"content":77033,"nodeType":883},{},[77034,77038,77045],{"data":77035,"marks":77036,"value":77037,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO can be used to reduce an organization's susceptibility to password-based attacks, but the vast majority (97%) of SSO logins track back to an original password login to an IdP (due to the marginal use of passwordless authentication) while in 10% of cases a local password login is set alongside SSO – potentially introducing ",{"data":77039,"content":77040,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19974},[77041],{"data":77042,"marks":77043,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[77044],{"type":876},{"data":77046,"marks":77047,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77049,"content":77050,"nodeType":883},{},[77051],{"data":77052,"marks":77053,"value":77054,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You might expect these password-based logins to be highly scrutinized due to the criticality of these accounts – but we found that 1 in 5 IdP accounts is missing MFA, and a non-unique password is present for 10% of IdP accounts (meaning that if the same username and password combination is compromised on another app, the risk of a lateral account compromise is much higher). ",{"data":77056,"content":77057,"nodeType":883},{},[77058,77062],{"data":77059,"marks":77060,"value":77061,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since Microsoft, Okta, and Google IdP accounts are the most targeted identities by attackers due to their value if compromised, these accounts are under a huge amount of pressure from attackers – ",{"data":77063,"marks":77064,"value":77065,"nodeType":867},{},[],"multiplying the risk to single factor authentication IdP accounts.",{"data":77067,"content":77068,"nodeType":921},{},[77069],{"data":77070,"marks":77071,"value":77072,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pretty much all identities can be phished",{"data":77074,"content":77075,"nodeType":883},{},[77076,77080,77088,77092,77098],{"data":77077,"marks":77078,"value":77079,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Almost all identities (~99%) are susceptible to phishing attacks – either because MFA is missing, or the types of MFA implemented are weak to modern phishing attacks such as ",{"data":77081,"content":77082,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[77083],{"data":77084,"marks":77085,"value":77087,"nodeType":867},{},[77086],{"type":876},"Adversary in the Middle (AitM) phishing kits",{"data":77089,"marks":77090,"value":77091,"nodeType":867},{},[],", or techniques such as ",{"data":77093,"content":77094,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7148},[77095],{"data":77096,"marks":77097,"value":7153,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77099,"marks":77100,"value":77101,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The most common MFA methods are phone call, push notification, and one-time passcode – all of which are phishable or bypassable. ",{"data":77103,"content":77104,"nodeType":883},{},[77105],{"data":77106,"marks":77107,"value":77108,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even in the small number of cases where we identified a passwordless authentication method that is regarded as phishing-resistant (e.g. passkeys, biometrics, etc.) there is a backup, phishable method set for over half of them. ",{"data":77110,"content":77111,"nodeType":912},{},[77112],{"data":77113,"marks":77114,"value":77115,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So... what does this mean in real terms? ",{"data":77117,"content":77118,"nodeType":883},{},[77119],{"data":77120,"marks":77121,"value":77122,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The main conclusion from the data is that identity vulnerabilities exist almost everywhere. Some are certainly more likely to be exploited than others (e.g. an account with a reused password and no MFA is a higher risk than an account with MFA) but attackers have the means to take over most accounts using widely available tooling and know-how. ",{"data":77124,"content":77125,"nodeType":883},{},[77126],{"data":77127,"marks":77128,"value":77129,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To bring this to life, here’s an infographic representing the identity attack surface for a 1,000 seat organization. ",{"data":77131,"content":77134,"nodeType":892},{"target":77132},{"sys":77133},{"id":37537,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":77136,"content":77137,"nodeType":883},{},[77138],{"data":77139,"marks":77140,"value":77141,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This shows that investing in your identity security baseline only gets you so far – ultimately, you need to be prepared to detect and respond to attacks rather than relying on prevention alone. That said, progress over perfection should always be the aim when it comes to posture management, and shoring up your identity vulnerabilities is an important long-term project. ",{"data":77143,"content":77144,"nodeType":912},{},[77145],{"data":77146,"marks":77147,"value":77148,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detection and response is the key",{"data":77150,"content":77151,"nodeType":883},{},[77152],{"data":77153,"marks":77154,"value":77155,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Looking at the scale of the challenge, it’s pretty clear that completely scrubbing your workforce identities of all possible vulnerabilities isn’t really an achievable goal. A strong baseline is important, but it will only ever get you so far. Rather than playing whack-a-mole, organizations need to prepare to detect and respond to the techniques and tools being used by attackers when they exploit these vulnerabilities.  ",{"data":77157,"content":77158,"nodeType":883},{},[77159],{"data":77160,"marks":77161,"value":77162,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is nothing new – this approach has been preached by security operations leaders for more than a decade. But until now, identity security has been much more focused on prevention than detection and response. And with attackers increasingly turning to identity attacks, the sheer volume of identity vulnerabilities (and the rate that they are introduced) means that posture management alone isn’t sufficient.",{"data":77164,"content":77165,"nodeType":883},{},[77166],{"data":77167,"marks":77168,"value":77169,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Like endpoint and network security before, you can no longer rely on prevention alone, and organizations need to ensure they can detect and respond to indicators of identity attacks to be able to manage the risk effectively. ",{"data":77171,"content":77172,"nodeType":912},{},[77173],{"data":77174,"marks":77175,"value":6771,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77177,"content":77178,"nodeType":883},{},[77179,77183,77191],{"data":77180,"marks":77181,"value":77182,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push helps organizations to detect and prevent identity attacks as they happen, by intercepting and shutting down attacks in the browser. It also provides valuable data to find and fix identity vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. ",{"data":77184,"content":77185,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[77186],{"data":77187,"marks":77188,"value":77190,"nodeType":867},{},[77189],{"type":876},"Book a demo here to find out more.",{"data":77192,"marks":77193,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77195,"content":77199,"nodeType":892},{"target":77196},{"sys":77197},{"id":77198,"type":889,"linkType":890},"11p9wnGrZHqp3XPpThHFk3",[],{"data":77201,"content":77202,"nodeType":883},{},[77203],{"data":77204,"marks":77205,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":77207},{"hyperlink":77208,"inline":77209,"block":77210},[],[],[77211,77218,77221],{"sys":77212,"__typename":1584,"title":77213,"caption":77214,"layoutMode":59,"file":77215},{"id":58990},"Sankey","How identity vulnerabilities are introduced based on account authentication methods, and how they can be exploited using different attack techniques.",{"url":77216,"width":77217,"height":77217},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/55oogXnSqSaDWXvUS0QhES/9e14e2456093c868881578a02d925e29/Sankey_chart_-_Final.png",4320,{"sys":77219,"__typename":1584,"title":37876,"caption":37877,"layoutMode":59,"file":77220},{"id":37537},{"url":37879,"width":37880,"height":37881},{"sys":77222,"__typename":1577,"type":56895,"ctaText":77223,"buttonLabel":77224,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":59},{"id":77198},"Book a demo to see how Push stops account takeover","Book demo",{"items":77226},[],{},"Using Push data to quantify identity vulnerabilities",{"url":77230},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7v4Zx9Ac2V6txIpDbp0WU4/ae2916d0cd69f4f7e47bf0fc1cff07d3/Sankey_chart_-_cropped_-_higher_res__1_.png","2024-10-15T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":77233},[77234,78389,79620],{"__typename":1670,"sys":77235,"content":77237,"title":78375,"synopsis":78376,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":78377,"slug":78378,"tagsCollection":78379,"authorsCollection":78385},{"id":77236},"4OrixXXLxRmSDxa7PF9gfM",{"json":77238},{"data":77239,"content":77240,"nodeType":1569},{},[77241,77272,77284,77300,77307,77314,77317,77324,77331,77455,77462,77469,77563,77570,77577,77630,77637,77660,77717,77720,77727,77746,77766,77773,77792,77799,77811,77814,77821,77828,77876,77883,77890,77908,77911,77918,77925,77932,77951,77958,77965,77972,77990,77997,78004,78011,78018,78037,78044,78051,78058,78065,78094,78100,78103,78110,78117,78123,78130,78137,78160,78167,78174,78217,78233,78252,78258,78265,78272,78279,78311,78356,78363,78369],{"data":77242,"content":77243,"nodeType":883},{},[77244,77248,77256,77260,77268],{"data":77245,"marks":77246,"value":77247,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealer malware seems to be grabbing the headlines right now. It’s easy to see why, too, after laying claim to one of the ",{"data":77249,"content":77250,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63308},[77251],{"data":77252,"marks":77253,"value":77255,"nodeType":867},{},[77254],{"type":876},"biggest breaches in history",{"data":77257,"marks":77258,"value":77259,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The ",{"data":77261,"content":77262,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2230},[77263],{"data":77264,"marks":77265,"value":77267,"nodeType":867},{},[77266],{"type":876},"recent attacks on Snowflake customers",{"data":77269,"marks":77270,"value":77271,"nodeType":867},{},[]," saw ~165 businesses compromised using stolen credentials, resulting in millions of breached customer records, with the full impact still emerging. ",{"data":77273,"content":77274,"nodeType":883},{},[77275,77279],{"data":77276,"marks":77277,"value":77278,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Notably, ",{"data":77280,"marks":77281,"value":77283,"nodeType":867},{},[77282],{"type":910},"80% of the credentials used to access Snowflake customer accounts had found their way online after being stolen in infostealer infections – dating back as early as 2020. ",{"data":77285,"content":77286,"nodeType":883},{},[77287,77291,77296],{"data":77288,"marks":77289,"value":77290,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Snowflake situation is a reminder of how lucrative stolen credentials can be for attackers – and how the cybercrime ecosystem has tilted as a result. As the saying goes nowadays, ",{"data":77292,"marks":77293,"value":77295,"nodeType":867},{},[77294],{"type":910},"hackers don’t hack in, they log in",{"data":77297,"marks":77298,"value":77299,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Stolen credentials are the lowest hanging fruit available to attackers, and their appetite (and the ecosystem needed to feed it) is insatiable. As an attacker, the prospect of picking up access to a major enterprise for just $10 or less (or even for free) is hard to resist – why wouldn’t you buy a ticket and take the gamble?  ",{"data":77301,"content":77302,"nodeType":883},{},[77303],{"data":77304,"marks":77305,"value":77306,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers are a huge part of the shift toward identity attacks. Along with phishing, infostealers are the primary mechanism for attackers to harvest credentials. Unlike phishing, infostealers can collect a large number of credentials (and other helpful data saved in the browser) in one fell swoop. But, they do have limitations. For example, you would expect any credible EDR to detect and block these attacks. And yet, the success of the attacks on Snowflake customers show us that gaps are being found and exploited.  ",{"data":77308,"content":77309,"nodeType":883},{},[77310],{"data":77311,"marks":77312,"value":77313,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’ll look at the history of infostealers, how they work, and what the trends show us about how the cybercrime ecosystem is leaning into the opportunity they present.    ",{"data":77315,"content":77316,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":77318,"content":77319,"nodeType":912},{},[77320],{"data":77321,"marks":77322,"value":77323,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The state of infostealers today",{"data":77325,"content":77326,"nodeType":883},{},[77327],{"data":77328,"marks":77329,"value":77330,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers, and the mass credential harvesting they enable, are a big part of the rise in identity attacks. The stats support this, as:",{"data":77332,"content":77333,"nodeType":1526},{},[77334,77356,77375,77396,77416,77435],{"data":77335,"content":77336,"nodeType":1505},{},[77337],{"data":77338,"content":77339,"nodeType":883},{},[77340,77344,77353],{"data":77341,"marks":77342,"value":77343,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One million new stealer logs are distributed every month, with an estimated 3-5% containing credentials and session cookies to corporate IT environments (",{"data":77345,"content":77347,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77346},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/single-sign-on-and-the-cybercrime-ecosystem/",[77348],{"data":77349,"marks":77350,"value":77352,"nodeType":867},{},[77351],{"type":876},"Flare",{"data":77354,"marks":77355,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77357,"content":77358,"nodeType":1505},{},[77359],{"data":77360,"content":77361,"nodeType":883},{},[77362,77365,77372],{"data":77363,"marks":77364,"value":73160,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77366,"content":77367,"nodeType":878},{"uri":73163},[77368],{"data":77369,"marks":77370,"value":73169,"nodeType":867},{},[77371],{"type":876},{"data":77373,"marks":77374,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77376,"content":77377,"nodeType":1505},{},[77378],{"data":77379,"content":77380,"nodeType":883},{},[77381,77385,77393],{"data":77382,"marks":77383,"value":77384,"nodeType":867},{},[],"147,000 token replay attacks were detected by Microsoft in 2023, an 111% increase year-over-year (",{"data":77386,"content":77388,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77387},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-entra-blog/how-to-break-the-token-theft-cyber-attack-chain/ba-p/4062700",[77389],{"data":77390,"marks":77391,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[77392],{"type":876},{"data":77394,"marks":77395,"value":8624,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77397,"content":77398,"nodeType":1505},{},[77399],{"data":77400,"content":77401,"nodeType":883},{},[77402,77406,77413],{"data":77403,"marks":77404,"value":77405,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Over 1000 credentials are posted online per day, per marketplace with an average sale price of $10, and 65% posted less than one day after being collected (",{"data":77407,"content":77408,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67182},[77409],{"data":77410,"marks":77411,"value":7671,"nodeType":867},{},[77412],{"type":876},{"data":77414,"marks":77415,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77417,"content":77418,"nodeType":1505},{},[77419],{"data":77420,"content":77421,"nodeType":883},{},[77422,77426,77432],{"data":77423,"marks":77424,"value":77425,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers (",{"data":77427,"content":77428,"nodeType":878},{"uri":73185},[77429],{"data":77430,"marks":77431,"value":73191,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77433,"marks":77434,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77436,"content":77437,"nodeType":1505},{},[77438],{"data":77439,"content":77440,"nodeType":883},{},[77441,77445,77452],{"data":77442,"marks":77443,"value":77444,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks on session cookies happen at the same order of magnitude as password-based attacks (",{"data":77446,"content":77447,"nodeType":878},{"uri":73227},[77448],{"data":77449,"marks":77450,"value":45668,"nodeType":867},{},[77451],{"type":876},{"data":77453,"marks":77454,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77456,"content":77457,"nodeType":921},{},[77458],{"data":77459,"marks":77460,"value":77461,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How did we get here?",{"data":77463,"content":77464,"nodeType":883},{},[77465],{"data":77466,"marks":77467,"value":77468,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s go back to the beginning. When they first emerged, infostealers were designed to steal online banking and credit card information. The most notable early example comes from as far back as 2006 with the ZeuS trojan. After the ZeuS source code was leaked in March 2011, the creation of multiple variants boosted the popularity of this type of malware and inspired the development of infostealers with increasingly sophisticated capabilities.",{"data":77470,"content":77471,"nodeType":883},{},[77472,77476,77485,77489,77498,77502,77511,77514,77523,77526,77535,77538,77547,77550,77559],{"data":77473,"marks":77474,"value":77475,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern infostealers rose to prominence in around 2018 with the emergence of ",{"data":77477,"content":77479,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77478},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.arkei_stealer",[77480],{"data":77481,"marks":77482,"value":77484,"nodeType":867},{},[77483],{"type":876},"Arkei",{"data":77486,"marks":77487,"value":77488,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which quickly spawned the more popular ",{"data":77490,"content":77492,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77491},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.vidar",[77493],{"data":77494,"marks":77495,"value":77497,"nodeType":867},{},[77496],{"type":876},"Vidar",{"data":77499,"marks":77500,"value":77501,"nodeType":867},{},[]," stealer. Today, some of the most popular families are ",{"data":77503,"content":77505,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77504},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.risepro",[77506],{"data":77507,"marks":77508,"value":77510,"nodeType":867},{},[77509],{"type":876},"RisePro",{"data":77512,"marks":77513,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77515,"content":77517,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77516},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.redline_stealer",[77518],{"data":77519,"marks":77520,"value":77522,"nodeType":867},{},[77521],{"type":876},"RedLine",{"data":77524,"marks":77525,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77527,"content":77529,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77528},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.stealc",[77530],{"data":77531,"marks":77532,"value":77534,"nodeType":867},{},[77533],{"type":876},"StealC",{"data":77536,"marks":77537,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77539,"content":77541,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77540},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.raccoon",[77542],{"data":77543,"marks":77544,"value":77546,"nodeType":867},{},[77545],{"type":876},"Raccoon",{"data":77548,"marks":77549,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77551,"content":77553,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77552},"https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.lumma",[77554],{"data":77555,"marks":77556,"value":77558,"nodeType":867},{},[77557],{"type":876},"Lumma",{"data":77560,"marks":77561,"value":77562,"nodeType":867},{},[],", with new variants and families appearing all the time. ",{"data":77564,"content":77565,"nodeType":883},{},[77566],{"data":77567,"marks":77568,"value":77569,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers are used by all manner of threat actors of varying levels of sophistication. For larger groups with sufficient resources, the creation of new, custom stealers and malware packages is a common tactic to attempt to evade detection. ",{"data":77571,"content":77572,"nodeType":883},{},[77573],{"data":77574,"marks":77575,"value":77576,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But despite all the variants, infostealers do have common capabilities and characteristics, such as:",{"data":77578,"content":77579,"nodeType":1526},{},[77580,77590,77600,77610,77620],{"data":77581,"content":77582,"nodeType":1505},{},[77583],{"data":77584,"content":77585,"nodeType":883},{},[77586],{"data":77587,"marks":77588,"value":77589,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Extracting information from the browsers of a compromised device, such as passwords, cookies, autofill information, downloaded file information.",{"data":77591,"content":77592,"nodeType":1505},{},[77593],{"data":77594,"content":77595,"nodeType":883},{},[77596],{"data":77597,"marks":77598,"value":77599,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Snapshotting the desktop and system inventory, with details such as the username, location data, hardware configuration, and information regarding installed security software.",{"data":77601,"content":77602,"nodeType":1505},{},[77603],{"data":77604,"content":77605,"nodeType":883},{},[77606],{"data":77607,"marks":77608,"value":77609,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Sending stolen data back to a C2 server.",{"data":77611,"content":77612,"nodeType":1505},{},[77613],{"data":77614,"content":77615,"nodeType":883},{},[77616],{"data":77617,"marks":77618,"value":77619,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Facilitating the deployment of additional tools and malware as part of a package. ",{"data":77621,"content":77622,"nodeType":1505},{},[77623],{"data":77624,"content":77625,"nodeType":883},{},[77626],{"data":77627,"marks":77628,"value":77629,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Often (but not always) self-terminating once complete, leaving little trace on the victim machine and no ongoing behavior that might be detected. ",{"data":77631,"content":77632,"nodeType":883},{},[77633],{"data":77634,"marks":77635,"value":77636,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers are distributed in similar ways to other types of malware, such as:",{"data":77638,"content":77639,"nodeType":1526},{},[77640,77650],{"data":77641,"content":77642,"nodeType":1505},{},[77643],{"data":77644,"content":77645,"nodeType":883},{},[77646],{"data":77647,"marks":77648,"value":77649,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Delivery of malicious executable files via phishing emails or by having a victim download content from a malicious website. ",{"data":77651,"content":77652,"nodeType":1505},{},[77653],{"data":77654,"content":77655,"nodeType":883},{},[77656],{"data":77657,"marks":77658,"value":77659,"nodeType":867},{},[],"‘Drive-by’ style attacks where the victim has only to visit an infected website.",{"data":77661,"content":77662,"nodeType":883},{},[77663,77667,77676,77679,77688,77691,77700,77704,77713],{"data":77664,"marks":77665,"value":77666,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They’re typically spread via malvertising, P2P downloads, and deceptive software download sites. ",{"data":77668,"content":77670,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77669},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fake-cheat-lures-gamers-into-spreading-infostealer-malware/",[77671],{"data":77672,"marks":77673,"value":77675,"nodeType":867},{},[77674],{"type":876},"Gaming forums",{"data":77677,"marks":77678,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77680,"content":77682,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77681},"https://cybersecuritynews.com/facebook-account-hijack-malware/",[77683],{"data":77684,"marks":77685,"value":77687,"nodeType":867},{},[77686],{"type":876},"Facebook ads",{"data":77689,"marks":77690,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77692,"content":77694,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77693},"https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/lumma-variant-on-youtube",[77695],{"data":77696,"marks":77697,"value":77699,"nodeType":867},{},[77698],{"type":876},"YouTube video descriptions",{"data":77701,"marks":77702,"value":77703,"nodeType":867},{},[]," are popular locations for malicious links, but recent examples also include ",{"data":77705,"content":77707,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77706},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/over-3-000-github-accounts-used-by-malware-distribution-service/",[77708],{"data":77709,"marks":77710,"value":77712,"nodeType":867},{},[77711],{"type":876},"complex malware distribution networks on GitHub",{"data":77714,"marks":77715,"value":77716,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – such as the recent campaign from ‘Stargazer Goblin’ with more than 3,000 fake accounts creating and promoting hundreds of fake repositories to increase their apparent legitimacy and make them more likely to appear on GitHub's trending section.",{"data":77718,"content":77719,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":77721,"content":77722,"nodeType":912},{},[77723],{"data":77724,"marks":77725,"value":77726,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers are key to the cybercrime ecosystem",{"data":77728,"content":77729,"nodeType":883},{},[77730,77734,77742],{"data":77731,"marks":77732,"value":77733,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After being stolen, ",{"data":77735,"content":77736,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77346},[77737],{"data":77738,"marks":77739,"value":77741,"nodeType":867},{},[77740],{"type":876},"infostealer data inevitably finds its way onto hacker forums and marketplaces",{"data":77743,"marks":77744,"value":77745,"nodeType":867},{},[],", both on the clearweb and darkweb. Popular infostealers have their own dedicated Telegram channels to advertise and sell stolen data. Private channels also exist, with the channel owner distributing tens of thousands of logs per week to a limited number of threat actors who pay $200-$400 for access to the channel. This allows them to get ‘first pick’ of stolen logs, which are later shared through public Telegram channels. ",{"data":77747,"content":77748,"nodeType":883},{},[77749,77753,77762],{"data":77750,"marks":77751,"value":77752,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Public data eventually makes its way onto services such as Have I Been Pwned (HIBP), which gives individuals and security teams some visibility of which credentials have been compromised. For example, ",{"data":77754,"content":77756,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77755},"https://www.troyhunt.com/telegram-combolists-and-361m-email-addresses/",[77757],{"data":77758,"marks":77759,"value":77761,"nodeType":867},{},[77760],{"type":876},"in June, Troy Hunt (creator of HIBP) wrote",{"data":77763,"marks":77764,"value":77765,"nodeType":867},{},[]," about the impact of channels like Telegram and the sale of combolists (username, password, login portal URL), after being sent 122GB of data scraped out of thousands of Telegram channels, containing 361M unique email addresses (of which 151M had never been seen in HIBP before). ",{"data":77767,"content":77768,"nodeType":883},{},[77769],{"data":77770,"marks":77771,"value":77772,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The cybercrime ecosystem is complex, with a developed supply chain and organizations fulfilling different roles as a result: from malware-as-a-service developers, to initial access brokers, to the operators that actually conduct the attacks (be they ransomware, data theft, etc.) – and many, many other roles in between. Sometimes, a single group and/or its affiliates will conduct the full chain, but this is far less common today. ",{"data":77774,"content":77775,"nodeType":883},{},[77776,77779,77788],{"data":77777,"marks":77778,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77780,"content":77782,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77781},"https://www.secureworks.com/research/the-growing-threat-from-infostealers",[77783],{"data":77784,"marks":77785,"value":77787,"nodeType":867},{},[77786],{"type":876},"Infostealers are often sold by malware developers to other attackers as a monthly subscription service.",{"data":77789,"marks":77790,"value":77791,"nodeType":867},{},[]," The price can range from $50 to over $1,000 USD per month for access to a stealer command and control (C2) server operated by the developer. The service often features a range of support functions, including multiple ways to view, download, and share stolen data. Self-hosted stealer C2 servers are also available and are usually sold for a flat fee. ",{"data":77793,"content":77794,"nodeType":883},{},[77795],{"data":77796,"marks":77797,"value":77798,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s also evidence that there is an element of target coordination – with one marketplace, Russian Market, allowing users to ‘preorder’ credentials for a $1,000 USD deposit from 2022. ",{"data":77800,"content":77801,"nodeType":883},{},[77802,77807],{"data":77803,"marks":77804,"value":77806,"nodeType":867},{},[77805],{"type":910},"So what? Well, there's evidently an abundance of breached data already online, and attackers have the tools readily available to have this pile grow exponentially bigger and more useful.",{"data":77808,"marks":77809,"value":77810,"nodeType":867},{},[]," It’s also probably more coordinated than we like to admit – a particularly intimidating prospect in the wake of Snowflake, which will no doubt have many criminals smelling blood in the water. ",{"data":77812,"content":77813,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":77815,"content":77816,"nodeType":912},{},[77817],{"data":77818,"marks":77819,"value":77820,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How can stolen data be abused by attackers? ",{"data":77822,"content":77823,"nodeType":883},{},[77824],{"data":77825,"marks":77826,"value":77827,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s pretty obvious that attackers getting access to all of your passwords and session cookies is bad, but there is a clear value hierarchy from a corporate security perspective. So, from highest to lowest risk:",{"data":77829,"content":77830,"nodeType":1526},{},[77831,77846,77861],{"data":77832,"content":77833,"nodeType":1505},{},[77834],{"data":77835,"content":77836,"nodeType":883},{},[77837,77842],{"data":77838,"marks":77839,"value":77841,"nodeType":867},{},[77840],{"type":910},"Stolen session cookies",{"data":77843,"marks":77844,"value":77845,"nodeType":867},{},[]," simply need to be imported into an attacker’s browser to resume an active session on an app. That means access can be gained without needing to enter a username and password, or pass any MFA checks. ",{"data":77847,"content":77848,"nodeType":1505},{},[77849],{"data":77850,"content":77851,"nodeType":883},{},[77852,77857],{"data":77853,"marks":77854,"value":77856,"nodeType":867},{},[77855],{"type":910},"Stolen usernames, passwords",{"data":77858,"marks":77859,"value":77860,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and login page URLs can be used to access any accounts that lack MFA. ",{"data":77862,"content":77863,"nodeType":1505},{},[77864],{"data":77865,"content":77866,"nodeType":883},{},[77867,77872],{"data":77868,"marks":77869,"value":77871,"nodeType":867},{},[77870],{"type":910},"Stolen autofill data",{"data":77873,"marks":77874,"value":77875,"nodeType":867},{},[]," can be used to gather other valuable information that could be useful for impersonating the victim when speaking to social engineering IT support staff, for example to reset or remove MFA.",{"data":77877,"content":77878,"nodeType":883},{},[77879],{"data":77880,"marks":77881,"value":77882,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Naturally, stolen session cookies are the most valuable prize, but they are often valid for only a limited time before the user must re-authenticate, and active sessions can often be terminated by security admins. Unfortunately, it’s not that uncommon for sessions to last for up to a month, or even sometimes indefinitely.",{"data":77884,"content":77885,"nodeType":883},{},[77886],{"data":77887,"marks":77888,"value":77889,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stolen usernames and passwords are a different story. As the Snowflake breaches demonstrate, passwords can remain valid for years after a breach, particularly in the world of SaaS apps where mandatory password rotation is not as common as for a user’s primary domain account.",{"data":77891,"content":77892,"nodeType":883},{},[77893,77897,77904],{"data":77894,"marks":77895,"value":77896,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s also the problem of ",{"data":77898,"content":77899,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19974},[77900],{"data":77901,"marks":77902,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[77903],{"type":876},{"data":77905,"marks":77906,"value":77907,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – where a local login with a username and password (and probably lacking MFA) can exist alongside other, more secure login methods such as SSO. Given the fact that many apps are self-adopted by users, these accounts continue to exist even when an app is subsequently added to SSO via the chosen IdP, meaning they can fly under the radar of security teams. ",{"data":77909,"content":77910,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":77912,"content":77913,"nodeType":912},{},[77914],{"data":77915,"marks":77916,"value":77917,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Should you be concerned about infostealers?",{"data":77919,"content":77920,"nodeType":883},{},[77921],{"data":77922,"marks":77923,"value":77924,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s commonly thought that infostealers are primarily a concern for unmanaged devices that lack security controls common to corporate IT, such as EDR. But there’s a couple of reasons why corporate users are also at risk:",{"data":77926,"content":77927,"nodeType":921},{},[77928],{"data":77929,"marks":77930,"value":77931,"nodeType":867},{},[],"EDR can be bypassed",{"data":77933,"content":77934,"nodeType":883},{},[77935,77939,77948],{"data":77936,"marks":77937,"value":77938,"nodeType":867},{},[],"EDR is seen as the go-to solution for defending against infostealer malware. However, attackers are always looking for ways to get around security controls by obfuscating malicious behavior and evading signature-based checks. For example, ",{"data":77940,"content":77942,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77941},"https://thehackernews.com/2024/07/microsoft-defender-flaw-exploited-to.html",[77943],{"data":77944,"marks":77945,"value":77947,"nodeType":867},{},[77946],{"type":876},"a flaw in Microsoft Defender SmartScreen was recently exploited to deliver infostealer malware",{"data":77949,"marks":77950,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":77952,"content":77953,"nodeType":883},{},[77954],{"data":77955,"marks":77956,"value":77957,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Getting total coverage across your endpoint estate is notoriously difficult, if not totally unrealistic. Unless the malware is stopped on execution, then data will inevitably be stolen, and will continue to be taken until stopped (or it self-terminates). And once an attacker has stolen employee credentials or sessions, the credential stuffing and session hijacking attacks that come next won’t touch the endpoint. For those reasons, you can’t rely on EDR as a single line of defense against infostealers.",{"data":77959,"content":77960,"nodeType":921},{},[77961],{"data":77962,"marks":77963,"value":77964,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unmanaged devices such as BYOD or third-parties are vulnerable",{"data":77966,"content":77967,"nodeType":883},{},[77968],{"data":77969,"marks":77970,"value":77971,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Companies that support BYOD often have less secure configurations than those with fully managed devices. The same applies to third-party contractors, who often use their own devices to access company systems on a temporary basis. ",{"data":77973,"content":77974,"nodeType":883},{},[77975,77979,77986],{"data":77976,"marks":77977,"value":77978,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This issue was acutely felt in the Snowflake attacks: There is some suggestion that targeting key third-party suppliers – ",{"data":77980,"content":77981,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63719},[77982],{"data":77983,"marks":77984,"value":63725,"nodeType":867},{},[77985],{"type":876},{"data":77987,"marks":77988,"value":77989,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – yielded some of the access needed. It’s unclear what came first, but it’s possible (likely, even) that EPAM was identified as a target specifically because of its lucrative customer base – third-parties are a known weak point for red teamers, so it would be foolish to assume that attackers don’t also think this way. It’s possible too that EPAM were specifically targeted because of their Snowflake chops – adding another indicator that Snowflake was potentially a premeditated attack inspired by the availability of Snowflake credentials online. ",{"data":77991,"content":77992,"nodeType":921},{},[77993],{"data":77994,"marks":77995,"value":77996,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Browser profiles can be synced across devices, increasing the blast radius",{"data":77998,"content":77999,"nodeType":883},{},[78000],{"data":78001,"marks":78002,"value":78003,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s not uncommon for employees to access their personal email accounts from company devices. When accessing any browser, you are typically prompted to sign in with your account credentials (e.g. your Google account). If a user signs into a browser on a company device with a personal account, you’re usually prompted to sync your account across devices. This usually means that any saved passwords, search history, and settings are shared across devices. ",{"data":78005,"content":78006,"nodeType":883},{},[78007],{"data":78008,"marks":78009,"value":78010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Naturally, this means that if a personal device is compromised where you’re also logged into the browser profile, then an infostealer will be able to harvest information saved into that profile across devices.",{"data":78012,"content":78013,"nodeType":883},{},[78014],{"data":78015,"marks":78016,"value":78017,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even when using separate browser profiles for work and personal, it’s easy for the two to converge, or to slip into using the wrong profile. Accessing personal accounts (or at least synchronizing data across accounts) is usually a workplace policy violation, but it’s unfortunately all too common. ",{"data":78019,"content":78020,"nodeType":883},{},[78021,78025,78034],{"data":78022,"marks":78023,"value":78024,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Previous vulnerabilities have exacerbated this problem, such as ",{"data":78026,"content":78028,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78027},"https://thehackernews.com/2024/01/malware-using-google-multilogin-exploit.html",[78029],{"data":78030,"marks":78031,"value":78033,"nodeType":867},{},[78032],{"type":876},"an exploit affecting Google MultiLogin to maintain access to synced accounts even after a password reset",{"data":78035,"marks":78036,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78038,"content":78039,"nodeType":921},{},[78040],{"data":78041,"marks":78042,"value":78043,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Are infostealers a bigger problem than credential phishing? ",{"data":78045,"content":78046,"nodeType":883},{},[78047],{"data":78048,"marks":78049,"value":78050,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The short answer is: No. The longer answer is: They are both part of the bigger problem of identity attacks, and attackers can wield both approaches simultaneously. ",{"data":78052,"content":78053,"nodeType":883},{},[78054],{"data":78055,"marks":78056,"value":78057,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While they are delivered to victims in similar ways to phishing links, most organizations are arguably better protected against infostealers than modern phishing attacks because endpoint security controls provide another layer of protection, in theory – whereas modern phishing attacks don’t necessarily involve the delivery of malware that executes on the device. ",{"data":78059,"content":78060,"nodeType":883},{},[78061],{"data":78062,"marks":78063,"value":78064,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers arguably provide more bang for the attacker’s buck, grabbing a stack of credentials and useful data in one go. In contrast, phishing is usually much more targeted, and involves the compromise of a narrower set of credentials – typically focusing on a particular site or app. ",{"data":78066,"content":78067,"nodeType":883},{},[78068,78072,78080,78084,78090],{"data":78069,"marks":78070,"value":78071,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s worth focusing on the TTP, not the particular tool being used: The attacker technique here is ",{"data":78073,"content":78074,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71153},[78075],{"data":78076,"marks":78077,"value":78079,"nodeType":867},{},[78078],{"type":876},"session cookie theft",{"data":78081,"marks":78082,"value":78083,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and subsequently session hijacking by importing the cookie into the attacker’s browser. Both infostealers and ",{"data":78085,"content":78086,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[78087],{"data":78088,"marks":78089,"value":66995,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78091,"marks":78092,"value":78093,"nodeType":867},{},[]," involve the theft of session tokens, and so are valid means to achieve this end. In fact, there’s nothing to stop threat groups from employing both simultaneously.",{"data":78095,"content":78099,"nodeType":892},{"target":78096},{"sys":78097},{"id":78098,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7fil6aaQDFfJGYUnQ14k10",[],{"data":78101,"content":78102,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":78104,"content":78105,"nodeType":912},{},[78106],{"data":78107,"marks":78108,"value":78109,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers in action",{"data":78111,"content":78112,"nodeType":883},{},[78113],{"data":78114,"marks":78115,"value":78116,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Check out the video demo below to see the attack chain in action from the point of an infostealer compromise, showing session cookie theft, reimporting the cookies into the attacker's browser, and evading policy-based controls in M365. It also shows the targeting of downstream apps that are usually accessed via SSO in the context of both a Microsoft Entra and Okta compromise.",{"data":78118,"content":78122,"nodeType":892},{"target":78119},{"sys":78120},{"id":78121,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4J7LqqjQX2W52AbmcVmjUt",[],{"data":78124,"content":78125,"nodeType":912},{},[78126],{"data":78127,"marks":78128,"value":78129,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What can organizations do about the infostealer threat? ",{"data":78131,"content":78132,"nodeType":883},{},[78133],{"data":78134,"marks":78135,"value":78136,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security teams should have two main concerns:",{"data":78138,"content":78139,"nodeType":1526},{},[78140,78150],{"data":78141,"content":78142,"nodeType":1505},{},[78143],{"data":78144,"content":78145,"nodeType":883},{},[78146],{"data":78147,"marks":78148,"value":78149,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Data that is already out there from historical data dumps, but is still valid. ",{"data":78151,"content":78152,"nodeType":1505},{},[78153],{"data":78154,"content":78155,"nodeType":883},{},[78156],{"data":78157,"marks":78158,"value":78159,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Data in private channels that attackers could use in the future, that you are blind to. ",{"data":78161,"content":78162,"nodeType":883},{},[78163],{"data":78164,"marks":78165,"value":78166,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As always, the root-cause of the problem is a lack of meaningful visibility of what apps your employees are using (including those outside your IdP) and whether the associated identities are configured securely. ",{"data":78168,"content":78169,"nodeType":883},{},[78170],{"data":78171,"marks":78172,"value":78173,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A layered, defense-in-depth approach is required to resolve the issue, by:",{"data":78175,"content":78176,"nodeType":1526},{},[78177,78187,78197,78207],{"data":78178,"content":78179,"nodeType":1505},{},[78180],{"data":78181,"content":78182,"nodeType":883},{},[78183],{"data":78184,"marks":78185,"value":78186,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Deploying MFA across all your identities and apps, including any local logins that can’t be put behind SSO. ",{"data":78188,"content":78189,"nodeType":1505},{},[78190],{"data":78191,"content":78192,"nodeType":883},{},[78193],{"data":78194,"marks":78195,"value":78196,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Configuring time-limited session lifetimes for all apps to ensure that any stolen session tokens can only be used temporarily. ",{"data":78198,"content":78199,"nodeType":1505},{},[78200],{"data":78201,"content":78202,"nodeType":883},{},[78203],{"data":78204,"marks":78205,"value":78206,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ensuring that employees don’t access or synchronize personal accounts on their work devices, as well as limiting non-work activities on their work device as much as possible.",{"data":78208,"content":78209,"nodeType":1505},{},[78210],{"data":78211,"content":78212,"nodeType":883},{},[78213],{"data":78214,"marks":78215,"value":78216,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Implementing a robust EDR/MDR solution to detect and respond to malware compromises on user devices. ",{"data":78218,"content":78219,"nodeType":883},{},[78220,78224,78229],{"data":78221,"marks":78222,"value":78223,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations also have the option of investing in a commercial TI feed to detect and report data breaches affecting employees. But in our experience, these feeds contain ",{"data":78225,"marks":78226,"value":78228,"nodeType":867},{},[78227],{"type":910},"a lot ",{"data":78230,"marks":78231,"value":78232,"nodeType":867},{},[],"of false positives – so unless you have password visibility for employee accounts across apps, it’s going to waste a chunk of valuable time for you and your employees.",{"data":78234,"content":78235,"nodeType":883},{},[78236,78240,78248],{"data":78237,"marks":78238,"value":78239,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It would be remiss of us not to mention our recently released ",{"data":78241,"content":78242,"nodeType":878},{"uri":64056},[78243],{"data":78244,"marks":78245,"value":78247,"nodeType":867},{},[78246],{"type":876},"session token theft detection feature",{"data":78249,"marks":78250,"value":78251,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that identifies session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string – using the power of our browser agent to create a new high-fidelity signal for security teams. It can also be applied more generally to detect any session taking place in an unmanaged browser – so you can use it to spot unauthorized access to company apps in general, too.  ",{"data":78253,"content":78257,"nodeType":892},{"target":78254},{"sys":78255},{"id":78256,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3XgpqEGzZSD2J0uvnCg5D8",[],{"data":78259,"content":78260,"nodeType":921},{},[78261],{"data":78262,"marks":78263,"value":78264,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What’s next for infostealers?",{"data":78266,"content":78267,"nodeType":883},{},[78268],{"data":78269,"marks":78270,"value":78271,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All the signs point to the fact that infostealers will continue being a useful tool in the attacker’s arsenal. The Snowflake attacks in particular are both a warning for defenders and encouragement for attackers. It's also a good reminder that while infostealers were once used to harvest things like VPN creds to pivot to the internal network, they're now largely used to target third-party services over the internet. ",{"data":78273,"content":78274,"nodeType":883},{},[78275],{"data":78276,"marks":78277,"value":78278,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To evade EDR, it’s likely that we’ll see a growing number of families and variants used by individual groups, or better ‘enterprise’ capabilities from malware-as-a-service vendors. ",{"data":78280,"content":78281,"nodeType":883},{},[78282,78286,78295,78299,78307],{"data":78283,"marks":78284,"value":78285,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One notable quirk is that, to date, infostealers have not really branched out from targeting browsers. Take the example of password manager apps – you would think this would be an obvious target, right? But, they’re not usually targeted (",{"data":78287,"content":78289,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78288},"https://securitysenses.com/posts/malware-targeting-password-managers",[78290],{"data":78291,"marks":78292,"value":78294,"nodeType":867},{},[78293],{"type":876},"with some exceptions",{"data":78296,"marks":78297,"value":78298,"nodeType":867},{},[],"). And when they do, ",{"data":78300,"content":78301,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78288},[78302],{"data":78303,"marks":78304,"value":78306,"nodeType":867},{},[78305],{"type":876},"they work by eavesdropping on the password manager’s browser extension in action",{"data":78308,"marks":78309,"value":78310,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – meaning they are intercepted one-at-a-time as the user uses them, rather than targeting the password manager directly and exporting the saved passwords all at once. It will be interesting to see whether these capabilities are added in the future. ",{"data":78312,"content":78313,"nodeType":883},{},[78314,78318,78327,78330,78339,78343,78352],{"data":78315,"marks":78316,"value":78317,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the other hand, there are defensive security developments that could reduce the ability of attackers to leverage things like stolen session tokens, such as ",{"data":78319,"content":78321,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78320},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/conditional-access/concept-token-protection",[78322],{"data":78323,"marks":78324,"value":78326,"nodeType":867},{},[78325],{"type":876},"Microsoft’s token binding feature in Entra",{"data":78328,"marks":78329,"value":6864,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78331,"content":78333,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78332},"https://blog.chromium.org/2024/04/fighting-cookie-theft-using-device.html",[78334],{"data":78335,"marks":78336,"value":78338,"nodeType":867},{},[78337],{"type":876},"Google’s device bound session cookies",{"data":78340,"marks":78341,"value":78342,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Google also released an ",{"data":78344,"content":78346,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78345},"https://security.googleblog.com/2024/07/improving-security-of-chrome-cookies-on.html?m=1",[78347],{"data":78348,"marks":78349,"value":78351,"nodeType":867},{},[78350],{"type":876},"app-bound encryption feature",{"data":78353,"marks":78354,"value":78355,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which adds additional protection against infostealers attempting to steal browser data in Chrome if the underlying Windows device is compromised. ",{"data":78357,"content":78358,"nodeType":883},{},[78359],{"data":78360,"marks":78361,"value":78362,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That said, mature versions of these controls are still years away, and while session cookie theft is a key risk of infostealers, it’s not the only risk – so alternative controls and mitigations remain valuable to security teams in the present. ",{"data":78364,"content":78368,"nodeType":892},{"target":78365},{"sys":78366},{"id":78367,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5loTnpvwGD3kaKMXBp23hZ",[],{"data":78370,"content":78371,"nodeType":883},{},[78372],{"data":78373,"marks":78374,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What the rise of infostealers says about identity attacks","What the rise in popularity of infostealers tells us about the cybercrime ecosystem and the shift toward identity attacks. ","2024-07-31T00:00:00.000Z","what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks",{"items":78380},[78381,78383],{"sys":78382,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":78384,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":78386},[78387],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"profilePicture":78388},{"url":2541},{"__typename":1670,"sys":78390,"content":78392,"title":79606,"synopsis":79607,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":79608,"slug":79609,"tagsCollection":79610,"authorsCollection":79616},{"id":78391},"489LTCEVau7lh88tLgSPX5",{"json":78393},{"data":78394,"content":78395,"nodeType":1569},{},[78396,78403,78423,78430,78436,78443,78474,78480,78486,78493,78500,78506,78513,78533,78540,78547,78553,78560,78567,78615,78633,78640,78647,78654,78660,78667,78674,78681,78688,78695,78702,78714,78720,78727,78746,78764,78771,78778,78798,78805,78822,78829,78880,78887,78906,78913,78918,78935,78953,78960,78978,78985,78991,78998,79014,79021,79028,79034,79041,79048,79055,79062,79067,79074,79081,79088,79095,79101,79108,79115,79127,79143,79150,79157,79223,79230,79237,79244,79251,79258,79265,79272,79279,79297,79304,79310,79317,79323,79330,79337,79344,79350,79357,79364,79371,79404,79411,79418,79425,79432,79439,79446,79453,79460,79508,79514,79521,79564,79570,79577,79594,79600],{"data":78397,"content":78398,"nodeType":883},{},[78399],{"data":78400,"marks":78401,"value":78402,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The last time “hacking” topped the attacker actions chart in a Verizon DBIR, Gamestop was being saved by Redditors, ChatGPT didn’t exist, and Will Smith was welcome at the Oscars. ",{"data":78404,"content":78405,"nodeType":883},{},[78406,78410,78419],{"data":78407,"marks":78408,"value":78409,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s right, it was back in the ",{"data":78411,"content":78413,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78412},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/2021/masters-guide/",[78414],{"data":78415,"marks":78416,"value":78418,"nodeType":867},{},[78417],{"type":876},"2021 DBIR",{"data":78420,"marks":78421,"value":78422,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that good old-fashioned hacking was the thing hackers did the most. ",{"data":78424,"content":78425,"nodeType":883},{},[78426],{"data":78427,"marks":78428,"value":78429,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In every report since, stolen credentials have been the most common “select way-in” (weird term, I know). In this year’s DBIR, stolen credentials accounted for roughly half of the breaches recorded. ",{"data":78431,"content":78435,"nodeType":892},{"target":78432},{"sys":78433},{"id":78434,"type":889,"linkType":890},"16WQ5Siz92HZKCjDsxWBdr",[],{"data":78437,"content":78438,"nodeType":883},{},[78439],{"data":78440,"marks":78441,"value":78442,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These stats, along with others like CrowdStrike’s widely cited “80% of attacks involve identity and compromised credentials,” continue to prove that “hackers don’t hack in, they log in.” ",{"data":78444,"content":78445,"nodeType":883},{},[78446,78450,78458,78462,78470],{"data":78447,"marks":78448,"value":78449,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the last year, more stories behind those statistics have started to emerge with a series of high profile “no-hack” identity attacks hitting the headlines – the most recent being the ",{"data":78451,"content":78453,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78452},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/snowflake-the-tip-of-the-iceberg/",[78454],{"data":78455,"marks":78456,"value":70075,"nodeType":867},{},[78457],{"type":876},{"data":78459,"marks":78460,"value":78461,"nodeType":867},{},[],". You can read more about that breach and others in our repository of ",{"data":78463,"content":78464,"nodeType":878},{"uri":61458},[78465],{"data":78466,"marks":78467,"value":78469,"nodeType":867},{},[78468],{"type":876},"identity attacks in the wild",{"data":78471,"marks":78472,"value":78473,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where we take a deep dive into the techniques attackers have been using. ",{"data":78475,"content":78479,"nodeType":892},{"target":78476},{"sys":78477},{"id":78478,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6QY3hnMLMJvnk6zYHYa6pf",[],{"data":78481,"content":78485,"nodeType":892},{"target":78482},{"sys":78483},{"id":78484,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7oAUuhbwgEH5XnDZrm5Zk9",[],{"data":78487,"content":78488,"nodeType":883},{},[78489],{"data":78490,"marks":78491,"value":78492,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why should they go to the effort of targeting hardened and well-monitored attack surfaces like networks and endpoints with 0-day exploits or EDR-evading malware, when they can instead simply take a set of stolen credentials and fire them at popular business apps to see which pop open?",{"data":78494,"content":78495,"nodeType":883},{},[78496],{"data":78497,"marks":78498,"value":78499,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Taking over an account is the equivalent of compromising an endpoint or getting a foothold on a web-facing server. From this point, an attacker can move laterally, escalate their privileges, and achieve their objective of deploying ransomware, stealing data or disrupting business-critical systems. ",{"data":78501,"content":78505,"nodeType":892},{"target":78502},{"sys":78503},{"id":78504,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3vdbE3kqFxvhE145q2CwOy",[],{"data":78507,"content":78508,"nodeType":883},{},[78509],{"data":78510,"marks":78511,"value":78512,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The data shows that account takeover, whether it’s using stolen credentials or session tokens, is now the route of least resistance for attackers, and the #1 attack vector for security teams to defend against.",{"data":78514,"content":78515,"nodeType":883},{},[78516,78520,78529],{"data":78517,"marks":78518,"value":78519,"nodeType":867},{},[],"I’m sure you already use a number of tools to secure your workforce identities – MFA, SSO, EDR, etc., and all of them have an important role to play. That said, they also have limitations that attackers are exploiting. We’ve laid out some of the ",{"data":78521,"content":78523,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78522},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/5-reasons-why-push-security-shouldnt-exist/",[78524],{"data":78525,"marks":78526,"value":78528,"nodeType":867},{},[78527],{"type":876},"typical misconceptions that can undermine an identity security strategy",{"data":78530,"marks":78531,"value":78532,"nodeType":867},{},[]," so you can avoid the common pitfalls and achieve defense in depth.",{"data":78534,"content":78535,"nodeType":912},{},[78536],{"data":78537,"marks":78538,"value":78539,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push vs. account takeover techniques",{"data":78541,"content":78542,"nodeType":883},{},[78543],{"data":78544,"marks":78545,"value":78546,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’re going to show you how to use Push to bolster your identity security strategy and prevent account takeover. More specifically, we’ll cover how Push prevents, detects, and blocks some of the common attack techniques seen in this account takeover attack chain:",{"data":78548,"content":78552,"nodeType":892},{"target":78549},{"sys":78550},{"id":78551,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1FPMzCU0mBgpg1GMSz1sJH",[],{"data":78554,"content":78555,"nodeType":883},{},[78556],{"data":78557,"marks":78558,"value":78559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push uses browser data collected by our browser agent to either detect the attack techniques directly, or identify the vulnerabilities being exploited. Upon making a detection, the browser agent enforces a relevant security control to either block the attack or prevent the user from introducing a vulnerability.",{"data":78561,"content":78562,"nodeType":883},{},[78563],{"data":78564,"marks":78565,"value":78566,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’re wondering why we’ve opted to build our tool in the browser, the short answer is that being in the browser gives us:",{"data":78568,"content":78569,"nodeType":1526},{},[78570,78585,78600],{"data":78571,"content":78572,"nodeType":1505},{},[78573],{"data":78574,"content":78575,"nodeType":883},{},[78576,78581],{"data":78577,"marks":78578,"value":78580,"nodeType":867},{},[78579],{"type":910},"The broadest visibility",{"data":78582,"marks":78583,"value":78584,"nodeType":867},{},[]," across all workforce identities, including unmanaged identities outside your IdP.",{"data":78586,"content":78587,"nodeType":1505},{},[78588],{"data":78589,"content":78590,"nodeType":883},{},[78591,78596],{"data":78592,"marks":78593,"value":78595,"nodeType":867},{},[78594],{"type":910},"The best telemetry",{"data":78597,"marks":78598,"value":78599,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for detecting identity attack TTPs and tools.",{"data":78601,"content":78602,"nodeType":1505},{},[78603],{"data":78604,"content":78605,"nodeType":883},{},[78606,78611],{"data":78607,"marks":78608,"value":78610,"nodeType":867},{},[78609],{"type":910},"The perfect enforcement point",{"data":78612,"marks":78613,"value":78614,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for stopping attacker actions or risky employee actions in real time. ",{"data":78616,"content":78617,"nodeType":883},{},[78618,78622,78630],{"data":78619,"marks":78620,"value":78621,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want a more detailed technical explanation, you can read this article by Dan on ",{"data":78623,"content":78624,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38264},[78625],{"data":78626,"marks":78627,"value":78629,"nodeType":867},{},[78628],{"type":876},"why browser data is a better source of telemetry for detecting identity attacks than network, IdP and app logs",{"data":78631,"marks":78632,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78634,"content":78635,"nodeType":883},{},[78636],{"data":78637,"marks":78638,"value":78639,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now we’ve cleared that up, let's look at some account takeover techniques.",{"data":78641,"content":78642,"nodeType":912},{},[78643],{"data":78644,"marks":78645,"value":78646,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Part 1: Phishing (including AitM and BitM toolkits)",{"data":78648,"content":78649,"nodeType":883},{},[78650],{"data":78651,"marks":78652,"value":78653,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing has been around since forever and there’s a mature category of solutions that are designed to detect and prevent it. But despite solutions like security awareness training, phishing domain detection services and email filtering tools, phishing is still one of the top breach vectors. ",{"data":78655,"content":78659,"nodeType":892},{"target":78656},{"sys":78657},{"id":78658,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4urh9lIuo0ePgVIJZNtP2B",[],{"data":78661,"content":78662,"nodeType":883},{},[78663],{"data":78664,"marks":78665,"value":78666,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve all been conditioned to think about phishing as something that happens over email, but it’s actually the browser where most of the action happens, regardless of the initial delivery channel. Push’s position in the browser gives you the ideal vantage point for detecting and stopping phishing attacks.",{"data":78668,"content":78669,"nodeType":883},{},[78670],{"data":78671,"marks":78672,"value":78673,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Push browser agent performs both passive observation and active interrogation in order to detect employees having their passwords harvested or visiting cloned app login pages or pages using AitM/BitM toolkits. Phishing attacks are detected in real time so Push blocks them before your employees can enter their credentials.",{"data":78675,"content":78676,"nodeType":921},{},[78677],{"data":78678,"marks":78679,"value":78680,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting phishing through user behavior",{"data":78682,"content":78683,"nodeType":883},{},[78684],{"data":78685,"marks":78686,"value":78687,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Rather than trying to detect phishing websites and domains that constantly change, Push detects and blocks phishing attempts based on observing user behavior in the browser.",{"data":78689,"content":78690,"nodeType":883},{},[78691],{"data":78692,"marks":78693,"value":78694,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push does this by observing all logins and generating a fingerprint (or technically a k-anonymized salted partial hash) of the user’s password. This fingerprint is then stored locally to allow Push to perform comparisons.",{"data":78696,"content":78697,"nodeType":883},{},[78698],{"data":78699,"marks":78700,"value":78701,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To detect potential phishing attacks, the browser agent compares the observed password fingerprint to known fingerprints for passwords that already exist in local storage.",{"data":78703,"content":78704,"nodeType":883},{},[78705,78710],{"data":78706,"marks":78707,"value":78709,"nodeType":867},{},[78708],{"type":910},"This means that it works even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site: ",{"data":78711,"marks":78712,"value":78713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push still detects it and blocks it before your employee can submit their credentials. It also works regardless of the delivery vector used to get the phishing link to the intended victim.",{"data":78715,"content":78719,"nodeType":892},{"target":78716},{"sys":78717},{"id":78718,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2V2My5IpdVUwh4QugqInUw",[],{"data":78721,"content":78722,"nodeType":883},{},[78723],{"data":78724,"marks":78725,"value":78726,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you’ve discovered a malicious site, you can use Push’s companion feature, URL blocking, to add the domain to a blocklist and prevent your other end-users from even visiting the site.",{"data":78728,"content":78729,"nodeType":883},{},[78730,78734,78742],{"data":78731,"marks":78732,"value":78733,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can programmatically manage URL blocking as part of responding to an attempted phishing incident by using the ",{"data":78735,"content":78737,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78736},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/rest-v1/",[78738],{"data":78739,"marks":78740,"value":78741,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push REST API",{"data":78743,"marks":78744,"value":78745,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to automatically add URLs to the blocklist or to sync with other threat intelligence sources of known-bad sites.",{"data":78747,"content":78748,"nodeType":883},{},[78749,78753,78761],{"data":78750,"marks":78751,"value":78752,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can find out more about this control in this ",{"data":78754,"content":78755,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20141},[78756],{"data":78757,"marks":78758,"value":78760,"nodeType":867},{},[78759],{"type":876},"deep-dive article",{"data":78762,"marks":78763,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78765,"content":78766,"nodeType":921},{},[78767],{"data":78768,"marks":78769,"value":78770,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting cloned login pages",{"data":78772,"content":78773,"nodeType":883},{},[78774],{"data":78775,"marks":78776,"value":78777,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s now very easy for attackers to create cloned login pages that appear to be legitimate, tricking users into providing their credentials. ",{"data":78779,"content":78780,"nodeType":883},{},[78781,78785,78794],{"data":78782,"marks":78783,"value":78784,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s a number of phishing kits that allow the attacker to simply copy the HTML code from a legitimate website and duplicate it on the malicious site, creating a virtually identical interface that tricks users into entering their credentials. A final sprinkle of typosquatting techniques completes the illusion of legitimacy. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ",{"data":78786,"content":78788,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78787},"https://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2024/03/fcc-staff-targeted-phishing-attack-cloned-agency-login-site/394609/",[78789],{"data":78790,"marks":78791,"value":78793,"nodeType":867},{},[78792],{"type":876},"was a recent target",{"data":78795,"marks":78796,"value":78797,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of this kind of attack. ",{"data":78799,"content":78800,"nodeType":883},{},[78801],{"data":78802,"marks":78803,"value":78804,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push’s cloned app detection feature detects fraudulent login pages by inspecting the resources and structure of pages users log into and fingerprinting them so they can be used to detect when that action occurs on the wrong domain. ",{"data":78806,"content":78807,"nodeType":883},{},[78808,78812,78819],{"data":78809,"marks":78810,"value":78811,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can ",{"data":78813,"content":78814,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67119},[78815],{"data":78816,"marks":78817,"value":78818,"nodeType":867},{},[],"read more about this feature here",{"data":78820,"marks":78821,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78823,"content":78824,"nodeType":921},{},[78825],{"data":78826,"marks":78827,"value":78828,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting AitM and BitM toolkits",{"data":78830,"content":78831,"nodeType":883},{},[78832,78836,78844,78847,78855,78858,78866,78869,78877],{"data":78833,"marks":78834,"value":78835,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing is a technique that uses dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application, principally to bypass MFA. As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, making this technique difficult to spot. Popular AitM toolkits include ",{"data":78837,"content":78839,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78838},"https://github.com/drk1wi/Modlishka",[78840],{"data":78841,"marks":78842,"value":78843,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modlishka",{"data":78845,"marks":78846,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78848,"content":78850,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78849},"https://github.com/muraenateam/muraena",[78851],{"data":78852,"marks":78853,"value":78854,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Muraena",{"data":78856,"marks":78857,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78859,"content":78861,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78860},"https://github.com/kgretzky/evilginx2",[78862],{"data":78863,"marks":78864,"value":78865,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Evilginx",{"data":78867,"marks":78868,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78870,"content":78872,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78871},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/evilproxy-uses-indeedcom-open-redirect-for-microsoft-365-phishing/",[78873],{"data":78874,"marks":78875,"value":78876,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Evilproxy",{"data":78878,"marks":78879,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78881,"content":78882,"nodeType":883},{},[78883],{"data":78884,"marks":78885,"value":78886,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) toolkits are different to AitM toolkits because they don’t act as a reverse proxy. Instead, they trick their victim into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser using remote desktop screen sharing and control approaches — think of this like VNC or RDP but using the browser as a client. This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to log in to an app for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards.",{"data":78888,"content":78889,"nodeType":883},{},[78890,78894,78903],{"data":78891,"marks":78892,"value":78893,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve conducted a lot of research into AitM and BitM toolkits recently. If you want to learn more about how they work and see a demo of them in action, ",{"data":78895,"content":78897,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78896},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/phishing-detecting-evilginx-evilnovnc-muraena-and-modlishka/",[78898],{"data":78899,"marks":78900,"value":78902,"nodeType":867},{},[78901],{"type":876},"head over here",{"data":78904,"marks":78905,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78907,"content":78908,"nodeType":883},{},[78909],{"data":78910,"marks":78911,"value":78912,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push gives you a preconfigured set of detections for AitM and BitM toolkits, informed by our threat detection team’s research into their behavior. This phishing tool detection feature will automatically prevent users from accessing a site that’s running one of these malicious tools, and display a custom warning message to your end-users.",{"data":78914,"content":78917,"nodeType":892},{"target":78915},{"sys":78916},{"id":47460,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":78919,"content":78920,"nodeType":883},{},[78921,78925,78931],{"data":78922,"marks":78923,"value":78924,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Administrators can also consume phishing tool detection events via the ",{"data":78926,"content":78927,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78736},[78928],{"data":78929,"marks":78930,"value":78741,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78932,"marks":78933,"value":78934,"nodeType":867},{},[]," into their SIEM or use Push’s webhooks to alert when a warn or block event has occurred.",{"data":78936,"content":78937,"nodeType":883},{},[78938,78942,78950],{"data":78939,"marks":78940,"value":78941,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can read a full write-up of this feature if you want to ",{"data":78943,"content":78944,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67067},[78945],{"data":78946,"marks":78947,"value":78949,"nodeType":867},{},[78948],{"type":876},"learn more",{"data":78951,"marks":78952,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":78954,"content":78955,"nodeType":912},{},[78956],{"data":78957,"marks":78958,"value":78959,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Part 2: Infostealer malware",{"data":78961,"content":78962,"nodeType":883},{},[78963,78967,78974],{"data":78964,"marks":78965,"value":78966,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The recent ",{"data":78968,"content":78969,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2230},[78970],{"data":78971,"marks":78972,"value":2235,"nodeType":867},{},[78973],{"type":876},{"data":78975,"marks":78976,"value":78977,"nodeType":867},{},[]," highlighted how infostealer malware is becoming a serious issue for security teams. As well as being able to steal credentials for account takeover, infostealers can also be used to steal session tokens which then allow the attacker to assume an already authorized session without needing to bypass MFA.   ",{"data":78979,"content":78980,"nodeType":883},{},[78981],{"data":78982,"marks":78983,"value":78984,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers. ",{"data":78986,"content":78990,"nodeType":892},{"target":78987},{"sys":78988},{"id":78989,"type":889,"linkType":890},"66B5MBFIhbmky7VuLGbuM3",[],{"data":78992,"content":78993,"nodeType":883},{},[78994],{"data":78995,"marks":78996,"value":78997,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Infostealers are primarily being used by Initial Access Brokers to harvest credentials and session tokens that they then sell to other threat actors intent on executing more penetrating attacks (e.g. ransomware).  ",{"data":78999,"content":79000,"nodeType":883},{},[79001,79004,79011],{"data":79002,"marks":79003,"value":77938,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79005,"content":79006,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77941},[79007],{"data":79008,"marks":79009,"value":77947,"nodeType":867},{},[79010],{"type":876},{"data":79012,"marks":79013,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79015,"content":79016,"nodeType":883},{},[79017],{"data":79018,"marks":79019,"value":79020,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Getting total coverage across your endpoint estate is notoriously difficult, if not totally unrealistic. Unless the malware is stopped on execution, then data will inevitably be stolen, and will continue to be taken until stopped (or it self-terminates). And once an attacker has stolen employee credentials or sessions, the credential stuffing and session hijacking attacks that come next won’t touch the endpoint. ",{"data":79022,"content":79023,"nodeType":883},{},[79024],{"data":79025,"marks":79026,"value":79027,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For those reasons, you can’t rely on EDR as a single line of defense against infostealers. Push gives you those extra layers of defense to stop account takeover attempts that use stolen credentials and sessions.",{"data":79029,"content":79033,"nodeType":892},{"target":79030},{"sys":79031},{"id":79032,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4YB6DLIE5TvaAsAAUoJd5v",[],{"data":79035,"content":79036,"nodeType":921},{},[79037],{"data":79038,"marks":79039,"value":79040,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting stolen sessions ",{"data":79042,"content":79043,"nodeType":883},{},[79044],{"data":79045,"marks":79046,"value":79047,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push uses its browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. You then add the list of domains where you wish to inject the marker into sessions, such as an identity provider like Okta or Microsoft. ",{"data":79049,"content":79050,"nodeType":883},{},[79051],{"data":79052,"marks":79053,"value":79054,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":79056,"content":79057,"nodeType":883},{},[79058],{"data":79059,"marks":79060,"value":79061,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is being used by an attacker. It’s certainly a lot cleaner than relying on IP-based or geolocation-based signals, which result in frequent false positives.",{"data":79063,"content":79066,"nodeType":892},{"target":79064},{"sys":79065},{"id":52457,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":79068,"content":79069,"nodeType":921},{},[79070],{"data":79071,"marks":79072,"value":79073,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting stolen credentials being sold on the dark web",{"data":79075,"content":79076,"nodeType":883},{},[79077],{"data":79078,"marks":79079,"value":79080,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push integrates stolen credential threat intelligence and alerts you when your employees’ credentials are being sold on the dark web. ",{"data":79082,"content":79083,"nodeType":883},{},[79084],{"data":79085,"marks":79086,"value":79087,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Commercial TI feeds of stolen credentials have been available for some time. But what we’ve found is that the false-positive rate is incredibly high and the vast majority of credentials are no longer in use.",{"data":79089,"content":79090,"nodeType":883},{},[79091],{"data":79092,"marks":79093,"value":79094,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push validates that leaked credentials match those that are currently being used by your employees to authenticate on any apps they are using in the browser. That means that any alerts or automated actions generated by Push are actionable true positives, cutting out a huge amount of noise and saving your security team time. ",{"data":79096,"content":79100,"nodeType":892},{"target":79097},{"sys":79098},{"id":79099,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3RnPM0ioGWi3CFMLkxQanO",[],{"data":79102,"content":79103,"nodeType":912},{},[79104],{"data":79105,"marks":79106,"value":79107,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Part 3: Credential stuffing",{"data":79109,"content":79110,"nodeType":883},{},[79111],{"data":79112,"marks":79113,"value":79114,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The previous sections looked at how Push detects and stops common techniques used for stealing and acquiring credentials. We’re now going to cover how Push stops stolen credentials from being used to access and take over employee accounts. ",{"data":79116,"content":79117,"nodeType":883},{},[79118,79123],{"data":79119,"marks":79120,"value":79122,"nodeType":867},{},[79121],{"type":910},"Credential stuffing ",{"data":79124,"marks":79125,"value":79126,"nodeType":867},{},[],"is when attackers use tools that automate the process of taking a list of stolen passwords and retargeting those credentials against different apps.",{"data":79128,"content":79129,"nodeType":883},{},[79130,79134,79139],{"data":79131,"marks":79132,"value":79133,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Closely related to credential stuffing is ",{"data":79135,"marks":79136,"value":79138,"nodeType":867},{},[79137],{"type":910},"password spraying",{"data":79140,"marks":79141,"value":79142,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Instead of using stolen credentials, an attacker uses a list of commonly used usernames and passwords to attempt to compromise accounts. ",{"data":79144,"content":79145,"nodeType":883},{},[79146],{"data":79147,"marks":79148,"value":79149,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Both credential stuffing and password spraying are high-volume, automated attacks, and they are an unrelenting problem for most businesses. Microsoft observes 4,000 of them every second and nearly half of all login requests Auth0 receive each day are attempts at credential stuffing. ",{"data":79151,"content":79152,"nodeType":883},{},[79153],{"data":79154,"marks":79155,"value":79156,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The true scale of the problem is hard to grasp, as neither app vendors nor users have effective means of monitoring for unauthorized access. Typically these breaches are only detected when:",{"data":79158,"content":79159,"nodeType":1526},{},[79160,79180,79201],{"data":79161,"content":79162,"nodeType":1505},{},[79163],{"data":79164,"content":79165,"nodeType":883},{},[79166,79170,79177],{"data":79167,"marks":79168,"value":79169,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker leaks the data they’ve stolen, like in the ",{"data":79171,"content":79172,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2230},[79173],{"data":79174,"marks":79175,"value":2235,"nodeType":867},{},[79176],{"type":876},{"data":79178,"marks":79179,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79181,"content":79182,"nodeType":1505},{},[79183],{"data":79184,"content":79185,"nodeType":883},{},[79186,79190,79198],{"data":79187,"marks":79188,"value":79189,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker deploys ransomware that results in business disruption, like that suffered by ",{"data":79191,"content":79192,"nodeType":878},{"uri":39047},[79193],{"data":79194,"marks":79195,"value":79197,"nodeType":867},{},[79196],{"type":876},"MGM resorts",{"data":79199,"marks":79200,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79202,"content":79203,"nodeType":1505},{},[79204],{"data":79205,"content":79206,"nodeType":883},{},[79207,79211,79220],{"data":79208,"marks":79209,"value":79210,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attackers use a compromised account to do something deliberately in the public eye. For example, when the SEC’s X (formerly Twitter) account was compromised and ",{"data":79212,"content":79214,"nodeType":878},{"uri":79213},"https://incyber.org/en/article/fake-sec-tweet-triggers-bitcoin-surge/#:~:text=The%20fake%20headline%20convinced%20a,an%20unauthorized%20tweet%20was%20posted.",[79215],{"data":79216,"marks":79217,"value":79219,"nodeType":867},{},[79218],{"type":876},"sent out a message announcing the approval of Bitcoin ETF",{"data":79221,"marks":79222,"value":37381,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79224,"content":79225,"nodeType":883},{},[79226],{"data":79227,"marks":79228,"value":79229,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push gives you a number of controls to combat attacks using stolen and guessed passwords, both to prevent them from occurring, and detect them when they do.",{"data":79231,"content":79232,"nodeType":921},{},[79233],{"data":79234,"marks":79235,"value":79236,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Prevent employees using credentials that have already been stolen and leaked",{"data":79238,"content":79239,"nodeType":883},{},[79240],{"data":79241,"marks":79242,"value":79243,"nodeType":867},{},[],"First, let's stop your employees from using any credentials that have already been stolen and are available to attackers for use in a credential-stuffing attack. ",{"data":79245,"content":79246,"nodeType":883},{},[79247],{"data":79248,"marks":79249,"value":79250,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push monitors stolen credential threat intelligence and compares it to the credentials employees are currently using to access their apps. ",{"data":79252,"content":79253,"nodeType":883},{},[79254],{"data":79255,"marks":79256,"value":79257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You might be wondering, “Does that mean Push sees all our employees’ passwords!?” No. Rather, we use a fingerprint of each password and it's checked locally in the users’ browser and never leaves it. ",{"data":79259,"content":79260,"nodeType":883},{},[79261],{"data":79262,"marks":79263,"value":79264,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we get a match – a stolen password that could successfully be used in a credential-stuffing attack – Push alerts you.",{"data":79266,"content":79267,"nodeType":921},{},[79268],{"data":79269,"marks":79270,"value":79271,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Enforce MFA on all employee accounts",{"data":79273,"content":79274,"nodeType":883},{},[79275],{"data":79276,"marks":79277,"value":79278,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Next step is to secure the accounts most vulnerable to a credential stuffing attack – those that only use a password for single-factor authentication. ",{"data":79280,"content":79281,"nodeType":883},{},[79282,79286,79294],{"data":79283,"marks":79284,"value":79285,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’re using SSO to access apps, then it’s easy to overlook instances where local accounts (e.g. username and password logins) are missing MFA – particularly if you’re relying on an IdP solution to audit and enforce MFA. ",{"data":79287,"content":79288,"nodeType":878},{"uri":19974},[79289],{"data":79290,"marks":79291,"value":79293,"nodeType":867},{},[79292],{"type":876},"You can read more about this problem in our blog post on ghost logins",{"data":79295,"marks":79296,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79298,"content":79299,"nodeType":883},{},[79300],{"data":79301,"marks":79302,"value":79303,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push observes every login made by your employees (both inside and outside SSO) and inspects the authentication protocols used. Accounts that are missing MFA are identified and presented to you in the Push platform.",{"data":79305,"content":79309,"nodeType":892},{"target":79306},{"sys":79307},{"id":79308,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4t1PHxzadoTBjtJua6dzuJ",[],{"data":79311,"content":79312,"nodeType":883},{},[79313],{"data":79314,"marks":79315,"value":79316,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can then use Push to enforce MFA on employee accounts, or present them with in-browser guidance requesting that they enable it themselves.  ",{"data":79318,"content":79322,"nodeType":892},{"target":79319},{"sys":79320},{"id":79321,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3JSTEJGtLT0hfwnkpLRP4K",[],{"data":79324,"content":79325,"nodeType":921},{},[79326],{"data":79327,"marks":79328,"value":79329,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Prevent multiple accounts being compromised by credential stuffing due to password reuse",{"data":79331,"content":79332,"nodeType":883},{},[79333],{"data":79334,"marks":79335,"value":79336,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The credential stuffing tools that attackers use will target a long list of popular business apps. If a password is reused across multiple apps and is breached, the blast radius is naturally increased – the attacker will be able to hijack multiple accounts, across numerous business applications.",{"data":79338,"content":79339,"nodeType":883},{},[79340],{"data":79341,"marks":79342,"value":79343,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push detects when employees are trying to use the same password across multiple apps. When this happens, you can request that they change their password.",{"data":79345,"content":79349,"nodeType":892},{"target":79346},{"sys":79347},{"id":79348,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7ARHp2JPiHeKRYHwa2jwIZ",[],{"data":79351,"content":79352,"nodeType":921},{},[79353],{"data":79354,"marks":79355,"value":79356,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Prevent password spraying breaches",{"data":79358,"content":79359,"nodeType":883},{},[79360],{"data":79361,"marks":79362,"value":79363,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To stop your employees’ accounts from being breached by password spraying attacks, Push checks every password to see if it is easily guessable for attackers.",{"data":79365,"content":79366,"nodeType":883},{},[79367],{"data":79368,"marks":79369,"value":79370,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To determine if a password is easily guessable, the Push browser agent automatically checks the password against:",{"data":79372,"content":79373,"nodeType":1526},{},[79374,79384,79394],{"data":79375,"content":79376,"nodeType":1505},{},[79377],{"data":79378,"content":79379,"nodeType":883},{},[79380],{"data":79381,"marks":79382,"value":79383,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A list of top 10,000 weak base passwords.",{"data":79385,"content":79386,"nodeType":1505},{},[79387],{"data":79388,"content":79389,"nodeType":883},{},[79390],{"data":79391,"marks":79392,"value":79393,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Number and special character variations on these weak base passwords, for example: Password1! or January2022.",{"data":79395,"content":79396,"nodeType":1505},{},[79397],{"data":79398,"content":79399,"nodeType":883},{},[79400],{"data":79401,"marks":79402,"value":79403,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Variations on these weak base passwords that replace letters with numerals (1337), for example: P455w0rd.",{"data":79405,"content":79406,"nodeType":883},{},[79407],{"data":79408,"marks":79409,"value":79410,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can also add your own custom word list that employees and attackers will predictably try and use. Push will then stop those words being used as part of passwords.",{"data":79412,"content":79413,"nodeType":921},{},[79414],{"data":79415,"marks":79416,"value":79417,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect unauthorized sessions  ",{"data":79419,"content":79420,"nodeType":883},{},[79421],{"data":79422,"marks":79423,"value":79424,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you have enabled all the Push controls that prevent employees from creating and using accounts that can be easily compromised by credential stuffing and password spraying attacks, the next line of defense is to detect when accounts are taken over.",{"data":79426,"content":79427,"nodeType":883},{},[79428],{"data":79429,"marks":79430,"value":79431,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push uses its browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. You then add the list of domains that you want to have injected with the session marker. ",{"data":79433,"content":79434,"nodeType":883},{},[79435],{"data":79436,"marks":79437,"value":79438,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This indicates that the session is not being used by the legitimate user (your employees) in their usual work browser, and could be an attacker using their account. ",{"data":79440,"content":79441,"nodeType":921},{},[79442],{"data":79443,"marks":79444,"value":79445,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reduce your identity attack surface",{"data":79447,"content":79448,"nodeType":883},{},[79449],{"data":79450,"marks":79451,"value":79452,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finally, you’ll likely want to reduce your attack surface that can be targeted by credential stuffing. In other words, reduce the number of username and password accounts your employees have. ",{"data":79454,"content":79455,"nodeType":883},{},[79456],{"data":79457,"marks":79458,"value":79459,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are a few ways that Push can help you do this.",{"data":79461,"content":79462,"nodeType":1526},{},[79463,79478,79493],{"data":79464,"content":79465,"nodeType":1505},{},[79466],{"data":79467,"content":79468,"nodeType":883},{},[79469,79474],{"data":79470,"marks":79471,"value":79473,"nodeType":867},{},[79472],{"type":910},"Block access to unapproved apps",{"data":79475,"marks":79476,"value":79477,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Using Push, you can create a block list of apps that you don’t want your users to create accounts and identities on.",{"data":79479,"content":79480,"nodeType":1505},{},[79481],{"data":79482,"content":79483,"nodeType":883},{},[79484,79489],{"data":79485,"marks":79486,"value":79488,"nodeType":867},{},[79487],{"type":910},"Use app banners to stop users from creating local accounts",{"data":79490,"marks":79491,"value":79492,"nodeType":867},{},[],". When an employee goes to sign up to an app, Push will present an app banner that tells them to use their SSO identity and not to create a username and password account.",{"data":79494,"content":79495,"nodeType":1505},{},[79496],{"data":79497,"content":79498,"nodeType":883},{},[79499,79504],{"data":79500,"marks":79501,"value":79503,"nodeType":867},{},[79502],{"type":910},"Get existing accounts and apps behind SSO",{"data":79505,"marks":79506,"value":79507,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Push shows you how your employees are logging in to every account on every app, including whether they’re using SAML or OIDC SSO. Armed with this data, you can get your employees to use your preferred SSO solution on the apps where it’s already available, and look into whether other popular apps being used in the business offer SSO.",{"data":79509,"content":79513,"nodeType":892},{"target":79510},{"sys":79511},{"id":79512,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3y8L55hbcQaRYPCdYYb3xA",[],{"data":79515,"content":79516,"nodeType":912},{},[79517],{"data":79518,"marks":79519,"value":79520,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stop account takeover at the push of a button",{"data":79522,"content":79523,"nodeType":883},{},[79524,79528,79535,79539,79544,79547,79552,79556,79560],{"data":79525,"marks":79526,"value":79527,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve described a lot of controls in this article. The good news is that they’re all pre-configured on the the ",{"data":79529,"content":79531,"nodeType":878},{"uri":79530},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/manage-security-controls/#start",[79532],{"data":79533,"marks":79534,"value":59502,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79536,"marks":79537,"value":79538,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page in the Push platform. When you get started with Push, you can simply turn on all the controls you want, and decide whether you want them to work in ",{"data":79540,"marks":79541,"value":79543,"nodeType":867},{},[79542],{"type":910},"monitor",{"data":79545,"marks":79546,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79548,"marks":79549,"value":79551,"nodeType":867},{},[79550],{"type":910},"warn",{"data":79553,"marks":79554,"value":79555,"nodeType":867},{},[]," mode or ",{"data":79557,"marks":79558,"value":87,"nodeType":867},{},[79559],{"type":910},{"data":79561,"marks":79562,"value":79563,"nodeType":867},{},[]," mode.    ",{"data":79565,"content":79569,"nodeType":892},{"target":79566},{"sys":79567},{"id":79568,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6FCuO78yQMNZvkcbcALmis",[],{"data":79571,"content":79572,"nodeType":921},{},[79573],{"data":79574,"marks":79575,"value":79576,"nodeType":867},{},[],"See it for yourself",{"data":79578,"content":79579,"nodeType":883},{},[79580,79584,79590],{"data":79581,"marks":79582,"value":79583,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To learn more, ",{"data":79585,"content":79586,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[79587],{"data":79588,"marks":79589,"value":39222,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79591,"marks":79592,"value":79593,"nodeType":867},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you these features, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO.",{"data":79595,"content":79599,"nodeType":892},{"target":79596},{"sys":79597},{"id":79598,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4IRtR9zicpB7lXdz2RvIlK",[],{"data":79601,"content":79602,"nodeType":883},{},[79603],{"data":79604,"marks":79605,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hackers don’t hack in, they log in: How to prevent account takeover with Push","How Push stops attackers from using identity attack tools and techniques to compromise your employee user accounts. ","2024-08-19T00:00:00.000Z","how-to-prevent-account-takeover-with-push",{"items":79611},[79612,79614],{"sys":79613,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":79615,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":79617},[79618],{"fullName":39251,"firstName":39252,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":79619},{"url":39254},{"__typename":1670,"sys":79621,"content":79622,"title":80031,"synopsis":80032,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":80033,"slug":80034,"tagsCollection":80035,"authorsCollection":80041},{"id":60467},{"json":79623},{"data":79624,"content":79625,"nodeType":1569},{},[79626,79632,79653,79674,79693,79713,79736,79743,79763,79784,79791,79797,79804,79811,79818,79825,79832,79839,79846,79853,79860,79881,79888,79894,79917,79924,79939,79945,79964,79971,79978,79984,79991,80009,80015],{"data":79627,"content":79631,"nodeType":892},{"target":79628},{"sys":79629},{"id":79630,"type":889,"linkType":890},"B8i0EK90Dn7FLrJXR4ANh",[],{"data":79633,"content":79634,"nodeType":883},{},[79635,79639,79649],{"data":79636,"marks":79637,"value":79638,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Is the golden era of MFA protection over? Watch a demo of an ",{"data":79640,"content":79644,"nodeType":13489},{"target":79641},{"sys":79642},{"id":79643,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7DJnckJxP4CXyXhPJJpby5",[79645],{"data":79646,"marks":79647,"value":79648,"nodeType":867},{},[],"EvilNoVNC phishing attack",{"data":79650,"marks":79651,"value":79652,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and you may be left sweating a little and whispering “FIDO2” like a protection spell.",{"data":79654,"content":79655,"nodeType":883},{},[79656,79660,79670],{"data":79657,"marks":79658,"value":79659,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With the widespread adoption of MFA, attackers are ",{"data":79661,"content":79665,"nodeType":13489},{"target":79662},{"sys":79663},{"id":79664,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6XIts2UEnrsJDki8gKDXyI",[79666],{"data":79667,"marks":79668,"value":79669,"nodeType":867},{},[],"increasingly turning",{"data":79671,"marks":79672,"value":79673,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to more sophisticated methods of credential theft as their initial point of entry. ",{"data":79675,"content":79676,"nodeType":883},{},[79677,79681,79689],{"data":79678,"marks":79679,"value":79680,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Newer phishing approaches include reverse proxies as well as tools that mimic legitimate login pages by rendering the webpages and then displaying those renders to the unsuspecting end-user. While these tools are not always common knowledge among blue teams, their use is ",{"data":79682,"content":79684,"nodeType":878},{"uri":79683},"https://www.lab539.com/blog/6-months-tracking-aitm-campaigns",[79685],{"data":79686,"marks":79687,"value":79688,"nodeType":867},{},[],"on the rise",{"data":79690,"marks":79691,"value":79692,"nodeType":867},{},[],", an unsurprising response to the broad use of multi-factor authentication in many organizations.",{"data":79694,"content":79695,"nodeType":883},{},[79696,79700,79709],{"data":79697,"marks":79698,"value":79699,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What sets this generation of ",{"data":79701,"content":79704,"nodeType":13489},{"target":79702},{"sys":79703},{"id":79643,"type":889,"linkType":890},[79705],{"data":79706,"marks":79707,"value":79708,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing tools",{"data":79710,"marks":79711,"value":79712,"nodeType":867},{},[]," apart? ",{"data":79714,"content":79715,"nodeType":1526},{},[79716,79726],{"data":79717,"content":79718,"nodeType":1505},{},[79719],{"data":79720,"content":79721,"nodeType":883},{},[79722],{"data":79723,"marks":79724,"value":79725,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They act as a proxy between the user and a legitimate web login page, allowing the attacker to bypass MFA and harvest credentials and session tokens.",{"data":79727,"content":79728,"nodeType":1505},{},[79729],{"data":79730,"content":79731,"nodeType":883},{},[79732],{"data":79733,"marks":79734,"value":79735,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They give off little scent to end-users, because the end-user is logging into the legitimate site, just by taking a detour via the attacker’s device.",{"data":79737,"content":79738,"nodeType":883},{},[79739],{"data":79740,"marks":79741,"value":79742,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These AitM tools are also difficult to detect — unless you have eyes in the browser.",{"data":79744,"content":79745,"nodeType":883},{},[79746,79750,79759],{"data":79747,"marks":79748,"value":79749,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Powered by the Push browser agent, Push now offers a ",{"data":79751,"content":79754,"nodeType":13489},{"target":79752},{"sys":79753},{"id":13924,"type":889,"linkType":890},[79755],{"data":79756,"marks":79757,"value":79758,"nodeType":867},{},[],"preconfigured set of detections",{"data":79760,"marks":79761,"value":79762,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for phishing tools like Evilginx and others, informed by our threat detection team’s research into their behavior. This phishing tool detection feature will automatically prevent users from accessing a site that’s running one of these malicious tools, and display a custom warning message to your end-users.",{"data":79764,"content":79765,"nodeType":883},{},[79766,79770,79780],{"data":79767,"marks":79768,"value":79769,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While Push already provides strong phishing protection by ",{"data":79771,"content":79775,"nodeType":13489},{"target":79772},{"sys":79773},{"id":79774,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4UtRVoFElDduWJBx9Sa4Cw",[79776],{"data":79777,"marks":79778,"value":79779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"preventing SSO password use",{"data":79781,"marks":79782,"value":79783,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on non-IdP webpages (in other words, it stops you from using your Okta password on any page that isn’t an Okta login page), this new feature allows us to sharpen our anti-phishing capabilities by detecting malware on a site before a user even interacts with the page. ",{"data":79785,"content":79786,"nodeType":883},{},[79787],{"data":79788,"marks":79789,"value":79790,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’ll describe our approach to detecting these newer phishing tools, including how we’re borrowing techniques from the world of EDR, and how you can combine phishing tool detection with other Push controls for a defense-in-depth strategy that covers both the user and the application sides of the equation.",{"data":79792,"content":79796,"nodeType":892},{"target":79793},{"sys":79794},{"id":79795,"type":889,"linkType":890},"59q6klX2j7ClgUvmix93sG",[],{"data":79798,"content":79799,"nodeType":912},{},[79800],{"data":79801,"marks":79802,"value":79803,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Taking a page from EDR",{"data":79805,"content":79806,"nodeType":883},{},[79807],{"data":79808,"marks":79809,"value":79810,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most phishing prevention solutions rely on lists of known-bad sites as the source of intelligence. These are always going to be a step behind reality because they rely on ever-shifting secondary attributes such as domain names (though we won’t be disabling Chrome Safe Browsing anytime soon, and we’re not trying to replace it).",{"data":79812,"content":79813,"nodeType":883},{},[79814],{"data":79815,"marks":79816,"value":79817,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As veterans of the EDR world, we’re drawn to think in analogous terms. With detecting AitM phishing tools, that means expanding on the concept of dynamic analysis on the endpoint. EDR allows you to dynamically analyze the behavior of malware live and at scale, rather than focusing on easy-to-change indicators like file hashes or domain names.",{"data":79819,"content":79820,"nodeType":883},{},[79821],{"data":79822,"marks":79823,"value":79824,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Applying this idea to malware that runs in the browser requires a solution that is in the browser, like the Push browser agent.",{"data":79826,"content":79827,"nodeType":883},{},[79828],{"data":79829,"marks":79830,"value":79831,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So we’re expanding the attributes that are traditionally analyzed to spot indicators of compromise (IoCs) beyond domains, file names, file hashes, IP addresses, etc., to also include behavioral attributes of malware that are much harder to change, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",{"data":79833,"content":79834,"nodeType":883},{},[79835],{"data":79836,"marks":79837,"value":79838,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By performing behavioral analysis on AitM automated proxy tools, we can directly analyze the application for a precise and immediate identification. ",{"data":79840,"content":79841,"nodeType":883},{},[79842],{"data":79843,"marks":79844,"value":79845,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push researchers are regularly identifying and adding detections for new toolkits — think of this like Push’s database of threat research in action.",{"data":79847,"content":79848,"nodeType":912},{},[79849],{"data":79850,"marks":79851,"value":79852,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How it works",{"data":79854,"content":79855,"nodeType":883},{},[79856],{"data":79857,"marks":79858,"value":79859,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’re new to Push, a bit of context may be useful. Push uses a browser agent deployed to employee browsers (we support all major browsers) to prevent, detect, and block identity attacks. ",{"data":79861,"content":79862,"nodeType":883},{},[79863,79867,79877],{"data":79864,"marks":79865,"value":79866,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By directly observing user behavior at the login event, Push provides broad and actionable context across all the apps your employees are using, how they are accessing them, their MFA methods, and where they’re using insecure and reused passwords. With this context as the foundation, Push enforces your desired ",{"data":79868,"content":79872,"nodeType":13489},{"target":79869},{"sys":79870},{"id":79871,"type":889,"linkType":890},"BtDLgVZRWQ3Ov4WgDQX1W",[79873],{"data":79874,"marks":79875,"value":79876,"nodeType":867},{},[],"security controls",{"data":79878,"marks":79879,"value":79880,"nodeType":867},{},[],", including preventing SSO password reuse, blocking malicious websites, or steering employees to approved apps only.",{"data":79882,"content":79883,"nodeType":883},{},[79884],{"data":79885,"marks":79886,"value":79887,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once configured by an administrator, phishing tool detection will immediately check for the fingerprints of these toolkits as end-users visit websites and then display your custom warn or block message. ",{"data":79889,"content":79893,"nodeType":892},{"target":79890},{"sys":79891},{"id":79892,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1LdHJjTDlOiie5mctbAVvZ",[],{"data":79895,"content":79896,"nodeType":883},{},[79897,79901,79905,79909,79913],{"data":79898,"marks":79899,"value":79900,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In ",{"data":79902,"marks":79903,"value":14526,"nodeType":867},{},[79904],{"type":910},{"data":79906,"marks":79907,"value":79908,"nodeType":867},{},[]," mode, users cannot proceed to the site where malicious software has been detected. In ",{"data":79910,"marks":79911,"value":14518,"nodeType":867},{},[79912],{"type":910},{"data":79914,"marks":79915,"value":79916,"nodeType":867},{},[]," mode, users can choose to proceed if they are sure it’s not a phishing site.",{"data":79918,"content":79919,"nodeType":883},{},[79920],{"data":79921,"marks":79922,"value":79923,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In both cases, users do not need to interact with a page (by typing, clicking, etc.) for Push to trigger the custom message. ",{"data":79925,"content":79926,"nodeType":883},{},[79927,79930,79936],{"data":79928,"marks":79929,"value":78924,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79931,"content":79932,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78736},[79933],{"data":79934,"marks":79935,"value":78741,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79937,"marks":79938,"value":78934,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79940,"content":79944,"nodeType":892},{"target":79941},{"sys":79942},{"id":79943,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6oAhxLBPVxN3Rcw2kFeVtG",[],{"data":79946,"content":79947,"nodeType":883},{},[79948,79952,79960],{"data":79949,"marks":79950,"value":79951,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pairing this phishing detection capability with Push’s ",{"data":79953,"content":79956,"nodeType":13489},{"target":79954},{"sys":79955},{"id":14180,"type":889,"linkType":890},[79957],{"data":79958,"marks":79959,"value":66880,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79961,"marks":79962,"value":79963,"nodeType":867},{},[]," feature provides a strong defense-in-depth strategy for stopping credential theft.",{"data":79965,"content":79966,"nodeType":883},{},[79967],{"data":79968,"marks":79969,"value":79970,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO password protection works by analyzing user behavior — namely, is a user entering their SSO password onto a page that does not belong to the legitimate identity provider.",{"data":79972,"content":79973,"nodeType":883},{},[79974],{"data":79975,"marks":79976,"value":79977,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing tool detection adds in the application-level behavioral analysis. In addition, when Push identifies a new, previously unknown phishing tool in the wild via blocked SSO credential theft, we add its fingerprints to the browser agent’s detective capabilities.  ",{"data":79979,"content":79980,"nodeType":912},{},[79981],{"data":79982,"marks":79983,"value":2402,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":79985,"content":79986,"nodeType":883},{},[79987],{"data":79988,"marks":79989,"value":79990,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re just scratching the surface on this approach and are exploring how Push can identify and block other web-delivered malware and Javascript-based attack types beyond AitM tools. Think HTML smuggling, tabnabbing, and the like.",{"data":79992,"content":79993,"nodeType":883},{},[79994,79998,80006],{"data":79995,"marks":79996,"value":79997,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Got feedback? We’d ",{"data":79999,"content":80001,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80000},"/contact/",[80002],{"data":80003,"marks":80004,"value":80005,"nodeType":867},{},[],"love to talk",{"data":80007,"marks":80008,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80010,"content":80011,"nodeType":912},{},[80012],{"data":80013,"marks":80014,"value":37808,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80016,"content":80017,"nodeType":883},{},[80018,80021,80027],{"data":80019,"marks":80020,"value":60534,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80022,"content":80023,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[80024],{"data":80025,"marks":80026,"value":39222,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80028,"marks":80029,"value":80030,"nodeType":867},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO, and how we detect vulnerable identities and stop identity attacks with browser-based controls.","Introducing AitM phishing toolkit detection, powered by the Push browser agent","Push analyzes behavioral attributes of malware to identify phishing tools like Evilginx and NakedPages and immediately block end-users from visiting them.","2024-06-06T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-aitm-phishing-toolkit-detection-powered-by-the-push-browser",{"items":80036},[80037,80039],{"sys":80038,"name":60574},{"id":60573},{"sys":80040,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":80042},[80043],{"fullName":14681,"firstName":14682,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":80044},{"url":14685},"how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have","blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have",{"json":80048},{"data":80049,"content":80050,"nodeType":1569},{},[80051],{"data":80052,"content":80053,"nodeType":883},{},[80054],{"data":80055,"marks":80056,"value":80057,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Answering key questions about your exposure to identity threats using Push data.","Using Push data to calculate how many vulnerable identities the average organization has, and how they lead to different methods of account takeover. ",{"id":80060,"publishedAt":80061},"2oCKAlWLSHMLeZF6j8YniH","2026-08-13T09:35:13.714Z",{"items":80063},[80064,80066],{"sys":80065,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":80067,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":80069},[80070,80072,80074,80076,80078,80080,80082,80084,80086,80088,80090,80092,80094,80096,80098],{"sys":80071,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":80073,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":80075,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":80077,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":80079,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":80081,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":80083,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":80085,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":80087,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":80089,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":80091,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":80093,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":80095,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":80097,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":80099,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},"x2kYyrqykcVvQGdZELgLzkiJpuYBM8pvyrM1l0e2ab0",{"id":80102,"title":80103,"authorsCollection":80104,"content":80109,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":81164,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":81166,"metaTitle":81167,"ogImage":59,"postType":1665,"publishedDate":81168,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":81169,"slug":83674,"stem":83675,"subtitle":59,"summary":83676,"synopsis":83687,"sys":83688,"tagsCollection":83691,"topicsCollection":83697,"__hash__":83741},"blog/blog/the-saas-attack-matrix-one-year-on.json","The SaaS attack matrix: A year in review",{"items":80105},[80106],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"socialLinks":80107,"profilePicture":80108},[8558],{"url":2541},{"json":80110,"links":81155},{"data":80111,"content":80112,"nodeType":1569},{},[80113,80131,80138,80145,80152,80159,80162,80169,80252,80259,80266,80273,80288,80307,80314,80317,80324,80331,80337,80354,80378,80385,80392,80424,80455,80462,80480,80487,80494,80501,80509,80516,80545,80551,80568,80599,80606,80625,80632,80638,80656,80663,80670,80673,80680,80687,80694,80697,80704,80711,80718,80737,80868,80875,80878,80885,80892,80993,81000,81007,81010,81017,81024,81076,81083,81090,81093,81099,81106,81124,81143,81149],{"data":80114,"content":80115,"nodeType":883},{},[80116,80120,80127],{"data":80117,"marks":80118,"value":80119,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we created the ",{"data":80121,"content":80122,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[80123],{"data":80124,"marks":80125,"value":1691,"nodeType":867},{},[80126],{"type":876},{"data":80128,"marks":80129,"value":80130,"nodeType":867},{},[],", we made a conscious break away from the endpoint-focused techniques captured in industry resources like the MITRE ATT&CK Framework. ",{"data":80132,"content":80133,"nodeType":883},{},[80134],{"data":80135,"marks":80136,"value":80137,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At the time, we were anticipating a shift that was yet to fully materialize. But, a lot can change (and has changed) in the space of a year. We’ve seen the impact of SaaS account takeover attacks laid bare. Snowflake, billed one of the biggest breaches in history, is a telling example that we’ll no doubt look back on as a watershed moment. ",{"data":80139,"content":80140,"nodeType":883},{},[80141],{"data":80142,"marks":80143,"value":80144,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It isn’t an exaggeration or marketing fluff to say that identity attacks are the #1 threat facing organizations today. SaaS apps, and the identities that are used to access them, are clearly the weakest link – and therefore the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to reach for. ",{"data":80146,"content":80147,"nodeType":883},{},[80148],{"data":80149,"marks":80150,"value":80151,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This makes resources like the SaaS attack matrix more relevant than ever – both for red teams seeking to emulate the latest offensive techniques, and blue teams trying to defend against them. Understanding these techniques is essential for building effective defenses, and identifying where new platforms and controls are required to do so. ",{"data":80153,"content":80154,"nodeType":883},{},[80155],{"data":80156,"marks":80157,"value":80158,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a look at what we’ve learned so far.",{"data":80160,"content":80161,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":80163,"content":80164,"nodeType":912},{},[80165],{"data":80166,"marks":80167,"value":80168,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hot right now: Initial access techniques",{"data":80170,"content":80171,"nodeType":883},{},[80172,80176,80183,80186,80194,80197,80204,80207,80214,80217,80226,80230,80238,80241,80249],{"data":80173,"marks":80174,"value":80175,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The majority of techniques we've seen rise to prominence in 2023/4 sit predominantly in the initial access phase. Since the matrix first launched, we’ve added more techniques to initial access than any other category, including ",{"data":80177,"content":80178,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[80179],{"data":80180,"marks":80181,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[80182],{"type":876},{"data":80184,"marks":80185,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80187,"content":80188,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71125},[80189],{"data":80190,"marks":80191,"value":80193,"nodeType":867},{},[80192],{"type":876},"AitM phishing",{"data":80195,"marks":80196,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80198,"content":80199,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71153},[80200],{"data":80201,"marks":80202,"value":78079,"nodeType":867},{},[80203],{"type":876},{"data":80205,"marks":80206,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80208,"content":80209,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36381},[80210],{"data":80211,"marks":80212,"value":70205,"nodeType":867},{},[80213],{"type":876},{"data":80215,"marks":80216,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80218,"content":80220,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80219},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/guest_access_abuse/description.md",[80221],{"data":80222,"marks":80223,"value":80225,"nodeType":867},{},[80224],{"type":876},"guest access abuse,",{"data":80227,"marks":80228,"value":80229,"nodeType":867},{},[]," all of which are methods of account takeover – complementing the classics like ",{"data":80231,"content":80233,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80232},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/credential_stuffing/description.md",[80234],{"data":80235,"marks":80236,"value":77012,"nodeType":867},{},[80237],{"type":876},{"data":80239,"marks":80240,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80242,"content":80244,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80243},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/email_phishing/description.md",[80245],{"data":80246,"marks":80247,"value":80248,"nodeType":867},{},[],"email phishing",{"data":80250,"marks":80251,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80253,"content":80254,"nodeType":883},{},[80255],{"data":80256,"marks":80257,"value":80258,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll spend a bit of time delving into these techniques in the next section, but let’s first consider what this tells us about SaaS attacks. ",{"data":80260,"content":80261,"nodeType":921},{},[80262],{"data":80263,"marks":80264,"value":80265,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identity attacks are the leading cause of SaaS breaches",{"data":80267,"content":80268,"nodeType":883},{},[80269],{"data":80270,"marks":80271,"value":80272,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The initial identity attack designed to achieve account takeover is the most important part of the SaaS attack chain. The fact that attackers are focused on finding new ways of compromising identities illustrates the value, but also the fragility of the identity controls that most organizations are relying on (which may also be one of the reasons attackers are fixated on it). Whether we’re talking about anti-phishing protections, conditional access policies, or MFA – attackers are continually finding new ways of getting around them.",{"data":80274,"content":80275,"nodeType":883},{},[80276,80280,80285],{"data":80277,"marks":80278,"value":80279,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And, if all an attacker really needs to do to cause harm is log into an app and abuse its legitimate features and functions, there really is no margin for error – you need to successfully stop the initial identity attack ",{"data":80281,"marks":80282,"value":80284,"nodeType":867},{},[80283],{"type":910},"every time",{"data":80286,"marks":80287,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80289,"content":80290,"nodeType":883},{},[80291,80295,80303],{"data":80292,"marks":80293,"value":80294,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can’t rely on your endpoint and network controls to catch them later like you used to. Equally, it’s unlikely that your CASB or DLP solution can stop a legitimate app using legitimate features like ",{"data":80296,"content":80297,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66399},[80298],{"data":80299,"marks":80300,"value":80302,"nodeType":867},{},[80301],{"type":876},"API-based workflows",{"data":80304,"marks":80305,"value":80306,"nodeType":867},{},[]," from sending data to attacker-controlled infrastructure. ",{"data":80308,"content":80309,"nodeType":883},{},[80310],{"data":80311,"marks":80312,"value":80313,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s a classic case of attackers only needing to win once. And right now, it’s a numbers game that they’re winning enough to keep them coming back for more. ",{"data":80315,"content":80316,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":80318,"content":80319,"nodeType":912},{},[80320],{"data":80321,"marks":80322,"value":80323,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most wanted: Techniques gaining notoriety in the wild",{"data":80325,"content":80326,"nodeType":883},{},[80327],{"data":80328,"marks":80329,"value":80330,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at some of the techniques we’ve seen rise to prominence in 2023/4. ",{"data":80332,"content":80333,"nodeType":921},{},[80334],{"data":80335,"marks":80336,"value":395,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80338,"content":80339,"nodeType":883},{},[80340,80343,80350],{"data":80341,"marks":80342,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80344,"content":80345,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[80346],{"data":80347,"marks":80348,"value":395,"nodeType":867},{},[80349],{"type":876},{"data":80351,"marks":80352,"value":80353,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is a technique that exploits the fact that SaaS user accounts often enable multiple simultaneous logins using different sign-in methods. ",{"data":80355,"content":80356,"nodeType":883},{},[80357,80361,80366,80369,80374],{"data":80358,"marks":80359,"value":80360,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins can be used for both the ",{"data":80362,"marks":80363,"value":80365,"nodeType":867},{},[80364],{"type":910},"initial access",{"data":80367,"marks":80368,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80370,"marks":80371,"value":80373,"nodeType":867},{},[80372],{"type":910},"persistence",{"data":80375,"marks":80376,"value":80377,"nodeType":867},{},[]," stages of a cyber attack, doubling up as a defense evasion technique because of low login method visibility.",{"data":80379,"content":80380,"nodeType":883},{},[80381],{"data":80382,"marks":80383,"value":80384,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For initial access, the technique exploits the fact that local and SSO logins can exist simultaneously. Given that many apps are self-adopted by users, it’s likely that many users will default to a local username and password login at this stage. If the app is later adopted companywide and brought into SSO, the original local login will continue to exist unless explicitly disabled or deleted. ",{"data":80386,"content":80387,"nodeType":883},{},[80388],{"data":80389,"marks":80390,"value":80391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because MFA is applied at the app and IdP level independently, it is possible to end up with an SSO login that requires MFA (via the IdP login), but a local login that does not. This creates an easy target identity for attackers to look for. When combined with other identity vulnerabilities such as weak, breached, and/or reused passwords, attackers can easily automate ghost login discovery and exploitation at scale.  ",{"data":80393,"content":80394,"nodeType":883},{},[80395,80399,80407,80411,80420],{"data":80396,"marks":80397,"value":80398,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We saw the impact of ghost logins for initial access with ",{"data":80400,"content":80401,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2230},[80402],{"data":80403,"marks":80404,"value":80406,"nodeType":867},{},[80405],{"type":876},"the recent ShinyHunters campaign against Snowflake customers",{"data":80408,"marks":80409,"value":80410,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Because Snowflake accounts did not require mandatory MFA for accounts, or give admins the ability to enforce MFA by default, attackers were able to find and exploit a large number of Snowflake accounts using breached credentials from historical data breach dumps. Much of the industry response focused on ensuring SSO and MFA were deployed, but ",{"data":80412,"content":80414,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80413},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/demonstrating-ghost-logins-in-snowflake-and-how-to-remediate-them/",[80415],{"data":80416,"marks":80417,"value":80419,"nodeType":867},{},[80418],{"type":876},"the practicalities of gathering data and manually unsetting local passwords in Snowflake",{"data":80421,"marks":80422,"value":80423,"nodeType":867},{},[]," meant that ghost logins were easy to overlook by organizations responding to the attacks.   ",{"data":80425,"content":80426,"nodeType":883},{},[80427,80431,80439,80443,80451],{"data":80428,"marks":80429,"value":80430,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins can also be created after an attacker has established access to an app. For example, if a social login is used to access an account, an adversary may be able to configure a separate username/password login, or even (though much less commonly) connect a second social account that the adversary controls. If the account has sufficient privileges, it may also be possible to ",{"data":80432,"content":80433,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1142},[80434],{"data":80435,"marks":80436,"value":80438,"nodeType":867},{},[80437],{"type":876},"set up or change the SAML login settings to inject a malicious URL",{"data":80440,"marks":80441,"value":80442,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (for example to an attacker controlled tenant) or simply ",{"data":80444,"content":80445,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37489},[80446],{"data":80447,"marks":80448,"value":80450,"nodeType":867},{},[80449],{"type":876},"configure API access",{"data":80452,"marks":80453,"value":80454,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to forgo the need to log in entirely. ",{"data":80456,"content":80457,"nodeType":921},{},[80458],{"data":80459,"marks":80460,"value":80461,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AitM phishing ",{"data":80463,"content":80464,"nodeType":883},{},[80465,80468,80476],{"data":80466,"marks":80467,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80469,"content":80470,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71125},[80471],{"data":80472,"marks":80473,"value":80475,"nodeType":867},{},[80474],{"type":876},"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing",{"data":80477,"marks":80478,"value":80479,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is a newer variant of phishing that uses dedicated tooling to act as a web proxy between the victim and a legitimate login portal for an application the victim has access to, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection (with the victim responding to the MFA request as part of the attack).",{"data":80481,"content":80482,"nodeType":883},{},[80483],{"data":80484,"marks":80485,"value":80486,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. For example, if accessing their webmail, the user will see all their real emails; if accessing their cloud file store then all their real files will be present, etc. ",{"data":80488,"content":80489,"nodeType":883},{},[80490],{"data":80491,"marks":80492,"value":80493,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This gives AitM an increased sense of authenticity and makes the compromise less obvious to the user. Because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions and take control of the authenticated session. ",{"data":80495,"content":80496,"nodeType":883},{},[80497],{"data":80498,"marks":80499,"value":80500,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Alongside AitM phishing is Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM), really a form of sub-technique. Rather than act as a reverse web proxy, this technique tricks a target into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser remotely using desktop screen sharing and control approaches (such as VNC and RDP). ",{"data":80502,"content":80503,"nodeType":883},{},[80504],{"data":80505,"marks":80506,"value":80508,"nodeType":867},{},[80507],{"type":910},"This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to login to Okta for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards.",{"data":80510,"content":80511,"nodeType":883},{},[80512],{"data":80513,"marks":80514,"value":80515,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A growing majority of modern phishing attacks typically leverage AitM or BitM tooling – they are now the standard choice for threat actors, offering the ability to bypass MFA without any real tradeoff. ",{"data":80517,"content":80518,"nodeType":883},{},[80519,80523,80531,80534,80542],{"data":80520,"marks":80521,"value":80522,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For more information you can ",{"data":80524,"content":80525,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[80526],{"data":80527,"marks":80528,"value":80530,"nodeType":867},{},[80529],{"type":876},"read our recent blog post",{"data":80532,"marks":80533,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80535,"content":80536,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78896},[80537],{"data":80538,"marks":80539,"value":80541,"nodeType":867},{},[80540],{"type":876},"watch our on-demand webinar on Phishing 2.0 to see AitM and BitM tools like Evilginx and EvilnoVNC in action",{"data":80543,"marks":80544,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80546,"content":80547,"nodeType":921},{},[80548],{"data":80549,"marks":80550,"value":333,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80552,"content":80553,"nodeType":883},{},[80554,80557,80564],{"data":80555,"marks":80556,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80558,"content":80559,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80232},[80560],{"data":80561,"marks":80562,"value":333,"nodeType":867},{},[80563],{"type":876},{"data":80565,"marks":80566,"value":80567,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks continue to pose a risk to organizations. Despite the fact that MFA has now become an expected control, accounts without MFA continue to be hacked as a result of using weak, reused, and/or previously breached credentials. ",{"data":80569,"content":80570,"nodeType":883},{},[80571,80575,80583,80587,80596],{"data":80572,"marks":80573,"value":80574,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Credential stuffing is being fed by an increase in the number of ",{"data":80576,"content":80578,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80577},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/?utm_source=ebook&utm_medium=organic",[80579],{"data":80580,"marks":80581,"value":423,"nodeType":867},{},[80582],{"type":876},{"data":80584,"marks":80585,"value":80586,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks designed to harvest credentials to be sold on criminal marketplaces. Infostealers have been boosted by the success of the Snowflake attacks (",{"data":80588,"content":80590,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80589},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024?utm_source=ebook&utm_medium=organic",[80591],{"data":80592,"marks":80593,"value":80595,"nodeType":867},{},[80594],{"type":876},"where 80% of the credentials used to access accounts could be traced back to infostealer infections dating back to 2020",{"data":80597,"marks":80598,"value":3075,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80600,"content":80601,"nodeType":921},{},[80602],{"data":80603,"marks":80604,"value":80605,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Session cookie theft",{"data":80607,"content":80608,"nodeType":883},{},[80609,80613,80621],{"data":80610,"marks":80611,"value":80612,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers are increasingly ",{"data":80614,"content":80615,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71153},[80616],{"data":80617,"marks":80618,"value":80620,"nodeType":867},{},[80619],{"type":876},"targeting session cookies",{"data":80622,"marks":80623,"value":80624,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to be able to hijack live user sessions as a means of getting around MFA. Although session cookies are predominantly stolen via infostealers, techniques like AitM and BitM phishing described above are also methods of stealing session cookies and hijacking sessions.",{"data":80626,"content":80627,"nodeType":883},{},[80628],{"data":80629,"marks":80630,"value":80631,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While the majority of infostealer data dumps result in credential stuffing attacks rather than session hijacking, as the infostealer marketplace continues to heat up, it’s likely that more instances of session cookie theft will be the cause of breaches going forward. ",{"data":80633,"content":80634,"nodeType":921},{},[80635],{"data":80636,"marks":80637,"value":71103,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80639,"content":80640,"nodeType":883},{},[80641,80645,80652],{"data":80642,"marks":80643,"value":80644,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While many organizations are waking up to the fact that it’s not enough to have any old MFA method, it’s still often overlooked that you need to actually remove or disable the phishable methods. Otherwise, in many cases they remain valid, opening affected identities up to ",{"data":80646,"content":80647,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36381},[80648],{"data":80649,"marks":80650,"value":71103,"nodeType":867},{},[80651],{"type":876},{"data":80653,"marks":80654,"value":80655,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks. ",{"data":80657,"content":80658,"nodeType":883},{},[80659],{"data":80660,"marks":80661,"value":80662,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Just because a user has a phishing-resistant factor setup (such as passkeys) and may use them by default, it does not mean they are necessarily enforced. Often, services support the use of multiple authentication options, particularly for second factors. In particular, passkeys are device-bound and so enforcing their use prevents logins from other devices and can cause recovery issues in a lost/broken device scenario. Therefore, it’s common for the default case to be that passkey authentication is optional, rather than required.",{"data":80664,"content":80665,"nodeType":883},{},[80666],{"data":80667,"marks":80668,"value":80669,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When used in combination with AitM phishing tools, it’s possible for attackers to modify requests/responses so as to prevent the ability of passkeys to be selected as a login option and prompting the user to use vulnerable factors, such as passwords, TOTPs and push notifications instead. Since the server-side supports other authentication options, if the user continues and enters one of these alternative factors then their authenticated session will be compromised – despite the fact they usually use phishing-resistant MFA methods like passkeys or similar.",{"data":80671,"content":80672,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":80674,"content":80675,"nodeType":912},{},[80676],{"data":80677,"marks":80678,"value":80679,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Use case inspo: How red teamers are using the SaaS attack matrix",{"data":80681,"content":80682,"nodeType":883},{},[80683],{"data":80684,"marks":80685,"value":80686,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The techniques that advanced red teams are using to (ethically) hack into their clients are always a good indicator of what direction hackers in the real world are headed.  ",{"data":80688,"content":80689,"nodeType":883},{},[80690],{"data":80691,"marks":80692,"value":80693,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We spoke to a few of the best red teams around to see how they are using the matrix: Let’s see what they had to say. ",{"data":80695,"content":80696,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":80698,"content":80699,"nodeType":921},{},[80700],{"data":80701,"marks":80702,"value":80703,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Rob Maslen | Managing Principal Consultant | MDSec",{"data":80705,"content":80706,"nodeType":883},{},[80707],{"data":80708,"marks":80709,"value":80710,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“We use the matrix throughout our engagements: When scoping and proposing projects to clients, during testing to assist our consultants in successfully utilizing novel SaaS-attack techniques, and for reporting to provide a common language across the vendors that they work with. ",{"data":80712,"content":80713,"nodeType":883},{},[80714],{"data":80715,"marks":80716,"value":80717,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s been most useful to us when performing engagements on more modern Zero Trust Environments where macOS is predominantly the Operating System of choice. The objectives tend to be either access to critical applications that reside within the cloud and require the compromise of SaaS credentials, or to gain privileged access to a SaaS application. Whilst resources like the MITRE ATT&CK Framework can help to describe the techniques that have been used against a more traditional environment, the SaaS Matrix aids with performing and describing attacks against a more modern infrastructure.  ",{"data":80719,"content":80720,"nodeType":883},{},[80721,80725,80733],{"data":80722,"marks":80723,"value":80724,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The technique we’ve seen most success with, across both traditional Active Directory attacks and more modern Zero Trust Environments, is ",{"data":80726,"content":80727,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71153},[80728],{"data":80729,"marks":80730,"value":80732,"nodeType":867},{},[80731],{"type":876},"Session Cookie Theft",{"data":80734,"marks":80735,"value":80736,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The protection of browser cookies (for inexplicable reasons) has had less engineering attention than it should have, opening up opportunities for lateral movement using session cookies, credentials, or API keys recovered from a host becomes a key technique. In our experience defensive tooling has yet to catch up with this threat. ",{"data":80738,"content":80739,"nodeType":883},{},[80740,80744,80753,80756,80765,80768,80777,80780,80787,80790,80797,80800,80808,80811,80818,80821,80830,80833,80840,80844,80853,80856,80865],{"data":80741,"marks":80742,"value":80743,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve also seen success with various techniques across Kill Chain stages, including ",{"data":80745,"content":80747,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80746},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/subdomain_tenant_discovery/description.md",[80748],{"data":80749,"marks":80750,"value":80752,"nodeType":867},{},[80751],{"type":876},"Subdomain tenant discovery",{"data":80754,"marks":80755,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80757,"content":80759,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80758},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/dns_reconnaissance/description.md",[80760],{"data":80761,"marks":80762,"value":80764,"nodeType":867},{},[80763],{"type":876},"DNS reconnaissance",{"data":80766,"marks":80767,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80769,"content":80771,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80770},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/username_enumeration/description.md",[80772],{"data":80773,"marks":80774,"value":80776,"nodeType":867},{},[80775],{"type":876},"username enumeration",{"data":80778,"marks":80779,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80781,"content":80782,"nodeType":878},{"uri":25609},[80783],{"data":80784,"marks":80785,"value":19145,"nodeType":867},{},[80786],{"type":876},{"data":80788,"marks":80789,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80791,"content":80792,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9530},[80793],{"data":80794,"marks":80795,"value":6443,"nodeType":867},{},[80796],{"type":876},{"data":80798,"marks":80799,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80801,"content":80802,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80219},[80803],{"data":80804,"marks":80805,"value":80807,"nodeType":867},{},[80806],{"type":876},"guest access abuse",{"data":80809,"marks":80810,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80812,"content":80813,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66399},[80814],{"data":80815,"marks":80816,"value":66405,"nodeType":867},{},[80817],{"type":876},{"data":80819,"marks":80820,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80822,"content":80824,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80823},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/oauth_tokens/description.md",[80825],{"data":80826,"marks":80827,"value":80829,"nodeType":867},{},[80828],{"type":876},"OAuth tokens",{"data":80831,"marks":80832,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80834,"content":80835,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37489},[80836],{"data":80837,"marks":80838,"value":45983,"nodeType":867},{},[80839],{"type":876},{"data":80841,"marks":80842,"value":80843,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (as long as you ensure the target isn't notified – make sure you delete the notification of creation email!), ",{"data":80845,"content":80847,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80846},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_secret_theft/description.md",[80848],{"data":80849,"marks":80850,"value":80852,"nodeType":867},{},[80851],{"type":876},"API secret theft",{"data":80854,"marks":80855,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80857,"content":80859,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80858},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_backdooring/description.md",[80860],{"data":80861,"marks":80862,"value":80864,"nodeType":867},{},[80863],{"type":876},"link backdooring",{"data":80866,"marks":80867,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80869,"content":80870,"nodeType":883},{},[80871],{"data":80872,"marks":80873,"value":80874,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Embracing the modern Zero Trust architecture with its greater SaaS usage does not come without security risks, and while it does invalidate a large number of the attacks that can be performed within an AD environment, the SaaS attack matrix is a great way of illustrating how these attacks work, as well as helping red and blue teams respectively to simulate and defend against them.\" ",{"data":80876,"content":80877,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":80879,"content":80880,"nodeType":921},{},[80881],{"data":80882,"marks":80883,"value":80884,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Tom Ellson | Head of Offensive Security | Stripe OLT",{"data":80886,"content":80887,"nodeType":883},{},[80888],{"data":80889,"marks":80890,"value":80891,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“We've used the SaaS attack matrix across several cloud-native engagements, for both initial access and lateral movement. My go-to techniques so far have been:",{"data":80893,"content":80894,"nodeType":1526},{},[80895,80922,80944,80966],{"data":80896,"content":80897,"nodeType":1505},{},[80898],{"data":80899,"content":80900,"nodeType":883},{},[80901,80904,80914,80918],{"data":80902,"marks":80903,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80905,"content":80907,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80906},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_phishing/description.md",[80908],{"data":80909,"marks":80910,"value":80913,"nodeType":867},{},[80911,80912],{"type":876},{"type":910},"IM phishing:",{"data":80915,"marks":80916,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[80917],{"type":910},{"data":80919,"marks":80920,"value":80921,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing via Microsoft Teams in particular has been highly successful, especially when paired with a number of abusable “features” (working as intended, clearly). ",{"data":80923,"content":80924,"nodeType":1505},{},[80925],{"data":80926,"content":80927,"nodeType":883},{},[80928,80931,80940],{"data":80929,"marks":80930,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80932,"content":80933,"nodeType":878},{"uri":9530},[80934],{"data":80935,"marks":80936,"value":80939,"nodeType":867},{},[80937,80938],{"type":876},{"type":910},"Device code phishing:",{"data":80941,"marks":80942,"value":80943,"nodeType":867},{},[]," We use this for both initial access and persistence. It’s a great way of getting around MFA by tricking the victim into following the device approval process for our device, but using their device. ",{"data":80945,"content":80946,"nodeType":1505},{},[80947],{"data":80948,"content":80949,"nodeType":883},{},[80950,80953,80962],{"data":80951,"marks":80952,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80954,"content":80955,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71125},[80956],{"data":80957,"marks":80958,"value":80961,"nodeType":867},{},[80959,80960],{"type":876},{"type":910},"AitM phishing:",{"data":80963,"marks":80964,"value":80965,"nodeType":867},{},[]," This is now a staple for credential harvesting. Better security controls force us to abuse other avenues to bypass conditional access policies, such as extraction of the PRT token from the end user device, thus granting us claimed access, which can be achieved using AitM and BitM techniques.",{"data":80967,"content":80968,"nodeType":1505},{},[80969],{"data":80970,"content":80971,"nodeType":883},{},[80972,80975,80985,80989],{"data":80973,"marks":80974,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":80976,"content":80978,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80977},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/oauth_token_enumeration/description.md",[80979],{"data":80980,"marks":80981,"value":80984,"nodeType":867},{},[80982,80983],{"type":876},{"type":910},"OAuth token enumeration:",{"data":80986,"marks":80987,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[80988],{"type":910},{"data":80990,"marks":80991,"value":80992,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once an account has been compromised, the Myapps portal is commonly used to validate the accessible applications and further target downstream apps to access data and functionality. ",{"data":80994,"content":80995,"nodeType":883},{},[80996],{"data":80997,"marks":80998,"value":80999,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re usually targeting M365 environments but have still found these attack techniques to be highly effective. In some cases, we’ve leveraged other SaaS applications such as abusing in-app phishing via GitHub to compromise development pipelines. The matrix is particularly useful as a playbook of further attacks once initial access has been established. Even just the awareness of how to pivot from SaaS to SaaS (and sometimes back to Microsoft or Google) is really eye-opening for red teams, and adds a new dimension to the security testing that our clients are used to experiencing. ",{"data":81001,"content":81002,"nodeType":883},{},[81003],{"data":81004,"marks":81005,"value":81006,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because of the success of using these methods, we’ve now incorporated the SaaS attack matrix techniques into our purple teaming methodology to ensure that our clients can build awareness of their detection visibility gaps when it comes to identity attacks, and are routinely benchmarked against them.”  ",{"data":81008,"content":81009,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":81011,"content":81012,"nodeType":921},{},[81013],{"data":81014,"marks":81015,"value":81016,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Max Corbridge | Head of Adversarial Simulation | JUMPSEC",{"data":81018,"content":81019,"nodeType":883},{},[81020],{"data":81021,"marks":81022,"value":81023,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“I’ve been a big fan of the matrix from day one. We use it for two main purposes – as a catalog of TTPs to apply during threat modeling exercises with cloud-native clients, and as a guide for how to apply novel TTPs to different apps and situations. The wiki descriptions, video demonstrations and references help enormously with this. ",{"data":81025,"content":81026,"nodeType":883},{},[81027,81031,81039,81042,81049,81052,81061,81064,81072],{"data":81028,"marks":81029,"value":81030,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve mostly relied on ",{"data":81032,"content":81033,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80906},[81034],{"data":81035,"marks":81036,"value":81038,"nodeType":867},{},[81037],{"type":876},"IM phishing",{"data":81040,"marks":81041,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":81043,"content":81044,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71125},[81045],{"data":81046,"marks":81047,"value":80193,"nodeType":867},{},[81048],{"type":876},{"data":81050,"marks":81051,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":81053,"content":81055,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81054},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/abuse_existing_oauth_integrations/description.md",[81056],{"data":81057,"marks":81058,"value":81060,"nodeType":867},{},[81059],{"type":876},"abusing OAuth integrations",{"data":81062,"marks":81063,"value":7979,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":81065,"content":81067,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81066},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/samljacking/description.md",[81068],{"data":81069,"marks":81070,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[81071],{"type":876},{"data":81073,"marks":81074,"value":81075,"nodeType":867},{},[],". In one recent engagement, we were able to compromise a cloud identity with limited permissions in the target Azure environment. We were able to enumerate additional OAuth integrations to laterally move to a third-party IT Service Management SaaS application, which presented a much easier target to elevate privileges. We actually ended up finding a number of 0-days in the application, which we then used as a trusted platform to launch a covert spear-phishing campaign against specific high-privilege users, communicating back-and-forth as though we were a genuine support team, and hiding risky changes to cover our tracks. Ultimately we were able to pivot back into the target Azure estate, but now with administrative privileges. ",{"data":81077,"content":81078,"nodeType":883},{},[81079],{"data":81080,"marks":81081,"value":81082,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This really shows how third-party identities and apps are often the soft underbelly for a lot of otherwise pretty secure orgs that we work with, and we’re enjoying the challenge of finding new ways of getting to the crown jewels. ",{"data":81084,"content":81085,"nodeType":883},{},[81086],{"data":81087,"marks":81088,"value":81089,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In my eyes the world of cloud and SaaS-native attack techniques is under-researched for how increasingly relevant it is becoming. Many of the older TTPs and tradecraft are no longer relevant in a cloud-native world, and even when the techniques are consistent with the ways we used to target networks and endpoints, the context and how it actually works is completely different. So, resources like the SaaS attack matrix will continue to be needed for both offensive and defensive security practitioners going forwards”.",{"data":81091,"content":81092,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":81094,"content":81095,"nodeType":912},{},[81096],{"data":81097,"marks":81098,"value":39759,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":81100,"content":81101,"nodeType":883},{},[81102],{"data":81103,"marks":81104,"value":81105,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hopefully you're now feeling inspired to get involved and start applying the SaaS attack matrix yourself. And if you’ve been using the matrix and want to share your experience with us, we’d love to hear from you. ",{"data":81107,"content":81108,"nodeType":883},{},[81109,81113,81120],{"data":81110,"marks":81111,"value":81112,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We hope to see your comments, discussions, or PRs on ",{"data":81114,"content":81115,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[81116],{"data":81117,"marks":81118,"value":2355,"nodeType":867},{},[81119],{"type":876},{"data":81121,"marks":81122,"value":81123,"nodeType":867},{},[],"!",{"data":81125,"content":81126,"nodeType":883},{},[81127,81131,81140],{"data":81128,"marks":81129,"value":81130,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If this has piqued your interest, we’ve just released a 2024 edition of our SaaS attacks report: ",{"data":81132,"content":81134,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81133},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/book/saas-attacks-report/",[81135],{"data":81136,"marks":81137,"value":81139,"nodeType":867},{},[81138],{"type":876},"get your copy 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Security tools and product categories have been added and replaced, specialist disciplines established, and methodologies created. ",{"data":82243,"content":82244,"nodeType":883},{},[82245],{"data":82246,"marks":82247,"value":82248,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Naturally, defenders have had to mature their approach because of the changing nature of the threat facing organizations. Attackers have always looked for new ways to target their victims, and naturally, defenders have had to adapt, forcing attackers to change things up… it’s a cat and mouse game. ",{"data":82250,"content":82251,"nodeType":883},{},[82252,82256,82264,82268],{"data":82253,"marks":82254,"value":82255,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Blue teamers have used the concept of the ",{"data":82257,"content":82259,"nodeType":878},{"uri":82258},"https://detect-respond.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-pyramid-of-pain.html",[82260],{"data":82261,"marks":82262,"value":67105,"nodeType":867},{},[82263],{"type":876},{"data":82265,"marks":82266,"value":82267,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for over a decade. The logic is simple: ",{"data":82269,"marks":82270,"value":82272,"nodeType":867},{},[82271],{"type":910},"Focus on detecting and responding to indicators that are hard for attackers to change. ",{"data":82274,"content":82278,"nodeType":892},{"target":82275},{"sys":82276},{"id":82277,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6cG2fx3AikwptyEyXKrYCK",[],{"data":82280,"content":82281,"nodeType":883},{},[82282],{"data":82283,"marks":82284,"value":82285,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If an attacker only has to tweak a variable to get around your detection rule, like adding a space to change a hash value, it’s probably not a very good detection. It’s not going to remain effective for long and you’re always going to be one step behind the attacker – waiting for them to make their next move so you can react. This usually ends up meaning that attackers enjoy at least some success before they can be shut out again. ",{"data":82287,"content":82288,"nodeType":883},{},[82289],{"data":82290,"marks":82291,"value":82292,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Pyramid of Pain – and the goal of implementing hard-to-bypass detections that hit attackers where it hurts – is central to our design philosophy. But before we get into how we apply this approach, and the types of controls we’ve created as a result, it’s useful to look at how IT and security have changed since the Pyramid was created more than a decade ago. ",{"data":82294,"content":82295,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":82297,"content":82298,"nodeType":912},{},[82299],{"data":82300,"marks":82301,"value":82302,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A new era for cyber security",{"data":82304,"content":82305,"nodeType":883},{},[82306,82310,82319],{"data":82307,"marks":82308,"value":82309,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve spoken a lot about how we’re in the midst of a new era in cybersecurity, in which identity is now the outermost digital perimeter for security teams to defend. (",{"data":82311,"content":82313,"nodeType":878},{"uri":82312},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/the-new-saas-cyber-kill-chain-so-con-2024/",[82314],{"data":82315,"marks":82316,"value":82318,"nodeType":867},{},[82317],{"type":876},"You’ll be familiar with this if you’ve seen any of Luke’s talks on the New SaaS Cyber Kill Chain.",{"data":82320,"marks":82321,"value":82322,"nodeType":867},{},[],") ",{"data":82324,"content":82328,"nodeType":892},{"target":82325},{"sys":82326},{"id":82327,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6nYSZAYpsbj78jKm0q75zs",[],{"data":82330,"content":82331,"nodeType":883},{},[82332],{"data":82333,"marks":82334,"value":82335,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is primarily because modern working is no longer contained to a heavily centralized corporate network, and instead happens primarily in applications accessed over the internet via web browser.",{"data":82337,"content":82338,"nodeType":883},{},[82339,82343,82350,82354,82360,82364,82371],{"data":82340,"marks":82341,"value":82342,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this new world, attacks don’t even have to touch the old perimeters, because all the data and functionality they could want exists on the public internet. As a result, we’re seeing more and more ",{"data":82344,"content":82345,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1686},[82346],{"data":82347,"marks":82348,"value":82349,"nodeType":867},{},[],"attacks targeting SaaS apps",{"data":82351,"marks":82352,"value":82353,"nodeType":867},{},[],", with the entire attack chain being concluded outside customer networks, not touching any traditional endpoints or networks. The ",{"data":82355,"content":82356,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2230},[82357],{"data":82358,"marks":82359,"value":77267,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82361,"marks":82362,"value":82363,"nodeType":867},{},[],", hailed ",{"data":82365,"content":82366,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63308},[82367],{"data":82368,"marks":82369,"value":82370,"nodeType":867},{},[],"one of the biggest breaches in history",{"data":82372,"marks":82373,"value":82374,"nodeType":867},{},[],", demonstrate this risk all too well. ",{"data":82376,"content":82377,"nodeType":883},{},[82378],{"data":82379,"marks":82380,"value":82381,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This creates a problem for security teams looking to detect and respond to these attacks. ",{"data":82383,"content":82384,"nodeType":921},{},[82385],{"data":82386,"marks":82387,"value":82388,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks today are shorter and faster, but just as dangerous",{"data":82390,"content":82391,"nodeType":883},{},[82392],{"data":82393,"marks":82394,"value":82395,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting and responding to identity attacks – phishing, credential stuffing, etc. – used to be just one possible method of initial access in quite a lengthy Kill Chain that stretched from the compromise of the user device, pivoting to internal network resources, escalating privileges, moving laterally, and finally achieving their objectives.",{"data":82397,"content":82398,"nodeType":883},{},[82399],{"data":82400,"marks":82401,"value":82402,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This meant that defenders could adopt an assumed compromise mentality and build layered detections, as well as proactively hunting for threats across these various stages and layers of the network. The more actions an attacker has to perform, the more opportunities for detection, and the higher the likelihood that they’ll be caught in the act before any real, lasting damage can be caused. ",{"data":82404,"content":82405,"nodeType":883},{},[82406],{"data":82407,"marks":82408,"value":82409,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Today, attackers have a lot of opportunities to cause significant damage for much less effort than before. For example, if the goal is to compromise an app like Snowflake and dump the data from it, the Kill Chain is way shorter than a traditional network-based attack. And all the great tools and security products you have, like EDR, don’t come into play. ",{"data":82411,"content":82412,"nodeType":883},{},[82413],{"data":82414,"marks":82415,"value":82416,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means that the initial layer of anti-account takeover controls are much more important in this context. But, the historical detections in this space – email gateway security products, analyzing web pages for malicious content, and URL blocklisting – are either less relevant, or built upon easy to bypass detections toward the bottom of the Pyramid of Pain. ",{"data":82418,"content":82419,"nodeType":883},{},[82420,82424,82431],{"data":82421,"marks":82422,"value":82423,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As an example, ",{"data":82425,"content":82426,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54450},[82427],{"data":82428,"marks":82429,"value":82430,"nodeType":867},{},[],"we recently published an article on all the ways that AitM phishing sites are evading detection",{"data":82432,"marks":82433,"value":82434,"nodeType":867},{},[],". TL;DR – there are a lot, and they seem to be quite effective. But this is partly because the majority of the detections they're trying to avoid are built on shaky ground.   ",{"data":82436,"content":82437,"nodeType":883},{},[82438],{"data":82439,"marks":82440,"value":82442,"nodeType":867},{},[82441],{"type":910},"So what? Well, it’s clear that the controls that the industry has relied on in the past to stop identity attacks are too easy to bypass, and are no longer sufficient. ",{"data":82444,"content":82445,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":82447,"content":82448,"nodeType":912},{},[82449],{"data":82450,"marks":82451,"value":82452,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Building effective identity threat detection controls",{"data":82454,"content":82455,"nodeType":883},{},[82456],{"data":82457,"marks":82458,"value":82459,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now we’ve covered the problem that we set out to solve, let’s look at what we’re doing differently. ",{"data":82461,"content":82462,"nodeType":883},{},[82463],{"data":82464,"marks":82465,"value":82466,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In order to climb the Pyramid toward the apex, you need to find ways to detect increasingly generic parts of an attack technique. So you want to avoid things like what a specific malware’s code looks like, or where it connects back to. But what the malware does, or what happens when it runs, is more generic, and therefore more interesting to us.  ",{"data":82468,"content":82469,"nodeType":883},{},[82470],{"data":82471,"marks":82472,"value":82473,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The shift from static code signatures and fuzzy hashes to dynamic analysis of what code does on a live system is at the heart of why EDR killed antivirus a decade ago. It proved at-scale the value of moving detections up the pyramid.",{"data":82475,"content":82476,"nodeType":883},{},[82477],{"data":82478,"marks":82479,"value":82480,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re always on the lookout for ways to move our detections up the pyramid as well. It’s easiest to explain how we’ve applied this by looking at an example. ",{"data":82482,"content":82483,"nodeType":921},{},[82484],{"data":82485,"marks":82486,"value":82487,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scenario: Detecting a web-based phishing attack",{"data":82489,"content":82490,"nodeType":883},{},[82491],{"data":82492,"marks":82493,"value":82494,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s break down the stages of a web-based phishing attack as an example. For a user to be successfully phished:",{"data":82496,"content":82497,"nodeType":1526},{},[82498,82513,82528],{"data":82499,"content":82500,"nodeType":1505},{},[82501],{"data":82502,"content":82503,"nodeType":883},{},[82504,82509],{"data":82505,"marks":82506,"value":82508,"nodeType":867},{},[82507],{"type":910},"Stage 1:",{"data":82510,"marks":82511,"value":82512,"nodeType":867},{},[]," The victim must be lured to visit a website.",{"data":82514,"content":82515,"nodeType":1505},{},[82516],{"data":82517,"content":82518,"nodeType":883},{},[82519,82524],{"data":82520,"marks":82521,"value":82523,"nodeType":867},{},[82522],{"type":910},"Stage 2:",{"data":82525,"marks":82526,"value":82527,"nodeType":867},{},[]," The website must somehow trick or convince the user that it’s legitimate and trustworthy, for example by mimicking a legitimate site.",{"data":82529,"content":82530,"nodeType":1505},{},[82531],{"data":82532,"content":82533,"nodeType":883},{},[82534,82539],{"data":82535,"marks":82536,"value":82538,"nodeType":867},{},[82537],{"type":910},"Stage 3:",{"data":82540,"marks":82541,"value":82542,"nodeType":867},{},[]," The user must enter their actual credentials into that website.",{"data":82544,"content":82545,"nodeType":883},{},[82546],{"data":82547,"marks":82548,"value":82549,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, how might you go about detecting this attack? Let’s start from the bottom of the pyramid and work our way up.",{"data":82551,"content":82552,"nodeType":921},{},[82553],{"data":82554,"marks":82555,"value":82556,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stage 1: Determining if a URL, IP, or domain is bad",{"data":82558,"content":82559,"nodeType":883},{},[82560],{"data":82561,"marks":82562,"value":82563,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You might start by looking for the lure – historically an email. You could look for links in emails, or links in attachments in an email and then check if they are bad (which is essentially what email security products do). You could look for known-bad URLs in emails, but these change for every phishing campaign. In modern attacks, every target can receive a unique email and link. Even just using a URL shortener can bypass this. It’s equivalent to a malware hash – trivial to change, and therefore not a great thing to pin your detections on. ",{"data":82565,"content":82566,"nodeType":883},{},[82567,82571,82580],{"data":82568,"marks":82569,"value":82570,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You could look at which IP address the user connects to, but these days it’s very simple for attackers to add a new IP to their cloud-hosted server. If a domain is flagged as known-bad, the attacker only has to register a new domain, or compromise a WordPress server on an already trusted domain. Both of these things are ",{"data":82572,"content":82574,"nodeType":878},{"uri":82573},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/revolver-rabbit-gang-registers-500-000-domains-for-malware-campaigns/",[82575],{"data":82576,"marks":82577,"value":82579,"nodeType":867},{},[82578],{"type":876},"happening on a massive scale",{"data":82581,"marks":82582,"value":82583,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as attackers pre-plan for the fact that their domains will be burned at some point. Attackers are more than happy to spend $10-$20 per new domain in the grand scheme of the potential proceeds of crime. ",{"data":82585,"content":82586,"nodeType":883},{},[82587],{"data":82588,"marks":82589,"value":82590,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But there’s a more fundamental flaw here – for defenders to know that a URL, IP, or domain name is bad, it needs to be reported first. When are things reported? Typically after being used in an attack – so unfortunately, someone always gets hurt.  ",{"data":82592,"content":82593,"nodeType":921},{},[82594],{"data":82595,"marks":82596,"value":82597,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stage 2: Determining if a site is legitimate",{"data":82599,"content":82600,"nodeType":883},{},[82601],{"data":82602,"marks":82603,"value":82604,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So how can we detect a phishing website, on day-zero, the first time anyone runs into it? Well we can look at the second step – does the URL resemble a real website, does the HTML code for a page look similar to a legitimate login page for a known website, is it loading the same image files? This is not trivial to detect, but with the right fuzzy matches and image analysis it can be automated.",{"data":82606,"content":82607,"nodeType":883},{},[82608],{"data":82609,"marks":82610,"value":82611,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve now moved up a level on the Pyramid – we’re detecting website artifacts. If we see a legitimate looking website on an unknown domain, it’s likely to be a malicious clone.",{"data":82613,"content":82614,"nodeType":883},{},[82615],{"data":82616,"marks":82617,"value":82618,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unfortunately, the attacker’s website doesn’t need to send each visitor to the same website. It can change dynamically based on where the visitor is coming from – or even randomly, so that not all visitors are served the phishing page. This means that tools which resolve where the links in emails go to be able to analyze them (such as email security appliances) don’t necessarily see the same site the user is actually visiting – a fact that is commonly abused by attackers to bypass detection. It’s critical that detection happens on the actual web page that the victim sees.",{"data":82620,"content":82621,"nodeType":921},{},[82622],{"data":82623,"marks":82624,"value":82625,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stage 3: Detecting the user entering their credentials",{"data":82627,"content":82628,"nodeType":883},{},[82629],{"data":82630,"marks":82631,"value":82632,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For a phishing attack to succeed, the victim must enter their actual credentials into the webpage. If you can stop the user entering their real password, there’s no attack. There’s no getting around it. ",{"data":82634,"content":82635,"nodeType":883},{},[82636,82640,82647],{"data":82637,"marks":82638,"value":82639,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, this is exactly what we did: Earlier this year, we released a control which ",{"data":82641,"content":82642,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20141},[82643],{"data":82644,"marks":82645,"value":82646,"nodeType":867},{},[],"stops users from entering their password belonging to a particular login page anywhere else",{"data":82648,"marks":82649,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82651,"content":82652,"nodeType":883},{},[82653,82657,82664],{"data":82654,"marks":82655,"value":82656,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Seems simple, right? By focusing on this generic action, that always has to happen, you can essentially stop your users being phished altogether. This means, it doesn’t matter ",{"data":82658,"content":82659,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54450},[82660],{"data":82661,"marks":82662,"value":82663,"nodeType":867},{},[],"what the attacker does before that point",{"data":82665,"marks":82666,"value":30960,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82668,"content":82669,"nodeType":1526},{},[82670,82680,82690,82700],{"data":82671,"content":82672,"nodeType":1505},{},[82673],{"data":82674,"content":82675,"nodeType":883},{},[82676],{"data":82677,"marks":82678,"value":82679,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It doesn't matter if they run the site using Cloudflare Workers to block automatic analysis.",{"data":82681,"content":82682,"nodeType":1505},{},[82683],{"data":82684,"content":82685,"nodeType":883},{},[82686],{"data":82687,"marks":82688,"value":82689,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they hack a WordPress blog to get a reputable domain.",{"data":82691,"content":82692,"nodeType":1505},{},[82693],{"data":82694,"content":82695,"nodeType":883},{},[82696],{"data":82697,"marks":82698,"value":82699,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they use clever redirects and rotate the URLs delivered to the user.",{"data":82701,"content":82702,"nodeType":1505},{},[82703],{"data":82704,"content":82705,"nodeType":883},{},[82706],{"data":82707,"marks":82708,"value":82709,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they randomize the HTML title for the web page. ",{"data":82711,"content":82712,"nodeType":883},{},[82713],{"data":82714,"marks":82715,"value":82716,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They can’t avoid the fact that a user is required to enter their credentials on the page for the attack to succeed. ",{"data":82718,"content":82719,"nodeType":883},{},[82720],{"data":82721,"marks":82722,"value":82723,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, when you apply the Pyramid of Pain to some of the controls we’ve shipped this year, we get a clear feel for the value, from highest to lowest:",{"data":82725,"content":82726,"nodeType":1526},{},[82727,82747,82767],{"data":82728,"content":82729,"nodeType":1505},{},[82730],{"data":82731,"content":82732,"nodeType":883},{},[82733,82737,82744],{"data":82734,"marks":82735,"value":82736,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User Behavior: ",{"data":82738,"content":82739,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20141},[82740],{"data":82741,"marks":82742,"value":82743,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting and blocking the user behavior of entering their password into any site that the password doesn’t belong to",{"data":82745,"marks":82746,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82748,"content":82749,"nodeType":1505},{},[82750],{"data":82751,"content":82752,"nodeType":883},{},[82753,82757,82764],{"data":82754,"marks":82755,"value":82756,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Tool Behavior: ",{"data":82758,"content":82759,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67119},[82760],{"data":82761,"marks":82762,"value":82763,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting when a login page that you access is cloned from a legitimate page.",{"data":82765,"marks":82766,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82768,"content":82769,"nodeType":1505},{},[82770],{"data":82771,"content":82772,"nodeType":883},{},[82773,82777,82784],{"data":82774,"marks":82775,"value":82776,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Tool Signature: ",{"data":82778,"content":82779,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67067},[82780],{"data":82781,"marks":82782,"value":82783,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting and blocking access to a page with a known phishing kit signature present on the page",{"data":82785,"marks":82786,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82788,"content":82789,"nodeType":883},{},[82790],{"data":82791,"marks":82792,"value":82793,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Naturally, we want to continue focusing on the apex of the Pyramid – at TTPs and Tools – to ensure that the controls we build are as robust as possible, and can’t be bypassed by attackers. ",{"data":82795,"content":82796,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":82798,"content":82799,"nodeType":912},{},[82800],{"data":82801,"marks":82802,"value":82803,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The power of the Push browser agent",{"data":82805,"content":82806,"nodeType":883},{},[82807,82811,82816],{"data":82808,"marks":82809,"value":82810,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You might ask: ",{"data":82812,"marks":82813,"value":82815,"nodeType":867},{},[82814],{"type":910},"If it’s so simple, why hasn’t this been done yet?",{"data":82817,"marks":82818,"value":82819,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Well, before now, there was no good way of doing it! Teams simply didn’t have tools in the right place to be able to capture the level of data needed, or respond effectively (i.e. automatically, at the point of impact). ",{"data":82821,"content":82822,"nodeType":883},{},[82823,82827,82834],{"data":82824,"marks":82825,"value":82826,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is where being in the browser comes into play. The browser is a great place to observe the behavior of a page in real time, without needing to reconstruct decrypted HTTP data post-TLS termination and try to guess what the rendered page in all its Javascript-infused glory actually does, ",{"data":82828,"content":82829,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38264},[82830],{"data":82831,"marks":82832,"value":82833,"nodeType":867},{},[],"as we’ve blogged about previously",{"data":82835,"marks":82836,"value":82837,"nodeType":867},{},[],". As we’ve seen through the ability to not only detect but prevent phishing attacks, it’s also a great control enforcement point, as you’re able to intercept the user at the point of impact, and you sit as closely as possible to where their work typically happens – in the browser. ",{"data":82839,"content":82840,"nodeType":883},{},[82841],{"data":82842,"marks":82843,"value":82844,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To illustrate how crucial the browser is to implementing controls that sit at the apex of the Pyramid of Pain, we created a modified version designed specifically for identity attacks. ",{"data":82846,"content":82850,"nodeType":892},{"target":82847},{"sys":82848},{"id":82849,"type":889,"linkType":890},"HrK2xQak6KfjInDbeSgv8",[],{"data":82852,"content":82856,"nodeType":892},{"target":82853},{"sys":82854},{"id":82855,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7kLilJ8Y08smUI9ttM3BSO",[],{"data":82858,"content":82859,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":82861,"content":82862,"nodeType":912},{},[82863],{"data":82864,"marks":82865,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82867,"content":82868,"nodeType":883},{},[82869],{"data":82870,"marks":82871,"value":82872,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hopefully, this blog post has shone a light on why we do things the way we do here at Push. The goal of building generic detections that are difficult, painful, and costly for attackers to bypass is a key part of our design strategy, and we look forward to sharing many more controls with you that demonstrate this in the future.","Our design philosophy: Detecting what matters","This is the first blog in a short series we’re putting together about the ‘why’ behind the ‘what’ at Push. This entry is focused on threat detection. 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Just look at any of the ",{"data":82915,"content":82917,"nodeType":878},{"uri":82916},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/global-threat-report/",[82918],{"data":82919,"marks":82920,"value":82921,"nodeType":867},{},[],"latest",{"data":82923,"marks":82924,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82926,"content":82928,"nodeType":878},{"uri":82927},"https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/techniques/cloud-accounts/",[82929],{"data":82930,"marks":82931,"value":82932,"nodeType":867},{},[],"threat",{"data":82934,"marks":82935,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82937,"content":82938,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7665},[82939],{"data":82940,"marks":82941,"value":82942,"nodeType":867},{},[],"research",{"data":82944,"marks":82945,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82947,"content":82948,"nodeType":878},{"uri":79683},[82949],{"data":82950,"marks":82951,"value":82952,"nodeType":867},{},[],"reports",{"data":82954,"marks":82955,"value":82956,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on identity-based attacks to see how good a job they’ve been doing.)",{"data":82958,"content":82959,"nodeType":883},{},[82960],{"data":82961,"marks":82962,"value":82963,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To get visibility of your infrastructure in order to build a strong detection and response program, the equation used to look something like:",{"data":82965,"content":82966,"nodeType":883},{},[82967],{"data":82968,"marks":82969,"value":82970,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Network traffic + Logs + Endpoints = Profit!",{"data":82972,"content":82973,"nodeType":883},{},[82974,82978,82983],{"data":82975,"marks":82976,"value":82977,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But now there’s a missing piece, as identity infrastructure sprawls across IdPs, core apps, shadow SaaS and third-party integrations: ",{"data":82979,"marks":82980,"value":82982,"nodeType":867},{},[82981],{"type":910},"Browser telemetry",{"data":82984,"marks":82985,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":82987,"content":82988,"nodeType":883},{},[82989],{"data":82990,"marks":82991,"value":82992,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a browser agent, Push is uniquely positioned to provide telemetry you can’t easily get anywhere else. We believe that this missing piece is the key to stopping identity attacks by providing the context both for first-class detections and security controls, as well as key correlations for events you observe in traditional log sources.",{"data":82994,"content":82995,"nodeType":883},{},[82996],{"data":82997,"marks":82998,"value":82999,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now we have a better way to bring Push’s data to life to solve meaningful security challenges:",{"data":83001,"content":83002,"nodeType":1526},{},[83003,83031],{"data":83004,"content":83005,"nodeType":1505},{},[83006],{"data":83007,"content":83008,"nodeType":883},{},[83009,83014,83018,83027],{"data":83010,"marks":83011,"value":83013,"nodeType":867},{},[83012],{"type":910},"Plug-and-play security controls",{"data":83015,"marks":83016,"value":83017,"nodeType":867},{},[],", accessible from the new ",{"data":83019,"content":83022,"nodeType":13489},{"target":83020},{"sys":83021},{"id":79871,"type":889,"linkType":890},[83023],{"data":83024,"marks":83025,"value":59502,"nodeType":867},{},[83026],{"type":910},{"data":83028,"marks":83029,"value":83030,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page in the Push platform",{"data":83032,"content":83033,"nodeType":1505},{},[83034],{"data":83035,"content":83036,"nodeType":883},{},[83037,83042,83046,83053,83056,83063,83067,83075],{"data":83038,"marks":83039,"value":83041,"nodeType":867},{},[83040],{"type":910},"Choose-your-own-adventure tooling",{"data":83043,"marks":83044,"value":83045,"nodeType":867},{},[],", including a ",{"data":83047,"content":83048,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78736},[83049],{"data":83050,"marks":83051,"value":83052,"nodeType":867},{},[],"REST API",{"data":83054,"marks":83055,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":83057,"content":83058,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60081},[83059],{"data":83060,"marks":83061,"value":83062,"nodeType":867},{},[],"webhooks",{"data":83064,"marks":83065,"value":83066,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and a new ",{"data":83068,"content":83070,"nodeType":878},{"uri":83069},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/#using-the-events-page",[83071],{"data":83072,"marks":83073,"value":14496,"nodeType":867},{},[83074],{"type":910},{"data":83076,"marks":83077,"value":83078,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page to help you visualize and build custom detections and automations.",{"data":83080,"content":83081,"nodeType":883},{},[83082],{"data":83083,"marks":83084,"value":83085,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look.",{"data":83087,"content":83091,"nodeType":892},{"target":83088},{"sys":83089},{"id":83090,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6iKFd9Qys2SSuNqKVQB7ka",[],{"data":83093,"content":83094,"nodeType":912},{},[83095],{"data":83096,"marks":83097,"value":83098,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Plug-and-play controls",{"data":83100,"content":83101,"nodeType":883},{},[83102],{"data":83103,"marks":83104,"value":83105,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security visibility without security control is a recipe for a stress headache, so we’re big believers in providing meaningful interventions that are easy to use.",{"data":83107,"content":83108,"nodeType":883},{},[83109,83113,83117],{"data":83110,"marks":83111,"value":83112,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With the new ",{"data":83114,"marks":83115,"value":59502,"nodeType":867},{},[83116],{"type":910},{"data":83118,"marks":83119,"value":83120,"nodeType":867},{},[]," page in the Push admin console, you can now find these preconfigured detections and interventions in one place. They cover use cases that any organization can benefit from, and take a unique browser-based approach to solving some thorny issues.",{"data":83122,"content":83123,"nodeType":883},{},[83124],{"data":83125,"marks":83126,"value":83127,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These controls include:",{"data":83129,"content":83130,"nodeType":921},{},[83131],{"data":83132,"marks":83133,"value":26726,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":83135,"content":83136,"nodeType":883},{},[83137,83141,83146,83149,83154],{"data":83138,"marks":83139,"value":83140,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect and block when employees visit webpages that use advanced phishing tools such as Evilginx or EvilNoVNC, among others. 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",{"data":83351,"content":83352,"nodeType":883},{},[83353],{"data":83354,"marks":83355,"value":83356,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By analyzing logs from your IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":83358,"content":83359,"nodeType":883},{},[83360],{"data":83361,"marks":83362,"value":83363,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a session token has been stolen and is being used.",{"data":83365,"content":83369,"nodeType":892},{"target":83366},{"sys":83367},{"id":83368,"type":889,"linkType":890},"43rk3TCqN269Vr2YWT4llP",[],{"data":83371,"content":83372,"nodeType":883},{},[83373,83376,83384],{"data":83374,"marks":83375,"value":83191,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":83377,"content":83380,"nodeType":13489},{"target":83378},{"sys":83379},{"id":60336,"type":889,"linkType":890},[83381],{"data":83382,"marks":83383,"value":60342,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":83385,"marks":83386,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":83388,"content":83389,"nodeType":921},{},[83390],{"data":83391,"marks":83392,"value":14409,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":83394,"content":83395,"nodeType":883},{},[83396],{"data":83397,"marks":83398,"value":83399,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Add guardrails to employees’ use of SaaS apps with in-browser app banner messages you customize with your own text. You can require users to acknowledge having read a message before they can access an app, or even require them to submit a reason for using an app before they can log in.",{"data":83401,"content":83405,"nodeType":892},{"target":83402},{"sys":83403},{"id":83404,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5nEKTBz6mauHI5mg8jB4ea",[],{"data":83407,"content":83408,"nodeType":883},{},[83409,83412,83420],{"data":83410,"marks":83411,"value":83191,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":83413,"content":83416,"nodeType":13489},{"target":83414},{"sys":83415},{"id":14241,"type":889,"linkType":890},[83417],{"data":83418,"marks":83419,"value":67675,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":83421,"marks":83422,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":83424,"content":83425,"nodeType":912},{},[83426],{"data":83427,"marks":83428,"value":83429,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Choose your own adventure",{"data":83431,"content":83432,"nodeType":883},{},[83433],{"data":83434,"marks":83435,"value":83436,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Want to do something creative? We've got you covered. Push provides a wealth of raw telemetry via the Push REST API and webhook events. Use this data to build both proactive and reactive security operations workflows, or add missing context to other sources, such as your IdP, application, or endpoint logs.",{"data":83438,"content":83439,"nodeType":883},{},[83440],{"data":83441,"marks":83442,"value":83443,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can use this browser telemetry to:",{"data":83445,"content":83446,"nodeType":1526},{},[83447,83462,83477],{"data":83448,"content":83449,"nodeType":1505},{},[83450],{"data":83451,"content":83452,"nodeType":883},{},[83453,83458],{"data":83454,"marks":83455,"value":83457,"nodeType":867},{},[83456],{"type":910},"Harden identities and reduce account compromise",{"data":83459,"marks":83460,"value":83461,"nodeType":867},{},[],", such as alerting you when passwords are identified in public data breaches or when employees are using an unapproved app or when an SSO app is accessed via local account.",{"data":83463,"content":83464,"nodeType":1505},{},[83465],{"data":83466,"content":83467,"nodeType":883},{},[83468,83473],{"data":83469,"marks":83470,"value":83472,"nodeType":867},{},[83471],{"type":910},"Monitor for suspicious activity or high-risk changes",{"data":83474,"marks":83475,"value":83476,"nodeType":867},{},[],", such as checking for MFA method changes, or flagging when employees reuse corporate SSO passwords or visit sites running phishing malware.",{"data":83478,"content":83479,"nodeType":1505},{},[83480],{"data":83481,"content":83482,"nodeType":883},{},[83483,83488],{"data":83484,"marks":83485,"value":83487,"nodeType":867},{},[83486],{"type":910},"Investigate indicators of compromise",{"data":83489,"marks":83490,"value":83491,"nodeType":867},{},[],", such as correlating login events with platform logs, searching for recent signups to risky apps, or identifying post-compromise lateral movement opportunities.",{"data":83493,"content":83494,"nodeType":883},{},[83495],{"data":83496,"marks":83497,"value":83498,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the “make my life easier” category, you can also use Push telemetry to:",{"data":83500,"content":83501,"nodeType":1526},{},[83502,83521,83540,83555],{"data":83503,"content":83504,"nodeType":1505},{},[83505],{"data":83506,"content":83507,"nodeType":883},{},[83508,83512,83517],{"data":83509,"marks":83510,"value":83511,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Automate a workflow ",{"data":83513,"marks":83514,"value":83516,"nodeType":867},{},[83515],{"type":910},"showing you all the accounts and apps used by an offboarded employee",{"data":83518,"marks":83519,"value":83520,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and their account login methods.",{"data":83522,"content":83523,"nodeType":1505},{},[83524],{"data":83525,"content":83526,"nodeType":883},{},[83527,83531,83536],{"data":83528,"marks":83529,"value":83530,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Automate a workflow 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In particular, the increasing prevalence of MFA has led to AitM phishing attacks becoming much more common. The threat intelligence industry naturally wants to locate and shutdown all the phishing servers – but the phishers are fighting back.",{"data":85510,"content":85511,"nodeType":883},{},[85512,85516,85524],{"data":85513,"marks":85514,"value":85515,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Before we dive into how AitM phishing kits evade detection, you should check out our earlier blog post on ‘",{"data":85517,"content":85518,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[85519],{"data":85520,"marks":85521,"value":85523,"nodeType":867},{},[85522],{"type":876},"Phishing 2.0 – how phishing toolkits are evolving with AitM",{"data":85525,"marks":85526,"value":85527,"nodeType":867},{},[],"’ if you want to get up to speed with what these toolkits are, and why attackers are using them more regularly. ",{"data":85529,"content":85530,"nodeType":883},{},[85531],{"data":85532,"marks":85533,"value":85534,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this blog post, we’re going to look at a recent instance of the NakedPages AitM phishing toolkit and some of the steps it takes to frustrate detection and analysis. 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NakedPages uses a range of different techniques and so serves as a good case study as to how AitM toolkits are being designed to evade detection.",{"data":85536,"content":85540,"nodeType":892},{"target":85537},{"sys":85538},{"id":85539,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2Qcn2nNRXVkdqqxGO8lDZf",[],{"data":85542,"content":85543,"nodeType":883},{},[85544],{"data":85545,"marks":85546,"value":85547,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Before we dive in, it’s useful to keep in mind that while there is a lot of complication here, most of this happens in seconds and is transparent to the intended victim accessing from a real browser.",{"data":85549,"content":85550,"nodeType":912},{},[85551],{"data":85552,"marks":85553,"value":85554,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 1: Cloudflare Workers for the initial gateway",{"data":85556,"content":85557,"nodeType":883},{},[85558],{"data":85559,"marks":85560,"value":85561,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A key feature of the NakedPages kit is that it has several stages and redirections and, in order for it to operate as intended, the target has to arrive at the beginning. 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Examples include other criminal kits ",{"data":85639,"content":85641,"nodeType":878},{"uri":85640},"https://blog.sekoia.io/tycoon-2fa-an-in-depth-analysis-of-the-latest-version-of-the-aitm-phishing-kit/",[85642],{"data":85643,"marks":85644,"value":85646,"nodeType":867},{},[85645],{"type":876},"such as Tycoon",{"data":85648,"marks":85649,"value":85650,"nodeType":867},{},[],", as well as ",{"data":85652,"content":85654,"nodeType":878},{"uri":85653},"https://fin3ss3g0d.net/index.php/2024/04/08/evilgophishs-approach-to-advanced-bot-detection-with-cloudflare-turnstile/",[85655],{"data":85656,"marks":85657,"value":85659,"nodeType":867},{},[85658],{"type":876},"open-source phishing tools focused on red teaming",{"data":85661,"marks":85662,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":85664,"content":85665,"nodeType":912},{},[85666],{"data":85667,"marks":85668,"value":85669,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 3: Required URL parameters and custom auth headers",{"data":85671,"content":85672,"nodeType":883},{},[85673],{"data":85674,"marks":85675,"value":85676,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you get past Turnstile, then you’ll finally be redirected to a more conventionally suspicious domain. However, you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, or that request might behave differently. ",{"data":85678,"content":85679,"nodeType":883},{},[85680],{"data":85681,"marks":85682,"value":85683,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Suspicious domains can be found and interrogated through other means, such as observing new domain registrations or certificate transparency logs. In this case, the phishers add other steps involving required URL parameters and custom headers. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":85685,"content":85686,"nodeType":883},{},[85687],{"data":85688,"marks":85689,"value":85690,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The following code snippet shows how this operates. Bonus points for spotting how they actually forgot to implement their own RSA encryption function and instead send their “encrypted” user agents in clear text:",{"data":85692,"content":85696,"nodeType":892},{"target":85693},{"sys":85694},{"id":85695,"type":889,"linkType":890},"45aif31bot9phquQPkz20p",[],{"data":85698,"content":85699,"nodeType":912},{},[85700],{"data":85701,"marks":85702,"value":85703,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 4: Requiring JavaScript execution",{"data":85705,"content":85706,"nodeType":883},{},[85707],{"data":85708,"marks":85709,"value":85710,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another aspect of the previous step is that it requires JavaScript to execute. That means defensive techniques that simply make HTTP(S) requests and scrape content will not automatically be able to follow the link without allowing JavaScript execution. This forces the use of dynamic sandbox techniques that actually load a DOM, as it’s almost impossible for static analysis to generically solve this problem.",{"data":85712,"content":85713,"nodeType":912},{},[85714],{"data":85715,"marks":85716,"value":85717,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 5: Redirecting to legitimate domains",{"data":85719,"content":85720,"nodeType":883},{},[85721,85725,85733,85737,85746],{"data":85722,"marks":85723,"value":85724,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers will also redirect to legitimate domains to mask their activity. Let’s say a defender has visited the attacker’s malicious domain without executing JavaScript or supplying the correct URL parameters. The attacker doesn’t want to activate their malicious phishing behavior at this point, so they need to do something benign instead. In this case, they simply redirect to ",{"data":85726,"content":85728,"nodeType":878},{"uri":85727},"https://example.com",[85729],{"data":85730,"marks":85731,"value":85727,"nodeType":867},{},[85732],{"type":876},{"data":85734,"marks":85735,"value":85736,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Interestingly, ",{"data":85738,"content":85740,"nodeType":878},{"uri":85739},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W-LxcbUxI4&t=643s",[85741],{"data":85742,"marks":85743,"value":85745,"nodeType":867},{},[85744],{"type":876},"EvilProxy has also been seen redirecting to example.com too",{"data":85747,"marks":85748,"value":30960,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":85750,"content":85754,"nodeType":892},{"target":85751},{"sys":85752},{"id":85753,"type":889,"linkType":890},"450Y7W1uXVkKSps5y0xhBe",[],{"data":85756,"content":85757,"nodeType":912},{},[85758],{"data":85759,"marks":85760,"value":85761,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 6: HTTP referer header masking",{"data":85763,"content":85764,"nodeType":883},{},[85765],{"data":85766,"marks":85767,"value":85768,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Maintainers of legitimate websites often look at the HTTP referer header to see where they are being linked from. This is often a critical task for businesses, particularly for things like marketing. However, what if employees spot strange redirects coming in from suspicious looking domains like the ones used by this phishing kit? Perhaps they might investigate those domains and/or tip off relevant security vendors and organizations. ",{"data":85770,"content":85771,"nodeType":883},{},[85772,85776,85784,85788,85796],{"data":85773,"marks":85774,"value":85775,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unless, of course, you were to use a service to mask the HTTP referrer – which is exactly what the phishing kit does in this case. NakedPages makes use of ",{"data":85777,"content":85779,"nodeType":878},{"uri":85778},"https://href.li/",[85780],{"data":85781,"marks":85782,"value":85778,"nodeType":867},{},[85783],{"type":876},{"data":85785,"marks":85786,"value":85787,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as a service to strip the referral to ensure the redirection is performed anonymously. Rather conveniently, it seems the default example that ",{"data":85789,"content":85791,"nodeType":878},{"uri":85790},"https://href.li",[85792],{"data":85793,"marks":85794,"value":85790,"nodeType":867},{},[85795],{"type":876},{"data":85797,"marks":85798,"value":85799,"nodeType":867},{},[]," uses is… example.com:",{"data":85801,"content":85805,"nodeType":892},{"target":85802},{"sys":85803},{"id":85804,"type":889,"linkType":890},"78xFQwTG1r0YWGJ24iEdYP",[],{"data":85807,"content":85808,"nodeType":912},{},[85809],{"data":85810,"marks":85811,"value":85812,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 7: Loading balanced domains",{"data":85814,"content":85815,"nodeType":883},{},[85816],{"data":85817,"marks":85818,"value":85819,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You’re probably thinking: Step 7? Surely, if a victim’s browser has finally made it this far then the attackers would just serve up the malicious phishing content at this point, right? Well, we aren’t quite done yet. These initial gateway servers are one of the most important components to keep undetected, as existing phishing campaigns and (as yet unread) emails will be leading to them.",{"data":85821,"content":85822,"nodeType":883},{},[85823],{"data":85824,"marks":85825,"value":85826,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once we get to the more obviously malicious phishing activity, there is a higher chance of detection and user reports. In this case the phishing kit actually retrieves a new URL to redirect to, along with a suitable JWT authentication parameter. The benefit of this is that when URLs/hostnames get flagged as malicious, blocked or otherwise taken down, the phishing kit can just redirect to other hostnames, and the attacker’s can keep updating with new URLs over time. ",{"data":85828,"content":85829,"nodeType":883},{},[85830],{"data":85831,"marks":85832,"value":85833,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Below we can see an example of the response containing a URL, with a JWT auth parameter:",{"data":85835,"content":85839,"nodeType":892},{"target":85836},{"sys":85837},{"id":85838,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4NpH7V5oEdTASNNJsqCJ47",[],{"data":85841,"content":85845,"nodeType":892},{"target":85842},{"sys":85843},{"id":85844,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7oqkrhNXtyOlJMEz0BZyLo",[],{"data":85847,"content":85848,"nodeType":883},{},[85849],{"data":85850,"marks":85851,"value":85852,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Automating this request in this example brings back around 20 different primary domains used for the final phishing attack. These domains are rotated over time as some are blocked and new ones are created.",{"data":85854,"content":85855,"nodeType":912},{},[85856],{"data":85857,"marks":85858,"value":85859,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 8: Breaking login page signatures",{"data":85861,"content":85862,"nodeType":883},{},[85863],{"data":85864,"marks":85865,"value":85866,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If all the previous checks have passed then a victim user is finally presented with a phishing page. The attacker has most closely emulated the sign-on page for live.com for Outlook in this case, though it also has some aspects from a business Microsoft login too, as we can see in the examples below:",{"data":85868,"content":85872,"nodeType":892},{"target":85869},{"sys":85870},{"id":85871,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2Ez0fgAlmkrisdQGWfL6CV",[],{"data":85874,"content":85875,"nodeType":883},{},[85876],{"data":85877,"marks":85878,"value":85879,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, one obvious change can be seen in the HTML title in the tab header. This normally says something like “Sign in to Outlook” or “Sign in to your account”. In this case, the phishing kit has randomized the HTML title. \n\nOne super easy way to detect websites pretending to be common login pages that have 1:1 cloned the website or are performing full reverse proxy AiTM techniques would be to search for obvious HTML content like this. Not many legitimate websites should have an HTML title of “Sign in to Outlook” other than Microsoft’s own legitimate domains for it, right?",{"data":85881,"content":85882,"nodeType":883},{},[85883],{"data":85884,"marks":85885,"value":85886,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Taking a closer look, we’ll see that the HTML, DOM and JavaScript etc. differ quite significantly from the true login pages, even if the visual appearance is very similar. One reason for this is to make it harder for defenders to simply signature on specific aspects of commonly spoofed login pages.",{"data":85888,"content":85889,"nodeType":912},{},[85890],{"data":85891,"marks":85892,"value":85893,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 9: B2B targeting",{"data":85895,"content":85896,"nodeType":883},{},[85897],{"data":85898,"marks":85899,"value":85900,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The final interesting aspect of this particular example is that it modifies its behavior during the login process depending on whether a personal Microsoft account or an organization account is used.",{"data":85902,"content":85903,"nodeType":883},{},[85904,85908,85916],{"data":85905,"marks":85906,"value":85907,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When entering an email address associated with a personal Microsoft account, or picking ‘personal account’ when prompted after entering an email address that is used for both purposes, the server will return a 302 redirect and send the user to ",{"data":85909,"content":85911,"nodeType":878},{"uri":85910},"https://login.live.com/",[85912],{"data":85913,"marks":85914,"value":85910,"nodeType":867},{},[85915],{"type":876},{"data":85917,"marks":85918,"value":85919,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where they can then re-enter their credentials and login to Microsoft legitimately if they continue. This reduces the potential for detection further as no AitM phishing login will actually occur.",{"data":85921,"content":85922,"nodeType":883},{},[85923,85927,85932],{"data":85924,"marks":85925,"value":85926,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the other hand, when using an organization account the phishing process continues as expected. ",{"data":85928,"marks":85929,"value":85931,"nodeType":867},{},[85930],{"type":910},"This phishing campaign is exclusively targeting corp accounts",{"data":85933,"marks":85934,"value":85935,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and you could almost say it has a B2B (or is that A2B?) rather than B2C business model.  ",{"data":85937,"content":85938,"nodeType":912},{},[85939],{"data":85940,"marks":85941,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":85943,"content":85944,"nodeType":883},{},[85945],{"data":85946,"marks":85947,"value":85948,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As you may have guessed from the extremely suspicious domains in use and examples of sloppy coding (like forgetting to implement an encryption function) the NakedPages kit is far from sophisticated. Despite this, the tricks that attackers are using to make detection and analysis more difficult seem to be quite effective when used in a layered model. ",{"data":85950,"content":85951,"nodeType":883},{},[85952],{"data":85953,"marks":85954,"value":85955,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, at the time of writing this particular Worker had been up for at least two days and was currently only triggering 1 detection on VirusTotal. ",{"data":85957,"content":85961,"nodeType":892},{"target":85958},{"sys":85959},{"id":85960,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1mIOpDtmgcMasK6dEhRHsm",[],{"data":85963,"content":85964,"nodeType":883},{},[85965],{"data":85966,"marks":85967,"value":85968,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One key takeaway is that it’s near impossible to stay on top of all the phishing servers on the internet. Even the untargeted mass campaigns will initially be missed by TI feeds, let alone the targeted ones. ",{"data":85970,"content":85971,"nodeType":883},{},[85972,85976,85984],{"data":85973,"marks":85974,"value":85975,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The best foot forward for resilience against these attacks is through the use of domain-bound MFA methods like WebAuthn. Common MFA methods like OTPs, SMS, push notifications etc. are routinely bypassed using ",{"data":85977,"content":85978,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[85979],{"data":85980,"marks":85981,"value":85983,"nodeType":867},{},[85982],{"type":876},"AitM techniques that proxy the MFA authentication as well",{"data":85985,"marks":85986,"value":85987,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Even if you are one of the few who use phishing-resistant MFA methods like WebAuthn or other passkeys, the devil is in the detail and we’ve seen MFA downgrade attacks being used to bypass them by choosing a phishable method that’s also active.",{"data":85989,"content":85993,"nodeType":892},{"target":85990},{"sys":85991},{"id":85992,"type":889,"linkType":890},"17lSgRFD6fDzRUn9eOHJg6",[],{"data":85995,"content":85996,"nodeType":912},{},[85997],{"data":85998,"marks":85999,"value":86000,"nodeType":867},{},[],"P.S. How did we detect this?",{"data":86002,"content":86003,"nodeType":883},{},[86004,86008,86013,86017,86025],{"data":86005,"marks":86006,"value":86007,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After all that, you might be wondering how we managed to automate a process to generically pass through all these detection evasion techniques – ",{"data":86009,"marks":86010,"value":86012,"nodeType":867},{},[86011],{"type":910},"well the short answer is: We didn’t.",{"data":86014,"marks":86015,"value":86016,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Instead, we detected the act of an employee ",{"data":86018,"content":86019,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20141},[86020],{"data":86021,"marks":86022,"value":86024,"nodeType":867},{},[86023],{"type":876},"attempting to put their Microsoft password into a website that wasn’t Microsoft",{"data":86026,"marks":86027,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86029,"content":86030,"nodeType":883},{},[86031],{"data":86032,"marks":86033,"value":86034,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The TTP for phishing is effectively “trick someone into putting their valid credentials into the wrong site” – so detecting that behavior directly (the action of entering a legit password into the wrong site) can be a lot simpler and more effective than playing the cat-and-mouse detection → detection-evasion game.",{"data":86036,"content":86037,"nodeType":883},{},[86038],{"data":86039,"marks":86040,"value":86041,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Having said that, if you’re interested, here are the domain IOCs for this campaign:",{"data":86043,"content":86044,"nodeType":883},{},[86045],{"data":86046,"marks":86047,"value":86049,"nodeType":867},{},[86048],{"type":85576},"226028cc[.]502f135e3e036e726fba22d4[.]workers[.]dev\nacevoorgukmembership[.]buzz\nalerteditorroyalsocietyorgnz[.]buzz\nandymarshallsgeniuslocidigestghostiomghostio[.]buzz\nblogresponseinsperitycom[.]buzz\ncampaigneventbritecomnoreply[.]buzz\ncharityexcellencer1technologytrustnewsorg[.]buzz\nclerkenwelldesignweekcomnoreply[.]buzz\nconfirminfothetrainlinecomauto[.]buzz\nhealthestatejournalcomnoreply[.]buzz\nmentalhealthdesignandbuildcomnoreply[.]buzz\nnoreplynotificationswhoopcom[.]buzz\nstepexhibitionscomeventsupport[.]buzz\ntheathletice1theathleticcom[.]buzz\nthekakahoonssubstackcom[.]buzz","How AitM phishing kits evade detection","Taking a closer look at the steps that AitM phishing kits take to hide from the prying eyes of security teams and threat intelligence vendors.","2024-07-23T00:00:00.000Z","how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection",{"items":86055},[86056,86058],{"sys":86057,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":86059,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":86061},[86062],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":86063},{"url":855},{"__typename":1670,"sys":86065,"content":86067,"title":86846,"synopsis":86847,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":86848,"slug":86849,"tagsCollection":86850,"authorsCollection":86856},{"id":86066},"6VZQJzQ2FNetGNMEjiuXB2",{"json":86068},{"data":86069,"content":86070,"nodeType":1569},{},[86071,86078,86085,86092,86099,86106,86113,86119,86136,86143,86186,86193,86200,86240,86260,86267,86274,86281,86301,86319,86326,86359,86366,86386,86393,86400,86430,86450,86457,86462,86469,86476,86483,86490,86497,86504,86511,86518,86525,86532,86539,86546,86562,86569,86638,86645,86652,86681,86696,86703,86710,86717,86750,86770,86777,86784,86791,86798,86817,86834,86840],{"data":86072,"content":86073,"nodeType":883},{},[86074],{"data":86075,"marks":86076,"value":86077,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Our goal at Push is simple — to stop identity attacks. Today, the vast majority of identity vulnerabilities exist in the context of SaaS apps. ",{"data":86079,"content":86080,"nodeType":883},{},[86081],{"data":86082,"marks":86083,"value":86084,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The reasons for this are clear: Security teams have reduced central oversight and control over SaaS apps than they are used to, these apps exist in large numbers per company, and the identities that are used to access these apps are... complicated, to say the least. Securing hundreds of apps, with thousands of associated identities, is therefore no mean feat. ",{"data":86086,"content":86087,"nodeType":883},{},[86088],{"data":86089,"marks":86090,"value":86091,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Securing SaaS use means building controls that are easy to use, easy to understand — and ultimately effective. Not just effective against the hand-wavy concept of “SaaS attacks,” but specific techniques — the most common techniques that are likely to cause real damage.",{"data":86093,"content":86094,"nodeType":883},{},[86095],{"data":86096,"marks":86097,"value":86098,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To talk about this, we need to have a shared understanding of what these techniques are. To get that conversation going, we’ve pulled together all the techniques we're aware of, and our research team has even added a bunch of new ones.",{"data":86100,"content":86101,"nodeType":912},{},[86102],{"data":86103,"marks":86104,"value":86105,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The SaaS attack matrix",{"data":86107,"content":86108,"nodeType":883},{},[86109],{"data":86110,"marks":86111,"value":86112,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve taken inspiration from the MITRE ATT&CK framework (certainly intended as the sincerest form of flattery), but wanted to make a conscious break away from the endpoint-focused ATT&CK techniques and instead focus on techniques that are SaaS-specific. In fact, these techniques don’t touch endpoints (so they bypass EDR) or customer networks (so they bypass network detection) — so we’re calling them networkless attacks.",{"data":86114,"content":86118,"nodeType":892},{"target":86115},{"sys":86116},{"id":86117,"type":889,"linkType":890},"768Zv5gTVHyu5rbzJAzL4F",[],{"data":86120,"content":86121,"nodeType":883},{},[86122,86126,86133],{"data":86123,"marks":86124,"value":86125,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can find more detailed descriptions of these techniques (and hopefully PRs for some we missed) on ",{"data":86127,"content":86128,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[86129],{"data":86130,"marks":86131,"value":2355,"nodeType":867},{},[86132],{"type":876},{"data":86134,"marks":86135,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86137,"content":86138,"nodeType":883},{},[86139],{"data":86140,"marks":86141,"value":86142,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since we’re not targeting endpoints, let’s talk about the new targets: The accounts/identities on SaaS apps. We found it was useful to think about these identities not as standalone isolated islands — but much more like a graph; less a single web-server on the internet and more like many Windows endpoints on an Active Directory. ",{"data":86144,"content":86145,"nodeType":883},{},[86146,86150,86158,86161,86170,86174,86182],{"data":86147,"marks":86148,"value":86149,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can leverage this access to an identity on a trusted platform to target (so laterally move or escalate privilege to) other users or identities. For example, attacks like using access to SaaS apps to ",{"data":86151,"content":86152,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54359},[86153],{"data":86154,"marks":86155,"value":86157,"nodeType":867},{},[86156],{"type":876},"phish other employees through comments",{"data":86159,"marks":86160,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86162,"content":86164,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86163},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_user_spoofing/description.md",[86165],{"data":86166,"marks":86167,"value":86169,"nodeType":867},{},[86168],{"type":876},"spoofing users on IM platforms",{"data":86171,"marks":86172,"value":86173,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to social engineer them there — or perhaps ",{"data":86175,"content":86176,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80858},[86177],{"data":86178,"marks":86179,"value":86181,"nodeType":867},{},[86180],{"type":876},"backdooring links",{"data":86183,"marks":86184,"value":86185,"nodeType":867},{},[]," in documents.",{"data":86187,"content":86188,"nodeType":883},{},[86189],{"data":86190,"marks":86191,"value":86192,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, unusually, it’s not the data in these hundreds of SaaS apps that create risk, and you need to consider low-risk (from a data perspective) apps as a vector to pivot to higher-risk apps in your estate.",{"data":86194,"content":86195,"nodeType":921},{},[86196],{"data":86197,"marks":86198,"value":86199,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Initial access and poisoned tenants",{"data":86201,"content":86202,"nodeType":883},{},[86203,86207,86214,86217,86224,86228,86236],{"data":86204,"marks":86205,"value":86206,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks like ",{"data":86208,"content":86209,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80232},[86210],{"data":86211,"marks":86212,"value":77012,"nodeType":867},{},[86213],{"type":876},{"data":86215,"marks":86216,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86218,"content":86219,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80243},[86220],{"data":86221,"marks":86222,"value":80248,"nodeType":867},{},[86223],{"type":876},{"data":86225,"marks":86226,"value":86227,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that get you initial access to SaaS apps are fairly well known — because they work and are widely used. We’re also starting to see tools and attacks that suggest that ",{"data":86229,"content":86230,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80906},[86231],{"data":86232,"marks":86233,"value":86235,"nodeType":867},{},[86234],{"type":876},"phishing employees through these IM apps",{"data":86237,"marks":86238,"value":86239,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is about to go mainstream.",{"data":86241,"content":86242,"nodeType":883},{},[86243,86247,86256],{"data":86244,"marks":86245,"value":86246,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another interesting attack is a spin on the classic waterhole attack called a ",{"data":86248,"content":86250,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86249},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/poisoned_tenants/description.md",[86251],{"data":86252,"marks":86253,"value":86255,"nodeType":867},{},[86254],{"type":876},"poisoned tenant",{"data":86257,"marks":86258,"value":86259,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Rather than attacking a customer tenant for a SaaS app, the attacker lures employees into joining an attacker-controlled tenant. ",{"data":86261,"content":86262,"nodeType":883},{},[86263],{"data":86264,"marks":86265,"value":86266,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS apps allow anyone to name app tenants (a.k.a. spaces, teams, or instances) anything they like — including your company name. Attackers send invites to your employees from within the app with a customized message explaining why they should join this new tenant (or sign up to the app if they are not already a user). ",{"data":86268,"content":86269,"nodeType":883},{},[86270],{"data":86271,"marks":86272,"value":86273,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers might even pay for premium licenses in the app to further entice employees to join. The attacker then waits for the employee to upload sensitive data or create integrations with other company apps containing crown jewels.",{"data":86275,"content":86276,"nodeType":921},{},[86277],{"data":86278,"marks":86279,"value":86280,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Living-off-the-(SaaS)-land to persist and avoid detection",{"data":86282,"content":86283,"nodeType":883},{},[86284,86288,86297],{"data":86285,"marks":86286,"value":86287,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the endpoint world, a favorite technique is the use of legit OS utilities or ",{"data":86289,"content":86291,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86290},"https://lolbas-project.github.io",[86292],{"data":86293,"marks":86294,"value":86296,"nodeType":867},{},[86295],{"type":876},"LOLBaS",{"data":86298,"marks":86299,"value":86300,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (Living-Off-the-Land Binaries and Scripts), which are often signed Microsoft utilities. Perhaps the most well-known example is executing scripts through PowerShell rather than building custom malware. That isn’t as useful these days, but there was a time when PowerShell was routinely used to bypass AV, EDR, and even app allow-listing.",{"data":86302,"content":86303,"nodeType":883},{},[86304,86308,86315],{"data":86305,"marks":86306,"value":86307,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In that same living-off-the-land mindset, an attacker trying to maintain access to each SaaS app they compromise using custom OAuth integration apps might instead choose to use legit SaaS apps that specialize in workflow automation to create ",{"data":86309,"content":86310,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66399},[86311],{"data":86312,"marks":86313,"value":66405,"nodeType":867},{},[86314],{"type":876},{"data":86316,"marks":86317,"value":86318,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Utilizing legit SaaS apps also means they can hide in plain sight from incident responders, instead of having to rely on unverified or unpublished integrations.",{"data":86320,"content":86321,"nodeType":883},{},[86322],{"data":86323,"marks":86324,"value":86325,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Perhaps the best example here is using a well-known automation app like Zapier, which claims to have more than 5,000 integrations. These integrations are often verified, approved, and connected to a trusted vendor (Zapier). An attacker might create workflows to:",{"data":86327,"content":86328,"nodeType":1526},{},[86329,86339,86349],{"data":86330,"content":86331,"nodeType":1505},{},[86332],{"data":86333,"content":86334,"nodeType":883},{},[86335],{"data":86336,"marks":86337,"value":86338,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Do daily data exfiltration from a victim’s data lake.",{"data":86340,"content":86341,"nodeType":1505},{},[86342],{"data":86343,"content":86344,"nodeType":883},{},[86345],{"data":86346,"marks":86347,"value":86348,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Configure a webhook that adds malicious accounts to a Github repo on demand.",{"data":86350,"content":86351,"nodeType":1505},{},[86352],{"data":86353,"content":86354,"nodeType":883},{},[86355],{"data":86356,"marks":86357,"value":86358,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Automatically find and replace bank account numbers in emails to the finance team.",{"data":86360,"content":86361,"nodeType":883},{},[86362],{"data":86363,"marks":86364,"value":86365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All appear as legitimate Zapier integrations. But, before you put in alerts specifically for Zapier, know that it’s one of dozens of apps that support these kinds of offensive workflows.",{"data":86367,"content":86368,"nodeType":883},{},[86369,86373,86382],{"data":86370,"marks":86371,"value":86372,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A sneaky attacker might go further and use an ",{"data":86374,"content":86376,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86375},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/evil_twin_integrations/description.md",[86377],{"data":86378,"marks":86379,"value":86381,"nodeType":867},{},[86380],{"type":876},"evil twin integration",{"data":86383,"marks":86384,"value":86385,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to make another instance of an existing integration — making this backdoor almost impossible to discover.",{"data":86387,"content":86388,"nodeType":921},{},[86389],{"data":86390,"marks":86391,"value":86392,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Features or vulnerabilities?",{"data":86394,"content":86395,"nodeType":883},{},[86396],{"data":86397,"marks":86398,"value":86399,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When looking for attack techniques, you’re typically going after features that have weaknesses you can abuse rather than bugs in a single app that will be patched. ",{"data":86401,"content":86402,"nodeType":883},{},[86403,86407,86416,86419,86426],{"data":86404,"marks":86405,"value":86406,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s pretty common for SaaS apps to skip email verification or allow multiple simultaneous authentication methods. Both of these are conscious design choices in the name of lowering the friction of account creation and reducing customer support. However, these features make techniques like ",{"data":86408,"content":86410,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86409},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/account_ambushing/description.md",[86411],{"data":86412,"marks":86413,"value":86415,"nodeType":867},{},[86414],{"type":876},"account ambushing",{"data":86417,"marks":86418,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86420,"content":86421,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[86422],{"data":86423,"marks":86424,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[86425],{"type":876},{"data":86427,"marks":86428,"value":86429,"nodeType":867},{},[]," possible. If these attacks become widespread, these might come to be seen more as bugs rather than a positive feature for users.",{"data":86431,"content":86432,"nodeType":883},{},[86433,86437,86446],{"data":86434,"marks":86435,"value":86436,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In other cases, the bugs are serious enough and hard enough to patch that they’re worth noting as a technique. The recently disclosed (and perfectly named) ",{"data":86438,"content":86440,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86439},"https://www.descope.com/blog/post/noauth",[86441],{"data":86442,"marks":86443,"value":86445,"nodeType":867},{},[86444],{"type":876},"nOAuth",{"data":86447,"marks":86448,"value":86449,"nodeType":867},{},[]," bug fits this bill. ",{"data":86451,"content":86452,"nodeType":883},{},[86453],{"data":86454,"marks":86455,"value":86456,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The bug arises from a confusion between an email identity and email metadata field in Microsoft integrations and without a central fix from MS (the fix isn’t trivial), these bugs are likely to be discovered and re-occur on third-party OAuth apps for a while to come.",{"data":86458,"content":86461,"nodeType":892},{"target":86459},{"sys":86460},{"id":83090,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":86463,"content":86464,"nodeType":912},{},[86465],{"data":86466,"marks":86467,"value":86468,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The SaaS market is driving these offensive techniques",{"data":86470,"content":86471,"nodeType":883},{},[86472],{"data":86473,"marks":86474,"value":86475,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS apps are basically web apps that are run in the cloud and accessed from endpoints, so then WebApp, endpoint, and cloud security should cover all of SaaS, right? ",{"data":86477,"content":86478,"nodeType":883},{},[86479],{"data":86480,"marks":86481,"value":86482,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That was our assumption when we started, but what we found instead was that SaaS marketing practices are driving a lot of pretty interesting techniques that you don’t run into in standalone web apps.",{"data":86484,"content":86485,"nodeType":921},{},[86486],{"data":86487,"marks":86488,"value":86489,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern SaaS is easy to adopt, easy to use, low friction, low cost, low overhead",{"data":86491,"content":86492,"nodeType":883},{},[86493],{"data":86494,"marks":86495,"value":86496,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Making apps easy to sign up for and low effort to support means you need to make some interesting choices when it comes to designing account creation and recovery flows. ",{"data":86498,"content":86499,"nodeType":883},{},[86500],{"data":86501,"marks":86502,"value":86503,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many apps allow users to sign into apps using multiple methods, easily invite collaborators (internal and external) and avoid any additional friction during the signup process. ",{"data":86505,"content":86506,"nodeType":883},{},[86507],{"data":86508,"marks":86509,"value":86510,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, many apps avoid verifying new account email addresses. This is not laziness, these are conscious design choices — not driven by security clearly, but not accidents.",{"data":86512,"content":86513,"nodeType":921},{},[86514],{"data":86515,"marks":86516,"value":86517,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern SaaS is highly integrated",{"data":86519,"content":86520,"nodeType":883},{},[86521],{"data":86522,"marks":86523,"value":86524,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most SaaS apps are trying to build app marketplaces or perform well in other apps' marketplaces (often both), and it’s rare these days to find apps that don’t integrate with other apps. ",{"data":86526,"content":86527,"nodeType":883},{},[86528],{"data":86529,"marks":86530,"value":86531,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OAuth has become the de facto standard protocol for doing this, and most users have become quite used to approving OAuth2.0 consent flows. These integrations have opened up lots of incredibly useful doors for attackers to persist access and move laterally across SaaS apps that few incident response teams have run into yet. These tokens don’t expire when you reset passwords, aren’t protected by MFA, and actions they performed are rarely logged. ",{"data":86533,"content":86534,"nodeType":883},{},[86535],{"data":86536,"marks":86537,"value":86538,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These are not bugs or oversights but rather a consequence of how these APIs are intended to be used (by machines, not human adversaries).",{"data":86540,"content":86541,"nodeType":912},{},[86542],{"data":86543,"marks":86544,"value":86545,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Problems with observing SaaS attacks ",{"data":86547,"content":86548,"nodeType":883},{},[86549,86553,86558],{"data":86550,"marks":86551,"value":86552,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This research begs one question above others: ",{"data":86554,"marks":86555,"value":86557,"nodeType":867},{},[86556],{"type":2278},"“Are we seeing these attacks in the wild?",{"data":86559,"marks":86560,"value":86561,"nodeType":867},{},[],"” ",{"data":86563,"content":86564,"nodeType":921},{},[86565],{"data":86566,"marks":86567,"value":86568,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Yes, definitely",{"data":86570,"content":86571,"nodeType":883},{},[86572,86576,86585,86588,86597,86601,86610,86613,86621,86625,86634],{"data":86573,"marks":86574,"value":86575,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For some of the better-known techniques, like credential stuffing and email phishing, the answer is an easy yes. Stats from ",{"data":86577,"content":86579,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86578},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/05/04/how-microsoft-can-help-you-go-passwordless-this-world-password-day/",[86580],{"data":86581,"marks":86582,"value":86584,"nodeType":867},{},[86583],{"type":876},"Microsoft (1,287 password attacks every second)",{"data":86586,"marks":86587,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86589,"content":86591,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86590},"https://auth0.com/blog/top-insights-from-our-2022-state-of-secure-identity-report/",[86592],{"data":86593,"marks":86594,"value":86596,"nodeType":867},{},[86595],{"type":876},"Auth0 (a third of their traffic is credential stuffing)",{"data":86598,"marks":86599,"value":86600,"nodeType":867},{},[]," speaks volumes. Other sources like the ",{"data":86602,"content":86604,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86603},"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022",[86605],{"data":86606,"marks":86607,"value":86609,"nodeType":867},{},[86608],{"type":876},"NCSC's Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2022",{"data":86611,"marks":86612,"value":37139,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86614,"content":86615,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7665},[86616],{"data":86617,"marks":86618,"value":86620,"nodeType":867},{},[86619],{"type":876},"Verizon 2023 Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":86622,"marks":86623,"value":86624,"nodeType":867},{},[]," suggest that phishing is also a major cause of SaaS breaches. Anecdotal reports from colleagues in the Incident Response field suggest that malicious mail forwarding rules are seen a lot, something which is supported by the ",{"data":86626,"content":86628,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86627},"https://expel.com/expel-quarterly-threat-report/",[86629],{"data":86630,"marks":86631,"value":86633,"nodeType":867},{},[86632],{"type":876},"Expel Quarterly Threat Report for Q1 2023",{"data":86635,"marks":86636,"value":86637,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (see page 6).",{"data":86639,"content":86640,"nodeType":883},{},[86641],{"data":86642,"marks":86643,"value":86644,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The takeaway is that the current focus for defenders should be to ensure users have good phishing-resistant account security in place — make sure you have basics like strong unique passwords and MFA in place across your entire SaaS estate.",{"data":86646,"content":86647,"nodeType":921},{},[86648],{"data":86649,"marks":86650,"value":86651,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For newer OAuth attacks, it’s a lot less clear …",{"data":86653,"content":86654,"nodeType":883},{},[86655,86659,86664,86668,86677],{"data":86656,"marks":86657,"value":86658,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Other techniques like consent phishing have been discussed in some breach disclosures like the ",{"data":86660,"marks":86661,"value":86663,"nodeType":867},{},[86662],{"type":876},"2020 SANS breach",{"data":86665,"marks":86666,"value":86667,"nodeType":867},{},[],". These OAuth techniques also pop up in the news (for example, the ",{"data":86669,"content":86671,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86670},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/github-how-stolen-oauth-tokens-helped-breach-dozens-of-orgs/",[86672],{"data":86673,"marks":86674,"value":86676,"nodeType":867},{},[86675],{"type":876},"2022 Github/Heroku/Travis-CI breach",{"data":86678,"marks":86679,"value":86680,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where GitHub accounts were breached using stolen Heroku and Travis-CI OAuth tokens). ",{"data":86682,"content":86683,"nodeType":883},{},[86684,86688,86693],{"data":86685,"marks":86686,"value":86687,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That said, none of these techniques come up as frequently as their usefulness would suggest. This means one of two things: ",{"data":86689,"marks":86690,"value":86692,"nodeType":867},{},[86691],{"type":2278},"Either attackers aren’t yet using them widely, or they are and we aren’t detecting them",{"data":86694,"marks":86695,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86697,"content":86698,"nodeType":883},{},[86699],{"data":86700,"marks":86701,"value":86702,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is certainly a case to be made that attackers simply don’t need these newer techniques yet. Many organizations don’t have a way of discovering SaaS use in their organization yet, never mind breached accounts, so new persistence techniques might be a bit more than necessary at the moment.",{"data":86704,"content":86705,"nodeType":921},{},[86706],{"data":86707,"marks":86708,"value":86709,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But would we know if it was happening?",{"data":86711,"content":86712,"nodeType":883},{},[86713],{"data":86714,"marks":86715,"value":86716,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the other hand, there is certainly the possibility that these attacks are increasingly used, but are simply not being discovered. A strong argument in favor of this view is the difficulty in investigating these attacks. Very few SaaS apps provide enough logging capability to discover these attacks as a customer. This is true even for the biggest, most mature apps like Office 365 and Google Workspace unless you are on top license tiers. This is doubly true for attacks that use OAuth, with many apps providing no insight or details into actions made using OAuth-authenticated APIs. ",{"data":86718,"content":86719,"nodeType":883},{},[86720,86724,86733,86737,86746],{"data":86721,"marks":86722,"value":86723,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This suggests only the SaaS providers for these apps are really in a position to discover and investigate them. This does ring true when you consider that ",{"data":86725,"content":86727,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86726},"https://blog.heroku.com/april-2022-incident-review",[86728],{"data":86729,"marks":86730,"value":86732,"nodeType":867},{},[86731],{"type":876},"Heroku",{"data":86734,"marks":86735,"value":86736,"nodeType":867},{},[]," relied heavily on Github during the investigation (and in one case even the detection of) their 2022 breaches, and the same seems true for a similar breach affecting ",{"data":86738,"content":86740,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86739},"https://circleci.com/blog/jan-4-2023-incident-report/",[86741],{"data":86742,"marks":86743,"value":86745,"nodeType":867},{},[86744],{"type":876},"CircleCI",{"data":86747,"marks":86748,"value":86749,"nodeType":867},{},[]," later that year. Github and CircleCI’s customers prompted the investigation after seeing strange behavior, but Github had access to the logs to investigate. It’s difficult to imagine that most or even many SaaS vendors have the resources or inclination to run these investigations effectively as GitHub appears to have.",{"data":86751,"content":86752,"nodeType":883},{},[86753,86757,86767],{"data":86754,"marks":86755,"value":86756,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, are these attacks happening in the real world? My best guess is it’s a little bit of column A and a little bit of column B — there are likely not so many of these attacks happening yet, and when they do, I suspect the vast majority go undetected. ",{"data":86758,"content":86760,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86759},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j95kNwZw8YY",[86761],{"data":86762,"marks":86763,"value":86766,"nodeType":867},{},[86764,86765],{"type":876},{"type":2278},"But that’s just like my opinion, man.",{"data":86768,"marks":86769,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86771,"content":86772,"nodeType":883},{},[86773],{"data":86774,"marks":86775,"value":86776,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is part of the reason we think enabling red teamers to try these techniques in anger is useful — this is the time-proven way to understand these risks.",{"data":86778,"content":86779,"nodeType":912},{},[86780],{"data":86781,"marks":86782,"value":86783,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What’s next?",{"data":86785,"content":86786,"nodeType":883},{},[86787],{"data":86788,"marks":86789,"value":86790,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve barely scratched the surface, but perhaps there is enough here to get the discussion going. From past experience, discussion may not be enough, and it’s likely that live offensive work like penetration tests or more likely red team exercises will be required to make the risks of using these techniques real for the wider security community. ",{"data":86792,"content":86793,"nodeType":883},{},[86794],{"data":86795,"marks":86796,"value":86797,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After all, seeing is believing. We think some more practical examples and tools to help red  teamers use these techniques on engagements will help drive awareness forward, so we’ll be looking to build out this content.",{"data":86799,"content":86800,"nodeType":883},{},[86801,86805,86814],{"data":86802,"marks":86803,"value":86804,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve started with pure networkless attacks that don’t touch customer networks or endpoints, but there are many useful techniques to connect the old endpoint world to the SaaS world. Consider stealing OAuth tokens from a thick client on an endpoint, or using a ",{"data":86806,"content":86808,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86807},"https://github.blog/2023-07-18-security-alert-social-engineering-campaign-targets-technology-industry-employees/",[86809],{"data":86810,"marks":86811,"value":86813,"nodeType":867},{},[86812],{"type":876},"backdoored GitHub repo to get code execution on endpoints",{"data":86815,"marks":86816,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86818,"content":86819,"nodeType":883},{},[86820,86824,86831],{"data":86821,"marks":86822,"value":86823,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Help us all better understand how widespread these attacks are by sharing some war stories. We’d love some comments, discussions, or PRs on ",{"data":86825,"content":86826,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[86827],{"data":86828,"marks":86829,"value":2355,"nodeType":867},{},[86830],{"type":876},{"data":86832,"marks":86833,"value":81123,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":86835,"content":86839,"nodeType":892},{"target":86836},{"sys":86837},{"id":86838,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2y0INxqAi594O7rCAVKhTI",[],{"data":86841,"content":86842,"nodeType":883},{},[86843],{"data":86844,"marks":86845,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s talk about SaaS attack techniques","Offensive security drives defensive security. We're sharing a collection of SaaS attack techniques to help defenders understand the threats they face.","2023-07-27T00:00:00.000Z","saas-attack-techniques",{"items":86851},[86852,86854],{"sys":86853,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":86855,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":86857},[86858],{"fullName":39815,"firstName":39816,"jobTitle":39817,"profilePicture":86859},{"url":39819},"blog/how-to-prevent-account-takeover-with-push",{"json":86862},{"data":86863,"content":86864,"nodeType":1569},{},[86865],{"data":86866,"content":86867,"nodeType":883},{},[86868],{"data":86869,"marks":86870,"value":86871,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How Push controls stop attackers from using identity attack tools and techniques to compromise your employee user accounts. ",{"id":78391,"publishedAt":86873},"2026-08-12T11:55:02.849Z",{"items":86875},[86876,86878],{"sys":86877,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":86879,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":86881},[86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906,86908,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918],{"sys":86883,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":86885,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":86887,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":86889,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":86891,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":86893,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":86895,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":86897,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":86899,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":86901,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":86903,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":86905,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":86907,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":86909,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":86911,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":86913,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":86915,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":86917,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":86919,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},"oyWsukrdpBbJa0Ug2GJSzBytbo4S12Lc25W7EZkerKw",{"id":86922,"title":86923,"authorsCollection":86924,"content":86929,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":87334,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":87336,"metaTitle":87337,"ogImage":59,"postType":43482,"publishedDate":87338,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":87339,"slug":89087,"stem":89088,"subtitle":59,"summary":89089,"synopsis":89100,"sys":89101,"tagsCollection":89104,"topicsCollection":89110,"__hash__":89132},"blog/blog/introducing-cloned-login-page-detection.json","Adding cloned login page detection to your phishing defense arsenal",{"items":86925},[86926],{"fullName":39251,"firstName":39252,"jobTitle":14683,"socialLinks":86927,"profilePicture":86928},[56536],{"url":39254},{"json":86930,"links":87300},{"data":86931,"content":86932,"nodeType":1569},{},[86933,86939,86946,86953,86960,86967,86986,86993,87000,87007,87014,87021,87027,87034,87041,87078,87107,87113,87120,87126,87133,87139,87146,87153,87255,87262,87269,87275,87282],{"data":86934,"content":86938,"nodeType":892},{"target":86935},{"sys":86936},{"id":86937,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7F2YLK24QJ60w4vvuinNfV",[],{"data":86940,"content":86941,"nodeType":883},{},[86942],{"data":86943,"marks":86944,"value":86945,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re excited to announce the release of our cloned login page detection feature, which will be available to all customers immediately. This feature adds another layer of defense to our already-cutting edge phishing prevention capabilities, enabling security teams to protect workforce identities and shut down phishing attacks that use website cloning tools. ",{"data":86947,"content":86948,"nodeType":912},{},[86949],{"data":86950,"marks":86951,"value":86952,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s more important than ever to stop phishing attacks ",{"data":86954,"content":86955,"nodeType":883},{},[86956],{"data":86957,"marks":86958,"value":86959,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing is the oldest trick in the cybercrime playbook, but attackers continue to devise new ways to circumvent defenses and execute successful phishing campaigns. Old-school phishing prevention solutions have tried to solve the problem by protecting the email inbox, a common (but not the only) attack vector, and blocking lists of known-bad domains. But these methods are not as effective today as they were a decade ago. ",{"data":86961,"content":86962,"nodeType":883},{},[86963],{"data":86964,"marks":86965,"value":86966,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are a few reasons for this. When anti-phishing products were first rolled out, detecting and responding to identity attacks – phishing, credential stuffing, etc. – used to be just one possible method of initial access in quite a lengthy Kill Chain that stretched from the compromise of the user device, pivoting to internal network resources, escalating privileges, moving laterally, and finally achieving their objectives. The more actions an attacker has to perform, the more opportunities for detection, and the higher the likelihood that they’ll be caught in the act before any real, lasting damage can be caused. ",{"data":86968,"content":86969,"nodeType":883},{},[86970,86974,86982],{"data":86971,"marks":86972,"value":86973,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But today, attackers have a lot of opportunities to cause significant damage for much less effort than before through identity attacks. For example, ",{"data":86975,"content":86976,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2230},[86977],{"data":86978,"marks":86979,"value":86981,"nodeType":867},{},[86980],{"type":876},"if the goal is to compromise an app like Snowflake",{"data":86983,"marks":86984,"value":86985,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and dump the data from it, the Kill Chain is way shorter than a traditional network-based attack. And the initial layer of anti-account takeover controls are much more important in this context – there’s no margin for error. ",{"data":86987,"content":86988,"nodeType":912},{},[86989],{"data":86990,"marks":86991,"value":86992,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why are existing controls failing?",{"data":86994,"content":86995,"nodeType":883},{},[86996],{"data":86997,"marks":86998,"value":86999,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The fact that phishing has remained a problem for so long is evidence enough that the old ways don’t work (and honestly, they never have). ",{"data":87001,"content":87002,"nodeType":883},{},[87003],{"data":87004,"marks":87005,"value":87006,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The main limitation is that for defenders to know that a URL, IP, or domain name is bad, it needs to be reported first. When are things reported? Typically after being used in an attack – so unfortunately, someone always gets hurt, and defenders are always one step behind the attackers. ",{"data":87008,"content":87009,"nodeType":883},{},[87010],{"data":87011,"marks":87012,"value":87013,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To make it harder for defenders to pre-emptively find phishing sites, attackers use a range of methods to obfuscate their phishing sites and evade the prying eyes of security teams and threat intelligence organizations. One of the methods that attackers use to make their sites appear legitimate is to create cloned login pages, which can be easily achieved using commonly available hacking tools.",{"data":87015,"content":87016,"nodeType":883},{},[87017],{"data":87018,"marks":87019,"value":87020,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many phishing kits allow the attacker to simply copy the HTML code from a legitimate website and duplicate it on the malicious site or dynamically proxy the real site, creating a virtually identical interface that may lure users into a false sense of security when inputting their credentials.",{"data":87022,"content":87026,"nodeType":892},{"target":87023},{"sys":87024},{"id":87025,"type":889,"linkType":890},"28tFsY1XfjAmgurMiPWcbz",[],{"data":87028,"content":87029,"nodeType":912},{},[87030],{"data":87031,"marks":87032,"value":87033,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Building defense in depth against phishing attacks",{"data":87035,"content":87036,"nodeType":883},{},[87037],{"data":87038,"marks":87039,"value":87040,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At Push, our goal is to change the way the industry thinks about phishing. 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We do this by fingerprinting the page structure and resources of your legitimate login pages and monitoring for pages that are very similar. 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This data can be fed into a SIEM or other tool by emitting a webhook event. ",{"data":87263,"content":87264,"nodeType":883},{},[87265],{"data":87266,"marks":87267,"value":87268,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Alongside our SSO password protection and phishing toolkit detection, cloned login page detection adds another layer to our defense in depth approach. Together, these features provide comprehensive protection against phishing attacks.",{"data":87270,"content":87274,"nodeType":892},{"target":87271},{"sys":87272},{"id":87273,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5MIoDHn1R8j6VLNaeq9zLN",[],{"data":87276,"content":87277,"nodeType":912},{},[87278],{"data":87279,"marks":87280,"value":87281,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Book a demo to see it in action",{"data":87283,"content":87284,"nodeType":883},{},[87285,87289,87296],{"data":87286,"marks":87287,"value":87288,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Want to learn more? ",{"data":87290,"content":87291,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[87292],{"data":87293,"marks":87294,"value":87295,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Book a demo. ",{"data":87297,"marks":87298,"value":87299,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO, and how we detect vulnerable identities and stop identity attacks with browser-based controls.",{"entries":87301},{"hyperlink":87302,"inline":87303,"block":87304},[],[],[87305,87313,87317,87320,87324,87327],{"sys":87306,"__typename":68400,"title":87307,"youTubeUrl":87308,"imagePlaceholder":87309},{"id":86937},"Introducing cloned login page detection with Push","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eBdYr-Z5LE",{"url":87310,"width":87311,"height":87312},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1xZkalLqwHFPwBEOaRaAIl/26c021adcfec04cf3597182dd6b4a657/Screenshot_2024-08-13_at_3.36.22_PM.png",1884,1088,{"sys":87314,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":87315,"buttonLabel":87316,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":54450},{"id":87025},"Learn how attackers are designing AitM toolkits that can evade 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It’s easier to ",{"data":90539,"content":90540,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77006},[90541],{"data":90542,"marks":90543,"value":90545,"nodeType":867},{},[90544],{"type":876},"gain access via a password",{"data":90547,"marks":90548,"value":90549,"nodeType":867},{},[]," than it is to steal a session cookie. ",{"data":90551,"content":90552,"nodeType":883},{},[90553],{"data":90554,"marks":90555,"value":90556,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But there’s an inverse relationship between session-based attacks and MFA adoption. As MFA becomes widespread, adversaries turn to new effective methods of initial entry.",{"data":90558,"content":90559,"nodeType":883},{},[90560],{"data":90561,"marks":90562,"value":90563,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An increasingly common approach involves the use of infostealer malware, which can extract saved credentials, browser cookies, cryptowallets, and other valuable data from the infected endpoint.",{"data":90565,"content":90566,"nodeType":883},{},[90567],{"data":90568,"marks":90569,"value":90570,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using stolen tokens, adversaries don’t need to bypass MFA directly. They can simply import the tokens into their browser and assume an already authorized session.",{"data":90572,"content":90575,"nodeType":892},{"target":90573},{"sys":90574},{"id":78989,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":90577,"content":90578,"nodeType":883},{},[90579],{"data":90580,"marks":90581,"value":90582,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A few recent stats show the scope of the problem:",{"data":90584,"content":90585,"nodeType":1526},{},[90586,90607,90629,90650],{"data":90587,"content":90588,"nodeType":1505},{},[90589],{"data":90590,"content":90591,"nodeType":883},{},[90592,90596,90604],{"data":90593,"marks":90594,"value":90595,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers. Source: ",{"data":90597,"content":90598,"nodeType":878},{"uri":73185},[90599],{"data":90600,"marks":90601,"value":90603,"nodeType":867},{},[90602],{"type":876},"2024 Sophos Threat Report",{"data":90605,"marks":90606,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":90608,"content":90609,"nodeType":1505},{},[90610],{"data":90611,"content":90612,"nodeType":883},{},[90613,90617,90626],{"data":90614,"marks":90615,"value":90616,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Information-stealing malware accounted for nearly 10 percent of activity that Red Canary was able to associate with named threats last year. They also found a rise in stealer malware targeting macOS compared to previous years. Source: ",{"data":90618,"content":90620,"nodeType":878},{"uri":90619},"https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/trends/info-stealers/",[90621],{"data":90622,"marks":90623,"value":90625,"nodeType":867},{},[90624],{"type":876},"2024 Red Canary Threat Detection Report",{"data":90627,"marks":90628,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":90630,"content":90631,"nodeType":1505},{},[90632],{"data":90633,"content":90634,"nodeType":883},{},[90635,90639,90647],{"data":90636,"marks":90637,"value":90638,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stolen credentials continued to rank as the top initial access method for breaches analyzed by Verizon. Source: ",{"data":90640,"content":90641,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7665},[90642],{"data":90643,"marks":90644,"value":90646,"nodeType":867},{},[90645],{"type":876},"2024 Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":90648,"marks":90649,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":90651,"content":90652,"nodeType":1505},{},[90653],{"data":90654,"content":90655,"nodeType":883},{},[90656,90660,90667],{"data":90657,"marks":90658,"value":90659,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The number of token replay attacks is increasing, with Microsoft detecting 147,000 attacks in 2023, a 111% increase year-over-year. Source: ",{"data":90661,"content":90662,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77387},[90663],{"data":90664,"marks":90665,"value":90666,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft Blog",{"data":90668,"marks":90669,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":90671,"content":90672,"nodeType":912},{},[90673],{"data":90674,"marks":90675,"value":90676,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What's missing from current defenses",{"data":90678,"content":90679,"nodeType":883},{},[90680],{"data":90681,"marks":90682,"value":90683,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When defending against infostealer malware or other forms of session and credential theft, there are a few common challenges that organizations may face:",{"data":90685,"content":90686,"nodeType":1526},{},[90687,90697],{"data":90688,"content":90689,"nodeType":1505},{},[90690],{"data":90691,"content":90692,"nodeType":883},{},[90693],{"data":90694,"marks":90695,"value":90696,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Their endpoint security tooling doesn’t provide complete coverage across their device fleet, though they thought it did.",{"data":90698,"content":90699,"nodeType":1505},{},[90700],{"data":90701,"content":90702,"nodeType":883},{},[90703],{"data":90704,"marks":90705,"value":90706,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The malware is good enough to evade EDR detection, or it was able to execute and exfiltrate sessions or other data before it was stopped.",{"data":90708,"content":90709,"nodeType":883},{},[90710],{"data":90711,"marks":90712,"value":90713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Existing approaches to detecting stolen sessions also pose a noisy problem. Relying on IP-based or geolocation-based signals can result in frequent false positives. (And not all identity provider logs include a session identifier that you can use to perform correlations in the first place.)",{"data":90715,"content":90716,"nodeType":883},{},[90717],{"data":90718,"marks":90719,"value":90720,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The missing piece is a trusted signal for legitimate sessions that you can use to correlate with other data in order to identify unexpected activity that indicates a compromised identity and device.",{"data":90722,"content":90723,"nodeType":912},{},[90724],{"data":90725,"marks":90726,"value":90727,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Generating unique telemetry via the browser",{"data":90729,"content":90730,"nodeType":883},{},[90731],{"data":90732,"marks":90733,"value":90734,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push’s solution to detecting stolen sessions falls into the category of “so simple, why didn’t this already exist?”",{"data":90736,"content":90737,"nodeType":883},{},[90738],{"data":90739,"marks":90740,"value":90741,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The answer: Because you need to be in the browser to do it. The Push browser agent sits in a unique position that we can leverage to provide telemetry that otherwise would be extremely difficult to create.",{"data":90743,"content":90744,"nodeType":883},{},[90745],{"data":90746,"marks":90747,"value":90748,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s how it works:",{"data":90750,"content":90751,"nodeType":1526},{},[90752,90762,90772],{"data":90753,"content":90754,"nodeType":1505},{},[90755],{"data":90756,"content":90757,"nodeType":883},{},[90758],{"data":90759,"marks":90760,"value":90761,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Via the Push browser agent, Push injects a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push.",{"data":90763,"content":90764,"nodeType":1505},{},[90765],{"data":90766,"content":90767,"nodeType":883},{},[90768],{"data":90769,"marks":90770,"value":90771,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Administrators then add the list of domains where they wish to inject the marker into sessions, such as an identity provider like Okta or Microsoft.",{"data":90773,"content":90774,"nodeType":1505},{},[90775],{"data":90776,"content":90777,"nodeType":883},{},[90778,90782,90786,90790,90794],{"data":90779,"marks":90780,"value":90781,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both ",{"data":90783,"marks":90784,"value":53376,"nodeType":867},{},[90785],{"type":2278},{"data":90787,"marks":90788,"value":90789,"nodeType":867},{},[]," the Push marker and that ",{"data":90791,"marks":90792,"value":60385,"nodeType":867},{},[90793],{"type":2278},{"data":90795,"marks":90796,"value":90797,"nodeType":867},{},[]," the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":90799,"content":90800,"nodeType":883},{},[90801],{"data":90802,"marks":90803,"value":90804,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is in use.",{"data":90806,"content":90809,"nodeType":892},{"target":90807},{"sys":90808},{"id":60351,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":90811,"content":90812,"nodeType":883},{},[90813,90817,90825],{"data":90814,"marks":90815,"value":90816,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Learn more about configuring this feature in our ",{"data":90818,"content":90819,"nodeType":878},{"uri":90488},[90820],{"data":90821,"marks":90822,"value":90824,"nodeType":867},{},[90823],{"type":876},"Help 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application-agnostic. ",{"data":90856,"content":90857,"nodeType":883},{},[90858],{"data":90859,"marks":90860,"value":90861,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As long as the app you want to monitor provides robust logs, you can inject the Push-supplied marker into any session on any app. ",{"data":90863,"content":90864,"nodeType":883},{},[90865],{"data":90866,"marks":90867,"value":90868,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This allows you to detect suspicious activity even on internal corporate assets, such as an intranet. ",{"data":90870,"content":90871,"nodeType":883},{},[90872],{"data":90873,"marks":90874,"value":90875,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A tidy side effect is that you can also use this feature to identify unmanaged devices accessing sensitive corporate internal resources because they will lack the Push browser agent-supplied marker.",{"data":90877,"content":90878,"nodeType":883},{},[90879],{"data":90880,"marks":90881,"value":90882,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are probably a few other creative use cases 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",{"data":93344,"content":93345,"nodeType":883},{},[93346,93350,93357],{"data":93347,"marks":93348,"value":93349,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We found that ",{"data":93351,"content":93352,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[93353],{"data":93354,"marks":93355,"value":93356,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ghost logins are present in ~10% of the accounts per organization",{"data":93358,"marks":93359,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93361,"content":93362,"nodeType":921},{},[93363],{"data":93364,"marks":93365,"value":93366,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why do ghost logins exist?",{"data":93368,"content":93369,"nodeType":883},{},[93370],{"data":93371,"marks":93372,"value":93373,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identity management used to be something that was centrally contained and managed using an enterprise identity service like Active Directory. Most users probably only had one or two identities that you really cared about: the one they used to log into their company laptop and domain, and maybe also to log into a VPN. ",{"data":93375,"content":93376,"nodeType":883},{},[93377,93381,93388],{"data":93378,"marks":93379,"value":93380,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now, there are ",{"data":93382,"content":93383,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[93384],{"data":93385,"marks":93386,"value":93387,"nodeType":867},{},[],"200+ business apps in use per company, creating 1000s of sprawled identities",{"data":93389,"marks":93390,"value":93391,"nodeType":867},{},[]," across an ecosystem of business apps and services accessed over the internet.",{"data":93393,"content":93394,"nodeType":883},{},[93395],{"data":93396,"marks":93397,"value":93398,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most businesses have tried to solve this problem with single sign on (SSO). The logic being that if you can use a single set of credentials (and therefore, a single identity) to access all of your business apps, and then secure those credentials with MFA, then this problem goes away. However…",{"data":93400,"content":93401,"nodeType":921},{},[93402],{"data":93403,"marks":93404,"value":93405,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO expectations versus reality",{"data":93407,"content":93408,"nodeType":883},{},[93409],{"data":93410,"marks":93411,"value":93412,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unfortunately, the reality of SSO implementation is flawed. Most apps accept multiple login methods that can be configured — and used — simultaneously (yes, most apps don’t have proper session controls).  ",{"data":93414,"content":93418,"nodeType":892},{"target":93415},{"sys":93416},{"id":93417,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3sOz3HkiyJpY9nFtGCWEOV",[],{"data":93420,"content":93421,"nodeType":883},{},[93422],{"data":93423,"marks":93424,"value":93425,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is made worse by the fact that:",{"data":93427,"content":93428,"nodeType":1526},{},[93429,93439,93449,93459],{"data":93430,"content":93431,"nodeType":1505},{},[93432],{"data":93433,"content":93434,"nodeType":883},{},[93435],{"data":93436,"marks":93437,"value":93438,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most apps can't be locked down to restrict which login methods are accepted.",{"data":93440,"content":93441,"nodeType":1505},{},[93442],{"data":93443,"content":93444,"nodeType":883},{},[93445],{"data":93446,"marks":93447,"value":93448,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Users often self-adopt apps, and default to a username and password (and typically miss out MFA). ",{"data":93450,"content":93451,"nodeType":1505},{},[93452],{"data":93453,"content":93454,"nodeType":883},{},[93455],{"data":93456,"marks":93457,"value":93458,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO isn’t always possible if you aren’t using a supported IdP — and only one in three apps support SAML, the preferred enterprise-grade protocol.",{"data":93460,"content":93461,"nodeType":1505},{},[93462],{"data":93463,"content":93464,"nodeType":883},{},[93465],{"data":93466,"marks":93467,"value":93468,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even where SSO is possible, configuring an app for SSO doesn't automatically delete any legacy local logins.",{"data":93470,"content":93471,"nodeType":883},{},[93472],{"data":93473,"marks":93474,"value":93475,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Inevitably, this means that there are many situations in which users will create local accounts — typically with a username and password, and without MFA. This is how ghost logins are born.",{"data":93477,"content":93478,"nodeType":921},{},[93479],{"data":93480,"marks":93481,"value":93482,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How are ghost logins created? ",{"data":93484,"content":93485,"nodeType":883},{},[93486],{"data":93487,"marks":93488,"value":93489,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins can be created in the following ways:",{"data":93491,"content":93492,"nodeType":1526},{},[93493,93503],{"data":93494,"content":93495,"nodeType":1505},{},[93496],{"data":93497,"content":93498,"nodeType":883},{},[93499],{"data":93500,"marks":93501,"value":93502,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A user self-adopts an app, setting up an account with a local username and password. The app is later adopted companywide and brought under SSO. This creates an additional SSO login method, likely as the default, but the local login will continue to exist unless explicitly disabled or deleted. ",{"data":93504,"content":93505,"nodeType":1505},{},[93506],{"data":93507,"content":93508,"nodeType":883},{},[93509],{"data":93510,"marks":93511,"value":93512,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Secondary/backup login methods can often be added later in the app settings after logging in. This includes things like setting up a secondary email to send a login link to, or setting up API access to remove the need to authenticate altogether. ",{"data":93514,"content":93515,"nodeType":883},{},[93516],{"data":93517,"marks":93518,"value":93519,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, ghost logins are very easily introduced through the normal course of app adoption and use by employees. ",{"data":93521,"content":93522,"nodeType":921},{},[93523],{"data":93524,"marks":93525,"value":93526,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why do ghost logins pose a risk? ",{"data":93528,"content":93529,"nodeType":883},{},[93530],{"data":93531,"marks":93532,"value":93533,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins pose a risk for a number of reasons, as they: ",{"data":93535,"content":93536,"nodeType":1526},{},[93537,93552,93567],{"data":93538,"content":93539,"nodeType":1505},{},[93540],{"data":93541,"content":93542,"nodeType":883},{},[93543,93548],{"data":93544,"marks":93545,"value":93547,"nodeType":867},{},[93546],{"type":910},"Typically have less secure configurations ",{"data":93549,"marks":93550,"value":93551,"nodeType":867},{},[],"than your preferred login method – and may be missing key controls like MFA.  ",{"data":93553,"content":93554,"nodeType":1505},{},[93555],{"data":93556,"content":93557,"nodeType":883},{},[93558,93563],{"data":93559,"marks":93560,"value":93562,"nodeType":867},{},[93561],{"type":910},"Are effectively shadow logins",{"data":93564,"marks":93565,"value":93566,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – IT/security don’t know about them, and if using an IdP as your primary identity security interface, they won’t necessarily be visible without taking a deeper look at individual apps. ",{"data":93568,"content":93569,"nodeType":1505},{},[93570],{"data":93571,"content":93572,"nodeType":883},{},[93573,93578],{"data":93574,"marks":93575,"value":93577,"nodeType":867},{},[93576],{"type":910},"Can be used simultaneously with SSO",{"data":93579,"marks":93580,"value":93581,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – so you can have an unrestricted number of concurrent sessions with SSO and non SSO logins active at the same time, without the user being kicked out of the previous session.",{"data":93583,"content":93584,"nodeType":883},{},[93585],{"data":93586,"marks":93587,"value":93588,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins provide opportunities for attackers to bypass security controls for initial access and persistence in an application (which we’ll come onto in more detail later). They also provide an opportunity for malicious insiders, e.g. a disgruntled employee, to access systems even after SSO access is revoked. If the security team relies on IdP logs to audit app logins, these accounts can go undetected.",{"data":93590,"content":93591,"nodeType":883},{},[93592],{"data":93593,"marks":93594,"value":93595,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To be able to identify them, you’d need to log into the app admin dashboard. But depending on how the app was adopted, you (as a security admin) may not even be an app-level admin — it’s not unusual for individual teams to administer their own apps. And even if you do have access, it’s not always easy (or possible) to gather this level of information about user account configuration. ",{"data":93597,"content":93598,"nodeType":883},{},[93599],{"data":93600,"marks":93601,"value":93602,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s very easy to see how these vulnerable login methods can be overlooked by security teams – let’s look at how they can be identified and exploited by attackers. ",{"data":93604,"content":93605,"nodeType":912},{},[93606],{"data":93607,"marks":93608,"value":93609,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How can ghost logins be exploited by attackers?",{"data":93611,"content":93612,"nodeType":883},{},[93613,93618],{"data":93614,"marks":93615,"value":93617,"nodeType":867},{},[93616],{"type":910},"Let’s take an example scenario:",{"data":93619,"marks":93620,"value":93621,"nodeType":867},{},[]," You’re using an IdP solution like Okta or Microsoft/Entra with SAML SSO as the default login method for your core business apps. Via your IdP you require MFA when authenticating to your IdP apps page, and also potentially when signing into an individual connected app. ",{"data":93623,"content":93624,"nodeType":883},{},[93625],{"data":93626,"marks":93627,"value":93628,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, you only recently introduced your IdP solution, and your users previously accessed this app with a local username and password. Although you asked your users to configure MFA in the app itself, not all of them did. And when you deployed your IdP solution, you didn’t manually unset all the local password-based logins for the apps you connected to it. ",{"data":93630,"content":93631,"nodeType":883},{},[93632],{"data":93633,"marks":93634,"value":93636,"nodeType":867},{},[93635],{"type":910},"Unknown to you, there are now hundreds of local accounts for core business apps which lack MFA. ",{"data":93638,"content":93639,"nodeType":883},{},[93640],{"data":93641,"marks":93642,"value":93643,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are two main scenarios in which ghost logins can be utilized by an attacker:",{"data":93645,"content":93646,"nodeType":1526},{},[93647,93662],{"data":93648,"content":93649,"nodeType":1505},{},[93650],{"data":93651,"content":93652,"nodeType":883},{},[93653,93658],{"data":93654,"marks":93655,"value":93657,"nodeType":867},{},[93656],{"type":910},"To bypass robustly configured login methods",{"data":93659,"marks":93660,"value":93661,"nodeType":867},{},[]," such as SSO to compromise an app identity during the initial access phase of an attack. ",{"data":93663,"content":93664,"nodeType":1505},{},[93665],{"data":93666,"content":93667,"nodeType":883},{},[93668,93673],{"data":93669,"marks":93670,"value":93672,"nodeType":867},{},[93671],{"type":910},"To create additional login methods for an already compromised account to ensure persistent access",{"data":93674,"marks":93675,"value":93676,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – even if the original compromised login method is revoked or disabled. This could be either the result of compromising an identity belonging to a specific app, or having previously compromised an IdP account (e.g. Okta).",{"data":93678,"content":93679,"nodeType":883},{},[93680],{"data":93681,"marks":93682,"value":93683,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let's look at these use cases in more detail. ",{"data":93685,"content":93686,"nodeType":921},{},[93687],{"data":93688,"marks":93689,"value":93690,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins for initial access",{"data":93692,"content":93693,"nodeType":883},{},[93694],{"data":93695,"marks":93696,"value":93697,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Arguably the most dangerous use case for ghost logins is to conduct credential attacks against accounts using a username and password. Logins with a weak or guessable password, or a reused password that has appeared in a public data breach dump, are primed for account takeover. ",{"data":93699,"content":93700,"nodeType":883},{},[93701],{"data":93702,"marks":93703,"value":93704,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The cyber crime ecosystem is leaning toward the theft, sale, and use of stolen credentials (not just emails and passwords, but session tokens too). ",{"data":93706,"content":93707,"nodeType":1526},{},[93708,93728,93747],{"data":93709,"content":93710,"nodeType":1505},{},[93711],{"data":93712,"content":93713,"nodeType":883},{},[93714,93718,93725],{"data":93715,"marks":93716,"value":93717,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are 600 million identity attacks per day, with 99% involving passwords (",{"data":93719,"content":93720,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67009},[93721],{"data":93722,"marks":93723,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[93724],{"type":876},{"data":93726,"marks":93727,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93729,"content":93730,"nodeType":1505},{},[93731],{"data":93732,"content":93733,"nodeType":883},{},[93734,93737,93744],{"data":93735,"marks":93736,"value":77405,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93738,"content":93739,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67182},[93740],{"data":93741,"marks":93742,"value":7671,"nodeType":867},{},[93743],{"type":876},{"data":93745,"marks":93746,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93748,"content":93749,"nodeType":1505},{},[93750],{"data":93751,"content":93752,"nodeType":883},{},[93753,93756,93763],{"data":93754,"marks":93755,"value":77343,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93757,"content":93758,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77346},[93759],{"data":93760,"marks":93761,"value":77352,"nodeType":867},{},[93762],{"type":876},{"data":93764,"marks":93765,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93767,"content":93768,"nodeType":883},{},[93769],{"data":93770,"marks":93771,"value":93773,"nodeType":867},{},[93772],{"type":910},"So, it’s easier than ever for attackers to gather breached credentials and weaponize them at scale. ",{"data":93775,"content":93776,"nodeType":883},{},[93777],{"data":93778,"marks":93779,"value":93780,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Realistically, any username and password combination for addresses belonging to a specific organization/domain can be attempted on any app. Breached credential data will often provide a strong indicator of other apps also in use for that organization. And for apps with a custom tenant URL (that cannot be easily guessed) data dumps often helpfully include the URLs for those login pages, too.  ",{"data":93782,"content":93783,"nodeType":883},{},[93784],{"data":93785,"marks":93786,"value":93787,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The risk posed by the massive amounts of leaked credentials available is heightened because: ",{"data":93789,"content":93790,"nodeType":1526},{},[93791,93812],{"data":93792,"content":93793,"nodeType":1505},{},[93794],{"data":93795,"content":93796,"nodeType":883},{},[93797,93801,93808],{"data":93798,"marks":93799,"value":93800,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many employees reuse passwords, with ",{"data":93802,"content":93803,"nodeType":878},{"uri":36749},[93804],{"data":93805,"marks":93806,"value":93807,"nodeType":867},{},[],"~9% of all accounts using a breached, weak, or reused password",{"data":93809,"marks":93810,"value":93811,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This isn’t just for low-risk apps either, and includes the reuse of highly sensitive IdP creds. ",{"data":93813,"content":93814,"nodeType":1505},{},[93815],{"data":93816,"content":93817,"nodeType":883},{},[93818],{"data":93819,"marks":93820,"value":93821,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations don’t typically rotate or enforce changes to SaaS app passwords in the same way they might for company account/device login connected to Active Directory.  ",{"data":93823,"content":93824,"nodeType":883},{},[93825],{"data":93826,"marks":93827,"value":93828,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins aren’t limited to just username and password either. For example, a breached social account such as Facebook or Google can result in a broader compromise if those accounts have been connected to any corporate apps.   ",{"data":93830,"content":93831,"nodeType":883},{},[93832],{"data":93833,"marks":93834,"value":93836,"nodeType":867},{},[93835],{"type":910},"So, exploiting ghost logins can be a highly effective method for attackers to gain initial access to a user account from which to launch further attacks.  ",{"data":93838,"content":93839,"nodeType":921},{},[93840],{"data":93841,"marks":93842,"value":93843,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins for persistence and defense evasion",{"data":93845,"content":93846,"nodeType":883},{},[93847],{"data":93848,"marks":93849,"value":93850,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now, we’ll take a look at how attackers can leverage ghost logins as part of the later stages of an attack, having already established an initial foothold via account compromise. ",{"data":93852,"content":93853,"nodeType":883},{},[93854,93858],{"data":93855,"marks":93856,"value":93857,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If an organization has a reasonable level of security monitoring in-place (depending on log availability from the particular app vendor), or a victim receives a notification about an unusual login (e.g. from a new device or unusual IP) then access to an account can be short-lived. ",{"data":93859,"marks":93860,"value":93862,"nodeType":867},{},[93861],{"type":910},"However, ghost logins can provide attackers with the tools to maintain persistent access to a compromised account, even if the initial compromised login method is disabled or revoked. ",{"data":93864,"content":93865,"nodeType":883},{},[93866,93870,93875],{"data":93867,"marks":93868,"value":93869,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, if a social login is used to access an account, an adversary may be able to configure a separate username/password login, or even (though much less commonly) connect a second social account that the adversary controls. This allows the adversary to maintain persistent access to the user account ",{"data":93871,"marks":93872,"value":93874,"nodeType":867},{},[93873],{"type":910},"even in the event of password changes or MFA changes",{"data":93876,"marks":93877,"value":93878,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The attack will go unnoticed if the victim organization relies on SSO logs for auditing access to SaaS applications because the attack bypasses SSO, as the login remains local to the SaaS app or, in the case of an OIDC SSO login, the adversary’s own social account.",{"data":93880,"content":93881,"nodeType":883},{},[93882,93886,93893,93897,93905],{"data":93883,"marks":93884,"value":93885,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another quirk is that it’s common for ordinary users to become app-level admins when an app is self-adopted by an individual or team. If an attacker is able to gain control of such an account, it can then be used to target other users without needing to deliver phishing links by hijacking SAML-based authentication. In this scenario, users attempting to sign in using SAML SSO are directed it to an attacker-controlled tenant in a watering hole attack (also known as ",{"data":93887,"content":93888,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81066},[93889],{"data":93890,"marks":93891,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[93892],{"type":876},{"data":93894,"marks":93895,"value":93896,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which you can ",{"data":93898,"content":93899,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1142},[93900],{"data":93901,"marks":93902,"value":93904,"nodeType":867},{},[93903],{"type":876},"read more about in another blog post",{"data":93906,"marks":93907,"value":8624,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93909,"content":93910,"nodeType":883},{},[93911,93915,93923],{"data":93912,"marks":93913,"value":93914,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you're curious as to how an attacker might be able to compromise an IdP account such as Okta, ",{"data":93916,"content":93917,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[93918],{"data":93919,"marks":93920,"value":93922,"nodeType":867},{},[93921],{"type":876},"you should check out our blog post on AitM and BitM phishing techniques",{"data":93924,"marks":93925,"value":37381,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93927,"content":93928,"nodeType":912},{},[93929],{"data":93930,"marks":93931,"value":93932,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Case study: Snowflake",{"data":93934,"content":93935,"nodeType":883},{},[93936,93939,93946],{"data":93937,"marks":93938,"value":2227,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93940,"content":93941,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2230},[93942],{"data":93943,"marks":93944,"value":93945,"nodeType":867},{},[],"recent attacks on 165 Snowflake customers",{"data":93947,"marks":93948,"value":93949,"nodeType":867},{},[],", resulting in hundreds of millions of breached customer records, were the product of a credential stuffing campaign using stolen credentials from infostealer infections dating back to 2020. ",{"data":93951,"content":93952,"nodeType":883},{},[93953],{"data":93954,"marks":93955,"value":93956,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The industry response to Snowflake was typical: check whether Snowflake has been set up for SSO, and if so, job done — we’re protected by MFA.",{"data":93958,"content":93959,"nodeType":883},{},[93960],{"data":93961,"marks":93962,"value":93963,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The reality was that MFA was not — and could not — be centrally enforced for username and password accounts. Even if MFA was applied at the IdP level for SSO logins, it was not enforced for local username and password logins. It needed to be opted-into by the user. ",{"data":93965,"content":93966,"nodeType":883},{},[93967,93971,93978],{"data":93968,"marks":93969,"value":93970,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This meant the most logical thing to do was to disable local accounts. But because Snowflake is essentially a cloud-hosted SQL database, there was no easy-to-use GUI to access local account config data. Once you’d managed to get an admin account with the right permissions, you needed to run various commands to find and unset the accounts. ",{"data":93972,"content":93973,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80413},[93974],{"data":93975,"marks":93976,"value":93977,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But if you didn’t have the exact type of admin account, misleading results would be returned — and even after you had fixed the vulnerability it took hours to update the database. ",{"data":93979,"marks":93980,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":93982,"content":93983,"nodeType":883},{},[93984],{"data":93985,"marks":93986,"value":93987,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This meant that organizations were exposed to these attacks for a prolonged period, and were left uncertain as to whether they had addressed the vulnerabilities or not. ",{"data":93989,"content":93990,"nodeType":912},{},[93991],{"data":93992,"marks":93993,"value":93994,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using Push to find and fix ghost logins across your app inventory",{"data":93996,"content":93997,"nodeType":883},{},[93998],{"data":93999,"marks":94000,"value":94001,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Finding and fixing ghost logins is a challenge for most organizations. Since you can’t rely on the view provided by your IdP, you need to:",{"data":94003,"content":94004,"nodeType":1526},{},[94005,94015,94025],{"data":94006,"content":94007,"nodeType":1505},{},[94008],{"data":94009,"content":94010,"nodeType":883},{},[94011],{"data":94012,"marks":94013,"value":94014,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Discover the apps in use across your organization",{"data":94016,"content":94017,"nodeType":1505},{},[94018],{"data":94019,"content":94020,"nodeType":883},{},[94021],{"data":94022,"marks":94023,"value":94024,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get admin rights, audit each app, and unset any local credentials (enforcing MFA at the app-level too if you can, for good measure)",{"data":94026,"content":94027,"nodeType":1505},{},[94028],{"data":94029,"content":94030,"nodeType":883},{},[94031],{"data":94032,"marks":94033,"value":94034,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Configure the app to prevent local accounts being created (again, if possible)",{"data":94036,"content":94037,"nodeType":883},{},[94038],{"data":94039,"marks":94040,"value":94041,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Not only is this a sisyphean task with continually moving goalposts, but depending on which apps you use, and how they’ve been designed, it may not be possible to remediate every instance of ghost logins. For that reason, it’s important to also invest in your identity threat detection and response capabilities — for when, not if, an account takeover attempt occurs. ",{"data":94043,"content":94044,"nodeType":883},{},[94045,94049,94057],{"data":94046,"marks":94047,"value":94048,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push helps organizations to defend against ghost logins and other identity threats with a defense-in-depth approach: Using a browser-based agent to generate visibility of all logins (not just via IdP logs) while also detecting, intercepting, and shutting down account takeover attempts via phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking. 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perfectly you end up on example.com instead of the phishing page",{"url":94677,"width":94678,"height":37843},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4ABcdZCFsxrZYSHYpQNZY1/f2d6438d1b53ec2e47e0bfbfec44fe59/image6.png",1422,{"sys":94680,"__typename":1584,"title":94681,"caption":94681,"layoutMode":59,"file":94682},{"id":85804},"The href.li service that hides referrers",{"url":94683,"width":94684,"height":94685},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6lfYLQVz50TRqhfuOE3020/5ca9a4ccee7894769a3b9e39addf5b5c/image7.png",1636,614,{"sys":94687,"__typename":1584,"title":94688,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":94689},{"id":85838},"URL with a JWT auth parameter:",{"url":94690,"width":94691,"height":94692},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1wFzygwfEek9GamL9NxzXm/d537558134774817d9dc87075cd3db8f/image8.png",1654,660,{"sys":94694,"__typename":1584,"title":94695,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":94696},{"id":85844},"URL with a JWT auth parameter (2)",{"url":94697,"width":94698,"height":94699},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1m75J16LXvOv3ilKd2PndP/60e24888b30259018d9b36c2171b990b/image3.png",1226,906,{"sys":94701,"__typename":1584,"title":94702,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":94703},{"id":85871},"Breaking login page signatures",{"url":94704,"width":94705,"height":94706},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5zCs41eAanFqhO8lEqmhSn/4aad92d073bf87a7d03fd7c8901f29e6/image1.png",1935,761,{"sys":94708,"__typename":1584,"title":94709,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":94710},{"id":85960},"VirusTotal entry for NakedPages URL",{"url":94711,"width":94712,"height":94713},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6f6zM8NSe0UZ0H9ydCDgqi/784b6a8ad40f32835d7e8733010f8ad0/image4.png",1340,277,{"sys":94715,"__typename":1577,"type":1578,"ctaText":94716,"buttonLabel":74545,"buttonColour":71730,"buttonUrl":54450},{"id":85992},"Want to see more ways AitM kits evade detection? Check out Part 2 here.",{"items":94718},[],{},"Analyzing AitM phish kits and the ways they evade detection",{"items":94722},[94723,95420,95911],{"__typename":1670,"sys":94724,"content":94726,"title":95406,"synopsis":95407,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":95408,"slug":95409,"tagsCollection":95410,"authorsCollection":95416},{"id":94725},"6XHbplcolYfUeAB6x3olYQ",{"json":94727},{"data":94728,"content":94729,"nodeType":1569},{},[94730,94737,94756,94789,94796,94802,94809,94816,94849,94856,94863,94870,94877,94884,94891,94898,94905,94912,94919,94926,94933,94940,94947,94954,94961,94968,94974,94980,94987,94994,95001,95008,95014,95021,95028,95046,95053,95073,95079,95086,95093,95100,95107,95113,95120,95127,95134,95141,95148,95154,95160,95167,95174,95181,95188,95195,95202,95208,95215,95222,95229,95236,95243,95249,95255,95262,95269,95276,95282,95289,95296,95303,95309,95316,95322,95329,95335,95352,95370,95377,95394,95400],{"data":94731,"content":94732,"nodeType":912},{},[94733],{"data":94734,"marks":94735,"value":94736,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Picking up where we left off...",{"data":94738,"content":94739,"nodeType":883},{},[94740,94744,94752],{"data":94741,"marks":94742,"value":94743,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In our previous ",{"data":94745,"content":94746,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54450},[94747],{"data":94748,"marks":94749,"value":94751,"nodeType":867},{},[94750],{"type":876},"blog post",{"data":94753,"marks":94754,"value":94755,"nodeType":867},{},[],", we looked at a range of techniques implemented by a then-recent instance of the NakedPages AiTM phishing kit for evading detection. The techniques covered previously were mostly intended to make two detection strategies for defenders much more difficult:",{"data":94757,"content":94758,"nodeType":1526},{},[94759,94774],{"data":94760,"content":94761,"nodeType":1505},{},[94762],{"data":94763,"content":94764,"nodeType":883},{},[94765,94770],{"data":94766,"marks":94767,"value":94769,"nodeType":867},{},[94768],{"type":910},"Writing toolkit signatures",{"data":94771,"marks":94772,"value":94773,"nodeType":867},{},[],": Through heavy use of randomization, constantly changing hosting domains/IPs, legitimate hosting options etc., it becomes very difficult for defenders to maintain effective signatures to detect either generic phishing kit code or where they are hosted.",{"data":94775,"content":94776,"nodeType":1505},{},[94777],{"data":94778,"content":94779,"nodeType":883},{},[94780,94785],{"data":94781,"marks":94782,"value":94784,"nodeType":867},{},[94783],{"type":910},"Automating dynamic analysis",{"data":94786,"marks":94787,"value":94788,"nodeType":867},{},[],": Similarly to sandbox evasion for malware, phishing kits are designed to evade automated discovery and analysis, e.g. by using Cloudflare Turnstile bot detection, and requiring legitimate browser interaction and JavaScript execution in order for execution flow to reach the malicious phishing functionality.",{"data":94790,"content":94791,"nodeType":883},{},[94792],{"data":94793,"marks":94794,"value":94795,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this blog post, we're diving deeper into a specific category of signature-based detection and how attackers are getting around them: Login page signatures. ",{"data":94797,"content":94801,"nodeType":892},{"target":94798},{"sys":94799},{"id":94800,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1aaDMth4Cxv6CMT0PJW5py",[],{"data":94803,"content":94804,"nodeType":912},{},[94805],{"data":94806,"marks":94807,"value":94808,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Login page signatures 101",{"data":94810,"content":94811,"nodeType":883},{},[94812],{"data":94813,"marks":94814,"value":94815,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The overwhelming majority of common AiTM phishing kits in the wild now are targeting the most dominant identity providers (IdPs), such as Microsoft Entra or Google Workspace. They typically emulate the login pages of these platforms to ensure the victim uses the correct password and MFA factor and completes the login process, so the attacker can steal the valid session.",{"data":94817,"content":94818,"nodeType":883},{},[94819,94823,94828,94831,94836,94840,94845],{"data":94820,"marks":94821,"value":94822,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a result, security product vendors are naturally looking to move away from unreliable detections based on signaturing ever-changing phishing kits, toward detecting login pages that ",{"data":94824,"marks":94825,"value":94827,"nodeType":867},{},[94826],{"type":910},"look like",{"data":94829,"marks":94830,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":94832,"marks":94833,"value":94835,"nodeType":867},{},[94834],{"type":910},"Microsoft Entra, Google Workspace",{"data":94837,"marks":94838,"value":94839,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (or any other common IdP) ",{"data":94841,"marks":94842,"value":94844,"nodeType":867},{},[94843],{"type":910},"but are not hosted on the official domains",{"data":94846,"marks":94847,"value":94848,"nodeType":867},{},[],". The benefit here is that you’re focusing on a fixed, known target, rather than a constantly moving one (e.g. phishing kit codebases).",{"data":94850,"content":94851,"nodeType":883},{},[94852],{"data":94853,"marks":94854,"value":94855,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, attackers have managed to stay one step ahead and are already using a wide range of techniques to break these detections and counter the countermeasures.",{"data":94857,"content":94858,"nodeType":912},{},[94859],{"data":94860,"marks":94861,"value":94862,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Signature evasion strategies",{"data":94864,"content":94865,"nodeType":883},{},[94866],{"data":94867,"marks":94868,"value":94869,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Well, like most good ideas, someone else has already had it — many phishing kits pre-emptively take steps to evade detections based on login page signatures. The specific evasion techniques used are a useful insight into what detection techniques are out there and are needing to be circumvented. ",{"data":94871,"content":94872,"nodeType":883},{},[94873],{"data":94874,"marks":94875,"value":94876,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Before we delve into the specific examples, let’s first consider the general strategies for this: document object model (DOM) obfuscation, and visual obfuscation. ",{"data":94878,"content":94879,"nodeType":921},{},[94880],{"data":94881,"marks":94882,"value":94883,"nodeType":867},{},[],"DOM obfuscation",{"data":94885,"content":94886,"nodeType":883},{},[94887],{"data":94888,"marks":94889,"value":94890,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is the more traditional evasion approach. The goal for an attacker is to have a login page that is visually identical to the real page when viewed with the human eye. ",{"data":94892,"content":94893,"nodeType":883},{},[94894],{"data":94895,"marks":94896,"value":94897,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But that doesn’t mean the underlying DOM (or loaded HTML, CSS, and JS code) needs to be the same, or even similar, to the real login page. It’s possible to  construct a completely different DOM that ensures the same visual output with a very different underlying code. ",{"data":94899,"content":94900,"nodeType":883},{},[94901],{"data":94902,"marks":94903,"value":94904,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s also possible to use dynamic modification techniques to ensure the DOM changes during execution to frustrate fixed point-in-time analysis controls, like those that may be used by web proxies.  ",{"data":94906,"content":94907,"nodeType":921},{},[94908],{"data":94909,"marks":94910,"value":94911,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Visual obfuscation",{"data":94913,"content":94914,"nodeType":883},{},[94915],{"data":94916,"marks":94917,"value":94918,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With the ever-increasing capabilities of machine learning (ML) and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, we don’t just have to look at the underlying code and text signatures anymore. There are a range of computer vision based techniques that can be used to simulate a more human approach to assessing if a login page matches another example. ",{"data":94920,"content":94921,"nodeType":883},{},[94922],{"data":94923,"marks":94924,"value":94925,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Therefore, another approach to defeat login page signatures would be to perform visual obfuscation techniques that can frustrate computer vision-based detections, while still fooling a human user.",{"data":94927,"content":94928,"nodeType":912},{},[94929],{"data":94930,"marks":94931,"value":94932,"nodeType":867},{},[],"DOM obfuscation techniques",{"data":94934,"content":94935,"nodeType":883},{},[94936],{"data":94937,"marks":94938,"value":94939,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For consistency, we’re going to focus on Microsoft login phishing kits as they are the most common (by far), but we’ll pick from some different samples we’ve observed. Let’s start with a few examples of DOM obfuscation we have seen in the wild:",{"data":94941,"content":94942,"nodeType":921},{},[94943],{"data":94944,"marks":94945,"value":94946,"nodeType":867},{},[],"#1 – DOM structure change",{"data":94948,"content":94949,"nodeType":883},{},[94950],{"data":94951,"marks":94952,"value":94953,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If an attacker were to simply clone Microsoft’s login page, then we’d expect to see a very similar (if not identical) DOM structure, right? After all, the simplest way to emulate a web page visually is either to copy the HTML directly or transparently proxy requests to the real target with minimal changes, as tools like Evilginx do. This would make detection far simpler as we’d have a known code structure to look for. ",{"data":94955,"content":94956,"nodeType":883},{},[94957],{"data":94958,"marks":94959,"value":94960,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unfortunately, it’s pretty common for attackers to deliberately use a completely different DOM structure for something that’s almost identical to the eye. It takes a lot more effort to implement this and so the reason for it is almost certainly to avoid this detection technique.  ",{"data":94962,"content":94963,"nodeType":883},{},[94964],{"data":94965,"marks":94966,"value":94967,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Check out the examples below to see a high-level interpretation of the DOM structure for a legitimate Microsoft login page and one phishing example. You can see how they are visually very similar, but radically different from one another when looking at DOM code:",{"data":94969,"content":94973,"nodeType":892},{"target":94970},{"sys":94971},{"id":94972,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4amv144ZzTBmd9ssh66kkr",[],{"data":94975,"content":94979,"nodeType":892},{"target":94976},{"sys":94977},{"id":94978,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2gC49b2f2Th4wAEWLPvAnL",[],{"data":94981,"content":94982,"nodeType":921},{},[94983],{"data":94984,"marks":94985,"value":94986,"nodeType":867},{},[],"#2 – Randomizing page titles",{"data":94988,"content":94989,"nodeType":883},{},[94990],{"data":94991,"marks":94992,"value":94993,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The HTML page title is one very specific place to check for similarity. For Microsoft, it can change slightly depending on the service, but if we use Outlook as an example then the page title is “Sign in to Outlook”. This also has a favicon of the Microsoft logo (another issue we’ll visit later in the article). \n\nIt’s unsurprising that attackers are randomizing the page title to evade basic detections – how many users would really notice any difference?",{"data":94995,"content":94996,"nodeType":883},{},[94997],{"data":94998,"marks":94999,"value":95000,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Some kits, such as the NakedPages case study we looked at in the previous article, use purely randomized alphanumeric text. Others use english words that may seem innocuous if a user does inspect them, but are in fact randomized between iterations to ensure any one set that is flagged will not completely block the phishing kit from operating. ",{"data":95002,"content":95003,"nodeType":883},{},[95004],{"data":95005,"marks":95006,"value":95007,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, see three refreshed examples of the same phishing kit below when compared with the legitimate Outlook login page title next to it.",{"data":95009,"content":95013,"nodeType":892},{"target":95010},{"sys":95011},{"id":95012,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2KuHCssISCeGYeZNC005pV",[],{"data":95015,"content":95016,"nodeType":921},{},[95017],{"data":95018,"marks":95019,"value":95020,"nodeType":867},{},[],"#3 – Desktop control techniques (e.g. NoVNC)",{"data":95022,"content":95023,"nodeType":883},{},[95024],{"data":95025,"marks":95026,"value":95027,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The most common AiTM phishing technique is some form of a web proxy method, where the victim interacts with a legitimate website that is proxying certain requests to the real backend. However, this is not the only method. Some tools utilize a Browser-in-the-Middle (BiTM) technique that involves using desktop sharing technologies to remotely control an attacker’s browser instead. ",{"data":95029,"content":95030,"nodeType":883},{},[95031,95035,95043],{"data":95032,"marks":95033,"value":95034,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to know more about this, check out our ",{"data":95036,"content":95037,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[95038],{"data":95039,"marks":95040,"value":95042,"nodeType":867},{},[95041],{"type":876},"previous article on AiTM phishing",{"data":95044,"marks":95045,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":95047,"content":95048,"nodeType":883},{},[95049],{"data":95050,"marks":95051,"value":95052,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The upside of this for an attacker is that the website is actually completely different from the target website under the hood. If anything, it just looks like any other website making use of similar technologies like NoVNC.",{"data":95054,"content":95055,"nodeType":883},{},[95056,95060,95069],{"data":95057,"marks":95058,"value":95059,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, see the following screenshot example of using the open-source BiTM tool, ",{"data":95061,"content":95063,"nodeType":878},{"uri":95062},"https://github.com/JoelGMSec/EvilnoVNC",[95064],{"data":95065,"marks":95066,"value":95068,"nodeType":867},{},[95067],{"type":876},"EvilNoVNC",{"data":95070,"marks":95071,"value":95072,"nodeType":867},{},[],". You can see how the underlying HTML and DOM are completely different due to the use of this technique, with effectively the entire page just being an HTML canvas element that is rendered like a video.",{"data":95074,"content":95078,"nodeType":892},{"target":95075},{"sys":95076},{"id":95077,"type":889,"linkType":890},"60Jt2P0ip14ycdtS9qLPhc",[],{"data":95080,"content":95081,"nodeType":921},{},[95082],{"data":95083,"marks":95084,"value":95085,"nodeType":867},{},[],"#4 – Dynamic text decoding",{"data":95087,"content":95088,"nodeType":883},{},[95089],{"data":95090,"marks":95091,"value":95092,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Sometimes there may be very specific strings that detection tools might try to signature on. Let’s use the example of text that appears visually on the login page. While most login text can be pretty generic, e.g. “Sign in”, that’s not always the case. To appear authentic, it’s better for an attacker to keep it the same, but that leaves it vulnerable to signature detection. ",{"data":95094,"content":95095,"nodeType":883},{},[95096],{"data":95097,"marks":95098,"value":95099,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, the placeholder text on Microsoft’s login page is “Email, phone, or Skype”. Particularly given Microsoft’s historical acquisition of Skype, this is actually a pretty specific piece of text that you won’t usually find in the username field of a login page very often. ",{"data":95101,"content":95102,"nodeType":883},{},[95103],{"data":95104,"marks":95105,"value":95106,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So how do you keep this text but make it harder to signature on? Well you fall back to classic decoding techniques to avoid static signatures. In this case, that is decoded from base64 using JavaScript’s atob() function in order to load that text dynamically during execution rather than have it statically within the HTML. This makes it harder to create a signature using common point-in-time static analysis techniques.",{"data":95108,"content":95112,"nodeType":892},{"target":95109},{"sys":95110},{"id":95111,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1PymaE09il5CubFvwSfLqW",[],{"data":95114,"content":95115,"nodeType":921},{},[95116],{"data":95117,"marks":95118,"value":95119,"nodeType":867},{},[],"#5 – Image element obfuscation",{"data":95121,"content":95122,"nodeType":883},{},[95123],{"data":95124,"marks":95125,"value":95126,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re starting to shift towards more visual-based obfuscation elements now, but first let’s cover  an interesting example that straddles the two.",{"data":95128,"content":95129,"nodeType":883},{},[95130],{"data":95131,"marks":95132,"value":95133,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many login pages will have very clear examples of vendor logos present in specific locations and elements as part of a login page. This is a huge part of an authentic visual experience and so attackers would like to keep them there. However, as defenders we could specifically look for these elements, both for pure structural matching techniques or as a pre-processing step for visual matching techniques later (e.g. visually matching a logo, rather than the entire page). ",{"data":95135,"content":95136,"nodeType":883},{},[95137],{"data":95138,"marks":95139,"value":95140,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For this reason, attackers might want to obfuscate this aspect in order to make it difficult to match or locate the images used within the login page, while still ensuring they appear visually identical to a user.",{"data":95142,"content":95143,"nodeType":883},{},[95144],{"data":95145,"marks":95146,"value":95147,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Below, we can see a comparison of a legitimate Microsoft login page and a phishing kit. You can see how in the original a standard HTML \u003Cimg> element of a specific size and name are used. In comparison, our phishing kit has replaced this with a \u003Cdiv> element of a different size and made use of background image styling to ensure the \u003Cdiv> ends up with the same visual appearance despite the structural differences.",{"data":95149,"content":95153,"nodeType":892},{"target":95150},{"sys":95151},{"id":95152,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4MvwXZDjMA56ZYSdjKpu9R",[],{"data":95155,"content":95159,"nodeType":892},{"target":95156},{"sys":95157},{"id":95158,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6tNMjTvHuAWkuK0x7ZEgKr",[],{"data":95161,"content":95162,"nodeType":912},{},[95163],{"data":95164,"marks":95165,"value":95166,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Visual obfuscation techniques",{"data":95168,"content":95169,"nodeType":883},{},[95170],{"data":95171,"marks":95172,"value":95173,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As if that wasn’t enough, let’s move on to some visual obfuscation techniques that attackers are also using.",{"data":95175,"content":95176,"nodeType":921},{},[95177],{"data":95178,"marks":95179,"value":95180,"nodeType":867},{},[],"#6 – Favicon changes",{"data":95182,"content":95183,"nodeType":883},{},[95184],{"data":95185,"marks":95186,"value":95187,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We effectively saw this earlier when speaking about HTML page title randomization. The favicon is also an easy place to look for the obvious use of vendor logos. How many legitimate websites are going to have the Microsoft logo as their favicon? If they do, they may quickly end up with a cease and desist letter!",{"data":95189,"content":95190,"nodeType":883},{},[95191],{"data":95192,"marks":95193,"value":95194,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Favicons also render at a fixed size, so if an attacker wants to ensure that the Microsoft logo appears as the favicon for their page, it gives defenders a fixed target to perform image recognition against for cloned logos. ",{"data":95196,"content":95197,"nodeType":883},{},[95198],{"data":95199,"marks":95200,"value":95201,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this phishing kit example, it looks like the authors have decided they are better off just leaving the favicon empty to avoid being vulnerable to this detection technique.",{"data":95203,"content":95207,"nodeType":892},{"target":95204},{"sys":95205},{"id":95206,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7FknWWF9ri9eZvu8Prhkd5",[],{"data":95209,"content":95210,"nodeType":921},{},[95211],{"data":95212,"marks":95213,"value":95214,"nodeType":867},{},[],"#7 – Blurred background images",{"data":95216,"content":95217,"nodeType":883},{},[95218],{"data":95219,"marks":95220,"value":95221,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ok, this is a pretty clever one. Let’s say as a defender we wanted to perform sophisticated image recognition techniques to detect websites that look visually very similar to Microsoft’s login page overall. There may be many challenges around rendering resolution etc to deal with but conceptually we could look to match on the whole page. ",{"data":95223,"content":95224,"nodeType":883},{},[95225],{"data":95226,"marks":95227,"value":95228,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, if an attacker makes a substantial visual change to the page that still appears authentic then this would prevent the technique from operating effectively. One common graphic design method used when a modal pops up is to blur the background. Some phishing kits use similar techniques on their login pages with a variety of different background images that are derived from legitimate Microsoft sources. ",{"data":95230,"content":95231,"nodeType":883},{},[95232],{"data":95233,"marks":95234,"value":95235,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first time you see this, it’s easy to think you’ve seen this a hundred times before. It just seems very familiar and authentic… except it’s not. The real login page has a blank background. Therefore, any algorithms looking for visual similarity of the overall page are not going to match because they are actually radically different. ",{"data":95237,"content":95238,"nodeType":883},{},[95239],{"data":95240,"marks":95241,"value":95242,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a trick on the human brain and the way we interpret images, not a trick on a computer vision algorithm. Take a look at the phishing example and the real Microsoft login page below:",{"data":95244,"content":95248,"nodeType":892},{"target":95245},{"sys":95246},{"id":95247,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6KnrHECqltSOgSCGHIjYEL",[],{"data":95250,"content":95254,"nodeType":892},{"target":95251},{"sys":95252},{"id":95253,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1nb6K1MyBkON2eBHk1365B",[],{"data":95256,"content":95257,"nodeType":921},{},[95258],{"data":95259,"marks":95260,"value":95261,"nodeType":867},{},[],"#8 – Logo substitution",{"data":95263,"content":95264,"nodeType":883},{},[95265],{"data":95266,"marks":95267,"value":95268,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You might have noticed one other change with the previous image – the logo that was used. We saw earlier how some phishing kits make it harder to identify individual logos within an image through DOM obfuscation techniques. However, the other approach is to substitute logos for similar ones that give a sense of authenticity to the user but are visually completely different.",{"data":95270,"content":95271,"nodeType":883},{},[95272],{"data":95273,"marks":95274,"value":95275,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, the phishing kit has chosen to use the newer purple hexagon Microsoft 365 logo in place of the standard Microsoft logo on the login page. Users will no doubt be familiar with this logo as belonging to Microsoft and so it still gives the sense of authenticity. A computer vision algorithm looking to match the original logo won’t know that though!",{"data":95277,"content":95281,"nodeType":892},{"target":95278},{"sys":95279},{"id":95280,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5o1WRmupkYPr9QmeQUf5uF",[],{"data":95283,"content":95284,"nodeType":921},{},[95285],{"data":95286,"marks":95287,"value":95288,"nodeType":867},{},[],"#9 - Sub-image obfuscation",{"data":95290,"content":95291,"nodeType":883},{},[95292],{"data":95293,"marks":95294,"value":95295,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ok, so let’s say an attacker wants to use the real logo and they’ve even used the image element obfuscation method we saw earlier to dynamically set the image as a background image for a \u003Cdiv> element. ",{"data":95297,"content":95298,"nodeType":883},{},[95299],{"data":95300,"marks":95301,"value":95302,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, it’s not impossible for these images to be isolated and analyzed. Perhaps a defender might enumerate all divs, compute the background images and analyze them all. We can see an example of using code to do this to determine the image used by a \u003Cdiv> element in a phishing kit below:",{"data":95304,"content":95308,"nodeType":892},{"target":95305},{"sys":95306},{"id":95307,"type":889,"linkType":890},"79e7r8I5p0Nh9hpqrRs9eJ",[],{"data":95310,"content":95311,"nodeType":883},{},[95312],{"data":95313,"marks":95314,"value":95315,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This gives us the base64 image data that was set as the background image. However, if we look at that image data directly we see it’s an obfuscated form of the image, even though it displays correctly when properly cropped as it’s embedded in the overall page:",{"data":95317,"content":95321,"nodeType":892},{"target":95318},{"sys":95319},{"id":95320,"type":889,"linkType":890},"jXlXRHrezWsZ27CiQIyBO",[],{"data":95323,"content":95324,"nodeType":883},{},[95325],{"data":95326,"marks":95327,"value":95328,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This makes it harder for a visual algorithm to match the logo as it’s clearly not exactly the same. Instead, careful construction of the div and related DOM has ensured that these obfuscated edge pieces do not show visually to the user.",{"data":95330,"content":95331,"nodeType":912},{},[95332],{"data":95333,"marks":95334,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":95336,"content":95337,"nodeType":883},{},[95338,95341,95348],{"data":95339,"marks":95340,"value":79900,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":95342,"content":95343,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54450},[95344],{"data":95345,"marks":95346,"value":95347,"nodeType":867},{},[],"our previous article",{"data":95349,"marks":95350,"value":95351,"nodeType":867},{},[],", we looked at a higher level set of techniques used by phishing kits to avoid detection. In this article, we’ve dived deeper into one particular strategy of breaking login page signatures and have shown how, even inside of this one strategy, there are many different sub-techniques being used to evade common detections.",{"data":95353,"content":95354,"nodeType":883},{},[95355,95359,95366],{"data":95356,"marks":95357,"value":95358,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Looking at the evasion techniques discussed here and in ",{"data":95360,"content":95361,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54450},[95362],{"data":95363,"marks":95364,"value":95365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Part 1",{"data":95367,"marks":95368,"value":95369,"nodeType":867},{},[],", it’s pretty clear that attackers are consciously looking to bypass automated detection techniques typically implemented through either web traffic analysis (using a web proxy inspection tool or Secure Web Gateway) or website sandboxing (for example link analysis provided by an email security appliance).",{"data":95371,"content":95372,"nodeType":883},{},[95373],{"data":95374,"marks":95375,"value":95376,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On a positive note, this shows us that (at least some) detection tools are trending upwards on the Pyramid of Pain — moving away from nearly pointless signatures like IP addresses and domains towards more in-depth detections of specific tool techniques. Though it’s also fair to say that, in this cat-and-mouse game, it seems the attackers are maintaining the advantage. This may be because these detection technologies are widely available, and attackers can test their kits against these tools and change them just enough to bypass them.",{"data":95378,"content":95379,"nodeType":883},{},[95380,95384,95391],{"data":95381,"marks":95382,"value":95383,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’re interested in how Push is able to detect these attacks despite all these ever evolving evasion techniques by using browser telemetry and evaluating user interaction with these kits — ",{"data":95385,"content":95386,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20162},[95387],{"data":95388,"marks":95389,"value":95390,"nodeType":867},{},[],"take a look at how we do phishing detection.",{"data":95392,"marks":95393,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":95395,"content":95399,"nodeType":892},{"target":95396},{"sys":95397},{"id":95398,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6H8HmAmYiGvs3T7kQLA4dd",[],{"data":95401,"content":95402,"nodeType":883},{},[95403],{"data":95404,"marks":95405,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How AitM phishing kits evade detection: Part 2","How attackers are breaking detection signatures designed to identify phishing sites impersonating real login pages.","2024-11-12T00:00:00.000Z","how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2",{"items":95411},[95412,95414],{"sys":95413,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":95415,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":95417},[95418],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":95419},{"url":855},{"__typename":1670,"sys":95421,"content":95423,"title":95897,"synopsis":95898,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":95899,"slug":95900,"tagsCollection":95901,"authorsCollection":95907},{"id":95422},"7yCGcUryKQGOHYHRtipn6W",{"json":95424},{"data":95425,"content":95426,"nodeType":1569},{},[95427,95434,95441,95448,95455,95462,95469,95476,95483,95490,95508,95526,95533,95540,95560,95567,95579,95622,95629,95648,95656,95663,95670,95677,95684,95691,95756,95763,95768,95775,95782,95789,95796,95815,95822,95829,95836,95843,95850,95857,95864,95871,95878,95884,95890],{"data":95428,"content":95429,"nodeType":883},{},[95430],{"data":95431,"marks":95432,"value":95433,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User web activity can be a rich source of attack detection data. To this end, most organizations today ingest some form of network traffic data for security monitoring purposes. ",{"data":95435,"content":95436,"nodeType":883},{},[95437],{"data":95438,"marks":95439,"value":95440,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Typically, network traffic data is gathered by analyzing web proxy and/or DNS logs. But, we regularly speak to organizations that are frustrated with the challenge of piecing together web traffic data, without understanding the opportunity presented by the alternatives.",{"data":95442,"content":95443,"nodeType":883},{},[95444],{"data":95445,"marks":95446,"value":95447,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even with proxies that can terminate TLS-encrypted datastreams, it’s difficult for even expert security teams to collect and analyze any meaningful data from web proxy logs. While the kind of data needed might be technically possible to extract, the process of reconstructing proxy data to analyze the specific data points that you really need, at scale, is prohibitively complicated.",{"data":95449,"content":95450,"nodeType":883},{},[95451],{"data":95452,"marks":95453,"value":95454,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The old “needle in a haystack” adage is very apt here! Rather than trying to piece together half-broken data – overlaying noisy proxy logs with other sources such as app and IdP telemetry – we think that the browser presents a much simpler way of analyzing relevant data points, particularly when it comes to identity attacks. ",{"data":95456,"content":95457,"nodeType":883},{},[95458],{"data":95459,"marks":95460,"value":95461,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Before we get on to detection opportunities in the browser, let’s take a deeper look at the web proxy situation.",{"data":95463,"content":95464,"nodeType":912},{},[95465],{"data":95466,"marks":95467,"value":95468,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detection based on web proxy – how does it work and what are the limitations?",{"data":95470,"content":95471,"nodeType":883},{},[95472],{"data":95473,"marks":95474,"value":95475,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Web proxies generate common data points that can be used for threat detection, particularly when looking for indicators of an endpoint compromise. They work by inspecting network traffic to and from the endpoint, which includes web activity in the browser. ",{"data":95477,"content":95478,"nodeType":883},{},[95479],{"data":95480,"marks":95481,"value":95482,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The classic use case would be inspecting traffic from an endpoint to networked servers and devices, either on the local network or over the internet (e.g. via VPN), to detect signs of suspicious/malicious behavior from the device (indicating a potential compromise). Data is then shipped to a central proxy server where it can be analyzed for indicators of malicious activity. ",{"data":95484,"content":95485,"nodeType":883},{},[95486],{"data":95487,"marks":95488,"value":95489,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The traditional proxy setup has a number of limitations: ",{"data":95491,"content":95492,"nodeType":1526},{},[95493],{"data":95494,"content":95495,"nodeType":1505},{},[95496],{"data":95497,"content":95498,"nodeType":883},{},[95499,95504],{"data":95500,"marks":95501,"value":95503,"nodeType":867},{},[95502],{"type":910},"The proxy needs to be in a position to intercept traffic.",{"data":95505,"marks":95506,"value":95507,"nodeType":867},{},[]," It may only be active when a user is in the office, on a VPN and/or for external web traffic only. It might not work if a user is on their home or other other Wi-Fi – e.g. when working from Starbucks, or visiting a customer site, which isn’t an ideal setup in the era of remote working.  ",{"data":95509,"content":95510,"nodeType":1526},{},[95511],{"data":95512,"content":95513,"nodeType":1505},{},[95514],{"data":95515,"content":95516,"nodeType":883},{},[95517,95522],{"data":95518,"marks":95519,"value":95521,"nodeType":867},{},[95520],{"type":910},"Most web traffic is protected by TLS – so a proxy has to decrypt this to inspect what’s inside.",{"data":95523,"marks":95524,"value":95525,"nodeType":867},{},[]," At the very least you’re going to need to deploy a CA cert to every endpoint. But, some websites use things like certificate pinning or other SSL-enforcement controls to straight up prevent this. Unless you’re doing TLS-termination at scale with a COTS solution, then the ability to do proxy-based monitoring is seriously limited. ",{"data":95527,"content":95528,"nodeType":921},{},[95529],{"data":95530,"marks":95531,"value":95532,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Proxies under the hood",{"data":95534,"content":95535,"nodeType":883},{},[95536],{"data":95537,"marks":95538,"value":95539,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s pop the hood and take a look at the data you can collect using a web proxy that is useful for threat detection. ",{"data":95541,"content":95542,"nodeType":883},{},[95543,95547,95556],{"data":95544,"marks":95545,"value":95546,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Typically, you’re looking at data points such as domain names or IP addresses. If the proxy is terminating TLS, you might also have web URLs, the type of web content accessed, and other HTTP-level metadata. Higher level data like file uploads/downloads can sometimes be reconstructed when using very vanilla methods. More advanced proxies might run or open downloaded files in a sandbox for dynamic analysis to identify potentially malicious properties, which has ",{"data":95548,"content":95550,"nodeType":878},{"uri":95549},"https://www.cyfirma.com/research/html-smuggling-a-stealthier-approach-to-deliver-malware/",[95551],{"data":95552,"marks":95553,"value":95555,"nodeType":867},{},[95554],{"type":876},"given rise to techniques like HTML smuggling",{"data":95557,"marks":95558,"value":95559,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to hide these file downloads from advanced proxies. ",{"data":95561,"content":95562,"nodeType":883},{},[95563],{"data":95564,"marks":95565,"value":95566,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In practice this means that you might see that an endpoint at IP address X accessed google.com. If it’s an authenticated proxy, you might see the user of the endpoint as well. Using this data, it’s possible to see which endpoint’s owner accessed the web domain, but not the identity/account they used, or whether they actually logged in at all. So for the majority of in-house proxy setups not doing TLS-termination… that’s it. Even then, without decrypting TLS you can’t be sure you’re seeing the actual/final domain because of technologies like domain fronting that are commonly implemented in modern CDNs. ",{"data":95568,"content":95569,"nodeType":883},{},[95570,95574],{"data":95571,"marks":95572,"value":95573,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With TLS termination, it’s possible to see a lot more by inspecting/unpacking the HTTP data. At this point there are two possible approaches: Manual analysis after the fact, or automated analysis on the fly. ",{"data":95575,"marks":95576,"value":95578,"nodeType":867},{},[95577],{"type":910},"Unfortunately, there are problems with both options. ",{"data":95580,"content":95581,"nodeType":1526},{},[95582,95602],{"data":95583,"content":95584,"nodeType":1505},{},[95585],{"data":95586,"content":95587,"nodeType":883},{},[95588,95593,95597],{"data":95589,"marks":95590,"value":95592,"nodeType":867},{},[95591],{"type":910},"There is too much HTTP data to store and manually analyze everything:",{"data":95594,"marks":95595,"value":95596,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Usually, organizations limit the data being stored to specific metadata as opposed to trying to store everything (terabytes of data per day), which would be impossibly expensive to store (and also to build the server infrastructure required to index and search it – effectively a mini-datacenter). ",{"data":95598,"marks":95599,"value":95601,"nodeType":867},{},[95600],{"type":2278},"Not to mention that storing detailed HTTP body data presents a significant security risk, as it includes valid session tokens/cookies for all your identities…  ",{"data":95603,"content":95604,"nodeType":1505},{},[95605],{"data":95606,"content":95607,"nodeType":883},{},[95608,95613,95617],{"data":95609,"marks":95610,"value":95612,"nodeType":867},{},[95611],{"type":910},"Each web app is custom, making automated analysis (virtually) impossible:",{"data":95614,"marks":95615,"value":95616,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Proxy-based solutions have to reconstruct the data after TLS encryption. HTTP data is usually stored in large application JSON/XML objects or even in totally custom encoding – per each app. This means that complex, custom code is required per each app to be able to perform automated analysis. When businesses today are using hundreds of apps on average, ",{"data":95618,"marks":95619,"value":95621,"nodeType":867},{},[95620],{"type":910},"automating this process is not feasible as it requires constant reverse engineering of every web app. ",{"data":95623,"content":95624,"nodeType":883},{},[95625],{"data":95626,"marks":95627,"value":95628,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So what does this mean? Well, even organizations with a TLS-terminating proxy are limited to manual analysis of select metadata after-the-fact, which massively reduces its utility. You could sink a day or more’s analysis into gathering a small amount of useful data, for example whether a URL was accessed, but not necessarily which device/user, or what account/creds were used to log in). This means you’re probably going to use proxy data to aid in the investigation of a known incident rather than anything proactive. ",{"data":95630,"content":95631,"nodeType":883},{},[95632,95637,95643],{"data":95633,"marks":95634,"value":95636,"nodeType":867},{},[95635],{"type":910},"It might be ",{"data":95638,"marks":95639,"value":95642,"nodeType":867},{},[95640,95641],{"type":2278},{"type":910},"theoretically",{"data":95644,"marks":95645,"value":95647,"nodeType":867},{},[95646],{"type":910}," possible to sift through decrypted HTTP data to identify and correlate identities and actions, effectively reconstructing web pages from the network traffic automatically and on the fly (in the same way that it’s theoretically possible to remove my head and transplant it onto your body), but is it practical or reasonable for most organizations to do this? No. ",{"data":95649,"content":95650,"nodeType":912},{},[95651],{"data":95652,"marks":95653,"value":95655,"nodeType":867},{},[95654],{"type":910},"Browser data: a better alternative?",{"data":95657,"content":95658,"nodeType":883},{},[95659],{"data":95660,"marks":95661,"value":95662,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One way of overcoming some of the limitations of the classic web proxy setup is to use a browser-based solution. It’s much easier to collect data at the browser level before it’s encrypted. ",{"data":95664,"content":95665,"nodeType":883},{},[95666],{"data":95667,"marks":95668,"value":95669,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A browser agent isn’t just a proxy for pre-TLS HTML data, though. In the browser, you’re able to dynamically interact with the DOM or the rendered web application, including its JS code. This makes it easy to find, for example, input fields for usernames and passwords. You can see what information the user is inputting and where, without needing to figure out how the data is encoded and sent back to the app. These are fairly generic fields that can be identified across your suite of apps without needing complex custom code. To put it in perspective, approximately 10 login cases cover the entirety of the SaaS apps we support (~1000). Using a proxy-based solution, each of these would require custom development.   ",{"data":95671,"content":95672,"nodeType":883},{},[95673],{"data":95674,"marks":95675,"value":95676,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While it's technically possible to keep track of multiple sessions for thousands of users across hundreds of apps via proxy, it’s no mean feat – made much easier when each extension is tracking one user, in one browser, and even knows the browser tab it’s running in. You also get additional context at the identity layer such as the email address, authentication protocol, and credentials used, neatly mapped to that specific user and browser profile – no more trying to link the owner of an IP address to log events!",{"data":95678,"content":95679,"nodeType":883},{},[95680],{"data":95681,"marks":95682,"value":95683,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The browser also has the added benefit of being a natural enforcement point. You can collect and analyze data dynamically, and produce an immediate response – rather than taking info away, analyzing it, and coming back with a detection minutes or hours later (and potentially prompting a manual response). ",{"data":95685,"content":95686,"nodeType":883},{},[95687],{"data":95688,"marks":95689,"value":95690,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s look at a couple of examples based on how we’re using our browser agent to detect and block identity attacks. ",{"data":95692,"content":95693,"nodeType":1526},{},[95694,95715,95735],{"data":95695,"content":95696,"nodeType":1505},{},[95697],{"data":95698,"content":95699,"nodeType":883},{},[95700,95703,95711],{"data":95701,"marks":95702,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":95704,"content":95705,"nodeType":878},{"uri":20141},[95706],{"data":95707,"marks":95708,"value":95710,"nodeType":867},{},[95709],{"type":876},"Pinning passwords to the legitimate site they are linked with",{"data":95712,"marks":95713,"value":95714,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This is made possible by interacting with the DOM to observe passwords being entered – enabling the Push agent to intercept and block before an HTTP network request can even be made. ",{"data":95716,"content":95717,"nodeType":1505},{},[95718],{"data":95719,"content":95720,"nodeType":883},{},[95721,95724,95731],{"data":95722,"marks":95723,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":95725,"content":95726,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67067},[95727],{"data":95728,"marks":95729,"value":95730,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting and blocking malicious phishing tools",{"data":95732,"marks":95733,"value":95734,"nodeType":867},{},[]," running on websites by observing behavioral attributes in the browser, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",{"data":95736,"content":95737,"nodeType":1505},{},[95738],{"data":95739,"content":95740,"nodeType":883},{},[95741,95744,95752],{"data":95742,"marks":95743,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":95745,"content":95747,"nodeType":878},{"uri":95746},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/manage-third-party-data-access/",[95748],{"data":95749,"marks":95750,"value":95751,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Observing users signing up to and using risky apps",{"data":95753,"marks":95754,"value":95755,"nodeType":867},{},[],", or changing or removing authentication methods, MFA methods, and configuration methods, which could indicate account takeover. ",{"data":95757,"content":95758,"nodeType":883},{},[95759],{"data":95760,"marks":95761,"value":95762,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s always useful to refer back to the concept of the Pyramid of Pain in these situations. The opportunities to detect and block in the browser tend to align with indicators at the apex of the pyramid, meaning they are a significant obstruction for attackers – and difficult to circumvent. This contrasts the indicators aligned with proxy-based solutions, which are much easier to bypass through, for example, IP masking using residential proxy networks, or changing the domains and URLs used for phishing campaigns.  ",{"data":95764,"content":95767,"nodeType":892},{"target":95765},{"sys":95766},{"id":82849,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":95769,"content":95770,"nodeType":883},{},[95771],{"data":95772,"marks":95773,"value":95774,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In summary: Browser data provides high-fidelity indicators of malicious activity, without the complications of proxy-based approaches. The scope for response in the browser is significant and immediate, meaning it’s a great enforcement point for security controls to be able to disrupt attacks. ",{"data":95776,"content":95777,"nodeType":912},{},[95778],{"data":95779,"marks":95780,"value":95781,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Won’t my app and IdP logs cover this?",{"data":95783,"content":95784,"nodeType":883},{},[95785],{"data":95786,"marks":95787,"value":95788,"nodeType":867},{},[],"App and IdP logs are useful (when you can get them), but neither give you the full picture. ",{"data":95790,"content":95791,"nodeType":921},{},[95792],{"data":95793,"marks":95794,"value":95795,"nodeType":867},{},[],"App logs are limited in availability, scope, and ease of ingestion ",{"data":95797,"content":95798,"nodeType":883},{},[95799,95803,95811],{"data":95800,"marks":95801,"value":95802,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When relying on app logs, you’re naturally constrained by the app provider. Many smaller apps provide no security logging, while others ",{"data":95804,"content":95805,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71238},[95806],{"data":95807,"marks":95808,"value":95810,"nodeType":867},{},[95809],{"type":876},"lock security logging behind the premium tier subscription",{"data":95812,"marks":95813,"value":95814,"nodeType":867},{},[],". When logs are available, you’re limited to the events that the third-party deems suitable to log. ",{"data":95816,"content":95817,"nodeType":883},{},[95818],{"data":95819,"marks":95820,"value":95821,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Out of the 100 most popular apps we see across our customers, and perhaps the few dozen or so that are security critical, only a small handful provide any useful logging. This means, naturally, that the majority of apps do not. ",{"data":95823,"content":95824,"nodeType":883},{},[95825],{"data":95826,"marks":95827,"value":95828,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To top it all off, the process of extracting these logs and feeding them into your SIEM (or equivalent) is also not straightforward. The lack of out-of-the-box connectors for many apps means that complex custom architectures are required for collecting data. Some vendors place constraints on the format and mechanism for extracting logs which can make ingestion difficult to feed reliable detections – even before any meaningful analysis of the data can take place. ",{"data":95830,"content":95831,"nodeType":883},{},[95832],{"data":95833,"marks":95834,"value":95835,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Until application security logs are made widely available (and at no additional cost) it’s unlikely you’re going to be able to get the visibility you need from app logs, for every app your employees use (though of course there are exceptions – and we hope to see more vendors in future treating security as a minimum requirement, not a chargeable addon). ",{"data":95837,"content":95838,"nodeType":921},{},[95839],{"data":95840,"marks":95841,"value":95842,"nodeType":867},{},[],"IdP logs cover only SSO integrated apps and are limited in scope",{"data":95844,"content":95845,"nodeType":883},{},[95846],{"data":95847,"marks":95848,"value":95849,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You might think, “but all of our business apps are behind SSO, right?” In reality, only about 1 in 3 apps support SSO (and even fewer at the ‘free’ tier). And in practice, our data shows us that only 1 in 5 apps on average are actually behind SSO per organization. The theoretical security benefit of IdP logs is that they provide context, a foundation for the user’s activity across (and between) a suite of apps. But because of the lack of coverage, this isn’t the case. ",{"data":95851,"content":95852,"nodeType":883},{},[95853],{"data":95854,"marks":95855,"value":95856,"nodeType":867},{},[],"IdP logs are naturally focused on authentication, and so don’t compensate for any gaps in app logging. Naturally, they are only able to observe what happens on the IdP side – and so are blind to client side attacks like phishing (which we’ve already shown the browser provides superior visibility of compared to typical alternatives like proxy logs).   ",{"data":95858,"content":95859,"nodeType":921},{},[95860],{"data":95861,"marks":95862,"value":95863,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Browser is best for stopping identity attacks",{"data":95865,"content":95866,"nodeType":883},{},[95867],{"data":95868,"marks":95869,"value":95870,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is where the browser comes in. Think of your browser as your source of truth, a broad data baseline for user activity where the browser provides complete context of the browser profile, employee, accounts, credentials, auth methods, and MFA types – as well as employee interaction with web sites.",{"data":95872,"content":95873,"nodeType":883},{},[95874],{"data":95875,"marks":95876,"value":95877,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The TL;DR is that your visibility in the browser is theoretically limitless. Every page loaded (and its source, javascript state, local storage), every user interaction can be observed. And best of all, this analysis is done securely in the browser and only the results of detections are reported back, rather than decrypting the entire raw traffic stream including all session data in an additional centralized system. ",{"data":95879,"content":95883,"nodeType":892},{"target":95880},{"sys":95881},{"id":95882,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5jPCGPO1tnIkoI7MKW4oUi",[],{"data":95885,"content":95886,"nodeType":912},{},[95887],{"data":95888,"marks":95889,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":95891,"content":95892,"nodeType":883},{},[95893],{"data":95894,"marks":95895,"value":95896,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As an industry, we need to start looking at browser-based detection and response as the next logical evolution to stop identity attacks. There are clear parallels with the emergence of EDR – which came about because existing endpoint log sources were not sufficient. Today, we wouldn’t dream of trying to detect and respond to endpoint-based attacks without EDR – it’s time we started thinking about cloud identity attacks and the browser in the same way.  ","The web proxy is dead… long live the browser extension!","Right now the majority of detections for identity attacks rely on web proxy telemetry. Here’s why the browser can be a better 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are getting creative with their AitM phishing toolkits, using several tricks to hide from the prying eyes of security teams and threat intelligence vendors. We decided to pick apart one toolkit to see exactly how it tries to hide its malicious intent. ",{"id":85485,"publishedAt":96210},"2026-08-12T11:55:08.899Z",{"items":96212},[96213,96215],{"sys":96214,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":96216,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":96218},[96219,96221,96223,96225,96227,96229,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239],{"sys":96220,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":96222,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":96224,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":96226,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":96228,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":96230,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":96232,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":96234,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":96236,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":96238,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":96240,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},"jHS5vkiDEsizIjfYF2kO8Pg6FqSyvcmhDBwzUIrvkrM",{"id":96243,"title":96244,"authorsCollection":96245,"content":96250,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":97633,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":97635,"metaTitle":97636,"ogImage":59,"postType":23865,"publishedDate":97637,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":97638,"slug":102014,"stem":102015,"subtitle":59,"summary":102016,"synopsis":102034,"sys":102035,"tagsCollection":102038,"topicsCollection":102044,"__hash__":102090},"blog/blog/5-reasons-why-push-security-shouldnt-exist.json","5 reasons why Push Security shouldn’t exist",{"items":96246},[96247],{"fullName":2537,"firstName":2538,"jobTitle":2539,"socialLinks":96248,"profilePicture":96249},[8558],{"url":2541},{"json":96251,"links":97611},{"data":96252,"content":96253,"nodeType":1569},{},[96254,96274,96280,96287,96294,96315,96322,96325,96332,96339,96346,96353,96439,96446,96536,96544,96551,96558,96566,96569,96576,96583,96590,96619,96652,96680,96687,96694,96724,96731,96763,96770,96798,96805,96812,96839,96851,96858,96877,96908,96920,96923,96930,96950,96962,96980,96995,97002,97020,97050,97069,97076,97083,97101,97108,97116,97119,97126,97133,97171,97179,97186,97193,97200,97285,97309,97316,97323,97335,97354,97366,97369,97376,97383,97446,97464,97469,97472,97479,97508,97515,97522,97600,97605],{"data":96255,"content":96256,"nodeType":883},{},[96257,96261,96270],{"data":96258,"marks":96259,"value":96260,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you caught ",{"data":96262,"content":96264,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96263},"https://cisoseries.com/securing-identities-in-the-cloud/",[96265],{"data":96266,"marks":96267,"value":96269,"nodeType":867},{},[96268],{"type":876},"our CEO Adam’s recent appearance on the Defense in Depth podcast",{"data":96271,"marks":96272,"value":96273,"nodeType":867},{},[]," you’ll have heard some top-tier banter between Geoff and David on the problem of identity security – and how, in Geoff’s words, “way too many people” think they’ve got it covered when it comes to identity attacks.",{"data":96275,"content":96279,"nodeType":892},{"target":96276},{"sys":96277},{"id":96278,"type":889,"linkType":890},"UcfFq2lOiMMJKaDfaNBqx",[],{"data":96281,"content":96282,"nodeType":883},{},[96283],{"data":96284,"marks":96285,"value":96286,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At Push, we’re constantly exploring the limits of controls against the latest threats. But naturally, security teams with hundreds of priorities can’t afford to dedicate the same amount of research time to this problem that we can. This means we come across a lot of common misconceptions about how controls like MFA, SSO and EDR perform against current identity attack techniques. ",{"data":96288,"content":96289,"nodeType":883},{},[96290],{"data":96291,"marks":96292,"value":96293,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These common misconceptions are severely impacting the ability of security teams to plan for, and defend against, identity-based attacks – giving attackers the window of opportunity they need to continue exploiting people and businesses. ",{"data":96295,"content":96296,"nodeType":883},{},[96297,96301,96306,96310],{"data":96298,"marks":96299,"value":96300,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, we hope that this allows you a clearer perspective when building your identity security strategy, with a realistic view of what a particular control will give you – and what it won’t. ",{"data":96302,"marks":96303,"value":96305,"nodeType":867},{},[96304],{"type":910},"That isn’t to say you should discard any of these controls; they all have an important part to play! ",{"data":96307,"marks":96308,"value":96309,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But, it’s important to be aware of their limitations to be able to build a resilient security model, ",{"data":96311,"marks":96312,"value":96314,"nodeType":867},{},[96313],{"type":910},"with strategic defense in depth to compensate for known weaknesses. ",{"data":96316,"content":96317,"nodeType":883},{},[96318],{"data":96319,"marks":96320,"value":96321,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Without further ado, here are the top reasons why Push Security shouldn’t exist. ",{"data":96323,"content":96324,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":96326,"content":96327,"nodeType":912},{},[96328],{"data":96329,"marks":96330,"value":96331,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reason 1: “Browser-based attacks aren’t a priority”",{"data":96333,"content":96334,"nodeType":883},{},[96335],{"data":96336,"marks":96337,"value":96338,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Particularly in the current economic climate, with many security teams feeling the squeeze, organizations often haven’t budgeted (mentally or financially) for a new kind of threat to factor into their modelling. ",{"data":96340,"content":96341,"nodeType":883},{},[96342],{"data":96343,"marks":96344,"value":96345,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We get it, now isn’t a great time to be tackling a new problem. Getting the budget to do the same as last year is difficult enough, never mind adding something new. ",{"data":96347,"content":96348,"nodeType":883},{},[96349],{"data":96350,"marks":96351,"value":96352,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But, there’s clear evidence that we're facing something a new kind of security problem. Modern attacks are consciously evading the network and endpoint, and are increasingly playing out entirely over the internet in the form of account takeover. ",{"data":96354,"content":96355,"nodeType":1526},{},[96356,96377,96397,96418],{"data":96357,"content":96358,"nodeType":1505},{},[96359],{"data":96360,"content":96361,"nodeType":883},{},[96362,96366,96373],{"data":96363,"marks":96364,"value":96365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stolen creds are the #1 breach vector in 79% of web app attacks (",{"data":96367,"content":96368,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67182},[96369],{"data":96370,"marks":96371,"value":7671,"nodeType":867},{},[96372],{"type":876},{"data":96374,"marks":96375,"value":96376,"nodeType":867},{},[],").  ",{"data":96378,"content":96379,"nodeType":1505},{},[96380],{"data":96381,"content":96382,"nodeType":883},{},[96383,96387,96394],{"data":96384,"marks":96385,"value":96386,"nodeType":867},{},[],"147,000 token replay attacks in 2023, 111% increase year-over-year (",{"data":96388,"content":96389,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77387},[96390],{"data":96391,"marks":96392,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[96393],{"type":876},{"data":96395,"marks":96396,"value":8624,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96398,"content":96399,"nodeType":1505},{},[96400],{"data":96401,"content":96402,"nodeType":883},{},[96403,96407,96415],{"data":96404,"marks":96405,"value":96406,"nodeType":867},{},[],"80% of attacks involve identity and compromised credentials (",{"data":96408,"content":96410,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96409},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/relentless-threat-activity-puts-identities-in-the-crosshairs/",[96411],{"data":96412,"marks":96413,"value":26362,"nodeType":867},{},[96414],{"type":876},{"data":96416,"marks":96417,"value":96376,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96419,"content":96420,"nodeType":1505},{},[96421],{"data":96422,"content":96423,"nodeType":883},{},[96424,96428,96436],{"data":96425,"marks":96426,"value":96427,"nodeType":867},{},[],"4,000 password-based attacks per second observed (",{"data":96429,"content":96431,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96430},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/security-insider/microsoft-digital-defense-report-2023",[96432],{"data":96433,"marks":96434,"value":7626,"nodeType":867},{},[96435],{"type":876},{"data":96437,"marks":96438,"value":36858,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96440,"content":96441,"nodeType":883},{},[96442],{"data":96443,"marks":96444,"value":96445,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s also telling that the cyber crime ecosystem itself seems to be leaning toward the theft, sale, and use of stolen credentials (not just emails and passwords, but session tokens too). ",{"data":96447,"content":96448,"nodeType":1526},{},[96449,96470,96492,96514],{"data":96450,"content":96451,"nodeType":1505},{},[96452],{"data":96453,"content":96454,"nodeType":883},{},[96455,96458,96466],{"data":96456,"marks":96457,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96459,"content":96460,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67182},[96461],{"data":96462,"marks":96463,"value":96465,"nodeType":867},{},[96464],{"type":876},"According to the 2024 DBIR",{"data":96467,"marks":96468,"value":96469,"nodeType":867},{},[],", more than 1000 credentials appear on criminal forums and marketplaces every day, with the majority (65%) appearing less than a day after first being discovered. ",{"data":96471,"content":96472,"nodeType":1505},{},[96473],{"data":96474,"content":96475,"nodeType":883},{},[96476,96480,96488],{"data":96477,"marks":96478,"value":96479,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In June, ",{"data":96481,"content":96482,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77755},[96483],{"data":96484,"marks":96485,"value":96487,"nodeType":867},{},[96486],{"type":876},"Troy Hunt at Have I Been Pwned (HIBP) wrote about the impact of channels like Telegram",{"data":96489,"marks":96490,"value":96491,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and the sale of combolists (username, password, login portal URL), after being sent 122GB of data scraped out of thousands of Telegram channels, containing 361M unique email addresses (of which 151M had never been seen in HIBP before). ",{"data":96493,"content":96494,"nodeType":1505},{},[96495],{"data":96496,"content":96497,"nodeType":883},{},[96498,96502,96511],{"data":96499,"marks":96500,"value":96501,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In July, ",{"data":96503,"content":96505,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96504},"https://cybernews.com/security/rockyou2024-largest-password-compilation-leak/",[96506],{"data":96507,"marks":96508,"value":96510,"nodeType":867},{},[96509],{"type":876},"10 billion passwords were leaked in the RockYou2024 compilation",{"data":96512,"marks":96513,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96515,"content":96516,"nodeType":1505},{},[96517],{"data":96518,"content":96519,"nodeType":883},{},[96520,96524,96532],{"data":96521,"marks":96522,"value":96523,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And ultimately, ",{"data":96525,"content":96526,"nodeType":878},{"uri":61458},[96527],{"data":96528,"marks":96529,"value":96531,"nodeType":867},{},[96530],{"type":876},"high-profile breaches",{"data":96533,"marks":96534,"value":96535,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of Snowflake customers, Microsoft, Okta, and others reinforce the threat behind the numbers, all of which are the result of identity attacks. ",{"data":96537,"content":96538,"nodeType":883},{},[96539],{"data":96540,"marks":96541,"value":96543,"nodeType":867},{},[96542],{"type":910},"So, if a business uses any third-party provided web applications or services, then its workforce identities are the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to pick, and the risk of account takeover should be high up on the risk register. ",{"data":96545,"content":96546,"nodeType":883},{},[96547],{"data":96548,"marks":96549,"value":96550,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Yes, it’s tough to redo budgets on the fly or rip up a five year plan. But, asymmetrical cyber TTPs have always sought to undermine the best laid plans of CISOs – attackers usually look in the places that defenders aren't. ",{"data":96552,"content":96553,"nodeType":883},{},[96554],{"data":96555,"marks":96556,"value":96557,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When looking at the evidence, is securing the identity attack surface really a lower priority than adding a CASB, CSPM, or shiny new AI tool? Even when we look at historical recurring spend on things like EDR or vulnerability management, it’s arguable that the risk of identity attacks has overtaken software-based exploits for many organizations whose traditional networks are shrinking, while their cloud app estate grows. ",{"data":96559,"content":96560,"nodeType":883},{},[96561],{"data":96562,"marks":96563,"value":96565,"nodeType":867},{},[96564],{"type":910},"It’s important to consider what’s right for your business, but the evidence shows us that securing the identity attack surface promises real risk reduction in the face of a genuine threat. ",{"data":96567,"content":96568,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":96570,"content":96571,"nodeType":912},{},[96572],{"data":96573,"marks":96574,"value":96575,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reason 2: “Our business apps are all behind SSO”",{"data":96577,"content":96578,"nodeType":883},{},[96579],{"data":96580,"marks":96581,"value":96582,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO is often seen as a utopia where each employee has a single, secure digital identity that is used to access all of their work applications. When businesses are using SSO, we usually hear:",{"data":96584,"content":96585,"nodeType":921},{},[96586],{"data":96587,"marks":96588,"value":96589,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Everything is behind SSO, there are no apps outside of it.”",{"data":96591,"content":96592,"nodeType":883},{},[96593,96597,96606,96610,96615],{"data":96594,"marks":96595,"value":96596,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unfortunately, organizations are always using more apps than they realize. The impact of ",{"data":96598,"content":96600,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96599},"https://productled.com/blog/product-led-growth-definition",[96601],{"data":96602,"marks":96603,"value":96605,"nodeType":867},{},[96604],{"type":876},"product-led growth",{"data":96607,"marks":96608,"value":96609,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on the self adoption of cloud services is well documented, and we see that ",{"data":96611,"marks":96612,"value":96614,"nodeType":867},{},[96613],{"type":910},"even SMEs typically have 100+ apps in their estate",{"data":96616,"marks":96617,"value":96618,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and the number of apps per business continues to grow year on year. ",{"data":96620,"content":96621,"nodeType":883},{},[96622,96626,96631,96635,96639,96643,96648],{"data":96623,"marks":96624,"value":96625,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, while every ",{"data":96627,"marks":96628,"value":96630,"nodeType":867},{},[96629],{"type":910},"known ",{"data":96632,"marks":96633,"value":96634,"nodeType":867},{},[],"app",{"data":96636,"marks":96637,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[96638],{"type":910},{"data":96640,"marks":96641,"value":96642,"nodeType":867},{},[],"might be behind SSO, this still leaves tens or hundreds of ",{"data":96644,"marks":96645,"value":96647,"nodeType":867},{},[96646],{"type":910},"unknown",{"data":96649,"marks":96650,"value":96651,"nodeType":867},{},[]," apps, with thousands of associated identities. ",{"data":96653,"content":96654,"nodeType":883},{},[96655,96659,96664,96668,96676],{"data":96656,"marks":96657,"value":96658,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But even if you did know about every app, the fact of the matter is ",{"data":96660,"marks":96661,"value":96663,"nodeType":867},{},[96662],{"type":910},"that fewer than 1 in 3 apps actually support SAML SSO",{"data":96665,"marks":96666,"value":96667,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and many of those ",{"data":96669,"content":96670,"nodeType":878},{"uri":58956},[96671],{"data":96672,"marks":96673,"value":96675,"nodeType":867},{},[96674],{"type":876},"only at the premium tier",{"data":96677,"marks":96678,"value":96679,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Our data shows that the proportion of apps actually behind SSO is even lower, at 1 in 5. So getting everything behind SSO just isn’t a realistic goal for any organization. ",{"data":96681,"content":96682,"nodeType":921},{},[96683],{"data":96684,"marks":96685,"value":96686,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Everything important is behind SSO, and the apps that aren’t don’t pose a risk.” ",{"data":96688,"content":96689,"nodeType":883},{},[96690],{"data":96691,"marks":96692,"value":96693,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s often a view that if it wasn’t centrally procured, IT wasn’t involved, and it’s not behind SSO, then it’s just not a concern. But apps can have complex integrations and permissions that increase the potential blast radius of an app compromise. ",{"data":96695,"content":96696,"nodeType":883},{},[96697,96701,96709,96713,96720],{"data":96698,"marks":96699,"value":96700,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve published ",{"data":96702,"content":96703,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[96704],{"data":96705,"marks":96706,"value":96708,"nodeType":867},{},[96707],{"type":876},"extensive research on SaaS-native attack techniques",{"data":96710,"marks":96711,"value":96712,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and documented many of the scenarios in which attackers can expand from hijacking a single SaaS app with a small number of users into a larger-scale compromise, for example through ",{"data":96714,"content":96715,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1142},[96716],{"data":96717,"marks":96718,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[96719],{"type":876},{"data":96721,"marks":96722,"value":96723,"nodeType":867},{},[],": Modifying SAML for a compromised app to redirect users to a malicious domain during the authentication process that proxies a legitimate authentication service (e.g. Google, Okta or Microsoft) – effectively acting as a watering hole for further credential harvesting. ",{"data":96725,"content":96726,"nodeType":883},{},[96727],{"data":96728,"marks":96729,"value":96730,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Also, the value of an app is not necessarily tied to the number of users it has in the business. A sales and marketing app can contain huge amounts of sensitive data, as can developer apps – just look at Snowflake! It only takes a single account to be created, a single integration to be set up, to result in a major data breach down the line. ",{"data":96732,"content":96733,"nodeType":883},{},[96734,96738,96747,96750,96759],{"data":96735,"marks":96736,"value":96737,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can check out our ",{"data":96739,"content":96741,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96740},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/",[96742],{"data":96743,"marks":96744,"value":96746,"nodeType":867},{},[96745],{"type":876},"blog page",{"data":96748,"marks":96749,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96751,"content":96753,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96752},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZIQd_0v9sE&t=12s",[96754],{"data":96755,"marks":96756,"value":96758,"nodeType":867},{},[96757],{"type":876},"watch one of our videos",{"data":96760,"marks":96761,"value":96762,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for more information.   ",{"data":96764,"content":96765,"nodeType":921},{},[96766],{"data":96767,"marks":96768,"value":96769,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins: A nightmare for SSO, dreamy for attackers",{"data":96771,"content":96772,"nodeType":883},{},[96773,96777,96782,96786,96794],{"data":96774,"marks":96775,"value":96776,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You might already be feeling a bit deflated that SSO isn’t going to give you everything you wanted, and we’re sorry to be the bearer of bad news. Unfortunately, ",{"data":96778,"marks":96779,"value":96781,"nodeType":867},{},[96780],{"type":910},"even if you are using SSO, additional login methods can still exist alongside SSO",{"data":96783,"marks":96784,"value":96785,"nodeType":867},{},[],". We call these ",{"data":96787,"content":96788,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[96789],{"data":96790,"marks":96791,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[96792,96793],{"type":876},{"type":910},{"data":96795,"marks":96796,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[96797],{"type":910},{"data":96799,"content":96800,"nodeType":883},{},[96801],{"data":96802,"marks":96803,"value":96804,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ghost logins are effectively any alternative login method. In addition to SSO, you could have a local password, a social login (e.g., login with Google, Facebook, etc.), backup emails, or API-based login methods. ",{"data":96806,"content":96807,"nodeType":883},{},[96808],{"data":96809,"marks":96810,"value":96811,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Multiple methods are often enabled by default and need to be explicitly disabled at the app level. Further, migrating an existing app to SSO doesn’t automatically remove local accounts, but effectively adds an SSO layer on top. ",{"data":96813,"content":96814,"nodeType":883},{},[96815,96819,96824,96828,96836],{"data":96816,"marks":96817,"value":96818,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The final problem here is that because MFA is applied separately at the app level and SSO level, ",{"data":96820,"marks":96821,"value":96823,"nodeType":867},{},[96822],{"type":910},"you can have local logins without MFA, at the same time as SSO logins with MFA — that can be used concurrently.",{"data":96825,"marks":96826,"value":96827,"nodeType":867},{},[]," This was acutely felt during the recent Snowflake breaches, ",{"data":96829,"content":96830,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80413},[96831],{"data":96832,"marks":96833,"value":96835,"nodeType":867},{},[96834],{"type":876},"where in-app identification and disabling of non-SSO logins proved to be particularly error-prone",{"data":96837,"marks":96838,"value":37381,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96840,"content":96841,"nodeType":883},{},[96842,96846],{"data":96843,"marks":96844,"value":96845,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The result here is that credential stuffing attacks can still prove successful against your SSO-joined apps if local logins exist, and MFA hasn’t been specifically set at the app level. ",{"data":96847,"marks":96848,"value":96850,"nodeType":867},{},[96849],{"type":910},"And unless you’ve specifically disabled them and unset every non-SSO login for every app, they probably do. ",{"data":96852,"content":96853,"nodeType":921},{},[96854],{"data":96855,"marks":96856,"value":96857,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The verdict: SSO is great, but it's no silver bullet",{"data":96859,"content":96860,"nodeType":883},{},[96861,96865,96873],{"data":96862,"marks":96863,"value":96864,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While SSO is invariably a beneficial security control, ",{"data":96866,"content":96868,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96867},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you/#id-how-can-ghost-logins-be-abused-by-attackers_id-ghost-logins-for-persistence-and-defense-evasion",[96869],{"data":96870,"marks":96871,"value":96872,"nodeType":867},{},[],"attackers can also naturally exploit it to gain access to a large number of downstream applications",{"data":96874,"marks":96875,"value":96876,"nodeType":867},{},[],". If you compromise an IdP account like Okta, you can then access any connected app, often without requiring any further authentication.",{"data":96878,"content":96879,"nodeType":883},{},[96880,96884,96893,96896,96905],{"data":96881,"marks":96882,"value":96883,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve seen this recently, with an ",{"data":96885,"content":96887,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96886},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/okta-warns-of-unprecedented-credential-stuffing-attacks-on-customers/",[96888],{"data":96889,"marks":96890,"value":96892,"nodeType":867},{},[96891],{"type":876},"unprecedented spike in credential stuffing attacks reported by Okta",{"data":96894,"marks":96895,"value":85650,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96897,"content":96899,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96898},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/okta-warns-of-credential-stuffing-attacks-targeting-its-cors-feature/",[96900],{"data":96901,"marks":96902,"value":96904,"nodeType":867},{},[96903],{"type":876},"attacks looking to exploit Okta’s CORS feature",{"data":96906,"marks":96907,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96909,"content":96910,"nodeType":883},{},[96911,96916],{"data":96912,"marks":96913,"value":96915,"nodeType":867},{},[96914],{"type":910},"Ultimately, the promised land of a 1:1 employee to identity ratio just isn’t realistic. ",{"data":96917,"marks":96918,"value":96919,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So while SSO is a big part of the solution to identity attacks, it’s not a silver bullet.   ",{"data":96921,"content":96922,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":96924,"content":96925,"nodeType":912},{},[96926],{"data":96927,"marks":96928,"value":96929,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reason 3: “We’ve got MFA deployed everywhere”",{"data":96931,"content":96932,"nodeType":883},{},[96933,96937,96946],{"data":96934,"marks":96935,"value":96936,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft famously stated that ",{"data":96938,"content":96940,"nodeType":878},{"uri":96939},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/security-insider/microsoft-digital-defense-report-2023#:~:text=Outlier%20attacks%20make%20up%20just,of%20compromise%20by%2099.2%20percent.",[96941],{"data":96942,"marks":96943,"value":96945,"nodeType":867},{},[96944],{"type":876},"MFA reduces the risk of compromise by 99.2%",{"data":96947,"marks":96948,"value":96949,"nodeType":867},{},[],". But this doesn’t mean that it stops 99% of attacks. Or, that it should make up 99% of your defense. ",{"data":96951,"content":96952,"nodeType":883},{},[96953,96957],{"data":96954,"marks":96955,"value":96956,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MFA unarguably raises the bar for attackers, even if that bar is still pretty low. Naturally, accounts without MFA are an easier target. ",{"data":96958,"marks":96959,"value":96961,"nodeType":867},{},[96960],{"type":910},"But the problem is that MFA isn’t an enterprise-wide castle wall. It’s more like a row of hurdles with gaps in-between. ",{"data":96963,"content":96964,"nodeType":883},{},[96965,96969,96977],{"data":96966,"marks":96967,"value":96968,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MFA is usually handled separately at the SSO level and app level. For apps that are self-adopted by end users, they can't be relied on to add in a security control that will introduce friction to their user experience. Building on the aforementioned ghost logins, even if MFA is adopted at the SSO level, local logins can exist without MFA unless also applied at the app level. ",{"data":96970,"content":96971,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80413},[96972],{"data":96973,"marks":96974,"value":96976,"nodeType":867},{},[96975],{"type":876},"The recent Snowflake breach is a perfect example of this problem",{"data":96978,"marks":96979,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96981,"content":96982,"nodeType":883},{},[96983,96987,96992],{"data":96984,"marks":96985,"value":96986,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because of this, ",{"data":96988,"marks":96989,"value":96991,"nodeType":867},{},[96990],{"type":910},"we find that only around 1 in 3 identities actually have MFA enabled",{"data":96993,"marks":96994,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":96996,"content":96997,"nodeType":921},{},[96998],{"data":96999,"marks":97000,"value":97001,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\"MFA protects us against phishing attacks\"",{"data":97003,"content":97004,"nodeType":883},{},[97005,97009,97016],{"data":97006,"marks":97007,"value":97008,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even where MFA is deployed, most MFA methods are proven to be phishable or otherwise bypassable. SMS and push-based MFA are susceptible to well known bypasses including SIM swapping and ",{"data":97010,"content":97011,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7148},[97012],{"data":97013,"marks":97014,"value":7153,"nodeType":867},{},[97015],{"type":876},{"data":97017,"marks":97018,"value":97019,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attacks. TOTP is a little better, but still vulnerable. ",{"data":97021,"content":97022,"nodeType":883},{},[97023,97027,97035,97039,97047],{"data":97024,"marks":97025,"value":97026,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many attacks are simply cutting out the middleman and focusing on ",{"data":97028,"content":97029,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71153},[97030],{"data":97031,"marks":97032,"value":97034,"nodeType":867},{},[97033],{"type":876},"using stolen session tokens",{"data":97036,"marks":97037,"value":97038,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to bypass MFA. The most common method for this is via infostealers, which typically scrape all credentials (e.g. usernames, passwords, login pages, session tokens) as well as other information stored in the browser of an infected device. ",{"data":97040,"content":97041,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63719},[97042],{"data":97043,"marks":97044,"value":97046,"nodeType":867},{},[97045],{"type":876},"Infostealers played a major role in the recent Snowflake breach",{"data":97048,"marks":97049,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97051,"content":97052,"nodeType":883},{},[97053,97057,97065],{"data":97054,"marks":97055,"value":97056,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Additionally, ",{"data":97058,"content":97059,"nodeType":878},{"uri":8337},[97060],{"data":97061,"marks":97062,"value":97064,"nodeType":867},{},[97063],{"type":876},"modern phishing techniques like adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) and browser-in-the-middle (BitM)",{"data":97066,"marks":97067,"value":97068,"nodeType":867},{},[]," see the attacker steal the live session and associated tokens from the victim, with the victim prompted to complete the MFA process as part of the attack. ",{"data":97070,"content":97071,"nodeType":921},{},[97072],{"data":97073,"marks":97074,"value":97075,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“We’re using passkeys”",{"data":97077,"content":97078,"nodeType":883},{},[97079],{"data":97080,"marks":97081,"value":97082,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Great! Passkey users are in a better position than 99% of other businesses. Passkeys are widely accepted to be phishing resistant – at least for now, although as more businesses use them, new ways of getting around them will no doubt be discovered by attackers. ",{"data":97084,"content":97085,"nodeType":883},{},[97086,97090,97098],{"data":97087,"marks":97088,"value":97089,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But, MFA downgrade attacks are possible. There are often backup MFA methods set that can be selected by canceling the authentication prompt and selecting a different method. Even when these aren’t selectable, ",{"data":97091,"content":97092,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37371},[97093],{"data":97094,"marks":97095,"value":97097,"nodeType":867},{},[97096],{"type":876},"researchers have demonstrated ways of downgrading authentication to use a phishable method",{"data":97099,"marks":97100,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97102,"content":97103,"nodeType":883},{},[97104],{"data":97105,"marks":97106,"value":97107,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most apps are designed primarily for user flexibility, not security. And backup methods have a legitimate use-case – what if the authenticator device is lost or stops working? If passkeys are the only authentication method, you just got locked out of all of your accounts. But at least no hackers can access them either, right?",{"data":97109,"content":97110,"nodeType":883},{},[97111],{"data":97112,"marks":97113,"value":97115,"nodeType":867},{},[97114],{"type":910},"Like SSO, unless backup MFA methods are disabled for all identities and apps, and all users have enabled MFA across all their accounts and login methods, this isn’t a silver bullet either.  ",{"data":97117,"content":97118,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":97120,"content":97121,"nodeType":912},{},[97122],{"data":97123,"marks":97124,"value":97125,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reason 4: “We’ve got anti-phishing controls already”",{"data":97127,"content":97128,"nodeType":883},{},[97129],{"data":97130,"marks":97131,"value":97132,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identity attacks have evolved significantly in recent years, as have the environments being targeted by attackers with the shift to cloud services and decentralized business IT. Unfortunately, traditional anti-phishing controls weren’t designed for this reality. ",{"data":97134,"content":97135,"nodeType":1526},{},[97136,97156],{"data":97137,"content":97138,"nodeType":1505},{},[97139],{"data":97140,"content":97141,"nodeType":883},{},[97142,97147,97152],{"data":97143,"marks":97144,"value":97146,"nodeType":867},{},[97145],{"type":910},"A",{"data":97148,"marks":97149,"value":97151,"nodeType":867},{},[97150],{"type":910},"ttacks used to be focused on a single VPN/webmail endpoint ",{"data":97153,"marks":97154,"value":97155,"nodeType":867},{},[],"that was naturally easier to protect than 100+ SaaS apps (especially if the security team isn’t even aware of them). Attackers now have 1000s of sprawled identities to target per enterprise, increasing the chance that weak or reused passwords will be found. ",{"data":97157,"content":97158,"nodeType":1505},{},[97159],{"data":97160,"content":97161,"nodeType":883},{},[97162,97167],{"data":97163,"marks":97164,"value":97166,"nodeType":867},{},[97165],{"type":910},"Likewise, security teams only needed to care about a small set of credentials ",{"data":97168,"marks":97169,"value":97170,"nodeType":867},{},[],"relating to user directory accounts and VPN/remote access tooling used to tunnel into the corporate network. Now, business functions and data are dispersed across cloud apps rather than being neatly contained in on-prem apps and databases.",{"data":97172,"content":97173,"nodeType":883},{},[97174],{"data":97175,"marks":97176,"value":97178,"nodeType":867},{},[97177],{"type":910},"Now, attackers have more platforms on which to phish your users, more credentials to choose from, and more apps to spray them across, while security teams have a much larger surface to defend.",{"data":97180,"content":97181,"nodeType":921},{},[97182],{"data":97183,"marks":97184,"value":97185,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“Our email and content filtering controls stop phishing attacks”",{"data":97187,"content":97188,"nodeType":883},{},[97189],{"data":97190,"marks":97191,"value":97192,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Existing phishing prevention solutions have tried to solve the problem by protecting the inbox, a common (but not the only) attack vector, or by blocking lists of known-bad domains. ",{"data":97194,"content":97195,"nodeType":883},{},[97196],{"data":97197,"marks":97198,"value":97199,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But, these approaches have major shortcomings:",{"data":97201,"content":97202,"nodeType":1526},{},[97203,97243,97258],{"data":97204,"content":97205,"nodeType":1505},{},[97206],{"data":97207,"content":97208,"nodeType":883},{},[97209,97214,97218,97227,97230,97239],{"data":97210,"marks":97211,"value":97213,"nodeType":867},{},[97212],{"type":910},"Incomplete coverage: ",{"data":97215,"marks":97216,"value":97217,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Email-based phishing prevention tools can catch general spray-and-pray email phishing campaigns, but it only takes a small amount of tailoring to fly under their radar. The use of LLM tools to tailor phishing emails for their intended victims already makes this possible at scale. Email-based tools also fail to cover phishing attacks beyond the inbox, such as ",{"data":97219,"content":97221,"nodeType":878},{"uri":97220},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/slack-phishing-for-initial-access/",[97222],{"data":97223,"marks":97224,"value":97226,"nodeType":867},{},[97225],{"type":876},"Slack",{"data":97228,"marks":97229,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97231,"content":97233,"nodeType":878},{"uri":97232},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-microsoft-teams-for-initial-access/",[97234],{"data":97235,"marks":97236,"value":97238,"nodeType":867},{},[97237],{"type":876},"Teams",{"data":97240,"marks":97241,"value":97242,"nodeType":867},{},[]," phishing.",{"data":97244,"content":97245,"nodeType":1505},{},[97246],{"data":97247,"content":97248,"nodeType":883},{},[97249,97254],{"data":97250,"marks":97251,"value":97253,"nodeType":867},{},[97252],{"type":910},"Expired intel: ",{"data":97255,"marks":97256,"value":97257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Tools that rely on known-bad domains always have an incomplete picture because a domain must be reported as malicious in order to get added to a blocklist. Meanwhile, attackers can spin up new sites or host phishing pages on existing sites by exploiting vulnerabilities in them, bypassing rules around preventing visits to newly registered domains. It’s like trying to hit a moving target.",{"data":97259,"content":97260,"nodeType":1505},{},[97261],{"data":97262,"content":97263,"nodeType":883},{},[97264,97269,97273,97281],{"data":97265,"marks":97266,"value":97268,"nodeType":867},{},[97267],{"type":910},"Web-based obfuscation: ",{"data":97270,"marks":97271,"value":97272,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacker tools and malicious implants running on webpages are constantly evolving to evade fingerprinting, and attackers are using techniques like ",{"data":97274,"content":97275,"nodeType":878},{"uri":95549},[97276],{"data":97277,"marks":97278,"value":97280,"nodeType":867},{},[97279],{"type":876},"HTML smuggling",{"data":97282,"marks":97283,"value":97284,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to get around web-based controls put in place by developers. ",{"data":97286,"content":97287,"nodeType":883},{},[97288,97292,97297,97301,97306],{"data":97289,"marks":97290,"value":97291,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even if these controls are sometimes successful, attackers have reliably demonstrated ways to get around them, ",{"data":97293,"marks":97294,"value":97296,"nodeType":867},{},[97295],{"type":910},"it really is a cat-and-mouse game at this point",{"data":97298,"marks":97299,"value":97300,"nodeType":867},{},[],". There usually needs to be a compromise before the attacker's infrastructure or tooling can be tagged and blocked, but ",{"data":97302,"marks":97303,"value":97305,"nodeType":867},{},[97304],{"type":910},"they evolve so rapidly that defenders are always one step behind",{"data":97307,"marks":97308,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97310,"content":97311,"nodeType":921},{},[97312],{"data":97313,"marks":97314,"value":97315,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“All our employees use a password manager”",{"data":97317,"content":97318,"nodeType":883},{},[97319],{"data":97320,"marks":97321,"value":97322,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Password managers are increasingly necessary due to the large number of credentials that users now have to juggle. Since the majority of apps don’t support SAML SSO, the need for separate credentials per app isn’t going away any time soon. ",{"data":97324,"content":97325,"nodeType":883},{},[97326,97330],{"data":97327,"marks":97328,"value":97329,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We often find 2 or more password managers in use per organization (not exactly optimal), but despite increased password manager adoption we see consistently high levels of password reuse, ",{"data":97331,"marks":97332,"value":97334,"nodeType":867},{},[97333],{"type":910},"with 1 in 3 users reusing passwords – including their sensitive IdP credentials. ",{"data":97336,"content":97337,"nodeType":883},{},[97338,97342,97350],{"data":97339,"marks":97340,"value":97341,"nodeType":867},{},[],"High levels of password reuse shows us that password managers don’t automatically result in secure employee behaviors, while widespread credential reuse significantly increases exposure to ",{"data":97343,"content":97344,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77006},[97345],{"data":97346,"marks":97347,"value":97349,"nodeType":867},{},[97348],{"type":876},"credential stuffing attacks",{"data":97351,"marks":97352,"value":97353,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where attackers spray known username and password combinations across a range of app login pages.  ",{"data":97355,"content":97356,"nodeType":883},{},[97357,97362],{"data":97358,"marks":97359,"value":97361,"nodeType":867},{},[97360],{"type":910},"Generally, businesses have very limited visibility into employee password data",{"data":97363,"marks":97364,"value":97365,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to be able to enforce good practice or accurately respond to data breaches involving credential dumps, even if employees are using a password manager (or several, as the case may be).  ",{"data":97367,"content":97368,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":97370,"content":97371,"nodeType":912},{},[97372],{"data":97373,"marks":97374,"value":97375,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reason 5: “We’ve got all the security data we need”",{"data":97377,"content":97378,"nodeType":883},{},[97379],{"data":97380,"marks":97381,"value":97382,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Organizations looking to protect themselves from modern identity attacks suffer from a pretty substantial telemetry gap. ",{"data":97384,"content":97385,"nodeType":1526},{},[97386,97401,97416,97431],{"data":97387,"content":97388,"nodeType":1505},{},[97389],{"data":97390,"content":97391,"nodeType":883},{},[97392,97397],{"data":97393,"marks":97394,"value":97396,"nodeType":867},{},[97395],{"type":910},"Endpoint logs ",{"data":97398,"marks":97399,"value":97400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"won’t show anything meaningful because most identity attacks don’t need to target the endpoint – no malware is deployed, everything happens in the browser, over the internet. ",{"data":97402,"content":97403,"nodeType":1505},{},[97404],{"data":97405,"content":97406,"nodeType":883},{},[97407,97412],{"data":97408,"marks":97409,"value":97411,"nodeType":867},{},[97410],{"type":910},"Application logs",{"data":97413,"marks":97414,"value":97415,"nodeType":867},{},[]," are limited in availability, scope, and ease of ingestion, with most app vendors providing substandard logging, and requiring complex custom integrations to get what little data is available. ",{"data":97417,"content":97418,"nodeType":1505},{},[97419],{"data":97420,"content":97421,"nodeType":883},{},[97422,97427],{"data":97423,"marks":97424,"value":97426,"nodeType":867},{},[97425],{"type":910},"Network logs",{"data":97428,"marks":97429,"value":97430,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (such as via web proxy) struggle to gather and piece together identity data points at-scale, across different apps, due to the sheer volume and broken format of the data post-TLS-termination. ",{"data":97432,"content":97433,"nodeType":1505},{},[97434],{"data":97435,"content":97436,"nodeType":883},{},[97437,97442],{"data":97438,"marks":97439,"value":97441,"nodeType":867},{},[97440],{"type":910},"Identity provider logs",{"data":97443,"marks":97444,"value":97445,"nodeType":867},{},[]," naturally only cover SSO integrated apps (and therefore don’t cover ⅔ of your business apps) and look exclusively at authentication, and so are blind to client side attacks like phishing. ",{"data":97447,"content":97448,"nodeType":883},{},[97449,97453,97461],{"data":97450,"marks":97451,"value":97452,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unless you’re ingesting data from a browser-based solution like Push, it’s unlikely you have a full monitoring visibility of your identity attack surface. ",{"data":97454,"content":97455,"nodeType":878},{"uri":38264},[97456],{"data":97457,"marks":97458,"value":97460,"nodeType":867},{},[97459],{"type":876},"Read more on the value of browser telemetry here. ",{"data":97462,"marks":97463,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97465,"content":97468,"nodeType":892},{"target":97466},{"sys":97467},{"id":95882,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":97470,"content":97471,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":97473,"content":97474,"nodeType":912},{},[97475],{"data":97476,"marks":97477,"value":97478,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Maybe there’s a reason for Push to exist after all!",{"data":97480,"content":97481,"nodeType":883},{},[97482,97487,97491,97496,97499,97504],{"data":97483,"marks":97484,"value":97486,"nodeType":867},{},[97485],{"type":910},"The key takeaway here is that there are no quick fixes or silver bullets. ",{"data":97488,"marks":97489,"value":97490,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Things like SSO, MFA, and password managers are all part of the solution, ",{"data":97492,"marks":97493,"value":97495,"nodeType":867},{},[97494],{"type":910},"but",{"data":97497,"marks":97498,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97500,"marks":97501,"value":97503,"nodeType":867},{},[97502],{"type":910},"aren’t set-and-forget controls",{"data":97505,"marks":97506,"value":97507,"nodeType":867},{},[],". They need to be continually monitored and maintained to ensure they remain effective.",{"data":97509,"content":97510,"nodeType":883},{},[97511],{"data":97512,"marks":97513,"value":97514,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push stops identity attacks by continually finding and fixing identity vulnerabilities, providing deep context to manage the identity attack surface without looking through blinkers at the IdP or individual apps. ",{"data":97516,"content":97517,"nodeType":883},{},[97518],{"data":97519,"marks":97520,"value":97521,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push helps businesses to get the most out of their identity controls (and bridge the gaps they leave) by:",{"data":97523,"content":97524,"nodeType":1526},{},[97525,97540,97555,97570,97585],{"data":97526,"content":97527,"nodeType":1505},{},[97528],{"data":97529,"content":97530,"nodeType":883},{},[97531,97536],{"data":97532,"marks":97533,"value":97535,"nodeType":867},{},[97534],{"type":910},"Locating all business apps",{"data":97537,"marks":97538,"value":97539,"nodeType":867},{},[],", not just those plugged into your IdP, so they can be put behind SSO (where possible) or at least securely managed and configured.",{"data":97541,"content":97542,"nodeType":1505},{},[97543],{"data":97544,"content":97545,"nodeType":883},{},[97546,97551],{"data":97547,"marks":97548,"value":97550,"nodeType":867},{},[97549],{"type":910},"Identifying all workforce identities, associated login types, and MFA methods",{"data":97552,"marks":97553,"value":97554,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to more clearly pinpoint gaps, harden identities, and remediate vulnerabilities like ghost logins.",{"data":97556,"content":97557,"nodeType":1505},{},[97558],{"data":97559,"content":97560,"nodeType":883},{},[97561,97566],{"data":97562,"marks":97563,"value":97565,"nodeType":867},{},[97564],{"type":910},"Stopping account takeover attempts",{"data":97567,"marks":97568,"value":97569,"nodeType":867},{},[]," by detecting and blocking AitM and BitM phishing toolkits running on webpages, blocking sensitive credential reuse to prevent credential phishing, and identifying stolen sessions running in attacker browsers. ",{"data":97571,"content":97572,"nodeType":1505},{},[97573],{"data":97574,"content":97575,"nodeType":883},{},[97576,97581],{"data":97577,"marks":97578,"value":97580,"nodeType":867},{},[97579],{"type":910},"Preventing password-based attacks",{"data":97582,"marks":97583,"value":97584,"nodeType":867},{},[]," by detecting the use of weak, reused, and breached passwords across the app estate.  ",{"data":97586,"content":97587,"nodeType":1505},{},[97588],{"data":97589,"content":97590,"nodeType":883},{},[97591,97596],{"data":97592,"marks":97593,"value":97595,"nodeType":867},{},[97594],{"type":910},"Providing unique telemetry in the browser",{"data":97597,"marks":97598,"value":97599,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to build both proactive and reactive security operations workflows, or add missing context to other data sources, such as IdP, application, or endpoint logs.",{"data":97601,"content":97604,"nodeType":892},{"target":97602},{"sys":97603},{"id":77198,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":97606,"content":97607,"nodeType":883},{},[97608],{"data":97609,"marks":97610,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":97612},{"hyperlink":97613,"inline":97614,"block":97615},[],[],[97616,97623,97631],{"sys":97617,"__typename":1584,"title":97618,"caption":97619,"layoutMode":59,"file":97620},{"id":96278},"Nobody has any identity problems, right?","Push Security’s cheekiest advisor, Geoff Belknap.",{"url":97621,"width":97622,"height":97622},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/28qcLq225o8kusjQQQUnCC/98b10fe4f9e6916eb7657f60ab869062/Geoff_Ad__1_.png",1210,{"sys":97624,"__typename":1584,"title":97625,"caption":97626,"layoutMode":59,"file":97627},{"id":95882},"Telemetry comparison table","The browser presents a significant advantage over other sources of identity attack data.",{"url":97628,"width":97629,"height":97630},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4feAEpfP6tetyTjcLIopwG/5bec8c8c10e6e328ebe258bc59bc3cb6/Frame_627570__7_.png",2444,894,{"sys":97632,"__typename":1577,"type":56895,"ctaText":77223,"buttonLabel":77224,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":59},{"id":77198},{"items":97634},[],{},"Tackling common browser & identity security misconceptions","2024-07-11T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":97639},[97640,100595,101284],{"__typename":1670,"sys":97641,"content":97642,"title":100581,"synopsis":100582,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":100583,"slug":100584,"tagsCollection":100585,"authorsCollection":100591},{"id":79664},{"json":97643},{"data":97644,"content":97645,"nodeType":1569},{},[97646,97653,97685,97692,97698,97705,97725,97748,97755,97762,97786,97802,97809,97821,97828,97831,97838,97845,97861,97873,97884,97914,97917,97924,97942,97949,97957,98049,98056,98192,98199,98317,98324,98331,98502,98509,98516,98599,98602,98609,98616,98623,98686,98693,98726,98733,98776,98782,98788,99021,99027,99035,99042,99045,99052,99059,99066,99119,99126,99169,99176,99209,99215,99221,99387,99393,99401,99408,99416,99423,99431,99438,99441,99448,99455,99462,99525,99532,99565,99572,99605,99611,99617,99723,99726,99733,99740,99747,99810,99817,99850,99857,99890,99896,99902,100076,100079,100086,100093,100100,100173,100180,100213,100220,100253,100259,100265,100495,100498,100505,100512,100519,100526,100529,100536,100543,100550,100553,100560,100567,100574],{"data":97647,"content":97648,"nodeType":912},{},[97649],{"data":97650,"marks":97651,"value":97652,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Browser-based Identity attacks on the rise?",{"data":97654,"content":97655,"nodeType":883},{},[97656,97660,97669,97673,97682],{"data":97657,"marks":97658,"value":97659,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identity has been recorded as the #1 cyber attack vector since forever. You don’t have to look particularly hard to find statistics to support this. In 2023, one source reports that ",{"data":97661,"content":97663,"nodeType":878},{"uri":97662},"https://www.csoonline.com/article/648894/identity-based-security-threats-are-growing-rapidly-report.html",[97664],{"data":97665,"marks":97666,"value":97668,"nodeType":867},{},[97667],{"type":876},"4/5 breaches involved identity and compromised credentials",{"data":97670,"marks":97671,"value":97672,"nodeType":867},{},[],", while another suggests that ",{"data":97674,"content":97676,"nodeType":878},{"uri":97675},"https://rakgarg.substack.com/p/identity-crisis-the-biggest-prize",[97677],{"data":97678,"marks":97679,"value":97681,"nodeType":867},{},[97680],{"type":876},"75% of breaches are caused by mismanaged identity, access, or privileges",{"data":97683,"marks":97684,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97686,"content":97687,"nodeType":883},{},[97688],{"data":97689,"marks":97690,"value":97691,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing, social engineering, credential stuffing, and business email compromise have morphed into a homogenous understanding of identity threats that are generally tackled through a combination of email security tooling, content access controls, and user awareness. ",{"data":97693,"content":97697,"nodeType":892},{"target":97694},{"sys":97695},{"id":97696,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5NRWvCl0xsoWcpgHbcQIkf",[],{"data":97699,"content":97700,"nodeType":883},{},[97701],{"data":97702,"marks":97703,"value":97704,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The fact that such attacks have been reported as the top security threat for so long probably means that people pay less attention to identity threats. Ransomware grabs the headlines, and rightly so in many cases, but phishing feels like a “known known” that we have a plan for (even if the plan often fails). ",{"data":97706,"content":97707,"nodeType":883},{},[97708,97712,97721],{"data":97709,"marks":97710,"value":97711,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In fact, there’s a problem with messaging generally. The ",{"data":97713,"content":97715,"nodeType":878},{"uri":97714},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/T78/reports/data-breach-investigation-report_2015.pdf",[97716],{"data":97717,"marks":97718,"value":97720,"nodeType":867},{},[97719],{"type":876},"2015 Verizon DBIR",{"data":97722,"marks":97723,"value":97724,"nodeType":867},{},[]," contains plenty of stats that still ring largely true today. For example:",{"data":97726,"content":97727,"nodeType":1526},{},[97728,97738],{"data":97729,"content":97730,"nodeType":1505},{},[97731],{"data":97732,"content":97733,"nodeType":883},{},[97734],{"data":97735,"marks":97736,"value":97737,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the 2013 DBIR, phishing was associated with over 95% of incidents attributed to state sponsored actors, and for two years running, more than two-thirds of incidents have featured phishing",{"data":97739,"content":97740,"nodeType":1505},{},[97741],{"data":97742,"content":97743,"nodeType":883},{},[97744],{"data":97745,"marks":97746,"value":97747,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In 60% of cases, attackers are able to compromise an organization within minutes",{"data":97749,"content":97750,"nodeType":883},{},[97751],{"data":97752,"marks":97753,"value":97754,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Remove the dates and a lot of the report still stands up. ",{"data":97756,"content":97757,"nodeType":921},{},[97758],{"data":97759,"marks":97760,"value":97761,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Bad then, worse now",{"data":97763,"content":97764,"nodeType":883},{},[97765,97769,97774,97778,97783],{"data":97766,"marks":97767,"value":97768,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But browser-based identity attacks ",{"data":97770,"marks":97771,"value":97773,"nodeType":867},{},[97772],{"type":910},"are",{"data":97775,"marks":97776,"value":97777,"nodeType":867},{},[]," worse than they used to be. Yes, credential stuffing, phishing, and SIM swapping may not be the most sophisticated attacks, but they remain as effective as ever. ",{"data":97779,"marks":97780,"value":97782,"nodeType":867},{},[97781],{"type":2278},"As the saying goes, if it ain’t broke — don’t fix it.",{"data":97784,"marks":97785,"value":10852,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97787,"content":97788,"nodeType":883},{},[97789,97793,97798],{"data":97790,"marks":97791,"value":97792,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Recent attacks have moved toward a broader targeting of the ",{"data":97794,"marks":97795,"value":97797,"nodeType":867},{},[97796],{"type":910},"identity infrastructure",{"data":97799,"marks":97800,"value":97801,"nodeType":867},{},[],". While phishing and social engineering was once primarily a delivery mechanism for malicious payloads to be executed on endpoint, it is now used to harvest credentials and secrets for identity-based attacks against cloud apps and services. ",{"data":97803,"content":97804,"nodeType":883},{},[97805],{"data":97806,"marks":97807,"value":97808,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And because businesses have migrated to more cloud-based services and infrastructure, the compromise of an identity now has different consequences.",{"data":97810,"content":97811,"nodeType":883},{},[97812,97816],{"data":97813,"marks":97814,"value":97815,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The data and functionality that attackers seek has moved off endpoints and internal networks and onto cloud systems and SaaS applications, which organizations are using in large numbers (tens to hundreds). The modern way of working means that applications are more often than not directly exposed to the internet — and the only thing needed to access these apps are identities. ",{"data":97817,"marks":97818,"value":97820,"nodeType":867},{},[97819],{"type":910},"Naturally, it's much harder to stop credential stuffing attacks against 100 SaaS apps than the single centralized external VPN/webmail endpoint of yesteryear. ",{"data":97822,"content":97823,"nodeType":883},{},[97824],{"data":97825,"marks":97826,"value":97827,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s clear that stats alone don’t adequately capture the identity threat. So we have to look beyond the numbers to find out why. ",{"data":97829,"content":97830,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":97832,"content":97833,"nodeType":912},{},[97834],{"data":97835,"marks":97836,"value":97837,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using this resource",{"data":97839,"content":97840,"nodeType":883},{},[97841],{"data":97842,"marks":97843,"value":97844,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To cut through some of the noise, we’ve compiled this list of reported attacks and explored what they mean for the identity threat landscape. ",{"data":97846,"content":97847,"nodeType":883},{},[97848,97852,97857],{"data":97849,"marks":97850,"value":97851,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all attacks involving the compromise of digital identities (the list would be endless!). Nor is it something you should read all in one go (unless you ",{"data":97853,"marks":97854,"value":97856,"nodeType":867},{},[97855],{"type":2278},"really",{"data":97858,"marks":97859,"value":97860,"nodeType":867},{},[]," want to, we won’t stop you). We want it to be a resource that you can refer back to, that we will continue to update as new attacks are recorded. ",{"data":97862,"content":97863,"nodeType":883},{},[97864,97868],{"data":97865,"marks":97866,"value":97867,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this context we define identity attacks as ",{"data":97869,"marks":97870,"value":97872,"nodeType":867},{},[97871],{"type":910},"attacks targeting cloud identities and their associated identity management systems, protocols, applications, and infrastructure. ",{"data":97874,"content":97875,"nodeType":883},{},[97876,97880],{"data":97877,"marks":97878,"value":97879,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacks recorded below are high profile examples of browser-based identity attacks",{"data":97881,"marks":97882,"value":97883,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that demonstrate how threat actors are leveraging the cloud identity plane to evade established cyber defenses and traverse new attack paths to achieve their goals. We’ve focused on attacks targeting identity infrastructure itself that are notable for their bypassing of traditional environments and established controls (e.g. Networkless or SaaS-to-SaaS attack paths). ",{"data":97885,"content":97886,"nodeType":883},{},[97887,97891,97898,97902,97911],{"data":97888,"marks":97889,"value":97890,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As with all publicly disclosed breaches, the level of detail and transparency we see varies. Where possible, we've mapped the threat actor Tactics, Techniques and Procedures to our ",{"data":97892,"content":97893,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1154},[97894],{"data":97895,"marks":97896,"value":1159,"nodeType":867},{},[97897],{"type":876},{"data":97899,"marks":97900,"value":97901,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (previously the SaaS Attack Matrix). To learn more about SaaS attack techniques ",{"data":97903,"content":97905,"nodeType":878},{"uri":97904},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/saas-attack-techniques/#id-problems-with-observing-saas-attacks",[97906],{"data":97907,"marks":97908,"value":97910,"nodeType":867},{},[97909],{"type":876},"read the blog",{"data":97912,"marks":97913,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97915,"content":97916,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":97918,"content":97919,"nodeType":912},{},[97920],{"data":97921,"marks":97922,"value":97923,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Snowflake – June 2024",{"data":97925,"content":97926,"nodeType":883},{},[97927,97931,97939],{"data":97928,"marks":97929,"value":97930,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat group known as ShinyHunters (also tracked as UNC5537) has claimed responsibility for breaching multiple organizations using Snowflake, a cloud-based data warehousing and analytics platform. The breach stems from the historical compromise of credentials used to access customer-specific Snowflake tenants, via infostealer infections. These credentials were used as part of a targeted campaign against Snowflake customers, which was exacerbated by the widespread absence of MFA due to the lack of MFA enforcement by default. At the time of writing, approximately 165 customers have been impacted globally ",{"data":97932,"content":97933,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63366},[97934],{"data":97935,"marks":97936,"value":97938,"nodeType":867},{},[97937],{"type":876},"according to a report by Mandiant",{"data":97940,"marks":97941,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":97943,"content":97944,"nodeType":921},{},[97945],{"data":97946,"marks":97947,"value":97948,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How did Snowflake get breached?",{"data":97950,"content":97951,"nodeType":883},{},[97952],{"data":97953,"marks":97954,"value":97956,"nodeType":867},{},[97955],{"type":2278},"It’s worth noting that customers/users of Snowflake were breached via their Snowflake tenants, and no central breach of Snowflake's own systems occurred.",{"data":97958,"content":97959,"nodeType":1526},{},[97960,97970,97992,98002,98011,98020,98029,98039],{"data":97961,"content":97962,"nodeType":1505},{},[97963],{"data":97964,"content":97965,"nodeType":883},{},[97966],{"data":97967,"marks":97968,"value":97969,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Snowflake users were infected with infostealer malware that harvested credentials from user devices over an extended period. The threat actor used Snowflake customer credentials that were previously exposed via several infostealer malware variants, including; VIDAR, RISEPRO, REDLINE, RACOON STEALER, LUMMA and METASTEALER.",{"data":97971,"content":97972,"nodeType":1505},{},[97973],{"data":97974,"content":97975,"nodeType":883},{},[97976,97980,97988],{"data":97977,"marks":97978,"value":97979,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Credentials appeared on criminal marketplaces e.g. dark web forums and ",{"data":97981,"content":97982,"nodeType":878},{"uri":77755},[97983],{"data":97984,"marks":97985,"value":97987,"nodeType":867},{},[97986],{"type":876},"Telegram channels",{"data":97989,"marks":97990,"value":97991,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as combolists (username, password, and login portal combinations). ",{"data":97993,"content":97994,"nodeType":1505},{},[97995],{"data":97996,"content":97997,"nodeType":883},{},[97998],{"data":97999,"marks":98000,"value":98001,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Criminal groups (either ShinyHunters or another organization) saw the potential in targeting Snowflake users, based on the availability of credentials, number of customer organizations, and the value of the data that can be accessed in Snowflake. ",{"data":98003,"content":98004,"nodeType":1505},{},[98005],{"data":98006,"content":98007,"nodeType":883},{},[98008],{"data":98009,"marks":98010,"value":63554,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98012,"content":98013,"nodeType":1505},{},[98014],{"data":98015,"content":98016,"nodeType":883},{},[98017],{"data":98018,"marks":98019,"value":63564,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98021,"content":98022,"nodeType":1505},{},[98023],{"data":98024,"content":98025,"nodeType":883},{},[98026],{"data":98027,"marks":98028,"value":63574,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98030,"content":98031,"nodeType":1505},{},[98032],{"data":98033,"content":98034,"nodeType":883},{},[98035],{"data":98036,"marks":98037,"value":98038,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ShinyHunters acquired massive quantities of Snowflake data based on the information that each customer stored in Snowflake or connected apps. The most sensitive data declared so far pertains to end-customers of each victim, for example PII, bank account and card information, etc.  ",{"data":98040,"content":98041,"nodeType":1505},{},[98042],{"data":98043,"content":98044,"nodeType":883},{},[98045],{"data":98046,"marks":98047,"value":98048,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ShinyHunters began attempts to extort Snowflake and end-customers using the data acquired. ",{"data":98050,"content":98051,"nodeType":921},{},[98052],{"data":98053,"marks":98054,"value":98055,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What was the impact of the Snowflake breach?",{"data":98057,"content":98058,"nodeType":1526},{},[98059,98078,98107,98135,98154,98173],{"data":98060,"content":98061,"nodeType":1505},{},[98062],{"data":98063,"content":98064,"nodeType":883},{},[98065,98069,98074],{"data":98066,"marks":98067,"value":98068,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Approximately ",{"data":98070,"marks":98071,"value":98073,"nodeType":867},{},[98072],{"type":910},"165 victims were identified by Mandiant",{"data":98075,"marks":98076,"value":98077,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Organizations are gradually coming forward to declare the breach and release customer communications accordingly, but not all victims have been named.",{"data":98079,"content":98080,"nodeType":1505},{},[98081],{"data":98082,"content":98083,"nodeType":883},{},[98084,98088,98093,98097,98104],{"data":98085,"marks":98086,"value":98087,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Based on the figures being suggested so far, the impact upon end-customers is huge, with the data of ",{"data":98089,"marks":98090,"value":98092,"nodeType":867},{},[98091],{"type":910},"hundreds of millions of people exposed",{"data":98094,"marks":98095,"value":98096,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and has been touted by some news outlets as ‘",{"data":98098,"content":98099,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63308},[98100],{"data":98101,"marks":98102,"value":63314,"nodeType":867},{},[98103],{"type":876},{"data":98105,"marks":98106,"value":63318,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98108,"content":98109,"nodeType":1505},{},[98110],{"data":98111,"content":98112,"nodeType":883},{},[98113,98117,98122,98126,98131],{"data":98114,"marks":98115,"value":98116,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The impact on the affected businesses is largely unknown at this stage. It’s clear that the victims will suffer ",{"data":98118,"marks":98119,"value":98121,"nodeType":867},{},[98120],{"type":910},"reputational damage",{"data":98123,"marks":98124,"value":98125,"nodeType":867},{},[]," based on the extent of their individual breaches, and possibly face other ",{"data":98127,"marks":98128,"value":98130,"nodeType":867},{},[98129],{"type":910},"penalties and sanctions",{"data":98132,"marks":98133,"value":98134,"nodeType":867},{},[]," if they are found to be at fault by their respective regulators and/or national information security authorities. ",{"data":98136,"content":98137,"nodeType":1505},{},[98138],{"data":98139,"content":98140,"nodeType":883},{},[98141,98145,98150],{"data":98142,"marks":98143,"value":98144,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The impact upon individuals will be significant, with high potential for further targeting in terms of ",{"data":98146,"marks":98147,"value":98149,"nodeType":867},{},[98148],{"type":910},"identity theft, blackmail, financial crime",{"data":98151,"marks":98152,"value":98153,"nodeType":867},{},[],", etc.  ",{"data":98155,"content":98156,"nodeType":1505},{},[98157],{"data":98158,"content":98159,"nodeType":883},{},[98160,98164,98169],{"data":98161,"marks":98162,"value":98163,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It is unclear what data has been exposed in addition to personal data affecting end-customers. If other sensitive commercial or business data pertaining to ",{"data":98165,"marks":98166,"value":98168,"nodeType":867},{},[98167],{"type":910},"Intellectual Property",{"data":98170,"marks":98171,"value":98172,"nodeType":867},{},[]," has been exposed then this data may also be sold on via other nefarious channels, with a potential future impact.",{"data":98174,"content":98175,"nodeType":1505},{},[98176],{"data":98177,"content":98178,"nodeType":883},{},[98179,98183,98188],{"data":98180,"marks":98181,"value":98182,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Given the lack of MFA for the compromised accounts, there has been a general criticism of the ‘opt-in’ nature of MFA for SaaS services, with many security professionals suggesting that ",{"data":98184,"marks":98185,"value":98187,"nodeType":867},{},[98186],{"type":910},"Snowflake should enforce MFA by default",{"data":98189,"marks":98190,"value":98191,"nodeType":867},{},[]," given the critical nature of the service. ",{"data":98193,"content":98194,"nodeType":921},{},[98195],{"data":98196,"marks":98197,"value":98198,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What stands out in the Snowflake breach?",{"data":98200,"content":98201,"nodeType":1526},{},[98202,98221,98262,98289],{"data":98203,"content":98204,"nodeType":1505},{},[98205],{"data":98206,"content":98207,"nodeType":883},{},[98208,98212,98217],{"data":98209,"marks":98210,"value":98211,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The breach ",{"data":98213,"marks":98214,"value":98216,"nodeType":867},{},[98215],{"type":910},"was achieved by using stolen credentials dating back as far as 2020",{"data":98218,"marks":98219,"value":98220,"nodeType":867},{},[],", that had not been rotated or changed. This indicates that many of the credentials used were not necessarily the result of any recent data sharing. This highlights the potential risk of breached credentials already in the public domain; particularly in the case of cloud services that may not be subject to the same levels of credential hygiene as other traditional network logins. ",{"data":98222,"content":98223,"nodeType":1505},{},[98224],{"data":98225,"content":98226,"nodeType":883},{},[98227,98231,98239,98242,98247,98251,98259],{"data":98228,"marks":98229,"value":98230,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Much of the industry response has focused on ensuring that accounts are using SSO (and therefore are protected by MFA at the IdP level). However, due to the existence of ",{"data":98232,"content":98234,"nodeType":878},{"uri":98233},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/ghost-logins",[98235],{"data":98236,"marks":98237,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[98238],{"type":876},{"data":98240,"marks":98241,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98243,"marks":98244,"value":98246,"nodeType":867},{},[98245],{"type":910},"local logins without MFA can exist simultaneously with the SSO login unless expressly disabled",{"data":98248,"marks":98249,"value":98250,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Organizations using Snowflake that are looking to lock down their accounts can ",{"data":98252,"content":98253,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80413},[98254],{"data":98255,"marks":98256,"value":98258,"nodeType":867},{},[98257],{"type":876},"watch our recent demo of how to effectively remediate this vulnerability in Snowflake",{"data":98260,"marks":98261,"value":37381,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98263,"content":98264,"nodeType":1505},{},[98265],{"data":98266,"content":98267,"nodeType":883},{},[98268,98273,98277,98285],{"data":98269,"marks":98270,"value":98272,"nodeType":867},{},[98271],{"type":910},"80% of the credentials were gathered through infostealer malware",{"data":98274,"marks":98275,"value":98276,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Typically, this occurs when unmanaged devices are used to access company resources, or personal browser profiles are synchronized on both work and personal devices. Malware deployed to an insecure personal device can then access and steal credentials for company resources. This situation usually occurs when working with third-party contractors on a BYOD basis; ",{"data":98278,"content":98279,"nodeType":878},{"uri":63719},[98280],{"data":98281,"marks":98282,"value":98284,"nodeType":867},{},[98283],{"type":876},"a recent article indicates that Ukraine-based EPAM Systems",{"data":98286,"marks":98287,"value":98288,"nodeType":867},{},[],", an engineering and digital service provider and “Elite Tier Partner” of Snowflake, was one such organization breached in this way. Organizations consuming Snowflake-related services from EPAM were then subsequently affected, as the compromise of EPAM users granted access to a large number of Snowflake credentials for various company tenants.  ",{"data":98290,"content":98291,"nodeType":1505},{},[98292],{"data":98293,"content":98294,"nodeType":883},{},[98295,98299,98304,98308,98313],{"data":98296,"marks":98297,"value":98298,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While attacker activity has focused on Snowflake to date, the success of this attack will signal the potential for further credential based attacks against similar apps. ",{"data":98300,"marks":98301,"value":98303,"nodeType":867},{},[98302],{"type":910},"There may already be a 'Snowflake 2.0' among the credentials already available online",{"data":98305,"marks":98306,"value":98307,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Further, credentials can be used against a wide range of apps to capitalize on potential ",{"data":98309,"marks":98310,"value":98312,"nodeType":867},{},[98311],{"type":910},"password reuse (which we see for 1 in 3 employees)",{"data":98314,"marks":98315,"value":98316,"nodeType":867},{},[],", so the exact creds for a particular app don’t have to be explicitly breached, so long as the domain for the login portal can be guessed or has been exposed elsewhere.   ",{"data":98318,"content":98319,"nodeType":921},{},[98320],{"data":98321,"marks":98322,"value":98323,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix mapping",{"data":98325,"content":98326,"nodeType":883},{},[98327],{"data":98328,"marks":98329,"value":98330,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For more information on each TTP please navigate to the entries linked in the table below. ",{"data":98332,"content":98333,"nodeType":3329},{},[98334,98377,98439],{"data":98335,"content":98336,"nodeType":3236},{},[98337,98347,98357,98367],{"data":98338,"content":98339,"nodeType":3224},{},[98340],{"data":98341,"content":98342,"nodeType":883},{},[98343],{"data":98344,"marks":98345,"value":98346,"nodeType":867},{},[],"ID",{"data":98348,"content":98349,"nodeType":3224},{},[98350],{"data":98351,"content":98352,"nodeType":883},{},[98353],{"data":98354,"marks":98355,"value":98356,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Name",{"data":98358,"content":98359,"nodeType":3224},{},[98360],{"data":98361,"content":98362,"nodeType":883},{},[98363],{"data":98364,"marks":98365,"value":98366,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stage",{"data":98368,"content":98369,"nodeType":3224},{},[98370],{"data":98371,"content":98372,"nodeType":883},{},[98373],{"data":98374,"marks":98375,"value":98376,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Description",{"data":98378,"content":98379,"nodeType":3236},{},[98380,98400,98419,98429],{"data":98381,"content":98382,"nodeType":3250},{},[98383],{"data":98384,"content":98385,"nodeType":883},{},[98386,98389,98397],{"data":98387,"marks":98388,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98390,"content":98391,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[98392],{"data":98393,"marks":98394,"value":98396,"nodeType":867},{},[98395],{"type":876},"SAT1017",{"data":98398,"marks":98399,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98401,"content":98402,"nodeType":3250},{},[98403],{"data":98404,"content":98405,"nodeType":883},{},[98406,98409,98416],{"data":98407,"marks":98408,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98410,"content":98411,"nodeType":878},{"uri":98233},[98412],{"data":98413,"marks":98414,"value":395,"nodeType":867},{},[98415],{"type":876},{"data":98417,"marks":98418,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98420,"content":98421,"nodeType":3250},{},[98422],{"data":98423,"content":98424,"nodeType":883},{},[98425],{"data":98426,"marks":98427,"value":98428,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Initial Access; Persistence; Defense Evasion",{"data":98430,"content":98431,"nodeType":3250},{},[98432],{"data":98433,"content":98434,"nodeType":883},{},[98435],{"data":98436,"marks":98437,"value":98438,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Abusing non-SSO additional login methods such as password-based authentication (local to the SaaS app), social logins, API access, etc. ",{"data":98440,"content":98441,"nodeType":3236},{},[98442,98462,98482,98492],{"data":98443,"content":98444,"nodeType":3250},{},[98445],{"data":98446,"content":98447,"nodeType":883},{},[98448,98451,98459],{"data":98449,"marks":98450,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98452,"content":98453,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71153},[98454],{"data":98455,"marks":98456,"value":98458,"nodeType":867},{},[98457],{"type":876},"SAT1044",{"data":98460,"marks":98461,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98463,"content":98464,"nodeType":3250},{},[98465],{"data":98466,"content":98467,"nodeType":883},{},[98468,98471,98479],{"data":98469,"marks":98470,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98472,"content":98474,"nodeType":878},{"uri":98473},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/session-cookie-theft",[98475],{"data":98476,"marks":98477,"value":80605,"nodeType":867},{},[98478],{"type":876},{"data":98480,"marks":98481,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98483,"content":98484,"nodeType":3250},{},[98485],{"data":98486,"content":98487,"nodeType":883},{},[98488],{"data":98489,"marks":98490,"value":98491,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Lateral Movement; Defense Evasion",{"data":98493,"content":98494,"nodeType":3250},{},[98495],{"data":98496,"content":98497,"nodeType":883},{},[98498],{"data":98499,"marks":98500,"value":98501,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Session cookies are used to pivot from an endpoint compromise and laterally move to downstream SaaS applications.",{"data":98503,"content":98504,"nodeType":921},{},[98505],{"data":98506,"marks":98507,"value":98508,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Related breaches",{"data":98510,"content":98511,"nodeType":883},{},[98512],{"data":98513,"marks":98514,"value":98515,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Named victims are listed below:",{"data":98517,"content":98518,"nodeType":1526},{},[98519,98529,98539,98549,98559,98569,98579,98589],{"data":98520,"content":98521,"nodeType":1505},{},[98522],{"data":98523,"content":98524,"nodeType":883},{},[98525],{"data":98526,"marks":98527,"value":98528,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ticketmaster",{"data":98530,"content":98531,"nodeType":1505},{},[98532],{"data":98533,"content":98534,"nodeType":883},{},[98535],{"data":98536,"marks":98537,"value":98538,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Santander",{"data":98540,"content":98541,"nodeType":1505},{},[98542],{"data":98543,"content":98544,"nodeType":883},{},[98545],{"data":98546,"marks":98547,"value":98548,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Neiman Marcus",{"data":98550,"content":98551,"nodeType":1505},{},[98552],{"data":98553,"content":98554,"nodeType":883},{},[98555],{"data":98556,"marks":98557,"value":98558,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Los Angeles Unified",{"data":98560,"content":98561,"nodeType":1505},{},[98562],{"data":98563,"content":98564,"nodeType":883},{},[98565],{"data":98566,"marks":98567,"value":98568,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pure Storage",{"data":98570,"content":98571,"nodeType":1505},{},[98572],{"data":98573,"content":98574,"nodeType":883},{},[98575],{"data":98576,"marks":98577,"value":98578,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Advance Auto Parts",{"data":98580,"content":98581,"nodeType":1505},{},[98582],{"data":98583,"content":98584,"nodeType":883},{},[98585],{"data":98586,"marks":98587,"value":98588,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Truist Bank",{"data":98590,"content":98591,"nodeType":1505},{},[98592],{"data":98593,"content":98594,"nodeType":883},{},[98595],{"data":98596,"marks":98597,"value":98598,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Lending Tree",{"data":98600,"content":98601,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":98603,"content":98604,"nodeType":912},{},[98605],{"data":98606,"marks":98607,"value":98608,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft — January 2024",{"data":98610,"content":98611,"nodeType":883},{},[98612],{"data":98613,"marks":98614,"value":98615,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat group known as APT29 (also known as “The Dukes”, “Cozy Bear”, and labeled “Midnight Blizzard” by Microsoft) executed a cleverly executed password-guessing attack to compromise test cloud identities that were also lacking MFA. Attackers then leveraged this access to compromise some OAuth applications that allowed lateral movement to Microsoft’s corporate environment and the creation of other malicious OAuth applications to achieve persistence.",{"data":98617,"content":98618,"nodeType":921},{},[98619],{"data":98620,"marks":98621,"value":98622,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How did Microsoft get breached?",{"data":98624,"content":98625,"nodeType":1526},{},[98626,98636,98646,98656,98666,98676],{"data":98627,"content":98628,"nodeType":1505},{},[98629],{"data":98630,"content":98631,"nodeType":883},{},[98632],{"data":98633,"marks":98634,"value":98635,"nodeType":867},{},[],"APT29 utilized password spraying / credential stuffing attacks to compromise test cloud identities that were also lacking MFA, attached to a non-production test tenant.",{"data":98637,"content":98638,"nodeType":1505},{},[98639],{"data":98640,"content":98641,"nodeType":883},{},[98642],{"data":98643,"marks":98644,"value":98645,"nodeType":867},{},[],"APT29 leveraged their initial access to the test tenant to identify and compromise a test OAuth application that had access to the Microsoft corporate environment by leveraging permissive Entra ID roles in the test tenant.",{"data":98647,"content":98648,"nodeType":1505},{},[98649],{"data":98650,"content":98651,"nodeType":883},{},[98652],{"data":98653,"marks":98654,"value":98655,"nodeType":867},{},[],"APT29 used the existing configurations to access the Microsoft corporate Entra ID tenant whereupon the app registration from the test tenant was installed as a service principal in the corporate tenant, granting the equivalent of global admin rights.",{"data":98657,"content":98658,"nodeType":1505},{},[98659],{"data":98660,"content":98661,"nodeType":883},{},[98662],{"data":98663,"marks":98664,"value":98665,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using these new permissions, APT29 registered additional malicious OAuth applications in the Microsoft corporate environment, and created a new user in the Microsoft corporate tenant to grant consent to the new malicious OAuth apps, thereby achieving persistent access to the environment.",{"data":98667,"content":98668,"nodeType":1505},{},[98669],{"data":98670,"content":98671,"nodeType":883},{},[98672],{"data":98673,"marks":98674,"value":98675,"nodeType":867},{},[],"APT29 leveraged the elevated (maximum) privileges assigned to the ‘test’ app service principal to grant app roles to other newly created app service principals, granting them the Office 365 Exchange Online full_access_as_app role in the corporate tenant, which allows access to mailboxes.",{"data":98677,"content":98678,"nodeType":1505},{},[98679],{"data":98680,"content":98681,"nodeType":883},{},[98682],{"data":98683,"marks":98684,"value":98685,"nodeType":867},{},[],"APT29 leveraged these malicious OAuth applications to authenticate to Microsoft Exchange Online and target Microsoft corporate email accounts.",{"data":98687,"content":98688,"nodeType":921},{},[98689],{"data":98690,"marks":98691,"value":98692,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What was the impact of the Microsoft breach?",{"data":98694,"content":98695,"nodeType":1526},{},[98696,98706,98716],{"data":98697,"content":98698,"nodeType":1505},{},[98699],{"data":98700,"content":98701,"nodeType":883},{},[98702],{"data":98703,"marks":98704,"value":98705,"nodeType":867},{},[],"APT29 had access to Microsoft corporate email accounts, including members of the senior leadership team and employees in the cybersecurity, legal, and other functions, resulting in sensitive data leakage.",{"data":98707,"content":98708,"nodeType":1505},{},[98709],{"data":98710,"content":98711,"nodeType":883},{},[98712],{"data":98713,"marks":98714,"value":98715,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft has not disclosed any further impacts at this time, but it is likely that the adversary had complete, unmitigated control of the Microsoft corporate tenant for a period of time, with global administrator level access.",{"data":98717,"content":98718,"nodeType":1505},{},[98719],{"data":98720,"content":98721,"nodeType":883},{},[98722],{"data":98723,"marks":98724,"value":98725,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since the initial attack there has been evidence of continued targeting, with password spraying attacks reportedly increasing tenfold, likely informed by stolen information.",{"data":98727,"content":98728,"nodeType":921},{},[98729],{"data":98730,"marks":98731,"value":98732,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What stands out in the Microsoft breach?",{"data":98734,"content":98735,"nodeType":1526},{},[98736,98746,98756,98766],{"data":98737,"content":98738,"nodeType":1505},{},[98739],{"data":98740,"content":98741,"nodeType":883},{},[98742],{"data":98743,"marks":98744,"value":98745,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attack was covert and targeted, with APT29 tailoring the attack to a limited number of accounts and using a low number of attempts to evade detection and avoid account blocks based on the volume of failures.",{"data":98747,"content":98748,"nodeType":1505},{},[98749],{"data":98750,"content":98751,"nodeType":883},{},[98752],{"data":98753,"marks":98754,"value":98755,"nodeType":867},{},[],"APT29 used residential proxy networks when interacting with the compromised tenant and, subsequently, with Exchange Online to obfuscate the source of their attack and avoid impossible travel detections. ",{"data":98757,"content":98758,"nodeType":1505},{},[98759],{"data":98760,"content":98761,"nodeType":883},{},[98762],{"data":98763,"marks":98764,"value":98765,"nodeType":867},{},[],"APT29 demonstrated mature and in-depth understanding of cloud infrastructure, protocols, and workflows, particularly in terms of privilege escalation and lateral movement.",{"data":98767,"content":98768,"nodeType":1505},{},[98769],{"data":98770,"content":98771,"nodeType":883},{},[98772],{"data":98773,"marks":98774,"value":98775,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If even Microsoft (an organization with pretty much unrivaled security resources) can’t ensure that all their accounts are protected by MFA and that there are no weak links between test/dev and prod systems, this should be a wake-up call for any company that thinks their MFA implementation is flawless. ",{"data":98777,"content":98778,"nodeType":921},{},[98779],{"data":98780,"marks":98781,"value":98323,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98783,"content":98784,"nodeType":883},{},[98785],{"data":98786,"marks":98787,"value":98330,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98789,"content":98790,"nodeType":3329},{},[98791,98831,98894,98957],{"data":98792,"content":98793,"nodeType":3236},{},[98794,98803,98813,98822],{"data":98795,"content":98796,"nodeType":3224},{},[98797],{"data":98798,"content":98799,"nodeType":883},{},[98800],{"data":98801,"marks":98802,"value":98346,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98804,"content":98805,"nodeType":3224},{},[98806],{"data":98807,"content":98808,"nodeType":883},{},[98809],{"data":98810,"marks":98811,"value":98812,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Technique",{"data":98814,"content":98815,"nodeType":3224},{},[98816],{"data":98817,"content":98818,"nodeType":883},{},[98819],{"data":98820,"marks":98821,"value":98366,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98823,"content":98824,"nodeType":3224},{},[98825],{"data":98826,"content":98827,"nodeType":883},{},[98828],{"data":98829,"marks":98830,"value":98376,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98832,"content":98833,"nodeType":3236},{},[98834,98854,98874,98884],{"data":98835,"content":98836,"nodeType":3250},{},[98837],{"data":98838,"content":98839,"nodeType":883},{},[98840,98843,98851],{"data":98841,"marks":98842,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98844,"content":98845,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80232},[98846],{"data":98847,"marks":98848,"value":98850,"nodeType":867},{},[98849],{"type":876},"SAT1011",{"data":98852,"marks":98853,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98855,"content":98856,"nodeType":3250},{},[98857],{"data":98858,"content":98859,"nodeType":883},{},[98860,98863,98871],{"data":98861,"marks":98862,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98864,"content":98866,"nodeType":878},{"uri":98865},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/credential-stuffing",[98867],{"data":98868,"marks":98869,"value":333,"nodeType":867},{},[98870],{"type":876},{"data":98872,"marks":98873,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98875,"content":98876,"nodeType":3250},{},[98877],{"data":98878,"content":98879,"nodeType":883},{},[98880],{"data":98881,"marks":98882,"value":98883,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Initial 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",{"data":98895,"content":98896,"nodeType":3236},{},[98897,98917,98937,98947],{"data":98898,"content":98899,"nodeType":3250},{},[98900],{"data":98901,"content":98902,"nodeType":883},{},[98903,98906,98914],{"data":98904,"marks":98905,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98907,"content":98908,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80823},[98909],{"data":98910,"marks":98911,"value":98913,"nodeType":867},{},[98912],{"type":876},"SAT1027",{"data":98915,"marks":98916,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98918,"content":98919,"nodeType":3250},{},[98920],{"data":98921,"content":98922,"nodeType":883},{},[98923,98926,98934],{"data":98924,"marks":98925,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98927,"content":98929,"nodeType":878},{"uri":98928},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/oauth-tokens",[98930],{"data":98931,"marks":98932,"value":80829,"nodeType":867},{},[98933],{"type":876},{"data":98935,"marks":98936,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98938,"content":98939,"nodeType":3250},{},[98940],{"data":98941,"content":98942,"nodeType":883},{},[98943],{"data":98944,"marks":98945,"value":98946,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Execution; Persistence; Defense Evasion",{"data":98948,"content":98949,"nodeType":3250},{},[98950],{"data":98951,"content":98952,"nodeType":883},{},[98953],{"data":98954,"marks":98955,"value":98956,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Use a malicious OAuth app to create an OAuth token, using arbitrary permissions to maintain long-term programmatic access to a compromised user account.",{"data":98958,"content":98959,"nodeType":3236},{},[98960,98980,99001,99011],{"data":98961,"content":98962,"nodeType":3250},{},[98963],{"data":98964,"content":98965,"nodeType":883},{},[98966,98969,98977],{"data":98967,"marks":98968,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98970,"content":98971,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81054},[98972],{"data":98973,"marks":98974,"value":98976,"nodeType":867},{},[98975],{"type":876},"SAT1001",{"data":98978,"marks":98979,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98981,"content":98982,"nodeType":3250},{},[98983],{"data":98984,"content":98985,"nodeType":883},{},[98986,98989,98998],{"data":98987,"marks":98988,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":98990,"content":98992,"nodeType":878},{"uri":98991},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/abuse-existing-oauth-integrations",[98993],{"data":98994,"marks":98995,"value":98997,"nodeType":867},{},[98996],{"type":876},"Abuse existing OAuth 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2023",{"data":99036,"content":99037,"nodeType":883},{},[99038],{"data":99039,"marks":99040,"value":99041,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At the time of the Microsoft breach becoming public knowledge, HPE disclosed that they had become aware of a historical incident in Dec 2023, involving unauthorized access to and exfiltration of a limited number of SharePoint files as early as May 2023. Hackers accessed and exfiltrated data from HPE mailboxes belonging to individuals in the cybersecurity, go-to-market, business segments, and other functions. No further information is available on the techniques used or impact of the breach. ",{"data":99043,"content":99044,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":99046,"content":99047,"nodeType":912},{},[99048],{"data":99049,"marks":99050,"value":99051,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Okta — October 2023",{"data":99053,"content":99054,"nodeType":883},{},[99055],{"data":99056,"marks":99057,"value":99058,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An unknown threat group compromised an Okta employee's personal Google account that was being used on a company-managed device, granting the threat actor access to a service account for Okta’s customer support system, that included session tokens for 134 customers. This was then used to hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of five customers. ",{"data":99060,"content":99061,"nodeType":921},{},[99062],{"data":99063,"marks":99064,"value":99065,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How did Okta get breached?",{"data":99067,"content":99068,"nodeType":1526},{},[99069,99079,99089,99099,99109],{"data":99070,"content":99071,"nodeType":1505},{},[99072],{"data":99073,"content":99074,"nodeType":883},{},[99075],{"data":99076,"marks":99077,"value":99078,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor compromised a personal Google account that the user had accessed from their Okta-managed work device by signing into their personal profile from the Chrome browser.",{"data":99080,"content":99081,"nodeType":1505},{},[99082],{"data":99083,"content":99084,"nodeType":883},{},[99085],{"data":99086,"marks":99087,"value":99088,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The personal account credentials are likely to have been compromised in a historical data breach and did not have MFA enabled.",{"data":99090,"content":99091,"nodeType":1505},{},[99092],{"data":99093,"content":99094,"nodeType":883},{},[99095],{"data":99096,"marks":99097,"value":99098,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The username and password of a service account for Okta’s customer support system had been saved into the employee’s personal Google account and was therefore compromised.",{"data":99100,"content":99101,"nodeType":1505},{},[99102],{"data":99103,"content":99104,"nodeType":883},{},[99105],{"data":99106,"marks":99107,"value":99108,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor was able to access the service account by logging in using the stolen credentials, which again likely did not have MFA deployed as a service account.",{"data":99110,"content":99111,"nodeType":1505},{},[99112],{"data":99113,"content":99114,"nodeType":883},{},[99115],{"data":99116,"marks":99117,"value":99118,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor was able to use session tokens in the HAR files to impersonate staff and hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of five customers, including 1Password, BeyondTrust, and Cloudflare.",{"data":99120,"content":99121,"nodeType":921},{},[99122],{"data":99123,"marks":99124,"value":99125,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What was the impact of the Okta breach?",{"data":99127,"content":99128,"nodeType":1526},{},[99129,99139,99149,99159],{"data":99130,"content":99131,"nodeType":1505},{},[99132],{"data":99133,"content":99134,"nodeType":883},{},[99135],{"data":99136,"marks":99137,"value":99138,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor gained unauthorized access to files inside Okta’s customer support system associated with 134 Okta customers.",{"data":99140,"content":99141,"nodeType":1505},{},[99142],{"data":99143,"content":99144,"nodeType":883},{},[99145],{"data":99146,"marks":99147,"value":99148,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor was able to use these session tokens to hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of 5 (publicly disclosed) customers.",{"data":99150,"content":99151,"nodeType":1505},{},[99152],{"data":99153,"content":99154,"nodeType":883},{},[99155],{"data":99156,"marks":99157,"value":99158,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Okta originally claimed the breach had impacted only 1% of customers, but later found that a report run and downloaded by the threat actor contained the names and email addresses of all 18,400 Okta customer support users, as well as some Okta employee information, meaning 100% of customer support users were impacted.",{"data":99160,"content":99161,"nodeType":1505},{},[99162],{"data":99163,"content":99164,"nodeType":883},{},[99165],{"data":99166,"marks":99167,"value":99168,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Okta users are at higher risk of phishing and credential stuffing attacks based on the data stolen by the threat actor, increasing the importance of robust MFA implementation.",{"data":99170,"content":99171,"nodeType":921},{},[99172],{"data":99173,"marks":99174,"value":99175,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What stands out in the Okta breach?",{"data":99177,"content":99178,"nodeType":1526},{},[99179,99189,99199],{"data":99180,"content":99181,"nodeType":1505},{},[99182],{"data":99183,"content":99184,"nodeType":883},{},[99185],{"data":99186,"marks":99187,"value":99188,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This attack demonstrates the risk associated with cloud Identity Providers and the potential goldmine that they are to attackers. Much in the same way that the manufacturers of physical and virtual network appliances are continuously probed for software vulnerabilities, cloud IdPs like Okta present a huge potential opportunity, both in terms of targeting specific organizational instances as well as the Okta organization. This attack showcases the possibility of third-party supply chain attacks to target downstream organizations using IdP services. ",{"data":99190,"content":99191,"nodeType":1505},{},[99192],{"data":99193,"content":99194,"nodeType":883},{},[99195],{"data":99196,"marks":99197,"value":99198,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similar to the Microsoft breach, gaps were discovered and exploited in Okta’s MFA coverage and implementation, highlighting that there are gaps in even the most mature organizations. ",{"data":99200,"content":99201,"nodeType":1505},{},[99202],{"data":99203,"content":99204,"nodeType":883},{},[99205],{"data":99206,"marks":99207,"value":99208,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The subsequent attack on Cloudflare (see below) and the scale of the recovery effort demonstrates the significant operational overhead in responding to and recovering from a breach of identity infrastructure, with a similar or greater scale than a traditional Active Directory compromise. While addressing the incident, Cloudflare's staff rotated all production credentials (over 5,000 unique ones), physically segmented test and staging systems, performed forensic triage on 4,893 systems, reimaged and rebooted all systems on the company's global network, including all Atlassian servers (Jira, Confluence, and Bitbucket) and machines accessed by the threat actor. All equipment in Cloudflare's Brazil data center, which was unsuccessfully targeted by the threat actor, was later returned to the manufacturers to ensure that the data center was secure.",{"data":99210,"content":99211,"nodeType":921},{},[99212],{"data":99213,"marks":99214,"value":98323,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99216,"content":99217,"nodeType":883},{},[99218],{"data":99219,"marks":99220,"value":98330,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99222,"content":99223,"nodeType":3329},{},[99224,99263,99322],{"data":99225,"content":99226,"nodeType":3236},{},[99227,99236,99245,99254],{"data":99228,"content":99229,"nodeType":3224},{},[99230],{"data":99231,"content":99232,"nodeType":883},{},[99233],{"data":99234,"marks":99235,"value":98346,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99237,"content":99238,"nodeType":3224},{},[99239],{"data":99240,"content":99241,"nodeType":883},{},[99242],{"data":99243,"marks":99244,"value":98812,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99246,"content":99247,"nodeType":3224},{},[99248],{"data":99249,"content":99250,"nodeType":883},{},[99251],{"data":99252,"marks":99253,"value":98366,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99255,"content":99256,"nodeType":3224},{},[99257],{"data":99258,"content":99259,"nodeType":883},{},[99260],{"data":99261,"marks":99262,"value":98376,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99264,"content":99265,"nodeType":3236},{},[99266,99285,99304,99313],{"data":99267,"content":99268,"nodeType":3250},{},[99269],{"data":99270,"content":99271,"nodeType":883},{},[99272,99275,99282],{"data":99273,"marks":99274,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99276,"content":99277,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80232},[99278],{"data":99279,"marks":99280,"value":98850,"nodeType":867},{},[99281],{"type":876},{"data":99283,"marks":99284,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99286,"content":99287,"nodeType":3250},{},[99288],{"data":99289,"content":99290,"nodeType":883},{},[99291,99294,99301],{"data":99292,"marks":99293,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99295,"content":99296,"nodeType":878},{"uri":98865},[99297],{"data":99298,"marks":99299,"value":333,"nodeType":867},{},[99300],{"type":876},{"data":99302,"marks":99303,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99305,"content":99306,"nodeType":3250},{},[99307],{"data":99308,"content":99309,"nodeType":883},{},[99310],{"data":99311,"marks":99312,"value":98883,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99314,"content":99315,"nodeType":3250},{},[99316],{"data":99317,"content":99318,"nodeType":883},{},[99319],{"data":99320,"marks":99321,"value":98893,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99323,"content":99324,"nodeType":3236},{},[99325,99346,99367,99377],{"data":99326,"content":99327,"nodeType":3250},{},[99328],{"data":99329,"content":99330,"nodeType":883},{},[99331,99334,99343],{"data":99332,"marks":99333,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99335,"content":99337,"nodeType":878},{"uri":99336},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/password_scraping/description.md",[99338],{"data":99339,"marks":99340,"value":99342,"nodeType":867},{},[99341],{"type":876},"SAT1028",{"data":99344,"marks":99345,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99347,"content":99348,"nodeType":3250},{},[99349],{"data":99350,"content":99351,"nodeType":883},{},[99352,99355,99364],{"data":99353,"marks":99354,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99356,"content":99358,"nodeType":878},{"uri":99357},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/password-scraping",[99359],{"data":99360,"marks":99361,"value":99363,"nodeType":867},{},[99362],{"type":876},"Password Scraping",{"data":99365,"marks":99366,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99368,"content":99369,"nodeType":3250},{},[99370],{"data":99371,"content":99372,"nodeType":883},{},[99373],{"data":99374,"marks":99375,"value":99376,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Credential Access",{"data":99378,"content":99379,"nodeType":3250},{},[99380],{"data":99381,"content":99382,"nodeType":883},{},[99383],{"data":99384,"marks":99385,"value":99386,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Collection of credentials and secrets from repositories e.g. password managers, SaaS file stores, etc.",{"data":99388,"content":99389,"nodeType":921},{},[99390],{"data":99391,"marks":99392,"value":98508,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99394,"content":99395,"nodeType":883},{},[99396],{"data":99397,"marks":99398,"value":99400,"nodeType":867},{},[99399],{"type":910},"Cloudflare — November 2023",{"data":99402,"content":99403,"nodeType":883},{},[99404],{"data":99405,"marks":99406,"value":99407,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor used tokens and credentials that had not been rotated to breach Cloudflare’s internal Atlassian server and access its Confluence wiki, Jira bug database, and Bitbucket source code management system. The threat actor first gained access to Cloudflare's self-hosted Atlassian server and then accessed the company's Confluence and Jira systems following a reconnaissance stage. Cloudflare says that this breach did not impact customer data or systems or the provision of services.",{"data":99409,"content":99410,"nodeType":883},{},[99411],{"data":99412,"marks":99413,"value":99415,"nodeType":867},{},[99414],{"type":910},"1Password — October 2023",{"data":99417,"content":99418,"nodeType":883},{},[99419],{"data":99420,"marks":99421,"value":99422,"nodeType":867},{},[],"1Password reported unsolicited activity in their Okta environment which was traced to a suspicious IP address. Later it was confirmed that an threat actor had accessed 1Password’s Okta environment using administrative privileges. They attempted to access the IT team member’s user dashboard, but that attempt was blocked by Okta. They also requested a report of administrative users, which was identified as suspicious and triggered an investigation. 1Password says it terminated the activity, investigated, and found no compromise of user data or other sensitive systems, either employee-facing or user-facing.",{"data":99424,"content":99425,"nodeType":883},{},[99426],{"data":99427,"marks":99428,"value":99430,"nodeType":867},{},[99429],{"type":910},"BeyondTrust - October 2023",{"data":99432,"content":99433,"nodeType":883},{},[99434],{"data":99435,"marks":99436,"value":99437,"nodeType":867},{},[],"BeyondTrust security teams detected an identity-centric attack on an in-house Okta administrator account. BeyondTrust blocked all access to the threat actor, and verified that they did not gain access to any systems. BeyondTrust has confirmed that there was no additional exposure to our internal systems or BeyondTrust’s customers.",{"data":99439,"content":99440,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":99442,"content":99443,"nodeType":912},{},[99444],{"data":99445,"marks":99446,"value":99447,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MGM Resorts — September 2023",{"data":99449,"content":99450,"nodeType":883},{},[99451],{"data":99452,"marks":99453,"value":99454,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat group known as Scattered Spider socially engineered MGM help desk personnel to grant ‘super admin’ access to the Okta tenant, which was then used to steal data and deploy ransomware, resulting in significant business disruption. ",{"data":99456,"content":99457,"nodeType":921},{},[99458],{"data":99459,"marks":99460,"value":99461,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How did MGM get breached?",{"data":99463,"content":99464,"nodeType":1526},{},[99465,99475,99485,99495,99505,99515],{"data":99466,"content":99467,"nodeType":1505},{},[99468],{"data":99469,"content":99470,"nodeType":883},{},[99471],{"data":99472,"marks":99473,"value":99474,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider researched MGM employees on LinkedIn to identify individuals likely to have privileged Okta access, specifically Super Administrator privileges. ",{"data":99476,"content":99477,"nodeType":1505},{},[99478],{"data":99479,"content":99480,"nodeType":883},{},[99481],{"data":99482,"marks":99483,"value":99484,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider contacted the IT help desk impersonating an employee with a privileged account asking for an authentication reset (password and MFA).",{"data":99486,"content":99487,"nodeType":1505},{},[99488],{"data":99489,"content":99490,"nodeType":883},{},[99491],{"data":99492,"marks":99493,"value":99494,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With privileged access, the compromised Super Administrator accounts were used to assign higher privileges to other accounts, circumventing MFA by removing enrolled authenticators and/or removing MFA from authentication policies.",{"data":99496,"content":99497,"nodeType":1505},{},[99498],{"data":99499,"content":99500,"nodeType":883},{},[99501],{"data":99502,"marks":99503,"value":99504,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider registered a second, attacker-controlled IdP via Org2Org using inbound federation, granting the ability to impersonate users and access applications on their behalf. By matching the username of target accounts in the second IdP to the original, the attacker was able to SSO into target applications. ",{"data":99506,"content":99507,"nodeType":1505},{},[99508],{"data":99509,"content":99510,"nodeType":883},{},[99511],{"data":99512,"marks":99513,"value":99514,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Through inbound federation, Scattered Spider obtained global admin rights in Azure, effectively granting full control over connected systems and granting domain admin privileges in target environments.",{"data":99516,"content":99517,"nodeType":1505},{},[99518],{"data":99519,"content":99520,"nodeType":883},{},[99521],{"data":99522,"marks":99523,"value":99524,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scattered Spider deployed encryption software to around 100 ESXi servers and exfiltrated data, disrupting core business operations.",{"data":99526,"content":99527,"nodeType":921},{},[99528],{"data":99529,"marks":99530,"value":99531,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What was the impact of the MGM breach?",{"data":99533,"content":99534,"nodeType":1526},{},[99535,99545,99555],{"data":99536,"content":99537,"nodeType":1505},{},[99538],{"data":99539,"content":99540,"nodeType":883},{},[99541],{"data":99542,"marks":99543,"value":99544,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Led to a 36-hour outage of multiple MGM IT systems and affected a number of its casinos on the Las Vegas strip, including the Bellagio, Excalibur, Luxor, Mandalay Bay and New York New York.",{"data":99546,"content":99547,"nodeType":1505},{},[99548],{"data":99549,"content":99550,"nodeType":883},{},[99551],{"data":99552,"marks":99553,"value":99554,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Personal data compromise of an unspecified number of customers including various contact information, dates of births, genders, driver’s license numbers, social security numbers, and passport information. ",{"data":99556,"content":99557,"nodeType":1505},{},[99558],{"data":99559,"content":99560,"nodeType":883},{},[99561],{"data":99562,"marks":99563,"value":99564,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MGM reported that the attack would cause a $100 million hit to its third-quarter results, including $10 million in one-time cyber security consulting fees. ",{"data":99566,"content":99567,"nodeType":921},{},[99568],{"data":99569,"marks":99570,"value":99571,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What stands out in the MGM breach?",{"data":99573,"content":99574,"nodeType":1526},{},[99575,99585,99595],{"data":99576,"content":99577,"nodeType":1505},{},[99578],{"data":99579,"content":99580,"nodeType":883},{},[99581],{"data":99582,"marks":99583,"value":99584,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The MGM breach demonstrates how financially motivated organized criminal groups are specifically targeting the identity infrastructure of an organization (e.g. the chosen IdP solution) and leveraging cloud-native functionality. ",{"data":99586,"content":99587,"nodeType":1505},{},[99588],{"data":99589,"content":99590,"nodeType":883},{},[99591],{"data":99592,"marks":99593,"value":99594,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The MGM breach is notable for being a hybrid attack that ended in what has become a typical “actions on objective” for ransomware operators and their affiliates - the propagation of malware and encryption of core business servers. In this way attackers are leveraging the newer functionality that cloud services provide them to target non-cloud/on-premise resources. This potentially indicates that attackers see cloud applications and services as the path of least resistance to achieving their goals, exploiting more limited security team visibility and understanding of these services compared to more traditional (now well protected) targets. ",{"data":99596,"content":99597,"nodeType":1505},{},[99598],{"data":99599,"content":99600,"nodeType":883},{},[99601],{"data":99602,"marks":99603,"value":99604,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While attackers were focused on taking control of the cloud IdP, the initial access vector was notable for being a more traditional method (vishing) to bypass the need to acquire credentials (password and MFA token). This type of technique remains consistently effective, regardless of the technology landscape and whether MFA is correctly implemented or not.    ",{"data":99606,"content":99607,"nodeType":921},{},[99608],{"data":99609,"marks":99610,"value":98323,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99612,"content":99613,"nodeType":883},{},[99614],{"data":99615,"marks":99616,"value":98330,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99618,"content":99619,"nodeType":3329},{},[99620,99659],{"data":99621,"content":99622,"nodeType":3236},{},[99623,99632,99641,99650],{"data":99624,"content":99625,"nodeType":3224},{},[99626],{"data":99627,"content":99628,"nodeType":883},{},[99629],{"data":99630,"marks":99631,"value":98346,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99633,"content":99634,"nodeType":3224},{},[99635],{"data":99636,"content":99637,"nodeType":883},{},[99638],{"data":99639,"marks":99640,"value":98812,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99642,"content":99643,"nodeType":3224},{},[99644],{"data":99645,"content":99646,"nodeType":883},{},[99647],{"data":99648,"marks":99649,"value":98366,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99651,"content":99652,"nodeType":3224},{},[99653],{"data":99654,"content":99655,"nodeType":883},{},[99656],{"data":99657,"marks":99658,"value":98376,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99660,"content":99661,"nodeType":3236},{},[99662,99682,99703,99713],{"data":99663,"content":99664,"nodeType":3250},{},[99665],{"data":99666,"content":99667,"nodeType":883},{},[99668,99671,99679],{"data":99669,"marks":99670,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99672,"content":99673,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7360},[99674],{"data":99675,"marks":99676,"value":99678,"nodeType":867},{},[99677],{"type":876},"SAT1041",{"data":99680,"marks":99681,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99683,"content":99684,"nodeType":3250},{},[99685],{"data":99686,"content":99687,"nodeType":883},{},[99688,99691,99700],{"data":99689,"marks":99690,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99692,"content":99694,"nodeType":878},{"uri":99693},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/inbound-federation",[99695],{"data":99696,"marks":99697,"value":99699,"nodeType":867},{},[99698],{"type":876},"Inbound Federation",{"data":99701,"marks":99702,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99704,"content":99705,"nodeType":3250},{},[99706],{"data":99707,"content":99708,"nodeType":883},{},[99709],{"data":99710,"marks":99711,"value":99712,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Persistence; Lateral Movement",{"data":99714,"content":99715,"nodeType":3250},{},[99716],{"data":99717,"content":99718,"nodeType":883},{},[99719],{"data":99720,"marks":99721,"value":99722,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Inbound federation allows users to login to a target identity provider by authenticating with a source identity provider",{"data":99724,"content":99725,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":99727,"content":99728,"nodeType":912},{},[99729],{"data":99730,"marks":99731,"value":99732,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Retool — August 2023",{"data":99734,"content":99735,"nodeType":883},{},[99736],{"data":99737,"marks":99738,"value":99739,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Software development company Retool disclosed that the accounts of 27 of its cloud customers were compromised following a targeted SMS-based social engineering attack, which was enabled by Google Authenticator’s default synchronization of MFA tokens with the associated Google account.  ",{"data":99741,"content":99742,"nodeType":921},{},[99743],{"data":99744,"marks":99745,"value":99746,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How did Retool get breached?",{"data":99748,"content":99749,"nodeType":1526},{},[99750,99760,99770,99780,99790,99800],{"data":99751,"content":99752,"nodeType":1505},{},[99753],{"data":99754,"content":99755,"nodeType":883},{},[99756],{"data":99757,"marks":99758,"value":99759,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor launched a targeted SMS-based phishing campaign against Retool employees with a custom lure relating to their workplace healthcare coverage.",{"data":99761,"content":99762,"nodeType":1505},{},[99763],{"data":99764,"content":99765,"nodeType":883},{},[99766],{"data":99767,"marks":99768,"value":99769,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The timing coincided with a recently announced migration of logins to Okta, and the message contained a url disguised to look like their internal identity portal.",{"data":99771,"content":99772,"nodeType":1505},{},[99773],{"data":99774,"content":99775,"nodeType":883},{},[99776],{"data":99777,"marks":99778,"value":99779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After logging into the fake portal – which included an MFA form – the threat actor called the employee impersonating an IT team member, deepfaking the IT employee’s real voice and using real information about the company to build trust.",{"data":99781,"content":99782,"nodeType":1505},{},[99783],{"data":99784,"content":99785,"nodeType":883},{},[99786],{"data":99787,"marks":99788,"value":99789,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The phished employee shared an MFA OTP token which allowed the threat actor to add their own personal device to the employee’s Okta account and enabled their own Okta MFA from that point forward.",{"data":99791,"content":99792,"nodeType":1505},{},[99793],{"data":99794,"content":99795,"nodeType":883},{},[99796],{"data":99797,"marks":99798,"value":99799,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Due to the Google Authenticator synchronization feature that syncs MFA codes to the cloud by default, meaning that access to a Google account immediately gave access to all MFA tokens held within that account.",{"data":99801,"content":99802,"nodeType":1505},{},[99803],{"data":99804,"content":99805,"nodeType":883},{},[99806],{"data":99807,"marks":99808,"value":99809,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This enabled the threat actor to take over a number of identities associated with a range of target apps and change the credentials.",{"data":99811,"content":99812,"nodeType":921},{},[99813],{"data":99814,"marks":99815,"value":99816,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What was the impact of the Retool breach?",{"data":99818,"content":99819,"nodeType":1526},{},[99820,99830,99840],{"data":99821,"content":99822,"nodeType":1505},{},[99823],{"data":99824,"content":99825,"nodeType":883},{},[99826],{"data":99827,"marks":99828,"value":99829,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A total of 27 customers were impacted, with the threat actor specifically targeting customers in the Crypto industry.",{"data":99831,"content":99832,"nodeType":1505},{},[99833],{"data":99834,"content":99835,"nodeType":883},{},[99836],{"data":99837,"marks":99838,"value":99839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After taking over the accounts, the threat actor was observed gathering information and exploring the Retool apps.",{"data":99841,"content":99842,"nodeType":1505},{},[99843],{"data":99844,"content":99845,"nodeType":883},{},[99846],{"data":99847,"marks":99848,"value":99849,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After learning of the attack, Retool revoked all internal authenticated sessions (Okta, GSuite, etc.) for employees, locked down access to the affected accounts, notified the affected customers, and restored their accounts to their original state.",{"data":99851,"content":99852,"nodeType":921},{},[99853],{"data":99854,"marks":99855,"value":99856,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What stands out in the Retool breach?",{"data":99858,"content":99859,"nodeType":1526},{},[99860,99870,99880],{"data":99861,"content":99862,"nodeType":1505},{},[99863],{"data":99864,"content":99865,"nodeType":883},{},[99866],{"data":99867,"marks":99868,"value":99869,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Like the MGM breach, the Retool breach demonstrates how financially motivated organized criminal groups are specifically targeting the identity infrastructure of an organization (e.g. the chosen IdP solution) and leveraging cloud-native functionality. ",{"data":99871,"content":99872,"nodeType":1505},{},[99873],{"data":99874,"content":99875,"nodeType":883},{},[99876],{"data":99877,"marks":99878,"value":99879,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A further similarity with the MGM breach, while attackers were focused on taking control of the cloud IdP, the initial access vector was notable for being a more traditional method (SMS phishing in this case) to bypass the need to acquire credentials (password and MFA token). This type of technique remains consistently effective, regardless of the technology landscape and whether MFA is correctly implemented or not.    ",{"data":99881,"content":99882,"nodeType":1505},{},[99883],{"data":99884,"content":99885,"nodeType":883},{},[99886],{"data":99887,"marks":99888,"value":99889,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, the attacker abused inherent weaknesses in Google Authenticator, which came under fire following the breach for its default synchronization of MFA codes to the cloud when connected to an account, in order to move laterally and compromise other target apps. ",{"data":99891,"content":99892,"nodeType":921},{},[99893],{"data":99894,"marks":99895,"value":98323,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99897,"content":99898,"nodeType":883},{},[99899],{"data":99900,"marks":99901,"value":98330,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99903,"content":99904,"nodeType":3329},{},[99905,99944,100009],{"data":99906,"content":99907,"nodeType":3236},{},[99908,99917,99926,99935],{"data":99909,"content":99910,"nodeType":3224},{},[99911],{"data":99912,"content":99913,"nodeType":883},{},[99914],{"data":99915,"marks":99916,"value":98346,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99918,"content":99919,"nodeType":3224},{},[99920],{"data":99921,"content":99922,"nodeType":883},{},[99923],{"data":99924,"marks":99925,"value":98812,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99927,"content":99928,"nodeType":3224},{},[99929],{"data":99930,"content":99931,"nodeType":883},{},[99932],{"data":99933,"marks":99934,"value":98366,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99936,"content":99937,"nodeType":3224},{},[99938],{"data":99939,"content":99940,"nodeType":883},{},[99941],{"data":99942,"marks":99943,"value":98376,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99945,"content":99946,"nodeType":3236},{},[99947,99968,99990,99999],{"data":99948,"content":99949,"nodeType":3250},{},[99950],{"data":99951,"content":99952,"nodeType":883},{},[99953,99957,99965],{"data":99954,"marks":99955,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[99956],{"type":876},{"data":99958,"content":99959,"nodeType":878},{"uri":71125},[99960],{"data":99961,"marks":99962,"value":99964,"nodeType":867},{},[99963],{"type":876},"SAT1042",{"data":99966,"marks":99967,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99969,"content":99970,"nodeType":3250},{},[99971],{"data":99972,"content":99973,"nodeType":883},{},[99974,99978,99987],{"data":99975,"marks":99976,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[99977],{"type":876},{"data":99979,"content":99981,"nodeType":878},{"uri":99980},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/aitm-phishing",[99982],{"data":99983,"marks":99984,"value":99986,"nodeType":867},{},[99985],{"type":876},"AiTM Phishing",{"data":99988,"marks":99989,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":99991,"content":99992,"nodeType":3250},{},[99993],{"data":99994,"content":99995,"nodeType":883},{},[99996],{"data":99997,"marks":99998,"value":98883,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":100000,"content":100001,"nodeType":3250},{},[100002],{"data":100003,"content":100004,"nodeType":883},{},[100005],{"data":100006,"marks":100007,"value":100008,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacker-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing uses dedicated tooling to act as a web proxy between the victim and a legitimate login portal for an application the victim has access to, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection.",{"data":100010,"content":100011,"nodeType":3236},{},[100012,100033,100056,100066],{"data":100013,"content":100014,"nodeType":3250},{},[100015],{"data":100016,"content":100017,"nodeType":883},{},[100018,100021,100030],{"data":100019,"marks":100020,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":100022,"content":100024,"nodeType":878},{"uri":100023},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/device_enrollment/description.md",[100025],{"data":100026,"marks":100027,"value":100029,"nodeType":867},{},[100028],{"type":876},"SAT1043",{"data":100031,"marks":100032,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":100034,"content":100035,"nodeType":3250},{},[100036],{"data":100037,"content":100038,"nodeType":883},{},[100039,100043,100052],{"data":100040,"marks":100041,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[100042],{"type":876},{"data":100044,"content":100046,"nodeType":878},{"uri":100045},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/device-enrollment",[100047],{"data":100048,"marks":100049,"value":100051,"nodeType":867},{},[100050],{"type":876},"Device Enrollment",{"data":100053,"marks":100054,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[100055],{"type":876},{"data":100057,"content":100058,"nodeType":3250},{},[100059],{"data":100060,"content":100061,"nodeType":883},{},[100062],{"data":100063,"marks":100064,"value":100065,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Initial Access; Persistence",{"data":100067,"content":100068,"nodeType":3250},{},[100069],{"data":100070,"content":100071,"nodeType":883},{},[100072],{"data":100073,"marks":100074,"value":100075,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Enrollment of a new MFA device in order to allow an adversary to complete MFA challenges for future authentication. ",{"data":100077,"content":100078,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":100080,"content":100081,"nodeType":912},{},[100082],{"data":100083,"marks":100084,"value":100085,"nodeType":867},{},[],"GitHub / Heroku / Travis-CI / npm — April 2022",{"data":100087,"content":100088,"nodeType":883},{},[100089],{"data":100090,"marks":100091,"value":100092,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An unknown threat actor used stolen OAuth user tokens (issued to Heroku and Travis-CI) to download data from private repositories. The threat actor then compromised an internal Heroku customer database as well as accessed and stole data from dozens of downstream organizations using Heroku and Travis-CI-maintained OAuth apps.",{"data":100094,"content":100095,"nodeType":921},{},[100096],{"data":100097,"marks":100098,"value":100099,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How did they get breached?",{"data":100101,"content":100102,"nodeType":1526},{},[100103,100113,100123,100133,100143,100153,100163],{"data":100104,"content":100105,"nodeType":1505},{},[100106],{"data":100107,"content":100108,"nodeType":883},{},[100109],{"data":100110,"marks":100111,"value":100112,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor obtained access to two third-party OAuth integrators, Heroku and Travis-CI, accessing databases and downloading stored customer GitHub integration OAuth tokens. These tokens had earlier been used by Travis-CI and Heroku OAuth applications to integrate with GitHub to deploy applications.",{"data":100114,"content":100115,"nodeType":1505},{},[100116],{"data":100117,"content":100118,"nodeType":883},{},[100119],{"data":100120,"marks":100121,"value":100122,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Access to the environment was gained by leveraging a compromised token for a Heroku machine account, but it is not disclosed how the threat actor achieved this. ",{"data":100124,"content":100125,"nodeType":1505},{},[100126],{"data":100127,"content":100128,"nodeType":883},{},[100129],{"data":100130,"marks":100131,"value":100132,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor authenticated to the GitHub API using the stolen OAuth tokens issued to Heroku and Travis CI.",{"data":100134,"content":100135,"nodeType":1505},{},[100136],{"data":100137,"content":100138,"nodeType":883},{},[100139],{"data":100140,"marks":100141,"value":100142,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For users who had the affected Heroku or Travis CI OAuth apps authorized in their GitHub accounts, the threat actor listed all the user's organizations.",{"data":100144,"content":100145,"nodeType":1505},{},[100146],{"data":100147,"content":100148,"nodeType":883},{},[100149],{"data":100150,"marks":100151,"value":100152,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor then selected targets based on the listed organizations.",{"data":100154,"content":100155,"nodeType":1505},{},[100156],{"data":100157,"content":100158,"nodeType":883},{},[100159],{"data":100160,"marks":100161,"value":100162,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor listed the private repositories for user accounts of interest and proceeded to clone private repositories of interest.",{"data":100164,"content":100165,"nodeType":1505},{},[100166],{"data":100167,"content":100168,"nodeType":883},{},[100169],{"data":100170,"marks":100171,"value":100172,"nodeType":867},{},[],"GitHub identified unauthorized access to their npm production infrastructure using a compromised AWS API key, obtained by the threat actor when they downloaded a set of private npm repositories using a stolen OAuth token from one of the two affected third-party OAuth applications.",{"data":100174,"content":100175,"nodeType":921},{},[100176],{"data":100177,"marks":100178,"value":100179,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What was the impact?",{"data":100181,"content":100182,"nodeType":1526},{},[100183,100193,100203],{"data":100184,"content":100185,"nodeType":1505},{},[100186],{"data":100187,"content":100188,"nodeType":883},{},[100189],{"data":100190,"marks":100191,"value":100192,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By stealing these OAuth tokens, the threat actor could access and download data from GitHub repositories belonging to those who authorized the compromised Heroku or Travis CI OAuth apps with their accounts. ",{"data":100194,"content":100195,"nodeType":1505},{},[100196],{"data":100197,"content":100198,"nodeType":883},{},[100199],{"data":100200,"marks":100201,"value":100202,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The threat actor was able to mine the downloaded private repositories for secrets that could be used to pivot to other infrastructure, stealing data from dozens of organizations. ",{"data":100204,"content":100205,"nodeType":1505},{},[100206],{"data":100207,"content":100208,"nodeType":883},{},[100209],{"data":100210,"marks":100211,"value":100212,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In addition to user repo’s downstream, the compromised token for a Heroku machine account obtained by threat actors also allowed unauthorized access into Heroku's internal database of customer accounts, enabling the threat actor to extract the hashed and salted passwords. ",{"data":100214,"content":100215,"nodeType":921},{},[100216],{"data":100217,"marks":100218,"value":100219,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What stands out in the Github breach?",{"data":100221,"content":100222,"nodeType":1526},{},[100223,100233,100243],{"data":100224,"content":100225,"nodeType":1505},{},[100226],{"data":100227,"content":100228,"nodeType":883},{},[100229],{"data":100230,"marks":100231,"value":100232,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similar to the Okta breach, this attack showcases the possibility of third-party supply chain attacks to target downstream organizations using cloud SaaS services. In this case, targeting OAuth integrators as opposed to IdP providers, but with a similar goal and impact of compromising the real target organizations downstream. ",{"data":100234,"content":100235,"nodeType":1505},{},[100236],{"data":100237,"content":100238,"nodeType":883},{},[100239],{"data":100240,"marks":100241,"value":100242,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Applications like Github are an obvious target for attackers due to their widespread adoption. 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This same drainer has been used since December to steal funds and tokens from users of Solana cryptocurrency as part of a large-scale campaign involving at least 35 affiliate IDs linked to a shared DaaS.",{"data":100551,"content":100552,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":100554,"content":100555,"nodeType":921},{},[100556],{"data":100557,"marks":100558,"value":100559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"23andMe data breach — April 2023",{"data":100561,"content":100562,"nodeType":883},{},[100563],{"data":100564,"marks":100565,"value":100566,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Genetic testing provider 23andMe confirmed that hackers downloaded the data of 6.9 million people of the existing 14 million customers after breaching around 14,000 user accounts. ",{"data":100568,"content":100569,"nodeType":883},{},[100570],{"data":100571,"marks":100572,"value":100573,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker stole health reports and raw genotype data of customers affected by a credential stuffing attack that went unnoticed for five 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Here’s how.",{"data":103549,"content":103553,"nodeType":892},{"target":103550},{"sys":103551},{"id":103552,"type":889,"linkType":890},"56lMG3VskDDU1dUHzgQxFK",[],{"data":103555,"content":103556,"nodeType":912},{},[103557],{"data":103558,"marks":103559,"value":103560,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 1: Are we using the breached service?",{"data":103562,"content":103563,"nodeType":883},{},[103564],{"data":103565,"marks":103566,"value":103567,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If this service is IT-managed in your organization, then you can probably answer this relatively quickly – at least for the tenant that is IT-managed. If it’s not, then you're going to need to check. ",{"data":103569,"content":103570,"nodeType":883},{},[103571],{"data":103572,"marks":103573,"value":103574,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s because end-users increasingly create SaaS accounts and tenants themselves without going through IT. When a third-party data breach hits the headlines, security teams are often surprised to find out that they have people in their organizations using that service.",{"data":103576,"content":103577,"nodeType":883},{},[103578],{"data":103579,"marks":103580,"value":103581,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push uses a browser agent to track every login to every application made by your employees. It offers ground truth for answering questions like: Are we using the service? 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It won’t show you non-SSO apps, tenants, or accounts that are more likely to be compromised using stolen credentials.",{"data":103630,"content":103631,"nodeType":1505},{},[103632],{"data":103633,"content":103634,"nodeType":883},{},[103635,103640],{"data":103636,"marks":103637,"value":103639,"nodeType":867},{},[103638],{"type":910},"Email",{"data":103641,"marks":103642,"value":103643,"nodeType":867},{},[]," can be used to quickly tell you if employees have received email from an app – indicating an account might exist – but won’t tell you if they signed up using personal email, when they last logged in or if they are using the same password for everything.",{"data":103645,"content":103646,"nodeType":1505},{},[103647],{"data":103648,"content":103649,"nodeType":883},{},[103650,103655],{"data":103651,"marks":103652,"value":103654,"nodeType":867},{},[103653],{"type":910},"Finance / contract records",{"data":103656,"marks":103657,"value":103658,"nodeType":867},{},[]," take time to search through and will only cover the services you pay for (many SaaS products offer a free tier). Obviously these records won’t tell you anything about vulnerable accounts.  \n",{"data":103660,"content":103664,"nodeType":892},{"target":103661},{"sys":103662},{"id":103663,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3pLEarsM0oltdxGlkHATbB",[],{"data":103666,"content":103667,"nodeType":912},{},[103668],{"data":103669,"marks":103670,"value":103671,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 2: Are any of our accounts currently vulnerable to account takeover through stolen creds?",{"data":103673,"content":103674,"nodeType":883},{},[103675],{"data":103676,"marks":103677,"value":103678,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If credentials are being sold on the dark web for a service your employees use, then you need to quickly determine whether any workforce accounts can be accessed using just the stolen credentials. In other words, are any of these accounts using a leaked password and/or missing MFA?",{"data":103680,"content":103681,"nodeType":883},{},[103682,103686,103690],{"data":103683,"marks":103684,"value":103685,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At this point, you might reach for your IdP and make sure that MFA is enforced for all logins to the affected app. But that’s only going to cover apps and tenants already using SSO. To make things more complicated, most apps still allow username and password logins in addition to SSO logins. You need to see accounts with SSO logins ",{"data":103687,"marks":103688,"value":4502,"nodeType":867},{},[103689],{"type":2278},{"data":103691,"marks":103692,"value":103693,"nodeType":867},{},[]," local logins. ",{"data":103695,"content":103696,"nodeType":883},{},[103697],{"data":103698,"marks":103699,"value":103700,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The data that Push collects in the browser provides rich web app context. 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",{"data":103737,"content":103738,"nodeType":3914},{},[103739],{"data":103740,"content":103741,"nodeType":883},{},[103742],{"data":103743,"marks":103744,"value":103745,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here at Push, we see that on average 1 in 3 users in every business reuse passwords across multiple accounts.",{"data":103747,"content":103748,"nodeType":883},{},[103749],{"data":103750,"marks":103751,"value":103752,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The password checks performed by Push also identify password reuse between applications. So if there’s a chance that a password has been stolen as part of the third-party data breach, you can make sure it’s changed across all applications. ",{"data":103754,"content":103758,"nodeType":892},{"target":103755},{"sys":103756},{"id":103757,"type":889,"linkType":890},"X9axqTO6dWEe1Jy49hAyG",[],{"data":103760,"content":103761,"nodeType":912},{},[103762],{"data":103763,"marks":103764,"value":103765,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Take action before breaches hit the headlines",{"data":103767,"content":103768,"nodeType":883},{},[103769],{"data":103770,"marks":103771,"value":103772,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The workflow described above takes seconds to perform in Push. It enables you to quickly investigate a third-party data breach to determine if you could have been impacted, and if so, to take targeted action to mitigate the risks. ",{"data":103774,"content":103775,"nodeType":883},{},[103776],{"data":103777,"marks":103778,"value":103779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That said, no one enjoys scrambling to respond to these kinds of incidents. If you use Push, you can actually get out ahead of these issues so you’re not stuck having to react.",{"data":103781,"content":103782,"nodeType":883},{},[103783],{"data":103784,"marks":103785,"value":103786,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push integrates stolen account threat intelligence and alerts you when employees are currently using the same password that’s being sold on the dark web. This allows you to take action at the earliest possible opportunity and harden vulnerable accounts before any data breach is reported in the media. ",{"data":103788,"content":103789,"nodeType":883},{},[103790],{"data":103791,"marks":103792,"value":103793,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What this means for you is that next time you’re asked, “Does this affect us?” you can say you dealt with any issues way before it landed in the headlines. ",{"data":103795,"content":103799,"nodeType":892},{"target":103796},{"sys":103797},{"id":103798,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2vFMyWtMlxzTqqtvCPmlGW",[],{"data":103801,"content":103802,"nodeType":921},{},[103803],{"data":103804,"marks":103805,"value":103806,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Do we need to log in to another security tool to do this?",{"data":103808,"content":103809,"nodeType":883},{},[103810,103814,103822],{"data":103811,"marks":103812,"value":103813,"nodeType":867},{},[],"No. Using the ",{"data":103815,"content":103816,"nodeType":878},{"uri":59379},[103817],{"data":103818,"marks":103819,"value":103821,"nodeType":867},{},[103820],{"type":876},"Push API",{"data":103823,"marks":103824,"value":103825,"nodeType":867},{},[],", you can quickly gather relevant data to support the response to a third-party data breach in your SIEM or XDR solution.",{"data":103827,"content":103828,"nodeType":921},{},[103829],{"data":103830,"marks":103831,"value":103832,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why not eliminate the risk of password-based attacks altogether? ",{"data":103834,"content":103835,"nodeType":883},{},[103836],{"data":103837,"marks":103838,"value":103839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push gives you the ability to react quickly and decisively to a third-party data breach. But it also enables you to take proactive steps to eliminate the risk of password-based attacks altogether so stolen credentials from third-party data breaches no longer pose a threat to your business. ",{"data":103841,"content":103842,"nodeType":883},{},[103843],{"data":103844,"marks":103845,"value":103846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push does this by:",{"data":103848,"content":103849,"nodeType":1526},{},[103850,103860,103870,103880],{"data":103851,"content":103852,"nodeType":1505},{},[103853],{"data":103854,"content":103855,"nodeType":883},{},[103856],{"data":103857,"marks":103858,"value":103859,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Stopping your employees from creating accounts with leaked, weak and reused passwords.",{"data":103861,"content":103862,"nodeType":1505},{},[103863],{"data":103864,"content":103865,"nodeType":883},{},[103866],{"data":103867,"marks":103868,"value":103869,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Pinning passwords to individual apps. ",{"data":103871,"content":103872,"nodeType":1505},{},[103873],{"data":103874,"content":103875,"nodeType":883},{},[103876],{"data":103877,"marks":103878,"value":103879,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Helping you to get all apps and accounts behind SSO.",{"data":103881,"content":103882,"nodeType":1505},{},[103883],{"data":103884,"content":103885,"nodeType":883},{},[103886],{"data":103887,"marks":103888,"value":103889,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Blocking phishing attacks against your employees so their credentials aren’t stolen.",{"data":103891,"content":103892,"nodeType":883},{},[103893,103897,103904],{"data":103894,"marks":103895,"value":103896,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to find out more about how Push can help you mitigate the risks of employee credentials being stolen in the third-party data breach, then ",{"data":103898,"content":103899,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[103900],{"data":103901,"marks":103902,"value":39222,"nodeType":867},{},[103903],{"type":876},{"data":103905,"marks":103906,"value":103907,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and we’ll be happy to show you. ","Investigating and responding to a third-party data breach using Push","How to use Push to investigate and respond to a third-party data breach, which results in credentials being stolen and sold on criminal marketplaces.  ","2024-06-13T00:00:00.000Z","investigating-and-responding-to-a-third-party-data-breach-using-push",{"items":103913},[103914,103916],{"sys":103915,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":103917,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":103919},[103920],{"fullName":39251,"firstName":39252,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":103921},{"url":39254},{"__typename":1670,"sys":103923,"content":103925,"title":104533,"synopsis":104534,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":104535,"slug":104536,"tagsCollection":104537,"authorsCollection":104543},{"id":103924},"6ckZjBZzRgvEVpSScGWeZQ",{"json":103926},{"data":103927,"content":103928,"nodeType":1569},{},[103929,103948,103955,103962,103979,103986,104003,104010,104017,104050,104057,104064,104071,104078,104111,104116,104122,104141,104148,104155,104162,104195,104202,104209,104216,104233,104239,104245,104251,104258,104279,104286,104293,104300,104307,104370,104377,104420,104427,104433,104440,104455,104460,104466,104473,104506,104512,104519,104526],{"data":103930,"content":103931,"nodeType":883},{},[103932,103936,103944],{"data":103933,"marks":103934,"value":103935,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We have spoken previously about ",{"data":103937,"content":103938,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1142},[103939],{"data":103940,"marks":103941,"value":103943,"nodeType":867},{},[103942],{"type":876},"SAMLjacking and poisoned tenants",{"data":103945,"marks":103946,"value":103947,"nodeType":867},{},[],", particularly with regard to clever phishing attacks aimed at gaining initial access to some cloud identities. Today, we’ll look at how Okta’s AD synchronization is pretty much SAMLjacking on steroids. We’ll also consider how it can be used as a stealthy watering-hole style lateral movement attack too.",{"data":103949,"content":103950,"nodeType":883},{},[103951],{"data":103952,"marks":103953,"value":103954,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To be clear, this isn't a vulnerability in Okta that circumvents a security boundary and needs to be patched. This is offensive use of a product feature, the SaaS version of living off the land (LOTL). Let's call it living off the cloud (LOTC).",{"data":103956,"content":103957,"nodeType":912},{},[103958],{"data":103959,"marks":103960,"value":103961,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is SAMLjacking?",{"data":103963,"content":103964,"nodeType":883},{},[103965,103968,103975],{"data":103966,"marks":103967,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":103969,"content":103970,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81066},[103971],{"data":103972,"marks":103973,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[103974],{"type":876},{"data":103976,"marks":103977,"value":103978,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is where an attacker makes use of SAML SSO configuration settings for a SaaS tenant they control in order to redirect users to a malicious link during the authentication process. This can be highly effective for phishing, as the original URL will be a legitimate SaaS URL and users will provide their credentials because they’re expecting that as part of the login process. ",{"data":103980,"content":103981,"nodeType":912},{},[103982],{"data":103983,"marks":103984,"value":103985,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is a poisoned tenant?",{"data":103987,"content":103988,"nodeType":883},{},[103989,103992,103999],{"data":103990,"marks":103991,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":103993,"content":103994,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86249},[103995],{"data":103996,"marks":103997,"value":103998,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Poisoned tenants",{"data":104000,"marks":104001,"value":104002,"nodeType":867},{},[]," involve an adversary registering a tenant for a SaaS app they control and tricking target users to join it, often using built-in invite functionality. The end goal is to have some target users actively using a tenant you (as the adversary) control.",{"data":104004,"content":104005,"nodeType":912},{},[104006],{"data":104007,"marks":104008,"value":104009,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is Oktajacking?",{"data":104011,"content":104012,"nodeType":883},{},[104013],{"data":104014,"marks":104015,"value":104016,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a name I’ve been using to refer to using Okta to do the credential capture/keylogging for you, without needing to have your own malicious domain hosting your malicious SAML server. This is even more effective than regular SAMLjacking as the user will only ever see legitimate SaaS domains, with the subdomain being the attacker-chosen part (e.g. https://attacker-tenant.okta.com).",{"data":104018,"content":104019,"nodeType":883},{},[104020,104024,104033,104037,104046],{"data":104021,"marks":104022,"value":104023,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, the awesome research that underpins this technique was conducted by Adam Chester (",{"data":104025,"content":104027,"nodeType":878},{"uri":104026},"https://twitter.com/_xpn_",[104028],{"data":104029,"marks":104030,"value":104032,"nodeType":867},{},[104031],{"type":876},"@_xpn_",{"data":104034,"marks":104035,"value":104036,"nodeType":867},{},[],") and is covered in his excellent article, ",{"data":104038,"content":104040,"nodeType":878},{"uri":104039},"https://blog.xpnsec.com/okta-for-redteamers/",[104041],{"data":104042,"marks":104043,"value":104045,"nodeType":867},{},[104044],{"type":876},"Okta for Red Teamers",{"data":104047,"marks":104048,"value":104049,"nodeType":867},{},[],". If you haven’t already read that, you absolutely should. ",{"data":104051,"content":104052,"nodeType":883},{},[104053],{"data":104054,"marks":104055,"value":104056,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Adam identified that if you compromise a Windows domain that’s linked to Okta and/or compromise an Okta admin account for an Okta instance linked to a Windows domain, you can use the Okta AD agent to capture credentials during logins. There’s lots more, but that’s the key part we’ll build upon for this article. ",{"data":104058,"content":104059,"nodeType":883},{},[104060],{"data":104061,"marks":104062,"value":104063,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This attack works because Okta forwards credentials from logins for accounts tied to AD to its own AD agent that runs on the target network. Then, Okta allows the agent to report back to them about whether the login should be successful or not. This enables an attacker who has compromised an AD agent, or is able to emulate one, to both monitor login credentials for Okta users and provide skeleton key-like functionality to authenticate to Okta as any user they like. ",{"data":104065,"content":104066,"nodeType":883},{},[104067],{"data":104068,"marks":104069,"value":104070,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The context of this in Adam’s article was primarily a traditional Windows domain compromise scenario where an attacker could use this method as a form of incredibly powerful domain-level persistence or to move laterally to other accounts. This is applicable in late-stage kill chain phases, where the attacker has already achieved a total organization-level compromise. ",{"data":104072,"content":104073,"nodeType":883},{},[104074],{"data":104075,"marks":104076,"value":104077,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, how can this technique be leveraged earlier in the kill chain? We’ll consider the following two scenarios for this article:",{"data":104079,"content":104080,"nodeType":1526},{},[104081,104096],{"data":104082,"content":104083,"nodeType":1505},{},[104084],{"data":104085,"content":104086,"nodeType":883},{},[104087,104092],{"data":104088,"marks":104089,"value":104091,"nodeType":867},{},[104090],{"type":910},"Oktajacking for initial access",{"data":104093,"marks":104094,"value":104095,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - directly phishing credentials via a valid Okta tenant we create",{"data":104097,"content":104098,"nodeType":1505},{},[104099],{"data":104100,"content":104101,"nodeType":883},{},[104102,104107],{"data":104103,"marks":104104,"value":104106,"nodeType":867},{},[104105],{"type":910},"Oktajacking for lateral movement ",{"data":104108,"marks":104109,"value":104110,"nodeType":867},{},[],"- capturing credentials via a watering hole attack when having admin-level compromised a SaaS application in use by the target organization",{"data":104112,"content":104115,"nodeType":892},{"target":104113},{"sys":104114},{"id":83090,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":104117,"content":104118,"nodeType":912},{},[104119],{"data":104120,"marks":104121,"value":104091,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":104123,"content":104124,"nodeType":883},{},[104125,104129,104138],{"data":104126,"marks":104127,"value":104128,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The most common way someone might attack Okta-protected organizations would be to conduct traditional phishing attacks hosted on an attacker-controlled domain that emulate an Okta login page. A great article to check out on this would be Nick Vangilder’s article, ",{"data":104130,"content":104132,"nodeType":878},{"uri":104131},"https://medium.com/nickvangilder/okta-for-red-teamers-perimeter-edition-c60cb8d53f23",[104133],{"data":104134,"marks":104135,"value":104137,"nodeType":867},{},[104136],{"type":876},"Okta for Red Teamers - Perimeter Edition. ",{"data":104139,"marks":104140,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":104142,"content":104143,"nodeType":883},{},[104144],{"data":104145,"marks":104146,"value":104147,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, as with most phishing attacks this involves the use of a malicious domain to host the phishing server. Okta AD synchronization allows us to use legitimate Okta domains to do the phishing for us. This attack can catch out even the most security conscious users.",{"data":104149,"content":104150,"nodeType":883},{},[104151],{"data":104152,"marks":104153,"value":104154,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To do this, we set up an attacker-controlled Okta tenant as a poisoned tenant and configure it for AD integration, using Adam Chester’s python script to harvest credentials. This enables actual Okta-owned domains to be used in phishing attacks to target users. A careful attacker would likely use a tenant name similar to the target organization’s real Okta tenant name. This is incredibly powerful and is likely to be effective against even the most security conscious users. ",{"data":104156,"content":104157,"nodeType":883},{},[104158],{"data":104159,"marks":104160,"value":104161,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A few prerequisites and tweaks are required in order to make this attack successful:",{"data":104163,"content":104164,"nodeType":1526},{},[104165,104175,104185],{"data":104166,"content":104167,"nodeType":1505},{},[104168],{"data":104169,"content":104170,"nodeType":883},{},[104171],{"data":104172,"marks":104173,"value":104174,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Import and activate accounts from AD that match the emails of users you want to target - this will ensure these emails are mapped to AD for authentication and cause Okta to send the credentials to the monitoring script.",{"data":104176,"content":104177,"nodeType":1505},{},[104178],{"data":104179,"content":104180,"nodeType":883},{},[104181],{"data":104182,"marks":104183,"value":104184,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Make a small modification to the python script to accept any password as valid, rather than a specific skeleton key. ",{"data":104186,"content":104187,"nodeType":1505},{},[104188],{"data":104189,"content":104190,"nodeType":883},{},[104191],{"data":104192,"marks":104193,"value":104194,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modify the default authentication policy for Okta to allow single-factor password authentication for the target users - this will prevent them being prompted to use Okta Verify as part of the login process.",{"data":104196,"content":104197,"nodeType":883},{},[104198],{"data":104199,"marks":104200,"value":104201,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The goal for the last two actions above is to allow target users to authenticate legitimately and then redirect them elsewhere, while capturing their credentials. This is better achieved by having their first password accepted rather than them continually failing to authenticate, which may eventually raise alarm bells. ",{"data":104203,"content":104204,"nodeType":883},{},[104205],{"data":104206,"marks":104207,"value":104208,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, we’ll use Okta’s bug bounty system as a test for our poisoned tenant, but in practice an attacker could set up a legitimate Okta tenant, pay for it and name it whatever they like. ",{"data":104210,"content":104211,"nodeType":883},{},[104212],{"data":104213,"marks":104214,"value":104215,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The end result is a legitimate Okta domain and login page that will capture credentials for the attacker, which can then be used in highly convincing phishing attacks. In this example, the following URL will capture credentials for us:",{"data":104217,"content":104218,"nodeType":883},{},[104219,104222,104230],{"data":104220,"marks":104221,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":104223,"content":104225,"nodeType":878},{"uri":104224},"https://bugcrowd-oie-lukejennings-1.oktapreview.com/",[104226],{"data":104227,"marks":104228,"value":104224,"nodeType":867},{},[104229],{"type":876},{"data":104231,"marks":104232,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":104234,"content":104238,"nodeType":892},{"target":104235},{"sys":104236},{"id":104237,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2KBgFSFnmIdKqfpp8sPGb1",[],{"data":104240,"content":104244,"nodeType":892},{"target":104241},{"sys":104242},{"id":104243,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5ef3me94SCAdM5vYXodqbF",[],{"data":104246,"content":104250,"nodeType":892},{"target":104247},{"sys":104248},{"id":104249,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3OFjwQRQTJynaPme8WY9cp",[],{"data":104252,"content":104253,"nodeType":912},{},[104254],{"data":104255,"marks":104256,"value":104257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Oktajacking for lateral movement",{"data":104259,"content":104260,"nodeType":883},{},[104261,104265,104275],{"data":104262,"marks":104263,"value":104264,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In both the previous section and our article on ",{"data":104266,"content":104270,"nodeType":13489},{"target":104267},{"sys":104268},{"id":104269,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3F96pyn4qqkbVctSOH69vm",[104271],{"data":104272,"marks":104273,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[104274],{"type":876},{"data":104276,"marks":104277,"value":104278,"nodeType":867},{},[],", we focused on conducting highly convincing phishing attacks by sending URLs for legitimate SaaS domains that capture credentials. ",{"data":104280,"content":104281,"nodeType":883},{},[104282],{"data":104283,"marks":104284,"value":104285,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But what if we achieve an admin-level compromise of a SaaS app used by a target organization that authenticates via Okta already? How can we leverage that access to perform lateral movement?",{"data":104287,"content":104288,"nodeType":883},{},[104289],{"data":104290,"marks":104291,"value":104292,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We can change the SAML configuration in the compromised SaaS application to point to a different Okta instance that we control and then conduct the same credential capture attack we saw in the previous section. ",{"data":104294,"content":104295,"nodeType":883},{},[104296],{"data":104297,"marks":104298,"value":104299,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In other words, we can then authenticate to the target SaaS application as any user we like and also capture Okta credentials for all legitimate users also using that application without needing to send any phishing links. ",{"data":104301,"content":104302,"nodeType":883},{},[104303],{"data":104304,"marks":104305,"value":104306,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re going to use Datadog as a demo example for this - just because we need something real to target. To be crystal clear, this will work for basically any app that supports SAML. This is not a bug in SAML, or in Okta, or Datadog - it's the consequence of having privileged administrative access to an app, and the ability to change SSO configuration.\n\nTo set up the attack, we need to first:",{"data":104308,"content":104309,"nodeType":1526},{},[104310,104320,104330,104340,104350,104360],{"data":104311,"content":104312,"nodeType":1505},{},[104313],{"data":104314,"content":104315,"nodeType":883},{},[104316],{"data":104317,"marks":104318,"value":104319,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Compromise the organization’s Datadog tenant at admin-level",{"data":104321,"content":104322,"nodeType":1505},{},[104323],{"data":104324,"content":104325,"nodeType":883},{},[104326],{"data":104327,"marks":104328,"value":104329,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Create a malicious Okta tenant and connect it to an active directory instance with the same email domain as the target organization",{"data":104331,"content":104332,"nodeType":1505},{},[104333],{"data":104334,"content":104335,"nodeType":883},{},[104336],{"data":104337,"marks":104338,"value":104339,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Create AD accounts for all users that will be targeted so they can be imported into Okta as AD account - in practice, it would be best to copy the list of users from Datadog and replicate this in AD and Okta",{"data":104341,"content":104342,"nodeType":1505},{},[104343],{"data":104344,"content":104345,"nodeType":883},{},[104346],{"data":104347,"marks":104348,"value":104349,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Run Adam Chester’s python script to harvest credentials for Okta AD authentication and modify it to accept any password ",{"data":104351,"content":104352,"nodeType":1505},{},[104353],{"data":104354,"content":104355,"nodeType":883},{},[104356],{"data":104357,"marks":104358,"value":104359,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modify the Datadog SAML configuration to point to the malicious Okta tenant, instead of the original legitimate Okta tenant",{"data":104361,"content":104362,"nodeType":1505},{},[104363],{"data":104364,"content":104365,"nodeType":883},{},[104366],{"data":104367,"marks":104368,"value":104369,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Sit back, relax, and watch the credentials coming in",{"data":104371,"content":104372,"nodeType":883},{},[104373],{"data":104374,"marks":104375,"value":104376,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now we’ll explain what happens from the perspective of other users of the target organization’s Datadog tenant that has been compromised:",{"data":104378,"content":104379,"nodeType":1526},{},[104380,104390,104400,104410],{"data":104381,"content":104382,"nodeType":1505},{},[104383],{"data":104384,"content":104385,"nodeType":883},{},[104386],{"data":104387,"marks":104388,"value":104389,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Their Datadog session expires and they’re redirected back to the SAML login provider for re-authentication - in this case, to our malicious Okta tenant we have substituted for the real Okta tenant",{"data":104391,"content":104392,"nodeType":1505},{},[104393],{"data":104394,"content":104395,"nodeType":883},{},[104396],{"data":104397,"marks":104398,"value":104399,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The user enters their credentials into the login page for our malicious Okta tenant. Our instance of Adam Chester’s AD synchronization script harvests the user’s login credentials.",{"data":104401,"content":104402,"nodeType":1505},{},[104403],{"data":104404,"content":104405,"nodeType":883},{},[104406],{"data":104407,"marks":104408,"value":104409,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The user is already accustomed to using Okta to access Datadog, the Okta login page they are directed to is on a legitimate Okta domain and they haven’t clicked any links in emails/IM messages so there is no reason for suspicion.",{"data":104411,"content":104412,"nodeType":1505},{},[104413],{"data":104414,"content":104415,"nodeType":883},{},[104416],{"data":104417,"marks":104418,"value":104419,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The modification we made to accept any credentials means the script returns true to Okta and causes Okta to accept the authentication attempt. This causes the user to be logged into the legitimate Datadog tenant again, where they can carry on their work, unaware they have just had their Okta credentials stolen.",{"data":104421,"content":104422,"nodeType":883},{},[104423],{"data":104424,"marks":104425,"value":104426,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The following video shows what a login attempt to Datadog looks like after the SAML configuration has been modified to point to our malicious Okta tenant. You can see how all the URLs observed are legitimate Datadog and Okta domains, any password will be accepted and harvested and the target user will be logged into the legitimate Datadog tenant successfully at the end.",{"data":104428,"content":104432,"nodeType":892},{"target":104429},{"sys":104430},{"id":104431,"type":889,"linkType":890},"dHVOdvHLdVzOEGai6qtSl",[],{"data":104434,"content":104435,"nodeType":883},{},[104436],{"data":104437,"marks":104438,"value":104439,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This type of attack sits somewhere in the middle of the kill chain between the initial access phishing we covered in the previous section and the full active directory/Okta domain compromise Adam Chester covered in his article. 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attacks have always been a go-to technique for both red teamers and real-world threat actors alike. Whether focused on harvesting creds or running malicious payloads, phishing has continued to be adapted to circumvent defenses and has remained highly effective due to this.",{"data":105799,"content":105800,"nodeType":883},{},[105801],{"data":105802,"marks":105803,"value":105804,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As MFA has become more common, classic password harvesting focused phishing attacks have become less effective. Typically, for a full account compromise, an MFA push notification or a one-time passcode (OTP) needs to be entered at the time of login. This means harvesting passwords and using them later is no longer effective alone, because an MFA factor is still required each time a valid login is performed.",{"data":105806,"content":105807,"nodeType":883},{},[105808],{"data":105809,"marks":105810,"value":105811,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing is a newer variant of phishing that allows attackers to circumvent MFA protection. In this article, we’re going to look at what AitM phishing is, how it works, and what you can do about it.",{"data":105813,"content":105814,"nodeType":912},{},[105815],{"data":105816,"marks":105817,"value":105818,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is AitM phishing?",{"data":105820,"content":105821,"nodeType":883},{},[105822],{"data":105823,"marks":105824,"value":105825,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AitM phishing is a technique that uses dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection. ",{"data":105827,"content":105828,"nodeType":883},{},[105829],{"data":105830,"marks":105831,"value":105832,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While any login portal can be a target, attackers typically look for SSO login portals such as Microsoft Entra, Okta, or Google Workspace. This allows the target to log in successfully with a legitimate service they use and even continue to interact with it, while providing additional access to connected SSO apps if the attack is successful. ",{"data":105834,"content":105835,"nodeType":883},{},[105836],{"data":105837,"marks":105838,"value":105839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. For example, if accessing their webmail, the user will see all their real emails; if accessing their cloud file store then all their real files will be present, etc. This gives the method an increased sense of authenticity and makes the compromise less obvious to the user. However, because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions and also take control of the authenticated session to gain control of the user account. ",{"data":105841,"content":105842,"nodeType":883},{},[105843],{"data":105844,"marks":105845,"value":105846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While this access is technically temporary, since the attacker is unable to re-authenticate in future without additional MFA prompts, in practice authenticated sessions can often last as long as 30 days or more if kept active. Additionally, there are a wide range of persistence techniques that allow an attacker to maintain some level of access to the user account and/or targeted application indefinitely. ",{"data":105848,"content":105849,"nodeType":883},{},[105850],{"data":105851,"marks":105852,"value":105853,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll revisit this point later, but for now let’s consider the two main techniques that are used to implement AitM phishing: Reverse web proxies and Browser-in-the-Middle techniques.",{"data":105855,"content":105859,"nodeType":892},{"target":105856},{"sys":105857},{"id":105858,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6WEolDcviadCgAW4dCgTPW",[],{"data":105861,"content":105862,"nodeType":921},{},[105863],{"data":105864,"marks":105865,"value":105866,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reverse web proxy techniques",{"data":105868,"content":105869,"nodeType":883},{},[105870],{"data":105871,"marks":105872,"value":105873,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One common AitM phishing approach is to use tooling that acts as a reverse web proxy. For example, let’s say a victim is tricked into visiting a malicious domain. Under the hood, HTTP requests are passed between the victim’s browser and the real site via the malicious site. When the malicious site receives an HTTP request, it forwards this request on to the legitimate site it is impersonating, receives the response, and then forwards that on to the victim. ",{"data":105875,"content":105876,"nodeType":883},{},[105877],{"data":105878,"marks":105879,"value":105880,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In practice, there are many technical challenges, such as rewriting all links and references to the impersonated site to ensure everything continues to be sent to the attacker. However, at a high level, it really is just acting as a reverse web proxy.",{"data":105882,"content":105883,"nodeType":883},{},[105884,105888,105895,105898,105905,105909,105916,105920,105927],{"data":105885,"marks":105886,"value":105887,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is arguably the most scalable and reliable approach from an attacker’s point of view. Open-source tools that demonstrate this method include ",{"data":105889,"content":105890,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78838},[105891],{"data":105892,"marks":105893,"value":78843,"nodeType":867},{},[105894],{"type":876},{"data":105896,"marks":105897,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":105899,"content":105900,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78849},[105901],{"data":105902,"marks":105903,"value":78854,"nodeType":867},{},[105904],{"type":876},{"data":105906,"marks":105907,"value":105908,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and the ever popular ",{"data":105910,"content":105911,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78860},[105912],{"data":105913,"marks":105914,"value":78865,"nodeType":867},{},[105915],{"type":876},{"data":105917,"marks":105918,"value":105919,"nodeType":867},{},[],". In the criminal world, there are also similar private toolsets available that have been used in many breaches in the past. A good example of this would be ",{"data":105921,"content":105922,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78871},[105923],{"data":105924,"marks":105925,"value":78876,"nodeType":867},{},[105926],{"type":876},{"data":105928,"marks":105929,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":105931,"content":105932,"nodeType":883},{},[105933],{"data":105934,"marks":105935,"value":105936,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One downside to this approach is that there are controls that can be put in place to block it. For example, application developers can hide obfuscated JavaScript code that will fail if the correct value is not produced, checking that the origin matches the expected (legitimate) domains or contains encrypted tokens including this material sent as part of the login process. ",{"data":105938,"content":105939,"nodeType":883},{},[105940],{"data":105941,"marks":105942,"value":105943,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While your average small website is not going to be implementing such checks, major identity providers have a strong vested interest in evolving their defenses to block these techniques. At this point, it’s a cat-and-mouse game. ",{"data":105945,"content":105946,"nodeType":883},{},[105947,105951,105960],{"data":105948,"marks":105949,"value":105950,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to know more about this space, then definitely check out ",{"data":105952,"content":105954,"nodeType":878},{"uri":105953},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-Fh4sIdY8c",[105955],{"data":105956,"marks":105957,"value":105959,"nodeType":867},{},[105958],{"type":876},"Kuba Gretzky’s talk on this at x33fcon",{"data":105961,"marks":105962,"value":37381,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":105964,"content":105965,"nodeType":921},{},[105966],{"data":105967,"marks":105968,"value":105969,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) techniques ",{"data":105971,"content":105972,"nodeType":883},{},[105973],{"data":105974,"marks":105975,"value":105976,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another common approach is known as Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM). Rather than act as a reverse web proxy, this technique tricks a target into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser remotely using desktop screen sharing and control approaches, much like VNC and RDP. This enables the attacker to harvest not just the username and password, but all other associated secrets and tokens that go along with the login. ",{"data":105978,"content":105979,"nodeType":883},{},[105980],{"data":105981,"marks":105982,"value":105983,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, the victim isn’t interacting with a fake website clone or proxy. They are literally remotely controlling the attacker’s browser to log in to the legitimate application without realizing. This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to login to Okta for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards. Thanks very much!",{"data":105985,"content":105986,"nodeType":883},{},[105987,105991,105999,106003,106012],{"data":105988,"marks":105989,"value":105990,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Practically speaking, the most common approach for implementing this technique is using the open-source project noVNC, which is a JavaScript-based VNC client that allows VNC to be used in the browser. Probably the most well-known example of an offensive tool implementing this is ",{"data":105992,"content":105993,"nodeType":878},{"uri":95062},[105994],{"data":105995,"marks":105996,"value":105998,"nodeType":867},{},[105997],{"type":876},"EvilnoVNC",{"data":106000,"marks":106001,"value":106002,"nodeType":867},{},[],", which spins up Docker instances of VNC and proxies access to them, while also logging keystrokes and cookies to facilitate account compromise. Tools like ",{"data":106004,"content":106006,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106005},"https://posts.specterops.io/phishing-with-dynamite-7d33d8fac038",[106007],{"data":106008,"marks":106009,"value":106011,"nodeType":867},{},[106010],{"type":876},"Cuddlephish",{"data":106013,"marks":106014,"value":106015,"nodeType":867},{},[]," offer similar functionality using WebRTC. ",{"data":106017,"content":106018,"nodeType":883},{},[106019,106023,106028],{"data":106020,"marks":106021,"value":106022,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The advantage of this approach is that ",{"data":106024,"marks":106025,"value":106027,"nodeType":867},{},[106026],{"type":910},"it is incredibly difficult for the target websites to do anything to stop it",{"data":106029,"marks":106030,"value":106031,"nodeType":867},{},[],". From their perspective, all they see is a legitimate browser accessing their website and logging in. None of the JavaScript tricks for checking the origin will work. They aren’t in a position to be able to see that the browser is secretly being controlled remotely by the victim user without their knowledge. ",{"data":106033,"content":106034,"nodeType":883},{},[106035],{"data":106036,"marks":106037,"value":106038,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the downside, while noVNC can be extremely convincing, the illusion can sometimes be broken due to it not behaving exactly like a real website would due it being a graphical rendering. For example, something as simple as resizing the browser window can introduce render resolution issues. It’s also more difficult to scale for attacking large numbers of users than a reverse proxy technique.",{"data":106040,"content":106041,"nodeType":883},{},[106042],{"data":106043,"marks":106044,"value":106045,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Footnote: BitM is not to be confused with Browser-in-the-Browser (BitB), which is more of a malicious pop-up (think when a login button spawns a new browser window). ",{"data":106047,"content":106048,"nodeType":912},{},[106049],{"data":106050,"marks":106051,"value":106052,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Beyond initial access",{"data":106054,"content":106055,"nodeType":883},{},[106056],{"data":106057,"marks":106058,"value":106059,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So maybe you’re thinking now “OK, sounds kinda bad, but I’m not that worried. Maybe some user accounts get compromised by this method despite all my MFA protections, but at least the attacker only has temporary access, right?” ",{"data":106061,"content":106062,"nodeType":883},{},[106063],{"data":106064,"marks":106065,"value":106066,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In theory, access is temporary as sessions time out. And if spotted, the security team can respond by killing the authenticated sessions and forcing password changes for the compromised users. Then the attacker is back to square one, right? Their session is lost, they still don’t have MFA, and even the password they keylogged has now been changed.",{"data":106068,"content":106069,"nodeType":883},{},[106070],{"data":106071,"marks":106072,"value":106073,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In practice, it’s not this simple. We mentioned earlier how SSO portals are often the most common targets for these attacks. For most modern organizations, this means their core identity provider, which just so happens to be the gateway to accessing many other web applications, whether internal applications or a multitude of SaaS applications. ",{"data":106075,"content":106076,"nodeType":883},{},[106077,106081,106090],{"data":106078,"marks":106079,"value":106080,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s consider the example of an organization using Okta where their Okta login portal has been used as the target for AitM phishing. A smart attacker is going to immediately leverage this access to establish authenticated sessions on every single application that Okta provides the user access to. They are also going to ",{"data":106082,"content":106084,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106083},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/okta-swa/",[106085],{"data":106086,"marks":106087,"value":106089,"nodeType":867},{},[106088],{"type":876},"abuse Okta SWA",{"data":106091,"marks":106092,"value":106093,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to steal valid credentials for whichever applications support this method. And if that’s not enough, there are a variety of simple methods to achieve persistence on most downstream SaaS applications and sometimes even identity providers themselves.",{"data":106095,"content":106096,"nodeType":883},{},[106097,106101,106108],{"data":106098,"marks":106099,"value":106100,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While the full details of these persistence attacks are outside the scope of this article, more details on some key attacks can be found in a resource we created called the ",{"data":106102,"content":106103,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[106104],{"data":106105,"marks":106106,"value":39275,"nodeType":867},{},[106107],{"type":876},{"data":106109,"marks":106110,"value":106111,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Some of the most common techniques that apply here are: ",{"data":106113,"content":106114,"nodeType":1526},{},[106115,106135,106156,106176,106196],{"data":106116,"content":106117,"nodeType":1505},{},[106118],{"data":106119,"content":106120,"nodeType":883},{},[106121,106124,106132],{"data":106122,"marks":106123,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106125,"content":106126,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37489},[106127],{"data":106128,"marks":106129,"value":106131,"nodeType":867},{},[106130],{"type":876},"SAT1004 - API keys",{"data":106133,"marks":106134,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106136,"content":106137,"nodeType":1505},{},[106138],{"data":106139,"content":106140,"nodeType":883},{},[106141,106144,106153],{"data":106142,"marks":106143,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106145,"content":106147,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106146},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_sharing/description.md",[106148],{"data":106149,"marks":106150,"value":106152,"nodeType":867},{},[106151],{"type":876},"SAT1022 - Link sharing",{"data":106154,"marks":106155,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106157,"content":106158,"nodeType":1505},{},[106159],{"data":106160,"content":106161,"nodeType":883},{},[106162,106165,106173],{"data":106163,"marks":106164,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106166,"content":106167,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[106168],{"data":106169,"marks":106170,"value":106172,"nodeType":867},{},[106171],{"type":876},"SAT1017 - Ghost logins",{"data":106174,"marks":106175,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106177,"content":106178,"nodeType":1505},{},[106179],{"data":106180,"content":106181,"nodeType":883},{},[106182,106185,106193],{"data":106183,"marks":106184,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106186,"content":106187,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80823},[106188],{"data":106189,"marks":106190,"value":106192,"nodeType":867},{},[106191],{"type":876},"SAT1027 - OAuth tokens",{"data":106194,"marks":106195,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106197,"content":106198,"nodeType":1505},{},[106199],{"data":106200,"content":106201,"nodeType":883},{},[106202,106205,106213],{"data":106203,"marks":106204,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106206,"content":106207,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66399},[106208],{"data":106209,"marks":106210,"value":106212,"nodeType":867},{},[106211],{"type":876},"SAT1033 - Shadow workflows",{"data":106214,"marks":106215,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106217,"content":106218,"nodeType":883},{},[106219],{"data":106220,"marks":106221,"value":106222,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Suddenly, containing the breach just got a LOT more complicated.",{"data":106224,"content":106225,"nodeType":883},{},[106226,106230,106237],{"data":106227,"marks":106228,"value":106229,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s not just application-level lateral movement and persistence to worry about, though. It’s possible the attacker can start moving laterally across other user accounts. If they have selected their targets well, they might even find they have admin access to some downstream SaaS application that has been configured for SAML logins using Okta. For example, maybe they compromise a finance employee who has admin access to their business expenses SaaS application. Then the attacker might be able to use a new technique like ",{"data":106231,"content":106232,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81066},[106233],{"data":106234,"marks":106235,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[106236],{"type":876},{"data":106238,"marks":106239,"value":106240,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to start attacking other users in a watering hole attack to achieve lateral movement.",{"data":106242,"content":106243,"nodeType":912},{},[106244],{"data":106245,"marks":106246,"value":106247,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Video demo – chaining it all together",{"data":106249,"content":106250,"nodeType":883},{},[106251],{"data":106252,"marks":106253,"value":106254,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OK, so we’ve just jumped from an account compromise for initial access using an AitM phishing attack to bringing up a huge number of other connected techniques. Let’s look at a quick video demonstration of an AitM phishing attack chained together with post-exploitation steps for persistence and lateral movement so we can see how it all fits together.",{"data":106256,"content":106257,"nodeType":883},{},[106258],{"data":106259,"marks":106260,"value":106261,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, we’ll use EvilnoVNC targeting Okta as the core example for the AitM phishing attack:",{"data":106263,"content":106267,"nodeType":892},{"target":106264},{"sys":106265},{"id":106266,"type":889,"linkType":890},"QGTEWzmOL1vrgjXPuV4Gg",[],{"data":106269,"content":106270,"nodeType":883},{},[106271],{"data":106272,"marks":106273,"value":106274,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We can see here that AitM phishing attacks are not only highly effective even in the presence of MFA, but that post-exploitation steps have become so numerous that effective response and containment for even a low-privileged user account are now a significant challenge.",{"data":106276,"content":106277,"nodeType":912},{},[106278],{"data":106279,"marks":106280,"value":106281,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Post-exploitation automation is coming",{"data":106283,"content":106284,"nodeType":883},{},[106285],{"data":106286,"marks":106287,"value":106288,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is a saying that attacks only become more effective over time. In the past, toolsets like Metasploit and Cobalt Strike became increasingly focused on post-exploitation and automation to enable much more sophisticated compromises.",{"data":106290,"content":106291,"nodeType":883},{},[106292,106296,106307,106311,106316],{"data":106293,"marks":106294,"value":106295,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As AitM becomes increasingly popular (for example, researchers at Lab539 have reported ",{"data":106297,"content":106298,"nodeType":878},{"uri":79683},[106299,106304],{"data":106300,"marks":106301,"value":106303,"nodeType":867},{},[106302],{"type":876},"a significant ramp up in attacker infrastructure linked to AitM campaigns",{"data":106305,"marks":106306,"value":7630,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106308,"marks":106309,"value":106310,"nodeType":867},{},[]," it’s only a matter of time now before we see AitM phishing frameworks moving in the same direction and performing many of the lateral movement and persistence steps we saw above – automatically on every successful account compromise. The threat will increase ",{"data":106312,"marks":106313,"value":106315,"nodeType":867},{},[106314],{"type":910},"significantly",{"data":106317,"marks":106318,"value":106319,"nodeType":867},{},[]," when this becomes the case.",{"data":106321,"content":106322,"nodeType":912},{},[106323],{"data":106324,"marks":106325,"value":65842,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106327,"content":106328,"nodeType":883},{},[106329],{"data":106330,"marks":106331,"value":106332,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve covered a lot of ground here, so let’s take a step back and consider the key points of impact:",{"data":106334,"content":106335,"nodeType":1526},{},[106336,106346,106356],{"data":106337,"content":106338,"nodeType":1505},{},[106339],{"data":106340,"content":106341,"nodeType":883},{},[106342],{"data":106343,"marks":106344,"value":106345,"nodeType":867},{},[],"AitM phishing techniques are highly effective and increasingly common, and can bypass most common forms of MFA.",{"data":106347,"content":106348,"nodeType":1505},{},[106349],{"data":106350,"content":106351,"nodeType":883},{},[106352],{"data":106353,"marks":106354,"value":106355,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These techniques are being used by real threat actors and red teamers alike, with both criminal and open-source tools available for performing these attacks.",{"data":106357,"content":106358,"nodeType":1505},{},[106359],{"data":106360,"content":106361,"nodeType":883},{},[106362],{"data":106363,"marks":106364,"value":106365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are many options for lateral movement and persistence after an account compromise, so simple containment actions like password resets for SSO credentials are not nearly enough to contain a knowledgeable attacker.",{"data":106367,"content":106368,"nodeType":912},{},[106369],{"data":106370,"marks":106371,"value":106372,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What can blue teams do about it?",{"data":106374,"content":106375,"nodeType":883},{},[106376],{"data":106377,"marks":106378,"value":106379,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s important that organizations develop their capability to detect and respond to AitM attacks. Possible approaches include:",{"data":106381,"content":106382,"nodeType":1526},{},[106383,106398,106433,106461],{"data":106384,"content":106385,"nodeType":1505},{},[106386],{"data":106387,"content":106388,"nodeType":883},{},[106389,106394],{"data":106390,"marks":106391,"value":106393,"nodeType":867},{},[106392],{"type":910},"Move to FIDO MFA where possible",{"data":106395,"marks":106396,"value":106397,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (though, if no more susceptible backup methods are enabled, this does introduce operational challenges if passkeys are lost).",{"data":106399,"content":106400,"nodeType":1505},{},[106401],{"data":106402,"content":106403,"nodeType":883},{},[106404,106409,106412,106417,106421,106430],{"data":106405,"marks":106406,"value":106408,"nodeType":867},{},[106407],{"type":910},"Detect and block known-bad malicious",{"data":106410,"marks":106411,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106413,"marks":106414,"value":106416,"nodeType":867},{},[106415],{"type":910},"sites",{"data":106418,"marks":106419,"value":106420,"nodeType":867},{},[]," used in phishing campaigns. There are many threat intelligence feeds that can be ingested to achieve this. Usually, a domain has to be used in a malicious campaign before it can be catalogued – meaning there's typically a window of opportunity before the infrastructure is burned. That said, security researchers at Lab539 (yes, another shout out) have developed a way of identifying sites running AitM tooling – even before they are used for the first time. ",{"data":106422,"content":106424,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106423},"https://www.lab539.com/aitm",[106425],{"data":106426,"marks":106427,"value":106429,"nodeType":867},{},[106428],{"type":876},"You can sign up to get access to their feed here.",{"data":106431,"marks":106432,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106434,"content":106435,"nodeType":1505},{},[106436],{"data":106437,"content":106438,"nodeType":883},{},[106439,106444,106448,106457],{"data":106440,"marks":106441,"value":106443,"nodeType":867},{},[106442],{"type":910},"Introduce controls to detect phishing toolkits and cloned websites",{"data":106445,"marks":106446,"value":106447,"nodeType":867},{},[],". You can never rely on blocking malicious sites via TI feeds alone, so additional layers of defence are required. Push customers benefit from detection of AitM toolkits like Evilginx and EvilNoVNC in the browser (more to come on this soon!), while Thinkst Canary has developed ",{"data":106449,"content":106451,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106450},"https://blog.thinkst.com/2024/01/defending-against-the-attack-of-the-cloned-websites.html",[106452],{"data":106453,"marks":106454,"value":106456,"nodeType":867},{},[106455],{"type":876},"methods of detecting whenever your website or login portal is cloned",{"data":106458,"marks":106459,"value":106460,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – very cool.  ",{"data":106462,"content":106463,"nodeType":1505},{},[106464],{"data":106465,"content":106466,"nodeType":883},{},[106467,106472],{"data":106468,"marks":106469,"value":106471,"nodeType":867},{},[106470],{"type":910},"Update IR playbooks to to deal with SSO account compromise,",{"data":106473,"marks":106474,"value":106475,"nodeType":867},{},[]," factoring in lateral movement and persistence across cloud apps. This really necessitates that you understand what business apps your organization is using, how they are accessed (e.g. SSO or username and password) and what functionality exists that could be abused by an attacker. ",{"data":106477,"content":106478,"nodeType":883},{},[106479,106483,106490],{"data":106480,"marks":106481,"value":106482,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to know more about how Push detects and blocks phishing tools in the browser, you can ",{"data":106484,"content":106485,"nodeType":878},{"uri":67067},[106486],{"data":106487,"marks":106488,"value":106489,"nodeType":867},{},[],"check out our article here",{"data":106491,"marks":106492,"value":3739,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106494,"content":106495,"nodeType":912},{},[106496],{"data":106497,"marks":106498,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106500,"content":106501,"nodeType":883},{},[106502],{"data":106503,"marks":106504,"value":106505,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve seen in this article how there are multiple ways to perform AitM phishing attacks and how they can be extremely effective at targeting users even when their accounts are protected by MFA.  ",{"data":106507,"content":106508,"nodeType":883},{},[106509],{"data":106510,"marks":106511,"value":106512,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Very few organizations are universally using phishing-resistant MFA, such as FIDO-based methods, and even those that do often have fallback options to handle situations where they cannot be used and/or tokens malfunction or are lost. Therefore, the vast majority of organizations are at risk of AitM phishing attacks.",{"data":106514,"content":106515,"nodeType":883},{},[106516],{"data":106517,"marks":106518,"value":106519,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To make things worse, there are lateral movement and persistence techniques that can be exploited to greatly extend the depth of compromise even for a single low-privilege user account. This makes response and containment a significant challenge.",{"data":106521,"content":106522,"nodeType":883},{},[106523,106527,106534,106537,106545,106549,106557,106561,106570],{"data":106524,"marks":106525,"value":106526,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Phishing attacks are clearly evolving. Phishing attacks are no longer limited to email-based delivery mechanisms or being hosted on custom domains. There are many options now for delivering phishing attacks using ",{"data":106528,"content":106529,"nodeType":878},{"uri":97220},[106530],{"data":106531,"marks":106532,"value":97226,"nodeType":867},{},[106533],{"type":876},{"data":106535,"marks":106536,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":106538,"content":106539,"nodeType":878},{"uri":97232},[106540],{"data":106541,"marks":106542,"value":106544,"nodeType":867},{},[106543],{"type":876},"Microsoft Teams",{"data":106546,"marks":106547,"value":106548,"nodeType":867},{},[],", using ",{"data":106550,"content":106551,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1142},[106552],{"data":106553,"marks":106554,"value":106556,"nodeType":867},{},[106555],{"type":876},"SAMLjacking attacks",{"data":106558,"marks":106559,"value":106560,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to host the initial landing page on legitimate SaaS web domains or even using ",{"data":106562,"content":106564,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106563},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/oktajacking/",[106565],{"data":106566,"marks":106567,"value":106569,"nodeType":867},{},[106568],{"type":876},"Okta to keylog credentials",{"data":106571,"marks":106572,"value":106573,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on behalf of the attacker. ",{"data":106575,"content":106576,"nodeType":883},{},[106577],{"data":106578,"marks":106579,"value":106580,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Increasingly, we should expect to see AitM toolkits being used as a standard part of phishing campaigns, and featured in Initial Access Broker tooling – AitM will effectively supersede legacy phishing methods in line with MFA adoption. Rather, it already is. ",{"data":106582,"content":106583,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":106585,"content":106586,"nodeType":883},{},[106587],{"data":106588,"marks":106589,"value":106590,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you're interested in seeing some more AitM tools in action, you can watch our recent webinar on-demand via the link below. ",{"data":106592,"content":106595,"nodeType":892},{"target":106593},{"sys":106594},{"id":105858,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":106597,"content":106598,"nodeType":883},{},[106599],{"data":106600,"marks":106601,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers are using Adversary in the Middle (AitM) phishing toolkits to bypass MFA. 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",{"data":111534,"content":111535,"nodeType":883},{},[111536],{"data":111537,"marks":111538,"value":111539,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using Push’s unique vantage point in the browser, we set out to attack this problem from a new angle. ",{"data":111541,"content":111542,"nodeType":883},{},[111543],{"data":111544,"marks":111545,"value":111547,"nodeType":867},{},[111546],{"type":910},"Instead of trying to detect phishing websites and domains that constantly change, we can now detect (and block!) phishing attempts based on directly observing user behavior in the browser.",{"data":111549,"content":111552,"nodeType":892},{"target":111550},{"sys":111551},{"id":103798,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":111554,"content":111555,"nodeType":883},{},[111556,111560,111564],{"data":111557,"marks":111558,"value":111559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Our latest feature, ",{"data":111561,"marks":111562,"value":66880,"nodeType":867},{},[111563],{"type":910},{"data":111565,"marks":111566,"value":111567,"nodeType":867},{},[],", detects and blocks when a user enters their identity provider password on a webpage that does not belong to the IdP (e.g Okta, Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, etc.).",{"data":111569,"content":111570,"nodeType":883},{},[111571],{"data":111572,"marks":111573,"value":111575,"nodeType":867},{},[111574],{"type":910},"This means that even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site, Push still detects it and blocks it.",{"data":111577,"content":111581,"nodeType":892},{"target":111578},{"sys":111579},{"id":111580,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4eCSQGec7mozFLDucNMO7m",[],{"data":111583,"content":111584,"nodeType":921},{},[111585],{"data":111586,"marks":111587,"value":111588,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How does it work?",{"data":111590,"content":111591,"nodeType":883},{},[111592],{"data":111593,"marks":111594,"value":111595,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Instead of detecting a phishing page based on a known-bad signature, the Push browser agent dynamically inspects user behavior and the attributes of the page itself.",{"data":111597,"content":111598,"nodeType":883},{},[111599],{"data":111600,"marks":111601,"value":111602,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The browser agent works by observing all logins and generating a salted partial hash of the user’s password, known as a fingerprint. This fingerprint is then stored locally to allow Push to perform comparisons. ",{"data":111604,"content":111605,"nodeType":883},{},[111606],{"data":111607,"marks":111608,"value":111609,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To detect potential phishing attacks, the browser agent compares the observed password fingerprint to known fingerprints for identity provider passwords that already exist in local storage. ",{"data":111611,"content":111612,"nodeType":883},{},[111613],{"data":111614,"marks":111615,"value":111617,"nodeType":867},{},[111616],{"type":910},"If an employee enters a known IdP password on a webpage that Push doesn’t recognize, Push blocks it. ",{"data":111619,"content":111620,"nodeType":883},{},[111621],{"data":111622,"marks":111623,"value":111624,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you’ve discovered a malicious site, use Push’s companion feature, URL blocking, to add the domain to a blocklist and prevent your other end-users from visiting the site. ",{"data":111626,"content":111627,"nodeType":883},{},[111628,111631,111637],{"data":111629,"marks":111630,"value":78733,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111632,"content":111633,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78736},[111634],{"data":111635,"marks":111636,"value":78741,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111638,"marks":111639,"value":78745,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111641,"content":111642,"nodeType":883},{},[111643,111647,111652],{"data":111644,"marks":111645,"value":111646,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push administrators can configure SSO password protection in Monitor, Warn, or Block modes to first observe how often employees are re-using IdP credentials on other sites, eliminating any false positives by adding them to an ignore list, and then turning on Warn or Block to ",{"data":111648,"marks":111649,"value":111651,"nodeType":867},{},[111650],{"type":910},"show a custom message",{"data":111653,"marks":111654,"value":111655,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that either provides a speedbump for users (“Are you sure this isn’t a phishing site?”) or prevents them from logging in altogether.",{"data":111657,"content":111660,"nodeType":892},{"target":111658},{"sys":111659},{"id":27249,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":111662,"content":111663,"nodeType":883},{},[111664],{"data":111665,"marks":111666,"value":111667,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Supported identity providers include Okta, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, JumpCloud, Duo and Ping Identity. ",{"data":111669,"content":111670,"nodeType":883},{},[111671,111675,111682],{"data":111672,"marks":111673,"value":111674,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can also ",{"data":111676,"content":111677,"nodeType":878},{"uri":60081},[111678],{"data":111679,"marks":111680,"value":111681,"nodeType":867},{},[],"get alerted",{"data":111683,"marks":111684,"value":111685,"nodeType":867},{},[]," via webhook when Push detects a suspected phishing event.",{"data":111687,"content":111688,"nodeType":883},{},[111689,111693,111701],{"data":111690,"marks":111691,"value":111692,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Learn more about how it works and the end-user experience in our ",{"data":111694,"content":111697,"nodeType":13489},{"target":111695},{"sys":111696},{"id":14180,"type":889,"linkType":890},[111698],{"data":111699,"marks":111700,"value":52400,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111702,"marks":111703,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111705,"content":111706,"nodeType":921},{},[111707],{"data":111708,"marks":111709,"value":111710,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But what about … ",{"data":111712,"content":111713,"nodeType":883},{},[111714,111718,111722,111725,111730],{"data":111715,"marks":111716,"value":111717,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Yes, we believe ",{"data":111719,"marks":111720,"value":457,"nodeType":867},{},[111721],{"type":910},{"data":111723,"marks":111724,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111726,"marks":111727,"value":111729,"nodeType":867},{},[111728],{"type":910},"conditional access policies",{"data":111731,"marks":111732,"value":111733,"nodeType":867},{},[]," are important parts of a defense-in-depth strategy against phishing — in addition to protecting IdP credentials directly in the browser.",{"data":111735,"content":111736,"nodeType":883},{},[111737],{"data":111738,"marks":111739,"value":111740,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s why MFA and conditional access policies aren’t enough:",{"data":111742,"content":111743,"nodeType":1526},{},[111744,111754],{"data":111745,"content":111746,"nodeType":1505},{},[111747],{"data":111748,"content":111749,"nodeType":883},{},[111750],{"data":111751,"marks":111752,"value":111753,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MFA is not infallible and not all MFA methods are created equal. Methods such as SMS, TOTP, or even push notifications are phishable. Even if your employees are also using more phishing-resistant forms of MFA, such as WebAuthn, it’s common for accounts to use multiple MFA methods and an attacker need only target the weakest one. An attacker in possession of an SSO password also has leverage to socially engineer an authentication reset, including an MFA reset.",{"data":111755,"content":111756,"nodeType":1505},{},[111757],{"data":111758,"content":111759,"nodeType":883},{},[111760],{"data":111761,"marks":111762,"value":111763,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s worryingly common for us to deploy Push and find that a customer’s conditional access policies aren’t implemented as they are designed to be. The most common reason is that admins have to create so many exceptions to allow for real-world situations that policies become complex and full of gaps.",{"data":111765,"content":111766,"nodeType":883},{},[111767,111771,111775],{"data":111768,"marks":111769,"value":111770,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And of course, protecting ",{"data":111772,"marks":111773,"value":17818,"nodeType":867},{},[111774],{"type":2278},{"data":111776,"marks":111777,"value":111778,"nodeType":867},{},[]," your organization’s passwords is important. In fact, we’re currently developing this feature further so it will do just that! We focus here on IdP passwords because they’re a higher-value target for attackers — and the frequent target of recent real-world attacks.",{"data":111780,"content":111781,"nodeType":921},{},[111782],{"data":111783,"marks":111784,"value":111785,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why IdP accounts?",{"data":111787,"content":111788,"nodeType":883},{},[111789,111793,111801],{"data":111790,"marks":111791,"value":111792,"nodeType":867},{},[],"IdP accounts have been targeted in several high-profile recent attacks, like those carried out by Scattered Spider against MGM resorts and in the Retool breach. You can read more about them in our ",{"data":111794,"content":111797,"nodeType":13489},{"target":111795},{"sys":111796},{"id":79664,"type":889,"linkType":890},[111798],{"data":111799,"marks":111800,"value":78469,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111802,"marks":111803,"value":111804,"nodeType":867},{},[]," blog article.",{"data":111806,"content":111807,"nodeType":883},{},[111808],{"data":111809,"marks":111810,"value":111811,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the cloud-first world, a compromised IdP account is like a compromised user workstation. It gives an attacker a solid initial foothold from which they can operate:",{"data":111813,"content":111814,"nodeType":1526},{},[111815,111837],{"data":111816,"content":111817,"nodeType":1505},{},[111818],{"data":111819,"content":111820,"nodeType":883},{},[111821,111825,111834],{"data":111822,"marks":111823,"value":111824,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They instantly get access to all the apps the compromised user was accessing with SSO. It’s easy to move laterally to sensitive apps or to apps where the user has admin privileges. This obviously enables an attacker to directly exfiltrate data from these apps or to use them maliciously, as in the ",{"data":111826,"content":111829,"nodeType":13489},{"target":111827},{"sys":111828},{"id":79664,"type":889,"linkType":890},[111830],{"data":111831,"marks":111832,"value":111833,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Mandiant and SEC Twitter/X breaches",{"data":111835,"marks":111836,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111838,"content":111839,"nodeType":1505},{},[111840],{"data":111841,"content":111842,"nodeType":883},{},[111843,111847,111855,111859,111868,111871,111880],{"data":111844,"marks":111845,"value":111846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Assuming an attacker hasn’t initially gotten access to a privileged IdP account, they can escalate their privileges by performing ",{"data":111848,"content":111851,"nodeType":13489},{"target":111849},{"sys":111850},{"id":104269,"type":889,"linkType":890},[111852],{"data":111853,"marks":111854,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111856,"marks":111857,"value":111858,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on any low-risk app where the user is an admin or by using apps like ",{"data":111860,"content":111864,"nodeType":13489},{"target":111861},{"sys":111862},{"id":111863,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2rjLrCo6KWwLicfpV2qTOZ",[111865],{"data":111866,"marks":111867,"value":97226,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111869,"marks":111870,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111872,"content":111876,"nodeType":13489},{"target":111873},{"sys":111874},{"id":111875,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2cv7Yq1DQpm1Mho7fKDs44",[111877],{"data":111878,"marks":111879,"value":97238,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111881,"marks":111882,"value":111883,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to phish higher-privilege users.",{"data":111885,"content":111886,"nodeType":921},{},[111887],{"data":111888,"marks":111889,"value":111890,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It also protects against credential stuffing attacks",{"data":111892,"content":111893,"nodeType":883},{},[111894,111898,111903],{"data":111895,"marks":111896,"value":111897,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As well as protecting your users against phishing, the SSO password protection feature can prevent credential stuffing attacks succeeding against your IdP instance. How? By stopping your employees from reusing their SSO password on other apps.  \nPush monitors the identities of thousands of employees. Around ",{"data":111899,"marks":111900,"value":111902,"nodeType":867},{},[111901],{"type":910},"1 in 3 of them reuse passwords",{"data":111904,"marks":111905,"value":111906,"nodeType":867},{},[]," across multiple accounts. ",{"data":111908,"content":111909,"nodeType":883},{},[111910],{"data":111911,"marks":111912,"value":111913,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Employees know that their SSO password is one they’ll need to use a lot, and so they tend to choose one they know they will remember, because they are already using it successfully. That’s why we see higher levels of password reuse on IdP apps in particular.",{"data":111915,"content":111916,"nodeType":883},{},[111917],{"data":111918,"marks":111919,"value":111920,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Every time an SSO password is reused on another app, its exposure increases, along with the likelihood of it falling into the wrong hands. This can happen when another app experiences a breach and credentials are stolen. Or alternatively, when an attacker steals credentials in a phishing attack aimed at users of other apps where the password is being reused.",{"data":111922,"content":111923,"nodeType":883},{},[111924],{"data":111925,"marks":111926,"value":111927,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Armed with stolen credentials, an attacker can spray them across common cloud apps and see what additional accounts they can gain access to. IdP apps will be high on the list of cloud apps attackers will try because they provide much more in the way of access than a general SaaS user account.",{"data":111929,"content":111930,"nodeType":883},{},[111931],{"data":111932,"marks":111933,"value":111934,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You might be wondering if this feature can also be used to stop other password attacks such as password spraying and brute-forcing attacks. While this specific feature does not, Push’s other features do. ",{"data":111936,"content":111937,"nodeType":883},{},[111938,111942,111947],{"data":111939,"marks":111940,"value":111941,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These include ",{"data":111943,"marks":111944,"value":111946,"nodeType":867},{},[111945],{"type":910},"in-browser guidance",{"data":111948,"marks":111949,"value":111950,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that stops users from creating and using easily guessable passwords as well as Push’s ability to detect when employees are not registered for MFA (and whether the methods they are using are phishing-resistant or not).",{"data":111952,"content":111956,"nodeType":892},{"target":111953},{"sys":111954},{"id":111955,"type":889,"linkType":890},"uy6utpRA35spZFM7Da4Nt",[],{"data":111958,"content":111959,"nodeType":921},{},[111960],{"data":111961,"marks":111962,"value":37808,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111964,"content":111965,"nodeType":883},{},[111966,111969,111975],{"data":111967,"marks":111968,"value":60534,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111970,"content":111971,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[111972],{"data":111973,"marks":111974,"value":39222,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":111976,"marks":111977,"value":111978,"nodeType":867},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using and how we detect vulnerable identities.","Introducing SSO Password Protection: Stop employees’ IdP credentials being exposed or phished","Use the Push browser agent’s unique vantage point to protect SSO credentials by blocking employees from entering their password into any other site. 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This means the traditional “all-powerful” admin account isn’t always really all-powerful in practice. ",{"data":119843,"content":119844,"nodeType":883},{},[119845],{"data":119846,"marks":119847,"value":119848,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, an administrator of a file storage SaaS app may not automatically have rights to view all personally stored files for an individual user. Similarly, an administrator of a corporate password manager app does not automatically have the ability to view the secrets their users are storing in the application. This is desirable as passwords, and thus password managers, are a key part of identity infrastructure - even admins shouldn’t be able to easily access passwords and secrets stored within. ",{"data":119850,"content":119851,"nodeType":883},{},[119852],{"data":119853,"marks":119854,"value":119855,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a good thing as it limits the reach of a compromised account and creates additional steps for a user with malicious intent. But like anything password managers can be targeted, bypassed, and misused, particularly in the context of Cloud identities and SaaS.",{"data":119857,"content":119858,"nodeType":912},{},[119859],{"data":119860,"marks":119861,"value":119862,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How do password managers work?",{"data":119864,"content":119865,"nodeType":883},{},[119866],{"data":119867,"marks":119868,"value":119869,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Well, it depends! ",{"data":119871,"content":119872,"nodeType":883},{},[119873],{"data":119874,"marks":119875,"value":119876,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Typical password manager functionality involves a “password vault” being encrypted with a password/secret that only the user knows - commonly known as a “master password”. This vault might just be a file that can be stored anywhere, such as locally on a user’s laptop or remotely on a managed file server.  ",{"data":119878,"content":119879,"nodeType":883},{},[119880],{"data":119881,"marks":119882,"value":119883,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Therefore, an admin of a file server might be able to see the password vaults, but won’t be able to recover the passwords inside without knowing the correct master password to decrypt them. However, a domain or desktop admin might be able to deploy malicious code to a user’s endpoint to keylog, or otherwise steal, their master password. This is more difficult than merely accessing an encrypted vault but is a viable attack technique.",{"data":119885,"content":119886,"nodeType":883},{},[119887],{"data":119888,"marks":119889,"value":119890,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For cloud-based password managers this concept is simply ported to the world of SaaS. Here, the vault is stored securely on the vendor’s servers and access is via a web app or browser extension, rather than a desktop application opening a stored file. Often the password a user uses to login to the app doubles up as their master password, but in other solutions they might be two separate concepts. ",{"data":119892,"content":119893,"nodeType":883},{},[119894,119898,119902],{"data":119895,"marks":119896,"value":119897,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So how does this change the threat? Well, it’s possible that domain/desktop admins might still be able to go the malicious code deployment route to steal master passwords. However, admins of the password manager app (or any app) should not ",{"data":119899,"marks":119900,"value":71665,"nodeType":867},{},[119901],{"type":2278},{"data":119903,"marks":119904,"value":119905,"nodeType":867},{},[]," be able to just access any passwords they like.",{"data":119907,"content":119908,"nodeType":912},{},[119909],{"data":119910,"marks":119911,"value":119912,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why even use password managers when you could use SSO?",{"data":119914,"content":119915,"nodeType":883},{},[119916],{"data":119917,"marks":119918,"value":119919,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Strong SSO mechanisms such as SAML are good security controls and should be encouraged. But there are many reasons why they can’t always be used. Not all apps support them, some apps require much more expensive license tiers in order to enable SSO support, many apps will be self-acquired by users rather than centralized IT, some secrets are recovery codes that need to be stored somewhere… the list goes on!",{"data":119921,"content":119922,"nodeType":883},{},[119923,119927,119932],{"data":119924,"marks":119925,"value":119926,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Put simply, ",{"data":119928,"marks":119929,"value":119931,"nodeType":867},{},[119930],{"type":910},"you will never have all your apps on SSO",{"data":119933,"marks":119934,"value":119935,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and there are many other use cases for secure storage of secrets, so it’s best to provide a secure password management solution to your users rather than having them use shared passwords everywhere, use easily guessed passwords, or generally record them in less secure ways. ",{"data":119937,"content":119938,"nodeType":883},{},[119939],{"data":119940,"marks":119941,"value":119942,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But what happens when a large organization adopts a SaaS-based password manager solution? As a key app, it definitely needs the highest levels of security protection, right? So the password manager itself should definitely be on SSO with a robust form of MFA applied. Users shouldn't be able to use any old single-factor password to access a store for important secrets that are tied to so many other sensitive corporate assets.",{"data":119944,"content":119945,"nodeType":883},{},[119946],{"data":119947,"marks":119948,"value":119949,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This leads us on to our next question - how does SSO impact the relationship between accessibility of stored secrets and the use of decryption keys only known to the users?",{"data":119951,"content":119952,"nodeType":912},{},[119953],{"data":119954,"marks":119955,"value":119956,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Controlling password manager access via SSO",{"data":119958,"content":119959,"nodeType":883},{},[119960,119964,119969],{"data":119961,"marks":119962,"value":119963,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many solutions will allow administrators to control login to accounts via an SSO mechanism instead of the vendor’s own authentication mechanism. In this case, we’ll be using Dashlane as an example. This is not a specific vulnerability in Dashlane, we’re just ",{"data":119965,"marks":119966,"value":119968,"nodeType":867},{},[119967],{"type":2278},"creatively",{"data":119970,"marks":119971,"value":119972,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (ab-)using a legitimate feature. We haven’t picked on Dashlane for any particular reason and there are many more examples of this.",{"data":119974,"content":119975,"nodeType":883},{},[119976],{"data":119977,"marks":119978,"value":119979,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, we’ve configured Dashlane SSO to use their confidential SSO mechanism that applies SAML as the SSO mechanism. We've then configured the supplied SAML details as an app in Okta and saved the resulting IdP metadata link in Dashlane. This allows Okta to now act as an identity provider for Dashlane.",{"data":119981,"content":119985,"nodeType":892},{"target":119982},{"sys":119983},{"id":119984,"type":889,"linkType":890},"19DCAdVfW2MwRQXfeVEIiR",[],{"data":119987,"content":119988,"nodeType":883},{},[119989],{"data":119990,"marks":119991,"value":119992,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means that for verified domains that have been configured to use SSO in Dashlane, the Dashlane login process will now automatically relay to the given Okta tenant to handle authentication via SAML.",{"data":119994,"content":119995,"nodeType":883},{},[119996],{"data":119997,"marks":119998,"value":119999,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s worth noting that Dashlane only allows this for verified domains. An administrator setting this up the first time or later changing the SSO settings will need control of the DNS domain(s) their users use, or at least have the ability to request other DNS admins verify the domain on their behalf.",{"data":120001,"content":120005,"nodeType":892},{"target":120002},{"sys":120003},{"id":120004,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3kZknbwaOVWMTPdaEECyER",[],{"data":120007,"content":120008,"nodeType":883},{},[120009],{"data":120010,"marks":120011,"value":120012,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s it - it’s really that simple. Now your Dashlane instance benefits from whatever strong authentication policies you have in place on your centralized IdP, in this case Okta. That may include strong password policies, multi-factor authentication, auditing of all logon events for your account, etc. What could be bad about that?",{"data":120014,"content":120015,"nodeType":912},{},[120016],{"data":120017,"marks":120018,"value":120019,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Password stealing and lateral movement",{"data":120021,"content":120022,"nodeType":883},{},[120023],{"data":120024,"marks":120025,"value":120026,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we covered earlier, the original security contract of traditional password managers was that only the creating user should have access via a master password - admin accounts should have no access beyond seeing the encrypted vault files. ",{"data":120028,"content":120029,"nodeType":883},{},[120030],{"data":120031,"marks":120032,"value":120033,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, the SaaS-ification of password managers over time and integration with other parts of the identity management stack means that they are prone to the same weaknesses as many other apps - only in this case the prize is the secrets and passwords used to gain access to a huge number of other systems that those admins wouldn’t otherwise have direct access to. For an attacker looking to move laterally, this is a goldmine! ",{"data":120035,"content":120036,"nodeType":883},{},[120037],{"data":120038,"marks":120039,"value":120040,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll now consider how two different types of admin accounts can use this functionality to gain access to password secrets for lateral movement elsewhere, in the event of a compromised admin account or insider threat.",{"data":120042,"content":120043,"nodeType":921},{},[120044],{"data":120045,"marks":120046,"value":120047,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS admin - modifying SSO settings",{"data":120049,"content":120050,"nodeType":883},{},[120051],{"data":120052,"marks":120053,"value":120054,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Continuing the Dashlane scenario, an administrator of the app can simply modify the SSO settings in order to point to a different IdP that they control. This could be a different Okta tenant they have set up themselves, or it could be an entirely different IdP. ",{"data":120056,"content":120057,"nodeType":883},{},[120058],{"data":120059,"marks":120060,"value":120061,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, we can simply change the IdP metadata to point to a different SAML endpoint. Pointing to a different Okta tenant means we can now login to Dashlane using a different identity provider as before. ",{"data":120063,"content":120067,"nodeType":892},{"target":120064},{"sys":120065},{"id":120066,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5hXZ4NogWGdCj18LalxVQl",[],{"data":120069,"content":120070,"nodeType":883},{},[120071],{"data":120072,"marks":120073,"value":120074,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The implication here is that the malicious/compromised admin account can simply configure their own malicious IdP in a way that they can authenticate with any account. They can then use this to login to Dashlane as any user they like. The only caveat in the case of Dashlane is that Dashlane admin accounts cannot use SSO and so the malicious admin cannot access other admin accounts' secrets so easily. ",{"data":120076,"content":120077,"nodeType":883},{},[120078],{"data":120079,"marks":120080,"value":120081,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Our malicious admin can then simply login to access their account of choice and view the secrets as they please. They can do this manually, or they can even use the export functionality to export the entire password vault into a CSV file. The latter is disabled by default in Dashlane, but we’re an admin, right? So we can just enable the security policy to allow it!",{"data":120083,"content":120087,"nodeType":892},{"target":120084},{"sys":120085},{"id":120086,"type":889,"linkType":890},"64ttjHyIDYKJ7gXAugT84f",[],{"data":120089,"content":120093,"nodeType":892},{"target":120090},{"sys":120091},{"id":120092,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2tm9koiqywJtrEOuRbazFd",[],{"data":120095,"content":120099,"nodeType":892},{"target":120096},{"sys":120097},{"id":120098,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3gAbFuYpJxbYhmeaph9e7e",[],{"data":120101,"content":120102,"nodeType":883},{},[120103],{"data":120104,"marks":120105,"value":120106,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Fortunately, a simple implementation of this attack will break logins by other users, as all users will be directed to the new malicious IdP. This means the attack is more likely to be quickly detected once users begin questioning why they cannot login to their Dashlane account. ",{"data":120108,"content":120109,"nodeType":883},{},[120110],{"data":120111,"marks":120112,"value":120113,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unfortunately, attackers can take steps to avoid this by building a more sophisticated malicious IdP that accepts any password or performs some other clever redirect. This means that legitimate users can still successfully access their Dashlane accounts while the admin simultaneously hijacks their target accounts. ",{"data":120115,"content":120116,"nodeType":883},{},[120117,120121,120128],{"data":120118,"marks":120119,"value":120120,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One method is to use the Oktajacking technique discussed ",{"data":120122,"content":120123,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106563},[120124],{"data":120125,"marks":120126,"value":120127,"nodeType":867},{},[],"in this article",{"data":120129,"marks":120130,"value":120131,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to accept any credentials the user enters, while also keylogging them for further use. This enables the attacker to login as any user they like while also ensuring the real user can still login, whatever credentials they enter. This would allow the attack to go unnoticed for longer, giving the attacker the time and space to achieve their objectives without being hounded by incident responders (and in some cases persisting indefinitely).",{"data":120133,"content":120134,"nodeType":921},{},[120135],{"data":120136,"marks":120137,"value":120138,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Okta admin - external IdPs and routing rules",{"data":120140,"content":120141,"nodeType":883},{},[120142],{"data":120143,"marks":120144,"value":120145,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OK, obviously an admin account for Okta (or any type of IdP) is a very powerful tool for an attacker and there are plenty of malicious actions they could take. In this case we’ll consider how they could use it to gain access to Dashlane as any user, assuming Okta was being used as a SAML IdP as in the example above.",{"data":120147,"content":120148,"nodeType":883},{},[120149],{"data":120150,"marks":120151,"value":120152,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The simplest path here would be to use an external IdP, along with a routing rule, to allow the admin to login to Okta using a separate IdP they control, whilst continuing to allow the user to authenticate. This way, the user themselves would have no idea anything else had changed, but the attacker could easily impersonate any user they choose.",{"data":120154,"content":120155,"nodeType":883},{},[120156,120160,120168,120172,120180],{"data":120157,"marks":120158,"value":120159,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Adam Chester’s iconic post on ",{"data":120161,"content":120163,"nodeType":878},{"uri":120162},"https://trustedsec.com/blog/okta-for-red-teamers",[120164],{"data":120165,"marks":120166,"value":120167,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Okta for red teamers ",{"data":120169,"marks":120170,"value":120171,"nodeType":867},{},[],"covers the user of a malicious SAML provider for authenticating as any user and he even includes a ",{"data":120173,"content":120175,"nodeType":878},{"uri":120174},"https://github.com/xpn/OktaPostExToolkit",[120176],{"data":120177,"marks":120178,"value":120179,"nodeType":867},{},[],"simple python based SAML IdP",{"data":120181,"marks":120182,"value":120183,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that allows for this.",{"data":120185,"content":120186,"nodeType":883},{},[120187],{"data":120188,"marks":120189,"value":120190,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If we combine this with Okta routing rules, then we can create a targeted backdoor that allows the attacker to utilize their Okta admin account to login as any user they like in order to access their Dashlane password vault, while being completely transparent to the real users. We can do this by ensuring the external identity provider is only used when logins are performed from the admin’s IP address and/or specific devices.",{"data":120192,"content":120196,"nodeType":892},{"target":120193},{"sys":120194},{"id":120195,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4vmkiiONUur1cxGWhvTNoY",[],{"data":120198,"content":120199,"nodeType":912},{},[120200],{"data":120201,"marks":120202,"value":66440,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":120204,"content":120205,"nodeType":883},{},[120206],{"data":120207,"marks":120208,"value":120209,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Shock, horror, admin accounts can be used to do bad things! Of course that’s the case, but it is important that as security practitioners we fully understand the implications of security decisions we make and have plans in place for if/when incidents arise.",{"data":120211,"content":120212,"nodeType":883},{},[120213],{"data":120214,"marks":120215,"value":120216,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve known for many years that an attacker compromising a Windows desktop or Linux server can potentially steal passwords and other secrets from that system. We’ve also known that if an attacker compromises an entire Windows domain, then we should consider every single user’s password compromised. ",{"data":120218,"content":120219,"nodeType":883},{},[120220],{"data":120221,"marks":120222,"value":120223,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While incident responders would much prefer to contain an incident before a complete domain compromise is achieved, we at least know we have to have a plan in place for how to deal with all domain passwords having been compromised, plus golden tickets, silver tickets and all other manner of backdoors.  ",{"data":120225,"content":120226,"nodeType":883},{},[120227],{"data":120228,"marks":120229,"value":120230,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Of course, password managers are important to protect generally, but are we considering the true consequences and impact of either a malicious admin or a compromised admin account potentially allowing all password secrets to be stolen? Do we have a plan in place for how to recover from that like we would in the event of a windows domain compromise? These are the questions we need to be asking ourselves.",{"data":120232,"content":120235,"nodeType":892},{"target":120233},{"sys":120234},{"id":83090,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":120237,"content":120238,"nodeType":912},{},[120239],{"data":120240,"marks":120241,"value":65842,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":120243,"content":120244,"nodeType":883},{},[120245],{"data":120246,"marks":120247,"value":120248,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve covered a lot of ground so let’s quickly take a step back and consider the key points of impact here:",{"data":120250,"content":120251,"nodeType":1526},{},[120252,120262,120272],{"data":120253,"content":120254,"nodeType":1505},{},[120255],{"data":120256,"content":120257,"nodeType":883},{},[120258],{"data":120259,"marks":120260,"value":120261,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS-based password managers often allow SSO mechanisms with MFA which can provide stronger authentication, instead of the passwords being stored in a file encrypted with a single factor master password, which changes the risk profile",{"data":120263,"content":120264,"nodeType":1505},{},[120265],{"data":120266,"content":120267,"nodeType":883},{},[120268],{"data":120269,"marks":120270,"value":120271,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That said, compromised admin accounts for either password manager apps, or their SSO IdPs, can be abused by attackers to steal passwords at scale by hijacking the SSO process",{"data":120273,"content":120274,"nodeType":1505},{},[120275],{"data":120276,"content":120277,"nodeType":883},{},[120278],{"data":120279,"marks":120280,"value":120281,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This technique could become the windows domain hash dumping equivalent in the new cloud identity and SaaS-based world",{"data":120283,"content":120284,"nodeType":912},{},[120285],{"data":120286,"marks":120287,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":120289,"content":120290,"nodeType":883},{},[120291],{"data":120292,"marks":120293,"value":120294,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Password managers have quickly become an increasingly important part of identity security infrastructure. Passwords, and more generally secrets, are not going anywhere. So it makes sense for security-conscious organizations to provide their employees with a good password management solution.",{"data":120296,"content":120297,"nodeType":883},{},[120298],{"data":120299,"marks":120300,"value":120301,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Consequently, this means they will increasingly become a crown jewels target within modern cloud and SaaS-based organizations going forwards, much like windows domain controllers have often been the crown jewels in the past.",{"data":120303,"content":120304,"nodeType":883},{},[120305],{"data":120306,"marks":120307,"value":120308,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are many methods by which different types of compromised admin accounts can be used to gain access to password manager secrets at scale by abusing SSO mechanisms and so security practitioners need to be aware of these attacks and plan for recovery actions in the event of a major incident. ",{"data":120310,"content":120311,"nodeType":883},{},[120312],{"data":120313,"marks":120314,"value":120315,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The defensive plans we’ve historically relied upon weren't designed for these new attacker methods, which effectively creates a blind spot. The attacker's goal hasn’t changed, but the environment (and how it can be targeted) has evolved - which means defenders need to adapt. ",{"entries":120317},{"hyperlink":120318,"inline":120319,"block":120320},[],[],[120321,120329,120337,120345,120352,120360,120368,120376],{"sys":120322,"__typename":1584,"title":120323,"caption":120324,"layoutMode":59,"file":120325},{"id":119984},"Dashlane SSO","Configuring SSO authentication in Dashlane by using SAML to allow Okta to act as an IdP",{"url":120326,"width":120327,"height":120328},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3AdVyWovacNCkP23xyACB3/b7a6064aebac0ca251b276626748bef7/image1.png",1094,911,{"sys":120330,"__typename":1584,"title":120331,"caption":120332,"layoutMode":59,"file":120333},{"id":120004},"Dashlane SSO Popup","Login prompt for Dashlane when using SSO authentication",{"url":120334,"width":120335,"height":120336},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7KpuYaCuKdWfpkrHc1gdQG/65507c178bcef3217aad455547f1d83c/image6.png",688,1176,{"sys":120338,"__typename":1584,"title":120339,"caption":120340,"layoutMode":59,"file":120341},{"id":120066},"IdP metadata","Modifying Dashlane SSO IdP metadata settings to hijack the SSO process by pointing to a different Okta tenant that the attacker controls",{"url":120342,"width":120343,"height":120344},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6NDvy4ySxNnUB8vQyToycU/7af8c8fc9a82851ddd734fc730487bc0/image7.png",796,283,{"sys":120346,"__typename":1584,"title":120347,"caption":120348,"layoutMode":59,"file":120349},{"id":120086},"Enable the security policy ","Accessing clear text passwords in Dashlane in an authenticated session",{"url":120350,"width":1602,"height":120351},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3audb7ABsy1fN7dqXY81h0/657f9c2b48b36b116fd81a1b15da0cf4/image3.png",981,{"sys":120353,"__typename":1584,"title":120354,"caption":120355,"layoutMode":59,"file":120356},{"id":120092},"Enable the security policy #2","Exporting Dashlane passwords in CSV format",{"url":120357,"width":120358,"height":120359},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7MnLtbQ0A0obog8ishdaOF/b55fb2d0e7af8052c784f10666a69768/image5.png",686,1020,{"sys":120361,"__typename":1584,"title":120362,"caption":120363,"layoutMode":59,"file":120364},{"id":120098},"Enable the security policy #3","Configuring Dashlane to allow export of passwords",{"url":120365,"width":120366,"height":120367},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3YAdW74nAGrHvHOMO5VlHI/6f16c492b00c4bcd11f7a73ba40f2292/image2.png",971,153,{"sys":120369,"__typename":1584,"title":120370,"caption":120371,"layoutMode":59,"file":120372},{"id":120195},"Identity Providers","Configuring Okta routing rules to use an external malicious identity provider when accessed using an attacker’s IP address. This can be used to access any application connected to Okta - not just Dashlane. ",{"url":120373,"width":120374,"height":120375},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/77ukND4FQYghlzQPOtg7BK/e381508f376b03967f12ef70539b6d27/image4.png",1024,719,{"sys":120377,"__typename":1577,"type":56895,"ctaText":105312,"buttonLabel":105313,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":59},{"id":83090},{"items":120379},[],{},"How secure is password manager data if an admin is 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blog post covers the implications of using SWA as an authentication method in Okta, with a particular focus on what security teams need to consider in an account breach and subsequent incident response scenario. ",{"data":120949,"content":120950,"nodeType":883},{},[120951],{"data":120952,"marks":120953,"value":120954,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Spoiler alert: we’ll make the case that the true value of an SSO solution like Okta is in the use of SAML and OIDC authentication methods, not convenience features like SWA.",{"data":120956,"content":120957,"nodeType":912},{},[120958],{"data":120959,"marks":120960,"value":120961,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Introduction",{"data":120963,"content":120964,"nodeType":883},{},[120965],{"data":120966,"marks":120967,"value":120968,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To facilitate SSO logins to web applications, Okta allows the industry standard SAML and OIDC protocols for federated logins to be used with applications that support it. These represent the most secure and recommended options. However, Okta also offers a proprietary system called SWA to support apps that don’t support these protocols, or where they are otherwise unavailable due to licensing restrictions.     ",{"data":120970,"content":120971,"nodeType":883},{},[120972],{"data":120973,"marks":120974,"value":120975,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While SWA is referred to as an SSO login mechanism, functionally it’s a password manager. SWA stores username and password combinations for individual applications on a per-user basis and makes use of a browser extension to automate the login process on behalf of the user. ",{"data":120977,"content":120978,"nodeType":883},{},[120979],{"data":120980,"marks":120981,"value":120982,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The screenshot below shows an example of an application being configured to use SWA as opposed to SAML, in this case Salesforce:",{"data":120984,"content":120988,"nodeType":892},{"target":120985},{"sys":120986},{"id":120987,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4wrRez2VpTG1vjsvNFlklK",[],{"data":120990,"content":120991,"nodeType":883},{},[120992],{"data":120993,"marks":120994,"value":120995,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From this configuration screen it’s not obvious that there is a fundamental difference between some login methods like SWA and true federated identity methods like SAML 2.0. To better understand the difference and the risks of SWA, let’s look at it from an attacker’s perspective.",{"data":120997,"content":120998,"nodeType":912},{},[120999],{"data":121000,"marks":121001,"value":121002,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How are Okta accounts compromised?",{"data":121004,"content":121005,"nodeType":883},{},[121006],{"data":121007,"marks":121008,"value":121009,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While it’s common for Okta accounts to be protected using MFA, and sometimes device trust, there are still viable attack vectors. The two most prevalent attacks would be: ",{"data":121011,"content":121012,"nodeType":1526},{},[121013,121028],{"data":121014,"content":121015,"nodeType":1505},{},[121016],{"data":121017,"content":121018,"nodeType":883},{},[121019,121024],{"data":121020,"marks":121021,"value":121023,"nodeType":867},{},[121022],{"type":910},"Endpoint compromise",{"data":121025,"marks":121026,"value":121027,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - In a traditional endpoint compromise scenario, an attacker will generally have full access to the user’s browser. This means they can hijack existing Okta sessions by stealing authentication tokens, which bypass all device trust and MFA protections. For persistent access, they can keylog credentials when the user next logs in and add MFA methods or enrol a new endpoint with device trust.",{"data":121029,"content":121030,"nodeType":1505},{},[121031],{"data":121032,"content":121033,"nodeType":883},{},[121034,121039,121043,121051,121054,121063,121067,121071,121080,121084,121088,121097],{"data":121035,"marks":121036,"value":121038,"nodeType":867},{},[121037],{"type":910},"Phishing attacks/MFA proxying",{"data":121040,"marks":121041,"value":121042,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - Traditional phishing attacks can be launched against Okta users to obtain credentials and/or authenticated sessions. Attacker-in-the-middle (AITM) attacks can be used to bypass common MFA mechanisms, and attacks against Okta users are typically carried out using tools such as ",{"data":121044,"content":121045,"nodeType":878},{"uri":78860},[121046],{"data":121047,"marks":121048,"value":121050,"nodeType":867},{},[121049],{"type":876},"evilginx",{"data":121052,"marks":121053,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121055,"content":121057,"nodeType":878},{"uri":121056},"https://mrd0x.com/bypass-2fa-using-novnc/",[121058],{"data":121059,"marks":121060,"value":121062,"nodeType":867},{},[121061],{"type":876},"noVNC",{"data":121064,"marks":121065,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[121066],{"type":910},{"data":121068,"marks":121069,"value":121070,"nodeType":867},{},[],"or ",{"data":121072,"content":121074,"nodeType":878},{"uri":121073},"https://github.com/fkasler/cuddlephish",[121075],{"data":121076,"marks":121077,"value":121079,"nodeType":867},{},[121078],{"type":876},"cuddlephish",{"data":121081,"marks":121082,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[121083],{"type":910},{"data":121085,"marks":121086,"value":121087,"nodeType":867},{},[]," We’ve even seen groups using tooling specifically crafted to target Okta such as the notorious ",{"data":121089,"content":121091,"nodeType":878},{"uri":121090},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/10/25/octo-tempest-crosses-boundaries-to-facilitate-extortion-encryption-and-destruction/",[121092],{"data":121093,"marks":121094,"value":121096,"nodeType":867},{},[121095],{"type":876},"0ktapus group/campaign.",{"data":121098,"marks":121099,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121101,"content":121104,"nodeType":892},{"target":121102},{"sys":121103},{"id":83090,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":121106,"content":121107,"nodeType":912},{},[121108],{"data":121109,"marks":121110,"value":121111,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is Okta SWA?",{"data":121113,"content":121114,"nodeType":883},{},[121115],{"data":121116,"marks":121117,"value":121118,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Okta Secure Web Authentication (SWA) provides SSO-like functionality to web applications that don’t support federated protocols and is intended to be used only when SAML or OIDC federated logins cannot be used. ",{"data":121120,"content":121121,"nodeType":883},{},[121122],{"data":121123,"marks":121124,"value":121125,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It is SSO-like in the sense that:",{"data":121127,"content":121128,"nodeType":1526},{},[121129,121139,121149],{"data":121130,"content":121131,"nodeType":1505},{},[121132],{"data":121133,"content":121134,"nodeType":883},{},[121135],{"data":121136,"marks":121137,"value":121138,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A user enters their single Okta password to login to Okta, ",{"data":121140,"content":121141,"nodeType":1505},{},[121142],{"data":121143,"content":121144,"nodeType":883},{},[121145],{"data":121146,"marks":121147,"value":121148,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SWA then stores username/password combinations ",{"data":121150,"content":121151,"nodeType":1505},{},[121152],{"data":121153,"content":121154,"nodeType":883},{},[121155],{"data":121156,"marks":121157,"value":121158,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SWA then makes use of a browser extension to automatically login to applications using the credentials. ",{"data":121160,"content":121161,"nodeType":883},{},[121162],{"data":121163,"marks":121164,"value":121165,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In that sense, it’s essentially a password manager. Like any password manager, it can be a big security improvement over a user manually managing their accounts or reusing the same password everywhere.",{"data":121167,"content":121168,"nodeType":883},{},[121169],{"data":121170,"marks":121171,"value":121172,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s a good reason that true SSO is considered more secure than password managers, and this comes down to the identity. An SSO uses a single identity that is federated to other apps, where a password manager just better manages many discrete identities. So, when an employee leaves an organization and they’re using an SSO, a single identity needs to be disabled, but disabling access to a password manager does nothing to disable the identities inside it.",{"data":121174,"content":121175,"nodeType":883},{},[121176],{"data":121177,"marks":121178,"value":121179,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the case of SWA, the use of a browser extension and a long list of supported applications with custom login scripts already written is a key value add. This means users don’t need to copy/paste credentials like they might with some password managers. ",{"data":121181,"content":121182,"nodeType":883},{},[121183],{"data":121184,"marks":121185,"value":121186,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, unlike typical password managers, there isn’t just one type of SWA, administrators can actually pick between one of five configuration options. This is shown in the screenshot below:",{"data":121188,"content":121192,"nodeType":892},{"target":121189},{"sys":121190},{"id":121191,"type":889,"linkType":890},"42kt5hDFjjVYLf85HnjlU8",[],{"data":121194,"content":121195,"nodeType":883},{},[121196],{"data":121197,"marks":121198,"value":121199,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, it’s possible to configure SWA like a traditional password manager scenario where the user sets their own username and password. However, as you can see above, you can set it up so that administrators can fully control the credentials, including the use of shared credentials used by multiple users.",{"data":121201,"content":121202,"nodeType":883},{},[121203],{"data":121204,"marks":121205,"value":121206,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SWA can also control the default configuration of the password reveal capability:",{"data":121208,"content":121209,"nodeType":1526},{},[121210,121220],{"data":121211,"content":121212,"nodeType":1505},{},[121213],{"data":121214,"content":121215,"nodeType":883},{},[121216],{"data":121217,"marks":121218,"value":121219,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When configured to allow users to set their own credentials, password reveal is enabled by default. ",{"data":121221,"content":121222,"nodeType":1505},{},[121223],{"data":121224,"content":121225,"nodeType":883},{},[121226],{"data":121227,"marks":121228,"value":121229,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When administrators control the credentials, password reveal is disabled by default. ",{"data":121231,"content":121232,"nodeType":883},{},[121233],{"data":121234,"marks":121235,"value":121236,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since Okta SWA performs logins automatically on behalf of the user, the user doesn’t technically need to be able to view or copy/paste the credentials. This makes it possible for Okta to support disabling password reveal. ",{"data":121238,"content":121242,"nodeType":892},{"target":121239},{"sys":121240},{"id":121241,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3IE8neYJbh0H8Vc7Hd9p5W",[],{"data":121244,"content":121248,"nodeType":892},{"target":121245},{"sys":121246},{"id":121247,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5C1lhoJtBEgdndiL9gSUbd",[],{"data":121250,"content":121251,"nodeType":912},{},[121252],{"data":121253,"marks":121254,"value":121255,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What are the security risks of using SWA?",{"data":121257,"content":121258,"nodeType":883},{},[121259],{"data":121260,"marks":121261,"value":121262,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While SWA may be a step up from users performing manual logins to a range of apps, it carries the same risk that any password manager solution has. If your account is compromised then all your usernames and passwords can be stolen in one go.",{"data":121264,"content":121265,"nodeType":883},{},[121266],{"data":121267,"marks":121268,"value":121269,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But how can that be if password reveal has been disabled",{"data":121271,"content":121272,"nodeType":921},{},[121273],{"data":121274,"marks":121275,"value":121276,"nodeType":867},{},[],"1. Bypassing password reveal restrictions",{"data":121278,"content":121279,"nodeType":883},{},[121280],{"data":121281,"marks":121282,"value":121283,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even if users don’t directly interact with their passwords themselves (e.g. via copy/paste), their browser needs access otherwise it wouldn’t be possible to login to apps. ",{"data":121285,"content":121286,"nodeType":883},{},[121287],{"data":121288,"marks":121289,"value":121290,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Okta browser extension uses the user’s active Okta login session to request credentials in the background, then automatically logs in to apps without the user ever directly seeing those credentials. So, while disabling password reveal may defeat a low-skill attacker or normal user scenarios, it’s essentially a client-side control, and isn’t going to stop a more determined attacker or technical user from getting at the credentials. This isn’t a bug, it’s a technical limitation of how a password manager works.",{"data":121292,"content":121293,"nodeType":883},{},[121294],{"data":121295,"marks":121296,"value":121297,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, let’s say a user has Salesforce configured as an app with SWA and clicks the app tile in the extension to login. The browser extension will use the active user session to make a request like the following (headers and irrelevant data removed for clarity):",{"data":121299,"content":121303,"nodeType":892},{"target":121300},{"sys":121301},{"id":121302,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2tiqg9EUoa9KxkTCduZoVe",[],{"data":121305,"content":121309,"nodeType":892},{"target":121306},{"sys":121307},{"id":121308,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4ApkgD7IwPRC3jC09Jf2SJ",[],{"data":121311,"content":121312,"nodeType":883},{},[121313],{"data":121314,"marks":121315,"value":121317,"nodeType":867},{},[121316],{"type":2278},"This response to the browser extension’s web request contains the username and password for Salesforce",{"data":121319,"content":121320,"nodeType":883},{},[121321],{"data":121322,"marks":121323,"value":121324,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is the Salesforce-specific login script that allows the extension to automatically log the user in to Salesforce and includes their credentials. This request will include the credentials even if password reveal is disabled - the request above was captured using an intercepting proxy like Burp Suite.",{"data":121326,"content":121327,"nodeType":921},{},[121328],{"data":121329,"marks":121330,"value":121331,"nodeType":867},{},[],"2. Cross-account shared passwords",{"data":121333,"content":121334,"nodeType":883},{},[121335],{"data":121336,"marks":121337,"value":121338,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An additional risk with SWA is an operational one. Administrators can set passwords for users and also disable password reveal, which can encourage the use of shared passwords, since they don’t expect the users to see them. ",{"data":121340,"content":121341,"nodeType":883},{},[121342],{"data":121343,"marks":121344,"value":121345,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If administrators are auto-generating complex passwords for every single user account they create as a strong operational process, then there may be no issue. However, breach history would tell us that rarely do organizations have operational security practices as stringent as that.",{"data":121347,"content":121348,"nodeType":883},{},[121349],{"data":121350,"marks":121351,"value":121352,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An attacker compromising an Okta user account can not only extract valid credentials for all configured SWA apps for that user, but may uncover passwords that are valid for other user accounts configured by administrators, making this a likely vector for lateral movement.",{"data":121354,"content":121355,"nodeType":921},{},[121356],{"data":121357,"marks":121358,"value":121359,"nodeType":867},{},[],"3. Shared Okta passwords",{"data":121361,"content":121362,"nodeType":883},{},[121363],{"data":121364,"marks":121365,"value":121366,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One SWA option administrators can configure is to require the user to use their Okta password for the application (see earlier screenshot of configuration options). In this case, Okta lets the user set the password for the application, but it will confirm it matches the user’s Okta password and reject it otherwise.",{"data":121368,"content":121369,"nodeType":883},{},[121370],{"data":121371,"marks":121372,"value":121373,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a dangerous option, since it means the user’s Okta password is shared with other applications. So, if one of those applications is compromised, then their Okta password could be breached as well, which could allow both other applications and the user’s core Okta account to be compromised. It’s essentially enforcing password re-use, the exact opposite of what you want from an identity security perspective.",{"data":121375,"content":121376,"nodeType":921},{},[121377],{"data":121378,"marks":121379,"value":121380,"nodeType":867},{},[],"4. Persistent access to connected apps",{"data":121382,"content":121383,"nodeType":883},{},[121384],{"data":121385,"marks":121386,"value":121387,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Okta acts as an authentication gateway for access to other applications. Ideally, strong authentication policies will be in place such as strong password policies, MFA, account lockout and detection and response controls.",{"data":121389,"content":121390,"nodeType":883},{},[121391],{"data":121392,"marks":121393,"value":121394,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, if even a temporary compromise of an Okta account is achieved (for example through an Okta session theft), an attacker extracting all credentials for SWA apps does not need to maintain access to Okta any further. Instead, they can maintain persistent access to all the downstream SWA apps by logging in manually, using the credentials they have extracted without using Okta. ",{"data":121396,"content":121397,"nodeType":883},{},[121398],{"data":121399,"marks":121400,"value":121401,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This greatly complicates incident response playbooks. Where an otherwise simple recovery action like disabling an Okta account, resetting the password and MFA methods, et cetera, would kick an attacker out of the Okta account - for a user using SWA the attacker will still have all the access to downstream SWA applications unless every single SWA app user account is recovered as well. This is where the value of a federated identity becomes clear.",{"data":121403,"content":121406,"nodeType":892},{"target":121404},{"sys":121405},{"id":86838,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":121408,"content":121409,"nodeType":912},{},[121410],{"data":121411,"marks":121412,"value":121413,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Dumping SWA credentials",{"data":121415,"content":121416,"nodeType":883},{},[121417],{"data":121418,"marks":121419,"value":121420,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since Okta SWA functions as a password manager, and it’s also possible to bypass password reveal restrictions, an attacker who has gained temporary access to an Okta session can automate the extraction of all credentials stored via SWA for that account.",{"data":121422,"content":121423,"nodeType":921},{},[121424],{"data":121425,"marks":121426,"value":121427,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using the password reveal API",{"data":121429,"content":121430,"nodeType":883},{},[121431],{"data":121432,"marks":121433,"value":121434,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One method would be to automate the password reveal API call in the dashboard for every app configured. This is the simplest, direct way to get credentials but has the disadvantage that it will not return credentials that have had password reveal disabled. The following screenshots show an example of the API call that is made:",{"data":121436,"content":121440,"nodeType":892},{"target":121437},{"sys":121438},{"id":121439,"type":889,"linkType":890},"27xCaphfwy6zSNU7QDQZ1g",[],{"data":121442,"content":121446,"nodeType":892},{"target":121443},{"sys":121444},{"id":121445,"type":889,"linkType":890},"begENC8Oxq4rwprZ0fGpG",[],{"data":121448,"content":121449,"nodeType":921},{},[121450],{"data":121451,"marks":121452,"value":121453,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using the browser extension API",{"data":121455,"content":121456,"nodeType":883},{},[121457],{"data":121458,"marks":121459,"value":121460,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The more effective way for an attacker to dump credentials, and bypass password reveal restrictions, is to emulate the API calls made by the browser extension to retrieve the login scripts for each SWA application. ",{"data":121462,"content":121463,"nodeType":883},{},[121464],{"data":121465,"marks":121466,"value":121467,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For an attacker to make these calls, a valid Okta session is needed. Specifically, the tokens that need to be extracted from the browser for these calls are:",{"data":121469,"content":121470,"nodeType":1526},{},[121471,121481],{"data":121472,"content":121473,"nodeType":1505},{},[121474],{"data":121475,"content":121476,"nodeType":883},{},[121477],{"data":121478,"marks":121479,"value":121480,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The access token in “okta-token-storage” in browser local storage",{"data":121482,"content":121483,"nodeType":1505},{},[121484],{"data":121485,"content":121486,"nodeType":883},{},[121487],{"data":121488,"marks":121489,"value":121490,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The “idx” token in cookies",{"data":121492,"content":121493,"nodeType":883},{},[121494],{"data":121495,"marks":121496,"value":121497,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These can be seen below:",{"data":121499,"content":121503,"nodeType":892},{"target":121500},{"sys":121501},{"id":121502,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4ooNI3TmnxqCAtw9MZuuVI",[],{"data":121505,"content":121509,"nodeType":892},{"target":121506},{"sys":121507},{"id":121508,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6rbgLXHewT34SPH3qA24Fu",[],{"data":121511,"content":121512,"nodeType":883},{},[121513],{"data":121514,"marks":121515,"value":121516,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The following screenshot shows the use of a simple internal PoC we created to investigate logging detection opportunities. It gives a sense of the type of information that can be retrieved for a test Okta user account: ",{"data":121518,"content":121522,"nodeType":892},{"target":121519},{"sys":121520},{"id":121521,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5lYhdtWKVqIch6CpksR7Dd",[],{"data":121524,"content":121525,"nodeType":912},{},[121526],{"data":121527,"marks":121528,"value":121529,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So if SWA can be risky, is SAML and OIDC safe?",{"data":121531,"content":121532,"nodeType":883},{},[121533],{"data":121534,"marks":121535,"value":121536,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In general, much more so, but as is unfortunately so often the case in security, the answer is “it depends.” The threat profile for federated SSO like SAML and OIDC is very different, and they don’t suffer from the risks highlighted with SWA use given above. ",{"data":121538,"content":121539,"nodeType":883},{},[121540,121545],{"data":121541,"marks":121542,"value":121544,"nodeType":867},{},[121543],{"type":910},"Any organization using Okta should strive to use SAML/OIDC for as many applications as possible - this is the true power of a federated identity solution",{"data":121546,"marks":121547,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121549,"content":121550,"nodeType":883},{},[121551],{"data":121552,"marks":121553,"value":121554,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, it’s important to remember that not even SAML/OIDC isn't a silver bullet.",{"data":121556,"content":121557,"nodeType":883},{},[121558],{"data":121559,"marks":121560,"value":121561,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, it’s still possible for an attacker achieving a temporary compromise of an Okta account to click every single SAML/OIDC application to establish authenticated sessions with all of them. While some sessions may be short-lived, depending on the application, these sessions may stay alive for longer periods such as 30 days or for some apps even indefinitely. ",{"data":121563,"content":121564,"nodeType":883},{},[121565],{"data":121566,"marks":121567,"value":121568,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While it may be simple for incident responders to disable an Okta account temporarily, it’s certainly much more difficult to disable all connected SaaS accounts and/or kill active sessions for all of them. ",{"data":121570,"content":121571,"nodeType":883},{},[121572],{"data":121573,"marks":121574,"value":121575,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Additionally, while active sessions won’t generally allow an attacker long-term access to an application like stolen SWA credentials often will, many different SaaS applications support methods that can be used to effectively backdoor access to them - though this is a risk to both SWA and federated identities.",{"data":121577,"content":121578,"nodeType":883},{},[121579],{"data":121580,"marks":121581,"value":121582,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is another big challenge for incident responders to deal with, as it can allow attacks to maintain persistence without requiring valid credentials or active sessions. In other words, there are many ways to turn that short term access into persistent access outside Okta. ",{"data":121584,"content":121585,"nodeType":883},{},[121586,121589,121596],{"data":121587,"marks":121588,"value":106100,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121590,"content":121591,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[121592],{"data":121593,"marks":121594,"value":39275,"nodeType":867},{},[121595],{"type":876},{"data":121597,"marks":121598,"value":121599,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Some of the most common techniques that apply here are:",{"data":121601,"content":121602,"nodeType":1526},{},[121603,121622,121641,121660,121679],{"data":121604,"content":121605,"nodeType":1505},{},[121606],{"data":121607,"content":121608,"nodeType":883},{},[121609,121612,121619],{"data":121610,"marks":121611,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121613,"content":121614,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37489},[121615],{"data":121616,"marks":121617,"value":106131,"nodeType":867},{},[121618],{"type":876},{"data":121620,"marks":121621,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121623,"content":121624,"nodeType":1505},{},[121625],{"data":121626,"content":121627,"nodeType":883},{},[121628,121631,121638],{"data":121629,"marks":121630,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121632,"content":121633,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106146},[121634],{"data":121635,"marks":121636,"value":106152,"nodeType":867},{},[121637],{"type":876},{"data":121639,"marks":121640,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121642,"content":121643,"nodeType":1505},{},[121644],{"data":121645,"content":121646,"nodeType":883},{},[121647,121650,121657],{"data":121648,"marks":121649,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121651,"content":121652,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[121653],{"data":121654,"marks":121655,"value":106172,"nodeType":867},{},[121656],{"type":876},{"data":121658,"marks":121659,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121661,"content":121662,"nodeType":1505},{},[121663],{"data":121664,"content":121665,"nodeType":883},{},[121666,121669,121676],{"data":121667,"marks":121668,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121670,"content":121671,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80823},[121672],{"data":121673,"marks":121674,"value":106192,"nodeType":867},{},[121675],{"type":876},{"data":121677,"marks":121678,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121680,"content":121681,"nodeType":1505},{},[121682],{"data":121683,"content":121684,"nodeType":883},{},[121685,121688,121695],{"data":121686,"marks":121687,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121689,"content":121690,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66399},[121691],{"data":121692,"marks":121693,"value":106212,"nodeType":867},{},[121694],{"type":876},{"data":121696,"marks":121697,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121699,"content":121700,"nodeType":912},{},[121701],{"data":121702,"marks":121703,"value":121704,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Investigating and detecting an Okta account compromise",{"data":121706,"content":121707,"nodeType":883},{},[121708],{"data":121709,"marks":121710,"value":121711,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The good news is there are multiple Okta log events that can be used for either investigating a breach or providing some detection mechanisms via a SIEM. Three key log events are as follows:",{"data":121713,"content":121714,"nodeType":1526},{},[121715,121730,121745],{"data":121716,"content":121717,"nodeType":1505},{},[121718],{"data":121719,"content":121720,"nodeType":883},{},[121721,121726],{"data":121722,"marks":121723,"value":121725,"nodeType":867},{},[121724],{"type":910},"Show password event",{"data":121727,"marks":121728,"value":121729,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - indicates when a user has clicked the reveal password button",{"data":121731,"content":121732,"nodeType":1505},{},[121733],{"data":121734,"content":121735,"nodeType":883},{},[121736,121741],{"data":121737,"marks":121738,"value":121740,"nodeType":867},{},[121739],{"type":910},"Evaluation of sign-on policy",{"data":121742,"marks":121743,"value":121744,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - occurs when the browser extension requests credentials",{"data":121746,"content":121747,"nodeType":1505},{},[121748],{"data":121749,"content":121750,"nodeType":883},{},[121751,121756],{"data":121752,"marks":121753,"value":121755,"nodeType":867},{},[121754],{"type":910},"User single sign on to app",{"data":121757,"marks":121758,"value":121759,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - occurs when a full app login is performed",{"data":121761,"content":121765,"nodeType":892},{"target":121762},{"sys":121763},{"id":121764,"type":889,"linkType":890},"23G5QvwzgyTEJBJ33Ut7NJ",[],{"data":121767,"content":121768,"nodeType":883},{},[121769],{"data":121770,"marks":121771,"value":121772,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using these events in a post-compromise situation could potentially significantly reduce the response actions required. If there is clear evidence that the attacker only accessed a limited number of applications, focus can be placed on disabling those accounts and removing potential backdoors, as opposed to having to perform containment procedures for every single application the user has access to.",{"data":121774,"content":121775,"nodeType":921},{},[121776],{"data":121777,"marks":121778,"value":121779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Short time-window detection",{"data":121781,"content":121782,"nodeType":883},{},[121783],{"data":121784,"marks":121785,"value":121786,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While the events above are great for investigation, they are all expected events during normal use of Okta by a user. Perhaps the “show password” event may be rarer, but it would still not be completely unusual to see. ",{"data":121788,"content":121789,"nodeType":883},{},[121790],{"data":121791,"marks":121792,"value":121793,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This makes detection more difficult as defenders need to separate malicious logins from legitimate logins, a notoriously difficult task.",{"data":121795,"content":121796,"nodeType":883},{},[121797],{"data":121798,"marks":121799,"value":121800,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For proactive detection, one option would be to detect unusually large numbers of these events in a short time window for the same user account. This would be especially effective against automated tools. It would be much more unusual to see a legitimate user login to every app or reveal every password all in one go, or even all in one day. On the other hand, an attacker may seek to compromise all applications in a short time window.",{"data":121802,"content":121803,"nodeType":883},{},[121804],{"data":121805,"marks":121806,"value":121807,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Given below is an example of the flurry of logs generated by running our internal SWA password dumping tool shown earlier. You can see they are all generated in a very short time window:",{"data":121809,"content":121813,"nodeType":892},{"target":121810},{"sys":121811},{"id":121812,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2PaCRx02gpTyYOiuJ85x9Y",[],{"data":121815,"content":121816,"nodeType":883},{},[121817],{"data":121818,"marks":121819,"value":121820,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The only difficulty here is picking sensible numbers for the minimum number of apps and maximum time window required in order to generate a detection event. This would likely need customizing to individual environments based on what number of applications are typical for a user to have access to.",{"data":121822,"content":121823,"nodeType":883},{},[121824,121828,121837],{"data":121825,"marks":121826,"value":121827,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For more general Okta detection rule options, consider checking out the Okta rules contained in the open-source ",{"data":121829,"content":121831,"nodeType":878},{"uri":121830},"https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/tree/master/rules/cloud/okta",[121832],{"data":121833,"marks":121834,"value":121836,"nodeType":867},{},[121835],{"type":876},"Sigma rule repository on GitHub",{"data":121838,"marks":121839,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121841,"content":121842,"nodeType":912},{},[121843],{"data":121844,"marks":121845,"value":121846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Guidance for incident response",{"data":121848,"content":121849,"nodeType":883},{},[121850],{"data":121851,"marks":121852,"value":121853,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If there is one key takeaway from this article, it’s that responding to an Okta account compromise isn’t as simple as disabling the user’s Okta account and/or resetting passwords and MFA factors.",{"data":121855,"content":121856,"nodeType":883},{},[121857],{"data":121858,"marks":121859,"value":121860,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once an attacker has compromised an Okta account, it should be initially assumed that all connected application accounts are also compromised, whether they use SAML, OIDC or SWA. ",{"data":121862,"content":121863,"nodeType":883},{},[121864],{"data":121865,"marks":121866,"value":121867,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If SWA is used, incident responders should also explore whether those passwords are compromised and whether any other accounts that potentially share those passwords are compromised. ",{"data":121869,"content":121870,"nodeType":883},{},[121871],{"data":121872,"marks":121873,"value":121874,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re going to assume all applications/credentials were accessed for the following containment advice, as it’s likely that even moderately-skilled attackers would have tools to automate this. ",{"data":121876,"content":121877,"nodeType":883},{},[121878],{"data":121879,"marks":121880,"value":121881,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A full belt and braces containment exercise would involve the following activities:",{"data":121883,"content":121884,"nodeType":1526},{},[121885,121895,121905,121915],{"data":121886,"content":121887,"nodeType":1505},{},[121888],{"data":121889,"content":121890,"nodeType":883},{},[121891],{"data":121892,"marks":121893,"value":121894,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Disabling/resetting the Okta account",{"data":121896,"content":121897,"nodeType":1505},{},[121898],{"data":121899,"content":121900,"nodeType":883},{},[121901],{"data":121902,"marks":121903,"value":121904,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Disabling/resetting every single connected application account",{"data":121906,"content":121907,"nodeType":1505},{},[121908],{"data":121909,"content":121910,"nodeType":883},{},[121911],{"data":121912,"marks":121913,"value":121914,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identifying any other accounts that may share compromised SWA passwords for investigation and disabling/resetting",{"data":121916,"content":121917,"nodeType":1505},{},[121918],{"data":121919,"content":121920,"nodeType":883},{},[121921],{"data":121922,"marks":121923,"value":121924,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Investigating every connected application account for signs of backdooring through multiple persistence techniques",{"data":121926,"content":121927,"nodeType":883},{},[121928],{"data":121929,"marks":121930,"value":121931,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The last point on investigating potential backdoors is particularly important because of the following reasons:",{"data":121933,"content":121934,"nodeType":1526},{},[121935,121965],{"data":121936,"content":121937,"nodeType":1505},{},[121938],{"data":121939,"content":121940,"nodeType":883},{},[121941,121945,121952,121955,121962],{"data":121942,"marks":121943,"value":121944,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even if every application user account is temporarily disabled while passwords are reset etc, re-enabling the account could re-activate the attacker’s access if they have made use of persistence techniques like ",{"data":121946,"content":121947,"nodeType":878},{"uri":37489},[121948],{"data":121949,"marks":121950,"value":45983,"nodeType":867},{},[121951],{"type":876},{"data":121953,"marks":121954,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121956,"content":121957,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[121958],{"data":121959,"marks":121960,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[121961],{"type":876},{"data":121963,"marks":121964,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121966,"content":121967,"nodeType":1505},{},[121968],{"data":121969,"content":121970,"nodeType":883},{},[121971,121975,121983],{"data":121972,"marks":121973,"value":121974,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even if all application user accounts are disabled, even permanently, techniques like ",{"data":121976,"content":121977,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106146},[121978],{"data":121979,"marks":121980,"value":121982,"nodeType":867},{},[121981],{"type":876},"link sharing",{"data":121984,"marks":121985,"value":121986,"nodeType":867},{},[]," can enable attackers to maintain access to data because link sharing decouples the access from being reliant on control of a user account.",{"data":121988,"content":121989,"nodeType":912},{},[121990],{"data":121991,"marks":121992,"value":20576,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":121994,"content":121995,"nodeType":883},{},[121996],{"data":121997,"marks":121998,"value":121999,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve covered a lot of ground here, so let’s take a quick step back to understand the key points of impact:",{"data":122001,"content":122002,"nodeType":1526},{},[122003,122013,122023,122033,122043,122053],{"data":122004,"content":122005,"nodeType":1505},{},[122006],{"data":122007,"content":122008,"nodeType":883},{},[122009],{"data":122010,"marks":122011,"value":122012,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers can extract passwords for SWA apps, even if password reveal has been disabled - to be clear, this is not a bug, it’s just a technical limitation on how this style of password manager login has to work",{"data":122014,"content":122015,"nodeType":1505},{},[122016],{"data":122017,"content":122018,"nodeType":883},{},[122019],{"data":122020,"marks":122021,"value":122022,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SWA passwords set by administrators should not be considered secret from the users as they can be accessed via the extension API",{"data":122024,"content":122025,"nodeType":1505},{},[122026],{"data":122027,"content":122028,"nodeType":883},{},[122029],{"data":122030,"marks":122031,"value":122032,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers gaining temporary control of an Okta user account can establish authenticated sessions with SAML/OIDC applications. ",{"data":122034,"content":122035,"nodeType":1505},{},[122036],{"data":122037,"content":122038,"nodeType":883},{},[122039],{"data":122040,"marks":122041,"value":122042,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These sessions won’t automatically be revoked if the Okta user account is disabled/reset in response to compromise",{"data":122044,"content":122045,"nodeType":1505},{},[122046],{"data":122047,"content":122048,"nodeType":883},{},[122049],{"data":122050,"marks":122051,"value":122052,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are multiple common attack techniques to gain persistent access to SaaS applications.  ",{"data":122054,"content":122055,"nodeType":1505},{},[122056],{"data":122057,"content":122058,"nodeType":883},{},[122059],{"data":122060,"marks":122061,"value":122062,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An attacker can potentially gain permanent access to many connected Okta applications even if efforts are made to reset individual application accounts",{"data":122064,"content":122065,"nodeType":912},{},[122066],{"data":122067,"marks":122068,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122070,"content":122071,"nodeType":883},{},[122072],{"data":122073,"marks":122074,"value":122075,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While many of these attacks are not unique to Okta, it is one of the most widely used products because it supports many apps, but it supports these apps using methods that have very different risk profiles. ",{"data":122077,"content":122078,"nodeType":883},{},[122079],{"data":122080,"marks":122081,"value":122082,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From a security perspective (and whatever your chosen identity platform), our recommendation would be to use SAML (the strongest auth method) where possible. If that isn’t available, use OIDC. If neither is an option, use password managers (like SWA), which in practise leads to far less reused passwords. ",{"data":122084,"content":122085,"nodeType":883},{},[122086],{"data":122087,"marks":122088,"value":122089,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unfortunately the state of modern cloud app landscape means that you will be paying a lot more to get many apps using federated SSO, and even then many will still not support this at any license tier, so the use of passwords is still going to be part of the solution.",{"data":122091,"content":122092,"nodeType":883},{},[122093],{"data":122094,"marks":122095,"value":122096,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As we have seen in this article, an attacker can use a compromised SSO session to perform a number of follow-up attacks. Whether using SWA or SAML/OIDC it’s possible to gain authenticated sessions on connected apps and also potentially backdoor access to them.",{"data":122098,"content":122099,"nodeType":883},{},[122100],{"data":122101,"marks":122102,"value":122103,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When using SWA, it’s additionally possible to extract SWA passwords even when password reveal is disabled and potentially gain access to passwords shared with other accounts. This requires additional actions as part of your breach recovery processes/play-books.",{"data":122105,"content":122106,"nodeType":883},{},[122107],{"data":122108,"marks":122109,"value":122110,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are multiple log events that can be used by security teams to investigate and respond to Okta account compromises and potentially detect them too. Additionally, strong incident response procedures need to be in place for dealing with compromised Okta or any other SSO accounts that factor in the ability for an attacker to laterally move to all the connected applications. Therefore, plans need to include revoking their access to those as well and investigating them for signs of backdoor persistence techniques.","Abusing Okta's SWA authentication","We'll cover the implications of using Okta's SWA authentication method. Learn what security teams need to know in an account breach and IR scenario. ","2023-11-30T00:00:00.000Z","okta-swa",{"items":122116},[122117,122119],{"sys":122118,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"sys":122120,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":122122},[122123],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":122124},{"url":855},{"__typename":1670,"sys":122126,"content":122127,"title":1147,"synopsis":122579,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":122580,"slug":122581,"tagsCollection":122582,"authorsCollection":122588},{"id":104269},{"json":122128},{"data":122129,"content":122130,"nodeType":1569},{},[122131,122149,122156,122163,122169,122185,122192,122209,122216,122223,122230,122237,122244,122251,122258,122278,122285,122292,122298,122305,122312,122319,122325,122331,122337,122344,122351,122357,122364,122371,122378,122384,122391,122398,122405,122412,122419,122425,122432,122439,122445,122452,122459,122465,122471,122478,122545,122552,122558,122565,122572],{"data":122132,"content":122133,"nodeType":883},{},[122134,122138,122145],{"data":122135,"marks":122136,"value":122137,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We published the ",{"data":122139,"content":122140,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[122141],{"data":122142,"marks":122143,"value":1691,"nodeType":867},{},[122144],{"type":876},{"data":122146,"marks":122147,"value":122148,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on GitHub, which is an open-source research project to demonstrate the multitude of attacks that are possible against SaaS-native and hybrid SaaS organizations. On release day it contained 38 different techniques. ",{"data":122150,"content":122151,"nodeType":883},{},[122152],{"data":122153,"marks":122154,"value":122155,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, we know it’s not just individual attack techniques and the phases of the cyber kill chain that matter - it’s also how you chain attacks together. Two lower risk vulnerabilities chained together could be a critical issue.",{"data":122157,"content":122158,"nodeType":883},{},[122159],{"data":122160,"marks":122161,"value":122162,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’re going to demonstrate that by combining two of our favorite new SaaS attack techniques, poisoned tenants and SAMLjacking, you can make a simple, but effective attack chain.",{"data":122164,"content":122165,"nodeType":912},{},[122166],{"data":122167,"marks":122168,"value":103985,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122170,"content":122171,"nodeType":883},{},[122172,122175,122182],{"data":122173,"marks":122174,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122176,"content":122177,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86249},[122178],{"data":122179,"marks":122180,"value":103998,"nodeType":867},{},[122181],{"type":876},{"data":122183,"marks":122184,"value":104002,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122186,"content":122187,"nodeType":912},{},[122188],{"data":122189,"marks":122190,"value":122191,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What the hell is SAMLjacking?",{"data":122193,"content":122194,"nodeType":883},{},[122195,122198,122205],{"data":122196,"marks":122197,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122199,"content":122200,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81066},[122201],{"data":122202,"marks":122203,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[122204],{"type":876},{"data":122206,"marks":122207,"value":122208,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is where an attacker makes use of SAML SSO configuration settings for a SaaS tenant they control in order to redirect users to a malicious link of their choosing during the authentication process. This can be highly effective for phishing as the original URL will be a legitimate SaaS URL and users are expecting to provide credentials.",{"data":122210,"content":122211,"nodeType":912},{},[122212],{"data":122213,"marks":122214,"value":122215,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What’s the benefit of combining them?",{"data":122217,"content":122218,"nodeType":883},{},[122219],{"data":122220,"marks":122221,"value":122222,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A poisoned tenant on its own could be an epic supply chain attack if you get really lucky. Imagine discovering an organization was wanting to migrate to Slack and then catching some key teams with a Slack poisoned tenant and gradually getting the whole organization migrated over. You’d have a goldmine of information as an administrator of the platform.",{"data":122224,"content":122225,"nodeType":883},{},[122226],{"data":122227,"marks":122228,"value":122229,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, it might be hard to trick a whole organization into using an attacker controlled slack instance without anyone realizing, but it could be a lot easier to successfully invite e.g. a marketing team into using/adopting a new marketing app that helps them do SEO. This might be easier to perform, but it doesn't really give the attacker valuable data in the poisoned tenant of the marketing app, so it seems a bit pointless.",{"data":122231,"content":122232,"nodeType":883},{},[122233],{"data":122234,"marks":122235,"value":122236,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the other hand, what about SAMLjacking? It’s a great technique on its own, but you still need to get users to login to the app. Sure, you’ll be sending them a legitimate SaaS URL with a valid TLS certificate etc and so it’s going to pass the sniff test for many people and also bypass email security appliances and similar security tools. However, you’re still effectively phishing them for credentials, the one thing we train users to be most suspicious about, so there is still a possibility they will spot the attack. ",{"data":122238,"content":122239,"nodeType":883},{},[122240],{"data":122241,"marks":122242,"value":122243,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But what if you could combine these techniques so that a poisoned tenant didn’t need to be a big, juicy target to be useful and a SAMLjacking attack didn’t even necessarily require phishing someone directly? What if the attack could be successful just from a target accessing their own bookmarks or open tabs for an app they already use?",{"data":122245,"content":122246,"nodeType":883},{},[122247],{"data":122248,"marks":122249,"value":122250,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a combination scenario, a user doesn't need to be phished for SAMLjacking. One day they go back to their tab and it's logged out and they get SAMLjacked while logging back in. They don't have to click a link in an email. That’s what we are talking about here, so let’s consider an example of this making use of the SaaS-based wiki, Nuclino.",{"data":122252,"content":122253,"nodeType":912},{},[122254],{"data":122255,"marks":122256,"value":122257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An example attack - Nuclino",{"data":122259,"content":122260,"nodeType":883},{},[122261,122265,122274],{"data":122262,"marks":122263,"value":122264,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Before moving on, I’d just like to point out that this isn’t a vulnerability with ",{"data":122266,"content":122268,"nodeType":878},{"uri":122267},"https://www.nuclino.com/",[122269],{"data":122270,"marks":122271,"value":122273,"nodeType":867},{},[122272],{"type":876},"Nuclino",{"data":122275,"marks":122276,"value":122277,"nodeType":867},{},[]," per se and it won’t be limited to Nuclino either. I’ve used Nuclino as an example because it’s a great wiki platform we use at Push Security, so I’m familiar with it. ",{"data":122279,"content":122280,"nodeType":883},{},[122281],{"data":122282,"marks":122283,"value":122284,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It also allows custom SAML authentication, both as part of its free trial and as part of its lowest tier paid plan. This should be commended as many SaaS apps don’t support SAML or other forms of SSO, and many of those that do charge a huge premium via enterprise plans to gain access to it. We love you Nuclino, sorry!",{"data":122286,"content":122287,"nodeType":883},{},[122288],{"data":122289,"marks":122290,"value":122291,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We'll take a walkthrough of how the attack chain works now. However, if you'd like to jump straight to a demo of the attack then checkout the video here:",{"data":122293,"content":122297,"nodeType":892},{"target":122294},{"sys":122295},{"id":122296,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3y6ZMPPsbh6PYlQ7IOxOzS",[],{"data":122299,"content":122300,"nodeType":883},{},[122301],{"data":122302,"marks":122303,"value":122304,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Next, we'll do a full walkthrough of the attack.",{"data":122306,"content":122307,"nodeType":921},{},[122308],{"data":122309,"marks":122310,"value":122311,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 1 - Setup a poisoned tenant and invite target users",{"data":122313,"content":122314,"nodeType":883},{},[122315],{"data":122316,"marks":122317,"value":122318,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first step for an adversary is to set up their poisoned tenant and then make use of the invite functionality to target some employees of the target organization. With Nuclino, you can either do this by sending sharing links directly to the target or invite them through the Nuclino app, and it will send out legit email invitations on your behalf.",{"data":122320,"content":122324,"nodeType":892},{"target":122321},{"sys":122322},{"id":122323,"type":889,"linkType":890},"740nQhGSFp2nFU1b4DP7Mp",[],{"data":122326,"content":122330,"nodeType":892},{"target":122327},{"sys":122328},{"id":122329,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4GFL1L7Mmp3nnBODwC9SbH",[],{"data":122332,"content":122336,"nodeType":892},{"target":122333},{"sys":122334},{"id":122335,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7KUWKFFlDyvBVoM3MEhPwR",[],{"data":122338,"content":122339,"nodeType":921},{},[122340],{"data":122341,"marks":122342,"value":122343,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 2 - Target responds to the invitation or later signs up for Nuclino",{"data":122345,"content":122346,"nodeType":883},{},[122347],{"data":122348,"marks":122349,"value":122350,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The interesting thing here is that whether the target signs up for Nuclino directly from the joining link or they sign up for an account separately in future, they get mapped to the workspace they have been invited to by default.",{"data":122352,"content":122356,"nodeType":892},{"target":122353},{"sys":122354},{"id":122355,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2GlTHcT1cpQ44jb5lN9dr4",[],{"data":122358,"content":122359,"nodeType":921},{},[122360],{"data":122361,"marks":122362,"value":122363,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 3 - Configure a malicious SAML server",{"data":122365,"content":122366,"nodeType":883},{},[122367],{"data":122368,"marks":122369,"value":122370,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once the adversary has a critical mass of users on their poisoned tenant, they can later engage the SAMLjacking attack. ",{"data":122372,"content":122373,"nodeType":883},{},[122374],{"data":122375,"marks":122376,"value":122377,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To do this, they need to configure a custom SAML server. You can point this to a fake authentication provider they control that mirrors the appearance of the SSO provider the target users are accustomed to using in order to capture credentials.",{"data":122379,"content":122383,"nodeType":892},{"target":122380},{"sys":122381},{"id":122382,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1RbhUTZd5Ak4UvjiZhub4V",[],{"data":122385,"content":122386,"nodeType":883},{},[122387],{"data":122388,"marks":122389,"value":122390,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you toggle the setting to require SSO, existing users will be sent emails prompting them to link their accounts to SSO. That leads to two possible paths to a user compromise.",{"data":122392,"content":122393,"nodeType":912},{},[122394],{"data":122395,"marks":122396,"value":122397,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Paths to user compromise ",{"data":122399,"content":122400,"nodeType":921},{},[122401],{"data":122402,"marks":122403,"value":122404,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first possibility",{"data":122406,"content":122407,"nodeType":883},{},[122408],{"data":122409,"marks":122410,"value":122411,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This compromise occurs when the target sees the email that SSO has been configured and clicks the link in order to link their account to SSO. A smart adversary may improve the social engineering quality with an email sent out in advance informing users that the internal security team has requested Nuclino be linked to SSO. This makes the target expect the email and consider it legitimate. ",{"data":122413,"content":122414,"nodeType":883},{},[122415],{"data":122416,"marks":122417,"value":122418,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even though the email is an official email from Nuclino and the link contained is an official Nuclino URL, it will immediately redirect to the malicious SAML server that has been configured, where credentials can then be captured.",{"data":122420,"content":122424,"nodeType":892},{"target":122421},{"sys":122422},{"id":122423,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6zWiAfBx7aaUeo6t04AtUl",[],{"data":122426,"content":122427,"nodeType":921},{},[122428],{"data":122429,"marks":122430,"value":122431,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Second compromise possibility",{"data":122433,"content":122434,"nodeType":883},{},[122435],{"data":122436,"marks":122437,"value":122438,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If the user ignores the email, the other potential outcome occurs when their session expires and they need to login again to regain access. This is similar to a watering hole attack. When their session expires, the target’s open tabs or bookmarks will redirect back to the workspace specific login page, which will now look like this:",{"data":122440,"content":122444,"nodeType":892},{"target":122441},{"sys":122442},{"id":122443,"type":889,"linkType":890},"580CvVtdyEpqdiK8T1lSfQ",[],{"data":122446,"content":122447,"nodeType":883},{},[122448],{"data":122449,"marks":122450,"value":122451,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Clicking the button to login with SSO will immediately redirect to the malicious SAML server and launch the attack. Alternatively, if the target attempts to login without SSO, the login will fail with an error message telling them to login with SSO.",{"data":122453,"content":122454,"nodeType":883},{},[122455],{"data":122456,"marks":122457,"value":122458,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Either way, once the SAMLjacking has taken effect, they’ll be faced with a familiar-looking SSO login page from a trusted source at a point they are expecting to enter their credentials - something even the most paranoid of users could easily fall for unknowingly. ",{"data":122460,"content":122464,"nodeType":892},{"target":122461},{"sys":122462},{"id":122463,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5eFctGgFywtmhhjaXVraqN",[],{"data":122466,"content":122467,"nodeType":912},{},[122468],{"data":122469,"marks":122470,"value":20576,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122472,"content":122473,"nodeType":883},{},[122474],{"data":122475,"marks":122476,"value":122477,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At this point, having compromised multiple user’s Google credentials, an adversary has a lot of options available:",{"data":122479,"content":122480,"nodeType":1526},{},[122481,122491,122501,122523],{"data":122482,"content":122483,"nodeType":1505},{},[122484],{"data":122485,"content":122486,"nodeType":883},{},[122487],{"data":122488,"marks":122489,"value":122490,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Access all data in Google apps like GMail, Google Drive etc",{"data":122492,"content":122493,"nodeType":1505},{},[122494],{"data":122495,"content":122496,"nodeType":883},{},[122497],{"data":122498,"marks":122499,"value":122500,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Access other SaaS apps that use SSO with the same Google account",{"data":122502,"content":122503,"nodeType":1505},{},[122504],{"data":122505,"content":122506,"nodeType":883},{},[122507,122511,122520],{"data":122508,"marks":122509,"value":122510,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Access other SaaS apps that use ",{"data":122512,"content":122514,"nodeType":878},{"uri":122513},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/passwordless_logins/description.md",[122515],{"data":122516,"marks":122517,"value":122519,"nodeType":867},{},[122518],{"type":876},"passwordless logins",{"data":122521,"marks":122522,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122524,"content":122525,"nodeType":1505},{},[122526],{"data":122527,"content":122528,"nodeType":883},{},[122529,122533,122542],{"data":122530,"marks":122531,"value":122532,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Access other SaaS apps via email ",{"data":122534,"content":122536,"nodeType":878},{"uri":122535},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/account_recovery/description.md",[122537],{"data":122538,"marks":122539,"value":122541,"nodeType":867},{},[122540],{"type":876},"account recovery",{"data":122543,"marks":122544,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122546,"content":122547,"nodeType":883},{},[122548],{"data":122549,"marks":122550,"value":122551,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Essentially, this can potentially lead to a compromise of every SaaS application accessible by the compromised user - all from the use of a poisoned tenant for an app with no particularly sensitive data or permissions.",{"data":122553,"content":122554,"nodeType":921},{},[122555],{"data":122556,"marks":122557,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122559,"content":122560,"nodeType":883},{},[122561],{"data":122562,"marks":122563,"value":122564,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We have seen how two new SaaS-focused attack techniques can be combined into one more effective attack chain. This shows how a successful poisoned tenant attack for even a low risk app can still be a significant threat when combined with a SAMLjacking attack. ",{"data":122566,"content":122567,"nodeType":883},{},[122568],{"data":122569,"marks":122570,"value":122571,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This demonstrates even the least sensitive edge cases of SaaS sprawl can represent a vector to laterally move to compromise much more valuable assets. History taught us that protecting core production assets was not enough. Adversaries often achieved compromises via test systems and unsecured development resources. What we are seeing now is that this parallel exists in the SaaS-native world too. Therefore, we need to be protecting all SaaS resources with greater vigilance than their standalone sensitivity would indicate.",{"data":122573,"content":122574,"nodeType":883},{},[122575],{"data":122576,"marks":122577,"value":122578,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So what can be done about it? Well, like much in security, there is no silver bullet solution to this issue. SaaS apps are here to stay and are designed to be flexible, easy to sign up for and use. The key first step is always to get good visibility into the SaaS sprawl across your organization. If certain employees or teams start making use of a new SaaS app (or a new tenant for an existing one), that’s probably something your security team should be aware of so they can make sure it’s legitimate and being used as securely as possible. ","In this article, we’re going to demo combining two of our favorite new SaaS attack techniques to make a simple, but effective attack chain.\n","2023-08-17T00:00:00.000Z","samljacking-a-poisoned-tenant",{"items":122583},[122584,122586],{"sys":122585,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":122587,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":122589},[122590],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":122591},{"url":855},"can-my-admins-steal-my-cloud-password-manager-secrets","blog/can-my-admins-steal-my-cloud-password-manager-secrets",{"json":122595},{"data":122596,"content":122597,"nodeType":1569},{},[122598],{"data":122599,"content":122600,"nodeType":883},{},[122601],{"data":122602,"marks":122603,"value":122604,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We all know admin accounts are powerful and need to be protected - a compromised admin account can do a lot of damage, after all. But can a compromised admin account steal the secrets from your corporate password manager? If so, how does this affect your ability to respond to a hijacked account or malicious insider? Let's dive in.","Can admins access the secrets from your corporate password manager? If so, how does this affect incident response in a compromised admin account scenario?",{"id":122607,"publishedAt":122608},"67rmNM2GcROwaonN9vzAW8","2026-08-12T11:55:33.396Z",{"items":122610},[122611,122613],{"sys":122612,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":122614,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":122616},[122617,122619,122621,122623,122625,122627,122629],{"sys":122618,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":122620,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":122622,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":122624,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":122626,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":122628,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":122630,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},"STU5iBs0MXhBEQ6vjf3xvzzXStkHaWOhovzRRQLkQo0",{"id":122633,"title":122634,"authorsCollection":122635,"content":122640,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":123352,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":123354,"metaTitle":123355,"ogImage":123356,"postType":23865,"publishedDate":123358,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":123359,"slug":124372,"stem":124373,"subtitle":59,"summary":124374,"synopsis":124391,"sys":124392,"tagsCollection":124395,"topicsCollection":124401,"__hash__":124435},"blog/blog/5-ways-to-defeat-identity-based-attacks.json","5 ways to defeat identity-based attacks",{"items":122636},[122637],{"fullName":39815,"firstName":39816,"jobTitle":39817,"socialLinks":122638,"profilePicture":122639},[39901],{"url":39819},{"json":122641,"links":123324},{"data":122642,"content":122643,"nodeType":1569},{},[122644,122651,122658,122665,122672,122679,122686,122692,122699,122706,122713,122720,122736,122743,122750,122757,122764,122771,122778,122785,122791,122798,122805,122812,122819,122825,122833,122840,122847,122854,122861,122869,122876,122882,122889,122896,122919,122926,122959,122966,122982,122990,122997,123004,123011,123018,123071,123078,123084,123091,123098,123105,123113,123120,123127,123134,123162,123169,123202,123209,123216,123223,123230,123238,123245,123252,123259,123266,123273,123280,123287,123294,123312,123318],{"data":122645,"content":122646,"nodeType":912},{},[122647],{"data":122648,"marks":122649,"value":122650,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is in an identity?",{"data":122652,"content":122653,"nodeType":883},{},[122654],{"data":122655,"marks":122656,"value":122657,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Like real identities, digital identities are a little hard to define. Formally it’s a mapping of a human into the digital world, but more often this term is used as synonymous with a credential (e.g. a username and password, a Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) device, or a fingerprint) - the thing you use to prove you own the identity in an authentication process. When people say an identity is breached, they typically mean the credentials have been stolen.",{"data":122659,"content":122660,"nodeType":883},{},[122661],{"data":122662,"marks":122663,"value":122664,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is a useful simplification, but bear in mind that reality is a bit more complex. For example - identities are typically tied to an account on an application (you want to login to Slack, Slack knows your password), but can also trust a third party (an Identity Provider or IdP) to authenticate an identity on your behalf in what’s known as federation (“login with Google” on Slack).",{"data":122666,"content":122667,"nodeType":883},{},[122668],{"data":122669,"marks":122670,"value":122671,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Surprisingly, it’s very common for modern apps to allow a user to authenticate to the same account using a local credential (a username and password) and a federated identity (e.g. the “login with Google” or “login with Microsoft” buttons) interchangeably.",{"data":122673,"content":122674,"nodeType":883},{},[122675],{"data":122676,"marks":122677,"value":122678,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s how you could wind up with multiple identities tied to a single account, or multiple accounts tied to a single federated identity. This is exactly what you see for real users - and every weird in-between case to boot.",{"data":122680,"content":122681,"nodeType":912},{},[122682],{"data":122683,"marks":122684,"value":122685,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The “new perimeter” … from a red-teamer’s perspective",{"data":122687,"content":122688,"nodeType":883},{},[122689],{"data":122690,"marks":122691,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":122693,"content":122694,"nodeType":883},{},[122695],{"data":122696,"marks":122697,"value":122698,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To see how identities are the new thing, it helps to see how we got here.",{"data":122700,"content":122701,"nodeType":921},{},[122702],{"data":122703,"marks":122704,"value":122705,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The good old days",{"data":122707,"content":122708,"nodeType":883},{},[122709],{"data":122710,"marks":122711,"value":122712,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A couple of decades ago, I was just getting started as a red-teamer or penetration tester, or whatever you want to call it. The job is to do what real attackers do so clients could understand the attack techniques and better defend against them. The most stressful part of each project was the first step - getting initial access to the target - getting past their perimeter and into the (usually) soft internals.",{"data":122714,"content":122715,"nodeType":883},{},[122716],{"data":122717,"marks":122718,"value":122719,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A security perimeter is a boundary at which controls can be enforced. From an offensive perspective, a security perimeter is the same as an attack surface: where you can target initial attacks to gain a foothold, from which you can launch further attacks. I use perimeter and attack surface interchangeably going forward.",{"data":122721,"content":122722,"nodeType":883},{},[122723,122727,122732],{"data":122724,"marks":122725,"value":122726,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A perimeter can be physical, like a wall around a house, or virtual like the network boundary between an internal network and the internet where controls are things like firewalls. A couple of decades ago this internet network boundary was ",{"data":122728,"marks":122729,"value":122731,"nodeType":867},{},[122730],{"type":2278},"the",{"data":122733,"marks":122734,"value":122735,"nodeType":867},{},[]," perimeter. As any decent red-teamer during this era, we had a pretty well-oiled process of mapping a client’s external network, scanning it for services, and then identifying and exploiting known vulnerabilities in those services. With this foothold on a target network, we could pivot to other, more sensitive internal systems.",{"data":122737,"content":122738,"nodeType":883},{},[122739],{"data":122740,"marks":122741,"value":122742,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Blue teams started having success with automated vulnerability scanning and patching programs, during this time. Then red teams responded by focusing on finding new vulnerabilities, especially in custom code like web applications. I fondly remember using techniques like xp_cmdshell with SQL injection to get access to breach perimeter systems and get access to internal networks. As DMZs, SDLC, vuln scanning and a dozen other tactics became generally adopted things improved to the point where those standard red-team playbooks weren’t working anymore. ",{"data":122744,"content":122745,"nodeType":921},{},[122746],{"data":122747,"marks":122748,"value":122749,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The shift to targeting users and their endpoints",{"data":122751,"content":122752,"nodeType":883},{},[122753],{"data":122754,"marks":122755,"value":122756,"nodeType":867},{},[],"About a decade ago, attackers realized it was easier to breach the perimeter and gain access to internal networks by simply targeting users with endpoints directly connected to the internal network. At the time the main techniques were email phishing and malicious web pages delivering exploits or straight malware. We put down Burp and our other web app testing tools and started spending our time crafting phishing emails with malicious macro-laden Microsoft Office documents for that initial entrypoint.",{"data":122758,"content":122759,"nodeType":883},{},[122760],{"data":122761,"marks":122762,"value":122763,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Defenders were on the back foot and even back then the “train your employees to spot attacks” advice felt as totally unrealistic as it’s now proved to be. The zeitgeist suggested, \"Attackers only need to succeed once; defenders must succeed every time.\" Defenders were blind and the focus was firmly on detection. Much much better telemetry was needed, which spawned the endpoint detection and response (EDR) revolution. ",{"data":122765,"content":122766,"nodeType":883},{},[122767],{"data":122768,"marks":122769,"value":122770,"nodeType":867},{},[],"EDR required immediate changes to red team tactics, and together with better endpoint security defaults, automatic OS updates (that actually started working) and memory exploit protections (things like DEP and ASLR) the timelines for successful attacks were stretching a lot.",{"data":122772,"content":122773,"nodeType":921},{},[122774],{"data":122775,"marks":122776,"value":122777,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The modern perimeter",{"data":122779,"content":122780,"nodeType":883},{},[122781],{"data":122782,"marks":122783,"value":122784,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers have had to change tactics yet again, due to the rising cost of attacking endpoints and the fact that data has moved off endpoints and internal networks and onto cloud systems or Software as a Service (SaaS) applications.",{"data":122786,"content":122790,"nodeType":892},{"target":122787},{"sys":122788},{"id":122789,"type":889,"linkType":890},"79wGG37CY7aBdRrdjO5eQY",[],{"data":122792,"content":122793,"nodeType":883},{},[122794],{"data":122795,"marks":122796,"value":122797,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identities have always existed as a target for attackers and were a critical part of the kill chain, but they used to be protected by some other perimeter, be that a network perimeter or an endpoint perimeter. ",{"data":122799,"content":122800,"nodeType":883},{},[122801],{"data":122802,"marks":122803,"value":122804,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This has fundamentally changed as modern work applications are now directly exposed to the internet  - and the only thing needed to access these apps are identities. That means identities are now no longer the second or third target but the initial target, the new perimeter.",{"data":122806,"content":122807,"nodeType":912},{},[122808],{"data":122809,"marks":122810,"value":122811,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Securing the (identity) perimeter",{"data":122813,"content":122814,"nodeType":883},{},[122815],{"data":122816,"marks":122817,"value":122818,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To understand how we can protect this new perimeter, I’ll discuss the general approach to securing any perimeter, and then how this applies to the identity attack surface.",{"data":122820,"content":122824,"nodeType":892},{"target":122821},{"sys":122822},{"id":122823,"type":889,"linkType":890},"c0YSk60vVULBPorLkkBPL",[],{"data":122826,"content":122827,"nodeType":921},{},[122828],{"data":122829,"marks":122830,"value":122832,"nodeType":867},{},[122831],{"type":910},"1. Map your perimeter",{"data":122834,"content":122835,"nodeType":883},{},[122836],{"data":122837,"marks":122838,"value":122839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s impossible to secure what you don’t know about. Whether your perimeter is made of network services, user endpoints or identities, you must know what they are before you can implement controls to protect them, and crucially, verify those controls are effective.",{"data":122841,"content":122842,"nodeType":883},{},[122843],{"data":122844,"marks":122845,"value":122846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a traditional network setting, you might ask IT to inventory public network ranges, domains you own, and internet facing servers and services to get visibility into your attack surface. This is a pretty complex task and lots of the static inventory will quickly become outdated and incomplete. That’s why many orgs will perform network discovery activities to find internet-exposed network services, using anything from basic network scans to find onsite or self-hosted services to querying APIs in cloud infrastructure platforms (like AWS or Azure).",{"data":122848,"content":122849,"nodeType":883},{},[122850],{"data":122851,"marks":122852,"value":122853,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are parallels in the identity perimeter space, like querying Identity Providers (IdPs like Entra/AzureAD or Okta) for federated identities to map the attack surface. Unfortunately there is no equivalent to scanning your public network ranges for identities, since you can’t scan or query an app to find accounts on your domain (would that we could!). This problem is compounded by the fact that while IT and developers are typically the only ones that can create and expose new network services, most apps allow any employee to create a new identity by signing up to a free account outside your SSO solution.",{"data":122855,"content":122856,"nodeType":883},{},[122857],{"data":122858,"marks":122859,"value":122860,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Knowing your perimeter without a technical solution is going to be a very hit and miss affair. To have confidence that you understand your identity perimeter, you need an inventory solution that can discover SSO identities (the easy part), as well as identities created outside SSO, like local accounts those employees created just by signing up. To secure identities it’s not enough to know that an employee is accessing an app website, you need to know if they are logged in and what identity they are using (is the username a company email or personal gmail?) or you’ll be dealing with endless false positives.",{"data":122862,"content":122863,"nodeType":921},{},[122864],{"data":122865,"marks":122866,"value":122868,"nodeType":867},{},[122867],{"type":910},"2. Reduce the size of your attack surface",{"data":122870,"content":122871,"nodeType":883},{},[122872],{"data":122873,"marks":122874,"value":122875,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you have an idea of what makes up your perimeter, it’s generally a good idea to make it as small as possible. If you halve the number of network services an attacker can target, that means you can spend twice as long per service to secure the ones that remain - the same goes for identities!",{"data":122877,"content":122881,"nodeType":892},{"target":122878},{"sys":122879},{"id":122880,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2XZ5vADLzuEnc2aAdZrkbO",[],{"data":122883,"content":122884,"nodeType":883},{},[122885],{"data":122886,"marks":122887,"value":122888,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To start this process, remove unused or unnecessary targets from the perimeter. ",{"data":122890,"content":122891,"nodeType":883},{},[122892],{"data":122893,"marks":122894,"value":122895,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On a network perimeter that might mean:",{"data":122897,"content":122898,"nodeType":1526},{},[122899,122909],{"data":122900,"content":122901,"nodeType":1505},{},[122902],{"data":122903,"content":122904,"nodeType":883},{},[122905],{"data":122906,"marks":122907,"value":122908,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Shutting down unused servers or",{"data":122910,"content":122911,"nodeType":1505},{},[122912],{"data":122913,"content":122914,"nodeType":883},{},[122915],{"data":122916,"marks":122917,"value":122918,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Firewalling services that don’t need to be exposed to the internet.",{"data":122920,"content":122921,"nodeType":883},{},[122922],{"data":122923,"marks":122924,"value":122925,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the identity space, you might:",{"data":122927,"content":122928,"nodeType":1526},{},[122929,122939,122949],{"data":122930,"content":122931,"nodeType":1505},{},[122932],{"data":122933,"content":122934,"nodeType":883},{},[122935],{"data":122936,"marks":122937,"value":122938,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Make sure new accounts use existing federated identities,",{"data":122940,"content":122941,"nodeType":1505},{},[122942],{"data":122943,"content":122944,"nodeType":883},{},[122945],{"data":122946,"marks":122947,"value":122948,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Delete or disable unused SSO identities on your IdP, or ",{"data":122950,"content":122951,"nodeType":1505},{},[122952],{"data":122953,"content":122954,"nodeType":883},{},[122955],{"data":122956,"marks":122957,"value":122958,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Manually delete unnecessary user accounts on work apps.",{"data":122960,"content":122961,"nodeType":883},{},[122962],{"data":122963,"marks":122964,"value":122965,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Manually deleting an unmanaged local identity on an app, e.g. after an employee leaves your org, is a (very) non-trivial task. This is because you often don’t known of the accounts and don't have access to manage the account (the IT or security team aren’t admin on the app tenant where it exists). You might have access to the user’s mailbox and be able to get access to the account by going through an account recovery flow and delete the account that way - but this is very time consuming and even more difficult if the user enabled MFA (which is what you want them to do!).",{"data":122967,"content":122968,"nodeType":883},{},[122969,122973,122978],{"data":122970,"marks":122971,"value":122972,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Given the difficulty of managing these accounts, a better strategy is to ",{"data":122974,"marks":122975,"value":122977,"nodeType":867},{},[122976],{"type":910},"make sure they never exist in the first place",{"data":122979,"marks":122980,"value":122981,"nodeType":867},{},[],". If you find you have lots of identities on an app you may decide the risk warrants IT effort and you can take over management of the app and integrate it with your IdP solution - or ask employees to use an alternative app instead. You can also use browser-based technical controls to prevent users from creating local identities in the first place.",{"data":122983,"content":122984,"nodeType":921},{},[122985],{"data":122986,"marks":122987,"value":122989,"nodeType":867},{},[122988],{"type":910},"3. Harden the perimeter",{"data":122991,"content":122992,"nodeType":883},{},[122993],{"data":122994,"marks":122995,"value":122996,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you’ve made the perimeter as small as possible, the next step is to make it more difficult to breach that perimeter. Similar to the other objectives, but especially here, there are two sides to this. First the implementation; you have processes, configuration standards, and tools to make sure network services are updated and securely configured. Virtually no one achieves success simply through implementing good processes, you must continually verify that these processes work and that it continues to work.",{"data":122998,"content":122999,"nodeType":883},{},[123000],{"data":123001,"marks":123002,"value":123003,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To verify network controls are in place and working you do something like vulnerability scanning, where you check the perimeter for known vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit and gain a foothold on your internal network. You might even have a risk profile that means you are concerned about more targeted attacks and hire pentesters or run a bug-bounty program to find weaknesses that can’t be automatically discovered. Very few organizations with an external network of any significant size perform a vulnerability scan for the first time - even a low-quality automated one - and find no serious issues. ",{"data":123005,"content":123006,"nodeType":883},{},[123007],{"data":123008,"marks":123009,"value":123010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the identity space, the status-quo is to be content with making policies and implementing and configuring an SSO system without explicit verification that it works as it should. We should be following the same level of verification processes for the identity perimeter as we do/did for the endpoint and network perimeter. ",{"data":123012,"content":123013,"nodeType":883},{},[123014],{"data":123015,"marks":123016,"value":123017,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, the vulnerabilities we are looking for aren’t unpatched systems or zero-days. Instead, we’re looking for:",{"data":123019,"content":123020,"nodeType":1526},{},[123021,123031,123041,123051,123061],{"data":123022,"content":123023,"nodeType":1505},{},[123024],{"data":123025,"content":123026,"nodeType":883},{},[123027],{"data":123028,"marks":123029,"value":123030,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Accounts without MFA, ",{"data":123032,"content":123033,"nodeType":1505},{},[123034],{"data":123035,"content":123036,"nodeType":883},{},[123037],{"data":123038,"marks":123039,"value":123040,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Those using weak MFA methods that make them phish-able,",{"data":123042,"content":123043,"nodeType":1505},{},[123044],{"data":123045,"content":123046,"nodeType":883},{},[123047],{"data":123048,"marks":123049,"value":123050,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Employees re-using the same password across multiple accounts, ",{"data":123052,"content":123053,"nodeType":1505},{},[123054],{"data":123055,"content":123056,"nodeType":883},{},[123057],{"data":123058,"marks":123059,"value":123060,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Passwords that exist in public breach dumps,",{"data":123062,"content":123063,"nodeType":1505},{},[123064],{"data":123065,"content":123066,"nodeType":883},{},[123067],{"data":123068,"marks":123069,"value":123070,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identities that should be in SSO but aren’t.",{"data":123072,"content":123073,"nodeType":883},{},[123074],{"data":123075,"marks":123076,"value":123077,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s not yet standard practice to test or verify that identity controls are in place, but if the past has taught us anything it soon will be. You'd be surprised how many times we find that the MFA policies security teams thought they had in place, actually aren't.",{"data":123079,"content":123083,"nodeType":892},{"target":123080},{"sys":123081},{"id":123082,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4w5UZcf5hJ7ADuoT5W2tkC",[],{"data":123085,"content":123086,"nodeType":883},{},[123087],{"data":123088,"marks":123089,"value":123090,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Part of the reason for this lack of verification is due to lack of awareness. While identities used to be an internal thing that we protected with the network perimeter, online identities today are external and have slowly become the perimeter, almost without anyone noticing. While online identities are external, they are absolutely part of your attack surface and must be controlled and hardened to some extent.",{"data":123092,"content":123093,"nodeType":883},{},[123094],{"data":123095,"marks":123096,"value":123097,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Verifying controls is also really difficult, which is another reason we may not be making it a crucial step in the process. Customers feel that SSO solutions are security solutions and using security tools on security tools feel wrong. But it’s no different to vuln-scanning to ensure your firewalls are patched and don’t have default passwords. ",{"data":123099,"content":123100,"nodeType":883},{},[123101],{"data":123102,"marks":123103,"value":123104,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Verification can also be legally challenging because it’s not yet clear whether pentesters or red teamers are allowed to target online identities during assessments. Often these assets aren’t considered in scope during client assessments. This means these vulnerabilities rarely end up in pentest reports and therefore don’t enter many organization’s security or risk management processes. Since you own the identities (even on a third party identity solution or app) and are allowed to grant permission to the red team to use these identities, it seems to me that adding identities to the scope is distinct from bug hunting or vulnerability research on these apps (which is the legally challenging aspect). I would strongly recommend that you discuss including online identities with the red team as part of your next pentest.",{"data":123106,"content":123107,"nodeType":921},{},[123108],{"data":123109,"marks":123110,"value":123112,"nodeType":867},{},[123111],{"type":910},"4. Limit breach impact",{"data":123114,"content":123115,"nodeType":883},{},[123116],{"data":123117,"marks":123118,"value":123119,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The unfortunate reality is that regardless of what we do to harden a perimeter, there will always be a chance that breaches occur. The goal is to reduce that risk by minimizing the attack surface and hardening identities. ",{"data":123121,"content":123122,"nodeType":883},{},[123123],{"data":123124,"marks":123125,"value":123126,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When an attacker does get a foothold (by compromising an identity, for instance) you need to to restrict their further actions. Risk involves both the likelihood and the impact of an event. Previously, we focused on reducing the likelihood of breaches. Now, we're also aiming to lessen the impact if they do occur.",{"data":123128,"content":123129,"nodeType":883},{},[123130],{"data":123131,"marks":123132,"value":123133,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In our network perimeter story, we might think of using a DMZ network to restrict network access for systems exposed to the internet. A common example of a failure to limit impact on a Windows endpoint breach is having service accounts on all endpoints with Domain Administrator permission - which effectively turns a breach of any endpoint very quickly into a breach of every endpoint.",{"data":123135,"content":123136,"nodeType":883},{},[123137,123141,123148,123152,123158],{"data":123138,"marks":123139,"value":123140,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In an identity context, we need to think not only of the direct effect of an identity compromise (e.g. what data can this account read), but also of further lateral movement attacks. Consider this ",{"data":123142,"content":123143,"nodeType":878},{"uri":106563},[123144],{"data":123145,"marks":123146,"value":104533,"nodeType":867},{},[123147],{"type":876},{"data":123149,"marks":123150,"value":123151,"nodeType":867},{},[]," case study where a breached identity with admin permissions on an otherwise low-risk app which is connected to SSO can be used to perform a ",{"data":123153,"content":123154,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81066},[123155],{"data":123156,"marks":123157,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":123159,"marks":123160,"value":123161,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attack that compromises SSO credentials for all other users of the same low-risk app.",{"data":123163,"content":123164,"nodeType":883},{},[123165],{"data":123166,"marks":123167,"value":123168,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In contrast to traditional network or endpoint breaches, identity breaches are scoped to the permissions that the compromised account has. If an identity is compromised, whatever that identity is authorized to do is the scope of the breach. For example:",{"data":123170,"content":123171,"nodeType":1526},{},[123172,123182],{"data":123173,"content":123174,"nodeType":1505},{},[123175],{"data":123176,"content":123177,"nodeType":883},{},[123178],{"data":123179,"marks":123180,"value":123181,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If an identity with read access to a code repository was breached you might consider that all the source code (hopefully no secrets!) they had read access to was taken unless you can prove otherwise. This is often more difficult than you expect - last time I checked Github (by far the world's most popular source code repository app) logs didn’t include, for example, zipped repo downloads. ",{"data":123183,"content":123184,"nodeType":1505},{},[123185],{"data":123186,"content":123187,"nodeType":883},{},[123188,123192,123199],{"data":123189,"marks":123190,"value":123191,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If an identity with write permission was compromised, you would also need to check all commits/changes to ensure no code was backdoored. The same applies for other apps - think of an identity with write access to a wiki being used to ",{"data":123193,"content":123194,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80858},[123195],{"data":123196,"marks":123197,"value":123198,"nodeType":867},{},[],"drop links to phishing pages",{"data":123200,"marks":123201,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":123203,"content":123204,"nodeType":883},{},[123205],{"data":123206,"marks":123207,"value":123208,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For primary cloud collaboration platforms with complex data types (think O365 or Google Workspace) your IT team is likely already managing policies to limit the data that a user can read. For primary cloud hosting platforms your DevOps teams are likely maintaining policies to manage privileged access to production systems. The situation is typically very different for the few dozen high risk “core apps” beyond the 2 or 3 apps that receive a lot of attention and have dedicated teams.",{"data":123210,"content":123211,"nodeType":883},{},[123212],{"data":123213,"marks":123214,"value":123215,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Starting to review roles and permissions across the few dozen or so high-risk apps that are not as actively managed (or more likely self-managed by the teams using them) is a good way to start addressing the residual risk. The good news here is that most modern work apps use a much simpler permission model based largely around predefined roles like Owner, Admin, or Employee or similar variations. This means less flexibility, but also makes it a lot easier to manage permissions for identities on these apps - on balance, a good trade!",{"data":123217,"content":123218,"nodeType":883},{},[123219],{"data":123220,"marks":123221,"value":123222,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Consider this as part of your identity and access management review process. Something that used to be scoped around Active Directory group membership, but in a modern online identity context, now must be applied across many different work apps. ",{"data":123224,"content":123225,"nodeType":883},{},[123226],{"data":123227,"marks":123228,"value":123229,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unless you want to try to get access to each tenant of each app and normalize this data into a mega-spreadsheet, you need access to this data in your identity inventory. This is an especially big challenge as teams find many of the apps they care about support authentication through SSO, but not authorization.",{"data":123231,"content":123232,"nodeType":921},{},[123233],{"data":123234,"marks":123235,"value":123237,"nodeType":867},{},[123236],{"type":910},"5. Detect and respond to attacks",{"data":123239,"content":123240,"nodeType":883},{},[123241],{"data":123242,"marks":123243,"value":123244,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Your last line of defense in protecting a perimeter is to monitor for attacks. It’s typically when controls and detections fail that breaches end in the news. ",{"data":123246,"content":123247,"nodeType":883},{},[123248],{"data":123249,"marks":123250,"value":123251,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Telemetry is the core building block of attack detection. Typically, you might ingest audit or event logs into a SIEM system. To detect attacks against identities, you’ll typically want to start with telemetry from SSO or IdP logs. These will provide some minimal coverage of many of the IT managed apps, but unfortunately attacks are more likely to happen on apps that aren’t SSO integrated, so we need a strategy to cover these as well. An identity inventory is a critical starting point to identify non-SSO apps from which you can collect event logs, as well as giving you visibility of the identities that are not covered.",{"data":123253,"content":123254,"nodeType":883},{},[123255],{"data":123256,"marks":123257,"value":123258,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Monitoring breaches for hosted work apps is different from other domains, largely because you are almost totally reliant on the app vendor to produce the telemetry. Unfortunately (I suspect primarily due to lack of customer demand), many apps don’t offer any centralized logging functionality at all, and those that do offer limited audit logs, or only do so on the top tier “enterprise” license plans. ",{"data":123260,"content":123261,"nodeType":883},{},[123262],{"data":123263,"marks":123264,"value":123265,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the network or endpoint world, when you need more telemetry you have all the access you need to install software or hardware to generate that additional telemetry. You could put a network monitoring appliance in-line with your internet gateways or install an endpoint (EDR) agent to generate more telemetry than your router or endpoint OS will generate. You can add a proxy in front of an app for your users, but (except for a very small number of highly configurable apps) you can’t make attackers go through your proxy.",{"data":123267,"content":123268,"nodeType":883},{},[123269],{"data":123270,"marks":123271,"value":123272,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What you can do, however, is generate additional telemetry on what happens to your employee’s identities in the browser. This is possible through browser extensions which can be managed through the enterprise management features available for all mainstream browsers (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari, Brave etc. etc.). This is incredibly powerful, and useful in directly detecting a range of identity attacks like phishing (is an employee trying to enter an SSO password into an app that isn’t the SSO login page?), but also through correlations with existing application or IdP logs that indicate account takeover (e.g. has there been a login event that wasn’t observed through the employee’s browser as well).",{"data":123274,"content":123275,"nodeType":912},{},[123276],{"data":123277,"marks":123278,"value":123279,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Same, but different",{"data":123281,"content":123282,"nodeType":883},{},[123283],{"data":123284,"marks":123285,"value":123286,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Whether we’re looking at the Verizon DBIR or just keeping up with security news, it’s clear that identity-based attacks are already responsible for a significant number of breaches. Attackers have started shifting their focus and security teams need to recognize this shift and adapt.",{"data":123288,"content":123289,"nodeType":883},{},[123290],{"data":123291,"marks":123292,"value":123293,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This doesn’t require that we fundamentally rethink security or anything that radical, just that we apply what we’ve learned over the last couple of decades to this new domain. There are some new technologies and protocols to understand, new tools are needed, but the fundamentals like authentication and authorization are already familiar to any security professional. ",{"data":123295,"content":123296,"nodeType":883},{},[123297,123301,123308],{"data":123298,"marks":123299,"value":123300,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you follow what I’ve outlined here, a lot of the decisions we’ve made with building Push will make perfect sense. For example, you can’t make API integrations with apps to find identities when you don’t know about the apps or identities yet, so we needed a unique new data source. We use our own custom-built browser extension that’s force-deployed to your workforce, so we can observe employee identities as they are used in the browser. This gives us some pretty unique capabilities. If you found this interesting, follow us on ",{"data":123302,"content":123303,"nodeType":878},{"uri":61262},[123304],{"data":123305,"marks":123306,"value":123307,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Linkedin",{"data":123309,"marks":123310,"value":123311,"nodeType":867},{},[]," for more detailed blogs as we unpack this topic.",{"data":123313,"content":123317,"nodeType":892},{"target":123314},{"sys":123315},{"id":123316,"type":889,"linkType":890},"H7m9DHmbE945FO193oLYP",[],{"data":123319,"content":123320,"nodeType":883},{},[123321],{"data":123322,"marks":123323,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":123325},{"hyperlink":123326,"inline":123327,"block":123328},[],[],[123329,123335,123339,123345,123349],{"sys":123330,"__typename":1584,"title":123331,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":123332},{"id":122789},"Identity Security Attack 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Here are a few ideas to get you started:",{"data":124084,"content":124085,"nodeType":1526},{},[124086,124096,124106,124116],{"data":124087,"content":124088,"nodeType":1505},{},[124089],{"data":124090,"content":124091,"nodeType":883},{},[124092],{"data":124093,"marks":124094,"value":124095,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Encourage employees to use an approved app over a new, unsupported alternative.",{"data":124097,"content":124098,"nodeType":1505},{},[124099],{"data":124100,"content":124101,"nodeType":883},{},[124102],{"data":124103,"marks":124104,"value":124105,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Remind employees not to enter sensitive information into ChatGPT or other GenAI tools.",{"data":124107,"content":124108,"nodeType":1505},{},[124109],{"data":124110,"content":124111,"nodeType":883},{},[124112],{"data":124113,"marks":124114,"value":124115,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Tell employees not to use an app until it can be reviewed by the security team.",{"data":124117,"content":124118,"nodeType":1505},{},[124119],{"data":124120,"content":124121,"nodeType":883},{},[124122],{"data":124123,"marks":124124,"value":124125,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ask employees to use their federated identity on apps supporting SSO.",{"data":124127,"content":124131,"nodeType":892},{"target":124128},{"sys":124129},{"id":124130,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6XuJbfjhrr9JDKY6fcD5hZ",[],{"data":124133,"content":124134,"nodeType":912},{},[124135],{"data":124136,"marks":124137,"value":124138,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why did we build it?",{"data":124140,"content":124141,"nodeType":883},{},[124142],{"data":124143,"marks":124144,"value":124145,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We co-created this feature with our customers. They wanted a more flexible and nuanced way of managing the risks associated with using SaaS apps than just allowlisting or blocklisting apps. ",{"data":124147,"content":124148,"nodeType":883},{},[124149],{"data":124150,"marks":124151,"value":124152,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That means guiding employees to use apps more safely rather than just blocking new tools by default.",{"data":124154,"content":124155,"nodeType":883},{},[124156],{"data":124157,"marks":124158,"value":124159,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now don’t get us wrong — there’s a time and a place for blocking. But for most organizations, there are more scenarios when it's better to help employees do something safely. ",{"data":124161,"content":124162,"nodeType":883},{},[124163,124167,124172,124176,124181],{"data":124164,"marks":124165,"value":124166,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s the reason why we ",{"data":124168,"marks":124169,"value":124171,"nodeType":867},{},[124170],{"type":2278},"wanted",{"data":124173,"marks":124174,"value":124175,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to build the feature. The reason we were ",{"data":124177,"marks":124178,"value":124180,"nodeType":867},{},[124179],{"type":2278},"able",{"data":124182,"marks":124183,"value":124184,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to build it is because Push’s superpower is a browser extension that detects signups and logins to supported and unsupported apps, and then helps you manage and secure accounts and identities on all of them. ",{"data":124186,"content":124187,"nodeType":883},{},[124188],{"data":124189,"marks":124190,"value":124191,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The Push browser extension gets you the closest to the user, providing the ideal platform for security teams to guide employees at exactly the right time and place — when they’re accessing an app in their browser.",{"data":124193,"content":124194,"nodeType":912},{},[124195],{"data":124196,"marks":124197,"value":111588,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":124199,"content":124200,"nodeType":124269},{},[124201,124211,124221,124240,124259],{"data":124202,"content":124203,"nodeType":1505},{},[124204],{"data":124205,"content":124206,"nodeType":883},{},[124207],{"data":124208,"marks":124209,"value":124210,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can configure an app banner in less than 1 minute. Here are the 4 steps, or just scroll down to the demos below to see for yourself. ",{"data":124212,"content":124213,"nodeType":1505},{},[124214],{"data":124215,"content":124216,"nodeType":883},{},[124217],{"data":124218,"marks":124219,"value":124220,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Find an app in your app inventory on the Push platform.",{"data":124222,"content":124223,"nodeType":1505},{},[124224],{"data":124225,"content":124226,"nodeType":883},{},[124227,124231,124236],{"data":124228,"marks":124229,"value":124230,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hit ",{"data":124232,"marks":124233,"value":124235,"nodeType":867},{},[124234],{"type":910},"Configure on the app details slideout",{"data":124237,"marks":124238,"value":124239,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and then add your custom banner message. ",{"data":124241,"content":124242,"nodeType":1505},{},[124243],{"data":124244,"content":124245,"nodeType":883},{},[124246,124250,124255],{"data":124247,"marks":124248,"value":124249,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Use the ",{"data":124251,"marks":124252,"value":124254,"nodeType":867},{},[124253],{"type":910},"Preview",{"data":124256,"marks":124257,"value":124258,"nodeType":867},{},[]," button to see what it will look like. ",{"data":124260,"content":124261,"nodeType":1505},{},[124262],{"data":124263,"content":124264,"nodeType":883},{},[124265],{"data":124266,"marks":124267,"value":124268,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Then once you're happy, save it to enable it on the signup and login pages for that app. Now your banner will appear every time an employee accesses the app using a browser with the Push browser extension on it. ","ordered-list",{"data":124271,"content":124272,"nodeType":912},{},[124273],{"data":124274,"marks":124275,"value":124276,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Use case inspo",{"data":124278,"content":124279,"nodeType":921},{},[124280],{"data":124281,"marks":124282,"value":124283,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Help employees use ChatGPT and GenAI apps safely",{"data":124285,"content":124286,"nodeType":883},{},[124287],{"data":124288,"marks":124289,"value":124290,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Lots of security teams we speak to are happy for their employees to use GenAI apps like ChatGPT, as long as no sensitive data goes into them. Here we create a banner telling employees not to share sensitive information and to read the GenAI policy to understand how to use apps like this securely.",{"data":124292,"content":124296,"nodeType":892},{"target":124293},{"sys":124294},{"id":124295,"type":889,"linkType":890},"N6E38qUzEe8fNvpoJwBXH",[],{"data":124298,"content":124299,"nodeType":921},{},[124300],{"data":124301,"marks":124302,"value":124303,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Guide your employees toward approved apps and prevent SaaS sprawl",{"data":124305,"content":124306,"nodeType":883},{},[124307],{"data":124308,"marks":124309,"value":124310,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You’ll probably prefer that your employees use approved and supported apps, and not to self-adopt new duplicate apps that contribute to SaaS sprawl. Here we use a banner to tell employees to use an approved file-sharing app.",{"data":124312,"content":124316,"nodeType":892},{"target":124313},{"sys":124314},{"id":124315,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2VhggiMOWCu9ZXqh4U7pZ9",[],{"data":124318,"content":124319,"nodeType":921},{},[124320],{"data":124321,"marks":124322,"value":124323,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Encourage employees to use their federated identities instead of creating shadow identities",{"data":124325,"content":124326,"nodeType":883},{},[124327],{"data":124328,"marks":124329,"value":124330,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’ve invested in an SSO solution like Okta, you probably want to get as many of your apps and accounts behind it as possible. This banner tells employees to access the app using their Okta federated identity rather than using or creating a local account. ",{"data":124332,"content":124336,"nodeType":892},{"target":124333},{"sys":124334},{"id":124335,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6cJcIJ8GpsioU6JQs3afxy",[],{"data":124338,"content":124339,"nodeType":912},{},[124340],{"data":124341,"marks":124342,"value":37808,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":124344,"content":124345,"nodeType":883},{},[124346,124349,124355],{"data":124347,"marks":124348,"value":60534,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":124350,"content":124351,"nodeType":878},{"uri":1559},[124352],{"data":124353,"marks":124354,"value":39222,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":124356,"marks":124357,"value":124358,"nodeType":867},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using and how we detect vulnerable identities. ","Introducing in-browser app banners: Set guardrails for cloud apps","2024-02-06T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-in-browser-app-banners-set-guardrails-for-cloud-apps",{"items":124363},[124364,124366],{"sys":124365,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"sys":124367,"name":60574},{"id":60573},{"items":124369},[124370],{"fullName":39251,"firstName":39252,"jobTitle":14683,"profilePicture":124371},{"url":39254},"5-ways-to-defeat-identity-based-attacks","blog/5-ways-to-defeat-identity-based-attacks",{"json":124375},{"data":124376,"content":124377,"nodeType":1569},{},[124378,124385],{"data":124379,"content":124380,"nodeType":883},{},[124381],{"data":124382,"marks":124383,"value":124384,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In today's digital world, identities are the new frontier for attackers seeking to breach organizational perimeters. As the attack surface evolves, so too must our strategies for defending against threats. Below are five key tactics to bolster your defenses and thwart identity-based attacks.",{"data":124386,"content":124387,"nodeType":883},{},[124388],{"data":124389,"marks":124390,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this blog post we will cover what identities are, how we secure perimeters in general, and and how this maps to the identity space.\n",{"id":124393,"publishedAt":124394},"6rflXTFCRMvmM8JU8ZPSCt","2026-08-13T09:35:17.592Z",{"items":124396},[124397,124399],{"sys":124398,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"sys":124400,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":124402},[124403,124405,124407,124409,124411,124413,124415,124417,124419,124421,124423,124425,124427,124429,124431,124433],{"sys":124404,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":124406,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":124408,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":124410,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":124412,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":124414,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":124416,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":124418,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":124420,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":124422,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":124424,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":124426,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":124428,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":124430,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":124432,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45},{"id":374},{"sys":124434,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},"x99zaD4EVCYXTHcUTO7CXoPmpf4jFF3hUI-D9JUGi2Q",{"id":124437,"title":124438,"authorsCollection":124439,"content":124447,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":125046,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":125048,"metaTitle":125049,"ogImage":59,"postType":40394,"publishedDate":125050,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":125051,"slug":125053,"stem":125054,"subtitle":59,"summary":125055,"synopsis":125065,"sys":125066,"tagsCollection":125069,"topicsCollection":125073,"__hash__":125089},"blog/blog/what-is-saml-sso.json","What is SAML SSO?",{"items":124440},[124441],{"fullName":124442,"firstName":124443,"jobTitle":124444,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":124445},"Johann Scheepers","Johann","Senior Security Engineer",{"url":124446},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/75IEOH93vR0hbvxuqTu1m3/f6222745ee6892ea07bc18727a5a5ae7/T016S22KZ96-U02LU3SKC2D-e1e755770536-512.png",{"json":124448,"links":124985},{"data":124449,"content":124450,"nodeType":1569},{},[124451,124457,124464,124507,124514,124521,124528,124535,124542,124549,124612,124618,124625,124632,124637,124644,124651,124658,124665,124672,124679,124686,124692,124699,124706,124712,124719,124726,124732,124739,124746,124752,124759,124766,124773,124779,124786,124793,124799,124806,124813,124833,124863,124883,124903,124909,124916,124923,124930,124947,124953,124960,124967,124974,124979],{"data":124452,"content":124453,"nodeType":912},{},[124454],{"data":124455,"marks":124456,"value":120961,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":124458,"content":124459,"nodeType":883},{},[124460],{"data":124461,"marks":124462,"value":124463,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This article delves into the Security Assertion Markup Language, more commonly known as SAML – one of the most widely used single sign-on (SSO) methods. We’ll be covering:",{"data":124465,"content":124466,"nodeType":1526},{},[124467,124477,124487,124497],{"data":124468,"content":124469,"nodeType":1505},{},[124470],{"data":124471,"content":124472,"nodeType":883},{},[124473],{"data":124474,"marks":124475,"value":124476,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is SAML",{"data":124478,"content":124479,"nodeType":1505},{},[124480],{"data":124481,"content":124482,"nodeType":883},{},[124483],{"data":124484,"marks":124485,"value":124486,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How it’s used",{"data":124488,"content":124489,"nodeType":1505},{},[124490],{"data":124491,"content":124492,"nodeType":883},{},[124493],{"data":124494,"marks":124495,"value":124496,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Technical details of its implementation, and ",{"data":124498,"content":124499,"nodeType":1505},{},[124500],{"data":124501,"content":124502,"nodeType":883},{},[124503],{"data":124504,"marks":124505,"value":124506,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security-related issues.",{"data":124508,"content":124509,"nodeType":912},{},[124510],{"data":124511,"marks":124512,"value":124513,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is SAML?",{"data":124515,"content":124516,"nodeType":883},{},[124517],{"data":124518,"marks":124519,"value":124520,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security assertion markup language (SAML) is an open standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between an identity provider (eg. Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, Okta) and an application (the service provider or SP).",{"data":124522,"content":124523,"nodeType":883},{},[124524],{"data":124525,"marks":124526,"value":124527,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SAML is one of the most common and widely used protocols that enable single sign-on (SSO) for enterprise-level services and can be used in both authentication or authorization contexts by providing assertions to claims. In other words, SAML authentication can be used to affirm that a user has been authenticated by an identity provider. Assertions can also include (but are not limited to) group or role membership properties that determine what a user can access in an application.",{"data":124529,"content":124530,"nodeType":883},{},[124531],{"data":124532,"marks":124533,"value":124534,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As expected from SSO implementations, SAML provides the ability for administrators to manage a user’s access to an application from a central point. This makes onboarding and offboarding tasks simpler, and reduces the overall number of identities that need to be managed for users.",{"data":124536,"content":124537,"nodeType":912},{},[124538],{"data":124539,"marks":124540,"value":124541,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What happens during a SAML authentication flow?",{"data":124543,"content":124544,"nodeType":883},{},[124545],{"data":124546,"marks":124547,"value":124548,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Without getting into the deep technical details of SAML, below is a simplified version of what happens when a user initiates the logon process against an app that is configured for SAML authentication.",{"data":124550,"content":124551,"nodeType":124269},{},[124552,124562,124572,124582,124592,124602],{"data":124553,"content":124554,"nodeType":1505},{},[124555],{"data":124556,"content":124557,"nodeType":883},{},[124558],{"data":124559,"marks":124560,"value":124561,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A user attempts to access a resource or app.",{"data":124563,"content":124564,"nodeType":1505},{},[124565],{"data":124566,"content":124567,"nodeType":883},{},[124568],{"data":124569,"marks":124570,"value":124571,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They are redirected to the IdP with a SAML request.",{"data":124573,"content":124574,"nodeType":1505},{},[124575],{"data":124576,"content":124577,"nodeType":883},{},[124578],{"data":124579,"marks":124580,"value":124581,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The SAML identity provider (IdP) authenticates the user.",{"data":124583,"content":124584,"nodeType":1505},{},[124585],{"data":124586,"content":124587,"nodeType":883},{},[124588],{"data":124589,"marks":124590,"value":124591,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If authentication is successful, the IdP creates a SAML assertion that contains the requested attributes, such as the email address, group membership information, first name, and last name.",{"data":124593,"content":124594,"nodeType":1505},{},[124595],{"data":124596,"content":124597,"nodeType":883},{},[124598],{"data":124599,"marks":124600,"value":124601,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The SAML assertion is returned to the SP, and is signed by the IdP with a certificate configured during the initial configuration.",{"data":124603,"content":124604,"nodeType":1505},{},[124605],{"data":124606,"content":124607,"nodeType":883},{},[124608],{"data":124609,"marks":124610,"value":124611,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The SP verifies the response, and if it validates the signature, access is granted to the user based on the assertions.",{"data":124613,"content":124617,"nodeType":892},{"target":124614},{"sys":124615},{"id":124616,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5ykmN6GAPfzSjjJrNikLGo",[],{"data":124619,"content":124620,"nodeType":883},{},[124621],{"data":124622,"marks":124623,"value":124624,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An interesting side note: at no point does the IdP directly communicate with the SP; the user’s browser facilitates all actions by contacting the respective services and providing the requests, as well as the SAML response that ultimately grants the user access to the requested resources. ",{"data":124626,"content":124627,"nodeType":883},{},[124628],{"data":124629,"marks":124630,"value":124631,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An example where this could be useful, or potentially abused by internal employees or attackers, would be enabling a third party internet-based IdP to allow access to resources within your internal network.",{"data":124633,"content":124636,"nodeType":892},{"target":124634},{"sys":124635},{"id":83090,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":124638,"content":124639,"nodeType":912},{},[124640],{"data":124641,"marks":124642,"value":124643,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SAML responses and assertions",{"data":124645,"content":124646,"nodeType":883},{},[124647],{"data":124648,"marks":124649,"value":124650,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The SAML response is what an app requires to verify before granting the user access, and is generated by the IdP when a user requests to access resources. During the initial SAML configuration setup performed on the IdP, the administrator would specify which attributes are to be included in the assertion portion of the response that is returned to the app.",{"data":124652,"content":124653,"nodeType":883},{},[124654],{"data":124655,"marks":124656,"value":124657,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One required attribute included in each SAML response is “Subject”, typically set to the email address of the user, and specifies which account the assertion is for. However, this can be set to reflect other values like User Principal Names (UPNs) or other unique strings, depending on the requirements.",{"data":124659,"content":124660,"nodeType":883},{},[124661],{"data":124662,"marks":124663,"value":124664,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Depending on the app, the list of attributes may vary significantly and is usually the first time where administrators may run into configuration issues, either by not including all required attributes or by incorrectly mapping attributes to names.",{"data":124666,"content":124667,"nodeType":883},{},[124668],{"data":124669,"marks":124670,"value":124671,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A typical SAML response is Base64 encoded and included as a POST request to the SP. Below is an edited version for a user attempting to log into Okta via SAML, with Google Workspace as the IdP. As SAML responses contain plenty of information, I’ve broken it down into sections to cover it in an easier manner:",{"data":124673,"content":124674,"nodeType":921},{},[124675],{"data":124676,"marks":124677,"value":124678,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Destination, issuer, and status",{"data":124680,"content":124681,"nodeType":883},{},[124682],{"data":124683,"marks":124684,"value":124685,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Right at the top of the SAML response we have the “Destination” and “Issuer” statements. “Destination” is typically the app or SP where the SAML response is meant to go, and the “Issuer” is the service that created the response. In this case, we can see that the destination is for our Okta tenant, and it originated from our Google Workspace tenant. The status of the response is also included to signify whether the request to the IdP was successful.",{"data":124687,"content":124691,"nodeType":892},{"target":124688},{"sys":124689},{"id":124690,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7JATVQgHqm8cy9D9UviD2D",[],{"data":124693,"content":124694,"nodeType":921},{},[124695],{"data":124696,"marks":124697,"value":124698,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Assertion issuer and signature information",{"data":124700,"content":124701,"nodeType":883},{},[124702],{"data":124703,"marks":124704,"value":124705,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The assertion starts with another Issuer statement, which in this case is our Google Workspace IdP. This is followed by the signature generated to verify that the contents of the assertion have not been tampered with. You can also note the “X509SubjectName” statement which includes information about the certificate used by the Issuer.",{"data":124707,"content":124711,"nodeType":892},{"target":124708},{"sys":124709},{"id":124710,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6lA84TLDwacNtosQxTiIag",[],{"data":124713,"content":124714,"nodeType":912},{},[124715],{"data":124716,"marks":124717,"value":124718,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Subject",{"data":124720,"content":124721,"nodeType":883},{},[124722],{"data":124723,"marks":124724,"value":124725,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As mentioned previously, the “Subject” attribute is required and always included in the assertion. The NameID format is specified, and in this case is the “emailAddress” format. The “Recipient” value is usually synonymous with the “Destination” attribute.",{"data":124727,"content":124731,"nodeType":892},{"target":124728},{"sys":124729},{"id":124730,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5zy12HCQAlkfIaAzUehaHm",[],{"data":124733,"content":124734,"nodeType":912},{},[124735],{"data":124736,"marks":124737,"value":124738,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attribute statement",{"data":124740,"content":124741,"nodeType":883},{},[124742],{"data":124743,"marks":124744,"value":124745,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Lastly, the “AttributeStatement” is provided which contains any other attributes returned as part of the assertion. The contents of this statement will vary based on the app’s requirements and what the administrator has chosen to include when users initiate the authentication process.",{"data":124747,"content":124751,"nodeType":892},{"target":124748},{"sys":124749},{"id":124750,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7M8IEkoJqiHw4PM1Ip7d5C",[],{"data":124753,"content":124754,"nodeType":883},{},[124755],{"data":124756,"marks":124757,"value":124758,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One final note is that the above attribute names are not necessarily congruent between the IdP and app. Usually as part of the setup process the administrator will be given the opportunity to map attributes to names if necessary. ",{"data":124760,"content":124761,"nodeType":883},{},[124762],{"data":124763,"marks":124764,"value":124765,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As an example, the IdP could refer to the email attribute simply as “email”, but the app or SP is expecting it to be named “User.Email”. If this is misconfigured, the SAML login process will fail, and likely without a sufficiently descriptive message indicating what the issue is. In such cases, it is best to review logs of the app.",{"data":124767,"content":124768,"nodeType":912},{},[124769],{"data":124770,"marks":124771,"value":124772,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SAML sounds great! What’s the problem?",{"data":124774,"content":124778,"nodeType":892},{"target":124775},{"sys":124776},{"id":124777,"type":889,"linkType":890},"76aK3qObZZMQAgPl0bdbbr",[],{"data":124780,"content":124781,"nodeType":921},{},[124782],{"data":124783,"marks":124784,"value":124785,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO Tax",{"data":124787,"content":124788,"nodeType":883},{},[124789],{"data":124790,"marks":124791,"value":124792,"nodeType":867},{},[],"From our own experience, only about 30% of apps support SAML. Even then, it is typically held behind enterprise plans and pricing which makes it prohibitive in many situations. It’s not generally possible to rely on it for gaining control of identities in use within your organization. Depending on the app, it may be possible to use OIDC (which is a type of SSO.)",{"data":124794,"content":124798,"nodeType":892},{"target":124795},{"sys":124796},{"id":124797,"type":889,"linkType":890},"40e0kTn8Ehze8zj9mgV2kf",[],{"data":124800,"content":124801,"nodeType":921},{},[124802],{"data":124803,"marks":124804,"value":124805,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security",{"data":124807,"content":124808,"nodeType":883},{},[124809],{"data":124810,"marks":124811,"value":124812,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SAML is usually seen as the go-to for improving identity security in organizations. However, if an attacker were to compromise your IdP it can result in widespread account compromise, and due to the nature of SSO, the attacker will have access to any account the user is able to access without further effort. This should not be taken as a criticism of SAML as this is the nature of SSO, but merely something to be aware of when responding to incidents.",{"data":124814,"content":124815,"nodeType":883},{},[124816,124820,124829],{"data":124817,"marks":124818,"value":124819,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At Push we’ve spent a lot of time looking at technology related to SaaS and found a few issues that could expose your organization to vulnerabilities when using SAML. One such vulnerability is ",{"data":124821,"content":124823,"nodeType":878},{"uri":124822},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/saml_enumeration/description.md",[124824],{"data":124825,"marks":124826,"value":124828,"nodeType":867},{},[124827],{"type":876},"SAML enumeration",{"data":124830,"marks":124831,"value":124832,"nodeType":867},{},[]," which allows an attacker to determine whether a target organization is in fact using SAML for authentication, and which IdP they are using.",{"data":124834,"content":124835,"nodeType":883},{},[124836,124840,124847,124851,124859],{"data":124837,"marks":124838,"value":124839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another attack you should be aware of is ",{"data":124841,"content":124842,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81066},[124843],{"data":124844,"marks":124845,"value":1183,"nodeType":867},{},[124846],{"type":876},{"data":124848,"marks":124849,"value":124850,"nodeType":867},{},[],". SAMLJacking occurs when an attacker configures a legitimate app such as ",{"data":124852,"content":124854,"nodeType":878},{"uri":124853},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/samljacking/examples/nuclino.md",[124855],{"data":124856,"marks":124857,"value":122273,"nodeType":867},{},[124858],{"type":876},{"data":124860,"marks":124861,"value":124862,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and sets the ACS URL to point to a fake login page. Designing the fake login page to look like your enterprise IdP will deceive users into entering their credentials into this phishing page and can lead to credential theft.",{"data":124864,"content":124865,"nodeType":883},{},[124866,124869,124879],{"data":124867,"marks":124868,"value":79900,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":124870,"content":124873,"nodeType":13489},{"target":124871},{"sys":124872},{"id":104269,"type":889,"linkType":890},[124874],{"data":124875,"marks":124876,"value":124878,"nodeType":867},{},[124877],{"type":876},"this",{"data":124880,"marks":124881,"value":124882,"nodeType":867},{},[]," blog post, Push’s VP of R&D goes over combining the SAMLjacking technique with other techniques, such as poisoned tenants.",{"data":124884,"content":124885,"nodeType":883},{},[124886,124890,124899],{"data":124887,"marks":124888,"value":124889,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These attacks don’t directly manipulate the SAML protocol as with ",{"data":124891,"content":124893,"nodeType":878},{"uri":124892},"https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/03/29/saml-xml-injection/",[124894],{"data":124895,"marks":124896,"value":124898,"nodeType":867},{},[124897],{"type":876},"XML injection attacks",{"data":124900,"marks":124901,"value":124902,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and are more to do with using legitimate services to perform unintended functions.",{"data":124904,"content":124908,"nodeType":892},{"target":124905},{"sys":124906},{"id":124907,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3uGnk5hgRpxRz7PeYkFgB2",[],{"data":124910,"content":124911,"nodeType":921},{},[124912],{"data":124913,"marks":124914,"value":124915,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Single Sign-On?",{"data":124917,"content":124918,"nodeType":883},{},[124919],{"data":124920,"marks":124921,"value":124922,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Luckily when you configure SAML for an app it solves the issue of users sharing credentials between services, right? Nope! During our research we’ve come across many apps that allow users to continue using other methods of authentication even after SAML has been configured.",{"data":124924,"content":124925,"nodeType":883},{},[124926],{"data":124927,"marks":124928,"value":124929,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When enabling SAML you may be given the ability to disable other methods of authentication such as login via email (username & password), and OIDC/social login methods. However, this varies between providers and there is no guarantee that you will be able to disable other login methods, or whether you’ll even be aware that this is an issue.",{"data":124931,"content":124932,"nodeType":883},{},[124933,124937,124944],{"data":124934,"marks":124935,"value":124936,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For more information on this subject, see ",{"data":124938,"content":124939,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[124940],{"data":124941,"marks":124942,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[124943],{"type":876},{"data":124945,"marks":124946,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":124948,"content":124949,"nodeType":912},{},[124950],{"data":124951,"marks":124952,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":124954,"content":124955,"nodeType":883},{},[124956],{"data":124957,"marks":124958,"value":124959,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hopefully you will have a better understanding of SAML, how it works, where it can go wrong, and what to be aware of when investigating related incidents.",{"data":124961,"content":124962,"nodeType":883},{},[124963],{"data":124964,"marks":124965,"value":124966,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While SAML has been around since the 1990s and can be considered a legacy service at this point, it’s very much still part of enterprise authentication and authorization solutions. Other technologies such as OAuth2 & OIDC have provided alternative ways for providing SSO while addressing some of the issues, such as the ability to specify permission scopes when integrating with an app.",{"data":124968,"content":124969,"nodeType":883},{},[124970],{"data":124971,"marks":124972,"value":124973,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Understanding SAML’s limitations is the first step toward tackling the wider issue of identity management. Push provides the means to gain visibility into the types of apps used in your organization, their login methods, and MFA status. Push will also let you see when users are using other login methods for apps which you may not be expecting.",{"data":124975,"content":124978,"nodeType":892},{"target":124976},{"sys":124977},{"id":86838,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":124980,"content":124981,"nodeType":883},{},[124982],{"data":124983,"marks":124984,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":124986},{"inline":124987,"hyperlink":124988,"block":124991},[],[124989],{"sys":124990,"__typename":1670,"title":1147,"slug":122581},{"id":104269},[124992,124997,124999,125006,125012,125019,125026,125032,125037,125042],{"sys":124993,"__typename":1584,"title":124994,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":124995},{"id":124616},"SAML auth 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Last post we wrote about ",{"data":127172,"content":127175,"nodeType":13489},{"target":127173},{"sys":127174},{"id":104269,"type":889,"linkType":890},[127176],{"data":127177,"marks":127178,"value":1147,"nodeType":867},{},[127179],{"type":876},{"data":127181,"marks":127182,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":127184,"content":127185,"nodeType":883},{},[127186],{"data":127187,"marks":127188,"value":127189,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This time we’ll be looking at combining shadow workflows with an evil twin integration for an especially sneaky and flexible method of persistence. We’ll be using Zapier integrating with Azure as our primary example. ",{"data":127191,"content":127192,"nodeType":912},{},[127193],{"data":127194,"marks":127195,"value":127196,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is a shadow workflow?",{"data":127198,"content":127199,"nodeType":883},{},[127200,127203,127211],{"data":127201,"marks":127202,"value":20853,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":127204,"content":127205,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66399},[127206],{"data":127207,"marks":127208,"value":127210,"nodeType":867},{},[127209],{"type":876},"shadow workflow ",{"data":127212,"marks":127213,"value":127214,"nodeType":867},{},[],"is a technique for using SaaS automation apps to provide a code execution-like method for conducting malicious actions from a legitimate source using OAuth integrations. This could be a daily export of files from shared cloud drives, automatic forwarding and deleting of emails, cloning instant messages, exporting user directories — basically anything that is possible using the target app’s API. ",{"data":127216,"content":127217,"nodeType":883},{},[127218],{"data":127219,"marks":127220,"value":127221,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The fact automation apps utilize OAuth integrations means they also function as a very effective method of maintaining persistence. Think of shadow workflows as the offensive PowerShell of the SaaS world. ",{"data":127223,"content":127224,"nodeType":912},{},[127225],{"data":127226,"marks":127227,"value":127228,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What’s an evil twin integration?",{"data":127230,"content":127231,"nodeType":883},{},[127232],{"data":127233,"marks":127234,"value":127235,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Creating a new OAuth integration, even if using a legitimate SaaS application, could be viewed as suspicious if seen by a security team or the affected user. This is especially true if an account compromise is discovered and an IR team sees a consent for a new OAuth integration in the log that the compromised user does not recognize. ",{"data":127237,"content":127238,"nodeType":883},{},[127239,127242,127249,127253,127259],{"data":127240,"marks":127241,"value":45818,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":127243,"content":127244,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86375},[127245],{"data":127246,"marks":127247,"value":86381,"nodeType":867},{},[127248],{"type":876},{"data":127250,"marks":127251,"value":127252,"nodeType":867},{},[],", however, reduces the chances of discovery by reusing an existing ",{"data":127254,"marks":127255,"value":127258,"nodeType":867},{},[127256,127257],{"type":2278},{"type":910},"legitimate",{"data":127260,"marks":127261,"value":127262,"nodeType":867},{},[]," integration for malicious purposes.",{"data":127264,"content":127265,"nodeType":912},{},[127266],{"data":127267,"marks":127268,"value":122215,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":127270,"content":127271,"nodeType":883},{},[127272],{"data":127273,"marks":127274,"value":127275,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While shadow workflows are incredibly powerful on their own, as malicious use of OAuth integrations becomes more common, security teams will start regularly checking for new, or unknown, integrations in response to security incidents. While automation apps are legitimate SaaS services, shadow workflow attacks could still raise question marks during incident response if it’s connected shortly after a compromise and/or if the affected user has no knowledge of it. ",{"data":127277,"content":127278,"nodeType":883},{},[127279,127283,127288],{"data":127280,"marks":127281,"value":127282,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Additionally, as use of security tools that ",{"data":127284,"marks":127285,"value":127287,"nodeType":867},{},[127286],{"type":876},"provide visibility of OAuth integrations",{"data":127289,"marks":127290,"value":127291,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (check out our product) increases, it will become increasingly dangerous for an adversary to create a new OAuth integration. That’s because the target user and possibly even security teams may be notified.",{"data":127293,"content":127294,"nodeType":883},{},[127295],{"data":127296,"marks":127297,"value":127298,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This leads us on to evil twin integrations. Their power is in making use of existing integrations so they can avoid appearing as a new integration and getting flagged or sending alerts to security teams. That makes them much stealthier and increases the likelihood of a successful attack. ",{"data":127300,"content":127301,"nodeType":883},{},[127302],{"data":127303,"marks":127304,"value":127305,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are three possibilities here that lead to two different levels of stealth for the attack:",{"data":127307,"content":127308,"nodeType":124269},{},[127309,127319,127329],{"data":127310,"content":127311,"nodeType":1505},{},[127312],{"data":127313,"content":127314,"nodeType":883},{},[127315],{"data":127316,"marks":127317,"value":127318,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Medium stealth option: Making use of an automation app used legitimately by the organization, but not by the target user, specifically",{"data":127320,"content":127321,"nodeType":1505},{},[127322],{"data":127323,"content":127324,"nodeType":883},{},[127325],{"data":127326,"marks":127327,"value":127328,"nodeType":867},{},[],"High stealth option 1: Making use of an automation app used legitimately by the target user themselves",{"data":127330,"content":127331,"nodeType":1505},{},[127332],{"data":127333,"content":127334,"nodeType":883},{},[127335],{"data":127336,"marks":127337,"value":127338,"nodeType":867},{},[],"High stealth option 2: Making use of an automation app that has been granted admin consent",{"data":127340,"content":127341,"nodeType":921},{},[127342],{"data":127343,"marks":127344,"value":127345,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Medium stealth option: Pre-existing use by organization",{"data":127347,"content":127348,"nodeType":883},{},[127349],{"data":127350,"marks":127351,"value":127352,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This option is by far the most likely option to be applicable in a real-world situation. Here’s how it works:",{"data":127354,"content":127355,"nodeType":883},{},[127356],{"data":127357,"marks":127358,"value":127359,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The consent for the targeted user will be new and will generate an audit event to show that, but the integration itself will not be new inside the organization and may even be formally approved by the security team already. This will help evade general detection mechanisms as it won’t be seen as a brand new integration at the organization level that requires careful scrutiny. It’s much harder to evaluate new consents on a per-user basis for existing integrations if the organization is of any significant size.",{"data":127361,"content":127362,"nodeType":883},{},[127363],{"data":127364,"marks":127365,"value":127366,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The downside, however, is that this attack stands a greater chance of detection if notifications are delivered directly to the affected user. Alternatively, if the original compromise is discovered, incident responders are more likely to discover this consent during an investigation. That’s because the affected user would know they aren’t using the automation app and incident responders are likely to explore logs showing consents to new OAuth integrations and permissions shortly after a successful compromise.",{"data":127368,"content":127369,"nodeType":883},{},[127370],{"data":127371,"marks":127372,"value":127373,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using Azure as an example, while no new service principal is created in this case, the audit logs still show a new consent for the targeted user to the existing Zapier app: ",{"data":127375,"content":127379,"nodeType":892},{"target":127376},{"sys":127377},{"id":127378,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7m0E0sOulc348jhQguQLb1",[],{"data":127381,"content":127382,"nodeType":921},{},[127383],{"data":127384,"marks":127385,"value":127386,"nodeType":867},{},[],"High stealth option 1: Pre-existing use by targeted user",{"data":127388,"content":127389,"nodeType":883},{},[127390],{"data":127391,"marks":127392,"value":127393,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is the holy grail option, but is likely to require more luck in the real world. It requires that the target user is already using an automation app, which the adversary could compromise and utilize. If the compromised user has already consented to permissions useful to the adversary, such as access to sensitive data like email and file stores, then new malicious workflows can be created without requiring the user to consent to new permissions. ",{"data":127395,"content":127396,"nodeType":883},{},[127397],{"data":127398,"marks":127399,"value":127400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Consequently, there will be no new integration observed at the organization level, no new user-specific consents for sensitive permissions and the target user would indicate they’re just using a legitimate app if questioned by incident responders. ",{"data":127402,"content":127403,"nodeType":883},{},[127404],{"data":127405,"marks":127406,"value":127408,"nodeType":867},{},[127407],{"type":910},"None of the three audit log entries shown above would be present in this scenario either.",{"data":127410,"content":127411,"nodeType":921},{},[127412],{"data":127413,"marks":127414,"value":127415,"nodeType":867},{},[],"High stealth option 2: Azure admin consented app",{"data":127417,"content":127418,"nodeType":883},{},[127419,127423,127432],{"data":127420,"marks":127421,"value":127422,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is a mixed scenario when permissions for an automation app (or any app you want to use for an evil twin integration) have been granted tenant-wide ",{"data":127424,"content":127426,"nodeType":878},{"uri":127425},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/manage-apps/user-admin-consent-overview#admin-consent",[127427],{"data":127428,"marks":127429,"value":127431,"nodeType":867},{},[127430],{"type":876},"admin consent in Azure",{"data":127433,"marks":127434,"value":127435,"nodeType":867},{},[],". In this case, the administrator has effectively consented to permissions for all users, even if they aren’t currently active users of the app. ",{"data":127437,"content":127438,"nodeType":883},{},[127439],{"data":127440,"marks":127441,"value":127442,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means when a new user integrates the app, it does not generate a new permission grant since it is effectively already granted. Consequently, the three log entries shown above would not be present in this scenario even if integrating the app for a user that has never used it before.",{"data":127444,"content":127445,"nodeType":883},{},[127446],{"data":127447,"marks":127448,"value":127449,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This gives the best level of flexibility for an adversary as they can avoid generating new permission grant logs for any user. However, it's not quite as stealthy as when the targeted user already makes use of the app as there is no history of legitimate app logins or activity for the user prior to the compromise to blend in with.",{"data":127451,"content":127452,"nodeType":912},{},[127453],{"data":127454,"marks":127455,"value":127456,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An example attack - Zapier",{"data":127458,"content":127459,"nodeType":883},{},[127460],{"data":127461,"marks":127462,"value":127463,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, we’re going to use Zapier as our automation app example and Azure as the primary target for integrations and there will be no admin consent involved. We’ll also be using Google Workspace for data exfiltration. There are many other examples we could have used here, though - Make.com, IFTTT, Retool, Tines, Microsoft Power Automate and many other SaaS apps have powerful automation and integration capabilities and could be used for similar purposes. ",{"data":127465,"content":127466,"nodeType":883},{},[127467],{"data":127468,"marks":127469,"value":127470,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Azure and Google Workspace are also obvious juicy targets for integrations, but automation apps support integrations with vast numbers of other SaaS applications,so there are many possible targets.",{"data":127472,"content":127473,"nodeType":883},{},[127474],{"data":127475,"marks":127476,"value":127477,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, let’s say we’ve compromised a target user’s Azure account. Perhaps we have conducted a successful credential stuffing attack, a phishing attack including MFA code proxying or even achieved a traditional endpoint compromise and have stolen the user’s session tokens.",{"data":127479,"content":127480,"nodeType":883},{},[127481],{"data":127482,"marks":127483,"value":127484,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Whatever the case, we have temporary control of the user’s account, either until the session expires or the user changes their password. If the original compromise is detected, that could happen quickly, so we want to conduct some malicious actions to make use of the access while we have it and to also gain persistence so we maintain our access beyond a password change.",{"data":127486,"content":127487,"nodeType":883},{},[127488],{"data":127489,"marks":127490,"value":127491,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We want to use an automation app, but we’d prefer to be as stealthy as possible by also making it an evil twin integration. We’d like to see if the target user has existing integrations with any apps we’d like to use - especially an automation app for that high stealth option we mentioned above. ",{"data":127493,"content":127494,"nodeType":883},{},[127495],{"data":127496,"marks":127497,"value":127498,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve created a video demo of the full attack below. A step by step write up with more detail then follows:",{"data":127500,"content":127504,"nodeType":892},{"target":127501},{"sys":127502},{"id":127503,"type":889,"linkType":890},"E1ZHBcjGLZAno0SRtJ3d3",[],{"data":127506,"content":127507,"nodeType":912},{},[127508],{"data":127509,"marks":127510,"value":127511,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 1 - Enumerating potential targets",{"data":127513,"content":127514,"nodeType":883},{},[127515,127519,127527],{"data":127516,"marks":127517,"value":127518,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We could perform something as simple as an email search for evidence of sign-ups, but that won’t necessarily show us if actual OAuth integrations have been configured and what permissions are in use. What we really need is a way to perform an ",{"data":127520,"content":127521,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80977},[127522],{"data":127523,"marks":127524,"value":127526,"nodeType":867},{},[127525],{"type":876},"OAuth token enumeration",{"data":127528,"marks":127529,"value":127530,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attack.",{"data":127532,"content":127533,"nodeType":921},{},[127534],{"data":127535,"marks":127536,"value":127537,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first method: myapps.microsoft.com",{"data":127539,"content":127540,"nodeType":883},{},[127541,127545,127553],{"data":127542,"marks":127543,"value":127544,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Make use of ",{"data":127546,"content":127548,"nodeType":878},{"uri":127547},"https://myapps.microsoft.com",[127549],{"data":127550,"marks":127551,"value":127547,"nodeType":867},{},[127552],{"type":876},{"data":127554,"marks":127555,"value":127556,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to see which apps are listed and which permissions have been granted. We can see Zapier is in use and the user has granted it access to their email and files, making it a great target.",{"data":127558,"content":127562,"nodeType":892},{"target":127559},{"sys":127560},{"id":127561,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6dDez7xRZjliEJR6DAkWHa",[],{"data":127564,"content":127568,"nodeType":892},{"target":127565},{"sys":127566},{"id":127567,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7M0imWv4n3z1RYQu3AdMF5",[],{"data":127570,"content":127574,"nodeType":892},{"target":127571},{"sys":127572},{"id":127573,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3fwFBK03tc5g064k0IyADO",[],{"data":127576,"content":127577,"nodeType":921},{},[127578],{"data":127579,"marks":127580,"value":127581,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The second method: Microsoft’s graph API",{"data":127583,"content":127584,"nodeType":883},{},[127585],{"data":127586,"marks":127587,"value":127588,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\nMicrosoft’s graph API doesn’t make it possible to list out service principals without admin permissions, but you can enumerate individual OAuth permission grants and app role assignments for your own user account. ",{"data":127590,"content":127591,"nodeType":883},{},[127592],{"data":127593,"marks":127594,"value":127595,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The client ID listed for permission grants is actually the tenant-specific service principal ID, rather than the globally unique OAuth app ID, but the app role assignments call gives us the app display name. We can match up the IDs from the app role assignments with the OAuth permission grants to see which permissions have been granted to the given app. ",{"data":127597,"content":127601,"nodeType":892},{"target":127598},{"sys":127599},{"id":127600,"type":889,"linkType":890},"519mlRMbaZYBAVdSADwop7",[],{"data":127603,"content":127607,"nodeType":892},{"target":127604},{"sys":127605},{"id":127606,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3g4WBQBEvqx5mXXnZzZzUG",[],{"data":127609,"content":127610,"nodeType":912},{},[127611],{"data":127612,"marks":127613,"value":127614,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 2 - Create shadow workflows",{"data":127616,"content":127617,"nodeType":883},{},[127618],{"data":127619,"marks":127620,"value":127621,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ok, so we’ve figured out the user already makes use of Zapier and they’ve even already granted access to their email and files - that’s a juicy target we can’t turn down! So the next step is to create our own malicious workflows, or shadow workflows if you will, to get Zapier to do our dirty work for us.",{"data":127623,"content":127624,"nodeType":883},{},[127625],{"data":127626,"marks":127627,"value":127628,"nodeType":867},{},[],"First of all, we’ll see if we can scope out the user’s existing Zapier account to better understand the setup. Then we’ll create a new Zapier account and link it to the target user’s account that we’ve compromised. Here’s how that would work:",{"data":127630,"content":127631,"nodeType":921},{},[127632],{"data":127633,"marks":127634,"value":127635,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scope out the existing Zapier account",{"data":127637,"content":127638,"nodeType":883},{},[127639],{"data":127640,"marks":127641,"value":127642,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If the user uses SSO or social logins then we can login directly and, since we now control their Azure account, we can just log directly into their Zapier account!",{"data":127644,"content":127648,"nodeType":892},{"target":127645},{"sys":127646},{"id":127647,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5IgmxUEm6n19OBL1cSZVkr",[],{"data":127650,"content":127651,"nodeType":883},{},[127652,127656,127663],{"data":127653,"marks":127654,"value":127655,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Alternatively, if they have created a standard password account, then we might already know the password if it’s the same used for their Azure account. Otherwise, we could potentially make use of an ",{"data":127657,"content":127658,"nodeType":878},{"uri":122535},[127659],{"data":127660,"marks":127661,"value":122541,"nodeType":867},{},[127662],{"type":876},{"data":127664,"marks":127665,"value":127666,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attack to gain access.",{"data":127668,"content":127669,"nodeType":883},{},[127670,127674,127682],{"data":127671,"marks":127672,"value":127673,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once we have logged into their account, we can see their existing workflows and integrations. Technically, we could backdoor these or create new ones - a form of an ",{"data":127675,"content":127676,"nodeType":878},{"uri":81054},[127677],{"data":127678,"marks":127679,"value":127681,"nodeType":867},{},[127680],{"type":876},"abuse existing OAuth integrations",{"data":127683,"marks":127684,"value":127685,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attack. However, that runs the risk of the user discovering our shadow workflows and also almost certainly being locked out of the account during the next password change. ",{"data":127687,"content":127688,"nodeType":883},{},[127689],{"data":127690,"marks":127691,"value":127692,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Instead, we can stick to an evil twin integration from our own Zapier account, which we’ll create later.",{"data":127694,"content":127698,"nodeType":892},{"target":127695},{"sys":127696},{"id":127697,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2vhyTcVLq27QVa2HFFWBhH",[],{"data":127700,"content":127704,"nodeType":892},{"target":127701},{"sys":127702},{"id":127703,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3jPSdBPSQgigA4yKK1udCV",[],{"data":127706,"content":127707,"nodeType":883},{},[127708],{"data":127709,"marks":127710,"value":127711,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now we can see what the user was actually using Zapier for — they’ve set up an integration with both Outlook and OneDrive so they can forward emails related to their business expenses to a folder in their OneDrive. Probably a time-saving hack, which we can take advantage of since it won’t be unusual to see Zapier regularly accessing their Outlook and OneDrive. That means our attack will be extra stealthy.",{"data":127713,"content":127714,"nodeType":921},{},[127715],{"data":127716,"marks":127717,"value":127718,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Create our own malicious Zapier account",{"data":127720,"content":127721,"nodeType":883},{},[127722],{"data":127723,"marks":127724,"value":127725,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Given in this case we, at least temporarily, control the user’s Azure account there is nothing stopping us connecting this to our own malicious Zapier account completely separately from the user’s legitimate Zapier account. We then maintain full control over the Zapier account and the user will not be able to discover our shadow workflows as they won’t have any knowledge of our Zapier account: ",{"data":127727,"content":127728,"nodeType":883},{},[127729],{"data":127730,"marks":127731,"value":127732,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s create our own shadow workflows:",{"data":127734,"content":127735,"nodeType":1526},{},[127736,127746],{"data":127737,"content":127738,"nodeType":1505},{},[127739],{"data":127740,"content":127741,"nodeType":883},{},[127742],{"data":127743,"marks":127744,"value":127745,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One that sends every new OneDrive file to our own separate Google Drive account. This allows us to maintain a complete view of the user’s files into the future. ",{"data":127747,"content":127748,"nodeType":1505},{},[127749],{"data":127750,"content":127751,"nodeType":883},{},[127752],{"data":127753,"marks":127754,"value":127755,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And one to forward every new Outlook email to our own GMail account.",{"data":127757,"content":127761,"nodeType":892},{"target":127758},{"sys":127759},{"id":127760,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6eK8uNjPnkrfVjgFzl03SM",[],{"data":127763,"content":127767,"nodeType":892},{"target":127764},{"sys":127765},{"id":127766,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6xJvuS374tbflAoNmhnqYP",[],{"data":127769,"content":127770,"nodeType":883},{},[127771],{"data":127772,"marks":127773,"value":127774,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We can now see we are logged in with a separate GMail account, but have created shadow workflows to forward emails from the user’s Outlook to our GMail account and harvest files from their OneDrive to our Google Drive.",{"data":127776,"content":127777,"nodeType":883},{},[127778],{"data":127779,"marks":127780,"value":127781,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The major benefit of creating our own Zapier account for an evil twin integration is that once we are locked out of the target user’s account via a password change or otherwise, not only do our existing shadow workflows continue to operate via OAuth, but we are able to create new shadow workflows and reuse the existing OAuth connections. That’s the power of having full control of the Zapier account. ",{"data":127783,"content":127784,"nodeType":883},{},[127785],{"data":127786,"marks":127787,"value":127788,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One small downside to this approach is that creating the new OAuth integrations inside a new Zapier account generates an interactive login event for the Zapier integrations from the adversary’s IP address. This occurs due to creating integrations from the new Zapier account, but because the user has already consented to all the relevant permissions for Zapier’s own OAuth apps there are no audit logs for new consents or applications, just the login event itself. ",{"data":127790,"content":127791,"nodeType":883},{},[127792,127796],{"data":127793,"marks":127794,"value":127795,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, determining that a successful login to an app a user legitimately uses is actually malicious in this case is obviously extremely difficult to build detection logic for.   ",{"data":127797,"marks":127798,"value":10852,"nodeType":867},{},[127799],{"type":2278},{"data":127801,"content":127805,"nodeType":892},{"target":127802},{"sys":127803},{"id":127804,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1oZBtlL8rNl7TjmfJqRjUG",[],{"data":127807,"content":127808,"nodeType":883},{},[127809],{"data":127810,"marks":127811,"value":127812,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Beyond the initial login events, the only evidence of malicious activity in the future will be from the activity logs showing the actions conducted by our shadow workflows every time they are triggered to run. For example, the following screenshots show that the Zapier Todo app (ClientAppId 29246358-1970-4d6d-bc75-acf34edc758b) has been seen both uploading a file and downloading a file: \n",{"data":127814,"content":127818,"nodeType":892},{"target":127815},{"sys":127816},{"id":127817,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2vYOSilB5W05aIHw2ZKqdC",[],{"data":127820,"content":127824,"nodeType":892},{"target":127821},{"sys":127822},{"id":127823,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2fFwrdFO25BwY4vI7EKMA0",[],{"data":127826,"content":127827,"nodeType":883},{},[127828],{"data":127829,"marks":127830,"value":127831,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The file upload in this case relates to the legitimate workflow and the file download relates to the shadow workflow. The IP addresses relate to Zapier’s legitimate infrastructure so really only a very thorough and specific investigation is going to be able to uncover that one of these events is malicious.",{"data":127833,"content":127834,"nodeType":912},{},[127835],{"data":127836,"marks":127837,"value":127838,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Step 3 - Profit",{"data":127840,"content":127841,"nodeType":883},{},[127842],{"data":127843,"marks":127844,"value":127845,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now we just need to sit back and let our shadow workflows do the work for us, 24/7 and from Zapier’s infrastructure via a legitimate OAuth integration. Here we can see files the user created in OneDrive and emails they received in Outlook mirrored to our own GMail and Google Drive via the magic of shadow workflows.",{"data":127847,"content":127851,"nodeType":892},{"target":127848},{"sys":127849},{"id":127850,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4lJBrdJLEVnhBUjgtGo8T1",[],{"data":127853,"content":127857,"nodeType":892},{"target":127854},{"sys":127855},{"id":127856,"type":889,"linkType":890},"azQ3IO0n4Idih5LDwOogV",[],{"data":127859,"content":127860,"nodeType":912},{},[127861],{"data":127862,"marks":127863,"value":20576,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":127865,"content":127866,"nodeType":883},{},[127867],{"data":127868,"marks":127869,"value":127870,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ok, we’ve covered a lot of ground here so it’s worth taking a step back and considering the key impact points of this attack chain:",{"data":127872,"content":127873,"nodeType":1526},{},[127874,127884,127894,127904,127914,127967,127977],{"data":127875,"content":127876,"nodeType":1505},{},[127877],{"data":127878,"content":127879,"nodeType":883},{},[127880],{"data":127881,"marks":127882,"value":127883,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An adversary who has gained (temporary) access to a user account that supports OAuth integrations can use shadow workflows to execute malicious actions and to maintain persistence",{"data":127885,"content":127886,"nodeType":1505},{},[127887],{"data":127888,"content":127889,"nodeType":883},{},[127890],{"data":127891,"marks":127892,"value":127893,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This access will continue even if the user changes their password or resets MFA",{"data":127895,"content":127896,"nodeType":1505},{},[127897],{"data":127898,"content":127899,"nodeType":883},{},[127900],{"data":127901,"marks":127902,"value":127903,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Not only do existing shadow workflows continue to work after password changes, an adversary can continue to create new ones and reuse the existing integrations.",{"data":127905,"content":127906,"nodeType":1505},{},[127907],{"data":127908,"content":127909,"nodeType":883},{},[127910],{"data":127911,"marks":127912,"value":127913,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Any relevant logs will show access via legitimate IP addresses and OAuth integrations for SaaS automation apps ",{"data":127915,"content":127916,"nodeType":1505},{},[127917,127924],{"data":127918,"content":127919,"nodeType":883},{},[127920],{"data":127921,"marks":127922,"value":127923,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Automation apps are so flexible that an adversary can do pretty much anything - it’s basically the offensive PowerShell of the SaaS world. Just some examples:",{"data":127925,"content":127926,"nodeType":1526},{},[127927,127937,127947,127957],{"data":127928,"content":127929,"nodeType":1505},{},[127930],{"data":127931,"content":127932,"nodeType":883},{},[127933],{"data":127934,"marks":127935,"value":127936,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Monitor all emails and files the user creates",{"data":127938,"content":127939,"nodeType":1505},{},[127940],{"data":127941,"content":127942,"nodeType":883},{},[127943],{"data":127944,"marks":127945,"value":127946,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Delete email security alerts before the user sees them",{"data":127948,"content":127949,"nodeType":1505},{},[127950],{"data":127951,"content":127952,"nodeType":883},{},[127953],{"data":127954,"marks":127955,"value":127956,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Intercept password reset and passwordless login emails to access other apps",{"data":127958,"content":127959,"nodeType":1505},{},[127960],{"data":127961,"content":127962,"nodeType":883},{},[127963],{"data":127964,"marks":127965,"value":127966,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Monitor instant messaging apps and use it to send targeted internal social engineering emails",{"data":127968,"content":127969,"nodeType":1505},{},[127970],{"data":127971,"content":127972,"nodeType":883},{},[127973],{"data":127974,"marks":127975,"value":127976,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If targeted users are already using automation apps legitimately, it’s even more stealthy - you won’t even see any new integrations or permission grants appear as the user will have already granted these legitimately.",{"data":127978,"content":127979,"nodeType":1505},{},[127980],{"data":127981,"content":127982,"nodeType":883},{},[127983],{"data":127984,"marks":127985,"value":127986,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If admin consent has been granted to the automation app, any user can be targeted without generating new permission grant logs even if they have never used the app.",{"data":127988,"content":127989,"nodeType":912},{},[127990],{"data":127991,"marks":127992,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":127994,"content":127995,"nodeType":883},{},[127996],{"data":127997,"marks":127998,"value":127999,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We have seen how two new SaaS-focused attack techniques can be combined into one more effective attack chain - in this case, a particularly nasty and stealthy persistence technique. This shows how even if a user compromise is detected very early, with password and MFA resets immediately issued, adversaries can maintain control over the account regardless.",{"data":128001,"content":128002,"nodeType":883},{},[128003],{"data":128004,"marks":128005,"value":128006,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This shows how even legitimate SaaS applications have incredibly powerful offensive use cases and very careful attention needs to be paid to integrations with highly sensitive permissions, even when they are approved and vetted applications. Incident response teams especially need to be well aware of these techniques when investigating potential user account compromises as persistence approaches can extend much further than endpoint implants and stolen passwords.","The shadow workflow’s evil twin: A nearly invisible attack chain","2023-09-11T00:00:00.000Z","nearly-invisible-attack-chain",{"items":128011},[128012,128014],{"sys":128013,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":128015,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":128017},[128018],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":128019},{"url":855},"blog/oktajacking",{"json":128022},{"data":128023,"content":128024,"nodeType":1569},{},[128025],{"data":128026,"content":128027,"nodeType":883},{},[128028],{"data":128029,"marks":128030,"value":128031,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll explore how Okta’s AD synchronization allows you to force Okta to capture credentials and keylog for you so you can launch convincing phishing attacks. 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method",{"items":129210},[129211,130533,131282],{"__typename":1670,"sys":129212,"content":129214,"title":130520,"synopsis":129231,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":130521,"slug":130522,"tagsCollection":130523,"authorsCollection":130529},{"id":129213},"3JXKiUMGU8JBpndhLRYOCJ",{"json":129215},{"data":129216,"content":129217,"nodeType":1569},{},[129218,129225,129232,129238,129245,129267,129274,129280,129287,129294,129301,129336,129342,129349,129467,129474,129481,129737,129744,129751,129757,129790,129797,129804,129810,129817,129823,129830,129837,129843,129850,129857,129863,129870,129877,129883,129890,129906,129912,129919,129951,129958,129978,129985,129992,129999,130005,130043,130063,130116,130123,130130,130150,130169,130176,130209,130215,130222,130229,130236,130243,130250,130257,130277,130283,130290,130309,130316,130323,130329,130336,130343,130349,130356,130402,130409,130415,130422,130428,130435,130442,130475,130481,130488,130495,130502,130509,130514],{"data":129219,"content":129220,"nodeType":883},{},[129221],{"data":129222,"marks":129223,"value":129224,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With the proliferation of SaaS apps and integrations comes an equal helping of uncertainty surrounding the associated security risks. If you’ve ever found yourself in a position where you’ve had to review a SaaS app integration, whether it’s during the remediation stage of an incident or simply during the process of tending to a user request, then keep on reading. ",{"data":129226,"content":129227,"nodeType":883},{},[129228],{"data":129229,"marks":129230,"value":129231,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This article covers common ways an app could lead to compromise in Microsoft Azure, and what to look out for when determining risk to your organization.",{"data":129233,"content":129234,"nodeType":912},{},[129235],{"data":129236,"marks":129237,"value":30955,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":129239,"content":129240,"nodeType":921},{},[129241],{"data":129242,"marks":129243,"value":129244,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The issue:",{"data":129246,"content":129247,"nodeType":883},{},[129248,129252,129263],{"data":129249,"marks":129250,"value":129251,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This method of compromising user accounts has been covered a ",{"data":129253,"content":129257,"nodeType":13489},{"target":129254},{"sys":129255},{"id":129256,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1bV8YTSQHvveCTnRc4H8su",[129258],{"data":129259,"marks":129260,"value":129262,"nodeType":867},{},[129261],{"type":876},"few times",{"data":129264,"marks":129265,"value":129266,"nodeType":867},{},[]," by Push. Without rehashing too much of the content, the main idea behind consent phishing is to get a user to perform an integration while the app masquerades as something official. ",{"data":129268,"content":129269,"nodeType":883},{},[129270],{"data":129271,"marks":129272,"value":129273,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As an example, a user is sent an email where the content is either surprisingly legitimate, or sparks sufficient curiosity to make them want to access the data behind the link. They are directed to a Microsoft or Google login page, where the app asks for certain permissions, such as mailbox access. The user, having performed these actions before, thinks nothing of it and clicks ‘allow’. The attacker successfully tricked the user to give them access to their mailbox (or whichever privileges the app was requesting).",{"data":129275,"content":129279,"nodeType":892},{"target":129276},{"sys":129277},{"id":129278,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2zeeE8NrgX4MnpHdIjszot",[],{"data":129281,"content":129282,"nodeType":921},{},[129283],{"data":129284,"marks":129285,"value":129286,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The solution:",{"data":129288,"content":129289,"nodeType":883},{},[129290],{"data":129291,"marks":129292,"value":129293,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are two ways to help prevent this type of compromise:",{"data":129295,"content":129296,"nodeType":883},{},[129297],{"data":129298,"marks":129299,"value":129300,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first is to go the “block everything” route by preventing any integrations from being added to your tenants at all. This is quite heavy-handed and a bit like throwing the baby out with the bathwater, as this approach leads to IT/security departments becoming known as the departments of ‘NO’, potentially resulting in users circumventing controls, and the emergence of shadow IT.",{"data":129302,"content":129303,"nodeType":883},{},[129304,129308,129317,129321,129332],{"data":129305,"marks":129306,"value":129307,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The second is to be sensible about what to allow and what to prevent during SaaS integrations. For instance, in Microsoft 365 administrators are able to ",{"data":129309,"content":129311,"nodeType":878},{"uri":129310},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/manage-apps/configure-permission-classifications",[129312],{"data":129313,"marks":129314,"value":129316,"nodeType":867},{},[129315],{"type":876},"specify low-risk scopes",{"data":129318,"marks":129319,"value":129320,"nodeType":867},{},[],", such as ones specifically used for performing social logins (which are okay to do ",{"data":129322,"content":129326,"nodeType":13489},{"target":129323},{"sys":129324},{"id":129325,"type":889,"linkType":890},"68syxk4cmD6QOdVRcDqgEZ",[129327],{"data":129328,"marks":129329,"value":129331,"nodeType":867},{},[129330],{"type":876},"by the way",{"data":129333,"marks":129334,"value":129335,"nodeType":867},{},[],"). Admins can then allow employees to perform social logins, and integrate apps making use of other low-risk scopes from  verified apps only. Employees can also request access to anything requiring other scopes. This is a great way to enable users to perform their jobs, while preventing them from accidentally exposing themselves or the wider organization to unnecessary risk.",{"data":129337,"content":129341,"nodeType":892},{"target":129338},{"sys":129339},{"id":129340,"type":889,"linkType":890},"44NsMwlLpX4qnZP94GyTSO",[],{"data":129343,"content":129344,"nodeType":883},{},[129345],{"data":129346,"marks":129347,"value":129348,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When configuring the above for the first time, Microsoft provides a list of 5 scopes:",{"data":129350,"content":129351,"nodeType":3329},{},[129352,129375,129398,129421,129444],{"data":129353,"content":129354,"nodeType":3236},{},[129355,129365],{"data":129356,"content":129357,"nodeType":3250},{},[129358],{"data":129359,"content":129360,"nodeType":883},{},[129361],{"data":129362,"marks":129363,"value":129364,"nodeType":867},{},[],"profile",{"data":129366,"content":129367,"nodeType":3250},{},[129368],{"data":129369,"content":129370,"nodeType":883},{},[129371],{"data":129372,"marks":129373,"value":129374,"nodeType":867},{},[],"View user's basic profile",{"data":129376,"content":129377,"nodeType":3236},{},[129378,129388],{"data":129379,"content":129380,"nodeType":3250},{},[129381],{"data":129382,"content":129383,"nodeType":883},{},[129384],{"data":129385,"marks":129386,"value":129387,"nodeType":867},{},[],"openid",{"data":129389,"content":129390,"nodeType":3250},{},[129391],{"data":129392,"content":129393,"nodeType":883},{},[129394],{"data":129395,"marks":129396,"value":129397,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Sign users in",{"data":129399,"content":129400,"nodeType":3236},{},[129401,129411],{"data":129402,"content":129403,"nodeType":3250},{},[129404],{"data":129405,"content":129406,"nodeType":883},{},[129407],{"data":129408,"marks":129409,"value":129410,"nodeType":867},{},[],"email",{"data":129412,"content":129413,"nodeType":3250},{},[129414],{"data":129415,"content":129416,"nodeType":883},{},[129417],{"data":129418,"marks":129419,"value":129420,"nodeType":867},{},[],"View user's email address",{"data":129422,"content":129423,"nodeType":3236},{},[129424,129434],{"data":129425,"content":129426,"nodeType":3250},{},[129427],{"data":129428,"content":129429,"nodeType":883},{},[129430],{"data":129431,"marks":129432,"value":129433,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User.Read",{"data":129435,"content":129436,"nodeType":3250},{},[129437],{"data":129438,"content":129439,"nodeType":883},{},[129440],{"data":129441,"marks":129442,"value":129443,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Sign in and read user profile",{"data":129445,"content":129446,"nodeType":3236},{},[129447,129457],{"data":129448,"content":129449,"nodeType":3250},{},[129450],{"data":129451,"content":129452,"nodeType":883},{},[129453],{"data":129454,"marks":129455,"value":129456,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Offline_access",{"data":129458,"content":129459,"nodeType":3250},{},[129460],{"data":129461,"content":129462,"nodeType":883},{},[129463],{"data":129464,"marks":129465,"value":129466,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Maintain access to data you. have given it access to (refresh tokens)",{"data":129468,"content":129469,"nodeType":883},{},[129470],{"data":129471,"marks":129472,"value":129473,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The above scopes are the minimum required to enable social logins to take place, and would cover a good amount of apps that only require basic information for account creation purposes. ",{"data":129475,"content":129476,"nodeType":883},{},[129477],{"data":129478,"marks":129479,"value":129480,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’d like to go a step further, you should also consider approving the following to allow users to integrate these relatively common scopes from verified apps:",{"data":129482,"content":129483,"nodeType":3329},{},[129484,129507,129530,129553,129576,129599,129622,129645,129668,129691,129714],{"data":129485,"content":129486,"nodeType":3236},{},[129487,129497],{"data":129488,"content":129489,"nodeType":3250},{},[129490],{"data":129491,"content":129492,"nodeType":883},{},[129493],{"data":129494,"marks":129495,"value":129496,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Calendars.Read",{"data":129498,"content":129499,"nodeType":3250},{},[129500],{"data":129501,"content":129502,"nodeType":883},{},[129503],{"data":129504,"marks":129505,"value":129506,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Read user 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shared contacts",{"data":129600,"content":129601,"nodeType":3236},{},[129602,129612],{"data":129603,"content":129604,"nodeType":3250},{},[129605],{"data":129606,"content":129607,"nodeType":883},{},[129608],{"data":129609,"marks":129610,"value":129611,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Contacts.ReadWrite",{"data":129613,"content":129614,"nodeType":3250},{},[129615],{"data":129616,"content":129617,"nodeType":883},{},[129618],{"data":129619,"marks":129620,"value":129621,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Have full access to user contacts",{"data":129623,"content":129624,"nodeType":3236},{},[129625,129635],{"data":129626,"content":129627,"nodeType":3250},{},[129628],{"data":129629,"content":129630,"nodeType":883},{},[129631],{"data":129632,"marks":129633,"value":129634,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Contacts.ReadWrite.Shared",{"data":129636,"content":129637,"nodeType":3250},{},[129638],{"data":129639,"content":129640,"nodeType":883},{},[129641],{"data":129642,"marks":129643,"value":129644,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Read and write user and shared contacts",{"data":129646,"content":129647,"nodeType":3236},{},[129648,129658],{"data":129649,"content":129650,"nodeType":3250},{},[129651],{"data":129652,"content":129653,"nodeType":883},{},[129654],{"data":129655,"marks":129656,"value":129657,"nodeType":867},{},[],"People.Read",{"data":129659,"content":129660,"nodeType":3250},{},[129661],{"data":129662,"content":129663,"nodeType":883},{},[129664],{"data":129665,"marks":129666,"value":129667,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Read users' relevant people lists",{"data":129669,"content":129670,"nodeType":3236},{},[129671,129681],{"data":129672,"content":129673,"nodeType":3250},{},[129674],{"data":129675,"content":129676,"nodeType":883},{},[129677],{"data":129678,"marks":129679,"value":129680,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Files.Read.Selected",{"data":129682,"content":129683,"nodeType":3250},{},[129684],{"data":129685,"content":129686,"nodeType":883},{},[129687],{"data":129688,"marks":129689,"value":129690,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Read files that the user selects",{"data":129692,"content":129693,"nodeType":3236},{},[129694,129704],{"data":129695,"content":129696,"nodeType":3250},{},[129697],{"data":129698,"content":129699,"nodeType":883},{},[129700],{"data":129701,"marks":129702,"value":129703,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Files.ReadWrite.Selected",{"data":129705,"content":129706,"nodeType":3250},{},[129707],{"data":129708,"content":129709,"nodeType":883},{},[129710],{"data":129711,"marks":129712,"value":129713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Read and write files that the user selects",{"data":129715,"content":129716,"nodeType":3236},{},[129717,129727],{"data":129718,"content":129719,"nodeType":3250},{},[129720],{"data":129721,"content":129722,"nodeType":883},{},[129723],{"data":129724,"marks":129725,"value":129726,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User.ReadWrite",{"data":129728,"content":129729,"nodeType":3250},{},[129730],{"data":129731,"content":129732,"nodeType":883},{},[129733],{"data":129734,"marks":129735,"value":129736,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Read and write access to user profile",{"data":129738,"content":129739,"nodeType":883},{},[129740],{"data":129741,"marks":129742,"value":129743,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve determined these scopes to be relatively low-risk, but this would depend on the risk appetite of your organization. Pre-approving the scopes will go a long way towards enabling your users to make use of SaaS apps without raising unnecessary approval requests from your IT or security team.",{"data":129745,"content":129746,"nodeType":912},{},[129747],{"data":129748,"marks":129749,"value":129750,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unverified apps",{"data":129752,"content":129753,"nodeType":921},{},[129754],{"data":129755,"marks":129756,"value":129244,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":129758,"content":129759,"nodeType":883},{},[129760,129764,129773,129777,129786],{"data":129761,"marks":129762,"value":129763,"nodeType":867},{},[],"First, let’s define what causes an app to be classified as unverified. When you see an app in your tenant that’s marked as unverified, it means that the tenant that publishes the app has not gone through the ",{"data":129765,"content":129767,"nodeType":878},{"uri":129766},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/azure/active-directory/develop/publisher-verification-overview",[129768],{"data":129769,"marks":129770,"value":129772,"nodeType":867},{},[129771],{"type":876},"Publisher Verification",{"data":129774,"marks":129775,"value":129776,"nodeType":867},{},[]," process. Going through the verification process requires the publisher to have a Microsoft Partner Network (MPN) account, which typically involves ",{"data":129778,"content":129780,"nodeType":878},{"uri":129779},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/partner-center/verification-responses",[129781],{"data":129782,"marks":129783,"value":129785,"nodeType":867},{},[129784],{"type":876},"verifying",{"data":129787,"marks":129788,"value":129789,"nodeType":867},{},[]," their business address, email address, and a few additional due diligence tasks. ",{"data":129791,"content":129792,"nodeType":883},{},[129793],{"data":129794,"marks":129795,"value":129796,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While I’m sure this is not a 100% infallible process, at the very least it provides you with the confidence that someone at Microsoft had reached out to the company and spoken to someone who claims they are who they say they are. This is opposed to a random person creating a Microsoft Azure tenant and marking their app as being published by Adobe, as an example.",{"data":129798,"content":129799,"nodeType":883},{},[129800],{"data":129801,"marks":129802,"value":129803,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At Push, we’ve noticed plenty of unverified apps published by legitimate vendors. This could be related to vendors having multiple tenants, and not having completed the verification process across all yet. As an example, we have a few of Adobe’s apps for Microsoft 365:",{"data":129805,"content":129809,"nodeType":892},{"target":129806},{"sys":129807},{"id":129808,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4eDWZKrMau1AfU4pXgOW42",[],{"data":129811,"content":129812,"nodeType":883},{},[129813],{"data":129814,"marks":129815,"value":129816,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the above image, we have a verified app from Adobe, Inc. We know this due to the ‘Verified Publisher’ attribute that is included when parsing the information provided by Microsoft. We can also see that the only reply url is one associated directly with Adobe – adobe.com. Next, we have an unverified app:",{"data":129818,"content":129822,"nodeType":892},{"target":129819},{"sys":129820},{"id":129821,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5e5RhdYiMh0Q3CZzmNoRDI",[],{"data":129824,"content":129825,"nodeType":883},{},[129826],{"data":129827,"marks":129828,"value":129829,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This app does not include the ‘verified publisher’ attribute when reading the information provided by Microsoft. However, the app only has one reply url, and this is again a subdomain of adobe.com.",{"data":129831,"content":129832,"nodeType":883},{},[129833],{"data":129834,"marks":129835,"value":129836,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The takeaway here is that not all unverified apps are malicious. More often than not it’s related to the vendor not having gone through the verification process, but this means it unfortunately becomes the security team’s burden to figure out.",{"data":129838,"content":129839,"nodeType":921},{},[129840],{"data":129841,"marks":129842,"value":129286,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":129844,"content":129845,"nodeType":883},{},[129846],{"data":129847,"marks":129848,"value":129849,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At Push, we attempt to review every application we come across to determine if it's legit and whether it belongs to the vendor it claims to originate from. There are multiple ways to do this, but as a general rule of thumb if all the app’s reply urls are associated with the vendor, you are good. You can perform an integration from the app’s website to verify that the particular app ID (seen in the metadata tag above) is the one you are looking at in your environment.",{"data":129851,"content":129852,"nodeType":912},{},[129853],{"data":129854,"marks":129855,"value":129856,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Apps with excessive privileges",{"data":129858,"content":129859,"nodeType":921},{},[129860],{"data":129861,"marks":129862,"value":129244,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":129864,"content":129865,"nodeType":883},{},[129866],{"data":129867,"marks":129868,"value":129869,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When you first start doing deep dives on permissions associated with apps in your environment, you find yourself looking at some apps and wonder out loud “we’re granting this vendor access to what?!",{"data":129871,"content":129872,"nodeType":883},{},[129873],{"data":129874,"marks":129875,"value":129876,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s a totally normal response, but don't worry, we’re here to help. Let’s take diagrams.net as an example:",{"data":129878,"content":129882,"nodeType":892},{"target":129879},{"sys":129880},{"id":129881,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7DcPUSZ0nDYKmIy4E9xEHs",[],{"data":129884,"content":129885,"nodeType":883},{},[129886],{"data":129887,"marks":129888,"value":129889,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At first glance this doesn’t seem too bad. For the purposes of this example, let’s say the app was approved by 49 users. That means if diagrams.net got compromised, an attacker would potentially have access to 49 of your user’s OneDrive files. “That’s OK!” you say. “This will only affect a handful of files they’ve been working on locally. Our policy specifies that any company data, specifically data containing PII, be stored in SharePoint.”",{"data":129891,"content":129892,"nodeType":883},{},[129893,129897,129902],{"data":129894,"marks":129895,"value":129896,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And then comes the part where you notice the following permission: ",{"data":129898,"marks":129899,"value":129901,"nodeType":867},{},[129900],{"type":2278},"Sites.Read.All",{"data":129903,"marks":129904,"value":129905,"nodeType":867},{},[],". This permission gives the application the ability to read every file across all SharePoint sites in your organization (that the users have permission to access.) Suddenly the scope of data access is much larger than you hoped.",{"data":129907,"content":129908,"nodeType":921},{},[129909],{"data":129910,"marks":129911,"value":129286,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":129913,"content":129914,"nodeType":883},{},[129915],{"data":129916,"marks":129917,"value":129918,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When faced with the dilemma of granting apps access to resources within your organization, the best course of action is to do a risk assessment.",{"data":129920,"content":129921,"nodeType":883},{},[129922,129926,129934,129938,129947],{"data":129923,"marks":129924,"value":129925,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This requires some good ol’ googling and reviewing the security policies of the app’s creator. You ideally also want to know who they use to process your data. Through this process, I found a ",{"data":129927,"content":129929,"nodeType":878},{"uri":129928},"https://www.diagrams.net/blog/data-protection",[129930],{"data":129931,"marks":129932,"value":94751,"nodeType":867},{},[129933],{"type":876},{"data":129935,"marks":129936,"value":129937,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on diagrams.net detailing their approach to security and user privacy. They do make note that they don’t ",{"data":129939,"content":129941,"nodeType":878},{"uri":129940},"https://www.diagrams.net/blog/data-protection#:~:text=Because%20your%20sensitive%20diagram%20data%20doesn%E2%80%99t%20leave%20your%20infrastructure%20and%20is%20never%20stored%20on%20the%20diagrams.net%20servers%2C%20diagrams.net%20is%20a%20tool%20which%20lets%20you%20comply%20with%20data%20protection%20certifications%20(ISO%2027000%2C%2027001%20and%2027002)%20and%20the%20GDPR.",[129942],{"data":129943,"marks":129944,"value":129946,"nodeType":867},{},[129945],{"type":876},"store any sensitive customer data data on their servers",{"data":129948,"marks":129949,"value":129950,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and thus let you comply with GDPR, ISO 2700* etc. certifications if you use their services.",{"data":129952,"content":129953,"nodeType":883},{},[129954],{"data":129955,"marks":129956,"value":129957,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While this is great from a tick box exercise perspective, this doesn’t address the original concern – how much risk are you taking on by letting their app integrate with your environment? What could an attacker who compromises diagrams.net have access to and how do you lessen the risk while still allowing employees to use the app?",{"data":129959,"content":129960,"nodeType":883},{},[129961,129965,129974],{"data":129962,"marks":129963,"value":129964,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Further in the same blog post, they link to a GitHub ",{"data":129966,"content":129968,"nodeType":878},{"uri":129967},"https://github.com/jgraph/security-privacy-legal",[129969],{"data":129970,"marks":129971,"value":129973,"nodeType":867},{},[129972],{"type":876},"repository",{"data":129975,"marks":129976,"value":129977,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that contains their security and privacy processes, policies, and even some pentest reports. They do a great job of including this information, by the way, so cheers to diagrams.net!",{"data":129979,"content":129980,"nodeType":883},{},[129981],{"data":129982,"marks":129983,"value":129984,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At this point you should have a better understanding of the security of the vendor you’re integrating into your organization, and whether it’s okay to accept the risk. Documenting and adding the information you found to your risk register is also a good idea. Likely, you’ll be taking this information to your Information Security Manager for risk acceptance. ",{"data":129986,"content":129987,"nodeType":883},{},[129988],{"data":129989,"marks":129990,"value":129991,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re working on ways to provide this information to our clients through the Push app dashboard in future, too. Sign up or subscribe to our blog to get product updates when features like this are introduced. ",{"data":129993,"content":129994,"nodeType":912},{},[129995],{"data":129996,"marks":129997,"value":129998,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Hijackable urls and implicit grant flow",{"data":130000,"content":130001,"nodeType":921},{},[130002],{"data":130003,"marks":130004,"value":129244,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":130006,"content":130007,"nodeType":883},{},[130008,130013,130023,130028,130038],{"data":130009,"marks":130010,"value":130012,"nodeType":867},{},[130011],{"type":2278},"Developer side note: The implicit grant flow is no longer recommended due to security-related concerns and that it won’t function where ",{"data":130014,"content":130016,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130015},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/reference-third-party-cookies-spas#:~:text=Many%20browsers%20block%20third%2Dparty%20cookies%2C%20cookies%20on%20requests%20to%20domains%20other%20than%20the%20domain%20shown%20in%20the%20browser%27s%20address%20bar.%20This%20block%20breaks%20the%20implicit%20flow%20and%20requires%20new%20authentication%20patterns%20to%20successfully%20sign%20in%20users.",[130017],{"data":130018,"marks":130019,"value":130022,"nodeType":867},{},[130020,130021],{"type":876},{"type":2278},"3rd party cookies are blocked in browsers",{"data":130024,"marks":130025,"value":130027,"nodeType":867},{},[130026],{"type":2278},". Instead, you should switch to using the ",{"data":130029,"content":130031,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130030},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-auth-code-flow",[130032],{"data":130033,"marks":130034,"value":130037,"nodeType":867},{},[130035,130036],{"type":876},{"type":2278},"authorization code flow",{"data":130039,"marks":130040,"value":130042,"nodeType":867},{},[130041],{"type":2278}," if applicable to your requirements.",{"data":130044,"content":130045,"nodeType":883},{},[130046,130050,130059],{"data":130047,"marks":130048,"value":130049,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s quickly go over how OAuth2’s implicit grant flow works so you can better understand how to spot potentially risky apps and integrations, and why this can result in a security concern. Microsoft provides a great ",{"data":130051,"content":130053,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130052},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-implicit-grant-flow",[130054],{"data":130055,"marks":130056,"value":130058,"nodeType":867},{},[130057],{"type":876},"breakdown",{"data":130060,"marks":130061,"value":130062,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of the implicit grant flow, however for the purposes of brevity (and simplicity), it does the following:",{"data":130064,"content":130065,"nodeType":124269},{},[130066,130076,130086,130096,130106],{"data":130067,"content":130068,"nodeType":1505},{},[130069],{"data":130070,"content":130071,"nodeType":883},{},[130072],{"data":130073,"marks":130074,"value":130075,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A user goes to a web app and clicks a login link",{"data":130077,"content":130078,"nodeType":1505},{},[130079],{"data":130080,"content":130081,"nodeType":883},{},[130082],{"data":130083,"marks":130084,"value":130085,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The web app redirects the user to authenticate and authorize the app. This is performed against your identity provider (in this example, Microsoft)",{"data":130087,"content":130088,"nodeType":1505},{},[130089],{"data":130090,"content":130091,"nodeType":883},{},[130092],{"data":130093,"marks":130094,"value":130095,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If this is the first time authorizing the app, the user is presented with a list of scopes (permissions) the app will need access to, and the user clicks “approve”",{"data":130097,"content":130098,"nodeType":1505},{},[130099],{"data":130100,"content":130101,"nodeType":883},{},[130102],{"data":130103,"marks":130104,"value":130105,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This responds with a token to one of the hard-coded reply urls associated with the app integration (e.g. https://apps.diagrams.net/microsoft as with the ‘Apps with excessive privileges’ example)",{"data":130107,"content":130108,"nodeType":1505},{},[130109],{"data":130110,"content":130111,"nodeType":883},{},[130112],{"data":130113,"marks":130114,"value":130115,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The app uses the token to access the user’s resources with the permissions approved in step 3",{"data":130117,"content":130118,"nodeType":883},{},[130119],{"data":130120,"marks":130121,"value":130122,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Based on the flow above, if an attacker gets their hands on the token from step 4, they can perform requests as the user, granting them access to your resources. To get the token, you need to control one of the hardcoded reply url endpoints, and convince a user to authenticate to the app – perhaps via a phishing attack.",{"data":130124,"content":130125,"nodeType":883},{},[130126],{"data":130127,"marks":130128,"value":130129,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As an example, some of the apps we’ve reviewed contained reply urls which were subdomains of azurewebsites.net and ngrok.io. These urls don’t appear problematic at first. However, the urls could have been used during the development process, and were forgotten about at the conclusion of the project. During the review process we follow at Push, we found multiple examples of such urls that were no longer in use.",{"data":130131,"content":130132,"nodeType":883},{},[130133,130137,130146],{"data":130134,"marks":130135,"value":130136,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This could allow an attacker to register the urls and perform phishing attacks against organizations that use these particular apps, granting the attacker access to previously- approved scopes and resources. The outcome of this attack would be similar to ",{"data":130138,"content":130140,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130139},"https://www.oauth.com/oauth2-servers/authorization/security-considerations/#:~:text=Redirect%20URL%20Manipulation",[130141],{"data":130142,"marks":130143,"value":130145,"nodeType":867},{},[130144],{"type":876},"redirect URL manipulation",{"data":130147,"marks":130148,"value":130149,"nodeType":867},{},[],", but instead of taking advantage of an open or misconfigured redirect, the attacker is in control of the endpoint where the token ends up.",{"data":130151,"content":130152,"nodeType":883},{},[130153,130157,130165],{"data":130154,"marks":130155,"value":130156,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How would you even go about detecting if an app makes use of the implicit grant flow? This requires getting your hands dirty with making authorization requests to your tenant for the specific app ID, and passing the “response_type=token” parameter in the url. This should return an error if the app is not configured with the implicit grant flow. If you’d like to test this yourself, you can follow the “Run in Postman” link at the top of ",{"data":130158,"content":130159,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130052},[130160],{"data":130161,"marks":130162,"value":130164,"nodeType":867},{},[130163],{"type":876},"this article",{"data":130166,"marks":130167,"value":130168,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to make this process a bit easier.",{"data":130170,"content":130171,"nodeType":883},{},[130172],{"data":130173,"marks":130174,"value":130175,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another example of a hijackable url includes dangling DNS records. Let’s say your app includes a reply url pointing to a legacy server used for development (eg. apptesting-dev.ctrlaltsecure.com). This server was hosted on an EC2 instance in AWS, and has long since been decommissioned. However, the IP address associated with the instance is still pointing to the same address. A determined attacker could potentially gain access to the IP address by spinning up resources until it’s assigned to them.",{"data":130177,"content":130178,"nodeType":883},{},[130179,130183,130192,130196,130205],{"data":130180,"marks":130181,"value":130182,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OWASP has ",{"data":130184,"content":130186,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130185},"https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/latest/4-Web_Application_Security_Testing/02-Configuration_and_Deployment_Management_Testing/10-Test_for_Subdomain_Takeover",[130187],{"data":130188,"marks":130189,"value":130191,"nodeType":867},{},[130190],{"type":876},"published an article",{"data":130193,"marks":130194,"value":130195,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and HackerOne ",{"data":130197,"content":130199,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130198},"https://www.hackerone.com/application-security/guide-subdomain-takeovers",[130200],{"data":130201,"marks":130202,"value":130204,"nodeType":867},{},[130203],{"type":876},"posted a guide",{"data":130206,"marks":130207,"value":130208,"nodeType":867},{},[]," highlighting ways to take over subdomains , and it’s very easy to overlook.",{"data":130210,"content":130211,"nodeType":921},{},[130212],{"data":130213,"marks":130214,"value":129286,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":130216,"content":130217,"nodeType":883},{},[130218],{"data":130219,"marks":130220,"value":130221,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unfortunately there is no elegant solution to this problem, and it’s not easy to spot as you would need to review each url to see if it’s still in use, in addition to figuring out if the app makes use of the implicit grant flow. Even then, is the active url being used by the developer, or has an attacker already claimed it.",{"data":130223,"content":130224,"nodeType":883},{},[130225],{"data":130226,"marks":130227,"value":130228,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The best course of action here is likely to make use of a proxy that prevents users from accessing unclassified urls, or urls with a low reputation. However, you will risk breaking applications and making your developers angry. This also does not solve the dangling DNS issue, as with the EC2 instance problem above.",{"data":130230,"content":130231,"nodeType":883},{},[130232],{"data":130233,"marks":130234,"value":130235,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another option is to contact vendors of apps that you’ve noticed including such urls in their apps and ask them to remove the stale entries from their apps.",{"data":130237,"content":130238,"nodeType":912},{},[130239],{"data":130240,"marks":130241,"value":130242,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You think you’ve been compromised. Now what?",{"data":130244,"content":130245,"nodeType":883},{},[130246],{"data":130247,"marks":130248,"value":130249,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\nRegardless of the method of compromise, there’s a few steps you can take to review what happened and to prevent further access into your environment.",{"data":130251,"content":130252,"nodeType":921},{},[130253],{"data":130254,"marks":130255,"value":130256,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Review app sign-in logs",{"data":130258,"content":130259,"nodeType":883},{},[130260,130264,130273],{"data":130261,"marks":130262,"value":130263,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In Azure Active Directory, head to ",{"data":130265,"content":130267,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130266},"https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_AAD_IAM/StartboardApplicationsMenuBlade/~/AppAppsPreview/menuId~/null",[130268],{"data":130269,"marks":130270,"value":130272,"nodeType":867},{},[130271],{"type":876},"Enterprise applications",{"data":130274,"marks":130275,"value":130276,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and click on the app you want to review. In the new window, click on sign-in logs. You will be presented with a list of user sign-ins (interactive and non-interactive), service principal sign-ins, and managed identity sign-ins.",{"data":130278,"content":130282,"nodeType":892},{"target":130279},{"sys":130280},{"id":130281,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2L7vf2zjZBelGMJSjP2inY",[],{"data":130284,"content":130285,"nodeType":883},{},[130286],{"data":130287,"marks":130288,"value":130289,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What you typically need to look for is non-interactive user sign-in logs. Non-interactive sign-ins are related to login events performed on behalf of a user where usernames and passwords were not used (read: tokens). You want to review the sign-ins to determine if there were authentication events from IP addresses unrelated to normal employee activity, which can include discrepancies in geographical locations, and out-of-hours activity. Service principal sign-ins would also be of interest, however it would be more difficult to determine odd behavior as you wouldn’t have user sign-ins to compare with.",{"data":130291,"content":130292,"nodeType":883},{},[130293,130297,130305],{"data":130294,"marks":130295,"value":130296,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You could also review Azure’s ",{"data":130298,"content":130300,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130299},"https://portal.azure.com/#view/Microsoft_AAD_IAM/SecurityMenuBlade/~/RiskySignIns",[130301],{"data":130302,"marks":130303,"value":130304,"nodeType":867},{},[],"risky sign-ins ",{"data":130306,"marks":130307,"value":130308,"nodeType":867},{},[],"page, as these issues are likely to show up already classified. Just make sure your filters include non-interactive sign-in methods.",{"data":130310,"content":130311,"nodeType":921},{},[130312],{"data":130313,"marks":130314,"value":130315,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Review app audit logs",{"data":130317,"content":130318,"nodeType":883},{},[130319],{"data":130320,"marks":130321,"value":130322,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the same window underneath sign-in logs, you’ll find the audit logs section. Audit logs will provide you with crucial information relating to when an app was integrated, by who, and which permissions were delegated.",{"data":130324,"content":130328,"nodeType":892},{"target":130325},{"sys":130326},{"id":130327,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5HRLoa9zlIWZdZGLN84Yae",[],{"data":130330,"content":130331,"nodeType":921},{},[130332],{"data":130333,"marks":130334,"value":130335,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Disable the app",{"data":130337,"content":130338,"nodeType":883},{},[130339],{"data":130340,"marks":130341,"value":130342,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’ve determined that an app was involved in an incident, the first step would be to disable the app to prevent malicious actors from performing any further authentication. Under the application’s properties, change the setting “Enable for users to sign-in?” from “Yes” to “No”, followed by clicking “Save.”",{"data":130344,"content":130348,"nodeType":892},{"target":130345},{"sys":130346},{"id":130347,"type":889,"linkType":890},"12NnJ8OhD3K27rFRJ48t6a",[],{"data":130350,"content":130351,"nodeType":921},{},[130352],{"data":130353,"marks":130354,"value":130355,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Revoke all refresh tokens",{"data":130357,"content":130358,"nodeType":883},{},[130359,130363,130372,130376,130385,130389,130398],{"data":130360,"marks":130361,"value":130362,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Disabling the app is not enough to prevent attackers from maintaining access to your environment. ",{"data":130364,"content":130366,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130365},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/refresh-tokens",[130367],{"data":130368,"marks":130369,"value":130371,"nodeType":867},{},[130370],{"type":876},"Refresh tokens",{"data":130373,"marks":130374,"value":130375,"nodeType":867},{},[]," provide a way for apps to retrieve new access tokens without bugging users with pesky sign-in screens. Tokens are typically valid for between ",{"data":130377,"content":130379,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130378},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/access-tokens#access-token-lifetime:~:text=The%20default%20lifetime%20of%20an%20access%20token%20is%20variable.%20When%20issued%2C%20the%20default%20lifetime%20of%20an%20access%20token%20is%20assigned%20a%20random%20value%20ranging%20between%2060%2D90%20minutes%20(75%20minutes%20on%20average).",[130380],{"data":130381,"marks":130382,"value":130384,"nodeType":867},{},[130383],{"type":876},"60 to 90 minutes",{"data":130386,"marks":130387,"value":130388,"nodeType":867},{},[],", and if a refresh token has been issued, the token holder can request new tokens for ",{"data":130390,"content":130392,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130391},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/refresh-tokens#:~:text=The%20default%20lifetime%20for%20the%20refresh%20tokens%20is%2024%20hours%20for%20single%20page%20apps%20and%2090%20days%20for%20all%20other%20scenarios",[130393],{"data":130394,"marks":130395,"value":130397,"nodeType":867},{},[130396],{"type":876},"up to 90 days",{"data":130399,"marks":130400,"value":130401,"nodeType":867},{},[],"! ",{"data":130403,"content":130404,"nodeType":883},{},[130405],{"data":130406,"marks":130407,"value":130408,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, revoking refresh tokens is an important step as part of the mitigation and recovery steps. This step can be performed with some PowerShell – luckily Microsoft provides pre-generated scripts for you to copy and paste. Click on ‘Permissions’ for the app, followed by ‘Review permissions.’ ",{"data":130410,"content":130414,"nodeType":892},{"target":130411},{"sys":130412},{"id":130413,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7vuFmlmZbzfNhWHPj8ToHm",[],{"data":130416,"content":130417,"nodeType":883},{},[130418],{"data":130419,"marks":130420,"value":130421,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the new window, click on ‘This application is malicious and I’m compromised.’ This will present you with the necessary PowerShell scripts to remove users from the app, revoke all permissions granted to the app, and finally to revoke refresh tokens associated with the app.",{"data":130423,"content":130427,"nodeType":892},{"target":130424},{"sys":130425},{"id":130426,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4NnD6WKRHlnzKE0F4GUDEm",[],{"data":130429,"content":130430,"nodeType":921},{},[130431],{"data":130432,"marks":130433,"value":130434,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What to do if the initial access token was stolen",{"data":130436,"content":130437,"nodeType":883},{},[130438],{"data":130439,"marks":130440,"value":130441,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The initial access token cannot be revoked. In practice, if an attacker has managed to steal an access token it will be valid for the remainder of its lifespan, which is typically one hour. This is true even if the account is disabled, the compromised app deleted, and all refresh tokens revoked. If you’re responding to an incident, you will need to keep an eye on audit logs for an hour or more after performing the above steps to make sure the valid access token wasn’t still being used to perform actions in the environment.",{"data":130443,"content":130444,"nodeType":883},{},[130445,130449,130458,130462,130471],{"data":130446,"marks":130447,"value":130448,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft’s response to this was to develop something called ",{"data":130450,"content":130452,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130451},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-access/concept-continuous-access-evaluation",[130453],{"data":130454,"marks":130455,"value":130457,"nodeType":867},{},[130456],{"type":876},"continuous access evaluation",{"data":130459,"marks":130460,"value":130461,"nodeType":867},{},[],". However, they admit in the article that it does not address a scenario where an attacker exfiltrated the token outside of a ",{"data":130463,"content":130465,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130464},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-access/concept-continuous-access-evaluation#:~:text=Token%20export%20to%20a%20machine%20outside%20of%20a%20trusted%20network%20can%20be%20prevented%20with%20Conditional%20Access%20location%20policies",[130466],{"data":130467,"marks":130468,"value":130470,"nodeType":867},{},[130469],{"type":876},"trusted network",{"data":130472,"marks":130473,"value":130474,"nodeType":867},{},[],", in which case conditional access policy enforcement would be required to address the issue. Continuous access evaluation is ideal for handling specific cases of user access into the environment such as employee contract termination, or scenarios where conditional access policies are violated.",{"data":130476,"content":130477,"nodeType":912},{},[130478],{"data":130479,"marks":130480,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":130482,"content":130483,"nodeType":883},{},[130484],{"data":130485,"marks":130486,"value":130487,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This article should have given you a better understanding of the most common issues presented when reviewing SaaS apps integrated into your environment. ",{"data":130489,"content":130490,"nodeType":883},{},[130491],{"data":130492,"marks":130493,"value":130494,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Determining whether using an app would result in compromise is not a simple task, especially if you haven’t observed malicious behavior. As such, the best course of action is to consider all angles, which include the business case of users requiring its use, the permission scopes, and whether the vendor’s security practices are in line with your requirements.",{"data":130496,"content":130497,"nodeType":883},{},[130498],{"data":130499,"marks":130500,"value":130501,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS is a new(ish) frontier that can be really daunting to defend against attackers, but it's not impossible to reduce risk without simply blocking access to SaaS. And, remember: denying users access to tools will make them find ways around the limitations.",{"data":130503,"content":130504,"nodeType":883},{},[130505],{"data":130506,"marks":130507,"value":130508,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We hope this article helps you get a better handle on how to determine if you’ve been compromised, and respond to incidents involving SaaS apps and/or OAuth integrations to your core work platforms.",{"data":130510,"content":130513,"nodeType":892},{"target":130511},{"sys":130512},{"id":86838,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":130515,"content":130516,"nodeType":883},{},[130517],{"data":130518,"marks":130519,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How attackers compromise Azure organizations through SaaS apps ","2023-01-03T00:00:00.000Z","how-attackers-compromise-azure-organizations-through-saas-apps",{"items":130524},[130525,130527],{"sys":130526,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":130528,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":130530},[130531],{"fullName":124442,"firstName":124443,"jobTitle":124444,"profilePicture":130532},{"url":124446},{"__typename":1670,"sys":130534,"content":130536,"title":131265,"synopsis":131266,"hashTags":131267,"publishedDate":131268,"slug":131269,"tagsCollection":131270,"authorsCollection":131278},{"id":130535},"73JjdrO5GKRzYum97MqJ9q",{"json":130537},{"data":130538,"content":130539,"nodeType":1569},{},[130540,130556,130563,130606,130613,130658,130665,131023,131029,131035,131042,131049,131056,131062,131069,131076,131083,131090,131097,131104,131111,131118,131137,131144,131151,131158,131165,131172,131202,131209,131216,131223,131230,131237,131244,131247,131254,131259],{"data":130541,"content":130542,"nodeType":883},{},[130543,130547,130552],{"data":130544,"marks":130545,"value":130546,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Before we start, ",{"data":130548,"marks":130549,"value":130551,"nodeType":867},{},[130550],{"type":910},"MFA with any method is better than no MFA at all",{"data":130553,"marks":130554,"value":130555,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Although some methods are better than others, they're all leagues ahead of passwords alone. If, for whatever reason, you can only implement MFA using a weaker second factor, you should still do it. You can always improve later and you'll have made a significant improvement even with the weaker second factor.",{"data":130557,"content":130558,"nodeType":883},{},[130559],{"data":130560,"marks":130561,"value":130562,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, how can one factor be better than others? Here's how we think about it:",{"data":130564,"content":130565,"nodeType":1526},{},[130566,130576,130586,130596],{"data":130567,"content":130568,"nodeType":1505},{},[130569],{"data":130570,"content":130571,"nodeType":883},{},[130572],{"data":130573,"marks":130574,"value":130575,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User experience: how easy is it to use?",{"data":130577,"content":130578,"nodeType":1505},{},[130579],{"data":130580,"content":130581,"nodeType":883},{},[130582],{"data":130583,"marks":130584,"value":130585,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security: how easy is it for someone to compromise?",{"data":130587,"content":130588,"nodeType":1505},{},[130589],{"data":130590,"content":130591,"nodeType":883},{},[130592],{"data":130593,"marks":130594,"value":130595,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cost: do you need to upgrade your SaaS license, or buy physical bits?",{"data":130597,"content":130598,"nodeType":1505},{},[130599],{"data":130600,"content":130601,"nodeType":883},{},[130602],{"data":130603,"marks":130604,"value":130605,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Support: how widely can it be used?",{"data":130607,"content":130608,"nodeType":921},{},[130609],{"data":130610,"marks":130611,"value":130612,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Just want the answers? ",{"data":130614,"content":130615,"nodeType":1526},{},[130616,130626,130648],{"data":130617,"content":130618,"nodeType":1505},{},[130619],{"data":130620,"content":130621,"nodeType":883},{},[130622],{"data":130623,"marks":130624,"value":130625,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using an app on your phone, like Microsoft or Google Authenticator, to receive notifications or use a one-time password are the top all-round options today - they're free, intuitive for users, relatively easy to set up, and widely supported. ",{"data":130627,"content":130628,"nodeType":1505},{},[130629],{"data":130630,"content":130631,"nodeType":883},{},[130632,130636,130644],{"data":130633,"marks":130634,"value":130635,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The gold standard is a FIDO2-capable security key, like the ",{"data":130637,"content":130639,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130638},"https://www.yubico.com/products/yubikey-5-overview/",[130640],{"data":130641,"marks":130642,"value":130643,"nodeType":867},{},[],"YubiKey 5 series",{"data":130645,"marks":130646,"value":130647,"nodeType":867},{},[],", or a security key built-in to your device, like Touch ID  - it's the most secure, provides the best user experience, but has an upfront cost as each user will need a key or a compatible device. The main drawback today is they aren't supported on all platforms yet so might not be an option everywhere.",{"data":130649,"content":130650,"nodeType":1505},{},[130651],{"data":130652,"content":130653,"nodeType":883},{},[130654],{"data":130655,"marks":130656,"value":130657,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Factors that rely on your phone number, such as SMS and phone calls should be avoided if possible as they are the least secure and provide the worst user experience.",{"data":130659,"content":130660,"nodeType":883},{},[130661],{"data":130662,"marks":130663,"value":130664,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here's a summary:",{"data":130666,"content":130667,"nodeType":3329},{},[130668,130720,130772,130822,130874,130923,130974],{"data":130669,"content":130670,"nodeType":3236},{},[130671,130681,130691,130700,130710],{"data":130672,"content":130673,"nodeType":3224},{},[130674],{"data":130675,"content":130676,"nodeType":883},{},[130677],{"data":130678,"marks":130679,"value":130680,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Method",{"data":130682,"content":130683,"nodeType":3224},{},[130684],{"data":130685,"content":130686,"nodeType":883},{},[130687],{"data":130688,"marks":130689,"value":130690,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User 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call",{"data":130988,"content":130989,"nodeType":3250},{},[130990],{"data":130991,"content":130992,"nodeType":883},{},[130993],{"data":130994,"marks":130995,"value":130945,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":130997,"content":130998,"nodeType":3250},{},[130999],{"data":131000,"content":131001,"nodeType":883},{},[131002],{"data":131003,"marks":131004,"value":130945,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131006,"content":131007,"nodeType":3250},{},[131008],{"data":131009,"content":131010,"nodeType":883},{},[131011],{"data":131012,"marks":131013,"value":130964,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131015,"content":131016,"nodeType":3250},{},[131017],{"data":131018,"content":131019,"nodeType":883},{},[131020],{"data":131021,"marks":131022,"value":130771,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131024,"content":131028,"nodeType":892},{"target":131025},{"sys":131026},{"id":131027,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7rgrP5FFAKG63lscwhAsW1",[],{"data":131030,"content":131031,"nodeType":921},{},[131032],{"data":131033,"marks":131034,"value":130732,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131036,"content":131037,"nodeType":883},{},[131038],{"data":131039,"marks":131040,"value":131041,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the most common methods today is the app notification. Using an app on your phone, like Microsoft Authenticator, to receive a push notification when you login.",{"data":131043,"content":131044,"nodeType":883},{},[131045],{"data":131046,"marks":131047,"value":131048,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Free, easy to use, and secure - this is a good choice if your users all have devices to install the app on and will reliably have a network connection to receive the notification.",{"data":131050,"content":131051,"nodeType":883},{},[131052],{"data":131053,"marks":131054,"value":131055,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Your challenges with using this method will be getting the app setup on everyone's device, getting everyone enrolled, and making sure users understand to only hit approve when they actually performed a login (seriously).",{"data":131057,"content":131061,"nodeType":892},{"target":131058},{"sys":131059},{"id":131060,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4ybLnYAdHltdWCluLbr4di",[],{"data":131063,"content":131064,"nodeType":921},{},[131065],{"data":131066,"marks":131067,"value":131068,"nodeType":867},{},[],"App Code",{"data":131070,"content":131071,"nodeType":883},{},[131072],{"data":131073,"marks":131074,"value":131075,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The early days of MFA looked like RSA tokens; those devices you used to have to carry on a key chain with a code that changed every minute. Those devices worked by having a \"seed\" value that both the device and the server knew which changed predictably. So long as that seed value stayed safe, this provided a convenient second factor for users that was difficult to compromise.",{"data":131077,"content":131078,"nodeType":883},{},[131079],{"data":131080,"marks":131081,"value":131082,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Today, this approach is more common via an app, where the app provides a code that changes every minute, but the concept is exactly the same.",{"data":131084,"content":131085,"nodeType":883},{},[131086],{"data":131087,"marks":131088,"value":131089,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This approach uses what is officially called One Time Passwords (OTP) but is often just referred to as an app code. It has some advantages, such as not needing signal after setup which can be handy if that's a concern. ",{"data":131091,"content":131092,"nodeType":883},{},[131093],{"data":131094,"marks":131095,"value":131096,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, as was true of the RSA tokens of the past, if the seed value is compromised all future values can be predicted. The odds of this happening in practice are exceptionally low so this remains a good choice.",{"data":131098,"content":131099,"nodeType":883},{},[131100],{"data":131101,"marks":131102,"value":131103,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Your challenges with using this method will again be mostly in rolling it out to all users and getting everyone setup.",{"data":131105,"content":131106,"nodeType":921},{},[131107],{"data":131108,"marks":131109,"value":131110,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Text message / phone call",{"data":131112,"content":131113,"nodeType":883},{},[131114],{"data":131115,"marks":131116,"value":131117,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As MFA gained popularity, receiving a code via text message (SMS), or sometimes a phone call, quickly became the de-facto method. Before everyone had smartphones and therefore the ability to install apps, using text messages or phone calls was the only way to implement MFA without having to provision RSA tokens for everyone in the team.",{"data":131119,"content":131120,"nodeType":883},{},[131121,131125,131133],{"data":131122,"marks":131123,"value":131124,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The major downside to using these methods is their reliance on the security of the phone number. If attackers really want to target an account, and they know the phone number used for MFA, they can try something called ",{"data":131126,"content":131128,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131127},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_swap_scam",[131129],{"data":131130,"marks":131131,"value":131132,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SIM-swapping",{"data":131134,"marks":131135,"value":131136,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to hijack the phone number, and hence nullify the MFA.",{"data":131138,"content":131139,"nodeType":883},{},[131140],{"data":131141,"marks":131142,"value":131143,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The most important thing to note in that scenario is how targeted it is. With no MFA, any attacker on the Internet can simply guess passwords on an account - the cost is extremely low. To bypass SMS or phone call MFA using SIM swapping has a significantly higher cost. The attack is definitely practical, but would only happen when you're specifically targeted.",{"data":131145,"content":131146,"nodeType":883},{},[131147],{"data":131148,"marks":131149,"value":131150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Additionally, the user experience isn't as good. Firstly, the user must have mobile signal to receive the SMS or call. Secondly, there can often be a delay in delivery, due to the less-reliable mobile network. Finally, there is almost always a usage cost associated with these methods, since it costs money to send SMSs or make phone calls.",{"data":131152,"content":131153,"nodeType":883},{},[131154],{"data":131155,"marks":131156,"value":131157,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Because of this, SMS or phone calls are often considered least desirable MFA methods today.",{"data":131159,"content":131160,"nodeType":921},{},[131161],{"data":131162,"marks":131163,"value":131164,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security keys",{"data":131166,"content":131167,"nodeType":883},{},[131168],{"data":131169,"marks":131170,"value":131171,"nodeType":867},{},[],"FIDO2 is the name for a set of authentication protocols and standards developed by a consortium of tech companies to be the future of authentication. FIDO2 solves a lot of the problems we've dealt with in the past: it's secure, usable, impossible to spoof.",{"data":131173,"content":131174,"nodeType":883},{},[131175,131179,131187,131191,131198],{"data":131176,"marks":131177,"value":131178,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Without digging into the weeds of how that works (",{"data":131180,"content":131182,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131181},"https://fidoalliance.org/fido2/",[131183],{"data":131184,"marks":131185,"value":131186,"nodeType":867},{},[],"the official page from the FIDO alliance is worth a read if you're interested",{"data":131188,"marks":131189,"value":131190,"nodeType":867},{},[],"), you will need what's commonly referred to as a \"security key\" to make use of it. This is a small physical device, often plugged into your USB port - modern devices that understand FIDO2, like the ",{"data":131192,"content":131193,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130638},[131194],{"data":131195,"marks":131196,"value":131197,"nodeType":867},{},[],"YubiKey 5 Series",{"data":131199,"marks":131200,"value":131201,"nodeType":867},{},[],", are preferable. Once setup, you simply touch the key on login and the magic of cryptography ensures a high degree of security.",{"data":131203,"content":131204,"nodeType":883},{},[131205],{"data":131206,"marks":131207,"value":131208,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In fact, this approach is so secure, it is the basis of a \"passwordless\" revolution, where this strong factor of authentication can feasibly be used as a single-factor of authentication, and users don't even need to remember passwords anymore. Though in its infancy at the moment, expect to hear more about that in the coming years.",{"data":131210,"content":131211,"nodeType":883},{},[131212],{"data":131213,"marks":131214,"value":131215,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The primary drawback of this method is the cost, with devices typically costing around $50 each. Also, although you can expect them to be supported on major platforms, they aren't supported as widely as other methods just yet.",{"data":131217,"content":131218,"nodeType":883},{},[131219],{"data":131220,"marks":131221,"value":131222,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you are unable to justify their cost for all users, a common implementation is to use security keys for high privilege accounts.",{"data":131224,"content":131225,"nodeType":921},{},[131226],{"data":131227,"marks":131228,"value":131229,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Built-in security keys",{"data":131231,"content":131232,"nodeType":883},{},[131233],{"data":131234,"marks":131235,"value":131236,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many modern mobile devices like laptops, tablets and phones have built-in security keys (e.g. Apple TouchId,  Android phones, and Windows Hello). These have many of the advantages of stand-alone security keys, but without the cost!",{"data":131238,"content":131239,"nodeType":883},{},[131240],{"data":131241,"marks":131242,"value":131243,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Support for these keys is a fairly recent development and is still ongoing but opens up an exciting future where users will increasingly be able to very easily add a second factor, or even go passwordless, in a secure way, without much effort or thought.",{"data":131245,"content":131246,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":131248,"content":131249,"nodeType":883},{},[131250],{"data":131251,"marks":131252,"value":131253,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In conclusion there are multiple options you can choose from to fit almost any scenario you have. While some options are better than others, even the worst option is still a massive improvement on passwords alone. In the end, the best MFA method is the one you can start rolling out today, you can always improve down the line.",{"data":131255,"content":131258,"nodeType":892},{"target":131256},{"sys":131257},{"id":86838,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":131260,"content":131261,"nodeType":883},{},[131262],{"data":131263,"marks":131264,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Which MFA methods should you use?","SMS, Authenticator apps, Security Keys, and more! We compare them from a user experience, security, cost, and security aspect.",[457],"2021-03-15T00:00:00.000+01:00","which-mfa-methods-should-you-use",{"items":131271},[131272,131276],{"sys":131273,"name":131275},{"id":131274},"1gZi8NrRy2v9OqPV7C4dwD","Risk management",{"sys":131277,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":131279},[131280],{"fullName":115841,"firstName":115842,"jobTitle":115843,"profilePicture":131281},{"url":115845},{"__typename":1670,"sys":131283,"content":131284,"title":131460,"synopsis":131461,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":131462,"slug":131463,"tagsCollection":131464,"authorsCollection":131470},{"id":129256},{"json":131285},{"data":131286,"content":131287,"nodeType":1569},{},[131288,131295,131302,131308,131324,131330,131337,131344,131371,131377,131396,131414,131433],{"data":131289,"content":131290,"nodeType":883},{},[131291],{"data":131292,"marks":131293,"value":131294,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With more platforms adding support for Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) and users increasingly adopting it to secure their accounts, attackers are adapting and moving to new methods of compromising user accounts. In this post we’ll take a look at consent phishing and how it is being used to bypass MFA and also skirt key attributes of phishing that are taught in traditional user awareness campaigns, such as links to untrusted domains.",{"data":131296,"content":131297,"nodeType":883},{},[131298],{"data":131299,"marks":131300,"value":131301,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Imagine yourself sitting down at your desk first thing on a Monday morning, cup of coffee steaming next to your keyboard as you click through your backlog of emails. You open the below email and you see that Karl has shared a financial report with you. ",{"data":131303,"content":131307,"nodeType":892},{"target":131304},{"sys":131305},{"id":131306,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7zysXleQdpE6isqi9OU56l",[],{"data":131309,"content":131310,"nodeType":883},{},[131311,131315,131320],{"data":131312,"marks":131313,"value":131314,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Maybe you’ve been waiting for the latest financials or you suspect this was sent erroneously but you’re curious and want to take a peek. When you click the link you are presented with a prompt that with your Monday brain looks just like the “Yes give me access” prompt you’ve clicked through a thousand times. I mean, it's a ",{"data":131316,"marks":131317,"value":131319,"nodeType":867},{},[131318],{"type":910},"microsoftonline.com",{"data":131321,"marks":131322,"value":131323,"nodeType":867},{},[]," domain, it's https and there’s a green tick in the corner so everything looks fine. ",{"data":131325,"content":131329,"nodeType":892},{"target":131326},{"sys":131327},{"id":131328,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6nPueTKEjLphqlytbQ0gcx",[],{"data":131331,"content":131332,"nodeType":883},{},[131333],{"data":131334,"marks":131335,"value":131336,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’d looked closely you may have noticed that this was in fact asking you to approve access rather than granting you access. But with your muscle memory in full control you click “Accept” before even glancing at the screen. You wait for the spreadsheet to open but are presented with a generic “File does not exist” error page. Oh well, apparently Karl realised his mistake and deleted the file or revoked your access. Onto the next email.",{"data":131338,"content":131339,"nodeType":883},{},[131340],{"data":131341,"marks":131342,"value":131343,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And just like that you’ve been consent phished. You’ve just granted the attackers permanent access to your account, which they retain even if you change your password or have MFA enabled. Chances are the attacker’s tools will immediately start downloading every piece of data you just granted them access to, which they can then explore at their leisure. ",{"data":131345,"content":131346,"nodeType":883},{},[131347,131351,131358,131361,131368],{"data":131348,"marks":131349,"value":131350,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To spot this you need to audit the apps you’ve approved, something you are doing regularly, right? Seriously though, this isn’t something many people check. These integrations are designed to be as seamless as possible and not to get in your way. But if this has piqued your interest you can check what access you have personally granted on ",{"data":131352,"content":131354,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131353},"https://myaccount.google.com/permissions",[131355],{"data":131356,"marks":131357,"value":87165,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131359,"marks":131360,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131362,"content":131364,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131363},"https://myapps.microsoft.com/",[131365],{"data":131366,"marks":131367,"value":87175,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131369,"marks":131370,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131372,"content":131376,"nodeType":892},{"target":131373},{"sys":131374},{"id":131375,"type":889,"linkType":890},"BPIX02LWblUNnkQw1TFWD",[],{"data":131378,"content":131379,"nodeType":883},{},[131380,131384,131392],{"data":131381,"marks":131382,"value":131383,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’d been paying attention when you clicked “Accept” you might have noticed that you were granting some pretty serious permissions here. These permissions allow the attackers to read and write any files you have access to - they could download all these files and then delete them. The attackers also got permission to send emails as you. They could send emails to your colleagues from you and phish them too, this isn’t impersonation where the email just “looks” like it came from you, the email DID come from you. Lastly the attackers asked for permission to manipulate your Outlook settings, with this they could set up a ",{"data":131385,"content":131387,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131386},"/features/detect-malicious-mail-rules/",[131388],{"data":131389,"marks":131390,"value":131391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"mail forwarding rule",{"data":131393,"marks":131394,"value":131395,"nodeType":867},{},[]," so that they get copies of all your emails forwarded to them directly without even having to log in. And all of this happens until you delete the underlying OAuth app.",{"data":131397,"content":131398,"nodeType":883},{},[131399,131403,131410],{"data":131400,"marks":131401,"value":131402,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a ",{"data":131404,"content":131406,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131405},"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/07/08/protecting-remote-workforce-application-attacks-consent-phishing/",[131407],{"data":131408,"marks":131409,"value":94751,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131411,"marks":131412,"value":131413,"nodeType":867},{},[]," Microsoft warns that these attacks are on the rise. One notable example of this comes from the SANS Institute. They reported in August of 2020 that they had fallen victim to one of these attacks. As part of the investigation they produced a report with details on how the attackers managed to convince an employee to install a malicious Microsoft 365 add-in to gain access. ",{"data":131415,"content":131416,"nodeType":883},{},[131417,131421,131429],{"data":131418,"marks":131419,"value":131420,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So what can you do about this threat today? The only fool proof method of preventing this kind of attack is to prevent users from granting access to third party apps. This is terrible for users though, and you’ll be missing out on all the productivity benefits these apps can bring. A more balanced approach is to let users find and request apps, but have administrators approve the apps. More and more platforms (including Microsoft 365 and Slack) are offering built-in “admin consent” workflows to make getting a second pair of eyes on new apps even easier. You can also make it even easier for users  by pre-approving widely used apps from trusted publishers and users won’t even notice there is new protection in place 99% of the time. We are also actively working on this problem and if you would like to join our ",{"data":131422,"content":131424,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131423},"/features/secure-oauth-permissions-and-applications/",[131425],{"data":131426,"marks":131427,"value":131428,"nodeType":867},{},[],"early access program",{"data":131430,"marks":131431,"value":131432,"nodeType":867},{},[]," please get in touch.",{"data":131434,"content":131435,"nodeType":883},{},[131436,131440,131447,131450,131456],{"data":131437,"marks":131438,"value":131439,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Consent phishing is still an emerging technique and we believe that it has not reached peak usage by attackers yet. We are actively researching this attack technique as it continues to evolve. Follow us on Twitter ",{"data":131441,"content":131442,"nodeType":878},{"uri":61276},[131443],{"data":131444,"marks":131445,"value":131446,"nodeType":867},{},[],"@pushsecurity",{"data":131448,"marks":131449,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131451,"content":131452,"nodeType":878},{"uri":61262},[131453],{"data":131454,"marks":131455,"value":61269,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131457,"marks":131458,"value":131459,"nodeType":867},{},[]," or subscribe to our mailing list below to get the latest updates and tips for managing this for your users.","Consent phishing: the emerging phishing technique that can bypass 2FA","Consent phishing is an emerging technique attackers are using to compromise user accounts, even if they have Multi-factor Authentication (MFA or 2FA) enabled.","2021-07-06T00:00:00.000+01:00","consent-phishing-the-emerging-phishing-technique-that-can-bypass-2fa",{"items":131465},[131466,131468],{"sys":131467,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":131469,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":131471},[131472],{"fullName":131473,"firstName":39252,"jobTitle":131474,"profilePicture":131475},"Alex Triaca","Chief Architect",{"url":131476},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/LmC3LyTH5V9NthbqKuqA2/8291887e41c15613bf98f6fd55773817/117-0-2.jpg","blog/okta-swa",{"json":131479},{"data":131480,"content":131481,"nodeType":1569},{},[131482],{"data":131483,"content":131484,"nodeType":883},{},[131485],{"data":131486,"marks":131487,"value":131488,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’ll discuss and demonstrate why Okta's SWA isn't the same or as secure as using SAML and OIDC authentication methods for SSO.\n",{"id":120936,"publishedAt":131490},"2026-08-13T09:35:30.843Z",{"items":131492},[131493,131495],{"sys":131494,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"sys":131496,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":131498},[131499,131501,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519],{"sys":131500,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":131502,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":131504,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":131506,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":131508,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":131510,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":131512,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":131514,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":131516,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":131518,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":131520,"name":598,"slug":599,"tier":45},{"id":595},"h-WNFaGzdRTPJF9qOFIS_yyC7JgZMN6_vS4PUbbDCrE",{"id":131523,"title":131524,"authorsCollection":131525,"content":131530,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":132480,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":132482,"metaTitle":132483,"ogImage":59,"postType":1665,"publishedDate":132484,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":132485,"slug":134415,"stem":134416,"subtitle":59,"summary":134417,"synopsis":134434,"sys":134435,"tagsCollection":134437,"topicsCollection":134443,"__hash__":134465},"blog/blog/phishing-slack-persistence.json","Slack Attack: A phisher's guide to persistence and lateral movement",{"items":131526},[131527],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":131528,"profilePicture":131529},[853],{"url":855},{"json":131531,"links":132366},{"data":131532,"content":131533,"nodeType":1569},{},[131534,131552,131572,131579,131662,131669,131691,131698,131705,131712,131719,131752,131759,131804,131811,131816,131823,131843,131850,131857,131877,131899,131919,131926,131933,131940,131946,131953,131960,131967,131973,131979,131999,132006,132012,132018,132024,132031,132046,132052,132058,132065,132072,132079,132086,132093,132099,132106,132125,132131,132138,132144,132151,132157,132164,132171,132178,132185,132191,132198,132203,132209,132216,132223,132332,132338,132345,132352,132359],{"data":131535,"content":131536,"nodeType":883},{},[131537,131541,131548],{"data":131538,"marks":131539,"value":131540,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is the fourth post in a series on attack chains formed by combining techniques in the ",{"data":131542,"content":131543,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[131544],{"data":131545,"marks":131546,"value":1691,"nodeType":867},{},[131547],{"type":876},{"data":131549,"marks":131550,"value":131551,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and the second post of two focused on attacking instant messaging applications with Slack as the primary example. ",{"data":131553,"content":131554,"nodeType":883},{},[131555,131558,131568],{"data":131556,"marks":131557,"value":2227,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131559,"content":131562,"nodeType":13489},{"target":131560},{"sys":131561},{"id":111863,"type":889,"linkType":890},[131563],{"data":131564,"marks":131565,"value":131567,"nodeType":867},{},[131566],{"type":876},"previous post",{"data":131569,"marks":131570,"value":131571,"nodeType":867},{},[]," focused on external attackers gaining an initial foothold during the initial access phase of the kill chain. In this post we’ll be focusing on persistence and lateral movement for an attacker that has already gained a foothold on a Slack tenant by compromising an internal account. ",{"data":131573,"content":131574,"nodeType":883},{},[131575],{"data":131576,"marks":131577,"value":131578,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll build on the techniques in the previous post as well as introducing more and so will cover the following SaaS attack techniques, including chaining them together:",{"data":131580,"content":131581,"nodeType":1526},{},[131582,131602,131622,131643],{"data":131583,"content":131584,"nodeType":1505},{},[131585],{"data":131586,"content":131587,"nodeType":883},{},[131588,131591,131599],{"data":131589,"marks":131590,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131592,"content":131593,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80906},[131594],{"data":131595,"marks":131596,"value":131598,"nodeType":867},{},[131597],{"type":876},"SAT1018 - IM phishing",{"data":131600,"marks":131601,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131603,"content":131604,"nodeType":1505},{},[131605],{"data":131606,"content":131607,"nodeType":883},{},[131608,131611,131619],{"data":131609,"marks":131610,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131612,"content":131613,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86163},[131614],{"data":131615,"marks":131616,"value":131618,"nodeType":867},{},[131617],{"type":876},"SAT1019 - IM user spoofing",{"data":131620,"marks":131621,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131623,"content":131624,"nodeType":1505},{},[131625],{"data":131626,"content":131627,"nodeType":883},{},[131628,131631,131640],{"data":131629,"marks":131630,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131632,"content":131634,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131633},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/system_integrations/description.md",[131635],{"data":131636,"marks":131637,"value":131639,"nodeType":867},{},[131638],{"type":876},"SAT1036 - OAuth system integrations ",{"data":131641,"marks":131642,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131644,"content":131645,"nodeType":1505},{},[131646],{"data":131647,"content":131648,"nodeType":883},{},[131649,131652,131659],{"data":131650,"marks":131651,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131653,"content":131654,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66399},[131655],{"data":131656,"marks":131657,"value":106212,"nodeType":867},{},[131658],{"type":876},{"data":131660,"marks":131661,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131663,"content":131664,"nodeType":912},{},[131665],{"data":131666,"marks":131667,"value":131668,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why focus on instant messengers?",{"data":131670,"content":131671,"nodeType":883},{},[131672,131677,131686],{"data":131673,"marks":131674,"value":131676,"nodeType":867},{},[131675],{"type":2278},"If you’ve just read the ",{"data":131678,"content":131681,"nodeType":13489},{"target":131679},{"sys":131680},{"id":111863,"type":889,"linkType":890},[131682],{"data":131683,"marks":131684,"value":131567,"nodeType":867},{},[131685],{"type":2278},{"data":131687,"marks":131688,"value":131690,"nodeType":867},{},[131689],{"type":2278},", you can skip this introductory piece and jump straight to the next section.",{"data":131692,"content":131693,"nodeType":883},{},[131694],{"data":131695,"marks":131696,"value":131697,"nodeType":867},{},[],"They aren’t new, however, the original focus of IM apps was on internal communication and phishing and social engineering attacks are often external. Email remained the standards-based protocol that enabled external communication no matter what email vendor was in use. In recent years, however, instant messengers (IM) have become the primary method of communication for many businesses. I wanted to focus on IM here because if that’s where employees are communicating, it’s the best place to launch attacks against them. Even better, there’s a history of users placing a higher degree of trust in IM platforms than email, so it becomes a potentially easy target.",{"data":131699,"content":131700,"nodeType":883},{},[131701],{"data":131702,"marks":131703,"value":131704,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While IM platforms were initially used solely for internal communications, organizations quickly realized that IM platforms could be used to communicate with external groups, individuals, freelancers, and contractors, with the hope of fewer emails and more instant communications. ",{"data":131706,"content":131707,"nodeType":883},{},[131708],{"data":131709,"marks":131710,"value":131711,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We now have Slack Connect and Microsoft Teams external access to support this, with Slack Connect introduced in June 2020 and Teams introducing it in January 2022. This external access has increased the attack surface of these platforms considerably.",{"data":131713,"content":131714,"nodeType":883},{},[131715],{"data":131716,"marks":131717,"value":131718,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Despite decades of security research, email security appliances and user security training, email-based phishing and social engineering is still commonly successful. Now we have instant messenger platforms with:",{"data":131720,"content":131721,"nodeType":1526},{},[131722,131732,131742],{"data":131723,"content":131724,"nodeType":1505},{},[131725],{"data":131726,"content":131727,"nodeType":883},{},[131728],{"data":131729,"marks":131730,"value":131731,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Richer functionality than email, ",{"data":131733,"content":131734,"nodeType":1505},{},[131735],{"data":131736,"content":131737,"nodeType":883},{},[131738],{"data":131739,"marks":131740,"value":131741,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Lacking centralized security gateways and other security controls common to email and ",{"data":131743,"content":131744,"nodeType":1505},{},[131745],{"data":131746,"content":131747,"nodeType":883},{},[131748],{"data":131749,"marks":131750,"value":131751,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unfamiliar as a threat vector to your average user compared with email. ",{"data":131753,"content":131754,"nodeType":883},{},[131755],{"data":131756,"marks":131757,"value":131758,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s also a sense of urgency associated with IM messages due to the conversational nature compared with emails. Combined with a history of increased trust, we have the ingredients for increased social engineering success.",{"data":131760,"content":131761,"nodeType":883},{},[131762,131766,131775,131779,131788,131792,131801],{"data":131763,"marks":131764,"value":131765,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s been an uptick recently in IM-based phishing research and real-world attacks, particularly for Microsoft Teams. For example, check out the ",{"data":131767,"content":131769,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131768},"https://labs.jumpsec.com/advisory-idor-in-microsoft-teams-allows-for-external-tenants-to-introduce-malware/",[131770],{"data":131771,"marks":131772,"value":131774,"nodeType":867},{},[131773],{"type":876},"great research from JumpSec",{"data":131776,"marks":131777,"value":131778,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on bypassing attachment protection for external Teams messages, the offensive tool ",{"data":131780,"content":131782,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131781},"https://github.com/Octoberfest7/TeamsPhisher",[131783],{"data":131784,"marks":131785,"value":131787,"nodeType":867},{},[131786],{"type":876},"TeamsPhisher",{"data":131789,"marks":131790,"value":131791,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and attacks distributing ",{"data":131793,"content":131795,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131794},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/microsoft-teams-phishing-attack-pushes-darkgate-malware/",[131796],{"data":131797,"marks":131798,"value":131800,"nodeType":867},{},[131799],{"type":876},"DarkGate malware via Teams",{"data":131802,"marks":131803,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":131805,"content":131806,"nodeType":883},{},[131807],{"data":131808,"marks":131809,"value":131810,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, in this article we’ll focus on a few techniques specific to Slack.",{"data":131812,"content":131815,"nodeType":892},{"target":131813},{"sys":131814},{"id":83090,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":131817,"content":131818,"nodeType":912},{},[131819],{"data":131820,"marks":131821,"value":131822,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Slack apps - spoofing and persistence",{"data":131824,"content":131825,"nodeType":883},{},[131826,131830,131839],{"data":131827,"marks":131828,"value":131829,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the ",{"data":131831,"content":131834,"nodeType":13489},{"target":131832},{"sys":131833},{"id":111863,"type":889,"linkType":890},[131835],{"data":131836,"marks":131837,"value":131567,"nodeType":867},{},[131838],{"type":876},{"data":131840,"marks":131841,"value":131842,"nodeType":867},{},[],", we covered user spoofing and link preview spoofing attacks that can be conducted externally. But do we have any other options available once on the inside that wouldn’t be available to us externally? ",{"data":131844,"content":131845,"nodeType":883},{},[131846],{"data":131847,"marks":131848,"value":131849,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What happens if you compromise a Slack account and then want to persist and/or move laterally? Ordinarily, you can maintain access until session expiry or a password change is forced or the account is deactivated/deleted. For further actual impact, you could silently read messages as the user continues to operate their account but if you start sending out malicious links to other targets, in an attempt to move laterally, then the real user is probably going to become aware of the compromise very quickly from seeing the malicious messages in their own chat client.",{"data":131851,"content":131852,"nodeType":883},{},[131853],{"data":131854,"marks":131855,"value":131856,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Alternatively, what happens in a situation where a disgruntled employee is let go and their account is terminated? Could they maintain some level of access and use it maliciously?",{"data":131858,"content":131859,"nodeType":883},{},[131860,131864,131873],{"data":131861,"marks":131862,"value":131863,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One key feature that some IM apps like Slack have is app integrations to allow bots and other functionality, usually using OAuth under the hood. This allows very useful functionality for users, but also opens up a whole new angle for persistence and spoofing. In Slack’s case, its separation of ",{"data":131865,"content":131867,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131866},"https://api.slack.com/authentication/token-types",[131868],{"data":131869,"marks":131870,"value":131872,"nodeType":867},{},[131871],{"type":876},"user tokens and bot tokens",{"data":131874,"marks":131875,"value":131876,"nodeType":867},{},[]," allows for particularly interesting spoofing and persistence capabilities, which we’ll come to later.",{"data":131878,"content":131879,"nodeType":883},{},[131880,131884,131895],{"data":131881,"marks":131882,"value":131883,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We could probably write several posts on OAuth apps alone. In fact, we’ve written about ",{"data":131885,"content":131889,"nodeType":13489},{"target":131886},{"sys":131887},{"id":131888,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3QpljiYU9YHEUhd5gsvypj",[131890],{"data":131891,"marks":131892,"value":131894,"nodeType":867},{},[131893],{"type":876},"using OAuth for persistence",{"data":131896,"marks":131897,"value":131898,"nodeType":867},{},[]," more generally before. However, in this case we are going to focus on a couple examples of using a legitimate Slack app maliciously. ",{"data":131900,"content":131901,"nodeType":883},{},[131902,131906,131915],{"data":131903,"marks":131904,"value":131905,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a previous blog post in this series, we spoke about ",{"data":131907,"content":131910,"nodeType":13489},{"target":131908},{"sys":131909},{"id":127134,"type":889,"linkType":890},[131911],{"data":131912,"marks":131913,"value":66405,"nodeType":867},{},[131914],{"type":876},{"data":131916,"marks":131917,"value":131918,"nodeType":867},{},[]," using SaaS automation apps. We’re going to follow this theme again here and show how they can also be used with Slack. Previously, we used Zapier as our automation app example, but this time we are going to use make.com. ",{"data":131920,"content":131921,"nodeType":921},{},[131922],{"data":131923,"marks":131924,"value":131925,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Persistent spoofing",{"data":131927,"content":131928,"nodeType":883},{},[131929],{"data":131930,"marks":131931,"value":131932,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll show here how you can connect make.com to a Slack account you control and then maintain persistence, both as that user and partial access even if the account is deactivated or deleted, by using bot tokens. This is especially important in a disgruntled employee scenario as they could use this to maintain some level of access to Slack even if they were fired and had their account deleted. ",{"data":131934,"content":131935,"nodeType":883},{},[131936],{"data":131937,"marks":131938,"value":131939,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If we create a make.com account and click to create a new scenario, we can select Slack from the long list of integration possibilities. We’ll then be prompted to pick a specific Slack module. In more complicated scenarios, these can be chained together to take actions on events, but in this case we are going to create a simple scenario with just one module used to send a custom Slack message.",{"data":131941,"content":131945,"nodeType":892},{"target":131942},{"sys":131943},{"id":131944,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2k6NeCNERIL4zx3FtTD97p",[],{"data":131947,"content":131948,"nodeType":883},{},[131949],{"data":131950,"marks":131951,"value":131952,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If we select the module “Create a Message” we’ll be prompted to select a Slack connection to use and then fill out the other details for the module. Since we haven’t already created a Slack connection, we’ll be prompted to create a new one. For this module, we have the option of creating either a user token or a bot token. ",{"data":131954,"content":131955,"nodeType":883},{},[131956],{"data":131957,"marks":131958,"value":131959,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A user token has full capabilities and will continue to operate in the event of a password change. However, if the user account is deactivated or deleted then it will cease to work. In contrast, the bot connection is limited in capabilities compared to a full user token, but the advantage is that it will continue to operate even if the user account is deactivated or deleted.",{"data":131961,"content":131962,"nodeType":883},{},[131963],{"data":131964,"marks":131965,"value":131966,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This means gaining even temporary control of a Slack account, either through a user compromise or by being a disgruntled employee (or fired employee), could enable the permanent ability to spoof messages unless the entire app is revoked from Slack. Even with the high bar set by shadow workflows, that’s a pretty epic level of persistence!\n\nSo, we’re going to select the bot token for this example:",{"data":131968,"content":131972,"nodeType":892},{"target":131969},{"sys":131970},{"id":131971,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2Hx4QLlhLoXxoAVN7R72Tm",[],{"data":131974,"content":131978,"nodeType":892},{"target":131975},{"sys":131976},{"id":131977,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6oSc2GzeZh5vUhyKC8viMn",[],{"data":131980,"content":131981,"nodeType":883},{},[131982,131986,131995],{"data":131983,"marks":131984,"value":131985,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now that we’ve finished setting up the bot connection, we can configure the specifics for the module itself. In this case, we’ll demonstrate using it to send the same type of spoofed message we covered in the ",{"data":131987,"content":131990,"nodeType":13489},{"target":131988},{"sys":131989},{"id":111863,"type":889,"linkType":890},[131991],{"data":131992,"marks":131993,"value":131567,"nodeType":867},{},[131994],{"type":876},{"data":131996,"marks":131997,"value":131998,"nodeType":867},{},[],", only it’ll be from a bot account. ",{"data":132000,"content":132001,"nodeType":883},{},[132002],{"data":132003,"marks":132004,"value":132005,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By default, it’ll use the name and icon of the Slack app, in this case Integromat (Make.com’s former name). Alternatively, we can choose to override this, which we will do in this case to mirror the user spoofing attacks we covered earlier. The only difference to a normal user message is there will be a small “APP” icon after the user. ",{"data":132007,"content":132011,"nodeType":892},{"target":132008},{"sys":132009},{"id":132010,"type":889,"linkType":890},"44kvbP0IYSIrp5anRtuVhN",[],{"data":132013,"content":132017,"nodeType":892},{"target":132014},{"sys":132015},{"id":132016,"type":889,"linkType":890},"225FeHRut5kzTuX1n0NDLt",[],{"data":132019,"content":132023,"nodeType":892},{"target":132020},{"sys":132021},{"id":132022,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1c5AcrsoegPrNwrXtdCCaJ",[],{"data":132025,"content":132026,"nodeType":883},{},[132027],{"data":132028,"marks":132029,"value":132030,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The other great advantage with this is that it’s difficult to see which user is actually responsible for the spoofing. If a compromised user account is used to send spoofed messages, not only may the real employee see the messages and alert security, but if the messages are investigated by a target or the security team, it’s quick to click on the user and see the real email address associated with the account. ",{"data":132032,"content":132033,"nodeType":883},{},[132034,132038,132043],{"data":132035,"marks":132036,"value":132037,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, when it’s done with a bot token for an app, ",{"data":132039,"marks":132040,"value":132042,"nodeType":867},{},[132041],{"type":2278},"you can only see the Slack app that was responsible, not the actual user account it originated from",{"data":132044,"marks":132045,"value":30960,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132047,"content":132051,"nodeType":892},{"target":132048},{"sys":132049},{"id":132050,"type":889,"linkType":890},"62F3HPZdrQqBrUDV47pjjL",[],{"data":132053,"content":132057,"nodeType":892},{"target":132054},{"sys":132055},{"id":132056,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7A8Run1271YslWTHNBqhc",[],{"data":132059,"content":132060,"nodeType":921},{},[132061],{"data":132062,"marks":132063,"value":132064,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Automated phishing replies",{"data":132066,"content":132067,"nodeType":883},{},[132068],{"data":132069,"marks":132070,"value":132071,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ok, so we’ve just seen how you can internally spoof a message via a Slack app in a way that’s harder to track back to the original compromised user account and also achieve persistence at the same time. Pretty neat! But can we do more?",{"data":132073,"content":132074,"nodeType":883},{},[132075],{"data":132076,"marks":132077,"value":132078,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the great features of IM apps is the fact they are…well…instant! By making a slightly more sophisticated scenario with make.com, we can monitor public channels for messages that meet certain criteria and then immediately spoof a target phishing link as a reply. Phishing where the target is the one to reach out originally is much more likely to be successful as it’s more like a watering hole attack - the phishing message itself won’t be seen as unsolicited.",{"data":132080,"content":132081,"nodeType":883},{},[132082],{"data":132083,"marks":132084,"value":132085,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, let’s consider a scenario where someone has forgotten their password, or some other common IT support request, and they raise a question on a Slack channel about it. We could monitor for that and automatically respond. ",{"data":132087,"content":132088,"nodeType":883},{},[132089],{"data":132090,"marks":132091,"value":132092,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One caveat here is make.com requires we use a user token for the message monitoring part and therefore this attack couldn’t survive a deactivated/deleted Slack user account. However, it will still survive password changes and so is still a useful persistence option too. Additionally, the bot token can still be used for the message sending component in order to mask the source of the attack as above. ",{"data":132094,"content":132098,"nodeType":892},{"target":132095},{"sys":132096},{"id":132097,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4AdugwjwhzK5gdxojpqDwn",[],{"data":132100,"content":132101,"nodeType":883},{},[132102],{"data":132103,"marks":132104,"value":132105,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, we have configured a Slack module to watch public channel messages using a user token and apply a filter on those containing the words “password” and “reset”. If that is the case, we then trigger a spoofed threaded reply using the bot token and impersonating an “IT bot” and giving a link to documentation for how to perform a self-service password request. ",{"data":132107,"content":132108,"nodeType":883},{},[132109,132113,132121],{"data":132110,"marks":132111,"value":132112,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This makes use of the same link preview spoofing techniques we covered in the ",{"data":132114,"content":132117,"nodeType":13489},{"target":132115},{"sys":132116},{"id":111863,"type":889,"linkType":890},[132118],{"data":132119,"marks":132120,"value":131567,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132122,"marks":132123,"value":132124,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and the actual link will present a fake Google login page to harvest credentials.  ",{"data":132126,"content":132130,"nodeType":892},{"target":132127},{"sys":132128},{"id":132129,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6BuFqoDtaUGpz48ANXRDJu",[],{"data":132132,"content":132133,"nodeType":883},{},[132134],{"data":132135,"marks":132136,"value":132137,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here’s a quick video demonstrating this combination of user spoofing, link preview spoofing and a shadow workflow in action:",{"data":132139,"content":132143,"nodeType":892},{"target":132140},{"sys":132141},{"id":132142,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2PYOjiz7DIRKqdYuushsqB",[],{"data":132145,"content":132146,"nodeType":883},{},[132147],{"data":132148,"marks":132149,"value":132150,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To summarize, heres a diagram to show how this all fits together:",{"data":132152,"content":132156,"nodeType":892},{"target":132153},{"sys":132154},{"id":132155,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6BsctEd635MRwcuzpOhx1V",[],{"data":132158,"content":132159,"nodeType":921},{},[132160],{"data":132161,"marks":132162,"value":132163,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Multi-party spoofing",{"data":132165,"content":132166,"nodeType":883},{},[132167],{"data":132168,"marks":132169,"value":132170,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another great possibility provided from using Slack apps and bot tokens for spoofing is the ability to spoof inline with existing communications as multiple parties. Ordinarily, if a Slack user kept changing their name, handle and photo for spoofing internally, Slack would change all existing messages to the latest profile data every time. That makes it hard to spoof multiple identities in short time windows and so an attacker could only really spoof one person at a time. However, with Slack apps you can inject messages as different people at different points of a conversation using bot tokens.",{"data":132172,"content":132173,"nodeType":883},{},[132174],{"data":132175,"marks":132176,"value":132177,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Consider the following example, where I’m using my own internal account to message the CFO about paying a malicious invoice that I have hypothetically raised. Perhaps they then indicate approval is needed from another party, in this case the CEO. Similarly, this might be a common process for access requests requiring manager approval and many other business processes. ",{"data":132179,"content":132180,"nodeType":883},{},[132181],{"data":132182,"marks":132183,"value":132184,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, I’m able to quickly spoof a message as another user to act as the approval in a manner that is pretty sneaky. The only giveaway at first glance is the “APP” tag after the spoofed message.",{"data":132186,"content":132190,"nodeType":892},{"target":132187},{"sys":132188},{"id":132189,"type":889,"linkType":890},"0Qrre7ZeVsFu1usSSyNS8",[],{"data":132192,"content":132193,"nodeType":883},{},[132194],{"data":132195,"marks":132196,"value":132197,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is just one example but the ability to spoof multiple identities simultaneously from just one compromised account on what is usually seen as a trusted internal communications system really opens up a ton of possibilities for social engineering attacks focused on lateral movement. ",{"data":132199,"content":132202,"nodeType":892},{"target":132200},{"sys":132201},{"id":86838,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":132204,"content":132205,"nodeType":912},{},[132206],{"data":132207,"marks":132208,"value":20576,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132210,"content":132211,"nodeType":883},{},[132212],{"data":132213,"marks":132214,"value":132215,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After two whole posts on attacking Slack, covering both external attacks during the initial access phase and internal attacks in the persistence and lateral movement phases, we’ve covered a serious amount of ground! ",{"data":132217,"content":132218,"nodeType":883},{},[132219],{"data":132220,"marks":132221,"value":132222,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s worth taking a step back and considering the key impact points:",{"data":132224,"content":132225,"nodeType":1526},{},[132226,132236,132246,132256,132266,132299],{"data":132227,"content":132228,"nodeType":1505},{},[132229],{"data":132230,"content":132231,"nodeType":883},{},[132232],{"data":132233,"marks":132234,"value":132235,"nodeType":867},{},[],"IM apps like Slack are now external phishing and social engineering vectors, not just internal ones",{"data":132237,"content":132238,"nodeType":1505},{},[132239],{"data":132240,"content":132241,"nodeType":883},{},[132242],{"data":132243,"marks":132244,"value":132245,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User spoofing can be used in novel ways to enhance social engineering that employees may not be familiar with",{"data":132247,"content":132248,"nodeType":1505},{},[132249],{"data":132250,"content":132251,"nodeType":883},{},[132252],{"data":132253,"marks":132254,"value":132255,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Link spoofing techniques can make phishing links much harder to spot and so increase social engineering success",{"data":132257,"content":132258,"nodeType":1505},{},[132259],{"data":132260,"content":132261,"nodeType":883},{},[132262],{"data":132263,"marks":132264,"value":132265,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Malicious Slack messages can be modified later to replace the phishing link to cover up the attack",{"data":132267,"content":132268,"nodeType":1505},{},[132269,132276],{"data":132270,"content":132271,"nodeType":883},{},[132272],{"data":132273,"marks":132274,"value":132275,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Slack apps, and especially bot tokens, can be used for very effective persistence techniques. Some examples:",{"data":132277,"content":132278,"nodeType":1526},{},[132279,132289],{"data":132280,"content":132281,"nodeType":1505},{},[132282],{"data":132283,"content":132284,"nodeType":883},{},[132285],{"data":132286,"marks":132287,"value":132288,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s possible to read all messages even after a compromised user changes their password",{"data":132290,"content":132291,"nodeType":1505},{},[132292],{"data":132293,"content":132294,"nodeType":883},{},[132295],{"data":132296,"marks":132297,"value":132298,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s possible to send (and spoof) messages even if the compromised user account is deleted (e.g. a disgruntled employee who is fired)",{"data":132300,"content":132301,"nodeType":1505},{},[132302,132309],{"data":132303,"content":132304,"nodeType":883},{},[132305],{"data":132306,"marks":132307,"value":132308,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Slack apps and shadow workflows can be used to conduct some fairly advanced social engineering attacks once an attack has a foothold on a Slack tenant. Some examples:",{"data":132310,"content":132311,"nodeType":1526},{},[132312,132322],{"data":132313,"content":132314,"nodeType":1505},{},[132315],{"data":132316,"content":132317,"nodeType":883},{},[132318],{"data":132319,"marks":132320,"value":132321,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Automatically phishing employees in response to common IT support questions",{"data":132323,"content":132324,"nodeType":1505},{},[132325],{"data":132326,"content":132327,"nodeType":883},{},[132328],{"data":132329,"marks":132330,"value":132331,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Multi-party spoofing for advanced social engineering",{"data":132333,"content":132334,"nodeType":912},{},[132335],{"data":132336,"marks":132337,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132339,"content":132340,"nodeType":883},{},[132341],{"data":132342,"marks":132343,"value":132344,"nodeType":867},{},[],"IM apps have become the default internal communication for most organizations now, but are now a common method of communication with external parties, as well. This means they’ll become a key battleground in both the initial access phase of compromises and the latter phases of lateral movement and persistence. ",{"data":132346,"content":132347,"nodeType":883},{},[132348],{"data":132349,"marks":132350,"value":132351,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This also means organizations reliant on traditional email security gateways and email-based phishing training are likely to see the effectiveness of these controls decrease if attacks shift to the IM apps. ",{"data":132353,"content":132354,"nodeType":883},{},[132355],{"data":132356,"marks":132357,"value":132358,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we highlighted a number of spoofing, phishing and persistence techniques that can be employed by an attacker with a foothold that has compromised an internal account on a Slack tenant in order to persist their access and perform lateral movement. In the previous article, we covered spoofing and phishing techniques that could be used by external attackers in the initial access phase to get that first foothold in the first place.",{"data":132360,"content":132361,"nodeType":883},{},[132362],{"data":132363,"marks":132364,"value":132365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While this article focused on Slack specifically, similar attacks may be possible for other IM apps as well. Going forwards, it will be important for organizations to factor in these types of attacks into their security strategies.",{"entries":132367},{"inline":132368,"hyperlink":132369,"block":132380},[],[132370,132374,132378],{"sys":132371,"__typename":1670,"title":132372,"slug":132373},{"id":111863},"Slack Attack: A phisher's guide to initial access","slack-phishing-for-initial-access",{"sys":132375,"__typename":1670,"title":132376,"slug":132377},{"id":131888},"Maintaining persistent access in a SaaS-first world","maintaining-persistent-access-in-a-saas-first-world",{"sys":132379,"__typename":1670,"title":128007,"slug":128009},{"id":127134},[132381,132383,132390,132398,132406,132414,132421,132429,132437,132444,132452,132459,132464,132470,132478],{"sys":132382,"__typename":1577,"type":56895,"ctaText":105312,"buttonLabel":105313,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":59},{"id":83090},{"sys":132384,"__typename":1584,"title":132385,"caption":132386,"layoutMode":59,"file":132387},{"id":131944},"Slack phishing 2: new make.com scenario","Creating a new scenario in make.com and picking a Slack module",{"url":132388,"width":132389,"height":120328},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1uJzr0ucaJ8MLDNMahXMB1/0283901315071d91b82b99219f63636e/image2.png",730,{"sys":132391,"__typename":1584,"title":132392,"caption":132393,"layoutMode":59,"file":132394},{"id":131971},"Slack phishing 2: picking bot connection","Picking a Slack bot connection when making the Slack integration",{"url":132395,"width":132396,"height":132397},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6WqmwIk8FjPXOyxbxED5Qi/e87f8525c1de1f7c34d2a6c15114e80d/image3.png",488,335,{"sys":132399,"__typename":1584,"title":132400,"caption":132401,"layoutMode":59,"file":132402},{"id":131977},"Slack phishing 2: OAuth2 permission","Accepting the OAuth2 permissions request for the app. Make.com still uses an app called “Integromat”, a legacy name for the company",{"url":132403,"width":132404,"height":132405},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5HVlkZQTmdiPDqv7jJehmn/fb6ebc3d0fe078a7f15a86539559a4e7/image12.png",669,554,{"sys":132407,"__typename":1584,"title":132408,"caption":132409,"layoutMode":59,"file":132410},{"id":132010},"Slack phishing 2: make.com module","Setting the module to send a message to a public slack channel as the bot account",{"url":132411,"width":132412,"height":132413},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2RbQjzfLYcwWQx69z8itqT/45f8a0019ec4ba3bbebf8075611c9a0a/image7.png",738,644,{"sys":132415,"__typename":1584,"title":132416,"caption":132417,"layoutMode":59,"file":132418},{"id":132016},"Slack phishing 2: make.com bot","Configuring the bot to use a different name and photo in order to spoof the user",{"url":132419,"width":132396,"height":132420},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1XZquRG7yPnJUkbOUqaUQp/13047e61614ab9f66ee7aba89ad0ab1b/image6.png",368,{"sys":132422,"__typename":1584,"title":132423,"caption":132424,"layoutMode":59,"file":132425},{"id":132022},"Slack phishing 2: phishing message","The phishing message sent once the scenario is run, which is almost identical in appearance to what we saw previously except for “APP” after the name",{"url":132426,"width":132427,"height":132428},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5D2bon4DWhciGqyrjW1cfF/9b3aa5dbab536a60e1fdd4eeffa16038/image5.png",1060,662,{"sys":132430,"__typename":1584,"title":132431,"caption":132432,"layoutMode":59,"file":132433},{"id":132050},"Slack phishing 2: spoof message","Sending a spoofed message without the use of a bot token allows someone to click on the user and see the original email address",{"url":132434,"width":132435,"height":132436},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/JA1ilU37q6o9dd66fPo0N/656f1e35cdbf044d5d244c703735fdac/image8.png",389,664,{"sys":132438,"__typename":1584,"title":132439,"caption":132440,"layoutMode":59,"file":132441},{"id":132056},"Slack phishing 2: spoof message with bot token","Sending a spoofed message using a bot token from make.com takes the user to the Integromat app if they click on the user, so they can’t easily see who was responsible",{"url":132442,"width":132443,"height":120335},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1WLBeP00qfcJA57SU50jhO/a925300ed74c4160df3d2c8333b9601b/image10.png",1250,{"sys":132445,"__typename":1584,"title":132446,"caption":132447,"layoutMode":59,"file":132448},{"id":132097},"Slack phishing 2: monitor for keywords","Creating a scenario to monitor public channel messages for certain keywords in order to reply with phishing messages",{"url":132449,"width":132450,"height":132451},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1vnotvKHH2WlPkaAdgnBfd/a2b62d3b74ba4dcce0ac358a53a1d563/image11.png",1260,909,{"sys":132453,"__typename":1584,"title":132454,"caption":132455,"layoutMode":59,"file":132456},{"id":132129},"Slack phishing 2: make.com response","Our make.com scenario automatically responding in a thread with a targeted phishing link from a spoofed bot user, using a spoofed link preview",{"url":132457,"width":1602,"height":132458},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4djCgzAgzmqZ6o0efkEAaW/40b304ed2373d6fec9e54a16a1ca5bad/image4.png",771,{"sys":132460,"__typename":1584,"title":132461,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":132462},{"id":132142},"Slack IT bot phishing automation demo",{"url":132463,"width":62948,"height":31913},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2DAJiJLPZ48TRTl9HVfgP4/7e1383ae8f46ae4122c75dd30c6dce6b/slack-it-bot-phishing-auotmation-demo-trimmed.webp",{"sys":132465,"__typename":1584,"title":132466,"caption":132467,"layoutMode":59,"file":132468},{"id":132155},"Slack phishing 2: technical diagram","Diagram showing the connections between the attacker, compromised Slack account and make.com",{"url":132469,"width":1602,"height":25453},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3y1xzUl7WslwtWeK7xaUMU/0162c7c512d7e054f06b73b2ff22726e/image1.png",{"sys":132471,"__typename":1584,"title":132472,"caption":132473,"layoutMode":59,"file":132474},{"id":132189},"Slack phishing 2: multi-party spoofing","Multi-party spoofing of messages for advanced social engineering internally on Slack",{"url":132475,"width":132476,"height":132477},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6RSsQoqyciS8xxEmqNAZgf/ab12b5c1777fbc574c079ca9d7ea3532/image9.png",538,214,{"sys":132479,"__typename":1577,"type":61269,"ctaText":125044,"buttonLabel":125045,"buttonColour":71730,"buttonUrl":59},{"id":86838},{"items":132481},[],{},"Phishing Slack for persistence and lateral movement","2023-10-24T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":132486},[132487,133238,134009],{"__typename":1670,"sys":132488,"content":132489,"title":132372,"synopsis":133227,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":132484,"slug":132373,"tagsCollection":133228,"authorsCollection":133234},{"id":111863},{"json":132490},{"data":132491,"content":132492,"nodeType":1569},{},[132493,132523,132530,132571,132578,132598,132604,132610,132616,132622,132628,132658,132664,132700,132706,132711,132718,132725,132732,132739,132746,132752,132759,132766,132773,132780,132786,132793,132800,132807,132814,132821,132827,132833,132840,132847,132872,132879,132886,132893,132900,132906,132912,132919,132925,132932,132939,132946,132952,132959,132966,132973,132980,132988,133000,133006,133013,133020,133026,133032,133039,133046,133053,133060,133067,133073,133080,133086,133093,133100,133107,133113,133119,133126,133165,133171,133177,133184,133191,133197,133216,133221],{"data":132494,"content":132495,"nodeType":883},{},[132496,132500,132507,132510,132520],{"data":132497,"marks":132498,"value":132499,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is the third post in a series on attack chains formed by combining techniques in the ",{"data":132501,"content":132502,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[132503],{"data":132504,"marks":132505,"value":1691,"nodeType":867},{},[132506],{"type":876},{"data":132508,"marks":132509,"value":127170,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132511,"content":132514,"nodeType":13489},{"target":132512},{"sys":132513},{"id":127134,"type":889,"linkType":890},[132515],{"data":132516,"marks":132517,"value":132519,"nodeType":867},{},[132518],{"type":876},"shadow workflows and evil twin integrations.",{"data":132521,"marks":132522,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132524,"content":132525,"nodeType":883},{},[132526],{"data":132527,"marks":132528,"value":132529,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we’ll demonstrate how instant messaging applications are an increasingly attractive target for a range of phishing and social engineering attacks. We’ll use the following SaaS attack techniques chained together:",{"data":132531,"content":132532,"nodeType":1526},{},[132533,132552],{"data":132534,"content":132535,"nodeType":1505},{},[132536],{"data":132537,"content":132538,"nodeType":883},{},[132539,132542,132549],{"data":132540,"marks":132541,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132543,"content":132544,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80906},[132545],{"data":132546,"marks":132547,"value":131598,"nodeType":867},{},[132548],{"type":876},{"data":132550,"marks":132551,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132553,"content":132554,"nodeType":1505},{},[132555],{"data":132556,"content":132557,"nodeType":883},{},[132558,132561,132568],{"data":132559,"marks":132560,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132562,"content":132563,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86163},[132564],{"data":132565,"marks":132566,"value":131618,"nodeType":867},{},[132567],{"type":876},{"data":132569,"marks":132570,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132572,"content":132573,"nodeType":883},{},[132574],{"data":132575,"marks":132576,"value":132577,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll use Slack as our primary example in this case and we’ll be primarily focused on external phishing as part of the initial access phase of the kill chain. ",{"data":132579,"content":132580,"nodeType":883},{},[132581,132584,132594],{"data":132582,"marks":132583,"value":131829,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132585,"content":132589,"nodeType":13489},{"target":132586},{"sys":132587},{"id":132588,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1hU7XNIizp4vQXsiiQmqvI",[132590],{"data":132591,"marks":132592,"value":132593,"nodeType":867},{},[],"companion article",{"data":132595,"marks":132596,"value":132597,"nodeType":867},{},[],", we’ll look at how once an attacker has a foothold on Slack, new attack possibilities open up that allow for persistence and lateral movement to be achieved.",{"data":132599,"content":132600,"nodeType":912},{},[132601],{"data":132602,"marks":132603,"value":131668,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132605,"content":132606,"nodeType":883},{},[132607],{"data":132608,"marks":132609,"value":131697,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132611,"content":132612,"nodeType":883},{},[132613],{"data":132614,"marks":132615,"value":131704,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132617,"content":132618,"nodeType":883},{},[132619],{"data":132620,"marks":132621,"value":131711,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132623,"content":132624,"nodeType":883},{},[132625],{"data":132626,"marks":132627,"value":131718,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132629,"content":132630,"nodeType":1526},{},[132631,132640,132649],{"data":132632,"content":132633,"nodeType":1505},{},[132634],{"data":132635,"content":132636,"nodeType":883},{},[132637],{"data":132638,"marks":132639,"value":131731,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132641,"content":132642,"nodeType":1505},{},[132643],{"data":132644,"content":132645,"nodeType":883},{},[132646],{"data":132647,"marks":132648,"value":131741,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132650,"content":132651,"nodeType":1505},{},[132652],{"data":132653,"content":132654,"nodeType":883},{},[132655],{"data":132656,"marks":132657,"value":131751,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132659,"content":132660,"nodeType":883},{},[132661],{"data":132662,"marks":132663,"value":131758,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132665,"content":132666,"nodeType":883},{},[132667,132670,132677,132680,132687,132690,132697],{"data":132668,"marks":132669,"value":131765,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132671,"content":132672,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131768},[132673],{"data":132674,"marks":132675,"value":131774,"nodeType":867},{},[132676],{"type":876},{"data":132678,"marks":132679,"value":131778,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132681,"content":132682,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131781},[132683],{"data":132684,"marks":132685,"value":131787,"nodeType":867},{},[132686],{"type":876},{"data":132688,"marks":132689,"value":131791,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132691,"content":132692,"nodeType":878},{"uri":131794},[132693],{"data":132694,"marks":132695,"value":131800,"nodeType":867},{},[132696],{"type":876},{"data":132698,"marks":132699,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132701,"content":132702,"nodeType":883},{},[132703],{"data":132704,"marks":132705,"value":131810,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":132707,"content":132710,"nodeType":892},{"target":132708},{"sys":132709},{"id":83090,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":132712,"content":132713,"nodeType":912},{},[132714],{"data":132715,"marks":132716,"value":132717,"nodeType":867},{},[],"IM user spoofing",{"data":132719,"content":132720,"nodeType":883},{},[132721],{"data":132722,"marks":132723,"value":132724,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first consideration is the spoofing aspect. We’ve all seen techniques for spoofing emails, but there are many security controls like Sender Policy Framework (SPF) that can prevent direct spoofing of domains and email security gateways that can flag suspicious domains.",{"data":132726,"content":132727,"nodeType":883},{},[132728],{"data":132729,"marks":132730,"value":132731,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Those security controls don’t exist for IM, so we have new options for spoofing.",{"data":132733,"content":132734,"nodeType":921},{},[132735],{"data":132736,"marks":132737,"value":132738,"nodeType":867},{},[],"External IM invites",{"data":132740,"content":132741,"nodeType":883},{},[132742],{"data":132743,"marks":132744,"value":132745,"nodeType":867},{},[],"IM applications often make use of friendly display names for organization and employee names as well as user-chosen handles. These often don’t need to be unique either. Consider the following Slack Connect request:",{"data":132747,"content":132751,"nodeType":892},{"target":132748},{"sys":132749},{"id":132750,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7MEljb1f6XzNRBEbOSsQXi",[],{"data":132753,"content":132754,"nodeType":883},{},[132755],{"data":132756,"marks":132757,"value":132758,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s not easy for a target user to tell if the user or organization requesting to connect is legitimate when they first receive this invitation. There’s also a curiosity incentive - you can’t see a first message from the user, so it’s tempting for the target user to accept in order to see the message, even if they then ignore it.",{"data":132760,"content":132761,"nodeType":883},{},[132762],{"data":132763,"marks":132764,"value":132765,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, once an attacker has got a first connection, they have cleared the first hurdle. They can now launch attacks in future, not just attacks immediately following a successful connection, after the target user has forgotten they ever connected with the attacker (more on this later).",{"data":132767,"content":132768,"nodeType":921},{},[132769],{"data":132770,"marks":132771,"value":132772,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Spoofing an internal user",{"data":132774,"content":132775,"nodeType":883},{},[132776],{"data":132777,"marks":132778,"value":132779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What’s more, there’s nothing stopping an external attacker from impersonating internal users/employees too. This is especially a concern if an attacker can social engineer their way into being invited into a channel.",{"data":132781,"content":132785,"nodeType":892},{"target":132782},{"sys":132783},{"id":132784,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5TaP25v80xMkA5e33yFIfX",[],{"data":132787,"content":132788,"nodeType":883},{},[132789],{"data":132790,"marks":132791,"value":132792,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While this particular example is less likely to be successful in a small channel, it’s much more of a concern if they change their user identity to replicate an internal employee or teammate and then direct message a member of the channel. DMing an individual channel member doesn’t require a new Slack connect invite so it’s much easier for an unsuspecting target to fall victim to social engineering in this way. ",{"data":132794,"content":132795,"nodeType":921},{},[132796],{"data":132797,"marks":132798,"value":132799,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Chameleon attack",{"data":132801,"content":132802,"nodeType":883},{},[132803],{"data":132804,"marks":132805,"value":132806,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A particularly interesting external attack capability is that an attacker can act as a chameleon and change their identity over time. Let’s say an external attacker achieves a successful connection with a potential target as an external entity. Maybe they exchange some innocuous communications and then leave the conversation to die. Perhaps the target even has Slack message retention settings enabled that delete the chat history after 90 days.",{"data":132808,"content":132809,"nodeType":883},{},[132810],{"data":132811,"marks":132812,"value":132813,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker bides their time and then in the future, they completely change their Slack identity to impersonate an internal user and message the target again. The connection is already present so the message will come through like any other message, only this time it will appear from a completely different identity. It’s quite possible that the target could be fooled into believing the message is from the internal user. ",{"data":132815,"content":132816,"nodeType":883},{},[132817],{"data":132818,"marks":132819,"value":132820,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This could be particularly dangerous in CEO fraud attacks. An attacker could forge connections with finance employees ahead of time for seemingly legitimate and innocuous means and then later use those to send Slack messages spoofing the CEO.",{"data":132822,"content":132826,"nodeType":892},{"target":132823},{"sys":132824},{"id":132825,"type":889,"linkType":890},"51TYXiOwQw0D6BYCzu0em4",[],{"data":132828,"content":132832,"nodeType":892},{"target":132829},{"sys":132830},{"id":132831,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6ZQ6iFu11NnXOP4EMAgxji",[],{"data":132834,"content":132835,"nodeType":883},{},[132836],{"data":132837,"marks":132838,"value":132839,"nodeType":867},{},[],"All the examples given so far are possible as an external attacker making Slack connect invites, so they work as the initial access phase of the kill chain. However, if an attacker gains control of an internal Slack user account for the target tenant, or the attacker is a malicious insider (e.g. a disgruntled employee), then they don’t even need to worry about achieving an initial connection request. Under a default configuration, they could change their name and photo to impersonate the CEO immediately and message anyone they like. However, this is moving into the lateral movement phase of the kill chain.",{"data":132841,"content":132842,"nodeType":912},{},[132843],{"data":132844,"marks":132845,"value":132846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Link preview spoofing",{"data":132848,"content":132849,"nodeType":883},{},[132850,132854,132859,132863,132868],{"data":132851,"marks":132852,"value":132853,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another key issue is link preview spoofing. HTML allows a variety of ways to specify hyperlinks. In email, secure email gateways will often alert or block commonly abused types, such as forging a different URL as the link display text to what the underlying link points to. For example, an attacker could show the link as ",{"data":132855,"marks":132856,"value":132858,"nodeType":867},{},[132857],{"type":876},"https://www.google.com",{"data":132860,"marks":132861,"value":132862,"nodeType":867},{},[]," but direct it to ",{"data":132864,"marks":132865,"value":132867,"nodeType":867},{},[132866],{"type":876},"https://www.evil.com",{"data":132869,"marks":132870,"value":132871,"nodeType":867},{},[]," when it is clicked. Secure email gateways often perform a lot of other analysis of links, including domain analysis and active crawling to identify common phishing attacks.",{"data":132873,"content":132874,"nodeType":883},{},[132875],{"data":132876,"marks":132877,"value":132878,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On IM applications, however, this same standard of link analysis is not always present and the widespread introduction of link unfurling/previewing has also given additional options for spoofing links to hide their true source and increase social engineering success. ",{"data":132880,"content":132881,"nodeType":921},{},[132882],{"data":132883,"marks":132884,"value":132885,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Traditional link forging",{"data":132887,"content":132888,"nodeType":883},{},[132889],{"data":132890,"marks":132891,"value":132892,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ll start with a common traditional link forging scenario to see how Slack handles that, then show how link previews change the threat.",{"data":132894,"content":132895,"nodeType":883},{},[132896],{"data":132897,"marks":132898,"value":132899,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here, we can see forging a link is permitted by Slack, but at least the real domain is shown to the user along with an overt warning.",{"data":132901,"content":132905,"nodeType":892},{"target":132902},{"sys":132903},{"id":132904,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3SDhqamQqXLfFqD8W1b37V",[],{"data":132907,"content":132911,"nodeType":892},{"target":132908},{"sys":132909},{"id":132910,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5yfDUdZ4F6zrp7AGnMGD5b",[],{"data":132913,"content":132914,"nodeType":883},{},[132915],{"data":132916,"marks":132917,"value":132918,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the other hand, if we use friendly text to mask the true URL, we no longer get a warning when clicking the link. However, it’s still possible to see the real URL via a mouseover, so this doesn’t really differ from traditional email phishing scenarios. Without any context of the link, it’s likely a security conscious user will hover-over to see what the link points to.",{"data":132920,"content":132924,"nodeType":892},{"target":132921},{"sys":132922},{"id":132923,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3KCRJ9HIJimLX9vzJVHq1C",[],{"data":132926,"content":132927,"nodeType":921},{},[132928],{"data":132929,"marks":132930,"value":132931,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Abusing link previews using an internal account ",{"data":132933,"content":132934,"nodeType":883},{},[132935],{"data":132936,"marks":132937,"value":132938,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It gets more interesting when we use links that Slack is able to unfurl to provide a link preview. We’re going to show how this works with full link previews first. By default, full previews only show for messages from internal users. To make the explanation easier, we’ll show full previews first but then we’ll show the difference with limited previews in external messages afterwards and thus show how it impacts external phishing attacks in the initial access phase.",{"data":132940,"content":132941,"nodeType":883},{},[132942],{"data":132943,"marks":132944,"value":132945,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here we’ll show a legitimate example of posting one of our own blogs where Slack helpfully unfurls the URL and gives some context to the link as a preview:",{"data":132947,"content":132951,"nodeType":892},{"target":132948},{"sys":132949},{"id":132950,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7nknMRtdXGlupYom31kKor",[],{"data":132953,"content":132954,"nodeType":883},{},[132955],{"data":132956,"marks":132957,"value":132958,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is very useful for the user and, despite the fact you can still see the real link clearly via a hover-over, a user is much less likely to check a link when they’ve already had a seemingly legitimate preview context displayed to them. ",{"data":132960,"content":132961,"nodeType":883},{},[132962],{"data":132963,"marks":132964,"value":132965,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, how can we use this scenario maliciously?",{"data":132967,"content":132968,"nodeType":883},{},[132969],{"data":132970,"marks":132971,"value":132972,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The obvious attack scenario is to minimize the link display text so it’s not noticeable and hard to hover-over and then forge a different link preview for Slack than what is given to the user when they click the link. Then when the user clicks the link, they’ll be directed to our phishing page instead. ",{"data":132974,"content":132975,"nodeType":883},{},[132976],{"data":132977,"marks":132978,"value":132979,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We can do this through using a single character as the link display text and then performing user agent specific processing of web requests. For example, Slack unfurling uses a user agent like the following:",{"data":132981,"content":132982,"nodeType":883},{},[132983],{"data":132984,"marks":132985,"value":132987,"nodeType":867},{},[132986],{"type":85576},"Slackbot-LinkExpanding 1.0 (+https://api.slack.com/robots)",{"data":132989,"content":132990,"nodeType":883},{},[132991,132995],{"data":132992,"marks":132993,"value":132994,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Therefore, without even requiring much sophistication, we can use some simple python code to perform a redirect to a legitimate source when our web request handler sees this user agent. However, when a target user visits using a normal web browser we instead return a malicious page. The example python code below redirects to benign content for a Slack preview, while serving malicious content otherwise:",{"data":132996,"marks":132997,"value":132999,"nodeType":867},{},[132998],{"type":910},"    ",{"data":133001,"content":133005,"nodeType":892},{"target":133002},{"sys":133003},{"id":133004,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4VHFyInQfa3tdvJO4rnnQL",[],{"data":133007,"content":133008,"nodeType":883},{},[133009],{"data":133010,"marks":133011,"value":133012,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The end result of this is that the user sees a nice friendly link preview legitimately produced by Slack and Google Docs in real time, whereas if they click the link they’ll be taken to our phishing page instead. ",{"data":133014,"content":133015,"nodeType":883},{},[133016],{"data":133017,"marks":133018,"value":133019,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, we have shown a Google style phishing page as an example for harvesting credentials. Hopefully, the user will assume their Google Docs session expired and then re-enter their credentials. See what the target user would see below:",{"data":133021,"content":133025,"nodeType":892},{"target":133022},{"sys":133023},{"id":133024,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3QaFhW1otbJpzMI9ff5R4F",[],{"data":133027,"content":133031,"nodeType":892},{"target":133028},{"sys":133029},{"id":133030,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6ZFu92OSmI7miSGz8QwwtV",[],{"data":133033,"content":133034,"nodeType":883},{},[133035],{"data":133036,"marks":133037,"value":133038,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using a small period as the display text for the hyperlink means it is difficult for the user to notice and hover-over to see Slack pop-up the true domain as we saw earlier. While they can still hover over the link preview itself, this only shows the real domain in the taskbar in the bottom left, which is only noticeable if you intentionally look for it. ",{"data":133040,"content":133041,"nodeType":883},{},[133042],{"data":133043,"marks":133044,"value":133045,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Given normal links in Slack show the domain above the mouse, users aren’t used to looking for the link here and, combined with the friendly link preview, it’s much less likely a target user will realize this is a phishing attack.",{"data":133047,"content":133048,"nodeType":921},{},[133049],{"data":133050,"marks":133051,"value":133052,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Abusing link previews with an external account ",{"data":133054,"content":133055,"nodeType":883},{},[133056],{"data":133057,"marks":133058,"value":133059,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What we’ve just shown is the behavior for a message from an internal user. Slack doesn’t fully unfurl a link by default, however, if this was combined with external messaging as we saw earlier. It does still show a partial link preview though and therefore this attack is still possible.",{"data":133061,"content":133062,"nodeType":883},{},[133063],{"data":133064,"marks":133065,"value":133066,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The only real difference is it doesn’t show the image part of the preview and, instead, shows a notice to the user that it’s external and gives them the option to click to show the image preview as well. If the user clicks to show the image preview, it converts to the same full preview with the image we saw above. In this case, we can see an example of chaining the original external user spoofing attack with a link preview spoofing attack below:",{"data":133068,"content":133072,"nodeType":892},{"target":133069},{"sys":133070},{"id":133071,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4IkX0LI0bB36CxNlHYHRHs",[],{"data":133074,"content":133075,"nodeType":883},{},[133076],{"data":133077,"marks":133078,"value":133079,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While this is slightly more problematic for an attacker than the internal functionality for link previews, it’s still very useful as a social engineering technique and arguably the option to click “just show this one” adds to the legitimacy. The reason is the user may use this as a way to get context on what the link is, instead of looking for the underlying URL. Otherwise, clicking the link still takes the user to the phishing page without any other warnings the same as for internal messages.",{"data":133081,"content":133085,"nodeType":892},{"target":133082},{"sys":133083},{"id":133084,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2ug8ozbhRM3Xg8nhasJ1er",[],{"data":133087,"content":133088,"nodeType":921},{},[133089],{"data":133090,"marks":133091,"value":133092,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Cleaning your tracks",{"data":133094,"content":133095,"nodeType":883},{},[133096],{"data":133097,"marks":133098,"value":133099,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ok, so let’s say an attacker has either successfully phished the target user or perhaps now the user is suspicious and likely contacting security or IT. One of the great benefits of IM apps is you can generally edit and delete messages, which can be abused by an attacker.",{"data":133101,"content":133102,"nodeType":883},{},[133103],{"data":133104,"marks":133105,"value":133106,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As an attacker, I could make a tiny change to my message to replace the malicious link with the legitimate link I was spoofing for the link preview if I got the sense the target was getting suspicious. Then, if an incident responder comes to investigate, the malicious link is now gone and the message itself appears identical, covering my tracks. Other than being able to see the message has been edited, it’s no longer easy to see this was a phishing attack or where the phishing link pointed to. This is definitely a useful capability that isn’t usually possible with email phishing! \n\nSee this minor change reflected below, making the original phishing message appear innocuous due to the replacement of the phishing URL with a legitimate URL:",{"data":133108,"content":133112,"nodeType":892},{"target":133109},{"sys":133110},{"id":133111,"type":889,"linkType":890},"32lWR3sObuIYvhSDUPIPAh",[],{"data":133114,"content":133115,"nodeType":912},{},[133116],{"data":133117,"marks":133118,"value":20576,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":133120,"content":133121,"nodeType":883},{},[133122],{"data":133123,"marks":133124,"value":133125,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve covered a lot of ground here, showing the chaining of external user spoofing attacks with link preview spoofing and also how to cover your tracks afterwards. It’s worth taking a step back and considering the key impact points:",{"data":133127,"content":133128,"nodeType":1526},{},[133129,133138,133147,133156],{"data":133130,"content":133131,"nodeType":1505},{},[133132],{"data":133133,"content":133134,"nodeType":883},{},[133135],{"data":133136,"marks":133137,"value":132235,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":133139,"content":133140,"nodeType":1505},{},[133141],{"data":133142,"content":133143,"nodeType":883},{},[133144],{"data":133145,"marks":133146,"value":132245,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":133148,"content":133149,"nodeType":1505},{},[133150],{"data":133151,"content":133152,"nodeType":883},{},[133153],{"data":133154,"marks":133155,"value":132255,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":133157,"content":133158,"nodeType":1505},{},[133159],{"data":133160,"content":133161,"nodeType":883},{},[133162],{"data":133163,"marks":133164,"value":132265,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":133166,"content":133167,"nodeType":912},{},[133168],{"data":133169,"marks":133170,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":133172,"content":133173,"nodeType":883},{},[133174],{"data":133175,"marks":133176,"value":132344,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":133178,"content":133179,"nodeType":883},{},[133180],{"data":133181,"marks":133182,"value":133183,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This also means organizations reliant on traditional email security gateways and email-based phishing training are likely to see the effectiveness of these controls decrease if attacks shift to the IM apps.",{"data":133185,"content":133186,"nodeType":883},{},[133187],{"data":133188,"marks":133189,"value":133190,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we highlighted a number of spoofing and phishing strategies that can be employed by external attackers to target an organization using Slack in the initial access phase of the kill chain. In the next article, we’ll look at how once an attacker has a foothold on Slack, new attack possibilities open up that allow for persistence and lateral movement to be achieved.",{"data":133192,"content":133193,"nodeType":883},{},[133194],{"data":133195,"marks":133196,"value":132365,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":133198,"content":133199,"nodeType":883},{},[133200,133204,133212],{"data":133201,"marks":133202,"value":133203,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In our ",{"data":133205,"content":133208,"nodeType":13489},{"target":133206},{"sys":133207},{"id":132588,"type":889,"linkType":890},[133209],{"data":133210,"marks":133211,"value":132593,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":133213,"marks":133214,"value":133215,"nodeType":867},{},[],", we’ll talk about how to use Slack to gain persistence and move laterally across the 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More SaaS = More identities = More opportunities for attackers",{"data":134594,"content":134595,"nodeType":883},{},[134596],{"data":134597,"marks":134598,"value":134599,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another finding from the survey is that 52% of respondents said the adoption of more cloud applications is driving an increase in the number of identities. As employees sign up for SaaS and cloud applications on their own, they’re adding more assets and identities to your attack surface. They’re also adding more third-party vendors to your supply chain. ",{"data":134601,"content":134602,"nodeType":883},{},[134603],{"data":134604,"marks":134605,"value":134606,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can see how quickly identity management can become difficult to manage and a really juicy new attack surface for attackers. On average, teams use 40-60 apps for work. If they’re not using a social login (“Signup with Google” or “Signup with Microsoft”), it’s not just the SaaS accounts that are exploding but also the number of identities security and IT have to track, monitor, and secure. Add in sharing credentials across the team and password reuse that was mentioned earlier, and the scope of the problem explodes pretty quickly.",{"data":134608,"content":134609,"nodeType":921},{},[134610],{"data":134611,"marks":134612,"value":134613,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Doesn’t SSO solve this?",{"data":134615,"content":134616,"nodeType":883},{},[134617],{"data":134618,"marks":134619,"value":134620,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO is the ideal, gold standard solution for managing your SaaS security risks. The big issue is that very, very few apps, particularly the smaller ones most of the employees in your company will be signing up for, offer SSO integrations. ",{"data":134622,"content":134623,"nodeType":883},{},[134624],{"data":134625,"marks":134626,"value":134627,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we looked at the apps we cover, only 30% of them offered SAML SSO integrations. For the other 70% of apps, SSO isn’t even an option.",{"data":134629,"content":134630,"nodeType":883},{},[134631,134635,134646],{"data":134632,"marks":134633,"value":134634,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Making things worse, of those few apps that did offer SAML SSO as a feature, they offered it as a paid feature that you can only access at a high pricing tier, typically Enterprise or the highest pricing tier. This is known in the industry as the “SSO tax.” So, at the moment, this means SAML SSO isn’t a practical option for most apps. We wrote much more on this ",{"data":134636,"content":134640,"nodeType":13489},{"target":134637},{"sys":134638},{"id":134639,"type":889,"linkType":890},"tkUfN6TKuYyVNYDpsGWrE",[134641],{"data":134642,"marks":134643,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[134644],{"type":876},"here",{"data":134647,"marks":134648,"value":134649,"nodeType":867},{},[]," as well.",{"data":134651,"content":134652,"nodeType":883},{},[134653,134657,134662,134666,134676],{"data":134654,"marks":134655,"value":134656,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many more apps offer social logins (“Login with Google” - aka OIDC SSO), and while this isn’t quite as good as SAML, it’s a far better option than local passwords for each SaaS app. ",{"data":134658,"marks":134659,"value":134661,"nodeType":867},{},[134660],{"type":910},"Our advice is you should prefer social logins over usernames and passwords wherever possible",{"data":134663,"marks":134664,"value":134665,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Read more about that ",{"data":134667,"content":134671,"nodeType":13489},{"target":134668},{"sys":134669},{"id":134670,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1pbtctbbJRqLuz8dOsecOt",[134672],{"data":134673,"marks":134674,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[134675],{"type":876},{"data":134677,"marks":134678,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":134680,"content":134681,"nodeType":912},{},[134682],{"data":134683,"marks":134684,"value":134685,"nodeType":867},{},[],"4. Organizations know they need to secure identities, but struggle to stay ahead of the sprawl",{"data":134687,"content":134688,"nodeType":883},{},[134689],{"data":134690,"marks":134691,"value":134692,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the IDSA report, survey respondents were asked to consider how they would improve identity security going forward, after experiencing damage to the business from attack(s). ",{"data":134694,"content":134698,"nodeType":892},{"target":134695},{"sys":134696},{"id":134697,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1xmO3ndyH1Px7BWKcUYpz9",[],{"data":134700,"content":134701,"nodeType":883},{},[134702,134707,134715],{"data":134703,"marks":134704,"value":134706,"nodeType":867},{},[134705],{"type":2278},"Source: ",{"data":134708,"content":134709,"nodeType":878},{"uri":134490},[134710],{"data":134711,"marks":134712,"value":134490,"nodeType":867},{},[134713,134714],{"type":876},{"type":2278},{"data":134716,"marks":134717,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":134719,"content":134720,"nodeType":883},{},[134721,134725,134735],{"data":134722,"marks":134723,"value":134724,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At the top of that list (42%) was basic multi-factor authentication (MFA) implementation for all employees. That sounds like a simple task, but when you’re staring down a list of all of your IT-managed cloud apps and adding all those work apps that employees have signed up for on their own (each of these unmanaged employee-adopted SaaS applications are known as a shadow identity, more on that ",{"data":134726,"content":134730,"nodeType":13489},{"target":134727},{"sys":134728},{"id":134729,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1I9skXuLjbdjnc6rAVkaS3",[134731],{"data":134732,"marks":134733,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[134734],{"type":876},{"data":134736,"marks":134737,"value":134738,"nodeType":867},{},[],"), it can feel like an impossible task.",{"data":134740,"content":134741,"nodeType":883},{},[134742],{"data":134743,"marks":134744,"value":134745,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s where tools (like Push) can help. We work directly with employees via ChatOps to help them harden their identities by turning on MFA and creating stronger, unique passwords for the apps they’ve signed up for with credentials. ",{"data":134747,"content":134751,"nodeType":892},{"target":134748},{"sys":134749},{"id":134750,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7sDZGdgD6auvjWvFKvpNUJ",[],{"data":134753,"content":134754,"nodeType":883},{},[134755,134759,134767],{"data":134756,"marks":134757,"value":134758,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Read more about this feature ",{"data":134760,"content":134762,"nodeType":878},{"uri":134761},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/mfa-and-password-manager-adoption/",[134763],{"data":134764,"marks":134765,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[134766],{"type":876},{"data":134768,"marks":134769,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":134771,"content":134772,"nodeType":912},{},[134773],{"data":134774,"marks":134775,"value":134776,"nodeType":867},{},[],"5. Reviewing who and what can access corporate data is a top concern",{"data":134778,"content":134779,"nodeType":883},{},[134780],{"data":134781,"marks":134782,"value":134783,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The next priority on that list of how to mitigate identity-related attacks was “more timely reviews of access to sensitive data.”",{"data":134785,"content":134786,"nodeType":883},{},[134787],{"data":134788,"marks":134789,"value":134790,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Each SaaS app, cloud app, and OAuth integration needs to interact with business data and systems in some way, either by the employee granting access in initial permissions consent flows during signup or by administrators consenting as part of onboarding centralized cloud platforms for the organization.",{"data":134792,"content":134793,"nodeType":883},{},[134794],{"data":134795,"marks":134796,"value":134797,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similar to MFA adoption across all the apps, tracking and managing all the accounts, applications, and integrations to your core work platforms can feel overwhelming. ",{"data":134799,"content":134800,"nodeType":883},{},[134801],{"data":134802,"marks":134803,"value":134804,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In order to access risk and review access to sensitive data, you need an automated way to:",{"data":134806,"content":134807,"nodeType":1526},{},[134808,134818],{"data":134809,"content":134810,"nodeType":1505},{},[134811],{"data":134812,"content":134813,"nodeType":883},{},[134814],{"data":134815,"marks":134816,"value":134817,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Find the work apps employees are using because they interact with corporate data and,",{"data":134819,"content":134820,"nodeType":1505},{},[134821],{"data":134822,"content":134823,"nodeType":883},{},[134824],{"data":134825,"marks":134826,"value":134827,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Quickly understand what data each app or integration can access",{"data":134829,"content":134830,"nodeType":883},{},[134831],{"data":134832,"marks":134833,"value":134834,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With this information, you can make better decisions about whether to accept the risk these apps and integrations present to their business - balancing security risk and internal resources for auditing, monitoring and hardening these identities, while not becoming a blocker to the overall business.",{"data":134836,"content":134837,"nodeType":912},{},[134838],{"data":134839,"marks":134840,"value":134841,"nodeType":867},{},[],"6. Organizations perceive internal hurdles to secure identities",{"data":134843,"content":134844,"nodeType":883},{},[134845],{"data":134846,"marks":134847,"value":134848,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the more telling takeaways from the report is that respondents don’t feel that they’re armed and ready to secure identities. They cited the following concerns:",{"data":134850,"content":134854,"nodeType":892},{"target":134851},{"sys":134852},{"id":134853,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5Db5gG8JeV3U6tT2eHFmvh",[],{"data":134856,"content":134857,"nodeType":883},{},[134858],{"data":134859,"marks":134860,"value":134861,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The top two issues identified were issues of complexity, both in the identity frameworks themselves and with the organization’s technology stack.",{"data":134863,"content":134864,"nodeType":883},{},[134865],{"data":134866,"marks":134867,"value":134868,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The other issues are concerns we hear fairly often in this industry: no budget, not enough internal expertise, and not enough manpower and time.",{"data":134870,"content":134871,"nodeType":883},{},[134872],{"data":134873,"marks":134874,"value":134875,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the next section, we’ll explore how Push can help address each of these barriers to securing identities.",{"data":134877,"content":134878,"nodeType":912},{},[134879],{"data":134880,"marks":134881,"value":134882,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Overcome these barriers with Push",{"data":134884,"content":134885,"nodeType":883},{},[134886],{"data":134887,"marks":134888,"value":134890,"nodeType":867},{},[134889],{"type":910},"Barrier #1: Identity frameworks are complicated with multiple vendors and different architectures",{"data":134892,"content":134893,"nodeType":883},{},[134894,134898,134908],{"data":134895,"marks":134896,"value":134897,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push tracks where your identity providers (IdPs) are being used across your cloud environment, including popular managed IdPs like Google, Microsoft and Okta that use SAML and OIDC (",{"data":134899,"content":134902,"nodeType":13489},{"target":134900},{"sys":134901},{"id":134670,"type":889,"linkType":890},[134903],{"data":134904,"marks":134905,"value":134907,"nodeType":867},{},[134906],{"type":876},"aka “social login”",{"data":134909,"marks":134910,"value":134911,"nodeType":867},{},[],") SSO, as well as custom or self-hosted IdPs like Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS).",{"data":134913,"content":134914,"nodeType":883},{},[134915,134920,134923],{"data":134916,"marks":134917,"value":134919,"nodeType":867},{},[134918],{"type":910},"Barrier #2:",{"data":134921,"marks":134922,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":134924,"marks":134925,"value":134927,"nodeType":867},{},[134926],{"type":910},"Our technology environment is very complex",{"data":134929,"content":134930,"nodeType":883},{},[134931],{"data":134932,"marks":134933,"value":134934,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push gives you visibility of all your cloud identities, no matter how decentralized or interconnected your cloud environment is.",{"data":134936,"content":134937,"nodeType":883},{},[134938],{"data":134939,"marks":134940,"value":134942,"nodeType":867},{},[134941],{"type":910},"Barrier #3: Insufficient budget",{"data":134944,"content":134945,"nodeType":883},{},[134946],{"data":134947,"marks":134948,"value":134949,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push is cost effective for organizations of all sizes. You pay per employee, regardless of how many identities they have or apps they use. Many organizations have purchased Push before getting an IdP like Okta because it is a more cost effective way of securing identities.",{"data":134951,"content":134952,"nodeType":883},{},[134953,134958],{"data":134954,"marks":134955,"value":134957,"nodeType":867},{},[134956],{"type":910},"Barrier #4: Lack of expertise",{"data":134959,"marks":134960,"value":10852,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":134962,"content":134963,"nodeType":883},{},[134964],{"data":134965,"marks":134966,"value":134967,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push is surprisingly simple to use. Roll out the browser extension using MDM, Push will give you instant visibility. You just need to decide which automated remediation workflows you want to turn on.",{"data":134969,"content":134970,"nodeType":883},{},[134971,134976],{"data":134972,"marks":134973,"value":134975,"nodeType":867},{},[134974],{"type":910},"Barrier #5: Not enough people",{"data":134977,"marks":134978,"value":10852,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":134980,"content":134981,"nodeType":883},{},[134982],{"data":134983,"marks":134984,"value":134985,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push doesn’t just find more issues, it also fixes them. When Push detects a security issue, it automatically engages the identity owner and guides them to self-remediate the issue. This makes Push totally scalable and frees-up your security team.",{"data":134987,"content":134988,"nodeType":883},{},[134989,134992,135001],{"data":134990,"marks":134991,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":134993,"content":134995,"nodeType":878},{"uri":134994},"https://pushsecurity.com/product/#top",[134996],{"data":134997,"marks":134998,"value":135000,"nodeType":867},{},[134999],{"type":876},"Learn more about how we can help",{"data":135002,"marks":135003,"value":81123,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":135005,"content":135006,"nodeType":912},{},[135007],{"data":135008,"marks":135009,"value":135010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push helps you see which third parties have access to your data ",{"data":135012,"content":135013,"nodeType":883},{},[135014],{"data":135015,"marks":135016,"value":135017,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To manage both identity and data sprawl, lean on a good identity security solution like Push to: ",{"data":135019,"content":135020,"nodeType":921},{},[135021],{"data":135022,"marks":135023,"value":135024,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Track which apps have access to your corporate data ",{"data":135026,"content":135027,"nodeType":883},{},[135028],{"data":135029,"marks":135030,"value":135031,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Find the apps your employees are using, testing, or trialing and the associated digital identities they’ve created, and then see what data those apps were given access to by the employee:",{"data":135033,"content":135037,"nodeType":892},{"target":135034},{"sys":135035},{"id":135036,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7kdGdM2MAn7HezkvUYlBP1",[],{"data":135039,"content":135040,"nodeType":921},{},[135041],{"data":135042,"marks":135043,"value":135044,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detect new apps employees sign up for",{"data":135046,"content":135047,"nodeType":883},{},[135048],{"data":135049,"marks":135050,"value":135051,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By catching these signups early, you can quickly check out the third-party app vendor before employees give those apps even more corporate data than they did just by signing up and testing the app:",{"data":135053,"content":135057,"nodeType":892},{"target":135054},{"sys":135055},{"id":135056,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1jIJX2NQZWcE6IMX85P2q6",[],{"data":135059,"content":135060,"nodeType":883},{},[135061,135065,135073],{"data":135062,"marks":135063,"value":135064,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can then also use Push to work automatically with your employees to harden their accounts. Much more information on there ",{"data":135066,"content":135068,"nodeType":878},{"uri":135067},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/cloud-data-sprawl/",[135069],{"data":135070,"marks":135071,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[135072],{"type":876},{"data":135074,"marks":135075,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":135077,"content":135081,"nodeType":892},{"target":135078},{"sys":135079},{"id":135080,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3PpYZZ4DSBZqykD0zYF8QI",[],{"data":135083,"content":135084,"nodeType":883},{},[135085,135089],{"data":135086,"marks":135087,"value":135088,"nodeType":867},{},[],"G",{"data":135090,"marks":135091,"value":135092,"nodeType":867},{},[],"rab a spot in our calendars so we can run through how Push can help with your specific needs and requirements by booking a quick demo.",{"data":135094,"content":135097,"nodeType":892},{"target":135095},{"sys":135096},{"id":83090,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":135099,"content":135100,"nodeType":883},{},[135101],{"data":135102,"marks":135103,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":135105},{"inline":135106,"hyperlink":135107,"block":135120},[],[135108,135112,135116],{"sys":135109,"__typename":1670,"title":135110,"slug":135111},{"id":134639},"The no-jargon guide to solving shadow SaaS ","protect-your-data-across-all-your-apps-even-the-ones-employees-use-without",{"sys":135113,"__typename":1670,"title":135114,"slug":135115},{"id":134670},"Should I let my employees login with their work Google account?","should-i-let-my-employees-login-with-their-work-google-account",{"sys":135117,"__typename":1670,"title":135118,"slug":135119},{"id":134729},"Get out of the dark: Manage the risk of shadow identities","what-are-shadow-identities",[135121,135128,135135,135142,135150,135158,135166],{"sys":135122,"__typename":1584,"title":135123,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":135124},{"id":134697},"Identity solutions survey",{"url":135125,"width":135126,"height":135127},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4ZYf1bG2qXgbJmobA8E9sd/ebba20b5fb48cd86cf5e89c8ce27b30f/image1.png",1432,870,{"sys":135129,"__typename":1584,"title":135130,"caption":135131,"layoutMode":59,"file":135132},{"id":134750},"ChatOps for MFA O365","Push message to an employee who hasn’t enabled MFA on their account",{"url":135133,"width":17,"height":135134},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6VOROrUEfy4WGtwTd75Wrx/55e58fca286d08ef337542f8c93139eb/image3.png",187,{"sys":135136,"__typename":1584,"title":135137,"caption":135138,"layoutMode":59,"file":135139},{"id":134853},"IDSA identity security barriers","Survey respondents perceive these barriers as restricting how much they can do for identity security in their organization",{"url":135140,"width":135141,"height":94692},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/54GsdMeP1NGPtTDwqLMdig/19a76d323db84b812409a702565ab9e1/Screenshot_2023-09-25_at_13.52.07.png",1840,{"sys":135143,"__typename":1584,"title":135144,"caption":135145,"layoutMode":59,"file":135146},{"id":135036},"SaaS dash for IDSA blog","SaaS dashboard with app owner and accounts in the organization",{"url":135147,"width":135148,"height":135149},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/VSE6jxxgzRxWl3orrYOD8/126b89e9767c1860405c5c7adcf9d2e7/image7.png",1234,914,{"sys":135151,"__typename":1584,"title":135152,"caption":135153,"layoutMode":59,"file":135154},{"id":135056},"New SaaS channel message ","Get channel messages to your team when an employee signs up for a new SaaS app or creates a new identity",{"url":135155,"width":135156,"height":135157},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7F7AHs0NO5c89q827QFxQK/be73dc7359bc0087dcf5f7e9a1bcf394/image4.png",1216,862,{"sys":135159,"__typename":1584,"title":135160,"caption":135161,"layoutMode":59,"file":135162},{"id":135080},"Account dashboard + Chatops MFA","See all accounts in your organization and allow Push to work directly with employees to harden their accounts",{"url":135163,"width":135164,"height":135165},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4L3L4o9Hyf7kUWbcShsxoZ/8e6ed95c833fb42418d5dd886543ba5a/image2.png",1388,1113,{"sys":135167,"__typename":1577,"type":56895,"ctaText":105312,"buttonLabel":105313,"buttonColour":1581,"buttonUrl":59},{"id":83090},{"items":135169},[],{},"Surprising takeaways from an identity-based attacks report","2023-10-03T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":135174},[135175,135701],{"__typename":1670,"sys":135176,"content":135177,"title":135118,"synopsis":135683,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":135684,"slug":135119,"tagsCollection":135685,"authorsCollection":135693},{"id":134729},{"json":135178},{"data":135179,"content":135180,"nodeType":1569},{},[135181,135187,135194,135201,135208,135215,135240,135252,135273,135280,135287,135302,135309,135316,135323,135330,135337,135344,135350,135357,135435,135442,135448,135455,135462,135483,135490,135497,135520,135540,135547,135554,135587,135593,135600,135620,135627,135634,135656,135662,135669,135676],{"data":135182,"content":135183,"nodeType":912},{},[135184],{"data":135185,"marks":135186,"value":120961,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":135188,"content":135189,"nodeType":883},{},[135190],{"data":135191,"marks":135192,"value":135193,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Employees are signing up to cloud apps on their own every day in their organizations. When they sign up with a password, they have created a new account and a new identity on that app. ",{"data":135195,"content":135196,"nodeType":883},{},[135197],{"data":135198,"marks":135199,"value":135200,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Why both? If they had instead clicked on “Signup with Google,” they would have created a new account, but would have been using their Google identity that already exists. ",{"data":135202,"content":135203,"nodeType":921},{},[135204],{"data":135205,"marks":135206,"value":135207,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Types of identities",{"data":135209,"content":135210,"nodeType":883},{},[135211],{"data":135212,"marks":135213,"value":135214,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This informally introduces the concept of an identity provider - a place that stores primary identity information (including email address, password and other profile information).",{"data":135216,"content":135217,"nodeType":883},{},[135218,135222,135227,135231,135236],{"data":135219,"marks":135220,"value":135221,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When someone creates a new account with a password, a new ",{"data":135223,"marks":135224,"value":135226,"nodeType":867},{},[135225],{"type":2278},"local identity",{"data":135228,"marks":135229,"value":135230,"nodeType":867},{},[]," has been created. In contrast, they probably use a ",{"data":135232,"marks":135233,"value":135235,"nodeType":867},{},[135234],{"type":2278},"centralized identity",{"data":135237,"marks":135238,"value":135239,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to access business email and other core business apps. This means that the number of accounts and number of identities that an employee has are probably different.",{"data":135241,"content":135242,"nodeType":883},{},[135243,135248],{"data":135244,"marks":135245,"value":135247,"nodeType":867},{},[135246],{"type":2278},"Local identities",{"data":135249,"marks":135250,"value":135251,"nodeType":867},{},[]," are often unknown by security/IT teams as there are no easy observation points for them. These local identities, which employees create to sign up for new tools that help them with their job, can also open the door to potential breaches if not secured properly. ",{"data":135253,"content":135254,"nodeType":883},{},[135255,135258,135269],{"data":135256,"marks":135257,"value":131829,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":135259,"content":135263,"nodeType":13489},{"target":135260},{"sys":135261},{"id":135262,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3eCWNBg1avThJNsZSwaq1y",[135264],{"data":135265,"marks":135266,"value":135268,"nodeType":867},{},[135267],{"type":876},"shared responsibility model",{"data":135270,"marks":135271,"value":135272,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of cloud security, most apps only require that organizations secure user accounts and the vendor takes care of the rest. But how do security teams secure identities that they don’t even know about? ",{"data":135274,"content":135275,"nodeType":883},{},[135276],{"data":135277,"marks":135278,"value":135279,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this blog post, we'll delve into the world of shadow identities and how security teams can find and secure them.",{"data":135281,"content":135282,"nodeType":912},{},[135283],{"data":135284,"marks":135285,"value":135286,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is a shadow identity? ",{"data":135288,"content":135289,"nodeType":883},{},[135290,135294,135298],{"data":135291,"marks":135292,"value":135293,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A shadow identity",{"data":135295,"marks":135296,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[135297],{"type":910},{"data":135299,"marks":135300,"value":135301,"nodeType":867},{},[],"is an identity a security/IT team is not aware of. Most often (but not exclusively) these exist outside IT-managed identity providers as local accounts on SaaS apps. ",{"data":135303,"content":135304,"nodeType":883},{},[135305],{"data":135306,"marks":135307,"value":135308,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These shadow identities introduce risk to the organization. However, once an organization’s security/IT function has visibility of an identity on an ongoing basis it is no-longer a \"shadow identity,\" and becomes just a normal identity - even if it’s on a third-party app.",{"data":135310,"content":135311,"nodeType":921},{},[135312],{"data":135313,"marks":135314,"value":135315,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Where do centralized identities fit in? ",{"data":135317,"content":135318,"nodeType":883},{},[135319],{"data":135320,"marks":135321,"value":135322,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most organizations have a central identity provider (e.g. AzureAD/Google Directory/Okta) that stores login credentials and profile information for each employee. Most organizations strive to connect their identity provider (IdP) to all the apps they use. ",{"data":135324,"content":135325,"nodeType":883},{},[135326],{"data":135327,"marks":135328,"value":135329,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s a noble goal because it allows efforts to be focused on securing only a single set of credentials and MFA per employee. However, the reality is that this isn’t practical and there are many reasons why each employee only having only a single identity is only a dream (it’s a good one though!). More on this later.",{"data":135331,"content":135332,"nodeType":912},{},[135333],{"data":135334,"marks":135335,"value":135336,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Understanding shadow identity security risks",{"data":135338,"content":135339,"nodeType":883},{},[135340],{"data":135341,"marks":135342,"value":135343,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since shadow identities (or shadow cloud identities) cannot get the same level of security attention as IT-managed identities because they’re unknown, they’re usually not as tightly secured as other identities in the business. ",{"data":135345,"content":135349,"nodeType":892},{"target":135346},{"sys":135347},{"id":135348,"type":889,"linkType":890},"35WMjPHXP2v0qtEaUMIBAS",[],{"data":135351,"content":135352,"nodeType":883},{},[135353],{"data":135354,"marks":135355,"value":135356,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Common security risks in shadow identities:",{"data":135358,"content":135359,"nodeType":1526},{},[135360,135375,135390,135405,135420],{"data":135361,"content":135362,"nodeType":1505},{},[135363],{"data":135364,"content":135365,"nodeType":883},{},[135366,135371],{"data":135367,"marks":135368,"value":135370,"nodeType":867},{},[135369],{"type":910},"Weak password",{"data":135372,"marks":135373,"value":135374,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - they could be using a really basic password like the person’s name or some other dictionary word (or some combination that gets accepted by the complexity checks on the app e.g. Password1!).",{"data":135376,"content":135377,"nodeType":1505},{},[135378],{"data":135379,"content":135380,"nodeType":883},{},[135381,135386],{"data":135382,"marks":135383,"value":135385,"nodeType":867},{},[135384],{"type":910},"Leaked password",{"data":135387,"marks":135388,"value":135389,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - the password used has been leaked in a public data breach. Attackers often attempt to gain access to accounts using leaked passwords. This attack is called “credential stuffing.”",{"data":135391,"content":135392,"nodeType":1505},{},[135393],{"data":135394,"content":135395,"nodeType":883},{},[135396,135401],{"data":135397,"marks":135398,"value":135400,"nodeType":867},{},[135399],{"type":910},"Reused passwords",{"data":135402,"marks":135403,"value":135404,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - the password set is used across other identities. This means that if an attacker got access to one password (via phishing or other means), they would be able to access more than one identity or app.",{"data":135406,"content":135407,"nodeType":1505},{},[135408],{"data":135409,"content":135410,"nodeType":883},{},[135411,135416],{"data":135412,"marks":135413,"value":135415,"nodeType":867},{},[135414],{"type":910},"No MFA",{"data":135417,"marks":135418,"value":135419,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - no multifactor authentication is enabled on the account. This means that any of the above problems could lead to a direct compromise without any additional hindrances.",{"data":135421,"content":135422,"nodeType":1505},{},[135423],{"data":135424,"content":135425,"nodeType":883},{},[135426,135431],{"data":135427,"marks":135428,"value":135430,"nodeType":867},{},[135429],{"type":910},"No authentication logs ",{"data":135432,"marks":135433,"value":135434,"nodeType":867},{},[],"- on centralized identities, it’s possible to see the app an identity was used on, the geographical location of the user and even the device. Contextual information like this would obviously not be available to the security/IT team for a shadow identity, so detecting compromises from unusual or suspicious activity is not possible.",{"data":135436,"content":135437,"nodeType":912},{},[135438],{"data":135439,"marks":135440,"value":135441,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Managing shadow identity and shadow cloud identity risk ",{"data":135443,"content":135447,"nodeType":892},{"target":135444},{"sys":135445},{"id":135446,"type":889,"linkType":890},"34SORjKga52MSgBaZddxGJ",[],{"data":135449,"content":135450,"nodeType":921},{},[135451],{"data":135452,"marks":135453,"value":135454,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get visibility to bring identities out of the shadows",{"data":135456,"content":135457,"nodeType":883},{},[135458],{"data":135459,"marks":135460,"value":135461,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This goes for existing identities or new ones being created. Having visibility is the first step - nothing can be secured if neither security nor IT can see them. Visibility allows organizations to start managing the risks these identities introduce.",{"data":135463,"content":135464,"nodeType":883},{},[135465,135469,135479],{"data":135466,"marks":135467,"value":135468,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We think the best source of discovering identities is a browser extension. Read ",{"data":135470,"content":135474,"nodeType":13489},{"target":135471},{"sys":135472},{"id":135473,"type":889,"linkType":890},"19dT3oWX2H3EYtZIT3J5UO",[135475],{"data":135476,"marks":135477,"value":135478,"nodeType":867},{},[],"our post ",{"data":135480,"marks":135481,"value":135482,"nodeType":867},{},[],"on the pros and cons of this approach. ",{"data":135484,"content":135485,"nodeType":921},{},[135486],{"data":135487,"marks":135488,"value":135489,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Centralize identities as far as possible",{"data":135491,"content":135492,"nodeType":883},{},[135493],{"data":135494,"marks":135495,"value":135496,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The ideal number of identities per employee is 1. However, there are quite a few reasons why this will not be possible. Here’s just a few:",{"data":135498,"content":135499,"nodeType":1526},{},[135500,135510],{"data":135501,"content":135502,"nodeType":1505},{},[135503],{"data":135504,"content":135505,"nodeType":883},{},[135506],{"data":135507,"marks":135508,"value":135509,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO tax - a practice where vendors put SSO support as part of their “Enterprise” tiers which are a lot more expensive (and usually bundled with unneeded features)",{"data":135511,"content":135512,"nodeType":1505},{},[135513],{"data":135514,"content":135515,"nodeType":883},{},[135516],{"data":135517,"marks":135518,"value":135519,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Lack of support - our research shows that 69% of the top 500 apps don’t even offer SAML SSO support at any license tier.",{"data":135521,"content":135522,"nodeType":883},{},[135523,135527,135536],{"data":135524,"marks":135525,"value":135526,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On apps where SAML SSO support is not possible, we encourage organizations to make use of OIDC logins (“Login with Google” for Google Workspace customers). This lacks some of the manageability of SAML, but still makes use of the company’s Google identity - which is MUCH better than creating a new local identity using a password. We’ve written about this in more detail ",{"data":135528,"content":135531,"nodeType":13489},{"target":135529},{"sys":135530},{"id":134670,"type":889,"linkType":890},[135532],{"data":135533,"marks":135534,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[135535],{"type":876},{"data":135537,"marks":135538,"value":135539,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Centralizing identities is an essential part of a good IAM governance and compliance initiative.",{"data":135541,"content":135542,"nodeType":921},{},[135543],{"data":135544,"marks":135545,"value":135546,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If centralizing isn’t an option, secure them",{"data":135548,"content":135549,"nodeType":883},{},[135550],{"data":135551,"marks":135552,"value":135553,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If security teams can’t use a centralized identity for whatever reason, ensure the newly created one is secured to reduce risk. To do this:",{"data":135555,"content":135556,"nodeType":1526},{},[135557,135567,135577],{"data":135558,"content":135559,"nodeType":1505},{},[135560],{"data":135561,"content":135562,"nodeType":883},{},[135563],{"data":135564,"marks":135565,"value":135566,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Use a strong, unique password stored in a password manager",{"data":135568,"content":135569,"nodeType":1505},{},[135570],{"data":135571,"content":135572,"nodeType":883},{},[135573],{"data":135574,"marks":135575,"value":135576,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Enable MFA. Bonus points for a strong method like WebAuthn (if you have a Mac, look at that lovely fingerprint reader). TOTP is still totally fine.",{"data":135578,"content":135579,"nodeType":1505},{},[135580],{"data":135581,"content":135582,"nodeType":883},{},[135583],{"data":135584,"marks":135585,"value":135586,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Engage directly with employees to help them do the above. We recommend that this process be automated to make it manageable for security and IT teams. For example:",{"data":135588,"content":135592,"nodeType":892},{"target":135589},{"sys":135590},{"id":135591,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6LlNqtWam4jtXbxMcEbabB",[],{"data":135594,"content":135595,"nodeType":921},{},[135596],{"data":135597,"marks":135598,"value":135599,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Keep authentication logs centrally",{"data":135601,"content":135602,"nodeType":883},{},[135603,135607,135617],{"data":135604,"marks":135605,"value":135606,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The ability to see what app a user has logged into, from which device and location is invaluable during an incident. Identity providers allow security teams to stream logs to their favorite security analytics tools, but identities outside of it will not be possible to monitor. Unless Security have a separate data source that allows them to see authentication activity (I’m looking at you, ",{"data":135608,"content":135611,"nodeType":13489},{"target":135609},{"sys":135610},{"id":135473,"type":889,"linkType":890},[135612],{"data":135613,"marks":135614,"value":135616,"nodeType":867},{},[135615],{"type":876},"browser extension",{"data":135618,"marks":135619,"value":8624,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":135621,"content":135622,"nodeType":883},{},[135623],{"data":135624,"marks":135625,"value":135626,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Expanding coverage to shadow identities will allow organizations to expand their monitoring use cases and better cover risks on apps that can’t be hooked into SSO. This will also go a long way in helping with compliance and IAM governance, so it’s a win-win.",{"data":135628,"content":135629,"nodeType":921},{},[135630],{"data":135631,"marks":135632,"value":135633,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Have an incident response plan ",{"data":135635,"content":135636,"nodeType":883},{},[135637,135641,135652],{"data":135638,"marks":135639,"value":135640,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Develop a comprehensive incident response (IR) plan that outlines steps to take if a shadow identity has been compromised. This will help Security respond swiftly and mitigate damage. Here’s ",{"data":135642,"content":135646,"nodeType":13489},{"target":135643},{"sys":135644},{"id":135645,"type":889,"linkType":890},"14NiRrBrLFVkR8h05RCD7F",[135647],{"data":135648,"marks":135649,"value":135651,"nodeType":867},{},[135650],{"type":876},"some guidance",{"data":135653,"marks":135654,"value":135655,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on how to create one for SaaS accounts. ",{"data":135657,"content":135658,"nodeType":912},{},[135659],{"data":135660,"marks":135661,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":135663,"content":135664,"nodeType":883},{},[135665],{"data":135666,"marks":135667,"value":135668,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Shadow identities and shadow cloud identities are a risk to the business simply because they’re unknown to the security/IT team. If these groups lack visibility on identities outside of their main identity provider, their impact on the company’s overall security posture is unknown. ",{"data":135670,"content":135671,"nodeType":883},{},[135672],{"data":135673,"marks":135674,"value":135675,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, once spotted using the right data source, identities and accounts that were previously unknown can be monitored just like any other asset.",{"data":135677,"content":135678,"nodeType":883},{},[135679],{"data":135680,"marks":135681,"value":135682,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By understanding what shadow identities are and implementing proactive security measures, security teams can minimize the risks they pose to their organizations and customers.","Employees sign up to cloud apps on their own every day. Each time, they create a new account and a new identity on that app. How do you find and secure them?","2023-09-19T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":135686},[135687,135691],{"sys":135688,"name":135690},{"id":135689},"3SA5H01UkKauuiTdt0KC6q","Shadow IT",{"sys":135692,"name":131275},{"id":131274},{"items":135694},[135695],{"fullName":135696,"firstName":135697,"jobTitle":135698,"profilePicture":135699},"Tyrone Erasmus","Tyrone","Co-founder / CTO",{"url":135700},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5rkMblymL7lG4pZBiYzWo6/26f0da21be8fc252b13b62aacc22d19d/Push_Founders_at_Cahoots_October_28_2022_by_Doug_Coombe-22.jpg",{"__typename":1670,"sys":135702,"content":135703,"title":136561,"synopsis":136562,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":136563,"slug":136564,"tagsCollection":136565,"authorsCollection":136571},{"id":135262},{"json":135704},{"data":135705,"content":135706,"nodeType":1569},{},[135707,135714,135721,135727,135762,135769,135776,135796,135803,135810,135817,135836,135842,135849,135862,135869,135876,135883,135889,135912,135919,135926,135933,135940,135947,135954,135972,135980,135996,136003,136009,136028,136055,136071,136097,136104,136111,136118,136125,136132,136139,136146,136197,136204,136234,136277,136352,136359,136366,136373,136380,136387,136394,136401,136408,136414,136421,136428,136449,136456,136463,136470,136476,136483,136490,136497,136504,136527,136534,136540],{"data":135708,"content":135709,"nodeType":883},{},[135710],{"data":135711,"marks":135712,"value":135713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’re working in security, you know you’re on the hook to secure all the assets in your organization’s attack surface – including cloud and SaaS applications. But with employees signing up and adopting SaaS applications without your oversight, the scale of your attack surface has blown up without you even knowing it - leading to a huge increase in SaaS security risks. ",{"data":135715,"content":135716,"nodeType":883},{},[135717],{"data":135718,"marks":135719,"value":135720,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You’ve probably locked down the known cloud services and cloud apps your company is using (Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, etc.) and you have policies you’re already enforcing for how employees log into, access, and input sensitive data into cloud platforms like Salesforce and Hubspot. \n\nBut what about all those other SaaS applications people in the company are using? Those apps make up a significant part of your attack surface. ",{"data":135722,"content":135726,"nodeType":892},{"target":135723},{"sys":135724},{"id":135725,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5NfrrDeIPs7TE213UYly7E",[],{"data":135728,"content":135729,"nodeType":883},{},[135730,135734,135744,135748,135758],{"data":135731,"marks":135732,"value":135733,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You need visibility into all those apps as the first step. We ",{"data":135735,"content":135739,"nodeType":13489},{"target":135736},{"sys":135737},{"id":135738,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3PqX7fLrTIYhWjbEhHSRHG",[135740],{"data":135741,"marks":135742,"value":135743,"nodeType":867},{},[],"can help there",{"data":135745,"marks":135746,"value":135747,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and there are some ",{"data":135749,"content":135753,"nodeType":13489},{"target":135750},{"sys":135751},{"id":135752,"type":889,"linkType":890},"45iZ69EdPF4629gZ6yf7p5",[135754],{"data":135755,"marks":135756,"value":135757,"nodeType":867},{},[],"semi-hacky ways",{"data":135759,"marks":135760,"value":135761,"nodeType":867},{},[]," you can even get this visibility on your own. ",{"data":135763,"content":135764,"nodeType":912},{},[135765],{"data":135766,"marks":135767,"value":135768,"nodeType":867},{},[],"I found all these shadow SaaS apps, now what?",{"data":135770,"content":135771,"nodeType":883},{},[135772],{"data":135773,"marks":135774,"value":135775,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you get the list of (likely hundreds) of SaaS applications employees have been using that you weren’t aware of, you’re probably then thinking about the next daunting task - how do I secure all these shadow SaaS or shadow IT assets across your SaaS attack surface to manage SaaS security risks?",{"data":135777,"content":135778,"nodeType":883},{},[135779,135783,135792],{"data":135780,"marks":135781,"value":135782,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That’s where the ",{"data":135784,"content":135786,"nodeType":878},{"uri":135785},"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/cloud/understanding-cloud-services/cloud-security-shared-responsibility-model",[135787],{"data":135788,"marks":135789,"value":135791,"nodeType":867},{},[135790],{"type":876},"shared responsibility model ",{"data":135793,"marks":135794,"value":135795,"nodeType":867},{},[],"comes into play. You’re not on the hook to take on every aspect of SaaS security, so let’s do a walkthrough of this model and we’ll help you hone in on where you can make the most impact when it comes to securing your sensitive data with every third-party SaaS vendor.",{"data":135797,"content":135798,"nodeType":921},{},[135799],{"data":135800,"marks":135801,"value":135802,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS allows you to offload some operational security",{"data":135804,"content":135805,"nodeType":883},{},[135806],{"data":135807,"marks":135808,"value":135809,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You’re undoubtedly resource strapped, so using SaaS apps is a great way to delegate as many operational security tasks as possible to the cloud provider.",{"data":135811,"content":135812,"nodeType":883},{},[135813],{"data":135814,"marks":135815,"value":135816,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The shared-responsibility model shows you your responsibilities as the customer and which the cloud provider owns - this is one of the reasons SaaS is taking over the world.   ",{"data":135818,"content":135819,"nodeType":883},{},[135820,135824,135832],{"data":135821,"marks":135822,"value":135823,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The following table produced by the ",{"data":135825,"content":135826,"nodeType":878},{"uri":135785},[135827],{"data":135828,"marks":135829,"value":135831,"nodeType":867},{},[135830],{"type":876},"National Cyber Security Centre",{"data":135833,"marks":135834,"value":135835,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (NCSC) shows how much of the balance of security responsibility is outsourced to the SaaS provider. For reference, IaaS = infrastructure-as-a-service; PaaS = platform-as-a-service; SaaS = software-as-a-service:",{"data":135837,"content":135841,"nodeType":892},{"target":135838},{"sys":135839},{"id":135840,"type":889,"linkType":890},"17rMTpxgCAU5ropjkGIIjK",[],{"data":135843,"content":135844,"nodeType":883},{},[135845],{"data":135846,"marks":135847,"value":135848,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This table shows that in the SaaS model, you’re delegating a lot of responsibility for security to the vendor, which is great because it reduces the burden on your security team and SaaS providers are certainly best placed to secure their software. ",{"data":135850,"content":135851,"nodeType":883},{},[135852,135858],{"data":135853,"marks":135854,"value":135857,"nodeType":867},{},[135855,135856],{"type":2278},{"type":910},"However, this requires far greater trust in SaaS providers. ",{"data":135859,"marks":135860,"value":135861,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even so, this is a net positive trade off for most organizations.",{"data":135863,"content":135864,"nodeType":883},{},[135865],{"data":135866,"marks":135867,"value":135868,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While we’re offloading a lot to SaaS providers, we aren’t offloading everything. You still need to take care of your responsibilities, even though they’re now quite limited.",{"data":135870,"content":135871,"nodeType":912},{},[135872],{"data":135873,"marks":135874,"value":135875,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How to handle your responsibilities for managing SaaS risks in your company ",{"data":135877,"content":135878,"nodeType":883},{},[135879],{"data":135880,"marks":135881,"value":135882,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, how do you go about handling these two responsibilities highlighted in the table below?",{"data":135884,"content":135888,"nodeType":892},{"target":135885},{"sys":135886},{"id":135887,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4jeDpoYQzPmg5TFApeopSA",[],{"data":135890,"content":135891,"nodeType":124269},{},[135892,135902],{"data":135893,"content":135894,"nodeType":1505},{},[135895],{"data":135896,"content":135897,"nodeType":883},{},[135898],{"data":135899,"marks":135900,"value":135901,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Configuration of the SaaS app ",{"data":135903,"content":135904,"nodeType":1505},{},[135905],{"data":135906,"content":135907,"nodeType":883},{},[135908],{"data":135909,"marks":135910,"value":135911,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Manage identity and access controls provided by the app.",{"data":135913,"content":135914,"nodeType":921},{},[135915],{"data":135916,"marks":135917,"value":135918,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Configuration of the SaaS app",{"data":135920,"content":135921,"nodeType":883},{},[135922],{"data":135923,"marks":135924,"value":135925,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The way application configuration is presented in the NCSC table above is a bit of a red herring for the apps your employees will be self-adopting. The vast majority of SaaS apps (and especially self-adopted apps) allow very little, if any, security relevant configuration. ",{"data":135927,"content":135928,"nodeType":883},{},[135929],{"data":135930,"marks":135931,"value":135932,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Sure, the big core apps like Salesforce, Google Workspace, Microsoft 365 do (and often require a dedicated team or partner to run them), but they are highly unlikely to be self-adopted by employees. ",{"data":135934,"content":135935,"nodeType":883},{},[135936],{"data":135937,"marks":135938,"value":135939,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The issues that are likely to lead to a compromise are more likely to be related to the individual accounts on the app, rather than the app configuration - so in practice there may be little to do in terms of hardening most self-managed apps.",{"data":135941,"content":135942,"nodeType":921},{},[135943],{"data":135944,"marks":135945,"value":135946,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Manage identity and access controls, like MFA, provided by the app\n",{"data":135948,"content":135949,"nodeType":883},{},[135950],{"data":135951,"marks":135952,"value":135953,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You have a few options for handling this one. We’ll go through the key areas below:",{"data":135955,"content":135956,"nodeType":124269},{},[135957],{"data":135958,"content":135959,"nodeType":1505},{},[135960],{"data":135961,"content":135962,"nodeType":883},{},[135963,135968],{"data":135964,"marks":135965,"value":135967,"nodeType":867},{},[135966],{"type":910},"SSO",{"data":135969,"marks":135970,"value":135971,"nodeType":867},{},[],": Better yet, if there’s a way to tuck the app behind SSO, do it! SAML SSO is the ideal, gold standard solution for managing your SaaS security risks. The big issue is that very, very few apps, particularly the smaller ones most of the employees in your company will be signing up for, offer SSO integrations. ",{"data":135973,"content":135974,"nodeType":883},{},[135975],{"data":135976,"marks":135977,"value":135979,"nodeType":867},{},[135978],{"type":910},"When we looked at the apps we cover, only 30% of them offered SAML SSO integrations. ",{"data":135981,"content":135982,"nodeType":883},{},[135983,135987,135992],{"data":135984,"marks":135985,"value":135986,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Making things worse, of those few apps that ",{"data":135988,"marks":135989,"value":135991,"nodeType":867},{},[135990],{"type":2278},"did ",{"data":135993,"marks":135994,"value":135995,"nodeType":867},{},[],"offer SAML SSO as a feature, they offered it as a paid feature that you can only access at a high pricing tier, typically Enterprise or the highest pricing tier. Many more apps offer social logins (aka OIDC SSO), and while this is not quite as good as SAML, for most organizations this is a far better option compared to local passwords for each SaaS app!",{"data":135997,"content":135998,"nodeType":883},{},[135999],{"data":136000,"marks":136001,"value":136002,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You’ve probably heard mutterings about this before and it’s even got its own site, called SSO tax, which gives you a sense of the huge number of apps without SSO integrations. See a screenshot of the site below:",{"data":136004,"content":136008,"nodeType":892},{"target":136005},{"sys":136006},{"id":136007,"type":889,"linkType":890},"71LeJlkZLWAr2rMN7Izam3",[],{"data":136010,"content":136011,"nodeType":883},{},[136012,136016,136025],{"data":136013,"marks":136014,"value":136015,"nodeType":867},{},[],"At the moment, this means SAML SSO isn’t a practical option for most apps. We wrote much more on this ",{"data":136017,"content":136020,"nodeType":13489},{"target":136018},{"sys":136019},{"id":134639,"type":889,"linkType":890},[136021],{"data":136022,"marks":136023,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[136024],{"type":876},{"data":136026,"marks":136027,"value":134649,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136029,"content":136030,"nodeType":883},{},[136031,136034,136039,136043,136052],{"data":136032,"marks":136033,"value":66328,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136035,"marks":136036,"value":136038,"nodeType":867},{},[136037],{"type":910}," Encourage the other type of SSO — social logins",{"data":136040,"marks":136041,"value":136042,"nodeType":867},{},[],": It's also smart to make your policy towards OIDC SSO a.k.a. Social Logins (“login with Google” or “login with Microsoft”) clear. Our advice is you should prefer social logins over usernames and passwords wherever possible. Read more about that ",{"data":136044,"content":136047,"nodeType":13489},{"target":136045},{"sys":136046},{"id":134670,"type":889,"linkType":890},[136048],{"data":136049,"marks":136050,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[136051],{"type":876},{"data":136053,"marks":136054,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136056,"content":136057,"nodeType":883},{},[136058,136062,136067],{"data":136059,"marks":136060,"value":136061,"nodeType":867},{},[],"3.",{"data":136063,"marks":136064,"value":136066,"nodeType":867},{},[136065],{"type":910}," Employee trainings and education: ",{"data":136068,"marks":136069,"value":136070,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Of course, you’ll want to (and typically, you’ll be required to) do regular security training for your employees.",{"data":136072,"content":136073,"nodeType":883},{},[136074,136078,136089,136093],{"data":136075,"marks":136076,"value":136077,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If nothing else, make sure employees understand ",{"data":136079,"content":136083,"nodeType":13489},{"target":136080},{"sys":136081},{"id":136082,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5Zy1Kj162pY69NT6001gAa",[136084],{"data":136085,"marks":136086,"value":136088,"nodeType":867},{},[136087],{"type":876},"the value and impact of MFA",{"data":136090,"marks":136091,"value":4236,"nodeType":867},{},[136092],{"type":910},{"data":136094,"marks":136095,"value":136096,"nodeType":867},{},[],"and other identity access management tools.",{"data":136098,"content":136099,"nodeType":912},{},[136100],{"data":136101,"marks":136102,"value":136103,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Doesn’t delegating my responsibility increase SaaS security risks?",{"data":136105,"content":136106,"nodeType":883},{},[136107],{"data":136108,"marks":136109,"value":136110,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While delegating security responsibilities is great and takes a huge load off your security team, you need to consider who you’re delegating it to. ",{"data":136112,"content":136113,"nodeType":883},{},[136114],{"data":136115,"marks":136116,"value":136117,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is what’s sometimes understood as supply chain security or third party risk management. You need to trust the SaaS provider to uphold their end of the bargain and, more often than not, also the SaaS/cloud vendors they use (their sub-processors) as well.",{"data":136119,"content":136120,"nodeType":883},{},[136121],{"data":136122,"marks":136123,"value":136124,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This sounds a lot scarier than it is. Many SaaS providers do a great job - they provide easy-to-audit, externally-verified, policies through a framework such as SOC2, and most do regular penetration tests and have bug bounty programs, etc.",{"data":136126,"content":136127,"nodeType":883},{},[136128],{"data":136129,"marks":136130,"value":136131,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And, before you panic about having to do a full security audit of every one of those hundreds of SaaS providers, know that there are tools that can help with this, which we’ll talk more about at the end of this article.",{"data":136133,"content":136134,"nodeType":912},{},[136135],{"data":136136,"marks":136137,"value":136138,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How to determine if you can live with the risk  ",{"data":136140,"content":136141,"nodeType":883},{},[136142],{"data":136143,"marks":136144,"value":136145,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Here are a few things you might consider when you assess third-party risk: ",{"data":136147,"content":136148,"nodeType":1526},{},[136149,136173],{"data":136150,"content":136151,"nodeType":1505},{},[136152,136160],{"data":136153,"content":136154,"nodeType":883},{},[136155],{"data":136156,"marks":136157,"value":136159,"nodeType":867},{},[136158],{"type":910},"The data going into these apps is simply too sensitive. ",{"data":136161,"content":136162,"nodeType":1526},{},[136163],{"data":136164,"content":136165,"nodeType":1505},{},[136166],{"data":136167,"content":136168,"nodeType":883},{},[136169],{"data":136170,"marks":136171,"value":136172,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many organizations have very sensitive data, customer information or intellectual property (IP) that they simply aren’t willing to entrust to a third party. ",{"data":136174,"content":136175,"nodeType":1505},{},[136176,136184],{"data":136177,"content":136178,"nodeType":883},{},[136179],{"data":136180,"marks":136181,"value":136183,"nodeType":867},{},[136182],{"type":910},"The app requests administrative access to sensitive systems ",{"data":136185,"content":136186,"nodeType":1526},{},[136187],{"data":136188,"content":136189,"nodeType":1505},{},[136190],{"data":136191,"content":136192,"nodeType":883},{},[136193],{"data":136194,"marks":136195,"value":136196,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You may not want to trust a third party with administrative access to critical IT systems",{"data":136198,"content":136199,"nodeType":883},{},[136200],{"data":136201,"marks":136202,"value":136203,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If the sensitive data in the app or the access the app has represents some significant (but not unacceptable) risk, you may consider:",{"data":136205,"content":136206,"nodeType":1526},{},[136207],{"data":136208,"content":136209,"nodeType":1505},{},[136210,136221],{"data":136211,"content":136212,"nodeType":883},{},[136213,136218],{"data":136214,"marks":136215,"value":136217,"nodeType":867},{},[136216],{"type":910},"The vendor has a string of repeated breaches or security incidents",{"data":136219,"marks":136220,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136222,"content":136223,"nodeType":1526},{},[136224],{"data":136225,"content":136226,"nodeType":1505},{},[136227],{"data":136228,"content":136229,"nodeType":883},{},[136230],{"data":136231,"marks":136232,"value":136233,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is troubling because it’s a fairly common pattern for attackers to breach apps in ways that don’t impact customer information, but then use the information they learn from these breaches to launch far more successful breaches in future and gain access to additional sensitive data. ",{"data":136235,"content":136236,"nodeType":883},{},[136237,136241,136250,136253,136261,136264,136273],{"data":136238,"marks":136239,"value":136240,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Consider the string of breaches at ",{"data":136242,"content":136244,"nodeType":878},{"uri":136243},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/search/?q=lastpass+breach",[136245],{"data":136246,"marks":136247,"value":136249,"nodeType":867},{},[136248],{"type":876},"LastPass",{"data":136251,"marks":136252,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136254,"content":136256,"nodeType":878},{"uri":136255},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/search/?q=okta+breach",[136257],{"data":136258,"marks":136259,"value":87185,"nodeType":867},{},[136260],{"type":876},{"data":136262,"marks":136263,"value":6851,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136265,"content":136267,"nodeType":878},{"uri":136266},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/search/?q=twilio+breach",[136268],{"data":136269,"marks":136270,"value":136272,"nodeType":867},{},[136271],{"type":876},"Twilio",{"data":136274,"marks":136275,"value":136276,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (and many others) or as a typical example of this.",{"data":136278,"content":136279,"nodeType":1526},{},[136280,136304,136328],{"data":136281,"content":136282,"nodeType":1505},{},[136283,136291],{"data":136284,"content":136285,"nodeType":883},{},[136286],{"data":136287,"marks":136288,"value":136290,"nodeType":867},{},[136289],{"type":910},"The app doesn’t offer adequate security features. ",{"data":136292,"content":136293,"nodeType":1526},{},[136294],{"data":136295,"content":136296,"nodeType":1505},{},[136297],{"data":136298,"content":136299,"nodeType":883},{},[136300],{"data":136301,"marks":136302,"value":136303,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You want to see features like MFA, SSO (either social login through OIDC or, ideally, SAML), and bonus points for the ability to enforce these controls. This is especially important on platforms where the data is high-risk.",{"data":136305,"content":136306,"nodeType":1505},{},[136307,136315],{"data":136308,"content":136309,"nodeType":883},{},[136310],{"data":136311,"marks":136312,"value":136314,"nodeType":867},{},[136313],{"type":910},"They operate in a sanctioned country ",{"data":136316,"content":136317,"nodeType":1526},{},[136318],{"data":136319,"content":136320,"nodeType":1505},{},[136321],{"data":136322,"content":136323,"nodeType":883},{},[136324],{"data":136325,"marks":136326,"value":136327,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Clearly SaaS providers operating from (or that have close ties with) sanctioned or politically-complicated countries represent additional risk.",{"data":136329,"content":136330,"nodeType":1505},{},[136331,136339],{"data":136332,"content":136333,"nodeType":883},{},[136334],{"data":136335,"marks":136336,"value":136338,"nodeType":867},{},[136337],{"type":910},"The SaaS vendor may not have the resources to adequately protect your sensitive data. ",{"data":136340,"content":136341,"nodeType":1526},{},[136342],{"data":136343,"content":136344,"nodeType":1505},{},[136345],{"data":136346,"content":136347,"nodeType":883},{},[136348],{"data":136349,"marks":136350,"value":136351,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Also, question vendors that are so small that it is hard to imagine they can afford to spend significant resources on security. ",{"data":136353,"content":136354,"nodeType":883},{},[136355],{"data":136356,"marks":136357,"value":136358,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These are really common apps that integrate with your Google Workspace or Microsoft 365 - they add a feature or help streamline the employee’s workflow but aren’t a fully baked SaaS app with funding, a product and engineering team, or customer support.",{"data":136360,"content":136361,"nodeType":912},{},[136362],{"data":136363,"marks":136364,"value":136365,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you can’t establish trust with a SaaS provider…",{"data":136367,"content":136368,"nodeType":883},{},[136369],{"data":136370,"marks":136371,"value":136372,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While the hope is that you can establish enough trust with third-party SaaS providers to allow employees to use the app, there will be exceptions.",{"data":136374,"content":136375,"nodeType":921},{},[136376],{"data":136377,"marks":136378,"value":136379,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Guide employees to secure alternatives early, before they invest too much time in a risky platform",{"data":136381,"content":136382,"nodeType":883},{},[136383],{"data":136384,"marks":136385,"value":136386,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Obviously, you can block the apps that you’ve deemed too risky for your company’s risk profile, which will reduce the attack surface. However, doing that in a vacuum, without working with the employees who are using (or testing) a SaaS application, can roadblock their work. ",{"data":136388,"content":136389,"nodeType":883},{},[136390],{"data":136391,"marks":136392,"value":136393,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While it solves your need for strong SaaS security, if you don’t provide employees with an alternative, more secure app to test, you’re burning all good will with the rest of the company. ",{"data":136395,"content":136396,"nodeType":883},{},[136397],{"data":136398,"marks":136399,"value":136400,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Worst case scenario, they’ll work around you to use the tool you removed by using their personal laptop or personal email to log in. ",{"data":136402,"content":136403,"nodeType":883},{},[136404],{"data":136405,"marks":136406,"value":136407,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The best path forward is to get into the SaaS adoption process early, as shown in this employee SaaS app adoption workflow: ",{"data":136409,"content":136413,"nodeType":892},{"target":136410},{"sys":136411},{"id":136412,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6HzSQ8wPVn9RfDSFWGaCh8",[],{"data":136415,"content":136416,"nodeType":883},{},[136417],{"data":136418,"marks":136419,"value":136420,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The goal is to catch those apps that are high risk, either because the data going into them (or that will be) is high risk or because the app can perform some high-risk action (like managing your inventory or sending emails to customers or your behalf). ",{"data":136422,"content":136423,"nodeType":883},{},[136424],{"data":136425,"marks":136426,"value":136427,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By getting in early, you can focus your efforts on these high-risk vendors and apps to make sure they can be trusted with their data. ",{"data":136429,"content":136430,"nodeType":883},{},[136431,136435,136445],{"data":136432,"marks":136433,"value":136434,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve written more about this ",{"data":136436,"content":136440,"nodeType":13489},{"target":136437},{"sys":136438},{"id":136439,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6ppEa7WXiKcgLQ9yGn7q3k",[136441],{"data":136442,"marks":136443,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[136444],{"type":876},{"data":136446,"marks":136447,"value":136448,"nodeType":867},{},[]," and it’s worth your time to read it, we promise. Blocking simply doesn’t work and it frustrates the team, so please consider this new way of securing SaaS. ",{"data":136450,"content":136451,"nodeType":912},{},[136452],{"data":136453,"marks":136454,"value":136455,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Try a tool to automate SaaS account security improvements",{"data":136457,"content":136458,"nodeType":883},{},[136459],{"data":136460,"marks":136461,"value":136462,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Check out SaaS security tools that don’t only look at the SaaS provider or the SaaS platform itself, but which also focus on the SaaS account or user identity level. ",{"data":136464,"content":136465,"nodeType":883},{},[136466],{"data":136467,"marks":136468,"value":136469,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you have visibility into which apps employees are using, you can dig into whether they’re using security features like MFA or using strong passwords. If they're not, use Push to equip them to enable MFA on their own: ",{"data":136471,"content":136475,"nodeType":892},{"target":136472},{"sys":136473},{"id":136474,"type":889,"linkType":890},"22jQt6xKpBHthBFqYlzKD1",[],{"data":136477,"content":136478,"nodeType":883},{},[136479],{"data":136480,"marks":136481,"value":136482,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Modern SaaS security solutions like Push can not only give you visibility into that information, but automate the process of reaching out to employees to help them turn on security features or updating weak passwords in a few short clicks.",{"data":136484,"content":136485,"nodeType":912},{},[136486],{"data":136487,"marks":136488,"value":136489,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Manage SaaS risk as scale without overburdening your team",{"data":136491,"content":136492,"nodeType":883},{},[136493],{"data":136494,"marks":136495,"value":136496,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\nWhen facing a list of hundreds of apps that employees are using in your business, doing due diligence feels like a daunting task. Push can help with this as well.",{"data":136498,"content":136499,"nodeType":883},{},[136500],{"data":136501,"marks":136502,"value":136503,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can classify SaaS apps directly in the Push platform based on:",{"data":136505,"content":136506,"nodeType":1526},{},[136507,136517],{"data":136508,"content":136509,"nodeType":1505},{},[136510],{"data":136511,"content":136512,"nodeType":883},{},[136513],{"data":136514,"marks":136515,"value":136516,"nodeType":867},{},[],"the sensitivity of the data they contain",{"data":136518,"content":136519,"nodeType":1505},{},[136520],{"data":136521,"content":136522,"nodeType":883},{},[136523],{"data":136524,"marks":136525,"value":136526,"nodeType":867},{},[],"the permissions they've been granted using the Sensitivity level field",{"data":136528,"content":136529,"nodeType":883},{},[136530],{"data":136531,"marks":136532,"value":136533,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Then use the Approval status option to capture your decision about an app. ",{"data":136535,"content":136539,"nodeType":892},{"target":136536},{"sys":136537},{"id":136538,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5rACOqYdUseU5rJqTSkaK5",[],{"data":136541,"content":136542,"nodeType":883},{},[136543,136547,136558],{"data":136544,"marks":136545,"value":136546,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This helps your team suss out the risk so you can make the right choice, without having to have discussions in side channels. ",{"data":136548,"content":136552,"nodeType":13489},{"target":136549},{"sys":136550},{"id":136551,"type":889,"linkType":890},"1BuDaKpiwwntLe4goObvgb",[136553],{"data":136554,"marks":136555,"value":136557,"nodeType":867},{},[136556],{"type":876},"Read more about how this works",{"data":136559,"marks":136560,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Focus on account and identity security to reduce SaaS risks","You’ve probably locked down the known cloud services your company is using, but what about all those other SaaS apps people in the company are using? \n","2023-08-15T00:00:00.000Z","focus-on-account-security-to-reduce-saas-risks",{"items":136566},[136567,136569],{"sys":136568,"name":131275},{"id":131274},{"sys":136570,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":136572},[136573],{"fullName":134472,"firstName":134473,"jobTitle":134474,"profilePicture":136574},{"url":134476},"report-on-identity-based-attacks","blog/report-on-identity-based-attacks",{"json":136578},{"data":136579,"content":136580,"nodeType":1569},{},[136581],{"data":136582,"content":136583,"nodeType":883},{},[136584],{"data":136585,"marks":136586,"value":136587,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Identities have quickly become the new perimeter, leading attackers to target identities as the primary way to access sensitive corporate data. A recent report found that 68% of companies say identity-related attacks directly impacted their business in 2023.","A new report on securing digital identities has some interesting takeaways to consider as we think about securing identities in the cloud. Here's our take.",{"id":136590,"publishedAt":136591},"3mqMCM9bqSDqpMvxttYOFx","2026-08-12T11:55:53.819Z",{"items":136593},[136594,136596],{"sys":136595,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"sys":136597,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":136599},[136600,136602,136604,136606,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616,136618],{"sys":136601,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":136603,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":136605,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":136607,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":136609,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":136611,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":136613,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":136615,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":136617,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":136619,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},"nQIPxCNVjDmloIu-mwrZ6tBh1Gz7Urr4FyGRwE_V2xg",{"id":136622,"title":136623,"authorsCollection":136624,"content":136628,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":137292,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":137294,"metaTitle":137295,"ogImage":59,"postType":40394,"publishedDate":137296,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":137297,"slug":137299,"stem":137300,"subtitle":59,"summary":137301,"synopsis":137312,"sys":137313,"tagsCollection":137316,"topicsCollection":137322,"__hash__":137344},"blog/blog/what-is-credential-stuffing.json","Credential stuffing: The most common attack against SaaS identities ",{"items":136625},[136626],{"fullName":134472,"firstName":134473,"jobTitle":134474,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":136627},{"url":134476},{"json":136629,"links":137246},{"data":136630,"content":136631,"nodeType":1569},{},[136632,136638,136645,136652,136659,136666,136673,136680,136686,136693,136700,136707,136713,136720,136727,136746,136762,136789,136796,136803,136810,136817,136824,136831,136838,136845,136869,136876,136889,136896,136903,136910,136917,136924,136930,136937,137034,137044,137050,137057,137064,137071,137078,137085,137092,137099,137106,137112,137119,137126,137133,137140,137147,137154,137197,137203,137235,137240],{"data":136633,"content":136634,"nodeType":912},{},[136635],{"data":136636,"marks":136637,"value":120961,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136639,"content":136640,"nodeType":883},{},[136641],{"data":136642,"marks":136643,"value":136644,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When it comes to protecting your data and third-party risk management, we often hear about supply chain attacks, which are all those attacks that target a trusted supplier used by many organizations. ",{"data":136646,"content":136647,"nodeType":883},{},[136648],{"data":136649,"marks":136650,"value":136651,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We hear about these attacks in the press because supply chain attacks have such a wide blast radius. They might start with a platform that many organizations use for business (Salesforce, for example). If that SaaS platform is compromised, every company’s data is compromised, including your own. ",{"data":136653,"content":136654,"nodeType":921},{},[136655],{"data":136656,"marks":136657,"value":136658,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You have some control over this risk, but there are limitations",{"data":136660,"content":136661,"nodeType":883},{},[136662],{"data":136663,"marks":136664,"value":136665,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can’t prevent supply chain attacks against your sub-processors or vendors, instead you’re stuck simply auditing the third parties you work with in order to verify they can be trusted enough that you’re comfortable using them and giving them access to your data and systems. ",{"data":136667,"content":136668,"nodeType":883},{},[136669],{"data":136670,"marks":136671,"value":136672,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Not the best, but great…this is the reality of doing security in the cloud. The good news is that supply chain attacks are pretty rare (at least today). What you do have control over (and in fact are responsible for) is the security of your organization’s identities in cloud applications. By doing this well you can prevent the most common attack against online applications.",{"data":136674,"content":136675,"nodeType":912},{},[136676],{"data":136677,"marks":136678,"value":136679,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What is credential stuffing?",{"data":136681,"content":136685,"nodeType":892},{"target":136682},{"sys":136683},{"id":136684,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5D7DWdaDQ6KWgnOR8YCDgg",[],{"data":136687,"content":136688,"nodeType":883},{},[136689],{"data":136690,"marks":136691,"value":136692,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Credential stuffing attacks occur when attackers use tools that automate the process of taking a list of breached passwords / stolen credentials (from public password dumps) and retargeting those compromised credentials against different apps and user accounts. ",{"data":136694,"content":136695,"nodeType":883},{},[136696],{"data":136697,"marks":136698,"value":136699,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’re familiar with password spraying, credential stuffing is the more effective version. With credential stuffing, the attacker already has a list of stolen credentials and identities to target instead of having to resort to blindly spraying guessed usernames and passwords against multiple sites and user accounts and praying for the attack to hit a target and gain unauthorized access or attempt account takeover.",{"data":136701,"content":136702,"nodeType":912},{},[136703],{"data":136704,"marks":136705,"value":136706,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How credential stuffing attacks work",{"data":136708,"content":136712,"nodeType":892},{"target":136709},{"sys":136710},{"id":136711,"type":889,"linkType":890},"o6eDG116P2tdWdq4oNllR",[],{"data":136714,"content":136715,"nodeType":883},{},[136716],{"data":136717,"marks":136718,"value":136719,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the example for acme.com in the graphic above, we see how this credential stuffing attack plays out to get access to acme.com’s Mailchimp account because the user re-used their Mailchimp password on another (previously breached) app. At this point, attackers are able to start sending scam emails to acme.com’s customers from their domain, it looks completely legit because it is. ",{"data":136721,"content":136722,"nodeType":912},{},[136723],{"data":136724,"marks":136725,"value":136726,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Prevalence of credential stuffing attacks",{"data":136728,"content":136729,"nodeType":883},{},[136730,136734,136743],{"data":136731,"marks":136732,"value":136733,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft’s Director of Identity Standards, Pamela Dingle said ",{"data":136735,"content":136737,"nodeType":878},{"uri":136736},"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/navigating-ever-evolving-authentication-landscape-pamela-dingle/",[136738],{"data":136739,"marks":136740,"value":136742,"nodeType":867},{},[136741],{"type":876},"in a recent article",{"data":136744,"marks":136745,"value":71222,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136747,"content":136748,"nodeType":883},{},[136749,136753,136758],{"data":136750,"marks":136751,"value":136752,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“...as of October 2022, ",{"data":136754,"marks":136755,"value":136757,"nodeType":867},{},[136756],{"type":910},"Microsoft blocks 1,287 password attacks every second across our platform",{"data":136759,"marks":136760,"value":136761,"nodeType":867},{},[],"…aka credential stuffing: Passwords are hard to remember, so passengers reuse them. Once attackers crack a password on a low-security site, they replay the same password on your high-security login page.” Dingle cited Microsoft Azure AD authentication log data for her stat.",{"data":136763,"content":136764,"nodeType":883},{},[136765,136769,136777,136781,136786],{"data":136766,"marks":136767,"value":136768,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Auth0 ",{"data":136770,"content":136771,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86590},[136772],{"data":136773,"marks":136774,"value":136776,"nodeType":867},{},[136775],{"type":876},"reported",{"data":136778,"marks":136779,"value":136780,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that ",{"data":136782,"marks":136783,"value":136785,"nodeType":867},{},[136784],{"type":910},"credential stuffing accounts for 34% of overall traffic/authentication events on their platform",{"data":136787,"marks":136788,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136790,"content":136791,"nodeType":921},{},[136792],{"data":136793,"marks":136794,"value":136795,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Credential stuffing attacks are rarely reported",{"data":136797,"content":136798,"nodeType":883},{},[136799],{"data":136800,"marks":136801,"value":136802,"nodeType":867},{},[],"These attacks are incredibly common, but it’s difficult to detect credential stuffing attacks. If you ask anyone working in incident response, they’ll confirm that credential stuffing attacks are often the entry point for attack. ",{"data":136804,"content":136805,"nodeType":883},{},[136806],{"data":136807,"marks":136808,"value":136809,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, these credential stuffing attacks are often not reported as such because no organization who’s been victimized and experienced a data breach wants to admit the attack was as “basic” as a credential stuffing attack. Instead, they’d prefer to say they were a victim of an advanced nation-state level threat actor. ",{"data":136811,"content":136812,"nodeType":883},{},[136813],{"data":136814,"marks":136815,"value":136816,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacks that actually have a big impact on business are often the ones that target the low-hanging fruit as a starting point. And if you can automate those attacks, even better from the attacker’s point of view.",{"data":136818,"content":136819,"nodeType":883},{},[136820],{"data":136821,"marks":136822,"value":136823,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, credential stuffing attacks are effective and incredibly common, but why is it more relevant now than ever?",{"data":136825,"content":136826,"nodeType":912},{},[136827],{"data":136828,"marks":136829,"value":136830,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Employees creating identities means more opportunities for attackers",{"data":136832,"content":136833,"nodeType":883},{},[136834],{"data":136835,"marks":136836,"value":136837,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s been a massive shift in how organizations’ attack surfaces are growing and adapting, and that’s because employees are signing up for software to get their work done, and creating new identities as they go.",{"data":136839,"content":136840,"nodeType":883},{},[136841],{"data":136842,"marks":136843,"value":136844,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Don’t think it’s happening in your company? Just because you don’t see it, doesn’t mean it isn’t happening and you can have the most stringent policies possible, but employees will often find a way to work around them just to get access to the tools that make their jobs easier.",{"data":136846,"content":136847,"nodeType":3914},{},[136848],{"data":136849,"content":136850,"nodeType":883},{},[136851,136856,136866],{"data":136852,"marks":136853,"value":136855,"nodeType":867},{},[136854],{"type":910},"80% of workers admit to using SaaS applications at work ",{"data":136857,"content":136859,"nodeType":878},{"uri":136858},"https://track.g2.com/resources/shadow-it-statistics#:~:text=35%25%20of%20employees%20say%20they,collaboration%20tools%20into%20an%20organization",[136860],{"data":136861,"marks":136862,"value":136865,"nodeType":867},{},[136863,136864],{"type":876},{"type":910},"without getting approval from IT",{"data":136867,"marks":136868,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":136870,"content":136871,"nodeType":883},{},[136872],{"data":136873,"marks":136874,"value":136875,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The increase in employee-adopted apps has led to employees creating more accounts and identities, on more apps and without the guiding hand of security to make sure strong identity and access controls are in place. ",{"data":136877,"content":136878,"nodeType":883},{},[136879,136885],{"data":136880,"marks":136881,"value":136884,"nodeType":867},{},[136882,136883],{"type":910},{"type":2278},"Opportunistic attackers now have a huge, unmonitored attack surface to target using low effort/cost techniques that generate reliable results for them",{"data":136886,"marks":136887,"value":10852,"nodeType":867},{},[136888],{"type":2278},{"data":136890,"content":136891,"nodeType":912},{},[136892],{"data":136893,"marks":136894,"value":136895,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Won’t SSO solve this? ",{"data":136897,"content":136898,"nodeType":883},{},[136899],{"data":136900,"marks":136901,"value":136902,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It helps, but it’s not available for most apps.",{"data":136904,"content":136905,"nodeType":883},{},[136906],{"data":136907,"marks":136908,"value":136909,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many security teams are leaning on single sign-on (SSO) to address this issue. They’ll require that apps used in their company use SSO, specifically SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) before they can be approved or used. This works really well for the apps that provide this functionality and it’s the gold standard for authentication. ",{"data":136911,"content":136912,"nodeType":883},{},[136913],{"data":136914,"marks":136915,"value":136916,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With SAML SSO, there’s just one account, just one password, and you can centrally deprovision accounts when employees leave the organization. You’re probably already paying for a SAML IdP (Identity Provider) like Google Directory or Azure AD. Many others are using tools like Okta.",{"data":136918,"content":136919,"nodeType":921},{},[136920],{"data":136921,"marks":136922,"value":136923,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO limitations",{"data":136925,"content":136929,"nodeType":892},{"target":136926},{"sys":136927},{"id":136928,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5nXHrCukKQAz1aaQJ0bptB",[],{"data":136931,"content":136932,"nodeType":883},{},[136933],{"data":136934,"marks":136935,"value":136936,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are a couple blockers to using SSO to solve all your identities and SaaS sprawl problems though:",{"data":136938,"content":136939,"nodeType":1526},{},[136940,136973,137011],{"data":136941,"content":136942,"nodeType":1505},{},[136943,136950],{"data":136944,"content":136945,"nodeType":883},{},[136946],{"data":136947,"marks":136948,"value":136949,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Employees can’t integrate their apps with SSO themselves",{"data":136951,"content":136952,"nodeType":1526},{},[136953,136963],{"data":136954,"content":136955,"nodeType":1505},{},[136956],{"data":136957,"content":136958,"nodeType":883},{},[136959],{"data":136960,"marks":136961,"value":136962,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO isn’t like multi factor authentication (MFA), employees can’t just turn it on. ",{"data":136964,"content":136965,"nodeType":1505},{},[136966],{"data":136967,"content":136968,"nodeType":883},{},[136969],{"data":136970,"marks":136971,"value":136972,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Employees aren’t incentivized to get IT approval and work with them on getting their work apps integrated with SSO",{"data":136974,"content":136975,"nodeType":1505},{},[136976,136983],{"data":136977,"content":136978,"nodeType":883},{},[136979],{"data":136980,"marks":136981,"value":136982,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SAML SSO won’t help you get visibility into which apps employees are using",{"data":136984,"content":136985,"nodeType":1526},{},[136986,137001],{"data":136987,"content":136988,"nodeType":1505},{},[136989],{"data":136990,"content":136991,"nodeType":883},{},[136992,136997],{"data":136993,"marks":136994,"value":136996,"nodeType":867},{},[136995],{"type":910},"SSO is not going to help you discover which apps employees are using",{"data":136998,"marks":136999,"value":137000,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - and that haven’t been integrated with SAML. ",{"data":137002,"content":137003,"nodeType":1505},{},[137004],{"data":137005,"content":137006,"nodeType":883},{},[137007],{"data":137008,"marks":137009,"value":137010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But, once you discover them and determine they support SAML, you should absolutely integrate them with your solution (if it makes sense to pay for the top-end license fees). ",{"data":137012,"content":137013,"nodeType":1505},{},[137014,137021],{"data":137015,"content":137016,"nodeType":883},{},[137017],{"data":137018,"marks":137019,"value":137020,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SSO isn’t available for most of the apps employees are using",{"data":137022,"content":137023,"nodeType":1526},{},[137024],{"data":137025,"content":137026,"nodeType":1505},{},[137027],{"data":137028,"content":137029,"nodeType":883},{},[137030],{"data":137031,"marks":137032,"value":137033,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When we reviewed 500 of the most popular apps that Push supports, we found that: ",{"data":137035,"content":137036,"nodeType":3914},{},[137037],{"data":137038,"content":137039,"nodeType":883},{},[137040],{"data":137041,"marks":137042,"value":137043,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Only around 1 out of 3 of apps even claim to support SAML and, of those, very few make it available on anything less than their top enterprise tiers",{"data":137045,"content":137049,"nodeType":892},{"target":137046},{"sys":137047},{"id":137048,"type":889,"linkType":890},"56nd8Na4I0efwOf9pfmB8s",[],{"data":137051,"content":137052,"nodeType":921},{},[137053],{"data":137054,"marks":137055,"value":137056,"nodeType":867},{},[],"New apps less likely to support SAML SSO than enterprise apps",{"data":137058,"content":137059,"nodeType":883},{},[137060],{"data":137061,"marks":137062,"value":137063,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We also noticed that the more modern, newer apps were less likely to offer SAML support than the larger, more established business apps. So if your strategy is to block access to any app that doesn’t offer SSO integrations, you’re going to have to block the majority of self-adopted apps your employees are using. This means employees will soon start trying to hide these newer apps from your security team.",{"data":137065,"content":137066,"nodeType":912},{},[137067],{"data":137068,"marks":137069,"value":137070,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Prevent credential stuffing attacks",{"data":137072,"content":137073,"nodeType":883},{},[137074],{"data":137075,"marks":137076,"value":137077,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While most of us agree that going SAML and/or passwordless is the goal, we will still need to find out about these identities being created so we can get them protected behind modern authentication mechanisms. ",{"data":137079,"content":137080,"nodeType":883},{},[137081],{"data":137082,"marks":137083,"value":137084,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In the meantime, it’s not even going to be practical to do that as these methods lack broad support, whether you can discover them or not. So, we’re going to need a solution that covers all the not-(or not yet-) SSO identities as well. ",{"data":137086,"content":137087,"nodeType":883},{},[137088],{"data":137089,"marks":137090,"value":137091,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This isn’t the end of the world, since using strong, unique passwords, coupled with multi factor authentication (MFA), are very effective identity and access controls that ensure only legitimate users gain access to an identity.",{"data":137093,"content":137094,"nodeType":921},{},[137095],{"data":137096,"marks":137097,"value":137098,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Implement sensible controls to prevent credential stuffing attacks",{"data":137100,"content":137101,"nodeType":883},{},[137102],{"data":137103,"marks":137104,"value":137105,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To stop these  attacks (and a whole host of other attacks like brute force attacks to boot) you will need to implement the following controls on all accounts (not just the ones in your IdP or managed identity platform):",{"data":137107,"content":137111,"nodeType":892},{"target":137108},{"sys":137109},{"id":137110,"type":889,"linkType":890},"JU64Zj7eiqS1s5OfWmZyo",[],{"data":137113,"content":137114,"nodeType":921},{},[137115],{"data":137116,"marks":137117,"value":137118,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You need to know not just what apps employees are using, but also how they’re accessing them",{"data":137120,"content":137121,"nodeType":883},{},[137122],{"data":137123,"marks":137124,"value":137125,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s useful to note from the requirements that you must have visibility of cloud identities being created, the protocols they use and which app or IdP they exist on - not just which employee is accessing a SaaS website.",{"data":137127,"content":137128,"nodeType":883},{},[137129],{"data":137130,"marks":137131,"value":137132,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There’s only one place where we can get data about who is using which SaaS apps, as well as the ability to inspect passwords and check MFA status for each user…",{"data":137134,"content":137135,"nodeType":883},{},[137136],{"data":137137,"marks":137138,"value":137139,"nodeType":867},{},[],"…The employee’s browsers.",{"data":137141,"content":137142,"nodeType":921},{},[137143],{"data":137144,"marks":137145,"value":137146,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Benefits of using the browser as a shadow identity and shadow IT discovery method",{"data":137148,"content":137149,"nodeType":883},{},[137150],{"data":137151,"marks":137152,"value":137153,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is the reason we have chosen to build our solution using a browser extension. It allows us to:",{"data":137155,"content":137156,"nodeType":1526},{},[137157,137167,137177,137187],{"data":137158,"content":137159,"nodeType":1505},{},[137160],{"data":137161,"content":137162,"nodeType":883},{},[137163],{"data":137164,"marks":137165,"value":137166,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Directly observe each identity’s authentication mechanism (SAML, OICD, or local password),",{"data":137168,"content":137169,"nodeType":1505},{},[137170],{"data":137171,"content":137172,"nodeType":883},{},[137173],{"data":137174,"marks":137175,"value":137176,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Enforce strong user credentials. When passwords are used, assess their strength and whether they are being shared or reused across multiple accounts, and ",{"data":137178,"content":137179,"nodeType":1505},{},[137180],{"data":137181,"content":137182,"nodeType":883},{},[137183],{"data":137184,"marks":137185,"value":137186,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Check if each password has already shown up in breached credential dumps, and",{"data":137188,"content":137189,"nodeType":1505},{},[137190],{"data":137191,"content":137192,"nodeType":883},{},[137193],{"data":137194,"marks":137195,"value":137196,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Allow security teams to fix any accounts that don’t meet their policies or expectations.",{"data":137198,"content":137199,"nodeType":912},{},[137200],{"data":137201,"marks":137202,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":137204,"content":137205,"nodeType":883},{},[137206,137210,137219,137223,137231],{"data":137207,"marks":137208,"value":137209,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve written in much more detail about why discovering employee identities and SaaS use through the browser makes the most sense in this very biased (but reasonable!) ",{"data":137211,"content":137214,"nodeType":13489},{"target":137212},{"sys":137213},{"id":135473,"type":889,"linkType":890},[137215],{"data":137216,"marks":137217,"value":94751,"nodeType":867},{},[137218],{"type":876},{"data":137220,"marks":137221,"value":137222,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Give it a read and have a think about it. 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:139332,"title":132376,"synopsis":139764,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":139765,"slug":132377,"tagsCollection":139766,"authorsCollection":139770},{"id":131888},{"json":139333},{"data":139334,"content":139335,"nodeType":1569},{},[139336,139343,139350,139357,139364,139371,139377,139384,139391,139398,139405,139411,139418,139424,139444,139451,139457,139475,139494,139513,139520,139527,139534,139541,139547,139553,139560,139567,139574,139581,139587,139594,139642,139648,139654,139672,139678,139685,139691,139698,139704,139711,139718,139724,139730,139736,139743,139750,139757],{"data":139337,"content":139338,"nodeType":883},{},[139339],{"data":139340,"marks":139341,"value":139342,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As an attacker, we have a wide range of persistence options available to us in a traditional account or endpoint compromise scenario. From discovering a user's password, to creating new backdoor accounts, to using one of an insane number of \"run keys\" to keep an implant running beyond reboot, or even moving laterally to other internal systems - an attacker has plenty of choice.",{"data":139344,"content":139345,"nodeType":883},{},[139346],{"data":139347,"marks":139348,"value":139349,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But how does this change in a SaaS-first world? In this post, we'll consider some of the new challenges and opportunities that are presented to an attacker who wants to maintain persistence in the new world order, so you can better investigate incidents and quickly defend against attacks. We'll cover a variety of techniques, including malicious mail rules, OAuth backdoor tricks and document sharing links to see how persistence can be maintained, even in the event of password changes and device wipes.",{"data":139351,"content":139352,"nodeType":912},{},[139353],{"data":139354,"marks":139355,"value":139356,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So what’s changed?",{"data":139358,"content":139359,"nodeType":883},{},[139360],{"data":139361,"marks":139362,"value":139363,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a traditional compromise scenario, a common example would be an endpoint compromised through phishing, which is used to deliver a malicious implant to establish a command and control channel with the endpoint. In order to maintain access, an attacker would likely use one or more endpoint persistence methods to ensure their implant is launched again post-reboot when the user turns their laptop off for the day. ",{"data":139365,"content":139366,"nodeType":883},{},[139367],{"data":139368,"marks":139369,"value":139370,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This would often become a foothold into the internal network of the compromised organization. The endpoint or user is the start, but an attacker may seek to move laterally to other endpoints and servers on the internal network, where security is often much lower than the external perimeter.",{"data":139372,"content":139376,"nodeType":892},{"target":139373},{"sys":139374},{"id":139375,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5aSsHI9aZjsZIIXcV3YDYk",[],{"data":139378,"content":139379,"nodeType":883},{},[139380],{"data":139381,"marks":139382,"value":139383,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In a SaaS-first world, this situation has begun to change somewhat. There are many companies now that have significantly reduced the size of their internal networks or are even fully in the cloud and do not have any internal network infrastructure. In this case, traditional lateral movement becomes much more difficult or impossible. Additionally, endpoints are becoming increasingly hard targets to compromise and incident response teams have matured and have gotten better at cleaning up endpoint compromises. ",{"data":139385,"content":139386,"nodeType":883},{},[139387],{"data":139388,"marks":139389,"value":139390,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The consequence of this is that attackers need to make the most use of the access they have during an endpoint or user compromise and maintain access where possible, even in the event of a password reset and full laptop wipe. Additionally, new SaaS-focused persistence options are now possible, which are also often resistant to password changes and endpoints wipes, so these are increasingly attractive options for an attacker. ",{"data":139392,"content":139393,"nodeType":883},{},[139394],{"data":139395,"marks":139396,"value":139397,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One other change is that persistence is less binary than it has been traditionally. Typically, persistence would often be on a per-user or per-endpoint basis. Either an attacker would have full control of a user account (e.g. knowing the password) or full control of an endpoint (e.g. an implant running on the endpoint). The main differentiation would be in whether endpoint-level access was administrative level control over the endpoint or an implant running as a low-privileged user account. However, in the SaaS-world persistence is much more asset dependent and thus less binary. It could be persistent access to email, or documents, or chat conversations or any number of other assets and capabilities.",{"data":139399,"content":139400,"nodeType":921},{},[139401],{"data":139402,"marks":139403,"value":139404,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Mail rules",{"data":139406,"content":139410,"nodeType":892},{"target":139407},{"sys":139408},{"id":139409,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3bcLzOfZupSDatdzfFrJDQ",[],{"data":139412,"content":139413,"nodeType":883},{},[139414],{"data":139415,"marks":139416,"value":139417,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Mail rules are a handy feature found in most email clients. You might have used them to forward emails to your teammates while you’re off sipping Piña Coladas, or to move incoming email from that spammy colleague to the “don’t read” folder. However, they can also be used for a range of malicious activities, such as forwarding emails to an external address (e.g. password resets, invoices, “confidential” emails etc) or deleting emails (e.g. security alerts!). A good example of a real-world attack involving this technique was the 2020 SANS breach.\n",{"data":139419,"content":139423,"nodeType":892},{"target":139420},{"sys":139421},{"id":139422,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5RoIfopOGmTaORtG7fqYQo",[],{"data":139425,"content":139426,"nodeType":883},{},[139427,139431,139441],{"data":139428,"marks":139429,"value":139430,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you want to read more about this technique, you can check out our ",{"data":139432,"content":139436,"nodeType":13489},{"target":139433},{"sys":139434},{"id":139435,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2zZ8kxP0t8Smi9b6hpT34k",[139437],{"data":139438,"marks":139439,"value":139440,"nodeType":867},{},[],"previous article",{"data":139442,"marks":139443,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":139445,"content":139446,"nodeType":921},{},[139447],{"data":139448,"marks":139449,"value":139450,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OAuth attack #1: Custom OAuth app integration",{"data":139452,"content":139456,"nodeType":892},{"target":139453},{"sys":139454},{"id":139455,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7suW3GZpDsu2RnopkUiA3L",[],{"data":139458,"content":139459,"nodeType":883},{},[139460,139464,139472],{"data":139461,"marks":139462,"value":139463,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OAuth apps can be used to request permanent access to a set of permissions on behalf of a user. This can be as simple as the ability to verify a user’s identity for a simple social login or it could be as permissive as having full control over email, document stores, wiki pages, admin capabilities, etc. You can read more details about this in our ",{"data":139465,"content":139468,"nodeType":13489},{"target":139466},{"sys":139467},{"id":129325,"type":889,"linkType":890},[139469],{"data":139470,"marks":139471,"value":139440,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":139473,"marks":139474,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":139476,"content":139477,"nodeType":883},{},[139478,139482,139490],{"data":139479,"marks":139480,"value":139481,"nodeType":867},{},[],"However, from an attacker’s perspective a custom OAuth app could be created with sensitive permissions and connected to a user’s account in order to maintain access to their data. In the event that an attacker has compromised a user’s account or endpoint, they could directly consent to their own malicious OAuth app on behalf of the user in order to gain persistence. This could also be achieved as part of a ",{"data":139483,"content":139486,"nodeType":13489},{"target":139484},{"sys":139485},{"id":129256,"type":889,"linkType":890},[139487],{"data":139488,"marks":139489,"value":19145,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":139491,"marks":139492,"value":139493,"nodeType":867},{},[]," attack to effectively compromise a user’s account and gain this persistence at the same time. In either case, this would enable continued access to the user’s data even if their password is changed and their endpoint fully wiped.   ",{"data":139495,"content":139496,"nodeType":883},{},[139497,139501,139509],{"data":139498,"marks":139499,"value":139500,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attacks utilizing these types of techniques are becoming increasingly common and Microsoft even ",{"data":139502,"content":139504,"nodeType":878},{"uri":139503},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/09/22/malicious-OAuth-applications-used-to-compromise-email-servers-and-spread-spam/",[139505],{"data":139506,"marks":139507,"value":139508,"nodeType":867},{},[],"wrote about some real-world attacks",{"data":139510,"marks":139511,"value":139512,"nodeType":867},{},[]," they uncovered recently that involved the use of malicious OAuth apps.",{"data":139514,"content":139515,"nodeType":921},{},[139516],{"data":139517,"marks":139518,"value":139519,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OAuth attack #2: SaaS platform integration",{"data":139521,"content":139522,"nodeType":883},{},[139523],{"data":139524,"marks":139525,"value":139526,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A similar approach to using a custom OAuth app is to make use of legitimate SaaS services that allow an attacker to make sensitive integrations as a more hide-in-plain-sight approach. For example, let’s take the popular SaaS platform Canva, a graphic design tool that is used to create social media graphics, presentations, posters, documents and other visual content, as an example. Canva, like many SaaS platforms, allows you to make integrations with document stores like OneDrive and Google Drive in order to easily import and export files between Canva and them. If an attacker is interested primarily in maintaining access to a user’s files, then they could make an integration with a platform like Canva and then use that to maintain access.",{"data":139528,"content":139529,"nodeType":883},{},[139530],{"data":139531,"marks":139532,"value":139533,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While this doesn’t provide any raw capabilities beyond a custom OAuth app, an attacker may be more likely to go undetected in this scenario. Discovering an integration with a completely unknown, unverified OAuth app that hasn’t been seen in use elsewhere in the organization, or anywhere at all, is suspicious. Finding an integration with a major SaaS platform, particularly if it is one in use by other users in the organization, is much less suspicious. Additionally, many of them will have verified ticks having been through Microsoft’s or Google’s own verification processes. The only downside for an attacker is having to find SaaS platforms that request the correct permissions and provide the functionality that the attacker is looking for, whereas a custom OAuth app could be used to request any permissions and code could be written to use those permissions however an attacker would like.",{"data":139535,"content":139536,"nodeType":883},{},[139537],{"data":139538,"marks":139539,"value":139540,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If a custom OAuth app is the equivalent of a custom implant on an endpoint, then using a legitimate SaaS platform integration is the equivalent of a more living-off-the-land approach, such as using TeamViewer, RDP or Powershell, etc.\n",{"data":139542,"content":139546,"nodeType":892},{"target":139543},{"sys":139544},{"id":139545,"type":889,"linkType":890},"53pL4O8zgfLBKqZbbcN3aI",[],{"data":139548,"content":139552,"nodeType":892},{"target":139549},{"sys":139550},{"id":139551,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6ovQnE1bu7tVCJr4OfzfhI",[],{"data":139554,"content":139555,"nodeType":921},{},[139556],{"data":139557,"marks":139558,"value":139559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OAuth attack #3: Legitimate desktop/mobile app impersonation",{"data":139561,"content":139562,"nodeType":883},{},[139563],{"data":139564,"marks":139565,"value":139566,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ok, we promise this is the last OAuth variation example - but it’s another interesting way to abuse OAuth connections! Previously, we spoke of either connecting a custom OAuth app or using an OAuth integration via a legitimate SaaS platform. A custom OAuth app has the most flexibility for an attacker, but looks far more suspicious if discovered, whereas a legitimate SaaS platform looks much more….well, legitimate!",{"data":139568,"content":139569,"nodeType":883},{},[139570],{"data":139571,"marks":139572,"value":139573,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What if you could have both of those advantages in one? Well, that can be achieved, too! The reason SaaS platforms don’t have the same flexibility is because they keep their client IDs and secrets for their apps so the attacker can only use the OAuth app indirectly via the features provided by the SaaS platform. However, some OAuth connections are made using desktop or mobile apps that obviously can’t keep their OAuth app secrets secret from a user. While it is generally not possible for an attacker to make use of these in a consent phishing attack, due to not controlling the reply URLs, they can be used in a pure persistence scenario with an already compromised account. ",{"data":139575,"content":139576,"nodeType":883},{},[139577],{"data":139578,"marks":139579,"value":139580,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Let’s take Mozilla Thunderbird, a cross-platform email client, as an example. The client IDs and secrets for different OAuth apps are actually stored in the source code in this case: ",{"data":139582,"content":139586,"nodeType":892},{"target":139583},{"sys":139584},{"id":139585,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3Ed90clKC3GG4BcPfeV6Nm",[],{"data":139588,"content":139589,"nodeType":883},{},[139590],{"data":139591,"marks":139592,"value":139593,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As an attacker, this gives us multiple advantages. ",{"data":139595,"content":139596,"nodeType":1526},{},[139597,139612,139627],{"data":139598,"content":139599,"nodeType":1505},{},[139600],{"data":139601,"content":139602,"nodeType":883},{},[139603,139608],{"data":139604,"marks":139605,"value":139607,"nodeType":867},{},[139606],{"type":910},"App Impersonation",{"data":139609,"marks":139610,"value":139611,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - These are client IDs that will be seen in use legitimately by other users and we can impersonate them. In Thunderbird’s case, the Microsoft app isn’t actually a verified app but the Google one shows as verified. Whatever the case, it looks much less suspicious than a completely unknown app with no known business use case. ",{"data":139613,"content":139614,"nodeType":1505},{},[139615],{"data":139616,"content":139617,"nodeType":883},{},[139618,139623],{"data":139619,"marks":139620,"value":139622,"nodeType":867},{},[139621],{"type":910},"Flexible Use",{"data":139624,"marks":139625,"value":139626,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - We have access to the client IDs and secrets, so we can do whatever we want with the OAuth integration, writing custom code to query APIs as we please. We are not limited to the functionality provided by Thunderbird itself.\n",{"data":139628,"content":139629,"nodeType":1505},{},[139630],{"data":139631,"content":139632,"nodeType":883},{},[139633,139638],{"data":139634,"marks":139635,"value":139637,"nodeType":867},{},[139636],{"type":910},"Arbitrary Permission Granting",{"data":139639,"marks":139640,"value":139641,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - We aren’t actually limited to just the permissions that Thunderbird would normally request (e.g. email/calendar). Since we’re in control of the OAuth secrets, we can just request whatever scopes we want. For example, shown below is us using the Microsoft Thunderbird OAuth secrets to request permissions that also include access to all files, Sharepoint, AD access, etc. \n",{"data":139643,"content":139647,"nodeType":892},{"target":139644},{"sys":139645},{"id":139646,"type":889,"linkType":890},"22nQPPKCgUUEr7QPQBFHNS",[],{"data":139649,"content":139653,"nodeType":892},{"target":139650},{"sys":139651},{"id":139652,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5eIVlfPzpxuO7D41r7DPfe",[],{"data":139655,"content":139656,"nodeType":1526},{},[139657],{"data":139658,"content":139659,"nodeType":1505},{},[139660],{"data":139661,"content":139662,"nodeType":883},{},[139663,139668],{"data":139664,"marks":139665,"value":139667,"nodeType":867},{},[139666],{"type":910},"(Semi-)Bypass Google Restricted Scopes",{"data":139669,"marks":139670,"value":139671,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - When it comes to arbitrary permission granting, there is a caveat with Google in that some of the more sensitive scopes Google offer are only available to selected approved and verified apps. Therefore, we can’t necessarily just request access to any permission with Google. For example, if we modify Thunderbird to request access to Google Drive (a restricted scope) then we get the following: ",{"data":139673,"content":139677,"nodeType":892},{"target":139674},{"sys":139675},{"id":139676,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3HIcve3zqVFheiZ2tJILJl",[],{"data":139679,"content":139680,"nodeType":883},{},[139681],{"data":139682,"marks":139683,"value":139684,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Access to Gmail is also considered a restricted scope. However, obviously Thunderbird is an email client, so if it uses OAuth it’s going to want access to Gmail, right? Well, yes, the Thunderbird app ID is permitted access to Gmail data, so we can use it to gain that access and appear as a legitimate verified app, in addition to requesting any other non-restricted permissions we’re interested in: ",{"data":139686,"content":139690,"nodeType":892},{"target":139687},{"sys":139688},{"id":139689,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5SqY9Q2g7DpHhCGJVQDcgF",[],{"data":139692,"content":139693,"nodeType":921},{},[139694],{"data":139695,"marks":139696,"value":139697,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Document-sharing links",{"data":139699,"content":139703,"nodeType":892},{"target":139700},{"sys":139701},{"id":139702,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2EEC98Ros0MdMX2gt4OGKe",[],{"data":139705,"content":139706,"nodeType":883},{},[139707],{"data":139708,"marks":139709,"value":139710,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Ok, no more OAuth, we promise! The final option we want to highlight is the (ab-)use of document-sharing links. Many organizations make use of OneDrive, Sharepoint and Google Drive for document editing, sharing and collaboration. However, it’s pretty common to want to share documents with people outside your organization sometimes too, right? That’s where document-sharing links come in. You can create a document sharing link to share with specific individuals in other Google/Azure organizations or you can create anonymous links that anyone with knowledge of the (unguessable randomized) link can access.",{"data":139712,"content":139713,"nodeType":883},{},[139714],{"data":139715,"marks":139716,"value":139717,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Very similar functionality is present in both OneDrive and Google Drive, but this same legitimate functionality can also be abused by attackers to maintain backdoor access to either select files or entire root folders. Sharing a root folder will cause future files to inherit those sharing permissions. This is a modern repeat of the age-old problem of access control list (ACL) management on internal file servers, only now internet-based attackers can potentially abuse this without needing VPN or similar access. ",{"data":139719,"content":139723,"nodeType":892},{"target":139720},{"sys":139721},{"id":139722,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4IUv2rbEMXrJUAdEYC9xxD",[],{"data":139725,"content":139729,"nodeType":892},{"target":139726},{"sys":139727},{"id":139728,"type":889,"linkType":890},"bMAt7XvLmIEIDwzZrAawU",[],{"data":139731,"content":139732,"nodeType":921},{},[139733],{"data":139734,"marks":139735,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":139737,"content":139738,"nodeType":883},{},[139739],{"data":139740,"marks":139741,"value":139742,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We've demonstrated a few new persistence options attackers are using against organizations as they move to the cloud. While some existing persistence and lateral movement options are no longer working in these environments, attackers have been able to quickly adapt to new conditions to get at their targets.",{"data":139744,"content":139745,"nodeType":883},{},[139746],{"data":139747,"marks":139748,"value":139749,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Some of these attacks have already been seen in the wild and others may already be happening under the radar. In any case, being aware of how attackers will try to compromise SaaS-first organizations helps you prepare to defend and respond to these attacks. ",{"data":139751,"content":139752,"nodeType":883},{},[139753],{"data":139754,"marks":139755,"value":139756,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s extremely important for incident response teams to adapt to these changes, as a password reset and a device wipe is not sufficient to regain control of a user account, even when no lateral movement to internal systems has been performed.",{"data":139758,"content":139759,"nodeType":883},{},[139760],{"data":139761,"marks":139762,"value":139763,"nodeType":867},{},[],"New steps need to be added to IR playbooks in the event of user or device compromises to cover the revocation of OAuth permissions and refresh tokens, the auditing of mail rules and changes to document sharing configurations.","Attackers have loads of persistence options in an endpoint compromise scenario, but what changes in a SaaS-first world? We talk new attack methods in this post.","2022-11-29T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":139767},[139768],{"sys":139769,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"items":139771},[139772],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":139773},{"url":855},"blog/nearly-invisible-attack-chain",{"json":139776},{"data":139777,"content":139778,"nodeType":1569},{},[139779],{"data":139780,"content":139781,"nodeType":883},{},[139782],{"data":139783,"marks":139784,"value":139785,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’re going to demonstrate how combining two of our favorite new SaaS attack techniques - from our SaaS Attacks Matrix research - makes a simple, but very stealthy approach that maintains persistent access.",{"id":127134,"publishedAt":139787},"2026-08-12T11:55:59.906Z",{"items":139789},[139790,139792],{"sys":139791,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":139793,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":139795},[139796,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814],{"sys":139797,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":139799,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":139801,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":139803,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":139805,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":139807,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":139809,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":139811,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":139813,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45},{"id":365},{"sys":139815,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},"dOWGpyVPlOdvk8MP541yXUYAhD19BxKwElFq8HzGBV4",{"id":139818,"title":139819,"authorsCollection":139820,"content":139824,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":140554,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":140556,"metaTitle":140557,"ogImage":59,"postType":40394,"publishedDate":140558,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":140559,"slug":142176,"stem":142177,"subtitle":59,"summary":142178,"synopsis":142189,"sys":142190,"tagsCollection":142193,"topicsCollection":142199,"__hash__":142215},"blog/blog/the-risky-terrain-of-oauth-scopes-in-third-party.json","Under the radar: The risky terrain of OAuth scopes in third-party Integrations",{"items":139821},[139822],{"fullName":124442,"firstName":124443,"jobTitle":124444,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":139823},{"url":124446},{"json":139825,"links":140543},{"data":139826,"content":139827,"nodeType":1569},{},[139828,139835,139842,139849,139857,139905,139912,139919,139926,139934,140026,140033,140040,140047,140054,140101,140108,140115,140123,140170,140177,140206,140213,140221,140313,140320,140327,140334,140342,140388,140395,140402,140409,140417,140458,140465,140472,140479,140498,140505,140512,140532,140537],{"data":139829,"content":139830,"nodeType":883},{},[139831],{"data":139832,"marks":139833,"value":139834,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While OAuth scopes are instrumental in providing seamless online user authentication, they also carry significant risk in terms of security breaches. This risk magnifies when exposed to malicious actors, who can exploit certain high-risk scopes such as Microsoft 365’s “MailboxSettings.ReadWrite”, and Google Workspace’s “gmail.settings.sharing” to carry out nefarious actions.",{"data":139836,"content":139837,"nodeType":883},{},[139838],{"data":139839,"marks":139840,"value":139841,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This article includes the most common high-risk scopes that may pose risk to your organization following the compromise of a third-party integration. Watch out for these common, dangerous scopes in your next risk assessment.",{"data":139843,"content":139844,"nodeType":912},{},[139845],{"data":139846,"marks":139847,"value":139848,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Capability: Backdoor Mailbox",{"data":139850,"content":139851,"nodeType":883},{},[139852],{"data":139853,"marks":139854,"value":139856,"nodeType":867},{},[139855],{"type":2278},"Types of attacks: Business email compromise, account takeover via password reset email",{"data":139858,"content":139859,"nodeType":3329},{},[139860,139882],{"data":139861,"content":139862,"nodeType":3236},{},[139863,139873],{"data":139864,"content":139865,"nodeType":3250},{},[139866],{"data":139867,"content":139868,"nodeType":883},{},[139869],{"data":139870,"marks":139871,"value":139872,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft 365 / Azure",{"data":139874,"content":139875,"nodeType":3250},{},[139876],{"data":139877,"content":139878,"nodeType":883},{},[139879],{"data":139880,"marks":139881,"value":87165,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":139883,"content":139884,"nodeType":3236},{},[139885,139895],{"data":139886,"content":139887,"nodeType":3250},{},[139888],{"data":139889,"content":139890,"nodeType":883},{},[139891],{"data":139892,"marks":139893,"value":139894,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MailboxSettings.ReadWrite",{"data":139896,"content":139897,"nodeType":3250},{},[139898],{"data":139899,"content":139900,"nodeType":883},{},[139901],{"data":139902,"marks":139903,"value":139904,"nodeType":867},{},[],"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.settings.sharing",{"data":139906,"content":139907,"nodeType":883},{},[139908],{"data":139909,"marks":139910,"value":139911,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scopes that allow you to alter sensitive mailbox settings, such as forwarding rules, can allow malicious actors to take over a user’s mailbox by moving, deleting, or forwarding mail externally. This type of attack is typically prevalent in business email compromise (BEC) scenarios where malicious actors intercepts sensitive communications, leading to invoice fraud as an example.",{"data":139913,"content":139914,"nodeType":883},{},[139915],{"data":139916,"marks":139917,"value":139918,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The malicious actor would also be able to forward password reset email requests and delete the email from the victim’s inbox to avoid detection, thereby gaining the ability to reset credentials and gain access to third-party SaaS applications while remaining undetected.",{"data":139920,"content":139921,"nodeType":912},{},[139922],{"data":139923,"marks":139924,"value":139925,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Capability: Account Takeover, Privilege Escalation",{"data":139927,"content":139928,"nodeType":883},{},[139929],{"data":139930,"marks":139931,"value":139933,"nodeType":867},{},[139932],{"type":2278},"Types of attacks: account takeover via password reset, privilege escalation via group membership change",{"data":139935,"content":139936,"nodeType":3329},{},[139937,139958,139981,140004],{"data":139938,"content":139939,"nodeType":3236},{},[139940,139949],{"data":139941,"content":139942,"nodeType":3250},{},[139943],{"data":139944,"content":139945,"nodeType":883},{},[139946],{"data":139947,"marks":139948,"value":139872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":139950,"content":139951,"nodeType":3250},{},[139952],{"data":139953,"content":139954,"nodeType":883},{},[139955],{"data":139956,"marks":139957,"value":87165,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":139959,"content":139960,"nodeType":3236},{},[139961,139971],{"data":139962,"content":139963,"nodeType":3250},{},[139964],{"data":139965,"content":139966,"nodeType":883},{},[139967],{"data":139968,"marks":139969,"value":139970,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Directory.ReadWrite.All",{"data":139972,"content":139973,"nodeType":3250},{},[139974],{"data":139975,"content":139976,"nodeType":883},{},[139977],{"data":139978,"marks":139979,"value":139980,"nodeType":867},{},[],"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/admin.directory.user.security",{"data":139982,"content":139983,"nodeType":3236},{},[139984,139994],{"data":139985,"content":139986,"nodeType":3250},{},[139987],{"data":139988,"content":139989,"nodeType":883},{},[139990],{"data":139991,"marks":139992,"value":139993,"nodeType":867},{},[],"User.ReadWrite.All",{"data":139995,"content":139996,"nodeType":3250},{},[139997],{"data":139998,"content":139999,"nodeType":883},{},[140000],{"data":140001,"marks":140002,"value":140003,"nodeType":867},{},[],"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/admin.directory.user",{"data":140005,"content":140006,"nodeType":3236},{},[140007,140016],{"data":140008,"content":140009,"nodeType":3250},{},[140010],{"data":140011,"content":140012,"nodeType":883},{},[140013],{"data":140014,"marks":140015,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140017,"content":140018,"nodeType":3250},{},[140019],{"data":140020,"content":140021,"nodeType":883},{},[140022],{"data":140023,"marks":140024,"value":140025,"nodeType":867},{},[],"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/admin.directory.group",{"data":140027,"content":140028,"nodeType":883},{},[140029],{"data":140030,"marks":140031,"value":140032,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The above scopes are typically used by applications that perform identity management within your cloud environment. “Directory.ReadWrite.All” for example, allows you to read and modify practically any aspect of objects within your directory. This includes group membership, password resets, and re-enabling previously disabled accounts. ",{"data":140034,"content":140035,"nodeType":883},{},[140036],{"data":140037,"marks":140038,"value":140039,"nodeType":867},{},[],"“User.ReadWrite.All” has similar privileges, albeit limited in scope to user accounts only. An attacker in a position to abuse such scopes would be able to take over accounts, escalate privileges by assigning the accounts to privileged groups, and remain under the radar by making use of previously disabled accounts.",{"data":140041,"content":140042,"nodeType":912},{},[140043],{"data":140044,"marks":140045,"value":140046,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Capability: Email Access",{"data":140048,"content":140049,"nodeType":883},{},[140050],{"data":140051,"marks":140052,"value":139856,"nodeType":867},{},[140053],{"type":2278},{"data":140055,"content":140056,"nodeType":3329},{},[140057,140078],{"data":140058,"content":140059,"nodeType":3236},{},[140060,140069],{"data":140061,"content":140062,"nodeType":3250},{},[140063],{"data":140064,"content":140065,"nodeType":883},{},[140066],{"data":140067,"marks":140068,"value":139872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140070,"content":140071,"nodeType":3250},{},[140072],{"data":140073,"content":140074,"nodeType":883},{},[140075],{"data":140076,"marks":140077,"value":87165,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140079,"content":140080,"nodeType":3236},{},[140081,140091],{"data":140082,"content":140083,"nodeType":3250},{},[140084],{"data":140085,"content":140086,"nodeType":883},{},[140087],{"data":140088,"marks":140089,"value":140090,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Mail.ReadWrite",{"data":140092,"content":140093,"nodeType":3250},{},[140094],{"data":140095,"content":140096,"nodeType":883},{},[140097],{"data":140098,"marks":140099,"value":140100,"nodeType":867},{},[],"https://mail.google.com/",{"data":140102,"content":140103,"nodeType":883},{},[140104],{"data":140105,"marks":140106,"value":140107,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scopes that have direct access to mailboxes naturally provide risk in terms of a malicious actor’s ability to read sensitive information, and access to third-party SaaS applications’ password reset email requests, not unlike the ‘Backdoor Mailbox’ capability.",{"data":140109,"content":140110,"nodeType":912},{},[140111],{"data":140112,"marks":140113,"value":140114,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Capability: Access as User",{"data":140116,"content":140117,"nodeType":883},{},[140118],{"data":140119,"marks":140120,"value":140122,"nodeType":867},{},[140121],{"type":2278},"Types of attacks: Gain access to resources available to the particular account",{"data":140124,"content":140125,"nodeType":3329},{},[140126,140147],{"data":140127,"content":140128,"nodeType":3236},{},[140129,140138],{"data":140130,"content":140131,"nodeType":3250},{},[140132],{"data":140133,"content":140134,"nodeType":883},{},[140135],{"data":140136,"marks":140137,"value":139872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140139,"content":140140,"nodeType":3250},{},[140141],{"data":140142,"content":140143,"nodeType":883},{},[140144],{"data":140145,"marks":140146,"value":87165,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140148,"content":140149,"nodeType":3236},{},[140150,140160],{"data":140151,"content":140152,"nodeType":3250},{},[140153],{"data":140154,"content":140155,"nodeType":883},{},[140156],{"data":140157,"marks":140158,"value":140159,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Directory.AccessAsUser.All",{"data":140161,"content":140162,"nodeType":3250},{},[140163],{"data":140164,"content":140165,"nodeType":883},{},[140166],{"data":140167,"marks":140168,"value":140169,"nodeType":867},{},[],"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform",{"data":140171,"content":140172,"nodeType":883},{},[140173],{"data":140174,"marks":140175,"value":140176,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Scopes that provide “Access as User” privileges are typically used by applications that need to impersonate a user and their access permissions. This may not sound super risky at the surface level, but if you consider that a user may have access to shared resources across an organization, the risk starts to add up.",{"data":140178,"content":140179,"nodeType":883},{},[140180,140184,140191,140195,140202],{"data":140181,"marks":140182,"value":140183,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One example of the impact of such scopes is noted in Chris Moberly's incredibly informative ",{"data":140185,"content":140187,"nodeType":878},{"uri":140186},"https://initblog.com/2020/gcp-post-exploitation/",[140188],{"data":140189,"marks":140190,"value":94751,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140192,"marks":140193,"value":140194,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where the “",{"data":140196,"content":140197,"nodeType":878},{"uri":140169},[140198],{"data":140199,"marks":140200,"value":140169,"nodeType":867},{},[140201],{"type":876},{"data":140203,"marks":140204,"value":140205,"nodeType":867},{},[],"” scope is abused to authenticate to practically all API functions within Google Cloud, and in turn access the owner’s data.",{"data":140207,"content":140208,"nodeType":912},{},[140209],{"data":140210,"marks":140211,"value":140212,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Capability: OneDrive / SharePoint /  Google Drive File Access",{"data":140214,"content":140215,"nodeType":883},{},[140216],{"data":140217,"marks":140218,"value":140220,"nodeType":867},{},[140219],{"type":2278},"Types of attacks: Gain access to all files stored within the OneDrive/SharePoint or Google Drive services",{"data":140222,"content":140223,"nodeType":3329},{},[140224,140245,140268,140291],{"data":140225,"content":140226,"nodeType":3236},{},[140227,140236],{"data":140228,"content":140229,"nodeType":3250},{},[140230],{"data":140231,"content":140232,"nodeType":883},{},[140233],{"data":140234,"marks":140235,"value":139872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140237,"content":140238,"nodeType":3250},{},[140239],{"data":140240,"content":140241,"nodeType":883},{},[140242],{"data":140243,"marks":140244,"value":87165,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140246,"content":140247,"nodeType":3236},{},[140248,140258],{"data":140249,"content":140250,"nodeType":3250},{},[140251],{"data":140252,"content":140253,"nodeType":883},{},[140254],{"data":140255,"marks":140256,"value":140257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Files.ReadWrite.All / Files.Read.All",{"data":140259,"content":140260,"nodeType":3250},{},[140261],{"data":140262,"content":140263,"nodeType":883},{},[140264],{"data":140265,"marks":140266,"value":140267,"nodeType":867},{},[],"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive",{"data":140269,"content":140270,"nodeType":3236},{},[140271,140281],{"data":140272,"content":140273,"nodeType":3250},{},[140274],{"data":140275,"content":140276,"nodeType":883},{},[140277],{"data":140278,"marks":140279,"value":140280,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Sites.ReadWrite.All / Sites.Read.All",{"data":140282,"content":140283,"nodeType":3250},{},[140284],{"data":140285,"content":140286,"nodeType":883},{},[140287],{"data":140288,"marks":140289,"value":140290,"nodeType":867},{},[],"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.readonly",{"data":140292,"content":140293,"nodeType":3236},{},[140294,140303],{"data":140295,"content":140296,"nodeType":3250},{},[140297],{"data":140298,"content":140299,"nodeType":883},{},[140300],{"data":140301,"marks":140302,"value":115829,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140304,"content":140305,"nodeType":3250},{},[140306],{"data":140307,"content":140308,"nodeType":883},{},[140309],{"data":140310,"marks":140311,"value":140312,"nodeType":867},{},[],"https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file",{"data":140314,"content":140315,"nodeType":883},{},[140316],{"data":140317,"marks":140318,"value":140319,"nodeType":867},{},[],"OneDrive, SharePoint, and Google Drive are likely the services where some of the most sensitive content in your organization resides. Scopes that provide access to document stores should thus be treated as having access to critical information (think PII, trade secrets, acquisition deals).",{"data":140321,"content":140322,"nodeType":883},{},[140323],{"data":140324,"marks":140325,"value":140326,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Document theft would be possible with the read-only scopes. However, a malicious actor with ‘write’ permissions would be able to expand into another level of attacks which involves manipulating the content of documents. This could include altering banking details on invoices, or the inclusion of malicious code in macros embedded in the documents, leading to code execution and further compromise.",{"data":140328,"content":140329,"nodeType":912},{},[140330],{"data":140331,"marks":140332,"value":140333,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Capability: Privilege Escalation, Persistence",{"data":140335,"content":140336,"nodeType":883},{},[140337],{"data":140338,"marks":140339,"value":140341,"nodeType":867},{},[140340],{"type":2278},"Types of attacks: Adding credentials, backdooring applications",{"data":140343,"content":140344,"nodeType":3329},{},[140345,140366],{"data":140346,"content":140347,"nodeType":3236},{},[140348,140357],{"data":140349,"content":140350,"nodeType":3250},{},[140351],{"data":140352,"content":140353,"nodeType":883},{},[140354],{"data":140355,"marks":140356,"value":139872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140358,"content":140359,"nodeType":3250},{},[140360],{"data":140361,"content":140362,"nodeType":883},{},[140363],{"data":140364,"marks":140365,"value":87165,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140367,"content":140368,"nodeType":3236},{},[140369,140379],{"data":140370,"content":140371,"nodeType":3250},{},[140372],{"data":140373,"content":140374,"nodeType":883},{},[140375],{"data":140376,"marks":140377,"value":140378,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Application.ReadWrite.All",{"data":140380,"content":140381,"nodeType":3250},{},[140382],{"data":140383,"content":140384,"nodeType":883},{},[140385],{"data":140386,"marks":140387,"value":140169,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140389,"content":140390,"nodeType":883},{},[140391],{"data":140392,"marks":140393,"value":140394,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The \"Application.ReadWrite.All\" scope could enable a malicious actor to add credentials to applications already present in your tenant, paving the way for privilege escalation.As an example, if a malicious actor compromises an application with this scope, they could add credentials to any other application in your tenant that has the \"Directory.ReadWrite.All\" scope, thereby gaining access to its data and privileges.",{"data":140396,"content":140397,"nodeType":883},{},[140398],{"data":140399,"marks":140400,"value":140401,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This naturally lends itself to a malicious actor gaining persistence via the addition of credentials to other applications. This would allow them to authenticate as these other applications within your Azure or Google tenants, and allow them to assume those applications’ privileges, too.",{"data":140403,"content":140404,"nodeType":912},{},[140405],{"data":140406,"marks":140407,"value":140408,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Capability: Teams chat history / OneNote access",{"data":140410,"content":140411,"nodeType":883},{},[140412],{"data":140413,"marks":140414,"value":140416,"nodeType":867},{},[140415],{"type":2278},"Types of attacks: Gain access to users’ teams chat histories or OneNote notes",{"data":140418,"content":140419,"nodeType":3329},{},[140420,140432,140445],{"data":140421,"content":140422,"nodeType":3236},{},[140423],{"data":140424,"content":140425,"nodeType":3250},{},[140426],{"data":140427,"content":140428,"nodeType":883},{},[140429],{"data":140430,"marks":140431,"value":139872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140433,"content":140434,"nodeType":3236},{},[140435],{"data":140436,"content":140437,"nodeType":3250},{},[140438],{"data":140439,"content":140440,"nodeType":883},{},[140441],{"data":140442,"marks":140443,"value":140444,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Chat.ReadWrite / Chat.ReadWrite.All",{"data":140446,"content":140447,"nodeType":3236},{},[140448],{"data":140449,"content":140450,"nodeType":3250},{},[140451],{"data":140452,"content":140453,"nodeType":883},{},[140454],{"data":140455,"marks":140456,"value":140457,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Notes.ReadWrite.All",{"data":140459,"content":140460,"nodeType":883},{},[140461],{"data":140462,"marks":140463,"value":140464,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If a malicious actor were to gain access to your meeting notes or Teams chat histories, what would they find? Perhaps passwords shared between team members or confidential proprietary information? With the scopes designated with ‘All’, a malicious actor will be able to pull the Teams or notes history of all users within the organization.",{"data":140466,"content":140467,"nodeType":912},{},[140468],{"data":140469,"marks":140470,"value":140471,"nodeType":867},{},[],"I found an integration we use that includes these dangerous scopes… now what?",{"data":140473,"content":140474,"nodeType":883},{},[140475],{"data":140476,"marks":140477,"value":140478,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While the scopes listed here are definitely some of the most dangerous when granted to third-party integrations, they will usually be paired with legitimate apps offering legitimate functionality. But then how do you determine which integrations need further scrutiny?",{"data":140480,"content":140481,"nodeType":883},{},[140482,140486,140495],{"data":140483,"marks":140484,"value":140485,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The biggest red flag you might come across would be an unrecognized or unapproved integration making use of these scopes, as it may be associated with attacks such as ",{"data":140487,"content":140490,"nodeType":13489},{"target":140488},{"sys":140489},{"id":129256,"type":889,"linkType":890},[140491],{"data":140492,"marks":140493,"value":19145,"nodeType":867},{},[140494],{"type":876},{"data":140496,"marks":140497,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":140499,"content":140500,"nodeType":883},{},[140501],{"data":140502,"marks":140503,"value":140504,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Determining their legitimacy should be the number one priority. This would hopefully be done via your security team having performed due diligence and permissions review, and ascertaining whether the app has legitimate use within the business. As with the consent phishing example, a user may have granted a third-party app access to their mailbox or OneDrive files without fully grasping the implications of their actions.",{"data":140506,"content":140507,"nodeType":883},{},[140508],{"data":140509,"marks":140510,"value":140511,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Push provides visibility to the security team whenever a new third-party integration is detected by way of notifications via a designated Slack or Teams channel. This may help your security team stay on top of unsanctioned apps by providing the ability to remove integrations which may provide unnecessary risk to your organization.",{"data":140513,"content":140514,"nodeType":883},{},[140515,140519,140528],{"data":140516,"marks":140517,"value":140518,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\nIf you’re interested in further reading about how attackers can compromise your environment through SaaS apps, ",{"data":140520,"content":140523,"nodeType":13489},{"target":140521},{"sys":140522},{"id":129213,"type":889,"linkType":890},[140524],{"data":140525,"marks":140526,"value":130164,"nodeType":867},{},[140527],{"type":876},{"data":140529,"marks":140530,"value":140531,"nodeType":867},{},[]," may shed some light on the topic. 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employee has added a new app-to-app (aka OAuth) integration to your Azure tenant or Google Workspace but you’re unsure of what it is or what risk it poses to your organization. We’ll cover a few techniques to help you assess the risk in this article.",{"data":141716,"content":141717,"nodeType":921},{},[141718],{"data":141719,"marks":141720,"value":120961,"nodeType":867},{},[141721],{"type":910},{"data":141723,"content":141724,"nodeType":883},{},[141725],{"data":141726,"marks":141727,"value":141728,"nodeType":867},{},[]," There are a few key questions to keep in mind when evaluating an OAuth integration:",{"data":141730,"content":141731,"nodeType":1526},{},[141732,141742,141752],{"data":141733,"content":141734,"nodeType":1505},{},[141735],{"data":141736,"content":141737,"nodeType":883},{},[141738],{"data":141739,"marks":141740,"value":141741,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Is the source (usually the app vendor) trustworthy?",{"data":141743,"content":141744,"nodeType":1505},{},[141745],{"data":141746,"content":141747,"nodeType":883},{},[141748],{"data":141749,"marks":141750,"value":141751,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What can it do if it is not trustworthy? Does it have access to your data? How much access? Does it request more permissions that it should need to function?",{"data":141753,"content":141754,"nodeType":1505},{},[141755],{"data":141756,"content":141757,"nodeType":883},{},[141758],{"data":141759,"marks":141760,"value":141761,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What does it actually do (i.e. what do the logs indicate)? Which teams or individuals will be using it and for what purposes?",{"data":141763,"content":141764,"nodeType":883},{},[141765],{"data":141766,"marks":141767,"value":141768,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There are a variety of data sources that can be considered for each of these primary questions, which we’ll break down in this next section:. ",{"data":141770,"content":141771,"nodeType":921},{},[141772],{"data":141773,"marks":141774,"value":141776,"nodeType":867},{},[141775],{"type":910},"Name and Verification Status",{"data":141778,"content":141779,"nodeType":883},{},[141780,141784,141793,141797,141806],{"data":141781,"marks":141782,"value":141783,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Every OAuth integration has a name and both Microsoft and Google verification processes that allow OAuth integrations to be verified as belonging to a particular company. Microsoft has a ",{"data":141785,"content":141787,"nodeType":878},{"uri":141786},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/publisher-verification-overview",[141788],{"data":141789,"marks":141790,"value":141792,"nodeType":867},{},[141791],{"type":876},"publisher verification process ",{"data":141794,"marks":141795,"value":141796,"nodeType":867},{},[],"that’s dependent on its Microsoft Cloud Partner Program, whereas Google has a ",{"data":141798,"content":141800,"nodeType":878},{"uri":141799},"https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/9110914?hl=en#zippy=%2Csteps-to-prepare-for-verification",[141801],{"data":141802,"marks":141803,"value":141805,"nodeType":867},{},[141804],{"type":876},"brand verification process",{"data":141807,"marks":141808,"value":141809,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that also has different levels of requirements depending on the level of data access requested.",{"data":141811,"content":141812,"nodeType":883},{},[141813,141817,141826],{"data":141814,"marks":141815,"value":141816,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While being verified does not mean an integration poses no risk – in fact, there ",{"data":141818,"content":141820,"nodeType":878},{"uri":141819},"https://msrc.microsoft.com/blog/2023/01/threat-actor-consent-phishing-campaign-abusing-the-verified-publisher-process/",[141821],{"data":141822,"marks":141823,"value":141825,"nodeType":867},{},[141824],{"type":876},"have been malicious phishing campaigns using verified publishers",{"data":141827,"marks":141828,"value":141829,"nodeType":867},{},[]," – it at least provides some extra assurance around what the integration actually is. This is especially true with Google integrations where access to restricted scopes has been granted.",{"data":141831,"content":141832,"nodeType":883},{},[141833],{"data":141834,"marks":141835,"value":141836,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, consider the Slack OAuth integration for Google Workspace. The name and icon make it very clear what the integration is claiming to be and the verification status shows that Google has verified this data - so you can quickly ensure the vendor is who they say they are, accept them as a third-party vendor, and move on to more traditional risk assessments. You can start to address questions like, “Should Slack be used within the organization?”  Does Slack as a company meet required security and compliance standards?” “Is an OAuth integration required or should it be used purely as a web or desktop app?,” and so on.   ",{"data":141838,"content":141842,"nodeType":892},{"target":141839},{"sys":141840},{"id":141841,"type":889,"linkType":890},"aYslILzQ1kwQUHy7Cw7lR",[],{"data":141844,"content":141848,"nodeType":892},{"target":141845},{"sys":141846},{"id":141847,"type":889,"linkType":890},"OmghmgRgSrdtMW9kgHaoa",[],{"data":141850,"content":141851,"nodeType":921},{},[141852],{"data":141853,"marks":141854,"value":141856,"nodeType":867},{},[141855],{"type":910},"Reply URLs and Approved Domains",{"data":141858,"content":141859,"nodeType":883},{},[141860],{"data":141861,"marks":141862,"value":141863,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Some integrations may be unverified or have very generic or confusing names that give little indication as to who is actually behind the integration. For example, consider the following Microsoft OAuth integration:",{"data":141865,"content":141869,"nodeType":892},{"target":141866},{"sys":141867},{"id":141868,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2smtwpUnKZElj4tmZUcobg",[],{"data":141871,"content":141875,"nodeType":892},{"target":141872},{"sys":141873},{"id":141874,"type":889,"linkType":890},"23Dg0elnnY1j0dHP3GICJc",[],{"data":141877,"content":141878,"nodeType":883},{},[141879],{"data":141880,"marks":141881,"value":141882,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This integration says that it’s Trello, the well known SaaS platform. However, it’s unverified, so how do we actually know it is really Trello and not a malicious app masquerading as Trello? Reply URLs (Microsoft) and approved domains (Google) are other interesting sources of data about an integration as they give authorized callback URLs. ",{"data":141884,"content":141885,"nodeType":883},{},[141886],{"data":141887,"marks":141888,"value":141889,"nodeType":867},{},[],"During a common code-based flow for an OAuth consent, once the user has authorized the request, a redirect needs to be made back to a domain/URL that is controlled by the OAuth app vendor to pass the code back to the app. Then the app can use the code to get a token that can be used to act on behalf of the user. ",{"data":141891,"content":141892,"nodeType":883},{},[141893],{"data":141894,"marks":141895,"value":141896,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If any domain or URL could be used then there would be nothing stopping an attacker from impersonating legitimate OAuth apps and having the details passed back to a domain they control. This is much less of an issue with code-based flows, since the attacker would need access to the app secrets as well. However, with implicit flows that pass the token back directly, that would mean an impersonation attack would be possible and implicit flows are still somewhat common. To guard against this, the app owner has to specify exactly which domains or URLs are permitted for sending codes and tokens to. ",{"data":141898,"content":141899,"nodeType":883},{},[141900,141904,141912],{"data":141901,"marks":141902,"value":141903,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For Microsoft, this is one of the many fields returned from Graph API if you ",{"data":141905,"content":141907,"nodeType":878},{"uri":141906},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/serviceprincipal-get?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http",[141908],{"data":141909,"marks":141910,"value":141911,"nodeType":867},{},[],"enumerate the service principals for apps installed",{"data":141913,"marks":141914,"value":141915,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on your tenant. ",{"data":141917,"content":141921,"nodeType":892},{"target":141918},{"sys":141919},{"id":141920,"type":889,"linkType":890},"115UEpFqDESlZJ0F5TqMjj",[],{"data":141923,"content":141924,"nodeType":883},{},[141925],{"data":141926,"marks":141927,"value":141928,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, the app has only one authorized reply URL, which points to trello.com. This means that authorization tokens can only be sent to this URL. So, for the integration to be used (or abused) the developer (or attacker) would need control of that domain. In this example, you’d have some assurance that this integration is legitimately associated with Trello. However, there are no guarantees. It’s possible for an attacker to put a range of domains in a malicious integration they control and they only need control of one domain to make use of it. So if attackerdomain.com was also present, then trello.com could just be an effort by an attacker to make their integration appear more legitimate. Therefore, you need to consider all domains present as a whole, as the presence of one known legitimate domain isn’t enough on its own if other domains might be questionable. ",{"data":141930,"content":141931,"nodeType":883},{},[141932,141936,141945],{"data":141933,"marks":141934,"value":141935,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One caveat here is that this is much less of an issue when it comes to Google apps that have been through Google brand verification. Part of the verification process involves ",{"data":141937,"content":141939,"nodeType":878},{"uri":141938},"https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/oauth2/production-readiness/brand-verification#authorized-domains",[141940],{"data":141941,"marks":141942,"value":141944,"nodeType":867},{},[141943],{"type":876},"ensuring that the vendor owns the domains",{"data":141946,"marks":141947,"value":141948,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (approved domains) registered in any callbacks. Therefore, if it’s a Google verified app then you don’t have to worry about legitimate domains being impersonated by an attacker to give a fake sense of legitimacy. ",{"data":141950,"content":141951,"nodeType":883},{},[141952],{"data":141953,"marks":141954,"value":141955,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It used to be possible to query the approved domains for a Google app via an undocumented API, however, this recently stopped returning this information. However, there are still other details returned by the API that can be of use during an investigation. See an example for Slack below, but you can replace the project ID in the URL with any app project ID:",{"data":141957,"content":141961,"nodeType":892},{"target":141958},{"sys":141959},{"id":141960,"type":889,"linkType":890},"4kw9ZSZaGhbmvrp3wlaJgW",[],{"data":141963,"content":141964,"nodeType":921},{},[141965],{"data":141966,"marks":141967,"value":141969,"nodeType":867},{},[141968],{"type":910},"Permissions",{"data":141971,"content":141972,"nodeType":883},{},[141973],{"data":141974,"marks":141975,"value":141976,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Both Google and Microsoft provide a very large number of permissions to give fine-grained control of what level of data access an OAuth integration has. This can be everything from a simple social login to access to high-risk data assets, like document stores and email inboxes, as well as administrative functionality. ",{"data":141978,"content":141979,"nodeType":883},{},[141980],{"data":141981,"marks":141982,"value":141983,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s worth noting a few differences between how Microsoft and Google handle these permissions. While both have a very large number of fine-grained permissions for users to delegate, Microsoft also has the concept of App Roles, which administrative users can consent to as well. These are often similarly named to delegated permissions, except they give access to data for all users rather than just for the user granting consent. ",{"data":141985,"content":141986,"nodeType":883},{},[141987,141991,142000],{"data":141988,"marks":141989,"value":141990,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, an ordinary user might be able to consent to grant access to their exchange email inbox using a delegated permission, but an app could also request access to an app role to allow access to all users’ email inboxes and an administrative user could consent to that using the same consent screen. Google does have similar capabilities but they are managed separately ",{"data":141992,"content":141994,"nodeType":878},{"uri":141993},"https://support.google.com/a/answer/162106?hl=en",[141995],{"data":141996,"marks":141997,"value":141999,"nodeType":867},{},[141998],{"type":876},"using domain-wide delegation",{"data":142001,"marks":142002,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":142004,"content":142005,"nodeType":883},{},[142006],{"data":142007,"marks":142008,"value":142009,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Another important difference to consider here is that, as mentioned in the section above about verification, Google has different verification requirements depending on the data access requested. Microsoft allows even unverified apps to request access to any data, whereas Google designates some of the most sensitive data sources (such as Google Drive and Gmail) as being sensitive and requiring an app to not just be verified but to have undergone a much more stringent manual security review, including third-party security testing. ",{"data":142011,"content":142012,"nodeType":883},{},[142013],{"data":142014,"marks":142015,"value":142016,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even without good reason to trust an OAuth integration, if the permissions it requests are extremely low risk then arguably it isn’t much of an issue. On the other hand, organizations with a need for a particularly stringent level of security may not be comfortable sharing high risk permissions with even fairly established SaaS vendors. Consequently, one of the most important data sources for evaluating the risk of an OAuth integration is to look at the permissions it exposes. ",{"data":142018,"content":142019,"nodeType":883},{},[142020],{"data":142021,"marks":142022,"value":142023,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An important factor to consider is that permissions are not necessarily fixed to be the same for every user. If more than one employee makes use of the same SaaS integration, it’s possible they may grant different permissions depending on what the integration does and how they enabled it. For example, let’s consider the Slack integration we saw before:",{"data":142025,"content":142029,"nodeType":892},{"target":142026},{"sys":142027},{"id":142028,"type":889,"linkType":890},"37l3selHqmcY8PKCLZEiKN",[],{"data":142031,"content":142032,"nodeType":883},{},[142033],{"data":142034,"marks":142035,"value":142036,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this particular example, we have 15 users who have granted access to three different very low risk permissions concerning their basic account information, which typically are the minimum required in order to enable a simple social login. However, additional permissions have been granted for some other users:",{"data":142038,"content":142042,"nodeType":892},{"target":142039},{"sys":142040},{"id":142041,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3pJ0G2yfMnM7fNpP3IMs3a",[],{"data":142044,"content":142045,"nodeType":883},{},[142046],{"data":142047,"marks":142048,"value":142049,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It seems 15 users have also allowed access to their Google calendars and 5 users have also allowed full access to their Google Drive. This is due to different employees adding different Slack apps to enable calendar and file integration. For example, a standard social login to Slack using a Google account won’t even present the user with a consent screen because it only requests the most basic scopes. However, add a sensitive Slack app integration, like the one for Google Drive, and the user will receive a consent screen that looks like this, which is where this difference between users comes from:",{"data":142051,"content":142055,"nodeType":892},{"target":142052},{"sys":142053},{"id":142054,"type":889,"linkType":890},"fjM0oY0viy3p9OAxdrmtT",[],{"data":142057,"content":142058,"nodeType":883},{},[142059],{"data":142060,"marks":142061,"value":142062,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Even if Slack is an officially used SaaS provider for an organization though, perhaps enabling complete Google Drive access to a third party would be seen as a compliance risk too far, in which case, you could revoke the file permissions to reduce risk, if desired. ",{"data":142064,"content":142065,"nodeType":883},{},[142066,142070,142078],{"data":142067,"marks":142068,"value":142069,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In cases of untrusted OAuth integrations or those that are difficult to verify, the overall risk still remains very low if innocuous permissions like those required for social logins are the only permissions granted. In fact, the majority of OAuth integrations we see at Push do not request anything other than social login permissions. If you want to know more about social login risk then check our previous article ",{"data":142071,"content":142074,"nodeType":13489},{"target":142072},{"sys":142073},{"id":134670,"type":889,"linkType":890},[142075],{"data":142076,"marks":142077,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":142079,"marks":142080,"value":142081,"nodeType":867},{},[],". However, much more careful attention should be paid once you see unknown integrations with high- risk permissions, such as full access to file stores.",{"data":142083,"content":142084,"nodeType":921},{},[142085],{"data":142086,"marks":142087,"value":142089,"nodeType":867},{},[142088],{"type":910},"Activity Logs",{"data":142091,"content":142092,"nodeType":883},{},[142093],{"data":142094,"marks":142095,"value":142096,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s one thing to know what an integration can access in principle, due to its permissions, but it’s another to know what it’s actually doing. In one case, an integration may have requested permissions in order to access a user’s entire file store, but it may only use that functionality when specifically directed to as a result of a user attempting to share a file or some other trigger activity.",{"data":142098,"content":142099,"nodeType":883},{},[142100],{"data":142101,"marks":142102,"value":142103,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That isn’t to say there is no risk, certainly if the vendor is compromised and the tokens stolen then an attacker could arbitrarily access any files they like. However, if an integration constantly accesses all users files and syncs them in their entirety then that is clearly a very different risk profile to observe. Additionally, the ability to determine what an integration has actually done in an incident response scenario is invaluable.  ",{"data":142105,"content":142106,"nodeType":883},{},[142107],{"data":142108,"marks":142109,"value":142110,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft and Google offer different options here, which aren’t always available by default. Google provides API call visibility for OAuth integrations, which gives extremely detailed visibility of what an OAuth integration is doing and when. Here you can see the Slack integration using its Google Drive permissions to look for notifications for file changes, while the Thunderbird email integration is accessing some gmail related label data:",{"data":142112,"content":142116,"nodeType":892},{"target":142113},{"sys":142114},{"id":142115,"type":889,"linkType":890},"UqbMx5UzEimig5uvUvag7",[],{"data":142118,"content":142119,"nodeType":883},{},[142120,142124,142131],{"data":142121,"marks":142122,"value":142123,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The key caveat with Google is that it’s not available on all plans. You can see ",{"data":142125,"content":142127,"nodeType":878},{"uri":142126},"https://support.google.com/a/answer/6124308?hl=en",[142128],{"data":142129,"marks":142130,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":142132,"marks":142133,"value":142134,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that it's only available using Enterprise, Education and Cloud Identity Premium licenses. ",{"data":142136,"content":142137,"nodeType":883},{},[142138],{"data":142139,"marks":142140,"value":142141,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For Microsoft, rather than separate OAuth API call data, detailed audit data available as part of Microsoft Purview often gives context that can be traced back to OAuth integrations when that was the source. For example, here you can see the Mozilla Thunderbird OAuth integration being used to download a file from OneDrive. This is the same event you would get if a file was downloaded from a web interface, but in this case you can see in the AppAccessContext that it specifies a ClientAppId, which refers to the OAuth integration performing the action. This means you can track all activity specifically back to individual OAuth integrations separately from activity performed by a user within web interfaces - a very useful capability!",{"data":142143,"content":142147,"nodeType":892},{"target":142144},{"sys":142145},{"id":142146,"type":889,"linkType":890},"38oqwAXkDrQSJzP1ByECLF",[],{"data":142149,"content":142150,"nodeType":921},{},[142151],{"data":142152,"marks":142153,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[142154],{"type":910},{"data":142156,"content":142157,"nodeType":883},{},[142158],{"data":142159,"marks":142160,"value":142161,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this article, we have seen a range of ways that OAuth integrations for both Microsoft and Google can be investigated in order to gain a better understanding of their risk profile, as well as investigating what they actually do in an incident response scenario. While there are no hard and fast rules for when an integration should be considered safe or dangerous, hopefully this gives some idea as to how to perform a risk assessment to make a call depending on your organization’s risk tolerance level. ","An investigation guide for assessing app-to-app OAuth integration risk","An employee has added a new integration to your Azure tenant or Google Workspace. How do you assess risk? We’ll cover a few techniques in this article.","2023-03-15T00:00:00.000Z","an-investigation-guide-for-assessing-app-to-app-oauth-integration-risk",{"items":142167},[142168,142170],{"sys":142169,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":142171,"name":131275},{"id":131274},{"items":142173},[142174],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":142175},{"url":855},"the-risky-terrain-of-oauth-scopes-in-third-party","blog/the-risky-terrain-of-oauth-scopes-in-third-party",{"json":142179},{"data":142180,"content":142181,"nodeType":1569},{},[142182],{"data":142183,"content":142184,"nodeType":883},{},[142185],{"data":142186,"marks":142187,"value":142188,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While OAuth scopes provide seamless online user authentication, they also carry significant risk. This article explores these common, dangerous scopes so you can keep an eye out for them during your next risk assessment.\n","While OAuth scopes provide seamless online user authentication, they also carry significant risk. Watch out for these common, dangerous 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This allows attackers to compromise and take over other accounts the victim has with other services. ",{"data":149378,"content":149379,"nodeType":1505},{},[149380],{"data":149381,"content":149382,"nodeType":883},{},[149383,149388],{"data":149384,"marks":149385,"value":149387,"nodeType":867},{},[149386],{"type":910},"Monitor whether their attack has been detected ",{"data":149389,"marks":149390,"value":149391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"by forwarding emails that contain any language consistent with the investigation of a potential compromise.",{"data":149393,"content":149394,"nodeType":883},{},[149395,149398,149407],{"data":149396,"marks":149397,"value":136434,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149399,"content":149402,"nodeType":13489},{"target":149400},{"sys":149401},{"id":139435,"type":889,"linkType":890},[149403],{"data":149404,"marks":149405,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[149406],{"type":876},{"data":149408,"marks":149409,"value":149410,"nodeType":867},{},[],". As well as being stealthy, mail rules also give the attacker persistent access to data in their victim’s mailbox, even if they change their password, turn on MFA, or even completely rebuild their workstation.",{"data":149412,"content":149413,"nodeType":912},{},[149414],{"data":149415,"marks":149416,"value":149417,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How to detect suspicious mail rules",{"data":149419,"content":149420,"nodeType":883},{},[149421],{"data":149422,"marks":149423,"value":149424,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since this is such a common and often-overlooked or hidden attack vector, it’s one of the first features we build into our product at Push. We knew from our time spent as incident responders that it’s a really reliable way to uncover account compromise.",{"data":149426,"content":149427,"nodeType":883},{},[149428],{"data":149429,"marks":149430,"value":149431,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In Push, whenever a new mail rule gets created, we detect it and automatically message the employee who owns the email account to ask whether they just created it. We do this via Slack or Teams and it’s one of our ChatOps messages with the highest and fastest response rates, because employees can instantly say “yes, it was me - I created that mail rule” or “No, I didn’t create it.” They don’t need to know a thing about security to respond to the prompt. ",{"data":149433,"content":149434,"nodeType":883},{},[149435],{"data":149436,"marks":149437,"value":149438,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If they say they don’t recognize it, we alert your security team and they can disable or delete the rule immediately in the alert. ",{"data":149440,"content":149444,"nodeType":892},{"target":149441},{"sys":149442},{"id":149443,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6gkDIcWO5e9VX7QBVMt02w",[],{"data":149446,"content":149447,"nodeType":883},{},[149448],{"data":149449,"marks":149450,"value":149451,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Remember, creating malicious mail rules are a post-compromise activity and rarely the attacker’s sole objective, so you need to determine what else the attacker has gotten up to. They’re a reliable indicator of compromise (IoC) that should trigger an investigation to determine the scope of the incident and the steps necessary to eradicate the attacker from your environment. ",{"data":149453,"content":149454,"nodeType":883},{},[149455,149459,149467],{"data":149456,"marks":149457,"value":149458,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Use Push for free - ",{"data":149460,"content":149462,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149461},"https://pushsecurity.com/sign-up",[149463],{"data":149464,"marks":149465,"value":149466,"nodeType":867},{},[],"sign up today",{"data":149468,"marks":149469,"value":149470,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to start detecting suspicious mail rules that can indicate an ongoing attack. ",{"data":149472,"content":149473,"nodeType":912},{},[149474],{"data":149475,"marks":149476,"value":149477,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Shouldn’t I just disable mail rules to prevent these attacks from happening?",{"data":149479,"content":149480,"nodeType":883},{},[149481],{"data":149482,"marks":149483,"value":149484,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Short answer: No! They can be really useful.",{"data":149486,"content":149487,"nodeType":883},{},[149488],{"data":149489,"marks":149490,"value":149491,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Longer answer: Banning external auto-forwarding of email is too heavy-handed and employees who have legitimate business reasons for using the feature. ",{"data":149493,"content":149494,"nodeType":921},{},[149495],{"data":149496,"marks":149497,"value":149498,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Legitimate reasons for using mail rules…",{"data":149500,"content":149501,"nodeType":883},{},[149502],{"data":149503,"marks":149504,"value":149505,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many companies/teams will outsource or automate certain processes by forwarding emails. A few common examples of this:",{"data":149507,"content":149508,"nodeType":1526},{},[149509,149519],{"data":149510,"content":149511,"nodeType":1505},{},[149512],{"data":149513,"content":149514,"nodeType":883},{},[149515],{"data":149516,"marks":149517,"value":149518,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Some tools and SaaS apps don't allow you to set a billing email. So the user that signs up and pays receives the receipt, but needs to get that over to their accounts payable contact.",{"data":149520,"content":149521,"nodeType":1505},{},[149522],{"data":149523,"content":149524,"nodeType":883},{},[149525],{"data":149526,"marks":149527,"value":149528,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many finance and billing apps and tools provide customers with a random email address (on their domain) to forward receipts to, which employees use for expenses",{"data":149530,"content":149531,"nodeType":921},{},[149532],{"data":149533,"marks":149534,"value":149535,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A bit less clear…",{"data":149537,"content":149538,"nodeType":883},{},[149539],{"data":149540,"marks":149541,"value":149542,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A use case that’s in a bit more of a grey area is when you’re working with contractors. Some security-minded companies will provide a company email address to the contractor to prevent them from having to worry about the security of the individual contractor’s email service. Contractors, however, may not want to be checking their corporate email when they’re working with many other companies and having to check separate company email accounts, Slack messages, and so on, so they’ll set up a forwarding rule so they have visibility of all of their contract work in a single email inbox and only use the official corporate email if they need to send an email to that company’s internal team.  ",{"data":149544,"content":149545,"nodeType":883},{},[149546],{"data":149547,"marks":149548,"value":149549,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That particular use case is clearly problematic from a security perspective, but you’ll need to find the balance between keeping the company secure and not overly-restricting employees (or contractors) from getting their work done. There’s no clear right answer for that one.",{"data":149551,"content":149552,"nodeType":921},{},[149553],{"data":149554,"marks":149555,"value":149556,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Limit, but don’t restrict completely",{"data":149558,"content":149559,"nodeType":883},{},[149560],{"data":149561,"marks":149562,"value":149563,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In our opinion, you want to limit the risk without blocking employees and becoming, once again, the dreaded “Department of No.” ",{"data":149565,"content":149566,"nodeType":883},{},[149567,149571,149581],{"data":149568,"marks":149569,"value":149570,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve provided a lot of practical options for how to limit the risks mail rules present ",{"data":149572,"content":149576,"nodeType":13489},{"target":149573},{"sys":149574},{"id":149575,"type":889,"linkType":890},"roVnr9Z2sHDPGtemZUE7u",[149577],{"data":149578,"marks":149579,"value":134645,"nodeType":867},{},[149580],{"type":876},{"data":149582,"marks":149583,"value":149584,"nodeType":867},{},[],", including how to manage this risk manually via Google Workspace and Microsoft 365. Of course, we'll also explain how Push can automate these processes for you.",{"entries":149586},{"inline":149587,"hyperlink":149588,"block":149599},[],[149589,149591,149595],{"sys":149590,"__typename":1670,"title":131460,"slug":131463},{"id":129256},{"sys":149592,"__typename":1670,"title":149593,"slug":149594},{"id":139435},"Email security: How hackers use mail rules to access your inbox","email-security-how-hackers-use-mail-rules-to-access-your-inbox",{"sys":149596,"__typename":1670,"title":149597,"slug":149598},{"id":149575},"Should you disable external email auto-forwarding?","should-you-disable-external-email-auto-forwarding",[149600],{"sys":149601,"__typename":1584,"title":149602,"caption":149603,"layoutMode":56841,"file":149604},{"id":149443},"Malicious mail rule channel chatops","Example of a Security team channel notification after an employee confirmed they did not create a suspicious mail rule",{"url":149605,"width":31937,"height":149606},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7Di3p6XTcrrW72VihrWcgm/18636a9977fc63bc3e07c95c6b3ee681/Screenshot_2023-06-02_at_14.33.20__1_.png",590,{"items":149608},[],{},"Account compromise attacks: 50% include malicious mail rules","2023-06-06T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":149613},[149614,149972,150306],{"__typename":1670,"sys":149615,"content":149616,"title":149593,"synopsis":149954,"hashTags":149955,"publishedDate":149961,"slug":149594,"tagsCollection":149962,"authorsCollection":149968},{"id":139435},{"json":149617},{"data":149618,"content":149619,"nodeType":1569},{},[149620,149627,149633,149640,149659,149687,149694,149777,149796,149799,149806,149824,149831,149838,149841,149848,149892,149899,149915,149922,149925,149932,149939],{"data":149621,"content":149622,"nodeType":883},{},[149623],{"data":149624,"marks":149625,"value":149626,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Mail rules are a handy feature found in most email clients. You might have used them to forward emails to your teammates while you’re off sipping Piña coladas, or to move incoming email from that spammy colleague to the ‘don’t read’ folder.",{"data":149628,"content":149632,"nodeType":892},{"target":149629},{"sys":149630},{"id":149631,"type":889,"linkType":890},"7xLVXoCCjansV1u50e2pbM",[],{"data":149634,"content":149635,"nodeType":883},{},[149636],{"data":149637,"marks":149638,"value":149639,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Sadly for us defenders, they’re just as useful for attackers. After gaining access to a victim's account, attackers will often create a mail rule inside their mailbox as a way to maintain stealthy access. This mail rule can do anything a normal mail rule could but is usually used to forward emails matching sensitive keywords, like ‘invoice’ or ‘payment’, to an external email address controlled by the attacker.",{"data":149641,"content":149642,"nodeType":3914},{},[149643],{"data":149644,"content":149645,"nodeType":883},{},[149646,149650,149655],{"data":149647,"marks":149648,"value":149649,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This gives the ",{"data":149651,"marks":149652,"value":149654,"nodeType":867},{},[149653],{"type":910},"attacker persistent access to the mailbox",{"data":149656,"marks":149657,"value":149658,"nodeType":867},{},[],". Even if the victim's password is changed, they turn on MFA, or their workstation is completely rebuilt - as long as the rule stays in place, it remains effective.",{"data":149660,"content":149661,"nodeType":883},{},[149662,149666,149674,149678,149683],{"data":149663,"marks":149664,"value":149665,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As another example, in ",{"data":149667,"content":149668,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149342},[149669],{"data":149670,"marks":149671,"value":149673,"nodeType":867},{},[149672],{"type":876},"this Reddit thread",{"data":149675,"marks":149676,"value":149677,"nodeType":867},{},[]," the author describes how mail rules were used to ",{"data":149679,"marks":149680,"value":149682,"nodeType":867},{},[149681],{"type":2278},"delete ",{"data":149684,"marks":149685,"value":149686,"nodeType":867},{},[],"any emails the affected user received from the company’s Chief Finance Officer (CFO) so that the attacker could pretend to be the CFO, sending them fake emails to convince them to transfer out company funds.",{"data":149688,"content":149689,"nodeType":883},{},[149690],{"data":149691,"marks":149692,"value":149693,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Business Email Compromise (BEC) like this is the most popular type of attack at the moment, causing damages well into the billions according to the FBI. Here are just a few publicly documented breaches involving mail rules:",{"data":149695,"content":149696,"nodeType":1526},{},[149697,149717,149737,149757],{"data":149698,"content":149699,"nodeType":1505},{},[149700],{"data":149701,"content":149702,"nodeType":883},{},[149703,149706,149714],{"data":149704,"marks":149705,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149707,"content":149709,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149708},"https://www.sans.org/dataincident2020",[149710],{"data":149711,"marks":149712,"value":149713,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SANS: 28,000 PII records lost",{"data":149715,"marks":149716,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149718,"content":149719,"nodeType":1505},{},[149720],{"data":149721,"content":149722,"nodeType":883},{},[149723,149726,149734],{"data":149724,"marks":149725,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149727,"content":149729,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149728},"https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2020/201204.pdf",[149730],{"data":149731,"marks":149732,"value":149733,"nodeType":867},{},[],"FBI report: BEC involving malicious mail rules costs company $175k",{"data":149735,"marks":149736,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149738,"content":149739,"nodeType":1505},{},[149740],{"data":149741,"content":149742,"nodeType":883},{},[149743,149746,149754],{"data":149744,"marks":149745,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149747,"content":149749,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149748},"https://www.reddit.com/r/Office365/comments/ej0wkx/hacker_created_forwarding_rules_for_users_account/",[149750],{"data":149751,"marks":149752,"value":149753,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reddit thread: Hacker created forwarding rule for user's account",{"data":149755,"marks":149756,"value":10852,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149758,"content":149759,"nodeType":1505},{},[149760],{"data":149761,"content":149762,"nodeType":883},{},[149763,149766,149774],{"data":149764,"marks":149765,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149767,"content":149769,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149768},"https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/06/14/behind-the-scenes-of-business-email-compromise-using-cross-domain-threat-data-to-disrupt-a-large-bec-infrastructure/",[149770],{"data":149771,"marks":149772,"value":149773,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft case study of BEC operation using mail rules",{"data":149775,"marks":149776,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149778,"content":149779,"nodeType":883},{},[149780,149784,149792],{"data":149781,"marks":149782,"value":149783,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can read ",{"data":149785,"content":149787,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149786},"/blog/case-study-business-email-compromise-bec-attack-nearly-cost-us-millions/",[149788],{"data":149789,"marks":149790,"value":149791,"nodeType":867},{},[],"this case study",{"data":149793,"marks":149794,"value":149795,"nodeType":867},{},[]," of a how a real Business Email Compromise (BEC) attack played out at an engineering firm that we interviewed.",{"data":149797,"content":149798,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":149800,"content":149801,"nodeType":912},{},[149802],{"data":149803,"marks":149804,"value":149805,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How likely is this to actually happen?",{"data":149807,"content":149808,"nodeType":883},{},[149809,149812,149820],{"data":149810,"marks":149811,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149813,"content":149815,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149814},"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/003/",[149816],{"data":149817,"marks":149818,"value":149819,"nodeType":867},{},[],"MITRE lists threat groups",{"data":149821,"marks":149822,"value":149823,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that have been known to use mail rules in this way as part of targeted attacks. However, most often, this technique is used opportunistically.",{"data":149825,"content":149826,"nodeType":883},{},[149827],{"data":149828,"marks":149829,"value":149830,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers run phishing campaigns containing thousands of harvested emails from multiple companies. A classic scenario is to trick a user into logging in to a fake Office 365 or Google Workspace login screen, stealing their credentials. Those credentials are then used to create a malicious mail rule inside the compromised user's mailbox. For scale and speed, this process is completely automated.",{"data":149832,"content":149833,"nodeType":883},{},[149834],{"data":149835,"marks":149836,"value":149837,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Similarly a mail rule could be created automatically as the result of a user’s workstation becoming infected with malware.",{"data":149839,"content":149840,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":149842,"content":149843,"nodeType":912},{},[149844],{"data":149845,"marks":149846,"value":149847,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How to defend against this type of attack?",{"data":149849,"content":149850,"nodeType":883},{},[149851,149855,149863,149867,149877,149880,149889],{"data":149852,"marks":149853,"value":149854,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The first step is to check your mailboxes to make sure no malicious mail rules have already been created. On Office 365, this will require rolling some PowerShell; on Google Workspace, you'll need to query the APIs (we discuss some detail of these options ",{"data":149856,"content":149858,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149857},"/blog/should-you-disable-external-email-auto-forwarding/",[149859],{"data":149860,"marks":149861,"value":149862,"nodeType":867},{},[],"in this post",{"data":149864,"marks":149865,"value":149866,"nodeType":867},{},[],"). Or you can save yourself some pain and use the free tool linked above, which we built for this very purpose. If you find rules that don't look right, follow these guides for what to do next on ",{"data":149868,"content":149872,"nodeType":13489},{"target":149869},{"sys":149870},{"id":149871,"type":889,"linkType":890},"e4805bba-2531-4250-bdcc-ab996dd33519",[149873],{"data":149874,"marks":149875,"value":149876,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Office 365",{"data":149878,"marks":149879,"value":7830,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149881,"content":149885,"nodeType":13489},{"target":149882},{"sys":149883},{"id":149884,"type":889,"linkType":890},"50dab356-e78b-479d-ad45-a07b898b5ec4",[149886],{"data":149887,"marks":149888,"value":87165,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149890,"marks":149891,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149893,"content":149894,"nodeType":883},{},[149895],{"data":149896,"marks":149897,"value":149898,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It's also possible to stop users from creating auto-forwarding rules altogether. If no one is using the feature, this is probably a good idea - you might as well reduce risk. However, there are plenty of situations where teams benefit from the automation and efficiency mail rules bring. Security works best when it enables the business to work securely, rather than constraining it - leaving the feature available whilst managing the risk through detection is a good option as well.",{"data":149900,"content":149901,"nodeType":883},{},[149902,149906,149912],{"data":149903,"marks":149904,"value":149905,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We discuss more about the pros and cons of disabling mail rules and some options for some security controls you can implement so that you can keep them enabled ",{"data":149907,"content":149908,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149857},[149909],{"data":149910,"marks":149911,"value":65239,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149913,"marks":149914,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149916,"content":149917,"nodeType":883},{},[149918],{"data":149919,"marks":149920,"value":149921,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you'd like, try Push for free and we'll spot any suspicious mail rules, then work with employees to make sure the mail rule wasn't something they created for a legitimate use. If they haven't, we'll notify you to take action and investigate a potential incident. Find out more here.",{"data":149923,"content":149924,"nodeType":902},{},[],{"data":149926,"content":149927,"nodeType":912},{},[149928],{"data":149929,"marks":149930,"value":36957,"nodeType":867},{},[149931],{"type":910},{"data":149933,"content":149934,"nodeType":883},{},[149935],{"data":149936,"marks":149937,"value":149938,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It doesn’t stop there — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":149940,"content":149941,"nodeType":883},{},[149942,149945,149951],{"data":149943,"marks":149944,"value":36971,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149946,"content":149947,"nodeType":878},{"uri":47493},[149948],{"data":149949,"marks":149950,"value":6872,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":149952,"marks":149953,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After phishing campaigns target Office 365 and Google Workspace users, malicious mail rules are automatically added to the user’s mailbox. Take steps to defend.",[149956,271,149957,149958,149959,149960],"businessemailcompromise","mailrules","office365","googleworkspace","emailsecurity","2021-06-10T00:00:00.000+01:00",{"items":149963},[149964,149966],{"sys":149965,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":149967,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":149969},[149970],{"fullName":115841,"firstName":115842,"jobTitle":115843,"profilePicture":149971},{"url":115845},{"__typename":1670,"sys":149973,"content":149974,"title":149597,"synopsis":150293,"hashTags":150294,"publishedDate":150295,"slug":149598,"tagsCollection":150296,"authorsCollection":150302},{"id":149575},{"json":149975},{"data":149976,"content":149977,"nodeType":1569},{},[149978,149997,150004,150033,150049,150056,150063,150070,150078,150085,150105,150112,150132,150138,150146,150153,150173,150181,150200,150208,150215,150268,150275,150282,150287],{"data":149979,"content":149980,"nodeType":883},{},[149981,149985,149993],{"data":149982,"marks":149983,"value":149984,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Mail rules can be abused by attackers to get stealthy, persistent access to a mailbox, leak data and facilitate high-impact Business Email Compromise (",{"data":149986,"content":149988,"nodeType":878},{"uri":149987},"/blog/email-security-how-hackers-use-mail-rules-to-access-your-inbox/",[149989],{"data":149990,"marks":149991,"value":149992,"nodeType":867},{},[],"read more here",{"data":149994,"marks":149995,"value":149996,"nodeType":867},{},[],"). So, lots of organisations decide to ban external auto-forwarding of email altogether. The question is, is this a good move?",{"data":149998,"content":149999,"nodeType":921},{},[150000],{"data":150001,"marks":150002,"value":150003,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is damage limitation, not prevention",{"data":150005,"content":150006,"nodeType":883},{},[150007,150011,150016,150020,150029],{"data":150008,"marks":150009,"value":150010,"nodeType":867},{},[],"It’s important to recognise that adding a malicious mail rule to a user’s mailbox is a ",{"data":150012,"marks":150013,"value":150015,"nodeType":867},{},[150014],{"type":910},"post-compromise activity",{"data":150017,"marks":150018,"value":150019,"nodeType":867},{},[],". That is, an attacker has already compromised the victim somehow - compromised their password, deployed malware on their machine, performed consent phishing etc. - they already have access to their mailbox. At this point, you should assume all data in the mailbox is compromised anyway. (See here for “",{"data":150021,"content":150024,"nodeType":13489},{"target":150022},{"sys":150023},{"id":149871,"type":889,"linkType":890},[150025],{"data":150026,"marks":150027,"value":150028,"nodeType":867},{},[],"what to do if I find a malicious mail rule?",{"data":150030,"marks":150031,"value":150032,"nodeType":867},{},[],"”)",{"data":150034,"content":150035,"nodeType":883},{},[150036,150040,150045],{"data":150037,"marks":150038,"value":150039,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Preventing external auto-forwarding rules therefore reduces",{"data":150041,"marks":150042,"value":150044,"nodeType":867},{},[150043],{"type":910}," further potential impact",{"data":150046,"marks":150047,"value":150048,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to a compromised account - worth doing if no one is using the feature, but what if your users are?",{"data":150050,"content":150051,"nodeType":921},{},[150052],{"data":150053,"marks":150054,"value":150055,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Security vs. user experience",{"data":150057,"content":150058,"nodeType":883},{},[150059],{"data":150060,"marks":150061,"value":150062,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Good security should enable a business and its users to work securely rather than constrain it. Controls that restrict users’ productivity or are seen as a nuisance will be bypassed and although you might prevent a potential attack type, you’ll ultimately cause less secure behaviour from your users.",{"data":150064,"content":150065,"nodeType":883},{},[150066],{"data":150067,"marks":150068,"value":150069,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With that in mind, if external auto-forwarding of email is something your users need - and there are plenty of legitimate scenarios where this may be the case - you should be considering how to manage the risk, rather than eliminate it. The good news is this is totally doable. Equally, if none, or most of your users don’t need this feature, you should of course disable it to reduce your overall risk.",{"data":150071,"content":150072,"nodeType":883},{},[150073],{"data":150074,"marks":150075,"value":150077,"nodeType":867},{},[150076],{"type":910},"Managing the risk on Exchange Online for Microsoft 365 through detection alone",{"data":150079,"content":150080,"nodeType":883},{},[150081],{"data":150082,"marks":150083,"value":150084,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Managing the risk of external auto-forwarding email rules means making sure you’re alerted when one is created. ",{"data":150086,"content":150087,"nodeType":883},{},[150088,150092,150101],{"data":150089,"marks":150090,"value":150091,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’re using Exchange Online for Microsoft 365, ",{"data":150093,"content":150095,"nodeType":878},{"uri":150094},"https://protection.office.com/alertpolicies",[150096],{"data":150097,"marks":150098,"value":150100,"nodeType":867},{},[150099],{"type":876},"an informational alert policy",{"data":150102,"marks":150103,"value":150104,"nodeType":867},{},[]," - “Creation of forwarding/redirect rule” - can be enabled so alerts of this type of suspicious rules will be sent to tenant admins when they are created in future. ",{"data":150106,"content":150107,"nodeType":883},{},[150108],{"data":150109,"marks":150110,"value":150111,"nodeType":867},{},[],"/prod",{"data":150113,"content":150114,"nodeType":883},{},[150115,150119,150128],{"data":150116,"marks":150117,"value":150118,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The downside of this approach is it isn’t possible to look retrospectively (",{"data":150120,"content":150122,"nodeType":878},{"uri":150121},"https://gcits.com/knowledge-base/find-inbox-rules-forward-mail-externally-office-365-powershell/",[150123],{"data":150124,"marks":150125,"value":150127,"nodeType":867},{},[150126],{"type":876},"without using PowerShell",{"data":150129,"marks":150130,"value":150131,"nodeType":867},{},[],") so alerts will only fire on future creation of forwarding rules. Additionally, alerts also fire for internal forwarding rules which can generate a lot of noise when looking specifically for malicious rules. ",{"data":150133,"content":150137,"nodeType":892},{"target":150134},{"sys":150135},{"id":150136,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2aafjsTsqy7ljL5hh8c3MO",[],{"data":150139,"content":150140,"nodeType":883},{},[150141],{"data":150142,"marks":150143,"value":150145,"nodeType":867},{},[150144],{"type":910},"Managing the risk on Exchange Online for Microsoft 365  through detection & prevention",{"data":150147,"content":150148,"nodeType":883},{},[150149],{"data":150150,"marks":150151,"value":150152,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In addition to being alerted when rules are created, you can take steps to either disallow external auto-forwarding rules altogether, or prevent them taking effect. You might think disallowing their creation is better but if you can permit creation but stop them from taking effect, you keep a high-fidelity detection of account compromise, without adding any additional risk.",{"data":150154,"content":150155,"nodeType":883},{},[150156,150160,150169],{"data":150157,"marks":150158,"value":150159,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In Exchange Online for Microsoft 365, you can achieve this with ",{"data":150161,"content":150163,"nodeType":878},{"uri":150162},"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/external-email-forwarding?view=o365-worldwide",[150164],{"data":150165,"marks":150166,"value":150168,"nodeType":867},{},[150167],{"type":876},"outbound spam filter policies",{"data":150170,"marks":150171,"value":150172,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to automatically stop any emails auto-forwarded out of your organisation. If an attacker creates a malicious auto-forwarding rule, any forwarded mail will be blocked by the spam filter; if you have your alerts set up correctly, you’ll still receive an alert about the new malicious rule.",{"data":150174,"content":150175,"nodeType":883},{},[150176],{"data":150177,"marks":150178,"value":150180,"nodeType":867},{},[150179],{"type":910},"Managing the risk on Gmail for Google Workspace",{"data":150182,"content":150183,"nodeType":883},{},[150184,150188,150197],{"data":150185,"marks":150186,"value":150187,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Google Workspace only allows complete prevention, such that your users (and attackers) are not able to create forwarding settings. If you decide that is right for you, you can disable automatic forwarding entirely by ",{"data":150189,"content":150191,"nodeType":878},{"uri":150190},"https://support.google.com/a/answer/2491924?hl=en",[150192],{"data":150193,"marks":150194,"value":150196,"nodeType":867},{},[150195],{"type":876},"following these instructions",{"data":150198,"marks":150199,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150201,"content":150202,"nodeType":883},{},[150203],{"data":150204,"marks":150205,"value":150207,"nodeType":867},{},[150206],{"type":910},"Managing the risk using the Push platform",{"data":150209,"content":150210,"nodeType":883},{},[150211],{"data":150212,"marks":150213,"value":150214,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Using the Push platform makes managing this risk a lot easier with less of your time:",{"data":150216,"content":150217,"nodeType":1526},{},[150218,150228,150238,150248,150258],{"data":150219,"content":150220,"nodeType":1505},{},[150221],{"data":150222,"content":150223,"nodeType":883},{},[150224],{"data":150225,"marks":150226,"value":150227,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Connect your platform with a few clicks and we’ll sweep your estate for any suspicious rules currently in place.",{"data":150229,"content":150230,"nodeType":1505},{},[150231],{"data":150232,"content":150233,"nodeType":883},{},[150234],{"data":150235,"marks":150236,"value":150237,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Get alerts via email or ChatOps (Slack or Teams) when new rules are created. Triage and deal with them directly from the email or chat platform.",{"data":150239,"content":150240,"nodeType":1505},{},[150241],{"data":150242,"content":150243,"nodeType":883},{},[150244],{"data":150245,"marks":150246,"value":150247,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Use our ChatOps features to ask users directly if they recognise a rule when you’re unsure. You can even automate this so user feedback is already collected by the time you come to triage.",{"data":150249,"content":150250,"nodeType":1505},{},[150251],{"data":150252,"content":150253,"nodeType":883},{},[150254],{"data":150255,"marks":150256,"value":150257,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Disable rules directly from the platform for quick response.",{"data":150259,"content":150260,"nodeType":1505},{},[150261],{"data":150262,"content":150263,"nodeType":883},{},[150264],{"data":150265,"marks":150266,"value":150267,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Follow our detailed and clear guides for how to respond comprehensively.",{"data":150269,"content":150270,"nodeType":883},{},[150271],{"data":150272,"marks":150273,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[150274],{"type":910},{"data":150276,"content":150277,"nodeType":883},{},[150278],{"data":150279,"marks":150280,"value":150281,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If your users don’t use external email auto-forwarding, it makes sense to prevent the feature to limit the impact of a malicious mail rule. However, if there are legitimate business reasons for keeping the feature active, this risk can be sufficiently managed through detection.",{"data":150283,"content":150286,"nodeType":892},{"target":150284},{"sys":150285},{"id":86838,"type":889,"linkType":890},[],{"data":150288,"content":150289,"nodeType":883},{},[150290],{"data":150291,"marks":150292,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"External email auto-forwarding is a feature but also a risk; learn whether you should disable it, and, if you can't, how to manage the risk through detection.",[149956,271,149957,149958,149959],"2021-06-03T00:00:00.000+01:00",{"items":150297},[150298,150300],{"sys":150299,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":150301,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":150303},[150304],{"fullName":115841,"firstName":115842,"jobTitle":115843,"profilePicture":150305},{"url":115845},{"__typename":1670,"sys":150307,"content":150308,"title":150772,"synopsis":150773,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":150774,"slug":150775,"tagsCollection":150776,"authorsCollection":150782},{"id":135645},{"json":150309},{"data":150310,"content":150311,"nodeType":1569},{},[150312,150320,150328,150350,150358,150379,150386,150392,150399,150406,150413,150420,150427,150434,150441,150448,150455,150461,150468,150475,150482,150489,150507,150513,150520,150526,150533,150539,150546,150553,150560,150603,150610,150630,150637,150727,150747,150753,150760,150766],{"data":150313,"content":150314,"nodeType":883},{},[150315],{"data":150316,"marks":150317,"value":150319,"nodeType":867},{},[150318],{"type":2278},"You get a call from your CFO: “Jenkins! ACME just called to find out why we haven’t paid invoices for the last 3 months? Didn’t you make payment last week?”",{"data":150321,"content":150322,"nodeType":883},{},[150323],{"data":150324,"marks":150325,"value":150327,"nodeType":867},{},[150326],{"type":2278},"You think back a bit. “Yip! I received another invoice a few days ago and made payment yesterday. I also paid the contractor doing renovations on your house. By the way, congrats on the new kitchen.”",{"data":150329,"content":150330,"nodeType":883},{},[150331,150335,150346],{"data":150332,"marks":150333,"value":150334,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many companies have had similar incidents occur over the last couple of years - it’s a classic ",{"data":150336,"content":150340,"nodeType":13489},{"target":150337},{"sys":150338},{"id":150339,"type":889,"linkType":890},"pj2eLZXa4PyrY1DD4NCHt",[150341],{"data":150342,"marks":150343,"value":150345,"nodeType":867},{},[150344],{"type":876},"Business Email Compromise",{"data":150347,"marks":150348,"value":150349,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (BEC) scenario. An attacker managed to gain access to Jenkins in accounting’s email and intercepted email from legitimate creditors, replacing their banking details with the attacker's own, and even forging invoices from non-existent suppliers. Forged emails are then sent from the CEO or CFO to approve the payments.",{"data":150351,"content":150352,"nodeType":883},{},[150353],{"data":150354,"marks":150355,"value":150357,"nodeType":867},{},[150356],{"type":2278},"But how did they manage to gain access to the account? Our security team enforced multi-factor authentication (MFA) a few weeks ago. We’re supposed to be secure!?",{"data":150359,"content":150360,"nodeType":883},{},[150361,150365,150375],{"data":150362,"marks":150363,"value":150364,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As detailed in our ",{"data":150366,"content":150369,"nodeType":13489},{"target":150367},{"sys":150368},{"id":129256,"type":889,"linkType":890},[150370],{"data":150371,"marks":150372,"value":150374,"nodeType":867},{},[150373],{"type":876},"blog post about consent phishing",{"data":150376,"marks":150377,"value":150378,"nodeType":867},{},[],", this attack method will bypass MFA, since the paired malicious third-party integration app (sometimes called OAuth) generates an authentication token. MFA checks are only applied when logging in with your username and password, so in this case, the attacker was able to get a valid access token into Jenkins’ account. ",{"data":150380,"content":150381,"nodeType":883},{},[150382],{"data":150383,"marks":150384,"value":150385,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While this isn’t necessarily the same level of access provided with a username/password combo, it might be, based on the scopes Jenkins granted the third-party integration app access to when they clicked ‘Accept’. ",{"data":150387,"content":150391,"nodeType":892},{"target":150388},{"sys":150389},{"id":150390,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5BIHqq49jJOHsEHLgc8Tb9",[],{"data":150393,"content":150394,"nodeType":883},{},[150395],{"data":150396,"marks":150397,"value":150398,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The list of third-party integration scopes can include anything from relatively benign things like retrieving your name, surname, and email address, to more dangerous or excessive permissions such as full access to your mailbox, the ability to configure mail rules to forward or delete email, and full access to your OneDrive or Sharepoint files. Worse case scenario: if you belong to groups with password reset capabilities, the attacker may be able to perform full account takeovers.",{"data":150400,"content":150401,"nodeType":921},{},[150402],{"data":150403,"marks":150404,"value":150405,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How do you detect and respond to such incidents?",{"data":150407,"content":150408,"nodeType":883},{},[150409],{"data":150410,"marks":150411,"value":150412,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The main issue is detection. In my experience as an incident responder working with Fortune 500 companies at MWR Infosecurity, I found that BEC attacks are usually detected when associated parties start asking questions about non-payment (or unrecognized payments), which can take weeks or months from the day of compromise. By this point your cloud provider’s logs are likely to have rolled over and you’re unlikely to find much useful information to populate your incident timeline.",{"data":150414,"content":150415,"nodeType":883},{},[150416],{"data":150417,"marks":150418,"value":150419,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Shameless plug alert: Push’s ChatOps functionality can greatly assist here as it detects such malicious rules when created, and sends a message to the owner of the account (Jenkins) asking if they created the rule. Sometimes a user will have a legitimate use for creating mail rules to forward messages to another account, and this allows them to acknowledge the rule and mark it as safe. In case they didn’t create it, they can flag it as such and this will cause an alert to be sent to their security team. This is practically instant detection and invaluable when preventing fraudulent payments. And getting input from the account owner cuts way down on alert fatigue for your team.",{"data":150421,"content":150422,"nodeType":921},{},[150423],{"data":150424,"marks":150425,"value":150426,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\nMitigate the attack \n",{"data":150428,"content":150429,"nodeType":883},{},[150430],{"data":150431,"marks":150432,"value":150433,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Once you’ve detected the incident, your next step is to remediate. Typically, this would require someone on the  security team to find the offending rule in your cloud provider’s control panel to disable it, which can take some time, depending on the team’s availability and other factors. ",{"data":150435,"content":150436,"nodeType":883},{},[150437],{"data":150438,"marks":150439,"value":150440,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detecting the creation of malicious mail rules would require you to configure policies and alerts in your cloud provider’s control panel, and requires someone from the security team to monitor for notifications. If your IT person is also responsible for security in your organization, it’s unlikely that they would spend an appropriate amount of time looking at alerts and, in many cases, would need to follow up with employees to confirm if they had indeed created the rules. If you’re a larger organization, your dedicated security person will likely have higher priority tasks, too.",{"data":150442,"content":150443,"nodeType":883},{},[150444],{"data":150445,"marks":150446,"value":150447,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Discovering a breach is usually related to someone noticing unrecognized payments, vendors querying a lack of payments, or phishing emails being sent to fellow employees or contacts outside of your organization. If an attacker is careful to avoid causing too much interruption, then it’s likely that you won’t discover the breach until all the damage has been done. Usually by this point, performing an investigation will reveal very little due to important investigation artifacts disappearing due to logs rolling over.",{"data":150449,"content":150450,"nodeType":883},{},[150451],{"data":150452,"marks":150453,"value":150454,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If you’re using Push, we would automatically detect the mail rule, talk to the employee whose email the mail rule was created within, and if they didn’t set the mail rule up themselves, we would assume it was created by an attacker and alert your security team. Push’s ChatOps will disable the offending rule and mark it as suspicious.",{"data":150456,"content":150460,"nodeType":892},{"target":150457},{"sys":150458},{"id":150459,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6rV4EiwTgmBsmYEaUvv55b",[],{"data":150462,"content":150463,"nodeType":883},{},[150464],{"data":150465,"marks":150466,"value":150467,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If this were a typical credential compromise scenario, the account’s password would be reset and everyone would go about their lives. However, since no credentials were compromised in our example, you’d go onto the next step to…",{"data":150469,"content":150470,"nodeType":921},{},[150471],{"data":150472,"marks":150473,"value":150474,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Remove the app’s permissions and revoke the tokens",{"data":150476,"content":150477,"nodeType":883},{},[150478],{"data":150479,"marks":150480,"value":150481,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As I mentioned earlier, third-party integration apps generate tokens, which can be valid for an hour to sometimes 24 hours or more, depending on the integrating app, how it is being used, and if it makes use of refresh tokens.",{"data":150483,"content":150484,"nodeType":883},{},[150485],{"data":150486,"marks":150487,"value":150488,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Invalidating third-party integration access permissions requires accessing your cloud provider’s control panel. In this example, you need to revoke access for a malicious app in a Microsoft 365 tenant. Microsoft’s guidance on this is very useful, but unfortunately not as simple as just pressing a button.",{"data":150490,"content":150491,"nodeType":883},{},[150492,150496,150503],{"data":150493,"marks":150494,"value":150495,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To view Microsoft’s recommendations for dealing with a malicious app, you’d need to navigate to the ",{"data":150497,"content":150498,"nodeType":878},{"uri":130266},[150499],{"data":150500,"marks":150501,"value":130272,"nodeType":867},{},[150502],{"type":876},{"data":150504,"marks":150505,"value":150506,"nodeType":867},{},[]," section in Azure, and locate the app by searching for its name or Application ID, which can be found in the Push app’s OAuth integrations page. In the app menu, click on ‘Permissions,’ then ‘Review permissions.’ ",{"data":150508,"content":150512,"nodeType":892},{"target":150509},{"sys":150510},{"id":150511,"type":889,"linkType":890},"5Z6T2anRIJ1he2phTbcFot",[],{"data":150514,"content":150515,"nodeType":883},{},[150516],{"data":150517,"marks":150518,"value":150519,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the slide-out menu, select “This application is malicious and I’m compromised.”",{"data":150521,"content":150525,"nodeType":892},{"target":150522},{"sys":150523},{"id":150524,"type":889,"linkType":890},"2lGnKdKTjXAVYBiOtYrbEl",[],{"data":150527,"content":150528,"nodeType":883},{},[150529],{"data":150530,"marks":150531,"value":150532,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This will provide you with pre-generated PowerShell scripts to 1) Remove all users assigned to the application, 2) Revoke all permissions granted to the application, and 3) Revoke refresh tokens for all users.",{"data":150534,"content":150538,"nodeType":892},{"target":150535},{"sys":150536},{"id":150537,"type":889,"linkType":890},"3qdGQ12PdZFLEyIpmMkwPi",[],{"data":150540,"content":150541,"nodeType":921},{},[150542],{"data":150543,"marks":150544,"value":150545,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How to prevent similar attacks",{"data":150547,"content":150548,"nodeType":883},{},[150549],{"data":150550,"marks":150551,"value":150552,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A very important step following a compromise is to review what happened, how it happened, and what could be done to prevent the incident from occurring again. The interesting part about this incident is that it wasn’t due to a weak password, or even the lack of MFA that led to compromise. It came down to social engineering: instructing an employee to click a link by an account masquerading as their CFO.",{"data":150554,"content":150555,"nodeType":883},{},[150556],{"data":150557,"marks":150558,"value":150559,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For the purposes of this hypothetical incident, we’ll establish that the following occurred:",{"data":150561,"content":150562,"nodeType":1526},{},[150563,150573,150583,150593],{"data":150564,"content":150565,"nodeType":1505},{},[150566],{"data":150567,"content":150568,"nodeType":883},{},[150569],{"data":150570,"marks":150571,"value":150572,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Andrew Jenkins was targeted in a phishing attack",{"data":150574,"content":150575,"nodeType":1505},{},[150576],{"data":150577,"content":150578,"nodeType":883},{},[150579],{"data":150580,"marks":150581,"value":150582,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Andrew authenticated via Microsoft 365, which is a legitimate and expected authentication mechanism and occurs almost daily",{"data":150584,"content":150585,"nodeType":1505},{},[150586],{"data":150587,"content":150588,"nodeType":883},{},[150589],{"data":150590,"marks":150591,"value":150592,"nodeType":867},{},[],"No attachments were downloaded, thus in this isolated incident there was no code execution on Andrew’s host, meaning that Anti-Virus or Endpoint Detection & Response (EDR) would not have prevented it",{"data":150594,"content":150595,"nodeType":1505},{},[150596],{"data":150597,"content":150598,"nodeType":883},{},[150599],{"data":150600,"marks":150601,"value":150602,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The attacker gained full access to Andrew’s mailbox",{"data":150604,"content":150605,"nodeType":883},{},[150606],{"data":150607,"marks":150608,"value":150609,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The malicious app was disabled by Microsoft after some time, so a full investigation into its capabilities was not possible. We don’t know whether another phishing page was presented after the integration took place, thus to be on the safe side we need to assume this happened and led to credential compromise.",{"data":150611,"content":150612,"nodeType":883},{},[150613,150617,150626],{"data":150614,"marks":150615,"value":150616,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The app was unverified, which has historically been true in most of these scenarios. Publishers need to associate a Microsoft Partner Network (MPN) ID with the app, which follows a ",{"data":150618,"content":150620,"nodeType":878},{"uri":150619},"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/partner-center/verification-responses",[150621],{"data":150622,"marks":150623,"value":150625,"nodeType":867},{},[150624],{"type":876},"verification process",{"data":150627,"marks":150628,"value":150629,"nodeType":867},{},[],", in order to have it appear as a verified app. This Microsoft 365 tenant was configured to allow unverified integrations due to an oversight following an app migration project.",{"data":150631,"content":150632,"nodeType":883},{},[150633],{"data":150634,"marks":150635,"value":150636,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This leads us to the following to help prevent similar attacks from occurring in future, and to make sure there is no opportunity for the attacker to leverage any existing foothold:",{"data":150638,"content":150639,"nodeType":1526},{},[150640,150650,150660,150670,150691,150707,150717],{"data":150641,"content":150642,"nodeType":1505},{},[150643],{"data":150644,"content":150645,"nodeType":883},{},[150646],{"data":150647,"marks":150648,"value":150649,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Disable the integration and remove the malicious app’s permissions",{"data":150651,"content":150652,"nodeType":1505},{},[150653],{"data":150654,"content":150655,"nodeType":883},{},[150656],{"data":150657,"marks":150658,"value":150659,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Reset Andrew Jenkins’ credentials",{"data":150661,"content":150662,"nodeType":1505},{},[150663],{"data":150664,"content":150665,"nodeType":883},{},[150666],{"data":150667,"marks":150668,"value":150669,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Be aware of and review newly created mail rules",{"data":150671,"content":150672,"nodeType":1505},{},[150673],{"data":150674,"content":150675,"nodeType":883},{},[150676,150679,150688],{"data":150677,"marks":150678,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150680,"content":150682,"nodeType":878},{"uri":150681},"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/manage-apps/configure-user-consent?tabs=azure-portal",[150683],{"data":150684,"marks":150685,"value":150687,"nodeType":867},{},[150686],{"type":876},"Confirm that the Microsoft 365 tenant is set to disallow integrations from unverified apps",{"data":150689,"marks":150690,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150692,"content":150693,"nodeType":1505},{},[150694],{"data":150695,"content":150696,"nodeType":1526},{},[150697],{"data":150698,"content":150699,"nodeType":1505},{},[150700],{"data":150701,"content":150702,"nodeType":883},{},[150703],{"data":150704,"marks":150705,"value":150706,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Note: as of November 9th, 2020, integrations with unverified apps are disabled by default.",{"data":150708,"content":150709,"nodeType":1505},{},[150710],{"data":150711,"content":150712,"nodeType":883},{},[150713],{"data":150714,"marks":150715,"value":150716,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Communicate with employees and other affected parties to be weary of these types of attacks",{"data":150718,"content":150719,"nodeType":1505},{},[150720],{"data":150721,"content":150722,"nodeType":883},{},[150723],{"data":150724,"marks":150725,"value":150726,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Perform regular audits against your Microsoft 365 tenants to highlight any discrepancies and integrations with unusual or unnecessary permissions.",{"data":150728,"content":150729,"nodeType":883},{},[150730,150734,150743],{"data":150731,"marks":150732,"value":150733,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Microsoft implementing safe defaults towards limiting integrations from unverified publishers was a step in the right direction. However, there have been ",{"data":150735,"content":150737,"nodeType":878},{"uri":150736},"https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/cloud-security/oivavoii-active-malicious-hybrid-cloud-threats-campaign",[150738],{"data":150739,"marks":150740,"value":150742,"nodeType":867},{},[150741],{"type":876},"cases",{"data":150744,"marks":150745,"value":150746,"nodeType":867},{},[]," where attackers utilized compromised publishers to perform similar attacks. ",{"data":150748,"content":150749,"nodeType":921},{},[150750],{"data":150751,"marks":150752,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150754,"content":150755,"nodeType":883},{},[150756],{"data":150757,"marks":150758,"value":150759,"nodeType":867},{},[],"While the process isn’t exactly straightforward, catching early indicators like malicious mail rules helps you prevent an attacker from launching additional attacks like phishing campaigns as they try to gain access to sensitive business data. Removing the mail rule is just the start of the process, you really need to revoke permissions and take the other steps we covered in this post to stop an attack from going any further. We’ll publish some more content on SaaS incident response on our blog, so subscribe to get our guidance straight into your inbox.",{"data":150761,"content":150765,"nodeType":892},{"target":150762},{"sys":150763},{"id":150764,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6oHRbGLus4bstsAc7E0zBD",[],{"data":150767,"content":150768,"nodeType":883},{},[150769],{"data":150770,"marks":150771,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How to kick off an incident response investigation for a compromised SaaS account","We'll walk through how to quickly detect and mitigate business email compromise (BEC) and then prevent future attacks.","2022-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","how-to-kick-off-an-incident-response-investigation-for-a-compromised-saas",{"items":150777},[150778,150780],{"sys":150779,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"sys":150781,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":150783},[150784],{"fullName":124442,"firstName":124443,"jobTitle":124444,"profilePicture":150785},{"url":124446},"half-of-account-compromise-attacks-included-malicious-mail-rules","blog/half-of-account-compromise-attacks-included-malicious-mail-rules",{"json":150789},{"data":150790,"content":150791,"nodeType":1569},{},[150792],{"data":150793,"content":150794,"nodeType":883},{},[150795],{"data":150796,"marks":150797,"value":150798,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Attackers routinely use mail rules to exfiltrate sensitive data and get persistent access to victim accounts. \n","Attackers routinely use mail rules to hide their attacks, exfiltrate sensitive data, and to get persistent access to victim accounts. \n",{"id":150801,"publishedAt":150802},"4QpaYHe4risfUfjgl13a5q","2026-08-12T11:56:19.735Z",{"items":150804},[150805,150807],{"sys":150806,"name":2530},{"id":2529},{"sys":150808,"name":342},{"id":2533},{"items":150810},[150811,150813,150815,150817],{"sys":150812,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":150814,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":150816,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":150818,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},"l8bE0ul0SZ9cyEvwG9qrXMfqz_apQrscftB_A4oZCwI",{"id":150821,"title":150822,"authorsCollection":150823,"content":150827,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":151501,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":151503,"metaTitle":151504,"ogImage":59,"postType":23865,"publishedDate":151505,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":151506,"slug":152176,"stem":152177,"subtitle":59,"summary":152178,"synopsis":152189,"sys":152190,"tagsCollection":152193,"topicsCollection":152199,"__hash__":152229},"blog/blog/embrace-saas-to-move-faster-than-your-competitors.json","Embrace SaaS to move faster than your competitors",{"items":150824},[150825],{"fullName":134472,"firstName":134473,"jobTitle":134474,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":150826},{"url":134476},{"json":150828,"links":151496},{"data":150829,"content":150830,"nodeType":1569},{},[150831,150838,150845,150851,150858,150875,150882,150920,150927,150933,150970,150986,150993,150999,151005,151022,151039,151046,151079,151085,151102,151108,151114,151140,151156,151162,151168,151175,151182,151188,151195,151202,151209,151215,151222,151228,151234,151240,151254,151260,151317,151324,151331,151356,151370,151377,151383,151390,151417,151435,151442,151448,151455,151462,151479],{"data":150832,"content":150833,"nodeType":883},{},[150834],{"data":150835,"marks":150836,"value":150837,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Our goal at Push is simple - to reduce the risk of using SaaS apps at work. Doing this well means building controls that are easy to use, easy to understand - and ultimately effective. Not just effective against the hand-wavy concept of “SaaS attacks” but specific techniques –the most common techniques that are likely to cause real damage.",{"data":150839,"content":150840,"nodeType":883},{},[150841],{"data":150842,"marks":150843,"value":150844,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To talk about this, we need to have a shared understanding of what these techniques are. To get that conversation going we’ve pulled together all the techniques we're aware of, and our research team has even added a bunch of new ones.",{"data":150846,"content":150847,"nodeType":912},{},[150848],{"data":150849,"marks":150850,"value":86105,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150852,"content":150853,"nodeType":883},{},[150854],{"data":150855,"marks":150856,"value":150857,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve taken inspiration from the MITRE ATT&CK framework (certainly intended as the sincerest form of flattery), but wanted to make a conscious break away from the endpoint-focused ATT&CK techniques and instead focus on techniques that are SaaS-specific. In fact, these techniques don’t touch endpoints (so they bypass EDR) or customer networks (so  they bypass network detection) - so we’re calling them networkless attacks.",{"data":150859,"content":150860,"nodeType":883},{},[150861,150865,150872],{"data":150862,"marks":150863,"value":150864,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can find more detailed descriptions of these techniques (and hopefully PR’s for some we missed) on ",{"data":150866,"content":150867,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[150868],{"data":150869,"marks":150870,"value":2355,"nodeType":867},{},[150871],{"type":876},{"data":150873,"marks":150874,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150876,"content":150877,"nodeType":883},{},[150878],{"data":150879,"marks":150880,"value":150881,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Since we’re not targeting endpoints, let’s talk about the new targets: the accounts/identities on SaaS apps. We found it was useful to not think about these identities as stand-alone isolated islands - they are much more like a graph; less a single web-server on the internet and more like many Windows endpoints on an Active Directory. ",{"data":150883,"content":150884,"nodeType":883},{},[150885,150889,150896,150899,150906,150910,150917],{"data":150886,"marks":150887,"value":150888,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can leverage this access to an identity on a trusted platform to target (so laterally more or escalate privilege to) other users or identities. For example, attacks like using access to SaaS apps to ",{"data":150890,"content":150891,"nodeType":878},{"uri":54359},[150892],{"data":150893,"marks":150894,"value":86157,"nodeType":867},{},[150895],{"type":876},{"data":150897,"marks":150898,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150900,"content":150901,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86163},[150902],{"data":150903,"marks":150904,"value":86169,"nodeType":867},{},[150905],{"type":876},{"data":150907,"marks":150908,"value":150909,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to social engineer them there - or perhaps ",{"data":150911,"content":150912,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80858},[150913],{"data":150914,"marks":150915,"value":86181,"nodeType":867},{},[150916],{"type":876},{"data":150918,"marks":150919,"value":86185,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150921,"content":150922,"nodeType":883},{},[150923],{"data":150924,"marks":150925,"value":150926,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In this case, unusually, it’s not the data in these hundreds of SaaS apps that create risk, and you need to consider low-risk (from a data perspective) apps as a vector to pivot to higher risk apps in your estate.",{"data":150928,"content":150929,"nodeType":921},{},[150930],{"data":150931,"marks":150932,"value":86199,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150934,"content":150935,"nodeType":883},{},[150936,150939,150946,150949,150956,150960,150967],{"data":150937,"marks":150938,"value":86206,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150940,"content":150941,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80232},[150942],{"data":150943,"marks":150944,"value":77012,"nodeType":867},{},[150945],{"type":876},{"data":150947,"marks":150948,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150950,"content":150951,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80243},[150952],{"data":150953,"marks":150954,"value":80248,"nodeType":867},{},[150955],{"type":876},{"data":150957,"marks":150958,"value":150959,"nodeType":867},{},[]," that get you initial access to SaaS apps are fairly well known - because they work and are widely used. We’re also starting to see tools and attacks that suggest ",{"data":150961,"content":150962,"nodeType":878},{"uri":80906},[150963],{"data":150964,"marks":150965,"value":86235,"nodeType":867},{},[150966],{"type":876},{"data":150968,"marks":150969,"value":86239,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150971,"content":150972,"nodeType":883},{},[150973,150976,150983],{"data":150974,"marks":150975,"value":86246,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150977,"content":150978,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86249},[150979],{"data":150980,"marks":150981,"value":86255,"nodeType":867},{},[150982],{"type":876},{"data":150984,"marks":150985,"value":86259,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":150987,"content":150988,"nodeType":883},{},[150989],{"data":150990,"marks":150991,"value":150992,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS apps allow anyone to name app tenants (a.k.a. spaces, teams, or instances) anything they like - including your company name. Attackers send invites to your employees from within the app with a customized message explaining why they should join this new tenant (or sign up to the app if they are not already a user). ",{"data":150994,"content":150995,"nodeType":883},{},[150996],{"data":150997,"marks":150998,"value":86273,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151000,"content":151001,"nodeType":921},{},[151002],{"data":151003,"marks":151004,"value":86280,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151006,"content":151007,"nodeType":883},{},[151008,151011,151018],{"data":151009,"marks":151010,"value":86287,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151012,"content":151013,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86290},[151014],{"data":151015,"marks":151016,"value":86296,"nodeType":867},{},[151017],{"type":876},{"data":151019,"marks":151020,"value":151021,"nodeType":867},{},[]," (Living-Off-the-Land Binaries and Scripts), which are often signed Microsoft utilities. Perhaps the most well-known example is executing scripts through PowerShell rather than building custom malware. That isn’t as useful these days but there was a time when PowerShell was routinely used to bypass AV, EDR, and even app allow-listing.",{"data":151023,"content":151024,"nodeType":883},{},[151025,151029,151036],{"data":151026,"marks":151027,"value":151028,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In that same living-off-the-land mindset, an attacker trying to maintain access to each SaaS app they compromise using custom OAuth integration apps, might instead choose to use legit SaaS apps that specialize in workflow automation to create ",{"data":151030,"content":151031,"nodeType":878},{"uri":66399},[151032],{"data":151033,"marks":151034,"value":66405,"nodeType":867},{},[151035],{"type":876},{"data":151037,"marks":151038,"value":86318,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151040,"content":151041,"nodeType":883},{},[151042],{"data":151043,"marks":151044,"value":151045,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Perhaps the best example here is using a well-known automation app like Zapier, which claims to have more than 5000 integrations. These integrations are often verified, approved, and connected to a trusted vendor (Zapier). An attacker might create workflows to:",{"data":151047,"content":151048,"nodeType":1526},{},[151049,151059,151069],{"data":151050,"content":151051,"nodeType":1505},{},[151052],{"data":151053,"content":151054,"nodeType":883},{},[151055],{"data":151056,"marks":151057,"value":151058,"nodeType":867},{},[],"do daily data exfiltration from a victim’s data lake",{"data":151060,"content":151061,"nodeType":1505},{},[151062],{"data":151063,"content":151064,"nodeType":883},{},[151065],{"data":151066,"marks":151067,"value":151068,"nodeType":867},{},[],"configure a webhook which adds malicious accounts to a github repo on demand",{"data":151070,"content":151071,"nodeType":1505},{},[151072],{"data":151073,"content":151074,"nodeType":883},{},[151075],{"data":151076,"marks":151077,"value":151078,"nodeType":867},{},[],"automatically find and replace bank account numbers in emails to the finance team",{"data":151080,"content":151081,"nodeType":883},{},[151082],{"data":151083,"marks":151084,"value":86365,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151086,"content":151087,"nodeType":883},{},[151088,151091,151098],{"data":151089,"marks":151090,"value":86372,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151092,"content":151093,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86375},[151094],{"data":151095,"marks":151096,"value":86381,"nodeType":867},{},[151097],{"type":876},{"data":151099,"marks":151100,"value":151101,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to make another instance of an existing integration - making this backdoor almost impossible to discover.",{"data":151103,"content":151104,"nodeType":921},{},[151105],{"data":151106,"marks":151107,"value":86392,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151109,"content":151110,"nodeType":883},{},[151111],{"data":151112,"marks":151113,"value":86399,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151115,"content":151116,"nodeType":883},{},[151117,151120,151127,151130,151137],{"data":151118,"marks":151119,"value":86406,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151121,"content":151122,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86409},[151123],{"data":151124,"marks":151125,"value":86415,"nodeType":867},{},[151126],{"type":876},{"data":151128,"marks":151129,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151131,"content":151132,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7205},[151133],{"data":151134,"marks":151135,"value":7211,"nodeType":867},{},[151136],{"type":876},{"data":151138,"marks":151139,"value":86429,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151141,"content":151142,"nodeType":883},{},[151143,151146,151153],{"data":151144,"marks":151145,"value":86436,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151147,"content":151148,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86439},[151149],{"data":151150,"marks":151151,"value":86445,"nodeType":867},{},[151152],{"type":876},{"data":151154,"marks":151155,"value":86449,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151157,"content":151158,"nodeType":883},{},[151159],{"data":151160,"marks":151161,"value":86456,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151163,"content":151164,"nodeType":912},{},[151165],{"data":151166,"marks":151167,"value":86468,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151169,"content":151170,"nodeType":883},{},[151171],{"data":151172,"marks":151173,"value":151174,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS apps are basically webapps that are run in the cloud and accessed from endpoints, so then WebApp, endpoint, and cloud security should cover all of SaaS, right? ",{"data":151176,"content":151177,"nodeType":883},{},[151178],{"data":151179,"marks":151180,"value":151181,"nodeType":867},{},[],"That was our assumption when we started, but what we found instead was that SaaS marketing  best practices are driving a lot of pretty interesting techniques that you don’t run into in standalone web apps.",{"data":151183,"content":151184,"nodeType":921},{},[151185],{"data":151186,"marks":151187,"value":86489,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151189,"content":151190,"nodeType":883},{},[151191],{"data":151192,"marks":151193,"value":151194,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Making apps easy to sign-up for and low effort to support means you need to make some interesting choices when it comes to designing account creation and recovery flows. ",{"data":151196,"content":151197,"nodeType":883},{},[151198],{"data":151199,"marks":151200,"value":151201,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Many apps allow users to sign into apps using multiple methods, easily invite collaborators (internal and external) and avoid any additional friction during the sign up process. ",{"data":151203,"content":151204,"nodeType":883},{},[151205],{"data":151206,"marks":151207,"value":151208,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For example, many apps avoid verifying new account email addresses. This is not laziness, these are conscious design choices - not driven by security clearly, but not accidents.",{"data":151210,"content":151211,"nodeType":921},{},[151212],{"data":151213,"marks":151214,"value":86517,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151216,"content":151217,"nodeType":883},{},[151218],{"data":151219,"marks":151220,"value":151221,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Most SaaS apps are trying to build app marketplaces or perform well in other app’s marketplaces (often both) and it’s rare these days to find apps that don’t integrate with other apps. ",{"data":151223,"content":151224,"nodeType":883},{},[151225],{"data":151226,"marks":151227,"value":86531,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151229,"content":151230,"nodeType":883},{},[151231],{"data":151232,"marks":151233,"value":86538,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151235,"content":151236,"nodeType":912},{},[151237],{"data":151238,"marks":151239,"value":86545,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151241,"content":151242,"nodeType":883},{},[151243,151247,151251],{"data":151244,"marks":151245,"value":151246,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This research begs one question above others - ",{"data":151248,"marks":151249,"value":86557,"nodeType":867},{},[151250],{"type":2278},{"data":151252,"marks":151253,"value":86561,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151255,"content":151256,"nodeType":921},{},[151257],{"data":151258,"marks":151259,"value":86568,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151261,"content":151262,"nodeType":883},{},[151263,151267,151274,151277,151284,151287,151294,151297,151304,151307,151314],{"data":151264,"marks":151265,"value":151266,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For some of the better known techniques, like credential stuffing and email phishing, the answer is an easy yes. Stats from ",{"data":151268,"content":151269,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86578},[151270],{"data":151271,"marks":151272,"value":86584,"nodeType":867},{},[151273],{"type":876},{"data":151275,"marks":151276,"value":2862,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151278,"content":151279,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86590},[151280],{"data":151281,"marks":151282,"value":86596,"nodeType":867},{},[151283],{"type":876},{"data":151285,"marks":151286,"value":86600,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151288,"content":151289,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86603},[151290],{"data":151291,"marks":151292,"value":86609,"nodeType":867},{},[151293],{"type":876},{"data":151295,"marks":151296,"value":37139,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151298,"content":151299,"nodeType":878},{"uri":7665},[151300],{"data":151301,"marks":151302,"value":86620,"nodeType":867},{},[151303],{"type":876},{"data":151305,"marks":151306,"value":86624,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151308,"content":151309,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86627},[151310],{"data":151311,"marks":151312,"value":86633,"nodeType":867},{},[151313],{"type":876},{"data":151315,"marks":151316,"value":86637,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151318,"content":151319,"nodeType":883},{},[151320],{"data":151321,"marks":151322,"value":151323,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The takeaway is that the current focus for defenders should be to ensure users have good phishing-resistant account security in place - make sure you have basics like strong unique passwords and MFA in place across your entire SaaS estate.",{"data":151325,"content":151326,"nodeType":921},{},[151327],{"data":151328,"marks":151329,"value":151330,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For newer OAuth attacks it’s a lot less clear…",{"data":151332,"content":151333,"nodeType":883},{},[151334,151338,151343,151346,151353],{"data":151335,"marks":151336,"value":151337,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Other techniques like consent phishing, and have been discussed in some breach disclosures like the ",{"data":151339,"marks":151340,"value":151342,"nodeType":867},{},[151341],{"type":876},"2020 Sans breach",{"data":151344,"marks":151345,"value":86667,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151347,"content":151348,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86670},[151349],{"data":151350,"marks":151351,"value":86676,"nodeType":867},{},[151352],{"type":876},{"data":151354,"marks":151355,"value":86680,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151357,"content":151358,"nodeType":883},{},[151359,151362,151367],{"data":151360,"marks":151361,"value":86687,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151363,"marks":151364,"value":151366,"nodeType":867},{},[151365],{"type":2278},"either attackers aren’t yet using them widely or they are and we aren’t detecting them",{"data":151368,"marks":151369,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151371,"content":151372,"nodeType":883},{},[151373],{"data":151374,"marks":151375,"value":151376,"nodeType":867},{},[],"There is certainly a case to be made that attackers simply don’t need these newer techniques yet. Many organizations don’t have a way of discovering SaaS use in their organization yet, nevermind breached accounts, so new persistence techniques might be a bit more than necessary at the moment.",{"data":151378,"content":151379,"nodeType":921},{},[151380],{"data":151381,"marks":151382,"value":86709,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151384,"content":151385,"nodeType":883},{},[151386],{"data":151387,"marks":151388,"value":151389,"nodeType":867},{},[],"On the other hand, there is certainly the possibility that these attacks are increasingly used, but are simply not being discovered. A strong argument in favor of this view is the difficulty in investigating these attacks. Very few SaaS apps provide enough logging capability to discover these attacks as a customer, this is true even for the biggest, most mature apps like Office 365 and Google Workspace unless you are on top license tiers. This is doubly true for attacks that use OAuth, with many apps providing no insight or details into actions made using OAuth-authenticated APIs. ",{"data":151391,"content":151392,"nodeType":883},{},[151393,151396,151403,151407,151414],{"data":151394,"marks":151395,"value":86723,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151397,"content":151398,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86726},[151399],{"data":151400,"marks":151401,"value":86732,"nodeType":867},{},[151402],{"type":876},{"data":151404,"marks":151405,"value":151406,"nodeType":867},{},[]," relied heavily on Github during the investigation (and in one case even the detection of) their 2022 breaches, and the same  seems true for a similar breach affecting ",{"data":151408,"content":151409,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86739},[151410],{"data":151411,"marks":151412,"value":86745,"nodeType":867},{},[151413],{"type":876},{"data":151415,"marks":151416,"value":86749,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151418,"content":151419,"nodeType":883},{},[151420,151424,151432],{"data":151421,"marks":151422,"value":151423,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So, are these attacks happening in the real world? My best guess is it’s a little bit of column A and a little bit of column B – there are likely not so many of these attacks happening yet, and when they do I suspect the vast majority go undetected. ",{"data":151425,"content":151426,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86759},[151427],{"data":151428,"marks":151429,"value":86766,"nodeType":867},{},[151430,151431],{"type":876},{"type":2278},{"data":151433,"marks":151434,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151436,"content":151437,"nodeType":883},{},[151438],{"data":151439,"marks":151440,"value":151441,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This is part of the reason we think enabling red-teamers to try these techniques in anger is useful - this is the time-proven way to understand these risks.",{"data":151443,"content":151444,"nodeType":912},{},[151445],{"data":151446,"marks":151447,"value":86783,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151449,"content":151450,"nodeType":883},{},[151451],{"data":151452,"marks":151453,"value":151454,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We’ve barely scratched the surface, but perhaps there is enough here to get the discussion going. From past experience, discussion may not be enough, and it’s likely that live offensive work like penetration tests or more likely red-team exercises will be required to make the risks of using these techniques real for the wider security community. ",{"data":151456,"content":151457,"nodeType":883},{},[151458],{"data":151459,"marks":151460,"value":151461,"nodeType":867},{},[],"After all, seeing is believing. We think some more practical examples and tools to help red- teamers use these techniques on engagements will help drive awareness forward so we’ll be looking to build out this content.",{"data":151463,"content":151464,"nodeType":883},{},[151465,151468,151476],{"data":151466,"marks":151467,"value":86804,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151469,"content":151470,"nodeType":878},{"uri":86807},[151471],{"data":151472,"marks":151473,"value":151475,"nodeType":867},{},[151474],{"type":876},"backdoored github repo to get code execution on endpoints",{"data":151477,"marks":151478,"value":2391,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151480,"content":151481,"nodeType":883},{},[151482,151486,151493],{"data":151483,"marks":151484,"value":151485,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Help us all better understand how widespread these attacks are by sharing some war stories - blueteams, have you seen these attacks in IR investigations? Red-teamers, have tried these or similar techniques against SaaS? Even better, we’d love some comments, discussions, or PRs on ",{"data":151487,"content":151488,"nodeType":878},{"uri":2350},[151489],{"data":151490,"marks":151491,"value":2355,"nodeType":867},{},[151492],{"type":876},{"data":151494,"marks":151495,"value":81123,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"entries":151497},{"hyperlink":151498,"block":151499,"inline":151500},[],[],[],{"items":151502},[],{},"Move faster than competitors by embracing SaaS","2023-04-21T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":151507},[151508,151833],{"__typename":1670,"sys":151509,"content":151511,"title":151819,"synopsis":151820,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":151821,"slug":151822,"tagsCollection":151823,"authorsCollection":151829},{"id":151510},"2cLFeaDTWWdZ8G8U12qmiZ",{"json":151512},{"data":151513,"content":151514,"nodeType":1569},{},[151515,151522,151529,151536,151543,151550,151557,151564,151571,151578,151585,151592,151616,151636,151643,151650,151657,151720,151740,151759,151766,151773,151780,151786,151793,151800],{"data":151516,"content":151517,"nodeType":912},{},[151518],{"data":151519,"marks":151520,"value":151521,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Prevention isn’t always the answer",{"data":151523,"content":151524,"nodeType":883},{},[151525],{"data":151526,"marks":151527,"value":151528,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As a security team, our job is to help our company achieve its goals by taking risks securely. Simply using a computer represents a risk over the more traditional pen and paper, but the productivity gains clearly outweigh the risk; so the security team ensures the business takes that risk securely. Outright prevention - i.e. not using a computer - in this case, makes no sense.",{"data":151530,"content":151531,"nodeType":883},{},[151532],{"data":151533,"marks":151534,"value":151535,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Of course, within how the computer operates we might choose to prevent some functionality in the name of security, but the principle remains the same - prevention usually requires a trade-off against productivity.",{"data":151537,"content":151538,"nodeType":912},{},[151539],{"data":151540,"marks":151541,"value":151542,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Detection, but at the cost of privacy",{"data":151544,"content":151545,"nodeType":883},{},[151546],{"data":151547,"marks":151548,"value":151549,"nodeType":867},{},[],"When a base level of security became more common (through better awareness, accessible knowledge, and sensible vendor defaults), attackers shifted to using techniques that couldn’t be prevented because the business relied on the underlying tools - a malicious Word doc, a sneaky PowerShell script, a dodgy PDF.",{"data":151551,"content":151552,"nodeType":883},{},[151553],{"data":151554,"marks":151555,"value":151556,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Now prevention wasn’t an option, the security team had to monitor usage for malicious activity. But monitoring comes at a cost. To detect when malicious activity happens, the security team needs to monitor all activity, including legitimate activity. So, while a detection approach doesn’t restrict what a user can do, it comes at the cost of their privacy.",{"data":151558,"content":151559,"nodeType":912},{},[151560],{"data":151561,"marks":151562,"value":151563,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Building trust with your users",{"data":151565,"content":151566,"nodeType":883},{},[151567],{"data":151568,"marks":151569,"value":151570,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In either case, when introducing security controls you should aim to justify and explain this decision to your users, remembering that security’s job is to help them do their jobs securely - it shouldn’t be for them to figure out how to do their jobs within the confines of what the security team has decided is OK. A security team should be more like the secret service, than the prison service.",{"data":151572,"content":151573,"nodeType":883},{},[151574],{"data":151575,"marks":151576,"value":151577,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Although, of course, many employees won’t have much interest in the motivations of their IT/security team, maintaining this attitude will help you build and keep trust with them. With trust in hand, employees will be less likely to try to work around your controls.",{"data":151579,"content":151580,"nodeType":912},{},[151581],{"data":151582,"marks":151583,"value":151584,"nodeType":867},{},[],"SaaS - the new frontier",{"data":151586,"content":151587,"nodeType":883},{},[151588],{"data":151589,"marks":151590,"value":151591,"nodeType":867},{},[],"In recent years, our computers are mostly just windows to the Internet - many users access their email, video conferencing, productivity suites and more via their browser (or Electron apps pretending they aren’t browsers).",{"data":151593,"content":151594,"nodeType":883},{},[151595,151599,151604,151608,151612],{"data":151596,"marks":151597,"value":151598,"nodeType":867},{},[],"And, as is often the way, we’re relearning the same lessons as before. Should employees be ",{"data":151600,"marks":151601,"value":151603,"nodeType":867},{},[151602],{"type":2278},"allowed",{"data":151605,"marks":151606,"value":151607,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to sign up for and use arbitrary SaaS platforms? Should employees be ",{"data":151609,"marks":151610,"value":151603,"nodeType":867},{},[151611],{"type":2278},{"data":151613,"marks":151614,"value":151615,"nodeType":867},{},[]," to add arbitrary apps into Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, or other SaaS platforms?",{"data":151617,"content":151618,"nodeType":883},{},[151619,151623,151632],{"data":151620,"marks":151621,"value":151622,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Regardless of your answer, your coworkers have already spoken and it’s almost certainly already happening. A ",{"data":151624,"content":151626,"nodeType":878},{"uri":151625},"https://track.g2.com/resources/shadow-it-statistics",[151627],{"data":151628,"marks":151629,"value":151631,"nodeType":867},{},[151630],{"type":876},"report from G2",{"data":151633,"marks":151634,"value":151635,"nodeType":867},{},[]," stated that 80% of workers admit to using SaaS applications at work without getting approval from IT. If you want to enable your colleagues’ productivity, prevention, it would seem, isn’t an option.",{"data":151637,"content":151638,"nodeType":912},{},[151639],{"data":151640,"marks":151641,"value":151642,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The risks of SaaS",{"data":151644,"content":151645,"nodeType":883},{},[151646],{"data":151647,"marks":151648,"value":151649,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So how do we secure the company in this new way of working? We still have plenty to consider.",{"data":151651,"content":151652,"nodeType":883},{},[151653],{"data":151654,"marks":151655,"value":151656,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We can start thinking about SaaS not just as an allow or not to allow, but taking a more flexible and pragmatic approach, asking questions like::",{"data":151658,"content":151659,"nodeType":1526},{},[151660,151670,151680,151690,151700,151710],{"data":151661,"content":151662,"nodeType":1505},{},[151663],{"data":151664,"content":151665,"nodeType":883},{},[151666],{"data":151667,"marks":151668,"value":151669,"nodeType":867},{},[],"What kind of data users are entering into these third-party platforms?",{"data":151671,"content":151672,"nodeType":1505},{},[151673],{"data":151674,"content":151675,"nodeType":883},{},[151676],{"data":151677,"marks":151678,"value":151679,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How much do we trust the controls the third-party has in place?",{"data":151681,"content":151682,"nodeType":1505},{},[151683],{"data":151684,"content":151685,"nodeType":883},{},[151686],{"data":151687,"marks":151688,"value":151689,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Are those controls appropriate for the data? ",{"data":151691,"content":151692,"nodeType":1505},{},[151693],{"data":151694,"content":151695,"nodeType":883},{},[151696],{"data":151697,"marks":151698,"value":151699,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Is this platform redundant with the other services we use (e.g. “we use Google Drive, not Dropbox”)? ",{"data":151701,"content":151702,"nodeType":1505},{},[151703],{"data":151704,"content":151705,"nodeType":883},{},[151706],{"data":151707,"marks":151708,"value":151709,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Does IT or security need to manage accounts for joiners/leavers?",{"data":151711,"content":151712,"nodeType":1505},{},[151713],{"data":151714,"content":151715,"nodeType":883},{},[151716],{"data":151717,"marks":151718,"value":151719,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Does this platform impact our compliance? (e.g. does storing this data on this platform compromise our GDPR status?)",{"data":151721,"content":151722,"nodeType":883},{},[151723,151727,151736],{"data":151724,"marks":151725,"value":151726,"nodeType":867},{},[],"No one said it would be easy 🙃 and it’s easy to see why many organizations initially opt to simply try to block users from using such systems. Assessing each application can be daunting using traditional third-party security assessment techniques - we’ve written a ",{"data":151728,"content":151731,"nodeType":13489},{"target":151729},{"sys":151730},{"id":135738,"type":889,"linkType":890},[151732],{"data":151733,"marks":151734,"value":151735,"nodeType":867},{},[],"short guide",{"data":151737,"marks":151738,"value":151739,"nodeType":867},{},[]," on how to approach security auditing in a world of SaaS, which you might find useful.",{"data":151741,"content":151742,"nodeType":883},{},[151743,151747,151755],{"data":151744,"marks":151745,"value":151746,"nodeType":867},{},[],"But the first step in managing this new world is through visibility. Knowing the problem is half the battle and we published ",{"data":151748,"content":151750,"nodeType":878},{"uri":151749},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/rolling-your-own-saas-discovery/",[151751],{"data":151752,"marks":151753,"value":151754,"nodeType":867},{},[],"an article",{"data":151756,"marks":151757,"value":151758,"nodeType":867},{},[]," about how to manually find the SaaS apps your employees are using. The problem is, a lot of them are either error-prone or quite invasive, potentially collecting your users private activity. In the trade-off of security versus privacy, we think that’s a bit too far and will likely damage the trust you’ve built with your coworkers.",{"data":151760,"content":151761,"nodeType":912},{},[151762],{"data":151763,"marks":151764,"value":151765,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Monitoring SaaS use without compromising privacy",{"data":151767,"content":151768,"nodeType":883},{},[151769],{"data":151770,"marks":151771,"value":151772,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Our approach at Push is to deploy our browser extension to our users’ browsers which is configured with the domains we use for work (e.g. @pushsecurity.com). The browser extension only monitors logins where an @pushsecurity.com email address is used, which we can reasonably assume means the platform is being used for work reasons.",{"data":151774,"content":151775,"nodeType":883},{},[151776],{"data":151777,"marks":151778,"value":151779,"nodeType":867},{},[],"We share this with employees up front during the onboarding process and, if you click on the browser extension, it also lets you know which domains it’s monitoring:",{"data":151781,"content":151785,"nodeType":892},{"target":151782},{"sys":151783},{"id":151784,"type":889,"linkType":890},"6z1apzuDIaXXN7xIAHEUku",[],{"data":151787,"content":151788,"nodeType":883},{},[151789],{"data":151790,"marks":151791,"value":151792,"nodeType":867},{},[],"This helps our users understand why we are monitoring which SaaS they’re using which in turn makes them aware of the risk we are managing and why.",{"data":151794,"content":151795,"nodeType":883},{},[151796],{"data":151797,"marks":151798,"value":151799,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With this approach we’ve built a comprehensive picture of which SaaS platforms our team is using which has helped us understand where our data lives and which platforms need extra attention to ensure we have all the right controls in place. When our users use a new platform we can reach out to them at the start of their journey to understand what they’re trying to achieve and how we can help them do it securely.",{"data":151801,"content":151802,"nodeType":883},{},[151803,151806,151815],{"data":151804,"marks":151805,"value":21,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":151807,"content":151809,"nodeType":878},{"uri":151808},"https://pushsecurity.com/features/saas-discovery",[151810],{"data":151811,"marks":151812,"value":151814,"nodeType":867},{},[151813],{"type":876},"Learn more about how Push can discover SaaS apps your employees are using",{"data":151816,"marks":151817,"value":151818,"nodeType":867},{},[]," without compromising their privacy. ","How to discover SaaS use without invading employee privacy","Learn how to manage SaaS in a way that keeps employees productive and doesn't compromise privacy.","2022-08-22T00:00:00.000Z","how-to-discover-saas-use-without-invading-employee-privacy",{"items":151824},[151825,151827],{"sys":151826,"name":135690},{"id":135689},{"sys":151828,"name":131275},{"id":131274},{"items":151830},[151831],{"fullName":115841,"firstName":115842,"jobTitle":115843,"profilePicture":151832},{"url":115845},{"__typename":1670,"sys":151834,"content":151836,"title":152162,"synopsis":152163,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":152164,"slug":152165,"tagsCollection":152166,"authorsCollection":152172},{"id":151835},"4LOMe7ez5adQtwbPireIBc",{"json":151837},{"data":151838,"content":151839,"nodeType":1569},{},[151840,151847,151867,151874,151881,151888,151895,151902,151909,151916,151923,151930,151937,151944,151951,151967,151974,151981,151988,151995,152002,152009,152027,152034,152041,152048,152054,152061,152069,152102,152110,152143],{"data":151841,"content":151842,"nodeType":883},{},[151843],{"data":151844,"marks":151845,"value":151846,"nodeType":867},{},[],"As part of your larger cloud security strategy, you’ve likely been asked to focus on how to secure SaaS apps used in your company. The first step to securing SaaS is getting a real sense of what platforms employees are actually using, beyond those that you already know about. Since SaaS is so easy for employees to adopt and start using without any input from IT and security, they’re likely using hundreds of SaaS apps that aren’t even on your radar. The first step in securing something is getting full visibility into what you even need to secure in the first place. ",{"data":151848,"content":151849,"nodeType":883},{},[151850,151854,151863],{"data":151851,"marks":151852,"value":151853,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To help guide folks through how you might do SaaS discovery on your own, we wrote an ",{"data":151855,"content":151858,"nodeType":13489},{"target":151856},{"sys":151857},{"id":135752,"type":889,"linkType":890},[151859],{"data":151860,"marks":151861,"value":151862,"nodeType":867},{},[],"article",{"data":151864,"marks":151865,"value":151866,"nodeType":867},{},[]," about how to manually find what apps employees are using. In it, we explored how to analyze data that you already have on hand to find the unknown apps (shadow IT) used within your business. That’s a pretty significant manual effort, though, and most security teams don’t have the resources to do it. Plus, while these manual attempts can chip away at the SaaS discovery process, none are great at giving you a comprehensive view of SaaS use, nor do they keep up with the constant influx of apps employees are signing up for daily. ",{"data":151868,"content":151869,"nodeType":883},{},[151870],{"data":151871,"marks":151872,"value":151873,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To get truly broad coverage of what SaaS employees are using, you need a large dataset of SaaS apps, the domains associated with them, and this dataset must constantly be updated and expanded to include new apps that are launched every day. ",{"data":151875,"content":151876,"nodeType":883},{},[151877],{"data":151878,"marks":151879,"value":151880,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Unless you can find such a dataset, you must create it. And creating a constantly updated dataset is no small undertaking. That’s why there are so many off-the-shelf solutions and tools that focus solely on SaaS discovery these days. Many say that they are full-scale SaaS security platforms, but what that means isn’t always clear, even after reading product marketing materials. If you were to look at a venn diagram of “SaaS security platforms,” you’d have a giant mess of interlocking circles, with some shared activities amongst all (or most) tools and then vastly different features from that core functionality.",{"data":151882,"content":151883,"nodeType":883},{},[151884],{"data":151885,"marks":151886,"value":151887,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How “good” they are at SaaS discovery really depends on what data they’re using, what they have access to within your environment, the quality of their proprietary datasets (breadth, depth, and timeliness of that data), and how they work with your existing data and tools. To help navigate this mess, we’re sharing some pros and cons of the categories of commercial tools on the market.",{"data":151889,"content":151890,"nodeType":883},{},[151891],{"data":151892,"marks":151893,"value":151894,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To determine which solution you need, you need to consider your tech stack, your specific needs, your risk tolerance, and your short and long term objectives. In this article, we’ll break down some major use cases and match them up with what solutions make the most sense to address them.",{"data":151896,"content":151897,"nodeType":921},{},[151898],{"data":151899,"marks":151900,"value":151901,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You’re a large enterprise interested in securing core SaaS platforms",{"data":151903,"content":151904,"nodeType":883},{},[151905],{"data":151906,"marks":151907,"value":151908,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\nWorking to only secure 20 or so core applications that have already been sanctioned by the security team? A cloud security posture management (CSPM) or SaaS security posture management (SSPM) solution might be the answer you’re looking for, particularly if you’re on the highest tier license for those apps. ",{"data":151910,"content":151911,"nodeType":883},{},[151912],{"data":151913,"marks":151914,"value":151915,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You can make the most of these tools during in-depth investigations or threat hunting exercises. Leverage them to enforce custom SaaS or cloud app policies as well. The caveat with this one is that you’ll need a fairly sophisticated security team to manage, customize, and run SSPM and CSPM tools.",{"data":151917,"content":151918,"nodeType":883},{},[151919],{"data":151920,"marks":151921,"value":151922,"nodeType":867},{},[],"An ideal environment for these solutions is one that has a full SOC capability so that you extend your existing security monitoring and threat hunting coverage into these core SaaS platforms. You’ll be able to secure a small handful of your business critical applications as long as they’re large and well-established platforms. ",{"data":151924,"content":151925,"nodeType":883},{},[151926],{"data":151927,"marks":151928,"value":151929,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The reason you’ll need top-level licenses and well-established SaaS platforms to make these solutions work is because they rely on API data from those SaaS platforms. Those mature APIs provide necessary information about those core apps that CSPMs and SSPMs use to provide security insights you need to manage the risks. Unfortunately, they won’t cover the dozens of smaller SaaS apps most organizations use, and are normally only available on top license tiers.",{"data":151931,"content":151932,"nodeType":921},{},[151933],{"data":151934,"marks":151935,"value":151936,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You’re a more traditional, on-prem enterprise interested in blocking unsanctioned SaaS",{"data":151938,"content":151939,"nodeType":883},{},[151940],{"data":151941,"marks":151942,"value":151943,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If your environment is traditional on-site internal networks and you have mature gateway monitoring technology in place already, a cloud access security broker (CASB) may be your best path to securing cloud apps. CASBs work best if you have no employees working from home or on the road or you’re forcing employees to only access work platforms and internet browsers through your corporate VPN.",{"data":151945,"content":151946,"nodeType":883},{},[151947],{"data":151948,"marks":151949,"value":151950,"nodeType":867},{},[],"CASBs typically pull network data such as DNS, SASE, VPN, proxy, and firewall logs. They may also require that you install an agent on each employees’ devices if you want coverage when they are out of the office. ",{"data":151952,"content":151953,"nodeType":883},{},[151954,151958,151963],{"data":151955,"marks":151956,"value":151957,"nodeType":867},{},[],"With those data sources, they provide good aggregate information about SaaS platforms that are accessed. What they ",{"data":151959,"marks":151960,"value":151962,"nodeType":867},{},[151961],{"type":2278},"can’t do well",{"data":151964,"marks":151965,"value":151966,"nodeType":867},{},[]," is provide any insight into how the SaaS app is being used, by which employees (you typically get IP addresses not user names), and for what purpose - as an example, they are typically not able to tell the difference between opening a SaaS product’s homepage, or actually logging into the application - so you are going to have a fairly large number of false positives. ",{"data":151968,"content":151969,"nodeType":883},{},[151970],{"data":151971,"marks":151972,"value":151973,"nodeType":867},{},[],"A CASB also really makes sense if you’re forced into complying with strict regulatory requirements to block everything until you’re able to do an in-depth due diligence process on each app. If your goal (or need) is to block access to unknown, unvetted, or unsanctioned SaaS at the network level with no exceptions, a CASB might be for you.",{"data":151975,"content":151976,"nodeType":921},{},[151977],{"data":151978,"marks":151979,"value":151980,"nodeType":867},{},[],"You’re a cloud-native company who wants to enable SaaS without introducing too much risk",{"data":151982,"content":151983,"nodeType":883},{},[151984],{"data":151985,"marks":151986,"value":151987,"nodeType":867},{},[],"For cloud-native companies that need better coverage, and are looking for more nuanced controls than network-level blocking, a solution that discovers and secures SaaS through the browser is the way to go. Since employees access SaaS through their browser, it’s a logical step to collect data about who is using what apps through a browser extension. ",{"data":151989,"content":151990,"nodeType":883},{},[151991],{"data":151992,"marks":151993,"value":151994,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The browser approach lets you do true SaaS discovery - so you can find what employees are actually using (not just accessing) and then go about securing those apps. You also don’t need to do much in terms of managing a browser-based solution once it’s set up. It simply runs in the background and surfaces employee SaaS use data into a dashboard. ",{"data":151996,"content":151997,"nodeType":883},{},[151998],{"data":151999,"marks":152000,"value":152001,"nodeType":867},{},[],"By combining browser-level data and robust security APIs from those core business platforms that SSPMs typically tap into, you can get broad visibility of SaaS use in your company for those large in number, but less mature, more up-and-coming apps, and the depth of security data you need for those few core apps that most employees are using. ",{"data":152003,"content":152004,"nodeType":883},{},[152005],{"data":152006,"marks":152007,"value":152008,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The other key benefit of a browser-based approach for SaaS discovery is that you can get incredibly powerful data about who is using the app, how they’re using it, if they’re using security features such as MFA, if they’re reusing passwords across multiple apps, if they’re sharing passwords, when they’ve used it last, and so on. That data is critical when it comes to securing SaaS because the devil truly is in the details. ",{"data":152010,"content":152011,"nodeType":883},{},[152012,152016,152024],{"data":152013,"marks":152014,"value":152015,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If we’ve piqued your interest and you’re curious to see what we can discover about SaaS in your business, ",{"data":152017,"content":152019,"nodeType":878},{"uri":152018},"https://login.pushsecurity.com/",[152020],{"data":152021,"marks":152022,"value":152023,"nodeType":867},{},[],"try the free browser extension",{"data":152025,"marks":152026,"value":8591,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":152028,"content":152029,"nodeType":921},{},[152030],{"data":152031,"marks":152032,"value":152033,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Consider their data sources  ",{"data":152035,"content":152036,"nodeType":883},{},[152037],{"data":152038,"marks":152039,"value":152040,"nodeType":867},{},[],"The critical thing to understand when you’re evaluating if a solution will work for you would be understanding what their data sources are, what weaknesses those data sources inherently have, and what aligns best with your goals. We’ve tried to surface some of that information within the use cases in this article.",{"data":152042,"content":152043,"nodeType":883},{},[152044],{"data":152045,"marks":152046,"value":152047,"nodeType":867},{},[],"So if you’re looking at an EDR that says they can discover SaaS usage, they’ll likely be leveraging endpoint data to detect SaaS use. If you’re looking at CASBs that integrate with your proxy, they’re probably looking at network level data – you get the idea.  ",{"data":152049,"content":152050,"nodeType":921},{},[152051],{"data":152052,"marks":152053,"value":28898,"nodeType":867},{},[],{"data":152055,"content":152056,"nodeType":883},{},[152057],{"data":152058,"marks":152059,"value":152060,"nodeType":867},{},[],"To wrap this up, we’re going to summarize some key points and provide some questions to ask yourself, your team, or even the vendor of the solution you’re evaluating, as you consider what combination of efforts or what tool is right for you. ",{"data":152062,"content":152063,"nodeType":883},{},[152064],{"data":152065,"marks":152066,"value":152068,"nodeType":867},{},[152067],{"type":910},"Does this solution provide SaaS discovery?",{"data":152070,"content":152071,"nodeType":1526},{},[152072,152082,152092],{"data":152073,"content":152074,"nodeType":1505},{},[152075],{"data":152076,"content":152077,"nodeType":883},{},[152078],{"data":152079,"marks":152080,"value":152081,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Will this tool find what SaaS apps employees are using, including those you don’t already know about? If so, how? ",{"data":152083,"content":152084,"nodeType":1505},{},[152085],{"data":152086,"content":152087,"nodeType":883},{},[152088],{"data":152089,"marks":152090,"value":152091,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Will the tool be able to differentiate between a user visiting a SaaS website, and actually logging into the app? How will it determine who the user is?",{"data":152093,"content":152094,"nodeType":1505},{},[152095],{"data":152096,"content":152097,"nodeType":883},{},[152098],{"data":152099,"marks":152100,"value":152101,"nodeType":867},{},[],"If the tool doesn’t provide you with SaaS discovery (finding Shadow IT and the apps employees are using that aren’t on your radar), how will you deal with those apps employees are using without your knowledge?",{"data":152103,"content":152104,"nodeType":883},{},[152105],{"data":152106,"marks":152107,"value":152109,"nodeType":867},{},[152108],{"type":910},"Does the tool provide enough context so you can manage SaaS risk?",{"data":152111,"content":152112,"nodeType":1526},{},[152113,152123,152133],{"data":152114,"content":152115,"nodeType":1505},{},[152116],{"data":152117,"content":152118,"nodeType":883},{},[152119],{"data":152120,"marks":152121,"value":152122,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Are you getting context about how your users are using apps (are they logging in with social logins or passwords, do they have MFA enabled, are they admins on the app, etc.), or is it only providing generic information about the app?",{"data":152124,"content":152125,"nodeType":1505},{},[152126],{"data":152127,"content":152128,"nodeType":883},{},[152129],{"data":152130,"marks":152131,"value":152132,"nodeType":867},{},[],"How will you engage employees that already rely on these SaaS platforms, or want to adopt new apps, can you handle that though email or in-person - or do you need something more scalable?",{"data":152134,"content":152135,"nodeType":1505},{},[152136],{"data":152137,"content":152138,"nodeType":883},{},[152139],{"data":152140,"marks":152141,"value":152142,"nodeType":867},{},[],"Do you need the ability to apply progressive controls, or simply need the ability to block apps entirely?",{"data":152144,"content":152145,"nodeType":883},{},[152146,152150,152158],{"data":152147,"marks":152148,"value":152149,"nodeType":867},{},[],"\nIf you aren’t sure about these questions, why not consider what a ",{"data":152151,"content":152153,"nodeType":878},{"uri":152152},"/product",[152154],{"data":152155,"marks":152156,"value":152157,"nodeType":867},{},[],"user-powered security approach",{"data":152159,"marks":152160,"value":152161,"nodeType":867},{},[]," might look like for your organization.","How to find the right SaaS security solution for your organization ","In this guide, we’ll break down some major SaaS use cases and match them up with solutions that can address them, covering pros and cons for each.\n","2022-07-25T00:00:00.000Z","how-to-find-the-right-saas-security-solution-for-your-organization",{"items":152167},[152168,152170],{"sys":152169,"name":135690},{"id":135689},{"sys":152171,"name":131275},{"id":131274},{"items":152173},[152174],{"fullName":39815,"firstName":39816,"jobTitle":39817,"profilePicture":152175},{"url":39819},"embrace-saas-to-move-faster-than-your-competitors","blog/embrace-saas-to-move-faster-than-your-competitors",{"json":152179},{"data":152180,"content":152181,"nodeType":1569},{},[152182],{"data":152183,"content":152184,"nodeType":883},{},[152185],{"data":152186,"marks":152187,"value":152188,"nodeType":867},{},[],"One of the questions we hear all the time is, “Can’t I just block my employees from using SaaS that my team hasn’t already vetted and approved?” And the answer is “Yes, you can. You can certainly block the apps we find your employees using, but the real question is ‘Should you?’”","Look at enabling SaaS from a broader understanding of the business and not just the impact to security",{"id":152191,"publishedAt":152192},"6tC3Xqkq7kdTMOvqLMEafp","2026-08-12T11:56:23.643Z",{"items":152194},[152195,152197],{"sys":152196,"name":135690},{"id":135689},{"sys":152198,"name":297},{"id":39247},{"items":152200},[152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227],{"sys":152202,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":152204,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":152206,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":152208,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":152210,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":152212,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":152214,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":152216,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":152218,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":152220,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":152222,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":152224,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45},{"id":374},{"sys":152226,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":152228,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},"PhHQYsz58S-CFuI0MPA3Ypt9HqK31oerSR9bZ31hOnY",1787040075648]