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Shadow AI adoption may now outpace wider shadow SaaS, and attackers are already turning AI chatbot platforms into malware delivery channels. Push has researched the offensive potential of computer-using agents and now applies AI agents to its own threat hunting. This hub covers AI as risk, target, and defensive tool.",22,{"sys":240,"faqItemsCollection":242,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45,"intro":246,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":241},"topic-ai-attacks",{"items":243},[],"AI attacks","ai-attacks","AI attacks run in both directions: attackers using AI to scale phishing, malware delivery, and identity attacks, and AI platforms themselves becoming the attack surface. 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These posts cover both the philosophy and the workflows.",101,{"sys":347,"faqItemsCollection":349,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45,"intro":353,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":354,"hasPage":19},{"id":348},"topic-detection-engineering",{"items":350},[],"Detection engineering","detection-engineering","Detection engineering turns threat research into reliable, high-fidelity detections — and as AI accelerates the churn of attacker infrastructure, indicator-based detection is collapsing in favor of technique-level approaches. Here you’ll find teardowns of AiTM kits, ClickFix pages, and malvertising campaigns, alongside Push’s own account of building an agentic threat hunting pipeline that turns hunts into shipped detections.",42,{"sys":356,"faqItemsCollection":358,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45,"intro":362,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":357},"topic-device-code-phishing",{"items":359},[],"Device code phishing","device-code-phishing","Device code phishing abuses the OAuth device authorization flow: attackers generate a legitimate sign-in code, trick the victim into entering it on the vendor’s real login page, and walk away with access tokens — no fake site or password capture required. Push research tracked a sharp spike in adoption during 2026 as attackers use the technique to sidestep standard access controls.",{"sys":364,"faqItemsCollection":366,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45,"intro":370,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":365},"topic-dlp",{"items":367},[],"DLP","dlp","Data loss prevention (DLP) is the practice of stopping sensitive data from leaving your control — a problem that has shifted from email and endpoints to the browser, where employees move data into SaaS and AI tools. Push applies controls at that point of use, from keeping corporate credentials out of personal password managers to governing what flows into unsanctioned apps.",15,{"sys":373,"faqItemsCollection":375,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45,"intro":379,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":380,"hasPage":19},{"id":374},"topic-edr",{"items":376},[],"EDR","edr","Endpoint detection and response (EDR) watches processes, files, and memory on the device — a vantage point that never sees the phishing pages, stolen sessions, and identity attacks playing out inside the browser. That’s not an EDR failure; attackers have simply moved where it can’t follow. These posts map that gap and show how Push pairs browser-level detection and response with endpoint security to close it.",24,{"sys":382,"faqItemsCollection":384,"name":386,"slug":387,"tier":45,"intro":388,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":383},"topic-enterprise-browser",{"items":385},[],"Enterprise browser","enterprise-browser","An enterprise browser is a standalone, security-hardened browser that organizations deploy in place of Chrome, Edge, or other defaults. The real buying question is whether replacing the browser beats securing the browsers employees already use — a trade-off these posts examine directly, alongside analysis of Omdia’s secure enterprise browser market report and Push’s framework for weighing full browsers against extension-based deployment.",6,{"sys":391,"faqItemsCollection":393,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45,"intro":397,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":392},"topic-ghost-logins",{"items":394},[],"Ghost logins","ghost-logins","Ghost logins are overlooked authentication routes into an account — like a password login lingering behind SSO, or a forgotten secondary auth method — that attackers exploit for account takeover and persistence. Push coined the term after research showing how these forgotten login paths let attackers sidestep the MFA and SSO controls guarding an account’s primary sign-in method.",48,{"sys":400,"faqItemsCollection":402,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45,"intro":406,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":407,"hasPage":19},{"id":401},"topic-identity-attacks",{"items":403},[],"Identity attacks","identity-attacks","Identity attacks target user accounts rather than infrastructure — phishing credentials, stealing sessions, abusing OAuth grants — because logging in is easier than hacking in. Identity-based techniques are now the leading cause of breaches. Push’s offensive research maps these techniques continuously, coining attacks like SAMLjacking and the poisoned tenant before they appeared in the wild.",56,{"sys":409,"faqItemsCollection":411,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31,"intro":415,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":416,"hasPage":19},{"id":410},"topic-identity-security",{"items":412},[],"Identity security","identity-security","Identity security is the practice of protecting workforce accounts, credentials, and sessions — the primary route attackers now use to breach organizations. Instead of hacking in, attackers log in: through phished credentials, stolen session tokens, MFA bypass, and forgotten ghost logins. Push’s research team documents these techniques continuously, from cross-IdP impersonation and SAMLjacking to analyses of major identity-driven breaches. This hub collects that research alongside practical guidance on MFA, SSO, and stopping account takeover.",154,{"sys":418,"faqItemsCollection":420,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45,"intro":424,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":425,"hasPage":19},{"id":419},"topic-infostealer",{"items":421},[],"Infostealer","infostealer","Infostealers are malware built to harvest saved passwords, cookies, and session tokens from infected devices, supplying the stolen credentials behind some of the most consequential breaches of recent years. Push traces the ecosystem trading this data and checks employee passwords against threat intel feeds, flagging verified stolen credentials before attackers can log in with them.",52,{"sys":427,"faqItemsCollection":429,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45,"intro":433,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":434,"hasPage":19},{"id":428},"topic-legitimate-service-abuse",{"items":430},[],"Legitimate service abuse","legitimate-service-abuse","Legitimate service abuse means staging attacks on trusted platforms — Google Ads, AI chatbot share pages, office.com links, Slack, SaaS tenants — so malicious content inherits the reputation of the service hosting it. Push research has documented the pattern repeatedly, from malvertising run through hijacked Google Ad Manager accounts to phishing links generated by Active Directory Federation Services.",28,{"sys":436,"faqItemsCollection":438,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45,"intro":442,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":291,"hasPage":19},{"id":437},"topic-malvertising",{"items":439},[],"Malvertising","malvertising","Malvertising uses paid search and display ads to put phishing pages and malware in front of users, often by impersonating trusted brands at the top of Google results. Push tracks these campaigns continuously — intercepting live attacks spoofing well-known brands — and has documented how criminals hijack Google Ads accounts to fund and run them.",{"sys":444,"faqItemsCollection":446,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45,"intro":450,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":445},"topic-malware-delivery",{"items":447},[],"Malware delivery","malware-delivery","Malware delivery has moved into the browser: rather than email attachments, attackers now rely on malvertising, fake install guides, and ClickFix-style copy-paste lures to get code running on endpoints. Push research on techniques like InstallFix maps the playbook, and in-browser detection of malicious copy and paste blocks these attacks before commands reach the endpoint.",13,{"sys":453,"faqItemsCollection":455,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45,"intro":459,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":460,"hasPage":19},{"id":454},"topic-mfa",{"items":456},[],"MFA","mfa","Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires a second proof of identity beyond a password, and it remains one of the most effective controls against account takeover. Regulators from Cyber Essentials to NYDFS now mandate it across cloud services. Push enforces MFA in the browser on third-party apps — even those with no native enforcement option — and shows security teams where coverage gaps remain.",83,{"sys":462,"faqItemsCollection":464,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45,"intro":468,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":469,"hasPage":19},{"id":463},"topic-mfa-bypass",{"items":465},[],"MFA bypass","mfa-bypass","MFA bypass covers the techniques attackers use to defeat multi-factor authentication — AiTM phishing kits, consent phishing, device code phishing, and MFA downgrade attacks among them. None of these break the second factor; they route around it. Push researchers regularly get hands-on with phishing kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA, analyzing how these attacks work in the wild and how they evolve.",58,{"sys":471,"faqItemsCollection":473,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45,"intro":477,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":478,"hasPage":19},{"id":472},"topic-non-email-phishing",{"items":474},[],"Non-email phishing","non-email-phishing","Non-email phishing delivers malicious links through channels your secure email gateway never sees — social media messages, IM apps like Slack and Teams, search ads, and SMS. Push has intercepted live campaigns arriving via LinkedIn DMs, malvertising, and messaging platforms, which is why it detects phishing pages in the browser at the point of click, regardless of delivery channel.",51,{"sys":480,"faqItemsCollection":482,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45,"intro":486,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":487,"hasPage":19},{"id":481},"topic-oauth-abuse",{"items":483},[],"OAuth abuse","oauth-abuse","OAuth abuse is attackers exploiting app-to-app authorization — consent phishing, malicious OAuth apps, stolen tokens, and device code flows — to gain persistent access to cloud tenants without touching a password or MFA prompt. Push tracks these techniques continuously and discovered ConsentFix, a browser-native attack in the wild that pairs OAuth consent phishing with a ClickFix-style prompt.",70,{"sys":489,"faqItemsCollection":491,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45,"intro":495,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":496,"hasPage":19},{"id":490},"topic-passkeys",{"items":492},[],"Passkeys","passkeys","Passkeys are phishing-resistant credentials that replace passwords with cryptographic key pairs bound to a user’s device. They defeat conventional credential phishing, but attackers adapt: Push research has documented MFA downgrade, app-specific password phishing, and device code phishing being used in the wild to route around passkey-protected accounts. Deploying passkeys is step one; closing those fallback paths is step two.",21,{"sys":498,"faqItemsCollection":500,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45,"intro":504,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":505,"hasPage":19},{"id":499},"topic-password-security",{"items":501},[],"Password security","password-security","Password security is the practice of keeping workforce credentials strong, unique, and out of attackers’ hands — still a frontline defense while most SaaS logins depend on passwords. Expiration policies don’t fix weak or reused passwords; visibility does. Push observes real logins in the browser to flag weak, reused, and breached passwords and guide employees to reset them on any app.",79,{"sys":507,"faqItemsCollection":509,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45,"intro":513,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":318,"hasPage":19},{"id":508},"topic-phaas",{"items":510},[],"PhaaS","phaas","Phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) platforms sell ready-made phishing kits, hosted infrastructure, and management panels on subscription, letting low-skill criminals run MFA-bypassing campaigns at scale. Kits like Evilginx, Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, and EvilTokens each add their own evasion and session-theft capabilities, and new entrants appear regularly. Push researchers continuously get hands-on with these tools — investigating attacks in the wild, reverse-engineering kit behavior, and turning that research into detections.",{"sys":515,"faqItemsCollection":517,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31,"intro":521,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":522,"hasPage":19},{"id":516},"topic-phishing",{"items":518},[],"Phishing","phishing","Phishing remains the most common way attackers compromise business accounts — and it has moved far beyond suspicious emails. Modern campaigns use AiTM toolkits that bypass MFA, consent phishing against OAuth, device code phishing, and lures delivered through malvertising, LinkedIn, and Slack. Push detects and blocks these attacks in the browser, and its researchers publish teardowns of live campaigns and kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA. Read on for how phishing actually works today and what stops it.",91,{"sys":524,"faqItemsCollection":526,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45,"intro":530,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":531,"hasPage":19},{"id":525},"topic-public-breach",{"items":527},[],"Public breach","public-breach","Public breaches are the disclosed incidents that show how attacks actually unfold once the headlines fade. Push’s breach analyses keep finding identity at the entry point: stolen credentials, OAuth abuse, and missing MFA recur across the incidents analyzed here.",29,{"sys":533,"faqItemsCollection":535,"name":537,"slug":538,"tier":45,"intro":539,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":534},"topic-ransomware",{"items":536},[],"Ransomware","ransomware","Ransomware attacks increasingly begin with an identity, not an exploit: stolen credentials, MFA bypass, and help desk scams give operators their initial foothold. The analysis here follows that front end of the kill chain — how identity compromise leads to ransomware deployment, and the breaches driving regulators toward tighter MFA requirements.",{"sys":541,"faqItemsCollection":543,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31,"intro":547,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":548,"hasPage":19},{"id":542},"topic-saas-security",{"items":544},[],"SaaS security","saas-security","SaaS security means protecting the sprawl of cloud apps, accounts, and integrations your employees adopt — often without IT ever knowing. Shadow SaaS, risky OAuth grants, ghost logins, and unmanaged third-party access create attack paths traditional controls can’t see, as recent high-profile breaches have demonstrated. Building on the original SaaS attack matrix, Push continues to map SaaS-native attack techniques alongside practical guides for discovering and securing unsanctioned apps, and this hub gathers all of it.",96,{"sys":550,"faqItemsCollection":552,"name":554,"slug":555,"tier":45,"intro":556,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":551},"topic-security-training",{"items":553},[],"Security training","security-training","Security training aims to teach employees to recognize and avoid attacks — yet modern phishing routinely fools even seasoned security professionals. Push argues that training budgets work harder as real-time, in-browser intervention: guardrails and warnings at the moment of risk, rather than lessons employees must recall under pressure.",4,{"sys":559,"faqItemsCollection":561,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45,"intro":565,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":560},"topic-seo-poisoning",{"items":562},[],"SEO poisoning","seo-poisoning","SEO poisoning manipulates search engine results so malicious pages rank prominently for the software, tools, or services users are actively searching for, turning a routine search into an infection vector. It often pairs with malvertising and ClickFix-style payloads — Push has documented attackers abusing shared pages on legitimate AI chatbot domains to deliver malware from trusted infrastructure.",{"sys":567,"faqItemsCollection":569,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45,"intro":573,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":574,"hasPage":19},{"id":568},"topic-session-hijacking",{"items":570},[],"Session hijacking","session-hijacking","Session hijacking is the theft of an authenticated session — usually via stolen session cookies or tokens — letting attackers walk past passwords and MFA into a live account. AiTM phishing kits and infostealers have made it a mainstream attack technique across both criminal and targeted intrusions. Push’s browser agent detects session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string, creating a high-fidelity signal for security teams.",74,{"sys":576,"faqItemsCollection":578,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45,"intro":582,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":583,"hasPage":19},{"id":577},"topic-shadow-ai",{"items":579},[],"Shadow AI","shadow-ai","Shadow AI is employees’ unsanctioned use of AI tools at work, putting corporate data into chatbots and assistants that security teams never approved and can’t see. Push’s own browser telemetry shows AI adoption acting as a force multiplier for shadow IT — potentially now outscaling shadow SaaS — and this hub tracks that research, real-world breach examples, and practical controls.",20,{"sys":585,"faqItemsCollection":587,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45,"intro":591,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":592,"hasPage":19},{"id":586},"topic-shadow-saas",{"items":588},[],"Shadow SaaS","shadow-saas","Shadow SaaS is the cloud applications employees adopt for work without IT approval, each one creating unmanaged accounts, identities, and data outside your security controls. Push covers the problem end to end — from browser-based SaaS discovery to in-browser app banners and MFA enforcement — alongside breach analyses that show where unmanaged accounts lead.",75,{"sys":594,"faqItemsCollection":596,"name":598,"slug":599,"tier":45,"intro":600,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":601,"hasPage":19},{"id":595},"topic-siem",{"items":597},[],"SIEM","siem","A SIEM is only as good as the telemetry feeding it, and most log sources never see what happens inside the browser — where phishing, session token theft, and account takeover actually play out. Push streams browser-level detections and identity telemetry into SIEMs, and these posts show how that data improves detection fidelity and cuts alert fatigue.",19,{"sys":603,"faqItemsCollection":605,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45,"intro":609,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":610,"hasPage":19},{"id":604},"topic-social-engineering",{"items":606},[],"Social engineering","social-engineering","Social engineering is the manipulation of people — through phishing pages, help desk impersonation, vishing calls, and poisoned tenant invites — into handing over access that no exploit could take. Coverage here tracks how threat actors run these plays — drawing on Push’s ongoing investigation of live phishing infrastructure and criminal tooling.",59,{"sys":612,"faqItemsCollection":614,"name":616,"slug":617,"tier":31,"intro":618,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":613},"topic-supply-chain-security",{"items":615},[],"Supply chain security","supply-chain-security","Supply chain security extends beyond your own perimeter to the vendors, platforms, and browser extensions your organization depends on. A compromised third party can hand attackers legitimate access — as recent campaigns against SaaS providers have shown. Push’s research examines the browser-extension supply chain in particular: why extension risk scores fail to predict compromise, and how developers can harden extensions against takeover. These posts frame supply chain risk through a browser and identity lens.",{"sys":620,"faqItemsCollection":622,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45,"intro":626,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":627,"hasPage":19},{"id":621},"topic-swg",{"items":623},[],"SWG","swg","A secure web gateway (SWG) filters and inspects web traffic in transit, sitting in the network path between users and the internet. That position shows you the packet but not the session: Push’s research on AitM phishing kits documents how attackers break the signatures proxies rely on, and these posts explain why phishing detection is moving from the network path into the browser itself.",17,{"sys":629,"faqItemsCollection":631,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45,"intro":635,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":636,"hasPage":19},{"id":630},"topic-third-party-risk",{"items":632},[],"Third-party risk","third-party-risk","Third-party risk is the exposure your organization inherits from vendors, SaaS providers, and integrations that hold your data or access your tenants — a chain now extended one employee sign-up at a time. This hub collects Push’s breach analyses and guides for assessing OAuth integrations, managing browser extensions, and responding when a supplier is compromised.",44,{"sys":638,"faqItemsCollection":640,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31,"intro":644,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":639},"topic-threat-landscape",{"items":641},[],"Threat landscape","threat-landscape","The enterprise threat landscape is now defined by identity attacks: criminals log in with phished, stolen, or stuffed credentials rather than breaking infrastructure. Threat actors keep proving how effective help desk scams, MFA bypass, and session theft are against well-defended organizations. Drawing on breach analyses, annual phishing trend reviews, and in-the-wild campaign tracking, Push documents how attacker TTPs are shifting. This hub is where to follow those changes.",{"sys":646,"faqItemsCollection":648,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45,"intro":652,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":647},"topic-vishing",{"items":649},[],"Vishing","vishing","Vishing — voice phishing — uses phone calls to impersonate IT support, help desks, or employees, talking targets into password resets, MFA approvals, or opening attacker-controlled pages. Threat actors now routinely pair calls with AiTM phishing to hijack SSO accounts, a chain Push has analyzed across campaigns targeting hundreds of organizations.",{},"blogtopics","w0ITersBlkytyrxHNkTEFmGsSW5X9NfdbmeXV1u8bAo",[657,661,665,669,673],{"title":658,"logo":659,"createdDate":660},"SOC2","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fb6727a5e00004d6e9e69fc3068b8b64c",1784291539953,{"title":662,"logo":663,"createdDate":664},"GDPR","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Ffe49f53211674deaa5a6640d929cdf42?format=webp",1784291672535,{"title":666,"logo":667,"createdDate":668},"Cyber essentials","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F53558c1045a342a7a28def960cd54ae7?format=webp",1784291702710,{"title":670,"logo":671,"createdDate":672},"ISO IEC 27001","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F578a404a61cf45db951a41fe3554d12d",1784291766222,{"title":674,"logo":675,"createdDate":676},"ISO IEC 27701","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fbe219844b13242fbba531959579a753c",1784291858848,[678,730,775],{"id":679,"label":680,"text":21,"navIcon":681,"items":682},"stop-browser-based-attacks","Stop browser-based attacks","solid:faShieldHalved",[683,688,693,698,703,708,712,717,721,725],{"title":684,"text":685,"url":686,"navIcon":687},"Adversary-in-the-Middle","Detect and block AiTM proxies stealing session tokens.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/adversary-in-the-middle-attacks","solid:faUserSecret",{"title":689,"text":690,"url":691,"navIcon":692},"ClickFix (+Fix variants)","Block attacks that trick users into running malicious code.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/clickfix-fix-variants","sharp-regular:faLaptopCode",{"title":694,"text":695,"url":696,"navIcon":697},"Malicious OAuth integrations","Detect suspicious OAuth consent flows and stop persistent access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-oauth-integrations","solid:faPlugCircleXmark",{"title":699,"text":700,"url":701,"navIcon":702},"Malicious browser extensions","Shine a light on risky browser extensions.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-browser-extensions","sharp-regular:faPuzzlePiece",{"title":704,"text":705,"url":706,"navIcon":707},"Malicious file downloads","Gain visibility into browser downloads and block malicious files.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-file-downloads","solid:faFileCircleXmark",{"title":395,"text":709,"url":710,"navIcon":711},"Surface hidden login paths that bypass SSO and expose accounts.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/ghost-logins","solid:faGhost",{"title":713,"text":714,"url":715,"navIcon":716},"Mobile phishing (QR & SMS)","Detect phishing links delivered via SMS and QR codes.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/mobile-phishing-qr-code-sms","solid:faQrcode",{"title":333,"text":718,"url":719,"navIcon":720},"Identify reused and compromised credentials across SaaS logins.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/credential-stuffing","custom:credentialStuffing",{"title":571,"text":722,"url":723,"navIcon":724},"Detect and block stolen session tokens before attackers get access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/session-hijacking","solid:faCookieBite",{"title":726,"text":727,"url":728,"navIcon":729},"Zero-day phishing","Detect phishing TTPs directly in the browser and stop credential theft.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/zero-day-phishing","sharp-regular:faFishingRod",{"id":731,"label":732,"text":21,"navIcon":733,"items":734},"achieve-security-outcomes","Achieve security outcomes","solid:faCheckToSlot",[735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770],{"title":736,"text":737,"url":738,"navIcon":739},"Stop account takeover","Stop ATO with stolen credential and compromised token detection.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/stop-account-takeover","sharp-regular:faUserSecret",{"title":741,"text":742,"url":743,"navIcon":744},"Harden unmanaged identities","Harden access paths with visibility, detection, and guardrails.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/harden-unmanaged-identities","sharp-regular:faRadar",{"title":746,"text":747,"url":748,"navIcon":749},"Investigate browser-related incidents","Investigate and respond faster with unique browser telemetry.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-browser-related-incidents","sharp-regular:faSatelliteDish",{"title":751,"text":752,"url":753,"navIcon":754},"Secure shadow SaaS","See and control shadow SaaS in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-shadow-saas","sharp-regular:faShieldCheck",{"title":756,"text":757,"url":758,"navIcon":759},"Secure AI","See and control AI apps in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-ai","sharp-regular:faBrainCircuit",{"title":761,"text":762,"url":763,"navIcon":764},"Secure BYOD","Extend consistent browser-based protection to unmanaged devices.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-bring-your-own-device","solid:faMobileScreenButton",{"title":766,"text":767,"url":768,"navIcon":769},"Secure Chromebooks","Secure browser activity on Chromebooks without endpoint agents.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-chromebooks","brands:faChrome",{"title":771,"text":772,"url":773,"navIcon":774},"Investigate and stop data loss","Detect and prevent data loss across AI tools, apps, and sessions.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-and-stop-data-loss","custom:investigateAndStopDataLoss",{"id":776,"label":777,"text":21,"navIcon":778,"items":779},"tool-replacements","Tool replacements","solid:faScrewdriverWrench",[780,785,790,795],{"title":781,"text":782,"url":783,"navIcon":784},"Remote browser isolation","Detect attacks that look like normal browsing.","/solution/tool-replacements/remote-browser-isolation","solid:faDisplay",{"title":786,"text":787,"url":788,"navIcon":789},"Secure web gateways","Detect attacks inside the browser after SWGs allowed the connection.","/solution/tool-replacements/secure-web-gateways","solid:faFilter",{"title":791,"text":792,"url":793,"navIcon":794},"Cloud access security broker","Catch browser-based identity threats in real time, not after the fact.","/solution/tool-replacements/cloud-access-security-broker","solid:faCloudArrowUp",{"title":796,"text":797,"url":798,"navIcon":799},"Security awareness training","Block real phishing instead of training users on simulations.","/solution/tool-replacements/security-awareness-training","custom:securityAwareness",{"w":801,"h":802,"d":803},448,512,"M171-16c-36.4 0-57.8 58.3-68.3 112L72 96c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24s10.7 24 24 24l24 0 0 32c0 17 3.3 33.2 9.3 48l-9.3 0 0 0-20.5 0c-15.2 0-27.5 12.3-27.5 27.5 0 3 .5 5.9 1.4 8.7l28.9 86.6C40.2 379.6 16 428.1 16 482.3 16 498.7 29.3 512 45.7 512l356.6 0c16.4 0 29.7-13.3 29.7-29.7 0-54.2-24.2-102.7-62.3-135.4l28.9-86.6c.9-2.8 1.4-5.7 1.4-8.7 0-15.2-12.3-27.5-27.5-27.5l-20.5 0 0 0-9.3 0c6-14.8 9.3-31 9.3-48l0-32 24 0c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24l-30.7 0c-10.4-53.7-31.9-112-68.3-112-9.6 0-19 3.9-27.5 8.2-8.2 4.1-18.4 7.8-25.5 7.8s-17.3-3.7-25.5-7.8C190-12.1 180.6-16 171-16zm93.7 484.4l-24.8-70.9 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24 24 24s24-10.7 24-24l0-102.1 31 31c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0s9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-72-72z",[843,5085,8442,11491,14652,17923,23354,28443,31731,34449,37404,40320,43449,47853,51852,57212,63005,68473,71484,74678,77428,79463],{"id":844,"title":845,"authorsCollection":846,"content":854,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":1779,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":1781,"metaTitle":1782,"ogImage":59,"postType":1783,"publishedDate":1784,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":1785,"slug":5033,"stem":5034,"subtitle":59,"summary":5035,"synopsis":5046,"sys":5047,"tagsCollection":5050,"topicsCollection":5056,"__hash__":5084},"blog/blog/crossing-the-ai-security-chasm-sans-security-maturity-model.json","Crossing the AI security chasm with the SANS AI security maturity model",{"items":847},[848],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":852},"Mark Orlando","Mark","Field CTO",{"url":853},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/592PMwIQQFaa24k5SKBEKF/a33090d0ad95d1e3081f5d16a46ba826/image__68_.png",{"json":855,"links":1740},{"data":856,"content":857,"nodeType":1739},{},[858,867,899,917,926,933,950,954,964,983,1050,1057,1063,1070,1153,1160,1167,1183,1186,1194,1201,1208,1216,1223,1235,1241,1248,1255,1262,1265,1273,1289,1305,1312,1319,1326,1347,1433,1440,1447,1450,1459,1475,1482,1489,1497,1500,1508,1526,1533,1540,1573,1580,1587,1590,1598,1605,1617,1623,1635,1647,1653,1665,1687,1694,1697,1705,1712,1719],{"data":859,"content":860,"nodeType":866},{},[861],{"data":862,"marks":863,"value":864,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most security leaders I talk to know they have an AI problem. They've seen the board questions, read the reports, maybe even drafted a policy. But when they start measuring where they stand — not plans or roadmaps, but actual current state — the gap between awareness and operational capability comes into focus.","text","paragraph",{"data":868,"content":869,"nodeType":866},{},[870,874,883,887,895],{"data":871,"marks":872,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The ",{"data":875,"content":877,"nodeType":882},{"uri":876},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review",[878],{"data":879,"marks":880,"value":881,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2026 Verizon DBIR","hyperlink",{"data":884,"marks":885,"value":886,"nodeType":865},{},[]," quantifies the scale: 45% of employees are now regular AI users on corporate devices (up from 15% the prior year), with 67% using personal accounts. ",{"data":888,"content":890,"nodeType":882},{"uri":889},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai",[891],{"data":892,"marks":893,"value":894,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push data",{"data":896,"marks":897,"value":898,"nodeType":865},{},[]," further shows that 38% of file uploads to AI tools come from those shadow accounts rather than approved organizational ones — and the DBIR shows what's going into them: of 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI applications, the most common data types were source code (28%), structured data (14%), and documents and PDFs (23% combined).",{"data":900,"content":901,"nodeType":866},{},[902,906,913],{"data":903,"marks":904,"value":905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The average organization now has ",{"data":907,"content":908,"nodeType":882},{"uri":889},[909],{"data":910,"marks":911,"value":912,"nodeType":865},{},[],"16 unique AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions, and 17 AI OAuth integrations",{"data":914,"marks":915,"value":916,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in active use, most unapproved. Shadow AI was the third most common non-malicious insider action in the DBIR, up 4x year over year.",{"data":918,"content":924,"nodeType":925},{"target":919},{"sys":920},{"id":921,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2hsKQ9DEspflhmtR0bE7QY","Link","Entry",[],"embedded-entry-block",{"data":927,"content":928,"nodeType":866},{},[929],{"data":930,"marks":931,"value":932,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These statistics expose an attack surface and unmanaged risks at a high level. But the real problem is that most organizations can't produce a basic inventory of which AI tools are in use, let alone demonstrate controls around any of them. ",{"data":934,"content":935,"nodeType":866},{},[936,940,946],{"data":937,"marks":938,"value":939,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That gap between awareness and capability is where most organizations are stuck. And understanding ",{"data":941,"marks":942,"value":945,"nodeType":865},{},[943],{"type":944},"italic","why",{"data":947,"marks":948,"value":949,"nodeType":865},{},[]," they're stuck requires a framework for what progress actually looks like.",{"data":951,"content":952,"nodeType":953},{},[],"hr",{"data":955,"content":956,"nodeType":963},{},[957],{"data":958,"marks":959,"value":962,"nodeType":865},{},[960],{"type":961},"bold","A model for measuring what most organizations already feel","heading-1",{"data":965,"content":966,"nodeType":866},{},[967,971,979],{"data":968,"marks":969,"value":970,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Chris Cochran's ",{"data":972,"content":974,"nodeType":882},{"uri":973},"https://sansorg.egnyte.com/dl/XtgqfjkjBjp8",[975],{"data":976,"marks":977,"value":978,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SANS AI Security Maturity Model",{"data":980,"marks":981,"value":982,"nodeType":865},{},[],", published earlier this year, provides a framework for addressing this gap. It defines five stages of AI security maturity across three pillars:",{"data":984,"content":985,"nodeType":1049},{},[986,1004,1020],{"data":987,"content":988,"nodeType":1003},{},[989],{"data":990,"content":991,"nodeType":866},{},[992,999],{"data":993,"marks":994,"value":998,"nodeType":865},{},[995,996],{"type":961},{"type":997},"underline","Protect AI:",{"data":1000,"marks":1001,"value":1002,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Defending against AI-enabled threats like adversarial attacks, prompt injection, compromised browser extensions, and AI agents operating with unchecked permissions.","list-item",{"data":1005,"content":1006,"nodeType":1003},{},[1007],{"data":1008,"content":1009,"nodeType":866},{},[1010,1016],{"data":1011,"marks":1012,"value":1015,"nodeType":865},{},[1013,1014],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Utilize AI:",{"data":1017,"marks":1018,"value":1019,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Using AI to strengthen security operations by using AI-powered detection and triage, behavioral analytics, and automated response playbooks.",{"data":1021,"content":1022,"nodeType":1003},{},[1023],{"data":1024,"content":1025,"nodeType":866},{},[1026,1032,1036,1045],{"data":1027,"marks":1028,"value":1031,"nodeType":865},{},[1029,1030],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Govern AI:",{"data":1033,"marks":1034,"value":1035,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Managing how the organization adopts and uses AI tools. Things like acceptable use policies, shadow AI discovery, data classification, access controls, and risk assessment. This is the pillar that gets the most attention in boardroom conversations today, driven in part by ",{"data":1037,"content":1039,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1038},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-visibility-and-control-can-achieve-ai-compliance",[1040],{"data":1041,"marks":1042,"value":1044,"nodeType":865},{},[1043],{"type":997},"regulatory pressure",{"data":1046,"marks":1047,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],".","unordered-list",{"data":1051,"content":1052,"nodeType":866},{},[1053],{"data":1054,"marks":1055,"value":1056,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How an organization invests across these three pillars, and whether it invests across all of them, determines whether it advances toward maturity in this area or stalls out at the early steps.",{"data":1058,"content":1062,"nodeType":925},{"target":1059},{"sys":1060},{"id":1061,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1JV3KG97JQNFKwODnMCMq2",[],{"data":1064,"content":1065,"nodeType":866},{},[1066],{"data":1067,"marks":1068,"value":1069,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The SANS AI maturity model outlines 5 stages that organizations must progress through in order to reach an optimal security posture:",{"data":1071,"content":1072,"nodeType":1049},{},[1073,1089,1105,1121,1137],{"data":1074,"content":1075,"nodeType":1003},{},[1076],{"data":1077,"content":1078,"nodeType":866},{},[1079,1085],{"data":1080,"marks":1081,"value":1084,"nodeType":865},{},[1082,1083],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Stage 1 (Unaware / Ad Hoc)",{"data":1086,"marks":1087,"value":1088,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is where employees are freely using AI tools with no oversight, no inventory exists, and leadership may not even know how much AI is in use. There's no policy to violate, so technically it's not even shadow AI yet; it's just unmanaged adoption.",{"data":1090,"content":1091,"nodeType":1003},{},[1092],{"data":1093,"content":1094,"nodeType":866},{},[1095,1101],{"data":1096,"marks":1097,"value":1100,"nodeType":865},{},[1098,1099],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Stage 2 (Reactive / Policy-Emerging)",{"data":1102,"marks":1103,"value":1104,"nodeType":865},{},[]," means a policy exists, but it's course-grained: \"Don't use AI\" or \"use with caution.\" Known AI tools may be blocked at the network level. Security teams are learning about AI-specific threats but don't have dedicated expertise or tooling.",{"data":1106,"content":1107,"nodeType":1003},{},[1108],{"data":1109,"content":1110,"nodeType":866},{},[1111,1117],{"data":1112,"marks":1113,"value":1116,"nodeType":865},{},[1114,1115],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Stage 3 (Defined / Risk-Informed)",{"data":1118,"marks":1119,"value":1120,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is where things get intentional. AI usage is governed through enterprise tools rather than outright bans. AI systems are included in security assessments. The organization can demonstrate mature governance to regulators and partners. For many organizations, this is a strong and defensible operating position.",{"data":1122,"content":1123,"nodeType":1003},{},[1124],{"data":1125,"content":1126,"nodeType":866},{},[1127,1133],{"data":1128,"marks":1129,"value":1132,"nodeType":865},{},[1130,1131],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Stage 4 (Managed / Integrated)",{"data":1134,"marks":1135,"value":1136,"nodeType":865},{},[]," means AI is deeply embedded in security operations with measurable outcomes. AI systems are secured by design. Risk is quantified, not estimated. Decisions are data-driven. This is where organizations can handle AI-specific threats and operate at the tempo that AI-augmented adversaries demand.",{"data":1138,"content":1139,"nodeType":1003},{},[1140],{"data":1141,"content":1142,"nodeType":866},{},[1143,1149],{"data":1144,"marks":1145,"value":1148,"nodeType":865},{},[1146,1147],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Stage 5 (Optimizing / Adaptive)",{"data":1150,"marks":1151,"value":1152,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is the frontier of AI-native security with self-improving defenses. Elements of this stage exist primarily in large technology companies, defense contractors, and AI-native firms. For most organizations, this is a multi-year journey.",{"data":1154,"content":1155,"nodeType":866},{},[1156],{"data":1157,"marks":1158,"value":1159,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most of the security leaders I talk to land between Stage 1 and Stage 2. They have awareness, maybe a policy, but not the tooling or telemetry to demonstrate much beyond that. ",{"data":1161,"content":1162,"nodeType":866},{},[1163],{"data":1164,"marks":1165,"value":1166,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The model is pragmatic about these challenges. It doesn't expect every organization to reach Stage 5, and it adjusts maturity targets by sector. ",{"data":1168,"content":1169,"nodeType":866},{},[1170,1174,1179],{"data":1171,"marks":1172,"value":1173,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But it ",{"data":1175,"marks":1176,"value":1178,"nodeType":865},{},[1177],{"type":944},"does",{"data":1180,"marks":1181,"value":1182,"nodeType":865},{},[]," require evidence of progress, not just intent. And for the majority sitting at Stage 2, the hard part is identifying the right steps to move from being merely reactive to a posture of operational readiness. That’s the chasm to cross.",{"data":1184,"content":1185,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":1187,"content":1188,"nodeType":963},{},[1189],{"data":1190,"marks":1191,"value":1193,"nodeType":865},{},[1192],{"type":961},"The chasm",{"data":1195,"content":1196,"nodeType":866},{},[1197],{"data":1198,"marks":1199,"value":1200,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For the organizations sitting at Stage 2, current state often looks like this: They've written an AI acceptable use policy, and maybe they've blocked known AI apps at the network level. They've trained employees on what's allowed and what isn't. ",{"data":1202,"content":1203,"nodeType":866},{},[1204],{"data":1205,"marks":1206,"value":1207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To be sure, blocking is the fastest lever a security team can pull, and it represents visible progress to the business. The problem is that it rarely stays effective. ",{"data":1209,"content":1210,"nodeType":866},{},[1211],{"data":1212,"marks":1213,"value":1215,"nodeType":865},{},[1214],{"type":961},"SANS calls the pattern that traps most organizations at Stage 2 the \"Framework of No.\" ",{"data":1217,"content":1218,"nodeType":866},{},[1219],{"data":1220,"marks":1221,"value":1222,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\"A block-based AI policy may feel like risk management, but practitioner experience shows it typically drives AI usage underground rather than preventing it,” the report notes. “This is the pattern SANS has documented as the 'Framework of No,' and it is why the Stage 2 to Stage 3 transition is so critical.\"",{"data":1224,"content":1225,"nodeType":866},{},[1226,1231],{"data":1227,"marks":1228,"value":1230,"nodeType":865},{},[1229],{"type":944},"This",{"data":1232,"marks":1233,"value":1234,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is the chasm. On one side: awareness and policy. On the other: operational capability - the tooling, telemetry, and controls that let a security team see what's happening and respond to it. Most organizations are standing on the awareness side, looking across, not sure how to get over.",{"data":1236,"content":1240,"nodeType":925},{"target":1237},{"sys":1238},{"id":1239,"type":922,"linkType":923},"187mKPZV8tVbsw17L2cWIU",[],{"data":1242,"content":1243,"nodeType":866},{},[1244],{"data":1245,"marks":1246,"value":1247,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The model is specific about what crossing requires. The steps from Stage 2 to Stage 3 include technical BYOAI discovery (not a survey, but automated discovery), AI-specific data classification, AI-aware controls, and a cross-functional governance body. Data classification is a critical prerequisite: \"You cannot write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives,\" the report emphasizes.",{"data":1249,"content":1250,"nodeType":866},{},[1251],{"data":1252,"marks":1253,"value":1254,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are visibility and measurement problems before they're policy problems. You can't govern what you can't see. You can't classify risk you can't measure. And a blocklist that pushes usage underground doesn't give you either: it just makes the gap between your policy and your reality harder to detect.",{"data":1256,"content":1257,"nodeType":866},{},[1258],{"data":1259,"marks":1260,"value":1261,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Getting this visibility right is necessary for crossing the chasm. But it’s not the only step organizations must undertake if they want to address their AI risk.",{"data":1263,"content":1264,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":1266,"content":1267,"nodeType":963},{},[1268],{"data":1269,"marks":1270,"value":1272,"nodeType":865},{},[1271],{"type":961},"Governance is key, but don't forget about protection",{"data":1274,"content":1275,"nodeType":866},{},[1276,1280,1285],{"data":1277,"marks":1278,"value":1279,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most AI security conversations today - the vendor pitches, board decks, and compliance checklists - are about the ",{"data":1281,"marks":1282,"value":1284,"nodeType":865},{},[1283],{"type":961},"Govern",{"data":1286,"marks":1287,"value":1288,"nodeType":865},{},[]," pillar. Shadow AI discovery. Usage policies. Data classification. Controls around what employees paste into AI prompts or upload to AI tools. It's important work.",{"data":1290,"content":1291,"nodeType":866},{},[1292,1296,1301],{"data":1293,"marks":1294,"value":1295,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the SANS model gives roughly equal weight to a second pillar that gets almost no attention: ",{"data":1297,"marks":1298,"value":1300,"nodeType":865},{},[1299],{"type":961},"Protect",{"data":1302,"marks":1303,"value":1304,"nodeType":865},{},[]," - defending against AI-enabled attacks.",{"data":1306,"content":1307,"nodeType":866},{},[1308],{"data":1309,"marks":1310,"value":1311,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Protect pillar starts from a stark baseline. At Stage 1, most organizations have no visibility into which AI agents or browser extensions have access to their corporate environment, let alone a framework for understanding how those could be attacked. ",{"data":1313,"content":1314,"nodeType":866},{},[1315],{"data":1316,"marks":1317,"value":1318,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By Stage 3, the model expects runtime validation of AI tools and plugins, detection capabilities mapped to AI-specific attack frameworks, and controls that cover the growing surface area of agentic AI. ",{"data":1320,"content":1321,"nodeType":866},{},[1322],{"data":1323,"marks":1324,"value":1325,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By Stage 4, organizations need real-time monitoring of AI agent behavior and defenses against attacks that exploit trust relationships between AI systems — capabilities most security teams haven't started scoping, much less building or procuring.",{"data":1327,"content":1328,"nodeType":866},{},[1329,1333,1343],{"data":1330,"marks":1331,"value":1332,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are detection and response capabilities, not governance exercises — and the attacks they address are already well underway. ",{"data":1334,"content":1336,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1335},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help/",[1337],{"data":1338,"marks":1339,"value":1342,"nodeType":865},{},[1340,1341],{"type":997},{"type":961},"One in three phishing payloads",{"data":1344,"marks":1345,"value":1346,"nodeType":865},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive outside of email, through channels where most security controls don't exist. Evidence of the growth of browser-based attack methods enabled by AI tooling abounds:",{"data":1348,"content":1349,"nodeType":1049},{},[1350,1372,1394],{"data":1351,"content":1352,"nodeType":1003},{},[1353],{"data":1354,"content":1355,"nodeType":866},{},[1356,1360,1368],{"data":1357,"marks":1358,"value":1359,"nodeType":865},{},[],"CrowdStrike's 2026 Global Threat Report documented a ",{"data":1361,"content":1363,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1362},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report",[1364],{"data":1365,"marks":1366,"value":1367,"nodeType":865},{},[],"563% increase in ClickFix lures",{"data":1369,"marks":1370,"value":1371,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — fake CAPTCHA pages that trick users into executing malicious commands on their own machines.",{"data":1373,"content":1374,"nodeType":1003},{},[1375],{"data":1376,"content":1377,"nodeType":866},{},[1378,1382,1390],{"data":1379,"marks":1380,"value":1381,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push has tracked a ",{"data":1383,"content":1385,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/device-code-phishing/",[1386],{"data":1387,"marks":1388,"value":1389,"nodeType":865},{},[],"37x increase in device code phishing",{"data":1391,"marks":1392,"value":1393,"nodeType":865},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with 18+ distinct kits now offering the technique.",{"data":1395,"content":1396,"nodeType":1003},{},[1397],{"data":1398,"content":1399,"nodeType":866},{},[1400,1403,1412,1416,1421,1425,1430],{"data":1401,"marks":1402,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":1404,"content":1406,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1405},"https://www.anthropic.com/news/AI-enabled-cyber-threats-mitre-attack",[1407],{"data":1408,"marks":1409,"value":1411,"nodeType":865},{},[1410],{"type":997},"Anthropic",{"data":1413,"marks":1414,"value":1415,"nodeType":865},{},[]," identified ",{"data":1417,"marks":1418,"value":1420,"nodeType":865},{},[1419],{"type":961},"793 threat actors using AI",{"data":1422,"marks":1423,"value":1424,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for malicious cybersecurity purposes between March 2025 and February 2026, with the 2026 Verizon DBIR finding that ",{"data":1426,"marks":1427,"value":1429,"nodeType":865},{},[1428],{"type":961},"44% of AI-assisted initial access was phishing-related",{"data":1431,"marks":1432,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":1434,"content":1435,"nodeType":866},{},[1436],{"data":1437,"marks":1438,"value":1439,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are already vibecoding phishing kits, rotating infrastructure daily, and exploiting identity flows that traditional endpoint and network tools can't see.",{"data":1441,"content":1442,"nodeType":866},{},[1443],{"data":1444,"marks":1445,"value":1446,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The SANS model makes the speed argument a central focus at Stage 4: Detection built for human-pace adversaries is increasingly insufficient when threats operate at machine speed. For organizations investing exclusively in AI governance, AI-enabled threats represent an entire category of risk that is not being addressed.",{"data":1448,"content":1449,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":1451,"content":1452,"nodeType":1458},{},[1453],{"data":1454,"marks":1455,"value":1457,"nodeType":865},{},[1456],{"type":961},"Why governance alone can't close the gap","heading-2",{"data":1460,"content":1461,"nodeType":866},{},[1462,1466,1471],{"data":1463,"marks":1464,"value":1465,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An organization can have an AI policy, shadow AI discovery, data classification, and usage controls, and ",{"data":1467,"marks":1468,"value":1470,"nodeType":865},{},[1469],{"type":944},"still",{"data":1472,"marks":1473,"value":1474,"nodeType":865},{},[]," be exposed. When an employee hits a device code phishing page or a ClickFix lure, the governance program documented the risk perfectly. It just couldn't stop the attack. The policy existed but the detection (and ideally, mitigation) didn't.",{"data":1476,"content":1477,"nodeType":866},{},[1478],{"data":1479,"marks":1480,"value":1481,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The reverse is equally true, and it's why the SANS model treats the pillars as interdependent rather than sequential. Detection capabilities that fire into a void with no policy to act on findings, no classification to assess exposure, and no governance body to shape proactive policy just create alerts, not security. ",{"data":1483,"content":1484,"nodeType":866},{},[1485],{"data":1486,"marks":1487,"value":1488,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Yet most organizations are only investing heavily in one side of the solution, which is almost always Govern. The maturity model is explicit about the risks of this approach: Governance with no attack detection leaves a critical gap. ",{"data":1490,"content":1491,"nodeType":866},{},[1492],{"data":1493,"marks":1494,"value":1496,"nodeType":865},{},[1495],{"type":961},"Closing the gap requires a control point where both problems are visible and addressable.",{"data":1498,"content":1499,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":1501,"content":1502,"nodeType":963},{},[1503],{"data":1504,"marks":1505,"value":1507,"nodeType":865},{},[1506],{"type":961},"Crossing the chasm requires addressing both pillars at once",{"data":1509,"content":1510,"nodeType":866},{},[1511,1515,1522],{"data":1512,"marks":1513,"value":1514,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The bottleneck for most security programs ",{"data":1516,"content":1517,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1335},[1518],{"data":1519,"marks":1520,"value":1521,"nodeType":865},{},[],"isn't frameworks or strategy — it's data quality",{"data":1523,"marks":1524,"value":1525,"nodeType":865},{},[],". For teams taking on the dual problems of shadow AI and AI-enabled attacks, browser telemetry is the foundation to any meaningful solution. That’s because both problems converge in the same place.",{"data":1527,"content":1528,"nodeType":866},{},[1529],{"data":1530,"marks":1531,"value":1532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI-enabled phishing attacks, credential theft, malicious browser extensions, and OAuth exploitation happen in the browser. So do shadow AI adoption, sensitive data pasted into AI prompts, file uploads to unapproved tools, and unauthorized integrations. The browser is where external attacks and internal misuse are both visible and stoppable.",{"data":1534,"content":1535,"nodeType":866},{},[1536],{"data":1537,"marks":1538,"value":1539,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For the security team trying to advance past the Framework of No, browser telemetry replaces the blunt instrument of network-level blocking with actual visibility:",{"data":1541,"content":1542,"nodeType":1049},{},[1543,1553,1563],{"data":1544,"content":1545,"nodeType":1003},{},[1546],{"data":1547,"content":1548,"nodeType":866},{},[1549],{"data":1550,"marks":1551,"value":1552,"nodeType":865},{},[],"which AI apps are in use (including personal account usage)",{"data":1554,"content":1555,"nodeType":1003},{},[1556],{"data":1557,"content":1558,"nodeType":866},{},[1559],{"data":1560,"marks":1561,"value":1562,"nodeType":865},{},[],"what data is moving into them (file uploads, clipboard activity)",{"data":1564,"content":1565,"nodeType":1003},{},[1566],{"data":1567,"content":1568,"nodeType":866},{},[1569],{"data":1570,"marks":1571,"value":1572,"nodeType":865},{},[],"graduated controls - per-app, per-user group, per-content pattern - that can monitor, warn, or block based on context rather than allow/deny",{"data":1574,"content":1575,"nodeType":866},{},[1576],{"data":1577,"marks":1578,"value":1579,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The same browser-layer instrumentation can also provide real-time detection of credential phishing, ClickFix, adversary-in-the-middle attacks, and device code phishing. And it can detect and disable malicious browser extensions based on confirmed threat intelligence, monitor OAuth integrations, and generate the identity attack surface data (login behaviors, MFA gaps, SSO coverage) that the Protect pillar requires at Stage 3 maturity and beyond.",{"data":1581,"content":1582,"nodeType":866},{},[1583],{"data":1584,"marks":1585,"value":1586,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We built Push around this insight: that the browser is where both problems converge, and a single deployment can advance AI security maturity in both areas simultaneously. The SANS model makes the same argument.",{"data":1588,"content":1589,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":1591,"content":1592,"nodeType":963},{},[1593],{"data":1594,"marks":1595,"value":1597,"nodeType":865},{},[1596],{"type":961},"Where to start: 5 steps to maturity with Push",{"data":1599,"content":1600,"nodeType":866},{},[1601],{"data":1602,"marks":1603,"value":1604,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The chasm closes when organizations make meaningful strides forward in both AI governance and proactive defense against AI-enabled attacks. Here's the starting plan that I'd recommend, and Push can provide the tooling to automate these steps:",{"data":1606,"content":1607,"nodeType":866},{},[1608,1613],{"data":1609,"marks":1610,"value":1612,"nodeType":865},{},[1611],{"type":961},"1. Build an AI inventory automatically.",{"data":1614,"marks":1615,"value":1616,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Every stage transition in the SANS model starts with knowing what's in your environment. A manual survey won't cut it; employees won't self-report the tools they're not sure they're allowed to use, and may overlook apps where AI is a feature but not the core function (AI-enabled apps). Instead, organizations should deploy automated discovery for AI apps, browser extensions, and OAuth integrations across the workforce - including the ones using personal accounts. Until this inventory exists, every policy decision is based on incomplete information.",{"data":1618,"content":1622,"nodeType":925},{"target":1619},{"sys":1620},{"id":1621,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2t3u0NydllImv6NzvAY058",[],{"data":1624,"content":1625,"nodeType":866},{},[1626,1631],{"data":1627,"marks":1628,"value":1630,"nodeType":865},{},[1629],{"type":961},"2. Classify what you find.",{"data":1632,"marks":1633,"value":1634,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Not all AI usage carries the same risk. A developer pasting code into ChatGPT and a salesperson using an AI notetaker are different problems. Once you can see the tools, categorize them by data sensitivity, authorization status, and access scope. The SANS model calls out data classification as a critical prerequisite; you can't write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives.",{"data":1636,"content":1637,"nodeType":866},{},[1638,1643],{"data":1639,"marks":1640,"value":1642,"nodeType":865},{},[1641],{"type":961},"3. Turn on browser-layer detection.",{"data":1644,"marks":1645,"value":1646,"nodeType":865},{},[]," This is the step most organizations skip, and it's why addressing only the Protect pillar will keep you at Stage 1. AI-enabled phishing, ClickFix attacks, device code phishing, malicious extension updates, and OAuth exploitation all execute in the browser. Without detection in that layer, there's no visibility into the fastest-growing attack category, and no path to advancing beyond basic AI usage awareness.",{"data":1648,"content":1652,"nodeType":925},{"target":1649},{"sys":1650},{"id":1651,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1fzuGjA6VSbVl1p7vM1mt7",[],{"data":1654,"content":1655,"nodeType":866},{},[1656,1661],{"data":1657,"marks":1658,"value":1660,"nodeType":865},{},[1659],{"type":961},"4. Move from blocking to graduated controls.",{"data":1662,"marks":1663,"value":1664,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The Framework of No fails because it's binary: allow or deny, with nothing in between. Organizations that cross the chasm adopt monitor, warn, and block modes — per app, per user group, per content pattern. Monitor first to see what's happening, warn to change behavior without disrupting workflows, and block only where the risk justifies it. This is the operational difference between Stage 2 and Stage 3.",{"data":1666,"content":1667,"nodeType":866},{},[1668,1673,1677,1683],{"data":1669,"marks":1670,"value":1672,"nodeType":865},{},[1671],{"type":961},"5. Assess yourself honestly against evidence, not aspiration.",{"data":1674,"marks":1675,"value":1676,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The ",{"data":1678,"content":1679,"nodeType":882},{"uri":973},[1680],{"data":1681,"marks":1682,"value":978,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":1684,"marks":1685,"value":1686,"nodeType":865},{},[]," includes a self-assessment and industry-specific weighting profiles. The value isn't in the score, but in identifying which pillar is keeping you from advancing.",{"data":1688,"content":1689,"nodeType":866},{},[1690],{"data":1691,"marks":1692,"value":1693,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The organizations that cross the AI security chasm will be the ones that recognize early that AI security isn't one problem with one solution. It's two problems that happen to share a control point. The most efficient path forward is a platform that addresses both.",{"data":1695,"content":1696,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":1698,"content":1699,"nodeType":963},{},[1700],{"data":1701,"marks":1702,"value":1704,"nodeType":865},{},[1703],{"type":961},"Learn more about Push",{"data":1706,"content":1707,"nodeType":866},{},[1708],{"data":1709,"marks":1710,"value":1711,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. 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Several regulations are already in force, presenting not just a legal but also significant operational challenge to organizations covered by these regulations. 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stricter controls for special category data; new complaints-handling duty with 30-day response clock (from June 2026)",{"data":2387,"content":2388,"nodeType":1835},{},[2389],{"data":2390,"content":2391,"nodeType":866},{},[2392],{"data":2393,"marks":2394,"value":2395,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Main provisions Feb 2026; complaints duty June 2026","table",{"data":2398,"content":2402,"nodeType":925},{"target":2399},{"sys":2400},{"id":2401,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1J7nJKJ5XDLLiicX9cD4H1",[],{"data":2404,"content":2405,"nodeType":866},{},[2406],{"data":2407,"marks":2408,"value":2409,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even if your organization isn't yet subject to these specific regulations, the direction of travel matters. The EU has a track record of setting global regulatory standards: GDPR reshaped data privacy practices worldwide, and the Digital Markets Act is influencing antitrust enforcement well beyond European borders.",{"data":2411,"content":2412,"nodeType":866},{},[2413],{"data":2414,"marks":2415,"value":2416,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The EU AI Act is the world's first comprehensive AI law, and the pattern of obligation categories it establishes is already visible in NYDFS guidance, US state privacy legislation, and the UK's reformed automated decision-making framework. Organizations that build the operational foundations to meet these obligations now will be ahead of whatever comes next, regardless of jurisdiction.",{"data":2418,"content":2419,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":2421,"content":2422,"nodeType":963},{},[2423],{"data":2424,"marks":2425,"value":2427,"nodeType":865},{},[2426],{"type":961},"Five obligation categories appear across frameworks",{"data":2429,"content":2430,"nodeType":866},{},[2431],{"data":2432,"marks":2433,"value":2434,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Across these frameworks, the AI-specific obligations cluster into five categories. Individual regulations word them differently and scope them to different sectors, but the compliance actions they require are largely the same.",{"data":2436,"content":2437,"nodeType":1458},{},[2438],{"data":2439,"marks":2440,"value":2442,"nodeType":865},{},[2441],{"type":961},"1. AI inventory and classification",{"data":2444,"content":2445,"nodeType":866},{},[2446],{"data":2447,"marks":2448,"value":2449,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can't classify AI systems by risk level if you don't know which ones your employees are using. Multiple regulations now require organizations to maintain a complete inventory of AI tools in their environment — whether as part of risk classification, asset management, or third-party risk registers.",{"data":2451,"content":2455,"nodeType":925},{"target":2452},{"sys":2453},{"id":2454,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6MEapKaazFTulp7Ql0m7H1",[],{"data":2457,"content":2460,"nodeType":925},{"target":2458},{"sys":2459},{"id":921,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":2462,"content":2463,"nodeType":1458},{},[2464],{"data":2465,"marks":2466,"value":2468,"nodeType":865},{},[2467],{"type":961},"2. AI literacy and employee guidance",{"data":2470,"content":2471,"nodeType":866},{},[2472,2476,2481],{"data":2473,"marks":2474,"value":2475,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Regulators increasingly expect organizations to demonstrate that employees understand the AI tools they use — not through annual training alone, but through continuous, contextual guidance at the point of interaction. Several frameworks now require auditable evidence that staff have been educated about AI risks and acceptable use policies. The common thread is the need for ",{"data":2477,"marks":2478,"value":2480,"nodeType":865},{},[2479],{"type":961},"ongoing",{"data":2482,"marks":2483,"value":2484,"nodeType":865},{},[]," education, not as a one-off compliance exercise, but continuously at the point of interaction.",{"data":2486,"content":2487,"nodeType":1458},{},[2488],{"data":2489,"marks":2490,"value":2492,"nodeType":865},{},[2491],{"type":961},"3. AI data governance and exposure control",{"data":2494,"content":2495,"nodeType":866},{},[2496],{"data":2497,"marks":2498,"value":2499,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Regulations are converging on the requirement for controls over what data enters AI tools. This includes sensitive personal data, health data, and data subject to automated decision-making. Organizations need to know where personal data is being processed by AI and have mechanisms to prevent unauthorized exposure.",{"data":2501,"content":2502,"nodeType":1458},{},[2503],{"data":2504,"marks":2505,"value":2507,"nodeType":865},{},[2506],{"type":961},"4. AI-resistant authentication and phishing defense",{"data":2509,"content":2510,"nodeType":866},{},[2511],{"data":2512,"marks":2513,"value":2514,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is making phishing attacks more convincing and harder to detect through traditional means. Several frameworks now require authentication methods that can withstand AI-enhanced attacks, specifically naming phishing-resistant options like digital certificates and security keys over SMS or voice-based authentication. Beyond authentication, organizations need defenses against AI-powered phishing that bypasses the lure-quality signals users were trained to spot.",{"data":2516,"content":2520,"nodeType":925},{"target":2517},{"sys":2518},{"id":2519,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6v3l0lGH6twfYi2JaM5fKt",[],{"data":2522,"content":2523,"nodeType":1458},{},[2524],{"data":2525,"marks":2526,"value":2528,"nodeType":865},{},[2527],{"type":961},"5. Third-party AI risk and supply chain governance",{"data":2530,"content":2531,"nodeType":866},{},[2532],{"data":2533,"marks":2534,"value":2535,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employees adopt AI tools faster than procurement can track them, and each one that connects to corporate systems via OAuth creates a persistent trust relationship. Regulators now require organizations to know which third-party AI services they depend on, what permissions those services hold, and whether they introduce concentration risk. ",{"data":2537,"content":2541,"nodeType":925},{"target":2538},{"sys":2539},{"id":2540,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7xx2yYRJXBY55qTqBTTZcp",[],{"data":2543,"content":2544,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":2546,"content":2547,"nodeType":963},{},[2548],{"data":2549,"marks":2550,"value":2552,"nodeType":865},{},[2551],{"type":961},"How the regulations will be enforced",{"data":2554,"content":2555,"nodeType":866},{},[2556,2560,2568],{"data":2557,"marks":2558,"value":2559,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The consequences extend well beyond fines. EU AI Act penalties reach ",{"data":2561,"content":2563,"nodeType":882},{"uri":2562},"https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/99/",[2564],{"data":2565,"marks":2566,"value":2567,"nodeType":865},{},[],"€35 million or 7% of global turnover",{"data":2569,"marks":2570,"value":2571,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for prohibited practices, but the operational impact may bite harder: non-compliant AI systems cannot be placed on the EU market, and providers bear direct responsibility for conformity under Articles 16 and 26 — meaning the CISO who signed off on an AI deployment that turns out to be non-compliant has personal exposure, not just a budget line item.",{"data":2573,"content":2574,"nodeType":866},{},[2575,2579,2588],{"data":2576,"marks":2577,"value":2578,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Italy's implementation law (",{"data":2580,"content":2582,"nodeType":882},{"uri":2581},"https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/9bfedfea/italy-enacts-law-no-132-2025-on-artificial-intelligence-sector-rules-and-next-steps",[2583],{"data":2584,"marks":2585,"value":2587,"nodeType":865},{},[2586],{"type":997},"Law No. 132/2025",{"data":2589,"marks":2590,"value":2591,"nodeType":865},{},[],") goes further, introducing criminal penalties including imprisonment for AI-related offenses like deepfake dissemination.",{"data":2593,"content":2594,"nodeType":866},{},[2595,2599,2607],{"data":2596,"marks":2597,"value":2598,"nodeType":865},{},[],"NYDFS penalties accumulate at $2,500 per day per violation, and the regulator has been aggressive: it levied ",{"data":2600,"content":2602,"nodeType":882},{"uri":2601},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-expansion-of-nydfs-nycrr-part-500-means-for-mfa-compliance/",[2603],{"data":2604,"marks":2605,"value":2606,"nodeType":865},{},[],"$14 million in fines",{"data":2608,"marks":2609,"value":2610,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from companies with inadequate MFA. CISOs sign annual compliance certifications under §500.17 where false certification carries personal liability.",{"data":2612,"content":2613,"nodeType":866},{},[2614],{"data":2615,"marks":2616,"value":2617,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The UK's Data (Use and Access) Act preserves ICO enforcement powers with fines up to £17.5 million or 4% of global turnover, and introduces a new statutory right for individuals to complain directly to controllers about automated decisions, with a 30-day response clock.",{"data":2619,"content":2620,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":2622,"content":2623,"nodeType":963},{},[2624],{"data":2625,"marks":2626,"value":2628,"nodeType":865},{},[2627],{"type":961},"Where Push maps to these obligations",{"data":2630,"content":2631,"nodeType":866},{},[2632],{"data":2633,"marks":2634,"value":2635,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The five obligation categories above map to specific Push capabilities, some directly, others as supporting evidence. Push's relevance to AI regulation isn't a new product direction. The same capabilities that security teams already use for shadow SaaS discovery, phishing defense, and identity posture hardening are what compliance teams need to demonstrate AI governance.",{"data":2637,"content":2638,"nodeType":1458},{},[2639,2644],{"data":2640,"marks":2641,"value":2643,"nodeType":865},{},[2642],{"type":961},"AI inventory and shadow AI discovery.",{"data":2645,"marks":2646,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":2648,"content":2649,"nodeType":866},{},[2650],{"data":2651,"marks":2652,"value":2653,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push identifies every AI app, AI browser extension, and AI OAuth integration in use across the organization, not from network traffic patterns or procurement records, but from actual observed usage in the browser.",{"data":2655,"content":2656,"nodeType":1458},{},[2657,2662],{"data":2658,"marks":2659,"value":2661,"nodeType":865},{},[2660],{"type":961},"AI usage policy enforcement and literacy evidence.",{"data":2663,"marks":2664,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":2666,"content":2667,"nodeType":866},{},[2668],{"data":2669,"marks":2670,"value":2671,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's custom app banners deliver contextual policy guidance the moment an employee accesses an AI tool: linking to approved usage policies, data handling guidelines, or approved alternatives. Banners are fully customizable: they can include specific instructions, link to AI policy documents or approved alternatives, and messages from the security team tailored to the tool or user group. ",{"data":2673,"content":2677,"nodeType":925},{"target":2674},{"sys":2675},{"id":2676,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4bt65QXDiyTi1eq7wnbHUh",[],{"data":2679,"content":2680,"nodeType":1458},{},[2681,2686],{"data":2682,"marks":2683,"value":2685,"nodeType":865},{},[2684],{"type":961},"AI data exposure controls.",{"data":2687,"marks":2688,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":2690,"content":2691,"nodeType":866},{},[2692],{"data":2693,"marks":2694,"value":2695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push observes what users type, paste, and upload into AI tools, and can apply real-time controls, warning or blocking when sensitive patterns are detected. This is browser-layer DLP scoped to the AI interaction surface: it won't replace a dedicated DLP platform, but it closes the specific gap that most DLP tools miss because they lack visibility into browser-based AI interactions. Push provides the detection and enforcement layer at the point where the data actually leaves the organization.",{"data":2697,"content":2698,"nodeType":1458},{},[2699,2704],{"data":2700,"marks":2701,"value":2703,"nodeType":865},{},[2702],{"type":961},"MFA verification and phishing defense.",{"data":2705,"marks":2706,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":2708,"content":2709,"nodeType":866},{},[2710],{"data":2711,"marks":2712,"value":2713,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detects where MFA is missing and identifies the type of MFA in use, directly supporting the push toward phishing-resistant authentication methods.",{"data":2715,"content":2716,"nodeType":866},{},[2717],{"data":2718,"marks":2719,"value":2720,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's behavioral phishing detection stops AiTM phishing, credential harvesting, device code phishing, and ClickFix attacks because Push detects malicious behavior in the browser, making it effective against even AI-powered phishing attacks, or those that are delivered over traditionally unmonitored channels such as search engines, social media, or even via phone call.",{"data":2722,"content":2726,"nodeType":925},{"target":2723},{"sys":2724},{"id":2725,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3hqv1nql8FvB8j7uRiddqB",[],{"data":2728,"content":2729,"nodeType":1458},{},[2730,2735],{"data":2731,"marks":2732,"value":2734,"nodeType":865},{},[2733],{"type":961},"Third-party AI risk visibility.",{"data":2736,"marks":2737,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":2739,"content":2740,"nodeType":866},{},[2741],{"data":2742,"marks":2743,"value":2744,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push maps exactly which AI services employees have accessed and used, connected to other business apps via OAuth, what permissions those integrations hold, and who authorized them. This surfaces the AI providers that procurement never approved but employees adopted anyway, before they become a compliance finding or a breach vector.",{"data":2746,"content":2747,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":2749,"content":2750,"nodeType":963},{},[2751],{"data":2752,"marks":2753,"value":2755,"nodeType":865},{},[2754],{"type":961},"The compliance gap is an observability gap",{"data":2757,"content":2758,"nodeType":866},{},[2759],{"data":2760,"marks":2761,"value":2762,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The common failure mode across all five obligation categories is the same: the organization has a policy but can't demonstrate enforcement, because the tooling that would provide evidence operates at the wrong layer. IdP logs show managed authentication but not shadow AI logins. Network tools see traffic to AI domains but not the OAuth consent grants or the data in the clipboard. Annual training records exist but can't prove that an employee received guidance at the point of AI interaction.",{"data":2764,"content":2765,"nodeType":866},{},[2766],{"data":2767,"marks":2768,"value":2769,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser-layer telemetry closes each of these gaps because it's where the regulated activity actually happens, and where (with Push) you can observe and control it too.",{"data":2771,"content":2772,"nodeType":866},{},[2773],{"data":2774,"marks":2775,"value":2776,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The regulations covered here are the current landscape, but they aren't the final one. AI governance requirements are accelerating: NIST's AI cybersecurity framework profile is expected this summer, CISA's Five Eyes agentic AI guidance landed in May, and EU member states are still building out their national enforcement regimes.",{"data":2778,"content":2782,"nodeType":925},{"target":2779},{"sys":2780},{"id":2781,"type":922,"linkType":923},"OThPeKuFnpoo1e1FAGsFP",[],{"data":2784,"content":2785,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":2787,"content":2788,"nodeType":866},{},[2789],{"data":2790,"marks":2791,"value":2792,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.",{"data":2794,"content":2795,"nodeType":866},{},[2796],{"data":2797,"marks":2798,"value":1718,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":2800,"content":2801,"nodeType":866},{},[2802,2805,2813],{"data":2803,"marks":2804,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":2806,"content":2807,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[2808],{"data":2809,"marks":2810,"value":2812,"nodeType":865},{},[2811],{"type":997},"Book a live demo to learn more.",{"data":2814,"marks":2815,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI regulation is here: how browser visibility and control can achieve compliance","AI regulations across the US, EU, and UK are converging on obligations that most organizations can't meet without browser visibility into AI tool use.","2026-06-02T00:00:00.000Z","browser-visibility-and-control-can-achieve-ai-compliance",{"items":2821},[2822,2826],{"sys":2823,"name":2825},{"id":2824},"1gZi8NrRy2v9OqPV7C4dwD","Risk management",{"sys":2827,"name":297},{"id":2828},"3pjES4THCIfSAwhGdNwBcy",{"items":2830},[2831],{"fullName":2832,"firstName":2833,"jobTitle":2834,"profilePicture":2835},"John Creaton","John","Head of Legal",{"url":2836},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/ykgZqhGCFFxufznVsqTiM/6bd977c68dd504642f0064bdb90ebdee/1774636973277.jpeg",{"__typename":1788,"sys":2838,"content":2840,"title":3762,"synopsis":3763,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":2818,"slug":3764,"tagsCollection":3765,"authorsCollection":3771},{"id":2839},"I5SoVIYsYVgutpLIzZRpC",{"json":2841},{"data":2842,"content":2843,"nodeType":1739},{},[2844,2851,2858,2879,2886,2893,2896,2904,2911,2918,2941,2948,2955,2961,2964,2972,2979,2985,2992,3000,3032,3051,3057,3065,3072,3078,3098,3106,3113,3145,3151,3166,3169,3177,3184,3189,3205,3212,3219,3231,3251,3258,3265,3273,3280,3299,3305,3312,3318,3324,3327,3335,3342,3349,3412,3419,3426,3433,3440,3456,3463,3470,3477,3484,3491,3498,3505,3512,3519,3526,3533,3540,3547,3550,3558,3565,3577,3584,3591,3598,3605,3729,3735,3741,3744],{"data":2845,"content":2846,"nodeType":866},{},[2847],{"data":2848,"marks":2849,"value":2850,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When is a fork not a fork? When it's a browser security platform built to solve both problems of the AI era.",{"data":2852,"content":2853,"nodeType":866},{},[2854],{"data":2855,"marks":2856,"value":2857,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Many security leaders are rightly worried about two big problems in the age of AI: AI-enabled attacks targeting their employees via the browser; and employees introducing the risk of data loss through their use of AI tools.",{"data":2859,"content":2860,"nodeType":866},{},[2861,2866,2870,2875],{"data":2862,"marks":2863,"value":2865,"nodeType":865},{},[2864],{"type":961},"For security teams researching browser-based solutions to these challenges, the decision at first looks like a fork in the road: ",{"data":2867,"marks":2868,"value":2869,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Choose a solution that's purpose-built to detect and respond to modern browser-based attacks like AI-enabled phish kits, ClickFix and other *Fix-style attacks, malicious browser extensions, device code phishing, and others; ",{"data":2871,"marks":2872,"value":2874,"nodeType":865},{},[2873],{"type":944},"or",{"data":2876,"marks":2877,"value":2878,"nodeType":865},{},[]," select an AI governance tool to enforce sensible policies for sensitive data in the browser.",{"data":2880,"content":2881,"nodeType":866},{},[2882],{"data":2883,"marks":2884,"value":2885,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push solves both of these problems. One platform, one SKU.",{"data":2887,"content":2888,"nodeType":866},{},[2889],{"data":2890,"marks":2891,"value":2892,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we'll take a look at the two big AI security and data governance problems that security teams are facing and outline how Push solves them in a single solution. We’ll cover what questions to ask as you evaluate browser security solutions, and describe Push's focus on providing foundational telemetry, detections, and controls that allow you to answer the question “What actually happened here?” not just “What policy was violated?”",{"data":2894,"content":2895,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":2897,"content":2898,"nodeType":963},{},[2899],{"data":2900,"marks":2901,"value":2903,"nodeType":865},{},[2902],{"type":961},"The AI risks every security team is now responsible for",{"data":2905,"content":2906,"nodeType":866},{},[2907],{"data":2908,"marks":2909,"value":2910,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is an amplifier, for adversaries and for your employees. Whatever they could do before, they can now do faster, more powerfully, and at scale.",{"data":2912,"content":2913,"nodeType":866},{},[2914],{"data":2915,"marks":2916,"value":2917,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The two risks that every security team now must manage: ",{"data":2919,"content":2920,"nodeType":1049},{},[2921,2931],{"data":2922,"content":2923,"nodeType":1003},{},[2924],{"data":2925,"content":2926,"nodeType":866},{},[2927],{"data":2928,"marks":2929,"value":2930,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is making browser-based attacks faster, cheaper, and harder to detect.",{"data":2932,"content":2933,"nodeType":1003},{},[2934],{"data":2935,"content":2936,"nodeType":866},{},[2937],{"data":2938,"marks":2939,"value":2940,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employee AI adoption is creating data exposure faster than security teams can respond.",{"data":2942,"content":2943,"nodeType":866},{},[2944],{"data":2945,"marks":2946,"value":2947,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both of these challenges intersect in the same place: The browser. It's the place where adversaries target employees with modern attacks designed to accomplish account takeover and data exfiltration. It's also the place where workers discover and use new AI-enabled apps and introduce risk into the business in the form of data loss, shadow apps, risky browser extensions, and shadow integrations.",{"data":2949,"content":2950,"nodeType":866},{},[2951],{"data":2952,"marks":2953,"value":2954,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To address both problems, security teams need visibility and control in the browser.",{"data":2956,"content":2960,"nodeType":925},{"target":2957},{"sys":2958},{"id":2959,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1U2Hmn4XrFpdcxyjxY3aCc",[],{"data":2962,"content":2963,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":2965,"content":2966,"nodeType":963},{},[2967],{"data":2968,"marks":2969,"value":2971,"nodeType":865},{},[2970],{"type":961},"How AI is transforming attacks",{"data":2973,"content":2974,"nodeType":866},{},[2975],{"data":2976,"marks":2977,"value":2978,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the adversary side of the equation, adversaries are using AI tooling to rapidly iterate on new attack types or new iterations of existing browser-based TTPs that target employees to achieve account or endpoint compromise — usually with the end goal of harvesting valuable corporate identities in order to exfiltrate data or hold it for ransom.",{"data":2980,"content":2984,"nodeType":925},{"target":2981},{"sys":2982},{"id":2983,"type":922,"linkType":923},"G8xv1seFz1wJnY5HpfV6z",[],{"data":2986,"content":2987,"nodeType":866},{},[2988],{"data":2989,"marks":2990,"value":2991,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is changing attacks in three key ways.",{"data":2993,"content":2994,"nodeType":1458},{},[2995],{"data":2996,"marks":2997,"value":2999,"nodeType":865},{},[2998],{"type":961},"AI has supercharged the iteration and evolution of adversary tools and techniques",{"data":3001,"content":3002,"nodeType":866},{},[3003,3007,3016,3020,3028],{"data":3004,"marks":3005,"value":3006,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are using the same AI capabilities as any other engineer who wants to multiply their output. That translates to an array of new attack techniques: multiple increasingly sophisticated variations of the ",{"data":3008,"content":3010,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3009},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-v3-analyzing-a-new-toolkit/",[3011],{"data":3012,"marks":3013,"value":3015,"nodeType":865},{},[3014],{"type":997},"ClickFix-style attacks",{"data":3017,"marks":3018,"value":3019,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that use social engineering techniques to get users to unknowingly install malware via malicious scripts; as well as creative ",{"data":3021,"content":3022,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[3023],{"data":3024,"marks":3025,"value":3027,"nodeType":865},{},[3026],{"type":997},"exploitation of device codes",{"data":3029,"marks":3030,"value":3031,"nodeType":865},{},[],", a legitimate authentication mechanism, that allows attackers to phish access post-authentication.",{"data":3033,"content":3034,"nodeType":866},{},[3035,3039,3047],{"data":3036,"marks":3037,"value":3038,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Device code phishing in particular demonstrates the rapid growth of new techniques, with early documented appearances of the TTP occurring in 2024, and by early the next year, the method had been packaged as a PhaaS offering with GPT-enhanced spear-phishing and customized landing pages. The ",{"data":3040,"content":3042,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3041},"https://www.huntress.com/blog/device-code-phishing-ai-mfa-bypass",[3043],{"data":3044,"marks":3045,"value":3046,"nodeType":865},{},[],"campaign",{"data":3048,"marks":3049,"value":3050,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeted more than 340 organizations across five countries in March 2026, using personalized AI-generated lures at a scale that would have been impractical to produce manually.",{"data":3052,"content":3056,"nodeType":925},{"target":3053},{"sys":3054},{"id":3055,"type":922,"linkType":923},"eNUpU2GtGOcXRrHBKHnLN",[],{"data":3058,"content":3059,"nodeType":1458},{},[3060],{"data":3061,"marks":3062,"value":3064,"nodeType":865},{},[3063],{"type":961},"Infrastructure-based detections are increasingly degraded by AI-enabled approaches",{"data":3066,"content":3067,"nodeType":866},{},[3068],{"data":3069,"marks":3070,"value":3071,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI has also collapsed the cost and time it takes to build convincing phishing infrastructure: Attackers can vibecode a convincing phishing page in minutes, burn the domain, and regenerate another one before any blocklist updates. ",{"data":3073,"content":3077,"nodeType":925},{"target":3074},{"sys":3075},{"id":3076,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2obvOhMWjy64h94tEIbx04",[],{"data":3079,"content":3080,"nodeType":866},{},[3081,3085,3094],{"data":3082,"marks":3083,"value":3084,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The impact on IOC-based detections that rely on infrastructure elements is severe: When elements constantly change, every phishing attack is essentially a zero-day. Complicating the picture further is the increasing use of legitimate cloud platforms like ",{"data":3086,"content":3088,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3087},"https://www.huntress.com/blog/railway-paas-m365-token-replay-campaign",[3089],{"data":3090,"marks":3091,"value":3093,"nodeType":865},{},[3092],{"type":997},"Railway",{"data":3095,"marks":3096,"value":3097,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Cloudflare Workers, and Vercel, which attackers use to host and dynamically rotate attack infrastructure.",{"data":3099,"content":3100,"nodeType":1458},{},[3101],{"data":3102,"marks":3103,"value":3105,"nodeType":865},{},[3104],{"type":961},"AI is making it easier to build and run omni-channel campaigns",{"data":3107,"content":3108,"nodeType":866},{},[3109],{"data":3110,"marks":3111,"value":3112,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push researchers have written extensively over the last year about malvertising campaigns that serve malicious pages to users via search engine results, enticing them to visit sites designed to steal credentials or deliver malware. ",{"data":3114,"content":3115,"nodeType":866},{},[3116,3120,3129,3133,3141],{"data":3117,"marks":3118,"value":3119,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've tracked ",{"data":3121,"content":3123,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3122},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis/",[3124],{"data":3125,"marks":3126,"value":3128,"nodeType":865},{},[3127],{"type":997},"sustained campaigns",{"data":3130,"marks":3131,"value":3132,"nodeType":865},{},[]," impersonating Onfido, TradingView, Ahrefs, Semrush, and others. These campaigns are part of a self-reinforcing criminal ecosystem: Malvertising campaigns paid for by stolen ad accounts, with credential theft that funds the next round of credential theft. And the recent ",{"data":3134,"content":3136,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3135},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign/",[3137],{"data":3138,"marks":3139,"value":3140,"nodeType":865},{},[],"LLMShare",{"data":3142,"marks":3143,"value":3144,"nodeType":865},{},[]," campaign identified by Push shows how attackers are combining their abuse of AI tools of AI-assisted phishing page creation with malvertising, helping them to spin up lookalike pages quickly and cheaply to serve as convincing lures.",{"data":3146,"content":3150,"nodeType":925},{"target":3147},{"sys":3148},{"id":3149,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2Gwj25KBjClQ5u8uiEYuYR",[],{"data":3152,"content":3153,"nodeType":866},{},[3154,3158,3163],{"data":3155,"marks":3156,"value":3157,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are just a few examples of how phishing has moved beyond the inbox, targeting users through malvertising, SEO poisoning, and social media DMs. Over the last year, Push researchers found that ",{"data":3159,"marks":3160,"value":3162,"nodeType":865},{},[3161],{"type":961},"1 in 3 payloads intercepted by the platform were sent outside of email",{"data":3164,"marks":3165,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3167,"content":3168,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":3170,"content":3171,"nodeType":963},{},[3172],{"data":3173,"marks":3174,"value":3176,"nodeType":865},{},[3175],{"type":961},"How AI is creating risky employee behaviors ",{"data":3178,"content":3179,"nodeType":866},{},[3180],{"data":3181,"marks":3182,"value":3183,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Meanwhile, on the employee side of the equation, there are three other key concerns that security teams should be paying attention to when it comes to the risks associated with AI use.",{"data":3185,"content":3188,"nodeType":925},{"target":3186},{"sys":3187},{"id":921,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":3190,"content":3191,"nodeType":1458},{},[3192,3197,3200],{"data":3193,"marks":3194,"value":3196,"nodeType":865},{},[3195],{"type":961},"Data leaving the business via shadow AI",{"data":3198,"marks":3199,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3201,"marks":3202,"value":3204,"nodeType":865},{},[3203],{"type":961},"and AI extensions",{"data":3206,"content":3207,"nodeType":866},{},[3208],{"data":3209,"marks":3210,"value":3211,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employees are signing up to AI tools directly, beyond the bounds of procurement or security review. That means security teams can't see sensitive data going into LLMs — clipboard pastes of API keys, file uploads to coding assistants, customer data in uploaded spreadsheets, etc.",{"data":3213,"content":3214,"nodeType":866},{},[3215],{"data":3216,"marks":3217,"value":3218,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most teams also don't have visibility of AI browser extensions, another avenue for data to leave the business. Extensions are also an attack surface in their own right, as previously benign extensions can be compromised by threat actors through account takeover of the extension developer.",{"data":3220,"content":3221,"nodeType":1458},{},[3222,3227],{"data":3223,"marks":3224,"value":3226,"nodeType":865},{},[3225],{"type":961},"Employees using personal accounts on corporate AI app tenants",{"data":3228,"marks":3229,"value":3230,"nodeType":865},{},[]," ",{"data":3232,"content":3233,"nodeType":866},{},[3234,3238,3247],{"data":3235,"marks":3236,"value":3237,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The 2026 ",{"data":3239,"content":3241,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3240},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/",[3242],{"data":3243,"marks":3244,"value":3246,"nodeType":865},{},[3245],{"type":997},"Verizon DBIR",{"data":3248,"marks":3249,"value":3250,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found that 67% of GenAI users on corporate devices are using non-corporate accounts, and our own data shows that 38% of file uploads to AI tools are made from shadow accounts rather than approved organizational ones.",{"data":3252,"content":3253,"nodeType":866},{},[3254],{"data":3255,"marks":3256,"value":3257,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That means a large number of employees in most organizations are using AI apps with personal accounts, outside of organizational data governance, retention policies, access controls, or basic security oversight. ",{"data":3259,"content":3260,"nodeType":866},{},[3261],{"data":3262,"marks":3263,"value":3264,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The compounding risk is that personal accounts are typically protected by weaker passwords, inconsistent MFA, and credential reuse from other personal services — meaning a compromise of the personal account could give an attacker access to corporate data and tools.",{"data":3266,"content":3267,"nodeType":1458},{},[3268],{"data":3269,"marks":3270,"value":3272,"nodeType":865},{},[3271],{"type":961},"Shadow integrations between AI tools and corporate systems",{"data":3274,"content":3275,"nodeType":866},{},[3276],{"data":3277,"marks":3278,"value":3279,"nodeType":865},{},[],"App-to-app connections accomplished through OAuth are also proliferating faster than most teams can observe and review them. For the average organization, Push sees 17 unique AI app OAuth integrations connected just to Microsoft and Google corporate tenants.",{"data":3281,"content":3282,"nodeType":866},{},[3283,3286,3295],{"data":3284,"marks":3285,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3287,"content":3289,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3288},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-vercel-breach/",[3290],{"data":3291,"marks":3292,"value":3294,"nodeType":865},{},[3293],{"type":997},"recent Vercel breach",{"data":3296,"marks":3297,"value":3298,"nodeType":865},{},[]," illustrates the risks of even a single OAuth connection from a compromised third-party AI SaaS provider. This isn't really a new AI threat so much as a shadow SaaS problem that's accelerating alongside AI adoption, given that AI apps are specifically designed to pull data from one system, analyze it in another, and present it in a third — with MCP connections now creating the same kind of persistent, permissioned access through an authentication protocol (OAuth) that most organizations have no process to review.",{"data":3300,"content":3304,"nodeType":925},{"target":3301},{"sys":3302},{"id":3303,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1t2jn4fLxMlH0adMyQqkXk",[],{"data":3306,"content":3307,"nodeType":866},{},[3308],{"data":3309,"marks":3310,"value":3311,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is the same web of OAuth-connected apps that is being exposed at scale through AI tool integrations. For many organizations, AI tools are now the hub of modern activity that orchestrates and automates across the mesh of cloud apps, which adds a useful perspective on what's changed. ",{"data":3313,"content":3317,"nodeType":925},{"target":3314},{"sys":3315},{"id":3316,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6cRnPkGdwWXRWcct6LfMzo",[],{"data":3319,"content":3323,"nodeType":925},{"target":3320},{"sys":3321},{"id":3322,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5WQZNpnPETWeys1VqubVW",[],{"data":3325,"content":3326,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":3328,"content":3329,"nodeType":963},{},[3330],{"data":3331,"marks":3332,"value":3334,"nodeType":865},{},[3333],{"type":961},"What to ask when evaluating browser-based AI visibility and control solutions",{"data":3336,"content":3337,"nodeType":866},{},[3338],{"data":3339,"marks":3340,"value":3341,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When you're evaluating AI visibility and control platforms that operate in the browser, there are two lines of questioning that can be useful to unpack.",{"data":3343,"content":3344,"nodeType":866},{},[3345],{"data":3346,"marks":3347,"value":3348,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first is the tactical basics: What use cases does the product cover, and how quickly will you see value? In this category, you'll likely be looking for:",{"data":3350,"content":3351,"nodeType":1049},{},[3352,3367,3382,3397],{"data":3353,"content":3354,"nodeType":1003},{},[3355],{"data":3356,"content":3357,"nodeType":866},{},[3358,3363],{"data":3359,"marks":3360,"value":3362,"nodeType":865},{},[3361],{"type":961},"Depth of visibility:",{"data":3364,"marks":3365,"value":3366,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Can the solution observe both corporate and personal account usage of AI apps? Does the solution work with all major browsers, including emerging AI browsers? Does the solution automatically classify AI apps and automatically discover shadow AI?",{"data":3368,"content":3369,"nodeType":1003},{},[3370],{"data":3371,"content":3372,"nodeType":866},{},[3373,3378],{"data":3374,"marks":3375,"value":3377,"nodeType":865},{},[3376],{"type":961},"Granularity of controls:",{"data":3379,"marks":3380,"value":3381,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Does the solution support visibility and control over clipboard interactions, allowing you to identify sensitive data strings like personal access tokens (PATs) or API keys? Does the solution allow you to set multiple enforcement modes (monitor, warn, block) and carve out exceptions for tools, teams and individuals where necessary? ",{"data":3383,"content":3384,"nodeType":1003},{},[3385],{"data":3386,"content":3387,"nodeType":866},{},[3388,3393],{"data":3389,"marks":3390,"value":3392,"nodeType":865},{},[3391],{"type":961},"Ease of deployment:",{"data":3394,"marks":3395,"value":3396,"nodeType":865},{},[]," How is the solution deployed? Browser extension-based solutions like Push can be deployed at scale in an hour. Solutions that require an endpoint agent or a complete browser replacement will be a heavier lift.",{"data":3398,"content":3399,"nodeType":1003},{},[3400],{"data":3401,"content":3402,"nodeType":866},{},[3403,3408],{"data":3404,"marks":3405,"value":3407,"nodeType":865},{},[3406],{"type":961},"Scope of coverage:",{"data":3409,"marks":3410,"value":3411,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Does the solution only enforce policy around AI usage, or does it also prevent AI-enabled attacks in the browser? ",{"data":3413,"content":3414,"nodeType":866},{},[3415],{"data":3416,"marks":3417,"value":3418,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The second set of questions is more about the underlying architectural choices a product has made, and how those translate into actionable intelligence for security teams — or where there may be blind spots. In this category, you will want to ask:",{"data":3420,"content":3421,"nodeType":1458},{},[3422],{"data":3423,"marks":3424,"value":3425,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Does the tool capture AI interactions that didn’t trigger a policy violation — or only the ones it blocked?",{"data":3427,"content":3428,"nodeType":866},{},[3429],{"data":3430,"marks":3431,"value":3432,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is the most useful diagnostic if you're focused on understanding the wider security meaning and impact of an AI interaction, not just whether it violated a policy. ",{"data":3434,"content":3435,"nodeType":866},{},[3436],{"data":3437,"marks":3438,"value":3439,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Enforcement-first tools record what they stopped: blocked uploads, attempted usage of unapproved apps, flagged file names, etc. ",{"data":3441,"content":3442,"nodeType":866},{},[3443,3447,3452],{"data":3444,"marks":3445,"value":3446,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That's useful for compliance reporting but incomplete for security investigation, because ",{"data":3448,"marks":3449,"value":3451,"nodeType":865},{},[3450],{"type":961},"the most significant events are often the ones that looked normal at the time",{"data":3453,"marks":3454,"value":3455,"nodeType":865},{},[],": A user whose behavior shifted gradually over weeks before a resignation. An approved AI browser extension that updates its permissions, putting it in risky territory. An OAuth consent grant that was technically permitted but shouldn't have been.",{"data":3457,"content":3458,"nodeType":866},{},[3459],{"data":3460,"marks":3461,"value":3462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ask whether the tool can collect user behavior telemetry, file upload and download activity, and AI usage logs for permitted events — not just policy violations — and whether that telemetry can be forwarded to your SIEM. ",{"data":3464,"content":3465,"nodeType":866},{},[3466],{"data":3467,"marks":3468,"value":3469,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One approach gives you an investigation tool. The other gives you compliance alerts without deeper context.",{"data":3471,"content":3472,"nodeType":1458},{},[3473],{"data":3474,"marks":3475,"value":3476,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When an AI agent requests OAuth permissions to access your organization's data, does the tool capture the consent flow — what scopes were requested on which app, which user initiated the consent, and what was the outcome?",{"data":3478,"content":3479,"nodeType":866},{},[3480],{"data":3481,"marks":3482,"value":3483,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most enforcement-first tools treat OAuth as a binary: approved app or blocked app. That was a reasonable model when OAuth grants were primarily app-to-app integrations managed by IT. It isn't sufficient for agentic AI.",{"data":3485,"content":3486,"nodeType":866},{},[3487],{"data":3488,"marks":3489,"value":3490,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI agents request OAuth permissions to access organizational data on behalf of users. These are user-initiated consent grants that happen inside browser sessions, often with broad scopes, and frequently without security team awareness. The right tool needs to capture the consent event itself: what permissions were requested, what scopes were granted, who approved them, and what application received them. ",{"data":3492,"content":3493,"nodeType":866},{},[3494],{"data":3495,"marks":3496,"value":3497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ask whether the tool monitors OAuth consent flows across authorization servers, whether it can warn or block consent grants in real time based on policy, and whether that coverage extends to AI-enabled apps and MCP connections.",{"data":3499,"content":3500,"nodeType":1458},{},[3501],{"data":3502,"marks":3503,"value":3504,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a new browser attack technique emerges that no tool has a signature for, how long does it take the platform to detect it — and can you show a specific example?",{"data":3506,"content":3507,"nodeType":866},{},[3508],{"data":3509,"marks":3510,"value":3511,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are rotating infrastructure in hours and using AI to generate new lures and phishing pages at scale. A detection model built on blocklists, reputation feeds, and known-bad indicators is architecturally behind any novel technique because by the time the indicator appears on a feed, the attacker has already moved on.",{"data":3513,"content":3514,"nodeType":866},{},[3515],{"data":3516,"marks":3517,"value":3518,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ask vendors to show you a specific detection that fired on a novel technique before the infrastructure appeared on any threat feed.",{"data":3520,"content":3521,"nodeType":1458},{},[3522],{"data":3523,"marks":3524,"value":3525,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What browser telemetry reaches your SIEM — just alerts, or the underlying session data that makes those alerts investigable?",{"data":3527,"content":3528,"nodeType":866},{},[3529],{"data":3530,"marks":3531,"value":3532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ask to see a sample SIEM event from a real detection. Many browser security tools integrate with SIEMs, but the depth of what they forward varies a lot. ",{"data":3534,"content":3535,"nodeType":866},{},[3536],{"data":3537,"marks":3538,"value":3539,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Some send alert metadata that captures policy violations, timestamps, and involved users. Others forward a broader set of telemetry for deeper context — credential reuse, app logins, newly installed extensions, detected phishing kits, file uploads, clipboard activity, OAuth consent flows, file downloads, etc. ",{"data":3541,"content":3542,"nodeType":866},{},[3543],{"data":3544,"marks":3545,"value":3546,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The difference determines whether your SOC team can easily correlate signals from the browser-based tool with other layers of their stack and begin an investigation from the SIEM event itself — or whether they need to pivot back into the vendor's console for the actual evidence.",{"data":3548,"content":3549,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":3551,"content":3552,"nodeType":963},{},[3553],{"data":3554,"marks":3555,"value":3557,"nodeType":865},{},[3556],{"type":961},"AI visibility and control is a feature of the right browser security platform, not a separate purchase",{"data":3559,"content":3560,"nodeType":866},{},[3561],{"data":3562,"marks":3563,"value":3564,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ultimately, the choice of browser platform for solving the two big problems of the AI era comes down to whether you need broader attack coverage and telemetry context in order to secure your organization, or whether a policy-based approach is enough. ",{"data":3566,"content":3567,"nodeType":866},{},[3568,3572],{"data":3569,"marks":3570,"value":3571,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push treats the challenges of stopping AI-enabled attacks and providing visibility and control over AI usage as features that extend naturally from the platform's underlying architectural model: Rich browser-layer telemetry in ",{"data":3573,"marks":3574,"value":3576,"nodeType":865},{},[3575],{"type":961},"a single tool that helps security teams answer the question “What actually happened here?” not just “What policy was violated?”",{"data":3578,"content":3579,"nodeType":866},{},[3580],{"data":3581,"marks":3582,"value":3583,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This unified architecture matters because the AI control problem and the browser threat detection problem share a root cause: Security-relevant activity is happening inside browser sessions that most tools can't see. ",{"data":3585,"content":3586,"nodeType":866},{},[3587],{"data":3588,"marks":3589,"value":3590,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A standalone AI governance tool can tell you which AI apps are in use and whether employees violated a usage policy. It can't tell you whether the OAuth grant an AI agent just received was part of a broader pattern that includes credential entry on an unfamiliar domain, a clipboard paste from an internal document, and a login to a shadow SaaS app — all in the same session, all visible in the same telemetry stream. ",{"data":3592,"content":3593,"nodeType":866},{},[3594],{"data":3595,"marks":3596,"value":3597,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Separating AI governance from browser security means maintaining two tools that each only see half the picture. ",{"data":3599,"content":3600,"nodeType":1458},{},[3601],{"data":3602,"marks":3603,"value":3604,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How Push can help",{"data":3606,"content":3607,"nodeType":1049},{},[3608,3631,3654,3676,3686,3696,3706],{"data":3609,"content":3610,"nodeType":1003},{},[3611],{"data":3612,"content":3613,"nodeType":866},{},[3614,3618,3627],{"data":3615,"marks":3616,"value":3617,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block emerging ",{"data":3619,"content":3621,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3620},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-the-browser-and-identity-attacks-matrix/",[3622],{"data":3623,"marks":3624,"value":3626,"nodeType":865},{},[3625],{"type":997},"browser-based attack techniques",{"data":3628,"marks":3629,"value":3630,"nodeType":865},{},[],", including AI-enabled phishing and quickly evolving *Fix-style attacks.",{"data":3632,"content":3633,"nodeType":1003},{},[3634],{"data":3635,"content":3636,"nodeType":866},{},[3637,3641,3650],{"data":3638,"marks":3639,"value":3640,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Benefit from Push's ",{"data":3642,"content":3644,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3643},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline/",[3645],{"data":3646,"marks":3647,"value":3649,"nodeType":865},{},[3648],{"type":997},"agentic detection pipeline",{"data":3651,"marks":3652,"value":3653,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which continuously hunts across customer environments to identify emerging threats and ship new detections.",{"data":3655,"content":3656,"nodeType":1003},{},[3657],{"data":3658,"content":3659,"nodeType":866},{},[3660,3663,3672],{"data":3661,"marks":3662,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3664,"content":3666,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3665},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/engineering/rest-v1",[3667],{"data":3668,"marks":3669,"value":3671,"nodeType":865},{},[3670],{"type":997},"Stream telemetry",{"data":3673,"marks":3674,"value":3675,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to your SIEM for a wide variety of events, including attack detections; newly installed browser extensions or newly adopted apps; updates to extension permissions; file uploads and downloads; clipboard pastes; app logins; credential reuse; OAuth consents; and more.",{"data":3677,"content":3678,"nodeType":1003},{},[3679],{"data":3680,"content":3681,"nodeType":866},{},[3682],{"data":3683,"marks":3684,"value":3685,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block file uploads and downloads.",{"data":3687,"content":3688,"nodeType":1003},{},[3689],{"data":3690,"content":3691,"nodeType":866},{},[3692],{"data":3693,"marks":3694,"value":3695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block clipboard pastes of sensitive data, with regex-based patterns you can define.",{"data":3697,"content":3698,"nodeType":1003},{},[3699],{"data":3700,"content":3701,"nodeType":866},{},[3702],{"data":3703,"marks":3704,"value":3705,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Monitor for or block unauthorized MCP connections.",{"data":3707,"content":3708,"nodeType":1003},{},[3709],{"data":3710,"content":3711,"nodeType":866},{},[3712,3716,3725],{"data":3713,"marks":3714,"value":3715,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Write your own ",{"data":3717,"content":3719,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3718},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/engineering/resources/custom-detections",[3720],{"data":3721,"marks":3722,"value":3724,"nodeType":865},{},[3723],{"type":997},"custom YAML rules",{"data":3726,"marks":3727,"value":3728,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeting specific elements of the page DOM, web requests and responses, HTTP headers such as cookies, and a lot more.",{"data":3730,"content":3731,"nodeType":866},{},[3732],{"data":3733,"marks":3734,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3736,"content":3740,"nodeType":925},{"target":3737},{"sys":3738},{"id":3739,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7AwQv7bLbARq6mdAgv7uGq",[],{"data":3742,"content":3743,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":3745,"content":3746,"nodeType":866},{},[3747,3751,3759],{"data":3748,"marks":3749,"value":3750,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you'd like to learn more about Push, ",{"data":3752,"content":3753,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[3754],{"data":3755,"marks":3756,"value":3758,"nodeType":865},{},[3757],{"type":997},"book a live demo",{"data":3760,"marks":3761,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Why you can't control AI without being in the browser","Why the right browser security tool makes a separate AI visibility and control purchase unnecessary — and how to decide what you actually need.","why-you-cant-control-ai-without-being-in-the-browser",{"items":3766},[3767,3769],{"sys":3768,"name":297},{"id":2828},{"sys":3770,"name":2825},{"id":2824},{"items":3772},[3773],{"fullName":3774,"firstName":3775,"jobTitle":3776,"profilePicture":3777},"Kelly Davenport","Kelly","Product Team",{"url":3778},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1hi8bEuVfn5sF57LivAq6d/9a3b82426c697d765e2e450e33a18424/kelly_profile_pic.jpeg",{"__typename":1788,"sys":3780,"content":3782,"title":5016,"synopsis":5017,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":5018,"slug":5019,"tagsCollection":5020,"authorsCollection":5026},{"id":3781},"6MoHWfQlVildcFYKSbfMcE",{"json":3783},{"data":3784,"content":3785,"nodeType":1739},{},[3786,3802,3808,3815,3822,3828,3831,3839,3847,3866,3914,3920,3935,3938,3946,3953,3981,4022,4029,4032,4040,4048,4055,4061,4068,4071,4079,4086,4128,4165,4172,4175,4183,4190,4215,4222,4266,4273,4276,4284,4292,4337,4344,4350,4353,4361,4369,4402,4409,4415,4422,4425,4433,4441,4470,4477,4484,4491,4494,4502,4510,4517,4523,4530,4553,4582,4585,4593,4601,4608,4615,4618,4626,4688,4691,4699,4706,4997,5000],{"data":3787,"content":3788,"nodeType":866},{},[3789,3793,3798],{"data":3790,"marks":3791,"value":3792,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser security solutions are one of the most significant additions to the enterprise security stack in recent years — and the data shows it. The browser is where ",{"data":3794,"marks":3795,"value":3797,"nodeType":865},{},[3796],{"type":961},"85% of work now happens",{"data":3799,"marks":3800,"value":3801,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where AI tools are accessed, and where attackers increasingly choose to strike.",{"data":3803,"content":3807,"nodeType":925},{"target":3804},{"sys":3805},{"id":3806,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5P6PyFbn4EakRNlIWtNzyL",[],{"data":3809,"content":3810,"nodeType":866},{},[3811],{"data":3812,"marks":3813,"value":3814,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But browser security is a nascent category. Getting a clear picture of which solution is right for your team, and how to get the most out of it, isn't straightforward. Current solutions on the market serve a wide range of IT and security use cases, with varying degrees of depth and differentiation across them. Not all use cases are equal in terms of their security value, and not all of them are best addressed in the browser.",{"data":3816,"content":3817,"nodeType":866},{},[3818],{"data":3819,"marks":3820,"value":3821,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This article ranks the security problems that browser security solutions can address by the value they deliver: a combination of the risk reduction on offer, and the degree to which the browser is genuinely the best (or only) layer to solve the problem. ",{"data":3823,"content":3827,"nodeType":925},{"target":3824},{"sys":3825},{"id":3826,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6SJPvEHizSYk29lEvVVNj",[],{"data":3829,"content":3830,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":3832,"content":3833,"nodeType":963},{},[3834],{"data":3835,"marks":3836,"value":3838,"nodeType":865},{},[3837],{"type":961},"#1 — Account takeover prevention: detecting credential attacks across all vectors",{"data":3840,"content":3841,"nodeType":866},{},[3842],{"data":3843,"marks":3844,"value":3846,"nodeType":865},{},[3845],{"type":961},"Security value: Very high | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":3848,"content":3849,"nodeType":866},{},[3850,3854,3862],{"data":3851,"marks":3852,"value":3853,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Account takeover (ATO) is the dominant entry point for enterprise breaches: ",{"data":3855,"content":3857,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3856},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/resources/infographics/identity-security-risk-review/",[3858],{"data":3859,"marks":3860,"value":3861,"nodeType":865},{},[],"80% of all modern breaches involve compromised or stolen identities",{"data":3863,"marks":3864,"value":3865,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The attack surface is far wider than most identity tooling can see: credential stuffing, password spraying, ghost logins (password-based fallback authentication that persists after SSO is configured), weak or reused credentials on shadow SaaS apps, and accounts where MFA was never enforced.",{"data":3867,"content":3868,"nodeType":866},{},[3869,3873,3881,3884,3889,3893,3898,3902,3910],{"data":3870,"marks":3871,"value":3872,"nodeType":865},{},[],"According to ",{"data":3874,"content":3876,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3875},"https://cf-assets.www.cloudflare.com/slt3lc6tev37/sWDBUMNVtEJB9ZFLt1dUU/8d69e92de2edfb3bf59e7d21d57e7e1a/Cloudflare-2026-threat-report.pdf",[3877],{"data":3878,"marks":3879,"value":3880,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cloudflare's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3882,"marks":3883,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3885,"marks":3886,"value":3888,"nodeType":865},{},[3887],{"type":961},"63% of all human logins involve credentials already compromised elsewhere",{"data":3890,"marks":3891,"value":3892,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and ",{"data":3894,"marks":3895,"value":3897,"nodeType":865},{},[3896],{"type":961},"94% of all login attempts originate from bots",{"data":3899,"marks":3900,"value":3901,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The ",{"data":3903,"content":3905,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3904},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro/",[3906],{"data":3907,"marks":3908,"value":3909,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Snowflake breach",{"data":3911,"marks":3912,"value":3913,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — 165+ organizations compromised, 1 billion+ records stolen — was powered almost entirely by ghost logins: accounts missing MFA that were susceptible to credential stuffing. It's particularly telling that 80% of the accounts impacted had prior breach exposure.",{"data":3915,"content":3919,"nodeType":925},{"target":3916},{"sys":3917},{"id":3918,"type":922,"linkType":923},"HbZ66kp5DiAZtwNGFJK7d",[],{"data":3921,"content":3922,"nodeType":866},{},[3923,3927,3932],{"data":3924,"marks":3925,"value":3926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For organizations with contractors and BYOD users, the browser extension is also the only enterprise control deployable on devices that can't be MDM-enrolled — extending ATO detection to exactly the place where, per Verizon DBIR 2025, ",{"data":3928,"marks":3929,"value":3931,"nodeType":865},{},[3930],{"type":961},"46% of infostealer infections originate",{"data":3933,"marks":3934,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":3936,"content":3937,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":3939,"content":3940,"nodeType":963},{},[3941],{"data":3942,"marks":3943,"value":3945,"nodeType":865},{},[3944],{"type":961},"#2 — Detecting and stopping advanced phishing: AiTM, multi-channel delivery, and zero-day lures",{"data":3947,"content":3948,"nodeType":866},{},[3949],{"data":3950,"marks":3951,"value":3846,"nodeType":865},{},[3952],{"type":961},{"data":3954,"content":3955,"nodeType":866},{},[3956,3960,3968,3972,3977],{"data":3957,"marks":3958,"value":3959,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing — where an attacker's reverse proxy intercepts credentials and session tokens in real time — has become the standard technique for bypassing MFA at scale. ",{"data":3961,"content":3963,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3962},"https://www.esentire.com/resources/library/2026-threat-report",[3964],{"data":3965,"marks":3966,"value":3967,"nodeType":865},{},[],"eSentire's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3969,"marks":3970,"value":3971,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attributes ",{"data":3973,"marks":3974,"value":3976,"nodeType":865},{},[3975],{"type":961},"63% of account compromise incidents to PhaaS kits",{"data":3978,"marks":3979,"value":3980,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with account compromise surging 389% year-over-year.",{"data":3982,"content":3983,"nodeType":866},{},[3984,3988,3996,4000,4005,4009,4018],{"data":3985,"marks":3986,"value":3987,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Traditional phishing controls are also no longer in the right place to intercept these attacks. The delivery channel has shifted decisively away from email: ",{"data":3989,"content":3991,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3990},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/m-trends-2026",[3992],{"data":3993,"marks":3994,"value":3995,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mandiant M-Trends 2026",{"data":3997,"marks":3998,"value":3999,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found email phishing dropped from 14% to 6% as an infection vector, and Push data shows ",{"data":4001,"marks":4002,"value":4004,"nodeType":865},{},[4003],{"type":961},"roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads intercepted were delivered outside email entirely",{"data":4006,"marks":4007,"value":4008,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — via search engine malvertising, social platforms, and compromised websites. Meanwhile, ",{"data":4010,"content":4012,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4011},"https://www.spamhaus.com/resource-center/supporting-researchers-with-passive-dns/",[4013],{"data":4014,"marks":4015,"value":4017,"nodeType":865},{},[4016],{"type":961},"89% of phishing domains are active for less than two days",{"data":4019,"marks":4020,"value":4021,"nodeType":865},{},[],", making blocklist-based detection structurally too slow — attackers can spin up, tear down, and move on before blocklists can catch up.",{"data":4023,"content":4024,"nodeType":866},{},[4025],{"data":4026,"marks":4027,"value":4028,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modern phishing plays out entirely inside the browser session. The only detection layer that can see the phishing page structure, the credential entry, and the anomalous token context is the browser itself. Browser-native detection analyses page behavior rather than matching known-bad domains, which means it fires on zero-day kits regardless of how recently the infrastructure was stood up. Controls like credential entry guardrails add an additional layer — blocking corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains independently of content and behavior-based detections.",{"data":4030,"content":4031,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4033,"content":4034,"nodeType":963},{},[4035],{"data":4036,"marks":4037,"value":4039,"nodeType":865},{},[4038],{"type":961},"#3 — Identity posture hardening: enforcing security across the apps your IdP doesn't manage",{"data":4041,"content":4042,"nodeType":866},{},[4043],{"data":4044,"marks":4045,"value":4047,"nodeType":865},{},[4046],{"type":961},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":4049,"content":4050,"nodeType":866},{},[4051],{"data":4052,"marks":4053,"value":4054,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first challenge is knowing what you're protecting. Every identity an employee creates — every app they sign up to, every password they set, every login that bypasses SSO — is an authentication event that happens inside a browser session. The browser is the only layer that observes all of these events regardless of whether the app is sanctioned, managed, or even known to IT. Solutions that rely on API-level integrations with known apps, network traffic inspection, or email sign-up notifications can only ever build a partial picture, because they can only see apps they already know about. The browser sees the login itself, which means it discovers the identity at the moment it's created or used — authentication method, password strength, MFA status, and all.",{"data":4056,"content":4060,"nodeType":925},{"target":4057},{"sys":4058},{"id":4059,"type":922,"linkType":923},"HETvBCPsKGkqLVtaasXH0",[],{"data":4062,"content":4063,"nodeType":866},{},[4064],{"data":4065,"marks":4066,"value":4067,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But discovery without enforcement is just an inventory problem. Being in the browser means that you're in a great position to act on what it finds at the moment of authentication. Browser-native guardrails that prompt MFA enrollment, guide users toward stronger credentials, and redirect to SSO login paths close the gap at scale, on every app, including those the IdP has never seen. They also produce the continuous, auditable evidence of MFA coverage and credential hygiene across the full application estate that regulators, insurers, and auditors increasingly require — evidence that no IdP-centric tool can provide for apps outside its scope.",{"data":4069,"content":4070,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4072,"content":4073,"nodeType":963},{},[4074],{"data":4075,"marks":4076,"value":4078,"nodeType":865},{},[4077],{"type":961},"#4 — Browser extension security",{"data":4080,"content":4081,"nodeType":866},{},[4082],{"data":4083,"marks":4084,"value":4047,"nodeType":865},{},[4085],{"type":961},{"data":4087,"content":4088,"nodeType":866},{},[4089,4093,4102,4105,4113,4116,4124],{"data":4090,"marks":4091,"value":4092,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser extensions have become one of the most talked-about attack surfaces in security over the past 18 months, and understandably so — a string of high-profile supply chain compromises have collectively impacted tens of millions of users since late 2024 (",{"data":4094,"content":4096,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4095},"https://www.cyberhaven.com/blog/cyberhavens-chrome-extension-security-incident-and-what-were-doing-about-it",[4097],{"data":4098,"marks":4099,"value":4101,"nodeType":865},{},[4100],{"type":997},"Cyberhaven",{"data":4103,"marks":4104,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":4106,"content":4108,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4107},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/darkspectre-browser-extension-campaigns.html",[4109],{"data":4110,"marks":4111,"value":4112,"nodeType":865},{},[],"DarkSpectre",{"data":4114,"marks":4115,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":4117,"content":4119,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4118},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/trust-wallet-chrome-extension-hack.html",[4120],{"data":4121,"marks":4122,"value":4123,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Trust Wallet",{"data":4125,"marks":4126,"value":4127,"nodeType":865},{},[],", among many others).",{"data":4129,"content":4130,"nodeType":866},{},[4131,4134,4143,4147,4152,4156,4161],{"data":4132,"marks":4133,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":4135,"content":4137,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4136},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-browser-extension-risk-scoring-wont-predict-your-next-breach/",[4138],{"data":4139,"marks":4140,"value":4142,"nodeType":865},{},[4141],{"type":997},"Analysis of 20,000+ extensions across Push customers",{"data":4144,"marks":4145,"value":4146,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found ",{"data":4148,"marks":4149,"value":4151,"nodeType":865},{},[4150],{"type":961},"46.76% have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":4153,"marks":4154,"value":4155,"nodeType":865},{},[],", making permissions-based risk scoring effectively useless as a triage tool. The real threat model is not malicious extensions at install time — it's legitimate extensions that ",{"data":4157,"marks":4158,"value":4160,"nodeType":865},{},[4159],{"type":944},"become",{"data":4162,"marks":4163,"value":4164,"nodeType":865},{},[]," malicious after an ownership transfer, developer account compromise, or silent update push. Every major extension supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as low-risk immediately before compromise.",{"data":4166,"content":4167,"nodeType":866},{},[4168],{"data":4169,"marks":4170,"value":4171,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SWGs and network tools are structurally blind to this attack surface: a malicious extension exfiltrating session tokens generates no anomalous network signal — its traffic is indistinguishable from normal browsing. Endpoint agents have no visibility into extension behavior at the session level. Extension inventory, supply chain change monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — and enforcement all require browser-layer access by definition.",{"data":4173,"content":4174,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4176,"content":4177,"nodeType":963},{},[4178],{"data":4179,"marks":4180,"value":4182,"nodeType":865},{},[4181],{"type":961},"#5 — Shadow SaaS discovery and OAuth integration governance",{"data":4184,"content":4185,"nodeType":866},{},[4186],{"data":4187,"marks":4188,"value":4047,"nodeType":865},{},[4189],{"type":961},{"data":4191,"content":4192,"nodeType":866},{},[4193,4197,4202,4206,4211],{"data":4194,"marks":4195,"value":4196,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow SaaS discovery shares DNA with identity posture hardening (#3) — both start with the same browser-native visibility into login events that no other layer can replicate. Where identity posture focuses on hardening ",{"data":4198,"marks":4199,"value":4201,"nodeType":865},{},[4200],{"type":944},"how",{"data":4203,"marks":4204,"value":4205,"nodeType":865},{},[]," employees authenticate, shadow SaaS discovery focuses on ",{"data":4207,"marks":4208,"value":4210,"nodeType":865},{},[4209],{"type":944},"what",{"data":4212,"marks":4213,"value":4214,"nodeType":865},{},[]," they authenticate to: surfacing the full estate of applications in use across the organization, including those that IT has never sanctioned or even heard of.",{"data":4216,"content":4217,"nodeType":866},{},[4218],{"data":4219,"marks":4220,"value":4221,"nodeType":865},{},[],"OAuth integration governance is the component of shadow SaaS that is both the most potentially damaging and the hardest to surface through other means. The SaaS-to-SaaS OAuth pivot is now an industrialized attack pattern.",{"data":4223,"content":4224,"nodeType":1049},{},[4225,4246],{"data":4226,"content":4227,"nodeType":1003},{},[4228],{"data":4229,"content":4230,"nodeType":866},{},[4231,4234,4242],{"data":4232,"marks":4233,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":4235,"content":4237,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4236},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach/",[4238],{"data":4239,"marks":4240,"value":4241,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters",{"data":4243,"marks":4244,"value":4245,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Salesforce campaign — which compromised 1,000+ organizations and 1.5 billion records — demonstrated the full chain: the attacker didn't stop at stealing customer data but harvested OAuth tokens, AWS access keys, and Snowflake tokens from breached tenants and pivoted through connected services like Salesloft, Drift, and Gainsight to reach hundreds more organizations.",{"data":4247,"content":4248,"nodeType":1003},{},[4249],{"data":4250,"content":4251,"nodeType":866},{},[4252,4255,4262],{"data":4253,"marks":4254,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":4256,"content":4257,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3288},[4258],{"data":4259,"marks":4260,"value":4261,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Context.ai → Vercel",{"data":4263,"marks":4264,"value":4265,"nodeType":865},{},[]," chain followed the same logic — stored OAuth tokens from a forgotten AI app trial provided the bridge into Google Workspace, internal dashboards, and API keys. These are not isolated incidents; they are the repeatable playbook for extracting maximum value from a single compromise through the trust relationships that OAuth connections encode.",{"data":4267,"content":4268,"nodeType":866},{},[4269],{"data":4270,"marks":4271,"value":4272,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Every OAuth consent grant transits the browser — the authorization prompt, the scope disclosure, the user's approval click, and the redirect that completes the grant all happen inside a browser session — which makes the browser the only layer where an unwanted grant can be intercepted before the token is issued and the persistent access path is created. Once a token exists, the damage is done: it survives password resets, MFA changes, and session revocations, and revoking it after the fact requires first knowing it was granted, which most organizations do not.",{"data":4274,"content":4275,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4277,"content":4278,"nodeType":963},{},[4279],{"data":4280,"marks":4281,"value":4283,"nodeType":865},{},[4282],{"type":961},"#6 — Blocking ClickFix and social engineering-based malware delivery",{"data":4285,"content":4286,"nodeType":866},{},[4287],{"data":4288,"marks":4289,"value":4291,"nodeType":865},{},[4290],{"type":961},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for interception — shared with endpoint security for execution. ConsentFix is a browser-native exception that is T1-aligned.",{"data":4293,"content":4294,"nodeType":866},{},[4295,4299,4304,4308,4315,4319,4324,4328,4333],{"data":4296,"marks":4297,"value":4298,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix was the most common initial access vector reported by Microsoft in 2025, accounting for ",{"data":4300,"marks":4301,"value":4303,"nodeType":865},{},[4302],{"type":961},"47% of observed attacks",{"data":4305,"marks":4306,"value":4307,"nodeType":865},{},[],". CrowdStrike's ",{"data":4309,"content":4310,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1362},[4311],{"data":4312,"marks":4313,"value":4314,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2026 Global Threat Report",{"data":4316,"marks":4317,"value":4318,"nodeType":865},{},[]," identified fake CAPTCHA lures as the most common malware download type, increasing ",{"data":4320,"marks":4321,"value":4323,"nodeType":865},{},[4322],{"type":961},"563% year-over-year",{"data":4325,"marks":4326,"value":4327,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The technique writes a malicious command to the victim's clipboard and social-engineers them into executing it. It is fileless (bypassing download scanning), user-executed (bypassing endpoint behavioral detections), and ",{"data":4329,"marks":4330,"value":4332,"nodeType":865},{},[4331],{"type":961},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads intercepted by Push arrived via search engines",{"data":4334,"marks":4335,"value":4336,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — not email (bypassing email anti-phishing controls).",{"data":4338,"content":4339,"nodeType":866},{},[4340],{"data":4341,"marks":4342,"value":4343,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is the earliest and most effective intervention point — detecting the clipboard injection and social engineering lure before anything reaches the endpoint in executable form. But the problem doesn't end at the browser boundary: once the command has been pasted and run, detection and remediation become endpoint problems, and a mature defense requires both layers. The broader *Fix family — FileFix, InstallFix, and similar derivatives — follows the same pattern, with the browser providing the critical early-warning layer within a defense that spans browser and endpoint.",{"data":4345,"content":4349,"nodeType":925},{"target":4346},{"sys":4347},{"id":4348,"type":922,"linkType":923},"39alMHtw9FPHbQINqbAgBN",[],{"data":4351,"content":4352,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4354,"content":4355,"nodeType":963},{},[4356],{"data":4357,"marks":4358,"value":4360,"nodeType":865},{},[4359],{"type":961},"#7 — AI visibility and control: enforcing which AI tools employees can use and how",{"data":4362,"content":4363,"nodeType":866},{},[4364],{"data":4365,"marks":4366,"value":4368,"nodeType":865},{},[4367],{"type":961},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for access enforcement — but AI governance is not a new security problem so much as a force multiplier on existing ones",{"data":4370,"content":4371,"nodeType":866},{},[4372,4376,4385,4389,4398],{"data":4373,"marks":4374,"value":4375,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI adoption is outpacing security governance at nearly every organization, and ",{"data":4377,"content":4379,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4378},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/7-things-omdias-latest-report-tells-us-about-the-secure-enterprise-browser-market/",[4380],{"data":4381,"marks":4382,"value":4384,"nodeType":865},{},[4383],{"type":961},"71% of organizations are concerned about data leakage via unsanctioned AI apps",{"data":4386,"marks":4387,"value":4388,"nodeType":865},{},[],". But the security problems that AI creates are not, for the most part, novel — they are existing Tier 1 problems amplified by a new category of tooling. Shadow AI apps are shadow SaaS (#5). AI OAuth integrations are OAuth governance (#5). AI browser extensions are extension security (#4). The risk of employees using personal AI accounts — ",{"data":4390,"content":4392,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4391},"https://keepaware.com/blog/46-of-sensitive-data-bypasses-your-dlp",[4393],{"data":4394,"marks":4395,"value":4397,"nodeType":865},{},[4396],{"type":961},"46% of sensitive inputs to AI tools are sent via personal accounts",{"data":4399,"marks":4400,"value":4401,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — is an identity posture problem (#3).",{"data":4403,"content":4404,"nodeType":866},{},[4405],{"data":4406,"marks":4407,"value":4408,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The component parts that allow you to govern AI are individually Tier 1 capabilities, and the browser is the best single layer for gaining visibility and control over AI usage — it sees the apps, the OAuth grants, the extensions, and the account context. But a complete end-to-end solution also requires a presence on the endpoint layer (for local AI tools, IDE-integrated agents, and API-level usage that never touches the browser), and prompt-level DLP on sanctioned tools is better handled by platform-native controls than by browser-layer observation.",{"data":4410,"content":4414,"nodeType":925},{"target":4411},{"sys":4412},{"id":4413,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6Py3z9VgjhKrchmYvhmbsq",[],{"data":4416,"content":4417,"nodeType":866},{},[4418],{"data":4419,"marks":4420,"value":4421,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is what makes platform controls effective — if employees are using personal accounts, there are no enterprise audit logs to inspect. And for the growing category of AI agents, agentic browsers, and MCP-connected tools that operate through OAuth grants rather than direct user interaction, the browser is where the consent decisions that authorize those agents are made.",{"data":4423,"content":4424,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4426,"content":4427,"nodeType":963},{},[4428],{"data":4429,"marks":4430,"value":4432,"nodeType":865},{},[4431],{"type":961},"#8 — Investigation acceleration and incident response: closing the missing middle",{"data":4434,"content":4435,"nodeType":866},{},[4436],{"data":4437,"marks":4438,"value":4440,"nodeType":865},{},[4439],{"type":961},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong — fills a structural gap complementary to endpoint, network, and identity telemetry",{"data":4442,"content":4443,"nodeType":866},{},[4444,4448,4453,4457,4466],{"data":4445,"marks":4446,"value":4447,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Endpoint logs show what processes executed. Network logs show traffic destinations. IdP logs show authentication events. None of them show what happened ",{"data":4449,"marks":4450,"value":4452,"nodeType":865},{},[4451],{"type":944},"inside the browser session",{"data":4454,"marks":4455,"value":4456,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — the phishing page the user saw, the credentials they entered, the malicious OAuth consent grant, the data uploaded or pasted to an unsanctioned service. This is the missing middle of modern incident investigations, and for the ",{"data":4458,"content":4460,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4459},"https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.uk/resources/research/unit-42-incident-response-report",[4461],{"data":4462,"marks":4463,"value":4465,"nodeType":865},{},[4464],{"type":961},"48% of intrusions involving browser-based activity",{"data":4467,"marks":4468,"value":4469,"nodeType":865},{},[],", the absence of browser telemetry is a significant investigative gap.",{"data":4471,"content":4472,"nodeType":866},{},[4473],{"data":4474,"marks":4475,"value":4476,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser-layer telemetry fills that gap with a fundamentally different quality of signal: what users actually clicked, what pages loaded and how they behaved, what credentials were entered, what session activity followed — structured, high-fidelity data from inside the session where the attack played out. That's the difference between inferring what happened and seeing it directly, and it determines scope, drives containment decisions, and provides the direct evidential record that neither endpoint DLP nor network monitoring can supply for browser-native attacks.",{"data":4478,"content":4479,"nodeType":866},{},[4480],{"data":4481,"marks":4482,"value":4483,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser telemetry is a key addition to the investigative picture. Investigations are inherently multi-source — without browser data, reconstructing an incident from EDR, network, and IdP logs won't tell you the full picture (particularly when attacks are increasingly delivered outside of email, intercepting users as they browse the internet normally).",{"data":4485,"content":4486,"nodeType":866},{},[4487],{"data":4488,"marks":4489,"value":4490,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser provides the causal link that other sources miss: the bridge between \"a user visited a URL\" and \"credentials were submitted to a phishing page that issued a session token now being replayed from an attacker-controlled browser.\" Integrated with SIEM and SOAR platforms, that signal enables automated response workflows to execute on high-confidence detections without waiting for manual triage.",{"data":4492,"content":4493,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4495,"content":4496,"nodeType":963},{},[4497],{"data":4498,"marks":4499,"value":4501,"nodeType":865},{},[4500],{"type":961},"#9 — Infostealer defense: detecting exposure and blocking delivery",{"data":4503,"content":4504,"nodeType":866},{},[4505],{"data":4506,"marks":4507,"value":4509,"nodeType":865},{},[4508],{"type":961},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for delivery interception and stolen factor detection — complementary to endpoint security for execution",{"data":4511,"content":4512,"nodeType":866},{},[4513],{"data":4514,"marks":4515,"value":4516,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are the upstream supply chain for a disproportionate share of the most damaging enterprise attacks — harvesting credentials, session cookies, and browser profile data en masse from infected devices, then selling the outputs on infostealer markets for use in credential stuffing, ATO, and ransomware campaigns.",{"data":4518,"content":4522,"nodeType":925},{"target":4519},{"sys":4520},{"id":4521,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5NF1afwu3zFGThZTtStVQA",[],{"data":4524,"content":4525,"nodeType":866},{},[4526],{"data":4527,"marks":4528,"value":4529,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is relevant at two points in the infostealer kill chain. First, delivery interception: ClickFix (covered in #6) is now the primary infostealer delivery mechanism, and the browser is the only layer that can intercept it before execution. Second, detecting stolen factors when attackers attempt to use them — and infostealers produce two categories of stolen factor that the browser can guard against.",{"data":4531,"content":4532,"nodeType":1049},{},[4533,4543],{"data":4534,"content":4535,"nodeType":1003},{},[4536],{"data":4537,"content":4538,"nodeType":866},{},[4539],{"data":4540,"marks":4541,"value":4542,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen credentials can be identified at the point of login: browser-layer detection flags credentials that appear in known breach datasets, catching infostealer-harvested passwords being replayed in credential stuffing campaigns before the account is compromised.",{"data":4544,"content":4545,"nodeType":1003},{},[4546],{"data":4547,"content":4548,"nodeType":866},{},[4549],{"data":4550,"marks":4551,"value":4552,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen session tokens are caught through a different mechanism: sessions originating in instrumented browsers carry a marker, and when a token subsequently appears in an un-instrumented browser it is a confirmed stolen session — catching infostealer-harvested cookies being replayed regardless of how or where the token was originally harvested.",{"data":4554,"content":4555,"nodeType":866},{},[4556,4560,4569,4573,4578],{"data":4557,"marks":4558,"value":4559,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is particularly critical for the ",{"data":4561,"content":4563,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4562},"https://www.verizon.com/business/en-gb/resources/reports/dbir/",[4564],{"data":4565,"marks":4566,"value":4568,"nodeType":865},{},[4567],{"type":961},"46% of infected devices that are unmanaged",{"data":4570,"marks":4571,"value":4572,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where EDR is absent and the stolen credentials and session tokens will never be detected at the endpoint. Infostealer ",{"data":4574,"marks":4575,"value":4577,"nodeType":865},{},[4576],{"type":944},"execution",{"data":4579,"marks":4580,"value":4581,"nodeType":865},{},[]," remains an endpoint problem; the browser closes the delivery and replay gaps that endpoint tools miss.",{"data":4583,"content":4584,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4586,"content":4587,"nodeType":963},{},[4588],{"data":4589,"marks":4590,"value":4592,"nodeType":865},{},[4591],{"type":961},"#10 — Data loss prevention: a key component of effective DLP, but not the full picture",{"data":4594,"content":4595,"nodeType":866},{},[4596],{"data":4597,"marks":4598,"value":4600,"nodeType":865},{},[4599],{"type":961},"Security value: Medium-high | Browser fit: Partial — complementary to dedicated DLP",{"data":4602,"content":4603,"nodeType":866},{},[4604],{"data":4605,"marks":4606,"value":4607,"nodeType":865},{},[],"File uploads to unsanctioned services, sensitive data pasted into AI tools, and exfiltration through personal accounts are genuine and growing risks that traditional email and endpoint-centric DLP tools were not designed to catch. Browser-layer controls provide real value here — particularly for BYOD users and contractors, where endpoint DLP agents cannot be deployed and the browser is the only available data loss visibility.",{"data":4609,"content":4610,"nodeType":866},{},[4611],{"data":4612,"marks":4613,"value":4614,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The honest scope: browser-layer DLP does not cover email-based loss, endpoint-to-endpoint transfers, or cloud API exfiltration. It closes specific and important gaps within a broader DLP strategy, not a replacement for one. A further distinction for organizations evaluating browser DLP for secure third-party access: full-stack enterprise browsers can enforce deeper output controls — watermarking, obfuscation, screenshot and print restrictions — at the OS rendering level that browser extensions cannot reliably replicate. Extension-based browser DLP is strongest for upload, input, and access control use cases rather than OS-level output restriction.",{"data":4616,"content":4617,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4619,"content":4620,"nodeType":963},{},[4621],{"data":4622,"marks":4623,"value":4625,"nodeType":865},{},[4624],{"type":961},"Tier 3 — Lower Value: A problem best addressed outside of the browser",{"data":4627,"content":4628,"nodeType":1049},{},[4629,4644,4659,4674],{"data":4630,"content":4631,"nodeType":1003},{},[4632],{"data":4633,"content":4634,"nodeType":866},{},[4635,4640],{"data":4636,"marks":4637,"value":4639,"nodeType":865},{},[4638],{"type":961},"Browser exploit protection",{"data":4641,"marks":4642,"value":4643,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (narrow RCE/sandbox sense) ranks lower because browser zero-days represent just 9% of all zero-days reported to Google, and 82% of attack detections are now malware-free (CrowdStrike 2026). This is a problem for browser vendors to solve, and it's not a big enough problem to warrant enterprises investing in additional mitigating controls.",{"data":4645,"content":4646,"nodeType":1003},{},[4647],{"data":4648,"content":4649,"nodeType":866},{},[4650,4655],{"data":4651,"marks":4652,"value":4654,"nodeType":865},{},[4653],{"type":961},"Domain and URL category controls",{"data":4656,"marks":4657,"value":4658,"nodeType":865},{},[]," offer genuine browser-layer value but are commoditized by SWG and DNS filtering tools most organizations already operate. This can be provided in the browser, sure (and it's something we do at Push) but offers limited security value in terms of making a difference against modern attacks that quickly rotate these kinds of indicators and are designed to blend in.",{"data":4660,"content":4661,"nodeType":1003},{},[4662],{"data":4663,"content":4664,"nodeType":866},{},[4665,4670],{"data":4666,"marks":4667,"value":4669,"nodeType":865},{},[4668],{"type":961},"Access management",{"data":4671,"marks":4672,"value":4673,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — ZTNA, VPN replacement, PAM, BYOD access control — is an IT infrastructure and access architecture problem, not a security operations problem, and belongs to a different buyer with a different evaluation frame. There are numerous (typically full-stack) Enterprise Browser solutions on the market that address IT use cases like this well.",{"data":4675,"content":4676,"nodeType":1003},{},[4677],{"data":4678,"content":4679,"nodeType":866},{},[4680,4684],{"data":4681,"marks":4682,"value":781,"nodeType":865},{},[4683],{"type":961},{"data":4685,"marks":4686,"value":4687,"nodeType":865},{},[]," addresses browser exploit risk rather than the identity-first attacks that represent the majority of current enterprise browser risk, and introduces UX friction that limits deployment at scale. When it triggers, it introduces latency but still fails to detect and stop browser-native attacks.",{"data":4689,"content":4690,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":4692,"content":4693,"nodeType":963},{},[4694],{"data":4695,"marks":4696,"value":4698,"nodeType":865},{},[4697],{"type":961},"How Push Security maps to the highest-value security use cases",{"data":4700,"content":4701,"nodeType":866},{},[4702],{"data":4703,"marks":4704,"value":4705,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push is purpose-built to address all of these problems using a flexible browser extension — plug into any browser with no migration, no host agent deployment, and no IT overhead — that delivers telemetry and control from day one, and extends coverage to every enrolled browser regardless of device ownership.",{"data":4707,"content":4708,"nodeType":2396},{},[4709,4734,4758,4782,4806,4830,4854,4878,4902,4926,4950,4974],{"data":4710,"content":4711,"nodeType":1869},{},[4712,4723],{"data":4713,"content":4714,"nodeType":1835},{},[4715],{"data":4716,"content":4717,"nodeType":866},{},[4718],{"data":4719,"marks":4720,"value":4722,"nodeType":865},{},[4721],{"type":961},"Security use case",{"data":4724,"content":4725,"nodeType":1835},{},[4726],{"data":4727,"content":4728,"nodeType":866},{},[4729],{"data":4730,"marks":4731,"value":4733,"nodeType":865},{},[4732],{"type":961},"How Push addresses it",{"data":4735,"content":4736,"nodeType":1869},{},[4737,4748],{"data":4738,"content":4739,"nodeType":1835},{},[4740],{"data":4741,"content":4742,"nodeType":866},{},[4743],{"data":4744,"marks":4745,"value":4747,"nodeType":865},{},[4746],{"type":961},"Account takeover prevention",{"data":4749,"content":4750,"nodeType":1835},{},[4751],{"data":4752,"content":4753,"nodeType":866},{},[4754],{"data":4755,"marks":4756,"value":4757,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Surfaces and fixes ghost logins, weak and breached credentials and missing MFA controls across every app and device — including shadow SaaS and unmanaged devices invisible to the IdP. Push also detects and stops the attack techniques that typically lead to ATO early in the kill chain and before an account can be compromised.",{"data":4759,"content":4760,"nodeType":1869},{},[4761,4772],{"data":4762,"content":4763,"nodeType":1835},{},[4764],{"data":4765,"content":4766,"nodeType":866},{},[4767],{"data":4768,"marks":4769,"value":4771,"nodeType":865},{},[4770],{"type":961},"Advanced phishing detection",{"data":4773,"content":4774,"nodeType":1835},{},[4775],{"data":4776,"content":4777,"nodeType":866},{},[4778],{"data":4779,"marks":4780,"value":4781,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Behavioral page analysis detects phishing kits regardless of whether the domain is known-bad. Credential entry guardrails block corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains. TTP-based detection remains effective as attacker infrastructure rotates.",{"data":4783,"content":4784,"nodeType":1869},{},[4785,4796],{"data":4786,"content":4787,"nodeType":1835},{},[4788],{"data":4789,"content":4790,"nodeType":866},{},[4791],{"data":4792,"marks":4793,"value":4795,"nodeType":865},{},[4794],{"type":961},"Identity posture hardening",{"data":4797,"content":4798,"nodeType":1835},{},[4799],{"data":4800,"content":4801,"nodeType":866},{},[4802],{"data":4803,"marks":4804,"value":4805,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Enforces MFA, strong credentials, and SSO adoption across every app the IdP doesn't manage. Produces continuous, auditable MFA coverage and credential hygiene evidence across the full application and device estate.",{"data":4807,"content":4808,"nodeType":1869},{},[4809,4820],{"data":4810,"content":4811,"nodeType":1835},{},[4812],{"data":4813,"content":4814,"nodeType":866},{},[4815],{"data":4816,"marks":4817,"value":4819,"nodeType":865},{},[4818],{"type":961},"Browser extension security",{"data":4821,"content":4822,"nodeType":1835},{},[4823],{"data":4824,"content":4825,"nodeType":866},{},[4826],{"data":4827,"marks":4828,"value":4829,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Live extension inventory with supply chain change event monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — rather than static risk scoring. Supports default-deny allowlisting and remote extension removal. Blocks known-bad malicious extensions automatically.",{"data":4831,"content":4832,"nodeType":1869},{},[4833,4844],{"data":4834,"content":4835,"nodeType":1835},{},[4836],{"data":4837,"content":4838,"nodeType":866},{},[4839],{"data":4840,"marks":4841,"value":4843,"nodeType":865},{},[4842],{"type":961},"Shadow SaaS and OAuth governance",{"data":4845,"content":4846,"nodeType":1835},{},[4847],{"data":4848,"content":4849,"nodeType":866},{},[4850],{"data":4851,"marks":4852,"value":4853,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Discovers shadow SaaS from actual login events with full authentication context. Monitors and blocks OAuth consent flows — including AI and MCP integrations — in real time before persistent access paths are created.",{"data":4855,"content":4856,"nodeType":1869},{},[4857,4868],{"data":4858,"content":4859,"nodeType":1835},{},[4860],{"data":4861,"content":4862,"nodeType":866},{},[4863],{"data":4864,"marks":4865,"value":4867,"nodeType":865},{},[4866],{"type":961},"ClickFix and the *Fix family",{"data":4869,"content":4870,"nodeType":1835},{},[4871],{"data":4872,"content":4873,"nodeType":866},{},[4874],{"data":4875,"marks":4876,"value":4877,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detects and blocks ClickFix lures, clipboard injection, and browser-native variants like ConsentFix in real time — before the payload executes or OAuth key material is captured.",{"data":4879,"content":4880,"nodeType":1869},{},[4881,4892],{"data":4882,"content":4883,"nodeType":1835},{},[4884],{"data":4885,"content":4886,"nodeType":866},{},[4887],{"data":4888,"marks":4889,"value":4891,"nodeType":865},{},[4890],{"type":961},"AI visibility & control",{"data":4893,"content":4894,"nodeType":1835},{},[4895],{"data":4896,"content":4897,"nodeType":866},{},[4898],{"data":4899,"marks":4900,"value":4901,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Enforces which AI tools employees can access and routes usage to corporate tenants. Governs AI browser extensions and blocks OAuth consent grants to unapproved AI applications — drawing on the same Tier 1 capabilities (OAuth governance, extension security, shadow SaaS discovery) that make this possible.",{"data":4903,"content":4904,"nodeType":1869},{},[4905,4916],{"data":4906,"content":4907,"nodeType":1835},{},[4908],{"data":4909,"content":4910,"nodeType":866},{},[4911],{"data":4912,"marks":4913,"value":4915,"nodeType":865},{},[4914],{"type":961},"Security investigations & incident response",{"data":4917,"content":4918,"nodeType":1835},{},[4919],{"data":4920,"content":4921,"nodeType":866},{},[4922],{"data":4923,"marks":4924,"value":4925,"nodeType":865},{},[],"High-fidelity session telemetry — page loads, credential entries, DOM changes, OAuth grants — fills the missing middle that endpoint, network, and IdP logs leave open. Feeds directly into SIEM and SOAR for automated response.",{"data":4927,"content":4928,"nodeType":1869},{},[4929,4940],{"data":4930,"content":4931,"nodeType":1835},{},[4932],{"data":4933,"content":4934,"nodeType":866},{},[4935],{"data":4936,"marks":4937,"value":4939,"nodeType":865},{},[4938],{"type":961},"Infostealer defense",{"data":4941,"content":4942,"nodeType":1835},{},[4943],{"data":4944,"content":4945,"nodeType":866},{},[4946],{"data":4947,"marks":4948,"value":4949,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Intercepts ClickFix-based infostealer delivery before execution. Detects token replay in unenrolled browser contexts — catching post-theft abuse from AiTM-sourced tokens and infostealer-harvested cookies, including from unmanaged devices.",{"data":4951,"content":4952,"nodeType":1869},{},[4953,4964],{"data":4954,"content":4955,"nodeType":1835},{},[4956],{"data":4957,"content":4958,"nodeType":866},{},[4959],{"data":4960,"marks":4961,"value":4963,"nodeType":865},{},[4962],{"type":961},"Data loss prevention",{"data":4965,"content":4966,"nodeType":1835},{},[4967],{"data":4968,"content":4969,"nodeType":866},{},[4970],{"data":4971,"marks":4972,"value":4973,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Observes file uploads, downloads, and sensitive data inputs across all applications. Extends data loss visibility to BYOD and contractor devices where endpoint DLP cannot reach.",{"data":4975,"content":4976,"nodeType":1869},{},[4977,4987],{"data":4978,"content":4979,"nodeType":1835},{},[4980],{"data":4981,"content":4982,"nodeType":866},{},[4983],{"data":4984,"marks":4985,"value":4654,"nodeType":865},{},[4986],{"type":961},{"data":4988,"content":4989,"nodeType":1835},{},[4990],{"data":4991,"content":4992,"nodeType":866},{},[4993],{"data":4994,"marks":4995,"value":4996,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Custom URL blocklists with wildcard support and REST API management for threat intelligence feed sync. Application category blocking restricts access to classes of apps (file-sharing, unsanctioned AI tools) configurable by user group. Domain categorization bringing SWG-style category blocking natively to the browser without a network proxy.",{"data":4998,"content":4999,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":5001,"content":5002,"nodeType":866},{},[5003,5007,5013],{"data":5004,"marks":5005,"value":5006,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. ",{"data":5008,"content":5009,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[5010],{"data":5011,"marks":5012,"value":2812,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":5014,"marks":5015,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The top 10 security problems you can solve in the browser — ranked by value","Ranking the security problems you can solve in the browser by security value and browser fit.","2026-05-14T00:00:00.000Z","the-top-10-security-problems-you-can-solve-in-the-browser-ranked-by-value",{"items":5021},[5022,5024],{"sys":5023,"name":297},{"id":2828},{"sys":5025,"name":2825},{"id":2824},{"items":5027},[5028],{"fullName":5029,"firstName":5030,"jobTitle":3776,"profilePicture":5031},"Alex Henshall","Alex",{"url":5032},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2rz3Pre3b1MexPIQ4hzPUe/0ef8a092b7e7df00fbce3f7d1ccb96d1/Alex_Henshall.jpeg","crossing-the-ai-security-chasm-sans-security-maturity-model","blog/crossing-the-ai-security-chasm-sans-security-maturity-model",{"json":5036},{"data":5037,"content":5038,"nodeType":1739},{},[5039],{"data":5040,"content":5041,"nodeType":866},{},[5042],{"data":5043,"marks":5044,"value":5045,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most organizations know they have an AI security problem. A new SANS framework shows why so few are making progress – and what it actually takes to get unstuck.","Most organizations know they have an AI security problem. A new SANS framework shows why so few are making progress - and what it actually takes to get unstuck.",{"id":5048,"publishedAt":5049},"6Xn377JQfbDz49Np74cbGl","2026-08-12T12:00:43.789Z",{"items":5051},[5052,5054],{"sys":5053,"name":297},{"id":2828},{"sys":5055,"name":2825},{"id":2824},{"items":5057},[5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082],{"sys":5059,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":5061,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":5063,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":5065,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":5067,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},{"sys":5069,"name":252,"slug":253,"tier":45},{"id":249},{"sys":5071,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":5073,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":5075,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":5077,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":5079,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":5081,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45},{"id":365},{"sys":5083,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},"9MwsjcrxUUVzXns3KGAsw5P2iaR5ftXXtYxjz2_kW4o",{"id":5086,"title":5087,"authorsCollection":5088,"content":5092,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":5637,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":5639,"metaTitle":5640,"ogImage":59,"postType":1783,"publishedDate":1784,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":5641,"slug":8387,"stem":8388,"subtitle":59,"summary":8389,"synopsis":8400,"sys":8401,"tagsCollection":8404,"topicsCollection":8411,"__hash__":8441},"blog/blog/why-your-training-budget-belongs-in-real-time-browser-security.json","Why your training budget belongs in real-time browser security",{"items":5089},[5090],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":5091},{"url":853},{"json":5093,"links":5602},{"data":5094,"content":5095,"nodeType":1739},{},[5096,5103,5110,5137,5143,5149,5157,5190,5197,5200,5208,5215,5256,5298,5317,5353,5369,5372,5380,5387,5404,5411,5417,5424,5430,5433,5441,5465,5472,5491,5498,5505,5534,5542,5549,5556,5563,5571,5574,5580,5586],{"data":5097,"content":5098,"nodeType":866},{},[5099],{"data":5100,"marks":5101,"value":5102,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The compliance email arrives on schedule: \"All employees must complete annual security awareness training by Friday.\" Across the organization, hundreds of employees skim through presentations about phishing emails, answer predictable quiz questions, and return to work feeling modestly more informed about cybersecurity.",{"data":5104,"content":5105,"nodeType":866},{},[5106],{"data":5107,"marks":5108,"value":5109,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Two weeks later, an employee in the marketing department — encouraged by the company's AI adoption initiative — searches Google for \"ChatGPT\" to access the tool they'd been told to start using. They click the top result, a sponsored ad pointing to a chatgpt.com URL. The page displays a professional-looking ChatGPT service disruption notice: \"We're experiencing high traffic right now. Download our desktop app to continue.\" They click the download button, which redirects to a pixel-perfect clone of ChatGPT's official download page. The file they install is an infostealer.",{"data":5111,"content":5112,"nodeType":866},{},[5113,5117,5124,5128,5133],{"data":5114,"marks":5115,"value":5116,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This scenario is fictional, but the campaign behind it isn't. Push researchers ",{"data":5118,"content":5119,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3135},[5120],{"data":5121,"marks":5122,"value":5123,"nodeType":865},{},[],"detected and blocked exactly this attack",{"data":5125,"marks":5126,"value":5127,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across multiple customer environments. The attackers had used ChatGPT's own code-rendering feature to build a fully designed fake service page hosted on chatgpt.com itself, then drove traffic to it through search ads targeting queries like \"chatgpt,\" \"chatgpt free,\" and common typos. The destination URL was genuine, and the page looked like a real system notice. Every URL reputation check in the world considers chatgpt.com safe, because it ",{"data":5129,"marks":5130,"value":5132,"nodeType":865},{},[5131],{"type":944},"is",{"data":5134,"marks":5135,"value":5136,"nodeType":865},{},[]," safe — except when an attacker builds a weapon inside it.",{"data":5138,"content":5142,"nodeType":925},{"target":5139},{"sys":5140},{"id":5141,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1GYWOyHpZT1rdTm6IGOKu8",[],{"data":5144,"content":5148,"nodeType":925},{"target":5145},{"sys":5146},{"id":5147,"type":922,"linkType":923},"33VcchmCetvLzSGcbazex3",[],{"data":5150,"content":5151,"nodeType":866},{},[5152],{"data":5153,"marks":5154,"value":5156,"nodeType":865},{},[5155],{"type":961},"No amount of training prepares someone to suspect a legitimate-looking page on a legitimate domain for a tool they've been explicitly told to use.",{"data":5158,"content":5159,"nodeType":866},{},[5160,5164,5173,5177,5186],{"data":5161,"marks":5162,"value":5163,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These scenarios aren’t unusual. We’ve covered ",{"data":5165,"content":5167,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5166},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-push-stopped-a-high-risk-linkedin-spear-phishing-attack/",[5168],{"data":5169,"marks":5170,"value":5172,"nodeType":865},{},[5171],{"type":997},"multiple campaigns",{"data":5174,"marks":5175,"value":5176,"nodeType":865},{},[]," involving ",{"data":5178,"content":5180,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5179},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/new-phishing-campaign-identified-targeting-linkedin-users/",[5181],{"data":5182,"marks":5183,"value":5185,"nodeType":865},{},[5184],{"type":997},"LinkedIn-delivered",{"data":5187,"marks":5188,"value":5189,"nodeType":865},{},[]," phishing attacks, where attackers compromised LinkedIn accounts and sent phishing links via direct message to first-degree connections — routing victims through trusted sites to a session-harvesting AITM page. The targets had every reason to trust the message: it came from someone they knew, on a platform they used daily for work.",{"data":5191,"content":5192,"nodeType":866},{},[5193],{"data":5194,"marks":5195,"value":5196,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These are the kinds of attacks that organizations are dealing with every single day. And that recent awareness training checkbox makes absolutely zero difference to the outcome. ",{"data":5198,"content":5199,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":5201,"content":5202,"nodeType":963},{},[5203],{"data":5204,"marks":5205,"value":5207,"nodeType":865},{},[5206],{"type":961},"What the research actually shows",{"data":5209,"content":5210,"nodeType":866},{},[5211],{"data":5212,"marks":5213,"value":5214,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The evidence on training effectiveness is more nuanced than either side of the debate usually admits — but the conclusion for security leaders is the same regardless of where you land.",{"data":5216,"content":5217,"nodeType":866},{},[5218,5222,5230,5234,5240,5244,5252],{"data":5219,"marks":5220,"value":5221,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A ",{"data":5223,"content":5225,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5224},"https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.19899",[5226],{"data":5227,"marks":5228,"value":5229,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2025 study from Purdue University",{"data":5231,"marks":5232,"value":5233,"nodeType":865},{},[]," involving 12,511 employees at a US fintech firm found that anti-phishing training produced no significant effect on click rates (p=0.450) or reporting rates (p=0.417), with effect sizes below 0.01 across every training modality tested. Trained employees actually clicked phishing links at a marginally ",{"data":5235,"marks":5236,"value":5239,"nodeType":865},{},[5237,5238],{"type":944},{"type":961},"higher",{"data":5241,"marks":5242,"value":5243,"nodeType":865},{},[]," rate (10.5%) than the untrained control group (9.8%). A ",{"data":5245,"content":5247,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5246},"https://www.cybersecuritydive.com/news/cybersecurity-awareness-training-research-flaws/803201/",[5248],{"data":5249,"marks":5250,"value":5251,"nodeType":865},{},[],"separate study of 19,789 personnel at UCSD Health",{"data":5253,"marks":5254,"value":5255,"nodeType":865},{},[],", published at IEEE S&P 2025, found that annual training combined with post-click exercises reduced click likelihood by just 2% — and that employees who completed static training actually had worse phishing failure rates. ",{"data":5257,"content":5258,"nodeType":866},{},[5259,5263,5271,5275,5283,5287,5294],{"data":5260,"marks":5261,"value":5262,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Training vendors ",{"data":5264,"content":5266,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5265},"https://hoxhunt.com/blog/the-wall-street-journal-got-it-wrong-phishing-simulations-work-when-done-right",[5267],{"data":5268,"marks":5269,"value":5270,"nodeType":865},{},[],"have argued",{"data":5272,"marks":5273,"value":5274,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that continuous, adaptive, gamified programs produce materially better results, and  a ",{"data":5276,"content":5278,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5277},"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167404823002742",[5279],{"data":5280,"marks":5281,"value":5282,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2024 meta-analysis",{"data":5284,"marks":5285,"value":5286,"nodeType":865},{},[]," supports the claim that active engagement and repeated practice improve outcomes where annual programs don't. The ",{"data":5288,"content":5289,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3240},[5290],{"data":5291,"marks":5292,"value":5293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Verizon DBIR 2025",{"data":5295,"marks":5296,"value":5297,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found that employees trained within the last 30 days were 4x more likely to report phishing than those trained earlier.",{"data":5299,"content":5300,"nodeType":866},{},[5301,5305,5313],{"data":5302,"marks":5303,"value":5304,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But here's the problem that even the best training program can't solve: Every one of these studies — and virtually every phishing simulation platform on the market — tests email-based phishing. The attacks driving the biggest breaches in 2026 don't arrive by email. They arrive through ",{"data":5306,"content":5308,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5307},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack/",[5309],{"data":5310,"marks":5311,"value":5312,"nodeType":865},{},[],"search engine ads",{"data":5314,"marks":5315,"value":5316,"nodeType":865},{},[],", social media DMs, shared AI chatbot pages on trusted domains, and legitimate OAuth consent flows. Continuous adaptive training may reduce email phishing click rates from 7% to 1.5%, but it has nothing to say about an employee who googles \"ChatGPT\" and lands on a malware delivery page hosted on chatgpt.com.",{"data":5318,"content":5319,"nodeType":866},{},[5320,5324,5332,5336,5344,5348],{"data":5321,"marks":5322,"value":5323,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The deeper issue is structural. Behavioral science calls it the ",{"data":5325,"content":5327,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5326},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_deficit_model",[5328],{"data":5329,"marks":5330,"value":5331,"nodeType":865},{},[],"information deficit model",{"data":5333,"marks":5334,"value":5335,"nodeType":865},{},[],": the assumption that people make risky decisions because they lack information, and that providing more information will fix the problem. This model has been ",{"data":5337,"content":5339,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5338},"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8201414/",[5340],{"data":5341,"marks":5342,"value":5343,"nodeType":865},{},[],"debunked across multiple domains",{"data":5345,"marks":5346,"value":5347,"nodeType":865},{},[],", from public health to environmental protection. ",{"data":5349,"marks":5350,"value":5352,"nodeType":865},{},[5351],{"type":961},"People routinely engage in behaviors they know are risky — not because they lack knowledge, but because immediate pressures outweigh abstract training from months ago.",{"data":5354,"content":5355,"nodeType":866},{},[5356,5360,5365],{"data":5357,"marks":5358,"value":5359,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Training can build security culture, help employees understand why controls exist, and create champions who influence peers - and these are important outcomes. What training ",{"data":5361,"marks":5362,"value":5364,"nodeType":865},{},[5363],{"type":944},"cannot",{"data":5366,"marks":5367,"value":5368,"nodeType":865},{},[]," reliably do is serve as a preventive control for split-second decisions made under cognitive load, time pressure, and competing priorities. To make matters worse, most organizations don't even attempt to measure whether it does. ",{"data":5370,"content":5371,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":5373,"content":5374,"nodeType":963},{},[5375],{"data":5376,"marks":5377,"value":5379,"nodeType":865},{},[5378],{"type":961},"The attacks training can't address",{"data":5381,"content":5382,"nodeType":866},{},[5383],{"data":5384,"marks":5385,"value":5386,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even if the training debate were settled — even if continuous adaptive programs reliably reduced email phishing click rates to near zero — the attacks driving the biggest breaches in 2026 don't look like anything a simulation platform tests for.",{"data":5388,"content":5389,"nodeType":866},{},[5390,5394,5400],{"data":5391,"marks":5392,"value":5393,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The LLMShare campaign described above used a genuine chatgpt.com domain to serve a fake page that looked like a routine system notice — no suspicious URL, no grammatical errors, and no visual tells. ClickFix attacks present as routine CAPTCHAs. ConsentFix operates entirely on legitimate Microsoft infrastructure. Device code phishing asks users to enter a code on a real app page. None of these attacks trigger the signals users were trained to look for, and ",{"data":5395,"marks":5396,"value":5399,"nodeType":865},{},[5397,5398],{"type":997},{"type":961},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads arrive via search engines",{"data":5401,"marks":5402,"value":5403,"nodeType":865},{},[],", not email.",{"data":5405,"content":5406,"nodeType":866},{},[5407],{"data":5408,"marks":5409,"value":5410,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are countless scenarios where users performing seemingly benign actions on plausible (or even legitimate) sites can result in a compromise. ",{"data":5412,"content":5416,"nodeType":925},{"target":5413},{"sys":5414},{"id":5415,"type":922,"linkType":923},"29vUtbEUam8fhbwnQdINRJ",[],{"data":5418,"content":5419,"nodeType":866},{},[5420],{"data":5421,"marks":5422,"value":5423,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The lesson isn't that employees are incompetent. It's that the attack surface is too broad, the delivery channels are too varied, and the social engineering too convincing for training to function as a primary control — regardless of how it's designed. ",{"data":5425,"content":5429,"nodeType":925},{"target":5426},{"sys":5427},{"id":5428,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7zH48txL9ToiUlgLBHrkng",[],{"data":5431,"content":5432,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":5434,"content":5435,"nodeType":963},{},[5436],{"data":5437,"marks":5438,"value":5440,"nodeType":865},{},[5439],{"type":961},"Real-time intervention where attacks execute",{"data":5442,"content":5443,"nodeType":866},{},[5444,5448,5453,5461],{"data":5445,"marks":5446,"value":5447,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is where every phishing attack, credential-harvesting attempt, and social engineering campaign ultimately executes — and where ",{"data":5449,"marks":5450,"value":5452,"nodeType":865},{},[5451],{"type":961},"89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days, ",{"data":5454,"content":5456,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5455},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-case-for-best-of-breed-browser-security/",[5457],{"data":5458,"marks":5459,"value":5460,"nodeType":865},{},[],"95% of attacks use bot protection to defeat automated scanners",{"data":5462,"marks":5463,"value":5464,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and traditional security architectures have a structural blind spot. ",{"data":5466,"content":5467,"nodeType":866},{},[5468],{"data":5469,"marks":5470,"value":5471,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Network tools see encrypted traffic. Endpoint agents see processes and files. Email security sees messages in transit. None of them can intervene when a user is about to enter credentials into a fake login page.",{"data":5473,"content":5474,"nodeType":866},{},[5475,5479,5487],{"data":5476,"marks":5477,"value":5478,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser-based detection and response addresses both the prevention gap and the training gap simultaneously. As a technical control, Push ",{"data":5480,"content":5482,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5481},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/guide-how-to-use-push-controls-to-protect-your-users-from-modern-attacks/",[5483],{"data":5484,"marks":5485,"value":5486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"detects and blocks phishing pages behaviorally",{"data":5488,"marks":5489,"value":5490,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — including AiTM kits, cloned login forms, device code phishing pages, and ClickFix malicious-copy-and-paste events — in real time, regardless of whether the domain is brand-new or the phishing page was delivered via email, social media, or a search ad. ",{"data":5492,"content":5493,"nodeType":866},{},[5494],{"data":5495,"marks":5496,"value":5497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push stops the attack as it happens, in real time, before a compromise occurs.",{"data":5499,"content":5500,"nodeType":866},{},[5501],{"data":5502,"marks":5503,"value":5504,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a contextual education mechanism, Push provides immediate, in-browser feedback when a user encounters a threat — explaining why access was blocked and creating teachable moments at the point of need rather than months before. 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Process execution, memory behavior, file system changes: all of it under real-time scrutiny from an agent that never sleeps. Getting in through the endpoint is expensive, noisy, and increasingly not worth the effort.",{"data":8472,"content":8473,"nodeType":866},{},[8474],{"data":8475,"marks":8476,"value":8477,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So attackers expanded their focus. ",{"data":8479,"content":8480,"nodeType":866},{},[8481],{"data":8482,"marks":8483,"value":8484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is the logical target. It's where work happens now. Authentication, data access, application administration, sensitive file handling — all of it inside a browser tab, with no real security instrumentation, no behavioral detection, and no one paying attention. ",{"data":8486,"content":8487,"nodeType":866},{},[8488],{"data":8489,"marks":8490,"value":8491,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The endpoint got Falcon, Defender, Singularity, Cortex, etc. The browser didn't. And the economics made the choice obvious: a PhaaS kit that proxies credentials and steals session tokens costs about $1k a year, a credential list off a dark web marketplace runs $15, and an admin-level account from an initial access broker goes for a few thousand dollars. None of those require getting past an endpoint agent.",{"data":8493,"content":8494,"nodeType":866},{},[8495,8499,8508],{"data":8496,"marks":8497,"value":8498,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've written before about ",{"data":8500,"content":8502,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8501},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/push-plus-endpoint-security",[8503],{"data":8504,"marks":8505,"value":8507,"nodeType":865},{},[8506],{"type":997},"how Push and endpoint security fit together",{"data":8509,"marks":8510,"value":8511,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and how the two layers complement each other. This post goes further into why succeeding at securing the endpoint isn't enough on its own, and why the gap between what EDR sees and what actually happens in the browser is exactly where attackers have built their playbook.",{"data":8513,"content":8514,"nodeType":866},{},[8515,8518,8526],{"data":8516,"marks":8517,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8519,"content":8520,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1362},[8521],{"data":8522,"marks":8523,"value":8525,"nodeType":865},{},[8524],{"type":997},"82% of attack detections are now malware-free",{"data":8527,"marks":8528,"value":8529,"nodeType":865},{},[],", according to CrowdStrike's 2026 Global Threat Report, and that's not because attackers got more sophisticated. If anything, the barrier to entry is considerably lower now. It's because they got smarter about where to target their efforts.",{"data":8531,"content":8532,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":8534,"content":8535,"nodeType":963},{},[8536],{"data":8537,"marks":8538,"value":8540,"nodeType":865},{},[8539],{"type":961},"What EDR actually sees",{"data":8542,"content":8543,"nodeType":866},{},[8544],{"data":8545,"marks":8546,"value":8547,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Before behavioral detection, defense meant chasing known-bad indicators: a malicious hash was identified, it got blocked, the attacker changed the hash, and the cycle repeated indefinitely. EDR broke that dynamic by running an agent inside the operating system and watching what actually happened on the host — process execution, file system changes, memory behavior, registry modifications.",{"data":8549,"content":8550,"nodeType":866},{},[8551,8554,8562],{"data":8552,"marks":8553,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8555,"content":8557,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8556},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters/",[8558],{"data":8559,"marks":8560,"value":8561,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Pyramid of Pain",{"data":8563,"marks":8564,"value":8565,"nodeType":865},{},[]," explains why this worked. Tools and indicators at the bottom of the pyramid are trivially easy for attackers to rotate, while behavioral TTPs at the top are expensive to change. EDR moved detection up the pyramid, which is why fileless attacks, living-off-the-land techniques, and lateral movement started getting caught. It's also why attackers shifted their focus away from the OS.",{"data":8567,"content":8571,"nodeType":925},{"target":8568},{"sys":8569},{"id":8570,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2N04ycJ6RKGfHdX5X1TwU3",[],{"data":8573,"content":8574,"nodeType":866},{},[8575,8579,8587],{"data":8576,"marks":8577,"value":8578,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All of that visibility ends at the browser boundary. From the EDR agent's perspective, Chrome is a well-behaved process. It opens, connects to the internet, does browser things. The agent can see the process, but it can't see which tab is open, what the page is rendering, what scripts are executing, or whether the login form the user just submitted was real or a convincing ",{"data":8580,"content":8582,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8581},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/2025-top-phishing-trends/",[8583],{"data":8584,"marks":8585,"value":8586,"nodeType":865},{},[],"cloned page",{"data":8588,"marks":8589,"value":8590,"nodeType":865},{},[],". It doesn't know whether the session token that just got issued is about to leave the organization.",{"data":8592,"content":8593,"nodeType":866},{},[8594],{"data":8595,"marks":8596,"value":8597,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For browser-based attacks, EDR registers nothing unusual, because nothing unusual happened at the OS layer. EDR worked — but the attackers worked around it.",{"data":8599,"content":8600,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":8602,"content":8603,"nodeType":963},{},[8604],{"data":8605,"marks":8606,"value":8608,"nodeType":865},{},[8607],{"type":961},"The attack surface has moved beyond the endpoint",{"data":8610,"content":8611,"nodeType":866},{},[8612],{"data":8613,"marks":8614,"value":8615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers didn't stumble into the browser. They moved there deliberately, and the tooling reflects it.",{"data":8617,"content":8618,"nodeType":866},{},[8619],{"data":8620,"marks":8621,"value":8622,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The numbers tell the story. PhaaS-driven account compromise surged 389% year-over-year according to eSentire. Fake CAPTCHA lures used in ClickFix attacks increased 563% in 2025, according to CrowdStrike, and ClickFix is now the most common initial access vector observed by Microsoft, accounting for 47% of attacks. ",{"data":8624,"content":8625,"nodeType":866},{},[8626],{"data":8627,"marks":8628,"value":8629,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We see it too; in a single 30-day proof-of-value deployment at a financial services organization, Push detected 6 ClickFix attacks and 10 AiTM phishing attempts that were invisible to the existing security stack.",{"data":8631,"content":8632,"nodeType":866},{},[8633],{"data":8634,"marks":8635,"value":8636,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These aren't niche techniques. They're the dominant playbook, and none of them need to touch the endpoint to succeed, or for an attacker to achieve their goals.",{"data":8638,"content":8639,"nodeType":1458},{},[8640],{"data":8641,"marks":8642,"value":261,"nodeType":865},{},[8643],{"type":961},{"data":8645,"content":8646,"nodeType":866},{},[8647,8650,8658],{"data":8648,"marks":8649,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8651,"content":8653,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8652},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/adversary-in-the-middle-attacks",[8654],{"data":8655,"marks":8656,"value":8657,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM phishing kits",{"data":8659,"marks":8660,"value":8661,"nodeType":865},{},[]," render a convincing login page inside the browser, proxy the authentication in real time, and lift the session token as it passes through. The user completes what feels like a normal login; the attacker gets a valid session. The OS saw a browser connecting to a website.",{"data":8663,"content":8664,"nodeType":1458},{},[8665],{"data":8666,"marks":8667,"value":571,"nodeType":865},{},[8668],{"type":961},{"data":8670,"content":8671,"nodeType":866},{},[8672,8675,8682],{"data":8673,"marks":8674,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8676,"content":8678,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8677},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/session-hijacking",[8679],{"data":8680,"marks":8681,"value":571,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8683,"marks":8684,"value":8685,"nodeType":865},{},[]," skips authentication entirely by targeting an existing session. By stealing and replaying a token acquired by an infostealer, or a malicious browser extension, they can import the session into their own browser and continue using it — there's no password prompt, no MFA challenge, no re-authentication. The session blends into normal browser activity and generates nothing an endpoint agent was built to catch.",{"data":8687,"content":8688,"nodeType":1458},{},[8689],{"data":8690,"marks":8691,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[8692],{"type":961},{"data":8694,"content":8695,"nodeType":866},{},[8696,8699,8705],{"data":8697,"marks":8698,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8700,"content":8701,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[8702],{"data":8703,"marks":8704,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8706,"marks":8707,"value":8708,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is harder to spot, because the user authenticates on a legitimate identity provider page. The attacker initiates a device authorization flow and tricks the user into entering a code on the real Microsoft (or Google or GitHub) login page. The IdP issues a valid token. The phishing happened before the authentication page even loaded, and the session token goes straight to the attacker. Push has documented a 37x increase in device code phishing attacks this year, with 12+ unique kits now offering the technique.",{"data":8710,"content":8711,"nodeType":1458},{},[8712],{"data":8713,"marks":8714,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[8715],{"type":961},{"data":8717,"content":8718,"nodeType":866},{},[8719,8722,8729],{"data":8720,"marks":8721,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8723,"content":8725,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8724},"https://pushsecurity.com/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/clickfix-fix-variants",[8726],{"data":8727,"marks":8728,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8730,"marks":8731,"value":8732,"nodeType":865},{},[]," takes a different approach: the lure tricks the user into copying a malicious payload to their clipboard and running it themselves, framed as a verification step or a fix for a page that won't load. It's social engineering dressed up as a CAPTCHA. Unlike the attacks above, ClickFix is a hybrid — the delivery and lure happen in the browser, but the payload executes on the endpoint. That split is important when we get to how the detection layers divide.",{"data":8734,"content":8735,"nodeType":866},{},[8736],{"data":8737,"marks":8738,"value":8739,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacks look different on the surface, but the design principle is the same: stay out of the OS, stay inside the browser, and stay invisible to every tool that's watching the endpoint.",{"data":8741,"content":8742,"nodeType":866},{},[8743,8747,8753,8757,8765],{"data":8744,"marks":8745,"value":8746,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once access to an app is established via a compromised identity, attackers can also achieve their goals without touching the endpoint. Most of the time, this involves data theft and extortion, but adversaries like ",{"data":8748,"content":8749,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4236},[8750],{"data":8751,"marks":8752,"value":4241,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":8754,"marks":8755,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and ",{"data":8758,"content":8760,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8759},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters/",[8761],{"data":8762,"marks":8763,"value":8764,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Spider",{"data":8766,"marks":8767,"value":8768,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are also experts in cloud-based disruption and destruction techniques — with no ransomware binary dropped to user endpoints for an EDR agent to intercept. ",{"data":8770,"content":8774,"nodeType":925},{"target":8771},{"sys":8772},{"id":8773,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4eZcjfuT34oQoKIZAsZCr4",[],{"data":8776,"content":8777,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":8779,"content":8780,"nodeType":963},{},[8781],{"data":8782,"marks":8783,"value":8785,"nodeType":865},{},[8784],{"type":961},"The EDR you're using doesn't change the result",{"data":8787,"content":8788,"nodeType":866},{},[8789],{"data":8790,"marks":8791,"value":8792,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The constraint isn't vendor-specific. Every EDR's observation model stops at the OS layer because that's where the agent sits. What happens inside a browser session is outside that model by design. A better EDR doesn't close the gap; a different layer does.",{"data":8794,"content":8795,"nodeType":1458},{},[8796],{"data":8797,"marks":8798,"value":8800,"nodeType":865},{},[8799],{"type":961},"Reputation-based filtering falls short too",{"data":8802,"content":8803,"nodeType":866},{},[8804,8808,8815,8819,8827],{"data":8805,"marks":8806,"value":8807,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Some platforms add URL filtering or domain reputation checks at the browser boundary, and that narrows the surface somewhat. But reputation-based filtering hits the same wall against PhaaS infrastructure engineered to rotate domains before reputation databases catch up. ",{"data":8809,"content":8810,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4011},[8811],{"data":8812,"marks":8813,"value":8814,"nodeType":865},{},[],"89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days",{"data":8816,"marks":8817,"value":8818,"nodeType":865},{},[],". A reputation engine can't flag infrastructure it hasn't seen, and ",{"data":8820,"content":8822,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8821},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-detection-evasion-launch/",[8823],{"data":8824,"marks":8825,"value":8826,"nodeType":865},{},[],"modern phishing operations",{"data":8828,"marks":8829,"value":8830,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are designed around that window.",{"data":8832,"content":8833,"nodeType":1458},{},[8834],{"data":8835,"marks":8836,"value":8838,"nodeType":865},{},[8837],{"type":961},"Some vendors recognize the problem",{"data":8840,"content":8841,"nodeType":866},{},[8842],{"data":8843,"marks":8844,"value":8845,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The market has started to acknowledge this. CrowdStrike's acquisition of Seraphic is a direct signal that endpoint vendors see the browser gap and want to close it, and it validates what we've been building here at Push since day one. That's a good thing for defenders — the more coverage at this layer, the better.",{"data":8847,"content":8848,"nodeType":866},{},[8849],{"data":8850,"marks":8851,"value":8852,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But endpoint vendors see the world through the endpoint. Their platforms, their telemetry models, and their detection logic are all structured around what happens at the OS layer. When they acquire browser capability, it gets pulled into that orbit. Seraphic was built to detect browser exploits by injecting into the browser's JavaScript runtime from the OS. ",{"data":8854,"content":8855,"nodeType":1458},{},[8856],{"data":8857,"marks":8858,"value":8860,"nodeType":865},{},[8859],{"type":961},"Attacks in vs. on the browser: why this distinction matters",{"data":8862,"content":8863,"nodeType":866},{},[8864,8868,8876,8880,8885,8889,8897],{"data":8865,"marks":8866,"value":8867,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In other words, ",{"data":8869,"content":8871,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8870},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-to-avoid-the-browser-security-buyers-trap/",[8872],{"data":8873,"marks":8874,"value":8875,"nodeType":865},{},[],"their focus is on attacks on the browser itself",{"data":8877,"marks":8878,"value":8879,"nodeType":865},{},[],", rather than those happening ",{"data":8881,"marks":8882,"value":8884,"nodeType":865},{},[8883],{"type":944},"inside",{"data":8886,"marks":8887,"value":8888,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the browser session. That's a meaningful capability, but it's a different problem from detecting the identity attacks that dominate the threat landscape today — AiTM phishing, session hijacking, OAuth consent abuse, ClickFix — where the attacker never triggers an exploit and the browser works exactly as designed. We've written in detail aboutwhy that ",{"data":8890,"content":8891,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8870},[8892],{"data":8893,"marks":8894,"value":8896,"nodeType":865},{},[8895],{"type":997},"architectural distinction matters",{"data":8898,"marks":8899,"value":8900,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for buyers evaluating the category.",{"data":8902,"content":8906,"nodeType":925},{"target":8903},{"sys":8904},{"id":8905,"type":922,"linkType":923},"37815BxUTO55avL4molrA5",[],{"data":8908,"content":8909,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":8911,"content":8912,"nodeType":963},{},[8913],{"data":8914,"marks":8915,"value":8917,"nodeType":865},{},[8916],{"type":961},"What browser-native detection actually looks like",{"data":8919,"content":8920,"nodeType":866},{},[8921],{"data":8922,"marks":8923,"value":8924,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Network tools and reputation engines see where a user went and whether the destination had a known-bad reputation. What they can't see is what happened on the page once the user got there — whether the login form was real or a proxied clone, whether a session token was issued and where it went next.",{"data":8926,"content":8927,"nodeType":1458},{},[8928],{"data":8929,"marks":8930,"value":8932,"nodeType":865},{},[8931],{"type":961},"Why network-layer detection can't keep up",{"data":8934,"content":8935,"nodeType":866},{},[8936],{"data":8937,"marks":8938,"value":8939,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At the network layer, a brand-new domain hosting a pixel-perfect Microsoft login page is indistinguishable from the real thing. There's no signal to act on — the domain is in good standing, the TLS cert is valid, and the traffic looks normal.",{"data":8941,"content":8942,"nodeType":866},{},[8943],{"data":8944,"marks":8945,"value":8946,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But it's not as simple as looking at the page itself. The phishing pages attackers are building now don't look like the clone-and-paste jobs of a few years ago. Attackers are vibe-coding imitations where the AI has constructed the page from scratch — visually identical to the real login page, but with a completely different underlying structure. They look the same to the user and to any tool doing a surface-level comparison. You need to understand how credential-harvesting mechanics actually work, how authentication relay is structured, and what behavioral fingerprints phishing kits leave behind regardless of how the page was built.",{"data":8948,"content":8949,"nodeType":1458},{},[8950],{"data":8951,"marks":8952,"value":8954,"nodeType":865},{},[8953],{"type":961},"How Push detects what others miss",{"data":8956,"content":8957,"nodeType":866},{},[8958],{"data":8959,"marks":8960,"value":8961,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That's where Push's visibility and expertise intersect. Running inside the browser, Push sees DOM structure, script behavior, how credential forms are constructed, and how authentication is being relayed. Phishing attacks leave consistent behavioral fingerprints at this level regardless of what domain they're hosted on, which kit family they belong to, or whether the page was hand-coded or vibe-coded in minutes. Push catches attacks built on infrastructure that's never appeared on any blocklist, because it isn't looking at the infrastructure. It's looking at what the page is doing.",{"data":8963,"content":8964,"nodeType":1458},{},[8965],{"data":8966,"marks":8967,"value":8969,"nodeType":865},{},[8968],{"type":961},"Where the detection layers divide",{"data":8971,"content":8972,"nodeType":866},{},[8973],{"data":8974,"marks":8975,"value":8976,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix illustrates how the layers split. Push identifies the page behavior delivering the lure and analyzes the clipboard payload before the user runs it — two detection points, both inside the browser, both before anything reaches the endpoint. EDR's window opens after execution. Push and EDR are watching the same attack from opposite ends of the kill chain.",{"data":8978,"content":8979,"nodeType":1458},{},[8980],{"data":8981,"marks":8982,"value":8984,"nodeType":865},{},[8983],{"type":961},"Keeping pace with AI-accelerated attacks",{"data":8986,"content":8987,"nodeType":866},{},[8988],{"data":8989,"marks":8990,"value":8991,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That detection model has to keep pace with an attack surface that's evolving at machine speed. Attackers are using AI to vibe-code phishing kits, generate convincing cloned pages, and rotate infrastructure faster than any human team can track.",{"data":8993,"content":8994,"nodeType":866},{},[8995,8999,9006,9010,9015],{"data":8996,"marks":8997,"value":8998,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push matches that pace with an ",{"data":9000,"content":9001,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3643},[9002],{"data":9003,"marks":9004,"value":9005,"nodeType":865},{},[],"agentic threat hunting pipeline",{"data":9007,"marks":9008,"value":9009,"nodeType":865},{},[],": autonomous agents hunt continuously across browser telemetry from over ",{"data":9011,"marks":9012,"value":9014,"nodeType":865},{},[9013],{"type":961},"3 million browsers worldwide",{"data":9016,"marks":9017,"value":9018,"nodeType":865},{},[],", develop hypotheses, analyze traces, and write detection rules without waiting for human initiation. Push's in-house threat researchers feed the agents the context they need — years of accumulated knowledge about how browser-based attacks actually work. The agents operationalize that expertise at a scale and speed no human team could sustain alone.",{"data":9020,"content":9024,"nodeType":925},{"target":9021},{"sys":9022},{"id":9023,"type":922,"linkType":923},"27crXZtdoKOl08wDzLFnBO",[],{"data":9026,"content":9027,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":9029,"content":9030,"nodeType":963},{},[9031],{"data":9032,"marks":9033,"value":9035,"nodeType":865},{},[9034],{"type":961},"Two layers that fit together",{"data":9037,"content":9038,"nodeType":866},{},[9039],{"data":9040,"marks":9041,"value":9042,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser detection and endpoint detection cover different surfaces. Together they close the gap.",{"data":9044,"content":9045,"nodeType":1458},{},[9046],{"data":9047,"marks":9048,"value":9050,"nodeType":865},{},[9049],{"type":961},"Response at the speed of the attack",{"data":9052,"content":9053,"nodeType":866},{},[9054],{"data":9055,"marks":9056,"value":9057,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push doesn't just detect — the detection comes with response built in. Phishing pages are blocked before credentials are submitted. Malicious clipboard payloads are intercepted before the user can run them. Suspicious OAuth consent grants are flagged or blocked in real time, before the authorization completes. These aren't after-the-fact alerts that require an analyst to act; they're inline controls that operate at the speed of the attack.",{"data":9059,"content":9060,"nodeType":866},{},[9061],{"data":9062,"marks":9063,"value":9064,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For purely browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, device code phishing, and OAuth consent abuse, Push is both the detection and the response layer. For ClickFix, the coverage divides: Push catches the delivery and the clipboard payload, and if the user runs it and something lands on the OS, EDR picks up what happens next.",{"data":9066,"content":9067,"nodeType":1458},{},[9068],{"data":9069,"marks":9070,"value":9072,"nodeType":865},{},[9071],{"type":961},"The telemetry bridge",{"data":9074,"content":9075,"nodeType":866},{},[9076],{"data":9077,"marks":9078,"value":9079,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The integration with endpoint tooling is straightforward. Push feeds browser telemetry into the same SIEM and XDR workflows endpoint data already flows into.",{"data":9081,"content":9082,"nodeType":866},{},[9083],{"data":9084,"marks":9085,"value":9086,"nodeType":865},{},[],"EDR tells you what happened on the host. Push tells you what happened in the session before the host was involved — which login page loaded, how it behaved, whether a session token left the organization. That's the causal link most investigation timelines are missing: the bridge between \"a user visited a URL\" and \"credentials were submitted to a phishing page that proxied authentication and captured the session token.\"",{"data":9088,"content":9089,"nodeType":866},{},[9090],{"data":9091,"marks":9092,"value":9093,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Without browser-layer telemetry, that chain of events is invisible — the EDR sees normal endpoint processes and the SIEM sees a successful login. An alert from either layer is more useful with context from the other, and the range of problems you can solve from inside the browser extends well beyond threat detection.",{"data":9095,"content":9096,"nodeType":1458},{},[9097],{"data":9098,"marks":9099,"value":9101,"nodeType":865},{},[9100],{"type":961},"Deployment without disruption",{"data":9103,"content":9104,"nodeType":866},{},[9105],{"data":9106,"marks":9107,"value":9108,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Operationally, adding the browser layer doesn't mean adding complexity. Push deploys as a browser extension — no network changes, no TLS inspection, no browser replacement, and no impact on page load times or browsing performance.",{"data":9110,"content":9111,"nodeType":866},{},[9112],{"data":9113,"marks":9114,"value":9115,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unlike approaches that route traffic through a proxy or render pages remotely, Push operates natively inside the browser session, which means there's no latency penalty and no disruption to how employees work. 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Ask a CISO how they measure risk for credential compromise and other account takeover attacks, and the answer will probably include one or more of the following: a risk assessment, a whiteboard, and a room full of smart people making educated guesses about attack frequency and control strength. ",{"data":10194,"content":10195,"nodeType":866},{},[10196,10200,10208],{"data":10197,"marks":10198,"value":10199,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That isn't a criticism — for most risk scenarios, expert elicitation is the best (and most convenient) available method. Breach cost data is sparse, threat actor behavior is unpredictable, and internal incident history is (ideally!) a limited sample. Quantitative risk frameworks like ",{"data":10201,"content":10203,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10202},"https://www.fairinstitute.org/",[10204],{"data":10205,"marks":10206,"value":10207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"FAIR",{"data":10209,"marks":10210,"value":10211,"nodeType":865},{},[]," give structure to that uncertainty, but they can't conjure data that just doesn't exist.",{"data":10213,"content":10214,"nodeType":866},{},[10215,10219,10224],{"data":10216,"marks":10217,"value":10218,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The results are usually estimates with wide confidence intervals and loss distributions that appear precise, but are hard to defend to a CFO or a board. Finance leaders have seen Monte Carlo simulations before; the capable ones will challenge the quality of the outputs if they doubt the quality of the inputs. ",{"data":10220,"marks":10221,"value":10223,"nodeType":865},{},[10222],{"type":961},"But with the right telemetry, we can get both",{"data":10225,"marks":10226,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10228,"content":10229,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":10231,"content":10232,"nodeType":963},{},[10233],{"data":10234,"marks":10235,"value":10237,"nodeType":865},{},[10236],{"type":961},"Why the identity attack surface is uniquely measurable",{"data":10239,"content":10240,"nodeType":866},{},[10241,10245,10250],{"data":10242,"marks":10243,"value":10244,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've written extensively about the shift to identity as a primary attack vector — and the evidence continues to stack up. Credential phishing, device code phishing, ClickFix, adversary-in-the-middle attacks, session hijacking, and SaaS account compromise now account for the majority of breach entry points in most enterprise environments. But the silver lining here is that this shift has created something valuable for risk quantification: ",{"data":10246,"marks":10247,"value":10249,"nodeType":865},{},[10248],{"type":944},"a highly observable threat surface",{"data":10251,"marks":10252,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10254,"content":10255,"nodeType":866},{},[10256,10260,10268],{"data":10257,"marks":10258,"value":10259,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity attacks execute ",{"data":10261,"content":10262,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3620},[10263],{"data":10264,"marks":10265,"value":10267,"nodeType":865},{},[10266],{"type":997},"in the browser",{"data":10269,"marks":10270,"value":10271,"nodeType":865},{},[],". They leave traces in authentication flows, login behaviors, OAuth integrations, extension activity, and SaaS access patterns — all of which are captured in real time by the Push extension. Unlike network or endpoint attacks, where the signal is often binary and retroactive, browser-based identity threats generate continuous, high-frequency telemetry that maps directly onto the inputs that drive quantitative risk models.",{"data":10273,"content":10274,"nodeType":866},{},[10275,10279,10284,10288,10293],{"data":10276,"marks":10277,"value":10278,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This telemetry directly informs the hardest inputs in any quantitative risk model. One is ",{"data":10280,"marks":10281,"value":10283,"nodeType":865},{},[10282],{"type":961},"Threat Event Frequency (TEF)",{"data":10285,"marks":10286,"value":10287,"nodeType":865},{},[],": how often a threat agent acts against an asset in a given period. For identity risks, this can be answered in how many credential phishing attempts reached your users across all delivery channels (social media, email, malvertising, etc.), or how frequently your users authorize malicious or compromised SaaS apps. Browser-level telemetry can answer these questions with ",{"data":10289,"marks":10290,"value":10292,"nodeType":865},{},[10291],{"type":944},"observed",{"data":10294,"marks":10295,"value":10296,"nodeType":865},{},[]," data rather than industry lookups and general benchmarks. ",{"data":10298,"content":10302,"nodeType":925},{"target":10299},{"sys":10300},{"id":10301,"type":922,"linkType":923},"EvjT68MCWW7nz5q86xe8S",[],{"data":10304,"content":10305,"nodeType":866},{},[10306,10310,10315],{"data":10307,"marks":10308,"value":10309,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The other input to risk modeling that's difficult to express in concrete terms is ",{"data":10311,"marks":10312,"value":10314,"nodeType":865},{},[10313],{"type":961},"vulnerability",{"data":10316,"marks":10317,"value":10318,"nodeType":865},{},[],": the probability a threat becomes a loss event or, more specifically, how likely it is that your controls will fail. ",{"data":10320,"content":10321,"nodeType":866},{},[10322,10326,10334,10338,10346],{"data":10323,"marks":10324,"value":10325,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is where browser telemetry gets especially concrete. ",{"data":10327,"content":10329,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10328},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/",[10330],{"data":10331,"marks":10332,"value":10333,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Analysis of login telemetry across Push-monitored environments",{"data":10335,"marks":10336,"value":10337,"nodeType":865},{},[]," shows that 1 in 4 logins are still password-only (not SSO), 2 in 5 are not protected by MFA, and 1 in 5 use a weak, breached, or reused password. Many of these logins occur outside the visibility of a central IdP platform like Microsoft, Google or Okta — the result of downstream ",{"data":10339,"content":10341,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10340},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you/",[10342],{"data":10343,"marks":10344,"value":10345,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ghost logins",{"data":10347,"marks":10348,"value":10349,"nodeType":865},{},[],". ",{"data":10351,"content":10355,"nodeType":925},{"target":10352},{"sys":10353},{"id":10354,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5GctExdVGjHRwKifiP00Fp",[],{"data":10357,"content":10361,"nodeType":925},{"target":10358},{"sys":10359},{"id":10360,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2mWToHCJcuB9FMwxxzd67F",[],{"data":10363,"content":10364,"nodeType":866},{},[10365,10369,10374],{"data":10366,"marks":10367,"value":10368,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In a FAIR-based model, TEF and vulnerability together determine ",{"data":10370,"marks":10371,"value":10373,"nodeType":865},{},[10372],{"type":961},"loss event frequency",{"data":10375,"marks":10376,"value":10377,"nodeType":865},{},[],": the foundational driver of the entire risk calculation. Using telemetry from your own environment as the basis for these calculations makes them far more accurate, and more likely to stand up to scrutiny.",{"data":10379,"content":10380,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":10382,"content":10383,"nodeType":963},{},[10384],{"data":10385,"marks":10386,"value":10388,"nodeType":865},{},[10387],{"type":961},"The attack surface is bigger than most models assume",{"data":10390,"content":10391,"nodeType":866},{},[10392],{"data":10393,"marks":10394,"value":10395,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the consistent failures in identity risk modeling is the tendency to model risks defenders can see, and leave the rest off the balance sheet. These omissions create a systematic understatement of exposure that browser-based telemetry can offset.",{"data":10397,"content":10398,"nodeType":1458},{},[10399],{"data":10400,"marks":10401,"value":10403,"nodeType":865},{},[10402],{"type":961},"Shadow AI and OAuth sprawl",{"data":10405,"content":10406,"nodeType":866},{},[10407,10410,10418],{"data":10408,"marks":10409,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10411,"content":10412,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3288},[10413],{"data":10414,"marks":10415,"value":10417,"nodeType":865},{},[10416],{"type":997},"The Vercel breach in April 2026",{"data":10419,"marks":10420,"value":10421,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was the result of an OAuth connection to a third-party AI SaaS tool a developer connected into the organization's Google Workspace tenant (without admin approval). When the AI vendor was compromised, the attacker leveraged stored OAuth tokens to access downstream accounts, ultimately reaching internal dashboards, API keys, and source code. ",{"data":10423,"content":10424,"nodeType":866},{},[10425,10429,10434],{"data":10426,"marks":10427,"value":10428,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push telemetry across customer environments shows an average of ",{"data":10430,"marks":10431,"value":10433,"nodeType":865},{},[10432],{"type":961},"17 unique AI app integrations per organization in Microsoft and Google alone",{"data":10435,"marks":10436,"value":10437,"nodeType":865},{},[],", most of which security teams would describe as unapproved. These generally don't appear in a conventional risk model that isn't looking for them.",{"data":10439,"content":10440,"nodeType":1458},{},[10441],{"data":10442,"marks":10443,"value":288,"nodeType":865},{},[10444],{"type":961},{"data":10446,"content":10447,"nodeType":866},{},[10448,10452,10461,10466],{"data":10449,"marks":10450,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[10451],{"type":961},{"data":10453,"content":10454,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4136},[10455],{"data":10456,"marks":10457,"value":10460,"nodeType":865},{},[10458,10459],{"type":997},{"type":961},"Analysis of 20,000 unique extensions deployed across Push customer environments",{"data":10462,"marks":10463,"value":10465,"nodeType":865},{},[10464],{"type":961}," found that 46.76% have the permission combinations required for account takeover without user interaction. ",{"data":10467,"marks":10468,"value":10469,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The extensions carrying these permissions aren't flagged by risk scoring systems because the same permissions are used by ad blockers, password managers, and translation tools (the downside of relying on tools that rely on dubious scoring to assess extensions, but I digress). ",{"data":10471,"content":10472,"nodeType":866},{},[10473],{"data":10474,"marks":10475,"value":10476,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What matters for risk quantification isn't the permission set or an arbitrary score assigned by a vendor; it's whether the monitoring exists to detect when a previously-clean extension changes ownership, escalates permissions, or behaves anomalously. Without that monitoring, the exposure is real but unquantified.",{"data":10478,"content":10479,"nodeType":1458},{},[10480],{"data":10481,"marks":10482,"value":10484,"nodeType":865},{},[10483],{"type":961},"ClickFix and non-email delivery channels",{"data":10486,"content":10487,"nodeType":866},{},[10488,10492,10500,10504,10511],{"data":10489,"marks":10490,"value":10491,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix — where a malicious page silently writes a PowerShell or mshta command into the victim's clipboard and instructs them to paste it — was ",{"data":10493,"content":10495,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10494},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf",[10496],{"data":10497,"marks":10498,"value":10499,"nodeType":865},{},[],"the most common initial access vector observed by Microsoft in 2025",{"data":10501,"marks":10502,"value":10503,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and CrowdStrike reported a",{"data":10505,"content":10506,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1362},[10507],{"data":10508,"marks":10509,"value":10510,"nodeType":865},{},[]," 563% increase in fake CAPTCHA lures",{"data":10512,"marks":10513,"value":10514,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (one of the most common ClickFix styles in which the user has to \"verify they're human\" by running a command on their machine). ",{"data":10516,"content":10517,"nodeType":866},{},[10518],{"data":10519,"marks":10520,"value":10521,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What makes this particularly relevant for risk quantification is the delivery channel: 4 in 5 ClickFix payloads intercepted by Push arrive via search engines, not email. A risk model that estimates threat event frequency from email-based phishing telemetry alone is structurally blind to an entire category of attack that has become one of the most prevalent initial access methods in the landscape.",{"data":10523,"content":10524,"nodeType":1458},{},[10525],{"data":10526,"marks":10527,"value":10529,"nodeType":865},{},[10528],{"type":961},"Authorization attacks",{"data":10531,"content":10532,"nodeType":866},{},[10533],{"data":10534,"marks":10535,"value":10536,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Device code phishing and OAuth consent abuse represent a slightly separate category of identity attack that most risk models don't account for because they operate after the authentication flow has already completed — meaning password strength, MFA coverage, and SSO adoption are irrelevant to whether the attack succeeds. ",{"data":10538,"content":10542,"nodeType":925},{"target":10539},{"sys":10540},{"id":10541,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7qtHmxCzBm5664jD6HsCwN",[],{"data":10544,"content":10545,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":10547,"content":10548,"nodeType":963},{},[10549],{"data":10550,"marks":10551,"value":10553,"nodeType":865},{},[10552],{"type":961},"The key lesson for CISOs",{"data":10555,"content":10556,"nodeType":866},{},[10557],{"data":10558,"marks":10559,"value":10560,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A risk model that measures identity vulnerability purely in terms of authentication hygiene at the IdP layer — how many accounts have MFA, how many use SSO — will correctly quantify one dimension of exposure while completely missing another that is growing faster and is structurally immune to the controls being measured.",{"data":10562,"content":10563,"nodeType":866},{},[10564],{"data":10565,"marks":10566,"value":10568,"nodeType":865},{},[10567],{"type":961},"For a CISO building a risk model, these aren't edge cases. They represent a real attack surface that doesn't show up in models built on conventional network, endpoint, and cloud telemetry. We aren't just talking about better inputs to risk modeling — we're talking about entirely new risk scenarios that aren't being modeled at all, supported by live data.",{"data":10570,"content":10574,"nodeType":925},{"target":10571},{"sys":10572},{"id":10573,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2ObEcO1gqz8lrOLCZzfpNw",[],{"data":10576,"content":10577,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":10579,"content":10580,"nodeType":1458},{},[10581],{"data":10582,"marks":10583,"value":10585,"nodeType":865},{},[10584],{"type":961},"Browser telemetry makes a CISO's life easier",{"data":10587,"content":10588,"nodeType":866},{},[10589],{"data":10590,"marks":10591,"value":10592,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser-based telemetry changes the conversation a CISO can have with a CFO or board. Instead of \"industry benchmarks suggest our expected annual loss from account compromise is somewhere in this range,\" the answer is, \"We can see how often these attacks are attempted against our users, and we can measure what percentage of our accounts have the controls in place to stop them,\" or \"We know how many shadow AI apps our users self-provision and share data with each month.\" ",{"data":10594,"content":10595,"nodeType":866},{},[10596],{"data":10597,"marks":10598,"value":10599,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity risk is only a piece of the quantification problem. Loss magnitude, regulatory exposure, and reputational impact are still extremely hard to estimate regardless of how good your frequency inputs are. ",{"data":10601,"content":10602,"nodeType":866},{},[10603],{"data":10604,"marks":10605,"value":10606,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the identity attack surface is one of the few areas in security where measurement is genuinely achievable right now, and the gap between what most organizations are modeling and what's actually observable is significant. Shadow SaaS integrations, unapproved AI connections, browser extensions with excessive privileges — these are enumerable risks that don't appear in models built on network, endpoint, and cloud access telemetry alone. ",{"data":10608,"content":10609,"nodeType":866},{},[10610,10615],{"data":10611,"marks":10612,"value":10614,"nodeType":865},{},[10613],{"type":961},"The lesson for CISOs serious about quantitative risk management is this: the frameworks exist, the talent is available, and the bottleneck is almost always data quality. ",{"data":10616,"marks":10617,"value":10618,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser telemetry is a good example of the kind of high-fidelity, environment-specific measurement that closes that gap.",{"data":10620,"content":10621,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":10623,"content":10624,"nodeType":866},{},[10625],{"data":10626,"marks":10627,"value":5006,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10629,"content":10630,"nodeType":866},{},[10631,10635,10642],{"data":10632,"marks":10633,"value":10634,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see. ",{"data":10636,"content":10637,"nodeType":882},{"uri":9244},[10638],{"data":10639,"marks":10640,"value":10641,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Book a live demo",{"data":10643,"marks":10644,"value":1738,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The CISO's data problem (and how browser telemetry can help)","How CISOs can use browser telemetry to support cyber risk quantification in areas where traditional data points fall short. ","2026-05-11T00:00:00.000Z","the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help",{"items":10650},[10651,10653],{"sys":10652,"name":2825},{"id":2824},{"sys":10654,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":10656},[10657],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":10658},{"url":853},{"__typename":1788,"sys":10660,"content":10662,"title":11415,"synopsis":11416,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":11417,"slug":11418,"tagsCollection":11419,"authorsCollection":11427},{"id":10661},"5RDOpmzJolwT1hk0fNIxzf",{"json":10663},{"data":10664,"content":10665,"nodeType":1739},{},[10666,10684,10690,10697,10704,10707,10715,10733,10752,10759,10764,10771,10777,10784,10792,10799,10817,10846,10852,10858,10866,10873,10891,10921,10953,10960,10966,10974,10981,10992,10999,11038,11044,11084,11123,11129,11132,11140,11147,11153,11160,11167,11173,11180,11187,11215,11218,11226,11233,11241,11248,11255,11274,11281,11287,11294,11302,11309,11326,11333,11352,11355,11363,11370,11377,11384,11387,11393,11399],{"data":10667,"content":10668,"nodeType":866},{},[10669,10673,10680],{"data":10670,"marks":10671,"value":10672,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Back in 2024, we wrote about ",{"data":10674,"content":10675,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8556},[10676],{"data":10677,"marks":10678,"value":10679,"nodeType":865},{},[],"how the Pyramid of Pain shapes Push's detection philosophy",{"data":10681,"marks":10682,"value":10683,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — detections targeting indicators that are easy for attackers to change deliver diminishing returns, while detections targeting attacker techniques impose a cost that's hard to absorb. Two years on, every force that made IoC-based detection fragile has intensified.",{"data":10685,"content":10689,"nodeType":925},{"target":10686},{"sys":10687},{"id":10688,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1iuLYxwI8T1wDUIFSom0G0",[],{"data":10691,"content":10692,"nodeType":866},{},[10693],{"data":10694,"marks":10695,"value":10696,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI hasn't introduced a new problem so much as it's compressed the timelines on an existing one — attackers can generate infrastructure, iterate on tooling, and industrialize newly discovered techniques faster than before. The bottom layers of the Pyramid are collapsing under the weight of machine-speed operations, and the middle layers are starting to buckle too.",{"data":10698,"content":10699,"nodeType":866},{},[10700],{"data":10701,"marks":10702,"value":10703,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These changes mean that technique-level detection is more important than ever. In this article, we’ll dig into how the Pyramid is changing, and what this means for our detection philosophy at Push (TL;DR — it reinforces the path we’re already on: building detections at the top of the Pyramid by harnessing browser visibility). ",{"data":10705,"content":10706,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":10708,"content":10709,"nodeType":963},{},[10710],{"data":10711,"marks":10712,"value":10714,"nodeType":865},{},[10713],{"type":961},"The bottom of the Pyramid was already crumbling",{"data":10716,"content":10717,"nodeType":866},{},[10718,10722,10729],{"data":10719,"marks":10720,"value":10721,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The case against indicator-based detection didn't need AI to be compelling. ",{"data":10723,"content":10725,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10724},"https://www.spamhaus.org/",[10726],{"data":10727,"marks":10728,"value":8814,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10730,"marks":10731,"value":10732,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with just 6.5% surviving past 15 days — by the time a domain makes it onto a blocklist, the campaign has moved on.",{"data":10734,"content":10735,"nodeType":866},{},[10736,10740,10748],{"data":10737,"marks":10738,"value":10739,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've ",{"data":10741,"content":10743,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10742},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-most-phishing-attacks-feel-like-a-zero-day/",[10744],{"data":10745,"marks":10746,"value":10747,"nodeType":865},{},[],"written before",{"data":10749,"marks":10750,"value":10751,"nodeType":865},{},[]," about how this makes every phishing attack effectively a zero-day for organizations relying on known-bad detection. The phishing kit's behavior — its page structure, script signatures, malicious payload mechanics — is the only detection target that outlasts a single campaign.",{"data":10753,"content":10754,"nodeType":866},{},[10755],{"data":10756,"marks":10757,"value":10758,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we blogged about the Pyramid of Pain for modern attacks that happen predominantly over the internet, with minimal (or zero) endpoint contact, it first looked like this: ",{"data":10760,"content":10763,"nodeType":925},{"target":10761},{"sys":10762},{"id":8570,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":10765,"content":10766,"nodeType":866},{},[10767],{"data":10768,"marks":10769,"value":10770,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now, it looks more like this:",{"data":10772,"content":10776,"nodeType":925},{"target":10773},{"sys":10774},{"id":10775,"type":922,"linkType":923},"mfhP4WToOQkrHnVkXU0tX",[],{"data":10778,"content":10779,"nodeType":866},{},[10780],{"data":10781,"marks":10782,"value":10783,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s explore why. ",{"data":10785,"content":10786,"nodeType":1458},{},[10787],{"data":10788,"marks":10789,"value":10791,"nodeType":865},{},[10790],{"type":961},"AI is accelerating phishing rotation and delivery",{"data":10793,"content":10794,"nodeType":866},{},[10795],{"data":10796,"marks":10797,"value":10798,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are harnessing AI at every stage, speeding up the process of creating, rotating, and replacing phishing infrastructure at every level, as well as capitalizing on AI adoption itself to enhance their lures. The operational signature is more domains, shorter lifespans, more variation, and fewer of the reuse patterns that blocklists depend on.",{"data":10800,"content":10801,"nodeType":866},{},[10802,10806,10813],{"data":10803,"marks":10804,"value":10805,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers can ",{"data":10807,"content":10808,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3643},[10809],{"data":10810,"marks":10811,"value":10812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"vibe-code entire phishing pages in minutes",{"data":10814,"marks":10815,"value":10816,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — not just cloning legitimate login pages but vibe-cloning them, feeding an AI a screenshot and having it rebuild a convincing frontend with a completely unique backend. ",{"data":10818,"content":10819,"nodeType":866},{},[10820,10824,10832,10836,10842],{"data":10821,"marks":10822,"value":10823,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've seen attackers clone free SaaS tools like background removers and PDF converters, then inject phishing components or ClickFix payloads into what looks like a functional utility. We’ve even seen attackers distributing malware using AI-generated pages shared using ",{"data":10825,"content":10826,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3135},[10827],{"data":10828,"marks":10829,"value":10831,"nodeType":865},{},[10830],{"type":997},"LLM tool sharing functionality",{"data":10833,"marks":10834,"value":10835,"nodeType":865},{},[],", resulting in phishing delivery pages hosted on real claude.ai and chatgpt.com. And legitimate cloud platforms like ",{"data":10837,"content":10838,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3087},[10839],{"data":10840,"marks":10841,"value":3093,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":10843,"marks":10844,"value":10845,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Cloudflare Workers, and Vercel host and dynamically rotate attack infrastructure, so the domains feeding into blocklists often belong to reputable services that can't simply be blocked. ",{"data":10847,"content":10851,"nodeType":925},{"target":10848},{"sys":10849},{"id":10850,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5yoLmqysyQazfzLITCUTfc",[],{"data":10853,"content":10857,"nodeType":925},{"target":10854},{"sys":10855},{"id":10856,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5XK5qZMQU19xlA8L2T5y0Z",[],{"data":10859,"content":10860,"nodeType":1458},{},[10861],{"data":10862,"marks":10863,"value":10865,"nodeType":865},{},[10864],{"type":961},"The kit ecosystem is fragmenting faster than anyone can track",{"data":10867,"content":10868,"nodeType":866},{},[10869],{"data":10870,"marks":10871,"value":10872,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What we see across our install base is a huge and growing variation in phishing kits — new kits, derivative kits of known platforms, derivatives of those derivatives — appearing on a weekly basis.",{"data":10874,"content":10875,"nodeType":866},{},[10876,10880,10887],{"data":10877,"marks":10878,"value":10879,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we reported in our ",{"data":10881,"content":10882,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5636},[10883],{"data":10884,"marks":10885,"value":10886,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser Attacks Report",{"data":10888,"marks":10889,"value":10890,"nodeType":865},{},[],", the most common AiTM kits we detected over the last year were Tycoon 2FA (59% of detections), followed by Sneaky 2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx (nominally a red team tool, but widely abused by attackers), NakedPages, Gabagool, and dozens more — but those established names are just the visible layer.",{"data":10892,"content":10893,"nodeType":866},{},[10894,10898,10906,10910,10917],{"data":10895,"marks":10896,"value":10897,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Code is forked, modified, and redeployed across kits in a pattern that ",{"data":10899,"content":10901,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10900},"https://blog.barracuda.com/2026/04/16/threat-spotlight-tycoon-2fa-scattered-everywhere",[10902],{"data":10903,"marks":10904,"value":10905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"resembles open-source development",{"data":10907,"marks":10908,"value":10909,"nodeType":865},{},[]," more than traditional criminal enterprise, and the rate at which new variants appear is accelerating. The ",{"data":10911,"content":10912,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[10913],{"data":10914,"marks":10915,"value":10916,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Venom kit",{"data":10918,"marks":10919,"value":10920,"nodeType":865},{},[]," reuses Sneaky 2FA's AiTM infrastructure but carries different branding and adds device code phishing — whether it's the same developers, stolen code, or a deliberate fork is unclear.",{"data":10922,"content":10923,"nodeType":866},{},[10924,10928,10936,10940,10949],{"data":10925,"marks":10926,"value":10927,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tycoon 2FA illustrates the scale of the evolution. The kit evolves continuously, addingnew capabilities, new evasion techniques, and hybridizing with other platforms. Even when Sekoia and Microsoft seized 330+ Tycoon domains in March 2026, the techniques it popularized were already embedded across competitors, and the slack was taken up by rival platforms within days. And in any case, Tycoon was back to ",{"data":10929,"content":10931,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10930},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/tycoon2fa-phishing-as-a-service-platform-persists-following-takedown/",[10932],{"data":10933,"marks":10934,"value":10935,"nodeType":865},{},[],"normal levels of operation",{"data":10937,"marks":10938,"value":10939,"nodeType":865},{},[]," shortly after. It has also been observed ",{"data":10941,"content":10943,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10942},"https://www.okta.com/en-nl/blog/threat-intelligence/tycoon_2fa_phishing_actors_scatter/",[10944],{"data":10945,"marks":10946,"value":10948,"nodeType":865},{},[10947],{"type":997},"pivoting to add new device code phishing capabilities",{"data":10950,"marks":10951,"value":10952,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (more on that below). ",{"data":10954,"content":10955,"nodeType":866},{},[10956],{"data":10957,"marks":10958,"value":10959,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tear one down and there are many more to take its place — and meanwhile the original is already evolving into something new.",{"data":10961,"content":10965,"nodeType":925},{"target":10962},{"sys":10963},{"id":10964,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3UDzUCCizPJhXp3SsoZuSK",[],{"data":10967,"content":10968,"nodeType":1458},{},[10969],{"data":10970,"marks":10971,"value":10973,"nodeType":865},{},[10972],{"type":961},"New techniques are being industrialized faster than ever",{"data":10975,"content":10976,"nodeType":866},{},[10977],{"data":10978,"marks":10979,"value":10980,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As well as the fragmentation of existing kits, we’re seeing new techniques added at an accelerating rate. ",{"data":10982,"content":10983,"nodeType":866},{},[10984,10988],{"data":10985,"marks":10986,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[10987],{"type":961},{"data":10989,"marks":10990,"value":10991,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is the clearest case study. From early nation state adoption in 2024, it took until 2026 for criminal adoption to really take off, but the take-up this year is unprecedented. The EvilTokens kit packaged device code phishing into a PhaaS offering with GPT-powered spear-phishing and adaptive landing pages, hitting 340+ organizations across five countries in March 2026. ",{"data":10993,"content":10994,"nodeType":866},{},[10995],{"data":10996,"marks":10997,"value":10998,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now, device code functionality is now a core phish kit component. We’re tracking 18+ kits with device code phishing capabilities and a 37.5x increase in device code phishing detections this year alone, with the technique moving from state-sponsored exclusivity to something any PhaaS customer can rent.",{"data":11000,"content":11001,"nodeType":866},{},[11002,11006,11014,11018,11023,11027,11035],{"data":11003,"marks":11004,"value":11005,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Similarly, when we ",{"data":11007,"content":11009,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11008},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/inside-criminal-phishing-panel",[11010],{"data":11011,"marks":11012,"value":11013,"nodeType":865},{},[],"infiltrated Doko's Panel",{"data":11015,"marks":11016,"value":11017,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a ",{"data":11019,"marks":11020,"value":11022,"nodeType":865},{},[11021],{"type":961},"real-time vishing and AiTM platform",{"data":11024,"marks":11025,"value":11026,"nodeType":865},{},[]," used by ShinyHunters and affiliated groups — the codebase was full of LLM-generated artifacts. Multiple groups were using the templated vishing panel and spinning up their own variants, but the AI-generated indicators persisted throughout. This approach to real-time vishing + browser payload has been a ",{"data":11028,"content":11029,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4236},[11030],{"data":11031,"marks":11032,"value":11034,"nodeType":865},{},[11033],{"type":997},"mainstay of the Com affiliates like ShinyHunters this year",{"data":11036,"marks":11037,"value":10349,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":11039,"content":11043,"nodeType":925},{"target":11040},{"sys":11041},{"id":11042,"type":922,"linkType":923},"01mOiserRBXraawXwQyJNm",[],{"data":11045,"content":11046,"nodeType":866},{},[11047,11051,11055,11059,11068,11072,11080],{"data":11048,"marks":11049,"value":11050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The broader ",{"data":11052,"marks":11053,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[11054],{"type":961},{"data":11056,"marks":11057,"value":11058,"nodeType":865},{},[]," family shows the same acceleration: First reported in early 2024 and adopted by four nation-state groups within a single quarter. Fast forward and ",{"data":11060,"content":11062,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11061},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/global-threat-report/",[11063],{"data":11064,"marks":11065,"value":11067,"nodeType":865},{},[11066],{"type":997},"CrowdStrike's data",{"data":11069,"marks":11070,"value":11071,"nodeType":865},{},[]," shows a 563% increase in fake CAPTCHA incidents (one of the more common ClickFix lure types), while ",{"data":11073,"content":11074,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10494},[11075],{"data":11076,"marks":11077,"value":11079,"nodeType":865},{},[11078],{"type":997},"Microsoft reported",{"data":11081,"marks":11082,"value":11083,"nodeType":865},{},[]," it as making up 47% of observed attacks according to their Digital Defense Report.",{"data":11085,"content":11086,"nodeType":866},{},[11087,11091,11096,11100,11108,11112,11119],{"data":11088,"marks":11089,"value":11090,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And ",{"data":11092,"marks":11093,"value":11095,"nodeType":865},{},[11094],{"type":961},"ConsentFix",{"data":11097,"marks":11098,"value":11099,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a combination of ClickFix and OAuth consent phishing techniques — suggests the next compression is already underway. Push researchers ",{"data":11101,"content":11103,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11102},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix/",[11104],{"data":11105,"marks":11106,"value":11107,"nodeType":865},{},[],"discovered the technique",{"data":11109,"marks":11110,"value":11111,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in December 2025 — a browser-native ClickFix variant hijacking OAuth consent grants via Azure CLI's localhost redirect. It was later confirmed to be tied to APT29. By January 2026, a ",{"data":11113,"content":11114,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3009},[11115],{"data":11116,"marks":11117,"value":11118,"nodeType":865},{},[],"criminal ConsentFix v3 toolkit",{"data":11120,"marks":11121,"value":11122,"nodeType":865},{},[]," had appeared on the XSS forum with Cloudflare Workers, ZoomInfo targeting, and automated exfiltration via Pipedream.",{"data":11124,"content":11128,"nodeType":925},{"target":11125},{"sys":11126},{"id":11127,"type":922,"linkType":923},"41FMif4T0y1maflzonWgL8",[],{"data":11130,"content":11131,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":11133,"content":11134,"nodeType":963},{},[11135],{"data":11136,"marks":11137,"value":11139,"nodeType":865},{},[11138],{"type":961},"Why technique-level detection is the only layer that holds",{"data":11141,"content":11142,"nodeType":866},{},[11143],{"data":11144,"marks":11145,"value":11146,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The middle of the Pyramid — tool signatures and artifacts — used to offer much more durable detection than infrastructure indicators. Fingerprinting a specific phishing kit by its JavaScript structure or HTML patterns provided a detection target that survived across dozens or hundreds of campaigns, even as the underlying domains rotated. Tool level detections are still better, but not by quite the same margin.",{"data":11148,"content":11152,"nodeType":925},{"target":11149},{"sys":11150},{"id":11151,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5pxaYdCIFiFKLPhRaPoldX",[],{"data":11154,"content":11155,"nodeType":866},{},[11156],{"data":11157,"marks":11158,"value":11159,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When the kit landscape was dominated by a handful of platforms, you could write signatures for Tycoon, Sneaky2FA, EvilProxy, and so on, and cover the lion's share of attacks. With the ecosystem now producing new variants and entirely new kits on a weekly basis, detecting by kit fingerprint starts to look uncomfortably similar to detecting by domain.",{"data":11161,"content":11162,"nodeType":866},{},[11163],{"data":11164,"marks":11165,"value":11166,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But many of these proliferating kits do share behavioral patterns at a deeper level than their code signatures. For example, every device code phishing kit implements fundamentally the same flow: present a lure, generate a device code via the OAuth Device Authorization endpoint, get the user to enter it on the legitimate authorization page, and poll for the resulting tokens. The frontends vary, the infrastructure varies, but the behavioral pattern doesn't.",{"data":11168,"content":11172,"nodeType":925},{"target":11169},{"sys":11170},{"id":11171,"type":922,"linkType":923},"FyyHayQtsJTwoB1kluMOl",[],{"data":11174,"content":11175,"nodeType":866},{},[11176],{"data":11177,"marks":11178,"value":11179,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Genuinely new attack techniques still require human creativity — an attacker has to identify a gap in how a legitimate protocol or feature can be subverted. That kind of innovation hasn't been automated. But the window to discover a technique, build a detection, and then deploy it before it is adopted by criminals at scale is compressing with each generation.",{"data":11181,"content":11182,"nodeType":866},{},[11183],{"data":11184,"marks":11185,"value":11186,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations that detect at the technique level and deploy before commoditization have a structural advantage that increases over time. Waiting for indicators — even tool-level indicators — means chasing a curve that's accelerating away from you. This is the challenge we grapple with every day as we strive for the most resilient detections possible. ",{"data":11188,"content":11189,"nodeType":11214},{},[11190],{"data":11191,"content":11192,"nodeType":866},{},[11193,11197,11205,11209],{"data":11194,"marks":11195,"value":11196,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As our CPO Jacques Louw put it on ",{"data":11198,"content":11200,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11199},"https://risky.biz/RBNEWSSI128/",[11201],{"data":11202,"marks":11203,"value":11204,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Risky Business",{"data":11206,"marks":11207,"value":11208,"nodeType":865},{},[],": ",{"data":11210,"marks":11211,"value":11213,"nodeType":865},{},[11212],{"type":944},"\"There's no list of bad domains anywhere in the product. It's a crutch — a false cheat code that stops you from doing the detection in the way that actually is resilient, because the next time you see it, it will be on a different domain.\"","blockquote",{"data":11216,"content":11217,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":11219,"content":11220,"nodeType":963},{},[11221],{"data":11222,"marks":11223,"value":11225,"nodeType":865},{},[11224],{"type":961},"What it takes to detect at the top of the Pyramid",{"data":11227,"content":11228,"nodeType":866},{},[11229],{"data":11230,"marks":11231,"value":11232,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If technique-level detection is the only layer that holds, two things have to be true about your detection capability: You need the right vantage point, and you need the research velocity to stay ahead.",{"data":11234,"content":11235,"nodeType":1458},{},[11236],{"data":11237,"marks":11238,"value":11240,"nodeType":865},{},[11239],{"type":961},"You need the right vantage point",{"data":11242,"content":11243,"nodeType":866},{},[11244],{"data":11245,"marks":11246,"value":11247,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Technique-level behaviors in browser-based identity attacks — how a phishing page orchestrates credential entry, how a device code flow presents its authorization prompt, how a ClickFix variant manipulates the clipboard — are visible in the browser session and nowhere else.",{"data":11249,"content":11250,"nodeType":866},{},[11251],{"data":11252,"marks":11253,"value":11254,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Network proxies see encrypted traffic and can attempt to reconstruct page behavior from metadata, but DOM manipulation, user interaction sequences, and script execution aren't visible from that vantage point. Email gateways see the delivery mechanism (or nothing at all in the increasing number of social media and search engine based attacks) but not the payload.",{"data":11256,"content":11257,"nodeType":866},{},[11258,11262,11270],{"data":11259,"marks":11260,"value":11261,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we disclosed in our ",{"data":11263,"content":11264,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5636},[11265],{"data":11266,"marks":11267,"value":11269,"nodeType":865},{},[11268],{"type":997},"browser attacks report",{"data":11271,"marks":11272,"value":11273,"nodeType":865},{},[],", 95% of in-browser attacks we detect use some form of bot protection, often combined with conditional loading techniques like referrer and browser checks, reliably defeating automated analysis techniques. ",{"data":11275,"content":11276,"nodeType":866},{},[11277],{"data":11278,"marks":11279,"value":11280,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Behavioral detection at the technique level requires observing what happens on the page at the moment the user interacts with it — analyzing pages, not links. When you see the entire browsing flow — ad click, redirect chain, page render, credential prompt — an attack stands out immediately. Without that context, any detection system is forced to fill in gaps, and the gaps are where attacks hide.",{"data":11282,"content":11286,"nodeType":925},{"target":11283},{"sys":11284},{"id":11285,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4804g6u4POUDpL42bzP0EY",[],{"data":11288,"content":11289,"nodeType":866},{},[11290],{"data":11291,"marks":11292,"value":11293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push sits inside the browser session, observing this in real time. Its detections target the behavioral mechanics of techniques rather than the surface characteristics of individual kits or infrastructure.",{"data":11295,"content":11296,"nodeType":1458},{},[11297],{"data":11298,"marks":11299,"value":11301,"nodeType":865},{},[11300],{"type":961},"You need the research expertise",{"data":11303,"content":11304,"nodeType":866},{},[11305],{"data":11306,"marks":11307,"value":11308,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When the window between technique discovery and industrialized exploitation is measured in weeks rather than years, the detection pipeline needs to operate on that same compressed timescale.",{"data":11310,"content":11311,"nodeType":866},{},[11312,11316,11322],{"data":11313,"marks":11314,"value":11315,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is where our ",{"data":11317,"content":11318,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3643},[11319],{"data":11320,"marks":11321,"value":9005,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":11323,"marks":11324,"value":11325,"nodeType":865},{},[]," fits. It's tripled our monthly detection output — not by generating bigger blocklists, but by scaling the process of discovering behavioral patterns across the telemetry generated by 3+ million browser deployments.",{"data":11327,"content":11328,"nodeType":866},{},[11329],{"data":11330,"marks":11331,"value":11332,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The detections it produces are technique-class by design, targeting how attacks work rather than the infrastructure or specific tool that implements them. The goal is curation, not accumulation — hundreds of high-fidelity behavioral detections rather than the billions of signatures and domain entries that traditional approaches require.",{"data":11334,"content":11335,"nodeType":866},{},[11336,11340,11348],{"data":11337,"marks":11338,"value":11339,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we detected the first in-the-wild ",{"data":11341,"content":11343,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11342},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/installfix/",[11344],{"data":11345,"marks":11346,"value":11347,"nodeType":865},{},[],"InstallFix attack",{"data":11349,"marks":11350,"value":11351,"nodeType":865},{},[]," through the pipeline — a user had searched for NotebookLM, clicked a paid Google ad, and was redirected to a fake page with a WebAssembly C2 connector — the detection shipped to all customers within minutes. It didn't depend on knowing the domain, the ad creative, or the specific kit. It depended on recognizing the technique itself.",{"data":11353,"content":11354,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":11356,"content":11357,"nodeType":963},{},[11358],{"data":11359,"marks":11360,"value":11362,"nodeType":865},{},[11361],{"type":961},"Technique-level detection is now the only option",{"data":11364,"content":11365,"nodeType":866},{},[11366],{"data":11367,"marks":11368,"value":11369,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a framework for detection durability, the Pyramid of Pain is more relevant than ever. ",{"data":11371,"content":11372,"nodeType":866},{},[11373],{"data":11374,"marks":11375,"value":11376,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI has made infrastructure indicators essentially disposable. The tools tier is compressing as criminal vendors vibe-code, fork, and clone tooling at machine speed. Technique-level detection is the layer that holds long-term to be able to proactively detect and block net-new attacks and the kits that power them. ",{"data":11378,"content":11379,"nodeType":866},{},[11380],{"data":11381,"marks":11382,"value":11383,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Novel attack techniques still require human creativity to discover, and detections built around how those techniques work can survive infrastructure rotation, tool proliferation, and kit fragmentation. Defending that layer requires a vantage point inside the browser session and a research pipeline fast enough to stay ahead of the accelerating path from discovery to industrialization.",{"data":11385,"content":11386,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":11388,"content":11389,"nodeType":866},{},[11390],{"data":11391,"marks":11392,"value":2792,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":11394,"content":11395,"nodeType":866},{},[11396],{"data":11397,"marks":11398,"value":1718,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":11400,"content":11401,"nodeType":866},{},[11402,11405,11412],{"data":11403,"marks":11404,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":11406,"content":11407,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[11408],{"data":11409,"marks":11410,"value":10641,"nodeType":865},{},[11411],{"type":997},{"data":11413,"marks":11414,"value":1738,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Pyramid of Pain in the AI era: Why technique-level detection matters more than ever","AI is accelerating the collapse of indicator-based threat detection. 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Attackers create content on platforms like ChatGPT and Claude that appears to offer installation guidance or service updates, then drive traffic to it via search engine results in the form of malvertising and SEO poisoning.  ",{"data":13128,"content":13129,"nodeType":866},{},[13130],{"data":13131,"marks":13132,"value":13133,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The content lives on chatgpt.com or claude.ai — domains that users and security tools trust implicitly — so the attack bypasses URL reputation checks before the victim even reaches the malicious payload.",{"data":13135,"content":13136,"nodeType":866},{},[13137,13141,13149,13153,13161],{"data":13138,"marks":13139,"value":13140,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Several variants of this technique have been ",{"data":13142,"content":13144,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13143},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-abuse-google-ads-claudeai-chats-to-push-mac-malware/",[13145],{"data":13146,"marks":13147,"value":13148,"nodeType":865},{},[],"reported over the past few months",{"data":13150,"marks":13151,"value":13152,"nodeType":865},{},[],". 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A web page inside a web page, hosted on a domain that every URL reputation system in the world considers safe.",{"data":13251,"content":13255,"nodeType":925},{"target":13252},{"sys":13253},{"id":13254,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4kQTfxB3aVH9W9BeYOuljP",[],{"data":13257,"content":13258,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":13260,"content":13261,"nodeType":963},{},[13262],{"data":13263,"marks":13264,"value":13266,"nodeType":865},{},[13265],{"type":961},"The download page",{"data":13268,"content":13269,"nodeType":866},{},[13270],{"data":13271,"marks":13272,"value":13273,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clicking the download button redirects the user to openew[.]app, which presents a convincing clone of ChatGPT's official desktop application download page — complete with OpenAI branding, macOS and Windows download buttons, a Chrome extension link, and a mobile download section.",{"data":13275,"content":13279,"nodeType":925},{"target":13276},{"sys":13277},{"id":13278,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4MdFc4OB37ZihTGx506QJ6",[],{"data":13281,"content":13285,"nodeType":925},{"target":13282},{"sys":13283},{"id":13284,"type":922,"linkType":923},"LaPUy0zpIeY8s4PF2wkat",[],{"data":13287,"content":13288,"nodeType":866},{},[13289],{"data":13290,"marks":13291,"value":13292,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The site also displays differently depending on who visits it. When Push researchers examined the URL via URLScan, the scanner was redirected to a different page entirely — a generic AR/VR company website with no obvious connection to ChatGPT. ",{"data":13294,"content":13295,"nodeType":866},{},[13296],{"data":13297,"marks":13298,"value":13299,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Real users in a browser see the fake download page; automated scanners and bots see something benign. This kind of conditional rendering is a well-established evasion technique in the malvertising ecosystem, and it makes the malicious infrastructure harder for security teams and threat intelligence services to identify and analyze.",{"data":13301,"content":13302,"nodeType":866},{},[13303,13307,13315],{"data":13304,"marks":13305,"value":13306,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The downloaded executable poses as \"ChatGPT for Desktop\" and is ",{"data":13308,"content":13310,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13309},"https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",[13311],{"data":13312,"marks":13313,"value":13314,"nodeType":865},{},[],"flagged on VirusTotal",{"data":13316,"marks":13317,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13319,"content":13323,"nodeType":925},{"target":13320},{"sys":13321},{"id":13322,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3FSbwoFJYQrcyo9uMsQIWI",[],{"data":13325,"content":13326,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":13328,"content":13329,"nodeType":963},{},[13330],{"data":13331,"marks":13332,"value":13334,"nodeType":865},{},[13333],{"type":961},"The Claude variant: same campaign, different platform",{"data":13336,"content":13337,"nodeType":866},{},[13338,13342,13349],{"data":13339,"marks":13340,"value":13341,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Alongside the ChatGPT rendered-page variant, Push has also detected the previously reported style of attack using shared Claude.ai conversations. These follow the pattern documented by ",{"data":13343,"content":13344,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13143},[13345],{"data":13346,"marks":13347,"value":13348,"nodeType":865},{},[],"BleepingComputer",{"data":13350,"marks":13351,"value":13352,"nodeType":865},{},[],": a shared chat disguised as a \"Claude Code on Mac\" installation guide, attributed to \"Apple Support,\" containing a curl command that downloads and executes malware.",{"data":13354,"content":13358,"nodeType":925},{"target":13355},{"sys":13356},{"id":13357,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5sWayuTsVdiLSLoS4sv2Vc",[],{"data":13360,"content":13361,"nodeType":866},{},[13362],{"data":13363,"marks":13364,"value":13365,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The fact that both the ChatGPT and Claude variants are appearing in Push customer environments suggests a campaign — or at least a shared playbook — that is actively experimenting with different platforms and different social engineering approaches to find what converts best.",{"data":13367,"content":13368,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":13370,"content":13371,"nodeType":963},{},[13372],{"data":13373,"marks":13374,"value":13376,"nodeType":865},{},[13375],{"type":961},"Malvertising remains one of the top phishing delivery channels",{"data":13378,"content":13379,"nodeType":866},{},[13380],{"data":13381,"marks":13382,"value":13383,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push has detected this variant across multiple customer environments, with users arriving at these shared chat URLs after searching for terms including \"chatgpt,\" \"chatgpt free,\" \"chat gpt,\" and common typos like \"chatgo,\" \"chatgot,\" and \"cvhatgpt.\" ",{"data":13385,"content":13386,"nodeType":866},{},[13387],{"data":13388,"marks":13389,"value":13390,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can see an example of this below: it's incredibly convincing, and uses the real ChatGPT domain — so even users that are paying attention are liable to fall for it. ",{"data":13392,"content":13395,"nodeType":925},{"target":13393},{"sys":13394},{"id":5141,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":13397,"content":13401,"nodeType":925},{"target":13398},{"sys":13399},{"id":13400,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4HpFJRAZH2lbygaEk2xOnN",[],{"data":13403,"content":13404,"nodeType":866},{},[13405,13409,13417,13421,13428,13431,13440],{"data":13406,"marks":13407,"value":13408,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This fits a pattern Push has tracked extensively. ",{"data":13410,"content":13412,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13411},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review/",[13413],{"data":13414,"marks":13415,"value":13416,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Search-based delivery is now the dominant channel for malware distribution",{"data":13418,"marks":13419,"value":13420,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — our own data shows that ClickFix attacks are reached via search results rather than email in 4 of 5 cases, and Push's own research into ",{"data":13422,"content":13423,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5307},[13424],{"data":13425,"marks":13426,"value":13427,"nodeType":865},{},[],"malvertising campaigns impersonating brands like TradingView",{"data":13429,"marks":13430,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13432,"content":13434,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13433},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/google-search-malvertising-campaign-continues-now-impersonating-ahrefs/",[13435],{"data":13436,"marks":13437,"value":13439,"nodeType":865},{},[13438],{"type":997},"Ahrefs",{"data":13441,"marks":13442,"value":13443,"nodeType":865},{},[]," has demonstrated how effectively search ads can funnel victims to malicious pages. ",{"data":13445,"content":13446,"nodeType":866},{},[13447],{"data":13448,"marks":13449,"value":13450,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The shared-chat technique adds a new dimension: the destination URL itself is genuine (chatgpt.com, claude.ai), which means even a cautious user who checks the URL before clicking will see nothing suspicious.",{"data":13452,"content":13453,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":13455,"content":13456,"nodeType":963},{},[13457],{"data":13458,"marks":13459,"value":13461,"nodeType":865},{},[13460],{"type":961},"Legitimate platform abuse is everywhere",{"data":13463,"content":13464,"nodeType":866},{},[13465],{"data":13466,"marks":13467,"value":13468,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is one example of a much broader pattern that has become one of the defining characteristics of the 2026 threat landscape: attackers systematically abusing legitimate platforms as attack infrastructure. The scale and variety of this abuse in recent months alone is striking, and it spans every stage of the phishing chain.",{"data":13470,"content":13471,"nodeType":1458},{},[13472],{"data":13473,"marks":13474,"value":13475,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for delivery",{"data":13477,"content":13478,"nodeType":866},{},[13479,13483,13491,13495,13503,13507,13515],{"data":13480,"marks":13481,"value":13482,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the delivery side, attackers have been ",{"data":13484,"content":13486,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13485},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/amazon-ses-increasingly-abused-in-phishing-to-evade-detection/",[13487],{"data":13488,"marks":13489,"value":13490,"nodeType":865},{},[],"weaponizing stolen AWS credentials to send phishing through Amazon SES",{"data":13492,"marks":13493,"value":13494,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that passes SPF, DKIM, and DMARC validation because SES is a legitimate Amazon service. A Vietnamese operation dubbed ",{"data":13496,"content":13498,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13497},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/05/30000-facebook-accounts-hacked-via.html",[13499],{"data":13500,"marks":13501,"value":13502,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AccountDumpling used Google AppSheet's built-in email capability",{"data":13504,"marks":13505,"value":13506,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as a phishing relay to harvest 30,000 Facebook credentials. ",{"data":13508,"content":13510,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13509},"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/scammers-are-abusing-an-internal-microsoft-account-to-send-spam/",[13511],{"data":13512,"marks":13513,"value":13514,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scammers exploited Microsoft's own internal notification pipeline",{"data":13516,"marks":13517,"value":13518,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — sending phishing from the same msonlineservicesteam@microsoftonline.com address that delivers legitimate 2FA codes — with Spamhaus confirming months of ongoing abuse.",{"data":13520,"content":13521,"nodeType":1458},{},[13522],{"data":13523,"marks":13524,"value":13525,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for hosting",{"data":13527,"content":13528,"nodeType":866},{},[13529,13533,13541,13545,13553],{"data":13530,"marks":13531,"value":13532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For hosting, the platforms being abused read like a who's who of modern web infrastructure. ",{"data":13534,"content":13536,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13535},"https://www.securityweek.com/over-500-organizations-hit-in-years-long-phishing-campaign/",[13537],{"data":13538,"marks":13539,"value":13540,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Operation HookedWing ran for four years",{"data":13542,"marks":13543,"value":13544,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on GitHub Pages and Vercel, compromising 500+ organizations across more than 100 GitHub Pages domains before anyone documented it publicly. Cofense has separately ",{"data":13546,"content":13548,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13547},"https://cofense.com/blog/steal-smarter-not-harder-malicious-use-of-vercel-for-credential-phishing/",[13549],{"data":13550,"marks":13551,"value":13552,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documented the growing abuse of Vercel",{"data":13554,"marks":13555,"value":13556,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for credential phishing hosting. Pixm's Q1 2026 phishing report tracked over 100 unique Azure Blob Storage subdomain variants hosting phishing content that carried Microsoft's own domain reputation, alongside abuse of Cloudflare CDN, Cloudflare Workers, Cloudflare R2, Backblaze B2, and Supabase. ",{"data":13558,"content":13559,"nodeType":1458},{},[13560],{"data":13561,"marks":13562,"value":13563,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Abuse of compromised websites that are otherwise legit",{"data":13565,"content":13566,"nodeType":866},{},[13567,13571,13579,13583,13591,13595,13603],{"data":13568,"marks":13569,"value":13570,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Compromised legitimate sites are also being repurposed at scale. A mass exploitation of a ",{"data":13572,"content":13574,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13573},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ghost-cms-sql-injection-flaw-exploited-in-large-scale-clickfix-campaign/",[13575],{"data":13576,"marks":13577,"value":13578,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost CMS vulnerability planted ClickFix pages across 700+ websites",{"data":13580,"marks":13581,"value":13582,"nodeType":865},{},[]," including Harvard, Oxford, and DuckDuckGo subdomains. Microsoft recently documented a campaign where ",{"data":13584,"content":13586,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13585},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/05/26/poisoned-search-results-gpu-mining-cryptojacking-campaign-abusing-screenconnect-microsoft-net-utilities/",[13587],{"data":13588,"marks":13589,"value":13590,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SEO poisoning was combined with AI chatbot recommendation manipulation",{"data":13592,"marks":13593,"value":13594,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to deliver GPU mining malware — extending the poisoning from traditional search results into AI-generated software recommendations. And ",{"data":13596,"content":13598,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13597},"https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2026/05/27/deno-rat-malware-fake-chatgpt-claude-installers/",[13599],{"data":13600,"marks":13601,"value":13602,"nodeType":865},{},[],"fake ChatGPT and Claude installers on GitHub and SourceForge",{"data":13604,"marks":13605,"value":13606,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have been delivering the DinDoor backdoor and a Deno-based RAT via repositories that mimic legitimate developer tool distributions.",{"data":13608,"content":13609,"nodeType":866},{},[13610],{"data":13611,"marks":13612,"value":13613,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The structural problem is that every one of these platforms is genuinely legitimate, and the security controls that evaluate them — domain reputation, email authentication, URL categorization — confirm them as trusted because they are trusted. This attack extends this pattern into new territory by weaponizing the content-sharing features of AI chatbot platforms specifically, but the underlying principles are the same. ",{"data":13615,"content":13616,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":13618,"content":13619,"nodeType":963},{},[13620],{"data":13621,"marks":13622,"value":13624,"nodeType":865},{},[13623],{"type":961},"Impact analysis",{"data":13626,"content":13627,"nodeType":866},{},[13628,13632,13640],{"data":13629,"marks":13630,"value":13631,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shared-chat malware delivery exploits a structural property of AI platforms that traditional security controls aren't designed to handle. Domain reputation, URL categorization, and safe browsing databases all treat chatgpt.com and claude.ai as trusted — because they are. Using these trusted pages to link off to further convincing-looking pages hosting malware allows the attacker to run campaigns that blend in, as well as rotate the phishing delivery pages later in the chain should they ever be flagged, allowing the campaign to continue without interruption (a well known ",{"data":13633,"content":13635,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13634},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/",[13636],{"data":13637,"marks":13638,"value":13639,"nodeType":865},{},[],"detection evasion technique",{"data":13641,"marks":13642,"value":13643,"nodeType":865},{},[],"). ",{"data":13645,"content":13646,"nodeType":866},{},[13647],{"data":13648,"marks":13649,"value":13650,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What makes the rendered-page variant particularly concerning is that it eliminates the most obvious red flag in the earlier attacks. The Claude.ai conversation variants required the victim to recognize that a shared chat instructing them to paste terminal commands might be suspicious — a tall order for many users, but at least the attack surface was visible. The rendered-page variant shows nothing that looks like an attack. It presents what appears to be a routine service disruption with a reasonable call to action: download the desktop app to continue using ChatGPT. ",{"data":13652,"content":13653,"nodeType":1458},{},[13654],{"data":13655,"marks":13656,"value":13658,"nodeType":865},{},[13657],{"type":961},"How Push detected the attack",{"data":13660,"content":13661,"nodeType":866},{},[13662,13666,13670],{"data":13663,"marks":13664,"value":13665,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've aligned our detection logic for this technique under the name ",{"data":13667,"marks":13668,"value":3140,"nodeType":865},{},[13669],{"type":961},{"data":13671,"marks":13672,"value":13673,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a technique-level detection that covers shared content abuse across LLM platforms, not tied to any single campaign or set of IOCs. ",{"data":13675,"content":13676,"nodeType":866},{},[13677],{"data":13678,"marks":13679,"value":13680,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because Push sees the full context of how a user arrived at a page and what that page does once it renders, we can identify LLMShare attacks regardless of which AI platform is being abused or what social engineering wrapper the attacker has chosen. ",{"data":13682,"content":13683,"nodeType":866},{},[13684,13688,13694],{"data":13685,"marks":13686,"value":13687,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we identified the initial instances of this campaign, we used our ",{"data":13689,"content":13690,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3643},[13691],{"data":13692,"marks":13693,"value":9005,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13695,"marks":13696,"value":13697,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to hunt for additional examples across our customer telemetry, develop the LLMShare detection, and rapidly deploy it to customers. Push blocks users from interacting with the page before any malicious activity can occur. ",{"data":13699,"content":13700,"nodeType":866},{},[13701],{"data":13702,"marks":13703,"value":13704,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push customers do not need to take any further action.",{"data":13706,"content":13707,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":13709,"content":13710,"nodeType":866},{},[13711],{"data":13712,"marks":13713,"value":2792,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13715,"content":13716,"nodeType":866},{},[13717],{"data":13718,"marks":13719,"value":1718,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13721,"content":13722,"nodeType":866},{},[13723,13726,13734],{"data":13724,"marks":13725,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13727,"content":13729,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13728},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo/",[13730],{"data":13731,"marks":13732,"value":2812,"nodeType":865},{},[13733],{"type":997},{"data":13735,"marks":13736,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13738,"content":13739,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":13741,"content":13742,"nodeType":963},{},[13743],{"data":13744,"marks":13745,"value":13747,"nodeType":865},{},[13746],{"type":961},"Indicators of compromise",{"data":13749,"content":13750,"nodeType":866},{},[13751,13755,13763],{"data":13752,"marks":13753,"value":13754,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we always say, short-lived IoCs are of limited value when tackling modern phishing attacks due to the rate at which attackers are able to ",{"data":13756,"content":13758,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13757},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/domain-rotation-redirection/",[13759],{"data":13760,"marks":13761,"value":13762,"nodeType":865},{},[],"quickly spin up and rotate the sites used",{"data":13764,"marks":13765,"value":13766,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in the attack chain. IoC-based detections for campaigns like this are of limited value.",{"data":13768,"content":13769,"nodeType":866},{},[13770],{"data":13771,"marks":13772,"value":13773,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At the time of writing, the indicators observed were:",{"data":13775,"content":13776,"nodeType":2396},{},[13777,13803,13826,13848,13871],{"data":13778,"content":13779,"nodeType":1869},{},[13780,13792],{"data":13781,"content":13782,"nodeType":13791},{},[13783],{"data":13784,"content":13785,"nodeType":866},{},[13786],{"data":13787,"marks":13788,"value":13790,"nodeType":865},{},[13789],{"type":961},"Indicator","table-header-cell",{"data":13793,"content":13794,"nodeType":13791},{},[13795],{"data":13796,"content":13797,"nodeType":866},{},[13798],{"data":13799,"marks":13800,"value":13802,"nodeType":865},{},[13801],{"type":961},"Type",{"data":13804,"content":13805,"nodeType":1869},{},[13806,13816],{"data":13807,"content":13808,"nodeType":1835},{},[13809],{"data":13810,"content":13811,"nodeType":866},{},[13812],{"data":13813,"marks":13814,"value":13815,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://claude[.]ai/share/8e6401b5-4849-46c4-a3cb-29e1c3c49131",{"data":13817,"content":13818,"nodeType":1835},{},[13819],{"data":13820,"content":13821,"nodeType":866},{},[13822],{"data":13823,"marks":13824,"value":13825,"nodeType":865},{},[],"URL",{"data":13827,"content":13828,"nodeType":1869},{},[13829,13839],{"data":13830,"content":13831,"nodeType":1835},{},[13832],{"data":13833,"content":13834,"nodeType":866},{},[13835],{"data":13836,"marks":13837,"value":13838,"nodeType":865},{},[],"hxxps://chatgpt[.]com/s/cb_6a0f1e6bbec88191aa7fede27163f08d",{"data":13840,"content":13841,"nodeType":1835},{},[13842],{"data":13843,"content":13844,"nodeType":866},{},[13845],{"data":13846,"marks":13847,"value":13825,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":13849,"content":13850,"nodeType":1869},{},[13851,13861],{"data":13852,"content":13853,"nodeType":1835},{},[13854],{"data":13855,"content":13856,"nodeType":866},{},[13857],{"data":13858,"marks":13859,"value":13860,"nodeType":865},{},[],"openew[.]app",{"data":13862,"content":13863,"nodeType":1835},{},[13864],{"data":13865,"content":13866,"nodeType":866},{},[13867],{"data":13868,"marks":13869,"value":13870,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Domain",{"data":13872,"content":13873,"nodeType":1869},{},[13874,13884],{"data":13875,"content":13876,"nodeType":1835},{},[13877],{"data":13878,"content":13879,"nodeType":866},{},[13880],{"data":13881,"marks":13882,"value":13883,"nodeType":865},{},[],"de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",{"data":13885,"content":13886,"nodeType":1835},{},[13887],{"data":13888,"content":13889,"nodeType":866},{},[13890],{"data":13891,"marks":13892,"value":13893,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SHA256",{"data":13895,"content":13896,"nodeType":866},{},[13897],{"data":13898,"marks":13899,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"LLMShare: how attackers are turning AI chatbot pages into malware delivery platforms","How attackers are using shared content features on AI chatbot platforms to deliver malware via pages hosted on legitimate domains, sent via malvertising.","2026-05-29T00:00:00.000Z","llmshare-malvertising-campaign",{"items":13905},[13906,13908],{"sys":13907,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":13909,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":13911},[13912],{"fullName":13913,"firstName":13914,"jobTitle":13915,"profilePicture":13916},"Keanu Maharaj","Keanu","Senior Security Researcher",{"url":13917},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/VCGOm62jiocjwngWTh32U/e9a30637b1c76bf988d2fec90f5b6c36/1689361049351_1.png",{"__typename":1788,"sys":13919,"content":13921,"title":14577,"synopsis":14578,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":14579,"slug":14580,"tagsCollection":14581,"authorsCollection":14587},{"id":13920},"4NY2NbkAPucFOJY45yrrrE",{"json":13922},{"data":13923,"content":13924,"nodeType":1739},{},[13925,13932,13939,13946,13952,13955,13963,13970,14003,14010,14040,14046,14049,14057,14064,14072,14114,14120,14127,14132,14135,14143,14150,14158,14165,14172,14188,14196,14221,14228,14234,14241,14249,14264,14291,14297,14315,14321,14329,14336,14361,14368,14375,14382,14388,14391,14399,14406,14413,14431,14439,14446,14454,14477,14489,14495,14498,14506,14513,14520,14527,14546,14549,14555,14561],{"data":13926,"content":13927,"nodeType":866},{},[13928],{"data":13929,"marks":13930,"value":13931,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employees have been self-adopting apps, creating unmanaged accounts, and introducing third-party software dependencies into their organizations for years, and the core problem hasn't changed: unmanaged software expanding your attack surface without your knowledge.",{"data":13933,"content":13934,"nodeType":866},{},[13935],{"data":13936,"marks":13937,"value":13938,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the rate at which employees are signing up for AI tools is unprecedented, and the depth of interconnectivity those tools demand is fundamentally different from traditional shadow SaaS. ",{"data":13940,"content":13941,"nodeType":866},{},[13942],{"data":13943,"marks":13944,"value":13945,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI tools aren't just standalone apps that employees sign into — they're increasingly used as agents that drive other applications, pulling data from one platform, acting on another — they are becoming a core that other apps are integrating to, and that users are integrating with their wider SaaS stack. It’s becoming a focal integration point for app access and functionality in a way that's more comparable to an enterprise cloud platform than a typical SaaS tool. ",{"data":13947,"content":13951,"nodeType":925},{"target":13948},{"sys":13949},{"id":13950,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2Vxb48M5JN9Jdy8BG6nbUJ",[],{"data":13953,"content":13954,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":13956,"content":13957,"nodeType":963},{},[13958],{"data":13959,"marks":13960,"value":13962,"nodeType":865},{},[13961],{"type":961},"What is shadow AI? A quick 101",{"data":13964,"content":13965,"nodeType":866},{},[13966],{"data":13967,"marks":13968,"value":13969,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow AI is any use of AI tools, services, or integrations that happens outside an organization's security governance and visibility. Shadow AI risks cut in two directions:",{"data":13971,"content":13972,"nodeType":1049},{},[13973,13988],{"data":13974,"content":13975,"nodeType":1003},{},[13976],{"data":13977,"content":13978,"nodeType":866},{},[13979,13984],{"data":13980,"marks":13981,"value":13983,"nodeType":865},{},[13982],{"type":961},"Data exposure:",{"data":13985,"marks":13986,"value":13987,"nodeType":865},{},[]," source code, credentials, internal documents, and customer data routinely get pasted into AI prompts or uploaded as context, and once shared, that data is outside the organization's control. ",{"data":13989,"content":13990,"nodeType":1003},{},[13991],{"data":13992,"content":13993,"nodeType":866},{},[13994,13999],{"data":13995,"marks":13996,"value":13998,"nodeType":865},{},[13997],{"type":961},"Attack surface:",{"data":14000,"marks":14001,"value":14002,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Every shadow AI app is an unmanaged identity with credentials that can be phished or stuffed, OAuth grants that give persistent API access to corporate systems, and browser extensions that can be compromised in supply chain attacks. ",{"data":14004,"content":14005,"nodeType":866},{},[14006],{"data":14007,"marks":14008,"value":14009,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI tools increasingly function as hubs, connected via OAuth and MCP to email, cloud storage, code repositories, and other high-value systems. Every app connection an employee grants turns that AI tool into a node in a web of interconnected services, which means the more you hook in, the larger the attack surface across all the connected apps — and the greater the blast radius if the account used to access the AI tool is compromised.",{"data":14011,"content":14012,"nodeType":866},{},[14013,14017,14025,14029,14037],{"data":14014,"marks":14015,"value":14016,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Each integration creates a persistent trust relationship that survives password resets and MFA changes. Compromise a single AI app and an attacker inherits whatever access the employee granted it, turning one ungoverned tool into a pivot point across the SaaS estate. Attackers are already exploiting this interconnectivity — from ",{"data":14018,"content":14020,"nodeType":882},{"uri":14019},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign",[14021],{"data":14022,"marks":14023,"value":14024,"nodeType":865},{},[],"malvertising campaigns that impersonate AI tools",{"data":14026,"marks":14027,"value":14028,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to steal credentials, to ",{"data":14030,"content":14032,"nodeType":882},{"uri":14031},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach",[14033],{"data":14034,"marks":14035,"value":14036,"nodeType":865},{},[],"leveraging OAuth consent grants in supply chain attacks",{"data":14038,"marks":14039,"value":10349,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":14041,"content":14045,"nodeType":925},{"target":14042},{"sys":14043},{"id":14044,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1BWCa7AHCMlYw7XgPLx3h7",[],{"data":14047,"content":14048,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":14050,"content":14051,"nodeType":963},{},[14052],{"data":14053,"marks":14054,"value":14056,"nodeType":865},{},[14055],{"type":961},"The state of shadow AI, using Push data",{"data":14058,"content":14059,"nodeType":866},{},[14060],{"data":14061,"marks":14062,"value":14063,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We analyzed a snapshot of AI activity across Push customers during an average week in April 2026. We wanted to make sure it captured actual activity, not just historical data on apps that were added once and no longer used.",{"data":14065,"content":14066,"nodeType":866},{},[14067],{"data":14068,"marks":14069,"value":14071,"nodeType":865},{},[14070],{"type":961},"The numbers paint a picture that most security teams will find uncomfortable.",{"data":14073,"content":14074,"nodeType":866},{},[14075,14079,14084,14088,14093,14096,14101,14105,14110],{"data":14076,"marks":14077,"value":14078,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The average organization has ",{"data":14080,"marks":14081,"value":14083,"nodeType":865},{},[14082],{"type":961},"16 unique AI apps",{"data":14085,"marks":14086,"value":14087,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in active use, ",{"data":14089,"marks":14090,"value":14092,"nodeType":865},{},[14091],{"type":961},"17 unique AI browser extensions",{"data":14094,"marks":14095,"value":3892,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":14097,"marks":14098,"value":14100,"nodeType":865},{},[14099],{"type":961},"17 unique AI OAuth integrations",{"data":14102,"marks":14103,"value":14104,"nodeType":865},{},[]," connected into just Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 — with some organizations reaching as high as 40 unique AI apps, 163 AI extensions, and 55 OAuth connections to AI apps respectively. At the other end, the smallest organization with the ",{"data":14106,"marks":14107,"value":14109,"nodeType":865},{},[14108],{"type":944},"lowest",{"data":14111,"marks":14112,"value":14113,"nodeType":865},{},[]," adoption level is actively using two. ",{"data":14115,"content":14119,"nodeType":925},{"target":14116},{"sys":14117},{"id":14118,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2AfeiHub5kyZN8wuf6CJch",[],{"data":14121,"content":14122,"nodeType":866},{},[14123],{"data":14124,"marks":14125,"value":14126,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If most organizations have sanctioned one or two core AI assistants/platforms for business use, the gap between what's approved and what's actually happening is significant.",{"data":14128,"content":14131,"nodeType":925},{"target":14129},{"sys":14130},{"id":921,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":14133,"content":14134,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":14136,"content":14137,"nodeType":963},{},[14138],{"data":14139,"marks":14140,"value":14142,"nodeType":865},{},[14141],{"type":961},"Understanding the four categories of shadow AI",{"data":14144,"content":14145,"nodeType":866},{},[14146],{"data":14147,"marks":14148,"value":14149,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow SaaS has always been a problem, but in the context of AI apps there are four categories of shadow IT that security teams need to understand, because each one introduces a different kind of risk and requires a different approach to tackling it.",{"data":14151,"content":14152,"nodeType":1458},{},[14153],{"data":14154,"marks":14155,"value":14157,"nodeType":865},{},[14156],{"type":961},"Shadow AI apps",{"data":14159,"content":14160,"nodeType":866},{},[14161],{"data":14162,"marks":14163,"value":14164,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow apps are AI tools that employees have signed up to and are using for business purposes without approval. This is the most visible dimension of the problem, and the one most people think of when they hear \"shadow AI\" — an employee pastes sensitive internal documents into ChatGPT, uploads confidential files to an AI assistant, or uses an unapproved coding tool to generate production code.",{"data":14166,"content":14167,"nodeType":866},{},[14168],{"data":14169,"marks":14170,"value":14171,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All of that is sensitive data leaving the organization through channels the security team can't see - and often accessible using personal accounts that can be compromised on personal devices or workstations. ",{"data":14173,"content":14174,"nodeType":866},{},[14175,14179,14184],{"data":14176,"marks":14177,"value":14178,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The 2026 DBIR's data loss prevention analysis underscores the scale — shadow AI is now the ",{"data":14180,"marks":14181,"value":14183,"nodeType":865},{},[14182],{"type":961},"third most common non-malicious insider action",{"data":14185,"marks":14186,"value":14187,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in DLP data, a 4x increase year-over-year. Across 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI tools, the most common data types being submitted were source code (28%), images (16%), structured data (14%), documents (13%), and PDFs (10%). That's not employees asking ChatGPT to fix their grammar — it's core intellectual property, production code, and internal documentation flowing into platforms the security team has no visibility into. But shadow apps themselves are only the most obvious part of the problem.",{"data":14189,"content":14190,"nodeType":1458},{},[14191],{"data":14192,"marks":14193,"value":14195,"nodeType":865},{},[14194],{"type":961},"Shadow tenants",{"data":14197,"content":14198,"nodeType":866},{},[14199,14203,14208,14212,14217],{"data":14200,"marks":14201,"value":14202,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even when an organization has approved an AI tool — say, an enterprise ChatGPT deployment — employees frequently access the same app with personal accounts, creating shadow tenants that sit entirely outside organizational control. The DBIR found that ",{"data":14204,"marks":14205,"value":14207,"nodeType":865},{},[14206],{"type":961},"67% of GenAI users on corporate devices are using non-corporate accounts",{"data":14209,"marks":14210,"value":14211,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and our own data shows that ",{"data":14213,"marks":14214,"value":14216,"nodeType":865},{},[14215],{"type":961},"38% of file uploads to AI tools are made from shadow accounts",{"data":14218,"marks":14219,"value":14220,"nodeType":865},{},[]," rather than approved organizational ones.",{"data":14222,"content":14223,"nodeType":866},{},[14224],{"data":14225,"marks":14226,"value":14227,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When an organization approves Claude, ChatGPT, or another core AI platform, you typically also approve the OAuth integration and browser extension for core apps (e.g. M365, Google Workspace, and so on). When that integration is approved, it is approved for all tenants — not just your corporate tenant. ",{"data":14229,"content":14233,"nodeType":925},{"target":14230},{"sys":14231},{"id":14232,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3Rvw0n28AYIM3FQXtHyafD",[],{"data":14235,"content":14236,"nodeType":866},{},[14237],{"data":14238,"marks":14239,"value":14240,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means that even if you've deployed enterprise controls around your sanctioned AI tools — DLP policies, retention settings, admin oversight — more than a third of the file uploads hitting AI tools are bypassing those controls entirely because they're happening through personal accounts on corporate devices.",{"data":14242,"content":14243,"nodeType":1458},{},[14244],{"data":14245,"marks":14246,"value":14248,"nodeType":865},{},[14247],{"type":961},"Shadow extensions",{"data":14250,"content":14251,"nodeType":866},{},[14252,14256,14260],{"data":14253,"marks":14254,"value":14255,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Many AI tools come with a browser extension counterpart, and there's a large ecosystem of third-party AI extensions that offer everything from writing assistance to automated data extraction. The average organization in our dataset has ",{"data":14257,"marks":14258,"value":14092,"nodeType":865},{},[14259],{"type":961},{"data":14261,"marks":14262,"value":14263,"nodeType":865},{},[]," deployed across its workforce, with the highest we observed reaching 163 — and since each of those average 17 different extensions may be installed by multiple employees, the actual number of individual extension installs across the organization is much higher still.",{"data":14265,"content":14266,"nodeType":866},{},[14267,14271,14278,14282,14287],{"data":14268,"marks":14269,"value":14270,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The extension dimension is particularly concerning because most extensions operate with significant privilege inside the browser — they can read and modify page content, access cookies and session tokens, and interact with virtually every web application an employee uses. As we detailed in our recent analysis of ",{"data":14272,"content":14273,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4136},[14274],{"data":14275,"marks":14276,"value":14277,"nodeType":865},{},[],"browser extension risk scoring",{"data":14279,"marks":14280,"value":14281,"nodeType":865},{},[],", at least ",{"data":14283,"marks":14284,"value":14286,"nodeType":865},{},[14285],{"type":961},"46.76% of all extensions across Push customers have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":14288,"marks":14289,"value":14290,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and the extensions involved in every major supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as normal or low-risk beforehand.",{"data":14292,"content":14296,"nodeType":925},{"target":14293},{"sys":14294},{"id":14295,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3z4JOMALI52xoOXZkzPHLD",[],{"data":14298,"content":14299,"nodeType":866},{},[14300,14304,14311],{"data":14301,"marks":14302,"value":14303,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI extensions add a specific wrinkle to this problem: many are branded to look like official companions to well-known AI tools but are actually third-party creations with no affiliation to the original vendor. They're not necessarily malicious at the point of installation, but they're exactly the kind of extension that's likely to be ",{"data":14305,"content":14306,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4136},[14307],{"data":14308,"marks":14309,"value":14310,"nodeType":865},{},[],"acquired and weaponized",{"data":14312,"marks":14313,"value":14314,"nodeType":865},{},[]," down the line — and in the meantime, they're collecting data that their permissions entitle them to (which, in most cases, means everything the user can see in their browser).",{"data":14316,"content":14320,"nodeType":925},{"target":14317},{"sys":14318},{"id":14319,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6K3z67rohss6H3lCsSn12B",[],{"data":14322,"content":14323,"nodeType":1458},{},[14324],{"data":14325,"marks":14326,"value":14328,"nodeType":865},{},[14327],{"type":961},"Shadow integrations",{"data":14330,"content":14331,"nodeType":866},{},[14332],{"data":14333,"marks":14334,"value":14335,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The fourth dimension — and arguably the most dangerous — is shadow integrations: OAuth connections between AI tools and core enterprise apps that aren't known or approved by the security team. Even if an organization has approved an AI tool for standalone use, plugging that tool directly into Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Salesforce, or any other one of the dozen or so SaaS apps in a typical user’s work stack is a fundamentally different risk decision, because it creates a persistent, programmatic bridge between your environment and a third party.",{"data":14337,"content":14338,"nodeType":866},{},[14339,14343,14348,14352,14357],{"data":14340,"marks":14341,"value":14342,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On average, we see ",{"data":14344,"marks":14345,"value":14347,"nodeType":865},{},[14346],{"type":961},"17 unique AI app OAuth integrations per organization",{"data":14349,"marks":14350,"value":14351,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in ",{"data":14353,"marks":14354,"value":14356,"nodeType":865},{},[14355],{"type":944},"just",{"data":14358,"marks":14359,"value":14360,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 (to be clear: this number excludes the dozens of downstream apps the AI assistants are integrated with as well), with the highest reaching 55. Each of those represents a unique AI product that has been granted OAuth access — the total number of individual consent grants across users is larger, because popular integrations get authorized by multiple employees independently.",{"data":14362,"content":14363,"nodeType":866},{},[14364],{"data":14365,"marks":14366,"value":14367,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The actual number of AI-related OAuth connections across the full SaaS estate is considerably higher again, because AI tools that automate workflows need to be connected to be useful — pulling data from one app, analyzing it in another, presenting results in a third.",{"data":14369,"content":14370,"nodeType":866},{},[14371],{"data":14372,"marks":14373,"value":14374,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MCP connections use OAuth to achieve this interconnectivity in the same way, and AI coding agents create a particularly concentrated version of the risk: a single agent configuration can hold OAuth tokens for Jira, Confluence, Salesforce, GitHub, and more, meaning that compromising one agent — whether through prompt injection, a malicious repository config, or a supply chain attack on an MCP server — yields persistent, broadly scoped tokens for every service it was connected to, tokens that survive session restarts and generate audit log entries indistinguishable from legitimate user activity.",{"data":14376,"content":14377,"nodeType":866},{},[14378],{"data":14379,"marks":14380,"value":14381,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It's also worth noting that OAuth blast radius is almost always larger than organizations expect. A single well-permissioned user can expose secrets, dashboards, and internal tooling without tenant-wide admin access. And every new AI tool an employee connects makes the web of abusable permissions a little wider.",{"data":14383,"content":14387,"nodeType":925},{"target":14384},{"sys":14385},{"id":14386,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4SnzJ9T93gHzFIUASx7Yb3",[],{"data":14389,"content":14390,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":14392,"content":14393,"nodeType":963},{},[14394],{"data":14395,"marks":14396,"value":14398,"nodeType":865},{},[14397],{"type":961},"Why shadow AI needs a different solution to shadow SaaS",{"data":14400,"content":14401,"nodeType":866},{},[14402],{"data":14403,"marks":14404,"value":14405,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The reason it's worth distinguishing between these four dimensions isn't academic. Each one requires a different control, and addressing one doesn't solve the others.",{"data":14407,"content":14408,"nodeType":866},{},[14409],{"data":14410,"marks":14411,"value":14412,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Blocking unsanctioned AI apps does nothing for the personal accounts accessing approved ones, and neither addresses the average 17 different AI extensions running with broad browser permissions, let alone the dozens of OAuth integrations that have already been granted persistent access to core enterprise apps — and even auditing OAuth in Google Workspace and Microsoft 365, where the controls are relatively mature, leaves the broader SaaS estate unaddressed, where admin tooling is inconsistent and visibility is limited.",{"data":14414,"content":14415,"nodeType":866},{},[14416,14420,14427],{"data":14417,"marks":14418,"value":14419,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The tooling gap compounds the policy gap. 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And two years on, that trend has become the story of the modern threat landscape. ",{"data":16114,"content":16115,"nodeType":866},{},[16116,16120,16128],{"data":16117,"marks":16118,"value":16119,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Today, we're re-releasing the matrix as the ",{"data":16121,"content":16123,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16122},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/",[16124],{"data":16125,"marks":16126,"value":16127,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix",{"data":16129,"marks":16130,"value":16131,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The name change isn't cosmetic. It reflects that the attacks driving the most consequential breaches are browser-based and identity-first.",{"data":16133,"content":16137,"nodeType":925},{"target":16134},{"sys":16135},{"id":16136,"type":922,"linkType":923},"MSnrBRJtiQxpv2qxFLCVE",[],{"data":16139,"content":16140,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":16142,"content":16143,"nodeType":963},{},[16144],{"data":16145,"marks":16146,"value":16148,"nodeType":865},{},[16147],{"type":961},"Why the scope needed to change",{"data":16150,"content":16151,"nodeType":866},{},[16152],{"data":16153,"marks":16154,"value":16155,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The original SaaS attack matrix was built around a specific insight: that attacks targeting modern business applications played out entirely over the internet, without touching endpoints or internal networks in any way that EDR or network detection tools would recognize.",{"data":16157,"content":16158,"nodeType":866},{},[16159],{"data":16160,"marks":16161,"value":16162,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That framing was useful, and it remains true. But it anchored the matrix to the post-access phase — what attackers do once they're inside a SaaS application — and didn't give enough weight to the initial access techniques that determine whether attackers get there in the first place.",{"data":16164,"content":16165,"nodeType":866},{},[16166],{"data":16167,"marks":16168,"value":16169,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The problem is that initial access is where the overwhelming majority of attacker innovation and investment is concentrated, and the techniques being used to achieve it are best understood as browser and identity attacks rather than SaaS-specific ones. AiTM phishing, ClickFix and its growing family of clipboard-injection variants, device code phishing, OAuth consent abuse, credential stuffing powered by infostealer supply chains, malicious browser extensions all happen in or via the browser.",{"data":16171,"content":16172,"nodeType":866},{},[16173],{"data":16174,"marks":16175,"value":16176,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another issue is that \"SaaS\" has arguably ceased to be a meaningful category. When we consider that most organizations run the majority of their business on cloud applications, the difference between what constitutes \"SaaS\" versus cloud versus just \"business IT\" is pretty blurry (and feels like an academic rather than practical difference).",{"data":16178,"content":16179,"nodeType":866},{},[16180],{"data":16181,"marks":16182,"value":16184,"nodeType":865},{},[16183],{"type":961},"So it's less about whether an attack is a \"SaaS attack\" and more about how these attacks actually play out. ",{"data":16186,"content":16187,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":16189,"content":16190,"nodeType":963},{},[16191],{"data":16192,"marks":16193,"value":16195,"nodeType":865},{},[16194],{"type":961},"The technique landscape has transformed",{"data":16197,"content":16198,"nodeType":866},{},[16199],{"data":16200,"marks":16201,"value":16202,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The second part to the change is the fact that scale and speed of attacker innovation in the space justifies it.",{"data":16204,"content":16205,"nodeType":866},{},[16206],{"data":16207,"marks":16208,"value":16209,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we launched the matrix in mid-2023, AiTM phishing was emerging as a serious concern but was far from ubiquitous. ClickFix didn't exist as a named technique. Device code phishing was a curiosity documented by a handful of researchers. ConsentFix was years away from being discovered. Browser extension supply chain attacks were rare enough to be individually notable.",{"data":16211,"content":16212,"nodeType":866},{},[16213],{"data":16214,"marks":16215,"value":16216,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the two and a half years since, every one of these has become a mainstream, industrialized attack technique — and several have converged in ways that would have been hard to predict.",{"data":16218,"content":16222,"nodeType":925},{"target":16219},{"sys":16220},{"id":16221,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5Kw2kSrL8u4VyslxK8HCtR",[],{"data":16224,"content":16225,"nodeType":1458},{},[16226],{"data":16227,"marks":16228,"value":16230,"nodeType":865},{},[16229],{"type":961},"AiTM phishing has become the default phishing method",{"data":16232,"content":16233,"nodeType":866},{},[16234,16238,16245],{"data":16235,"marks":16236,"value":16237,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM phishing is now the standard, powered by Phishing-as-a-Service kits that operate with the release cycles and customer support of legitimate SaaS products. Tycoon 2FA alone accounted for ",{"data":16239,"content":16240,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8581},[16241],{"data":16242,"marks":16243,"value":16244,"nodeType":865},{},[],"62% of phishing detected by Microsoft",{"data":16246,"marks":16247,"value":16248,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and over 64,000 confirmed incidents, with Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx, and a growing roster of competitors filling out the marketplace.",{"data":16250,"content":16251,"nodeType":866},{},[16252],{"data":16253,"marks":16254,"value":16255,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM is constantly evolving, with vendors adding new features, capabilities, detection evasion techniques, and so on. Abuse of legitimate platforms, and increasingly AI-assisted development means that it’s trivial for attackers to spin up and tear down infrastructure, scale their campaigns, target specific organizations with crafted pages and lures, and generally means that attackers can operate highly sophisticated attacks with minimal effort and complexity. This makes AiTM and other PhaaS-powered techniques extremely accessible to all kinds of criminals.  ",{"data":16257,"content":16258,"nodeType":866},{},[16259],{"data":16260,"marks":16261,"value":16262,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These kits are delivered across several browser-based channels — not just email. Push data consistently shows that roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads we intercept arrive via social media, search ads, messaging apps, or other non-email vectors.",{"data":16264,"content":16265,"nodeType":866},{},[16266,16270,16275],{"data":16267,"marks":16268,"value":16269,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Vishing has also surged as a delivery channel — CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":16271,"marks":16272,"value":16274,"nodeType":865},{},[16273],{"type":961},"442% year-over-year increase",{"data":16276,"marks":16277,"value":16278,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and Mandiant found it was the single most common initial vector in cloud compromises at 23%. But the trend that matters isn't voice calls in isolation; it's voice calls combined with browser-based payloads, where a live operator guides the victim into an AiTM page or device code flow that the call alone could not execute.",{"data":16280,"content":16281,"nodeType":1458},{},[16282],{"data":16283,"marks":16284,"value":16286,"nodeType":865},{},[16285],{"type":961},"ClickFix is the top reported initial access vector",{"data":16288,"content":16289,"nodeType":866},{},[16290,16294,16301,16305,16312],{"data":16291,"marks":16292,"value":16293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix has gone from nonexistent to one of the most prevalent initial access techniques in under 18 months. Microsoft reported it as the ",{"data":16295,"content":16296,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10494},[16297],{"data":16298,"marks":16299,"value":16300,"nodeType":865},{},[],"most common initial access vector in 2025",{"data":16302,"marks":16303,"value":16304,"nodeType":865},{},[],", accounting for 47% of observed attacks, while CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":16306,"content":16307,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1362},[16308],{"data":16309,"marks":16310,"value":16311,"nodeType":865},{},[],"563% increase",{"data":16313,"marks":16314,"value":16315,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in fake CAPTCHA lures (a top ClickFix style).",{"data":16317,"content":16318,"nodeType":866},{},[16319,16323,16328],{"data":16320,"marks":16321,"value":16322,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix is admittedly an outlier in a browser attacks matrix — the payload ultimately executes on the endpoint, not in the browser — but the delivery is overwhelmingly browser-based: ",{"data":16324,"marks":16325,"value":16327,"nodeType":865},{},[16326],{"type":961},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads",{"data":16329,"marks":16330,"value":16331,"nodeType":865},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive via search engines as a result of malvertising or compromised web pages, not email, which means the browser is the only control point that actually sees the attack before the user pastes the malicious command.",{"data":16333,"content":16334,"nodeType":866},{},[16335],{"data":16336,"marks":16337,"value":16338,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix is now the primary delivery mechanism for infostealer malware, which is in turn the primary source of the stolen credentials and session tokens that power credential stuffing and session hijacking — which means the technique sits at the start of a cycle where one class of browser-delivered attack generates the raw material for the next.",{"data":16340,"content":16341,"nodeType":866},{},[16342,16346,16353,16357,16363],{"data":16343,"marks":16344,"value":16345,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The success of ClickFix has predictably spawned a growing family of derivatives — FileFix, CrashFix, ",{"data":16347,"content":16348,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11342},[16349],{"data":16350,"marks":16351,"value":16352,"nodeType":865},{},[],"InstallFix",{"data":16354,"marks":16355,"value":16356,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — and much of the naming is marketing hype around variations on the same clipboard-injection mechanic. But ",{"data":16358,"content":16359,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11102},[16360],{"data":16361,"marks":16362,"value":11095,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16364,"marks":16365,"value":16366,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was a genuinely novel development.",{"data":16368,"content":16369,"nodeType":1458},{},[16370],{"data":16371,"marks":16372,"value":16374,"nodeType":865},{},[16373],{"type":961},"Browser-native ClickFix: ConsentFix",{"data":16376,"content":16377,"nodeType":866},{},[16378,16382,16390,16394,16401],{"data":16379,"marks":16380,"value":16381,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix is a fully browser-native attack that merged ClickFix-style social engineering with OAuth consent abuse, compromising accounts through a legitimate Microsoft authorization flow with no endpoint component at all. ConsentFix was ",{"data":16383,"content":16385,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16384},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-debrief/",[16386],{"data":16387,"marks":16388,"value":16389,"nodeType":865},{},[],"traced to APT29",{"data":16391,"marks":16392,"value":16393,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and has since been ",{"data":16395,"content":16396,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3009},[16397],{"data":16398,"marks":16399,"value":16400,"nodeType":865},{},[],"commercialized on criminal forums",{"data":16402,"marks":16403,"value":16404,"nodeType":865},{},[],", following the same path from state-sponsored technique to commodity criminal tooling that we've seen repeatedly in this space.",{"data":16406,"content":16407,"nodeType":866},{},[16408],{"data":16409,"marks":16410,"value":16411,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix demonstrates that the clipboard-injection mechanic can evolve into something that operates entirely within the browser, eliminating the endpoint detection surface that traditional ClickFix still exposed.",{"data":16413,"content":16414,"nodeType":1458},{},[16415],{"data":16416,"marks":16417,"value":16419,"nodeType":865},{},[16418],{"type":961},"Attackers have pivoted to authorization attacks to get around login controls",{"data":16421,"content":16422,"nodeType":866},{},[16423,16427,16434],{"data":16424,"marks":16425,"value":16426,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Authorization attacks like device code phishing have seen a ",{"data":16428,"content":16429,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[16430],{"data":16431,"marks":16432,"value":16433,"nodeType":865},{},[],"37.5x increase",{"data":16435,"marks":16436,"value":16437,"nodeType":865},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with at least 12 distinct kits now offering the technique. It bypasses standard authentication controls — including passkeys — because the attack occurs through the OAuth device authorization flow rather than the standard login flow. ",{"data":16439,"content":16440,"nodeType":866},{},[16441],{"data":16442,"marks":16443,"value":16444,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The technique was first associated with nation-state actors like Storm-2372, but went from espionage-grade to commodity PhaaS tooling in roughly eighteen months, with kits like EvilTokens and Venom now offering turnkey device code phishing as a service.",{"data":16446,"content":16447,"nodeType":866},{},[16448],{"data":16449,"marks":16450,"value":16451,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The device code authorization is effectively performed post-authentication. If you already have an active session in your browser, entering the device code and selecting your account from a drop-down menu is all that's needed. No password or MFA required. You can see an example in the video below.",{"data":16453,"content":16457,"nodeType":925},{"target":16454},{"sys":16455},{"id":16456,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2WPb41lNRajdpt5pogQg8M",[],{"data":16459,"content":16460,"nodeType":866},{},[16461],{"data":16462,"marks":16463,"value":16464,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And the ecosystem is adapting to this opportunity: established AiTM vendors like Tycoon are adding authorization-focused options alongside their existing credential-harvesting capabilities, which points toward multi-technique platforms where operators pick the right tool for whatever defenses the target has in place.",{"data":16466,"content":16467,"nodeType":1458},{},[16468],{"data":16469,"marks":16470,"value":16472,"nodeType":865},{},[16471],{"type":961},"Malicious and hacked browser extensions are one of the fastest growing threats",{"data":16474,"content":16475,"nodeType":866},{},[16476,16480,16487],{"data":16477,"marks":16478,"value":16479,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions have matured from an occasional nuisance into a scalable supply chain attack vector. The ",{"data":16481,"content":16482,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4136},[16483],{"data":16484,"marks":16485,"value":16486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cyberhaven compromise",{"data":16488,"marks":16489,"value":16490,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in December 2024 — where approximately 35 extensions were weaponized through a single OAuth phishing campaign targeting developers — impacted 2.6 million users and demonstrated that extension supply chain attacks can achieve the kind of reach that used to require a compromised software update server.",{"data":16492,"content":16493,"nodeType":866},{},[16494],{"data":16495,"marks":16496,"value":16497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Since Cyberhaven, the pace has only accelerated. In 2026 alone, researchers have publicly disclosed at least 250 confirmed malicious browser extensions affecting roughly 1.75 million users, alongside a further 370+ extensions engaged in undisclosed or policy-disclosed data harvesting affecting an additional 44 million users. That doesn't count the extensions from late-2025 campaigns (DarkSpectre, AITOPIA, Trust Wallet) whose impacts carried into 2026.",{"data":16499,"content":16500,"nodeType":866},{},[16501,16505,16513],{"data":16502,"marks":16503,"value":16504,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack paths have also expanded. Beyond phishing developers for take over Web Store accounts (the Cyberhaven playbook), attackers are buying existing extensions from developers, waiting for ownership transfers or abandonments to take over, and increasingly vibe-coding their own functional extensions from scratch to build an audience that can later be weaponized. The common thread is that ",{"data":16506,"content":16507,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4136},[16508],{"data":16509,"marks":16510,"value":16512,"nodeType":865},{},[16511],{"type":997},"most malicious extensions didn't start out malicious",{"data":16514,"marks":16515,"value":16516,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — they started as legitimate tools and were turned into weapons after the fact.",{"data":16518,"content":16519,"nodeType":866},{},[16520],{"data":16521,"marks":16522,"value":16523,"nodeType":865},{},[],"None of this is happening in isolation. The threat landscape has reoriented around browser-based initial access and identity compromise — and the matrix needed to catch up.",{"data":16525,"content":16526,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":16528,"content":16529,"nodeType":963},{},[16530],{"data":16531,"marks":16532,"value":16534,"nodeType":865},{},[16533],{"type":961},"The evolution is playing out in public breaches",{"data":16536,"content":16537,"nodeType":866},{},[16538],{"data":16539,"marks":16540,"value":16541,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth reinforcing that when the SaaS matrix was first released, many of these attacks hadn’t been seen in the wild. The change today is staggering:",{"data":16543,"content":16544,"nodeType":1049},{},[16545,16566,16588,16608],{"data":16546,"content":16547,"nodeType":1003},{},[16548],{"data":16549,"content":16550,"nodeType":866},{},[16551,16555,16562],{"data":16552,"marks":16553,"value":16554,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When ",{"data":16556,"content":16557,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8759},[16558],{"data":16559,"marks":16560,"value":16561,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters",{"data":16563,"marks":16564,"value":16565,"nodeType":865},{},[]," compromised over a thousand organizations' Salesforce tenants through device code phishing, the attack started with a phone call, moved through a browser-based authorization flow for the attacker’s app, and ended with mass data exfiltration via API.",{"data":16567,"content":16568,"nodeType":1003},{},[16569],{"data":16570,"content":16571,"nodeType":866},{},[16572,16576,16584],{"data":16573,"marks":16574,"value":16575,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When the same collective launched ",{"data":16577,"content":16579,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16578},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-latest-slh-campaign/",[16580],{"data":16581,"marks":16582,"value":16583,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM phishing campaigns",{"data":16585,"marks":16586,"value":16587,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeting Okta and Entra SSO, the phishing page was operated by a human in real time and delivered over a voice call — not email.",{"data":16589,"content":16590,"nodeType":1003},{},[16591],{"data":16592,"content":16593,"nodeType":866},{},[16594,16597,16604],{"data":16595,"marks":16596,"value":16554,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16598,"content":16599,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11102},[16600],{"data":16601,"marks":16602,"value":16603,"nodeType":865},{},[],"APT29 deployed ConsentFix",{"data":16605,"marks":16606,"value":16607,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across dozens of compromised websites, the entire attack chain was browser-native, abusing a legitimate Microsoft OAuth flow to bypass MFA without proxying a single credential.",{"data":16609,"content":16610,"nodeType":1003},{},[16611],{"data":16612,"content":16613,"nodeType":866},{},[16614,16617,16624],{"data":16615,"marks":16616,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16618,"content":16620,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16619},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024",[16621],{"data":16622,"marks":16623,"value":3909,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16625,"marks":16626,"value":16627,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — arguably the most consequential credential-based campaign of the past several years — saw 165 organizations breached using credentials that had been sitting in infostealer dumps for years, replayed against Snowflake tenants that lacked mandatory MFA. The attack surface wasn't Snowflake's application logic; it was the identity hygiene gap that every organization carries across hundreds of apps.",{"data":16629,"content":16630,"nodeType":866},{},[16631],{"data":16632,"marks":16633,"value":16634,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And that’s just the big picture. Every month we’re tracking new public breaches involving browser and identity TTPs — which again, are just the tip of the iceberg when you consider that many breaches are settled quietly without hitting the headlines. ",{"data":16636,"content":16637,"nodeType":866},{},[16638,16642,16647],{"data":16639,"marks":16640,"value":16641,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the key drivers here is the shrinking time-to-exploit. CrowdStrike's average e-crime breakout time is down to ",{"data":16643,"marks":16644,"value":16646,"nodeType":865},{},[16645],{"type":961},"29 minutes",{"data":16648,"marks":16649,"value":16650,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with the fastest recorded at 27 seconds. When attackers can move from initial access to data exfiltration within minutes, the window for post-compromise detection collapses to near zero. The best chance of stopping the attack is at the point of initial access before the identity is compromised.",{"data":16652,"content":16653,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":16655,"content":16656,"nodeType":963},{},[16657,16662,16668,16673,16679],{"data":16658,"marks":16659,"value":16661,"nodeType":865},{},[16660],{"type":961},"Sidenote: why we're looking at attacks ",{"data":16663,"marks":16664,"value":16667,"nodeType":865},{},[16665,16666],{"type":944},{"type":961},"in",{"data":16669,"marks":16670,"value":16672,"nodeType":865},{},[16671],{"type":961}," the browser, not ",{"data":16674,"marks":16675,"value":16678,"nodeType":865},{},[16676,16677],{"type":944},{"type":961},"on",{"data":16680,"marks":16681,"value":16683,"nodeType":865},{},[16682],{"type":961}," the browser",{"data":16685,"content":16686,"nodeType":866},{},[16687,16691,16699],{"data":16688,"marks":16689,"value":16690,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Calling this a \"browser attacks\" matrix needs clarification. We're not talking about browser exploits — RCE vulnerabilities, sandbox escapes, memory corruption bugs. Those attacks target the browser itself, they're extraordinarily expensive to develop, and they're increasingly rare. Browser zero-days hit a ",{"data":16692,"content":16694,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16693},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/2025-zero-day-review",[16695],{"data":16696,"marks":16697,"value":16698,"nodeType":865},{},[],"historic low of 9%",{"data":16700,"marks":16701,"value":16702,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of all zero-days reported to Google, and a Chrome RCE commands a $250,000 bug bounty.",{"data":16704,"content":16705,"nodeType":866},{},[16706],{"data":16707,"marks":16708,"value":16709,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In comparison, a one-year phishing kit rental costs $1,000. A bulk stolen credential list costs $15. An initial-access-broker-provided IdP admin account costs $3,000. When it costs orders of magnitude less to exploit the person using the browser than to exploit the browser itself, attackers will take the cheaper option every time.",{"data":16711,"content":16712,"nodeType":866},{},[16713],{"data":16714,"marks":16715,"value":16716,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It's worth heading off the obvious counterargument: won't AI-assisted vulnerability discovery eventually make browser exploits cheaper? Perhaps — but it will simultaneously make them easier for browser vendors to find and patch, and vendors like Google and Microsoft have the engineering capacity and financial incentive to scale AI-driven remediation far faster than attackers can scale exploit development.",{"data":16718,"content":16719,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":16721,"content":16722,"nodeType":963},{},[16723],{"data":16724,"marks":16725,"value":16727,"nodeType":865},{},[16726],{"type":961},"What hasn't changed",{"data":16729,"content":16730,"nodeType":866},{},[16731,16735,16743],{"data":16732,"marks":16733,"value":16734,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The matrix remains open-source, community-maintained, and available on ",{"data":16736,"content":16738,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16737},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks",[16739],{"data":16740,"marks":16741,"value":16742,"nodeType":865},{},[],"GitHub",{"data":16744,"marks":16745,"value":16746,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The goal is the same as it was in 2023: to give offensive and defensive security teams a shared reference point for the techniques that matter most.",{"data":16748,"content":16749,"nodeType":866},{},[16750],{"data":16751,"marks":16752,"value":16753,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We built it because there was a gap in how the industry talked about these techniques, and that gap still exists — MITRE ATT&CK remains essential for endpoint and network TTPs, but the browser-based, identity-first techniques behind most modern breaches are still underrepresented in traditional frameworks.",{"data":16755,"content":16756,"nodeType":866},{},[16757],{"data":16758,"marks":16759,"value":16760,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We continue to maintain the matrix with input from red teams, detection engineers, and threat researchers across the community. Some of the most valuable additions over the past two years have come from practitioners who encountered a technique on an engagement or in an investigation and contributed it back to the repository.",{"data":16762,"content":16763,"nodeType":866},{},[16764,16768,16775],{"data":16765,"marks":16766,"value":16767,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you're an offensive security professional using these techniques on engagements, or a defender building detections against them, we want to hear from you. Submit a PR, open a discussion, or flag a technique we've missed on ",{"data":16769,"content":16771,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16770},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/browser-identity-attacks-matrix",[16772],{"data":16773,"marks":16774,"value":16742,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16776,"marks":16777,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16779,"content":16780,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":16782,"content":16783,"nodeType":963},{},[16784],{"data":16785,"marks":16786,"value":16788,"nodeType":865},{},[16787],{"type":961},"Looking ahead",{"data":16790,"content":16791,"nodeType":866},{},[16792],{"data":16793,"marks":16794,"value":16795,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The pace of attacker innovation in browser-based initial access techniques over the past 18 months has been unlike anything we've tracked before — technique after technique moving from research curiosity to industrialized criminal tooling within months, not years.",{"data":16797,"content":16798,"nodeType":1049},{},[16799,16809,16819],{"data":16800,"content":16801,"nodeType":1003},{},[16802],{"data":16803,"content":16804,"nodeType":866},{},[16805],{"data":16806,"marks":16807,"value":16808,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM platforms are adding authorization-based attack options alongside their credential-harvesting capabilities.",{"data":16810,"content":16811,"nodeType":1003},{},[16812],{"data":16813,"content":16814,"nodeType":866},{},[16815],{"data":16816,"marks":16817,"value":16818,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix has spawned fully browser-native variants.",{"data":16820,"content":16821,"nodeType":1003},{},[16822],{"data":16823,"content":16824,"nodeType":866},{},[16825],{"data":16826,"marks":16827,"value":16828,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is lowering the cost of producing convincing social engineering and phishing infrastructure at scale.",{"data":16830,"content":16831,"nodeType":866},{},[16832],{"data":16833,"marks":16834,"value":16835,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We don't see any of this slowing down, and that's exactly why thinking about these attacks as a browser problem instead of siloing them across email, endpoint, network, and cloud categories, each with a partial view of the picture (and still missing the whole when combined).",{"data":16837,"content":16838,"nodeType":866},{},[16839,16843,16850],{"data":16840,"marks":16841,"value":16842,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix is our contribution to keeping that shared understanding current. You can ",{"data":16844,"content":16845,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16122},[16846],{"data":16847,"marks":16848,"value":16849,"nodeType":865},{},[],"explore the matrix here",{"data":16851,"marks":16852,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16854,"content":16855,"nodeType":866},{},[16856,16860,16867],{"data":16857,"marks":16858,"value":16859,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also read our recent ",{"data":16861,"content":16862,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5636},[16863],{"data":16864,"marks":16865,"value":16866,"nodeType":865},{},[],"browser attack techniques report",{"data":16868,"marks":16869,"value":16870,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for more information.",{"data":16872,"content":16876,"nodeType":925},{"target":16873},{"sys":16874},{"id":16875,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1hx6sxpyEzxn4F4jc1RGQi",[],{"data":16878,"content":16879,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":16881,"content":16882,"nodeType":866},{},[16883],{"data":16884,"marks":16885,"value":16886,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",{"data":16888,"content":16889,"nodeType":866},{},[16890,16893,16899],{"data":16891,"marks":16892,"value":1725,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16894,"content":16895,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[16896],{"data":16897,"marks":16898,"value":1734,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":16900,"marks":16901,"value":1738,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Introducing the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix","We're re-releasing the SaaS attack matrix as the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix. Here's why we've decided to make the change and what it means.","2026-05-08T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-the-browser-and-identity-attacks-matrix",{"items":16907},[16908,16910],{"sys":16909,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":16911,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":16913},[16914],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":16915},{"url":11434},{"__typename":1788,"sys":16917,"content":16919,"title":17854,"synopsis":17855,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":17856,"slug":17857,"tagsCollection":17858,"authorsCollection":17864},{"id":16918},"1jfqiWQlL6qkn3i9yjNbFB",{"json":16920},{"data":16921,"content":16922,"nodeType":1739},{},[16923,16930,16951,16963,16970,16978,16985,17007,17014,17021,17028,17040,17046,17049,17057,17073,17092,17203,17209,17216,17222,17230,17237,17249,17256,17262,17269,17292,17299,17306,17312,17315,17323,17330,17338,17345,17360,17367,17374,17382,17389,17396,17404,17411,17418,17421,17429,17436,17444,17451,17458,17465,17472,17480,17487,17519,17526,17533,17539,17546,17554,17561,17639,17645,17653,17669,17676,17682,17689,17705,17708,17716,17723,17730,17736,17743,17788,17795,17802,17809,17815,17818,17826,17832,17838],{"data":16924,"content":16925,"nodeType":866},{},[16926],{"data":16927,"marks":16928,"value":16929,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In March, our threat hunting engine flagged something it hadn’t seen before.",{"data":16931,"content":16932,"nodeType":866},{},[16933,16937,16947],{"data":16934,"marks":16935,"value":16936,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our research team had already been tracking the growing use of ",{"data":16938,"content":16942,"nodeType":16946},{"target":16939},{"sys":16940},{"id":16941,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2U6QpQ9rkY8x5ES48okHZB",[16943],{"data":16944,"marks":16945,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[],"entry-hyperlink",{"data":16948,"marks":16949,"value":16950,"nodeType":865},{},[]," tied to phishing campaigns. Malvertising frequently targets users via Google Search results, inserting malicious ads or redirects in place of legitimate ads, and using the familiar context of the search results page to trick users into clicking.",{"data":16952,"content":16953,"nodeType":866},{},[16954,16958],{"data":16955,"marks":16956,"value":16957,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To defend Push customers against this threat, we needed a way to spot malicious activity arising from clicking on Google ads. ",{"data":16959,"marks":16960,"value":16962,"nodeType":865},{},[16961],{"type":944},"But how to separate signal from noise?",{"data":16964,"content":16965,"nodeType":866},{},[16966],{"data":16967,"marks":16968,"value":16969,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our hunt combined the skills of human researchers and AI agents to find 12 meaningful results from trillions of browser events visible to the Push extension across our install base.",{"data":16971,"content":16972,"nodeType":866},{},[16973],{"data":16974,"marks":16975,"value":16977,"nodeType":865},{},[16976],{"type":961},"Of those, one was novel. ",{"data":16979,"content":16980,"nodeType":866},{},[16981],{"data":16982,"marks":16983,"value":16984,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A user had searched for NotebookLM, clicked a paid Google ad, and gotten redirected to a page impersonating NotebookLM. The page itself was just a facade fronting a Cloudflare Pages-hosted phishing kit with a WebAssembly C2 connector. To the user, it looked like a completely on-brand NotebookLM page, and if they had run the fake install prompt, they would have installed malware. (Note: NotebookLM doesn’t even require a local install, but the page was convincing enough — and AI platforms are changing so quickly — that the lure was extremely believable.)",{"data":16986,"content":16987,"nodeType":866},{},[16988,16993,17003],{"data":16989,"marks":16990,"value":16992,"nodeType":865},{},[16991],{"type":961},"We had found our first in-the-wild ",{"data":16994,"content":16998,"nodeType":16946},{"target":16995},{"sys":16996},{"id":16997,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7bG71Eo43crbIHKzczooVS",[16999],{"data":17000,"marks":17001,"value":11347,"nodeType":865},{},[17002],{"type":961},{"data":17004,"marks":17005,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[17006],{"type":961},{"data":17008,"content":17009,"nodeType":866},{},[17010],{"data":17011,"marks":17012,"value":17013,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Within minutes, our analysis agents created detections, and researchers shipped a new detection to every Push customer. ",{"data":17015,"content":17016,"nodeType":866},{},[17017],{"data":17018,"marks":17019,"value":17020,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Eighteen months ago, it would have taken a human analyst days or even weeks to unpack the attack, comb through web requests, de-obfuscate web code, trace JavaScript execution, and extract signals of tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) beyond short-lived single-use IOCs like domain name, then get their work coded up as a detection and deployed to customers. ",{"data":17022,"content":17023,"nodeType":866},{},[17024],{"data":17025,"marks":17026,"value":17027,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That was viable when new tools or techniques showed up once or twice a quarter. It doesn’t stand a chance when attack evolutions occur weekly or even daily. That’s the reality now with AI-generated adversary tools.",{"data":17029,"content":17030,"nodeType":866},{},[17031,17036],{"data":17032,"marks":17033,"value":17035,"nodeType":865},{},[17034],{"type":961},"So, can AI agents replace human threat researchers?",{"data":17037,"marks":17038,"value":17039,"nodeType":865},{},[]," That’s the wrong question. Can AI agents massively scale the expertise of a seasoned human threat hunter without getting bored of repetitive tasks, missing pertinent but easily overlooked details, or creating operational siloes dependent on one person’s knowledge — and do its work continuously across trillions of data points? Yes, absolutely.",{"data":17041,"content":17045,"nodeType":925},{"target":17042},{"sys":17043},{"id":17044,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3OiZ7BrViCTTMmHUAbloEt",[],{"data":17047,"content":17048,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":17050,"content":17051,"nodeType":963},{},[17052],{"data":17053,"marks":17054,"value":17056,"nodeType":865},{},[17055],{"type":961},"Why scaling browser threat detection requires more than more analysts",{"data":17058,"content":17059,"nodeType":866},{},[17060,17064,17069],{"data":17061,"marks":17062,"value":17063,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Already this year, we’ve ",{"data":17065,"marks":17066,"value":17068,"nodeType":865},{},[17067],{"type":961},"tripled",{"data":17070,"marks":17071,"value":17072,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the cumulative number of detections shipped to Push customers using this pipeline. That output points to the first problem we set out to solve by employing AI agents: Scaling our research team’s considerable expertise.",{"data":17074,"content":17075,"nodeType":866},{},[17076,17080,17088],{"data":17077,"marks":17078,"value":17079,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s R&D team are experts at understanding and unpacking modern browser-based attacks. This is essential when you consider how quickly attacks themselves are evolving. When we created the ",{"data":17081,"content":17084,"nodeType":16946},{"target":17082},{"sys":17083},{"id":16070,"type":922,"linkType":923},[17085],{"data":17086,"marks":17087,"value":16127,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17089,"marks":17090,"value":17091,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in 2023 (then called the SaaS Attacks Matrix), many of the ideas in it were theoretical. Not anymore. ",{"data":17093,"content":17094,"nodeType":1049},{},[17095,17105,17129],{"data":17096,"content":17097,"nodeType":1003},{},[17098],{"data":17099,"content":17100,"nodeType":866},{},[17101],{"data":17102,"marks":17103,"value":17104,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve tracked the rise of AiTM phish kits from their status as MFA-bypassing novelties to the emergence of an entire criminal ecosystem built around increasingly sophisticated Phishing-as-a-Service tools. ",{"data":17106,"content":17107,"nodeType":1003},{},[17108],{"data":17109,"content":17110,"nodeType":866},{},[17111,17115,17125],{"data":17112,"marks":17113,"value":17114,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We imagined the simple but effective power of using device code authorization for phishing three years ago; in the last few months, we’ve detected a 37x increase in ",{"data":17116,"content":17120,"nodeType":16946},{"target":17117},{"sys":17118},{"id":17119,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5DmCqTU2Tg4adYScA5vT2x",[17121],{"data":17122,"marks":17123,"value":17124,"nodeType":865},{},[],"device code phishing attacks",{"data":17126,"marks":17127,"value":17128,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across our install base. ",{"data":17130,"content":17131,"nodeType":1003},{},[17132],{"data":17133,"content":17134,"nodeType":866},{},[17135,17139,17148,17152,17161,17165,17175,17178,17186,17189,17199],{"data":17136,"marks":17137,"value":17138,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We were also the first to detect a novel post-authorization attack we dubbed ",{"data":17140,"content":17144,"nodeType":16946},{"target":17141},{"sys":17142},{"id":17143,"type":922,"linkType":923},"71EaaK7lfl6bQBbkAU0qjv",[17145],{"data":17146,"marks":17147,"value":11095,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17149,"marks":17150,"value":17151,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that combines OAuth consent phishing and ClickFix-style user prompts; reported on the rise of the ridiculously simple yet effective ",{"data":17153,"content":17156,"nodeType":16946},{"target":17154},{"sys":17155},{"id":16997,"type":922,"linkType":923},[17157],{"data":17158,"marks":17159,"value":17160,"nodeType":865},{},[],"InstallFix technique",{"data":17162,"marks":17163,"value":17164,"nodeType":865},{},[]," described earlier; and detected an array of other ",{"data":17166,"content":17170,"nodeType":16946},{"target":17167},{"sys":17168},{"id":17169,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2YmiesBvJHGw4wiKEKzLUq",[17171],{"data":17172,"marks":17173,"value":17174,"nodeType":865},{},[],"creative",{"data":17176,"marks":17177,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17179,"content":17182,"nodeType":16946},{"target":17180},{"sys":17181},{"id":16941,"type":922,"linkType":923},[17183],{"data":17184,"marks":17185,"value":520,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17187,"marks":17188,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17190,"content":17194,"nodeType":16946},{"target":17191},{"sys":17192},{"id":17193,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6Zosy4SU0LpjlaSWX75peb",[17195],{"data":17196,"marks":17197,"value":17198,"nodeType":865},{},[],"campaigns",{"data":17200,"marks":17201,"value":17202,"nodeType":865},{},[]," tied to malvertising scams.",{"data":17204,"content":17208,"nodeType":925},{"target":17205},{"sys":17206},{"id":17207,"type":922,"linkType":923},"53U3LHhhHFYnEpShdLmDqs",[],{"data":17210,"content":17211,"nodeType":866},{},[17212],{"data":17213,"marks":17214,"value":17215,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With an agentic approach, we could scale this expertise and reduce the time it takes to go from technique discovery to production-ready detection. This speed is critical now because adversaries are also using AI tools to do their work, exploding the number of trivial-to-rotate indicators of compromise and overwhelming existing detection workflows that lack an equivalent machine speed.",{"data":17217,"content":17221,"nodeType":925},{"target":17218},{"sys":17219},{"id":17220,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1u00uFbC4xsvP9lqahXbgD",[],{"data":17223,"content":17224,"nodeType":1458},{},[17225],{"data":17226,"marks":17227,"value":17229,"nodeType":865},{},[17228],{"type":961},"Scaling behavioral detections, not just making bigger blocklists",{"data":17231,"content":17232,"nodeType":866},{},[17233],{"data":17234,"marks":17235,"value":17236,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But output numbers alone don’t tell the story of successful detections. That’s the other problem we set out to solve at scale: Most secure browser solutions rely on detection logic based on blocking known-bad indicators like domains, IPs, and URLs.",{"data":17238,"content":17239,"nodeType":866},{},[17240,17245],{"data":17241,"marks":17242,"value":17244,"nodeType":865},{},[17243],{"type":961},"If your solution offers 1,000 detections, and they’re all based on known-bad indicators that are easily rotated, then you’ve got 1,000 detections that worked once and will likely never fire again. ",{"data":17246,"marks":17247,"value":17248,"nodeType":865},{},[],"They certainly won’t catch subtle adaptations in adversary techniques that don’t rely on infrastructure changes, which are easy for attackers to swap anyway. ",{"data":17250,"content":17251,"nodeType":866},{},[17252],{"data":17253,"marks":17254,"value":17255,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push does it differently. Our detection engine is focused on hunting for tactics, techniques, and procedures: the behavioral fingerprints of an attack, not just the infrastructure it runs on. ",{"data":17257,"content":17261,"nodeType":925},{"target":17258},{"sys":17259},{"id":17260,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5jR3YVUiusHGnXDOyrgYpr",[],{"data":17263,"content":17264,"nodeType":866},{},[17265],{"data":17266,"marks":17267,"value":17268,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Instead of blocking based on known-bad domains, URLs, and IPs, our detections are built around user-level and page-level behaviors like what scripts load, how redirects behave, what events fire, what actions a user takes and what happens next, etc. (In fact, Push detections don’t even use any infrastructure-based IOCs, though customers can write their own custom detections if they have a specific IOC they’re keeping an eye on.)",{"data":17270,"content":17271,"nodeType":866},{},[17272,17277,17287],{"data":17273,"marks":17274,"value":17276,"nodeType":865},{},[17275],{"type":961},"All the detections we write would survive infrastructure rotation by adversaries, and many of our existing detections have caught never-before-seen evolutions in TTPs. That’s because we focus on the top of the ",{"data":17278,"content":17282,"nodeType":16946},{"target":17279},{"sys":17280},{"id":17281,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1qegIy4rMdm5XZXnIEoKpE",[17283],{"data":17284,"marks":17285,"value":8561,"nodeType":865},{},[17286],{"type":961},{"data":17288,"marks":17289,"value":17291,"nodeType":865},{},[17290],{"type":961},", the indicators that are hardest for attackers to change.",{"data":17293,"content":17294,"nodeType":866},{},[17295],{"data":17296,"marks":17297,"value":17298,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This focus on detecting TTPs has always been our approach. But with the acceleration in both attack types and the ease with which adversaries rotate infrastructure, we needed to build capabilities that scaled our knowledge. ",{"data":17300,"content":17301,"nodeType":866},{},[17302],{"data":17303,"marks":17304,"value":17305,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We did this not by replacing researchers, but by continuously activating their expertise. You can hear what our CEO and Co-founder Adam had to say about this below. ",{"data":17307,"content":17311,"nodeType":925},{"target":17308},{"sys":17309},{"id":17310,"type":922,"linkType":923},"C9gr4nF3f6CW45Aol9xij",[],{"data":17313,"content":17314,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":17316,"content":17317,"nodeType":963},{},[17318],{"data":17319,"marks":17320,"value":17322,"nodeType":865},{},[17321],{"type":961},"Core principles for agentic threat hunting",{"data":17324,"content":17325,"nodeType":866},{},[17326],{"data":17327,"marks":17328,"value":17329,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Three principles make Push's agentic threat hunting and detection engineering pipeline work:",{"data":17331,"content":17332,"nodeType":1458},{},[17333],{"data":17334,"marks":17335,"value":17337,"nodeType":865},{},[17336],{"type":961},"Context matters more than custom models",{"data":17339,"content":17340,"nodeType":866},{},[17341],{"data":17342,"marks":17343,"value":17344,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re not AI researchers; we’re security researchers — we aren't trying to compete in building the most intelligent models. And in our view, AI models are quickly becoming commoditized like cloud infrastructure, anyway. Luckily, the commercial models today already excel at understanding web code. We just need to harness their power with our expertise.",{"data":17346,"content":17347,"nodeType":866},{},[17348,17352,17356],{"data":17349,"marks":17350,"value":17351,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So at Push, we use a variety of commercial AI models and tools in complementary ways. What matters most is the telemetry they analyze, and that’s where Push’s existing product infrastructure shines: We’re already deployed into over ",{"data":17353,"marks":17354,"value":9014,"nodeType":865},{},[17355],{"type":961},{"data":17357,"marks":17358,"value":17359,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and the Push browser extension includes a component that operates as a flight recorder to locally record everything that matters inside a browser session.",{"data":17361,"content":17362,"nodeType":866},{},[17363],{"data":17364,"marks":17365,"value":17366,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This universe of metadata — DOM elements, tab context, script execution, network traffic, user actions, credential entry, etc. — becomes the searchable corpus for hunts. Metadata is stored locally in users’ browsers and only queried during targeted threat hunts. ",{"data":17368,"content":17369,"nodeType":866},{},[17370],{"data":17371,"marks":17372,"value":17373,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This approach avoids dragnet collection of sensitive data. Instead, we focus on collecting metadata and distilling that into patterns and insights that provide context for agents to perform their analysis. This means that Push also does not train or fine-tune models on customer data.",{"data":17375,"content":17376,"nodeType":1458},{},[17377],{"data":17378,"marks":17379,"value":17381,"nodeType":865},{},[17380],{"type":961},"Agents are only as good as the context you give them. Good context is researcher-led",{"data":17383,"content":17384,"nodeType":866},{},[17385],{"data":17386,"marks":17387,"value":17388,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI agents don’t know how to identify the TTPs of browser-based attacks until you give them the right context, and Push researchers have spent years unpacking these techniques and tools. Agents at Push consume our internal knowledge base of identified TTPs, and both humans and agents perform meta-analyses to check their work. The agents have access to large libraries of traces of human interactions with real phishing kits. This is a powerful dataset to build on.",{"data":17390,"content":17391,"nodeType":866},{},[17392],{"data":17393,"marks":17394,"value":17395,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we don’t get the results we want from AI models, the question is “What context is it missing? What does our human team know that the agents don’t, and how can we give them that context — do they need data, tools, better workflows?” That closes the gap in performance and keeps quality high.",{"data":17397,"content":17398,"nodeType":1458},{},[17399],{"data":17400,"marks":17401,"value":17403,"nodeType":865},{},[17402],{"type":961},"Integrated architecture that makes agentic AI the throughput layer, not a bolt-on",{"data":17405,"content":17406,"nodeType":866},{},[17407],{"data":17408,"marks":17409,"value":17410,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The constraint we’re trying to break by using AI isn’t knowledge, it’s throughput. Our researchers deeply understand the techniques and tools. An agentic pipeline can apply that understanding continuously across millions of browsers and trillions of events, ingest new external signals, generate hunt hypotheses, triage results, and return only the findings that warrant escalation.",{"data":17412,"content":17413,"nodeType":866},{},[17414],{"data":17415,"marks":17416,"value":17417,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This approach relies on tight integration of our product and our agentic workflows. We’ll take a closer look at that in the next section.",{"data":17419,"content":17420,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":17422,"content":17423,"nodeType":963},{},[17424],{"data":17425,"marks":17426,"value":17428,"nodeType":865},{},[17427],{"type":961},"How the agentic detection pipeline runs",{"data":17430,"content":17431,"nodeType":866},{},[17432],{"data":17433,"marks":17434,"value":17435,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now let’s look at how agentic threat detection actually works, and some of the emerging best practices we’ve identified. We'll cover two example hunts, one initiated autonomously by the agents themselves, and one by our research team. ",{"data":17437,"content":17438,"nodeType":1458},{},[17439],{"data":17440,"marks":17441,"value":17443,"nodeType":865},{},[17442],{"type":961},"Example 1: Autonomous threat hunt",{"data":17445,"content":17446,"nodeType":866},{},[17447],{"data":17448,"marks":17449,"value":17450,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s threat hunting pipeline ingested context from research articles describing a new attack technique, and an agent developed hypotheses on what to hunt for across Push’s install base to identify instances of this attack. ",{"data":17452,"content":17453,"nodeType":866},{},[17454],{"data":17455,"marks":17456,"value":17457,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The agent crafted detection queries and then refined them to reduce false positives. The successful query ran across stored metadata and returned results, validating that there were zero false positives. ",{"data":17459,"content":17460,"nodeType":866},{},[17461],{"data":17462,"marks":17463,"value":17464,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The validated query became a scheduled job that runs on a regular cadence to monitor for potentially malicious signals. A triage agent then received any matches, did an initial analysis, and passed anything that looked suspicious to another agent to perform deeper analysis. This deep analysis agent wields the full investigative toolkit that a human researcher would — using Push’s internal knowledge base, domain age and registration analysis, URLScan and whois lookups, DOM image analysis, and contextual analysis of page-level and user-level behaviors, etc.",{"data":17466,"content":17467,"nodeType":866},{},[17468],{"data":17469,"marks":17470,"value":17471,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Within a few minutes, it can filter a thousand or more signals in a hunt trace down to a handful with meaning and provide an actionable assessment. Then, once the TTP was well-understood, other agents wrote and refined detections that can raise alerts for customers when an event of this type is seen. The Push platform immediately applies the customer’s configured security controls, such as blocking users from interacting with malicious pages.",{"data":17473,"content":17474,"nodeType":1458},{},[17475],{"data":17476,"marks":17477,"value":17479,"nodeType":865},{},[17478],{"type":961},"Example 2: Human-initiated threat hunt",{"data":17481,"content":17482,"nodeType":866},{},[17483],{"data":17484,"marks":17485,"value":17486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now, going back to the example from the beginning of the article: InstallFix. This hunt started with a thorny problem our research team needed to solve: How to detect bad things downstream of a user interacting with a Google ad? We needed a way to pinpoint the bad links from the good ones.",{"data":17488,"content":17489,"nodeType":866},{},[17490,17494,17499,17502,17507,17510,17515],{"data":17491,"marks":17492,"value":17493,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our researchers collaborated with agents to formulate the right parameters for hunt queries, taking into account that good ads are normally bought by companies with marketing budgets, so therefore ads will be expected to redirect to pages hosted on custom domains, not shared domains like ",{"data":17495,"marks":17496,"value":17498,"nodeType":865},{},[17497],{"type":961},"*pages.dev",{"data":17500,"marks":17501,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17503,"marks":17504,"value":17506,"nodeType":865},{},[17505],{"type":961},"*workers.dev",{"data":17508,"marks":17509,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17511,"marks":17512,"value":17514,"nodeType":865},{},[17513],{"type":961},"*squarespace.com",{"data":17516,"marks":17517,"value":17518,"nodeType":865},{},[],", etc.",{"data":17520,"content":17521,"nodeType":866},{},[17522],{"data":17523,"marks":17524,"value":17525,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our AI agents already understood key TTPs that indicated potential maliciousness on a page: password prompts, file downloads, OAuth integrations, clipboard copies, and similar user prompts that are frequently abused.",{"data":17527,"content":17528,"nodeType":866},{},[17529],{"data":17530,"marks":17531,"value":17532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The agent ran several queries that returned matching browsing traces — the term we use for sequences of events in a session or tab context — where the user clicked a Google ad, was redirected to a page on a shared hosting domain, and then clicked a button to copy content to their clipboard.",{"data":17534,"content":17538,"nodeType":925},{"target":17535},{"sys":17536},{"id":17537,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4IWOrWuvbwzWRJUkINiwKH",[],{"data":17540,"content":17541,"nodeType":866},{},[17542],{"data":17543,"marks":17544,"value":17545,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We got back high-fidelity findings and then tuned the query into a continuous detection that leveraged existing detection logic around related techniques. This process also effectively back-tests new detections, so we know we’re not going to generate a lot of false positives. Result: A new detection against a new technique, plus several improvements to existing detections.",{"data":17547,"content":17548,"nodeType":1458},{},[17549],{"data":17550,"marks":17551,"value":17553,"nodeType":865},{},[17552],{"type":961},"What infrastructure is needed for agentic threat hunting?",{"data":17555,"content":17556,"nodeType":866},{},[17557],{"data":17558,"marks":17559,"value":17560,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both of these examples illustrate the end-to-end workflows supported by this pipeline. From an infrastructure perspective, you can think about the pipeline as composed of:",{"data":17562,"content":17563,"nodeType":1049},{},[17564,17579,17594,17609,17624],{"data":17565,"content":17566,"nodeType":1003},{},[17567],{"data":17568,"content":17569,"nodeType":866},{},[17570,17575],{"data":17571,"marks":17572,"value":17574,"nodeType":865},{},[17573],{"type":961},"A flight recorder: ",{"data":17576,"marks":17577,"value":17578,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push extension-powered capability that collects and locally stores browser event metadata from users’ browsers.",{"data":17580,"content":17581,"nodeType":1003},{},[17582],{"data":17583,"content":17584,"nodeType":866},{},[17585,17590],{"data":17586,"marks":17587,"value":17589,"nodeType":865},{},[17588],{"type":961},"A knowledge base:",{"data":17591,"marks":17592,"value":17593,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Structured knowledge about what Push knows about TTPs and its existing body of detection logic, as well as externally sourced signals of new attack trends.",{"data":17595,"content":17596,"nodeType":1003},{},[17597],{"data":17598,"content":17599,"nodeType":866},{},[17600,17605],{"data":17601,"marks":17602,"value":17604,"nodeType":865},{},[17603],{"type":961},"Agents as tools: ",{"data":17606,"marks":17607,"value":17608,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Role-segmented agents that work as a team to triage, investigate, develop hunt queries, return analyses, write detections, and review each others’ work for completeness and accuracy.",{"data":17610,"content":17611,"nodeType":1003},{},[17612],{"data":17613,"content":17614,"nodeType":866},{},[17615,17620],{"data":17616,"marks":17617,"value":17619,"nodeType":865},{},[17618],{"type":961},"Humans in the loop: ",{"data":17621,"marks":17622,"value":17623,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Human researchers who collaborate with agents to initiate hunts and tune detections.",{"data":17625,"content":17626,"nodeType":1003},{},[17627],{"data":17628,"content":17629,"nodeType":866},{},[17630,17635],{"data":17631,"marks":17632,"value":17634,"nodeType":865},{},[17633],{"type":961},"Platform controls: ",{"data":17636,"marks":17637,"value":17638,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push administrator-configured controls that specify how to respond to detected events like AiTM phishing, tuneable by scope, user groups, browser profiles, apps, etc.",{"data":17640,"content":17644,"nodeType":925},{"target":17641},{"sys":17642},{"id":17643,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7FY0vCBUXOt4vnudFuKALC",[],{"data":17646,"content":17647,"nodeType":1458},{},[17648],{"data":17649,"marks":17650,"value":17652,"nodeType":865},{},[17651],{"type":961},"What are the best practices for agentic threat detection?",{"data":17654,"content":17655,"nodeType":866},{},[17656,17660,17665],{"data":17657,"marks":17658,"value":17659,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To be effective, agents must specialize and focus. This is the ",{"data":17661,"marks":17662,"value":17664,"nodeType":865},{},[17663],{"type":961},"agents as tools",{"data":17666,"marks":17667,"value":17668,"nodeType":865},{},[]," concept. When we’re asking AI agents to take massive amounts of data and make a high-level decision about a signal in observed browser events, they must work as a team, finding intelligent ways to condense information without losing important context or hallucinating.",{"data":17670,"content":17671,"nodeType":866},{},[17672],{"data":17673,"marks":17674,"value":17675,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Creating a hierarchy of agent jobs — including agents to perform meta-analyses to catch mistakes and verify conclusions — makes the agents effective by giving them a manageable focus that controls the size of context windows.",{"data":17677,"content":17681,"nodeType":925},{"target":17678},{"sys":17679},{"id":17680,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3fzJCknMUmh4Z7YnhBSbsT",[],{"data":17683,"content":17684,"nodeType":866},{},[17685],{"data":17686,"marks":17687,"value":17688,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Creating an agentic workflow requires operationalizing your internal knowledge in a repeatable and trustworthy way. Sharing rich context from human discoveries is the key to getting the best results out of agents. ",{"data":17690,"content":17691,"nodeType":866},{},[17692,17696,17701],{"data":17693,"marks":17694,"value":17695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It's vital too that the agent uses ",{"data":17697,"marks":17698,"value":17700,"nodeType":865},{},[17699],{"type":961},"privacy-preserving methods and infrastructure.",{"data":17702,"marks":17703,"value":17704,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The Push agent is designed to respect customer and user privacy while enabling high-fidelity detections. We do this by collecting broad browser metadata but storing it locally in users’ browsers and only querying that metadata during active threat hunting investigations.",{"data":17706,"content":17707,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":17709,"content":17710,"nodeType":963},{},[17711],{"data":17712,"marks":17713,"value":17715,"nodeType":865},{},[17714],{"type":961},"The compounding effect and how it benefits Push customers",{"data":17717,"content":17718,"nodeType":866},{},[17719],{"data":17720,"marks":17721,"value":17722,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At Push, we think about our detection capability as two learning loops with a compounding effect: An inner loop that serves as our real-time detection and response engine for known attacker techniques, and an outer loop that is the continuous learning our agents do as they hunt for new threats, analyze emerging behaviors, and create new detections. ",{"data":17724,"content":17725,"nodeType":866},{},[17726],{"data":17727,"marks":17728,"value":17729,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The outer loop feeds the inner loop, and vice versa.",{"data":17731,"content":17735,"nodeType":925},{"target":17732},{"sys":17733},{"id":17734,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1Jjqll7IIX2QRxN37gjFMH",[],{"data":17737,"content":17738,"nodeType":866},{},[17739],{"data":17740,"marks":17741,"value":17742,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Customers benefit from this approach because it means they:",{"data":17744,"content":17745,"nodeType":1049},{},[17746,17768,17778],{"data":17747,"content":17748,"nodeType":1003},{},[17749],{"data":17750,"content":17751,"nodeType":866},{},[17752,17756,17764],{"data":17753,"marks":17754,"value":17755,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Regularly receive ready-made detections against both known and emerging browser-based threats, without having to write their own detections. (Push also provides the ability to write your own ",{"data":17757,"content":17759,"nodeType":882},{"uri":17758},"/help/audience/engineering/resources/custom-detections",[17760],{"data":17761,"marks":17762,"value":17763,"nodeType":865},{},[],"custom detections",{"data":17765,"marks":17766,"value":17767,"nodeType":865},{},[],", too, for environment-specific use cases.)",{"data":17769,"content":17770,"nodeType":1003},{},[17771],{"data":17772,"content":17773,"nodeType":866},{},[17774],{"data":17775,"marks":17776,"value":17777,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Can configure Push’s response actions based on their security goals and environment. Agents act as the threat-hunting and detection engineering team; Push customers set the thresholds for how they want to respond. For example, customers can use Push controls to block all AiTM phishing attacks (or even carve out exceptions for their own incident responders to be able to visit malicious pages with just a warning), and agents continually feed new indicators into detection logic for that class of attack.",{"data":17779,"content":17780,"nodeType":1003},{},[17781],{"data":17782,"content":17783,"nodeType":866},{},[17784],{"data":17785,"marks":17786,"value":17787,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get pre-digested and actionable intelligence from every detection, with extremely high fidelity.",{"data":17789,"content":17790,"nodeType":866},{},[17791],{"data":17792,"marks":17793,"value":17794,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This all equates to your own advanced browser threat protection, without requiring the specialized in-house expertise we’ve spent years building.",{"data":17796,"content":17797,"nodeType":866},{},[17798],{"data":17799,"marks":17800,"value":17801,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re a Push customer, you already know that we regularly collaborate with security teams to identify and refine detection use cases, and assist with investigations. In the past few months alone, we’ve worked closely with teams targeted by device code phishing, and InstallFix and ClickFix campaigns, among others. ",{"data":17803,"content":17804,"nodeType":866},{},[17805],{"data":17806,"marks":17807,"value":17808,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re not a customer and are curious about how Push’s agentic threat hunting and detection engineering capabilities can address your use cases, please get in touch.",{"data":17810,"content":17814,"nodeType":925},{"target":17811},{"sys":17812},{"id":17813,"type":922,"linkType":923},"607jrBjlD1vtcbkDfD04DE",[],{"data":17816,"content":17817,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":17819,"content":17820,"nodeType":963},{},[17821],{"data":17822,"marks":17823,"value":17825,"nodeType":865},{},[17824],{"type":961},"Learn more",{"data":17827,"content":17828,"nodeType":866},{},[17829],{"data":17830,"marks":17831,"value":2792,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17833,"content":17834,"nodeType":866},{},[17835],{"data":17836,"marks":17837,"value":1718,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17839,"content":17840,"nodeType":866},{},[17841,17844,17851],{"data":17842,"marks":17843,"value":1725,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17845,"content":17847,"nodeType":882},{"uri":17846},"/demo",[17848],{"data":17849,"marks":17850,"value":1734,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":17852,"marks":17853,"value":1738,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Can AI replace a threat researcher? What we learned building an agentic threat hunting pipeline","How we built an end-to-end threat hunting and detection engineering capability at Push that uses AI agents as a force multiplier.","2026-05-12T00:00:00.000Z","can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline",{"items":17859},[17860,17862],{"sys":17861,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":17863,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":17865},[17866],{"fullName":3774,"firstName":3775,"jobTitle":3776,"profilePicture":17867},{"url":3778},"blog/the-pyramid-of-pain-in-the-ai-era",{"json":17870},{"data":17871,"content":17872,"nodeType":1739},{},[17873],{"data":17874,"content":17875,"nodeType":866},{},[17876],{"data":17877,"marks":17878,"value":17879,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is accelerating the collapse of indicator-based threat detection. Technique-level detection is the only layer that holds, and requires both the right vantage point and the research capability to stay ahead.",{"id":10661,"publishedAt":17881},"2026-08-12T12:00:48.380Z",{"items":17883},[17884,17886],{"sys":17885,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"sys":17887,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"items":17889},[17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920],{"sys":17891,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":17893,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":17895,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":17897,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":17899,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":17901,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},{"sys":17903,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":17905,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":17907,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":17909,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":17911,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":17913,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":17915,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":17917,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":17919,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":17921,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45},{"id":647},"NcSsFyOCgz95lIcDmXKRjEU4Hg-WK6MPMgczrjIO-tI",{"id":17924,"title":17925,"authorsCollection":17926,"content":17934,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":18459,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":18461,"metaTitle":18462,"ogImage":59,"postType":1783,"publishedDate":18463,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":18464,"slug":23281,"stem":23282,"subtitle":59,"summary":23283,"synopsis":23305,"sys":23306,"tagsCollection":23309,"topicsCollection":23315,"__hash__":23353},"blog/blog/7-things-we-learned-from-matt-johansen.json","What we learned from 'Security Theater vs. Security That Works' with Matt Johansen",{"items":17927},[17928],{"fullName":17929,"firstName":17930,"jobTitle":17931,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":17932},"Daniel Park","Daniel","Technical Content",{"url":17933},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6Cwg1xVeCdzUvxBIMfnDO5/6b18ed126b53611e7b521da34f900d29/254-0-2.jpg",{"json":17935,"links":18443},{"data":17936,"content":17937,"nodeType":1739},{},[17938,17946,17953,17980,17987,17994,17997,18005,18012,18029,18036,18054,18057,18065,18072,18091,18109,18127,18130,18136,18141,18144,18152,18159,18175,18182,18185,18193,18231,18238,18245,18252,18260,18279,18297,18304,18311,18318,18337,18340,18348,18355,18373,18380,18387,18390,18412,18415,18421,18427],{"data":17939,"content":17940,"nodeType":963},{},[17941],{"data":17942,"marks":17943,"value":17945,"nodeType":865},{},[17944],{"type":961},"1. Hackers don't hack in, they log in",{"data":17947,"content":17948,"nodeType":866},{},[17949],{"data":17950,"marks":17951,"value":17952,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Matt made the point early on that \"the modern web frameworks that have come out have done more to shift application security than any security vendor ever did.\" It's measurably harder to write exploitable code in 2026 than it was even five years ago, and the data reflects that — as Matt put it, \"most hacks that we read about these days are actually logins, not actually hacks in terms of vulnerabilities.\" Attackers aren't breaking in — they're logging in.",{"data":17954,"content":17955,"nodeType":866},{},[17956,17960,17964,17968,17976],{"data":17957,"marks":17958,"value":17959,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The data backs this up across the board. CrowdStrike's 2026 Global Threat Report found that ",{"data":17961,"marks":17962,"value":8525,"nodeType":865},{},[17963],{"type":961},{"data":17965,"marks":17966,"value":17967,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — no exploit, no payload, just access and legitimate functionality being abused. ",{"data":17969,"content":17971,"nodeType":882},{"uri":17970},"https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/cloud_threat_horizons_report_h12026.pdf",[17972],{"data":17973,"marks":17974,"value":17975,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Google/Mandiant",{"data":17977,"marks":17978,"value":17979,"nodeType":865},{},[]," recently reported that identity issues were the initial access vector in 83% of cloud-related incidents.",{"data":17981,"content":17982,"nodeType":866},{},[17983],{"data":17984,"marks":17985,"value":17986,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And when you look at the economics, the shift makes obvious sense: a browser RCE goes for around $250,000, while a PhaaS kit rental runs about $1,000 per year and a bulk stolen credential list costs $15. For a rational attacker, identity abuse isn't just easier — it's orders of magnitude cheaper.",{"data":17988,"content":17989,"nodeType":866},{},[17990],{"data":17991,"marks":17992,"value":17993,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn't a new observation, but it's one that still hasn't fully landed in how most organizations allocate their security budgets. The bulk of enterprise security spending is still pointed at the endpoint and the network — tooling built for an era when the primary threat was malware and exploitation. The threat model has moved, and for a lot of organizations, the stack hasn't moved with it.",{"data":17995,"content":17996,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":17998,"content":17999,"nodeType":963},{},[18000],{"data":18001,"marks":18002,"value":18004,"nodeType":865},{},[18003],{"type":961},"2. AI is a force multiplier, but it isn't a super hacker",{"data":18006,"content":18007,"nodeType":866},{},[18008],{"data":18009,"marks":18010,"value":18011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Mythos discourse has been hard to escape. As Matt put it, the view that \"the AI super hacker has escaped the lab\" is \"not actually what's going on.\" What's actually happening is that AI models trained to understand code are turning out to be very good at finding specific types of vulnerabilities in predominantly legacy codebases — but defenders stand to gain a lot too.",{"data":18013,"content":18014,"nodeType":866},{},[18015,18019,18026],{"data":18016,"marks":18017,"value":18018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As Matt referenced, Google's CISO Heather Adkins said on stage at the Unprompted conference that Google's stated goal is \"to eliminate all software vulnerabilities, period.\" And browser zero-days already hit a ",{"data":18020,"content":18021,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16693},[18022],{"data":18023,"marks":18024,"value":18025,"nodeType":865},{},[],"historic low at just 9% of all zero-days reported to Google in 2025",{"data":18027,"marks":18028,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18030,"content":18031,"nodeType":866},{},[18032],{"data":18033,"marks":18034,"value":18035,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But won't AI-assisted vulnerability discovery eventually make browser exploits cheaper for attackers too? Perhaps — but it will simultaneously make them easier for browser vendors to find and patch, and vendors like Google and Microsoft have the engineering capacity and financial incentive to scale AI-driven remediation far faster than attackers can scale exploit development.",{"data":18037,"content":18038,"nodeType":866},{},[18039,18043,18050],{"data":18040,"marks":18041,"value":18042,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As Matt noted, \"they didn't train these models to be good at cybersecurity — they just trained them to get better and better at code,\" and big tech vendors like Google have the resources to really invest in these tools. The rational play for attackers is the same one it's been for years: skip the exploit development entirely and ",{"data":18044,"content":18045,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3620},[18046],{"data":18047,"marks":18048,"value":18049,"nodeType":865},{},[],"steal identities and sessions in the browser",{"data":18051,"marks":18052,"value":18053,"nodeType":865},{},[]," instead.",{"data":18055,"content":18056,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":18058,"content":18059,"nodeType":963},{},[18060],{"data":18061,"marks":18062,"value":18064,"nodeType":865},{},[18063],{"type":961},"3. MFA is essential — but it isn't a silver bullet",{"data":18066,"content":18067,"nodeType":866},{},[18068],{"data":18069,"marks":18070,"value":18071,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Nobody's arguing against MFA. It's one of the most important security controls any organization can deploy, and both Matt and Mark were clear about that. But the conversation surfaced something that doesn't get enough attention: there are always gaps in coverage, and attackers have consistently found ways under, over, or through it.",{"data":18073,"content":18074,"nodeType":866},{},[18075,18079,18087],{"data":18076,"marks":18077,"value":18078,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mark observed that every organization he talks to says they're in the process of \"rolling out\" MFA. It's always in progress, never complete — there's always an app that doesn't support it, a legacy system that can't handle it, a user population that hasn't been migrated, or a SaaS vendor charging extra for the privilege (the ",{"data":18080,"content":18082,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18081},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/minimum-viable-identity-security/",[18083],{"data":18084,"marks":18085,"value":18086,"nodeType":865},{},[],"security tax",{"data":18088,"marks":18089,"value":18090,"nodeType":865},{},[],"). Coverage gaps are the norm, not the exception.",{"data":18092,"content":18093,"nodeType":866},{},[18094,18098,18105],{"data":18095,"marks":18096,"value":18097,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Then there's the bypass evolution. Matt walked through the history — SMS and SIM swapping, push notifications and push fatigue, and now ",{"data":18099,"content":18100,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8581},[18101],{"data":18102,"marks":18103,"value":18104,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM kits ",{"data":18106,"marks":18107,"value":18108,"nodeType":865},{},[],"that proxy the entire authentication flow, capturing both the password and the MFA token in a single attack. Every step up the MFA ladder, attackers have found a way around. Phishing-resistant methods like hardware tokens and passkeys are a meaningful improvement, but rollout is slow and uneven.",{"data":18110,"content":18111,"nodeType":866},{},[18112,18116,18123],{"data":18113,"marks":18114,"value":18115,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And then there's the class of attacks that sidestep authentication entirely. Consent phishing, ",{"data":18117,"content":18118,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[18119],{"data":18120,"marks":18121,"value":18122,"nodeType":865},{},[],"device code phishing",{"data":18124,"marks":18125,"value":18126,"nodeType":865},{},[],", session hijacking — these are all post-authentication attacks. The user has already authenticated successfully, the MFA did its job, and the attacker is going after what comes after: OAuth tokens, session cookies, consent grants. Matt compared these to zero days for identity — they bypass the entire front end of your defensive stack. MFA is absolutely something you should be rolling out and strengthening, but it's one layer in what needs to be a deeper defense.",{"data":18128,"content":18129,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":18131,"content":18135,"nodeType":925},{"target":18132},{"sys":18133},{"id":18134,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7upGHPt7eVNji6v22h124t",[],{"data":18137,"content":18140,"nodeType":925},{"target":18138},{"sys":18139},{"id":17207,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":18142,"content":18143,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":18145,"content":18146,"nodeType":963},{},[18147],{"data":18148,"marks":18149,"value":18151,"nodeType":865},{},[18150],{"type":961},"4. User training is not enough: better technical controls are required",{"data":18153,"content":18154,"nodeType":866},{},[18155],{"data":18156,"marks":18157,"value":18158,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Matt was blunt on this one: \"If those tips worked, cybersecurity as a profession would be out of business.\" 20+ years of user awareness training, and phishing is arguably more effective than ever. The standard advice — hover over links, check the sender, look for typos — assumes a level of sustained vigilance that no human can maintain across every interaction, every day.",{"data":18160,"content":18161,"nodeType":866},{},[18162,18166,18171],{"data":18163,"marks":18164,"value":18165,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What made his point land was the contrast between the comment sections on his ClickFix content — \"Who the hell would fall for this?\" — and the reality that ",{"data":18167,"marks":18168,"value":18170,"nodeType":865},{},[18169],{"type":961},"every incident response professional he knows is currently working a ClickFix case. ",{"data":18172,"marks":18173,"value":18174,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The people saying nobody would fall for it are not the people cleaning up after it.",{"data":18176,"content":18177,"nodeType":866},{},[18178],{"data":18179,"marks":18180,"value":18181,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Matt also brought the recent Lazarus group fake job scams: threat actors spending six months building trust with a target — meeting in person at conferences, multiple times — before eventually getting them to install a malicious browser extension during a Zoom call. All of the social engineering that precedes the actual compromise is just trust-building, and the sophistication of that trust-building is increasing faster than any training program can keep up with. You need defensive layers that don't depend on the user making the right call every single time.",{"data":18183,"content":18184,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":18186,"content":18187,"nodeType":963},{},[18188],{"data":18189,"marks":18190,"value":18192,"nodeType":865},{},[18191],{"type":961},"5. Every IR pro you know is working a ClickFix case",{"data":18194,"content":18195,"nodeType":866},{},[18196,18200,18207,18211,18218,18221,18227],{"data":18197,"marks":18198,"value":18199,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix came up repeatedly, and for good reason — it's one of the ",{"data":18201,"content":18202,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3620},[18203],{"data":18204,"marks":18205,"value":18206,"nodeType":865},{},[],"most common initial access vectors",{"data":18208,"marks":18209,"value":18210,"nodeType":865},{},[]," being reported right now. Matt said he doesn't know a single IR professional in his network who \"isn't actively working a ClickFix-related case.\" The technique, which tricks users into copying and pasting malicious commands, has spawned an entire family of variants (",{"data":18212,"content":18213,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11342},[18214],{"data":18215,"marks":18216,"value":16352,"nodeType":865},{},[18217],{"type":997},{"data":18219,"marks":18220,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18222,"content":18223,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11102},[18224],{"data":18225,"marks":18226,"value":11095,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18228,"marks":18229,"value":18230,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and others), and they're evolving fast.",{"data":18232,"content":18233,"nodeType":866},{},[18234],{"data":18235,"marks":18236,"value":18237,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Matt shared a particularly good example of why the \"just don't fall for it\" advice falls apart. Attackers were paying for ads promoting ChatGPT chat history links on technical search queries — things like \"how to clean up disk space on Mac.\" The top result was a legitimate-looking ChatGPT interface with what appeared to be helpful terminal commands.",{"data":18239,"content":18240,"nodeType":866},{},[18241],{"data":18242,"marks":18243,"value":18244,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The user was already looking for commands to copy and paste into their terminal. The attack didn't need to trick them into doing something unusual — it just showed up in the exact context where copy-pasting commands was the expected behavior.",{"data":18246,"content":18247,"nodeType":866},{},[18248],{"data":18249,"marks":18250,"value":18251,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The new variants keep appearing because the underlying technique is modular — the trust-building wrapper changes (fake CAPTCHAs, fake error messages, fake install instructions, fake AI chat interfaces), but the core mechanic is the same. What makes it dangerous is that each new wrapper goes quasi-viral among attackers when it proves successful, which means the window between a new variant appearing and widespread adoption is very short.",{"data":18253,"content":18254,"nodeType":963},{},[18255],{"data":18256,"marks":18257,"value":18259,"nodeType":865},{},[18258],{"type":961},"6. Browser extensions are the threat that never went away (and it's a bigger problem than ever)",{"data":18261,"content":18262,"nodeType":866},{},[18263,18267,18275],{"data":18264,"marks":18265,"value":18266,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser extensions are a topic we've ",{"data":18268,"content":18270,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18269},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-extensions-webinar",[18271],{"data":18272,"marks":18273,"value":18274,"nodeType":865},{},[],"covered in depth before",{"data":18276,"marks":18277,"value":18278,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and Matt's perspective reinforced why. His first conference talk — Black Hat and DEF CON in 2011 — was about Chrome extension security. As he put it: \"I could give that talk right now with very few changes to the slides and it would still be extremely relevant.\"",{"data":18280,"content":18281,"nodeType":866},{},[18282,18286,18293],{"data":18283,"marks":18284,"value":18285,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The core problem hasn't moved: ",{"data":18287,"content":18288,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4136},[18289],{"data":18290,"marks":18291,"value":18292,"nodeType":865},{},[],"extensions need broad permissions to function",{"data":18294,"marks":18295,"value":18296,"nodeType":865},{},[],", even for completely legitimate use cases. A password manager needs to read login forms on every website. A dark mode extension needs to modify the DOM on every page. An RSS reader needs access to arbitrary sites. These aren't excessive permissions — they're the minimum required for the extension to do what it advertises.",{"data":18298,"content":18299,"nodeType":866},{},[18300],{"data":18301,"marks":18302,"value":18303,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What's making it worse is the AI adoption wave. Many AI tools ship with browser extension counterparts, and employees are installing them alongside the apps themselves — often without approval. The broader rush to adopt AI tooling is acting as a force multiplier for the shadow SaaS problem that security teams have been struggling with for years, and extensions are a big part of that.",{"data":18305,"content":18306,"nodeType":866},{},[18307],{"data":18308,"marks":18309,"value":18310,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The ways extensions get compromised vary. Users still get tricked into installing something malicious from the start, but legitimate extensions also turn malicious after the fact. Matt outlined several mechanisms: developer accounts getting compromised and attackers pushing malicious updates to the existing user base; extension developers accepting monetization deals that turn out to be data-harvesting operations; and threat actors outright purchasing extensions with established user bases and then pushing malware to them.",{"data":18312,"content":18313,"nodeType":866},{},[18314],{"data":18315,"marks":18316,"value":18317,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Chrome Web Store doesn't solve this. Matt noted that he uploaded a proof-of-concept extension literally called \"Malicious Extension\" and it made it onto the store. There's some review process, but it's not real-time, it's not continuous, and it doesn't cover updates after initial submission.",{"data":18319,"content":18320,"nodeType":866},{},[18321,18325,18333],{"data":18322,"marks":18323,"value":18324,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even organizations with a formal extension approval process typically only look at the extension once — at install time. Nobody's reviewing every update to every approved extension. And the risk assessment? \"It's mostly based on vibes. There's very little science here.\" Even at organizations with mature security programs, Matt hasn't seen many that have ",{"data":18326,"content":18328,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18327},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-extension-management-guide/",[18329],{"data":18330,"marks":18331,"value":18332,"nodeType":865},{},[],"real-time, ongoing visibility",{"data":18334,"marks":18335,"value":18336,"nodeType":865},{},[]," into what's happening inside their employees' browser extensions.",{"data":18338,"content":18339,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":18341,"content":18342,"nodeType":963},{},[18343],{"data":18344,"marks":18345,"value":18347,"nodeType":865},{},[18346],{"type":961},"7. You have 30 minutes to respond to a cloud intrusion — and revoking the token isn't enough",{"data":18349,"content":18350,"nodeType":866},{},[18351],{"data":18352,"marks":18353,"value":18354,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Matt was direct about the speed benchmark practitioners should be targeting: meaningful containment and eradication within about 30 minutes, because attackers are partially achieving their objectives in 20 to 40 minutes and significantly past the point of no return within an hour.",{"data":18356,"content":18357,"nodeType":866},{},[18358,18362,18369],{"data":18359,"marks":18360,"value":18361,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The data supports this picture. CrowdStrike reports that the average e-crime \"breakout time\" (moving from initial access to high-value assets) is now just 29 minutes, while Google reports that the median time between initial access and hand-off to a secondary group has collapsed from ",{"data":18363,"content":18364,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3990},[18365],{"data":18366,"marks":18367,"value":18368,"nodeType":865},{},[],"over 8 hours in 2022 to just 22 seconds in 2025",{"data":18370,"marks":18371,"value":18372,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — pointing to a highly automated, interconnected, and professionalized threat actor ecosystem.",{"data":18374,"content":18375,"nodeType":866},{},[18376],{"data":18377,"marks":18378,"value":18379,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But speed alone isn't the problem Matt emphasized — it's that the containment actions practitioners think they have don't actually work the way they expect. His anecdote about revoking an IdP OAuth token and assuming the session was killed, only to discover that the 200 downstream SaaS session tokens were still live, will resonate with anyone who has worked an identity-based incident.",{"data":18381,"content":18382,"nodeType":866},{},[18383],{"data":18384,"marks":18385,"value":18386,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can't move that fast if you're figuring out what your tools can and can't do during the incident. The teams that handle these situations well are the ones that have taken stock of their actual capabilities beforehand — what their IdP revokes, what it doesn't, which SaaS apps have independent session management, where the gaps are. The teams that don't are the ones at \"1 AM with a pager in hand going, 'What the hell do I do now?'\" as Matt described it. \"Ask me how I know.\"",{"data":18388,"content":18389,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":18391,"content":18392,"nodeType":11214},{},[18393],{"data":18394,"content":18395,"nodeType":866},{},[18396,18400,18408],{"data":18397,"marks":18398,"value":18399,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This post is a recap of ",{"data":18401,"content":18403,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18402},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/security-theatre-vs-security-works",[18404],{"data":18405,"marks":18406,"value":18407,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security theatre vs. security that works",{"data":18409,"marks":18410,"value":18411,"nodeType":865},{},[],", the third episode in Push Security's webcast series on the state of browser attacks. Watch the full recording for the complete conversation, including live Q&A with Mark and Matt.",{"data":18413,"content":18414,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":18416,"content":18417,"nodeType":866},{},[18418],{"data":18419,"marks":18420,"value":2792,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18422,"content":18423,"nodeType":866},{},[18424],{"data":18425,"marks":18426,"value":1718,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18428,"content":18429,"nodeType":866},{},[18430,18433,18440],{"data":18431,"marks":18432,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18434,"content":18435,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[18436],{"data":18437,"marks":18438,"value":10641,"nodeType":865},{},[18439],{"type":997},{"data":18441,"marks":18442,"value":1738,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":18444},{"hyperlink":18445,"inline":18446,"block":18447},[],[],[18448,18452],{"sys":18449,"__typename":5631,"type":5632,"ctaText":18450,"buttonLabel":18451,"buttonColour":5635,"buttonUrl":16122},{"id":18134},"Check out our browser and identity attacks matrix for a comprehensive overview of attack techniques using a MITRE-inspired mapping.","Check it out",{"sys":18453,"__typename":1747,"title":16127,"caption":18454,"layoutMode":59,"file":18455},{"id":17207},"Browser and identity-based techniques have exploded since we first launched our attack matrix",{"url":18456,"width":18457,"height":18458},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/L0Yc77y9vzrKVD72BQGX2/4ffe0bf61bd62f025262b8efd74394b7/Browser___Identity_Attacks_Matrix__1_.png",6160,4432,{"items":18460},[],{},"7 things we learned from our conversation with Matt Johansen","2026-05-21T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":18465},[18466,21479,22560],{"__typename":1788,"sys":18467,"content":18468,"title":21462,"synopsis":21463,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":21464,"slug":361,"tagsCollection":21465,"authorsCollection":21471},{"id":17119},{"json":18469},{"data":18470,"content":18471,"nodeType":1739},{},[18472,18478,18498,18516,18523,18529,18536,18543,18546,18554,18560,18644,18664,18670,18677,18792,18798,18801,18809,18816,18822,18825,18833,18874,18880,18887,18894,18901,18908,18927,18933,18939,18945,18951,18957,18963,18969,18975,19238,19241,19249,19384,19390,19393,19401,19441,19575,19581,19584,19592,19739,19745,19748,19756,19762,19902,19908,19914,19917,19925,20072,20078,20081,20089,20235,20241,20244,20252,20347,20353,20356,20364,20458,20464,20467,20475,20481,20614,20620,20623,20631,20680,20686,20689,20697,20836,20841,20844,20852,20984,20990,20993,21001,21013,21020,21026,21032,21039,21060,21076,21082,21085,21093,21101,21122,21143,21148,21155,21162,21170,21177,21184,21191,21199,21206,21256,21262,21265,21273,21280,21287,21334,21340,21347,21350,21358,21365,21372,21392,21398,21405,21412,21419],{"data":18473,"content":18477,"nodeType":925},{"target":18474},{"sys":18475},{"id":18476,"type":922,"linkType":923},"XOFOeNqmRHeiRbkPOJrP1",[],{"data":18479,"content":18480,"nodeType":866},{},[18481,18485,18494],{"data":18482,"marks":18483,"value":18484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The OAuth 2.0 ",{"data":18486,"content":18488,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18487},"https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8628",[18489],{"data":18490,"marks":18491,"value":18493,"nodeType":865},{},[18492],{"type":997},"device authorization grant",{"data":18495,"marks":18496,"value":18497,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was designed to enable input-constrained devices to sign-in to apps by asking the user to complete the login on a separate device by entering a code. But today, it’s mainly used when accessing CLI tools, meaning that many users encounter the device code flow daily. ",{"data":18499,"content":18500,"nodeType":866},{},[18501,18504,18512],{"data":18502,"marks":18503,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18505,"content":18507,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18506},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/device_code_phishing/description.md",[18508],{"data":18509,"marks":18510,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[18511],{"type":997},{"data":18513,"marks":18514,"value":18515,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks designed to exploit this authorization flow are not new — it was among the first techniques that we added to the SaaS attacks matrix back in 2023. But it’s taken until now for it to really enter mainstream adoption. ",{"data":18517,"content":18518,"nodeType":866},{},[18519],{"data":18520,"marks":18521,"value":18522,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The technique tricks a user into issuing access tokens for an attacker-controlled application (not a device, confusingly). Any app that supports device code logins can be a target. Popular examples include Microsoft, Google, Salesforce, GitHub, and AWS. That said, Microsoft is, as always, much more heavily targeted at scale now than any other app.",{"data":18524,"content":18528,"nodeType":925},{"target":18525},{"sys":18526},{"id":18527,"type":922,"linkType":923},"Al0pGH8vmOYiufDFiAbt0",[],{"data":18530,"content":18531,"nodeType":866},{},[18532],{"data":18533,"marks":18534,"value":18535,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve always been surprised that attackers haven’t commonly used device code phishing in their standard toolkit, preferring session-stealing AITM phishing and other social engineering attacks like ClickFix. But it’s pretty clear from the recent data that the shift to mainstream adoption has now happened. ",{"data":18537,"content":18538,"nodeType":866},{},[18539],{"data":18540,"marks":18541,"value":18542,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this blog post, we’ll explore the history of device code phishing, what’s changed for it to enter mainstream adoption, how it works under the hood (with recent examples), and what security teams can do about it. ",{"data":18544,"content":18545,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":18547,"content":18548,"nodeType":963},{},[18549],{"data":18550,"marks":18551,"value":18553,"nodeType":865},{},[18552],{"type":961},"A brief history of device code phishing",{"data":18555,"content":18559,"nodeType":925},{"target":18556},{"sys":18557},{"id":18558,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6u3DgvSGChtTJu7l9I7PG1",[],{"data":18561,"content":18562,"nodeType":866},{},[18563,18567,18576,18580,18589,18593,18602,18606,18615,18619,18628,18631,18640],{"data":18564,"marks":18565,"value":18566,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The technique was first documented in 2020, before Secureworks released the first tooling framework ",{"data":18568,"content":18570,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18569},"https://github.com/secureworks/PhishInSuits",[18571],{"data":18572,"marks":18573,"value":18575,"nodeType":865},{},[18574],{"type":997},"PhishInSuits",{"data":18577,"marks":18578,"value":18579,"nodeType":865},{},[]," a year later. A host of research followed, including ",{"data":18581,"content":18583,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18582},"https://github.com/secureworks/squarephish",[18584],{"data":18585,"marks":18586,"value":18588,"nodeType":865},{},[18587],{"type":997},"SquarePhish",{"data":18590,"marks":18591,"value":18592,"nodeType":865},{},[]," v1 (using QR codes to trigger the 15 minute code expiration window), Dirk-Jan Mollema’s ",{"data":18594,"content":18596,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18595},"https://dirkjanm.io/phishing-for-microsoft-entra-primary-refresh-tokens/",[18597],{"data":18598,"marks":18599,"value":18601,"nodeType":865},{},[18600],{"type":997},"key research",{"data":18603,"marks":18604,"value":18605,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (chaining device code phishing via Microsoft apps into Primary Refresh Token (PRT) acquisition to gain full browser-level access) and Dennis Kniep’s ",{"data":18607,"content":18609,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18608},"https://github.com/denniskniep/DeviceCodePhishing",[18610],{"data":18611,"marks":18612,"value":18614,"nodeType":865},{},[18613],{"type":997},"DeviceCodePhishing tool",{"data":18616,"marks":18617,"value":18618,"nodeType":865},{},[]," which automates the entire flow with a headless browser. (Other recent noteworthy tools include ",{"data":18620,"content":18622,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18621},"https://github.com/nromsdahl/squarephish2",[18623],{"data":18624,"marks":18625,"value":18627,"nodeType":865},{},[18626],{"type":997},"SquarePhish2",{"data":18629,"marks":18630,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18632,"content":18634,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18633},"https://github.com/praetorian-inc/GitPhish",[18635],{"data":18636,"marks":18637,"value":18639,"nodeType":865},{},[18638],{"type":997},"GitPhish",{"data":18641,"marks":18642,"value":18643,"nodeType":865},{},[],", so shout out to those too). ",{"data":18645,"content":18646,"nodeType":866},{},[18647,18651,18660],{"data":18648,"marks":18649,"value":18650,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It wasn’t until August 2024 that in-the-wild exploitation was first identified, with Russia-linked campaigns then continuing into 2025 before entering mainstream criminal adoption. This trend has continued to gather momentum in 2026 with ",{"data":18652,"content":18654,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18653},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/03/device-code-phishing-hits-340-microsoft.html",[18655],{"data":18656,"marks":18657,"value":18659,"nodeType":865},{},[18658],{"type":997},"EvilTokens",{"data":18661,"marks":18662,"value":18663,"nodeType":865},{},[],", the first reported criminal PhaaS kit for device code phishing, already powering massive campaigns after launching in February. ",{"data":18665,"content":18669,"nodeType":925},{"target":18666},{"sys":18667},{"id":18668,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6xsfmbYEzpW7CdDiNzO6cu",[],{"data":18671,"content":18672,"nodeType":866},{},[18673],{"data":18674,"marks":18675,"value":18676,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Some of the noteworthy in-the-wild campaigns include:",{"data":18678,"content":18679,"nodeType":1049},{},[18680,18713,18733],{"data":18681,"content":18682,"nodeType":1003},{},[18683],{"data":18684,"content":18685,"nodeType":866},{},[18686,18690,18698,18701,18709],{"data":18687,"marks":18688,"value":18689,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Storm-2372, tracked by ",{"data":18691,"content":18693,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18692},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/02/13/storm-2372-conducts-device-code-phishing-campaign/",[18694],{"data":18695,"marks":18696,"value":18697,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft",{"data":18699,"marks":18700,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18702,"content":18704,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18703},"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2025/02/13/multiple-russian-threat-actors-targeting-microsoft-device-code-authentication/",[18705],{"data":18706,"marks":18707,"value":18708,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Volexity",{"data":18710,"marks":18711,"value":18712,"nodeType":865},{},[],", linked to multiple Russia-aligned clusters, combining spear-phishing and social engineering with device code phishing payloads against strategic intelligence targets.",{"data":18714,"content":18715,"nodeType":1003},{},[18716],{"data":18717,"content":18718,"nodeType":866},{},[18719,18723,18729],{"data":18720,"marks":18721,"value":18722,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The massive Salesforce campaign operated by ",{"data":18724,"content":18725,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8759},[18726],{"data":18727,"marks":18728,"value":16561,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":18730,"marks":18731,"value":18732,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (SLH) combined vishing with a device code phishing payload targeting Salesforce. The attacks morphed into a broader supply chain campaign using stolen credentials, ultimately resulting in 1000+ organizations being compromised and over 1.5 billion stolen records claimed. ",{"data":18734,"content":18735,"nodeType":1003},{},[18736],{"data":18737,"content":18738,"nodeType":866},{},[18739,18743,18751,18755,18764,18767,18776,18780,18788],{"data":18740,"marks":18741,"value":18742,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A massive spike in activity in late 2025 and 2026. 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This includes all forms of MFA and ",{"data":21118,"marks":21119,"value":21121,"nodeType":865},{},[21120],{"type":961},"even “phishing-resistant” authentication methods such as passkeys. ",{"data":21123,"content":21124,"nodeType":866},{},[21125,21130,21134,21139],{"data":21126,"marks":21127,"value":21129,"nodeType":865},{},[21128],{"type":961},"The device code authorization is effectively performed post-authentication. ",{"data":21131,"marks":21132,"value":21133,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you already have an active session in your browser, entering the device code and selecting your account from a drop-down menu is all that's needed. ",{"data":21135,"marks":21136,"value":21138,"nodeType":865},{},[21137],{"type":961},"No password or MFA required. ",{"data":21140,"marks":21141,"value":21142,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can see an example in the video below.",{"data":21144,"content":21147,"nodeType":925},{"target":21145},{"sys":21146},{"id":20076,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":21149,"content":21150,"nodeType":866},{},[21151],{"data":21152,"marks":21153,"value":21154,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even if you do have to sign in again (because you're not already signed in for some reason), the attack still works because it isn't targeting the login — it's targeting the authorization layer instead.",{"data":21156,"content":21157,"nodeType":866},{},[21158],{"data":21159,"marks":21160,"value":21161,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is what makes device code phishing different to other standard phishing methods like AiTM phishing (and arguably even more effective in environments with strict identity control enforcement). ",{"data":21163,"content":21164,"nodeType":1458},{},[21165],{"data":21166,"marks":21167,"value":21169,"nodeType":865},{},[21168],{"type":961},"Device code logins are a feature, not a vulnerability, making attacks difficult to block",{"data":21171,"content":21172,"nodeType":866},{},[21173],{"data":21174,"marks":21175,"value":21176,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Device code authorization is a legitimate mechanism regularly used in enterprise environments, particularly for CLI logins. Tools like Azure CLI, GitHub CLI, and AWS CLI all use (or have used) the device code flow as a primary or fallback authentication method. This creates a dual problem for defenders. ",{"data":21178,"content":21179,"nodeType":866},{},[21180],{"data":21181,"marks":21182,"value":21183,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First, the phishing attack happens entirely on a legitimate site — there's no fake login page, no malicious payload to scan for, and the URL in the browser is genuine. Since there's no traditional phishing content being delivered, these attacks are more resistant to detection by email and network security tools.",{"data":21185,"content":21186,"nodeType":866},{},[21187],{"data":21188,"marks":21189,"value":21190,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Second, the widespread legitimate use of device code flow — particularly among developers and technical users — normalizes the experience of entering device codes. A phishing lure asking them to do the same thing is indistinguishable from a legitimate IT request. And for non-technical users, this experience isn't much different to, for example, entering a code sent via email or authenticator app. ",{"data":21192,"content":21193,"nodeType":1458},{},[21194],{"data":21195,"marks":21196,"value":21198,"nodeType":865},{},[21197],{"type":961},"Multiple apps are vulnerable, with different risk profiles",{"data":21200,"content":21201,"nodeType":866},{},[21202],{"data":21203,"marks":21204,"value":21205,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Various apps implement the device code flow, each with different levels of control and default security, but the risk is not uniform across platforms. ",{"data":21207,"content":21208,"nodeType":1049},{},[21209,21224,21238],{"data":21210,"content":21211,"nodeType":1003},{},[21212],{"data":21213,"content":21214,"nodeType":866},{},[21215,21220],{"data":21216,"marks":21217,"value":21219,"nodeType":865},{},[21218],{"type":961},"Google Workspace ",{"data":21221,"marks":21222,"value":21223,"nodeType":865},{},[],"is a significantly lower-risk target because Google explicitly limits which scopes are available to the device code flow — Gmail, Calendar, and most Workspace APIs are simply unavailable through this mechanism. ",{"data":21225,"content":21226,"nodeType":1003},{},[21227],{"data":21228,"content":21229,"nodeType":866},{},[21230,21234],{"data":21231,"marks":21232,"value":18697,"nodeType":865},{},[21233],{"type":961},{"data":21235,"marks":21236,"value":21237,"nodeType":865},{},[]," offers the broadest attack surface due to unrestricted scopes, reusable first-party client IDs, and the FOCI/PRT escalation paths. ",{"data":21239,"content":21240,"nodeType":1003},{},[21241],{"data":21242,"content":21243,"nodeType":866},{},[21244,21248,21252],{"data":21245,"marks":21246,"value":21247,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Apps like ",{"data":21249,"marks":21250,"value":16742,"nodeType":865},{},[21251],{"type":961},{"data":21253,"marks":21254,"value":21255,"nodeType":865},{},[]," sit in between — broad scopes are available (including full repository access), but the attacker must control their own OAuth app and the victim sees an explicit consent screen. ",{"data":21257,"content":21261,"nodeType":925},{"target":21258},{"sys":21259},{"id":21260,"type":922,"linkType":923},"ejNSC76jge1p1zzz9wwiG",[],{"data":21263,"content":21264,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":21266,"content":21267,"nodeType":963},{},[21268],{"data":21269,"marks":21270,"value":21272,"nodeType":865},{},[21271],{"type":961},"Security recommendations",{"data":21274,"content":21275,"nodeType":866},{},[21276],{"data":21277,"marks":21278,"value":21279,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security teams need to consider the risk posed by device code phishing across multiple apps where device code authorization grants are common, particularly for developers and technical users. ",{"data":21281,"content":21282,"nodeType":866},{},[21283],{"data":21284,"marks":21285,"value":21286,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In an ideal world, you would simply block device code logins. But this can’t be done without causing serious disruption in some environments, while some apps simply don’t provide the tools required to do so. For example, device code is the default CLI sign-in method for GitHub. Developer-heavy organizations are likely to encounter higher levels of legitimate use.",{"data":21288,"content":21289,"nodeType":866},{},[21290,21294,21303,21307,21312,21316,21321,21325,21330],{"data":21291,"marks":21292,"value":21293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft arguably offers the strongest control options (other than Google, who negate it right out of the gate), though they do require a fair amount of work. ",{"data":21295,"content":21297,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21296},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/microsoft-entra-blog/new-microsoft-managed-policies-to-raise-your-identity-security-posture/4286758",[21298],{"data":21299,"marks":21300,"value":21302,"nodeType":865},{},[21301],{"type":997},"Microsoft now explicitly recommends",{"data":21304,"marks":21305,"value":21306,"nodeType":865},{},[]," blocking device code flow for tenants that haven't used it in the past 25 days. 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",{"data":21348,"content":21349,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":21351,"content":21352,"nodeType":963},{},[21353],{"data":21354,"marks":21355,"value":21357,"nodeType":865},{},[21356],{"type":961},"How Push Security can help",{"data":21359,"content":21360,"nodeType":866},{},[21361],{"data":21362,"marks":21363,"value":21364,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push customers can use our browser-based capabilities to overcome the limitations of app-level controls and detect, intercept, and shut down attacks in real time. ",{"data":21366,"content":21367,"nodeType":866},{},[21368],{"data":21369,"marks":21370,"value":21371,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our research team is already tracking multiple device code phishing campaigns and toolkits, including the EvilTokens kit. Blocking controls are already in place to prevent customers from interacting with malicious pages that match our detections for these new toolkits, ensuring that these pages can be identified and blocked in real time regardless of the infrastructure. ",{"data":21373,"content":21374,"nodeType":866},{},[21375,21379,21388],{"data":21376,"marks":21377,"value":21378,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using Push you can also ",{"data":21380,"content":21382,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21381},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/can-i-use-push-to-help-protect-against-device-code-phishing-scenarios/",[21383],{"data":21384,"marks":21385,"value":21387,"nodeType":865},{},[21386],{"type":997},"configure in-browser warnings",{"data":21389,"marks":21390,"value":21391,"nodeType":865},{},[]," whenever a user accesses a URL used for device code logins. This provides universal, last-mile protection against even ‘zero-day’ device code phishing attacks using previously unidentified toolkits.  ",{"data":21393,"content":21397,"nodeType":925},{"target":21394},{"sys":21395},{"id":21396,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3JsbGaOKSS3INzBUJpoh1W",[],{"data":21399,"content":21400,"nodeType":866},{},[21401],{"data":21402,"marks":21403,"value":21404,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a user visits those URLs, Push will also emit a webhook event that the banner was shown and acknowledged. If a user opts to proceed, you can treat this as a high-fidelity alert for your security team to investigate, providing app-agnostic telemetry that may not already be provided in your logs from that particular vendor. You can also simply use Push to block users from accessing device login pages if you’re confident that disruption won’t be caused. ",{"data":21406,"content":21407,"nodeType":1458},{},[21408],{"data":21409,"marks":21410,"value":1704,"nodeType":865},{},[21411],{"type":961},{"data":21413,"content":21414,"nodeType":866},{},[21415],{"data":21416,"marks":21417,"value":21418,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":21420,"content":21421,"nodeType":866},{},[21422,21426,21435,21438,21447,21451,21459],{"data":21423,"marks":21424,"value":21425,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To learn more about Push, ",{"data":21427,"content":21429,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21428},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/product-brochure",[21430],{"data":21431,"marks":21432,"value":21434,"nodeType":865},{},[21433],{"type":997},"check out our latest product overview",{"data":21436,"marks":21437,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":21439,"content":21441,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21440},"https://pushsecurity.com/product-demo/",[21442],{"data":21443,"marks":21444,"value":21446,"nodeType":865},{},[21445],{"type":997},"view our demo 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the final installment of our ",{"data":23295,"content":23296,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18402},[23297],{"data":23298,"marks":23299,"value":23300,"nodeType":865},{},[],"State of Browser Attacks series",{"data":23302,"marks":23303,"value":23304,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Push Field CTO Mark Orlando sat down with Matt Johansen, security veteran, former Reddit security lead, and founder of the Vulnerable U newsletter, to talk about what's actually working in security and what's just theater. Here are seven takeaways from the conversation.","What we learned from sitting down with Matt Johansen to discuss the difference between security theater and security that actually works. ",{"id":23307,"publishedAt":23308},"3EM39T0mqy5DscsNSact3Z","2026-08-12T12:00:52.913Z",{"items":23310},[23311,23313],{"sys":23312,"name":297},{"id":2828},{"sys":23314,"name":2825},{"id":2824},{"items":23316},[23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351],{"sys":23318,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":23320,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":23322,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":23324,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":23326,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":23328,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":23330,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":23332,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":23334,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":23336,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":23338,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":23340,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":23342,"name":554,"slug":555,"tier":45},{"id":551},{"sys":23344,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":23346,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":23348,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":23350,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":23352,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},"AunB53ENgDXpGtfck0wVIWIMH2JNgreFpn5xEkZdVmo",{"id":23355,"title":23356,"authorsCollection":23357,"content":23361,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":23951,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":23953,"metaTitle":23954,"ogImage":59,"postType":1783,"publishedDate":23955,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":23956,"slug":28373,"stem":28374,"subtitle":59,"summary":28375,"synopsis":28386,"sys":28387,"tagsCollection":28390,"topicsCollection":28396,"__hash__":28442},"blog/blog/7-things-we-learned-from-john-hammond.json","7 things we learned from ‘Why the browser is the new battleground’ with John Hammond",{"items":23358},[23359],{"fullName":17929,"firstName":17930,"jobTitle":17931,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":23360},{"url":17933},{"json":23362,"links":23942},{"data":23363,"content":23364,"nodeType":1739},{},[23365,23385,23391,23394,23402,23452,23462,23465,23473,23492,23499,23523,23541,23544,23552,23570,23577,23584,23594,23597,23605,23636,23654,23657,23665,23682,23689,23696,23699,23707,23724,23731,23749,23759,23766,23769,23777,23793,23800,23807,23819,23829,23846,23849,23857,23864,23912],{"data":23366,"content":23367,"nodeType":866},{},[23368,23372,23381],{"data":23369,"marks":23370,"value":23371,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently sat down with ",{"data":23373,"content":23375,"nodeType":882},{"uri":23374},"https://www.youtube.com/@_JohnHammond",[23376],{"data":23377,"marks":23378,"value":23380,"nodeType":865},{},[23379],{"type":997},"John Hammond",{"data":23382,"marks":23383,"value":23384,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — Senior Principal Security Researcher at Huntress — for a live deep-dive into the browser-based attack techniques defining the 2026 threat landscape. The session covered AiTM phishing, ClickFix, ConsentFix, device code phishing, and the structural shifts making traditional security controls less effective against all of them. Here are seven takeaways.",{"data":23386,"content":23390,"nodeType":925},{"target":23387},{"sys":23388},{"id":23389,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5lJ49aLY0nApDeY69tNvUi",[],{"data":23392,"content":23393,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":23395,"content":23396,"nodeType":963},{},[23397],{"data":23398,"marks":23399,"value":23401,"nodeType":865},{},[23400],{"type":961},"1. Browser attacks are evolving faster than defenses can adapt",{"data":23403,"content":23404,"nodeType":866},{},[23405,23409,23416,23420,23427,23431,23438,23442,23449],{"data":23406,"marks":23407,"value":23408,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The overriding theme of the session wasn't any single technique — it was the pace of change across all of them. AiTM phishing has been ",{"data":23410,"content":23411,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8581},[23412],{"data":23413,"marks":23414,"value":23415,"nodeType":865},{},[],"the dominant phishing technique",{"data":23417,"marks":23418,"value":23419,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for a couple of years now, but the variants layered on top of it are arriving faster than most security teams can evaluate, let alone deploy defenses against. ClickFix went from novel to ",{"data":23421,"content":23422,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3620},[23423],{"data":23424,"marks":23425,"value":23426,"nodeType":865},{},[],"the most common initial access vector observed by Microsoft",{"data":23428,"marks":23429,"value":23430,"nodeType":865},{},[]," within about a year. Device code phishing went from near-zero to ",{"data":23432,"content":23433,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[23434],{"data":23435,"marks":23436,"value":23437,"nodeType":865},{},[],"at least 12 distinct kits",{"data":23439,"marks":23440,"value":23441,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in a matter of months. ConsentFix was detected as a zero-day technique by Push in late 2025 and has already been ",{"data":23443,"content":23444,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3009},[23445],{"data":23446,"marks":23447,"value":23448,"nodeType":865},{},[],"operationalized on criminal forums",{"data":23450,"marks":23451,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23453,"content":23454,"nodeType":11214},{},[23455],{"data":23456,"content":23457,"nodeType":866},{},[23458],{"data":23459,"marks":23460,"value":23461,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As Luke put it toward the end of the session: \"I've seen this develop so fast over the last two years. This isn't what's coming — this is now. This is where the battleground is.\"",{"data":23463,"content":23464,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":23466,"content":23467,"nodeType":963},{},[23468],{"data":23469,"marks":23470,"value":23472,"nodeType":865},{},[23471],{"type":961},"2. AiTM phishing is table stakes for attackers ",{"data":23474,"content":23475,"nodeType":866},{},[23476,23480,23488],{"data":23477,"marks":23478,"value":23479,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-middle phishing — where a reverse proxy sits between the victim and the real login page, intercepting session tokens in real time to bypass MFA — is no longer an advanced technique. It's available as a commodity for-hire through Phishing-as-a-Service platforms like Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, and others",{"data":23481,"content":23482,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8581},[23483],{"data":23484,"marks":23485,"value":23487,"nodeType":865},{},[23486],{"type":997},",",{"data":23489,"marks":23490,"value":23491,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and the kits are getting harder to detect through traditional means.",{"data":23493,"content":23494,"nodeType":866},{},[23495],{"data":23496,"marks":23497,"value":23498,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Luke demoed the attacker's perspective using Evilginx — an open-source tool now commonly seen in criminal operations — showing how session tokens are captured in real time even when the victim enters their MFA code correctly. From the victim's side, the login feels completely normal.",{"data":23500,"content":23501,"nodeType":866},{},[23502,23507,23511,23519],{"data":23503,"marks":23504,"value":23506,"nodeType":865},{},[23505],{"type":961},"One of the key focuses in the session was how attackers are abusing legitimate infrastructure for both hosting and delivery of phishing pages. .",{"data":23508,"marks":23509,"value":23510,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The in-the-wild examples showed attack chains routing through multiple legitimate services — file-sharing platforms, TinyURL, Cloudflare Turnstile, Google Search redirects — before finally landing on the phishing page. This is a well established technique for ",{"data":23512,"content":23513,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13634},[23514],{"data":23515,"marks":23516,"value":23518,"nodeType":865},{},[23517],{"type":997},"detection evasion",{"data":23520,"marks":23521,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],". ",{"data":23524,"content":23525,"nodeType":866},{},[23526,23530,23537],{"data":23527,"marks":23528,"value":23529,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As John observed, \"the end user doesn't have that wherewithal or that observability understanding of how far they drove around across the internet\" before arriving at the credential-harvesting page. Push reconstructs these multi-hop chains into a ",{"data":23531,"content":23532,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5481},[23533],{"data":23534,"marks":23535,"value":23536,"nodeType":865},{},[],"complete timeline",{"data":23538,"marks":23539,"value":23540,"nodeType":865},{},[],", mapping the full redirect sequence even when individual hops are through trusted domains that wouldn't trigger any reputation-based alert — and crucially, detects malicious content on the phishing page itself rather than relying on known-bad IP and domain based checks that can only see the known-good sites used early in the chain.",{"data":23542,"content":23543,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":23545,"content":23546,"nodeType":963},{},[23547],{"data":23548,"marks":23549,"value":23551,"nodeType":865},{},[23550],{"type":961},"3. Email is losing its market share as a delivery vector",{"data":23553,"content":23554,"nodeType":866},{},[23555,23559,23566],{"data":23556,"marks":23557,"value":23558,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the most striking examples in the webinar was a targeted AiTM campaign ",{"data":23560,"content":23561,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5179},[23562],{"data":23563,"marks":23564,"value":23565,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detected last year",{"data":23567,"marks":23568,"value":23569,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that was delivered entirely via LinkedIn. Senior executives at tech companies received direct messages from compromised contacts — people they already knew, in some cases other employees of the same companies — offering involvement in private equity fundraising rounds connected to companies they had real involvement with. The targeting was precise and personal, and the redirect chain ran through sites.google.com and Microsoft Dynamics before landing on a cloned login page.",{"data":23571,"content":23572,"nodeType":866},{},[23573],{"data":23574,"marks":23575,"value":23576,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As Luke noted, LinkedIn occupies an unusual middle ground: \"It's this great way of targeting companies, but through a vector that can't really be monitored in the same way as other corporate systems, because it's kind of a personal platform.\" It's personal enough that companies can't realistically monitor it, but professional enough that employees routinely access it from corporate devices.",{"data":23578,"content":23579,"nodeType":866},{},[23580],{"data":23581,"marks":23582,"value":23583,"nodeType":865},{},[],"LinkedIn is only part of the shift. ClickFix attacks most commonly arrive via search results in 4 of 5 cases based on Push data. Luke noted \"not even malvertising, just organic search, uncovering legit websites that have been compromised.\" InstallFix pages appear as sponsored Google ads. ConsentFix pages were seeded on compromised websites found through normal browsing. In every case, the email gateway never sees the lure because the lure was never in an email. And of course, even if a compromised website is reported and removed, it’s easier than ever for an attacker to quickly tear down and rotate their sites to stay ahead of blocklists. ",{"data":23585,"content":23586,"nodeType":11214},{},[23587],{"data":23588,"content":23589,"nodeType":866},{},[23590],{"data":23591,"marks":23592,"value":23593,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As John put it: \"You could set up this lure or this trap out on the open internet so that anyone could fall for it at any point.\"",{"data":23595,"content":23596,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":23598,"content":23599,"nodeType":963},{},[23600],{"data":23601,"marks":23602,"value":23604,"nodeType":865},{},[23603],{"type":961},"4. ClickFix keeps evolving with multiple *Fix derivatives",{"data":23606,"content":23607,"nodeType":866},{},[23608,23612,23620,23624,23632],{"data":23609,"marks":23610,"value":23611,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ClickFix — where a malicious page silently writes a payload to the victim's clipboard and instructs them to paste and execute it — ",{"data":23613,"content":23614,"nodeType":882},{"uri":9176},[23615],{"data":23616,"marks":23617,"value":23619,"nodeType":865},{},[23618],{"type":997},"spawned an entire family of variants since its emergence, according to Push’s research",{"data":23621,"marks":23622,"value":23623,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The webinar showed how far the social engineering has come: Luke demonstrated a ",{"data":23625,"content":23627,"nodeType":882},{"uri":23626},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-most-advanced-clickfix-yet/",[23628],{"data":23629,"marks":23630,"value":23631,"nodeType":865},{},[],"particularly sophisticated variant",{"data":23633,"marks":23634,"value":23635,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on a compromised legitimate website with an embedded instructional video and a countdown timer to manufacture urgency, targeting macOS. As John noted: \"It can be cross-platform because you're just preying on the human weakness. The video smooths it over for the user experience.\"",{"data":23637,"content":23638,"nodeType":866},{},[23639,23643,23650],{"data":23640,"marks":23641,"value":23642,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The more important point was structural. Because the user manually pastes and executes the command, \"from the EDR's perspective, the user just manually ran this command,\" Luke explained. \"It actually breaks that link from an EDR's perspective.\" EDR behavioral detections weigh execution context heavily — a PowerShell command spawned from a browser process tree is suspicious, but the same command initiated through the Run dialog looks like normal activity. Push ",{"data":23644,"content":23645,"nodeType":882},{"uri":9176},[23646],{"data":23647,"marks":23648,"value":23649,"nodeType":865},{},[],"detects ClickFix at the clipboard-injection stage",{"data":23651,"marks":23652,"value":23653,"nodeType":865},{},[],", before the payload ever reaches the endpoint, to bolster endpoint-level detections and extend protection to machines like BYOD, contractor, or developer devices where EDR is often missing or tuned-down.",{"data":23655,"content":23656,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":23658,"content":23659,"nodeType":963},{},[23660],{"data":23661,"marks":23662,"value":23664,"nodeType":865},{},[23663],{"type":961},"5. InstallFix turned the AI tool boom into an attack surface overnight",{"data":23666,"content":23667,"nodeType":866},{},[23668,23671,23678],{"data":23669,"marks":23670,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23672,"content":23673,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11342},[23674],{"data":23675,"marks":23676,"value":16352,"nodeType":865},{},[23677],{"type":997},{"data":23679,"marks":23680,"value":23681,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a ClickFix variant that clones legitimate developer tool installation pages and swaps the install command for a malicious payload — was one of the clearest examples of how quickly a new attack pattern can go from zero to dominant. Luke showed side-by-side comparisons of real and fake Claude Code installation pages that were visually identical except for the payload itself, and fake Notebook LM pages appearing as top Google sponsored results.",{"data":23683,"content":23684,"nodeType":866},{},[23685],{"data":23686,"marks":23687,"value":23688,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The trajectory Luke described was striking: \"It literally started one day and then it's just been nonstop for the last couple of months since it started. It obviously is working really well.\" John added that the Claude Code variant in particular has been \"running rampant,\" and that he personally knows someone who fell for it.",{"data":23690,"content":23691,"nodeType":866},{},[23692],{"data":23693,"marks":23694,"value":23695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What makes InstallFix effective is that it exploits a workflow that's become completely normalized — the rise of AI tools has encouraged even non-technical users to install software via terminal commands copied from documentation pages. When the fake page looks identical to the real one and the install method is exactly what you'd expect, the only tell is a base64-encoded payload that most users wouldn't think to scrutinize.",{"data":23697,"content":23698,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":23700,"content":23701,"nodeType":963},{},[23702],{"data":23703,"marks":23704,"value":23706,"nodeType":865},{},[23705],{"type":961},"6. ConsentFix plays out entirely in the browser, and criminals just got the playbook",{"data":23708,"content":23709,"nodeType":866},{},[23710,23713,23720],{"data":23711,"marks":23712,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23714,"content":23715,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11102},[23716],{"data":23717,"marks":23718,"value":11095,"nodeType":865},{},[23719],{"type":997},{"data":23721,"marks":23722,"value":23723,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was a key focus in the webinar, and for good reason — it represents a fundamentally different class of browser attack. Rather than proxying credentials (AiTM) or injecting endpoint payloads (ClickFix), ConsentFix abuses the OAuth authorization code flow via the Azure CLI's localhost redirect to obtain access tokens without ever touching a password or MFA prompt. As John put it: \"This one is really tricky because the entire attack and technique lives only within the browser. There are no little EDR artifacts to poke and play at.\"",{"data":23725,"content":23726,"nodeType":866},{},[23727],{"data":23728,"marks":23729,"value":23730,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Luke described how Push first detected ConsentFix in the wild — a genuine zero-day discovery that took multiple encounters to fully understand. The attackers were fingerprinting visitors by IP and browser, triggering the payload only once per visitor across all compromised sites, and performing conditional access checks on the email address provided before deciding whether to proceed. \"It took us seeing it a few times before we cracked it,\" Luke explained. \"And then we were like — wow. What is this? I've never seen this before.\"",{"data":23732,"content":23733,"nodeType":866},{},[23734,23738,23745],{"data":23735,"marks":23736,"value":23737,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The session then took an interesting turn when John revealed something he hadn't previously shared publicly: a  ",{"data":23739,"content":23740,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3009},[23741],{"data":23742,"marks":23743,"value":23744,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix v3 toolkit",{"data":23746,"marks":23747,"value":23748,"nodeType":865},{},[]," posted on a well-known criminal forum, complete with a tutorial video, step-by-step instructions, and a zero-infrastructure approach using Cloudflare Workers for hosting, Dropbox for PDF delivery, and Pipedream as an automated exfiltration channel. \"They don’t need any infrastructure,\" John noted. \"They don’t have to host any servers or VPS. They could just cast this out to the whole wide world on the open internet.\"",{"data":23750,"content":23751,"nodeType":11214},{},[23752],{"data":23753,"content":23754,"nodeType":866},{},[23755],{"data":23756,"marks":23757,"value":23758,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Luke's assessment was clear: \"When we published our first article, we were thinking, surely we're going to see a huge increase in this technique. We haven't really — until now.\" ",{"data":23760,"content":23761,"nodeType":866},{},[23762],{"data":23763,"marks":23764,"value":23765,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With the criminal ecosystem now tooled up, the expectation is that ConsentFix will follow the same commoditization arc as other techniques discussed in the session.",{"data":23767,"content":23768,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":23770,"content":23771,"nodeType":963},{},[23772],{"data":23773,"marks":23774,"value":23776,"nodeType":865},{},[23775],{"type":961},"7. Device code phishing is the technique both speakers fear most (and it's just getting started)",{"data":23778,"content":23779,"nodeType":866},{},[23780,23784,23790],{"data":23781,"marks":23782,"value":23783,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When John asked Luke which technique felt most dangerous, the answer was immediate: ",{"data":23785,"content":23786,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[23787],{"data":23788,"marks":23789,"value":18122,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23791,"marks":23792,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23794,"content":23795,"nodeType":866},{},[23796],{"data":23797,"marks":23798,"value":23799,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The technique abuses the OAuth 2.0 device authorization grant flow — originally designed for input-constrained devices like TVs, but now primarily used in enterprise environments for CLI tool authentication (Azure CLI, GitHub CLI, AWS CLI). That everyday enterprise usage is exactly what makes the phishing so effective: users in developer-heavy organizations are already habituated to entering short codes as part of their normal workflow. The victim enters a code on a legitimate Microsoft login page, and if they're already authenticated, the entire compromise happens without entering a password or completing an MFA challenge.",{"data":23801,"content":23802,"nodeType":866},{},[23803],{"data":23804,"marks":23805,"value":23806,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push is now tracking at least 12 distinct device code phishing kits, \"literally within the last couple of months — from basically zero to this.\" EvilTokens dominates at an estimated 90–95% of detected volume, but the kit landscape is diversifying fast. Luke's theory: every existing AiTM vendor is adding device code phishing as a module. When Push investigated the Venom kit, its AiTM component triggered existing Sneaky2FA detections — suggesting the same actors or codebase behind both. \"That's why we've seen such a rapid increase — it's worked so well that everyone is just doing the same thing now.\"",{"data":23808,"content":23809,"nodeType":866},{},[23810,23815],{"data":23811,"marks":23812,"value":23814,"nodeType":865},{},[23813],{"type":961},"What makes device code phishing uniquely dangerous is how little friction it presents to the victim.",{"data":23816,"marks":23817,"value":23818,"nodeType":865},{},[]," As Luke explained: \"It's purely identity-driven. It completely bypasses 2FA, even bypasses phishing-resistant factors like passkeys. And it's just not something that seems malicious to your average user. We haven't trained people to worry about being given a code and being told to type that code.\"",{"data":23820,"content":23821,"nodeType":11214},{},[23822],{"data":23823,"content":23824,"nodeType":866},{},[23825],{"data":23826,"marks":23827,"value":23828,"nodeType":865},{},[],"John's closing take: \"It still feels early and emergent, even though the technique has been known for a while. It hasn't been weaponized like it has right now. I think device code is just at the starting gun.\" ",{"data":23830,"content":23831,"nodeType":866},{},[23832,23836,23843],{"data":23833,"marks":23834,"value":23835,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The blast radius extends beyond Microsoft too — GitHub, Salesforce, and other platforms support the same underlying flow, and was exploited in 2025’s massive Salesforce campaign operated by ",{"data":23837,"content":23838,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4236},[23839],{"data":23840,"marks":23841,"value":4241,"nodeType":865},{},[23842],{"type":997},{"data":23844,"marks":23845,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23847,"content":23848,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":23850,"content":23851,"nodeType":963},{},[23852],{"data":23853,"marks":23854,"value":23856,"nodeType":865},{},[23855],{"type":961},"What ties all of this together",{"data":23858,"content":23859,"nodeType":866},{},[23860],{"data":23861,"marks":23862,"value":23863,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Every technique covered in the webinar — AiTM, ClickFix, InstallFix, ConsentFix, device code phishing — is designed to operate in or through the browser, abuse legitimate infrastructure and authentication flows, and evade the traditional security stack. Email gateways don't see them because the delivery vector increasingly isn't email. EDR doesn't reliably block them because the attack either breaks the process tree attribution (ClickFix) or never touches the endpoint at all (ConsentFix, device code phishing). Network proxies don't see them because the attack plays out in client-side page content, DOM interactions, and OAuth flows that are invisible to traffic inspection.",{"data":23865,"content":23866,"nodeType":866},{},[23867,23871,23877,23880,23887,23890,23897,23901,23908],{"data":23868,"marks":23869,"value":23870,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detects all of them — ",{"data":23872,"content":23873,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5481},[23874],{"data":23875,"marks":23876,"value":261,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23878,"marks":23879,"value":23487,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23881,"content":23882,"nodeType":882},{"uri":9176},[23883],{"data":23884,"marks":23885,"value":23886,"nodeType":865},{},[]," ClickFix and the *Fix family",{"data":23888,"marks":23889,"value":23487,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23891,"content":23892,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11102},[23893],{"data":23894,"marks":23895,"value":23896,"nodeType":865},{},[]," ConsentFix",{"data":23898,"marks":23899,"value":23900,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and",{"data":23902,"content":23903,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[23904],{"data":23905,"marks":23906,"value":23907,"nodeType":865},{},[]," device code phishing",{"data":23909,"marks":23910,"value":23911,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — through behavioral detection at the browser layer, regardless of delivery channel, domain reputation, or infrastructure rotation. The detections target technique-class behaviors rather than specific kits or indicators, which is why Push detected ConsentFix as a zero-day and why new kit variants are typically caught by existing detection logic before a kit-specific rule is even written.",{"data":23913,"content":23914,"nodeType":866},{},[23915,23918,23927,23931,23938],{"data":23916,"marks":23917,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":23919,"content":23921,"nodeType":882},{"uri":23920},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-attacks-why-browser-new-battleground",[23922],{"data":23923,"marks":23924,"value":23926,"nodeType":865},{},[23925],{"type":997},"Watch the full webinar",{"data":23928,"marks":23929,"value":23930,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to see the demos, attack chain timelines, and in-the-wild examples discussed in this post — or ",{"data":23932,"content":23933,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[23934],{"data":23935,"marks":23936,"value":23937,"nodeType":865},{},[],"book a 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SLH's genealogy traces through a merger of Scattered Spider, Lapsus$, and ShinyHunters, all parts of ",{"data":27421,"marks":27422,"value":27424,"nodeType":865},{},[27423],{"type":961},"the Com",{"data":27426,"marks":27427,"value":27428,"nodeType":865},{},[],", a broader community of English-speaking cybercriminals with international links. ",{"data":27430,"content":27431,"nodeType":866},{},[27432,27436,27444,27448,27456],{"data":27433,"marks":27434,"value":27435,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The confirmed victim list reads like a Fortune 500 directory: Coca-Cola, Cisco, Qantas, Coinbase, ADT, Aflac, SoundCloud, Rockstar Games, Charter Communications, and recently ",{"data":27437,"content":27439,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27438},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/instructure-confirms-data-breach-shinyhunters-claims-attack/",[27440],{"data":27441,"marks":27442,"value":27443,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Instructure",{"data":27445,"marks":27446,"value":27447,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — whose breach ",{"data":27449,"content":27451,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27450},"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2026/05/canvas-breach-disrupts-schools-colleges-nationwide/",[27452],{"data":27453,"marks":27454,"value":27455,"nodeType":865},{},[],"disrupted schools and universities nationwide",{"data":27457,"marks":27458,"value":27459,"nodeType":865},{},[]," during final exams — among dozens more named publicly and likely many more that haven't been (breaches settled quickly behind closed doors don't always make it into the public eye). ShinyHunters alone claimed over 1.5 billion stolen Salesforce records from a single campaign targeting more than 1,000 organizations.",{"data":27461,"content":27462,"nodeType":866},{},[27463,27467,27475,27479,27487,27491,27499],{"data":27464,"marks":27465,"value":27466,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Additional operating clusters, including Cordial Spider and Snarky Spider (which CrowdStrike ",{"data":27468,"content":27470,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27469},"https://cyberscoop.com/crowdstrike-cordial-spider-snarky-spider-extortion-attacks/",[27471],{"data":27472,"marks":27473,"value":27474,"nodeType":865},{},[],"characterizes as the new generation of Scattered Spider",{"data":27476,"marks":27477,"value":27478,"nodeType":865},{},[],") run parallel campaigns against different target sectors, unified not by shared infrastructure but by a shared playbook of techniques that exploit the structural weakness in modern SaaS-first organizations. ",{"data":27480,"content":27482,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27481},"https://github.com/PaloAltoNetworks/Unit42-timely-threat-intel/blob/main/2026-03-12-Vishing-Campaigns-Lead-to-Data-Theft-and-Extortion.txt",[27483],{"data":27484,"marks":27485,"value":27486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unit 42 documented",{"data":27488,"marks":27489,"value":27490,"nodeType":865},{},[]," these groups moving from initial compromise to complete data exfiltration in under an hour — faster than most organizations can even begin to respond. Newer groups with links to the SLH ecosystem like CoinbaseCartel have also continued the tradition of weaponizing stolen credentials from the infostealer economy at scale, as ShinyHunters did in the ",{"data":27492,"content":27494,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27493},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claims-15-billion-salesforce-records-stolen-in-drift-hacks/",[27495],{"data":27496,"marks":27497,"value":27498,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2024 Snowflake breach",{"data":27500,"marks":27501,"value":27502,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that compromised over 165 customer environments (and claimed another billion-plus records).",{"data":27504,"content":27505,"nodeType":866},{},[27506,27510,27518,27522,27530,27534,27542],{"data":27507,"marks":27508,"value":27509,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Not every SLH breach is browser-based — the Instructure breach (275 million individuals, ~330 school login portals defaced) began with a Salesforce tenant compromise in September 2025, but resurfaced in May 2026 after attackers exploited a ",{"data":27511,"content":27513,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27512},"https://www.bitdefender.com/en-gb/blog/businessinsights/technical-advisory-shinyhunters-breach-instructure-canvas-lms",[27514],{"data":27515,"marks":27516,"value":27517,"nodeType":865},{},[],"vulnerability affecting Canvas's Free-For-Teacher program",{"data":27519,"marks":27520,"value":27521,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (it's now been confirmed that Instructure \"",{"data":27523,"content":27525,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27524},"https://www.instructure.com/incident_update",[27526],{"data":27527,"marks":27528,"value":27529,"nodeType":865},{},[],"reached a settlement",{"data":27531,"marks":27532,"value":27533,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\" for the deletion of the data, and shut down the free account tier), while the Coinbase breach cost ",{"data":27535,"content":27537,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27536},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/coinbase-discloses-breach-faces-up-to-400-million-in-losses/",[27538],{"data":27539,"marks":27540,"value":27541,"nodeType":865},{},[],"$180M–400M through insider bribery",{"data":27543,"marks":27544,"value":27545,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — but these are the exceptions that prove the rule. ",{"data":27547,"content":27551,"nodeType":925},{"target":27548},{"sys":27549},{"id":27550,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4qNrbDyMJIumQfdbh9YVkU",[],{"data":27553,"content":27554,"nodeType":866},{},[27555,27560],{"data":27556,"marks":27557,"value":27559,"nodeType":865},{},[27558],{"type":961},"The vast majority of SLH campaigns over the past year converge on three browser-based attack vectors: vishing combined with AiTM phishing, device code phishing exploiting account authorization flows, and OAuth supply chain attacks through compromised third-party integrators.",{"data":27561,"marks":27562,"value":27563,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Each is well-documented, each has produced confirmed victims at scale, and each is detectable or preventable through browser-layer security controls.",{"data":27565,"content":27566,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":27568,"content":27569,"nodeType":963},{},[27570],{"data":27571,"marks":27572,"value":27574,"nodeType":865},{},[27573],{"type":961},"Vector 1: Vishing combined with AiTM phishing",{"data":27576,"content":27577,"nodeType":866},{},[27578,27582,27590,27593,27601,27604,27611,27615,27622],{"data":27579,"marks":27580,"value":27581,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most visible campaign right now pairs targeted voice calls with adversary-in-the-middle phishing pages — an approach that ",{"data":27583,"content":27585,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27584},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/expansion-shinyhunters-saas-data-theft",[27586],{"data":27587,"marks":27588,"value":27589,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mandiant",{"data":27591,"marks":27592,"value":23487,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":27594,"content":27596,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27595},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/defending-against-cordial-spider-and-snarky-spider-with-falcon-shield/",[27597],{"data":27598,"marks":27599,"value":27600,"nodeType":865},{},[]," CrowdStrike",{"data":27602,"marks":27603,"value":23900,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":27605,"content":27606,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27481},[27607],{"data":27608,"marks":27609,"value":27610,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Unit 42",{"data":27612,"marks":27613,"value":27614,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have all documented from the incident response side, and which Push has ",{"data":27616,"content":27617,"nodeType":882},{"uri":12335},[27618],{"data":27619,"marks":27620,"value":27621,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documented from inside the attacker's own operator panels",{"data":27623,"marks":27624,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":27626,"content":27627,"nodeType":866},{},[27628],{"data":27629,"marks":27630,"value":27631,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An attacker impersonating IT support calls the target employee, establishes urgency — often citing a \"mandatory passkey rollout\" or a \"security compliance update\" — and directs them to a victim-branded AiTM phishing page (typically at a domain like \u003Ccompany>sso.com or \u003Ccompany>internal.com). The attack is processed by a live human in real time, relaying credentials and MFA codes to the legitimate identity provider as they are entered, capturing the resulting session token, and granting the attacker an authenticated session. ",{"data":27633,"content":27634,"nodeType":866},{},[27635,27639,27646,27650],{"data":27636,"marks":27637,"value":27638,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the reasons that this method is becoming so widespread is the commoditization of effective tools. Push's ",{"data":27640,"content":27641,"nodeType":882},{"uri":12335},[27642],{"data":27643,"marks":27644,"value":27645,"nodeType":865},{},[],"infiltration of the criminal phishing panels",{"data":27647,"marks":27648,"value":27649,"nodeType":865},{},[]," identified over 400 linked domains across four distinct infrastructure clusters. ",{"data":27651,"marks":27652,"value":27654,"nodeType":865},{},[27653],{"type":961},"This mirrors the pattern that turned AiTM phishing from a specialist capability into an industrialized market with competing PhaaS platforms, but with the added complication that voice phishing as the delivery vector makes the attack invisible to traditional anti-phishing controls at the email layer.",{"data":27656,"content":27660,"nodeType":925},{"target":27657},{"sys":27658},{"id":27659,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1Yhthl0PILGW7EmCcZUrNv",[],{"data":27662,"content":27663,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":27665,"content":27666,"nodeType":963},{},[27667],{"data":27668,"marks":27669,"value":27671,"nodeType":865},{},[27670],{"type":961},"Vector 2: Vishing combined with device code phishing",{"data":27673,"content":27674,"nodeType":866},{},[27675,27678,27685,27689,27696],{"data":27676,"marks":27677,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":27679,"content":27680,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16578},[27681],{"data":27682,"marks":27683,"value":27684,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters Salesforce campaign",{"data":27686,"marks":27687,"value":27688,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that ran through 2025 and into 2026 used device code phishing as one of its core methods, ",{"data":27690,"content":27691,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27493},[27692],{"data":27693,"marks":27694,"value":27695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"compromising over 1,000 organizations and claiming 1.5 billion stolen records",{"data":27697,"marks":27698,"value":27699,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — including an attempted extortion of Salesforce itself. The attack involved registering an attacker-controlled \"DataLoader\" application mimicking a legitimate Salesforce tool, configuring it to request broad OAuth scopes including full API access and refresh token generation, and guiding victims through the device authorization flow via vishing calls.",{"data":27701,"content":27702,"nodeType":866},{},[27703],{"data":27704,"marks":27705,"value":27706,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Device code phishing exploits the OAuth 2.0 device authorization grant — a flow designed for devices without browsers, like smart TVs, but used in a wide range of scenarios including CLI logins — by tricking users into entering a code on Microsoft's (or another identity provider's) legitimate verification page. Since the victim is usually signed into the app in their browser, there’s no login at all. They simply navigate to the app’s device code login page and enter an attacker-provided code to grant the attacker an access token. ",{"data":27708,"content":27709,"nodeType":866},{},[27710],{"data":27711,"marks":27712,"value":27714,"nodeType":865},{},[27713],{"type":961},"This is what makes device code phishing structurally different from AiTM: it defeats all MFA (including passkeys) because the attack doesn’t target the login, but the authorization layer instead.",{"data":27716,"content":27720,"nodeType":925},{"target":27717},{"sys":27718},{"id":27719,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3ElQz8sLATnR8RY5nVlBGM",[],{"data":27722,"content":27723,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":27725,"content":27726,"nodeType":963},{},[27727],{"data":27728,"marks":27729,"value":27731,"nodeType":865},{},[27730],{"type":961},"Vector 3: OAuth supply chain attacks through compromised integrators",{"data":27733,"content":27734,"nodeType":866},{},[27735],{"data":27736,"marks":27737,"value":27738,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The third vector does not require the attacker to phish the victim organization's employees at all. Instead, it exploits the OAuth trust relationships that organizations create when they connect third-party SaaS vendors into their environments — and the consequence is that every organization that authorized one of these integrations effectively extended its security boundary to include the vendor's own security posture.",{"data":27740,"content":27741,"nodeType":866},{},[27742,27745,27753],{"data":27743,"marks":27744,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":27746,"content":27748,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27747},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/data-theft-salesforce-instances-via-salesloft-drift",[27749],{"data":27750,"marks":27751,"value":27752,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Salesloft/Drift supply chain attack",{"data":27754,"marks":27755,"value":27756,"nodeType":865},{},[]," demonstrated this at scale in 2025: in an extension of the previously mentioned device code phishing campaign, the attacker compromised Salesloft's GitHub environment, used TruffleHog to find secrets, stole Drift OAuth tokens, and used them to access downstream Salesforce environments. The same pattern was later repeated at Gainsight. ",{"data":27758,"content":27759,"nodeType":866},{},[27760],{"data":27761,"marks":27762,"value":27763,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Along with the previously mentioned device code phishing attacks,  more than 1000 organizations were breached. The attackers then harvested AWS keys, Snowflake credentials, and stored passwords from breached Salesforce instances, compounding the access into progressively wider reach.",{"data":27765,"content":27766,"nodeType":866},{},[27767,27771,27779,27783,27791,27795,27802],{"data":27768,"marks":27769,"value":27770,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The same structural pattern has continued into 2026 with the Anodot supply chain compromise, which has produced confirmed breaches at ",{"data":27772,"content":27774,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27773},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/vimeo-data-breach-exposes-personal-information-of-119-000-people/",[27775],{"data":27776,"marks":27777,"value":27778,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Vimeo",{"data":27780,"marks":27781,"value":27782,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (119,000 users), Rockstar Games (78.6 million records), and ",{"data":27784,"content":27786,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27785},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/zara-data-breach-exposed-personal-information-of-197-000-people/",[27787],{"data":27788,"marks":27789,"value":27790,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Zara/Inditex",{"data":27792,"marks":27793,"value":27794,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (197,000 people), with further downstream victims likely still emerging. The ",{"data":27796,"content":27797,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3288},[27798],{"data":27799,"marks":27800,"value":27801,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Vercel breach",{"data":27803,"marks":27804,"value":27805,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which involved compromised OAuth tokens from Context.ai cascading into Google Workspace, also reinforces the same attack pattern (though it was likely not a ShinyHunters operation despite being claimed by someone pretending to be them).",{"data":27807,"content":27808,"nodeType":866},{},[27809],{"data":27810,"marks":27811,"value":27812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A forgotten SaaS integration can easily become the pivot point for downstream compromise. The moment you authorize a third-party integration, your security boundary extends to include that vendor. If the third-party is compromised, every downstream customer organization with an active integration is exposed.",{"data":27814,"content":27815,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":27817,"content":27818,"nodeType":963},{},[27819],{"data":27820,"marks":27821,"value":27823,"nodeType":865},{},[27822],{"type":961},"The infostealer credential playbook sits alongside these attacks",{"data":27825,"content":27826,"nodeType":866},{},[27827,27831,27839],{"data":27828,"marks":27829,"value":27830,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Alongside the three vectors above, ShinyHunters has a track record of exploiting the infostealer credential economy at scale — and it predates any of them. The 2024 Snowflake campaign — 165+ customer environments compromised, over a billion records stolen from AT&T, Ticketmaster, Santander, and Advance Auto Parts among others — was built entirely on infostealer-harvested credentials replayed against MFA-less tenants, with ",{"data":27832,"content":27834,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27833},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc5537-snowflake-data-theft-extortion",[27835],{"data":27836,"marks":27837,"value":27838,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Mandiant's investigation",{"data":27840,"marks":27841,"value":27842,"nodeType":865},{},[]," finding that 80% of compromised accounts had prior breach exposure in datasets dating back to 2020. The credentials were already circulating in criminal marketplaces; ShinyHunters simply purchased and operationalized them at industrial scale.",{"data":27844,"content":27845,"nodeType":866},{},[27846,27850,27858,27862,27870,27874,27882,27886,27894],{"data":27847,"marks":27848,"value":27849,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The same methodology powered the ",{"data":27851,"content":27853,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27852},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-targeting-jira-with-stolen-credentials/",[27854],{"data":27855,"marks":27856,"value":27857,"nodeType":865},{},[],"HellCat Jira campaign",{"data":27859,"marks":27860,"value":27861,"nodeType":865},{},[]," through 2024–2025, and has now been industrialized as a standalone operation by ",{"data":27863,"content":27865,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27864},"https://www.halcyon.ai/jp/threat-group/coinbasecartel",[27866],{"data":27867,"marks":27868,"value":27869,"nodeType":865},{},[],"CoinbaseCartel",{"data":27871,"marks":27872,"value":27873,"nodeType":865},{},[],", another criminal group reported to be an offshoot of SLH. CoinbaseCartel's model is familiar: purchase old infostealer credentials, use them to access cloud and development environments, exfiltrate data, and demand ransom. ",{"data":27875,"content":27877,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27876},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/inside-the-coinbase-cartel-how-infostealer-credentials-fueled-a-100-company-ransomware-spree/",[27878],{"data":27879,"marks":27880,"value":27881,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hudson Rock's analysis",{"data":27883,"marks":27884,"value":27885,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of the group's 170+ claimed victims confirms that roughly 80% had prior infostealer infections predating the attacks. The most recent named victim is ",{"data":27887,"content":27889,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27888},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/grafana-says-stolen-github-token-let-hackers-steal-codebase/",[27890],{"data":27891,"marks":27892,"value":27893,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Grafana",{"data":27895,"marks":27896,"value":27897,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where a GitHub token compromised via the TanStack npm supply chain attack and missed during credential rotation was used to download the codebase and attempt extortion. ",{"data":27899,"content":27900,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":27902,"content":27903,"nodeType":963},{},[27904],{"data":27905,"marks":27906,"value":27908,"nodeType":865},{},[27907],{"type":961},"These attacks all happen in the browser",{"data":27910,"content":27911,"nodeType":866},{},[27912,27916,27923],{"data":27913,"marks":27914,"value":27915,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Every one of these attack chains is a browser-based attack that either occurs in the browser (AiTM phishing, device code phishing) or could have been prevented at the browser layer (OAuth consent governance). The techniques are interchangeable — the",{"data":27917,"content":27918,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[27919],{"data":27920,"marks":27921,"value":27922,"nodeType":865},{},[]," same criminal kits now offer AiTM and device code phishing side by side",{"data":27924,"marks":27925,"value":27926,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and the same threat actor (ShinyHunters) has used all three vectors across different campaigns within the same twelve-month period.",{"data":27928,"content":27929,"nodeType":866},{},[27930,27934,27941],{"data":27931,"marks":27932,"value":27933,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Additionally, infostealer infections themselves are increasingly delivered through browser-based methods like ",{"data":27935,"content":27937,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27936},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection",[27938],{"data":27939,"marks":27940,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":27942,"marks":27943,"value":27944,"nodeType":865},{},[],", closing the loop between the credential supply side and the browser-layer detection point.",{"data":27946,"content":27947,"nodeType":1458},{},[27948],{"data":27949,"marks":27950,"value":3604,"nodeType":865},{},[27951],{"type":961},{"data":27953,"content":27954,"nodeType":866},{},[27955],{"data":27956,"marks":27957,"value":27958,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push operates at the exact point in each of these attack chains where automated intervention can still prevent the compromise. ",{"data":27960,"content":27961,"nodeType":866},{},[27962,27967],{"data":27963,"marks":27964,"value":27966,"nodeType":865},{},[27965],{"type":961},"For vishing + AiTM attacks, ",{"data":27968,"marks":27969,"value":27970,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's behavioral phishing detection analyzes and blocks the phishing page in real time by detecting it from the user's browser — regardless of the domains used, hosting infrastructure, or where the URL was delivered.  ",{"data":27972,"content":27973,"nodeType":866},{},[27974,27979],{"data":27975,"marks":27976,"value":27978,"nodeType":865},{},[27977],{"type":961},"For device code phishing,",{"data":27980,"marks":27981,"value":27982,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Push detects the phishing pages associated with device code phishing kits — including generic, technique-class detections that catch new kits without requiring kit-specific signatures. Second, Push provides an additional layer of protection on the legitimate device code authentication pages themselves, preventing users from entering attacker-supplied codes into them. Together, these detections cover both the kit-operated phishing infrastructure and the legitimate auth pages that the attack flow depends on.",{"data":27984,"content":27985,"nodeType":866},{},[27986,27991],{"data":27987,"marks":27988,"value":27990,"nodeType":865},{},[27989],{"type":961},"For OAuth supply chain attacks,",{"data":27992,"marks":27993,"value":27994,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Push's detects and controls OAuth consent flows at the browser layer — capturing which application is requesting access, what scopes it's requesting, and whether the grant should be permitted under organizational policy. Push customers can also block OAuth connection requests as they transit the browser, enabling security teams to stop unwanted integrations being added in the first place. ",{"data":27996,"content":27997,"nodeType":866},{},[27998,28003],{"data":27999,"marks":28000,"value":28002,"nodeType":865},{},[28001],{"type":961},"For the infostealer credential playbook,",{"data":28004,"marks":28005,"value":28006,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Push's stolen credential detection identifies when employees are using credentials that have appeared in breach datasets or dark web feeds — catching the moment a dormant infostealer credential surfaces at a browser-based login, as well as surfacing insecure login methods missing mitigating controls like MFA and enforcing them through in-browser guardrails. And on the supply side, Push's ClickFix detection addresses the browser-based delivery vector that is now the primary method for distributing infostealer malware in the first place.",{"data":28008,"content":28009,"nodeType":866},{},[28010,28013,28020],{"data":28011,"marks":28012,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28014,"content":28015,"nodeType":882},{"uri":5481},[28016],{"data":28017,"marks":28018,"value":28019,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about how you can use Push controls to protect your users from in-browser threats here. ",{"data":28021,"marks":28022,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28024,"content":28025,"nodeType":1458},{},[28026],{"data":28027,"marks":28028,"value":28030,"nodeType":865},{},[28029],{"type":961},"Closing thoughts",{"data":28032,"content":28033,"nodeType":866},{},[28034],{"data":28035,"marks":28036,"value":28037,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The campaigns documented in this post are not historical — they are ongoing, with new victims surfacing weekly and the underlying criminal infrastructure still actively developing. But the defensive strategy does not require anticipating which specific group, vector, or target sector comes next, because all of them converge on the same control point: the browser, where the attack begins or the integration decision is made. Organizations with browser-layer detection and OAuth governance in place have defense-in-depth against the full range of techniques these groups employ, regardless of which specific vector any given campaign uses.",{"data":28039,"content":28040,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":28042,"content":28043,"nodeType":866},{},[28044],{"data":28045,"marks":28046,"value":5006,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28048,"content":28049,"nodeType":866},{},[28050],{"data":28051,"marks":28052,"value":1718,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28054,"content":28055,"nodeType":866},{},[28056,28059,28065],{"data":28057,"marks":28058,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28060,"content":28061,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13728},[28062],{"data":28063,"marks":28064,"value":2812,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28066,"marks":28067,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28069,"content":28070,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":28072,"content":28073,"nodeType":963},{},[28074],{"data":28075,"marks":28076,"value":28078,"nodeType":865},{},[28077],{"type":961},"Appendix: named ShinyHunters victims since May 2025",{"data":28080,"content":28081,"nodeType":866},{},[28082,28086,28093],{"data":28083,"marks":28084,"value":28085,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To give an indication of the scale, the following table documents all publicly named victims attributed to ShinyHunters specifically since the Salesforce campaign began in May 2025. It is not exhaustive: ShinyHunters has claimed over 1,000 organizations in aggregate across its Salesforce campaigns alone, and many victims have not been publicly named. This list also doesn’t include the billion-plus records compromised in the 2024 Snowflake breaches. The major ransomware attacks executed against M&S, Co-op, and Jaguar Land Rover claimed by the ",{"data":28087,"content":28088,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8759},[28089],{"data":28090,"marks":28091,"value":28092,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters \"brand\"",{"data":28094,"marks":28095,"value":28096,"nodeType":865},{},[]," also aren't listed below. ",{"data":28098,"content":28099,"nodeType":2396},{},[28100,28147,28211,28259,28307],{"data":28101,"content":28102,"nodeType":1869},{},[28103,28114,28125,28136],{"data":28104,"content":28105,"nodeType":1835},{},[28106],{"data":28107,"content":28108,"nodeType":866},{},[28109],{"data":28110,"marks":28111,"value":28113,"nodeType":865},{},[28112],{"type":961},"Campaign",{"data":28115,"content":28116,"nodeType":1835},{},[28117],{"data":28118,"content":28119,"nodeType":866},{},[28120],{"data":28121,"marks":28122,"value":28124,"nodeType":865},{},[28123],{"type":961},"Began",{"data":28126,"content":28127,"nodeType":1835},{},[28128],{"data":28129,"content":28130,"nodeType":866},{},[28131],{"data":28132,"marks":28133,"value":28135,"nodeType":865},{},[28134],{"type":961},"Named victims",{"data":28137,"content":28138,"nodeType":1835},{},[28139],{"data":28140,"content":28141,"nodeType":866},{},[28142],{"data":28143,"marks":28144,"value":28146,"nodeType":865},{},[28145],{"type":961},"Confirmed impact",{"data":28148,"content":28149,"nodeType":1869},{},[28150,28174,28184,28194],{"data":28151,"content":28152,"nodeType":1835},{},[28153],{"data":28154,"content":28155,"nodeType":866},{},[28156,28161,28165,28170],{"data":28157,"marks":28158,"value":28160,"nodeType":865},{},[28159],{"type":961},"ShinyHunters Salesforce Vishing",{"data":28162,"marks":28163,"value":28164,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (vishing + device code phishing → Salesforce connected app authorization) \n\n& ",{"data":28166,"marks":28167,"value":28169,"nodeType":865},{},[28168],{"type":961},"Salesloft/Drift Supply Chain",{"data":28171,"marks":28172,"value":28173,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (stolen OAuth tokens → downstream Salesforce access)",{"data":28175,"content":28176,"nodeType":1835},{},[28177],{"data":28178,"content":28179,"nodeType":866},{},[28180],{"data":28181,"marks":28182,"value":28183,"nodeType":865},{},[],"May 2025",{"data":28185,"content":28186,"nodeType":1835},{},[28187],{"data":28188,"content":28189,"nodeType":866},{},[28190],{"data":28191,"marks":28192,"value":28193,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Coca-Cola Europacific Partners, Cisco, Qantas, LVMH, Adidas, Google, Chanel, Pandora, Allianz Life, Air France-KLM, Farmers Insurance, Workday, TransUnion, Stellantis, Kering, Odido, Hallmark, Salesloft (origin), Toast, Avalara, Fastly, Cato Networks, Cloudflare, Palo Alto Networks, Zscaler, Tenable, Elastic, JFrog, CyberArk, Rubrik, BeyondTrust, Proofpoint, Workiva, Mercer Advisors, Beacon Pointe, Ameriprise, Kemper, Udemy, 7-Eleven, Mytheresa, Marcus & Millichap, Carnival, Pitney Bowes, Alert 360, Amtrak, McGraw-Hill, Canada Life, Charter Communications",{"data":28195,"content":28196,"nodeType":1835},{},[28197,28204],{"data":28198,"content":28199,"nodeType":866},{},[28200],{"data":28201,"marks":28202,"value":28203,"nodeType":865},{},[],"49 named victims. Confirmed individual impact includes 23M+ records (Coca-Cola), 5.7M records (Qantas), 6.2M customers (Odido), 4.4M consumers (TransUnion), up to 18M records (Stellantis), 13.5M emails (McGraw-Hill), 8.2M emails (Pitney Bowes), 7.5M emails (Carnival), 7-Eleven: 185K confirmed by HIBP (SSNs, driver's licenses; franchisee data), Charter Communications: millions of records claimed (company disputes scope). ",{"data":28205,"content":28206,"nodeType":866},{},[28207],{"data":28208,"marks":28209,"value":28210,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters claims 1.5B+ Salesforce records across 1,000+ organizations total.",{"data":28212,"content":28213,"nodeType":1869},{},[28214,28229,28239,28249],{"data":28215,"content":28216,"nodeType":1835},{},[28217],{"data":28218,"content":28219,"nodeType":866},{},[28220,28225],{"data":28221,"marks":28222,"value":28224,"nodeType":865},{},[28223],{"type":961},"Vishing + AiTM SSO",{"data":28226,"marks":28227,"value":28228,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (vishing → AiTM phishing page → SSO session capture → SaaS data exfiltration)",{"data":28230,"content":28231,"nodeType":1835},{},[28232],{"data":28233,"content":28234,"nodeType":866},{},[28235],{"data":28236,"marks":28237,"value":28238,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Aug 2025",{"data":28240,"content":28241,"nodeType":1835},{},[28242],{"data":28243,"content":28244,"nodeType":866},{},[28245],{"data":28246,"marks":28247,"value":28248,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SoundCloud, GrubHub, Panera Bread, Match Group, Crunchbase, Betterment, CarMax, Edmunds, CarGurus, Hims & Hers, University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, Optimizely, TELUS Digital, Crunchyroll, ADT",{"data":28250,"content":28251,"nodeType":1835},{},[28252],{"data":28253,"content":28254,"nodeType":866},{},[28255],{"data":28256,"marks":28257,"value":28258,"nodeType":865},{},[],"16 named victims. Confirmed individual impact includes ~30M records (SoundCloud), ~14M records (Panera), 10M+ records (Match Group), ~20M records (Betterment), 5.5M people (ADT), 1M+ records (UPenn), ~1PB stolen from TELUS Digital ($65M ransom refused).",{"data":28260,"content":28261,"nodeType":1869},{},[28262,28277,28287,28297],{"data":28263,"content":28264,"nodeType":1835},{},[28265],{"data":28266,"content":28267,"nodeType":866},{},[28268,28273],{"data":28269,"marks":28270,"value":28272,"nodeType":865},{},[28271],{"type":961},"Anodot Supply Chain",{"data":28274,"marks":28275,"value":28276,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (stolen OAuth tokens → downstream Snowflake/BigQuery access)",{"data":28278,"content":28279,"nodeType":1835},{},[28280],{"data":28281,"content":28282,"nodeType":866},{},[28283],{"data":28284,"marks":28285,"value":28286,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Apr 2026",{"data":28288,"content":28289,"nodeType":1835},{},[28290],{"data":28291,"content":28292,"nodeType":866},{},[28293],{"data":28294,"marks":28295,"value":28296,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Anodot/Glassbox (origin), Rockstar Games, Vimeo, Zara/Inditex",{"data":28298,"content":28299,"nodeType":1835},{},[28300],{"data":28301,"content":28302,"nodeType":866},{},[28303],{"data":28304,"marks":28305,"value":28306,"nodeType":865},{},[],"4 named victims (12+ total claimed). 78.6M records (Rockstar Games), 197K individuals (Zara), 119K individuals (Vimeo).",{"data":28308,"content":28309,"nodeType":1869},{},[28310,28325,28334,28344],{"data":28311,"content":28312,"nodeType":1835},{},[28313],{"data":28314,"content":28315,"nodeType":866},{},[28316,28321],{"data":28317,"marks":28318,"value":28320,"nodeType":865},{},[28319],{"type":961},"Other SLH-attributed",{"data":28322,"marks":28323,"value":28324,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (misc. vectors including infostealer chains, CI/CD supply chain, SaaS platform compromise)",{"data":28326,"content":28327,"nodeType":1835},{},[28328],{"data":28329,"content":28330,"nodeType":866},{},[28331],{"data":28332,"marks":28333,"value":28183,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28335,"content":28336,"nodeType":1835},{},[28337],{"data":28338,"content":28339,"nodeType":866},{},[28340],{"data":28341,"marks":28342,"value":28343,"nodeType":865},{},[],"UK Legal Aid Agency, Mixpanel, Wynn Resorts, Woflow, Vercel, European Commission, Mercor, Medtronic, Instructure",{"data":28345,"content":28346,"nodeType":1835},{},[28347],{"data":28348,"content":28349,"nodeType":866},{},[28350],{"data":28351,"marks":28352,"value":28353,"nodeType":865},{},[],"10 named victims across varied vectors. Notable: Vercel (Lumma Stealer → Context.ai OAuth app → Google Workspace), European Commission (poisoned Trivy GitHub Action → 340GB across 71 EU entities)",{"data":28355,"content":28356,"nodeType":866},{},[28357],{"data":28358,"marks":28359,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The three attack techniques behind ShinyHunters' 2026 campaigns ","ShinyHunters' breach of Instructure is the latest in a long series of attacks. Here's our view of the big picture. ","analyzing-the-instructure-breach",{"items":28364},[28365,28367],{"sys":28366,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":28368,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":28370},[28371],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":28372},{"url":11434},"7-things-we-learned-from-john-hammond","blog/7-things-we-learned-from-john-hammond",{"json":28376},{"data":28377,"content":28378,"nodeType":1739},{},[28379],{"data":28380,"content":28381,"nodeType":866},{},[28382],{"data":28383,"marks":28384,"value":28385,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Luke Jennings (Push VP of Research) and John Hammond (Senior Principal Security Researcher, Huntress) walked through the browser-based attack techniques defining the 2026 threat landscape.","Here are 7 things we learned from our conversation with John Hammond on the \"Why the browser is the new battleground\" webinar. ",{"id":28388,"publishedAt":28389},"6V12IJexyAkFFVIrbwlNPq","2026-08-12T12:00:57.289Z",{"items":28391},[28392,28394],{"sys":28393,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":28395,"name":297},{"id":2828},{"items":28397},[28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440],{"sys":28399,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":28401,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":28403,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":28405,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":28407,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":28409,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":28411,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":28413,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":28415,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":28417,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":28419,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":28421,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":28423,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":28425,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":28427,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":28429,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":28431,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":28433,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45},{"id":374},{"sys":28435,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":28437,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45},{"id":445},{"sys":28439,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":28441,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},"q4U5IPhRMZseIs6ceVJ_ZzUpucxUy-2TaBbYB9CbBVE",{"id":28444,"title":28445,"authorsCollection":28446,"content":28452,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":29076,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":29078,"metaTitle":29079,"ogImage":59,"postType":1783,"publishedDate":23955,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":29080,"slug":31666,"stem":31667,"subtitle":59,"summary":31668,"synopsis":31678,"sys":31679,"tagsCollection":31682,"topicsCollection":31688,"__hash__":31730},"blog/blog/the-case-for-best-of-breed-browser-security.json","Why \"good enough\" isn’t enough: the case for best-of-breed browser security",{"items":28447},[28448],{"fullName":5029,"firstName":5030,"jobTitle":3776,"socialLinks":28449,"profilePicture":28451},[28450],"https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexhenshall/",{"url":5032},{"json":28453,"links":29020},{"data":28454,"content":28455,"nodeType":1739},{},[28456,28463,28490,28497,28500,28508,28515,28522,28529,28537,28591,28598,28606,28613,28620,28628,28635,28642,28661,28692,28699,28702,28710,28718,28737,28745,28764,28772,28779,28787,28794,28802,28809,28812,28820,28827,28838,28856,28864,28871,28877,28885,28921,28927,28935,28952,28960,28979,28982,28990,28997,29004],{"data":28457,"content":28458,"nodeType":866},{},[28459],{"data":28460,"marks":28461,"value":28462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Three browser security companies have been acquired by major security platforms in five months. CrowdStrike acquired Seraphic Security in January 2026. Zscaler absorbed SquareX in February. In May, Akamai announced the acquisition of LayerX. Add Palo Alto Networks' earlier acquisition of Talon, and the browser security market has consolidated faster than almost any adjacent security category before it.",{"data":28464,"content":28465,"nodeType":866},{},[28466,28470,28477,28480,28487],{"data":28467,"marks":28468,"value":28469,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These acquisitions recognize that the browser is now where employees work, where AI runs, and where the most damaging attacks on organizations originate. It’s telling that browser security already accounts for ",{"data":28471,"content":28472,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4378},[28473],{"data":28474,"marks":28475,"value":28476,"nodeType":865},{},[],"12.6% of the average security budget",{"data":28478,"marks":28479,"value":3892,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28481,"content":28482,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4378},[28483],{"data":28484,"marks":28485,"value":28486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"85% of organizations expect to increase that spend over the next 12-24 months",{"data":28488,"marks":28489,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28491,"content":28492,"nodeType":866},{},[28493],{"data":28494,"marks":28495,"value":28496,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But for security buyers, consolidation creates a risk as much as an opportunity. The question isn't whether your existing platform vendor now offers browser security — it's whether what they're offering can actually protect you as the threat landscape evolves.",{"data":28498,"content":28499,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":28501,"content":28502,"nodeType":963},{},[28503],{"data":28504,"marks":28505,"value":28507,"nodeType":865},{},[28506],{"type":961},"Why \"good enough\" isn't good enough in the browser",{"data":28509,"content":28510,"nodeType":866},{},[28511],{"data":28512,"marks":28513,"value":28514,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The consolidation pitch is tempting. If you're already a CrowdStrike, Zscaler, or Palo Alto customer, adding browser security through an existing relationship means fewer vendors, fewer contracts, and a coherent narrative about platform consolidation that plays well internally. ",{"data":28516,"content":28517,"nodeType":866},{},[28518],{"data":28519,"marks":28520,"value":28521,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security teams make these kinds of tradeoffs all the time — accepting that your SASE vendor's threat intelligence feed may not match a dedicated provider, or that your EDR vendor's vulnerability management module may not match a dedicated scanner — are reasonable decisions where the operational benefit of consolidation outweighs the capability difference.",{"data":28523,"content":28524,"nodeType":866},{},[28525],{"data":28526,"marks":28527,"value":28528,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But browser security is a category where the stakes are too high to accept a \"good enough\" solution. The majority of all reported breaches now originate in the browser and attacker tradecraft in this space is advancing at an unprecedented rate thanks to AI. These risks warrant the strongest form of defense. Here are three reasons that “good enough” solutions don't give you that:",{"data":28530,"content":28531,"nodeType":1458},{},[28532],{"data":28533,"marks":28534,"value":28536,"nodeType":865},{},[28535],{"type":961},"1. Most platform browser solutions were built for the wrong problems",{"data":28538,"content":28539,"nodeType":866},{},[28540,28543,28552,28556,28564,28568,28576,28580,28587],{"data":28541,"marks":28542,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28544,"content":28546,"nodeType":882},{"uri":28545},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/resources/infographics/identity-security-risk-review/",[28547],{"data":28548,"marks":28549,"value":28551,"nodeType":865},{},[28550],{"type":997},"CrowdStrike's own research",{"data":28553,"marks":28554,"value":28555,"nodeType":865},{},[]," puts identity involvement in 80% of all modern breaches. Identity weaknesses played a material role in ",{"data":28557,"content":28559,"nodeType":882},{"uri":28558},"https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/research/unit-42-incident-response-report",[28560],{"data":28561,"marks":28562,"value":28563,"nodeType":865},{},[],"almost 90% of Unit 42 incident response investigations",{"data":28565,"marks":28566,"value":28567,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The breaches making headlines — 2024's ",{"data":28569,"content":28571,"nodeType":882},{"uri":28570},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro",[28572],{"data":28573,"marks":28574,"value":28575,"nodeType":865},{},[],"mass Snowflake account compromises",{"data":28577,"marks":28578,"value":28579,"nodeType":865},{},[],", 2025's wave of Salesforce-targeted attacks, and 2026's ",{"data":28581,"content":28582,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4236},[28583],{"data":28584,"marks":28585,"value":28586,"nodeType":865},{},[],"continued spree of data theft and extortion",{"data":28588,"marks":28589,"value":28590,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — all trace back to identity weaknesses exploited through the browser: credentials stuffed into login pages that lacked MFA, session tokens hijacked via AiTM phishing, OAuth consent abused to grant persistent access, and device code flows manipulated to bypass authentication entirely. ",{"data":28592,"content":28593,"nodeType":866},{},[28594],{"data":28595,"marks":28596,"value":28597,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Yet Seraphic was built for browser runtime exploit prevention, SquareX for file-based malware sandboxing, LayerX for access governance and AI usage policy. These are real use cases, but they're not the use cases behind headline breaches. If your browser security solution checks a box for \"phishing protection\" but can't detect the identity attack techniques that are actually being industrialized and deployed at scale, you have a gap — and the danger is that you don't know it's there.",{"data":28599,"content":28600,"nodeType":1458},{},[28601],{"data":28602,"marks":28603,"value":28605,"nodeType":865},{},[28604],{"type":961},"2. Even solutions claiming the right capabilities often deliver them superficially",{"data":28607,"content":28608,"nodeType":866},{},[28609],{"data":28610,"marks":28611,"value":28612,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Every browser security vendor claims phishing detection, ClickFix protection, and session security. What varies enormously is whether those capabilities work against real, live, never-before-seen attacker infrastructure — or only against known-bad indicators that attackers rotate in minutes. 95% of in-browser attacks detected by Push used bot protection to evade blocklists; 89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days. ",{"data":28614,"content":28615,"nodeType":866},{},[28616],{"data":28617,"marks":28618,"value":28619,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A solution that appears comprehensive in a demo or PoV may leave significant gaps when tested against adversaries who understand exactly how security tools work and actively engineer around them. ",{"data":28621,"content":28622,"nodeType":1458},{},[28623],{"data":28624,"marks":28625,"value":28627,"nodeType":865},{},[28626],{"type":961},"3. AI is only going to widen the gap between \"good enough\" and what you need",{"data":28629,"content":28630,"nodeType":866},{},[28631],{"data":28632,"marks":28633,"value":28634,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a browser security product is acquired, engineering effort turns inwards towards integration with the parent platform, not advancing detection capability. ",{"data":28636,"content":28637,"nodeType":866},{},[28638],{"data":28639,"marks":28640,"value":28641,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That dynamic plays out differently for each acquisition, but in Seraphic's case it is expected to be particularly heightened. Seraphic works by injecting an agent into the browser's JavaScript runtime. This is the same approach antivirus vendors have used for years, with well-documented stability consequences. Stability is now a top priority for CrowdStrike, which means the Seraphic integration will proceed cautiously. For buyers, that translates directly into slower capability advancement, not faster.",{"data":28643,"content":28644,"nodeType":866},{},[28645,28649,28657],{"data":28646,"marks":28647,"value":28648,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But this is no time for engineering efforts to turn inward, as the threat landscape continues to evolve at an unprecedented rate. You only need to look at the rise of techniques like device code phishing, which have gone from ",{"data":28650,"content":28651,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[28652],{"data":28653,"marks":28654,"value":28656,"nodeType":865},{},[28655],{"type":997},"research curiosity to industrialized exploitation",{"data":28658,"marks":28659,"value":28660,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in a matter of months — in large part enabled by AI-powered tools and AI-assisted development. Similarly, AI has compressed the time to generate a convincing phishing campaign from hours to minutes. ",{"data":28662,"content":28663,"nodeType":866},{},[28664,28668,28675,28679,28688],{"data":28665,"marks":28666,"value":28667,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But it's not only external threats: ",{"data":28669,"content":28670,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4378},[28671],{"data":28672,"marks":28673,"value":28674,"nodeType":865},{},[],"92% of organizations allow employees to use public GenAI applications",{"data":28676,"marks":28677,"value":28678,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — every one of them with unsanctioned AI use occurring by design — employees are routinely entering sensitive data into unapproved AI tools, and ",{"data":28680,"content":28682,"nodeType":882},{"uri":28681},"https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2025-08-26-gartner-predicts-40-percent-of-enterprise-apps-will-feature-task-specific-ai-agents-by-2026-up-from-less-than-5-percent-in-2025",[28683],{"data":28684,"marks":28685,"value":28687,"nodeType":865},{},[28686],{"type":997},"Gartner predicts",{"data":28689,"marks":28690,"value":28691,"nodeType":865},{},[]," 40% of enterprise applications will feature AI agents by end of 2026, up from under 5% in 2025. ",{"data":28693,"content":28694,"nodeType":866},{},[28695],{"data":28696,"marks":28697,"value":28698,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The gap between an acquired product focused on integration and vendors whose single-minded focus is on stopping these emerging threats will continue to widen over time.",{"data":28700,"content":28701,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":28703,"content":28704,"nodeType":963},{},[28705],{"data":28706,"marks":28707,"value":28709,"nodeType":865},{},[28708],{"type":961},"How to identify a genuinely best-of-breed solution",{"data":28711,"content":28712,"nodeType":1458},{},[28713],{"data":28714,"marks":28715,"value":28717,"nodeType":865},{},[28716],{"type":961},"Start from your own requirements",{"data":28719,"content":28720,"nodeType":866},{},[28721,28725,28733],{"data":28722,"marks":28723,"value":28724,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Define the outcomes you need before speaking to any vendor. The ",{"data":28726,"content":28728,"nodeType":882},{"uri":28727},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-top-10-security-problems-you-can-solve-in-the-browser-ranked-by-value/",[28729],{"data":28730,"marks":28731,"value":28732,"nodeType":865},{},[],"highest-value browser security use cases",{"data":28734,"marks":28735,"value":28736,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are account takeover prevention, advanced phishing detection, identity posture hardening, browser extension security, and shadow SaaS and OAuth governance.",{"data":28738,"content":28739,"nodeType":1458},{},[28740],{"data":28741,"marks":28742,"value":28744,"nodeType":865},{},[28743],{"type":961},"Understand how it detects, not just what it claims",{"data":28746,"content":28747,"nodeType":866},{},[28748,28752,28760],{"data":28749,"marks":28750,"value":28751,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most solutions rely on IoCs — matching known-bad domains, URLs, and IPs against feeds that attackers rotate in minutes.  There’s a major shortcoming with this approach, though: attackers rotate infrastructure faster than any blocklist updates and use bot protection to stay off threat intelligence feeds, making every attack feel ",{"data":28753,"content":28754,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10742},[28755],{"data":28756,"marks":28757,"value":28759,"nodeType":865},{},[28758],{"type":997},"like a zero-day",{"data":28761,"marks":28762,"value":28763,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The only approach that reliably works is TTP-based behavioral detection. Ask every vendor: are you detecting a known-bad indicator or a behavioral technique?",{"data":28765,"content":28766,"nodeType":1458},{},[28767],{"data":28768,"marks":28769,"value":28771,"nodeType":865},{},[28770],{"type":961},"Test against real attacker behavior",{"data":28773,"content":28774,"nodeType":866},{},[28775],{"data":28776,"marks":28777,"value":28778,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Don't evaluate phishing detection with old phishing URLs. By the time you’re running these tests their IoCs will already be on block-lists (see point above). Instead, deploy realistic testing scenarios and look for demonstrable evidence of stopping real-world phishing kits — Evilginx, Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, and so on. ",{"data":28780,"content":28781,"nodeType":1458},{},[28782],{"data":28783,"marks":28784,"value":28786,"nodeType":865},{},[28785],{"type":961},"Assess innovation velocity",{"data":28788,"content":28789,"nodeType":866},{},[28790],{"data":28791,"marks":28792,"value":28793,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ask every vendor about their research output and feature release history over the past six months — are they discovering and publishing novel attack techniques, or covering what others already documented? Are new detections shipping continuously, or in quarterly cycles? For acquired products specifically, also ask how the roadmap has changed since acquisition. ",{"data":28795,"content":28796,"nodeType":1458},{},[28797],{"data":28798,"marks":28799,"value":28801,"nodeType":865},{},[28800],{"type":961},"Consider operationalization, vendor focus, and lock-in",{"data":28803,"content":28804,"nodeType":866},{},[28805],{"data":28806,"marks":28807,"value":28808,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Many solutions demo well but create significant overhead at scale. Consider whether you want another agent on endpoints, and whether you have the resources to tune granular policies without drowning in false positives. Your requirements might not carry the same weight with a platform vendor with tens of thousands of customers across multiple product lines, versus a dedicated vendor whose entire roadmap exists to solve your problem. And factor in lock-in: every capability consolidated into an existing platform vendor reduces your ability to change direction later.",{"data":28810,"content":28811,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":28813,"content":28814,"nodeType":963},{},[28815],{"data":28816,"marks":28817,"value":28819,"nodeType":865},{},[28818],{"type":961},"Why Push is the best-of-breed browser security solution",{"data":28821,"content":28822,"nodeType":866},{},[28823],{"data":28824,"marks":28825,"value":28826,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Think of Push as EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. Here’s why customers choose Push as a best-of-breed solution:",{"data":28828,"content":28829,"nodeType":1458},{},[28830,28835],{"data":28831,"marks":28832,"value":28834,"nodeType":865},{},[28833],{"type":961},"Push is built for the security problems that actually cause breaches",{"data":28836,"marks":28837,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28839,"content":28840,"nodeType":866},{},[28841,28845,28852],{"data":28842,"marks":28843,"value":28844,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The highest-value browser security problems — account takeover prevention, advanced phishing detection, identity posture hardening, browser extension security, shadow SaaS and OAuth governance — all require visibility inside the browser session. Push was built from the ground up for exactly that. The same foundational capability that detects AiTM phishing and ClickFix attacks also surfaces the exposure most security teams don't know they have: ",{"data":28846,"content":28847,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10328},[28848],{"data":28849,"marks":28850,"value":28851,"nodeType":865},{},[],"across Push's customer base",{"data":28853,"marks":28854,"value":28855,"nodeType":865},{},[],", 1 in 4 logins use passwords rather than SSO, 2 in 5 are unprotected by MFA, and 46.76% of browser extensions carry permissions sufficient to perform account takeover — none of it visible from the endpoint, network, or email layer.",{"data":28857,"content":28858,"nodeType":1458},{},[28859],{"data":28860,"marks":28861,"value":28863,"nodeType":865},{},[28862],{"type":961},"Push detects high-fidelity attacker TTPs, not low-level IoCs",{"data":28865,"content":28866,"nodeType":866},{},[28867],{"data":28868,"marks":28869,"value":28870,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's browser extension operates as a flight recorder inside the session, capturing every page load, credential submission, OAuth consent flow, and user action in real time. That telemetry surfaces attacker behavior — the page structure and script signatures of AiTM kits, the clipboard mechanics of ClickFix, the OAuth flow characteristics of ConsentFix — rather than infrastructure indicators that attackers rotate in minutes. This is how Push intercepts “zero-day” phishing using fresh infrastructure and domains every time, while most solutions are stuck playing known-bad whac-a-mole. ",{"data":28872,"content":28876,"nodeType":925},{"target":28873},{"sys":28874},{"id":28875,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4ho5gOHl1loo9Jtv9nPoq1",[],{"data":28878,"content":28879,"nodeType":1458},{},[28880],{"data":28881,"marks":28882,"value":28884,"nodeType":865},{},[28883],{"type":961},"Push’s research and agentic threat hunting keeps you ahead of attacker innovation",{"data":28886,"content":28887,"nodeType":866},{},[28888,28892,28898,28901,28907,28911,28917],{"data":28889,"marks":28890,"value":28891,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push named ",{"data":28893,"content":28894,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11102},[28895],{"data":28896,"marks":28897,"value":11095,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28899,"marks":28900,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28902,"content":28903,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11342},[28904],{"data":28905,"marks":28906,"value":16352,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28908,"marks":28909,"value":28910,"nodeType":865},{},[]," before any other vendor detected either in production. That research feeds an ",{"data":28912,"content":28913,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3643},[28914],{"data":28915,"marks":28916,"value":3649,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28918,"marks":28919,"value":28920,"nodeType":865},{},[]," built on two learning loops — an inner loop for real-time detection of known techniques, and an outer loop where autonomous agents continuously hunt across 3 million deployed browsers for emerging threats, writing new detections and deploying them to customer environments in minutes. ",{"data":28922,"content":28926,"nodeType":925},{"target":28923},{"sys":28924},{"id":28925,"type":922,"linkType":923},"17y3jchoPysKQTf2ra59Bv",[],{"data":28928,"content":28929,"nodeType":1458},{},[28930],{"data":28931,"marks":28932,"value":28934,"nodeType":865},{},[28933],{"type":961},"Push solves more use cases than just stopping advanced attacks",{"data":28936,"content":28937,"nodeType":866},{},[28938,28942,28949],{"data":28939,"marks":28940,"value":28941,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push uses the same browser-layer visibility to surface every AI tool, agentic browser, extension, and OAuth integration in use across the organization — and enforce policy on what employees can do inside them in real time, including unsanctioned tools no other layer sees. The same technical capabilities provided by Push also harden the identity attack surface, prevent data loss, accelerate insider investigations, and let security teams write custom detections and policies for organization-specific risks. One extension, one deployment, ",{"data":28943,"content":28944,"nodeType":882},{"uri":28727},[28945],{"data":28946,"marks":28947,"value":28948,"nodeType":865},{},[],"multiple high-value use cases",{"data":28950,"marks":28951,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":28953,"content":28954,"nodeType":1458},{},[28955],{"data":28956,"marks":28957,"value":28959,"nodeType":865},{},[28958],{"type":961},"Push is built to be operationalized at scale, not just demoed",{"data":28961,"content":28962,"nodeType":866},{},[28963,28967,28975],{"data":28964,"marks":28965,"value":28966,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push deploys to ",{"data":28968,"content":28970,"nodeType":882},{"uri":28969},"https://pushsecurity.com/customer-stories",[28971],{"data":28972,"marks":28973,"value":28974,"nodeType":865},{},[],"100,000 users in under one hour on a normal workday",{"data":28976,"marks":28977,"value":28978,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — no migration overhead or performance impact. The false positive rate is negligible, meaning no alert noise and no policy tuning overhead. And because Push is independent, it integrates into open ecosystems — feeding browser-layer telemetry into your SIEM, XDR, SOAR, and identity tools alongside the rest of your stack, without adding to your platform lock-in.",{"data":28980,"content":28981,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":28983,"content":28984,"nodeType":963},{},[28985],{"data":28986,"marks":28987,"value":28989,"nodeType":865},{},[28988],{"type":961},"Final thoughts",{"data":28991,"content":28992,"nodeType":866},{},[28993],{"data":28994,"marks":28995,"value":28996,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Three acquisitions in five months is a strong market signal, but a strong market signal about vendor interest in a category is not the same thing as a strong signal about capability. The attacker techniques and tooling behind breaches in 2026 are evolving faster than any acquired product with split engineering priorities can reasonably track. ",{"data":28998,"content":28999,"nodeType":866},{},[29000],{"data":29001,"marks":29002,"value":29003,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security buyers who accept a bundled browser solution because it is included in an existing contract are making a procurement decision, not a security decision. The threats in the browser are serious and sophisticated enough to justify the investment in a tool built to stop them. If you agree, Push is worth a serious look.",{"data":29005,"content":29006,"nodeType":866},{},[29007,29010,29017],{"data":29008,"marks":29009,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":29011,"content":29012,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[29013],{"data":29014,"marks":29015,"value":2812,"nodeType":865},{},[29016],{"type":997},{"data":29018,"marks":29019,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":29021},{"hyperlink":29022,"inline":29023,"block":29024},[],[],[29025,29043],{"sys":29026,"__typename":9270,"content":29027,"name":29042,"title":59},{"id":28875},{"json":29028},{"nodeType":1739,"data":29029,"content":29030},{},[29031],{"nodeType":866,"data":29032,"content":29033},{},[29034,29039],{"nodeType":865,"value":29035,"marks":29036,"data":29038},"In a 30-day POV at a ~4,500-employee financial services organization with a mature existing stack, Push detected 6 ClickFix attacks and 10 AiTM phishing attempts that were invisible to every other tool in place",[29037],{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":1048,"marks":29040,"data":29041},[],{},"Best of breed blog IB1",{"sys":29044,"__typename":9270,"content":29045,"name":29075,"title":59},{"id":28925},{"json":29046},{"nodeType":1739,"data":29047,"content":29048},{},[29049],{"nodeType":866,"data":29050,"content":29051},{},[29052,29056,29062,29066,29071],{"nodeType":865,"value":29053,"marks":29054,"data":29055},"Our ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":29057,"content":29058},{"uri":3643},[29059],{"nodeType":865,"value":9005,"marks":29060,"data":29061},[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":29063,"marks":29064,"data":29065}," has ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":29067,"marks":29068,"data":29070},"tripled the new detections shipped per month",[29069],{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":29072,"marks":29073,"data":29074}," — and as a dedicated browser security vendor, that's where every research dollar goes. When attackers are harnessing AI to develop tooling, deploy and tear-down infrastructure, and operate campaigns at scale, this capability is essential to stay ahead of the increased volume and variation in threats that users are encountering in the browser. ",[],{},"Best of breed blog IB2",{"items":29077},[],{},"The case for best-of-breed browser security",{"items":29081},[29082,29864,30585],{"__typename":1788,"sys":29083,"content":29085,"title":29850,"synopsis":29851,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":29852,"slug":29853,"tagsCollection":29854,"authorsCollection":29860},{"id":29084},"2V130uMePtxAaefYQAKInb",{"json":29086},{"data":29087,"content":29088,"nodeType":1739},{},[29089,29095,29102,29109,29116,29119,29127,29134,29146,29158,29163,29170,29173,29181,29188,29194,29201,29208,29315,29322,29325,29333,29340,29403,29419,29425,29432,29435,29443,29450,29458,29465,29472,29503,29510,29518,29525,29532,29539,29547,29554,29561,29568,29571,29579,29591,29598,29605,29613,29620,29627,29635,29642,29705,29721,29739,29747,29754,29762,29769,29776,29783,29789,29797,29804,29811,29817,29824,29831,29838,29844],{"data":29090,"content":29094,"nodeType":925},{"target":29091},{"sys":29092},{"id":29093,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5CPZ96xixlhgh6oqQ2rfmO",[],{"data":29096,"content":29097,"nodeType":866},{},[29098],{"data":29099,"marks":29100,"value":29101,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a security team evaluates browser security solutions, they're usually asking the right question: “How do we protect our users as they work in the browser?”",{"data":29103,"content":29104,"nodeType":866},{},[29105],{"data":29106,"marks":29107,"value":29108,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the answer they get from many vendors is shaped by a fundamentally different threat model — one that treats the browser as a piece of software to be hardened against exploitation, rather than as the arena where your users’ identities get stolen.",{"data":29110,"content":29111,"nodeType":866},{},[29112],{"data":29113,"marks":29114,"value":29115,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This distinction has enormous consequences for your security posture and the return you can expect from your investment in a new solution.",{"data":29117,"content":29118,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":29120,"content":29121,"nodeType":963},{},[29122],{"data":29123,"marks":29124,"value":29126,"nodeType":865},{},[29125],{"type":961},"Two different problems, dressed the same",{"data":29128,"content":29129,"nodeType":866},{},[29130],{"data":29131,"marks":29132,"value":29133,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When it comes to protecting users as they work in the browser, security tools typically fall into one of two camps:",{"data":29135,"content":29136,"nodeType":866},{},[29137,29142],{"data":29138,"marks":29139,"value":29141,"nodeType":865},{},[29140],{"type":961},"The first camp:",{"data":29143,"marks":29144,"value":29145,"nodeType":865},{},[]," represented by solutions like Seraphic (now CrowdStrike) — is built around the threat of attacking the browser itself. The architecture is designed to scramble the browser’s JavaScript runtime and prevent exploits from detonating and breaking out of the browser sandbox. This is browser hardening: defending the browser as software against exploitation by attackers who want to compromise the underlying device.",{"data":29147,"content":29148,"nodeType":866},{},[29149,29154],{"data":29150,"marks":29151,"value":29153,"nodeType":865},{},[29152],{"type":961},"The second camp:",{"data":29155,"marks":29156,"value":29157,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and the one Push Security occupies uniquely, focuses on what happens inside the browser when a user is working normally. Phishing pages harvesting credentials. Session tokens being stolen. Malicious OAuth applications being granted access through social engineering. Adversary-in-the-middle proxies intercepting authentication flows. These attacks don't exploit the browser. They exploit the human — and now agents — using it via the browser's legitimate capabilities (think of it as LOTL, browser edition).",{"data":29159,"content":29162,"nodeType":925},{"target":29160},{"sys":29161},{"id":16221,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":29164,"content":29165,"nodeType":866},{},[29166],{"data":29167,"marks":29168,"value":29169,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The question for any security team evaluating this space: which of these threat models presents the greatest risks to my organization?",{"data":29171,"content":29172,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":29174,"content":29175,"nodeType":963},{},[29176],{"data":29177,"marks":29178,"value":29180,"nodeType":865},{},[29179],{"type":961},"How organizations are actually being breached",{"data":29182,"content":29183,"nodeType":866},{},[29184],{"data":29185,"marks":29186,"value":29187,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let's look at the major breach campaigns of the last three years without the marketing filter and a pattern emerges immediately. Scattered Spider and its successors breached MGM Resorts, Caesars, M&S, JLR, and Salesforce customers — not through browser exploits, but through social engineering, phishing and Adversary-in-the-Middle attacks that stole session tokens and SSO credentials. ",{"data":29189,"content":29193,"nodeType":925},{"target":29190},{"sys":29191},{"id":29192,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2qIMTiyyIsQFAyGJ9Ikyej",[],{"data":29195,"content":29196,"nodeType":866},{},[29197],{"data":29198,"marks":29199,"value":29200,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In every case, the attack happened in the browser — using stolen identities to log into legitimate cloud services — not on the browser through exploitation of the browser engine itself.",{"data":29202,"content":29203,"nodeType":866},{},[29204],{"data":29205,"marks":29206,"value":29207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The data from major threat intelligence sources is unambiguous:",{"data":29209,"content":29210,"nodeType":1049},{},[29211,29229,29248,29267,29286,29300],{"data":29212,"content":29213,"nodeType":1003},{},[29214],{"data":29215,"content":29216,"nodeType":866},{},[29217,29221,29225],{"data":29218,"marks":29219,"value":29220,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity weaknesses played a material role in ",{"data":29222,"marks":29223,"value":28563,"nodeType":865},{},[29224],{"type":961},{"data":29226,"marks":29227,"value":29228,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 IR Report)",{"data":29230,"content":29231,"nodeType":1003},{},[29232],{"data":29233,"content":29234,"nodeType":866},{},[29235,29239,29244],{"data":29236,"marks":29237,"value":29238,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credential abuse and phishing combined accounted for ",{"data":29240,"marks":29241,"value":29243,"nodeType":865},{},[29242],{"type":961},"38% of all breaches",{"data":29245,"marks":29246,"value":29247,"nodeType":865},{},[],", making identity the single largest breach vector (Verizon DBIR 2025)",{"data":29249,"content":29250,"nodeType":1003},{},[29251],{"data":29252,"content":29253,"nodeType":866},{},[29254,29258,29263],{"data":29255,"marks":29256,"value":29257,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cloud-conscious intrusions — attackers using stolen identities to access cloud services — rose ",{"data":29259,"marks":29260,"value":29262,"nodeType":865},{},[29261],{"type":961},"37% in 2025",{"data":29264,"marks":29265,"value":29266,"nodeType":865},{},[],", up 266% among state-nexus actors (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report)",{"data":29268,"content":29269,"nodeType":1003},{},[29270],{"data":29271,"content":29272,"nodeType":866},{},[29273,29277,29282],{"data":29274,"marks":29275,"value":29276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In cloud-related incidents, identity issues drove initial access in ",{"data":29278,"marks":29279,"value":29281,"nodeType":865},{},[29280],{"type":961},"83% of cases",{"data":29283,"marks":29284,"value":29285,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (Mandiant / Google Cloud Threat Horizons H1 2026)",{"data":29287,"content":29288,"nodeType":1003},{},[29289],{"data":29290,"content":29291,"nodeType":866},{},[29292,29296],{"data":29293,"marks":29294,"value":8525,"nodeType":865},{},[29295],{"type":961},{"data":29297,"marks":29298,"value":29299,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — they don't touch the endpoint and abuse legitimate access and functionality (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report)",{"data":29301,"content":29302,"nodeType":1003},{},[29303],{"data":29304,"content":29305,"nodeType":866},{},[29306,29311],{"data":29307,"marks":29308,"value":29310,"nodeType":865},{},[29309],{"type":961},"49% of organizations",{"data":29312,"marks":29313,"value":29314,"nodeType":865},{},[]," suffered a successful browser-based attack in the last 12 months (Omdia 2026)",{"data":29316,"content":29317,"nodeType":866},{},[29318],{"data":29319,"marks":29320,"value":29321,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These aren't edge cases. This is now the primary attack playbook.",{"data":29323,"content":29324,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":29326,"content":29327,"nodeType":1458},{},[29328],{"data":29329,"marks":29330,"value":29332,"nodeType":865},{},[29331],{"type":961},"The economics of attack choice",{"data":29334,"content":29335,"nodeType":866},{},[29336],{"data":29337,"marks":29338,"value":29339,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are rational actors. They pick the cheapest, most reliable path to their objective. The economics of browser exploitation versus identity theft tell the whole story:",{"data":29341,"content":29342,"nodeType":1049},{},[29343,29358,29373,29388],{"data":29344,"content":29345,"nodeType":1003},{},[29346],{"data":29347,"content":29348,"nodeType":866},{},[29349,29353],{"data":29350,"marks":29351,"value":29352,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Chrome sandbox RCE exploit (bug bounty value): ",{"data":29354,"marks":29355,"value":29357,"nodeType":865},{},[29356],{"type":961},"$250,000",{"data":29359,"content":29360,"nodeType":1003},{},[29361],{"data":29362,"content":29363,"nodeType":866},{},[29364,29368],{"data":29365,"marks":29366,"value":29367,"nodeType":865},{},[],"IAB-provided IdP admin account: ",{"data":29369,"marks":29370,"value":29372,"nodeType":865},{},[29371],{"type":961},"~$3,000",{"data":29374,"content":29375,"nodeType":1003},{},[29376],{"data":29377,"content":29378,"nodeType":866},{},[29379,29383],{"data":29380,"marks":29381,"value":29382,"nodeType":865},{},[],"1-year phishing kit rental (PhaaS): ",{"data":29384,"marks":29385,"value":29387,"nodeType":865},{},[29386],{"type":961},"~$1,000",{"data":29389,"content":29390,"nodeType":1003},{},[29391],{"data":29392,"content":29393,"nodeType":866},{},[29394,29398],{"data":29395,"marks":29396,"value":29397,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Bulk stolen credential list: ",{"data":29399,"marks":29400,"value":29402,"nodeType":865},{},[29401],{"type":961},"~$15",{"data":29404,"content":29405,"nodeType":866},{},[29406,29410,29415],{"data":29407,"marks":29408,"value":29409,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser zero-days accounted for just ",{"data":29411,"marks":29412,"value":29414,"nodeType":865},{},[29413],{"type":961},"9% of all zero-days reported to Google in 2025",{"data":29416,"marks":29417,"value":29418,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — described by Google's own researchers as a \"historic low.\" Chrome's sandbox architecture, site isolation, and hardware-backed security features are the result of years of sustained hardening investment. When a browser vulnerability is discovered, Google typically deploys a patch within days.",{"data":29420,"content":29424,"nodeType":925},{"target":29421},{"sys":29422},{"id":29423,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5XWKHTT5J06yWcgZIOL95t",[],{"data":29426,"content":29427,"nodeType":866},{},[29428],{"data":29429,"marks":29430,"value":29431,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The bottom line: browser exploits are extraordinarily expensive to develop, increasingly difficult to execute reliably against a hardened modern browser, and patched rapidly when discovered. In sharp contrast, identity attacks are cheap to run, highly scalable, and have a low technical barrier to adoption — that’s why they’re responsible for the overwhelming majority of enterprise breaches. Attackers have voted with their resources.",{"data":29433,"content":29434,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":29436,"content":29437,"nodeType":963},{},[29438],{"data":29439,"marks":29440,"value":29442,"nodeType":865},{},[29441],{"type":961},"What you're actually buying with each vendor",{"data":29444,"content":29445,"nodeType":866},{},[29446],{"data":29447,"marks":29448,"value":29449,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Understanding the core architectural choice each vendor has made helps decode what their solution can and cannot protect you from.",{"data":29451,"content":29452,"nodeType":1458},{},[29453],{"data":29454,"marks":29455,"value":29457,"nodeType":865},{},[29456],{"type":961},"Seraphic (CrowdStrike)",{"data":29459,"content":29460,"nodeType":866},{},[29461],{"data":29462,"marks":29463,"value":29464,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Seraphic's architecture is built to inject into the browser's JavaScript runtime at the OS layer, scrambling browser internals to prevent exploits from executing. This is a technically sophisticated approach to a technically interesting problem that is, by every threat intelligence measure, not the problem causing enterprise breaches at scale.",{"data":29466,"content":29467,"nodeType":866},{},[29468],{"data":29469,"marks":29470,"value":29471,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Beyond the threat model mismatch, there are structural concerns with the approach itself. Injecting an agent into the browser's JS runtime is a technique with well-documented stability consequences. This is the same approach antivirus vendors have used for years, often at the cost of system stability. Seraphic now runs alongside the CrowdStrike Falcon sensor on managed devices, combining two heavyweight agents on the same machine. For any organization with CrowdStrike already deployed, the question isn't theoretical: how has that combination been validated in production environments?",{"data":29473,"content":29474,"nodeType":866},{},[29475,29479,29486,29490,29499],{"data":29476,"marks":29477,"value":29478,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There's also the managed-device limitation. Seraphic requires a kernel-level agent, which means it loses meaningful capability on unmanaged devices, BYOD machines, and contractor endpoints. This is not a niche concern: according to ",{"data":29480,"content":29481,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4378},[29482],{"data":29483,"marks":29484,"value":29485,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Omdia's 2026 browser security survey",{"data":29487,"marks":29488,"value":29489,"nodeType":865},{},[],", 32% of users access corporate applications from unmanaged devices at least occasionally. Agent-based solutions are blind to nearly a third of your actual attack surface by design. The Okta breach began on a support engineer's personal device, where ",{"data":29491,"content":29493,"nodeType":882},{"uri":29492},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-sync-attacks-where-personal-account-hacks-lead-to-corporate-breaches/",[29494],{"data":29495,"marks":29496,"value":29498,"nodeType":865},{},[29497],{"type":997},"corporate credentials had synced",{"data":29500,"marks":29501,"value":29502,"nodeType":865},{},[]," via Chrome's built-in profile sync. No agent, no visibility.",{"data":29504,"content":29505,"nodeType":866},{},[29506],{"data":29507,"marks":29508,"value":29509,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Teams evaluating Seraphic today are also buying into an integration roadmap, not a shipped capability. The acquisition by CrowdStrike closed in early 2026. The work of wiring browser telemetry into Falcon Fusion and correlating it with endpoint signals is currently a promise, not a production feature.",{"data":29511,"content":29512,"nodeType":1458},{},[29513],{"data":29514,"marks":29515,"value":29517,"nodeType":865},{},[29516],{"type":961},"SquareX (Zscaler)",{"data":29519,"content":29520,"nodeType":866},{},[29521],{"data":29522,"marks":29523,"value":29524,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SquareX's core capability is sandboxing suspicious file downloads inside disposable browser containers before they reach the endpoint. This is a legitimate approach to a real but declining problem. 82% of attack detections are now malware-free (CrowdStrike 2026 Global Threat Report) — attacks don't arrive as files to be sandboxed, they arrive as authenticated sessions. And the delivery channel shift makes the picture even starker: across Push's customer base, 1 in 3 phishing payloads are now delivered outside of email entirely — via social media, ads, and messaging platforms — and 4 in 5 ClickFix payloads arrive through search engines, not email. The threat that SquareX was architecturally designed to address is a shrinking share of the actual attack surface, and it's shrinking fast.",{"data":29526,"content":29527,"nodeType":866},{},[29528],{"data":29529,"marks":29530,"value":29531,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Zscaler already has sandboxing built into ZIA. For an existing Zscaler customer evaluating SquareX, the honest question is: what does this add beyond some extension analysis capability and what you already have? The AiTM phishing campaign that stole your user's credentials and accessed your cloud applications generates no malicious file, triggers no sandbox, and produces no network signal for Zscaler's traffic inspection to catch — because it happened entirely inside a browser session using legitimate authentication flows.",{"data":29533,"content":29534,"nodeType":866},{},[29535],{"data":29536,"marks":29537,"value":29538,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The acquisition also raises product focus questions. Being absorbed into a network-centric platform means SquareX is now optimized for Zscaler's priorities, not for standalone browser detection and response. Teams that care about investigation, threat hunting, and incident response should ask specifically what SquareX adds in those workflows under Zscaler ownership.",{"data":29540,"content":29541,"nodeType":1458},{},[29542],{"data":29543,"marks":29544,"value":29546,"nodeType":865},{},[29545],{"type":961},"LayerX",{"data":29548,"content":29549,"nodeType":866},{},[29550],{"data":29551,"marks":29552,"value":29553,"nodeType":865},{},[],"LayerX is primarily a policy enforcement and risk scoring platform focused on internal governance — controlling which applications employees access, what data moves through the browser, and whether behavior complies with internal rules.",{"data":29555,"content":29556,"nodeType":866},{},[29557],{"data":29558,"marks":29559,"value":29560,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security covers that ground too. Push provides full visibility over AI tool usage, shadow SaaS, unmanaged identities, and data loss vectors — including sensitive data submitted through AI prompts, file uploads to personal cloud destinations, and OAuth grants to third-party applications. The same browser telemetry that detects external attacks also surfaces insider risks and powers DLP controls and compliance audit evidence, all from a single extension.",{"data":29562,"content":29563,"nodeType":866},{},[29564],{"data":29565,"marks":29566,"value":29567,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The critical difference is that Push goes significantly further. Where LayerX scores risk and enforces policy, Push detects active external attack techniques in real time: AiTM phishing kits as they execute, session tokens being stolen, ClickFix lures through behavioral analysis of page structure. These are the attacks causing the most damaging breaches today, and they don't surface on a risk score until after the damage is done. Push addresses both the governance problem and the external threat problem from the same platform. LayerX addresses only the first.",{"data":29569,"content":29570,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":29572,"content":29573,"nodeType":963},{},[29574],{"data":29575,"marks":29576,"value":29578,"nodeType":865},{},[29577],{"type":961},"Securing the organization via the browser: Push Security",{"data":29580,"content":29581,"nodeType":866},{},[29582,29587],{"data":29583,"marks":29584,"value":29586,"nodeType":865},{},[29585],{"type":961},"Push Security is built on a different architectural premise:",{"data":29588,"marks":29589,"value":29590,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the browser is not primarily a piece of software to harden against exploitation. It is the primary workplace, the primary SaaS access point, and the arena where the majority of modern identity attacks play out. The goal is to secure the organization via the browser — not just to secure the browser itself.",{"data":29592,"content":29593,"nodeType":866},{},[29594],{"data":29595,"marks":29596,"value":29597,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means Push's detection surface is built around the attacks that are actually causing breaches: adversary-in-the-middle phishing, ClickFix and its many variants, credential stuffing against shadow identities, session token theft and replay, OAuth consent abuse, and the full spectrum of identity-based initial access techniques that dominate the modern threat landscape.",{"data":29599,"content":29600,"nodeType":866},{},[29601],{"data":29602,"marks":29603,"value":29604,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The deployment model reflects the threat model. Push deploys as a lightweight browser extension — no kernel-level agent, no device dependency, no migration to a new browser. It works on managed and unmanaged devices, across every traditional, enterprise and AI browser where employees are doing work and attackers are targeting them. The operational overhead is minimal by design: Push has been deployed to 100,000 users in under one hour during normal business hours.",{"data":29606,"content":29607,"nodeType":1458},{},[29608],{"data":29609,"marks":29610,"value":29612,"nodeType":865},{},[29611],{"type":961},"Detection philosophy: targeting what attackers can't change",{"data":29614,"content":29615,"nodeType":866},{},[29616],{"data":29617,"marks":29618,"value":29619,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's detection approach targets attacker TTPs rather than indicators of compromise that attackers can rotate in minutes. 95% of attacks detected by Push used some form of bot protection service — meaning the specific domain and IP were deliberately obscured. If your primary detection relies on blocklists, recent reports tell us that 89% of phishing domains will evade you: because they're active for less than two days, they can be spun up, down, and replaced faster than blocklists can keep up.",{"data":29621,"content":29622,"nodeType":866},{},[29623],{"data":29624,"marks":29625,"value":29626,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Behavioral detection of the attack technique — the AiTM relay structure, the credential entry on a cloned login page, the anomalous session context — remains valid regardless of what domain the attack is hosted on or which PhaaS kit was used to build it.",{"data":29628,"content":29629,"nodeType":1458},{},[29630],{"data":29631,"marks":29632,"value":29634,"nodeType":865},{},[29633],{"type":961},"Measuring the identity attack surface (it's bigger than you realize)",{"data":29636,"content":29637,"nodeType":866},{},[29638],{"data":29639,"marks":29640,"value":29641,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because Push has visibility into actual login behavior across thousands of organizations, it can quantify the attack surface that identity-based attacks exploit. Of the last million logins observed by Push:",{"data":29643,"content":29644,"nodeType":1049},{},[29645,29660,29675,29690],{"data":29646,"content":29647,"nodeType":1003},{},[29648],{"data":29649,"content":29650,"nodeType":866},{},[29651,29656],{"data":29652,"marks":29653,"value":29655,"nodeType":865},{},[29654],{"type":961},"15 corporate identities were identified per employee",{"data":29657,"marks":29658,"value":29659,"nodeType":865},{},[]," used to access cloud apps",{"data":29661,"content":29662,"nodeType":1003},{},[29663],{"data":29664,"content":29665,"nodeType":866},{},[29666,29671],{"data":29667,"marks":29668,"value":29670,"nodeType":865},{},[29669],{"type":961},"1 in 4",{"data":29672,"marks":29673,"value":29674,"nodeType":865},{},[]," were password logins, not SSO",{"data":29676,"content":29677,"nodeType":1003},{},[29678],{"data":29679,"content":29680,"nodeType":866},{},[29681,29686],{"data":29682,"marks":29683,"value":29685,"nodeType":865},{},[29684],{"type":961},"2 in 5",{"data":29687,"marks":29688,"value":29689,"nodeType":865},{},[]," were not protected by MFA",{"data":29691,"content":29692,"nodeType":1003},{},[29693],{"data":29694,"content":29695,"nodeType":866},{},[29696,29701],{"data":29697,"marks":29698,"value":29700,"nodeType":865},{},[29699],{"type":961},"1 in 5",{"data":29702,"marks":29703,"value":29704,"nodeType":865},{},[]," used a weak, breached, or reused password",{"data":29706,"content":29707,"nodeType":866},{},[29708,29712,29717],{"data":29709,"marks":29710,"value":29711,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And it's not just login hygiene. Across Push's customer base, ",{"data":29713,"marks":29714,"value":29716,"nodeType":865},{},[29715],{"type":961},"46%+ of browser extensions in corporate environments have the permission combinations required for direct account takeover via session theft if they are malicious or compromised by an attacker",{"data":29718,"marks":29719,"value":29720,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Most organizations have no inventory of what's running in their employees' browsers, let alone visibility into what those extensions can access.",{"data":29722,"content":29723,"nodeType":866},{},[29724,29728,29735],{"data":29725,"marks":29726,"value":29727,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These aren't theoretical vulnerabilities. They're the specific weaknesses that browser-native identity attacks are designed to exploit. ",{"data":29729,"content":29730,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1335},[29731],{"data":29732,"marks":29733,"value":29734,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This visibility turns browser security from a reactive posture into a proactive one",{"data":29736,"marks":29737,"value":29738,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — you can see and remediate the identity weaknesses before an attacker exploits them, not just detect the attack while it's in progress.",{"data":29740,"content":29741,"nodeType":1458},{},[29742],{"data":29743,"marks":29744,"value":29746,"nodeType":865},{},[29745],{"type":961},"The ROI case",{"data":29748,"content":29749,"nodeType":866},{},[29750],{"data":29751,"marks":29752,"value":29753,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The ROI question for any security investment is: what quantum of real risk does this tool address, at what cost in money and operational friction?",{"data":29755,"content":29756,"nodeType":866},{},[29757],{"data":29758,"marks":29759,"value":29761,"nodeType":865},{},[29760],{"type":961},"That calculation looks very different depending on your threat model.",{"data":29763,"content":29764,"nodeType":866},{},[29765],{"data":29766,"marks":29767,"value":29768,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A solution focused on browser engine exploits and sandbox escapes is defending against an attack category that represents a tiny fraction of actual enterprise breaches, requires extraordinary attacker resources to execute, and is increasingly mitigated by browser vendors themselves through hardening and rapid patching. Chrome's automatic update cycle means that even when a browser vulnerability is discovered and disclosed, it is typically in front of users as a patch within days. The defenders here are Google, Mozilla, and Microsoft — with multi-billion dollar security teams and full access to the browser internals.",{"data":29770,"content":29771,"nodeType":866},{},[29772],{"data":29773,"marks":29774,"value":29775,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A solution focused on identity attacks via the browser — phishing, credential theft, session hijacking, OAuth abuse, malicious browser extensions — is defending against the primary cause of enterprise breaches, one that is accelerating (cloud-conscious intrusions up 37% in 2025, browser-based attacks increasing at 68% of organizations over the past two years per Omdia) and increasingly automated through PhaaS infrastructure that gives low-skill attackers enterprise-grade capability for $1,000 a year.",{"data":29777,"content":29778,"nodeType":866},{},[29779],{"data":29780,"marks":29781,"value":29782,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There's also a forward-looking dimension. The threat landscape isn't moving toward more browser exploitation. It's moving further into identity abuse. AI-powered phishing lowers the social engineering barrier. Agentic browsers will automate credential stuffing and account takeover at a scale that wasn't previously possible. And attackers are already adapting to authentication improvements: device code phishing has increased 37x since the start of 2026, a technique specifically designed to circumvent passkeys by bypassing the authentication flow entirely — the attacker never encounters a login page. The investment in identity-centric browser detection compounds over time as the attack surface evolves in the same direction.",{"data":29784,"content":29788,"nodeType":925},{"target":29785},{"sys":29786},{"id":29787,"type":922,"linkType":923},"cQ6WPV2NMYvDMZXifqzK1",[],{"data":29790,"content":29791,"nodeType":1458},{},[29792],{"data":29793,"marks":29794,"value":29796,"nodeType":865},{},[29795],{"type":961},"The verdict",{"data":29798,"content":29799,"nodeType":866},{},[29800],{"data":29801,"marks":29802,"value":29803,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser security is a real and growing priority — according to Omdia Research, it is now a top-five priority for 88% of security leaders and the top priority for 26% of them. 85% expect their browser security spending to increase over the next 12–24 months. The question isn't whether to invest. It's what to invest in.",{"data":29805,"content":29806,"nodeType":866},{},[29807],{"data":29808,"marks":29809,"value":29810,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is where your users work, where attackers target them, and where the identity attacks causing the majority of enterprise breaches play out. But not all browser security investments address the same problem.",{"data":29812,"content":29816,"nodeType":925},{"target":29813},{"sys":29814},{"id":29815,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4nGzT9cNG0Yid93uUCCuTt",[],{"data":29818,"content":29819,"nodeType":866},{},[29820],{"data":29821,"marks":29822,"value":29823,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Solutions like Seraphic are built to defend against a browser being exploited by an attacker trying to break out of the sandbox — an attack that represents a historic low as a share of enterprise incidents, and one that Google's own hardening and rapid patching increasingly mitigates automatically. SquareX is built around malware sandboxing — a legitimate but declining share of the initial access landscape, and a capability Zscaler's existing customers already partially have. LayerX focuses on internal governance rather than external threats.",{"data":29825,"content":29826,"nodeType":866},{},[29827],{"data":29828,"marks":29829,"value":29830,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is built to defend against the attacks that are behind the major breaches hitting the headlines: identity theft, credential abuse, session hijacking, and the full identity attack kill chain that plays out inside the browser every time an attacker logs in as your user. Every major threat intelligence report points to these as the primary breach vectors. The economics of attack choice guarantee they'll remain so.",{"data":29832,"content":29833,"nodeType":866},{},[29834],{"data":29835,"marks":29836,"value":29837,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The security team that deploys Push gets the greatest coverage of the highest-impact threats, on managed and unmanaged devices, with the lightest operational footprint. 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threats.",{"id":31680,"publishedAt":31681},"LlTjdYp5ALHM3YIvsCibZ","2026-08-13T09:35:07.376Z",{"items":31683},[31684,31686],{"sys":31685,"name":297},{"id":2828},{"sys":31687,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"items":31689},[31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728],{"sys":31691,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":31693,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":31695,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":31697,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":31699,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":31701,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":31703,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":31705,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":31707,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":31709,"name":386,"slug":387,"tier":45},{"id":383},{"sys":31711,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":31713,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":31715,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":31717,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":31719,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":31721,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":31723,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":31725,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":31727,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},{"sys":31729,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},"ZdRUl9m2-G3Z9CEGGjFodkTk-e0uWBoLuwQs6a2oEzo",{"id":31732,"title":31733,"authorsCollection":31734,"content":31739,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":32432,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":32434,"metaTitle":32435,"ogImage":59,"postType":1783,"publishedDate":29852,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":32436,"slug":34385,"stem":34386,"subtitle":59,"summary":34387,"synopsis":34398,"sys":34399,"tagsCollection":34402,"topicsCollection":34408,"__hash__":34448},"blog/blog/7-things-omdias-latest-report-tells-us-about-the-secure-enterprise-browser-market.json","7 things Omdia's latest report tells us about the secure enterprise browser market",{"items":31735},[31736],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"socialLinks":31737,"profilePicture":31738},[14658],{"url":11434},{"json":31740,"links":32311},{"data":31741,"content":31742,"nodeType":1739},{},[31743,31761,31768,31775,31781,31784,31792,31808,31815,31821,31828,31911,31918,31923,31930,31936,31939,31947,31959,31966,31978,31981,31989,32004,32011,32018,32021,32029,32036,32052,32058,32074,32081,32088,32095,32111,32118,32121,32129,32136,32152,32159,32162,32170,32186,32193,32212,32224,32227,32235,32251,32258,32265,32272,32279,32282,32289,32295],{"data":31744,"content":31745,"nodeType":866},{},[31746,31749,31757],{"data":31747,"marks":31748,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":31750,"content":31752,"nodeType":882},{"uri":31751},"https://research.esg-global.com/reportaction/515202191/Marketing",[31753],{"data":31754,"marks":31755,"value":31756,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Omdia Browser Management and Security report",{"data":31758,"marks":31759,"value":31760,"nodeType":865},{},[],", based on a survey of 400 IT and security professionals across North America fielded in late 2025, is the most comprehensive industry data to date on how organizations are experiencing, prioritizing, and investing in the secure enterprise browser (SEB) market. ",{"data":31762,"content":31763,"nodeType":866},{},[31764],{"data":31765,"marks":31766,"value":31767,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For us at Push, it externally validates what we've known to be true for some time — the browser is where work happens, where attacks land, and where defenders need to be if they want to detect and stop threats before damage is done.",{"data":31769,"content":31770,"nodeType":866},{},[31771],{"data":31772,"marks":31773,"value":31774,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We pulled out seven findings that matter most for security teams evaluating their approach.",{"data":31776,"content":31780,"nodeType":925},{"target":31777},{"sys":31778},{"id":31779,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4aM879egIFYmDvOhzyNI9A",[],{"data":31782,"content":31783,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":31785,"content":31786,"nodeType":963},{},[31787],{"data":31788,"marks":31789,"value":31791,"nodeType":865},{},[31790],{"type":961},"1. The attacks driving concern are the ones happening inside the browser session",{"data":31793,"content":31794,"nodeType":866},{},[31795,31799,31804],{"data":31796,"marks":31797,"value":31798,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The threat picture is driving everything else in this report, so it's the right place to start. ",{"data":31800,"marks":31801,"value":31803,"nodeType":865},{},[31802],{"type":961},"49% of organizations suffered a successful browser-based attack in the last 12 months.",{"data":31805,"marks":31806,"value":31807,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Among those affected, browser-originated incidents account for roughly 37% of all security incidents — and 68% say that share has grown over the past two years. ",{"data":31809,"content":31810,"nodeType":866},{},[31811],{"data":31812,"marks":31813,"value":31814,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser is not an emerging threat vector. It’s worth noting here that these numbers are also likely lower than the reality, since many are only identified later in the kill chain. Without browser-level telemetry they can be difficult to trace back their source — which in the vast majority of cases, even for malware-driven attacks, is the browser. ",{"data":31816,"content":31820,"nodeType":925},{"target":31817},{"sys":31818},{"id":31819,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6Kcz8oILKVHmhQIo5Du6V",[],{"data":31822,"content":31823,"nodeType":866},{},[31824],{"data":31825,"marks":31826,"value":31827,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What stands out is that every one of the top attack categories plays out inside the browser session itself — not against the browser as a piece of software, but within the sessions where users interact with applications:",{"data":31829,"content":31830,"nodeType":1049},{},[31831,31841,31851,31861,31871,31881,31891,31901],{"data":31832,"content":31833,"nodeType":1003},{},[31834],{"data":31835,"content":31836,"nodeType":866},{},[31837],{"data":31838,"marks":31839,"value":31840,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing (40%)",{"data":31842,"content":31843,"nodeType":1003},{},[31844],{"data":31845,"content":31846,"nodeType":866},{},[31847],{"data":31848,"marks":31849,"value":31850,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Data loss or leakage (38%)",{"data":31852,"content":31853,"nodeType":1003},{},[31854],{"data":31855,"content":31856,"nodeType":866},{},[31857],{"data":31858,"marks":31859,"value":31860,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions (34%)",{"data":31862,"content":31863,"nodeType":1003},{},[31864],{"data":31865,"content":31866,"nodeType":866},{},[31867],{"data":31868,"marks":31869,"value":31870,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Vulnerable browser extensions (33%)",{"data":31872,"content":31873,"nodeType":1003},{},[31874],{"data":31875,"content":31876,"nodeType":866},{},[31877],{"data":31878,"marks":31879,"value":31880,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious scripts (31%)",{"data":31882,"content":31883,"nodeType":1003},{},[31884],{"data":31885,"content":31886,"nodeType":866},{},[31887],{"data":31888,"marks":31889,"value":31890,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credential theft via browser (28%)",{"data":31892,"content":31893,"nodeType":1003},{},[31894],{"data":31895,"content":31896,"nodeType":866},{},[31897],{"data":31898,"marks":31899,"value":31900,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cookie theft (22%)",{"data":31902,"content":31903,"nodeType":1003},{},[31904],{"data":31905,"content":31906,"nodeType":866},{},[31907],{"data":31908,"marks":31909,"value":31910,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AiTM attacks (17%)",{"data":31912,"content":31913,"nodeType":866},{},[31914],{"data":31915,"marks":31916,"value":31917,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing, credential theft, cookie theft, and AiTM are attacks that target the user's interaction with a web page — the credential entry, the session creation, the token exchange. Malicious and vulnerable extensions are supply chain risks that operate inside the browser's own execution environment. Data loss happens through the browser when employees upload files, paste data into AI tools, or share information with unsanctioned applications. ",{"data":31919,"content":31922,"nodeType":925},{"target":31920},{"sys":31921},{"id":16221,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":31924,"content":31925,"nodeType":866},{},[31926],{"data":31927,"marks":31928,"value":31929,"nodeType":865},{},[],"None of these are attacks where network-layer traffic inspection, endpoint monitoring, or email scanning provides complete coverage, because the attack surface is the browser session itself.",{"data":31931,"content":31935,"nodeType":925},{"target":31932},{"sys":31933},{"id":31934,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5kI5h4Z31ByD73er7voayF",[],{"data":31937,"content":31938,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":31940,"content":31941,"nodeType":963},{},[31942],{"data":31943,"marks":31944,"value":31946,"nodeType":865},{},[31945],{"type":961},"2. Browser security is now a board-level priority",{"data":31948,"content":31949,"nodeType":866},{},[31950,31955],{"data":31951,"marks":31952,"value":31954,"nodeType":865},{},[31953],{"type":961},"88% of respondents rank browser security as at least a top-five security priority",{"data":31956,"marks":31957,"value":31958,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with more than a quarter (26%) calling it their single top priority. For context, this is a survey that covers the full spectrum of security concerns — cloud, supply chain, AI, insider risk — and browser security has risen above most of them.",{"data":31960,"content":31961,"nodeType":866},{},[31962],{"data":31963,"marks":31964,"value":31965,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is not aspirational interest. The correlation between priority level and investment is sharp: among those who rank browser security as their top priority, 72% have significantly increased their investment due to emerging threats. Among those who rank it in their top five, that figure is 26%. The organizations that care most are spending the most.",{"data":31967,"content":31968,"nodeType":866},{},[31969,31974],{"data":31970,"marks":31971,"value":31973,"nodeType":865},{},[31972],{"type":961},"86% of respondents have increased their browser security investment in response to emerging threats",{"data":31975,"marks":31976,"value":31977,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with 36% saying the increase was significant. When you ask what's driving that spend, the answer is the threat landscape: the attacks cataloged in the previous section are the reason budgets are moving.",{"data":31979,"content":31980,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":31982,"content":31983,"nodeType":963},{},[31984],{"data":31985,"marks":31986,"value":31988,"nodeType":865},{},[31987],{"type":961},"3. Real budget is being allocated — and it's growing",{"data":31990,"content":31991,"nodeType":866},{},[31992,31996,32000],{"data":31993,"marks":31994,"value":31995,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Secure enterprise browser solutions already take up ",{"data":31997,"marks":31998,"value":28476,"nodeType":865},{},[31999],{"type":961},{"data":32001,"marks":32002,"value":32003,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a substantial allocation for a category that didn't exist as a standalone line item a few years ago. And 85% of respondents expect to increase that spend over the next 12–24 months, with a quarter expecting significant increases.",{"data":32005,"content":32006,"nodeType":866},{},[32007],{"data":32008,"marks":32009,"value":32010,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where the money comes from tells its own story. The most common funding model is a discrete line item within security program budgets (31%) or a dedicated secure browsing budget (30%). When organizations pull from an existing program budget, web security (26%) and endpoint security (21%) are the most common sources — while SASE/SSE accounts for just 9%, despite SASE vendors being the second most popular vendor category. That disconnect between vendor preference and budget origin suggests the SASE-bundled buying motion may be more aspirational than operational.",{"data":32012,"content":32013,"nodeType":866},{},[32014],{"data":32015,"marks":32016,"value":32017,"nodeType":865},{},[],"IT operations leadership is the top stakeholder in 82% of evaluations, with CISO and security leadership at 64% and CIOs at 42%. Day-to-day management sits primarily with IT Ops (77%) and SecOps (50%). This dual stakeholder picture — IT operations driving evaluation, security leadership providing strategic direction — shapes the competitive landscape in ways we'll come back to.",{"data":32019,"content":32020,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":32022,"content":32023,"nodeType":963},{},[32024],{"data":32025,"marks":32026,"value":32028,"nodeType":865},{},[32027],{"type":961},"4. AI is accelerating both the threat and the use case",{"data":32030,"content":32031,"nodeType":866},{},[32032],{"data":32033,"marks":32034,"value":32035,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI shows up in this report from two directions, mirroring how it is reshaping the security landscape itself.",{"data":32037,"content":32038,"nodeType":866},{},[32039,32043,32048],{"data":32040,"marks":32041,"value":32042,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the threat side, ",{"data":32044,"marks":32045,"value":32047,"nodeType":865},{},[32046],{"type":961},"AI-powered targeted phishing and social engineering is the top emerging concern",{"data":32049,"marks":32050,"value":32051,"nodeType":865},{},[],", cited by 75% of respondents as either very concerning or concerning. Data leakage via unsanctioned AI applications comes second at 71%, followed by deepfake/AI-generated malicious content at 69% and credential harvesting via fake AI or SaaS login pages at 66%. Every one of these threat categories involves the browser — AI-enhanced phishing lands in the browser, AI data leakage happens through browser-based AI tools, and fake AI login pages are browser-based credential harvesting.",{"data":32053,"content":32057,"nodeType":925},{"target":32054},{"sys":32055},{"id":32056,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2ajv2i5wn2GzKuyynQGlvq",[],{"data":32059,"content":32060,"nodeType":866},{},[32061,32065,32070],{"data":32062,"marks":32063,"value":32064,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the adoption side, the picture is almost universal — and almost universally under-governed. ",{"data":32066,"marks":32067,"value":32069,"nodeType":865},{},[32068],{"type":961},"92% of organizations now allow employees to use public GenAI applications",{"data":32071,"marks":32072,"value":32073,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and virtually every organization has some kind of policy position: 37% have sanctioned one public app (with everything else unsanctioned), 39% have sanctioned multiple public apps (with others unsanctioned), and 23% restrict employees to a corporate instance while the public versions are unsanctioned. ",{"data":32075,"content":32076,"nodeType":866},{},[32077],{"data":32078,"marks":32079,"value":32080,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even the 8% who don't allow GenAI at all have taken a policy position. Essentially 100% of organizations have a GenAI policy — but for the vast majority, that policy designates a large portion of public AI tool usage as unsanctioned, which raises the immediate question of whether they have the tooling to actually enforce it.",{"data":32082,"content":32083,"nodeType":866},{},[32084],{"data":32085,"marks":32086,"value":32087,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The answer, based on the current tooling landscape, appears to be: not quite. When Omdia asked how organizations currently secure GenAI usage, 58% rely on secure web gateways — tools that see traffic metadata but cannot observe what a user actually does inside a GenAI session — while 57% use secure browsing solutions and 57% use SaaS security solutions. ",{"data":32089,"content":32090,"nodeType":866},{},[32091],{"data":32092,"marks":32093,"value":32094,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An SWG can tell you that a user visited ChatGPT, but it cannot tell you whether they pasted your company's source code into the prompt. That distinction — between knowing where data went and knowing what the user actually did — is the fundamental gap that browser-layer visibility exists to close, and it is exactly the gap that makes GenAI policies unenforceable without browser-layer tooling.",{"data":32096,"content":32097,"nodeType":866},{},[32098,32102,32107],{"data":32099,"marks":32100,"value":32101,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The use case data reflects this. When Omdia asked about the most important use cases for a secure browsing solution, ",{"data":32103,"marks":32104,"value":32106,"nodeType":865},{},[32105],{"type":961},"generative AI application security came in first at 59%",{"data":32108,"marks":32109,"value":32110,"nodeType":865},{},[],", followed by data loss prevention at 51% and general web security enhancement at 42%. The feature priorities tell a consistent story: AI-powered threat detection and response (52%) and advanced GenAI usage controls and monitoring (41%) were the top two capabilities organizations said would be most important in a purchase decision. ",{"data":32112,"content":32113,"nodeType":866},{},[32114],{"data":32115,"marks":32116,"value":32117,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AI is both the top threat concern and the top use case for browser security — and it is a browser problem at both ends, because every LLM interaction, every prompt containing sensitive data, and every AI agent authorization happens inside a browser session.",{"data":32119,"content":32120,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":32122,"content":32123,"nodeType":963},{},[32124],{"data":32125,"marks":32126,"value":32128,"nodeType":865},{},[32127],{"type":961},"5. Organizations that have deployed secure enterprise browser solutions are seeing real results",{"data":32130,"content":32131,"nodeType":866},{},[32132],{"data":32133,"marks":32134,"value":32135,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the most useful sections in Omdia's report is the benefits data — what organizations that have deployed SEB solutions are actually getting out of them.",{"data":32137,"content":32138,"nodeType":866},{},[32139,32143,32148],{"data":32140,"marks":32141,"value":32142,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The top realized benefit is ",{"data":32144,"marks":32145,"value":32147,"nodeType":865},{},[32146],{"type":961},"improved data security, cited by 58% of respondents",{"data":32149,"marks":32150,"value":32151,"nodeType":865},{},[],", followed by fewer security incidents (49%), better visibility and auditing (47%), improved user experience (44%), and simplified configuration and policy management (41%). The picture that emerges is not just a security story but an operational one: organizations are seeing fewer incidents, better visibility, and simpler management alongside the security outcomes.",{"data":32153,"content":32154,"nodeType":866},{},[32155],{"data":32156,"marks":32157,"value":32158,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The 49% who cite fewer security incidents as a realized benefit is the number that matters most here, because it directly connects SEB deployment to measurable risk reduction. Organizations aren't just buying tools and hoping — they're deploying them and seeing fewer successful attacks as a result.",{"data":32160,"content":32161,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":32163,"content":32164,"nodeType":963},{},[32165],{"data":32166,"marks":32167,"value":32169,"nodeType":865},{},[32168],{"type":961},"6. The market wants protection in existing browsers, not migration",{"data":32171,"content":32172,"nodeType":866},{},[32173,32177,32182],{"data":32174,"marks":32175,"value":32176,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When Omdia asked what attributes matter most in a secure enterprise browser solution, ",{"data":32178,"marks":32179,"value":32181,"nodeType":865},{},[32180],{"type":961},"\"ability to use existing browsers\" ranked as the fourth most important attribute at 48%",{"data":32183,"marks":32184,"value":32185,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — behind only integration with other security tools (57%), controls over generative AI application usage (53%), and centralized policy enforcement (52%). ",{"data":32187,"content":32188,"nodeType":866},{},[32189],{"data":32190,"marks":32191,"value":32192,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That 48% figure, combined with 80% of respondents saying they expect to use an SEB solution as an integrated or alongside component rather than a replacement for existing tools, points to a clear market preference: organizations want browser security that works with their existing browser estate, not a migration to a new one.",{"data":32194,"content":32195,"nodeType":866},{},[32196,32200,32208],{"data":32197,"marks":32198,"value":32199,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is consistent with what we hear from security leaders directly. As ",{"data":32201,"content":32202,"nodeType":882},{"uri":28969},[32203],{"data":32204,"marks":32205,"value":32207,"nodeType":865},{},[32206],{"type":997},"Josh Lemos put it: ",{"data":32209,"marks":32210,"value":32211,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\"We looked at the full-stack enterprise browser approach, but converging on a single platform was tough. Push gave me the security instrumentation and context I needed without onerous headwinds.\" The deployment model matters because it determines adoption velocity — and a tool that requires browser migration introduces friction that delays time to value.",{"data":32213,"content":32214,"nodeType":866},{},[32215,32219],{"data":32216,"marks":32217,"value":32218,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push was built around this insight from day one. As the secure enterprise browser extension for security teams, Push turns any browser — managed or unmanaged, including agentic browsers — into a telemetry source and control point the moment it's installed. It has been rolled out to 100,000 users in under an hour during normal office hours with zero downtime. ",{"data":32220,"marks":32221,"value":32223,"nodeType":865},{},[32222],{"type":961},"That is a deployment model that matches what Omdia's respondents are asking for.",{"data":32225,"content":32226,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":32228,"content":32229,"nodeType":963},{},[32230],{"data":32231,"marks":32232,"value":32234,"nodeType":865},{},[32233],{"type":961},"7. Dedicated vendors lead over platform plays",{"data":32236,"content":32237,"nodeType":866},{},[32238,32242,32247],{"data":32239,"marks":32240,"value":32241,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When Omdia asked which category of vendor organizations primarily use or expect to use for secure enterprise browsing, ",{"data":32243,"marks":32244,"value":32246,"nodeType":865},{},[32245],{"type":961},"36% chose a dedicated SEB vendor",{"data":32248,"marks":32249,"value":32250,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — the largest single category. SASE/network security vendors came second at 29%, followed by traditional VDI/desktop virtualization vendors at 19% and endpoint platform vendors at 15%.",{"data":32252,"content":32253,"nodeType":866},{},[32254],{"data":32255,"marks":32256,"value":32257,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The dedicated category leads, and the reason isn't just first-mover advantage — it's architectural. The alternative paths each come with structural constraints. SASE and SSE platforms are network-centric: they see traffic metadata and enforce URL categorization, but they can't observe the rendered page inside a browser tab — the DOM structure, the script behavior, the credential entry that distinguishes a legitimate login from an AiTM reverse-proxy kit. ",{"data":32259,"content":32260,"nodeType":866},{},[32261],{"data":32262,"marks":32263,"value":32264,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Endpoint platforms that bolt on browser visibility are still anchored to the OS layer, solving for browser exploit prevention rather than in-session behavioral detection of the attacks that actually dominate — phishing, credential theft, session hijacking, extension compromise. And when large platform vendors acquire browser security capabilities, the integration work takes years rather than months, during which detection depth sits in a transitional state. ",{"data":32266,"content":32267,"nodeType":866},{},[32268],{"data":32269,"marks":32270,"value":32271,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Dedicated browser-native vendors start from a different premise entirely: the browser isn't a supplementary signal feeding into someone else's SASE pipeline or XDR correlation engine — it is the telemetry source and the control point. The browser is the only place where you get simultaneous visibility into both the attacker's technique and the employee's action within the same session, because the phishing page, the credential submission, the token exchange, and the data exfiltration all happen inside the same tab. No network appliance, endpoint agent, or identity provider log can see all of that, because none of them are present where the interaction occurs.",{"data":32273,"content":32274,"nodeType":866},{},[32275],{"data":32276,"marks":32277,"value":32278,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For security teams evaluating SEB solutions, the architecture matters more than the vendor category label. The capabilities Omdia's respondents ranked highest — integration with existing tools, GenAI controls, centralized policy enforcement, and the ability to use existing browsers — all point toward solutions that deliver detection depth through a lightweight deployment model, without browser migration and without the integration debt of a platform acquisition.",{"data":32280,"content":32281,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":32283,"content":32284,"nodeType":866},{},[32285],{"data":32286,"marks":32287,"value":32288,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. ",{"data":32290,"content":32291,"nodeType":866},{},[32292],{"data":32293,"marks":32294,"value":1718,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32296,"content":32297,"nodeType":866},{},[32298,32301,32308],{"data":32299,"marks":32300,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32302,"content":32303,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[32304],{"data":32305,"marks":32306,"value":10641,"nodeType":865},{},[32307],{"type":997},{"data":32309,"marks":32310,"value":1738,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":32312},{"hyperlink":32313,"inline":32314,"block":32315},[],[],[32316,32324,32361,32365,32394],{"sys":32317,"__typename":1747,"title":32318,"caption":32319,"layoutMode":59,"file":32320},{"id":31779},"Omdia report key stats infographic","Headline stats from the latest Omdia report.",{"url":32321,"width":32322,"height":32323},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/62TiADpvI65W2gT7RQwlOU/a4aaad376574b1cd963fc0afa5e2942d/omdia-browser-security-infographic_2x__2_.png",1700,1434,{"sys":32325,"__typename":9270,"content":32326,"name":32360,"title":59},{"id":31819},{"json":32327},{"nodeType":1739,"data":32328,"content":32329},{},[32330],{"nodeType":866,"data":32331,"content":32332},{},[32333,32337,32344,32348,32356],{"nodeType":865,"value":32334,"marks":32335,"data":32336},"The evidence here isn’t just statistics. The real-world breaches attributed to ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":32338,"content":32339},{"uri":8759},[32340],{"nodeType":865,"value":16561,"marks":32341,"data":32343},[32342],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":32345,"marks":32346,"data":32347},", including the ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":32349,"content":32350},{"uri":4236},[32351],{"nodeType":865,"value":32352,"marks":32353,"data":32355},"ShinyHunters-branded 2026 hacking spree",[32354],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":32357,"marks":32358,"data":32359},", clearly underline the real-world threat. ",[],{},"Omdia report IB1",{"sys":32362,"__typename":5631,"type":5632,"ctaText":32363,"buttonLabel":32364,"buttonColour":5635,"buttonUrl":5636},{"id":16221},"Get our latest technical whitepaper to learn about the state of browser-based attacks in 2026 (no sign-up required).","Download Now",{"sys":32366,"__typename":9270,"content":32367,"name":32393,"title":59},{"id":31934},{"json":32368},{"data":32369,"content":32370,"nodeType":1739},{},[32371],{"data":32372,"content":32373,"nodeType":866},{},[32374,32378,32389],{"data":32375,"marks":32376,"value":32377,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It's worth noting that AiTM — now the dominant phishing technique in the wild,",{"data":32379,"content":32380,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3620},[32381,32384],{"data":32382,"marks":32383,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":32385,"marks":32386,"value":32388,"nodeType":865},{},[32387],{"type":997},"responsible for 62% of phishing blocked by Microsoft",{"data":32390,"marks":32391,"value":32392,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — shows up at just 17% in Omdia's data. That likely reflects a recognition gap rather than low prevalence: most organizations lack the browser-layer visibility to distinguish an AiTM reverse-proxy attack from a conventional phishing page, which means the real AiTM figure is probably buried inside the 40% who reported phishing generally.","Omdia report IB2",{"sys":32395,"__typename":9270,"content":32396,"name":32431,"title":59},{"id":32056},{"json":32397},{"nodeType":1739,"data":32398,"content":32399},{},[32400],{"nodeType":866,"data":32401,"content":32402},{},[32403,32407,32415,32419,32427],{"nodeType":865,"value":32404,"marks":32405,"data":32406},"This is something we’re seeing extensively in the wild. Just about every phishing kit we encounter today is packed with signs of AI use. You can see our ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":32408,"content":32409},{"uri":12335},[32410],{"nodeType":865,"value":32411,"marks":32412,"data":32414},"recent analysis of the Doko’s Panel real-time vishing + AitM kit",[32413],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":32416,"marks":32417,"data":32418}," for one example of this. AI development of kits and tools is rapidly driving down the time for attackers to adopt and scale new capabilities — the ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":32420,"content":32421},{"uri":1384},[32422],{"nodeType":865,"value":32423,"marks":32424,"data":32426},"37x increase in device code phishing in 2026",[32425],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":32428,"marks":32429,"data":32430}," being another indicator of this (we've observed heavy AI tool use across multiple kits and campaigns, with the EvilTokens kit gaining particular notoriety for its abuse of the Railway platform's AI features).",[],{},"Omdia report IB3",{"items":32433},[],{},"7 things Omdia's latest report tells us about the SEB 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cyber criminals power malvertising scams with stolen accounts","cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis",{"sys":38227,"__typename":1788,"title":38228,"slug":38229},{"id":16997},"InstallFix: How attackers are weaponizing malvertised install guides  ","installfix",{"sys":38231,"__typename":1788,"title":16902,"slug":16905},{"id":16070},{"sys":38233,"__typename":1788,"title":21462,"slug":361},{"id":17119},{"sys":38235,"__typename":1788,"title":38236,"slug":38237},{"id":17143},"ConsentFix: Analyzing a browser-native ClickFix-style attack that hijacks OAuth consent grants","consentfix",{"sys":38239,"__typename":1788,"title":38240,"slug":38241},{"id":17169},"Google Search malvertising campaign continues, now impersonating Ahrefs","google-search-malvertising-campaign-continues-now-impersonating-ahrefs",{"sys":38243,"__typename":1788,"title":38244,"slug":38245},{"id":17193},"Uncovering a Calendly-themed phishing campaign targeting business ad manager accounts","uncovering-a-calendly-themed-phishing-campaign",{"sys":38247,"__typename":1788,"title":38248,"slug":38249},{"id":17281},"Our design philosophy: Detecting what matters","our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters",[38251,38272,38275,38307,38312,38317,38325,38333,38347,38354],{"sys":38252,"__typename":9270,"content":38253,"name":38271,"title":59},{"id":17044},{"json":38254},{"nodeType":1739,"data":38255,"content":38256},{},[38257,38264],{"nodeType":866,"data":38258,"content":38259},{},[38260],{"nodeType":865,"value":38261,"marks":38262,"data":38263},"In this article, we’ll outline how Push uses AI agents as a force multiplier for identifying emerging threats that target organizations via the browser — think: ClickFix, vibecoded phishing sites, AiTM kits, cloned login pages, ConsentFix attacks, malicious OAuth apps, device code phishing, sites impersonating Claude Code installers, etc. — and share what we’ve learned. ",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":38265,"content":38266},{},[38267],{"nodeType":865,"value":38268,"marks":38269,"data":38270},"We’ll cover the architectural decisions we made that enable the successful implementation of agents and some emerging best practices we’ve identified; discuss why our hunts focus on extracting techniques, not indicators; and illustrate how Push customers are benefitting from this agentic pipeline.",[],{},"Agentic Threat Hunting Blog IB1",{"sys":38273,"__typename":1747,"title":16127,"caption":18454,"layoutMode":59,"file":38274},{"id":17207},{"url":18456,"width":18457,"height":18458},{"sys":38276,"__typename":9270,"content":38277,"name":38306,"title":59},{"id":17220},{"json":38278},{"nodeType":1739,"data":38279,"content":38280},{},[38281,38299],{"nodeType":866,"data":38282,"content":38283},{},[38284,38288,38295],{"nodeType":865,"value":38285,"marks":38286,"data":38287},"Push researchers are seeing ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":38289,"content":38290},{"uri":12335},[38291],{"nodeType":865,"value":38292,"marks":38293,"data":38294},"extensive evidence of LLM use",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":38296,"marks":38297,"data":38298}," in attacks we detect, from LLM-generated phishing kits and tools to vibe-coded cloned pages, demonstrating how much adversaries have embraced these tools to expedite their work. ",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":38300,"content":38301},{},[38302],{"nodeType":865,"value":38303,"marks":38304,"data":38305},"In particular, we’ve observed operator-gated payload delivery that greatly reduces the likelihood that malicious sites will be flagged and added to known-bad detection lists because they’re only served to active targets, using gated landing pages, anti-bot checks, and other methods to evade proactive infrastructure scanning. This reinforces the need for browser-based detection at the point the user interacts with the page.",[],{},"Agentic Threat Hunting Blog IB2",{"sys":38308,"__typename":1747,"title":38309,"caption":1775,"layoutMode":59,"file":38310},{"id":17260},"Sample detection - blog article - custom branding",{"url":38311,"width":1759,"height":1778},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6k8qVn1iYXbBl6lcHvphIa/dd802537d883cf6ddafdd78034c3412a/sample_detection.png",{"sys":38313,"__typename":38314,"title":38315,"youTubeUrl":38316},{"id":17310},"EmbeddedVideo","Adam Bateman: Agentic AI is a Force Multiplier","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5Qv-su0qQA",{"sys":38318,"__typename":1747,"title":38319,"caption":38320,"layoutMode":59,"file":38321},{"id":17537},"Dissect agent output - agentic threat hunting blog","Summary from the work of Push’s deep investigation AI agent on the initial InstallFix attack detected by Push.",{"url":38322,"width":38323,"height":38324},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6t86kpGUwCVvrJEfVic1Cr/f41986585203764155d736d26cee2176/agentic_summary_example_installfix.png",1998,1428,{"sys":38326,"__typename":1747,"title":38327,"caption":38328,"layoutMode":59,"file":38329},{"id":17643},"Detection engine diagram - agentic threat blog","The Push detection engine combines deep browser telemetry with agentic workflows to rapidly respond to emerging threats.  ",{"url":38330,"width":38331,"height":38332},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1zbE1t82gPo7pgqkAayTcZ/72046ea5db9b80c77053343223025163/platform_diagram_v3.png",1134,762,{"sys":38334,"__typename":9270,"content":38335,"name":38346,"title":59},{"id":17680},{"json":38336},{"data":38337,"content":38338,"nodeType":1739},{},[38339],{"data":38340,"content":38341,"nodeType":866},{},[38342],{"data":38343,"marks":38344,"value":38345,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Use agents as an excuse to operationalize your internal knowledge once and for all. Every security team has a venerable silo of knowledge — that one person who just knows how to do that one major thing. Now, that can be an AI resource accessible to all, at any time, whenever you need it most.","Agentic Threat Hunting Blog IB4",{"sys":38348,"__typename":1747,"title":38349,"caption":38350,"layoutMode":59,"file":38351},{"id":17734},"Learning loops diagram - agentic threat blog","Two learning loops for known and unknown threats create a compounding effect for Push’s ability to defend against browser-based attacks.",{"url":38352,"width":38353,"height":1778},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6TQdqvjhG4AYHITcR1MV9s/b1e1c337f50005186f6022004543023b/learning_loops_v3.png",1001,{"sys":38355,"__typename":5631,"type":5632,"ctaText":38356,"buttonLabel":35233,"buttonColour":5635,"buttonUrl":38357},{"id":17813},"Book a demo to learn more about our agentic threat hunting capabilities and how they can benefit your security team.","https://site.dev.pushsecurity.com/demo/",{"items":38359},[],{},"How we built an agentic threat hunting pipeline at Push",{"items":38363},[38364,38932,39613],{"__typename":1788,"sys":38365,"content":38367,"title":38919,"synopsis":38920,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":2818,"slug":38921,"tagsCollection":38922,"authorsCollection":38928},{"id":38366},"2nQU0gDEqgarstvFMqFTzn",{"json":38368},{"data":38369,"content":38370,"nodeType":1739},{},[38371,38378,38385,38405,38413,38420,38428,38431,38438,38445,38463,38470,38478,38485,38492,38499,38506,38512,38515,38522,38529,38536,38555,38562,38569,38576,38583,38590,38597,38604,38611,38629,38636,38643,38650,38653,38660,38667,38674,38681,38687,38694,38701,38708,38715,38721,38728,38735,38742,38749,38771,38778,38785,38792,38799,38815,38822,38829,38836,38843,38849,38856,38863,38870,38876,38879,38886,38903],{"data":38372,"content":38373,"nodeType":866},{},[38374],{"data":38375,"marks":38376,"value":38377,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What would it take to vibecode your own AI-driven threat hunting pipeline? ",{"data":38379,"content":38380,"nodeType":866},{},[38381],{"data":38382,"marks":38383,"value":38384,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The commercial models are right there. You’ve probably got a spare weekend coming up, a really nice espresso machine, and a few bucks for tokens. (Is there already an HGTV series on this?)",{"data":38386,"content":38387,"nodeType":866},{},[38388,38392,38401],{"data":38389,"marks":38390,"value":38391,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We recently published a ",{"data":38393,"content":38395,"nodeType":882},{"uri":38394},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline",[38396],{"data":38397,"marks":38398,"value":38400,"nodeType":865},{},[38399],{"type":997},"detailed look",{"data":38402,"marks":38403,"value":38404,"nodeType":865},{},[]," at how we use AI agents as a force multiplier for Push’s threat hunting and detection engineering capabilities.One intriguing detail you might have noticed in that article is that at Push, we treat commercial AI models as commoditized infrastructure, akin to cloud computing.",{"data":38406,"content":38407,"nodeType":866},{},[38408],{"data":38409,"marks":38410,"value":38412,"nodeType":865},{},[38411],{"type":961},"So it’s a cheeky question, but a fair one, because if Push is using commercial models, what exactly are you paying for?",{"data":38414,"content":38415,"nodeType":866},{},[38416],{"data":38417,"marks":38418,"value":38419,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It turns out that the models are the easiest things to replace, and in fact we swap out different models with little impact on detection performance. What’s much harder to build is the expertise: the technical knowledge of various attack techniques, the instrumentation in the browser that produces the structured telemetry, and the enforcement layer that turns detections into real-time protection.",{"data":38421,"content":38422,"nodeType":866},{},[38423],{"data":38424,"marks":38425,"value":38427,"nodeType":865},{},[38426],{"type":961},"Let’s break it down.",{"data":38429,"content":38430,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":38432,"content":38433,"nodeType":963},{},[38434],{"data":38435,"marks":38436,"value":38437,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The promise and the perils of threat hunting (and where agentic capabilities fit in)",{"data":38439,"content":38440,"nodeType":866},{},[38441],{"data":38442,"marks":38443,"value":38444,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Threat hunting — the practice of proactively searching for threats that haven’t been seen before — is one of the most effective practices in security and one of the least accessible.",{"data":38446,"content":38447,"nodeType":866},{},[38448,38451,38459],{"data":38449,"marks":38450,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38452,"content":38454,"nodeType":882},{"uri":38453},"https://www.sans.org/white-papers/sans-2025-threat-hunting-survey-advancements-threat-hunting-amid-ai-cloud-challenges",[38455],{"data":38456,"marks":38457,"value":38458,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SANS 2025 Threat Hunting Survey",{"data":38460,"marks":38461,"value":38462,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found that 61% of organizations cite staffing shortages as the top barrier to running a hunting program. A single manual hunt takes 10 to 20 hours of sustained analyst focus — forming hypotheses about what an attacker might be doing, querying data sources sequentially, correlating results by hand, documenting findings. Many organizations hunt infrequently or not at all.",{"data":38464,"content":38465,"nodeType":866},{},[38466],{"data":38467,"marks":38468,"value":38469,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Threat hunting in the browser poses specific challenges: The stakes are high as AI-enabled attacks accelerate, and the availability of training and knowledge is low. ",{"data":38471,"content":38472,"nodeType":866},{},[38473],{"data":38474,"marks":38475,"value":38477,"nodeType":865},{},[38476],{"type":961},"AiTM phishing kits that manipulate DOM elements in real time, ClickFix variants that inject malicious payloads through clipboard manipulation, ConsentFix attacks that abuse OAuth consent flows, credential harvesting on pages that rotate infrastructure hourly — these techniques don't map cleanly onto the endpoint-focused threat models most SOC teams were built around, or the data sources they’re used to interrogating. ",{"data":38479,"content":38480,"nodeType":866},{},[38481],{"data":38482,"marks":38483,"value":38484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even well-staffed security organizations tend to have a blind spot in the browser layer because the expertise required to hunt there is specialized and the telemetry to support it hasn't historically been available.",{"data":38486,"content":38487,"nodeType":866},{},[38488],{"data":38489,"marks":38490,"value":38491,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using AI agents to hunt for browser-based threats promises a net-new capability for smaller teams without dedicated threat hunting staff. For larger enterprises, the value of an agentic threat hunting capability lies in its ability to provide (or augment) expertise on emerging attack methods.",{"data":38493,"content":38494,"nodeType":866},{},[38495],{"data":38496,"marks":38497,"value":38498,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most SOC teams have deep expertise at the endpoint, IdP, cloud, and network layers, built over years of working with those systems’ telemetry and workflows. But browser-based attacks operate in a different domain with different telemetry, different TTPs, and a different evasion model.",{"data":38500,"content":38501,"nodeType":866},{},[38502],{"data":38503,"marks":38504,"value":38505,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A capability like Push’s provides an answer to these three hurdles: providing expertise, without any additional burden on staff, and at a speed that matches the acceleration we’re currently witnessing in browser-based attack techniques.",{"data":38507,"content":38511,"nodeType":925},{"target":38508},{"sys":38509},{"id":38510,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1uw9eFMPDdrevj26fyix5f",[],{"data":38513,"content":38514,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":38516,"content":38517,"nodeType":963},{},[38518],{"data":38519,"marks":38520,"value":38521,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t chatbot log analysis",{"data":38523,"content":38524,"nodeType":866},{},[38525],{"data":38526,"marks":38527,"value":38528,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When you hear “AI-powered threat hunting,” you might imagine an AI copilot sitting on top of your SIEM, summarizing alerts and correlating log entries faster than a human analyst could. It’s a fair assumption because many products use this kind of implementation, and tools like those are useful.",{"data":38530,"content":38531,"nodeType":866},{},[38532],{"data":38533,"marks":38534,"value":38535,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s not what we built at Push.",{"data":38537,"content":38538,"nodeType":866},{},[38539,38543,38551],{"data":38540,"marks":38541,"value":38542,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re not familiar with Push, it’s a browser security platform deployed as an extension that detects and stops advanced browser-based attacks while also providing visibility and control over shadow apps and identities, including AI usage. You can use the same telemetry Push provides for these use cases to ",{"data":38544,"content":38546,"nodeType":882},{"uri":38545},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-you-cant-control-ai-without-being-in-the-browser/",[38547],{"data":38548,"marks":38549,"value":38550,"nodeType":865},{},[],"perform data loss and insider risk investigations",{"data":38552,"marks":38553,"value":38554,"nodeType":865},{},[],", too.",{"data":38556,"content":38557,"nodeType":866},{},[38558],{"data":38559,"marks":38560,"value":38561,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What we built is an agentic threat hunting and detection pipeline where AI agents collaborate with in-house threat researchers to continuously hunt for emerging browser-based attack techniques across our customer base, and then automatically write and deploy new detections.",{"data":38563,"content":38564,"nodeType":866},{},[38565],{"data":38566,"marks":38567,"value":38568,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our pipeline differs from AI-enabled log analysis in three key ways:",{"data":38570,"content":38571,"nodeType":1458},{},[38572],{"data":38573,"marks":38574,"value":38575,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A new telemetry source is the foundation",{"data":38577,"content":38578,"nodeType":866},{},[38579],{"data":38580,"marks":38581,"value":38582,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First, the Push platform generates its own telemetry. The Push browser extension operates as a flight recorder, locally collecting browser session metadata that doesn’t exist anywhere else in the security stack — details like DOM structure, script execution contexts, redirect chains, credential entry behavior, OAuth consent flows, and network requests observed from inside the session. ",{"data":38584,"content":38585,"nodeType":866},{},[38586],{"data":38587,"marks":38588,"value":38589,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This metadata is stored locally and only queried during targeted threat hunts, preserving user and customer privacy.",{"data":38591,"content":38592,"nodeType":1458},{},[38593],{"data":38594,"marks":38595,"value":38596,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Proactive hunting, not just reactive triage",{"data":38598,"content":38599,"nodeType":866},{},[38600],{"data":38601,"marks":38602,"value":38603,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The pipeline also hunts proactively rather than triaging reactively, as with log analysis agents.",{"data":38605,"content":38606,"nodeType":866},{},[38607],{"data":38608,"marks":38609,"value":38610,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push agents generate hypotheses, craft queries against the telemetry corpus, run them across millions of browsers, and triage the results — searching for techniques that haven't triggered any existing alert or rule. ",{"data":38612,"content":38613,"nodeType":866},{},[38614,38617,38625],{"data":38615,"marks":38616,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38618,"content":38619,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11342},[38620],{"data":38621,"marks":38622,"value":38624,"nodeType":865},{},[38623],{"type":997},"InstallFix discovery",{"data":38626,"marks":38627,"value":38628,"nodeType":865},{},[]," described in the original agentic threat hunting article is the clearest example: The Push pipeline surfaced 12 meaningful results from trillions of browser events, and one of them was a novel attack technique. That's threat hunting at machine scale, not just alert triage.",{"data":38630,"content":38631,"nodeType":1458},{},[38632],{"data":38633,"marks":38634,"value":38635,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Not just analysis, but new detections, too",{"data":38637,"content":38638,"nodeType":866},{},[38639],{"data":38640,"marks":38641,"value":38642,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, the output isn’t (only) a natural-language summary of what the agents found. It’s a production detection rule that ships to every Push customer and wires into real-time enforcement controls defined by Push admins. ",{"data":38644,"content":38645,"nodeType":866},{},[38646],{"data":38647,"marks":38648,"value":38649,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The pipeline's job isn’t to help you understand an alert faster. Rather, it’s producing detection rules that didn't exist before at a speed that enables those detections to address emerging attack techniques and organization-specific campaigns within minutes.",{"data":38651,"content":38652,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":38654,"content":38655,"nodeType":963},{},[38656],{"data":38657,"marks":38658,"value":38659,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Agentic threat hunting as core product infrastructure",{"data":38661,"content":38662,"nodeType":866},{},[38663],{"data":38664,"marks":38665,"value":38666,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The nice thing about commercially available AI models is that they’re really good at understanding web code. That arcane Javascript function you’d have to look up in the docs? They recognize it immediately. That makes them perfectly suited to provide domain knowledge that can be harnessed with the right security expertise.",{"data":38668,"content":38669,"nodeType":866},{},[38670],{"data":38671,"marks":38672,"value":38673,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using commercial models in our agentic detection pipeline then becomes a force multiplier for our research team’s understanding of TTPs — not a security engine in and of itself.",{"data":38675,"content":38676,"nodeType":866},{},[38677],{"data":38678,"marks":38679,"value":38680,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The four core components of our agentic pipeline can’t be replaced by using the same models we do, because the value is not in the models, but in the product infrastructure, product telemetry, and research expertise those models capitalize on.",{"data":38682,"content":38686,"nodeType":925},{"target":38683},{"sys":38684},{"id":38685,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7oif7PEEC3UMoTqVfRz3ZJ",[],{"data":38688,"content":38689,"nodeType":1458},{},[38690],{"data":38691,"marks":38692,"value":38693,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Component 1: The flight recorder",{"data":38695,"content":38696,"nodeType":866},{},[38697],{"data":38698,"marks":38699,"value":38700,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We deploy as a browser extension — not a separate browser, a proxy or an endpoint agent — which means we sit inside the browser session itself, seeing what the user sees. ",{"data":38702,"content":38703,"nodeType":866},{},[38704],{"data":38705,"marks":38706,"value":38707,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A component of the extension acts as a flight recorder, collecting and locally storing browser-level metadata: DOM elements, tab context, script execution, network traffic, user actions, credential entry, and more. This body of structured browser event metadata is the searchable landscape for every hunt.",{"data":38709,"content":38710,"nodeType":866},{},[38711],{"data":38712,"marks":38713,"value":38714,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That's a data source most security teams have never had access to. You can't get it from an endpoint agent, a network proxy, or a cloud access log, because it doesn't exist outside the browser session. Turns out, it matters more than the model itself: When the model has this full browser context — the DOM, redirect chains, user behavior — it can reason about what happened. When it has to start guessing at those details, it starts hallucinating.",{"data":38716,"content":38720,"nodeType":925},{"target":38717},{"sys":38718},{"id":38719,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6qs9xZvmKlVXOLVhFfMVFx",[],{"data":38722,"content":38723,"nodeType":1458},{},[38724],{"data":38725,"marks":38726,"value":38727,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Component 2: The internal knowledge base",{"data":38729,"content":38730,"nodeType":866},{},[38731],{"data":38732,"marks":38733,"value":38734,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we mentioned earlier, commercial LLMs understand web code exceedingly well. What they don’t know is which patterns in that code indicate a credential-harvesting AiTM kit versus a legitimate login page, or which redirect behavior signals an InstallFix lure versus a normal marketing funnel.",{"data":38736,"content":38737,"nodeType":866},{},[38738],{"data":38739,"marks":38740,"value":38741,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That distinction comes from our internal knowledge base — years of TTP analysis, curated libraries of traces from real phishing kits encountered in the wild, and hunt parameters refined through hundreds of investigations led by our experienced human research team. ",{"data":38743,"content":38744,"nodeType":866},{},[38745],{"data":38746,"marks":38747,"value":38748,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This knowledge base also reflects a deliberate architectural choice. ",{"data":38750,"content":38751,"nodeType":11214},{},[38752],{"data":38753,"content":38754,"nodeType":866},{},[38755,38758,38764,38767],{"data":38756,"marks":38757,"value":11196,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38759,"content":38760,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11199},[38761],{"data":38762,"marks":38763,"value":11204,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38765,"marks":38766,"value":11208,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":38768,"marks":38769,"value":11213,"nodeType":865},{},[38770],{"type":944},{"data":38772,"content":38773,"nodeType":866},{},[38774],{"data":38775,"marks":38776,"value":38777,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our knowledge base encodes behavioral patterns and TTP signatures instead, which means detections remain effective even as infrastructure rotates underneath them.",{"data":38779,"content":38780,"nodeType":866},{},[38781],{"data":38782,"marks":38783,"value":38784,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We've also learned that even high-quality security data isn’t AI-ready out of the box. 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If you fill a context window with too much data and the model loses the ability to discern signal from noise, you get something called ",{"data":38807,"marks":38808,"value":38810,"nodeType":865},{},[38809],{"type":961},"context rot",{"data":38812,"marks":38813,"value":38814,"nodeType":865},{},[],". That's been our primary engineering focus over the last quarter: not making agents objectively smarter, but keeping them focused to improve their outputs.",{"data":38816,"content":38817,"nodeType":866},{},[38818],{"data":38819,"marks":38820,"value":38821,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our solution is hierarchy. A hunting agent oversees the overall hunt — it understands the query and knows what it's looking for. It dispatches an army of analysis agents, each picking up a single result trace, the term we use for a series of events in a session or tab context. ",{"data":38823,"content":38824,"nodeType":866},{},[38825],{"data":38826,"marks":38827,"value":38828,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But even a single trace can contain thousands of events, so each analysis agent breaks it down into blocks, analyzes and summarizes each one, looks for connections between them, and then bubbles up only the interesting signal. Layer by layer, the context narrows until what reaches the top is workable.",{"data":38830,"content":38831,"nodeType":866},{},[38832],{"data":38833,"marks":38834,"value":38835,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Different agents handle hypothesis generation, query crafting, triage, deep investigation, detection authoring, and meta-analysis for quality control. We back-test detections against real data before they ship. This segmentation and hierarchy took significant trial and error — you can swap out almost any individual model in the chain, but the hierarchy itself is the thing that ultimately makes it work.",{"data":38837,"content":38838,"nodeType":866},{},[38839],{"data":38840,"marks":38841,"value":38842,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The consensus coming out of RSAC this year reinforces this approach. The industry's focus has shifted from “which model is the best?” to “how do we build reliable systems around these models?” ",{"data":38844,"content":38848,"nodeType":925},{"target":38845},{"sys":38846},{"id":38847,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4cXhgVflbtxiKs604aemSt",[],{"data":38850,"content":38851,"nodeType":1458},{},[38852],{"data":38853,"marks":38854,"value":38855,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Component 4: The response engine",{"data":38857,"content":38858,"nodeType":866},{},[38859],{"data":38860,"marks":38861,"value":38862,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, a hunt without a response you can operationalize is just a report. When our agents identify a new technique, the detection they write feeds directly into the same platform that enforces real-time controls in the browser: blocking credential entry on phishing pages, intercepting clipboard injection attacks, warning users during suspicious OAuth consent flows, etc.",{"data":38864,"content":38865,"nodeType":866},{},[38866],{"data":38867,"marks":38868,"value":38869,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detection and response share the same infrastructure, which means a new technique can go seamlessly from hunt analysis to production enforcement.",{"data":38871,"content":38875,"nodeType":925},{"target":38872},{"sys":38873},{"id":38874,"type":922,"linkType":923},"vIrkHJ4ec1I41nXeRHfT2",[],{"data":38877,"content":38878,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":38880,"content":38881,"nodeType":963},{},[38882],{"data":38883,"marks":38884,"value":38885,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Learn more about Push and how we develop new detections",{"data":38887,"content":38888,"nodeType":866},{},[38889,38893,38900],{"data":38890,"marks":38891,"value":38892,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For a deeper look at how the pipeline works in practice, including a step-by-step walkthrough of how we discovered a novel InstallFix attack targeting NotebookLM users, the two-loop detection architecture that creates a compounding effect for customers, and the emerging best practices we've identified for using AI agents in security operations, check out our companion article: ",{"data":38894,"content":38895,"nodeType":882},{"uri":38394},[38896],{"data":38897,"marks":38898,"value":38899,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Can AI replace a threat researcher? 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When Context.ai was compromised — ",{"data":41745,"content":41747,"nodeType":882},{"uri":41746},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/breaking-vercel-breach-linked-to-infostealer-infection-at-context-ai/",[41748],{"data":41749,"marks":41750,"value":41752,"nodeType":865},{},[41751],{"type":997},"allegedly the result of an infostealer infection from an employee searching for Roblox cheats",{"data":41754,"marks":41755,"value":41756,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — the attacker was able to leverage OAuth tokens stored in Context.ai’s Supabase platform to access downstream customer accounts (pointing to a heavily permissioned victim, probably a developer, possibly even a ",{"data":41758,"content":41759,"nodeType":882},{"uri":29492},[41760],{"data":41761,"marks":41762,"value":41764,"nodeType":865},{},[41763],{"type":997},"personal device with access to corp credentials",{"data":41766,"marks":41767,"value":41768,"nodeType":865},{},[],"). ",{"data":41770,"content":41771,"nodeType":866},{},[41772],{"data":41773,"marks":41774,"value":41775,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This access included a Vercel employee’s Google Workspace account. This particular user had significant access to data and secrets in Vercel’s systems, including internal dashboards, employee records, API keys, NPM tokens, and GitHub tokens, which the attacker was able to exfiltrate, holding Vercel to ransom for $2 million. ",{"data":41777,"content":41781,"nodeType":925},{"target":41778},{"sys":41779},{"id":41780,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6Ft8aSnzfYVZ7j57mYeXgQ",[],{"data":41783,"content":41784,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":41786,"content":41787,"nodeType":963},{},[41788],{"data":41789,"marks":41790,"value":41792,"nodeType":865},{},[41791],{"type":961},"How did this happen, and what could have stopped it?",{"data":41794,"content":41795,"nodeType":866},{},[41796],{"data":41797,"marks":41798,"value":41799,"nodeType":865},{},[],"From Vercel’s perspective, this attack could have been avoided had their employees been blocked from adding new OAuth integrations without admin approval (a toggle in their Google admin panel, and an essential control in a well-configured environment). Or, if the integration had been flagged in a routine audit and removed. ",{"data":41801,"content":41805,"nodeType":925},{"target":41802},{"sys":41803},{"id":41804,"type":922,"linkType":923},"b5HFvY1m6RnuXL3a95jVt",[],{"data":41807,"content":41808,"nodeType":866},{},[41809,41813,41821],{"data":41810,"marks":41811,"value":41812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It probably should have been removed, too. The particular OAuth app that was connected into the environment was a deprecated “AI Office Suite” product intended for consumer use. ",{"data":41814,"content":41816,"nodeType":882},{"uri":41815},"https://context.ai/security-update",[41817],{"data":41818,"marks":41819,"value":41820,"nodeType":865},{},[],"According to Context.ai",{"data":41822,"marks":41823,"value":41824,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Vercel aren’t even a registered customer — adding more evidence that this was probably the result of a self-service trial that was subsequently forgotten about. That consumer product has also since been replaced by an enterprise product. But for whatever reason, the access hadn’t been revoked (from either side). ",{"data":41826,"content":41827,"nodeType":866},{},[41828],{"data":41829,"marks":41830,"value":41831,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The elephant in the room is that Context.ai is an AI app. Most organizations are rightly nervous about employees adding unapproved AI SaaS into their environment. Having employees use shadow AI in the form of LLMs is one thing — users uploading sensitive data to unapproved apps or external tenants being the key concern. But OAuth grants are even more dangerous. Because if that app or vendor is compromised, the apps and accounts you’ve integrated it with are also at risk — which is what was exploited here. ",{"data":41833,"content":41834,"nodeType":1458},{},[41835],{"data":41836,"marks":41837,"value":41839,"nodeType":865},{},[41838],{"type":961},"Where’s the fault?",{"data":41841,"content":41842,"nodeType":866},{},[41843,41847,41856],{"data":41844,"marks":41845,"value":41846,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s easy to point fingers here. There are multiple control gaps and failures for both parties. Vercel should have disabled OAuth grants without admin approval, and regularly audited the connections in their environment. From a vendor's perspective, they could have also default applied a control that ",{"data":41848,"content":41850,"nodeType":882},{"uri":41849},"https://vercel.com/kb/bulletin/vercel-april-2026-security-incident",[41851],{"data":41852,"marks":41853,"value":41855,"nodeType":865},{},[41854],{"type":997},"prevents secret environment variables from being read",{"data":41857,"marks":41858,"value":41859,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — which would have significantly reduced the impact to Vercel customers from the data breach. ",{"data":41861,"content":41862,"nodeType":866},{},[41863,41867,41872],{"data":41864,"marks":41865,"value":41866,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Context.ai comes off worse. They could and should have had better separation of accounts and privileges — and if true, their users really shouldn’t be downloading Roblox scripts on devices they use for work access. It’s important to say ",{"data":41868,"marks":41869,"value":41871,"nodeType":865},{},[41870],{"type":944},"if true",{"data":41873,"marks":41874,"value":41875,"nodeType":865},{},[]," here, but the prospect of third parties accessing your environment from insecure devices that they use for gaming is the stuff of nightmares for enterprise security and compliance teams.",{"data":41877,"content":41878,"nodeType":866},{},[41879],{"data":41880,"marks":41881,"value":41882,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You definitely don’t want to be Context.ai in this scenario. The reputational harm could be pretty significant, and is a wake-up call for other SaaS vendors to check that their house is in order. But although Vercel have responded quickly and transparently to the incident, this could only really have happened as a result of technical and procedural control gaps on their end.",{"data":41884,"content":41885,"nodeType":866},{},[41886],{"data":41887,"marks":41888,"value":41889,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth taking a step back and looking at the bigger picture here — and how these issues might impact your organization too. ",{"data":41891,"content":41892,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":41894,"content":41895,"nodeType":963},{},[41896],{"data":41897,"marks":41898,"value":41900,"nodeType":865},{},[41899],{"type":961},"Shadow AI is still just shadow SaaS – but the AI scramble is a force multiplier",{"data":41902,"content":41903,"nodeType":866},{},[41904],{"data":41905,"marks":41906,"value":41907,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow IT, and in particular shadow SaaS, is not a new problem. Most organizations run heavily (or exclusively) on SaaS, accessed in the browser, with hundreds of apps per enterprise. Unmanaged, self-adopted apps have been a thorn in the side of security teams for some time. ",{"data":41909,"content":41910,"nodeType":866},{},[41911],{"data":41912,"marks":41913,"value":41914,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are essentially four kinds of shadow IT to be wary of in the context of AI apps:",{"data":41916,"content":41917,"nodeType":1049},{},[41918,41933,41948,41963],{"data":41919,"content":41920,"nodeType":1003},{},[41921],{"data":41922,"content":41923,"nodeType":866},{},[41924,41929],{"data":41925,"marks":41926,"value":41928,"nodeType":865},{},[41927],{"type":961},"Shadow apps:",{"data":41930,"marks":41931,"value":41932,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Apps that employees have signed up to and are using for business purposes without business approval. This includes apps signed up to with a corporate account or personal account. ",{"data":41934,"content":41935,"nodeType":1003},{},[41936],{"data":41937,"content":41938,"nodeType":866},{},[41939,41944],{"data":41940,"marks":41941,"value":41943,"nodeType":865},{},[41942],{"type":961},"Shadow tenants:",{"data":41945,"marks":41946,"value":41947,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Apps that employees are accessing with personal accounts, essentially creating shadow tenants outside of your organization’s control — even if you’ve approved the app itself.",{"data":41949,"content":41950,"nodeType":1003},{},[41951],{"data":41952,"content":41953,"nodeType":866},{},[41954,41959],{"data":41955,"marks":41956,"value":41958,"nodeType":865},{},[41957],{"type":961},"Shadow extensions:",{"data":41960,"marks":41961,"value":41962,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Many AI apps come with an extension counterpart, along with countless third-party extensions that are either untrustworthy or downright malicious. Browser extensions add another angle to the equation by presenting visibility beyond the application into browser activity. ",{"data":41964,"content":41965,"nodeType":1003},{},[41966],{"data":41967,"content":41968,"nodeType":866},{},[41969,41974],{"data":41970,"marks":41971,"value":41973,"nodeType":865},{},[41972],{"type":961},"Shadow integrations:",{"data":41975,"marks":41976,"value":41977,"nodeType":865},{},[]," OAuth connections across apps that aren’t known or approved. Even if an app itself is approved, plugging that app directly into your primary enterprise apps — with all the sensitive data and functionality therein — isn't necessarily also approved.  ",{"data":41979,"content":41980,"nodeType":866},{},[41981],{"data":41982,"marks":41983,"value":41984,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the Vercel case, we’re talking specifically about shadow integrations. But all of these present a key risk to your organization. ",{"data":41986,"content":41987,"nodeType":1458},{},[41988],{"data":41989,"marks":41990,"value":41992,"nodeType":865},{},[41991],{"type":961},"The web of OAuth sprawl spans way beyond Google and Microsoft ",{"data":41994,"content":41995,"nodeType":866},{},[41996,42001],{"data":41997,"marks":41998,"value":42000,"nodeType":865},{},[41999],{"type":961},"On average we see 17 unique AI app integrations per organization in Microsoft and Google alone",{"data":42002,"marks":42003,"value":42004,"nodeType":865},{},[],". If you consider that most organizations have probably approved 1 or 2 max for business use, and may have approved none at all for app-to-app OAuth connectivity, that’s quite a significant difference. ",{"data":42006,"content":42007,"nodeType":866},{},[42008],{"data":42009,"marks":42010,"value":42011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The number of connections outside of these core platforms is significantly higher. Just think how the typical AI app operates. If you want it to be able to effectively automate workflows — pull data from one app, aggregate and analyze it in another, present that information in a report, dashboard, or presentation, and then distribute it — that’s a fair few integrations in just one workflow. MCP connections use OAuth to achieve this interconnectivity in the same way as any other SaaS app.",{"data":42013,"content":42014,"nodeType":866},{},[42015],{"data":42016,"marks":42017,"value":42018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We used to talk about automation apps like Zapier as being a goldmine for attackers. Well, AI apps are on their way to being even more interconnected, more frequently used, and more flexible in terms of how attackers can abuse them. ",{"data":42020,"content":42024,"nodeType":925},{"target":42021},{"sys":42022},{"id":42023,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4FiWyVw7mpVBA5uBVJoOKL",[],{"data":42026,"content":42027,"nodeType":1458},{},[42028],{"data":42029,"marks":42030,"value":42032,"nodeType":865},{},[42031],{"type":961},"A note on OAuth configuration complexity",{"data":42034,"content":42035,"nodeType":866},{},[42036],{"data":42037,"marks":42038,"value":42039,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A common misconception is that when a regular user consents to an OAuth app (let's use Google Workspace as the example) the app only gets access to the things they can directly access. Technically that's true — the access is scoped to that user's permissions. But in practice, the blast radius is almost always bigger than people think.",{"data":42041,"content":42042,"nodeType":866},{},[42043],{"data":42044,"marks":42045,"value":42046,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The scope includes shared drives, shared calendars, documents shared with them, and any other collaborative resources. A single well-permissioned user (think: developer with access to secrets, dashboards, and internal tooling) is more than enough to cause serious damage through a single OAuth grant. ",{"data":42048,"content":42049,"nodeType":866},{},[42050],{"data":42051,"marks":42052,"value":42053,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The scopes themselves are often deceptively broad. An app requesting https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive gets full read/write access to everything the user can see in Drive — not just their personal files. And the blast radius is further contingent on the data and user permission hygiene in these broader environments. ",{"data":42055,"content":42056,"nodeType":866},{},[42057],{"data":42058,"marks":42059,"value":42060,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So if your environment hasn't got cleanly separated access and permissions for different users and groups, an attacker compromising a \"normal\" user account can end up with extensive access. You don't need tenant-wide admin access when a normal user's access already spans the crown jewels.",{"data":42062,"content":42066,"nodeType":925},{"target":42063},{"sys":42064},{"id":42065,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2t81AnAHx2On3fBynM4vVe",[],{"data":42068,"content":42069,"nodeType":1458},{},[42070],{"data":42071,"marks":42072,"value":42074,"nodeType":865},{},[42073],{"type":961},"Unsurprisingly, OAuth breaches are stacking up",{"data":42076,"content":42077,"nodeType":866},{},[42078],{"data":42079,"marks":42080,"value":42081,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Widespread OAuth interconnectedness isn’t just an AI app problem. Attackers have been exploiting this for some time:",{"data":42083,"content":42084,"nodeType":1049},{},[42085,42131],{"data":42086,"content":42087,"nodeType":1003},{},[42088],{"data":42089,"content":42090,"nodeType":866},{},[42091,42095,42102,42106,42114,42118,42127],{"data":42092,"marks":42093,"value":42094,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In 2025, ",{"data":42096,"content":42097,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8759},[42098],{"data":42099,"marks":42100,"value":16561,"nodeType":865},{},[42101],{"type":997},{"data":42103,"marks":42104,"value":42105,"nodeType":865},{},[]," launched OAuth-driven supply chain attacks against Salesforce and Google Workspace tenants after breaching Salesloft (specifically the ",{"data":42107,"content":42108,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27493},[42109],{"data":42110,"marks":42111,"value":42113,"nodeType":865},{},[42112],{"type":997},"Salesloft Drift",{"data":42115,"marks":42116,"value":42117,"nodeType":865},{},[]," platform) and ",{"data":42119,"content":42121,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42120},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/salesforce-investigates-customer-data-theft-via-gainsight-breach/",[42122],{"data":42123,"marks":42124,"value":42126,"nodeType":865},{},[42125],{"type":997},"Gainsight",{"data":42128,"marks":42129,"value":42130,"nodeType":865},{},[],". In total, over 1000 organizations were impacted, including Google, Cloudflare, Rubrik, Elastic, Proofpoint, JFrog, Zscaler, Tenable, Palo Alto Networks, CyberArk, BeyondTrust, Qualys, and many more, with over 1.5B records stolen. ",{"data":42132,"content":42133,"nodeType":1003},{},[42134],{"data":42135,"content":42136,"nodeType":866},{},[42137,42141,42150,42154,42163],{"data":42138,"marks":42139,"value":42140,"nodeType":865},{},[],"More recently, Snowflake customers were impacted after a ",{"data":42142,"content":42144,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42143},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/snowflake-customers-hit-in-data-theft-attacks-after-saas-integrator-breach/",[42145],{"data":42146,"marks":42147,"value":42149,"nodeType":865},{},[42148],{"type":997},"breach at data anomaly detection company Anodot",{"data":42151,"marks":42152,"value":42153,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where the attacker attempted to leverage the stolen authentication tokens to access Salesforce data, with ",{"data":42155,"content":42157,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42156},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/stolen-rockstar-games-analytics-data-leaked-by-extortion-gang/",[42158],{"data":42159,"marks":42160,"value":42162,"nodeType":865},{},[42161],{"type":997},"Rockstar",{"data":42164,"marks":42165,"value":42166,"nodeType":865},{},[]," a high-profile victim of the breach (again linked to Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters). ",{"data":42168,"content":42172,"nodeType":925},{"target":42169},{"sys":42170},{"id":42171,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3oqoL9L3fxetFcIhnfQhMQ",[],{"data":42174,"content":42175,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":42177,"content":42178,"nodeType":963},{},[42179],{"data":42180,"marks":42181,"value":42183,"nodeType":865},{},[42182],{"type":961},"Infostealers continue to drive corporate breaches",{"data":42185,"content":42186,"nodeType":866},{},[42187],{"data":42188,"marks":42189,"value":42190,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While unverified, Hudson Rock’s case for an infostealer breach being the root cause of the Context.ai breach seems believable. Infostealer infections have been one of the leading security threats for some time, fuelling breaches powered by stolen credentials and session tokens.",{"data":42192,"content":42193,"nodeType":866},{},[42194,42198,42203],{"data":42195,"marks":42196,"value":42197,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With the assumed rise in MFA coverage, it’s often surprising to security teams that stolen credentials are still a problem. ",{"data":42199,"marks":42200,"value":42202,"nodeType":865},{},[42201],{"type":961},"But of the last million logins we saw, 1 in 4 were password logins (not SSO), 2 in 5 were not protected by MFA, and 1 in 5 used a weak, breached, or reused password. ",{"data":42204,"marks":42205,"value":42206,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Plenty of scope for abuse. ",{"data":42208,"content":42209,"nodeType":866},{},[42210],{"data":42211,"marks":42212,"value":42213,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen session tokens are even more valuable to attackers, enabling them to bypass authentication controls by replaying the token in their own browser. In theory, they should only be valid for a limited timeframe, but in practice this can be as many as 90 days, and sometimes indefinite. ",{"data":42215,"content":42216,"nodeType":866},{},[42217],{"data":42218,"marks":42219,"value":42220,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this case, it seems likely that the compromised device was a developer machine (given the access to Supabase), or potentially even a personal device (given they were installing Roblox cheats…). This is relevant because these personal, developer, and BYOD machines are often less secure — developer machines are often exempt from EDR monitoring or significantly tuned-down (too noisy), while personal devices naturally lack enterprise security software.",{"data":42222,"content":42226,"nodeType":925},{"target":42223},{"sys":42224},{"id":42225,"type":922,"linkType":923},"139oaGgwRKZbwJzyex9LA5",[],{"data":42228,"content":42229,"nodeType":866},{},[42230,42234,42242],{"data":42231,"marks":42232,"value":42233,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve also seen an uptick in developer-oriented phishing and malvertising campaigns. The ",{"data":42235,"content":42236,"nodeType":882},{"uri":11342},[42237],{"data":42238,"marks":42239,"value":42241,"nodeType":865},{},[42240],{"type":997},"InstallFix campaign",{"data":42243,"marks":42244,"value":42245,"nodeType":865},{},[]," we identified, intercepting users as they attempt to install AI tools like Claude Code and NotebookLM, is an example of this — and also another way that attackers are capitalizing on AI hype. ",{"data":42247,"content":42248,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":42250,"content":42251,"nodeType":963},{},[42252],{"data":42253,"marks":42254,"value":14438,"nodeType":865},{},[42255],{"type":961},{"data":42257,"content":42258,"nodeType":866},{},[42259],{"data":42260,"marks":42261,"value":42262,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are some immediate next steps that we’ll quickly summarize here, as they've already been covered in wider reporting. If you’re a Vercel customer, you should urgently rotate every credential stored as a non-sensitive variable that could have been exposed, enable the sensitive variable feature toggle, and monitor your account for anomalous activity. And if you’re using the specific Context.ai integration, you need to revoke it ASAP and begin a full audit of the connected accounts, both inside Workspace and broader connected apps (this isn’t that easy, as we’ll highlight in a moment). ",{"data":42264,"content":42268,"nodeType":925},{"target":42265},{"sys":42266},{"id":42267,"type":922,"linkType":923},"76HViirkH2R4QAzWg605sv",[],{"data":42270,"content":42271,"nodeType":866},{},[42272,42276,42284],{"data":42273,"marks":42274,"value":42275,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Taking a step back, organizations really need to get their arms around OAuth integrations in their environment. A default-deny approach to allowing users to consent to new integrations, and routinely auditing the ones already in your environment to ensure they’re still definitely required, is essential. Each integration expands your attack surface and could potentially grant an attacker extensive access to your environment. This default-deny approach isn't exactly a new concept for security teams and is the same in principle as what we recently advised for ",{"data":42277,"content":42278,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18327},[42279],{"data":42280,"marks":42281,"value":42283,"nodeType":865},{},[42282],{"type":997},"browser extension management",{"data":42285,"marks":42286,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42288,"content":42289,"nodeType":866},{},[42290],{"data":42291,"marks":42292,"value":42293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is fairly straightforward in your main enterprise cloud environment (think M365 or Google Workspace). But doing it across every SaaS app that allows some level of OAuth integration with another (i.e. every SaaS app) is somewhat harder. Not only do you need to have a comprehensive and up-to-date inventory, you need to be an app admin for every app (not always the case for self-adopted apps) and the particular app needs to give you the control to restrict and remove OAuth grants on behalf of users in your tenant. ",{"data":42295,"content":42296,"nodeType":866},{},[42297],{"data":42298,"marks":42299,"value":42300,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Again, this is not exclusively a Shadow AI problem, even if AI adoption is contributing significantly to the sprawl. ",{"data":42302,"content":42306,"nodeType":925},{"target":42303},{"sys":42304},{"id":42305,"type":922,"linkType":923},"XKKHUiz56G82uwYhbv2Qv",[],{"data":42308,"content":42309,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":42311,"content":42312,"nodeType":963},{},[42313],{"data":42314,"marks":42315,"value":3604,"nodeType":865},{},[42316],{"type":961},{"data":42318,"content":42319,"nodeType":866},{},[42320],{"data":42321,"marks":42322,"value":42323,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we’ve established, there are quite a few pieces to this puzzle. Push can help with all of them. ",{"data":42325,"content":42326,"nodeType":866},{},[42327],{"data":42328,"marks":42329,"value":42330,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push observes every app login your employees make in their browser, building a comprehensive picture of SaaS and AI use across your organization. This includes how they’re logging in and how secure the login is: did it have MFA, what kind of MFA, was it using a weak or compromised password, did they use SSO, and so on. ",{"data":42332,"content":42336,"nodeType":925},{"target":42333},{"sys":42334},{"id":42335,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2B205bUaLm6vG8mIQ0rJvA",[],{"data":42338,"content":42339,"nodeType":866},{},[42340],{"data":42341,"marks":42342,"value":42343,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push also tracks OAuth integrations in your environment and gives you the ability to manage and remove them in core environments like M365 and Google Workspace, providing a single platform for you to view, manage, and secure app use across your organization. ",{"data":42345,"content":42349,"nodeType":925},{"target":42346},{"sys":42347},{"id":42348,"type":922,"linkType":923},"eEbdBUfyzZsdIOjFOXHpM",[],{"data":42351,"content":42355,"nodeType":925},{"target":42352},{"sys":42353},{"id":42354,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1MTFxfROuGKxnkHQwWHe8K",[],{"data":42357,"content":42358,"nodeType":866},{},[42359,42363,42368,42372,42377],{"data":42360,"marks":42361,"value":42362,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This makes it easy to surface both vulnerabilities and possible control gaps, and do something about them. But where Push really excels is in the ability to observe and block OAuth connection requests ",{"data":42364,"marks":42365,"value":42367,"nodeType":865},{},[42366],{"type":961},"even outside of your primary enterprise apps.",{"data":42369,"marks":42370,"value":42371,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Using Push, you can detect and block OAuth integration requests as they traverse the browser. This ",{"data":42373,"marks":42374,"value":42376,"nodeType":865},{},[42375],{"type":961},"app-agnostic",{"data":42378,"marks":42379,"value":42380,"nodeType":865},{},[]," level of control is absolutely critical to halting OAuth integration sprawl. ",{"data":42382,"content":42386,"nodeType":925},{"target":42383},{"sys":42384},{"id":42385,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2VZ4uw6MXslXME2ueydGuT",[],{"data":42388,"content":42389,"nodeType":1458},{},[42390,42394],{"data":42391,"marks":42392,"value":42393,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And t",{"data":42395,"marks":42396,"value":42398,"nodeType":865},{},[42397],{"type":961},"hat’s not all …",{"data":42400,"content":42401,"nodeType":866},{},[42402],{"data":42403,"marks":42404,"value":42405,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform also detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, device code phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking in real time. This includes the most prominent infostealer delivery vectors in terms of malvertising and *Fix-style attacks. Push analyzes every web page in every browser session and tab for threats, in real time, with no latency. ",{"data":42407,"content":42408,"nodeType":866},{},[42409],{"data":42410,"marks":42411,"value":42412,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But as we've established, you don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":42414,"content":42415,"nodeType":866},{},[42416,42419,42425,42428,42435,42438,42444],{"data":42417,"marks":42418,"value":21425,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42420,"content":42421,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21428},[42422],{"data":42423,"marks":42424,"value":21434,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42426,"marks":42427,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42429,"content":42430,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21440},[42431],{"data":42432,"marks":42433,"value":21446,"nodeType":865},{},[42434],{"type":997},{"data":42436,"marks":42437,"value":21450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42439,"content":42440,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[42441],{"data":42442,"marks":42443,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42445,"marks":42446,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unpacking the Vercel breach: A cautionary tale for Shadow AI and OAuth sprawl","In April 2026, Vercel was compromised via an OAuth app integrated into their Google Workspace tenant stemming from a compromised third-party AI SaaS provider.","2026-04-23T00:00:00.000Z","unpacking-the-vercel-breach",{"items":42452},[42453,42455],{"sys":42454,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":42456,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":42458},[42459],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":42460},{"url":11434},{"__typename":1788,"sys":42462,"content":42464,"title":43366,"synopsis":43367,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":43368,"slug":43369,"tagsCollection":43370,"authorsCollection":43376},{"id":42463},"10hUzI9iiY8fFtmlA0M9Ne",{"json":42465},{"data":42466,"content":42467,"nodeType":1739},{},[42468,42475,42481,42500,42503,42511,42518,42525,42528,42536,42543,42714,42721,42728,42731,42739,42746,42753,42760,42767,42770,42778,42797,42804,42812,42819,42964,42982,42990,42997,43132,43151,43157,43160,43168,43175,43182,43189,43192,43200,43240,43271,43278,43284,43287,43294,43301,43308,43315,43318,43326,43333],{"data":42469,"content":42470,"nodeType":866},{},[42471],{"data":42472,"marks":42473,"value":42474,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the morning of March 11, employees at Stryker Corporation offices across 79 countries turned on their laptops and found them wiped and unusable. Personal phones enrolled in the company's BYOD program had been factory reset overnight, taking photos, banking apps, and authenticator tokens with them. Login pages had also been defaced with the logo of Handala, a persona operated by Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS).",{"data":42476,"content":42480,"nodeType":925},{"target":42477},{"sys":42478},{"id":42479,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6JtlGFq0RDoW9g6zyAcPvn",[],{"data":42482,"content":42483,"nodeType":866},{},[42484,42488,42496],{"data":42485,"marks":42486,"value":42487,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In a break from the standard Handala playbook, there was no ransomware, no malware, and no exploit chain. The attacker ",{"data":42489,"content":42491,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42490},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/stryker-attack-wiped-tens-of-thousands-of-devices-no-malware-needed/",[42492],{"data":42493,"marks":42494,"value":42495,"nodeType":865},{},[],"simply logged into Microsoft Intune",{"data":42497,"marks":42498,"value":42499,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with compromised Global Administrator credentials, abused a legitimate feature, and wiped over 80,000 systems, servers, and mobile devices.",{"data":42501,"content":42502,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":42504,"content":42505,"nodeType":963},{},[42506],{"data":42507,"marks":42508,"value":42510,"nodeType":865},{},[42509],{"type":961},"What a Handala attack was supposed to look like",{"data":42512,"content":42513,"nodeType":866},{},[42514],{"data":42515,"marks":42516,"value":42517,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Handala has a reputation for being a manual, hands-on intrusion team whose TTPs have typically included VPN credential brute-force for initial access (hundreds of logon attempts from commercial VPN nodes), supply chain compromise via managed service providers, RDP as the primary lateral movement method, ADRecon for Active Directory enumeration, LSASS credential dumping via comsvcs.dll, and GPO logon scripts for wiper distribution.",{"data":42519,"content":42520,"nodeType":866},{},[42521],{"data":42522,"marks":42523,"value":42524,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you had invested in detection logic around Handala's documented toolkit (BiBi Wiper file extensions, Cl Wiper's EldoS RawDisk driver calls, No-Justice partition table manipulation, Karma Shell's Base64-with-XOR web shell patterns) none of it would have fired. Wiper malware signatures, web shell indicators, RawDisk driver loading, MBR/GPT manipulation, SharePoint exploitation patterns, anomalous RDP/SMB lateral movement: all reasonable detection priorities given the group's threat intelligence profile, but all irrelevant when it mattered most.",{"data":42526,"content":42527,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":42529,"content":42530,"nodeType":963},{},[42531],{"data":42532,"marks":42533,"value":42535,"nodeType":865},{},[42534],{"type":961},"What Handala actually did",{"data":42537,"content":42538,"nodeType":866},{},[42539],{"data":42540,"marks":42541,"value":42542,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Stryker attack departs from the documented baseline across the kill chain.",{"data":42544,"content":42545,"nodeType":2396},{},[42546,42582,42615,42648,42681],{"data":42547,"content":42548,"nodeType":1869},{},[42549,42560,42571],{"data":42550,"content":42551,"nodeType":13791},{},[42552],{"data":42553,"content":42554,"nodeType":866},{},[42555],{"data":42556,"marks":42557,"value":42559,"nodeType":865},{},[42558],{"type":961},"Kill chain phase",{"data":42561,"content":42562,"nodeType":13791},{},[42563],{"data":42564,"content":42565,"nodeType":866},{},[42566],{"data":42567,"marks":42568,"value":42570,"nodeType":865},{},[42569],{"type":961},"Historical TTP",{"data":42572,"content":42573,"nodeType":13791},{},[42574],{"data":42575,"content":42576,"nodeType":866},{},[42577],{"data":42578,"marks":42579,"value":42581,"nodeType":865},{},[42580],{"type":961},"Stryker TTP",{"data":42583,"content":42584,"nodeType":1869},{},[42585,42595,42605],{"data":42586,"content":42587,"nodeType":1835},{},[42588],{"data":42589,"content":42590,"nodeType":866},{},[42591],{"data":42592,"marks":42593,"value":42594,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Initial access",{"data":42596,"content":42597,"nodeType":1835},{},[42598],{"data":42599,"content":42600,"nodeType":866},{},[42601],{"data":42602,"marks":42603,"value":42604,"nodeType":865},{},[],"VPN credential brute-force, supply chain compromise of managed service providers and IT vendors, spearphishing with wiper delivery, exploitation of SharePoint and Windows server vulnerabilities",{"data":42606,"content":42607,"nodeType":1835},{},[42608],{"data":42609,"content":42610,"nodeType":866},{},[42611],{"data":42612,"marks":42613,"value":42614,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity compromise targeting Microsoft Entra ID",{"data":42616,"content":42617,"nodeType":1869},{},[42618,42628,42638],{"data":42619,"content":42620,"nodeType":1835},{},[42621],{"data":42622,"content":42623,"nodeType":866},{},[42624],{"data":42625,"marks":42626,"value":42627,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Persistence",{"data":42629,"content":42630,"nodeType":1835},{},[42631],{"data":42632,"content":42633,"nodeType":866},{},[42634],{"data":42635,"marks":42636,"value":42637,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Web shells (Karma Shell, reGeorg)",{"data":42639,"content":42640,"nodeType":1835},{},[42641],{"data":42642,"content":42643,"nodeType":866},{},[42644],{"data":42645,"marks":42646,"value":42647,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Global Administrator access to cloud tenant, no persistence mechanism needed",{"data":42649,"content":42650,"nodeType":1869},{},[42651,42661,42671],{"data":42652,"content":42653,"nodeType":1835},{},[42654],{"data":42655,"content":42656,"nodeType":866},{},[42657],{"data":42658,"marks":42659,"value":42660,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Lateral movement",{"data":42662,"content":42663,"nodeType":1835},{},[42664],{"data":42665,"content":42666,"nodeType":866},{},[42667],{"data":42668,"marks":42669,"value":42670,"nodeType":865},{},[],"RDP, SMB, FTP, Mimikatz",{"data":42672,"content":42673,"nodeType":1835},{},[42674],{"data":42675,"content":42676,"nodeType":866},{},[42677],{"data":42678,"marks":42679,"value":42680,"nodeType":865},{},[],"None required, Intune console provides global reach from a single session",{"data":42682,"content":42683,"nodeType":1869},{},[42684,42694,42704],{"data":42685,"content":42686,"nodeType":1835},{},[42687],{"data":42688,"content":42689,"nodeType":866},{},[42690],{"data":42691,"marks":42692,"value":42693,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Impact",{"data":42695,"content":42696,"nodeType":1835},{},[42697],{"data":42698,"content":42699,"nodeType":866},{},[42700],{"data":42701,"marks":42702,"value":42703,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Custom wiper malware (BiBi, Cl Wiper, No-Justice, Hatef)",{"data":42705,"content":42706,"nodeType":1835},{},[42707],{"data":42708,"content":42709,"nodeType":866},{},[42710],{"data":42711,"marks":42712,"value":42713,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Microsoft Intune Remote Wipe, a legitimate built-in administrative feature",{"data":42715,"content":42716,"nodeType":866},{},[42717],{"data":42718,"marks":42719,"value":42720,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An organization with detections built around malware signatures, file system manipulation, and anomalous process execution would be unprepared for an attack with zero malware artifacts, where every action was a legitimate administrative command.",{"data":42722,"content":42723,"nodeType":866},{},[42724],{"data":42725,"marks":42726,"value":42727,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But while the methods were different, the core objective — mass destruction of data — is entirely consistent with previous campaigns, just through a legitimate management plane rather than custom malware.",{"data":42729,"content":42730,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":42732,"content":42733,"nodeType":963},{},[42734],{"data":42735,"marks":42736,"value":42738,"nodeType":865},{},[42737],{"type":961},"The kill chain looks different now",{"data":42740,"content":42741,"nodeType":866},{},[42742],{"data":42743,"marks":42744,"value":42745,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack path was devastatingly simple. It didn't require lateral movement because there was nothing to move laterally through. It didn't require privilege escalation because they directly compromised a global administrator account. Every device managed by Intune was already within reach.",{"data":42747,"content":42748,"nodeType":866},{},[42749],{"data":42750,"marks":42751,"value":42752,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The traditional network-centric kill chain collapses into: compromise identity, access management plane, execute objective.",{"data":42754,"content":42755,"nodeType":866},{},[42756],{"data":42757,"marks":42758,"value":42759,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is not specific to Iran-aligned actors. Russian groups are leveraging AITM phishing kits and abusing Microsoft 365 OAuth tokens via consent attacks. Scattered Spider built an operational model around social engineering and SSO account takeover. And now Handala has demonstrated that a nation-state destructive operation can be executed entirely by abusing legitimate enterprise tooling.",{"data":42761,"content":42762,"nodeType":866},{},[42763],{"data":42764,"marks":42765,"value":42766,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This kind of attack is more direct, faster to execute, and carries a significantly lower barrier to entry. You don't need custom malware and exploit development when you can log in using as-a-Service kits or partner with an access brokering specialist.",{"data":42768,"content":42769,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":42771,"content":42772,"nodeType":963},{},[42773],{"data":42774,"marks":42775,"value":42777,"nodeType":865},{},[42776],{"type":961},"The big picture of Iranian cyber TTPs",{"data":42779,"content":42780,"nodeType":866},{},[42781,42785,42793],{"data":42782,"marks":42783,"value":42784,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Iran's offensive cyber capability is split between two rival intelligence bureaucracies. The Ministry of Intelligence and Security (MOIS) runs groups like APT34, MuddyWater, Scarred Manticore, and Void Manticore (Handala), which tend toward long-dwell espionage and coordinated destructive operations, often using a ",{"data":42786,"content":42788,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42787},"https://research.checkpoint.com/2024/bad-karma-no-justice-void-manticore-destructive-activities-in-israel/",[42789],{"data":42790,"marks":42791,"value":42792,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documented dual-actor handoff model",{"data":42794,"marks":42795,"value":42796,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where Scarred Manticore conducts stealthy espionage before handing targets to Void Manticore (Handala) for destruction.",{"data":42798,"content":42799,"nodeType":866},{},[42800],{"data":42801,"marks":42802,"value":42803,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) runs a wider set of groups, including APT33/Peach Sandstorm, APT35/Charming Kitten, APT42, Tortoiseshell/Imperial Kitten, Cotton Sandstorm, and CyberAv3ngers. IRGC groups cover espionage, destructive attacks, influence operations, election interference, ICS targeting across U.S. water and wastewater facilities), and individual surveillance.",{"data":42805,"content":42806,"nodeType":1458},{},[42807],{"data":42808,"marks":42809,"value":42811,"nodeType":865},{},[42810],{"type":961},"IRGC groups have already shifted to identity-first TTPs",{"data":42813,"content":42814,"nodeType":866},{},[42815],{"data":42816,"marks":42817,"value":42818,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the IRGC side, the shift toward identity-centric operations is well-documented:",{"data":42820,"content":42821,"nodeType":1049},{},[42822,42873,42911,42938],{"data":42823,"content":42824,"nodeType":1003},{},[42825],{"data":42826,"content":42827,"nodeType":866},{},[42828,42833,42837,42845,42849,42857,42861,42869],{"data":42829,"marks":42830,"value":42832,"nodeType":865},{},[42831],{"type":961},"APT33/Peach Sandstorm",{"data":42834,"marks":42835,"value":42836,"nodeType":865},{},[]," shifted decisively toward credential-based initial access starting in early 2023, with Microsoft ",{"data":42838,"content":42840,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42839},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/09/14/peach-sandstorm-password-spray-campaigns-enable-intelligence-collection-at-high-value-targets/",[42841],{"data":42842,"marks":42843,"value":42844,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documenting",{"data":42846,"marks":42847,"value":42848,"nodeType":865},{},[]," large-scale password spray campaigns targeting thousands of organizations, ",{"data":42850,"content":42852,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42851},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/iranian-hackers-breach-defense-orgs-in-password-spray-attacks/",[42853],{"data":42854,"marks":42855,"value":42856,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Golden SAML",{"data":42858,"marks":42859,"value":42860,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks for persistent cloud access, and the use of ",{"data":42862,"content":42864,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42863},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2024/08/28/peach-sandstorm-deploys-new-custom-tickler-malware-in-long-running-intelligence-gathering-operations/",[42865],{"data":42866,"marks":42867,"value":42868,"nodeType":865},{},[],"fraudulent Azure subscriptions",{"data":42870,"marks":42871,"value":42872,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for C2 infrastructure.",{"data":42874,"content":42875,"nodeType":1003},{},[42876],{"data":42877,"content":42878,"nodeType":866},{},[42879,42884,42887,42895,42899,42907],{"data":42880,"marks":42881,"value":42883,"nodeType":865},{},[42882],{"type":961},"APT42",{"data":42885,"marks":42886,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42888,"content":42890,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42889},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/untangling-iran-apt42-operations",[42891],{"data":42892,"marks":42893,"value":42894,"nodeType":865},{},[],"assessed by Mandiant to operate on behalf of the IRGC-IO, ",{"data":42896,"marks":42897,"value":42898,"nodeType":865},{},[],"has made credential harvesting and MFA bypass its core competency, operating almost entirely within cloud environments post-compromise and ",{"data":42900,"content":42902,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42901},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/apt42-charms-cons-compromises",[42903],{"data":42904,"marks":42905,"value":42906,"nodeType":865},{},[],"registering its own Microsoft Authenticator",{"data":42908,"marks":42909,"value":42910,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on compromised accounts for persistent access.",{"data":42912,"content":42913,"nodeType":1003},{},[42914],{"data":42915,"content":42916,"nodeType":866},{},[42917,42922,42926,42934],{"data":42918,"marks":42919,"value":42921,"nodeType":865},{},[42920],{"type":961},"APT35",{"data":42923,"marks":42924,"value":42925,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (aka Imperial Kitten/Tortoiseshell) was observed ",{"data":42927,"content":42929,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42928},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report?utm_medium=org",[42930],{"data":42931,"marks":42932,"value":42933,"nodeType":865},{},[],"targeting cloud identities in November 2025",{"data":42935,"marks":42936,"value":42937,"nodeType":865},{},[],", deploying the Evilginx2 AitM toolkit against Microsoft 365 users in Israel.",{"data":42939,"content":42940,"nodeType":1003},{},[42941],{"data":42942,"content":42943,"nodeType":866},{},[42944,42949,42953,42960],{"data":42945,"marks":42946,"value":42948,"nodeType":865},{},[42947],{"type":961},"CrustyKrill",{"data":42950,"marks":42951,"value":42952,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (TA455/Smoke Sandstorm) ",{"data":42954,"content":42955,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42928},[42956],{"data":42957,"marks":42958,"value":42959,"nodeType":865},{},[],"uses fake Google Meet and Microsoft Teams pages",{"data":42961,"marks":42962,"value":42963,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with a live operator intercepting 2FA codes in real time, alongside Azure Web Apps for C2.",{"data":42965,"content":42966,"nodeType":866},{},[42967,42970,42978],{"data":42968,"marks":42969,"value":5221,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":42971,"content":42973,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42972},"https://media.defense.gov/2024/Oct/16/2003565317/-1/-1/0/CSA-IRAN-CYBER-BRUTE-FORCE-CRITICAL-INFRASTRUCTURE-ORGS.PDF",[42974],{"data":42975,"marks":42976,"value":42977,"nodeType":865},{},[],"joint advisory from six nations",{"data":42979,"marks":42980,"value":42981,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (FBI, CISA, NSA, CSE, AFP, ASD, advisory AA24-290A, October 2024) confirmed the pattern at the government level, documenting Iranian actors using brute force, password spraying, and MFA push bombing to compromise critical infrastructure accounts since October 2023, and assessing that the actors sell this access on cybercriminal forums.",{"data":42983,"content":42984,"nodeType":1458},{},[42985],{"data":42986,"marks":42987,"value":42989,"nodeType":865},{},[42988],{"type":961},"MOIS groups are changing their approach too",{"data":42991,"content":42992,"nodeType":866},{},[42993],{"data":42994,"marks":42995,"value":42996,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the MOIS side, the documented TTP baseline has historically centred on custom malware, network-level persistence, and exploitation of on-premises infrastructure. But identity compromise, particularly credential theft, has been a consistent thread across broader MOIS groups too:",{"data":42998,"content":42999,"nodeType":1049},{},[43000,43039,43066,43117],{"data":43001,"content":43002,"nodeType":1003},{},[43003],{"data":43004,"content":43005,"nodeType":866},{},[43006,43011,43015,43023,43027,43035],{"data":43007,"marks":43008,"value":43010,"nodeType":865},{},[43009],{"type":961},"APT34 (OilRig) ",{"data":43012,"marks":43013,"value":43014,"nodeType":865},{},[],"built its reputation on DNS tunnelling and custom backdoors, but its initial access methods include spearphishing and fake VPN portals for credential harvesting. Its 2024 campaigns introduced ",{"data":43016,"content":43018,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43017},"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/j/earth-simnavaz-cyberattacks.html",[43019],{"data":43020,"marks":43021,"value":43022,"nodeType":865},{},[],"password filter DLLs",{"data":43024,"marks":43025,"value":43026,"nodeType":865},{},[]," registered at the domain controller level to intercept plaintext credentials during password change events, with the ",{"data":43028,"content":43030,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43029},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/oilrig-hackers-now-exploit-windows-flaw-to-elevate-privileges/",[43031],{"data":43032,"marks":43033,"value":43034,"nodeType":865},{},[],"STEALHOOK backdoor",{"data":43036,"marks":43037,"value":43038,"nodeType":865},{},[]," exfiltrating stolen domain credentials via compromised Exchange servers. Cloud-based downloaders leveraging OneDrive and Microsoft Graph API were active against Israeli targets from 2022 to 2024.",{"data":43040,"content":43041,"nodeType":1003},{},[43042],{"data":43043,"content":43044,"nodeType":866},{},[43045,43050,43054,43062],{"data":43046,"marks":43047,"value":43049,"nodeType":865},{},[43048],{"type":961},"APT39 (Chafer) ",{"data":43051,"marks":43052,"value":43053,"nodeType":865},{},[],"operated through the ",{"data":43055,"content":43057,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43056},"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm1127",[43058],{"data":43059,"marks":43060,"value":43061,"nodeType":865},{},[],"sanctioned front company Rana Intelligence Computing",{"data":43063,"marks":43064,"value":43065,"nodeType":865},{},[],", focuses on surveillance and tracking of individuals, using credential harvesting through spoofed airline and telecom domains across 30+ countries.",{"data":43067,"content":43068,"nodeType":1003},{},[43069],{"data":43070,"content":43071,"nodeType":866},{},[43072,43077,43081,43089,43093,43101,43105,43113],{"data":43073,"marks":43074,"value":43076,"nodeType":865},{},[43075],{"type":961},"MuddyWater",{"data":43078,"marks":43079,"value":43080,"nodeType":865},{},[],", confirmed by a ",{"data":43082,"content":43084,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43083},"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-055a",[43085],{"data":43086,"marks":43087,"value":43088,"nodeType":865},{},[],"joint CISA/FBI/NSA/NCSC advisory",{"data":43090,"marks":43091,"value":43092,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as a subordinate element of MOIS, functions as an initial access broker within the ecosystem. Its operations rely on spearphishing and abuse of legitimate RMM tools, but the group has developed ",{"data":43094,"content":43096,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43095},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/iran-linked-hackers-hits-israeli_2.html",[43097],{"data":43098,"marks":43099,"value":43100,"nodeType":865},{},[],"dedicated credential stealers",{"data":43102,"marks":43103,"value":43104,"nodeType":865},{},[]," including CE-Notes (which bypasses Chrome's app-bound encryption), Blub (a multi-browser credential extractor), and LP-Notes (fake Windows Security dialogs to capture system credentials). A parallel campaign documented by ",{"data":43106,"content":43108,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43107},"https://www.group-ib.com/blog/muddywater-espionage/",[43109],{"data":43110,"marks":43111,"value":43112,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Group-IB",{"data":43114,"marks":43115,"value":43116,"nodeType":865},{},[]," found the group deploying a custom Chromium credential stealer alongside its Phoenix backdoor.",{"data":43118,"content":43119,"nodeType":1003},{},[43120],{"data":43121,"content":43122,"nodeType":866},{},[43123,43128],{"data":43124,"marks":43125,"value":43127,"nodeType":865},{},[43126],{"type":961},"Lyceum (Hexane)",{"data":43129,"marks":43130,"value":43131,"nodeType":865},{},[]," overlaps operationally with APT34 and uses password spraying and brute-force attacks for initial access, and notably probed Albanian government infrastructure ahead of Handala destructive attacks in 2022, illustrating the collaborative model across MOIS groups.",{"data":43133,"content":43134,"nodeType":866},{},[43135,43139,43147],{"data":43136,"marks":43137,"value":43138,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check Point has also ",{"data":43140,"content":43142,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43141},"https://research.checkpoint.com/2026/iranian-mois-actors-the-cyber-crime-connection/",[43143],{"data":43144,"marks":43145,"value":43146,"nodeType":865},{},[],"documented",{"data":43148,"marks":43149,"value":43150,"nodeType":865},{},[]," a broader pattern of MOIS actors engaging directly with the criminal ecosystem, including Handala's adoption of the Rhadamanthys commercial infostealer and Iranian-affiliated operators working through the Qilin ransomware-as-a-service infrastructure.",{"data":43152,"content":43156,"nodeType":925},{"target":43153},{"sys":43154},{"id":43155,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2SFtROFuPZ4SPTL87Vpjr9",[],{"data":43158,"content":43159,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":43161,"content":43162,"nodeType":963},{},[43163],{"data":43164,"marks":43165,"value":43167,"nodeType":865},{},[43166],{"type":961},"The problem with over-indexing on TTPs",{"data":43169,"content":43170,"nodeType":866},{},[43171],{"data":43172,"marks":43173,"value":43174,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Threat intelligence has real value. Attributing campaigns to named groups, mapping their techniques to MITRE ATT&CK, and generating detection rules gives defenders a meaningful starting point. The problem is treating a specific actor's historical TTP catalogue as the primary basis for detection logic, rather than combining it with the broader trends in attacker behaviour visible across the entire landscape.",{"data":43176,"content":43177,"nodeType":866},{},[43178],{"data":43179,"marks":43180,"value":43181,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Operators are creative and pragmatic. If the path of least resistance is a compromised admin credential and a legitimate MDM feature, no serious attacker is going to deploy custom wiper malware instead because that's what they used last time.",{"data":43183,"content":43184,"nodeType":866},{},[43185],{"data":43186,"marks":43187,"value":43188,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If your threat model says you're a plausible target for an Iranian threat group, and the trend data tells you that identity compromise is the most common initial access method across all actors, the rational response is to evaluate your controls aligned to identity-based initial access, not just deploy signatures for BiBi Wiper. When the specific actor profile crowds out the general trend data, you end up building defences against the last attack and leaving yourself exposed to the shift that every actor is going through.",{"data":43190,"content":43191,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":43193,"content":43194,"nodeType":963},{},[43195],{"data":43196,"marks":43197,"value":43199,"nodeType":865},{},[43198],{"type":961},"Evaluating the security guidance",{"data":43201,"content":43202,"nodeType":866},{},[43203,43207,43215,43219,43227,43231,43236],{"data":43204,"marks":43205,"value":43206,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the wake of the breach, industry guidance has settled around enforcing phishing-resistant MFA on privileged accounts, implementing just-in-time privilege activation via ",{"data":43208,"content":43210,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43209},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/id-governance/privileged-identity-management/pim-configure",[43211],{"data":43212,"marks":43213,"value":43214,"nodeType":865},{},[],"PIM",{"data":43216,"marks":43217,"value":43218,"nodeType":865},{},[],", enabling ",{"data":43220,"content":43222,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43221},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/intune/intune-service/fundamentals/multi-admin-approval",[43223],{"data":43224,"marks":43225,"value":43226,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Multi Admin Approval ",{"data":43228,"marks":43229,"value":43230,"nodeType":865},{},[],"for high-risk Intune operations, configuring anomaly alerting on bulk device actions, and segregating administrative identities from everyday user accounts. This is all sound advice, but these recommendations are designed to limit what an attacker can do ",{"data":43232,"marks":43233,"value":43235,"nodeType":865},{},[43234],{"type":944},"after",{"data":43237,"marks":43238,"value":43239,"nodeType":865},{},[]," an account has already been compromised — introducing friction, but not blocking them entirely.",{"data":43241,"content":43242,"nodeType":866},{},[43243,43247,43255,43259,43267],{"data":43244,"marks":43245,"value":43246,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The detection challenges compound this. Entra ID sign-in logs and ",{"data":43248,"content":43250,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43249},"https://www.a6n.co.uk/2025/11/tracking-device-wipes-in-microsoft.html",[43251],{"data":43252,"marks":43253,"value":43254,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Intune audit logs exist in separate systems",{"data":43256,"marks":43257,"value":43258,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with separate correlation IDs. Tracing a sign-in to a subsequent device action requires deliberate log integration that many organizations haven't implemented. The ",{"data":43260,"content":43262,"nodeType":882},{"uri":43261},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/intune/intune-service/fundamentals/monitor-audit-logs",[43263],{"data":43264,"marks":43265,"value":43266,"nodeType":865},{},[],"logs do record",{"data":43268,"marks":43269,"value":43270,"nodeType":865},{},[]," \"wipe ManagedDevice\" events, but may not be linked to real-time alerting. And the underlying action, Intune's Remote Wipe, is a legitimate feature used routinely in enterprise IT. Again, the attack could have succeeded even with these in place.",{"data":43272,"content":43273,"nodeType":866},{},[43274],{"data":43275,"marks":43276,"value":43277,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In a world where a compromised account can be rapidly exploited, it's vital to focus on improving detection and prevention as early as possible in the kill chain — combating initial access techniques themselves.",{"data":43279,"content":43283,"nodeType":925},{"target":43280},{"sys":43281},{"id":43282,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4H3AzW7q4QBv7pJawSqQBJ",[],{"data":43285,"content":43286,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":43288,"content":43289,"nodeType":963},{},[43290],{"data":43291,"marks":43292,"value":28030,"nodeType":865},{},[43293],{"type":961},{"data":43295,"content":43296,"nodeType":866},{},[43297],{"data":43298,"marks":43299,"value":43300,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Stryker attack reflects what attackers everywhere — from financially motivated criminal groups to more destructive nation-state operators — are already doing. Identity-based initial access, abuse of legitimate tools and services, and living-off-the-land execution are the current standard operating procedure.",{"data":43302,"content":43303,"nodeType":866},{},[43304],{"data":43305,"marks":43306,"value":43307,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even with a perfectly hardened environment, most public breaches today involve attackers hijacking SSO mechanisms to move into connected applications, exfiltrating data for resale or extortion, and in some cases leveraging cloud services and admin platforms to deploy ransomware (the Scattered Spider playbook of dropping ransomware via VMware management portal being a well-documented example).",{"data":43309,"content":43310,"nodeType":866},{},[43311],{"data":43312,"marks":43313,"value":43314,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The majority of attackers will have no interest in destructively wiping an Intune environment — that's difficult to monetize. But the techniques that enabled the Stryker wipe are the same as those that enable financially motivated breaches at scale, pointing to a challenge that extends well beyond Iran-nexus threat actors and MDM hardening.",{"data":43316,"content":43317,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":43319,"content":43320,"nodeType":963},{},[43321],{"data":43322,"marks":43323,"value":43325,"nodeType":865},{},[43324],{"type":961},"About Push Security",{"data":43327,"content":43328,"nodeType":866},{},[43329],{"data":43330,"marks":43331,"value":43332,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":43334,"content":43335,"nodeType":866},{},[43336,43339,43345,43348,43354,43357,43363],{"data":43337,"marks":43338,"value":21425,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43340,"content":43341,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21428},[43342],{"data":43343,"marks":43344,"value":21434,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43346,"marks":43347,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43349,"content":43350,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21440},[43351],{"data":43352,"marks":43353,"value":21446,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43355,"marks":43356,"value":21450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43358,"content":43359,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[43360],{"data":43361,"marks":43362,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":43364,"marks":43365,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Stryker breach didn't match the playbook. That shouldn't be a surprise.","Analysing the Stryker breach in line with recent changes to the Iran-nexus cyber playbook.","2026-03-19T00:00:00.000Z","stryker-handala-report",{"items":43371},[43372,43374],{"sys":43373,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":43375,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":43377},[43378],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":43379},{"url":11434},"blog/the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help",{"json":43382},{"data":43383,"content":43384,"nodeType":1739},{},[43385],{"data":43386,"content":43387,"nodeType":866},{},[43388],{"data":43389,"marks":43390,"value":43391,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For most security teams, quantifying cyber risk means borrowing someone else's numbers. 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This shows that a major data breach is likely to result in further attempts to increase pressure and extort payment. We saw this in 2024's PowerSchool breach too, where individual victims were hit with blackmail and extortion attempts — even after PowerSchool paid the ransom to avoid such a scenario, but the attackers (unsurprisingly) didn't keep their end of the bargain. ",[],{},"Instructure IB5",{"sys":44297,"__typename":9270,"content":44298,"name":44319,"title":59},{"id":27659},{"json":44299},{"nodeType":1739,"data":44300,"content":44301},{},[44302],{"nodeType":866,"data":44303,"content":44304},{},[44305,44309,44315],{"nodeType":865,"value":44306,"marks":44307,"data":44308},"The speed at which these campaigns execute has compressed dramatically. ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":44310,"content":44311},{"uri":27481},[44312],{"nodeType":865,"value":27486,"marks":44313,"data":44314},[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":44316,"marks":44317,"data":44318}," Cordial Spider and Snarky Spider moving from initial compromise to complete data exfiltration in under an hour — fast enough that any detection strategy that relies on human SOC triage will arrive after the data has already left the building.",[],{},"Instructure IB3",{"sys":44321,"__typename":9270,"content":44322,"name":44363,"title":59},{"id":27719},{"json":44323},{"nodeType":1739,"data":44324,"content":44325},{},[44326],{"nodeType":866,"data":44327,"content":44328},{},[44329,44333,44340,44344,44351,44355,44360],{"nodeType":865,"value":44330,"marks":44331,"data":44332},"Device code phishing has been rapidly commoditized. What began with ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":44334,"content":44335},{"uri":18692},[44336],{"nodeType":865,"value":44337,"marks":44338,"data":44339},"Storm-2372's nation-state campaigns in August 2024",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":44341,"marks":44342,"data":44343}," has since proliferated through criminal kits like EvilTokens and Venom — which reuses Sneaky2FA's AiTM infrastructure while adding device code phishing options — and more recently through Tycoon2FA, which has ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":44345,"content":44346},{"uri":1384},[44347],{"nodeType":865,"value":44348,"marks":44349,"data":44350},"adopted device code phishing capabilities",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":44352,"marks":44353,"data":44354}," alongside its established AiTM functionality. Push now tracks 12+ distinct device code phishing kits in the wild and has measured a ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":44356,"marks":44357,"data":44359},"37.5x increase in device code phishing activity since the start of 2026",[44358],{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":10349,"marks":44361,"data":44362},[],{},"Instructure IB2",{"items":44365},[],{},"How three techniques are behind ShinyHunters' 2026 campaigns","threat-research",{"items":44370},[44371,46286,46934],{"__typename":1788,"sys":44372,"content":44374,"title":46269,"synopsis":46270,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":46271,"slug":46272,"tagsCollection":46273,"authorsCollection":46279},{"id":44373},"2tz0zEJCarJBkceOYk4zVg",{"json":44375},{"data":44376,"content":44377,"nodeType":1739},{},[44378,44385,44414,44425,44432,44438,44450,44456,44459,44467,44474,44537,44544,44550,44553,44561,44568,44574,44582,44589,44715,44721,44727,44733,44739,44747,44754,44761,44824,44831,44837,44843,44851,44858,44865,44873,44880,44913,44920,44926,44933,44981,44988,44996,45003,45009,45016,45023,45029,45036,45069,45076,45082,45085,45093,45100,45107,45114,45119,45126,45133,45139,45146,45152,45159,45165,45172,45179,45182,45190,45206,45213,45232,45475,45482,45513,45748,45755,45762,45963,45970,46155,46158,46166,46173,46180,46192,46195,46202,46219,46236,46243,46246,46253],{"data":44379,"content":44380,"nodeType":866},{},[44381],{"data":44382,"marks":44383,"value":44384,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When Push blocks an attack in the browser, we take the opportunity to do some more digging to see what else we can find. One recent detection led us down the rabbit hole — and right into a criminal phishing panel. ",{"data":44386,"content":44387,"nodeType":866},{},[44388,44392,44398,44402,44410],{"data":44389,"marks":44390,"value":44391,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Real-time operated phishing panels have been used extensively in recent months, in vishing + phishing attacks attributed to first ",{"data":44393,"content":44394,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16578},[44395],{"data":44396,"marks":44397,"value":4241,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44399,"marks":44400,"value":44401,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and more recently the ",{"data":44403,"content":44405,"nodeType":882},{"uri":44404},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-blackfile-extortion-gang-targets-retail-and-hospitality-orgs/",[44406],{"data":44407,"marks":44408,"value":44409,"nodeType":865},{},[],"BlackFile",{"data":44411,"marks":44412,"value":44413,"nodeType":865},{},[]," hacking group, with a significant overlap in techniques and tooling. ",{"data":44415,"content":44416,"nodeType":866},{},[44417,44422],{"data":44418,"marks":44419,"value":44421,"nodeType":865},{},[44420],{"type":961},"We’ve directly accessed active deployments of the operator panels driving these campaigns, observed what happens in real-time when a victim is targeted, and analyzed multiple variants and forks of the tooling. ",{"data":44423,"marks":44424,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44426,"content":44427,"nodeType":866},{},[44428],{"data":44429,"marks":44430,"value":44431,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We identified four primary infrastructure clusters, with each deployment having its own panel implementation. While the panels share common heritage, the operators deploying them appear to be separate groups with different infrastructure preferences and operational patterns.",{"data":44433,"content":44437,"nodeType":925},{"target":44434},{"sys":44435},{"id":44436,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5BQOpzjSbobLx8OkvXl6os",[],{"data":44439,"content":44440,"nodeType":866},{},[44441,44445],{"data":44442,"marks":44443,"value":44444,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The existence of these independently branded forks indicates that the tooling has entered a phase of wider distribution — operators who obtained the original panel source are now customizing and reshipping it for their own purposes. As a result, the tooling is now most likely accessible to a broad population of financially motivated threat actors. ",{"data":44446,"marks":44447,"value":44449,"nodeType":865},{},[44448],{"type":961},"In total, we’ve identified over 400 domains linked to the attacks, giving an indication of the scale. ",{"data":44451,"content":44455,"nodeType":925},{"target":44452},{"sys":44453},{"id":44454,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2Z1LUdYXVONWO9nnJTkWsJ",[],{"data":44457,"content":44458,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":44460,"content":44461,"nodeType":963},{},[44462],{"data":44463,"marks":44464,"value":44466,"nodeType":865},{},[44465],{"type":961},"Background",{"data":44468,"content":44469,"nodeType":866},{},[44470],{"data":44471,"marks":44472,"value":44473,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Since at least August 2025, attackers have been running hybrid social engineering campaigns targeting hundreds of organizations across financial services, technology, cryptocurrency, healthcare, hospitality, and private aviation. ",{"data":44475,"content":44476,"nodeType":1049},{},[44477,44492,44507,44522],{"data":44478,"content":44479,"nodeType":1003},{},[44480],{"data":44481,"content":44482,"nodeType":866},{},[44483,44488],{"data":44484,"marks":44485,"value":44487,"nodeType":865},{},[44486],{"type":961},"August 2025: ",{"data":44489,"marks":44490,"value":44491,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tooling made available, used in crypto-focused attacks",{"data":44493,"content":44494,"nodeType":1003},{},[44495],{"data":44496,"content":44497,"nodeType":866},{},[44498,44503],{"data":44499,"marks":44500,"value":44502,"nodeType":865},{},[44501],{"type":961},"November 2025:",{"data":44504,"marks":44505,"value":44506,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Major attacks on enterprise identity platforms begin",{"data":44508,"content":44509,"nodeType":1003},{},[44510],{"data":44511,"content":44512,"nodeType":866},{},[44513,44518],{"data":44514,"marks":44515,"value":44517,"nodeType":865},{},[44516],{"type":961},"January 2026: ",{"data":44519,"marks":44520,"value":44521,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Public breaches reported",{"data":44523,"content":44524,"nodeType":1003},{},[44525],{"data":44526,"content":44527,"nodeType":866},{},[44528,44533],{"data":44529,"marks":44530,"value":44532,"nodeType":865},{},[44531],{"type":961},"March 2026: ",{"data":44534,"marks":44535,"value":44536,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Activity spikes again",{"data":44538,"content":44539,"nodeType":866},{},[44540],{"data":44541,"marks":44542,"value":44543,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacks combine voice phishing with MFA-bypassing adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) phishing mechanisms that allow the attacker to steal authenticated sessions for target applications — typically enterprise identity providers and cryptocurrency exchanges. Once an identity provider account is compromised, the attackers pivot across connected SaaS platforms — SharePoint, Salesforce, DocuSign, Slack — exfiltrates data, and attempts to extort the victim organization. ",{"data":44545,"content":44549,"nodeType":925},{"target":44546},{"sys":44547},{"id":44548,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2X2YXMpozrbRQhegk7yF1k",[],{"data":44551,"content":44552,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":44554,"content":44555,"nodeType":963},{},[44556],{"data":44557,"marks":44558,"value":44560,"nodeType":865},{},[44559],{"type":961},"Inside the panels: what Push found",{"data":44562,"content":44563,"nodeType":866},{},[44564],{"data":44565,"marks":44566,"value":44567,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detected an active Okta phishing site with TTPs aligned to the tooling used by SLH and affiliated groups. Through analysis of the phishing infrastructure, we gained direct access to Doko’s Panel and variants, and were able to observe how these attacks unfold from the operator's perspective — including real victim submission logs from the current week confirming ongoing active operations.",{"data":44569,"content":44573,"nodeType":925},{"target":44570},{"sys":44571},{"id":44572,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5ND0etPs5xN7ejz24l71jy",[],{"data":44575,"content":44576,"nodeType":1458},{},[44577],{"data":44578,"marks":44579,"value":44581,"nodeType":865},{},[44580],{"type":961},"How the attack works",{"data":44583,"content":44584,"nodeType":866},{},[44585],{"data":44586,"marks":44587,"value":44588,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The general sequence of steps is the same across the panels:",{"data":44590,"content":44591,"nodeType":1049},{},[44592,44607,44622,44646,44661,44676,44700],{"data":44593,"content":44594,"nodeType":1003},{},[44595],{"data":44596,"content":44597,"nodeType":866},{},[44598,44603],{"data":44599,"marks":44600,"value":44602,"nodeType":865},{},[44601],{"type":961},"The operator calls the target",{"data":44604,"marks":44605,"value":44606,"nodeType":865},{},[]," spoofing the organization's IT helpdesk number, often referencing real employee names or internal ticket numbers to establish trust. The target is directed to a phishing domain — usually following a combosquatting pattern like my\u003Ctarget>internal[.]com or \u003Ctarget>sso[.]com — under the pretext of a mandatory security update, passkey enrollment, or support ticket resolution. ",{"data":44608,"content":44609,"nodeType":1003},{},[44610],{"data":44611,"content":44612,"nodeType":866},{},[44613,44618],{"data":44614,"marks":44615,"value":44617,"nodeType":865},{},[44616],{"type":961},"The victim lands on the phishing domain",{"data":44619,"marks":44620,"value":44621,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and is presented with a loading spinner — the anti-bot gate that prevents unauthorized access to the phishing pages.",{"data":44623,"content":44624,"nodeType":1003},{},[44625],{"data":44626,"content":44627,"nodeType":866},{},[44628,44633,44637,44642],{"data":44629,"marks":44630,"value":44632,"nodeType":865},{},[44631],{"type":961},"The operator accepts the visitor",{"data":44634,"marks":44635,"value":44636,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from the admin panel and ",{"data":44638,"marks":44639,"value":44641,"nodeType":865},{},[44640],{"type":961},"the victim is redirected",{"data":44643,"marks":44644,"value":44645,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to the cloned login page (e.g. Google, Microsoft, Okta).",{"data":44647,"content":44648,"nodeType":1003},{},[44649],{"data":44650,"content":44651,"nodeType":866},{},[44652,44657],{"data":44653,"marks":44654,"value":44656,"nodeType":865},{},[44655],{"type":961},"The victim enters their email address and password",{"data":44658,"marks":44659,"value":44660,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which is forwarded to the operator's Telegram channel. The victim sees a processing spinner on the branded login form.",{"data":44662,"content":44663,"nodeType":1003},{},[44664],{"data":44665,"content":44666,"nodeType":866},{},[44667,44672],{"data":44668,"marks":44669,"value":44671,"nodeType":865},{},[44670],{"type":961},"The operator relays the credentials",{"data":44673,"marks":44674,"value":44675,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to the real identity provider. If they're valid, the attack proceeds. If they're invalid, the operator can redirect the victim back to the credential entry pages. Assuming MFA is required, the operator issues a redirect to an appropriate MFA capture page — \"Submit SMS OTP,\" \"Submit Gauth OTP,\" or \"Approve [XX] Prompt,\" depending on what the legitimate IdP is presenting.",{"data":44677,"content":44678,"nodeType":1003},{},[44679],{"data":44680,"content":44681,"nodeType":866},{},[44682,44687,44691,44696],{"data":44683,"marks":44684,"value":44686,"nodeType":865},{},[44685],{"type":961},"The victim submits their OTP or approves the push notification ",{"data":44688,"marks":44689,"value":44690,"nodeType":865},{},[],"and",{"data":44692,"marks":44693,"value":44695,"nodeType":865},{},[44694],{"type":961}," the operator relays the OTP",{"data":44697,"marks":44698,"value":44699,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in their own login session, completes authentication, and captures the session. ",{"data":44701,"content":44702,"nodeType":1003},{},[44703],{"data":44704,"content":44705,"nodeType":866},{},[44706,44711],{"data":44707,"marks":44708,"value":44710,"nodeType":865},{},[44709],{"type":961},"The victim is redirected to a benign page",{"data":44712,"marks":44713,"value":44714,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (e.g., Google Drive) or to a support ticket closure screen displaying a fabricated ticket number.",{"data":44716,"content":44720,"nodeType":925},{"target":44717},{"sys":44718},{"id":44719,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1o0wm3EOd7zSl5MddsNxgL",[],{"data":44722,"content":44726,"nodeType":925},{"target":44723},{"sys":44724},{"id":44725,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7w7SQEn3aITpcgXLMThhbS",[],{"data":44728,"content":44729,"nodeType":866},{},[44730],{"data":44731,"marks":44732,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":44734,"content":44738,"nodeType":925},{"target":44735},{"sys":44736},{"id":44737,"type":922,"linkType":923},"PJJabY1ZfoCfl8XQ6PMj2",[],{"data":44740,"content":44741,"nodeType":1458},{},[44742],{"data":44743,"marks":44744,"value":44746,"nodeType":865},{},[44745],{"type":961},"Doko’s Panel",{"data":44748,"content":44749,"nodeType":866},{},[44750],{"data":44751,"marks":44752,"value":44753,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the panels themselves. We'll start with the default version of Doko's Panel since it’s the most established. It provides a multi-functional framework targeting users of Google, Microsoft Entra, Okta, and popular cryptocurrency exchanges including Abra, Coinbase, Gemini, and Kraken. Its core functionality resides in a client-side JavaScript file (client.js) that establishes the real-time feedback loop between the victim's browser and the operator's C2.",{"data":44755,"content":44756,"nodeType":866},{},[44757],{"data":44758,"marks":44759,"value":44760,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The technical indicators that characterize Doko's Panel in its standard form include:",{"data":44762,"content":44763,"nodeType":1049},{},[44764,44779,44794,44809],{"data":44765,"content":44766,"nodeType":1003},{},[44767],{"data":44768,"content":44769,"nodeType":866},{},[44770,44775],{"data":44771,"marks":44772,"value":44774,"nodeType":865},{},[44773],{"type":961},"client.js",{"data":44776,"marks":44777,"value":44778,"nodeType":865},{},[]," containing a pingServer() function that sends a JSON POST request to /backend.php every second with the structure { action: 'ping', token, window_id, page, os, browser }. If the response contains a redirect key, the victim's browser navigates to that path. ",{"data":44780,"content":44781,"nodeType":1003},{},[44782],{"data":44783,"content":44784,"nodeType":866},{},[44785,44790],{"data":44786,"marks":44787,"value":44789,"nodeType":865},{},[44788],{"type":961},"sendTelegramMessage()",{"data":44791,"marks":44792,"value":44793,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (aliased to sendtg()), a function for relaying real-time credential submissions and session updates to the operator's Telegram channel.",{"data":44795,"content":44796,"nodeType":1003},{},[44797],{"data":44798,"content":44799,"nodeType":866},{},[44800,44805],{"data":44801,"marks":44802,"value":44804,"nodeType":865},{},[44803],{"type":961},"backend.php",{"data":44806,"marks":44807,"value":44808,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as the primary server-side handler for both victim ping actions and admin panel operations (retrieving connected victim information, sending redirect instructions).",{"data":44810,"content":44811,"nodeType":1003},{},[44812],{"data":44813,"content":44814,"nodeType":866},{},[44815,44820],{"data":44816,"marks":44817,"value":44819,"nodeType":865},{},[44818],{"type":961},"j.php",{"data":44821,"marks":44822,"value":44823,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as the endpoint for sending Telegram messages, relaying captured credentials and session logs.",{"data":44825,"content":44826,"nodeType":866},{},[44827],{"data":44828,"marks":44829,"value":44830,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push found that deployments of Doko's Panel had minimal security by default — anyone was able to view the admin panel and manage visitors' connections without authentication.",{"data":44832,"content":44836,"nodeType":925},{"target":44833},{"sys":44834},{"id":44835,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3glwGSGHdCpf3DLqNmQqN8",[],{"data":44838,"content":44842,"nodeType":925},{"target":44839},{"sys":44840},{"id":44841,"type":922,"linkType":923},"20ymWIXMkmJlw7XYb93c9o",[],{"data":44844,"content":44845,"nodeType":1458},{},[44846],{"data":44847,"marks":44848,"value":44850,"nodeType":865},{},[44849],{"type":961},"Panel proliferation and remixes",{"data":44852,"content":44853,"nodeType":866},{},[44854],{"data":44855,"marks":44856,"value":44857,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Access to Doko's Panel has clearly proliferated beyond its original developers, resulting in remixes and variants being distributed across the ecosystem. Push identified a variant titled \"Lord Mensius's Panel\" targeting Koinly (a cryptocurrency tax platform), and another titled \"$$$\" using a template impersonating the Australian Tax Office, also targeting cryptocurrency tax filing. ",{"data":44859,"content":44860,"nodeType":866},{},[44861],{"data":44862,"marks":44863,"value":44864,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The existence of these independently branded forks indicates that the tooling has entered a phase of wider distribution — operators who obtained the original panel source are now customizing and reshipping it for their own purposes. As a result, the tooling is now accessible to a broad population of financially motivated threat actors. ",{"data":44866,"content":44867,"nodeType":1458},{},[44868],{"data":44869,"marks":44870,"value":44872,"nodeType":865},{},[44871],{"type":961},"heartbeat/check_redirect variant",{"data":44874,"content":44875,"nodeType":866},{},[44876],{"data":44877,"marks":44878,"value":44879,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In addition to Doko’s Panel and its forks, the site initially detected by Push used a modified variant of Doko's Panel with a different C2 protocol. Rather than the standard ping action, this variant sent two types of regular requests from client.js to the backend:",{"data":44881,"content":44882,"nodeType":1049},{},[44883,44898],{"data":44884,"content":44885,"nodeType":1003},{},[44886],{"data":44887,"content":44888,"nodeType":866},{},[44889,44894],{"data":44890,"marks":44891,"value":44893,"nodeType":865},{},[44892],{"type":961},"Heartbeat",{"data":44895,"marks":44896,"value":44897,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — POST to backend.php with action=heartbeat along with page, token, and window_id.",{"data":44899,"content":44900,"nodeType":1003},{},[44901],{"data":44902,"content":44903,"nodeType":866},{},[44904,44909],{"data":44905,"marks":44906,"value":44908,"nodeType":865},{},[44907],{"type":961},"Check Redirect",{"data":44910,"marks":44911,"value":44912,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — GET to backend.php with parameters action=check_redirect along with token and window_id.",{"data":44914,"content":44915,"nodeType":866},{},[44916],{"data":44917,"marks":44918,"value":44919,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A redirect instruction in response to either request causes the victim's browser to navigate to the specified page. The variant compounds this with a separate inline script embedded in the landing gate HTML — in addition to client.js — that schedules its own sendHeartbeat() and checkRedirect() functions on regular intervals. ",{"data":44921,"content":44925,"nodeType":925},{"target":44922},{"sys":44923},{"id":44924,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6zRc9ublZvEQCxcWtMBSnF",[],{"data":44927,"content":44928,"nodeType":866},{},[44929],{"data":44930,"marks":44931,"value":44932,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Additional technical differentiators for this variant include:",{"data":44934,"content":44935,"nodeType":1049},{},[44936,44951,44966],{"data":44937,"content":44938,"nodeType":1003},{},[44939],{"data":44940,"content":44941,"nodeType":866},{},[44942,44947],{"data":44943,"marks":44944,"value":44946,"nodeType":865},{},[44945],{"type":961},"UUID generation",{"data":44948,"marks":44949,"value":44950,"nodeType":865},{},[]," using Math.random() to replace x in the template xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx, rather than the original Doko's Panel method of constructing a template from [1e7]+-1e3+-4e3+-8e3+-1e11 and replacing [018].",{"data":44952,"content":44953,"nodeType":1003},{},[44954],{"data":44955,"content":44956,"nodeType":866},{},[44957,44962],{"data":44958,"marks":44959,"value":44961,"nodeType":865},{},[44960],{"type":961},"No central Telegram sending function",{"data":44963,"marks":44964,"value":44965,"nodeType":865},{},[],", though j.php still exists and is called from inline scripts on individual phishing pages.",{"data":44967,"content":44968,"nodeType":1003},{},[44969],{"data":44970,"content":44971,"nodeType":866},{},[44972,44977],{"data":44973,"marks":44974,"value":44976,"nodeType":865},{},[44975],{"type":961},"No use of FNV-1a",{"data":44978,"marks":44979,"value":44980,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to hash-generate the window ID.",{"data":44982,"content":44983,"nodeType":866},{},[44984],{"data":44985,"marks":44986,"value":44987,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push also found sub-variants hosting Okta phishing pages with additional modifications: a minified client.js script, and a renamed backend endpoint (api_FyekIDWY.php replacing backend.php).",{"data":44989,"content":44990,"nodeType":1458},{},[44991],{"data":44992,"marks":44993,"value":44995,"nodeType":865},{},[44994],{"type":961},"Revamped admin panel",{"data":44997,"content":44998,"nodeType":866},{},[44999],{"data":45000,"marks":45001,"value":45002,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push also found examples of a significantly revamped admin panel, including a version from April 2026 specifically targeting Microsoft as an enterprise identity provider. ",{"data":45004,"content":45008,"nodeType":925},{"target":45005},{"sys":45006},{"id":45007,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3ufb4cotpg0f7yoIQJnND0",[],{"data":45010,"content":45011,"nodeType":866},{},[45012],{"data":45013,"marks":45014,"value":45015,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This panel featured a more sophisticated operator interface with an updated look, quick action buttons, and sound notifications.",{"data":45017,"content":45018,"nodeType":866},{},[45019],{"data":45020,"marks":45021,"value":45022,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In addition to the standard compromise flow for acquiring email, password, and OTP, this panel provided operator actions for sending Microsoft Teams call instructions to the victim — a Meeting ID and Passcode rendered on a branded page. This capability likely enables further interaction through a channel that supports screensharing, extending the attacker's reach beyond credential theft into live session manipulation. 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",{"data":47075,"marks":47076,"value":47078,"nodeType":865},{},[47077],{"type":961},"If you skim off the top 10% “riskiest” extensions, 90% of the extensions in your environment could still become a breach vector. ",{"data":47080,"content":47081,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":47083,"content":47084,"nodeType":963},{},[47085],{"data":47086,"marks":47087,"value":47089,"nodeType":865},{},[47088],{"type":961},"What risk scoring is designed to measure — and why it can’t predict future compromise",{"data":47091,"content":47092,"nodeType":866},{},[47093],{"data":47094,"marks":47095,"value":47096,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most extension risk scoring systems evaluate some combination of permissions, install count, user ratings, code analysis, developer reputation, and web store trust signals. Nice-to-have data points, but with a common limitation: they describe the extension as it is today, not what it will become after the next update. That makes them poor predictors of the thing that actually causes breaches — a previously-clean extension being weaponized through a supply chain compromise.",{"data":47098,"content":47099,"nodeType":866},{},[47100],{"data":47101,"marks":47102,"value":47103,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It's worth examining why each signal falls short as a predictor specifically of future compromise, because the failure modes are different and well-documented.",{"data":47105,"content":47106,"nodeType":1458},{},[47107],{"data":47108,"marks":47109,"value":47110,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Permissions",{"data":47112,"content":47113,"nodeType":866},{},[47114,47118,47123],{"data":47115,"marks":47116,"value":47117,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Permissions are the most meaningful input to a risk score, because they determine what an extension is ",{"data":47119,"marks":47120,"value":47122,"nodeType":865},{},[47121],{"type":944},"capable",{"data":47124,"marks":47125,"value":47126,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of doing if it turns malicious. An extension with access to cookies, scripting, and broad host permissions can steal session tokens, log keystrokes, and exfiltrate data from any site the user visits. This is the data that actually answers the question \"what could this extension do to us if it went bad?\"",{"data":47128,"content":47129,"nodeType":866},{},[47130,47134,47138],{"data":47131,"marks":47132,"value":47133,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The problem is that these permissions are extraordinarily common. We analyzed a sample of 20,000 unique extensions deployed across Push customers and found that ",{"data":47135,"marks":47136,"value":4151,"nodeType":865},{},[47137],{"type":961},{"data":47139,"marks":47140,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47142,"content":47143,"nodeType":866},{},[47144],{"data":47145,"marks":47146,"value":47147,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These figures also understate the real exposure. One of the most straightforward attack techniques involves injecting content scripts into web pages to hook request functions and extract cookies. The user-facing warning Chrome shows for this capability — \"Read and change all your data on the websites you visit\" — is the same generic string shown for ad blockers, password managers, and translation tools. ",{"data":47149,"content":47150,"nodeType":866},{},[47151,47155,47160],{"data":47152,"marks":47153,"value":47154,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can't practically remove everything that ",{"data":47156,"marks":47157,"value":47159,"nodeType":865},{},[47158],{"type":944},"could",{"data":47161,"marks":47162,"value":47163,"nodeType":865},{},[]," be dangerous, because that includes most of the extensions people actually use for work. And if you set the threshold lower to keep the list manageable, you're excluding extensions that have the same permissions and pose the same theoretical risk.",{"data":47165,"content":47166,"nodeType":1458},{},[47167],{"data":47168,"marks":47169,"value":47170,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Install counts, ratings, developer reputation, and web store badges",{"data":47172,"content":47173,"nodeType":866},{},[47174,47178,47183],{"data":47175,"marks":47176,"value":47177,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These signals share a common failure mode, so it's worth addressing them together: they all describe the extension's ",{"data":47179,"marks":47180,"value":47182,"nodeType":865},{},[47181],{"type":944},"reputation",{"data":47184,"marks":47185,"value":47186,"nodeType":865},{},[]," at a point in time, and attackers have both the means and the incentive to ensure that reputation looks clean.",{"data":47188,"content":47189,"nodeType":866},{},[47190,47195,47199,47204],{"data":47191,"marks":47192,"value":47194,"nodeType":865},{},[47193],{"type":961},"Install count ",{"data":47196,"marks":47197,"value":47198,"nodeType":865},{},[],"is sometimes used as a proxy for trustworthiness, on the assumption that widely-adopted extensions are more likely to be legitimate. In practice, high install count is often a ",{"data":47200,"marks":47201,"value":47203,"nodeType":865},{},[47202],{"type":944},"precondition",{"data":47205,"marks":47206,"value":47207,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for the attack rather than a signal against it. ",{"data":47209,"content":47210,"nodeType":866},{},[47211,47215,47224],{"data":47212,"marks":47213,"value":47214,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers who acquire or build extensions are specifically waiting for the install base to grow before weaponizing — what researchers are calling the \"",{"data":47216,"content":47218,"nodeType":882},{"uri":47217},"https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2025/12/sleeper-browser-extensions-woke-up-as-spyware-on-4-million-devices",[47219],{"data":47220,"marks":47221,"value":47223,"nodeType":865},{},[47222],{"type":997},"sleeper agent",{"data":47225,"marks":47226,"value":47227,"nodeType":865},{},[],"\" strategy. Install counts can also be easily inflated with bots, meaning that using them as a positive risk signal actively rewards the attackers who are best at gaming the system.",{"data":47229,"content":47230,"nodeType":1049},{},[47231,47252,47274],{"data":47232,"content":47233,"nodeType":1003},{},[47234],{"data":47235,"content":47236,"nodeType":866},{},[47237,47240,47248],{"data":47238,"marks":47239,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47241,"content":47242,"nodeType":882},{"uri":4107},[47243],{"data":47244,"marks":47245,"value":47247,"nodeType":865},{},[47246],{"type":997},"DarkSpectre campaign",{"data":47249,"marks":47250,"value":47251,"nodeType":865},{},[]," accumulated over 8.8 million compromised browsers across extensions that held \"verified\" status and healthy install counts throughout a seven-year operational period. ",{"data":47253,"content":47254,"nodeType":1003},{},[47255],{"data":47256,"content":47257,"nodeType":866},{},[47258,47261,47270],{"data":47259,"marks":47260,"value":873,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47262,"content":47264,"nodeType":882},{"uri":47263},"https://www.ox.security/blog/malicious-chrome-extensions-steal-chatgpt-deepseek-conversations/",[47265],{"data":47266,"marks":47267,"value":47269,"nodeType":865},{},[47268],{"type":997},"AITOPIA",{"data":47271,"marks":47272,"value":47273,"nodeType":865},{},[]," impersonation extensions had over 900,000 combined installs and a Google \"Featured\" badge. ",{"data":47275,"content":47276,"nodeType":1003},{},[47277],{"data":47278,"content":47279,"nodeType":866},{},[47280],{"data":47281,"marks":47282,"value":47283,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cyberhaven had approximately 400,000 users at the time of compromise. ",{"data":47285,"content":47286,"nodeType":866},{},[47287,47292],{"data":47288,"marks":47289,"value":47291,"nodeType":865},{},[47290],{"type":961},"User ratings",{"data":47293,"marks":47294,"value":47295,"nodeType":865},{},[]," suffer from the same problems. Attackers use bot networks to generate positive reviews, and even genuinely clean extensions will carry good ratings right up until they're compromised. By the time users start leaving negative reviews the attack has already run its course.",{"data":47297,"content":47298,"nodeType":866},{},[47299,47304,47307,47312],{"data":47300,"marks":47301,"value":47303,"nodeType":865},{},[47302],{"type":961},"Developer reputation and \"Featured\" and \"Verified\"",{"data":47305,"marks":47306,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47308,"marks":47309,"value":47311,"nodeType":865},{},[47310],{"type":961},"badges",{"data":47313,"marks":47314,"value":47315,"nodeType":865},{},[]," fail for a related but slightly different reason: the attack typically doesn't come from a known-bad developer. It comes from a reputable developer whose account has been compromised, or from an extension that has changed hands. ",{"data":47317,"content":47321,"nodeType":925},{"target":47318},{"sys":47319},{"id":47320,"type":922,"linkType":923},"d1C5wKxUnKFwfhf4OBQAq",[],{"data":47323,"content":47324,"nodeType":866},{},[47325],{"data":47326,"marks":47327,"value":47328,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The net result across all of these signals is that the extensions most likely to appear in breach headlines — established tools with large user bases, good ratings, verified badges, and reputable developers — are precisely the ones that risk scoring would rate as low-risk.",{"data":47330,"content":47331,"nodeType":1458},{},[47332],{"data":47333,"marks":47334,"value":47335,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Code analysis",{"data":47337,"content":47338,"nodeType":866},{},[47339],{"data":47340,"marks":47341,"value":47342,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Static analysis of extension code is the approach that sounds most rigorous, and it's the basis for Chrome Web Store's own review process. Google operates a hybrid system combining automated analysis and manual review, with manual review typically reserved for submissions that trigger specific signals such as sensitive permissions or large code volumes.",{"data":47344,"content":47345,"nodeType":866},{},[47346],{"data":47347,"marks":47348,"value":47349,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But attackers have developed reliable techniques to pass these checks, and the specific evasion methods used in major campaigns illustrate why static analysis consistently falls short. ",{"data":47351,"content":47352,"nodeType":1049},{},[47353,47363],{"data":47354,"content":47355,"nodeType":1003},{},[47356],{"data":47357,"content":47358,"nodeType":866},{},[47359],{"data":47360,"marks":47361,"value":47362,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Cyberhaven compromise used dynamically loaded content fetched from a remote server via service workers, with the C2 infrastructure delivering different malicious configurations to different end-users — meaning that even if a scanner fetched the remote payload, it might receive a benign configuration depending on the target profile.",{"data":47364,"content":47365,"nodeType":1003},{},[47366],{"data":47367,"content":47368,"nodeType":866},{},[47369],{"data":47370,"marks":47371,"value":47372,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The GhostPoster campaign (part of the broader DarkSpectre operation) took evasion further still: the extension waited 48 hours between configuration check-ins and only loaded a malicious payload 10% of the time. No sandbox is running for 48 hours, and a 10% activation rate means that nine out of ten analysis runs would see nothing at all.",{"data":47374,"content":47378,"nodeType":925},{"target":47375},{"sys":47376},{"id":47377,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6jy6jvYcHTXO2uMd7kx647",[],{"data":47380,"content":47381,"nodeType":866},{},[47382],{"data":47383,"marks":47384,"value":47385,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It's also worth noting that Chrome Web Store policy explicitly disallows code obfuscation, precisely because it makes review impossible. The fact that attackers have found ways to hide malicious behavior without technically obfuscating their code speaks to the fundamental asymmetry at play: the attacker controls when and how malicious functionality appears, and static analysis can only evaluate what's present at the time of review.",{"data":47387,"content":47388,"nodeType":1458},{},[47389],{"data":47390,"marks":47391,"value":47392,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But extension scores combine all of these things …",{"data":47394,"content":47395,"nodeType":866},{},[47396],{"data":47397,"marks":47398,"value":47399,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The obvious counterargument is that no serious risk scoring system relies on any single signal in isolation — the value is supposed to come from combining permissions, install count, ratings, code analysis, and developer reputation into a composite score that's more predictive than any individual input. In theory, this sounds like the right approach: weak signals aggregated together should produce a stronger signal.",{"data":47401,"content":47402,"nodeType":866},{},[47403,47408],{"data":47404,"marks":47405,"value":47407,"nodeType":865},{},[47406],{"type":961},"In practice, combining signals that are individually unable to predict supply chain compromise doesn't produce a signal that can. ",{"data":47409,"marks":47410,"value":47411,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Aggregating a set of backward-looking indicators doesn't make the aggregate forward-looking; it just gives you a more detailed description of the present state, which is the state before the attack has happened. No weighting or combination of install count, code behavior, and developer reputation would have flagged Cyberhaven, or DarkSpectre, or Trust Wallet before the malicious update shipped, because at that point every input to the composite score was returning a legitimate value.",{"data":47413,"content":47414,"nodeType":866},{},[47415,47419,47424,47428,47433],{"data":47416,"marks":47417,"value":47418,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Meanwhile, the indicators that ",{"data":47420,"marks":47421,"value":47423,"nodeType":865},{},[47422],{"type":944},"do",{"data":47425,"marks":47426,"value":47427,"nodeType":865},{},[]," predict real-world compromise — an extension changing ownership, a developer account being phished, an update introducing behavior that wasn't present in prior versions, or an extension being explicitly confirmed as malicious through threat intelligence — aren't predictive risk score inputs. ",{"data":47429,"marks":47430,"value":47432,"nodeType":865},{},[47431],{"type":961},"They're discrete events that require monitoring and an immediate response, not a recalculated number on a dashboard. ",{"data":47434,"marks":47435,"value":47436,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is an important distinction: the signals that matter are changes over time, not static attributes at a point in time, and they call for a detection-and-response workflow rather than a periodic risk review.",{"data":47438,"content":47439,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":47441,"content":47442,"nodeType":963},{},[47443],{"data":47444,"marks":47445,"value":47447,"nodeType":865},{},[47446],{"type":961},"What works instead",{"data":47449,"content":47450,"nodeType":866},{},[47451],{"data":47452,"marks":47453,"value":47454,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If the goal is to reduce your exposure to extension-based supply chain compromise rather than to generate a ranked list of risk, the approach is operationally straightforward — even if it requires more discipline than deploying a scoring dashboard.",{"data":47456,"content":47457,"nodeType":1458},{},[47458],{"data":47459,"marks":47460,"value":47461,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Reduce your attack surface through allowlisting",{"data":47463,"content":47464,"nodeType":866},{},[47465],{"data":47466,"marks":47467,"value":47468,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Build a complete inventory of every extension running across your environment — what's installed, how it got there (managed deployment, manual install, sideloaded, developer mode), what permissions it has, who's using it, and whether it serves a legitimate work purpose. Then create a strict allowlist of vetted and approved extensions and block everything else.",{"data":47470,"content":47471,"nodeType":866},{},[47472,47476,47484],{"data":47473,"marks":47474,"value":47475,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is the same default-deny approach that's been best practice for firewall policy and endpoint allowlisting for decades. ",{"data":47477,"content":47478,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18327},[47479],{"data":47480,"marks":47481,"value":47483,"nodeType":865},{},[47482],{"type":997},"In Push, it works like building a firewall rule",{"data":47485,"marks":47486,"value":47487,"nodeType":865},{},[],": a global block rule at the bottom that disables all browser extensions, with explicit exceptions above it for approved tools. Users who attempt to install unapproved extensions see a block screen.",{"data":47489,"content":47493,"nodeType":925},{"target":47490},{"sys":47491},{"id":47492,"type":922,"linkType":923},"97dDukjKsRsAptpHV1kpn",[],{"data":47495,"content":47496,"nodeType":866},{},[47497,47502,47508,47513],{"data":47498,"marks":47499,"value":47501,"nodeType":865},{},[47500],{"type":961},"The key insight is that every extension you don't ",{"data":47503,"marks":47504,"value":47507,"nodeType":865},{},[47505,47506],{"type":961},{"type":944},"really ",{"data":47509,"marks":47510,"value":47512,"nodeType":865},{},[47511],{"type":961},"need, but haven't blocked, is attack surface that exists for no business reason. ",{"data":47514,"marks":47515,"value":47516,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most organizations are surprised by how many of the extensions in their environment are unused, forgotten, or have readily available alternatives. Reducing the population of installed extensions to only the ones that serve a genuine work purpose is the single most effective thing you can do — and it doesn't require a risk score to accomplish.",{"data":47518,"content":47519,"nodeType":1458},{},[47520],{"data":47521,"marks":47522,"value":47523,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Monitor for changes that indicate weaponization",{"data":47525,"content":47526,"nodeType":866},{},[47527],{"data":47528,"marks":47529,"value":47530,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once you have a controlled baseline, the risk shifts from unmanaged installations (those are blocked) to changes in the extensions you've already approved. These are the signals that map to real-world attack patterns and serve as leading indicators of weaponization:",{"data":47532,"content":47533,"nodeType":1049},{},[47534,47578,47593,47608,47623],{"data":47535,"content":47536,"nodeType":1003},{},[47537],{"data":47538,"content":47539,"nodeType":866},{},[47540,47545,47549,47558,47563,47567,47575],{"data":47541,"marks":47542,"value":47544,"nodeType":865},{},[47543],{"type":961},"Ownership changes",{"data":47546,"marks":47547,"value":47548,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — an extension changing hands is one of the most reliable precursors to supply chain compromise, as demonstrated by the ",{"data":47550,"content":47552,"nodeType":882},{"uri":47551},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/03/chrome-extension-turns-malicious-after.html",[47553],{"data":47554,"marks":47555,"value":47557,"nodeType":865},{},[47556],{"type":997},"QuickLens and ShotBird attack",{"data":47559,"marks":47560,"value":47562,"nodeType":865},{},[47561],{"type":997},"s",{"data":47564,"marks":47565,"value":47566,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and the acquired-extension clusters documented by ",{"data":47568,"content":47569,"nodeType":882},{"uri":47048},[47570],{"data":47571,"marks":47572,"value":47574,"nodeType":865},{},[47573],{"type":997},"GitLab",{"data":47576,"marks":47577,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47579,"content":47580,"nodeType":1003},{},[47581],{"data":47582,"content":47583,"nodeType":866},{},[47584,47589],{"data":47585,"marks":47586,"value":47588,"nodeType":865},{},[47587],{"type":961},"Developer contact information changes",{"data":47590,"marks":47591,"value":47592,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — often an early indicator that an extension has been sold or that a developer account has been taken over.",{"data":47594,"content":47595,"nodeType":1003},{},[47596],{"data":47597,"content":47598,"nodeType":866},{},[47599,47604],{"data":47600,"marks":47601,"value":47603,"nodeType":865},{},[47602],{"type":961},"Permission escalations in updates",{"data":47605,"marks":47606,"value":47607,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a previously-scoped extension suddenly requesting broad host permissions or cookie access.",{"data":47609,"content":47610,"nodeType":1003},{},[47611],{"data":47612,"content":47613,"nodeType":866},{},[47614,47619],{"data":47615,"marks":47616,"value":47618,"nodeType":865},{},[47617],{"type":961},"Delisting from the web store",{"data":47620,"marks":47621,"value":47622,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — can indicate that the store's review process has caught something, or that the developer has abandoned the extension.",{"data":47624,"content":47625,"nodeType":1003},{},[47626],{"data":47627,"content":47628,"nodeType":866},{},[47629,47634,47638,47646,47651],{"data":47630,"marks":47631,"value":47633,"nodeType":865},{},[47632],{"type":961},"Known malicious classification",{"data":47635,"marks":47636,"value":47637,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — when an extension is confirmed as weaponized or linked to an active campaign through threat intelligence. (",{"data":47639,"content":47640,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18327},[47641],{"data":47642,"marks":47643,"value":47645,"nodeType":865},{},[47644],{"type":997},"Push blocks known-bad extensions automaticall",{"data":47647,"marks":47648,"value":47650,"nodeType":865},{},[47649],{"type":997},"y",{"data":47652,"marks":47653,"value":47654,"nodeType":865},{},[],").",{"data":47656,"content":47660,"nodeType":925},{"target":47657},{"sys":47658},{"id":47659,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4PWyOD92E549plkeNH1DxO",[],{"data":47662,"content":47663,"nodeType":866},{},[47664],{"data":47665,"marks":47666,"value":47667,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To make this concrete: Push emits structured events via webhook whenever extension metadata changes that captures all of the variables above. These these can be fed directly into your SIEM or SOAR workflows, making it easy for security teams to detect when a meaningful change occurs. An ownership change on its own warrants investigation; an ownership change paired with a new version and added permissions warrants an immediate block pending review.",{"data":47669,"content":47670,"nodeType":866},{},[47671],{"data":47672,"marks":47673,"value":47674,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detects these changes in real time and can automatically block an extension when a meaningful risk indicator fires, before the damage propagates. This is fundamentally different from a periodic risk score: rather than attempting to predict which extensions might go bad based on static attributes, Push monitors for the specific events that precede or accompany weaponization in the attacks we've actually observed.",{"data":47676,"content":47677,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":47679,"content":47680,"nodeType":963},{},[47681],{"data":47682,"marks":47683,"value":47685,"nodeType":865},{},[47684],{"type":961},"The bottom line",{"data":47687,"content":47688,"nodeType":866},{},[47689],{"data":47690,"marks":47691,"value":47692,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Traditional extension risk scores — based on permissions, store metadata, code analysis, and developer reputation — are poor predictors of which extensions will actually compromise you. The extensions involved in the major breaches of the past 18 months consistently scored as normal or low-risk right up until the moment they were weaponized. If your extension management strategy is built around \"identify the riskiest extensions and remove them,\" the extension that gets you is the one that wasn't on the list.",{"data":47694,"content":47695,"nodeType":866},{},[47696,47700,47708],{"data":47697,"marks":47698,"value":47699,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser extensions are software. They're third-party code running with significant privilege inside the browser, capable of reading and modifying page content, accessing cookies and session tokens, and interacting with virtually every web application your employees use. Like any other software dependency — ",{"data":47701,"content":47702,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3288},[47703],{"data":47704,"marks":47705,"value":47707,"nodeType":865},{},[47706],{"type":997},"OAuth integrations",{"data":47709,"marks":47710,"value":47711,"nodeType":865},{},[]," being another relevant recent example in public breaches — each one expands your attack surface. ",{"data":47713,"content":47714,"nodeType":866},{},[47715],{"data":47716,"marks":47717,"value":47718,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The principles behind managing browser extensions need to be the same as any other software — default-deny, build an allowlist, monitor and maintain that allowlist. This might trigger some PTSD for security teams, but it shouldn’t. On the endpoint, application allowlisting has always been operationally painful — diverse workflows, unpredictable application needs, and the overhead of vetting every binary made it impractical for most organizations outside of high-security environments. In the browser, it’s not that serious. You’re not going to brick an endpoint by blocking a third-party browser extension. ",{"data":47720,"content":47721,"nodeType":866},{},[47722],{"data":47723,"marks":47724,"value":47726,"nodeType":865},{},[47725],{"type":961},"The browser is one of the few environments where an allowlisting approach is both technically feasible and operationally lightweight: use it to your advantage. ",{"data":47728,"content":47729,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":47731,"content":47732,"nodeType":866},{},[47733,47737,47745],{"data":47734,"marks":47735,"value":47736,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detects and blocks malicious browser extensions, and gives security teams the controls to ",{"data":47738,"content":47739,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18327},[47740],{"data":47741,"marks":47742,"value":47744,"nodeType":865},{},[47743],{"type":997},"enforce an extension allowlist and monitor for risky changes",{"data":47746,"marks":47747,"value":47748,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across every browser in the environment. Combined with protection against AiTM phishing, ClickFix attacks, session hijacking, and stolen credentials — plus proactive hardening for ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, and vulnerable passwords — Push provides browser-native visibility and control where it matters most.",{"data":47750,"content":47751,"nodeType":866},{},[47752,47755,47761,47764,47770,47773,47779],{"data":47753,"marks":47754,"value":21425,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47756,"content":47757,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21428},[47758],{"data":47759,"marks":47760,"value":21434,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47762,"marks":47763,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47765,"content":47766,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21440},[47767],{"data":47768,"marks":47769,"value":21446,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47771,"marks":47772,"value":21450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47774,"content":47775,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[47776],{"data":47777,"marks":47778,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":47780,"marks":47781,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Why relying on browser extension risk scoring is an antipattern that won’t predict your next breach","Why typical browser extension risk scores are poor predictors of which extensions will actually lead to a compromise.","2026-04-29T00:00:00.000Z","why-browser-extension-risk-scoring-wont-predict-your-next-breach",{"items":47787},[47788,47790],{"sys":47789,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"sys":47791,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"items":47793},[47794],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":47795},{"url":11434},"blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach",{"json":47798},{"data":47799,"content":47800,"nodeType":1739},{},[47801],{"data":47802,"content":47803,"nodeType":866},{},[47804],{"data":47805,"marks":47806,"value":47807,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ShinyHunters' 2025 hacking spree has continued at pace in 2026. 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",{"data":51890,"content":51894,"nodeType":925},{"target":51891},{"sys":51892},{"id":51893,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7s4kF5CUFUmdkhpzuwNalX",[],{"data":51896,"content":51897,"nodeType":866},{},[51898],{"data":51899,"marks":51900,"value":51901,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At the end of the attack chain, the attacker is effectively granted API access to the victim's Entra account, while sidestepping MFA (even passkeys), device compliance checks, and in some cases conditional access controls (depending on the application ID targeted by the attacker). ",{"data":51903,"content":51907,"nodeType":925},{"target":51904},{"sys":51905},{"id":51906,"type":922,"linkType":923},"IMtJXMWeaIbRsWxuQ1CaS",[],{"data":51909,"content":51910,"nodeType":866},{},[51911,51915,51923],{"data":51912,"marks":51913,"value":51914,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It didn’t take long for security researchers to jump on this new technique. Lots of contributors rallied round the security recommendations (which we covered in a ",{"data":51916,"content":51917,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16384},[51918],{"data":51919,"marks":51920,"value":51922,"nodeType":865},{},[51921],{"type":997},"follow-up blog post",{"data":51924,"marks":51925,"value":51926,"nodeType":865},{},[],") but the most notable contribution came from John Hammond, who took the attacker’s implementation and said “I can do better”. His v2 replaced a somewhat clunky implementation with a slick drag-and-drop function. But now, attackers have taken it one step further.",{"data":51928,"content":51932,"nodeType":925},{"target":51929},{"sys":51930},{"id":51931,"type":922,"linkType":923},"59tfJDRhGThKD48Wjg7uY2",[],{"data":51934,"content":51938,"nodeType":925},{"target":51935},{"sys":51936},{"id":51937,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6mEpyVD6f13ZttFmaBcxNm",[],{"data":51940,"content":51941,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":51943,"content":51944,"nodeType":963},{},[51945],{"data":51946,"marks":51947,"value":51949,"nodeType":865},{},[51948],{"type":961},"Introducing: ConsentFix v3",{"data":51951,"content":51952,"nodeType":866},{},[51953,51957,51966],{"data":51954,"marks":51955,"value":51956,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The latest development is that a member of the XSS criminal forum, a site strongly suspected to have ",{"data":51958,"content":51960,"nodeType":882},{"uri":51959},"https://flare.io/learn/resources/blog/state-of-the-dark-web-2026",[51961],{"data":51962,"marks":51963,"value":51965,"nodeType":865},{},[51964],{"type":997},"Russian state involvement",{"data":51967,"marks":51968,"value":51969,"nodeType":865},{},[],", has released a new tool “ConsentFix v3”, building on the v1 we saw in the wild, and John’s v2. ",{"data":51971,"content":51975,"nodeType":925},{"target":51972},{"sys":51973},{"id":51974,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4AW0UnBlIaXbIFZjy8ObY1",[],{"data":51977,"content":51981,"nodeType":925},{"target":51978},{"sys":51979},{"id":51980,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1b36XjqBpPx7wteBu6OA6h",[],{"data":51983,"content":51987,"nodeType":925},{"target":51984},{"sys":51985},{"id":51986,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4kbiWA3b096BAFGQuozPaK",[],{"data":51989,"content":51990,"nodeType":866},{},[51991,51995,52001],{"data":51992,"marks":51993,"value":51994,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It looks like broader cybercriminals are starting to take note of ConsentFix, and with the release of public tools like this one, it could be about to go mainstream — like ",{"data":51996,"content":51997,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[51998],{"data":51999,"marks":52000,"value":18122,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":52002,"marks":52003,"value":52004,"nodeType":865},{},[]," has this year. ",{"data":52006,"content":52007,"nodeType":866},{},[52008],{"data":52009,"marks":52010,"value":52011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at some of the more interesting details of the ConsentFix v3 implementation before considering the bigger picture.  ",{"data":52013,"content":52014,"nodeType":1458},{},[52015],{"data":52016,"marks":52017,"value":52019,"nodeType":865},{},[52018],{"type":961},"ConsentFix v3 under the hood",{"data":52021,"content":52022,"nodeType":866},{},[52023],{"data":52024,"marks":52025,"value":52026,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first thing that jumps out is just how detailed this forum post is. It reads like a security vendor blog post. It walks through the key technical concepts that the reader needs to know, breaking down OAuth grants, consent phishing, refresh tokens, and FOCI (or 'Family of Client IDs' — basically, the feature that allows attackers to use a refresh token obtained for one Microsoft app to be exchanged for access tokens to other FOCI apps without re-authentication). It then walks through the history of ClickFix and ConsentFix before providing step-by-step guidance for users. ",{"data":52028,"content":52029,"nodeType":866},{},[52030],{"data":52031,"marks":52032,"value":52033,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix v3 allows users to instrument the entire attack chain, enabling users to spin up ConsentFix infrastructure, create believable personas with which to interact with victims, craft and manage email campaigns, and automate the process of exchanging the captured OAuth token for session and refresh tokens to establish access to the compromised account. ",{"data":52035,"content":52036,"nodeType":866},{},[52037],{"data":52038,"marks":52039,"value":52040,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A combination of SaaS and open-source tools are used to perform the attack, including Cloudflare Workers for hosting, ZoomInfo for target identification, Dropbox for PDF hosting, and Pipedream as an exfiltration channel (effectively creating a webhook to automatically exchange the OAuth material in the URL for a refresh token). They also use hacker tools like SpecterPortal for post exploitation activity.",{"data":52042,"content":52043,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":52045,"content":52046,"nodeType":963},{},[52047],{"data":52048,"marks":52049,"value":52051,"nodeType":865},{},[52050],{"type":961},"Why attackers are turning to OAuth-based attacks",{"data":52053,"content":52054,"nodeType":866},{},[52055,52059,52066],{"data":52056,"marks":52057,"value":52058,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are increasingly turning to OAuth based techniques in 2026. Not only are “legit” OAuth connections being abused in supply chain attacks, but attacks targeting OAuth mechanisms have significantly increased with the rise of ",{"data":52060,"content":52061,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[52062],{"data":52063,"marks":52064,"value":18122,"nodeType":865},{},[52065],{"type":997},{"data":52067,"marks":52068,"value":52069,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This is because:",{"data":52071,"content":52072,"nodeType":1049},{},[52073,52083],{"data":52074,"content":52075,"nodeType":1003},{},[52076],{"data":52077,"content":52078,"nodeType":866},{},[52079],{"data":52080,"marks":52081,"value":52082,"nodeType":865},{},[],"OAuth attacks defeat standard access controls (including passkeys)",{"data":52084,"content":52085,"nodeType":1003},{},[52086],{"data":52087,"content":52088,"nodeType":866},{},[52089],{"data":52090,"marks":52091,"value":52092,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s very low friction, and less likely that users will identify it as phishing (see examples below)",{"data":52094,"content":52097,"nodeType":925},{"target":52095},{"sys":52096},{"id":51931,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":52099,"content":52102,"nodeType":925},{"target":52100},{"sys":52101},{"id":16456,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":52104,"content":52105,"nodeType":866},{},[52106],{"data":52107,"marks":52108,"value":52109,"nodeType":865},{},[],"From the user’s perspective, these aren’t situations that users are trained to treat as suspicious. In one case, the victim copies a URL (or simply drag-and-drops a box on the page). In another, they enter a short passcode that’s visible on the page. ",{"data":52111,"content":52112,"nodeType":866},{},[52113],{"data":52114,"marks":52115,"value":52116,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both are using pop-up windows that look very convincing — and point to legitimate Microsoft pages/URLs. Even users scrutinizing the domain won’t see anything out of place. And as you can see, if the user is already signed into their Microsoft account in the browser, there’s no credential entry or MFA checks to pass through. Simply select your account from the drop down menu and … that’s it.",{"data":52118,"content":52119,"nodeType":866},{},[52120],{"data":52121,"marks":52122,"value":52123,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This unfamiliarity is the same reason that attacks like ClickFix have been so successful. In general, convincing social engineering — well crafted comms, legit-looking pages hosted on trusted sites — combined with unfamiliar payloads makes for a clever attack. And when these attacks play out entirely in the browser (circumventing endpoint controls) and sidestep identity controls, the impact is dialled up even further. ",{"data":52125,"content":52126,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":52128,"content":52129,"nodeType":963},{},[52130],{"data":52131,"marks":52132,"value":52134,"nodeType":865},{},[52133],{"type":961},"How ConsentFix and device code phishing overlap",{"data":52136,"content":52137,"nodeType":866},{},[52138,52142,52149],{"data":52139,"marks":52140,"value":52141,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It was only ever going to be a matter of time before ConsentFix was adopted by the mass market. But these things don’t always happen particularly fast. ",{"data":52143,"content":52144,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[52145],{"data":52146,"marks":52147,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[52148],{"type":997},{"data":52150,"marks":52151,"value":52152,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is probably the best example of this — it’s been a known technique since 2021, but it took until this year to enter mainstream adoption. A big part of that has been the availability of criminal toolkits, and also the rise in AI-assisted capabilities for tool creation (clearly at play here too). The similarity with device code phishing doesn’t end there. ",{"data":52154,"content":52155,"nodeType":866},{},[52156,52160,52169,52173,52182],{"data":52157,"marks":52158,"value":52159,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both ConsentFix and device code phishing are OAuth attacks. They both find ways of bypassing the standard login procedure (and controls) by targeting different authorization flows, but with a similar outcome and the same advantages to an attacker. Device code phishing exploits the device authorization grant (",{"data":52161,"content":52163,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52162},"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8628",[52164],{"data":52165,"marks":52166,"value":52168,"nodeType":865},{},[52167],{"type":997},"RFC 8628",{"data":52170,"marks":52171,"value":52172,"nodeType":865},{},[],"). ConsentFix exploits the authorization code grant (",{"data":52174,"content":52176,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52175},"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1",[52177],{"data":52178,"marks":52179,"value":52181,"nodeType":865},{},[52180],{"type":997},"RFC 6749",{"data":52183,"marks":52184,"value":52185,"nodeType":865},{},[],") as implemented for native/desktop apps with localhost redirects. ",{"data":52187,"content":52188,"nodeType":866},{},[52189],{"data":52190,"marks":52191,"value":52192,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The post-compromise paths are essentially identical because the tokens you get are determined by which app you target, what scopes it has, and the victim user’s permissions, not by which OAuth flow you used to obtain them. The authorization code flow and the device code flow are just different front doors into the same token issuance system.",{"data":52194,"content":52198,"nodeType":925},{"target":52195},{"sys":52196},{"id":52197,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7np3j139dWMP7sLlUQwEFC",[],{"data":52200,"content":52201,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":52203,"content":52204,"nodeType":963},{},[52205],{"data":52206,"marks":52207,"value":52209,"nodeType":865},{},[52208],{"type":961},"The verdict: An interesting sign of what’s coming, but maybe not the final form",{"data":52211,"content":52212,"nodeType":866},{},[52213],{"data":52214,"marks":52215,"value":52216,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s clear that ConsentFix v3 isn’t exactly an industrialized PhaaS-scale offering. It’s probably closer to a red team-esque proof of concept. But it is a good example of how attackers could operationalize ConsentFix campaigns using largely off-the-shelf tooling and legit SaaS tools. And an indicator of what might be coming soon. ",{"data":52218,"content":52219,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":52221,"content":52222,"nodeType":963},{},[52223],{"data":52224,"marks":52225,"value":21272,"nodeType":865},{},[52226],{"type":961},{"data":52228,"content":52229,"nodeType":866},{},[52230],{"data":52231,"marks":52232,"value":52233,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To be able to tackle modern attacks like ConsentFix that occur entirely within the browser context, it is vital that organizations look to monitor the browser as a detection surface, hunt for signs of malicious activity, and block attacks in real-time — in the same way that you would expect EDR to work for endpoint attacks. We’ll talk about how we do this below, but first here’s some general recommendations. ",{"data":52235,"content":52236,"nodeType":1458},{},[52237],{"data":52238,"marks":52239,"value":52241,"nodeType":865},{},[52240],{"type":961},"Microsoft ecosystem",{"data":52243,"content":52244,"nodeType":866},{},[52245,52249,52257],{"data":52246,"marks":52247,"value":52248,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Despite the similarity with device code phishing, the ",{"data":52250,"content":52251,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21296},[52252],{"data":52253,"marks":52254,"value":52256,"nodeType":865},{},[52255],{"type":997},"primary recommendation from Microsoft for device code attacks",{"data":52258,"marks":52259,"value":52260,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — disable the device code flow via conditional access — doesn’t apply to ConsentFix (because, as mentioned, it uses a different login flow).",{"data":52262,"content":52263,"nodeType":866},{},[52264,52268,52277],{"data":52265,"marks":52266,"value":52267,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For both ConsentFix and device code phishing, the ",{"data":52269,"content":52271,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52270},"https://msendpointmgr.com/2026/01/08/consentfix-quickfix/",[52272],{"data":52273,"marks":52274,"value":52276,"nodeType":865},{},[52275],{"type":997},"strongest recommendation",{"data":52278,"marks":52279,"value":52280,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is to create Service Principals for each of the vulnerable apps and restrict the users that are authorized to access them to reduce the attack surface of users that can be phished with this method.",{"data":52282,"content":52283,"nodeType":866},{},[52284],{"data":52285,"marks":52286,"value":52287,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You should also hunt in logs for relevant application IDs and resource IDs, and look for mismatches in terms of the initial access IP and subsequent activity, because while the initial login is performed by the user, subsequent actions will be performed by the attacker.  ",{"data":52289,"content":52293,"nodeType":925},{"target":52290},{"sys":52291},{"id":52292,"type":922,"linkType":923},"49Y7NXpnAeAYe9fCp1oyKn",[],{"data":52295,"content":52296,"nodeType":1458},{},[52297],{"data":52298,"marks":52299,"value":52301,"nodeType":865},{},[52300],{"type":961},"Beyond Microsoft — Google, GitHub, Salesforce, AWS",{"data":52303,"content":52304,"nodeType":866},{},[52305],{"data":52306,"marks":52307,"value":52308,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth calling out that these recommendations are Microsoft specific. While in-the-wild exploitation has focused on Microsoft, GitHub, Salesforce, AWS and others are also impacted by device code phishing, supporting device code flow either as a primary or fallback mechanism (Google less so due to inherent restrictions on scopes authorized in the context of device code logins). ",{"data":52310,"content":52311,"nodeType":866},{},[52312],{"data":52313,"marks":52314,"value":52315,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Similarly, ConsentFix principles can be applied beyond Microsoft too. The core requirement is that an OAuth code ends up in a location the victim can manually see and share, e.g. a localhost redirect where no listener is present to complete the handshake. Google Cloud CLI, GitHub CLI, and others support the auth code grant and allow localhost as a redirect URI. ",{"data":52317,"content":52318,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":52320,"content":52321,"nodeType":963},{},[52322],{"data":52323,"marks":52324,"value":3604,"nodeType":865},{},[52325],{"type":961},{"data":52327,"content":52328,"nodeType":866},{},[52329],{"data":52330,"marks":52331,"value":52332,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re already detecting and blocking both ConsentFix and device code phishing attacks as they target users in their web browser. When a page matches our detections for a device code or ConsentFix phishing kit (not limited to things like known-bad IPs and domains, but DOM-level analysis of the web page) Push detects and blocks it. Unlike an SWG or RBI type solution, Push analyzes every web page in every browser session and tab, in real time, with no latency. ",{"data":52334,"content":52338,"nodeType":925},{"target":52335},{"sys":52336},{"id":52337,"type":922,"linkType":923},"63EwHbmFZVAlhoXl17Xjfi",[],{"data":52340,"content":52341,"nodeType":866},{},[52342,52345,52352],{"data":52343,"marks":52344,"value":21378,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":52346,"content":52347,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21381},[52348],{"data":52349,"marks":52350,"value":21387,"nodeType":865},{},[52351],{"type":997},{"data":52353,"marks":52354,"value":52355,"nodeType":865},{},[]," whenever a user accesses a URL used for device code logins, across any app that supports them. This provides universal, last-mile protection against even ‘zero-day’ device code phishing attacks using previously unidentified toolkits.  ",{"data":52357,"content":52361,"nodeType":925},{"target":52358},{"sys":52359},{"id":52360,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3baS2yqvJd2e4aczw73PTF",[],{"data":52363,"content":52364,"nodeType":866},{},[52365],{"data":52366,"marks":52367,"value":52368,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a user visits those URLs, Push will also emit a webhook event that the banner was shown and acknowledged. If a user opts to proceed, you can treat this as a high-fidelity alert for your security team to investigate, providing app-agnostic telemetry that may not already be provided in your logs from that particular vendor. You can also simply use Push to block users from accessing these pages if you’re confident that disruption won’t be caused. ",{"data":52370,"content":52371,"nodeType":1458},{},[52372],{"data":52373,"marks":52374,"value":1704,"nodeType":865},{},[52375],{"type":961},{"data":52377,"content":52378,"nodeType":866},{},[52379],{"data":52380,"marks":52381,"value":52382,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security's browser-based security platform detects and blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, device code phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don't need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":52384,"content":52385,"nodeType":866},{},[52386,52389,52396,52399,52406,52409,52416],{"data":52387,"marks":52388,"value":21425,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":52390,"content":52391,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21428},[52392],{"data":52393,"marks":52394,"value":21434,"nodeType":865},{},[52395],{"type":997},{"data":52397,"marks":52398,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":52400,"content":52401,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21440},[52402],{"data":52403,"marks":52404,"value":21446,"nodeType":865},{},[52405],{"type":997},{"data":52407,"marks":52408,"value":21450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":52410,"content":52411,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[52412],{"data":52413,"marks":52414,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[52415],{"type":997},{"data":52417,"marks":52418,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":52420},{"hyperlink":52421,"inline":52422,"block":52423},[],[],[52424,52429,52454,52459,52498,52505,52511,52514,52517,52580,52606,52613],{"sys":52425,"__typename":1747,"title":52426,"caption":52426,"layoutMode":59,"file":52427},{"id":51893},"ConsentFix attack breakdown: The victim is tricked into copy-and-pasting a URL containing OAuth key material into a phishing page.",{"url":52428,"width":1759,"height":16},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/tbetqlx85alVSg3LbHw8m/793ee588bd0347f6d1497b882b4a9f3f/image6.png",{"sys":52430,"__typename":9270,"content":52431,"name":52453,"title":59},{"id":51906},{"json":52432},{"nodeType":1739,"data":52433,"content":52434},{},[52435],{"nodeType":866,"data":52436,"content":52437},{},[52438,52442,52449],{"nodeType":865,"value":52439,"marks":52440,"data":52441},"This attack is best understood as post-authentication. If the victim is already signed in to Microsoft in their browser, they simply need to select their account name from a drop-down menu. There’s almost no friction — no credential entry or MFA checks. This is very similar to ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":52443,"content":52444},{"uri":1384},[52445],{"nodeType":865,"value":18122,"marks":52446,"data":52448},[52447],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52450,"marks":52451,"data":52452},", another OAuth-based phishing technique, which we’ve seen increase 37x this year. More on that later. ",[],{},"ConsentFix v3 IB1",{"sys":52455,"__typename":1747,"title":52456,"caption":52456,"layoutMode":59,"file":52457},{"id":51931},"John Hammond showed off a slick new ConsentFix implementation.",{"url":52458,"width":48586,"height":15309},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1bjvJgwJQYYITray4cgquD/056744beab8fd24153b1c42b73090aeb/consentfix_v2.gif",{"sys":52460,"__typename":9270,"content":52461,"name":52497,"title":59},{"id":51937},{"json":52462},{"nodeType":1739,"data":52463,"content":52464},{},[52465],{"nodeType":866,"data":52466,"content":52467},{},[52468,52472,52480,52484,52493],{"nodeType":865,"value":52469,"marks":52470,"data":52471},"We recently joined forces with John in a webinar where we showed off ConsentFix along with a host of other browser-based attacks. If you joined us, you’ll have already had a quick look at what we’re about to talk about below! ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":52473,"content":52474},{"uri":23920},[52475],{"nodeType":865,"value":52476,"marks":52477,"data":52479},"You can watch it on-demand here.",[52478],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52481,"marks":52482,"data":52483}," And you can watch John’s follow up on ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":52485,"content":52487},{"uri":52486},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T3oVdPCMDJw",[52488],{"nodeType":865,"value":52489,"marks":52490,"data":52492},"ConsentFix v3",[52491],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52494,"marks":52495,"data":52496}," here — definitely worth a watch as always! ",[],{},"ConsentFix v3 IB2",{"sys":52499,"__typename":1747,"title":52500,"caption":52500,"layoutMode":59,"file":52501},{"id":51974},"XSS forum post on ConsentFix v3",{"url":52502,"width":52503,"height":52504},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/KSVQYgv1VDhIF19jUcaOc/81fc5771fd4ce4fbe38d0d138f7970a6/image3.png",1915,1079,{"sys":52506,"__typename":1747,"title":52507,"caption":52507,"layoutMode":59,"file":52508},{"id":51980},"Description of ConsentFix v3 complete with summary video.",{"url":52509,"width":52510,"height":52504},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/stbiG200DHN4huH6iaCQg/d1db13d4e04c4c528ce35320b05f4d3d/image12.png",1919,{"sys":52512,"__typename":12453,"title":52489,"arcadeDemoUrl":52513,"playText":12456},{"id":51986},"https://demo.arcade.software/BO6Dc4lxhzlgHHvEeWi9?embed",{"sys":52515,"__typename":1747,"title":48582,"caption":48583,"layoutMode":59,"file":52516},{"id":16456},{"url":48585,"width":48586,"height":15309},{"sys":52518,"__typename":9270,"content":52519,"name":52579,"title":59},{"id":52197},{"json":52520},{"nodeType":1739,"data":52521,"content":52522},{},[52523,52530],{"nodeType":866,"data":52524,"content":52525},{},[52526],{"nodeType":865,"value":52527,"marks":52528,"data":52529},"The different application IDs that attackers can target here vary a little per technique based on the auth flows supported. FOCI apps present the broadest utility (particularly for non-admin targets) and can be targeted via both device code phishing and ConsentFix. In practice, this means an attacker who phishes a token for one app can silently pivot to access Outlook, Teams, OneDrive, SharePoint, and so on via API.",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":52531,"content":52532},{},[52533,52537,52545,52549,52554,52558,52563,52567,52575],{"nodeType":865,"value":52534,"marks":52535,"data":52536},"If they want to take it even further, they can use the well-known ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":52538,"content":52539},{"uri":18595},[52540],{"nodeType":865,"value":52541,"marks":52542,"data":52544},"Primary Refresh Token (PRT) escalation technique",[52543],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52546,"marks":52547,"data":52548}," to get seamless SSO across ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52550,"marks":52551,"data":52553},"all",[52552],{"type":944},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52555,"marks":52556,"data":52557}," Entra ID-connected applications and web services (basically upgrading to normal browser-level access). This requires that you specifically target the ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52559,"marks":52560,"data":52562},"Microsoft Authentication Broker",[52561],{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52564,"marks":52565,"data":52566}," application, chaining it into a new device registration in the victim's environment. (This is the method that ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":52568,"content":52569},{"uri":18692},[52570],{"nodeType":865,"value":52571,"marks":52572,"data":52574},"Storm-2372",[52573],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52576,"marks":52577,"data":52578}," used in a major 2025 device code phishing campaign.)",[],{},"ConsentFix v3 IB3",{"sys":52581,"__typename":9270,"content":52582,"name":52605,"title":59},{"id":52292},{"json":52583},{"data":52584,"content":52585,"nodeType":1739},{},[52586],{"data":52587,"content":52588,"nodeType":866},{},[52589,52592,52601],{"data":52590,"marks":52591,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":52593,"content":52595,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52594},"https://entrascopes.com/?foci=true",[52596],{"data":52597,"marks":52598,"value":52600,"nodeType":865},{},[52599],{"type":997},"This is a great resource",{"data":52602,"marks":52603,"value":52604,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from Fabian Bader and Dirk-jan Mollema enabling you to search through first-party Microsoft apps, resource IDs, FOCI apps, apps with conditional access exclusions, and those vulnerable to ConsentFix attacks. You’d need to go through the process of creating Service Principals for them and assign specific users based on required access. You’d want to do this for all of the apps that come with pre-consented permissions, conditional access exclusions, FOCI, and so on. But of course if an assigned user gets phished, the attack can still succeed. ","ConsentFix v3 IB4",{"sys":52607,"__typename":1747,"title":52608,"caption":52608,"layoutMode":59,"file":52609},{"id":52337},"When users attempt to visit malicious sites that trigger our detections, they are redirected to a safe URL and shown a customizable block screen.",{"url":52610,"width":52611,"height":52612},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2losZN7HBexdcDRlMGYMA6/0c24a2abdcc154c9faa33750db1eaed0/image4.png",1440,767,{"sys":52614,"__typename":1747,"title":52615,"caption":52615,"layoutMode":59,"file":52616},{"id":52360},"Device code phishing customizable warning banner.",{"url":52617,"width":52618,"height":52619},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/21kgdVDgvY6yI4cUzZ5eth/51fbb6782e10e4a23b37b020d8b288de/image10.png",1367,859,{"items":52621},[],{},"Investigating a new criminal toolkit for ConsentFix",{"items":52625},[52626,53485,56202],{"__typename":1788,"sys":52627,"content":52628,"title":38236,"synopsis":53473,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":53474,"slug":38237,"tagsCollection":53475,"authorsCollection":53481},{"id":17143},{"json":52629},{"data":52630,"content":52631,"nodeType":1739},{},[52632,52640,52647,52654,52661,52673,52680,52686,52692,52695,52703,52710,52717,52723,52743,52750,52756,52763,52769,52776,52819,52825,52831,52838,52845,52848,52856,52876,52883,52889,52907,52913,52932,52939,52942,52950,52957,53001,53013,53016,53024,53041,53048,53064,53071,53078,53084,53091,53094,53102,53109,53162,53169,53172,53180,53186,53193,53200,53206,53213,53246,53253,53260,53266,53273,53279,53287,53304,53311,53344,53351,53384,53387,53395,53402,53408,53427,53434,53461,53467],{"data":52633,"content":52634,"nodeType":963},{},[52635],{"data":52636,"marks":52637,"value":52639,"nodeType":865},{},[52638],{"type":961},"Introducing “ConsentFix” — a new kind of phishing attack",{"data":52641,"content":52642,"nodeType":866},{},[52643],{"data":52644,"marks":52645,"value":52646,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push browser agent recently detected and blocked a new attack technique seen targeting several Push customers. ",{"data":52648,"content":52649,"nodeType":866},{},[52650],{"data":52651,"marks":52652,"value":52653,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is a new kind of browser-based attack technique that takes over user accounts with a simple copy and paste. If you’re already logged into the app in your browser, you don’t even need to supply creds, or pass an MFA check — meaning it effectively circumvents phishing-resistant auth like passkeys too.",{"data":52655,"content":52656,"nodeType":866},{},[52657],{"data":52658,"marks":52659,"value":52660,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is so different from the AiTM phish kits we usually come up against that we felt it deserved a new name. ",{"data":52662,"content":52663,"nodeType":866},{},[52664,52669],{"data":52665,"marks":52666,"value":52668,"nodeType":865},{},[52667],{"type":961},"Enter: ConsentFix. ",{"data":52670,"marks":52671,"value":52672,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This attack shares a lot of similarities with ClickFix/FileFix, AiTM phishing, and OAuth Consent Phishing. You can think of this as a browser-native ClickFix attack that phishes an OAuth token on a target app by getting the victim to copy and paste a URL containing OAuth key material into a phishing page. ",{"data":52674,"content":52675,"nodeType":866},{},[52676],{"data":52677,"marks":52678,"value":52679,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The campaign we detected looks to be specifically targeting Microsoft accounts by abusing the Azure CLI OAuth app. Essentially, the attacker tricks the victim into logging into Azure CLI, by generating an OAuth authorization code — visible in a localhost URL — and then pasting that URL (including the code) into an attacker-controlled page. This then creates an OAuth connection between the victim’s Microsoft account and the attacker’s Azure CLI instance. ",{"data":52681,"content":52685,"nodeType":925},{"target":52682},{"sys":52683},{"id":52684,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5GTnqWIbmraz8HZeHMybrP",[],{"data":52687,"content":52691,"nodeType":925},{"target":52688},{"sys":52689},{"id":52690,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1lcjX5q3b1bsuhyOXKvJpW",[],{"data":52693,"content":52694,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":52696,"content":52697,"nodeType":963},{},[52698],{"data":52699,"marks":52700,"value":52702,"nodeType":865},{},[52701],{"type":961},"How ConsentFix works",{"data":52704,"content":52705,"nodeType":866},{},[52706],{"data":52707,"marks":52708,"value":52709,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In all of the examples we saw, the victim accessed a malicious or compromised webpage via Google Search. The vast majority of the sites we’ve seen associated with the campaign are legitimate, compromised websites with high domain reputation that are easily findable via search engines.",{"data":52711,"content":52712,"nodeType":866},{},[52713],{"data":52714,"marks":52715,"value":52716,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker had injected a fake Cloudflare Turnstile into the compromised websites, requiring an email address to be supplied in order to proceed. ",{"data":52718,"content":52722,"nodeType":925},{"target":52719},{"sys":52720},{"id":52721,"type":922,"linkType":923},"39jEjeLqOYIkGc4o9w3MuX",[],{"data":52724,"content":52725,"nodeType":866},{},[52726,52730,52739],{"data":52727,"marks":52728,"value":52729,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This acted as a form of ",{"data":52731,"content":52733,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52732},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/conditional-loading/",[52734],{"data":52735,"marks":52736,"value":52738,"nodeType":865},{},[52737],{"type":997},"conditional loading",{"data":52740,"marks":52741,"value":52742,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that would only continue if a valid email address and domain was supplied, designed to prevent the page from being analyzed by security bots, analysts, and low-value accounts that run the risk of exposing the campaign before the intended recipient(s) can be phished. ",{"data":52744,"content":52745,"nodeType":866},{},[52746],{"data":52747,"marks":52748,"value":52749,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If a domain not on the target list was provided, the victim was passed back to the original website and the attack did not progress to the next stage. Further, once the check has concluded per IP, the phishing page will no longer activate, even a different email is provided.  ",{"data":52751,"content":52755,"nodeType":925},{"target":52752},{"sys":52753},{"id":52754,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7ttmGnTzi9j87tBXfyFcOA",[],{"data":52757,"content":52758,"nodeType":866},{},[52759],{"data":52760,"marks":52761,"value":52762,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After entering an approved email address, the next stage was loaded, prompting the victim to complete a set of instructions on the page to continue.",{"data":52764,"content":52768,"nodeType":925},{"target":52765},{"sys":52766},{"id":52767,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2oHYNoMgAz6MdgLlcWjbaB",[],{"data":52770,"content":52771,"nodeType":866},{},[52772],{"data":52773,"marks":52774,"value":52775,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To complete the attack, the victim must:",{"data":52777,"content":52778,"nodeType":1049},{},[52779,52789,52799,52809],{"data":52780,"content":52781,"nodeType":1003},{},[52782],{"data":52783,"content":52784,"nodeType":866},{},[52785],{"data":52786,"marks":52787,"value":52788,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Click the “Sign In” button. This opens a new tab that loads a legitimate Microsoft URL associated with the user account/email used to access the page.",{"data":52790,"content":52791,"nodeType":1003},{},[52792],{"data":52793,"content":52794,"nodeType":866},{},[52795],{"data":52796,"marks":52797,"value":52798,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If the user is already logged into Microsoft in their browser, they simply need to select their MS account from the dropdown. Otherwise, they will be required to login via the legitimate Microsoft login URL (no phishing takes place at this stage). ",{"data":52800,"content":52801,"nodeType":1003},{},[52802],{"data":52803,"content":52804,"nodeType":866},{},[52805],{"data":52806,"marks":52807,"value":52808,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once logged into legit Microsoft or the account is selected from the dropdown, the user is redirected to localhost, which generates a URL containing a code associated with the user’s Microsoft account. ",{"data":52810,"content":52811,"nodeType":1003},{},[52812],{"data":52813,"content":52814,"nodeType":866},{},[52815],{"data":52816,"marks":52817,"value":52818,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To complete the phish, the victim copies the URL and pastes it onto the original page. ",{"data":52820,"content":52824,"nodeType":925},{"target":52821},{"sys":52822},{"id":52823,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7zendMbmCViGwtEpUQvq6y",[],{"data":52826,"content":52830,"nodeType":925},{"target":52827},{"sys":52828},{"id":52829,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1eZOs7hXi9FzCE92QEP6xh",[],{"data":52832,"content":52833,"nodeType":866},{},[52834],{"data":52835,"marks":52836,"value":52837,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once the steps are completed, the victim has granted the attacker access to their Microsoft account via Azure CLI. ",{"data":52839,"content":52840,"nodeType":866},{},[52841],{"data":52842,"marks":52843,"value":52844,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At this point, the attacker has effective control of the victim’s Microsoft account, but without ever needing to phish a password, or pass an MFA check. In fact, if the user was already logged in to their Microsoft account (i.e. they had an active session) no login is required at all. ",{"data":52846,"content":52847,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":52849,"content":52850,"nodeType":963},{},[52851],{"data":52852,"marks":52853,"value":52855,"nodeType":865},{},[52854],{"type":961},"The next evolution of ClickFix?",{"data":52857,"content":52858,"nodeType":866},{},[52859,52863,52872],{"data":52860,"marks":52861,"value":52862,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we presented ",{"data":52864,"content":52866,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52865},"https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/clickfix",[52867],{"data":52868,"marks":52869,"value":52871,"nodeType":865},{},[52870],{"type":997},"our last webinar on ClickFix",{"data":52873,"marks":52874,"value":52875,"nodeType":865},{},[],", we predicted that the next evolution of the attack would happen entirely within the browser context. This is because any attack that touches the endpoint (a traditionally much better protected surface) is way more likely to be detected. And with many ClickFix attacks being used to deliver infostealer malware, these attacks are really trying to get back into the browser anyway — to steal credentials and sessions stored there. ",{"data":52877,"content":52878,"nodeType":866},{},[52879],{"data":52880,"marks":52881,"value":52882,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the page — if you follow Push research, you might be getting déjà vu. ",{"data":52884,"content":52888,"nodeType":925},{"target":52885},{"sys":52886},{"id":52887,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1vMZCJ92IxFdR1EzzCOOvb",[],{"data":52890,"content":52891,"nodeType":866},{},[52892,52896,52904],{"data":52893,"marks":52894,"value":52895,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve seen this kind of embedded video player before (albeit a slicker looking one) that we blogged about as ",{"data":52897,"content":52898,"nodeType":882},{"uri":23626},[52899],{"data":52900,"marks":52901,"value":52903,"nodeType":865},{},[52902],{"type":997},"the most advanced ClickFix we’d seen",{"data":52905,"marks":52906,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":52908,"content":52912,"nodeType":925},{"target":52909},{"sys":52910},{"id":52911,"type":922,"linkType":923},"ID7VKJNOZk729P5zBOBjZ",[],{"data":52914,"content":52915,"nodeType":866},{},[52916,52920,52928],{"data":52917,"marks":52918,"value":52919,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another similarity with ClickFix campaigns we’ve investigated is the use of Google Search as a delivery vector. 4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push came via Google Search, with attackers using ",{"data":52921,"content":52923,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52922},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/malvertising/",[52924],{"data":52925,"marks":52926,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[52927],{"type":997},{"data":52929,"marks":52930,"value":52931,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and either compromised or custom vibe-coded websites to intercept users as they browse the internet. ",{"data":52933,"content":52934,"nodeType":866},{},[52935],{"data":52936,"marks":52937,"value":52938,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So it seems highly likely that this is a kind of browser-native evolution of ClickFix that shares many elements with typical ClickFix attacks, and is probably used by the same groups of attackers.",{"data":52940,"content":52941,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":52943,"content":52944,"nodeType":963},{},[52945],{"data":52946,"marks":52947,"value":52949,"nodeType":865},{},[52948],{"type":961},"OAuth shenanigans via Azure CLI",{"data":52951,"content":52952,"nodeType":866},{},[52953],{"data":52954,"marks":52955,"value":52956,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The clever use of Azure CLI and OAuth consent abuse is another clever iteration on previous techniques. ",{"data":52958,"content":52959,"nodeType":866},{},[52960,52964,52973,52976,52984,52988,52997],{"data":52961,"marks":52962,"value":52963,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve previously seen ",{"data":52965,"content":52967,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52966},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/consent-phishing/",[52968],{"data":52969,"marks":52970,"value":52972,"nodeType":865},{},[52971],{"type":997},"consent phishing",{"data":52974,"marks":52975,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":52977,"content":52979,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52978},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/device-code-phishing/",[52980],{"data":52981,"marks":52982,"value":18122,"nodeType":865},{},[52983],{"type":997},{"data":52985,"marks":52986,"value":52987,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks where attackers have tricked victims into connecting malicious external apps into their tenant via OAuth, but this is becoming increasingly difficult in core enterprise cloud environments like Azure due to ",{"data":52989,"content":52991,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52990},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/admin/misc/user-consent?view=o365-worldwide",[52992],{"data":52993,"marks":52994,"value":52996,"nodeType":865},{},[52995],{"type":997},"stricter default configs",{"data":52998,"marks":52999,"value":53000,"nodeType":865},{},[],". However, since Azure CLI is a first-party Microsoft app, it is implicitly trusted in Entra ID, and is excluded from these restrictions. ",{"data":53002,"content":53003,"nodeType":866},{},[53004,53008],{"data":53005,"marks":53006,"value":53007,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First-party apps like Azure CLI are trusted by default in all tenants, allowed to request permissions without admin approval, and cannot be deleted or blocked. They can also be granted special permissions, such as tenant-wide service permissions (without needing admin approval), use of legacy or undocumented graph scopes, internal scopes for Microsoft client operations, and permissions for Office/Entra admin functions. ",{"data":53009,"marks":53010,"value":53012,"nodeType":865},{},[53011],{"type":961},"This makes Azure CLI a prime target for attackers, and significantly more exploitable than when connecting a third-party app. ",{"data":53014,"content":53015,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":53017,"content":53018,"nodeType":963},{},[53019],{"data":53020,"marks":53021,"value":53023,"nodeType":865},{},[53022],{"type":961},"Advanced detection evasion techniques",{"data":53025,"content":53026,"nodeType":866},{},[53027,53031,53037],{"data":53028,"marks":53029,"value":53030,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This campaign features some of the most advanced ",{"data":53032,"content":53033,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13634},[53034],{"data":53035,"marks":53036,"value":18922,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":53038,"marks":53039,"value":53040,"nodeType":865},{},[]," we've seen in the wild. ",{"data":53042,"content":53043,"nodeType":866},{},[53044],{"data":53045,"marks":53046,"value":53047,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As well as the use of Google Search to deliver the lure, and bot protection to prevent security tools from analyzing the page, there were multiple layers of anti-analysis techniques to navigate.",{"data":53049,"content":53050,"nodeType":866},{},[53051,53055,53060],{"data":53052,"marks":53053,"value":53054,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We already mentioned the use of selective targeting based on email addresses and domain names. But all sites involved in the campaign also have synchronized IP blocking — meaning if you visit one site and are served one of the associated phishing pages, the phish will never be served again, ",{"data":53056,"marks":53057,"value":53059,"nodeType":865},{},[53058],{"type":961},"across any of the sites linked to the campaign",{"data":53061,"marks":53062,"value":53063,"nodeType":865},{},[],". When you visit any of the sites again, the phish won't trigger, and it can be browsed as normal. ",{"data":53065,"content":53066,"nodeType":866},{},[53067],{"data":53068,"marks":53069,"value":53070,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the backend, there are multiple checks based on your IP and identifiers unique to your session. Unless all of the conditions are met, certain JavaScript packages won't be served — preventing full inspection of the page to detect malicious elements. ",{"data":53072,"content":53073,"nodeType":866},{},[53074],{"data":53075,"marks":53076,"value":53077,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If the conditions aren't met, the page may not load the Cloudflare Turnstile check at all, or will redirect you back to the site to continue browsing as normal.",{"data":53079,"content":53083,"nodeType":925},{"target":53080},{"sys":53081},{"id":53082,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5v0zDoscA6pYLBfkXrNtIH",[],{"data":53085,"content":53086,"nodeType":866},{},[53087],{"data":53088,"marks":53089,"value":53090,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All of these make it incredibly hard to detect and block these attacks ahead of time when relying on URL-based checks and traffic analysis.",{"data":53092,"content":53093,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":53095,"content":53096,"nodeType":963},{},[53097],{"data":53098,"marks":53099,"value":53101,"nodeType":865},{},[53100],{"type":961},"Key takeaways",{"data":53103,"content":53104,"nodeType":866},{},[53105],{"data":53106,"marks":53107,"value":53108,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ConsentFix is a dangerous evolution of ClickFix and consent phishing that is incredibly hard for traditional security tools to detect and block, as:",{"data":53110,"content":53111,"nodeType":1049},{},[53112,53122,53132,53142,53152],{"data":53113,"content":53114,"nodeType":1003},{},[53115],{"data":53116,"content":53117,"nodeType":866},{},[53118],{"data":53119,"marks":53120,"value":53121,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack happens entirely inside the browser context, removing one of the key detection opportunities for ClickFix (because it doesn’t touch the endpoint).",{"data":53123,"content":53124,"nodeType":1003},{},[53125],{"data":53126,"content":53127,"nodeType":866},{},[53128],{"data":53129,"marks":53130,"value":53131,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Delivering the lure via a Google Search watering hole attack completely circumvents email-based anti-phishing controls.",{"data":53133,"content":53134,"nodeType":1003},{},[53135],{"data":53136,"content":53137,"nodeType":866},{},[53138],{"data":53139,"marks":53140,"value":53141,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Targeting a first-party app like Azure CLI means that many of the mitigating controls available for third-party app integrations do not apply — making this attack way harder to prevent.",{"data":53143,"content":53144,"nodeType":1003},{},[53145],{"data":53146,"content":53147,"nodeType":866},{},[53148],{"data":53149,"marks":53150,"value":53151,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because there’s no login required, phishing-resistant authentication controls like passkeys have no impact on this attack. ",{"data":53153,"content":53154,"nodeType":1003},{},[53155],{"data":53156,"content":53157,"nodeType":866},{},[53158],{"data":53159,"marks":53160,"value":53161,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The use of advanced detection evasion techniques makes this attack difficult to investigate, meaning these attacks are going undetected. ",{"data":53163,"content":53164,"nodeType":866},{},[53165],{"data":53166,"marks":53167,"value":53168,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re sure to see more examples of ConsentFix in future. We’ll be monitoring to see how attackers adapt in terms of integrating these capabilities with common as-a-Service offerings to make them more widespread, and whether the scope extends further beyond Microsoft / Azure CLI targets in the future to target other enterprise cloud ecosystems. ",{"data":53170,"content":53171,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":53173,"content":53174,"nodeType":963},{},[53175],{"data":53176,"marks":53177,"value":53179,"nodeType":865},{},[53178],{"type":961},"Recommendations",{"data":53181,"content":53185,"nodeType":925},{"target":53182},{"sys":53183},{"id":53184,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3aBCwdB2aNnLRxRN5RrshC",[],{"data":53187,"content":53188,"nodeType":866},{},[53189],{"data":53190,"marks":53191,"value":53192,"nodeType":865},{},[],"On the backend, exploitation of this attack will lead to login events being observed to the Microsoft Azure CLI app. It’s likely that any legitimate use of this will most likely be limited to system administrators and possibly developers. Therefore, logins outside of these groups will be inherently more suspicious.",{"data":53194,"content":53195,"nodeType":866},{},[53196],{"data":53197,"marks":53198,"value":53199,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Additionally, it’s possible that aspects of the logins themselves will be different between legitimate Azure CLI use and exploitation of this attack. For example, see the following logs from a lab environment. The login events with an application of  “Microsoft Azure CLI” and a resource of “Azure Resource Manager” was legitimate use of the Azure CLI using the powershell CLI framework. Conversely, the login event with the Resource of “Windows Azure Active Directory” was produced by logging in using the method used by the phishing kit.",{"data":53201,"content":53205,"nodeType":925},{"target":53202},{"sys":53203},{"id":53204,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6ie0nkk6XbgwidfwmiGwL4",[],{"data":53207,"content":53208,"nodeType":866},{},[53209],{"data":53210,"marks":53211,"value":53212,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There is no guarantee this can be used to differentiate between legitimate and malicious examples, but it’s another data point to consider. 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",{"data":56269,"content":56273,"nodeType":925},{"target":56270},{"sys":56271},{"id":56272,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3kvcGV2zZZUPnM8IK04Y1O",[],{"data":56275,"content":56276,"nodeType":866},{},[56277,56281,56289],{"data":56278,"marks":56279,"value":56280,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It didn’t stop there, though. What followed was a wide-scale campaign targeting Salesforce customers, with the attackers claiming to have stolen ",{"data":56282,"content":56283,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27493},[56284],{"data":56285,"marks":56286,"value":56288,"nodeType":865},{},[56287],{"type":997},"over 1.5 billion records from 1000+ companies",{"data":56290,"marks":56291,"value":56292,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across multiple verticals, including heavyweights like Google, Cloudflare, Workday, Adidas, FedEx, Disney, LVMH, and many more.",{"data":56294,"content":56295,"nodeType":866},{},[56296],{"data":56297,"marks":56298,"value":56299,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Around this time, the attackers began to refer to themselves as part of a wider collective, assuming the moniker “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” (a mash-up of names given by analysts and self-adopted by attackers — Scattered Spider, ShinyHunters, and Lapsus$).",{"data":56301,"content":56302,"nodeType":866},{},[56303,56307],{"data":56304,"marks":56305,"value":56306,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most significant breach this year to-date impacted Jaguar Land Rover. A ransomware attack resulted in months of disruption that directly impacted the UK’s GDP, with the government underwriting a $1.5B loan to alleviate the supply chain impact. ",{"data":56308,"marks":56309,"value":56311,"nodeType":865},{},[56310],{"type":961},"In fact, this was the most economically consequential cyber attack yet recorded in a G7 economy. ",{"data":56313,"content":56314,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":56316,"content":56317,"nodeType":963},{},[56318],{"data":56319,"marks":56320,"value":56322,"nodeType":865},{},[56321],{"type":961},"2025 wasn’t a one-off",{"data":56324,"content":56325,"nodeType":866},{},[56326],{"data":56327,"marks":56328,"value":56329,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The developments through 2025 have presented a stronger picture than ever before that cybercriminal operations are heavily interlinked. Groups overlap considerably, and individuals freely move between different cells. ",{"data":56331,"content":56332,"nodeType":866},{},[56333,56337,56342],{"data":56334,"marks":56335,"value":56336,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we scratch beneath the surface, this is evident in the tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) used by these attackers — even stretching as far back as 2021 with the initial rise of Lapsus$. This is not an accident. ",{"data":56338,"marks":56339,"value":56341,"nodeType":865},{},[56340],{"type":961},"The TTPs used show a conscious move by attackers to move away from environments that are well-protected by traditional security tools. ",{"data":56343,"marks":56344,"value":56345,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means avoiding targeting endpoints with malware, and not relying on software-based exploits. Instead, these attackers look to take over apps and services directly over the internet. ",{"data":56347,"content":56348,"nodeType":866},{},[56349],{"data":56350,"marks":56351,"value":56352,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most of the time, this is as simple as logging in to a SaaS app, or an enterprise SSO account (e.g. Microsoft, Okta, or Google) and dumping the data. For attackers that want to take it further, they can abuse the sprawl of interconnected apps that make up modern business IT, seeking out specific data or exploitable functionality. Or, they can leverage internet-accessible management portals to chart a path back to your on-premise assets, giving them everything they need to pivot toward more conventional methods such as ransomware deployment. ",{"data":56354,"content":56355,"nodeType":866},{},[56356,56360],{"data":56357,"marks":56358,"value":56359,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we look at historical breaches, the pattern is clear. ",{"data":56361,"marks":56362,"value":56364,"nodeType":865},{},[56363],{"type":961},"Not one of the attacks attributed to Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters, or its predecessors, started with an endpoint or network attack — they all began with account takeover. ",{"data":56366,"content":56370,"nodeType":925},{"target":56367},{"sys":56368},{"id":56369,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6poP5VM2ARrEvwKEG42HgK",[],{"data":56372,"content":56373,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":56375,"content":56376,"nodeType":963},{},[56377],{"data":56378,"marks":56379,"value":56381,"nodeType":865},{},[56380],{"type":961},"TTP breakdown: Analyzing the top “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” breaches since 2021",{"data":56383,"content":56384,"nodeType":1458},{},[56385],{"data":56386,"marks":56387,"value":56389,"nodeType":865},{},[56388],{"type":961},"Phishing and stolen credentials",{"data":56391,"content":56395,"nodeType":925},{"target":56392},{"sys":56393},{"id":56394,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4SNOanDIdGZsvRRnMYQVSo",[],{"data":56397,"content":56398,"nodeType":866},{},[56399],{"data":56400,"marks":56401,"value":56404,"nodeType":865},{},[56402,56403],{"type":961},{"type":997},"EA Games (2021)",{"data":56406,"content":56407,"nodeType":866},{},[56408,56412,56421],{"data":56409,"marks":56410,"value":56411,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers used stolen session cookies to log into EA’s Slack instance, purchased on a criminal forum. Combined with ",{"data":56413,"content":56415,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56414},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-slack-persistence/",[56416],{"data":56417,"marks":56418,"value":56420,"nodeType":865},{},[56419],{"type":997},"social engineering via Slack",{"data":56422,"marks":56423,"value":56424,"nodeType":865},{},[],", this was used to steal 750GB of data, including video game source code. ",{"data":56426,"content":56427,"nodeType":866},{},[56428],{"data":56429,"marks":56430,"value":56433,"nodeType":865},{},[56431,56432],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Nvidia (2022)",{"data":56435,"content":56436,"nodeType":866},{},[56437],{"data":56438,"marks":56439,"value":56440,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to steal 1TB of data from Nvidia’s internal shares, including a significant amount of sensitive information about the designs of Nvidia graphics cards, source code, and the usernames and passwords of more than 71,000 Nvidia employees.",{"data":56442,"content":56443,"nodeType":866},{},[56444],{"data":56445,"marks":56446,"value":56449,"nodeType":865},{},[56447,56448],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Microsoft (2022)",{"data":56451,"content":56452,"nodeType":866},{},[56453,56457,56465],{"data":56454,"marks":56455,"value":56456,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials combined with SIM swapping and ",{"data":56458,"content":56460,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56459},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_fatigue/description.md",[56461],{"data":56462,"marks":56463,"value":56464,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA fatigue",{"data":56466,"marks":56467,"value":56468,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks to steal Azure DevOps source code — leaked a 9GB archive of Microsoft source code – including ~90% of Bing and 45% of Cortana code. ",{"data":56470,"content":56471,"nodeType":866},{},[56472],{"data":56473,"marks":56474,"value":56477,"nodeType":865},{},[56475,56476],{"type":961},{"type":997},"T-Mobile (2022)",{"data":56479,"content":56480,"nodeType":866},{},[56481],{"data":56482,"marks":56483,"value":56484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to establish initial access, coupled with social engineering T-Mobile staff into approving the attacker’s device for VPN access. This resulted in source code being stolen from over 30,000 repositories. ",{"data":56486,"content":56487,"nodeType":866},{},[56488],{"data":56489,"marks":56490,"value":56493,"nodeType":865},{},[56491,56492],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Snowflake (165 customers) (2024)",{"data":56495,"content":56496,"nodeType":866},{},[56497,56501,56509,56513,56521],{"data":56498,"marks":56499,"value":56500,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers targeted ",{"data":56502,"content":56503,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3904},[56504],{"data":56505,"marks":56506,"value":56508,"nodeType":865},{},[56507],{"type":997},"165 Snowflake customers",{"data":56510,"marks":56511,"value":56512,"nodeType":865},{},[]," using stolen credentials from credential breaches dating back as far as 2020. Due to widespread MFA gaps and the presence of ",{"data":56514,"content":56516,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56515},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/ghost_logins/description.md",[56517],{"data":56518,"marks":56519,"value":10345,"nodeType":865},{},[56520],{"type":997},{"data":56522,"marks":56523,"value":56524,"nodeType":865},{},[],", attackers were able to simply log in to individual customer tenants, dump the data, and use it to extort the companies. In total, 9 public victims were named following the breach, with over 1B breached customer records. ",{"data":56526,"content":56527,"nodeType":866},{},[56528],{"data":56529,"marks":56530,"value":56533,"nodeType":865},{},[56531,56532],{"type":961},{"type":997},"PowerSchool (2024)",{"data":56535,"content":56536,"nodeType":866},{},[56537],{"data":56538,"marks":56539,"value":56540,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers gained access to a community-focused customer support portal, PowerSource, using compromised credentials and stole data using an \"export data manager\" customer support tool, stealing the data of 62.4 million students and 9.5 million teachers. PowerSchool paid an undisclosed ransom fee, but hackers returned later to extort schools and individuals separately anyway.",{"data":56542,"content":56543,"nodeType":866},{},[56544],{"data":56545,"marks":56546,"value":56549,"nodeType":865},{},[56547,56548],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Red Hat (2025)",{"data":56551,"content":56552,"nodeType":866},{},[56553,56557,56564],{"data":56554,"marks":56555,"value":56556,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers breached Red Hat’s GitLab instance via a compromised account — the result of ",{"data":56558,"content":56559,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56515},[56560],{"data":56561,"marks":56562,"value":10345,"nodeType":865},{},[56563],{"type":997},{"data":56565,"marks":56566,"value":56567,"nodeType":865},{},[]," providing a backdoor to access an otherwise secure, SSO-connected account. Stolen data included approximately 800 Customer Engagement Reports (CERs), authentication tokens, full database URIs, and other private information in Red Hat code and CERs, which they claimed to use to gain access to downstream customer infrastructure. ",{"data":56569,"content":56573,"nodeType":925},{"target":56570},{"sys":56571},{"id":56572,"type":922,"linkType":923},"G1V7d5Dvevmr9p0YXElPX",[],{"data":56575,"content":56576,"nodeType":866},{},[56577],{"data":56578,"marks":56579,"value":56582,"nodeType":865},{},[56580,56581],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Discord (2025)",{"data":56584,"content":56585,"nodeType":866},{},[56586],{"data":56587,"marks":56588,"value":56589,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Zendesk customer support account, stealing 1.6TB of data. The hackers say this consisted of roughly 8.4 million tickets affecting 5.5 million unique users, and that about 580,000 users contained payment information.",{"data":56591,"content":56592,"nodeType":866},{},[56593],{"data":56594,"marks":56595,"value":56598,"nodeType":865},{},[56596,56597],{"type":961},{"type":997},"SoundCloud, MatchGroup, Crunchbase, Betterment... (2026)",{"data":56600,"content":56601,"nodeType":866},{},[56602,56606,56614,56617,56625,56629,56636],{"data":56603,"marks":56604,"value":56605,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters have already claimed several public victims in 2026, with over 60 million breached records. ",{"data":56607,"content":56609,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56608},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claim-to-be-behind-sso-account-data-theft-attacks/",[56610],{"data":56611,"marks":56612,"value":56613,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SoundCloud, Betterment, Crunchbase",{"data":56615,"marks":56616,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":56618,"content":56620,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56619},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/match-group-breach-exposes-data-from-hinge-tinder-okcupid-and-match/",[56621],{"data":56622,"marks":56623,"value":56624,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MatchGroup",{"data":56626,"marks":56627,"value":56628,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have all reported breaches this month, powered by a brand ",{"data":56630,"content":56631,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16578},[56632],{"data":56633,"marks":56634,"value":56635,"nodeType":865},{},[],"new real-time-operated AiTM phishing kit",{"data":56637,"marks":56638,"value":56639,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeting Okta, Entra, and Google SSO accounts. This is a developing situation, with more victims expected to be announced publicly soon.",{"data":56641,"content":56642,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":56644,"content":56645,"nodeType":1458},{},[56646],{"data":56647,"marks":56648,"value":56650,"nodeType":865},{},[56649],{"type":961},"Vishing and help desk scams",{"data":56652,"content":56653,"nodeType":866},{},[56654],{"data":56655,"marks":56656,"value":56659,"nodeType":865},{},[56657,56658],{"type":961},{"type":997},"MGM Resorts & Caesars (2023)",{"data":56661,"content":56662,"nodeType":866},{},[56663,56667,56676],{"data":56664,"marks":56665,"value":56666,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MGM Resorts and Caesars were hit with twin breaches in 2023. Attackers socially engineered help desk personnel to take over accounts with Super Administrator privileges within MGM Resorts’ Okta tenant, which they then used to register a second, attacker-controlled IdP via ",{"data":56668,"content":56670,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56669},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/inbound_federation/description.md",[56671],{"data":56672,"marks":56673,"value":56675,"nodeType":865},{},[56674],{"type":997},"inbound federation",{"data":56677,"marks":56678,"value":56679,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — granting comprehensive access that was used to deploy ransomware. ",{"data":56681,"content":56682,"nodeType":866},{},[56683],{"data":56684,"marks":56685,"value":56688,"nodeType":865},{},[56686,56687],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Transport for London (2024)",{"data":56690,"content":56691,"nodeType":866},{},[56692],{"data":56693,"marks":56694,"value":56695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers socially engineered the Transport for London help desk to gain privileged access to the IT environment, resulting in prolonged disruption to key online services underpinning London’s public transport network, theft of 5,000 users bank details, and all 30,000 staff members having to reset their online credentials in person.",{"data":56697,"content":56698,"nodeType":866},{},[56699],{"data":56700,"marks":56701,"value":56704,"nodeType":865},{},[56702,56703],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Marks & Spencer (2025)",{"data":56706,"content":56707,"nodeType":866},{},[56708,56712,56721,56725,56734],{"data":56709,"marks":56710,"value":56711,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Microsoft Entra account belonging to a privileged user via a ",{"data":56713,"content":56715,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56714},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-spider-defending-against-help-desk-scams/",[56716],{"data":56717,"marks":56718,"value":56720,"nodeType":865},{},[56719],{"type":997},"help desk scam",{"data":56722,"marks":56723,"value":56724,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which enabled them to steal sensitive data from cloud environments, as well as pivot to deploy ransomware via the ",{"data":56726,"content":56728,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56727},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/vsphere-active-directory-integration-risks",[56729],{"data":56730,"marks":56731,"value":56733,"nodeType":865},{},[56732],{"type":997},"VMware admin console",{"data":56735,"marks":56736,"value":56737,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This enabled ransomware to be deployed at the hypervisor layer, evading host-based protections like EDR. ",{"data":56739,"content":56743,"nodeType":925},{"target":56740},{"sys":56741},{"id":56742,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7hBdHG74NaA3bQfOMpYA9o",[],{"data":56745,"content":56746,"nodeType":866},{},[56747],{"data":56748,"marks":56749,"value":56752,"nodeType":865},{},[56750,56751],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Jaguar Land Rover (2025)",{"data":56754,"content":56755,"nodeType":866},{},[56756],{"data":56757,"marks":56758,"value":56759,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers compromised highly privileged admin accounts via a help desk scam, which they leveraged to access and deploy ransomware to all aspects of Jaguar’s business, from CAD and engineering software, to payments tracking, to customer car delivery, using similar techniques to the Marks & Spencer breach. ",{"data":56761,"content":56765,"nodeType":925},{"target":56762},{"sys":56763},{"id":56764,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6s1X2fo4K9EeVLBmHm4YXb",[],{"data":56767,"content":56768,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":56770,"content":56771,"nodeType":1458},{},[56772],{"data":56773,"marks":56774,"value":694,"nodeType":865},{},[56775],{"type":961},{"data":56777,"content":56778,"nodeType":866},{},[56779],{"data":56780,"marks":56781,"value":56784,"nodeType":865},{},[56782,56783],{"type":961},{"type":997},"Salesforce & Salesloft (1000+ customers) (2025)",{"data":56786,"content":56787,"nodeType":866},{},[56788],{"data":56789,"marks":56790,"value":56791,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A vast campaign against Salesforce customers resulted in the compromise of 1000+ Salesforce tenants (according to the attacker) with more than 1.5 billion records stolen. This campaign can consisted of three phases:",{"data":56793,"content":56794,"nodeType":1049},{},[56795,56810,56825],{"data":56796,"content":56797,"nodeType":1003},{},[56798],{"data":56799,"content":56800,"nodeType":866},{},[56801,56806],{"data":56802,"marks":56803,"value":56805,"nodeType":865},{},[56804],{"type":961},"Phase 1:",{"data":56807,"marks":56808,"value":56809,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The attacker conducted a large-scale vishing campaign against Salesforce customers, calling up users and socially engineering them into connecting a malicious version of the “Data Loader” app into their tenant. This was in fact an attacker-controlled app that enabled data to be mass-exfiltrated via API. ",{"data":56811,"content":56812,"nodeType":1003},{},[56813],{"data":56814,"content":56815,"nodeType":866},{},[56816,56821],{"data":56817,"marks":56818,"value":56820,"nodeType":865},{},[56819],{"type":961},"Phase 2: ",{"data":56822,"marks":56823,"value":56824,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker conducted a supply-chain compromise against customers of Salesloft. Users of Salesloft’s “Drift” integration were impacted by attackers stealing access tokens from Salesloft’s AWS environment. This integration allowed the attacker to steal data from customers that had deployed Drift to connected environments — namely, Salesforce, and Google Workspace. ",{"data":56826,"content":56827,"nodeType":1003},{},[56828],{"data":56829,"content":56830,"nodeType":866},{},[56831,56836,56840,56847],{"data":56832,"marks":56833,"value":56835,"nodeType":865},{},[56834],{"type":961},"Phase 3:",{"data":56837,"marks":56838,"value":56839,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The attacker then conducted a separate supply-chain compromise involving Gainsight (allegedly using OAuth tokens stolen in the Salesloft attack) which enabled them to ",{"data":56841,"content":56842,"nodeType":882},{"uri":42120},[56843],{"data":56844,"marks":56845,"value":56846,"nodeType":865},{},[],"breach a further 285 Salesforce instances",{"data":56848,"marks":56849,"value":56850,"nodeType":865},{},[]," using stolen OAuth tokens from Gainsight's integrations. ",{"data":56852,"content":56856,"nodeType":925},{"target":56853},{"sys":56854},{"id":56855,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3TwjpVKQ42SwQRhvGFbZdn",[],{"data":56858,"content":56859,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":56861,"content":56862,"nodeType":1458},{},[56863],{"data":56864,"marks":56865,"value":699,"nodeType":865},{},[56866],{"type":961},{"data":56868,"content":56869,"nodeType":866},{},[56870],{"data":56871,"marks":56872,"value":56875,"nodeType":865},{},[56873,56874],{"type":961},{"type":997},"CyberHaven (2024)",{"data":56877,"content":56878,"nodeType":866},{},[56879],{"data":56880,"marks":56881,"value":56882,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hackers phished a CyberHaven extension developer and uploaded a malicious version of the CyberHaven extension to the Chrome Web Store, leading to customer data breaches where installed in user browsers, impacting CyberHaven’s estimated ~400 business customers. This was part of a broader campaign that targeted 35 Chrome extensions, collectively impacting over 2.5 million users.",{"data":56884,"content":56888,"nodeType":925},{"target":56885},{"sys":56886},{"id":56887,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4ErDI0xi0Vj2Zrk8Qsb2NB",[],{"data":56890,"content":56891,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":56893,"content":56894,"nodeType":963},{},[56895],{"data":56896,"marks":56897,"value":56899,"nodeType":865},{},[56898],{"type":961},"The bigger picture",{"data":56901,"content":56902,"nodeType":866},{},[56903],{"data":56904,"marks":56905,"value":56906,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters are dominating the headlines right now, but they aren’t the only attackers using these modern techniques and consciously evading established security controls. ",{"data":56908,"content":56909,"nodeType":866},{},[56910],{"data":56911,"marks":56912,"value":56913,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Threat reports agree that attackers are steering away from traditional exploit and malware-driven breaches towards identities:",{"data":56915,"content":56916,"nodeType":1049},{},[56917,56939,56961],{"data":56918,"content":56919,"nodeType":1003},{},[56920],{"data":56921,"content":56922,"nodeType":866},{},[56923,56927,56935],{"data":56924,"marks":56925,"value":56926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity-based attacks surged 32% in the last year, while 97% of identity attacks are password-based, driven by credential leaks and infostealer malware. 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(",{"data":56950,"content":56952,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56951},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/global-threat-report/",[56953],{"data":56954,"marks":56955,"value":56957,"nodeType":865},{},[56956],{"type":997},"CrowdStrike",{"data":56959,"marks":56960,"value":56938,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":56962,"content":56963,"nodeType":1003},{},[56964],{"data":56965,"content":56966,"nodeType":866},{},[56967,56971,56979],{"data":56968,"marks":56969,"value":56970,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credential abuse and phishing combined accounted for 38% of breaches, making identity the primary breach vector observed. 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They just need to stop clicking on things.",{"data":61611,"content":61612,"nodeType":1003},{},[61613],{"data":61614,"content":61615,"nodeType":866},{},[61616],{"data":61617,"marks":61618,"value":61619,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The internet is a giant clicking-on-things machine.",{"data":61621,"content":61622,"nodeType":866},{},[61623],{"data":61624,"marks":61625,"value":61626,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In particular, when we look at the TTPs of modern browser-based attacks that target employees, it’s obvious where this disconnect has real consequences. 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",{"data":61911,"marks":61912,"value":61914,"nodeType":865},{},[61913],{"type":961},"Easy, right?",{"data":61916,"content":61917,"nodeType":1458},{},[61918],{"data":61919,"marks":61920,"value":61922,"nodeType":865},{},[61921],{"type":961},"Can't we block users from interacting with bad content? ",{"data":61924,"content":61925,"nodeType":866},{},[61926],{"data":61927,"marks":61928,"value":61929,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So if you can’t train your way out of these problems, what about locking down and blocking your way out of the problem?",{"data":61931,"content":61932,"nodeType":866},{},[61933],{"data":61934,"marks":61935,"value":61936,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This, too, simply isn’t really feasible. ",{"data":61938,"content":61939,"nodeType":866},{},[61940],{"data":61941,"marks":61942,"value":61943,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modern cloud-first adversaries routinely rotate domains on malicious pages; use trusted services like SharePoint, Adobe, Google Sites, Cloudflare, and Atlassian to deliver lures; target end-users across multiple channels, including social media, forums, chat platforms, Google search results, email, and webpages; and use legitimate security tools like bot protection to bypass detection by other legitimate security tools, such as web content scanning and analysis solutions.",{"data":61945,"content":61946,"nodeType":866},{},[61947,61951,61955,61960],{"data":61948,"marks":61949,"value":61950,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To safely navigate the internet today, y",{"data":61952,"marks":61953,"value":61954,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ou need to be able to spot malicious pages and content ",{"data":61956,"marks":61957,"value":61959,"nodeType":865},{},[61958],{"type":961},"the first time they're seen in the wild",{"data":61961,"marks":61962,"value":61963,"nodeType":865},{},[],". If you're relying on indicators of known bad, you're always a step behind, leaving users exposed.",{"data":61965,"content":61969,"nodeType":925},{"target":61966},{"sys":61967},{"id":61968,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3ZfqOLRdJZJIc78rj9E9JZ",[],{"data":61971,"content":61972,"nodeType":866},{},[61973],{"data":61974,"marks":61975,"value":61976,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To protect users while they work online, you need a purpose-built security tool that can respond in real time to modern TTPs and guide users securely — without introducing extra work or a lot of friction. Push can help with that.",{"data":61978,"content":61979,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":61981,"content":61982,"nodeType":963},{},[61983],{"data":61984,"marks":61985,"value":61987,"nodeType":865},{},[61986],{"type":961},"Why in-browser controls?",{"data":61989,"content":61990,"nodeType":866},{},[61991],{"data":61992,"marks":61993,"value":61994,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Simply put, using in-browser security controls gets you the closest to the user and their work in order to protect them from modern browser-based threats. Adding in-browser controls also solves two tricky problems for security teams: ",{"data":61996,"content":61997,"nodeType":1049},{},[61998,62013],{"data":61999,"content":62000,"nodeType":1003},{},[62001],{"data":62002,"content":62003,"nodeType":866},{},[62004,62009],{"data":62005,"marks":62006,"value":62008,"nodeType":865},{},[62007],{"type":961},"Filling the gap between solution layers",{"data":62010,"marks":62011,"value":62012,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in order to detect and block attack methods like Adversary-in-the-Middle phishing, malicious browser extensions, and ClickFix-style social engineering attacks that other tools miss.",{"data":62014,"content":62015,"nodeType":1003},{},[62016],{"data":62017,"content":62018,"nodeType":866},{},[62019,62024],{"data":62020,"marks":62021,"value":62023,"nodeType":865},{},[62022],{"type":961},"Providing just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":62025,"marks":62026,"value":62027,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to end-users when it’s the right moment to act on that guidance, reducing your attack surface across your online apps, browser extensions, and accounts, and ensuring your app usage policies are followed.",{"data":62029,"content":62030,"nodeType":1458},{},[62031],{"data":62032,"marks":62033,"value":62034,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Fill the gap between solution layers",{"data":62036,"content":62037,"nodeType":866},{},[62038,62042,62047],{"data":62039,"marks":62040,"value":62041,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most existing security solutions operate just ",{"data":62043,"marks":62044,"value":62046,"nodeType":865},{},[62045],{"type":944},"outside",{"data":62048,"marks":62049,"value":62050,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the context of a user interacting with a webpage. This leaves blind spots that attackers are exploiting between layers of security tooling.",{"data":62052,"content":62053,"nodeType":866},{},[62054,62058,62068],{"data":62055,"marks":62056,"value":62057,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For example, network proxies see HTTP requests, URLs, and page headers, but not the ",{"data":62059,"content":62063,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62060},{"sys":62061},{"id":62062,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5caCcGCqMMPm5KlwUv0sbz",[62064],{"data":62065,"marks":62066,"value":62067,"nodeType":865},{},[],"structural elements",{"data":62069,"marks":62070,"value":62071,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of the DOM or on-page user interactions that are key to fingerprinting the behavior of AiTM phishing kits or ClickFix-style social engineering attacks. ",{"data":62073,"content":62074,"nodeType":866},{},[62075,62079,62089,62093,62103],{"data":62076,"marks":62077,"value":62078,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Similarly, ",{"data":62080,"content":62084,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62081},{"sys":62082},{"id":62083,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6YWYKGESlyUKQxvhKmBzeH",[62085],{"data":62086,"marks":62087,"value":62088,"nodeType":865},{},[],"EDR tools",{"data":62090,"marks":62091,"value":62092,"nodeType":865},{},[]," only see the bad thing when it hits the endpoint, and many ",{"data":62094,"content":62098,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62095},{"sys":62096},{"id":62097,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2k2aDK5dyQKlQBrk66pMXE",[62099],{"data":62100,"marks":62101,"value":62102,"nodeType":865},{},[],"cloud security tools",{"data":62104,"marks":62105,"value":62106,"nodeType":865},{},[]," rely on complex policy configurations across a core set of apps to provide security protection — leaving a gap in detection and response capabilities outside their purview.",{"data":62108,"content":62112,"nodeType":925},{"target":62109},{"sys":62110},{"id":62111,"type":922,"linkType":923},"50NyBpr96dKspvTzJTBOlC",[],{"data":62114,"content":62115,"nodeType":1458},{},[62116],{"data":62117,"marks":62118,"value":62119,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Provide just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":62121,"content":62122,"nodeType":866},{},[62123,62127,62135],{"data":62124,"marks":62125,"value":62126,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As some of our customers like to say, Push provides security teams with a ",{"data":62128,"content":62130,"nodeType":882},{"uri":62129},"/customer-stories/upvest",[62131],{"data":62132,"marks":62133,"value":62134,"nodeType":865},{},[],"“seat on the user’s side”",{"data":62136,"marks":62137,"value":62138,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of the equation so you can enforce security best practices.",{"data":62140,"content":62141,"nodeType":866},{},[62142],{"data":62143,"marks":62144,"value":62145,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Having that seat on the user’s side also helps you deliver guidance in the right context for it to be followed: When the user is engaged in doing the behavior you want to influence (or prevent). The right information, at the right time, in the right format — not a belated reminder through a different channel that’s easy to ignore.",{"data":62147,"content":62148,"nodeType":866},{},[62149],{"data":62150,"marks":62151,"value":62152,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With those outcomes in mind, let’s look at some specific solutions from the Push platform.",{"data":62154,"content":62155,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":62157,"content":62158,"nodeType":963},{},[62159],{"data":62160,"marks":62161,"value":62163,"nodeType":865},{},[62162],{"type":961},"How Push helps you protect users from browser-based ATO, ClickFix, and similar attacks",{"data":62165,"content":62166,"nodeType":866},{},[62167],{"data":62168,"marks":62169,"value":62170,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push platform provides out-of-the-box detections for browser-based attacks, including:",{"data":62172,"content":62173,"nodeType":1049},{},[62174,62196,62219,62240],{"data":62175,"content":62176,"nodeType":1003},{},[62177],{"data":62178,"content":62179,"nodeType":866},{},[62180,62183,62192],{"data":62181,"marks":62182,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62184,"content":62188,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62185},{"sys":62186},{"id":62187,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7KRnTSnJAbbiho69gNyN0B",[62189],{"data":62190,"marks":62191,"value":8657,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62193,"marks":62194,"value":62195,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that can bypass MFA",{"data":62197,"content":62198,"nodeType":1003},{},[62199],{"data":62200,"content":62201,"nodeType":866},{},[62202,62205,62215],{"data":62203,"marks":62204,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62206,"content":62210,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62207},{"sys":62208},{"id":62209,"type":922,"linkType":923},"jN3GN5ddMJZiDtl0fgUVd",[62211],{"data":62212,"marks":62213,"value":62214,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Cloned login pages",{"data":62216,"marks":62217,"value":62218,"nodeType":865},{},[]," designed to steal user credentials",{"data":62220,"content":62221,"nodeType":1003},{},[62222],{"data":62223,"content":62224,"nodeType":866},{},[62225,62228,62237],{"data":62226,"marks":62227,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62229,"content":62233,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62230},{"sys":62231},{"id":62232,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5NyiWgjMDwk16XZ0S681JK",[62234],{"data":62235,"marks":62236,"value":699,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62238,"marks":62239,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62241,"content":62242,"nodeType":1003},{},[62243],{"data":62244,"content":62245,"nodeType":866},{},[62246,62249,62259],{"data":62247,"marks":62248,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62250,"content":62254,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62251},{"sys":62252},{"id":62253,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7jygmadjoz0asAHv7e5PuK",[62255],{"data":62256,"marks":62257,"value":62258,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious copy and paste attacks",{"data":62260,"marks":62261,"value":62262,"nodeType":865},{},[]," like ClickFix, FileFix, and similar",{"data":62264,"content":62265,"nodeType":866},{},[62266],{"data":62267,"marks":62268,"value":62269,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For each of these attack vectors, Push delivers detection events and associated metadata for quick triage by the security team, as well as employee-facing warn or block screens, based on your selected configuration.",{"data":62271,"content":62272,"nodeType":866},{},[62273],{"data":62274,"marks":62275,"value":62276,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here’s a snapshot of the capabilities of these controls and what end-users will experience.",{"data":62278,"content":62279,"nodeType":1458},{},[62280],{"data":62281,"marks":62282,"value":62284,"nodeType":865},{},[62283],{"type":961},"The scenario:",{"data":62286,"content":62287,"nodeType":866},{},[62288],{"data":62289,"marks":62290,"value":62291,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a user encounters a malicious page — whether that’s an AiTM phishing tool running on a webpage, or a ClickFix-style attack — or attempts to install a malicious extension, Push immediately steps in. ",{"data":62293,"content":62294,"nodeType":866},{},[62295],{"data":62296,"marks":62297,"value":62298,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push can prevent users from entering their credentials on phishing pages, including cloned login pages, or from pasting malicious clipboard contents that can run malware on their device. Push can also prevent users from installing known-bad browser extensions. ",{"data":62300,"content":62301,"nodeType":866},{},[62302],{"data":62303,"marks":62304,"value":62305,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In each of these scenarios, Push admins get detailed detection information they can use to triage the incident.",{"data":62307,"content":62310,"nodeType":925},{"target":62308},{"sys":62309},{"id":17260,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":62312,"content":62313,"nodeType":1458},{},[62314],{"data":62315,"marks":62316,"value":62318,"nodeType":865},{},[62317],{"type":961},"How it works:",{"data":62320,"content":62321,"nodeType":866},{},[62322],{"data":62323,"marks":62324,"value":62325,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Rather than relying on known-bad intelligence like domains or URLs, Push performs a behavioral and structural analysis of malicious pages in real time.",{"data":62327,"content":62328,"nodeType":866},{},[62329],{"data":62330,"marks":62331,"value":62332,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That means a phishing page never has to appear in a threat intelligence feed in order to be detected and blocked.",{"data":62334,"content":62335,"nodeType":866},{},[62336],{"data":62337,"marks":62338,"value":62339,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Similarly, for malicious copy and paste attacks like ClickFix, Push analyzes the content copied to the clipboard but also evaluates the context of the page to reduce false positives. In blocking mode, Push’s control for ClickFix-style attacks replaces the malicious clipboard contents with safe text — preventing potential endpoint compromise before it can occur.",{"data":62341,"content":62345,"nodeType":925},{"target":62342},{"sys":62343},{"id":62344,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3OkejjEjV9xflBc5ouOVFn",[],{"data":62347,"content":62348,"nodeType":866},{},[62349],{"data":62350,"marks":62351,"value":62352,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, for identifying malicious browser extensions, Push takes a slightly different approach — combining both behavioral detections and curated intelligence of known-bad extensions from our own research and from trusted industry sources. We’ve found this combination provides the highest-fidelity way to identify malicious extensions without relying on approaches like analyzing extension permissions, which often isn’t actionable. ",{"data":62354,"content":62355,"nodeType":1458},{},[62356],{"data":62357,"marks":62358,"value":62360,"nodeType":865},{},[62359],{"type":961},"Your security team gets:",{"data":62362,"content":62363,"nodeType":866},{},[62364,62368,62376],{"data":62365,"marks":62366,"value":62367,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Readymade detection and alerting, combined with detailed telemetry. Detections and their associated metadata can be consumed via ",{"data":62369,"content":62371,"nodeType":882},{"uri":62370},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/getting-started/#api-and-webhooks",[62372],{"data":62373,"marks":62374,"value":62375,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s REST API and webhooks",{"data":62377,"marks":62378,"value":10349,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62380,"content":62381,"nodeType":1458},{},[62382],{"data":62383,"marks":62384,"value":62386,"nodeType":865},{},[62385],{"type":961},"Your end-users see:",{"data":62388,"content":62389,"nodeType":866},{},[62390],{"data":62391,"marks":62392,"value":62393,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An immediate block screen in your company colors and brand style, providing a highly memorable, contextual moment of learning — and reassuring them that an incident has been prevented.",{"data":62395,"content":62399,"nodeType":925},{"target":62396},{"sys":62397},{"id":62398,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4QfjDDfKjohKr1qqDLRT0m",[],{"data":62401,"content":62402,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":62404,"content":62405,"nodeType":963},{},[62406],{"data":62407,"marks":62408,"value":62410,"nodeType":865},{},[62409],{"type":961},"How Push helps you remediate account vulnerabilities at scale",{"data":62412,"content":62413,"nodeType":866},{},[62414],{"data":62415,"marks":62416,"value":62417,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Just-in-time security enforcement works best when it’s trustworthy and contextual — without making a lot more work for your team. Push also provides readymade controls for remediating common account vulnerabilities that contribute to your attack surface online, helping you harden existing accounts and reduce behaviors that introduce new risks.",{"data":62419,"content":62420,"nodeType":866},{},[62421],{"data":62422,"marks":62423,"value":62424,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With Push, you can:",{"data":62426,"content":62427,"nodeType":1049},{},[62428,62451,62488,62512],{"data":62429,"content":62430,"nodeType":1003},{},[62431],{"data":62432,"content":62433,"nodeType":866},{},[62434,62437,62447],{"data":62435,"marks":62436,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62438,"content":62442,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62439},{"sys":62440},{"id":62441,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6FYHbkcRUrtznPo7RarRsz",[62443],{"data":62444,"marks":62445,"value":62446,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Prevent the phishing or reuse of high-value passwords",{"data":62448,"marks":62449,"value":62450,"nodeType":865},{},[],", like your IdP, AWS, or code repository passwords.",{"data":62452,"content":62453,"nodeType":1003},{},[62454],{"data":62455,"content":62456,"nodeType":866},{},[62457,62461,62471,62474,62484],{"data":62458,"marks":62459,"value":62460,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Remediate ",{"data":62462,"content":62466,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62463},{"sys":62464},{"id":62465,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2WAc5HflKonFN7Jc53ROgj",[62467],{"data":62468,"marks":62469,"value":62470,"nodeType":865},{},[],"missing MFA",{"data":62472,"marks":62473,"value":53450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62475,"content":62479,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62476},{"sys":62477},{"id":62478,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2dAP36chda6ZDGKzw0Itfs",[62480],{"data":62481,"marks":62482,"value":62483,"nodeType":865},{},[],"insecure passwords",{"data":62485,"marks":62486,"value":62487,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on any work app, even those not managed by your SSO solution.",{"data":62489,"content":62490,"nodeType":1003},{},[62491],{"data":62492,"content":62493,"nodeType":866},{},[62494,62498,62508],{"data":62495,"marks":62496,"value":62497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Use ",{"data":62499,"content":62503,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62500},{"sys":62501},{"id":62502,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2ZpKnuljaUH0jzVaae4SMN",[62504],{"data":62505,"marks":62506,"value":62507,"nodeType":865},{},[],"in-browser banners",{"data":62509,"marks":62510,"value":62511,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to add guardrails to app usage, including blocking unapproved SaaS or collecting a business reason to access an app before approving it.",{"data":62513,"content":62514,"nodeType":1003},{},[62515],{"data":62516,"content":62517,"nodeType":866},{},[62518,62521,62531],{"data":62519,"marks":62520,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62522,"content":62526,"nodeType":16946},{"target":62523},{"sys":62524},{"id":62525,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3ibVBa6u0XfcXXDVtON5th",[62527],{"data":62528,"marks":62529,"value":62530,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Block unwanted or unapproved browser extensions",{"data":62532,"marks":62533,"value":62534,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from being installed, or disable them if they’ve been installed previously.",{"data":62536,"content":62537,"nodeType":866},{},[62538],{"data":62539,"marks":62540,"value":62276,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":62542,"content":62543,"nodeType":1458},{},[62544],{"data":62545,"marks":62546,"value":62284,"nodeType":865},{},[62547],{"type":961},{"data":62549,"content":62550,"nodeType":866},{},[62551],{"data":62552,"marks":62553,"value":62554,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push uses in-browser controls to intervene when a user is missing MFA; reusing a high-value password; using an insecure password; attempting to log in to an unapproved app; or attempting to install a blocked extension. ",{"data":62556,"content":62557,"nodeType":866},{},[62558],{"data":62559,"marks":62560,"value":62561,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push can block users from reusing passwords set as “protected” (meaning they can’t be reused on any other page or app) or from using unapproved apps or extensions. Push can guide users to update their password or register for MFA on accounts where they lack it. Push can also provide any other specific security or policy guidance to employees via banners that appear on apps in your environment, including GenAI apps. ",{"data":62563,"content":62564,"nodeType":866},{},[62565],{"data":62566,"marks":62567,"value":62568,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For all of these scenarios, you can tune Push controls to your preferred mode (informing vs. blocking, for example) and select which employees, employee groups, and apps or accounts to focus on.",{"data":62570,"content":62571,"nodeType":866},{},[62572],{"data":62573,"marks":62574,"value":62575,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also customize the message that employees see, to match your organizational culture and policies.",{"data":62577,"content":62578,"nodeType":1458},{},[62579],{"data":62580,"marks":62581,"value":62583,"nodeType":865},{},[62582],{"type":961},"How it works: ",{"data":62585,"content":62586,"nodeType":866},{},[62587],{"data":62588,"marks":62589,"value":62590,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push browser agent observes real-time user behavior and securely analyzes users’ account vulnerabilities in order to identify risks and execute your preconfigured controls. 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",[],{},"DCP IB 1",{"sys":65775,"__typename":1747,"title":65776,"caption":65776,"layoutMode":59,"file":65777},{"id":18558},"Device code phishing evolution 2019-2026.",{"url":65778,"width":65779,"height":65780},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7dPjgH1qTrpBIdqE0D4D0g/8d0bcaea877a9fcd325b272890d8dc63/device_code_phishing_4col_timeline_1.png",1360,1160,{"sys":65782,"__typename":9270,"content":65783,"name":65794,"title":59},{"id":18668},{"json":65784},{"nodeType":1739,"data":65785,"content":65786},{},[65787],{"nodeType":866,"data":65788,"content":65789},{},[65790],{"nodeType":865,"value":65791,"marks":65792,"data":65793},"PhaaS is key to the adoption of new phishing tools and techniques, providing broad access to criminal operators at scale while driving up execution standards. It has been central to the continued evolution of AITM and ClickFix, and is a strong indicator of what comes next for device code phishing.",[],{},"DCP IB 2",{"sys":65796,"__typename":9270,"content":65797,"name":65835,"title":59},{"id":18796},{"json":65798},{"data":65799,"content":65800,"nodeType":1739},{},[65801],{"data":65802,"content":65803,"nodeType":866},{},[65804,65808,65815,65819,65823,65831],{"data":65805,"marks":65806,"value":65807,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We're seeing a clear trend of existing PhaaS kits adding device code phishing functionality. Tycoon2FA, the category leader for criminal AITM phishing capabilities, has recently",{"data":65809,"content":65810,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1384},[65811],{"data":65812,"marks":65813,"value":65814,"nodeType":865},{},[]," adopted device code phishing ",{"data":65816,"marks":65817,"value":65818,"nodeType":865},{},[],"alongside its established AiTM functionality (we've provided some examples below), while t",{"data":65820,"marks":65821,"value":65822,"nodeType":865},{},[],"he ",{"data":65824,"content":65826,"nodeType":882},{"uri":65825},"https://abnormal.ai/blog/venom-phishing-campaign-mfa-credential-theft",[65827],{"data":65828,"marks":65829,"value":20630,"nodeType":865},{},[65830],{"type":997},{"data":65832,"marks":65833,"value":65834,"nodeType":865},{},[]," kit that offers device code phishing capabilities that appear visually and functionally similar to EvilTokens has an AITM component that matches our detections for Sneaky2FA, indicating a possible overlap in tooling.","DCP IB12",{"sys":65837,"__typename":9270,"content":65838,"name":65849,"title":59},{"id":18820},{"json":65839},{"nodeType":1739,"data":65840,"content":65841},{},[65842],{"nodeType":866,"data":65843,"content":65844},{},[65845],{"nodeType":865,"value":65846,"marks":65847,"data":65848},"Many of the names provided are internal codenames. The information per kit is by no means exhaustive and is likely to evolve over time. ",[],{},"DCP IP 7",{"sys":65851,"__typename":9270,"content":65852,"name":65877,"title":59},{"id":18878},{"json":65853},{"nodeType":1739,"data":65854,"content":65855},{},[65856,65863,65870],{"nodeType":866,"data":65857,"content":65858},{},[65859],{"nodeType":865,"value":65860,"marks":65861,"data":65862},"Our codename for EvilTokens internally was derived from the overly descriptive page code describing its bot protection capabilities (a clear sign of vibe coding — thanks Claude!):",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":65864,"content":65865},{},[65866],{"nodeType":865,"value":65867,"marks":65868,"data":65869},"\u003C!-- FIXED ANTI-BOT SYSTEM - WON'T REDIRECT REAL USERS -->",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":65871,"content":65872},{},[65873],{"nodeType":865,"value":65874,"marks":65875,"data":65876},"\u003C!-- ENHANCED ANTI-BOT SYSTEM WITH SERVER-SIDE VALIDATION -->",[],{},"DCP IB3",{"sys":65879,"__typename":1747,"title":65880,"caption":65880,"layoutMode":59,"file":65881},{"id":18931},"Precursor A (Left) & B (Right): Different visual lures from January 2026. ",{"url":65882,"width":1759,"height":65883},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3pfFR7ICQQqOyhGAFAj67C/6f8873d82cc7f5233a0ca9baa74f7585/image15.png",773,{"sys":65885,"__typename":1747,"title":65886,"caption":65887,"layoutMode":59,"file":65888},{"id":18937},"Early ANTIBOT: First appearance of the ANTIBOT comments, mid-Jan.","Early ANTIBOT: First appearance of the ANTIBOT comments, late-Jan.",{"url":65889,"width":1759,"height":65890},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/VAdFlnCF4YftsOV02wnwu/8813ea3957b65ddfb84bb8ba5fb25a55/image6.png",564,{"sys":65892,"__typename":12453,"title":65893,"arcadeDemoUrl":65894,"playText":65895},{"id":18943},"Early ANTIBOT page load","https://demo.arcade.software/wRcvXg62Lok57ZjOKgJI?embed","20 secs",{"sys":65897,"__typename":1747,"title":65898,"caption":65898,"layoutMode":59,"file":65899},{"id":18949},"\"Courts Access\" lure with a similar security verification to Early ANTIBOT.",{"url":65900,"width":65901,"height":65902},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7LEJpoif8dnub4qJw2z6kL/3b15161c9d3f2e4f7d4f323ec04f1f33/Group_687.png",3103,1200,{"sys":65904,"__typename":12453,"title":65905,"arcadeDemoUrl":65906,"playText":12456},{"id":18955},"ANTIBOT \"Courts Access\" lure","https://demo.arcade.software/8b4YuKm1EXPmgx2q7q2D?embed",{"sys":65908,"__typename":1747,"title":65909,"caption":65909,"layoutMode":59,"file":65910},{"id":18961},"Production ANTIBOT: Current EvilTokens implementation.",{"url":65911,"width":1759,"height":65912},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1J3fOSmUPF8f3FlcwYFoGe/5eff8c1a892f870d1488d6a0f38da03c/image12.png",591,{"sys":65914,"__typename":12453,"title":18659,"arcadeDemoUrl":65915,"playText":65895},{"id":18967},"https://demo.arcade.software/zB6dqehj1lbnB2dur9lB?embed",{"sys":65917,"__typename":1747,"title":65918,"caption":65918,"layoutMode":59,"file":65919},{"id":19388},"SHAREFILE kit.",{"url":65920,"width":1759,"height":65921},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1iKelffs399PIIBedgnqmu/64a40d1ad7f69f966665f44c52e0817b/image1.png",1500,{"sys":65923,"__typename":12453,"title":65924,"arcadeDemoUrl":65925,"playText":15335},{"id":19579},"Kali365 / Clure Demo","https://demo.arcade.software/dwwFeSKGldZvTrYZDtZV?embed",{"sys":65927,"__typename":1747,"title":65928,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":65929},{"id":19743},"LINKID landing page requires an email before serving the payload.",{"url":65930,"width":1759,"height":65931},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5XAibmWt8HDGbpOC9n1DEk/d4bcb1006d82116dff5865f5b911bc88/image9.png",1049,{"sys":65933,"__typename":9270,"content":65934,"name":65965,"title":59},{"id":19760},{"json":65935},{"nodeType":1739,"data":65936,"content":65937},{},[65938],{"nodeType":866,"data":65939,"content":65940},{},[65941,65945,65950,65954,65962],{"nodeType":865,"value":65942,"marks":65943,"data":65944},"AUTHOV was recently attributed to ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":65946,"marks":65947,"data":65949},"Device Code Lab",[65948],{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":65951,"marks":65952,"data":65953},", a professional grade, device code phishing platform, with numerous defense evasion and post-exploitation features, designed to interoperate with other phishing platforms. You can ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":65955,"content":65957},{"uri":65956},"https://newtonpaul.com/blog/device-code-lab-post-exploit/",[65958],{"nodeType":865,"value":65959,"marks":65960,"data":65961},"read Paul Newton's write-up here",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":10349,"marks":65963,"data":65964},[],{},"dcp ib14",{"sys":65967,"__typename":1747,"title":65968,"caption":65968,"layoutMode":59,"file":65969},{"id":19906},"AUTHOV kit. Notably uses a popup like prod EvilTokens.",{"url":65970,"width":1759,"height":65971},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4wKaHuSRfMXvi056r88u0b/e77feca260fe5ceb07ea7a080a09148f/image8.png",1128,{"sys":65973,"__typename":1747,"title":65974,"caption":65975,"layoutMode":59,"file":65976},{"id":19912},"Device code lab portal","Device Code Lab portal login page. Credit: Paul Newton",{"url":65977,"width":57867,"height":65978},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3qgmWJFz6hDUSEu2TcUWWU/9df13412c9ddb216020ae7a5fe476b5d/portal.png",787,{"sys":65980,"__typename":12453,"title":65981,"arcadeDemoUrl":65982,"playText":65895},{"id":20076},"DOCUPOLL DCP Kit","https://demo.arcade.software/Wv84a7Vziha9RwTdctvg?embed",{"sys":65984,"__typename":1747,"title":65985,"caption":65985,"layoutMode":59,"file":65986},{"id":20239},"FLOW_TOKEN kit. Notably uses a popup like prod EvilTokens.",{"url":65987,"width":1759,"height":65971},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4Bvbx5dwwBTOvAzULbnhIF/2d676145af0648b1e6f43b624af3ffbc/image7.png",{"sys":65989,"__typename":1747,"title":65990,"caption":65990,"layoutMode":59,"file":65991},{"id":20351},"PAPRIKA kit.",{"url":65992,"width":1759,"height":65993},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2XqwbTyGXRBaH6OM0t9moI/107cd701784fe8eed96eea2b9c09731a/image5.png",727,{"sys":65995,"__typename":1747,"title":65996,"caption":65996,"layoutMode":59,"file":65997},{"id":20462},"DCSTATUS kit. ",{"url":65998,"width":1759,"height":65921},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1zKQp6Wi0ckDZMLHBriU2Y/7d1c7c348407dcbde2eb94551baca7f5/image14.png",{"sys":66000,"__typename":9270,"content":66001,"name":66012,"title":59},{"id":20479},{"json":66002},{"data":66003,"content":66004,"nodeType":1739},{},[66005],{"data":66006,"content":66007,"nodeType":866},{},[66008],{"data":66009,"marks":66010,"value":66011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Our suspicion is that this was a one-off — potentially for a red team exercise — rather than representative of a more widely used kit.","DCP IB 4",{"sys":66014,"__typename":1747,"title":66015,"caption":66015,"layoutMode":59,"file":66016},{"id":20618},"DOLCE kit.",{"url":66017,"width":1759,"height":66018},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/6iUfj8vMymi2c7lZxj006n/88b8066e6bea9fa7a81bd6b546264796/image16.png",728,{"sys":66020,"__typename":1747,"title":66021,"caption":66022,"layoutMode":59,"file":66023},{"id":20684},"Venom Device Code Phishing Screenshots","Examples of the Venom platform impersonating brands like YPO, FedEx and DHL.",{"url":66024,"width":66025,"height":66026},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2NThjmQSR5XFdnKEQKXfnd/237318895da6f558cc03b2915217afea/Venom_Device_Code_Phishing__1_.png",13114,3310,{"sys":66028,"__typename":12453,"title":15333,"arcadeDemoUrl":15334,"playText":15335},{"id":10964},{"sys":66030,"__typename":9270,"content":66031,"name":66042,"title":59},{"id":20988},{"json":66032},{"nodeType":1739,"data":66033,"content":66034},{},[66035],{"nodeType":866,"data":66036,"content":66037},{},[66038],{"nodeType":865,"value":66039,"marks":66040,"data":66041},"Clearly, device code phishing has entered mainstream adoption and we should be prepared for a lot more of it in future. So how does it work, and why is it so effective?",[],{},"DCP IB13",{"sys":66044,"__typename":9270,"content":66045,"name":66099,"title":59},{"id":21024},{"json":66046},{"nodeType":1739,"data":66047,"content":66048},{},[66049,66083],{"nodeType":866,"data":66050,"content":66051},{},[66052,66056,66063,66067,66071,66075,66079],{"nodeType":865,"value":66053,"marks":66054,"data":66055},"When targeting Microsoft environments, attackers can use the ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":66057,"content":66058},{"uri":18595},[66059],{"nodeType":865,"value":66060,"marks":66061,"data":66062},"PRT escalation technique",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66064,"marks":66065,"data":66066}," I mentioned in earlier research to get seamless SSO across ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52550,"marks":66068,"data":66070},[66069],{"type":944},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66072,"marks":66073,"data":66074}," Entra ID-connected applications and web services. This requires that you specifically target the ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":52559,"marks":66076,"data":66078},[66077],{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66080,"marks":66081,"data":66082}," application, chained into a new device registration in the victim's environment. This is the method that Storm-2372 was leveraging in 2025. ",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":66084,"content":66085},{},[66086,66090,66095],{"nodeType":865,"value":66087,"marks":66088,"data":66089},"But even without this step, many Microsoft first-party apps also belong to the ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66091,"marks":66092,"data":66094},"Family of Client IDs (FOCI)",[66093],{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66096,"marks":66097,"data":66098},", meaning a refresh token obtained for one family member can be exchanged for access tokens to other family members without re-authentication. In practice, this means an attacker who phishes a token via e.g. the Microsoft Office client ID, can silently pivot to access Outlook, Teams, OneDrive, SharePoint, and Azure Management APIs — all from a single phished session. ",[],{},"DCP IB 8",{"sys":66101,"__typename":1747,"title":66102,"caption":66102,"layoutMode":59,"file":66103},{"id":21030},"Device code phishing attack chain.",{"url":66104,"width":1759,"height":66105},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/60e9ErrL8tp3xtoer4gNUl/83899c207f61fdd9ff8aad0e1001030d/image2.png",1275,{"sys":66107,"__typename":9270,"content":66108,"name":66119,"title":59},{"id":21080},{"json":66109},{"nodeType":1739,"data":66110,"content":66111},{},[66112],{"nodeType":866,"data":66113,"content":66114},{},[66115],{"nodeType":865,"value":66116,"marks":66117,"data":66118},"One of the key limitations of early device code phishing was that the code was being sent directly over email (as in the Russia-linked campaigns in 2024-5). This meant that the code would expire unless used immediately, requiring highly engaged social engineering to pull off. To get around this, modern device code phishing pages are continuously polling for fresh codes via API. This arguably makes them more discoverable than simply providing the code and instructions in a direct message, but is way more scalable for the attacker. ",[],{},"DCP IB 5",{"sys":66121,"__typename":9270,"content":66122,"name":66179,"title":59},{"id":21260},{"json":66123},{"nodeType":1739,"data":66124,"content":66125},{},[66126,66163],{"nodeType":866,"data":66127,"content":66128},{},[66129,66134,66138,66148,66152,66159],{"nodeType":865,"value":66130,"marks":66131,"data":66133},"First-party applications",[66132],{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66135,"marks":66136,"data":66137}," are commonly abused in Microsoft-targeted attacks. These are ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":66139,"content":66141},{"uri":66140},"https://gist.github.com/dafthack/2c0bbcac72b10c1ee205d1dd2fed3fe7",[66142],{"nodeType":865,"value":66143,"marks":66144,"data":66147},"real Microsoft applications",[66145,66146],{"type":997},{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66149,"marks":66150,"data":66151}," registered in every Entra ID tenant. Not only are they allowed by default (unlike third-party apps that are often subject to additional restrictions and require additional tenant-level consent before they can be accessed by a user), they come with pre-consented permissions, and can even access undocumented “legacy” scopes that aren't logged by default (exploited in the Russia-linked ",[],{},{"nodeType":882,"data":66153,"content":66154},{"uri":11102},[66155],{"nodeType":865,"value":11095,"marks":66156,"data":66158},[66157],{"type":997},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66160,"marks":66161,"data":66162}," campaign reported by Push researchers). ",[],{},{"nodeType":866,"data":66164,"content":66165},{},[66166,66170,66175],{"nodeType":865,"value":66167,"marks":66168,"data":66169},"In other cases, such as when targeting GitHub or Salesforce, ",[],{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66171,"marks":66172,"data":66174},"third-party applications",[66173],{"type":961},{},{"nodeType":865,"value":66176,"marks":66177,"data":66178}," are often leveraged. These aren't necessarily fresh, attacker-created apps — they can be attacker-controlled instances of otherwise legitimate applications. That said, it is easier than ever for attackers to spin up their own OAuth apps, particularly using AI tools. The trade-off is that the victim has to consent to the app from the tenant level before also granting access to their account, introducing more friction to the process, and potentially running into additional security controls and restrictions depending on tenant configuration. 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They offer to help the employee set up passkeys for logging into the enterprise SSO service, tricking the victim into visiting a specially crafted adversary-in-the-middle phishing site that captures their SSO credentials, MFA codes, and ultimately live session access. ",{"data":67824,"content":67825,"nodeType":866},{},[67826],{"data":67827,"marks":67828,"value":67829,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once an account is stolen, the attacker logs in to the SSO dashboard to see which platforms they have access to and then proceeds to steal data from them — with the ultimate goal of extorting victims. ",{"data":67831,"content":67832,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":67834,"content":67835,"nodeType":963},{},[67836],{"data":67837,"marks":67838,"value":67840,"nodeType":865},{},[67839],{"type":961},"What we know",{"data":67842,"content":67843,"nodeType":866},{},[67844,67848,67857],{"data":67845,"marks":67846,"value":67847,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To date, ",{"data":67849,"content":67851,"nodeType":882},{"uri":67850},"https://www.silentpush.com/blog/slsh-alert/",[67852],{"data":67853,"marks":67854,"value":67856,"nodeType":865},{},[67855],{"type":997},"100+ companies have been targeted",{"data":67858,"marks":67859,"value":67860,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with infrastructure and domains impersonating their brand to be used in legit-looking campaigns against them. The reality is that the list of targets could be more extensive, and will continue to increase over time. ",{"data":67862,"content":67863,"nodeType":866},{},[67864,67868,67876],{"data":67865,"marks":67866,"value":67867,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SLH ",{"data":67869,"content":67870,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56608},[67871],{"data":67872,"marks":67873,"value":67875,"nodeType":865},{},[67874],{"type":997},"claims to be using data stolen in previous breaches",{"data":67877,"marks":67878,"value":67879,"nodeType":865},{},[],", such as the widespread Salesforce data theft attacks reported in 2025, to identify and contact employees. This data includes phone numbers, job titles, names, and other details used to make the social engineering calls more convincing.",{"data":67881,"content":67882,"nodeType":866},{},[67883,67887,67892,67896,67901,67905,67910],{"data":67884,"marks":67885,"value":67886,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The group recently relaunched its Tor data leak site, which currently lists breaches at ",{"data":67888,"marks":67889,"value":67891,"nodeType":865},{},[67890],{"type":961},"Betterment",{"data":67893,"marks":67894,"value":67895,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (20 million records containing PII), ",{"data":67897,"marks":67898,"value":67900,"nodeType":865},{},[67899],{"type":961},"Crunchbase",{"data":67902,"marks":67903,"value":67904,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (2 million records containing PII), and ",{"data":67906,"marks":67907,"value":67909,"nodeType":865},{},[67908],{"type":961},"SoundCloud",{"data":67911,"marks":67912,"value":67913,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (30 million records containing PII). ",{"data":67915,"content":67919,"nodeType":925},{"target":67916},{"sys":67917},{"id":67918,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5scKHYJJleNklGAXNKVc7b",[],{"data":67921,"content":67922,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":67924,"content":67925,"nodeType":963},{},[67926],{"data":67927,"marks":67928,"value":67930,"nodeType":865},{},[67929],{"type":961},"What’s new?",{"data":67932,"content":67933,"nodeType":1458},{},[67934],{"data":67935,"marks":67936,"value":67938,"nodeType":865},{},[67937],{"type":961},"The best of both worlds? Vishing + AiTM phishing",{"data":67940,"content":67941,"nodeType":866},{},[67942],{"data":67943,"marks":67944,"value":67945,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SLH and threat actors affiliated with “The Com” are no stranger to voice phishing (vishing) or the use of MFA-bypassing Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing kits. ",{"data":67947,"content":67948,"nodeType":866},{},[67949,67952,67960],{"data":67950,"marks":67951,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":67953,"content":67954,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8759},[67955],{"data":67956,"marks":67957,"value":67959,"nodeType":865},{},[67958],{"type":997},"SLH and it’s precursor groups",{"data":67961,"marks":67962,"value":67963,"nodeType":865},{},[]," leveraged vishing to great success in the form of help desk impersonation and password/MFA reset attacks as seen in the high profile Marks & Spencer, Co-Op, and Jaguar Land Rover attacks in 2025, as well as the Caesars and MGM attacks in 2023. MFA-bypassing phishing techniques have also long been a part of their arsenal, from the 2022 0ktapus phishing campaign to more recent use of modern AiTM phishing kits. ",{"data":67965,"content":67966,"nodeType":866},{},[67967],{"data":67968,"marks":67969,"value":67970,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But until now, we haven’t seen them used together. ",{"data":67972,"content":67975,"nodeType":925},{"target":67973},{"sys":67974},{"id":56369,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":67977,"content":67981,"nodeType":925},{"target":67978},{"sys":67979},{"id":67980,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1IDsaYD3H5MjvPS4ekcUhU",[],{"data":67983,"content":67984,"nodeType":866},{},[67985],{"data":67986,"marks":67987,"value":67988,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It makes sense to combine these methods. AiTM phishing kits are flexible, highly customizable, and can be used to target a broad range of apps — including all of the major IdP platforms used for SSO. Vishing on the other hand is proven to increase the effectiveness of social engineering attacks when performed by an effective operator — which SLH are proven to be (helped by predominantly native English speakers making up their membership, along with the use of effective voice phishing tools). ",{"data":67990,"content":67991,"nodeType":866},{},[67992],{"data":67993,"marks":67994,"value":67995,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both vishing and AiTM phishing are identity-first methods that consciously evade traditional security tools and detection controls at the endpoint and network layer. This makes them highly effective in today’s IT environment. ",{"data":67997,"content":67998,"nodeType":1458},{},[67999],{"data":68000,"marks":68001,"value":68003,"nodeType":865},{},[68002],{"type":961},"A new kind of operator-driven AiTM kit",{"data":68005,"content":68006,"nodeType":866},{},[68007],{"data":68008,"marks":68009,"value":68010,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another unique part about this campaign is that it uses a “live phishing panel” — i.e. a customizable phishing page controlled by the attacker in real time. This enables attackers to dynamically change what a victim sees on a phishing site while speaking to them on the phone. This allows them to guide victims through each step of the login and MFA authentication process.",{"data":68012,"content":68013,"nodeType":866},{},[68014],{"data":68015,"marks":68016,"value":68017,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is principally to increase the victim’s likelihood of engaging with the phishing page. As you can see in the image below, there are several options that can be presented to the victim — including not just the normal phishing stages of entering credentials and passing MFA checks, but also post-compromise actions (e.g. creating a passkey that would then be controlled by the attacker for persistent access even if an account password is reset). ",{"data":68019,"content":68023,"nodeType":925},{"target":68020},{"sys":68021},{"id":68022,"type":922,"linkType":923},"73Y2n3tRkGFtfhrA2AVJyv",[],{"data":68025,"content":68026,"nodeType":866},{},[68027],{"data":68028,"marks":68029,"value":68030,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At the end of the authentication flow, the threat actor can choose to redirect their target to a “support ticket\" closure screen. This allows the threat actor to manually terminate the session once the compromise is complete while providing the targeted user with context that matches the \"IT support\" ruse. This further reduces the likelihood of post-hoc reporting by a suspicious victim.",{"data":68032,"content":68033,"nodeType":866},{},[68034,68038,68047],{"data":68035,"marks":68036,"value":68037,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Given that this modular, operator-controlled phishing kit is reportedly available “",{"data":68039,"content":68041,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68040},"https://www.okta.com/blog/threat-intelligence/phishing-kits-adapt-to-the-script-of-callers/",[68042],{"data":68043,"marks":68044,"value":68046,"nodeType":865},{},[68045],{"type":997},"as a service",{"data":68048,"marks":68049,"value":68050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"” for criminals, we should expect to see much more of this in future. ",{"data":68052,"content":68053,"nodeType":1458},{},[68054],{"data":68055,"marks":68056,"value":68058,"nodeType":865},{},[68057],{"type":961},"0ktapus 2.0?",{"data":68060,"content":68061,"nodeType":866},{},[68062],{"data":68063,"marks":68064,"value":68065,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As we mentioned earlier, Scattered Spider made their reputation launching phishing attacks against Okta accounts in the 2022 0ktapus campaign. ",{"data":68067,"content":68068,"nodeType":866},{},[68069],{"data":68070,"marks":68071,"value":68072,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The vast majority of phishing attacks target IdP accounts because of the widespread access to downstream apps they grant via SSO. ",{"data":68074,"content":68075,"nodeType":866},{},[68076,68080,68089],{"data":68077,"marks":68078,"value":68079,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This comes at the same time as ",{"data":68081,"content":68083,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68082},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fake-lastpass-emails-pose-as-password-vault-backup-alerts/",[68084],{"data":68085,"marks":68086,"value":68088,"nodeType":865},{},[68087],{"type":997},"attackers running campaigns to target LastPass master passwords",{"data":68090,"marks":68091,"value":68092,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This provides a similar level of access to apps in the form of credentials (and sometimes saved passkeys). ",{"data":68094,"content":68098,"nodeType":925},{"target":68095},{"sys":68096},{"id":68097,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1vyu5WvdktTnC24TkVFqfs",[],{"data":68100,"content":68101,"nodeType":866},{},[68102,68106,68114],{"data":68103,"marks":68104,"value":68105,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Not only is this a goldmine for attackers looking to steal data or pivot to other systems to be able to launch further attacks (e.g. pivoting to cloud and on-prem services for ransomware deployment) but it’s a nightmare for incident responders. If an attacker can access an app and create a backdoor login method (AKA. a ",{"data":68107,"content":68108,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10340},[68109],{"data":68110,"marks":68111,"value":68113,"nodeType":865},{},[68112],{"type":997},"ghost login",{"data":68115,"marks":68116,"value":68117,"nodeType":865},{},[],") it can be very difficult for a security team to identify and clean them up. ",{"data":68119,"content":68123,"nodeType":925},{"target":68120},{"sys":68121},{"id":68122,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7tILkroPw9w0WLIo1bVV24",[],{"data":68125,"content":68126,"nodeType":866},{},[68127],{"data":68128,"marks":68129,"value":68130,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check out the excerpt from one of our recent webinars below for more information. ",{"data":68132,"content":68136,"nodeType":925},{"target":68133},{"sys":68134},{"id":68135,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5IVkapjwLp1Ys14vXagQRD",[],{"data":68138,"content":68139,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":68141,"content":68142,"nodeType":963},{},[68143],{"data":68144,"marks":68145,"value":13624,"nodeType":865},{},[68146],{"type":961},{"data":68148,"content":68149,"nodeType":866},{},[68150],{"data":68151,"marks":68152,"value":68153,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This combination of methods is likely to increase the success of these malicious campaigns as well as reducing the likelihood of detection. ",{"data":68155,"content":68156,"nodeType":866},{},[68157,68161,68168],{"data":68158,"marks":68159,"value":68160,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s well documented that modern phishing attacks use a wide and ever-expanding range of ",{"data":68162,"content":68163,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8821},[68164],{"data":68165,"marks":68166,"value":18922,"nodeType":865},{},[68167],{"type":997},{"data":68169,"marks":68170,"value":68171,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — from implementing legitimate bot protection technologies to prevent analysis, to only loading pages if the correct parameters are met — such as coming through a specific URL redirect path, and adhering to “normal” browser configs (excluding unusual browser window sizes and the presence of security analysis tools).",{"data":68173,"content":68174,"nodeType":866},{},[68175],{"data":68176,"marks":68177,"value":68178,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this case, the malicious payload will only trigger in the event that the delivery is approved by an operator in real time. This means that anyone attempting to find and proactively block a phishing page based on indicators of known-bad is going to have a tough time finding and flagging them. If you haven’t got a community of security analysts sharing and tagging samples of malicious pages, it makes it really hard to find and block them at scale before they hit a victim. And if these convincing attacks aren’t being reported, they’re even less likely to be investigated. This is what we mean when we say that most phishing attacks today are effectively zero-day. ",{"data":68180,"content":68181,"nodeType":866},{},[68182,68186,68191,68194,68202],{"data":68183,"marks":68184,"value":68185,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this case, it’s worth pointing out that the phone call is essentially the delivery vector for the phishing page. This means there’s no email to intercept and analyse. This isn’t new — ",{"data":68187,"marks":68188,"value":68190,"nodeType":865},{},[68189],{"type":961},"non-email vectors now account for more than 1 in 3 phishing attacks intercepted by Push",{"data":68192,"marks":68193,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68195,"content":68196,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8581},[68197],{"data":68198,"marks":68199,"value":68201,"nodeType":865},{},[68200],{"type":997},"LinkedIn and Google Search being the top culprits",{"data":68203,"marks":68204,"value":68205,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This effectively cuts out the primary phishing detection surface for most organizations.",{"data":68207,"content":68208,"nodeType":866},{},[68209],{"data":68210,"marks":68211,"value":68212,"nodeType":865},{},[],"All this means that unless you’re able to detect and block these attacks in real time, organizations will find themselves unable to counter this evolving threat. ",{"data":68214,"content":68215,"nodeType":866},{},[68216],{"data":68217,"marks":68218,"value":68220,"nodeType":865},{},[68219],{"type":961},"The best/only way to do that is to be in the browser. ",{"data":68222,"content":68223,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":68225,"content":68226,"nodeType":963},{},[68227],{"data":68228,"marks":68229,"value":68231,"nodeType":865},{},[68230],{"type":961},"How Push stops the attack",{"data":68233,"content":68234,"nodeType":866},{},[68235],{"data":68236,"marks":68237,"value":68238,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a browser-based detection and response tool, Push is perfectly positioned to detect and block attacks like this in real-time. ",{"data":68240,"content":68241,"nodeType":866},{},[68242],{"data":68243,"marks":68244,"value":68245,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push harnesses deep browser telemetry to detect and block phishing based on behaviors, not static indicators. By analyzing how phishing pages behave and how users interact with them, Push uncovers fake pages, attempted credential theft, and phishing kits the moment they load in the browser — regardless of the delivery mechanism, and even when the attack has never been seen before. ",{"data":68247,"content":68251,"nodeType":925},{"target":68248},{"sys":68249},{"id":68250,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2TAKFM1rpETq4KtTY3FPIs",[],{"data":68253,"content":68254,"nodeType":866},{},[68255],{"data":68256,"marks":68257,"value":68258,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push's browser-based controls include:",{"data":68260,"content":68261,"nodeType":1049},{},[68262,68283],{"data":68263,"content":68264,"nodeType":1003},{},[68265],{"data":68266,"content":68267,"nodeType":866},{},[68268,68271,68279],{"data":68269,"marks":68270,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68272,"content":68274,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68273},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-sso-password-protection/",[68275],{"data":68276,"marks":68277,"value":68278,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Fingerprinting high-risk app passwords",{"data":68280,"marks":68281,"value":68282,"nodeType":865},{},[]," so they can only be used on a specific domain. Any attempt to reuse this password elsewhere (such as on a phishing site) results in the attempt being blocked. ",{"data":68284,"content":68285,"nodeType":1003},{},[68286],{"data":68287,"content":68288,"nodeType":866},{},[68289,68292,68300],{"data":68290,"marks":68291,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68293,"content":68295,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68294},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/",[68296],{"data":68297,"marks":68298,"value":68299,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Multiple browser-based checks",{"data":68301,"marks":68302,"value":68303,"nodeType":865},{},[]," looking for indicators of bad, such as cloned elements from legitimate websites, and an ever-growing number of detections relating to phishing kit behaviors and attributes as they are rendered on a page. ",{"data":68305,"content":68309,"nodeType":925},{"target":68306},{"sys":68307},{"id":68308,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4ESxxjTjNwNXGEW4DBcMVV",[],{"data":68311,"content":68312,"nodeType":866},{},[68313],{"data":68314,"marks":68315,"value":68316,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because Push observes every login made in the browser, you can also use Push to find identities susceptible to phishing attacks, such as those not using phishing-resistant authentication methods (e.g. passkeys), to proactively improve your account hygiene and reduce your attack surface. ",{"data":68318,"content":68319,"nodeType":866},{},[68320,68324,68333,68337,68345],{"data":68321,"marks":68322,"value":68323,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, you can also use our ",{"data":68325,"content":68327,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68326},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/employee-identity-verification-codes-release/",[68328],{"data":68329,"marks":68330,"value":68332,"nodeType":865},{},[68331],{"type":997},"employee verification codes",{"data":68334,"marks":68335,"value":68336,"nodeType":865},{},[]," feature as part of a layered defense — a simple, browser-based identity check that gives your employees a reliable way to confirm they’re talking to another employee from your organization. It enables employees to quickly verify that a caller is who they say they are by relaying a rotating 6-digit verification code displayed in every employee's browser via the Push extension. This is an effective way of combating ",{"data":68338,"content":68339,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56714},[68340],{"data":68341,"marks":68342,"value":68344,"nodeType":865},{},[68343],{"type":997},"help desk scams",{"data":68346,"marks":68347,"value":68348,"nodeType":865},{},[]," too — another favorite of SLH. ",{"data":68350,"content":68354,"nodeType":925},{"target":68351},{"sys":68352},{"id":68353,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1TEpCjh8UGwmejgYSGC1by",[],{"data":68356,"content":68357,"nodeType":11214},{},[68358],{"data":68359,"content":68360,"nodeType":866},{},[68361,68365,68373,68376,68383,68386,68393],{"data":68362,"marks":68363,"value":68364,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Want to learn more about Push? ",{"data":68366,"content":68367,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21428},[68368],{"data":68369,"marks":68370,"value":68372,"nodeType":865},{},[68371],{"type":997},"Check out our latest product overview",{"data":68374,"marks":68375,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68377,"content":68378,"nodeType":882},{"uri":21440},[68379],{"data":68380,"marks":68381,"value":68382,"nodeType":865},{},[],"visit our demo library",{"data":68384,"marks":68385,"value":21450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68387,"content":68388,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[68389],{"data":68390,"marks":68391,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[68392],{"type":997},{"data":68394,"marks":68395,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68397,"content":68398,"nodeType":866},{},[68399],{"data":68400,"marks":68401,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unpacking the latest SLH campaign — combining vishing with AiTM phishing to hijack SSO accounts","Analyzing the latest Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters (SLH) phishing campaign targeting hundreds of organizations.\n","2026-01-28T00:00:00.000Z","unpacking-the-latest-slh-campaign",{"items":68407},[68408,68410],{"sys":68409,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":68411,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":68413},[68414],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":68415},{"url":11434},"blog/device-code-phishing",{"json":68418},{"data":68419,"content":68420,"nodeType":1739},{},[68421],{"data":68422,"content":68423,"nodeType":866},{},[68424],{"data":68425,"marks":68426,"value":68427,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Device code phishing is an account takeover technique that abuses the OAuth 2.0 Device Authorization Grant to steal access tokens while bypassing standard access controls (like passwords, MFA, and even passkeys).",{"id":17119,"publishedAt":68429},"2026-08-12T11:53:02.556Z",{"items":68431},[68432,68434],{"sys":68433,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":68435,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":68437},[68438,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450,68452,68454,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468,68470],{"sys":68439,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":68441,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":68443,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":68445,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":68447,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":68449,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":68451,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":68453,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":68455,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":68457,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":68459,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":68461,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45},{"id":647},{"sys":68463,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":68465,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":68467,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":68469,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":68471,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},"8tjCe4rlgxCHc3XVdlvd0ZnFwPabXi2E9C7FD0L6OHs",{"id":68474,"title":68475,"authorsCollection":68476,"content":68481,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":69237,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":69239,"metaTitle":69240,"ogImage":59,"postType":1783,"publishedDate":69241,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":69242,"slug":71414,"stem":71415,"subtitle":59,"summary":71416,"synopsis":71427,"sys":71428,"tagsCollection":71431,"topicsCollection":71437,"__hash__":71483},"blog/blog/2025-top-phishing-trends.json","2025’s top phishing trends — and what they mean for your 2026 security strategy",{"items":68477},[68478],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"socialLinks":68479,"profilePicture":68480},[14658],{"url":11434},{"json":68482,"links":69149},{"data":68483,"content":68484,"nodeType":1739},{},[68485,68491,68498,68505,68508,68516,68523,68530,68537,68633,68639,68645,68651,68658,68665,68684,68687,68695,68702,68709,68716,68759,68766,68811,68817,68824,68831,68834,68842,68849,68856,68863,68934,68940,68946,68978,68984,69003,69009,69016,69023,69029,69032,69040,69047,69080,69087,69090,69098,69105,69112,69138,69143],{"data":68486,"content":68490,"nodeType":925},{"target":68487},{"sys":68488},{"id":68489,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1axcGwWxeKxDMk8jOWhYT6",[],{"data":68492,"content":68493,"nodeType":866},{},[68494],{"data":68495,"marks":68496,"value":68497,"nodeType":865},{},[],"2025 saw a huge amount of attacker innovation when it comes to phishing attacks, as attackers continue to double down on identity-based techniques. The continual evolution of phishing means it remains one of the most effective methods available to attackers today — in fact, it’s arguably more effective than ever. ",{"data":68499,"content":68500,"nodeType":866},{},[68501],{"data":68502,"marks":68503,"value":68504,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the key trends that defined phishing attacks in 2025, and what these changes mean for security teams heading into 2026. ",{"data":68506,"content":68507,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":68509,"content":68510,"nodeType":963},{},[68511],{"data":68512,"marks":68513,"value":68515,"nodeType":865},{},[68514],{"type":961},"#1: Phishing goes omni-channel",{"data":68517,"content":68518,"nodeType":866},{},[68519],{"data":68520,"marks":68521,"value":68522,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve been talking about the rise of non-email phishing for some time now, but 2025 was the year phishing truly went omni-channel. ",{"data":68524,"content":68525,"nodeType":866},{},[68526],{"data":68527,"marks":68528,"value":68529,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Although most of the industry’s data on phishing still comes from email security vendors and tools, the picture is starting to change. Roughly 1 in 3 phishing attacks detected by Push Security were delivered outside of email. ",{"data":68531,"content":68532,"nodeType":866},{},[68533],{"data":68534,"marks":68535,"value":68536,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are many examples of phishing campaigns operated outside of email, with LinkedIn DMs and Google Search being the top channels we identified. Notable campaigns include:",{"data":68538,"content":68539,"nodeType":1049},{},[68540,68562,68584],{"data":68541,"content":68542,"nodeType":1003},{},[68543],{"data":68544,"content":68545,"nodeType":866},{},[68546,68549,68558],{"data":68547,"marks":68548,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68550,"content":68552,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68551},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-push-stopped-a-high-risk-linkedin-spear-phishing-attack",[68553],{"data":68554,"marks":68555,"value":68557,"nodeType":865},{},[68556],{"type":997},"A targeted campaign against tech company Exec’s",{"data":68559,"marks":68560,"value":68561,"nodeType":865},{},[]," delivered via compromised accounts on LinkedIn from other employees of the same organization, framed as an investment opportunity.",{"data":68563,"content":68564,"nodeType":1003},{},[68565],{"data":68566,"content":68567,"nodeType":866},{},[68568,68571,68580],{"data":68569,"marks":68570,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68572,"content":68574,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68573},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/new-phishing-campaign-identified-targeting-linkedin-users",[68575],{"data":68576,"marks":68577,"value":68579,"nodeType":865},{},[68578],{"type":997},"A campaign posing as a South American investment fund",{"data":68581,"marks":68582,"value":68583,"nodeType":865},{},[]," offering the opportunity to join the fund. ",{"data":68585,"content":68586,"nodeType":1003},{},[68587],{"data":68588,"content":68589,"nodeType":866},{},[68590,68594,68603,68607,68616,68620,68629],{"data":68591,"marks":68592,"value":68593,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Several malvertising campaigns capturing users searching for key search terms such as “",{"data":68595,"content":68597,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68596},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-malvertising-attack-targeting-business-google-accounts",[68598],{"data":68599,"marks":68600,"value":68602,"nodeType":865},{},[68601],{"type":997},"Google Ads",{"data":68604,"marks":68605,"value":68606,"nodeType":865},{},[],"”, “",{"data":68608,"content":68610,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68609},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack",[68611],{"data":68612,"marks":68613,"value":68615,"nodeType":865},{},[68614],{"type":997},"TradingView",{"data":68617,"marks":68618,"value":68619,"nodeType":865},{},[],"” and “",{"data":68621,"content":68623,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68622},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers",[68624],{"data":68625,"marks":68626,"value":68628,"nodeType":865},{},[68627],{"type":997},"Onfido",{"data":68630,"marks":68631,"value":68632,"nodeType":865},{},[],"”. ",{"data":68634,"content":68638,"nodeType":925},{"target":68635},{"sys":68636},{"id":68637,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3LjyZooaJQ83eJt8DRX9bP",[],{"data":68640,"content":68644,"nodeType":925},{"target":68641},{"sys":68642},{"id":68643,"type":922,"linkType":923},"644LdQYjRHerpKU5pCGv1n",[],{"data":68646,"content":68650,"nodeType":925},{"target":68647},{"sys":68648},{"id":68649,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3anCGk5A4AOVH1t9dr1xKp",[],{"data":68652,"content":68653,"nodeType":866},{},[68654],{"data":68655,"marks":68656,"value":68657,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing via non-email channels has a number of advantages. With email being the best protected phishing vector, it sidesteps these controls entirely. There’s no need to build up your sender reputation, find ways to trick content analysis engines, or hope your message doesn’t end up in the spam folder.",{"data":68659,"content":68660,"nodeType":866},{},[68661],{"data":68662,"marks":68663,"value":68664,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In comparison, non-email vectors have practically no screening, your security team has no visibility, and users are less likely to anticipate possible phishing. It’s arguable that a company Exec is more likely to engage with a LinkedIn DM from a reputable account than a cold email. And social media apps do nothing to analyse messages for phishing links. (And because of the limitations of URL-based checks when it comes to today’s multi-stage phishing attacks, this would be extremely difficult even if they tried). ",{"data":68666,"content":68667,"nodeType":866},{},[68668,68672,68680],{"data":68669,"marks":68670,"value":68671,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Search engines also present a huge opportunity for attackers, whether they’re compromising existing, high reputation sites, spinning up malicious ads, or simply vibe coding their own SEO-optimized websites. This is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":68673,"content":68675,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68674},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters",[68676],{"data":68677,"marks":68678,"value":16561,"nodeType":865},{},[68679],{"type":997},{"data":68681,"marks":68682,"value":68683,"nodeType":865},{},[],"” criminal collective, all of which began with identity-based initial access). ",{"data":68685,"content":68686,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":68688,"content":68689,"nodeType":963},{},[68690],{"data":68691,"marks":68692,"value":68694,"nodeType":865},{},[68693],{"type":961},"#2: Criminal PhaaS kits dominate",{"data":68696,"content":68697,"nodeType":866},{},[68698],{"data":68699,"marks":68700,"value":68701,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The vast majority of phishing attacks today use a reverse proxy. This means they are capable of bypassing most forms of MFA because a session is created and stolen in real time as part of the attack. There is no downside to this approach compared to the basic credential phishing that was the norm more than a decade ago.",{"data":68703,"content":68704,"nodeType":866},{},[68705],{"data":68706,"marks":68707,"value":68708,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These Attacker-in-the-Middle attacks are powered by criminal Phishing-as-a-Service (PhaaS) kits such as Tycoon, NakedPages, Sneaky2FA, Flowerstorm, Salty2FA, along with various Evilginx variations (nominally a tool for red teamers, but widely used by attackers). ",{"data":68710,"content":68711,"nodeType":866},{},[68712],{"data":68713,"marks":68714,"value":68715,"nodeType":865},{},[],"PhaaS kits are incredibly important to cybercrime because they make sophisticated and continuously evolving capabilities available to the criminal marketplace, lowering the barrier to entry for criminals running advanced phishing campaigns. This is not unique to phishing: Ransomware-as-a-Service, Credential Stuffing-as-a-Service, and many more for-hire tools and services exist for criminals to use for a fee. ",{"data":68717,"content":68718,"nodeType":866},{},[68719,68723,68732,68735,68742,68746,68755],{"data":68720,"marks":68721,"value":68722,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This competitive environment has fueled attacker innovation, resulting in an environment in which MFA-bypass is table stakes, phishing-resistant authentication is being circumvented through ",{"data":68724,"content":68726,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68725},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks",[68727],{"data":68728,"marks":68729,"value":68731,"nodeType":865},{},[68730],{"type":997},"downgrade attacks",{"data":68733,"marks":68734,"value":3892,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68736,"content":68737,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13634},[68738],{"data":68739,"marks":68740,"value":18922,"nodeType":865},{},[68741],{"type":997},{"data":68743,"marks":68744,"value":68745,"nodeType":865},{},[]," are being used to circumvent security tools — from email scanners, to web-crawling security tools, to web proxies analyzing network traffic. It also means that when new capabilities emerge — such as ",{"data":68747,"content":68749,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68748},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-latest-sneaky2fa-phishing-page",[68750],{"data":68751,"marks":68752,"value":68754,"nodeType":865},{},[68753],{"type":997},"Browser-in-the-Browser",{"data":68756,"marks":68757,"value":68758,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — these are quickly integrated into a range of phishing kits. ",{"data":68760,"content":68761,"nodeType":866},{},[68762],{"data":68763,"marks":68764,"value":68765,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Some of the most prevalent detection evasion methods we’ve seen this year are:",{"data":68767,"content":68768,"nodeType":1049},{},[68769,68779,68789],{"data":68770,"content":68771,"nodeType":1003},{},[68772],{"data":68773,"content":68774,"nodeType":866},{},[68775],{"data":68776,"marks":68777,"value":68778,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Widespread use of bot protection. Every phishing page today comes with either a custom CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile (legitimate and fake versions) designed to block web-crawling security bots from being able to analyse phishing pages. ",{"data":68780,"content":68781,"nodeType":1003},{},[68782],{"data":68783,"content":68784,"nodeType":866},{},[68785],{"data":68786,"marks":68787,"value":68788,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Extensive redirect chains between the initial link seeded out to the victim, and the actual malicious page hosting phishing content, designed to bury phishing sites among several legitimate pages. ",{"data":68790,"content":68791,"nodeType":1003},{},[68792],{"data":68793,"content":68794,"nodeType":866},{},[68795,68799,68807],{"data":68796,"marks":68797,"value":68798,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Multi-stage page loading performed client-side via JavaScript. This means that pages are ",{"data":68800,"content":68801,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52732},[68802],{"data":68803,"marks":68804,"value":68806,"nodeType":865},{},[68805],{"type":997},"conditionally loaded",{"data":68808,"marks":68809,"value":68810,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and if conditions aren’t met, malicious content isn’t served — so the page looks clean. This also means that most of the malicious activity is happening locally, without creating web requests that can be analysed by network traffic analysis tools (e.g. web proxies). ",{"data":68812,"content":68816,"nodeType":925},{"target":68813},{"sys":68814},{"id":68815,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5LLgjhCexTYd5OlHuptv3n",[],{"data":68818,"content":68819,"nodeType":866},{},[68820],{"data":68821,"marks":68822,"value":68823,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This contributes to an environment where phishing is going undetected for extended periods of time. Even when a page is flagged, it’s trivial for attackers to dynamically serve up different phishing pages from the same benign chain of URLs used in the attack. ",{"data":68825,"content":68826,"nodeType":866},{},[68827],{"data":68828,"marks":68829,"value":68830,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is all to say that the old-school approach to URL blocking bad sites is becoming much harder and leaves you two steps behind attackers at all times.",{"data":68832,"content":68833,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":68835,"content":68836,"nodeType":963},{},[68837],{"data":68838,"marks":68839,"value":68841,"nodeType":865},{},[68840],{"type":961},"#3: Attackers find ways around phishing-resistant authentication (and other security controls)",{"data":68843,"content":68844,"nodeType":866},{},[68845],{"data":68846,"marks":68847,"value":68848,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We already mentioned that MFA downgrade has been an area of focus for security researchers and attackers. But phishing-resistant authentication methods (i.e. passkeys) remain effective so long as the phishing-resistant factor is the only possible login factor, and there are no backup methods enabled for the account. (Though because of the logistical issues of having just one factor, this is fairly uncommon.) ",{"data":68850,"content":68851,"nodeType":866},{},[68852],{"data":68853,"marks":68854,"value":68855,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Equally, access control policies can be applied on larger enterprise apps and cloud platforms to reduce the risk of unauthorized access (although these can be tricky to implement and maintain without error).",{"data":68857,"content":68858,"nodeType":866},{},[68859],{"data":68860,"marks":68861,"value":68862,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In any case, attackers are considering all eventualities and looking for alternative ways into accounts that are less well protected. This mainly involves attackers circumventing the standard authentication process, through techniques such as:",{"data":68864,"content":68865,"nodeType":1049},{},[68866,68894,68919],{"data":68867,"content":68868,"nodeType":1003},{},[68869],{"data":68870,"content":68871,"nodeType":866},{},[68872,68875,68885,68890],{"data":68873,"marks":68874,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68876,"content":68878,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68877},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/consent_phishing/description.md",[68879],{"data":68880,"marks":68881,"value":68884,"nodeType":865},{},[68882,68883],{"type":997},{"type":961},"Consent phishing",{"data":68886,"marks":68887,"value":68889,"nodeType":865},{},[68888],{"type":961},":",{"data":68891,"marks":68892,"value":68893,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Tricking victims into connecting malicious OAuth apps into their app tenant.",{"data":68895,"content":68896,"nodeType":1003},{},[68897],{"data":68898,"content":68899,"nodeType":866},{},[68900,68903,68911,68915],{"data":68901,"marks":68902,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":68904,"content":68905,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18506},[68906],{"data":68907,"marks":68908,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[68909,68910],{"type":997},{"type":961},{"data":68912,"marks":68913,"value":11208,"nodeType":865},{},[68914],{"type":961},{"data":68916,"marks":68917,"value":68918,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The same as consent phishing, but authorizing through the device code flow designed for device logins that cannot support OAuth, by providing a substitute passcode. ",{"data":68920,"content":68921,"nodeType":1003},{},[68922],{"data":68923,"content":68924,"nodeType":866},{},[68925,68930],{"data":68926,"marks":68927,"value":68929,"nodeType":865},{},[68928],{"type":961},"Malicious browser extensions: ",{"data":68931,"marks":68932,"value":68933,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tricking victims into installing a malicious extension (or hijacking an existing one) to steal credentials and cookies from the browser. ",{"data":68935,"content":68939,"nodeType":925},{"target":68936},{"sys":68937},{"id":68938,"type":922,"linkType":923},"75lMjdJtq9APebTaF2hQ1b",[],{"data":68941,"content":68945,"nodeType":925},{"target":68942},{"sys":68943},{"id":68944,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4KWwlg8PsuyAud8i5tpWfH",[],{"data":68947,"content":68948,"nodeType":866},{},[68949,68953,68961,68965,68974],{"data":68950,"marks":68951,"value":68952,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another technique that attackers are using to steal credentials and sessions is ",{"data":68954,"content":68956,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68955},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-most-advanced-clickfix-yet",[68957],{"data":68958,"marks":68959,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[68960],{"type":997},{"data":68962,"marks":68963,"value":68964,"nodeType":865},{},[],". ClickFix was the ",{"data":68966,"content":68968,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68967},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf#page=36",[68969],{"data":68970,"marks":68971,"value":68973,"nodeType":865},{},[68972],{"type":997},"top initial access vector detected by Microsoft last year",{"data":68975,"marks":68976,"value":68977,"nodeType":865},{},[],", involved in 47% of attacks. While not a traditional phishing attack, this sees attackers socially engineer users into running malicious code on their machine, typically deploying remote access tools and infostealer malware. Infostealers are then used to harvest credentials and cookies for initial access to various apps and services. ",{"data":68979,"content":68983,"nodeType":925},{"target":68980},{"sys":68981},{"id":68982,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4cC9GbPoKFmYUJgbkbeOLs",[],{"data":68985,"content":68986,"nodeType":866},{},[68987,68991,68999],{"data":68988,"marks":68989,"value":68990,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security researchers have also discovered a brand new technique dubbed ",{"data":68992,"content":68994,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68993},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix",[68995],{"data":68996,"marks":68997,"value":11095,"nodeType":865},{},[68998],{"type":997},{"data":69000,"marks":69001,"value":69002,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — a browser-native version of ClickFix that results in an OAuth connection being established to the target app, simply by copying and pasting a legitimate URL containing OAuth key material. ",{"data":69004,"content":69008,"nodeType":925},{"target":69005},{"sys":69006},{"id":69007,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4bdqleePd53oK5v5uEUFbr",[],{"data":69010,"content":69011,"nodeType":866},{},[69012],{"data":69013,"marks":69014,"value":69015,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is even more dangerous than ClickFix as it is entirely browser-native — removing the endpoint detection surface (and strong security controls like EDR) from the equation entirely. 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Despite this, the attacker’s MO was specifically the takeover of accounts used for the management of digital ads. ",{"data":70020,"content":70024,"nodeType":925},{"target":70021},{"sys":70022},{"id":70023,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5oivBCf1Fqvnq0GNCSko8f",[],{"data":70026,"content":70027,"nodeType":866},{},[70028],{"data":70029,"marks":70030,"value":70031,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this blog post, we break down the various TTPs used by the attacker across the campaign, and consider why ad management platforms are being specifically targeted.  ",{"data":70033,"content":70034,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":70036,"content":70037,"nodeType":963},{},[70038],{"data":70039,"marks":70040,"value":70042,"nodeType":865},{},[70041],{"type":961},"Variant 1: Targeting Google Workspace with a sophisticated email phish ",{"data":70044,"content":70045,"nodeType":866},{},[70046],{"data":70047,"marks":70048,"value":70049,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first phishing variant we analyzed began with a multi-stage phishing email lure, framed as a job opportunity for LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy), which oversees more than 75 brands across sectors like fashion, cosmetics, watches, and spirits. The specific delivery address is impersonating “Inside LVMH”, the talent acquisition and training arm of LVMH.  ",{"data":70051,"content":70052,"nodeType":866},{},[70053],{"data":70054,"marks":70055,"value":70056,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This lure is notable for multiple reasons. It is highly targeted, well-written, populated with information from the victim, and coming from what appears to be a legitimate employee of LVMH. Even if the victim was initially suspicious, searching for the recruiter’s name would appear to confirm their identity.  ",{"data":70058,"content":70059,"nodeType":866},{},[70060],{"data":70061,"marks":70062,"value":70063,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It is possible, even likely, that this interaction was operated using AI, using information scraped from the internet — but in any case, the outcome achieved is highly convincing. ",{"data":70065,"content":70069,"nodeType":925},{"target":70066},{"sys":70067},{"id":70068,"type":922,"linkType":923},"46BYpquURERbkhWc6C2Lpc",[],{"data":70071,"content":70072,"nodeType":866},{},[70073],{"data":70074,"marks":70075,"value":70076,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Only after the victim has responded to an initial email was the phishing link delivered under the guise of a Calendly link to book time for a call. ",{"data":70078,"content":70082,"nodeType":925},{"target":70079},{"sys":70080},{"id":70081,"type":922,"linkType":923},"37GBkfXGEdWvdQbMq65sad",[],{"data":70084,"content":70085,"nodeType":866},{},[70086],{"data":70087,"marks":70088,"value":70089,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clicking the link takes the victim to an authentic-looking page impersonating a Calendly landing page.",{"data":70091,"content":70095,"nodeType":925},{"target":70092},{"sys":70093},{"id":70094,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1DwOPzK7mxsoJlEBp8cMpr",[],{"data":70097,"content":70098,"nodeType":866},{},[70099],{"data":70100,"marks":70101,"value":70102,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After completing the CAPTCHA check and selecting \"Continue with Google” the victim is redirected to an AiTM phishing page designed to capture Google Workspace credentials, with specific branding impersonating Calendly — making this visually distinct from most common Google-themed phishing pages. ",{"data":70104,"content":70108,"nodeType":925},{"target":70105},{"sys":70106},{"id":70107,"type":922,"linkType":923},"u1SY1uUX23sxfBYLpyaKb",[],{"data":70110,"content":70111,"nodeType":866},{},[70112,70116,70124,70128,70135],{"data":70113,"marks":70114,"value":70115,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This page uses ",{"data":70117,"content":70118,"nodeType":882},{"uri":52732},[70119],{"data":70120,"marks":70121,"value":70123,"nodeType":865},{},[70122],{"type":997},"specific targeting parameters",{"data":70125,"marks":70126,"value":70127,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to ensure that only the intended recipient is able to access the page’s malicious functionality — a well-known ",{"data":70129,"content":70130,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13634},[70131],{"data":70132,"marks":70133,"value":13639,"nodeType":865},{},[70134],{"type":997},{"data":70136,"marks":70137,"value":70138,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to prevent security analysts from being able to fully analyse the page (as malicious elements are not rendered until this check is completed). ",{"data":70140,"content":70141,"nodeType":866},{},[70142],{"data":70143,"marks":70144,"value":70145,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As you can see in the example below, attempts to use any email other than the intended victim’s email domain are blocked.   ",{"data":70147,"content":70151,"nodeType":925},{"target":70148},{"sys":70149},{"id":70150,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5m8LvVYjXz0zrITgTWqxio",[],{"data":70153,"content":70154,"nodeType":866},{},[70155],{"data":70156,"marks":70157,"value":70158,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Only entering an allowed email domain loads the password entry field. ",{"data":70160,"content":70164,"nodeType":925},{"target":70161},{"sys":70162},{"id":70163,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6KFRJSsgk2pB6x67kWdpws",[],{"data":70166,"content":70167,"nodeType":866},{},[70168],{"data":70169,"marks":70170,"value":70171,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We identified a number of pages that appear to be part of the same campaign. All these pages have the same visual style, Calendly-themed lure targeting Google Workspace accounts, and appear to match real employees of the respective companies being impersonated. ",{"data":70173,"content":70177,"nodeType":925},{"target":70174},{"sys":70175},{"id":70176,"type":922,"linkType":923},"zMkN1U5QlvIEcfOGmhBBf",[],{"data":70179,"content":70180,"nodeType":866},{},[70181],{"data":70182,"marks":70183,"value":70184,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The different pages include:",{"data":70186,"content":70187,"nodeType":1049},{},[70188,70198,70208,70218],{"data":70189,"content":70190,"nodeType":1003},{},[70191],{"data":70192,"content":70193,"nodeType":866},{},[70194],{"data":70195,"marks":70196,"value":70197,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A different visual match for the LVMH page.",{"data":70199,"content":70200,"nodeType":1003},{},[70201],{"data":70202,"content":70203,"nodeType":866},{},[70204],{"data":70205,"marks":70206,"value":70207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A Lego recruitment themed page.",{"data":70209,"content":70210,"nodeType":1003},{},[70211],{"data":70212,"content":70213,"nodeType":866},{},[70214],{"data":70215,"marks":70216,"value":70217,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A Mastercard HR themed page.",{"data":70219,"content":70220,"nodeType":1003},{},[70221],{"data":70222,"content":70223,"nodeType":866},{},[70224],{"data":70225,"marks":70226,"value":70227,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An Uber recruitment themed page.",{"data":70229,"content":70230,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":70232,"content":70233,"nodeType":963},{},[70234],{"data":70235,"marks":70236,"value":70238,"nodeType":865},{},[70237],{"type":961},"Variant 2: Targeting Facebook Business accounts",{"data":70240,"content":70241,"nodeType":866},{},[70242],{"data":70243,"marks":70244,"value":70245,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Upon further investigation, we found links to a second phishing page style that appears to be part of a longer campaign targeting Facebook accounts, dating back more than two years. ",{"data":70247,"content":70248,"nodeType":866},{},[70249],{"data":70250,"marks":70251,"value":70252,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In total, we identified 31 unique URLs associated with the same campaign, many of which were recycled over time to impersonate different brands. ",{"data":70254,"content":70255,"nodeType":866},{},[70256],{"data":70257,"marks":70258,"value":70259,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Since most of these pages appeared to be older (and no longer live) they could not be analysed further, beyond giving an indication of how the phishing campaign has evolved over time. ",{"data":70261,"content":70265,"nodeType":925},{"target":70262},{"sys":70263},{"id":70264,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5PFRI9XtNVdkpYiRoIYpF",[],{"data":70267,"content":70268,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":70270,"content":70271,"nodeType":963},{},[70272],{"data":70273,"marks":70274,"value":70276,"nodeType":865},{},[70275],{"type":961},"Variant 3: Targeting both Google and Facebook accounts",{"data":70278,"content":70279,"nodeType":866},{},[70280],{"data":70281,"marks":70282,"value":70283,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We also discovered a third, more recent variant targeting both Google and Facebook accounts with Calendly-styled pages.",{"data":70285,"content":70286,"nodeType":866},{},[70287,70291,70300],{"data":70288,"marks":70289,"value":70290,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This variant looks to leverage a Browser-in-the-Browser style pop-up window similar to the ",{"data":70292,"content":70294,"nodeType":882},{"uri":70293},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-latest-sneaky2fa-phishing-page/",[70295],{"data":70296,"marks":70297,"value":70299,"nodeType":865},{},[70298],{"type":997},"Sneaky2FA attacks we reported on recently",{"data":70301,"marks":70302,"value":70303,"nodeType":865},{},[],". BITB allows the attacker to mask the phishing page URL by presenting a fake URL set by the attacker, inside a pop-up login window. ",{"data":70305,"content":70309,"nodeType":925},{"target":70306},{"sys":70307},{"id":70308,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7w4cmyqPvhxAFrokaK9CE1",[],{"data":70311,"content":70315,"nodeType":925},{"target":70312},{"sys":70313},{"id":70314,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6FUSNecz0BXLxJxoJTsALD",[],{"data":70317,"content":70321,"nodeType":925},{"target":70318},{"sys":70319},{"id":70320,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2zwFDrgsLuxi4Xv2q0nPFK",[],{"data":70323,"content":70324,"nodeType":866},{},[70325],{"data":70326,"marks":70327,"value":70328,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker also implemented additional anti-analysis functionality, beyond the specific domain targeting we observed in the first page variant — the result of which meant the page IP blocked us from interacting with it further. ",{"data":70330,"content":70334,"nodeType":925},{"target":70331},{"sys":70332},{"id":70333,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3ZPdxi5cGZcn5hF1ISIUa7",[],{"data":70336,"content":70340,"nodeType":925},{"target":70337},{"sys":70338},{"id":70339,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3J5pmgNL9LevE1FdX4oksf",[],{"data":70342,"content":70343,"nodeType":866},{},[70344,70348,70357],{"data":70345,"marks":70346,"value":70347,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Often ",{"data":70349,"content":70351,"nodeType":882},{"uri":70350},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/anti-sandbox/",[70352],{"data":70353,"marks":70354,"value":70356,"nodeType":865},{},[70355],{"type":997},"accessing dev tools",{"data":70358,"marks":70359,"value":70360,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on a page is enough to trigger this, specifically targeting security analysts and web-crawling security bots/tools. ",{"data":70362,"content":70363,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":70365,"content":70366,"nodeType":963},{},[70367],{"data":70368,"marks":70369,"value":70371,"nodeType":865},{},[70370],{"type":961},"Why are attackers targeting business ad management accounts?",{"data":70373,"content":70374,"nodeType":866},{},[70375,70379,70387],{"data":70376,"marks":70377,"value":70378,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The campaign shows signs of being a long-running, targeted initiative focused on compromising accounts responsible for managing digital ads on behalf of businesses. The attackers have demonstrated that they are continuing to iterate on their TTPs, introducing new page styles with increased sophistication, and new ",{"data":70380,"content":70382,"nodeType":882},{"uri":70381},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/#techniques-table",[70383],{"data":70384,"marks":70385,"value":18922,"nodeType":865},{},[70386],{"type":997},{"data":70388,"marks":70389,"value":70390,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to defeat security analysis tools.  ",{"data":70392,"content":70396,"nodeType":925},{"target":70393},{"sys":70394},{"id":70395,"type":922,"linkType":923},"m5GsTsDb55T70MU2m72B1",[],{"data":70398,"content":70399,"nodeType":866},{},[70400],{"data":70401,"marks":70402,"value":70403,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We also discovered that Google recently issued a security warning specifically for agency organizations managing ads for a number of businesses, urging them to create security alerts whenever a new account is added to a Manager Account (MCC) used to view and manage multiple Google Ads accounts from a single view. ",{"data":70405,"content":70406,"nodeType":866},{},[70407,70411,70418],{"data":70408,"marks":70409,"value":70410,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With malvertising on the rise as an increasingly popular attack vector for the delivery of AITM phishing, malware downloads, and ",{"data":70412,"content":70413,"nodeType":882},{"uri":23626},[70414],{"data":70415,"marks":70416,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[70417],{"type":997},{"data":70419,"marks":70420,"value":70421,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push were delivered via Google Search), it makes sense that attackers are looking to increase their web of accounts from which to launch malicious ads. ",{"data":70423,"content":70424,"nodeType":1458},{},[70425],{"data":70426,"marks":70427,"value":70429,"nodeType":865},{},[70428],{"type":961},"Why are attackers turning to malvertising?",{"data":70431,"content":70432,"nodeType":866},{},[70433],{"data":70434,"marks":70435,"value":70436,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising attacks delivered over search engines (e.g. Google Search) and social media apps (Facebook, LinkedIn, etc.) are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. ",{"data":70438,"content":70439,"nodeType":866},{},[70440],{"data":70441,"marks":70442,"value":70443,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The flipside of this is that malvertising attacks are less likely to be targeted than phishing delivered directly to the victim via a direct message (i.e. email, social media DM, instant messenger app, SMS, etc.). ",{"data":70445,"content":70446,"nodeType":866},{},[70447],{"data":70448,"marks":70449,"value":70450,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, that isn’t to say that malvertising attacks can’t be targeted. For example, Google Ads can be targeted to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. Even more precise ad targeting can be achieved on social media platforms. ",{"data":70452,"content":70453,"nodeType":866},{},[70454,70458,70465],{"data":70455,"marks":70456,"value":70457,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malvertising is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":70459,"content":70460,"nodeType":882},{"uri":8759},[70461],{"data":70462,"marks":70463,"value":16561,"nodeType":865},{},[70464],{"type":997},{"data":70466,"marks":70467,"value":70468,"nodeType":865},{},[],"” criminal collective, all of which began with identity-based initial access). For this reason, credentials and access are an increasingly profitable commodity for cyber criminals. ",{"data":70470,"content":70471,"nodeType":1458},{},[70472],{"data":70473,"marks":70474,"value":70476,"nodeType":865},{},[70475],{"type":961},"Additional considerations",{"data":70478,"content":70479,"nodeType":866},{},[70480],{"data":70481,"marks":70482,"value":70483,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As previously mentioned, compromising a Google Workspace account (particularly where it is the primary enterprise cloud platform used by the organization) provides comprehensive access to business apps, data, and functionality that can be exploited by attackers — effectively, it’s the access point to modern business IT. There’s a good chance that attackers establishing a foothold in this way would look to leverage this access further, or at least sell on that access to a criminal group looking to take the attack further. ",{"data":70485,"content":70489,"nodeType":925},{"target":70486},{"sys":70487},{"id":70488,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7jnQqRk0JuqEtrQ3HXy3f8",[],{"data":70491,"content":70492,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":70494,"content":70495,"nodeType":963},{},[70496],{"data":70497,"marks":70498,"value":53286,"nodeType":865},{},[70499],{"type":961},{"data":70501,"content":70502,"nodeType":866},{},[70503],{"data":70504,"marks":70505,"value":70506,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We have opted not to provide the domains associated with that campaign to preserve the privacy of the individuals being impersonated by the attacker. In many cases, their full name was included in the URL for the phishing page, while their name and profile picture (most likely scraped from LinkedIn) are also visible on the landing page. 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Here's the top trends from this year and what they mean for security teams heading into 2026. \n","Analyzing the key trends that defined phishing attacks in 2025, and what these changes mean for security teams heading into 2026. ",{"id":71429,"publishedAt":71430},"5CqV6e5wfHsfEVczkWSerZ","2026-08-12T11:53:25.080Z",{"items":71432},[71433,71435],{"sys":71434,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"sys":71436,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"items":71438},[71439,71441,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481],{"sys":71440,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":71442,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":71444,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":71446,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":71448,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":71450,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":71452,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":71454,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":71456,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":71458,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":71460,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":71462,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45},{"id":560},{"sys":71464,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":71466,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":71468,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":71470,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":71472,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":71474,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":71476,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":71478,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":71480,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":71482,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},"7YvVxDfBfBbYwky5xPf7erTDCzlAGNd3QktYmRe96W8",{"id":71485,"title":71486,"authorsCollection":71487,"content":71492,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":72192,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":72194,"metaTitle":72195,"ogImage":72196,"postType":1783,"publishedDate":72198,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":72199,"slug":74606,"stem":74607,"subtitle":59,"summary":74608,"synopsis":74619,"sys":74620,"tagsCollection":74623,"topicsCollection":74629,"__hash__":74677},"blog/blog/6-browser-based-attacks-every-security-team-should-be-prepared-for.json","6 browser-based attacks every security team should be prepared for",{"items":71488},[71489],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"socialLinks":71490,"profilePicture":71491},[14658],{"url":11434},{"json":71493,"links":72138},{"data":71494,"content":71495,"nodeType":1739},{},[71496,71512,71519,71522,71530,71537,71544,71564,71570,71577,71584,71591,71598,71601,71609,71616,71622,71629,71637,71644,71651,71657,71675,71681,71688,71695,71702,71708,71711,71719,71737,71744,71776,71783,71790,71796,71803,71810,71817,71820,71828,71844,71850,71857,71864,71870,71877,71884,71887,71895,71902,71922,71966,71973,71980,71987,71990,71998,72005,72012,72019,72022,72030,72037,72068,72088,72095,72098,72106,72113,72120],{"data":71497,"content":71498,"nodeType":866},{},[71499,71503,71508],{"data":71500,"marks":71501,"value":71502,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The view that \"the browser is the new endpoint\" and \"the new battleground for cyber attacks\" is becoming increasingly advocated by security leaders. But what does this ",{"data":71504,"marks":71505,"value":71507,"nodeType":865},{},[71506],{"type":944},"actually",{"data":71509,"marks":71510,"value":71511,"nodeType":865},{},[]," mean for security teams? ",{"data":71513,"content":71514,"nodeType":866},{},[71515],{"data":71516,"marks":71517,"value":71518,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we’re cutting out the jargon to explore what a browser-based attack is, and what’s required for effective detection and response. ",{"data":71520,"content":71521,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":71523,"content":71524,"nodeType":963},{},[71525],{"data":71526,"marks":71527,"value":71529,"nodeType":865},{},[71528],{"type":961},"What is the goal of a browser-based attack?   ",{"data":71531,"content":71532,"nodeType":866},{},[71533],{"data":71534,"marks":71535,"value":71536,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First, it’s important to establish what the point of a browser-based attack is.",{"data":71538,"content":71539,"nodeType":866},{},[71540],{"data":71541,"marks":71542,"value":71543,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In most scenarios, attackers don’t think of themselves as attacking your web browser. Their end-goal is to compromise your business apps and data. That means going after the third-party apps and services that are now the backbone of business IT — and therefore the top target for attackers. ",{"data":71545,"content":71546,"nodeType":866},{},[71547,71551,71560],{"data":71548,"marks":71549,"value":71550,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most common attack path today sees attackers log into third-party services, dump the data, and monetize it through extortion. You need only look at last year’s ",{"data":71552,"content":71554,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71553},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[71555],{"data":71556,"marks":71557,"value":71559,"nodeType":865},{},[71558],{"type":997},"Snowflake",{"data":71561,"marks":71562,"value":71563,"nodeType":865},{},[]," customer breaches or the still-ongoing Salesforce attacks to see the impact.",{"data":71565,"content":71569,"nodeType":925},{"target":71566},{"sys":71567},{"id":71568,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5agrVXzEdwALmew2F5SPDp",[],{"data":71571,"content":71572,"nodeType":866},{},[71573],{"data":71574,"marks":71575,"value":71576,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most logical way to do this is by targeting users of those apps. And because of the changes to working practices, your users are more accessible than ever to external attackers.",{"data":71578,"content":71579,"nodeType":866},{},[71580],{"data":71581,"marks":71582,"value":71583,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once upon a time, email was the primary communication channel with the wider world, and work happened locally — on your device, and inside your locked-down network environment. This made email and the endpoint the highest priority from a security perspective. But now, with modern work happening across a network of decentralized internet apps, and more varied communication channels outside of email, it’s harder to stop users from interacting with malicious content (at least, without significantly impeding their ability to do their jobs).",{"data":71585,"content":71586,"nodeType":866},{},[71587],{"data":71588,"marks":71589,"value":71590,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Given that the browser is the place where business apps are accessed and used, it makes sense that attacks are increasingly playing out there too. ",{"data":71592,"content":71593,"nodeType":866},{},[71594],{"data":71595,"marks":71596,"value":71597,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With that covered off, let’s take a closer look at the most prevalent browser-based attack techniques being used by attackers in the wild today.",{"data":71599,"content":71600,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":71602,"content":71603,"nodeType":963},{},[71604],{"data":71605,"marks":71606,"value":71608,"nodeType":865},{},[71607],{"type":961},"The 6 key browser-based attacks that security teams need to know about",{"data":71610,"content":71611,"nodeType":866},{},[71612],{"data":71613,"marks":71614,"value":71615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attacks that target users in their web browsers have seen an unprecedented rise in recent years. ",{"data":71617,"content":71621,"nodeType":925},{"target":71618},{"sys":71619},{"id":71620,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4ogNqZdObSIJXavHP44lom",[],{"data":71623,"content":71624,"nodeType":866},{},[71625],{"data":71626,"marks":71627,"value":71628,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here's our breakdown of the top 6 browser-based attacks that should be on every security team's radar right now. ",{"data":71630,"content":71631,"nodeType":1458},{},[71632],{"data":71633,"marks":71634,"value":71636,"nodeType":865},{},[71635],{"type":961},"1. Phishing for credentials and sessions",{"data":71638,"content":71639,"nodeType":866},{},[71640],{"data":71641,"marks":71642,"value":71643,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The most direct way for an attacker to compromise a business application is to phish a user of that app. You might not necessarily think of phishing as a browser-based attack, but that’s exactly what it is today. ",{"data":71645,"content":71646,"nodeType":866},{},[71647],{"data":71648,"marks":71649,"value":71650,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing tooling and infrastructure has evolved a lot in the past decade, while the changes to business IT means there are both many more vectors for phishing attack delivery, and apps and identities to target. Attackers can deliver links over instant messenger apps, social media, SMS, malicious ads, and using in-app messenger functionality, as well as sending emails directly from SaaS services to bypass email-based checks. Likewise, there are now hundreds of apps per enterprise to target, with varying levels of account security configuration. ",{"data":71652,"content":71656,"nodeType":925},{"target":71653},{"sys":71654},{"id":71655,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3SrKOgpedLMQRpKIZqUQur",[],{"data":71658,"content":71659,"nodeType":866},{},[71660,71664,71672],{"data":71661,"marks":71662,"value":71663,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Whereas phishing was once entirely focused on credential theft, modern phishing attacks see the attacker intercept the victim’s session on the target app, using reverse-proxy Attacker-in-the-Middle kits that are the standard choice for attackers today. This means most forms of MFA can be bypassed, with the exception of passkeys (though attackers are finding ways to work around passkeys using ",{"data":71665,"content":71667,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71666},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks/?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[71668],{"data":71669,"marks":71670,"value":68731,"nodeType":865},{},[71671],{"type":997},{"data":71673,"marks":71674,"value":41768,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":71676,"content":71680,"nodeType":925},{"target":71677},{"sys":71678},{"id":71679,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2sOFEdAwQZjWOGzNAlGavb",[],{"data":71682,"content":71683,"nodeType":866},{},[71684],{"data":71685,"marks":71686,"value":71687,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are other key differences to be aware of too. Today, phishing operates on an industrial scale, using an array of obfuscation and detection evasion techniques. The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection (e.g. CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using runtime anti-analysis features, and using legitimate SaaS and cloud services to host and deliver phishing links to cover their tracks.",{"data":71689,"content":71690,"nodeType":866},{},[71691],{"data":71692,"marks":71693,"value":71694,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means that traditional anti-phishing tools at the email and network layer are struggling to keep up, with many attacks evading email-based detections (or bypassing email altogether). At the same time, proxy-based solutions now see a garbled mess of JavaScript code without the necessary context of what is actually happening in the browser to be able to piece it together effectively. Even if they don’t realize it, this means many organizations are now relying solely on blocking known-bad sites and hosts — a wildly ineffective solution in 2025 with the rate that attackers refresh and rotate their phishing infrastructure. ",{"data":71696,"content":71697,"nodeType":866},{},[71698],{"data":71699,"marks":71700,"value":71701,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These changes make phishing more effective than ever, and increasingly difficult to detect and block without being able to observe and analyze web pages that a user interacts with in real time — something only possible with browser-level visibility. ",{"data":71703,"content":71707,"nodeType":925},{"target":71704},{"sys":71705},{"id":71706,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1II2kHyOZcShLsexx1TAgy",[],{"data":71709,"content":71710,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":71712,"content":71713,"nodeType":1458},{},[71714],{"data":71715,"marks":71716,"value":71718,"nodeType":865},{},[71717],{"type":961},"2. Malicious copy and paste (aka. ClickFix, FileFix, etc.)",{"data":71720,"content":71721,"nodeType":866},{},[71722,71726,71734],{"data":71723,"marks":71724,"value":71725,"nodeType":865},{},[],"One of the biggest security trends in the past year has been the emergence of the attack technique known as ",{"data":71727,"content":71729,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71728},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/08/21/think-before-you-clickfix-analyzing-the-clickfix-social-engineering-technique/",[71730],{"data":71731,"marks":71732,"value":315,"nodeType":865},{},[71733],{"type":997},{"data":71735,"marks":71736,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":71738,"content":71739,"nodeType":866},{},[71740],{"data":71741,"marks":71742,"value":71743,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Originally known as “Fake CAPTCHA”, these attacks attempt to trick users into running malicious commands on their device — typically by solving some form of verification challenge in the browser. ",{"data":71745,"content":71746,"nodeType":866},{},[71747,71751,71760,71764,71773],{"data":71748,"marks":71749,"value":71750,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In reality, by solving the challenge, the victim is actually copying malicious code from the page clipboard and running it on their device. It typically gives the victim instructions that involve clicking prompts and copying, pasting, and running commands directly in the Windows Run dialog box, Terminal, or PowerShell. Variants such as ",{"data":71752,"content":71754,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71753},"https://mrd0x.com/filefix-clickfix-alternative/",[71755],{"data":71756,"marks":71757,"value":71759,"nodeType":865},{},[71758],{"type":997},"FileFix",{"data":71761,"marks":71762,"value":71763,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have also emerged which instead uses the File Explorer Address Bar to execute OS commands, while recent examples have seen this attack branch out to ",{"data":71765,"content":71767,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71766},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fake-mac-fixes-trick-users-into-installing-new-shamos-infostealer/",[71768],{"data":71769,"marks":71770,"value":71772,"nodeType":865},{},[71771],{"type":997},"Mac via the macOS terminal",{"data":71774,"marks":71775,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":71777,"content":71778,"nodeType":866},{},[71779],{"data":71780,"marks":71781,"value":71782,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most commonly, these attacks are used to deliver infostealer malware, using stolen session cookies and credentials to access business apps and services. ",{"data":71784,"content":71785,"nodeType":866},{},[71786],{"data":71787,"marks":71788,"value":71789,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Like modern credential and session phishing, links to malicious pages are distributed over various delivery channels and using a variety of lures, including impersonating CAPTCHA, Cloudflare Turnstile, simulating an error loading a webpage, and many more. ",{"data":71791,"content":71795,"nodeType":925},{"target":71792},{"sys":71793},{"id":71794,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6O9YiOfhpGFCDsTil9F3On",[],{"data":71797,"content":71798,"nodeType":866},{},[71799],{"data":71800,"marks":71801,"value":71802,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The variance in lure, and differences between different versions of the same lure, can make it difficult to fingerprint and detect based on visual elements alone. Also, many of the same protections being used to obfuscate and prevent analysis of phishing pages also apply to ClickFix pages, making it equally challenging to detect and block them. ",{"data":71804,"content":71805,"nodeType":866},{},[71806],{"data":71807,"marks":71808,"value":71809,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This leaves most of the detection and blocking down to endpoint-layer controls around user-level code execution and malware running on a device. The quantity of ClickFix-related headlines in the news would indicate that endpoint controls are being routinely bypassed, or perhaps evaded altogether by targeting personal or BYOD devices. ",{"data":71811,"content":71812,"nodeType":866},{},[71813],{"data":71814,"marks":71815,"value":71816,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There is a significant opportunity to detect these attacks in the browser and stop them at the earliest opportunity, before they reach the endpoint. Every ClickFix attack and variant has a key action in common — malicious code is copied from the page’s clipboard. In some cases, this happens without any user interaction (where the only requirement on the user is to run code that has been silently copied behind the scenes), presenting a strong indicator of malicious behavior that can be observed in the browser. ",{"data":71818,"content":71819,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":71821,"content":71822,"nodeType":1458},{},[71823],{"data":71824,"marks":71825,"value":71827,"nodeType":865},{},[71826],{"type":961},"3. Malicious OAuth integrations",{"data":71829,"content":71830,"nodeType":866},{},[71831,71835,71841],{"data":71832,"marks":71833,"value":71834,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious OAuth integrations are another way for attackers to compromise an app by tricking a user into authorizing an integration with a malicious, attacker-controlled app, with the level of data access and functionality dictated by the scopes authorized in the request. This is also known as ",{"data":71836,"content":71837,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68877},[71838],{"data":71839,"marks":71840,"value":52972,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":71842,"marks":71843,"value":10349,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":71845,"content":71849,"nodeType":925},{"target":71846},{"sys":71847},{"id":71848,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5JaP4WSfFsFSbvaa9BQBOq",[],{"data":71851,"content":71852,"nodeType":866},{},[71853],{"data":71854,"marks":71855,"value":71856,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is an effective way for attackers to bypass hardened authentication and access controls by sidestepping the typical login process to take over an account and compromise business apps. This includes phishing-resistant MFA methods like passkeys — since the standard login process does not apply. ",{"data":71858,"content":71859,"nodeType":866},{},[71860],{"data":71861,"marks":71862,"value":71863,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A variant of this attack has dominated the headlines recently with the ongoing Salesforce breaches. In this scenario, the attacker tricked the victim into authorizing an attacker-controlled OAuth app via the device code authorization flow in Salesforce, which requires the user to enter an 8-digit code in place of a password or MFA factor.",{"data":71865,"content":71869,"nodeType":925},{"target":71866},{"sys":71867},{"id":71868,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3odEFcUcpKN553gHh2P5yr",[],{"data":71871,"content":71872,"nodeType":866},{},[71873],{"data":71874,"marks":71875,"value":71876,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Preventing malicious OAuth grants being authorized requires tight in-app management of user permissions and tenant security settings. This is no mean feat when considering the 100s of apps in use across the modern enterprise, many of which are not centrally managed by IT and security teams (or in some cases, are completely unknown to them). Even then, you’re limited by the controls made available by the app vendor. In this case, Salesforce has announced planned changes to OAuth app authorization in order to improve security prompted by these attacks — but many more apps with insecure configs exist for attackers to take advantage of in future. ",{"data":71878,"content":71879,"nodeType":866},{},[71880],{"data":71881,"marks":71882,"value":71883,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, unlike app-specific integrations, browser-based security tools are well positioned to observe OAuth grants across all apps accessed in the browser — even the ones the security team doesn’t manage or know about, or without needing to pay for the app’s special security add-on to get visibility.",{"data":71885,"content":71886,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":71888,"content":71889,"nodeType":1458},{},[71890],{"data":71891,"marks":71892,"value":71894,"nodeType":865},{},[71893],{"type":961},"4. Malicious browser extensions",{"data":71896,"content":71897,"nodeType":866},{},[71898],{"data":71899,"marks":71900,"value":71901,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions are another way for attackers to compromise your business apps by observing and capturing logins as they happen, and/or extracting session cookies and credentials saved in the browser cache and password manager. ",{"data":71903,"content":71904,"nodeType":866},{},[71905,71909,71918],{"data":71906,"marks":71907,"value":71908,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers do this by creating their own malicious extension and tricking your users into installing it, or taking over an existing extension to gain access to browsers where it is already installed (",{"data":71910,"content":71912,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71911},"https://secureannex.com/blog/buying-browser-extensions/",[71913],{"data":71914,"marks":71915,"value":71917,"nodeType":865},{},[71916],{"type":997},"it’s very easy for attackers to buy and add malicious updates to existing extensions",{"data":71919,"marks":71920,"value":71921,"nodeType":865},{},[],", easily passing extension web store security checks). ",{"data":71923,"content":71924,"nodeType":866},{},[71925,71929,71938,71942,71951,71954,71963],{"data":71926,"marks":71927,"value":71928,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The news around extension-based compromises has been on the rise since the ",{"data":71930,"content":71932,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71931},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-details-reveal-how-hackers-hijacked-35-google-chrome-extensions/",[71933],{"data":71934,"marks":71935,"value":71937,"nodeType":865},{},[71936],{"type":997},"Cyberhaven extension",{"data":71939,"marks":71940,"value":71941,"nodeType":865},{},[]," was hacked in December 2024, along with at least 35 other extensions. Since then, there has been regular reporting on data-stealing extensions ",{"data":71943,"content":71945,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71944},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/data-stealing-chrome-extensions-impersonate-fortinet-youtube-vpns/",[71946],{"data":71947,"marks":71948,"value":71950,"nodeType":865},{},[71949],{"type":997},"impersonating legitimate brands",{"data":71952,"marks":71953,"value":3892,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":71955,"content":71957,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71956},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/chrome-extensions-with-6-million-installs-have-hidden-tracking-code/",[71958],{"data":71959,"marks":71960,"value":71962,"nodeType":865},{},[71961],{"type":997},"impacting millions of users",{"data":71964,"marks":71965,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":71967,"content":71968,"nodeType":866},{},[71969],{"data":71970,"marks":71971,"value":71972,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Risky browser extension permissions include broad data access, the ability to modify website content, track user activity, capture screenshots, and manage tabs or network requests. Permissions like \"read and change all data on all websites\" or access to cookies and browsing history are particularly dangerous as they can be exploited for session hijacking, data theft, malware injection, or phishing.",{"data":71974,"content":71975,"nodeType":866},{},[71976],{"data":71977,"marks":71978,"value":71979,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Generally, your employees should not be randomly installing browser extensions unless pre-approved by your security team. The reality, however, is that many organizations have very little visibility of the extensions their employees are using, and the potential risk they’re exposed to as a result. ",{"data":71981,"content":71982,"nodeType":866},{},[71983],{"data":71984,"marks":71985,"value":71986,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To tackle malicious extensions, security tools operating in the browser can track the browser extensions deployed, highlight risky permissions, compare with known-malicious extensions, identify fraudulent/unofficial versions of a legitimate extension, and highlight other risky properties commonly associated with malicious extensions (e.g. “Developer” extensions). ",{"data":71988,"content":71989,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":71991,"content":71992,"nodeType":1458},{},[71993],{"data":71994,"marks":71995,"value":71997,"nodeType":865},{},[71996],{"type":961},"5. Malicious file delivery",{"data":71999,"content":72000,"nodeType":866},{},[72001],{"data":72002,"marks":72003,"value":72004,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Malicious files have been a core part of malware delivery and credential theft for many years. Just as non-email channels like malvertising and drive-by attacks are used to deliver phishing and ClickFix lures, malicious files are also distributed through similar means — leaving malicious file detection to basic known-bad checks, sandbox analysis using a proxy (not that useful in the context of sandbox-aware malware) or runtime analysis on the endpoint. ",{"data":72006,"content":72007,"nodeType":866},{},[72008],{"data":72009,"marks":72010,"value":72011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This doesn’t just have to be malicious executables directly dropping malware onto the device. File downloads can also contain additional links taking the user to malicious content. In fact, one of the most common types of downloadable content are HTML Applications (HTAs), commonly used to spawn local phishing pages to stealthily capture credentials. More recently, attackers have been weaponizing SVG files for a similar purpose, running as self-contained phishing pages that render fake login portals entirely client-side. ",{"data":72013,"content":72014,"nodeType":866},{},[72015],{"data":72016,"marks":72017,"value":72018,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even if malicious content cannot always be flagged from surface-level inspection of a file, recording file downloads in the browser is a useful addition to endpoint-based malware protection, and provides another layer of defense against file downloads that perform client-side attacks, or redirect the user to malicious web-based content. ",{"data":72020,"content":72021,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":72023,"content":72024,"nodeType":1458},{},[72025],{"data":72026,"marks":72027,"value":72029,"nodeType":865},{},[72028],{"type":961},"6. Stolen credentials and MFA gaps",{"data":72031,"content":72032,"nodeType":866},{},[72033],{"data":72034,"marks":72035,"value":72036,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This last one isn’t so much a browser-based attack, but it is a product of them. When credentials are stolen through phishing or infostealer malware they can be used to take over accounts missing MFA. ",{"data":72038,"content":72039,"nodeType":866},{},[72040,72044,72051,72055,72064],{"data":72041,"marks":72042,"value":72043,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t the most sophisticated attack, but it’s very effective. You need only look at last year’s ",{"data":72045,"content":72046,"nodeType":882},{"uri":71553},[72047],{"data":72048,"marks":72049,"value":71559,"nodeType":865},{},[72050],{"type":997},{"data":72052,"marks":72053,"value":72054,"nodeType":865},{},[]," account compromises or the ",{"data":72056,"content":72058,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72057},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-targeting-jira-with-stolen-credentials?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[72059],{"data":72060,"marks":72061,"value":72063,"nodeType":865},{},[72062],{"type":997},"Jira",{"data":72065,"marks":72066,"value":72067,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks earlier this year to see how attackers harness stolen credentials at scale. ",{"data":72069,"content":72070,"nodeType":866},{},[72071,72075,72084],{"data":72072,"marks":72073,"value":72074,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With the modern enterprise using hundreds of apps, the likelihood that an app hasn’t been configured for mandatory MFA (if possible) is high. And even when an app has been configured for SSO and connected to your primary corporate identity, ",{"data":72076,"content":72078,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72077},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=sidebar",[72079],{"data":72080,"marks":72081,"value":72083,"nodeType":865},{},[72082],{"type":997},"local “ghost logins” can continue to exist",{"data":72085,"marks":72086,"value":72087,"nodeType":865},{},[],", accepting passwords with no MFA required. Just having visibility of your primary Identity Provider accounts (e.g. Google, Microsoft, Okta) and SSO-connected apps doesn't give you a full picture of your identity surface.",{"data":72089,"content":72090,"nodeType":866},{},[72091],{"data":72092,"marks":72093,"value":72094,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Logins can also be observed in the browser — in fact, it’s as close to a universal source of truth as you’re going to get about how your employees are actually logging in, which apps they’re using, and whether MFA is present, enabling security teams to find and fix vulnerable logins before they can be exploited by attackers. ",{"data":72096,"content":72097,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":72099,"content":72100,"nodeType":963},{},[72101],{"data":72102,"marks":72103,"value":72105,"nodeType":865},{},[72104],{"type":961},"Conclusion",{"data":72107,"content":72108,"nodeType":866},{},[72109],{"data":72110,"marks":72111,"value":72112,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attacks are increasingly happening in the browser. That makes it the perfect place to detect and respond to these attacks. But right now, the browser is a blind-spot for most security teams. ",{"data":72114,"content":72115,"nodeType":866},{},[72116],{"data":72117,"marks":72118,"value":72119,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":72121,"content":72122,"nodeType":866},{},[72123,72127,72135],{"data":72124,"marks":72125,"value":72126,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and stop attacks in the browser, ",{"data":72128,"content":72130,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72129},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[72131],{"data":72132,"marks":72133,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[72134],{"type":997},{"data":72136,"marks":72137,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":72139},{"hyperlink":72140,"inline":72141,"block":72142},[],[],[72143,72150,72158,72164,72171,72176,72182,72187],{"sys":72144,"__typename":1747,"title":72145,"caption":72145,"layoutMode":59,"file":72146},{"id":71568},"Attacks have shifted from targeting local networks to internet services, accessed through employee web browsers.",{"url":72147,"width":72148,"height":72149},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2TRbV3HLZRt0pjgxPAPUOY/5dbeec4b4ac16a3b450e1eff2add6266/1.png",1174,482,{"sys":72151,"__typename":1747,"title":72152,"caption":72153,"layoutMode":59,"file":72154},{"id":71620},"Browser-based attacks like AITM phishing, ClickFix, and consent phishing have seen an unprecedented rise in recent years.","Browser-based attacks like AITM phishing, ClickFix, and consent phishing are the fastest-growing threats of 2025. ",{"url":72155,"width":72156,"height":72157},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1eCBgB8nNDu5955f1BwFO6/b80d5cb43c7acd75e1a670d4ae22b2ec/Browser-based_attacks_graphic__1_.png",2012,1272,{"sys":72159,"__typename":1747,"title":72160,"caption":72160,"layoutMode":59,"file":72161},{"id":71655},"Phishing is now multi- and cross-channel, targeting a vast range of cloud and SaaS apps using flexible AitM toolkits — but all roads inevitably lead to the browser.",{"url":72162,"width":1759,"height":72163},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1Fq4iSo4ssD0bdINZ4M31q/28d89ce5b8af767b37d2acb54a1c78cf/2.png",1003,{"sys":72165,"__typename":1747,"title":72166,"caption":72166,"layoutMode":59,"file":72167},{"id":71679},"AitM kits proxy information to the real site in order to complete the login process, passing MFA checks to steal the user’s session. ",{"url":72168,"width":72169,"height":72170},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/Yo8TuzfyNcBWOIl34X1dS/2381e4e671039ddf61d03ef44fa45138/3.png",1064,458,{"sys":72172,"__typename":5631,"type":5632,"ctaText":72173,"buttonLabel":72174,"buttonColour":5635,"buttonUrl":72175},{"id":71706},"Learn more about how phishing attacks have evolved and why they're so effective at evading detection controls.","Get the Whitepaper","https://pushsecurity.com/resources/phishing-evolution",{"sys":72177,"__typename":1747,"title":72178,"caption":72178,"layoutMode":59,"file":72179},{"id":71794},"Examples of ClickFix lures used by attackers in the wild.",{"url":72180,"width":1759,"height":72181},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3VSQ6bEHXlk0yJRal4R4oD/d3d6d281acfe22361a7d36719c4b0fa9/4.png",1955,{"sys":72183,"__typename":1747,"title":72184,"caption":72184,"layoutMode":59,"file":72185},{"id":71848},"Consent phishing examples, where an attacker tricks the victim into authorizing an attacker-controlled app with risky permissions.",{"url":72186,"width":1759,"height":52618},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1Yx10JvyaLHI2DzhAjDgE0/886e807035dc8d005b9a6c84919a5a3f/5.png",{"sys":72188,"__typename":1747,"title":72189,"caption":72189,"layoutMode":59,"file":72190},{"id":71868},"The ongoing Salesforce attacks involve malicious OAuth apps being granted access to the victim’s Salesforce tenant. ",{"url":72191,"width":69212,"height":69213},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5JA9n2l57OlYE3jIcsYKv2/d7f1dcf15542f2df4045df1c3c61ba2e/6.png",{"items":72193},[],{},"6 browser-based attacks security teams need to know about",{"url":72197},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/42Id6vr4wOWFp4RH6MqFoJ/54bfaf4a392fcbeda9bf795b09a9bef3/Bleeping_Thumbnail__Article_Header_.png","2025-09-05T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":72200},[72201,73205,73814],{"__typename":1788,"sys":72202,"content":72204,"title":73191,"synopsis":73192,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":73193,"slug":73194,"tagsCollection":73195,"authorsCollection":73201},{"id":72203},"6OFdfAsoPUECeRAetWvedp",{"json":72205},{"data":72206,"content":72207,"nodeType":1739},{},[72208,72215,72227,72239,72251,72263,72269,72289,72296,72312,72319,72325,72328,72336,72343,72350,72357,72363,72366,72374,72381,72401,72408,72415,72422,72429,72435,72442,72449,72456,72485,72492,72510,72517,72524,72544,72564,72584,72590,72597,72613,72620,72627,72634,72653,72661,72668,72675,72678,72686,72693,72700,72707,72750,72756,72763,72778,72867,72873,72880,72887,72950,72957,72964,72971,72977,72984,72991,72998,73004,73011,73018,73025,73031,73051,73058,73065,73108,73114,73117,73125,73149,73152,73159,73166,73173],{"data":72209,"content":72210,"nodeType":866},{},[72211],{"data":72212,"marks":72213,"value":72214,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Oh, look! A time capsule from 2010. Wonder what’s inside … ",{"data":72216,"content":72217,"nodeType":866},{},[72218,72223],{"data":72219,"marks":72220,"value":72222,"nodeType":865},{},[72221],{"type":961},"Listening to:",{"data":72224,"marks":72225,"value":72226,"nodeType":865},{},[]," “Like a G6” by Far East Movement (on a Nokia C7 — hey, it even had a touchscreen).",{"data":72228,"content":72229,"nodeType":866},{},[72230,72235],{"data":72231,"marks":72232,"value":72234,"nodeType":865},{},[72233],{"type":961},"Major news event:",{"data":72236,"marks":72237,"value":72238,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupts in Iceland, disrupting air travel.",{"data":72240,"content":72241,"nodeType":866},{},[72242,72247],{"data":72243,"marks":72244,"value":72246,"nodeType":865},{},[72245],{"type":961},"Worried about:",{"data":72248,"marks":72249,"value":72250,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Exploitable Flash browser plugins and static HTML phishing sites.",{"data":72252,"content":72253,"nodeType":866},{},[72254,72259],{"data":72255,"marks":72256,"value":72258,"nodeType":865},{},[72257],{"type":961},"How to be a hero?",{"data":72260,"marks":72261,"value":72262,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Roll out the latest AV, implement a web proxy, and add a “report phishing” button to your email solution.",{"data":72264,"content":72268,"nodeType":925},{"target":72265},{"sys":72266},{"id":72267,"type":922,"linkType":923},"54xYbMs0ii96xb2jgQVX9m",[],{"data":72270,"content":72271,"nodeType":866},{},[72272,72276,72285],{"data":72273,"marks":72274,"value":72275,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re halfway through 2025, and the time capsule for this year may need to be an XL when it comes to ",{"data":72277,"content":72279,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72278},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-spider-ttp-evolution-in-2025/",[72280],{"data":72281,"marks":72282,"value":72284,"nodeType":865},{},[72283],{"type":997},"how much has happened",{"data":72286,"marks":72287,"value":72288,"nodeType":865},{},[]," in the world of browser-based attacks. (Yet fittingly, Drake’s “Nokia” is a pop hit.)",{"data":72290,"content":72291,"nodeType":866},{},[72292],{"data":72293,"marks":72294,"value":72295,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While at least we don’t have to worry about Flash anymore, the browser is now the new battleground, and workforce identities are the most common target. Security teams are struggling with approaches and tools that attackers have outpaced.",{"data":72297,"content":72298,"nodeType":866},{},[72299,72303,72308],{"data":72300,"marks":72301,"value":72302,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we’ll cover how browser-based attacks have evolved, and how Push is taking a new approach with the release of our ",{"data":72304,"marks":72305,"value":72307,"nodeType":865},{},[72306],{"type":961},"Detections",{"data":72309,"marks":72310,"value":72311,"nodeType":865},{},[]," capabilities, now generally available to all customers.",{"data":72313,"content":72314,"nodeType":866},{},[72315],{"data":72316,"marks":72317,"value":72318,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Detections use real-time telemetry to help you understand context, user behavior, and attacker techniques, and then respond — a modern tool for modern browser-based attacks.",{"data":72320,"content":72324,"nodeType":925},{"target":72321},{"sys":72322},{"id":72323,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2ULDSj85bXtT2OgpXKBHtB",[],{"data":72326,"content":72327,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":72329,"content":72330,"nodeType":963},{},[72331],{"data":72332,"marks":72333,"value":72335,"nodeType":865},{},[72334],{"type":961},"The old world vs. the new world",{"data":72337,"content":72338,"nodeType":866},{},[72339],{"data":72340,"marks":72341,"value":72342,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the early 2010s, the typical attack path involved sending a user an email with a link to a static HTML webpage (most commonly a generic Exchange Web Access clone) that tricked them into giving you Active Directory creds. These could be used to log in to an exposed remote desktop service or the victim’s mailbox, giving the attacker a foothold to install malware. Anyone who’s done “red teaming 101” will recognize this scenario. ",{"data":72344,"content":72345,"nodeType":866},{},[72346],{"data":72347,"marks":72348,"value":72349,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A compromised identity was once just part of a system compromise. That meant the scope of detection and response was focused on the organization’s Active Directory domain, correlated with endpoint and network logs. ",{"data":72351,"content":72352,"nodeType":866},{},[72353],{"data":72354,"marks":72355,"value":72356,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But now, identity attacks happen beyond traditional on-premises networks, impacting cloud identities that are created, used, and attacked in the browser. What was once the familiar backbone of business IT — internal apps and thick clients — has been replaced with a sprawling cloud and SaaS ecosystem that can be targeted directly via identity, without touching the endpoint. ",{"data":72358,"content":72362,"nodeType":925},{"target":72359},{"sys":72360},{"id":72361,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2F2p4eTMCHo3LfNQJZeGWB",[],{"data":72364,"content":72365,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":72367,"content":72368,"nodeType":963},{},[72369],{"data":72370,"marks":72371,"value":72373,"nodeType":865},{},[72372],{"type":961},"Why detection and response hasn’t kept up with threat evolution",{"data":72375,"content":72376,"nodeType":866},{},[72377],{"data":72378,"marks":72379,"value":72380,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This shift in attacker TTPs is forcing a change in how we handle detection and response. ",{"data":72382,"content":72383,"nodeType":866},{},[72384,72388,72397],{"data":72385,"marks":72386,"value":72387,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But a lot of organizations are still applying the same old playbooks to this new world where identity attacks are the ",{"data":72389,"content":72391,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72390},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/2024-identity-attacks",[72392],{"data":72393,"marks":72394,"value":72396,"nodeType":865},{},[72395],{"type":997},"leading cause of breaches",{"data":72398,"marks":72399,"value":72400,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with uneven outcomes. ",{"data":72402,"content":72403,"nodeType":866},{},[72404],{"data":72405,"marks":72406,"value":72407,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t because of a lack of effort or skill on the part of security teams. It’s a reflection of the tools that have been available. ",{"data":72409,"content":72410,"nodeType":866},{},[72411],{"data":72412,"marks":72413,"value":72414,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s look at some of the ways detection and response hasn’t kept up with the evolution of browser-borne threats in this new landscape.",{"data":72416,"content":72417,"nodeType":1458},{},[72418],{"data":72419,"marks":72420,"value":72421,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Incomplete identity visibility ",{"data":72423,"content":72424,"nodeType":866},{},[72425],{"data":72426,"marks":72427,"value":72428,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Today’s cloud identity providers see a fraction of the overall logins your users make to online apps, compared to the comprehensive visibility of Active Directory in the old world. You don’t know where users are logging in, how they’re logging in, or whether these logins are securely using phishing-resistant methods.",{"data":72430,"content":72434,"nodeType":925},{"target":72431},{"sys":72432},{"id":72433,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1SUYueQct7dtWwLh3AaAtA",[],{"data":72436,"content":72437,"nodeType":866},{},[72438],{"data":72439,"marks":72440,"value":72441,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means that identity attacks are routinely bypassing preventative, account hygiene-based controls, putting the strain on detection and response. ",{"data":72443,"content":72444,"nodeType":1458},{},[72445],{"data":72446,"marks":72447,"value":72448,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Limited detection coverage ",{"data":72450,"content":72451,"nodeType":866},{},[72452],{"data":72453,"marks":72454,"value":72455,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Email and network security tools got pretty good at intercepting old-school phishing attacks like the ones from our proverbial time capsule: static HTML pages delivered over email that could be intercepted and analyzed when entering the mailbox or being loaded by the user. ",{"data":72457,"content":72458,"nodeType":866},{},[72459,72463,72472,72476,72480],{"data":72460,"marks":72461,"value":72462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But with modern phishing attacks dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection, and using runtime anti-analysis features, they’re ",{"data":72464,"content":72465,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10742},[72466],{"data":72467,"marks":72468,"value":72471,"nodeType":865},{},[72469,72470],{"type":997},{"type":961},"increasingly difficult to detect",{"data":72473,"marks":72474,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[72475],{"type":961},{"data":72477,"marks":72478,"value":72479,"nodeType":865},{},[],"using conventional tools",{"data":72481,"marks":72482,"value":72484,"nodeType":865},{},[72483],{"type":961},".   ",{"data":72486,"content":72487,"nodeType":866},{},[72488],{"data":72489,"marks":72490,"value":72491,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Of course, email-based detections aren’t much use if attackers are using legitimate services to camouflage their links, or bypassing email altogether by switching to alternative delivery channels like messaging apps (such as Slack and Teams), as well as public services like LinkedIn and Reddit. ",{"data":72493,"content":72494,"nodeType":866},{},[72495,72499,72506],{"data":72496,"marks":72497,"value":72498,"nodeType":865},{},[],"More recently, groups like ",{"data":72500,"content":72501,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72278},[72502],{"data":72503,"marks":72504,"value":8764,"nodeType":865},{},[72505],{"type":997},{"data":72507,"marks":72508,"value":72509,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have even been seen using malvertising techniques, delivering phishing links masquerading as paid Google ads.",{"data":72511,"content":72512,"nodeType":1458},{},[72513],{"data":72514,"marks":72515,"value":72516,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Inadequate security logs",{"data":72518,"content":72519,"nodeType":866},{},[72520],{"data":72521,"marks":72522,"value":72523,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you fail to spot the attack pre-account takeover, you’re reliant on being able to detect and investigate suspicious or malicious activity resulting from the compromise. ",{"data":72525,"content":72526,"nodeType":866},{},[72527,72531,72540],{"data":72528,"marks":72529,"value":72530,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This was more straightforward (if not easy) when you had the luxury of a ",{"data":72532,"content":72534,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72533},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-itdr/",[72535],{"data":72536,"marks":72537,"value":72539,"nodeType":865},{},[72538],{"type":997},"typical on-prem network to fall back",{"data":72541,"marks":72542,"value":72543,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on. But with cloud exploitation taking place in a matter of minutes, you don’t get much warning — and your endpoint and network-based alarms can’t help you. ",{"data":72545,"content":72546,"nodeType":866},{},[72547,72551,72560],{"data":72548,"marks":72549,"value":72550,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The situation is further complicated by the fact that you simply don’t have the logs you need because of the huge variability in how cloud and SaaS services provide logs (with many ",{"data":72552,"content":72554,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72553},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/minimum-viable-identity-security/#id-enable-security-teams-to-detect-and-respond-to-identity-attacks",[72555],{"data":72556,"marks":72557,"value":72559,"nodeType":865},{},[72558],{"type":997},"failing to provide security logs",{"data":72561,"marks":72562,"value":72563,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with relevant data points at all). So chances are you’re flying blind when it comes to large chunks of your business app suite. ",{"data":72565,"content":72566,"nodeType":866},{},[72567,72571,72580],{"data":72568,"marks":72569,"value":72570,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ultimately, you’re stuck with what you can observe — typically network traffic. But ",{"data":72572,"content":72574,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72573},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension/",[72575],{"data":72576,"marks":72577,"value":72579,"nodeType":865},{},[72578],{"type":997},"even with a TLS-terminating proxy",{"data":72581,"marks":72582,"value":72583,"nodeType":865},{},[],", extracting fine-grained identity data points isn’t really achievable. You’re looking from the outside-in at malicious activity that’s happening in the user’s browser and trying to infer what happened.  ",{"data":72585,"content":72589,"nodeType":925},{"target":72586},{"sys":72587},{"id":72588,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7FMdHtbE63GMCavObETf3O",[],{"data":72591,"content":72592,"nodeType":1458},{},[72593],{"data":72594,"marks":72595,"value":72596,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Spotty control enforcement",{"data":72598,"content":72599,"nodeType":866},{},[72600,72604,72609],{"data":72601,"marks":72602,"value":72603,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And in the case that you do identify that a user clicked a malicious link and ",{"data":72605,"marks":72606,"value":72608,"nodeType":865},{},[72607],{"type":944},"maybe ",{"data":72610,"marks":72611,"value":72612,"nodeType":865},{},[],"entered their credentials into the page — now what? ",{"data":72614,"content":72615,"nodeType":866},{},[72616],{"data":72617,"marks":72618,"value":72619,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can reset the account in the affected app, ideally terminating active sessions — which may or may not be possible, depending on the app. This might take a while if you don’t centrally manage the app, and involve some painful emergency phone calls to employees. ",{"data":72621,"content":72622,"nodeType":866},{},[72623],{"data":72624,"marks":72625,"value":72626,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What about apps where the same password is reused? ",{"data":72628,"content":72629,"nodeType":866},{},[72630],{"data":72631,"marks":72632,"value":72633,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Or if it’s an IdP account used for SSO, what about the other apps that might be accessible now? ",{"data":72635,"content":72636,"nodeType":866},{},[72637,72641,72649],{"data":72638,"marks":72639,"value":72640,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If the attacker has created stealthy backdoors that persist through credential changes (like ",{"data":72642,"content":72643,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56515},[72644],{"data":72645,"marks":72646,"value":72648,"nodeType":865},{},[72647],{"type":997},"creating an API key or a malicious OAuth integration",{"data":72650,"marks":72651,"value":72652,"nodeType":865},{},[],") they could still be lurking in your environment.",{"data":72654,"content":72655,"nodeType":866},{},[72656],{"data":72657,"marks":72658,"value":72660,"nodeType":865},{},[72659],{"type":961},"Suddenly, you’re not dealing with one possible control point, you’re dealing with several. ",{"data":72662,"content":72663,"nodeType":866},{},[72664],{"data":72665,"marks":72666,"value":72667,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And if you can’t trace the attack back to a source — because your email solution missed it, or it didn’t come via email, how can you triage the impact to other users? ",{"data":72669,"content":72670,"nodeType":866},{},[72671],{"data":72672,"marks":72673,"value":72674,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s no wonder that security teams are struggling to adapt. ",{"data":72676,"content":72677,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":72679,"content":72680,"nodeType":963},{},[72681],{"data":72682,"marks":72683,"value":72685,"nodeType":865},{},[72684],{"type":961},"How Push is solving modern identity investigations in the browser",{"data":72687,"content":72688,"nodeType":866},{},[72689],{"data":72690,"marks":72691,"value":72692,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The good news? We’ve seen this phenomenon play out before: In the early 2010s, in fact, when AV evolved into EDR. What was the big innovation then? Getting inside the data stream, in real time, and detecting and responding from a much higher-fidelity source of telemetry.",{"data":72694,"content":72695,"nodeType":866},{},[72696],{"data":72697,"marks":72698,"value":72699,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This time around, security teams need tools that take them inside the browser layer.",{"data":72701,"content":72702,"nodeType":866},{},[72703],{"data":72704,"marks":72705,"value":72706,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This approach gives you the right vantage point to defend against and investigate browser-based identity attacks, providing access to:",{"data":72708,"content":72709,"nodeType":1049},{},[72710,72720,72730,72740],{"data":72711,"content":72712,"nodeType":1003},{},[72713],{"data":72714,"content":72715,"nodeType":866},{},[72716],{"data":72717,"marks":72718,"value":72719,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full decrypted HTTP traffic — not just DNS and TCP/IP metadata",{"data":72721,"content":72722,"nodeType":1003},{},[72723],{"data":72724,"content":72725,"nodeType":866},{},[72726],{"data":72727,"marks":72728,"value":72729,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full user interaction tracing — every click, keystroke, or DOM change",{"data":72731,"content":72732,"nodeType":1003},{},[72733],{"data":72734,"content":72735,"nodeType":866},{},[72736],{"data":72737,"marks":72738,"value":72739,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full inspection at every layer of execution, not just the initial HTML served",{"data":72741,"content":72742,"nodeType":1003},{},[72743],{"data":72744,"content":72745,"nodeType":866},{},[72746],{"data":72747,"marks":72748,"value":72749,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full access to browser APIs, to correlate with browser history, local storage, cookies, etc.",{"data":72751,"content":72755,"nodeType":925},{"target":72752},{"sys":72753},{"id":72754,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5qt0s8e1TIEUxhU1GzFO63",[],{"data":72757,"content":72758,"nodeType":866},{},[72759],{"data":72760,"marks":72761,"value":72762,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With this data, teams have the information they need to respond to and investigate browser-based attacks. But to become valuable, this data needs a translation layer that turns it from raw logs into actionable information.",{"data":72764,"content":72765,"nodeType":866},{},[72766,72770,72774],{"data":72767,"marks":72768,"value":72769,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s where Push’s ",{"data":72771,"marks":72772,"value":72307,"nodeType":865},{},[72773],{"type":961},{"data":72775,"marks":72776,"value":72777,"nodeType":865},{},[]," capability comes in. With it, you can:",{"data":72779,"content":72780,"nodeType":1049},{},[72781,72817,72827,72837,72847,72857],{"data":72782,"content":72783,"nodeType":1003},{},[72784],{"data":72785,"content":72786,"nodeType":866},{},[72787,72791,72800,72804,72813],{"data":72788,"marks":72789,"value":72790,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get alerted in your platform of choice (via the Push admin console, ",{"data":72792,"content":72794,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72793},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/send-webhook-events-to-slack/",[72795],{"data":72796,"marks":72797,"value":72799,"nodeType":865},{},[72798],{"type":997},"Slack integration",{"data":72801,"marks":72802,"value":72803,"nodeType":865},{},[],", or your ",{"data":72805,"content":72807,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72806},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/",[72808],{"data":72809,"marks":72810,"value":72812,"nodeType":865},{},[72811],{"type":997},"SIEM/SOAR",{"data":72814,"marks":72815,"value":72816,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of choice) whenever Push detects a browser-based attack, such as AiTM phishing or a cloned login page.",{"data":72818,"content":72819,"nodeType":1003},{},[72820],{"data":72821,"content":72822,"nodeType":866},{},[72823],{"data":72824,"marks":72825,"value":72826,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Review a curated timeline of the incident: Where a phishing link originated; whether a user entered their credentials on the page; what kind of phishkit was used; and whether the attack was blocked by Push.",{"data":72828,"content":72829,"nodeType":1003},{},[72830],{"data":72831,"content":72832,"nodeType":866},{},[72833],{"data":72834,"marks":72835,"value":72836,"nodeType":865},{},[],"See all the other impacted accounts and apps that shared a password with the phished account so you can remediate them.",{"data":72838,"content":72839,"nodeType":1003},{},[72840],{"data":72841,"content":72842,"nodeType":866},{},[72843],{"data":72844,"marks":72845,"value":72846,"nodeType":865},{},[],"See a screenshot captured by the Push browser extension of the phishing page, so you can see exactly what the user saw before the page disappears.",{"data":72848,"content":72849,"nodeType":1003},{},[72850],{"data":72851,"content":72852,"nodeType":866},{},[72853],{"data":72854,"marks":72855,"value":72856,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get additional context from urlscan.io about the domains connected to the incident, helping you understand whether a domain has been reported as malicious by other users, when it was registered, and how many times it’s been scanned.",{"data":72858,"content":72859,"nodeType":1003},{},[72860],{"data":72861,"content":72862,"nodeType":866},{},[72863],{"data":72864,"marks":72865,"value":72866,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Interrogate and send this telemetry to your SIEM for you to operationalize it as part of SecOps workflows and hunt across events for similar incident characteristics.",{"data":72868,"content":72872,"nodeType":925},{"target":72869},{"sys":72870},{"id":72871,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5iPYWpPx4IZ2M1DykQiWsN",[],{"data":72874,"content":72875,"nodeType":1458},{},[72876],{"data":72877,"marks":72878,"value":72879,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser context",{"data":72881,"content":72882,"nodeType":866},{},[72883],{"data":72884,"marks":72885,"value":72886,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With Push, there’s no more: ",{"data":72888,"content":72889,"nodeType":1049},{},[72890,72900,72910,72920,72930,72940],{"data":72891,"content":72892,"nodeType":1003},{},[72893],{"data":72894,"content":72895,"nodeType":866},{},[72896],{"data":72897,"marks":72898,"value":72899,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Waiting (and hoping) that a browser-based attack gets recognized and reported by a user.",{"data":72901,"content":72902,"nodeType":1003},{},[72903],{"data":72904,"content":72905,"nodeType":866},{},[72906],{"data":72907,"marks":72908,"value":72909,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Guesswork as to exactly what happened on the phishing page. ",{"data":72911,"content":72912,"nodeType":1003},{},[72913],{"data":72914,"content":72915,"nodeType":866},{},[72916],{"data":72917,"marks":72918,"value":72919,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Struggling to get your hands on a live version of the page to see if it was actually malicious and getting thwarted because the attacker used a one-time phishing link. ",{"data":72921,"content":72922,"nodeType":1003},{},[72923],{"data":72924,"content":72925,"nodeType":866},{},[72926],{"data":72927,"marks":72928,"value":72929,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Manually tracing the attack to see if it arrived by email so you can quarantine the messages. ",{"data":72931,"content":72932,"nodeType":1003},{},[72933],{"data":72934,"content":72935,"nodeType":866},{},[72936],{"data":72937,"marks":72938,"value":72939,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Trawling through voluminous proxy logs for scraps of information (who else visited the link; where did it originate; etc.).",{"data":72941,"content":72942,"nodeType":1003},{},[72943],{"data":72944,"content":72945,"nodeType":866},{},[72946],{"data":72947,"marks":72948,"value":72949,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Spending precious time on urlscan or VirusTotal to get basic context on a domain or IP address. ",{"data":72951,"content":72952,"nodeType":866},{},[72953],{"data":72954,"marks":72955,"value":72956,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Instead, Push gives you all the information you need in one place to investigate and respond. ",{"data":72958,"content":72959,"nodeType":866},{},[72960],{"data":72961,"marks":72962,"value":72963,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The foundation for these detections is the Push browser agent, which can be silently installed in all major browsers in your environment to begin streaming information about a user’s entire identity footprint. ",{"data":72965,"content":72966,"nodeType":866},{},[72967],{"data":72968,"marks":72969,"value":72970,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This valuable telemetry, combined with Push’s out-of-the-box controls and detections, gives you a seat on the user’s side of the equation, capturing reliable information about network requests, scripts loaded by a malicious website, and what a user clicked and navigated to: the ingredients for showing you how a browser-based attack unfolded, start to finish.",{"data":72972,"content":72976,"nodeType":925},{"target":72973},{"sys":72974},{"id":72975,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7ylgcaNDrxYhw7bULixM1C",[],{"data":72978,"content":72979,"nodeType":866},{},[72980],{"data":72981,"marks":72982,"value":72983,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push raises a detection when it observes a phishing attack or when a user attempts to visit a blocked URL. You can view detections in the Push admin console, or send them to your SIEM or SOAR for correlation and analysis.",{"data":72985,"content":72986,"nodeType":1458},{},[72987],{"data":72988,"marks":72989,"value":72990,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Screenshot capture",{"data":72992,"content":72993,"nodeType":866},{},[72994],{"data":72995,"marks":72996,"value":72997,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push extension can also capture a screenshot at the time of a detection firing. This means security teams can see the visual characteristics of the page even if it’s since been taken down (and no more looking at bot protection screens like Cloudflare Turnstile on urlscan). ",{"data":72999,"content":73003,"nodeType":925},{"target":73000},{"sys":73001},{"id":73002,"type":922,"linkType":923},"58HPrc7wImm3mLxPK0yJOG",[],{"data":73005,"content":73006,"nodeType":1458},{},[73007],{"data":73008,"marks":73009,"value":73010,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Blast radius analysis for all impacted accounts & apps",{"data":73012,"content":73013,"nodeType":866},{},[73014],{"data":73015,"marks":73016,"value":73017,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With Push’s knowledge of your workforce identities — based on observing logins in the browser that use corporate credentials — the platform can also provide an analysis of the blast radius of an attack by showing you where other accounts and apps are impacted or at risk.",{"data":73019,"content":73020,"nodeType":866},{},[73021],{"data":73022,"marks":73023,"value":73024,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This information helps you understand the true impact of an incident so you can remediate all affected accounts.",{"data":73026,"content":73030,"nodeType":925},{"target":73027},{"sys":73028},{"id":73029,"type":922,"linkType":923},"77e8XMl2Rb0p7ZrG2wmURO",[],{"data":73032,"content":73033,"nodeType":866},{},[73034,73038,73047],{"data":73035,"marks":73036,"value":73037,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push is able to provide this blast radius analysis by ",{"data":73039,"content":73041,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73040},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10043/#how-push-securely-analyzes-passwords",[73042],{"data":73043,"marks":73044,"value":73046,"nodeType":865},{},[73045],{"type":997},"securely fingerprinting users’ passwords",{"data":73048,"marks":73049,"value":73050,"nodeType":865},{},[]," when a login is observed; analyzing them for security posture issues such as missing MFA, or stolen, weak, or reused passwords; and then raising that relevant context for a given detection.",{"data":73052,"content":73053,"nodeType":1458},{},[73054],{"data":73055,"marks":73056,"value":73057,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Correlated context from urlscan.io",{"data":73059,"content":73060,"nodeType":866},{},[73061],{"data":73062,"marks":73063,"value":73064,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, through an integration with urlscan.io, Push is able to provide additional context about the domains involved in a detection event, including:",{"data":73066,"content":73067,"nodeType":1049},{},[73068,73078,73088,73098],{"data":73069,"content":73070,"nodeType":1003},{},[73071],{"data":73072,"content":73073,"nodeType":866},{},[73074],{"data":73075,"marks":73076,"value":73077,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When they were created",{"data":73079,"content":73080,"nodeType":1003},{},[73081],{"data":73082,"content":73083,"nodeType":866},{},[73084],{"data":73085,"marks":73086,"value":73087,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How many times they have previously been scanned",{"data":73089,"content":73090,"nodeType":1003},{},[73091],{"data":73092,"content":73093,"nodeType":866},{},[73094],{"data":73095,"marks":73096,"value":73097,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When they were last scanned",{"data":73099,"content":73100,"nodeType":1003},{},[73101],{"data":73102,"content":73103,"nodeType":866},{},[73104],{"data":73105,"marks":73106,"value":73107,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If urlscan has marked them as suspicious",{"data":73109,"content":73113,"nodeType":925},{"target":73110},{"sys":73111},{"id":73112,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2AKpAk65XdmaGBfe2V4qZ5",[],{"data":73115,"content":73116,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":73118,"content":73119,"nodeType":963},{},[73120],{"data":73121,"marks":73122,"value":73124,"nodeType":865},{},[73123],{"type":961},"Check out our latest webinar for practical guidance in real-world scenarios",{"data":73126,"content":73127,"nodeType":866},{},[73128,73132,73141,73144],{"data":73129,"marks":73130,"value":73131,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For practical advice and applied examples of how to use Push data in incident response — as well as some bonus examples of automated response and remediation use cases — ",{"data":73133,"content":73135,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73134},"https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/identity-detection-response",[73136],{"data":73137,"marks":73138,"value":73140,"nodeType":865},{},[73139],{"type":997},"join us live on August 13 for our webinar",{"data":73142,"marks":73143,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73145,"marks":73146,"value":73148,"nodeType":865},{},[73147],{"type":961},"“Identity attacks have changed — have your IR playbooks?”",{"data":73150,"content":73151,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":73153,"content":73154,"nodeType":963},{},[73155],{"data":73156,"marks":73157,"value":1704,"nodeType":865},{},[73158],{"type":961},{"data":73160,"content":73161,"nodeType":866},{},[73162],{"data":73163,"marks":73164,"value":73165,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying, and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. ",{"data":73167,"content":73168,"nodeType":866},{},[73169],{"data":73170,"marks":73171,"value":73172,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, including ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more.",{"data":73174,"content":73175,"nodeType":866},{},[73176,73180,73188],{"data":73177,"marks":73178,"value":73179,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques, ",{"data":73181,"content":73182,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13728},[73183],{"data":73184,"marks":73185,"value":73187,"nodeType":865},{},[73186],{"type":997},"request a demo.",{"data":73189,"marks":73190,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Introducing Push Detections: Equipping SecOps and IR teams to stop browser-based attacks","We’re launching a new Detections capability, enabling security teams to more effectively investigate and triage alerts, and build more effective workflows. ","2025-07-29T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-push-detections",{"items":73196},[73197,73199],{"sys":73198,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"sys":73200,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"items":73202},[73203],{"fullName":3774,"firstName":3775,"jobTitle":3776,"profilePicture":73204},{"url":3778},{"__typename":1788,"sys":73206,"content":73208,"title":73800,"synopsis":73801,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":73802,"slug":73803,"tagsCollection":73804,"authorsCollection":73810},{"id":73207},"5y6UUG3mMTu1dFhtKO0AUT",{"json":73209},{"data":73210,"content":73211,"nodeType":1739},{},[73212,73219,73226,73246,73253,73273,73280,73283,73291,73298,73305,73311,73318,73363,73405,73413,73420,73440,73478,73484,73491,73497,73504,73512,73542,73548,73551,73558,73578,73598,73629,73634,73637,73645,73652,73745,73748,73755,73772,73778,73784],{"data":73213,"content":73214,"nodeType":866},{},[73215],{"data":73216,"marks":73217,"value":73218,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Everything we do at Push is research-driven. Our detections for phishing attacks were created through hands-on analysis of phishing kits that our customers have been targeted with. This gives us a steady supply of all manner of modern Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing kits to analyze — from the classic Evilginx-style phish kit to professionalized criminal as-a-Service infrastructure. ",{"data":73220,"content":73221,"nodeType":866},{},[73222],{"data":73223,"marks":73224,"value":73225,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In our most recent phish kit teardown, we encountered a standard reverse-proxy clone of a Microsoft login page — nothing unusual at first glance. But increasingly, a lot of the innovation comes outside of the phishing page itself. ",{"data":73227,"content":73228,"nodeType":866},{},[73229,73233,73242],{"data":73230,"marks":73231,"value":73232,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The art in detection evasion comes from being able to successfully deliver the page to a user and have them open the page without it being intercepted by an email security, proxy scanner, URL TI feed, or web analysis tool. To achieve this, the attacker found a way to redirect from a legitimate ",{"data":73234,"content":73236,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73235},"http://outlook.office.com",[73237],{"data":73238,"marks":73239,"value":73241,"nodeType":865},{},[73240],{"type":997},"outlook.office.com",{"data":73243,"marks":73244,"value":73245,"nodeType":865},{},[]," link to a phishing website. ",{"data":73247,"content":73248,"nodeType":866},{},[73249],{"data":73250,"marks":73251,"value":73252,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is essentially an open redirect vulnerability — maybe not the classic example where someone has forgotten to do input sanitization on their website, but the outcome is the same.",{"data":73254,"content":73255,"nodeType":866},{},[73256,73260,73269],{"data":73257,"marks":73258,"value":73259,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Central to our analysis was the use of our timelines feature, ",{"data":73261,"content":73263,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73262},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-push-detections/",[73264],{"data":73265,"marks":73266,"value":73268,"nodeType":865},{},[73267],{"type":997},"part of our latest Detections feature release",{"data":73270,"marks":73271,"value":73272,"nodeType":865},{},[],". I’m not going to talk in any detail about this, but the TL;DR is that it allows us to trace back the entire chain of browsing activity leading up to a detection — showing the full (sometimes lengthy) redirect chain from the initial link delivery source to the actual phishing page, tabs opened and closed, popup windows, forms submitted, passwords entered, and more. ",{"data":73274,"content":73275,"nodeType":866},{},[73276],{"data":73277,"marks":73278,"value":73279,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First, let’s go through the steps of my investigation before looking at the findings (and the implications for phishing detection evasion techniques). ",{"data":73281,"content":73282,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":73284,"content":73285,"nodeType":963},{},[73286],{"data":73287,"marks":73288,"value":73290,"nodeType":865},{},[73289],{"type":961},"Investigation walkthrough",{"data":73292,"content":73293,"nodeType":866},{},[73294],{"data":73295,"marks":73296,"value":73297,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As I opened with, there was nothing especially notable about the phishing page itself — a standard reverse-proxy AitM page designed to intercept the user’s session as they authenticate, bypassing MFA in the process. ",{"data":73299,"content":73300,"nodeType":866},{},[73301],{"data":73302,"marks":73303,"value":73304,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This was not targeted delivery — employees from several customers were impacted. I’ve included an example of how one user arrived at the site below.",{"data":73306,"content":73310,"nodeType":925},{"target":73307},{"sys":73308},{"id":73309,"type":922,"linkType":923},"51MnOL9XqQDkllK2Jer4S9",[],{"data":73312,"content":73313,"nodeType":866},{},[73314],{"data":73315,"marks":73316,"value":73317,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This one stood out to me for a few reasons. ",{"data":73319,"content":73320,"nodeType":1049},{},[73321,73331,73353],{"data":73322,"content":73323,"nodeType":1003},{},[73324],{"data":73325,"content":73326,"nodeType":866},{},[73327],{"data":73328,"marks":73329,"value":73330,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The user had accessed the malicious link from Google search. They searched “Office 265\" (a typo presumably), clicked a link, and were taken to an Office login page.",{"data":73332,"content":73333,"nodeType":1003},{},[73334],{"data":73335,"content":73336,"nodeType":866},{},[73337,73341,73349],{"data":73338,"marks":73339,"value":73340,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Outlook link had a number of Google Ads tracking parameters attached, meaning they clicked an ad, not an organic link — making this a ",{"data":73342,"content":73344,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73343},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/malvertising/",[73345],{"data":73346,"marks":73347,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[73348],{"type":997},{"data":73350,"marks":73351,"value":73352,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attack. ",{"data":73354,"content":73355,"nodeType":1003},{},[73356],{"data":73357,"content":73358,"nodeType":866},{},[73359],{"data":73360,"marks":73361,"value":73362,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Another domain — bluegraintours[.]com — was in the URL path, after which they were redirected to the Microsoft-impersonating phishing site (login-microsoftonline[.]offirmtm[.]com ...). ",{"data":73364,"content":73365,"nodeType":866},{},[73366,73370,73379,73383,73390,73394,73401],{"data":73367,"marks":73368,"value":73369,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This got me wondering — how did they get ",{"data":73371,"content":73373,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73372},"http://office.com",[73374],{"data":73375,"marks":73376,"value":73378,"nodeType":865},{},[73377],{"type":997},"office.com",{"data":73380,"marks":73381,"value":73382,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to redirect to the phishing site, and why was the bluegraintours domain in the path of an ",{"data":73384,"content":73385,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73372},[73386],{"data":73387,"marks":73388,"value":73378,"nodeType":865},{},[73389],{"type":997},{"data":73391,"marks":73392,"value":73393,"nodeType":865},{},[]," link? There was no indication that an actual phishing email was interacted with, it seemed to all happen directly from the legitimate ",{"data":73395,"content":73396,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73372},[73397],{"data":73398,"marks":73399,"value":73378,"nodeType":865},{},[73400],{"type":997},{"data":73402,"marks":73403,"value":73404,"nodeType":865},{},[]," link. ",{"data":73406,"content":73407,"nodeType":1458},{},[73408],{"data":73409,"marks":73410,"value":73412,"nodeType":865},{},[73411],{"type":961},"Redirecting to a malicious login page via ADFS",{"data":73414,"content":73415,"nodeType":866},{},[73416],{"data":73417,"marks":73418,"value":73419,"nodeType":865},{},[],"From memory, I knew that the tenant name can appear in the URL when you’re accessing a specific Microsoft tenant for your organization — essentially a domain-specific landing page. ",{"data":73421,"content":73422,"nodeType":866},{},[73423,73427,73436],{"data":73424,"marks":73425,"value":73426,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It turns out the attacker had set up a custom Microsoft tenant with ",{"data":73428,"content":73430,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73429},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-fs/ad-fs-overview",[73431],{"data":73432,"marks":73433,"value":73435,"nodeType":865},{},[73434],{"type":997},"Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)",{"data":73437,"marks":73438,"value":73439,"nodeType":865},{},[]," configured. If you’re not familiar, ADFS is an SSO solution that is often used to connect on-premises Active Directory with cloud services like Microsoft 365 or Azure Active Directory. This means Microsoft will perform the redirect to the custom malicious domain. ",{"data":73441,"content":73442,"nodeType":866},{},[73443,73447,73456,73460,73469,73473],{"data":73444,"marks":73445,"value":73446,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is strikingly similar to ",{"data":73448,"content":73450,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73449},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/samljacking/description.md",[73451],{"data":73452,"marks":73453,"value":73455,"nodeType":865},{},[73454],{"type":997},"SAMLjacking",{"data":73457,"marks":73458,"value":73459,"nodeType":865},{},[],", a technique I’ve ",{"data":73461,"content":73463,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73462},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/samljacking-a-poisoned-tenant/",[73464],{"data":73465,"marks":73466,"value":73468,"nodeType":865},{},[73467],{"type":997},"blogged about previously",{"data":73470,"marks":73471,"value":73472,"nodeType":865},{},[]," which allows you to change the identity provider domain that an application’s users authenticate through. Attackers can change this link to their phishing page that proxies the legitimate site to phish users through legitimate sign-in links — ",{"data":73474,"marks":73475,"value":73477,"nodeType":865},{},[73476],{"type":961},"so I guess that makes this ADFSjacking?",{"data":73479,"content":73483,"nodeType":925},{"target":73480},{"sys":73481},{"id":73482,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3BXyDhMC69355gLRqyIwQP",[],{"data":73485,"content":73486,"nodeType":866},{},[73487],{"data":73488,"marks":73489,"value":73490,"nodeType":865},{},[],"I had initially assumed that bluegraintours was a legitimate website that had been compromised by the attacker and used as a redirect, which is pretty common behavior for threat groups. However, it turns out that it’s actually a fake website that the attackers have probably vibe-coded. ",{"data":73492,"content":73496,"nodeType":925},{"target":73493},{"sys":73494},{"id":73495,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1hnWJ0jgsPqRELDqUeFzf3",[],{"data":73498,"content":73499,"nodeType":866},{},[73500],{"data":73501,"marks":73502,"value":73503,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth noting that this isn’t something that the phishing victim would see as part of the attack — it’s purely used as an invisible redirect. This is most likely to be an attempt to mask the nature of the domain for domain categorization purposes, which is typical for proxy-based solutions to prevent users from browsing to unapproved things — this way, automated scanners will classify it as a travel blog. ",{"data":73505,"content":73506,"nodeType":1458},{},[73507],{"data":73508,"marks":73509,"value":73511,"nodeType":865},{},[73510],{"type":961},"Conditional loading interrupted the page analysis",{"data":73513,"content":73514,"nodeType":866},{},[73515,73519,73527,73531,73538],{"data":73516,"marks":73517,"value":73518,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While the user was taken to the phishing page at the end of the chain, ",{"data":73520,"content":73522,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73521},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/conditional-loading/",[73523],{"data":73524,"marks":73525,"value":52738,"nodeType":865},{},[73526],{"type":997},{"data":73528,"marks":73529,"value":73530,"nodeType":865},{},[]," restrictions prevented us from recreating the full attack flow when loading the initial link clicked by the user. This happens when certain conditions of the page load aren’t met. Because the kit decides I’m not a valid target, I’m redirected back to ",{"data":73532,"content":73533,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73372},[73534],{"data":73535,"marks":73536,"value":73378,"nodeType":865},{},[73537],{"type":997},{"data":73539,"marks":73540,"value":73541,"nodeType":865},{},[],". However, we were able to skip ahead and bypass the conditional loading to access the phishing server directly. ",{"data":73543,"content":73547,"nodeType":925},{"target":73544},{"sys":73545},{"id":73546,"type":922,"linkType":923},"68rW6CHJOJ2u3mCc08lGvZ",[],{"data":73549,"content":73550,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":73552,"content":73553,"nodeType":963},{},[73554],{"data":73555,"marks":73556,"value":53101,"nodeType":865},{},[73557],{"type":961},{"data":73559,"content":73560,"nodeType":866},{},[73561,73565,73574],{"data":73562,"marks":73563,"value":73564,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While this isn’t a vulnerability per se, the ability for attackers to add their own Microsoft ADFS server to host their phishing page and have Microsoft redirect to it is a concerning development that will make URL-based detections even more challenging than they already are. ",{"data":73566,"content":73568,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73567},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/trusted-website-hosting/",[73569],{"data":73570,"marks":73571,"value":73573,"nodeType":865},{},[73572],{"type":997},"Hosting phishing links on trusted third-party websites",{"data":73575,"marks":73576,"value":73577,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is a highly effective way of both bypassing URL-based detections and implementing layers of obfuscation in their phishing delivery chain that can break automated analysis tools.  ",{"data":73579,"content":73580,"nodeType":866},{},[73581,73585,73594],{"data":73582,"marks":73583,"value":73584,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is basically the equivalent to ",{"data":73586,"content":73588,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73587},"http://outlook.com",[73589],{"data":73590,"marks":73591,"value":73593,"nodeType":865},{},[73592],{"type":997},"Outlook.com",{"data":73595,"marks":73596,"value":73597,"nodeType":865},{},[]," having an open redirect vulnerability, which would be a huge deal in the eyes of most security practitioners. In practice, it’s a little harder for the average attacker to make use of this, but anyone that is willing to create a Microsoft tenant and set up ADFS could create similar phishing infrastructure  — which only requires passing a credit card check. ",{"data":73599,"content":73600,"nodeType":866},{},[73601,73605,73612,73616,73625],{"data":73602,"marks":73603,"value":73604,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The other notable component to this attack is the use of ",{"data":73606,"content":73607,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73343},[73608],{"data":73609,"marks":73610,"value":441,"nodeType":865},{},[73611],{"type":997},{"data":73613,"marks":73614,"value":73615,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as the lure delivery channel. This is a trend we spotted recently with ",{"data":73617,"content":73619,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73618},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers/",[73620],{"data":73621,"marks":73622,"value":73624,"nodeType":865},{},[73623],{"type":997},"Scattered Spider’s use of Onfido-based malvertising lures",{"data":73626,"marks":73627,"value":73628,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Malvertising is a great way for attackers to sidestep phishing controls placed at the email layer (where the majority are) and, as in this case, can create a highly-convincing and difficult-to-spot phishing scenario.  ",{"data":73630,"content":73633,"nodeType":925},{"target":73631},{"sys":73632},{"id":53465,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":73635,"content":73636,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":73638,"content":73639,"nodeType":963},{},[73640],{"data":73641,"marks":73642,"value":73644,"nodeType":865},{},[73643],{"type":961},"Detection recommendations",{"data":73646,"content":73647,"nodeType":866},{},[73648],{"data":73649,"marks":73650,"value":73651,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are a couple of tool-agnostic hardening options that can used to limit exposure to the specifics of this attack:",{"data":73653,"content":73654,"nodeType":1049},{},[73655,73665,73686],{"data":73656,"content":73657,"nodeType":1003},{},[73658],{"data":73659,"content":73660,"nodeType":866},{},[73661],{"data":73662,"marks":73663,"value":73664,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Monitoring for ADFS redirects in proxy logs that could be malicious, i.e. login.microsoftonline.com redirecting to another domain with /adfs/ls/ in the path. Many organizations do not use ADFS, while those that do should be able to filter legitimate ones to their legitimate domain relatively easily. ",{"data":73666,"content":73667,"nodeType":1003},{},[73668],{"data":73669,"content":73670,"nodeType":866},{},[73671,73675,73682],{"data":73672,"marks":73673,"value":73674,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Monitoring for Google redirects to ",{"data":73676,"content":73677,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73372},[73678],{"data":73679,"marks":73680,"value":73378,"nodeType":865},{},[73681],{"type":997},{"data":73683,"marks":73684,"value":73685,"nodeType":865},{},[]," with Google ad parameters for more specific detection of malvertising + ADFS hijacking as in this example. ",{"data":73687,"content":73688,"nodeType":1003},{},[73689],{"data":73690,"content":73691,"nodeType":866},{},[73692,73696,73705,73708,73717,73720,73729,73732,73741],{"data":73693,"marks":73694,"value":73695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Deploying ad blockers to all of your browsers to stop malvertising attacks — though this only serves to tackle one of the several possible delivery vectors, such as links delivered using ",{"data":73697,"content":73699,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73698},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/email-legitimate-app/",[73700],{"data":73701,"marks":73702,"value":73704,"nodeType":865},{},[73703],{"type":997},"legitimate third-party services",{"data":73706,"marks":73707,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73709,"content":73711,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73710},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/social-media/",[73712],{"data":73713,"marks":73714,"value":73716,"nodeType":865},{},[73715],{"type":997},"social media",{"data":73718,"marks":73719,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73721,"content":73723,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73722},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/instant-messenger/",[73724],{"data":73725,"marks":73726,"value":73728,"nodeType":865},{},[73727],{"type":997},"instant messenger",{"data":73730,"marks":73731,"value":21450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73733,"content":73735,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73734},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/email-attachment/",[73736],{"data":73737,"marks":73738,"value":73740,"nodeType":865},{},[73739],{"type":997},"email attachment",{"data":73742,"marks":73743,"value":73744,"nodeType":865},{},[],". (This is one of the limitations of focusing on specific delivery mechanisms — attackers have more to choose from than ever before. It’s not just an email problem). ",{"data":73746,"content":73747,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":73749,"content":73750,"nodeType":963},{},[73751],{"data":73752,"marks":73753,"value":1704,"nodeType":865},{},[73754],{"type":961},{"data":73756,"content":73757,"nodeType":866},{},[73758,73762,73768],{"data":73759,"marks":73760,"value":73761,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push doesn’t detect the redirect tricks, or relies on outdated domain TI feeds. It doesn’t matter what ",{"data":73763,"content":73764,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13634},[73765],{"data":73766,"marks":73767,"value":53422,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73769,"marks":73770,"value":73771,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Push detects and blocks attacks by identifying the attack in real time, as the user loads the page in their web browser.",{"data":73773,"content":73774,"nodeType":866},{},[73775],{"data":73776,"marks":73777,"value":73165,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73779,"content":73780,"nodeType":866},{},[73781],{"data":73782,"marks":73783,"value":73172,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73785,"content":73786,"nodeType":866},{},[73787,73790,73797],{"data":73788,"marks":73789,"value":73179,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73791,"content":73792,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13728},[73793],{"data":73794,"marks":73795,"value":73187,"nodeType":865},{},[73796],{"type":997},{"data":73798,"marks":73799,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How attackers are using Active Directory Federation Services to phish with legit office.com links","Push recently identified a novel phishing attack using Active Directory Federation Services to get Microsoft to send victims to a phishing site.","2025-08-12T00:00:00.000Z","phishing-with-active-directory-federation-services",{"items":73805},[73806,73808],{"sys":73807,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"sys":73809,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"items":73811},[73812],{"fullName":21474,"firstName":21475,"jobTitle":21476,"profilePicture":73813},{"url":21478},{"__typename":1788,"sys":73815,"content":73817,"title":74592,"synopsis":74593,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":74594,"slug":74595,"tagsCollection":74596,"authorsCollection":74602},{"id":73816},"31m73YMGdCyqVmjHulBwER",{"json":73818},{"data":73819,"content":73820,"nodeType":1739},{},[73821,73828,73861,73868,73874,73881,73912,73919,73925,73928,73936,73943,73950,74007,74025,74037,74044,74050,74053,74061,74077,74083,74090,74096,74103,74141,74147,74150,74158,74165,74172,74295,74301,74331,74338,74341,74349,74356,74363,74405,74433,74440,74515,74521,74524,74531,74538,74558,74561,74569,74576],{"data":73822,"content":73823,"nodeType":866},{},[73824],{"data":73825,"marks":73826,"value":73827,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Until recently, the cyber attacker methodology behind the biggest breaches of the last decade or so has been pretty consistent:",{"data":73829,"content":73830,"nodeType":1049},{},[73831,73841,73851],{"data":73832,"content":73833,"nodeType":1003},{},[73834],{"data":73835,"content":73836,"nodeType":866},{},[73837],{"data":73838,"marks":73839,"value":73840,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Compromise an endpoint via software exploit, or social engineering a user to run malware on their device; ",{"data":73842,"content":73843,"nodeType":1003},{},[73844],{"data":73845,"content":73846,"nodeType":866},{},[73847],{"data":73848,"marks":73849,"value":73850,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Find ways to move laterally inside the network and compromise privileged identities;",{"data":73852,"content":73853,"nodeType":1003},{},[73854],{"data":73855,"content":73856,"nodeType":866},{},[73857],{"data":73858,"marks":73859,"value":73860,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Repeat as needed until you can execute your desired attack — usually stealing data from file shares, deploying ransomware, or both. ",{"data":73862,"content":73863,"nodeType":866},{},[73864],{"data":73865,"marks":73866,"value":73867,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But attacks have fundamentally changed as networks have evolved. With the SaaS-ification of enterprise IT, core business systems aren’t locally deployed and centrally managed in the way they used to be. Instead, they’re logged into over the internet, via a web browser.",{"data":73869,"content":73873,"nodeType":925},{"target":73870},{"sys":73871},{"id":73872,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4h4hUYAghbZavOwjRTnBe2",[],{"data":73875,"content":73876,"nodeType":866},{},[73877],{"data":73878,"marks":73879,"value":73880,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Under the shared responsibility model, the part that’s left to the business consuming a SaaS service is mostly constrained to how they manage identities — the vehicle by which the app is accessed and used by the workforce. It’s no surprise that this has become the soft underbelly in the crosshairs of attackers. ",{"data":73882,"content":73883,"nodeType":866},{},[73884,73888,73896,73900,73909],{"data":73885,"marks":73886,"value":73887,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve seen this time and again in the biggest breaches of recent years, with the highlights including the massive ",{"data":73889,"content":73890,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3904},[73891],{"data":73892,"marks":73893,"value":73895,"nodeType":865},{},[73894],{"type":997},"Snowflake campaign in 2024",{"data":73897,"marks":73898,"value":73899,"nodeType":865},{},[]," and the ",{"data":73901,"content":73903,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73902},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/key-takeaways-from-the-scattered-spider-attacks-on-insurance-firms/",[73904],{"data":73905,"marks":73906,"value":73908,"nodeType":865},{},[73907],{"type":997},"2025 crime wave attributed to Scattered Spider",{"data":73910,"marks":73911,"value":72484,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73913,"content":73914,"nodeType":866},{},[73915],{"data":73916,"marks":73917,"value":73918,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These attacks are so successful because while attackers have moved with the changes to enterprise IT, security hasn’t really kept up. ",{"data":73920,"content":73924,"nodeType":925},{"target":73921},{"sys":73922},{"id":73923,"type":922,"linkType":923},"xH0ZqgKQXCRRZGYVs6xt6",[],{"data":73926,"content":73927,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":73929,"content":73930,"nodeType":963},{},[73931],{"data":73932,"marks":73933,"value":73935,"nodeType":865},{},[73934],{"type":961},"The browser is the new battleground — and a security blind spot",{"data":73937,"content":73938,"nodeType":866},{},[73939],{"data":73940,"marks":73941,"value":73942,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Taking over workforce identities is the first objective for attackers looking to target an organization, and the browser is the place where the attacks against users happen. This is because it’s where these digital identities are created and used — and their credentials and sessions live. This is what the attacker wants to get their hands on. ",{"data":73944,"content":73945,"nodeType":866},{},[73946],{"data":73947,"marks":73948,"value":73949,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stolen credentials can be used as part of targeted attacks or in broader credential stuffing (cycling known username and credential pairs against various apps and platforms), while stolen session tokens can be used to log in directly to an active session, bypassing the authentication process. ",{"data":73951,"content":73952,"nodeType":866},{},[73953,73957,73962,73965,73970,73973,73978,73981,73986,73989,73994,73998,74003],{"data":73954,"marks":73955,"value":73956,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are a few different techniques that attackers can use to get access to these identities. Attackers harvest stolen credentials from various places — ",{"data":73958,"marks":73959,"value":73961,"nodeType":865},{},[73960],{"type":961},"data breach dumps",{"data":73963,"marks":73964,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73966,"marks":73967,"value":73969,"nodeType":865},{},[73968],{"type":961},"mass",{"data":73971,"marks":73972,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73974,"marks":73975,"value":73977,"nodeType":865},{},[73976],{"type":961},"credential",{"data":73979,"marks":73980,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73982,"marks":73983,"value":73985,"nodeType":865},{},[73984],{"type":961},"phishing campaigns,",{"data":73987,"marks":73988,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":73990,"marks":73991,"value":73993,"nodeType":865},{},[73992],{"type":961},"infostealer logs",{"data":73995,"marks":73996,"value":73997,"nodeType":865},{},[],", even ",{"data":73999,"marks":74000,"value":74002,"nodeType":865},{},[74001],{"type":961},"malicious browser extensions",{"data":74004,"marks":74005,"value":74006,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that they’ve tricked an employee into installing. In fact, the cyber crime ecosystem itself has shifted on its axis to cater to this, with hackers specifically taking on the role of harvesting credentials and establishing account access for others to exploit. ",{"data":74008,"content":74009,"nodeType":866},{},[74010,74014,74021],{"data":74011,"marks":74012,"value":74013,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The high-profile ",{"data":74015,"content":74016,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3904},[74017],{"data":74018,"marks":74019,"value":71559,"nodeType":865},{},[74020],{"type":997},{"data":74022,"marks":74023,"value":74024,"nodeType":865},{},[]," breaches in 2024 signalled a watershed moment in the shift to identity-driven breaches, where attackers logged into accounts across hundreds of customer tenants using stolen credentials. One of the primary sources of the stolen credentials used in the attacks were infostealer logs dating back to 2020 — breached passwords that hadn’t been rotated or mitigated with MFA. ",{"data":74026,"content":74027,"nodeType":866},{},[74028,74032],{"data":74029,"marks":74030,"value":74031,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are notable because they’re an endpoint malware attack designed to harvest credentials and session tokens (often from the browser) to enable the attacker to then log into those services… through their own web browser. ",{"data":74033,"marks":74034,"value":74036,"nodeType":865},{},[74035],{"type":961},"So, even today’s endpoint attacks are seeing the attacker pivot back into the browser in order to get to identities — the key to the online apps and services where exploitable data and functionality now resides. ",{"data":74038,"content":74039,"nodeType":866},{},[74040],{"data":74041,"marks":74042,"value":74043,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The problem here is that this is a blind spot for the security tools we’re currently reliant upon — which don’t have the fine-grained visibility required. This is very similar to the challenge that the industry faced prior to the introduction of EDR in the 2010s — the main sources of data are looking from the outside-in, lacking the process-level visibility and context to be able to detect and stop attacks as they happen.",{"data":74045,"content":74049,"nodeType":925},{"target":74046},{"sys":74047},{"id":74048,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2qoMH6qCNJc7it7sTuKl4F",[],{"data":74051,"content":74052,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":74054,"content":74055,"nodeType":963},{},[74056],{"data":74057,"marks":74058,"value":74060,"nodeType":865},{},[74059],{"type":961},"Identity is the prize, browser is the platform — and phishing is the weapon of choice",{"data":74062,"content":74063,"nodeType":866},{},[74064,74068,74073],{"data":74065,"marks":74066,"value":74067,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But the technique that’s STILL driving the most impactful identity-driven breaches? ",{"data":74069,"marks":74070,"value":74072,"nodeType":865},{},[74071],{"type":961},"It’s phishing",{"data":74074,"marks":74075,"value":74076,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Phishing for credentials, sessions, OAuth consent, authorization codes. Phishing via email, instant messenger, social media, malicious Google ads… it all happens in, or leads to, the browser. ",{"data":74078,"content":74082,"nodeType":925},{"target":74079},{"sys":74080},{"id":74081,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6Gsd3G0sOibNxgVLimb2wV",[],{"data":74084,"content":74085,"nodeType":866},{},[74086],{"data":74087,"marks":74088,"value":74089,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And modern phishing attacks are more effective than ever. Today, phishing operates on an industrial scale, using an array of obfuscation and detection evasion techniques to block email and network security tools from intercepting them. Probably the most common example today is the use of bot protection (think CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using legitimate anti-spam features to block security tools. ",{"data":74091,"content":74095,"nodeType":925},{"target":74092},{"sys":74093},{"id":74094,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6M1My4lSKItu6Qdv4hO1RA",[],{"data":74097,"content":74098,"nodeType":866},{},[74099],{"data":74100,"marks":74101,"value":74102,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom CAPTCHA, and using runtime anti-analysis features, making them increasingly difficult to detect. The ways in which links are delivered has also increased in sophistication, with more delivery channels (as we showed above) and the use of legitimate SaaS services for camouflage. ",{"data":74104,"content":74105,"nodeType":866},{},[74106,74110,74115,74119,74124,74128,74137],{"data":74107,"marks":74108,"value":74109,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And the latest trends indicate that attackers are responding to increasingly hardened IdP/SSO configuration by exploiting alternative phishing techniques that ",{"data":74111,"marks":74112,"value":74114,"nodeType":865},{},[74113],{"type":961},"circumvent MFA and passkeys",{"data":74116,"marks":74117,"value":74118,"nodeType":865},{},[],", most commonly by ",{"data":74120,"marks":74121,"value":74123,"nodeType":865},{},[74122],{"type":961},"downgrading to a phishable backup authentication method",{"data":74125,"marks":74126,"value":74127,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — which you can see in action below, and ",{"data":74129,"content":74131,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74130},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks/",[74132],{"data":74133,"marks":74134,"value":74136,"nodeType":865},{},[74135],{"type":997},"read more about here",{"data":74138,"marks":74139,"value":74140,"nodeType":865},{},[],".  ",{"data":74142,"content":74146,"nodeType":925},{"target":74143},{"sys":74144},{"id":74145,"type":922,"linkType":923},"54I3YQ2gK26a8FIocQ3WYT",[],{"data":74148,"content":74149,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":74151,"content":74152,"nodeType":963},{},[74153],{"data":74154,"marks":74155,"value":74157,"nodeType":865},{},[74156],{"type":961},"Identities are the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to aim for",{"data":74159,"content":74160,"nodeType":866},{},[74161],{"data":74162,"marks":74163,"value":74164,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The goal of the modern attacker, and the easiest way into your business’s digital environment, is to compromise identities. Whether you’re dealing with phishing attacks, malicious browser extensions, or infostealer malware, the objective remains the same — account takeover. ",{"data":74166,"content":74167,"nodeType":866},{},[74168],{"data":74169,"marks":74170,"value":74171,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations are dealing with a vast and vulnerable attack surface consisting of:",{"data":74173,"content":74174,"nodeType":1049},{},[74175,74196,74217,74237],{"data":74176,"content":74177,"nodeType":1003},{},[74178],{"data":74179,"content":74180,"nodeType":866},{},[74181,74184,74192],{"data":74182,"marks":74183,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":74185,"content":74186,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10328},[74187],{"data":74188,"marks":74189,"value":74191,"nodeType":865},{},[74190],{"type":997},"Hundreds of applications, with thousands of accounts",{"data":74193,"marks":74194,"value":74195,"nodeType":865},{},[]," spread across the app estate.",{"data":74197,"content":74198,"nodeType":1003},{},[74199],{"data":74200,"content":74201,"nodeType":866},{},[74202,74206,74214],{"data":74203,"marks":74204,"value":74205,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Accounts vulnerable to MFA-bypass phishing kits, because they are using a login method that is not phishing-resistant, or because ",{"data":74207,"content":74208,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74130},[74209],{"data":74210,"marks":74211,"value":74213,"nodeType":865},{},[74212],{"type":997},"the login method can be downgraded",{"data":74215,"marks":74216,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":74218,"content":74219,"nodeType":1003},{},[74220],{"data":74221,"content":74222,"nodeType":866},{},[74223,74227,74234],{"data":74224,"marks":74225,"value":74226,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Accounts with a weak, reused, or breached password and no MFA altogether (usually the result of a forgotten-about ",{"data":74228,"content":74229,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56515},[74230],{"data":74231,"marks":74232,"value":68113,"nodeType":865},{},[74233],{"type":997},{"data":74235,"marks":74236,"value":47654,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":74238,"content":74239,"nodeType":1003},{},[74240],{"data":74241,"content":74242,"nodeType":866},{},[74243,74247,74256,74259,74268,74272,74279,74282,74291],{"data":74244,"marks":74245,"value":74246,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Bypassing the authentication process entirely to evade otherwise phishing-resistant authentication methods, by abusing features like ",{"data":74248,"content":74250,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74249},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_keys/description.md",[74251],{"data":74252,"marks":74253,"value":74255,"nodeType":865},{},[74254],{"type":997},"API key creation",{"data":74257,"marks":74258,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":74260,"content":74262,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74261},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/app_specific_password_phishing/description.md",[74263],{"data":74264,"marks":74265,"value":74267,"nodeType":865},{},[74266],{"type":997},"app-specific passwords",{"data":74269,"marks":74270,"value":74271,"nodeType":865},{},[],", OAuth ",{"data":74273,"content":74274,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68877},[74275],{"data":74276,"marks":74277,"value":52972,"nodeType":865},{},[74278],{"type":997},{"data":74280,"marks":74281,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":74283,"content":74285,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74284},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/cross-idp_impersonation/description.md",[74286],{"data":74287,"marks":74288,"value":74290,"nodeType":865},{},[74289],{"type":997},"cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":74292,"marks":74293,"value":74294,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and more.  ",{"data":74296,"content":74300,"nodeType":925},{"target":74297},{"sys":74298},{"id":74299,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3WFzina1t5j6bDlTlGQA0l",[],{"data":74302,"content":74303,"nodeType":866},{},[74304,74308,74316,74320,74327],{"data":74305,"marks":74306,"value":74307,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A key driver of identity vulnerability is the ",{"data":74309,"content":74310,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18081},[74311],{"data":74312,"marks":74313,"value":74315,"nodeType":865},{},[74314],{"type":997},"huge variance in the configurability of accounts per application",{"data":74317,"marks":74318,"value":74319,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with different levels of centralized visibility and security control of identities provided — for example, while one app can be locked down to only accept SSO logins via SAML and automatically remove any unused passwords, another provides no control or visibility of login method or MFA status (another big driver of the ",{"data":74321,"content":74322,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3904},[74323],{"data":74324,"marks":74325,"value":71559,"nodeType":865},{},[74326],{"type":997},{"data":74328,"marks":74329,"value":74330,"nodeType":865},{},[]," breaches last year). Unfortunately, as a by-product of product-led growth and something that is compounded by every new SaaS startup that hits the market, this situation doesn’t look like it’s going to change anytime soon. ",{"data":74332,"content":74333,"nodeType":866},{},[74334],{"data":74335,"marks":74336,"value":74337,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The end result is that identities are misconfigured, invisible to the security team, and routinely exploited by commodity attacker tooling. It’s no surprise that they’re the primary target for attackers today. ",{"data":74339,"content":74340,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":74342,"content":74343,"nodeType":963},{},[74344],{"data":74345,"marks":74346,"value":74348,"nodeType":865},{},[74347],{"type":961},"The solution: The browser as a telemetry source and control point",{"data":74350,"content":74351,"nodeType":866},{},[74352],{"data":74353,"marks":74354,"value":74355,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because identity attacks play out in the browser, it’s the perfect place for security teams to observe, intercept, and shut down these attacks. ",{"data":74357,"content":74358,"nodeType":866},{},[74359],{"data":74360,"marks":74361,"value":74362,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The browser has a number of advantages over the different places where identity can be observed and protected, because:",{"data":74364,"content":74365,"nodeType":1049},{},[74366,74376,74386],{"data":74367,"content":74368,"nodeType":1003},{},[74369],{"data":74370,"content":74371,"nodeType":866},{},[74372],{"data":74373,"marks":74374,"value":74375,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You aren’t limited to the apps and identities directly connected to your IdP (a fraction of your workforce identity sprawl). ",{"data":74377,"content":74378,"nodeType":1003},{},[74379],{"data":74380,"content":74381,"nodeType":866},{},[74382],{"data":74383,"marks":74384,"value":74385,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You aren’t limited to the apps that you know about and manage centrally — you can observe every login that passes through the browser.",{"data":74387,"content":74388,"nodeType":1003},{},[74389],{"data":74390,"content":74391,"nodeType":866},{},[74392,74396,74401],{"data":74393,"marks":74394,"value":74395,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can observe all the properties of a login, including the login method, MFA method, etc. You’d otherwise need API access to ",{"data":74397,"marks":74398,"value":74400,"nodeType":865},{},[74399],{"type":944},"maybe",{"data":74402,"marks":74403,"value":74404,"nodeType":865},{},[]," get this information (depending on whether an API is provided and whether this specific data can be interrogated, also not standard for many apps). ",{"data":74406,"content":74407,"nodeType":866},{},[74408,74412,74417,74421,74429],{"data":74409,"marks":74410,"value":74411,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s obvious with all that we’ve covered so far that fixing every identity vulnerability is an ominous task — the SaaS ecosystem itself is working against you. ",{"data":74413,"marks":74414,"value":74416,"nodeType":865},{},[74415],{"type":961},"This is why detecting and responding to identity attacks is essential. ",{"data":74418,"marks":74419,"value":74420,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because identity compromise almost always involves phishing or social engineering a user to perform an action in their browser (with some exceptions — like the ",{"data":74422,"content":74423,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56714},[74424],{"data":74425,"marks":74426,"value":74428,"nodeType":865},{},[74427],{"type":997},"Scattered Spider-related help desk attacks",{"data":74430,"marks":74431,"value":74432,"nodeType":865},{},[]," seen recently), it’s also the perfect place to monitor for and intercept attacks. ",{"data":74434,"content":74435,"nodeType":866},{},[74436],{"data":74437,"marks":74438,"value":74439,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the browser, you gather deep, contextualized information about page behavior and user inputs that can be used to detect and shut down risky scenarios in real time. Take the example of phishing pages. Because Push operates in the browser, it sees everything:",{"data":74441,"content":74442,"nodeType":1049},{},[74443,74453,74463,74473,74495,74505],{"data":74444,"content":74445,"nodeType":1003},{},[74446],{"data":74447,"content":74448,"nodeType":866},{},[74449],{"data":74450,"marks":74451,"value":74452,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The page layout.",{"data":74454,"content":74455,"nodeType":1003},{},[74456],{"data":74457,"content":74458,"nodeType":866},{},[74459],{"data":74460,"marks":74461,"value":74462,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where the user came from (through the whole redirect chain).",{"data":74464,"content":74465,"nodeType":1003},{},[74466],{"data":74467,"content":74468,"nodeType":866},{},[74469],{"data":74470,"marks":74471,"value":74472,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Page interaction events — e.g. tabs opened and closed, popup windows, forms submitted, etc.",{"data":74474,"content":74475,"nodeType":1003},{},[74476],{"data":74477,"content":74478,"nodeType":866},{},[74479,74483,74491],{"data":74480,"marks":74481,"value":74482,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The password they enter ",{"data":74484,"content":74485,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73040},[74486],{"data":74487,"marks":74488,"value":74490,"nodeType":865},{},[74489],{"type":997},"(as a salted, abbreviated hash)",{"data":74492,"marks":74493,"value":74494,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and whether a password was typed or copied, and where from.",{"data":74496,"content":74497,"nodeType":1003},{},[74498],{"data":74499,"content":74500,"nodeType":866},{},[74501],{"data":74502,"marks":74503,"value":74504,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What scripts are running on the page and whether they are potentially malicious.",{"data":74506,"content":74507,"nodeType":1003},{},[74508],{"data":74509,"content":74510,"nodeType":866},{},[74511],{"data":74512,"marks":74513,"value":74514,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where credentials are being sent.",{"data":74516,"content":74520,"nodeType":925},{"target":74517},{"sys":74518},{"id":74519,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6kQejVS63FQ6Oy8nIm6UlV",[],{"data":74522,"content":74523,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":74525,"content":74526,"nodeType":963},{},[74527],{"data":74528,"marks":74529,"value":72105,"nodeType":865},{},[74530],{"type":961},{"data":74532,"content":74533,"nodeType":866},{},[74534],{"data":74535,"marks":74536,"value":74537,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity attacks are the biggest unsolved problem facing security teams today and the leading cause of security breaches. At the same time, the browser presents security teams with all the tools they need to prevent, detect, and respond to identity-based attacks — proactively by finding and fixing identity vulnerabilities, and reactively by detecting and blocking attacks against users in real time. ",{"data":74539,"content":74540,"nodeType":866},{},[74541,74545,74554],{"data":74542,"marks":74543,"value":74544,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Organizations need to move past the old ways of doing identity security — relying on MFA attestations, identity management dashboards, and ",{"data":74546,"content":74548,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74547},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/three-reasons-why-browser-is-best-for-stopping-phishing-attacks/",[74549],{"data":74550,"marks":74551,"value":74553,"nodeType":865},{},[74552],{"type":997},"legacy email and network anti-phishing tools",{"data":74555,"marks":74556,"value":74557,"nodeType":865},{},[],". And there’s no better place to stop these attacks than in the browser. ",{"data":74559,"content":74560,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":74562,"content":74563,"nodeType":963},{},[74564],{"data":74565,"marks":74566,"value":74568,"nodeType":865},{},[74567],{"type":961},"Find out more",{"data":74570,"content":74571,"nodeType":866},{},[74572],{"data":74573,"marks":74574,"value":74575,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks identity attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more.",{"data":74577,"content":74578,"nodeType":866},{},[74579,74582,74589],{"data":74580,"marks":74581,"value":72126,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":74583,"content":74584,"nodeType":882},{"uri":1728},[74585],{"data":74586,"marks":74587,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[74588],{"type":997},{"data":74590,"marks":74591,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How the browser became the main cyber battleground","How attacks have moved away from endpoints and internal networks to the browser — a blind spot for traditional security tools.","2025-08-15T00:00:00.000Z","how-the-browser-became-the-main-cyber-battleground",{"items":74597},[74598,74600],{"sys":74599,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"sys":74601,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"items":74603},[74604],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":74605},{"url":11434},"6-browser-based-attacks-every-security-team-should-be-prepared-for","blog/6-browser-based-attacks-every-security-team-should-be-prepared-for",{"json":74609},{"data":74610,"content":74611,"nodeType":1739},{},[74612],{"data":74613,"content":74614,"nodeType":866},{},[74615],{"data":74616,"marks":74617,"value":74618,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What security teams need to know about the browser-based attack techniques that are the leading cause of breaches today.","What security teams need to know about the browser-based attack techniques that are the leading cause of breaches.",{"id":74621,"publishedAt":74622},"62Zyr35VUmijkpupWk3hoD","2026-08-12T11:53:52.135Z",{"items":74624},[74625,74627],{"sys":74626,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":74628,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":74630},[74631,74633,74635,74637,74639,74641,74643,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673,74675],{"sys":74632,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":74634,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":74636,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":74638,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":74640,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":74642,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":74644,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":74646,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":74648,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":74650,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":74652,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":74654,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":74656,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":74658,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45},{"id":445},{"sys":74660,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":74662,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":74664,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":74666,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":74668,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":74670,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":74672,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":74674,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":74676,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},"WL7qIr1ZFM800qYp8iPSNtZRoMC9xxn2kj9zNtQfvf4",{"id":74679,"title":74680,"authorsCollection":74681,"content":74686,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":75398,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":75400,"metaTitle":75401,"ogImage":59,"postType":44368,"publishedDate":75402,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":75403,"slug":77374,"stem":77375,"subtitle":59,"summary":77376,"synopsis":77387,"sys":77388,"tagsCollection":77391,"topicsCollection":77397,"__hash__":77427},"blog/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks.json","MFA downgrade: How attackers are getting around phishing-resistant authentication",{"items":74682},[74683],{"fullName":21474,"firstName":21475,"jobTitle":21476,"socialLinks":74684,"profilePicture":74685},[63011],{"url":21478},{"json":74687,"links":75338},{"data":74688,"content":74689,"nodeType":1739},{},[74690,74697,74704,74710,74735,74755,74758,74766,74773,74780,74788,74808,74811,74819,74826,74831,74838,74844,74847,74855,74862,74869,74892,74899,74932,74939,74947,74966,74973,74979,75006,75036,75044,75051,75058,75091,75094,75102,75121,75128,75151,75158,75164,75167,75175,75182,75305,75308,75315,75322],{"data":74691,"content":74692,"nodeType":866},{},[74693],{"data":74694,"marks":74695,"value":74696,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As awareness grows around many MFA methods being “phishable” (i.e. not phishing resistant), passwordless authentication methods are being increasingly advocated. ",{"data":74698,"content":74699,"nodeType":866},{},[74700],{"data":74701,"marks":74702,"value":74703,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is a good thing. The most commonly used MFA factors (like SMS codes, push notifications, and app-based OTP) are routinely bypassed, with modern reverse-proxy phishing kits the most common method. ",{"data":74705,"content":74709,"nodeType":925},{"target":74706},{"sys":74707},{"id":74708,"type":922,"linkType":923},"ImwzE2R9qaHaqlWn0GqIa",[],{"data":74711,"content":74712,"nodeType":866},{},[74713,74717,74722,74726,74731],{"data":74714,"marks":74715,"value":74716,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Often referred to as a “passkey”, passwordless authentication typically consists of a hardware security device that is built-into your laptop (e.g. the fingerprint sensor on a laptop) or something you plug into your device (e.g. a Yubikey). Because passkey-based logins are domain-bound, trying to use a passkey for ",{"data":74718,"marks":74719,"value":74721,"nodeType":865},{},[74720],{"type":997},"microsoft.com",{"data":74723,"marks":74724,"value":74725,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on ",{"data":74727,"marks":74728,"value":74730,"nodeType":865},{},[74729],{"type":997},"phishing.com",{"data":74732,"marks":74733,"value":74734,"nodeType":865},{},[]," simply won’t generate the correct value to pass the authentication check, even when proxied using an AitM kit. ",{"data":74736,"content":74737,"nodeType":866},{},[74738,74742,74752],{"data":74739,"marks":74740,"value":74741,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, attackers have realized that even as these new phishing-resistant methods are starting to become used, most users still have alternative MFA methods active. The attacker can then do what’s called a ",{"data":74743,"content":74745,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74744},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_downgrade/description.md",[74746],{"data":74747,"marks":74748,"value":74751,"nodeType":865},{},[74749,74750],{"type":997},{"type":961},"downgrade attack",{"data":74753,"marks":74754,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":74756,"content":74757,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":74759,"content":74760,"nodeType":963},{},[74761],{"data":74762,"marks":74763,"value":74765,"nodeType":865},{},[74764],{"type":961},"Downgrade attacks 101",{"data":74767,"content":74768,"nodeType":866},{},[74769],{"data":74770,"marks":74771,"value":74772,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When conducting an Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing attack, the attacker doesn’t need to relay 100% of the messages accurately. Instead, they can alter some of them. The app might ask the user “You need to MFA — do you want to use your passkey, or your backup authenticator code?”, but the phishing website might modify this page to say “You need to MFA — use your backup authenticator code” not giving you the option to use your secure passkey. This is called a downgrade attack.",{"data":74774,"content":74775,"nodeType":866},{},[74776],{"data":74777,"marks":74778,"value":74779,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This can also be applied to accounts that use SSO as the default login method. In this scenario, the phish kit can select a backup username and password option to allow the phishing attack to proceed.  ",{"data":74781,"content":74782,"nodeType":866},{},[74783],{"data":74784,"marks":74785,"value":74787,"nodeType":865},{},[74786],{"type":961},"So, you have a situation where even if a phishing-resistant login method exists, the presence of a less secure backup method means the account is still vulnerable to phishing attacks. ",{"data":74789,"content":74790,"nodeType":866},{},[74791,74795,74804],{"data":74792,"marks":74793,"value":74794,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These attacks are effective across a number of sites and login methods that support passkey-based logins, for example, Windows Hello, Okta FastPass, and Google Workspace. As an example, here’s a link to a ",{"data":74796,"content":74798,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74797},"https://github.com/yudasm/WHfB-o365-Phishlet",[74799],{"data":74800,"marks":74801,"value":74803,"nodeType":865},{},[74802],{"type":997},"custom phishlet for Evilginx",{"data":74805,"marks":74806,"value":74807,"nodeType":865},{},[]," targeting Windows Hello for Business. A small caveat is that changes made by Microsoft have since broken this plugin, but we were able to write our own custom phishlet to achieve the same outcome. ",{"data":74809,"content":74810,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":74812,"content":74813,"nodeType":963},{},[74814],{"data":74815,"marks":74816,"value":74818,"nodeType":865},{},[74817],{"type":961},"MFA downgrade in action",{"data":74820,"content":74821,"nodeType":866},{},[74822],{"data":74823,"marks":74824,"value":74825,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check out the video below to see an example of using Evilginx with a custom phishlet to downgrade authentication for a Microsoft account using Windows Hello. ",{"data":74827,"content":74830,"nodeType":925},{"target":74828},{"sys":74829},{"id":74145,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":74832,"content":74833,"nodeType":866},{},[74834],{"data":74835,"marks":74836,"value":74837,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve encountered similar functionality in criminal phishing platforms we’ve investigated such as Tycoon — in this case, targeting Google accounts. This snippet is notable in that it includes JavaScript to abuse UI features to bypass passkeys.",{"data":74839,"content":74843,"nodeType":925},{"target":74840},{"sys":74841},{"id":74842,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5Vya1VApSisr0000HuTLY2",[],{"data":74845,"content":74846,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":74848,"content":74849,"nodeType":963},{},[74850],{"data":74851,"marks":74852,"value":74854,"nodeType":865},{},[74853],{"type":961},"Mitigations (and challenges)",{"data":74856,"content":74857,"nodeType":866},{},[74858],{"data":74859,"marks":74860,"value":74861,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA downgrade is made possible by the existence of backup authentication methods. So the obvious solution is to remove backup/unused login and MFA methods from your accounts, ensuring you’re accessing apps using SSO from a hardened Identity Provider (IdP) account (e.g. Okta, Entra, Google Workspace). ",{"data":74863,"content":74864,"nodeType":866},{},[74865],{"data":74866,"marks":74867,"value":74868,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the ideal world, you’d be:",{"data":74870,"content":74871,"nodeType":1049},{},[74872,74882],{"data":74873,"content":74874,"nodeType":1003},{},[74875],{"data":74876,"content":74877,"nodeType":866},{},[74878],{"data":74879,"marks":74880,"value":74881,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Using only one IdP account, which you access via passkey, with no backup methods.",{"data":74883,"content":74884,"nodeType":1003},{},[74885],{"data":74886,"content":74887,"nodeType":866},{},[74888],{"data":74889,"marks":74890,"value":74891,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Accessing all business apps using SSO from your locked-down IdP account. ",{"data":74893,"content":74894,"nodeType":866},{},[74895],{"data":74896,"marks":74897,"value":74898,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The reality is way different, though. Because going totally passwordless is hard. It requires a large investment of time, money, and training for end-users. You’ll find many cautionary tales of companies starting on their passkey adoption journey and ultimately failing to make it a reality. This is largely because:",{"data":74900,"content":74901,"nodeType":1049},{},[74902,74912,74922],{"data":74903,"content":74904,"nodeType":1003},{},[74905],{"data":74906,"content":74907,"nodeType":866},{},[74908],{"data":74909,"marks":74910,"value":74911,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In environments with a mix of older and newer infrastructure, it can be challenging to get complete coverage. ",{"data":74913,"content":74914,"nodeType":1003},{},[74915],{"data":74916,"content":74917,"nodeType":866},{},[74918],{"data":74919,"marks":74920,"value":74921,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Not every device comes with an in-built biometric identification method, so you need to use a second device — which employees may struggle with (especially when they lose it and aren’t familiar with how to regain account access).",{"data":74923,"content":74924,"nodeType":1003},{},[74925],{"data":74926,"content":74927,"nodeType":866},{},[74928],{"data":74929,"marks":74930,"value":74931,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most apps don’t allow you to log in directly with a passkey, meaning you need to SSO from your IdP account. But many apps don’t support every preferred SSO provider, and fail to provide SAML support, so there can be gaps.  ",{"data":74933,"content":74934,"nodeType":866},{},[74935],{"data":74936,"marks":74937,"value":74938,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And ultimately, because of the self-service, product-led growth fuelled nature of most online services today, it’s easy for users to slip back into using passwords — and hard for security teams to find and remove them (particularly if an app isn’t centrally managed). And the level of support that different apps provide users and administrators to secure how they access their services varies significantly. ",{"data":74940,"content":74941,"nodeType":1458},{},[74942],{"data":74943,"marks":74944,"value":74946,"nodeType":865},{},[74945],{"type":961},"Most apps make removing phishable authentication hard",{"data":74948,"content":74949,"nodeType":866},{},[74950,74954,74962],{"data":74951,"marks":74952,"value":74953,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While some providers are taking steps to go passwordless by default, which makes it easier to remove passwords (e.g. ",{"data":74955,"content":74957,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74956},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/microsoft-entra-blog/introducing-password-removal-for-microsoft-accounts/2747280",[74958],{"data":74959,"marks":74960,"value":18697,"nodeType":865},{},[74961],{"type":997},{"data":74963,"marks":74964,"value":74965,"nodeType":865},{},[]," recently made a big deal of its desire to get rid of passwords), the quality of identity security management functionality varies significantly from app to app. ",{"data":74967,"content":74968,"nodeType":866},{},[74969],{"data":74970,"marks":74971,"value":74972,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Many apps default to the most recently used or strongest login method, but very few automatically lock you in to using the strongest method available. Most of the time, these kinds of controls also need to be configured in the app — which can be challenging if your security team doesn’t manage it (or simply isn’t aware of it). ",{"data":74974,"content":74978,"nodeType":925},{"target":74975},{"sys":74976},{"id":74977,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4X9MR0CbSMltOmw767XNOm",[],{"data":74980,"content":74981,"nodeType":866},{},[74982,74986,74991,74995,75002],{"data":74983,"marks":74984,"value":74985,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, configuring MFA is often an additive process — you start by adding a phone number, then you add an authenticator app or a passkey. Just like we find that most accounts with SSO ",{"data":74987,"marks":74988,"value":74990,"nodeType":865},{},[74989],{"type":961},"also",{"data":74992,"marks":74993,"value":74994,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have a password login configured (also known as ",{"data":74996,"content":74997,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56515},[74998],{"data":74999,"marks":75000,"value":10345,"nodeType":865},{},[75001],{"type":997},{"data":75003,"marks":75004,"value":75005,"nodeType":865},{},[],"), most accounts with MFA typically have multiple methods attached to their account. ",{"data":75007,"content":75008,"nodeType":866},{},[75009,75013,75020,75023,75032],{"data":75010,"marks":75011,"value":75012,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The result is that even if you can successfully lock down a handful of apps, many more will continue to be susceptible to phishing attacks using commonly available downgrade functionality. And as attackers diversify the apps they target (such as these recent examples targeting ",{"data":75014,"content":75015,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73618},[75016],{"data":75017,"marks":75018,"value":68628,"nodeType":865},{},[75019],{"type":997},{"data":75021,"marks":75022,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75024,"content":75026,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75025},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/dissecting-a-recent-mailchimp-phishing-attack/",[75027],{"data":75028,"marks":75029,"value":75031,"nodeType":865},{},[75030],{"type":997},"MailChimp",{"data":75033,"marks":75034,"value":75035,"nodeType":865},{},[],"), this becomes increasingly likely. ",{"data":75037,"content":75038,"nodeType":1458},{},[75039],{"data":75040,"marks":75041,"value":75043,"nodeType":865},{},[75042],{"type":961},"Conditional access is a useful mitigation if configured properly, but only on apps which support it",{"data":75045,"content":75046,"nodeType":866},{},[75047],{"data":75048,"marks":75049,"value":75050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Conditional access policies are a useful last line of defense against account takeover attacks by denying logins that don't meet certain criteria, even if they user is able to authenticate. In larger IdP platforms that typically support more granular conditional access policies, this is a useful addition when configured correctly. However, many apps simply don't support conditional access, so will be vulnerable to attackers targeting them directly (as opposed to first logging into e.g. Microsoft or Google, and then accessing downstream apps via SSO). ",{"data":75052,"content":75053,"nodeType":866},{},[75054],{"data":75055,"marks":75056,"value":75057,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That said, locking down your core IdP platforms with robust conditional access should be a top priority for security teams. Useful policies that should be configured include:",{"data":75059,"content":75060,"nodeType":1049},{},[75061,75071,75081],{"data":75062,"content":75063,"nodeType":1003},{},[75064],{"data":75065,"content":75066,"nodeType":866},{},[75067],{"data":75068,"marks":75069,"value":75070,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Limiting logins to domain-joined devices.",{"data":75072,"content":75073,"nodeType":1003},{},[75074],{"data":75075,"content":75076,"nodeType":866},{},[75077],{"data":75078,"marks":75079,"value":75080,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Set phishing-resistant MFA as required. ",{"data":75082,"content":75083,"nodeType":1003},{},[75084],{"data":75085,"content":75086,"nodeType":866},{},[75087],{"data":75088,"marks":75089,"value":75090,"nodeType":865},{},[],"(Where possible) limit logins to trusted IP ranges. ",{"data":75092,"content":75093,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75095,"content":75096,"nodeType":963},{},[75097],{"data":75098,"marks":75099,"value":75101,"nodeType":865},{},[75100],{"type":961},"Tackling MFA downgrade with Push Security",{"data":75103,"content":75104,"nodeType":866},{},[75105,75109,75117],{"data":75106,"marks":75107,"value":75108,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys are key to the future of enterprise identity security, but organizations need to recognize that adopting passkeys isn’t a silver bullet. Ensuring that passkeys are the only authentication method supported by your business apps is no mean feat, considering ",{"data":75110,"content":75111,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10328},[75112],{"data":75113,"marks":75114,"value":75116,"nodeType":865},{},[75115],{"type":997},"most organizations are using hundreds of them",{"data":75118,"marks":75119,"value":75120,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — all with their own specific ways of handling and administering identities. ",{"data":75122,"content":75123,"nodeType":866},{},[75124],{"data":75125,"marks":75126,"value":75127,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s why we support a layered defense, providing last-mile protection by:",{"data":75129,"content":75130,"nodeType":1049},{},[75131,75141],{"data":75132,"content":75133,"nodeType":1003},{},[75134],{"data":75135,"content":75136,"nodeType":866},{},[75137],{"data":75138,"marks":75139,"value":75140,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Intercepting and blocking phishing attacks in the browser to prevent AiTM attacks using downgrade techniques.",{"data":75142,"content":75143,"nodeType":1003},{},[75144],{"data":75145,"content":75146,"nodeType":866},{},[75147],{"data":75148,"marks":75149,"value":75150,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identifying backup MFA and login methods across the business apps your employees use, so they can be removed (individually or through app-level configuration changes).",{"data":75152,"content":75153,"nodeType":866},{},[75154],{"data":75155,"marks":75156,"value":75157,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Here’s how it works.",{"data":75159,"content":75163,"nodeType":925},{"target":75160},{"sys":75161},{"id":75162,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2uvItnfaOQZHa4a9BIIhRn",[],{"data":75165,"content":75166,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75168,"content":75169,"nodeType":963},{},[75170],{"data":75171,"marks":75172,"value":75174,"nodeType":865},{},[75173],{"type":961},"Further reading",{"data":75176,"content":75177,"nodeType":866},{},[75178],{"data":75179,"marks":75180,"value":75181,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA downgrade is just one method of getting into an otherwise locked-down account. Attackers are also finding ways to bypass the standard authentication process entirely, through: ",{"data":75183,"content":75184,"nodeType":1049},{},[75185,75218,75251,75271],{"data":75186,"content":75187,"nodeType":1003},{},[75188],{"data":75189,"content":75190,"nodeType":866},{},[75191,75194,75202,75206,75215],{"data":75192,"marks":75193,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75195,"content":75196,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74261},[75197],{"data":75198,"marks":75199,"value":75201,"nodeType":865},{},[75200],{"type":997},"App-specific password phishing",{"data":75203,"marks":75204,"value":75205,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where attackers can abuse functionality designed to enable users to log into apps that don’t support modern authentication. (",{"data":75207,"content":75209,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75208},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/app-specific-password-phishing/",[75210],{"data":75211,"marks":75212,"value":75214,"nodeType":865},{},[75213],{"type":997},"Read the article for more information here",{"data":75216,"marks":75217,"value":47654,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75219,"content":75220,"nodeType":1003},{},[75221],{"data":75222,"content":75223,"nodeType":866},{},[75224,75227,75234,75238,75247],{"data":75225,"marks":75226,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75228,"content":75229,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68877},[75230],{"data":75231,"marks":75232,"value":68884,"nodeType":865},{},[75233],{"type":997},{"data":75235,"marks":75236,"value":75237,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which sees the victim accept OAuth scopes for an attacker-controlled app integration granting access to the account without needing to directly compromise it. (",{"data":75239,"content":75241,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75240},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-consent-phishing-is-evolving/",[75242],{"data":75243,"marks":75244,"value":75246,"nodeType":865},{},[75245],{"type":997},"You can read more about recent examples here",{"data":75248,"marks":75249,"value":75250,"nodeType":865},{},[],".) ",{"data":75252,"content":75253,"nodeType":1003},{},[75254],{"data":75255,"content":75256,"nodeType":866},{},[75257,75260,75267],{"data":75258,"marks":75259,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75261,"content":75262,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18506},[75263],{"data":75264,"marks":75265,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[75266],{"type":997},{"data":75268,"marks":75269,"value":75270,"nodeType":865},{},[],", functionally very similar to consent phishing but involving the victim entering a code for authorization. ",{"data":75272,"content":75273,"nodeType":1003},{},[75274],{"data":75275,"content":75276,"nodeType":866},{},[75277,75280,75288,75292,75301],{"data":75278,"marks":75279,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75281,"content":75282,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74284},[75283],{"data":75284,"marks":75285,"value":75287,"nodeType":865},{},[75286],{"type":997},"Cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":75289,"marks":75290,"value":75291,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which sees the attacker register a new IdP connected to the victim’s email account that can be used to access connected apps via SSO without directly compromising the primary IdP. (",{"data":75293,"content":75295,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75294},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/a-new-class-of-phishing-verification-phishing-and-cross-idp-impersonation/",[75296],{"data":75297,"marks":75298,"value":75300,"nodeType":865},{},[75299],{"type":997},"You can read more about this here",{"data":75302,"marks":75303,"value":75304,"nodeType":865},{},[],".)",{"data":75306,"content":75307,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75309,"content":75310,"nodeType":963},{},[75311],{"data":75312,"marks":75313,"value":17825,"nodeType":865},{},[75314],{"type":961},{"data":75316,"content":75317,"nodeType":866},{},[75318],{"data":75319,"marks":75320,"value":75321,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more.",{"data":75323,"content":75324,"nodeType":866},{},[75325,75328,75335],{"data":75326,"marks":75327,"value":73179,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75329,"content":75330,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13728},[75331],{"data":75332,"marks":75333,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[75334],{"type":997},{"data":75336,"marks":75337,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":75339},{"hyperlink":75340,"inline":75341,"block":75342},[],[],[75343,75357,75361,75369,75394],{"sys":75344,"__typename":9270,"content":75345,"name":75356,"title":59},{"id":74708},{"json":75346},{"nodeType":1739,"data":75347,"content":75348},{},[75349],{"nodeType":866,"data":75350,"content":75351},{},[75352],{"nodeType":865,"value":75353,"marks":75354,"data":75355},"MFA-bypassing Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing kits are the standard choice for attackers today. These work by intercepting the authenticated session created when a victim enters their password and completes an MFA check. To do this, the phishing website simply passes messages between the user and the real website — hence “Attacker-in-the-Middle”.",[],{},"MFA downgrade insight box 1",{"sys":75358,"__typename":12453,"title":75359,"arcadeDemoUrl":75360,"playText":12456},{"id":74145},"MFA Downgrade Demo","https://demo.arcade.software/1MzRfFaRCD2pYPhIXkvi?embed",{"sys":75362,"__typename":1747,"title":75363,"caption":75364,"layoutMode":59,"file":75365},{"id":74842},"Tycoon Passkeys Code Snippet","Tycoon code snippet from a phishing campaign targeting Google accounts.",{"url":75366,"width":75367,"height":75368},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/21d3KTcWt9GBJ4712OoPYg/4062faca94e8e326db8fc84fd7a21f74/carbon_1.png",1784,2066,{"sys":75370,"__typename":9270,"content":75371,"name":75393,"title":59},{"id":74977},{"json":75372},{"data":75373,"content":75374,"nodeType":1739},{},[75375],{"data":75376,"content":75377,"nodeType":866},{},[75378,75382,75390],{"data":75379,"marks":75380,"value":75381,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We wrote about the big variance in app identity security controls ",{"data":75383,"content":75384,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18081},[75385],{"data":75386,"marks":75387,"value":75389,"nodeType":865},{},[75388],{"type":997},"in a recent blog post",{"data":75391,"marks":75392,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA downgrade insight box 2",{"sys":75395,"__typename":12453,"title":75396,"arcadeDemoUrl":75397,"playText":12456},{"id":75162},"How Push stops phishing attacks in the browser","https://demo.arcade.software/SyrZLMa3pLKrNudoaQnD?embed",{"items":75399},[],{},"How attackers are getting around phishing-resistant auth","2025-07-21T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":75404},[75405,76082,76710],{"__typename":1788,"sys":75406,"content":75408,"title":76068,"synopsis":76069,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":76070,"slug":76071,"tagsCollection":76072,"authorsCollection":76078},{"id":75407},"3c9KMXYa1A9rOg61Kmg7j4",{"json":75409},{"data":75410,"content":75411,"nodeType":1739},{},[75412,75455,75462,75469,75500,75507,75510,75518,75538,75544,75551,75558,75565,75568,75576,75583,75603,75610,75616,75619,75627,75634,75702,75709,75712,75720,75727,75734,75836,75843,75846,75853,75882,75889,75892,75899,75906,75926,75933,75936,75943,75950,75956,75963,75969,75976,76019,76026,76033,76036,76044,76051],{"data":75413,"content":75414,"nodeType":866},{},[75415,75419,75427,75430,75439,75442,75451],{"data":75416,"marks":75417,"value":75418,"nodeType":865},{},[],"App-Specific Passwords (ASPs) are a way for users to access applications that do not support MFA or are otherwise incompatible with a platform’s standard login workflows. They are intended to enable a user to login to “legacy” (typically desktop) applications that do not support modern authentication (e.g. OAuth 2.0). For example, you might use this feature to allow a third-party mail client access to an email account by logging in with your ",{"data":75420,"content":75422,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75421},"https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/account-billing/how-to-get-and-use-app-passwords-5896ed9b-4263-e681-128a-a6f2979a7944",[75423],{"data":75424,"marks":75425,"value":18697,"nodeType":865},{},[75426],{"type":997},{"data":75428,"marks":75429,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75431,"content":75433,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75432},"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833?hl=en",[75434],{"data":75435,"marks":75436,"value":75438,"nodeType":865},{},[75437],{"type":997},"Google",{"data":75440,"marks":75441,"value":21450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75443,"content":75445,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75444},"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102654",[75446],{"data":75447,"marks":75448,"value":75450,"nodeType":865},{},[75449],{"type":997},"Apple",{"data":75452,"marks":75453,"value":75454,"nodeType":865},{},[]," account. ",{"data":75456,"content":75457,"nodeType":866},{},[75458],{"data":75459,"marks":75460,"value":75461,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The logic behind this is that it is comparatively more secure than giving your critical IdP password to less secure apps — likely due to the volume of accounts compromised as a result of third-party breaches. It also means that if someone phishes your primary account password that normally has a second factor, that specific password can’t be used without the second factor. ",{"data":75463,"content":75464,"nodeType":866},{},[75465],{"data":75466,"marks":75467,"value":75468,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, if an ASP is acquired by an attacker, it can be used to login to the target app — circumventing phishing-resistant authentication methods such as passkeys, and bypassing MFA checks. It effectively provides a method of sidestepping your preferred login method. So for example, if you're an organization that uses a passwordless login to access your Google Workspace account and has disabled secondary login methods (the gold standard in terms of secure authentication), an ASP gives attackers a way around this. ",{"data":75470,"content":75471,"nodeType":866},{},[75472,75476,75484,75488,75496],{"data":75473,"marks":75474,"value":75475,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With recent evidence of exploitation in the wild in the form of ",{"data":75477,"content":75478,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74261},[75479],{"data":75480,"marks":75481,"value":75483,"nodeType":865},{},[75482],{"type":997},"app-specific password phishing",{"data":75485,"marks":75486,"value":75487,"nodeType":865},{},[],", our latest addition to the ",{"data":75489,"content":75490,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16737},[75491],{"data":75492,"marks":75493,"value":75495,"nodeType":865},{},[75494],{"type":997},"SaaS attacks matrix",{"data":75497,"marks":75498,"value":75499,"nodeType":865},{},[],", it’s important that security teams are aware of this technique, what the risks are, and how to defend against it.  ",{"data":75501,"content":75502,"nodeType":866},{},[75503],{"data":75504,"marks":75505,"value":75506,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a quick look at how this actually works before we dive into the malicious use cases. ",{"data":75508,"content":75509,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75511,"content":75512,"nodeType":963},{},[75513],{"data":75514,"marks":75515,"value":75517,"nodeType":865},{},[75516],{"type":961},"ASPs 101",{"data":75519,"content":75520,"nodeType":866},{},[75521,75525,75534],{"data":75522,"marks":75523,"value":75524,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ASPs are pretty straightforward. You log into your chosen account (e.g. Microsoft, Google, or Apple) and navigate to the ASP creation page — in Google’s case ",{"data":75526,"content":75528,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75527},"http://myaccount.google.com/apppasswords",[75529],{"data":75530,"marks":75531,"value":75533,"nodeType":865},{},[75532],{"type":997},"myaccount.google.com/apppasswords",{"data":75535,"marks":75536,"value":75537,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Then, it’s as simple as typing in a name and hitting the “create” button. ",{"data":75539,"content":75543,"nodeType":925},{"target":75540},{"sys":75541},{"id":75542,"type":922,"linkType":923},"76qanYHiwrSyrkwlYnCuCZ",[],{"data":75545,"content":75546,"nodeType":866},{},[75547],{"data":75548,"marks":75549,"value":75550,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This isn’t actually app-specific in the sense that it’s tied to a specific app at the point of creation, but the idea is that you’d create a unique password for each app you want to log into. ",{"data":75552,"content":75553,"nodeType":866},{},[75554],{"data":75555,"marks":75556,"value":75557,"nodeType":865},{},[],"From this point, you can use the password along with your email address to log into apps normally. It’s important to note that this isn’t available for every app, but is specifically intended for things like third-party email clients. By logging in with an ASP, you are also granting specific permissions to the app. So in the case of Google, you can view, send and delete emails, access contacts, and access the calendar, but you can’t add mail rules, or access other G-Suite apps like Google Drive.   ",{"data":75559,"content":75560,"nodeType":866},{},[75561],{"data":75562,"marks":75563,"value":75564,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s important to note that you can’t use this as a substitute for SSO — e.g. you can’t authenticate to a third-party app like Slack using your Google account with an ASP, so the risk is somewhat limited to basic email functionality. That said, email access gives an attacker plenty to work with, and it’s enough to move laterally to other accounts through password and MFA resets — so there’s plenty of scope to expand the blast radius with a little extra legwork.  ",{"data":75566,"content":75567,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75569,"content":75570,"nodeType":963},{},[75571],{"data":75572,"marks":75573,"value":75575,"nodeType":865},{},[75574],{"type":961},"How ASP phishing works",{"data":75577,"content":75578,"nodeType":866},{},[75579],{"data":75580,"marks":75581,"value":75582,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While logging in with an ASP doesn’t grant an attacker full access to the account, there’s still a lot that an attacker can do with access to email, contact, and calendar information. It’s certainly enough to be used in social engineering attacks impersonating the compromised user, as well as generally monitoring email activity. ",{"data":75584,"content":75585,"nodeType":866},{},[75586,75590,75599],{"data":75587,"marks":75588,"value":75589,"nodeType":865},{},[],"An ",{"data":75591,"content":75593,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75592},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/creative-phishing-academics-critics-of-russia",[75594],{"data":75595,"marks":75596,"value":75598,"nodeType":865},{},[75597],{"type":997},"example of this was recently disclosed",{"data":75600,"marks":75601,"value":75602,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where an expert on Russian information operations was targeted with a sophisticated and personalized social engineering attack, where the attacker was able to establish persistent access to the victim’s mailbox using ASPs by logging into a mail client. ",{"data":75604,"content":75605,"nodeType":866},{},[75606],{"data":75607,"marks":75608,"value":75609,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This involved a sophisticated lure impersonating the US Department of State instructing the victim on how to create and share an ASP with the attacker, granting access to their Google mailbox. ",{"data":75611,"content":75615,"nodeType":925},{"target":75612},{"sys":75613},{"id":75614,"type":922,"linkType":923},"Lt93bzQNcEzg2OoCSrgED",[],{"data":75617,"content":75618,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75620,"content":75621,"nodeType":963},{},[75622],{"data":75623,"marks":75624,"value":75626,"nodeType":865},{},[75625],{"type":961},"Benefits and limitations of ASP phishing",{"data":75628,"content":75629,"nodeType":866},{},[75630],{"data":75631,"marks":75632,"value":75633,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This approach has a few advantages over conventional credential phishing:",{"data":75635,"content":75636,"nodeType":1049},{},[75637,75647,75657,75667],{"data":75638,"content":75639,"nodeType":1003},{},[75640],{"data":75641,"content":75642,"nodeType":866},{},[75643],{"data":75644,"marks":75645,"value":75646,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It completely sidesteps otherwise phishing-resistant login methods such as passkeys, and by design does not require MFA. ",{"data":75648,"content":75649,"nodeType":1003},{},[75650],{"data":75651,"content":75652,"nodeType":866},{},[75653],{"data":75654,"marks":75655,"value":75656,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This kind of attack also naturally doesn’t trigger many typical phishing or malware-based detections. As it’s pure social engineering, there is no malicious link, page, or file to analyse. ",{"data":75658,"content":75659,"nodeType":1003},{},[75660],{"data":75661,"content":75662,"nodeType":866},{},[75663],{"data":75664,"marks":75665,"value":75666,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For less technically aware victims, this might present a more effective alternative to traditional credential phishing — awareness training won’t extend to this kind of use case. ",{"data":75668,"content":75669,"nodeType":1003},{},[75670],{"data":75671,"content":75672,"nodeType":866},{},[75673,75677,75686,75690,75699],{"data":75674,"marks":75675,"value":75676,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While generic security alert emails are generated when an app password is created, visibility of actual login events is limited. For example, ",{"data":75678,"content":75680,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75679},"https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/298128558",[75681],{"data":75682,"marks":75683,"value":75685,"nodeType":865},{},[75684],{"type":997},"Google provides no logs for ASP creation and usage",{"data":75687,"marks":75688,"value":75689,"nodeType":865},{},[],", while ",{"data":75691,"content":75693,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75692},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/authentication/howto-mfa-app-passwords",[75694],{"data":75695,"marks":75696,"value":75698,"nodeType":865},{},[75697],{"type":997},"Microsoft provides no on-premises logging or auditing capability",{"data":75700,"marks":75701,"value":74140,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75703,"content":75704,"nodeType":866},{},[75705],{"data":75706,"marks":75707,"value":75708,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, there are also limitations that will probably see this technique remain a niche choice for attackers. Namely, the complexity of the attack doesn’t necessarily map to the payoff, where it doesn’t result in full account compromise and the permissions/scopes of an ASP login are limited. This means that it lends itself to multi-step attacks, most likely as part of more targeted and stealthy attacks against specific individuals (as seen in the example above). For this reason, attackers are likely to prioritize other methods when they are available. ",{"data":75710,"content":75711,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75713,"content":75714,"nodeType":963},{},[75715],{"data":75716,"marks":75717,"value":75719,"nodeType":865},{},[75718],{"type":961},"Comparing ASPs with other auth bypasses",{"data":75721,"content":75722,"nodeType":866},{},[75723],{"data":75724,"marks":75725,"value":75726,"nodeType":865},{},[],"ASP phishing is part of a growing trend of phishing techniques focused on bypassing conventional authentication. With more organizations investing in phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys/WebAuthn and using SSO as standard, attackers are increasingly looking to circumvent the standard login process entirely. ",{"data":75728,"content":75729,"nodeType":866},{},[75730],{"data":75731,"marks":75732,"value":75733,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Similar phishing approaches designed to circumvent an account’s authentication controls include:",{"data":75735,"content":75736,"nodeType":1049},{},[75737,75759,75788,75807],{"data":75738,"content":75739,"nodeType":1003},{},[75740],{"data":75741,"content":75742,"nodeType":866},{},[75743,75747,75755],{"data":75744,"marks":75745,"value":75746,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing for ",{"data":75748,"content":75749,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74249},[75750],{"data":75751,"marks":75752,"value":75754,"nodeType":865},{},[75753],{"type":997},"API keys",{"data":75756,"marks":75757,"value":75758,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which has the advantage of granting full access to the account, and persisting even if the account password is changed (in contrast, Google resets all ASPs if the account password is changed). ",{"data":75760,"content":75761,"nodeType":1003},{},[75762],{"data":75763,"content":75764,"nodeType":866},{},[75765,75768,75775,75778,75785],{"data":75766,"marks":75767,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75769,"content":75770,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68877},[75771],{"data":75772,"marks":75773,"value":68884,"nodeType":865},{},[75774],{"type":997},{"data":75776,"marks":75777,"value":75237,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75779,"content":75780,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75240},[75781],{"data":75782,"marks":75783,"value":75246,"nodeType":865},{},[75784],{"type":997},{"data":75786,"marks":75787,"value":75250,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75789,"content":75790,"nodeType":1003},{},[75791],{"data":75792,"content":75793,"nodeType":866},{},[75794,75797,75804],{"data":75795,"marks":75796,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75798,"content":75799,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18506},[75800],{"data":75801,"marks":75802,"value":360,"nodeType":865},{},[75803],{"type":997},{"data":75805,"marks":75806,"value":75270,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75808,"content":75809,"nodeType":1003},{},[75810],{"data":75811,"content":75812,"nodeType":866},{},[75813,75816,75823,75826,75833],{"data":75814,"marks":75815,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75817,"content":75818,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74284},[75819],{"data":75820,"marks":75821,"value":75287,"nodeType":865},{},[75822],{"type":997},{"data":75824,"marks":75825,"value":75291,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75827,"content":75828,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75294},[75829],{"data":75830,"marks":75831,"value":75300,"nodeType":865},{},[75832],{"type":997},{"data":75834,"marks":75835,"value":75304,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75837,"content":75838,"nodeType":866},{},[75839],{"data":75840,"marks":75841,"value":75842,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clearly, ASP phishing is part of a much bigger trend in which attackers are moving away from conventional phishing tactics in order to sidestep the authentication process. ",{"data":75844,"content":75845,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75847,"content":75848,"nodeType":963},{},[75849],{"data":75850,"marks":75851,"value":72105,"nodeType":865},{},[75852],{"type":961},{"data":75854,"content":75855,"nodeType":866},{},[75856,75860,75867,75871,75878],{"data":75857,"marks":75858,"value":75859,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There is a common misconception that adopting SSO-based logins, with a locked-down IdP account is an identity security silver bullet. The reality is that identity, authentication, and authorization is a complex and little-understood space. Even with SSO, there are ",{"data":75861,"content":75862,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56515},[75863],{"data":75864,"marks":75865,"value":10345,"nodeType":865},{},[75866],{"type":997},{"data":75868,"marks":75869,"value":75870,"nodeType":865},{},[],", backup login and MFA methods susceptible to ",{"data":75872,"content":75873,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74744},[75874],{"data":75875,"marks":75876,"value":68731,"nodeType":865},{},[75877],{"type":997},{"data":75879,"marks":75880,"value":75881,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and as we’ve seen with ASP phishing and similar techniques, many, many more ways to compromise an identity. ",{"data":75883,"content":75884,"nodeType":866},{},[75885],{"data":75886,"marks":75887,"value":75888,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security teams need to approach the complexity of identity security with their eyes open to reality. Without a full picture of how your various workforce identities can be accessed by your users, exploitable gaps will inevitably be left for attackers to take advantage of. ",{"data":75890,"content":75891,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75893,"content":75894,"nodeType":963},{},[75895],{"data":75896,"marks":75897,"value":53179,"nodeType":865},{},[75898],{"type":961},{"data":75900,"content":75901,"nodeType":866},{},[75902],{"data":75903,"marks":75904,"value":75905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Given the logging challenges relating to ASP creation and use, the best option is to prevent ASPs from being created in the first place. ",{"data":75907,"content":75908,"nodeType":866},{},[75909,75913,75922],{"data":75910,"marks":75911,"value":75912,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By default, users can't create app passwords in Microsoft. The app passwords feature must be enabled before users can use them. To check if this option is turned on, ",{"data":75914,"content":75916,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75915},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/entra/identity/authentication/howto-mfa-app-passwords",[75917],{"data":75918,"marks":75919,"value":75921,"nodeType":865},{},[75920],{"type":997},"you can see and toggle the setting in Entra",{"data":75923,"marks":75924,"value":75925,"nodeType":865},{},[]," by browsing to Conditional Access > Named locations > Configure MFA trusted IPs > Multifactor authentication page > Allow users to create app passwords to sign in to non-browser apps option.",{"data":75927,"content":75928,"nodeType":866},{},[75929],{"data":75930,"marks":75931,"value":75932,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Apple and Google ASPs can’t be disabled in the same way… but don’t worry. That’s where Push comes in. ",{"data":75934,"content":75935,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":75937,"content":75938,"nodeType":963},{},[75939],{"data":75940,"marks":75941,"value":3604,"nodeType":865},{},[75942],{"type":961},{"data":75944,"content":75945,"nodeType":866},{},[75946],{"data":75947,"marks":75948,"value":75949,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re working on adding visibility for ASPs being created, but users of our browser-based security platform can use existing features to prevent ASP phishing. Realistically, there’s no good reason for the average user to be configuring ASPs. So, you can use our URL blocking feature to prevent employees from accessing the pages for ASP creation on relevant apps. ",{"data":75951,"content":75955,"nodeType":925},{"target":75952},{"sys":75953},{"id":75954,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5i0Ou5a27XOt7gxJo9cu0P",[],{"data":75957,"content":75958,"nodeType":866},{},[75959],{"data":75960,"marks":75961,"value":75962,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a user tries to access the page, they’ll see this message instead and a security alert will be generated. ",{"data":75964,"content":75968,"nodeType":925},{"target":75965},{"sys":75966},{"id":75967,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7nsimiWtv5XOuKkE9wL3A3",[],{"data":75970,"content":75971,"nodeType":866},{},[75972],{"data":75973,"marks":75974,"value":75975,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It is recommended that you block the following URLs for Google and Apple:",{"data":75977,"content":75978,"nodeType":1049},{},[75979,75998],{"data":75980,"content":75981,"nodeType":1003},{},[75982],{"data":75983,"content":75984,"nodeType":866},{},[75985,75988,75995],{"data":75986,"marks":75987,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75989,"content":75990,"nodeType":882},{"uri":75527},[75991],{"data":75992,"marks":75993,"value":75533,"nodeType":865},{},[75994],{"type":997},{"data":75996,"marks":75997,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":75999,"content":76000,"nodeType":1003},{},[76001],{"data":76002,"content":76003,"nodeType":866},{},[76004,76007,76016],{"data":76005,"marks":76006,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76008,"content":76010,"nodeType":882},{"uri":76009},"http://appleid.apple.com/account/manage/security/secondary-password",[76011],{"data":76012,"marks":76013,"value":76015,"nodeType":865},{},[76014],{"type":997},"appleid.apple.com/account/manage/security/secondary-password",{"data":76017,"marks":76018,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76020,"content":76021,"nodeType":866},{},[76022],{"data":76023,"marks":76024,"value":76025,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unfortunately, there is no specific link to the Microsoft creation page — but as established above, this should not be enabled by default in Microsoft. ",{"data":76027,"content":76028,"nodeType":866},{},[76029],{"data":76030,"marks":76031,"value":76032,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you encounter any more apps which allow ASPs, you can similarly add the specific ASP creation page to the list of blocked URLs.",{"data":76034,"content":76035,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":76037,"content":76038,"nodeType":963},{},[76039],{"data":76040,"marks":76041,"value":76043,"nodeType":865},{},[76042],{"type":961},"Want to learn more about Push?",{"data":76045,"content":76046,"nodeType":866},{},[76047],{"data":76048,"marks":76049,"value":76050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And that’s not all — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":76052,"content":76053,"nodeType":866},{},[76054,76057,76065],{"data":76055,"marks":76056,"value":73179,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76058,"content":76060,"nodeType":882},{"uri":76059},"https://pushsecurity.com/",[76061],{"data":76062,"marks":76063,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[76064],{"type":997},{"data":76066,"marks":76067,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],"App-Specific Password phishing: another novel way to get around passkeys and MFA","How App-Specific Password phishing is being used in the wild to bypass phishing-resistant authentication controls like passkeys. ","2025-06-26T00:00:00.000Z","app-specific-password-phishing",{"items":76073},[76074,76076],{"sys":76075,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":76077,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":76079},[76080],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":76081},{"url":11434},{"__typename":1788,"sys":76083,"content":76085,"title":76697,"synopsis":76698,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":76070,"slug":76699,"tagsCollection":76700,"authorsCollection":76706},{"id":76084},"XQHcBu5kiSBd6MMwICYI4",{"json":76086},{"data":76087,"content":76088,"nodeType":1739},{},[76089,76096,76103,76111,76140,76147,76153,76156,76164,76171,76178,76221,76228,76235,76238,76246,76253,76260,76267,76285,76292,76298,76306,76313,76320,76327,76333,76336,76344,76352,76359,76367,76374,76436,76443,76451,76458,76491,76499,76506,76514,76521,76529,76536,76589,76596,76599,76607,76614,76631,76664,76685,76691],{"data":76090,"content":76091,"nodeType":866},{},[76092],{"data":76093,"marks":76094,"value":76095,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing has undergone a radical transformation. The laughably bad emails and fake PayPal logins of the past have given way to sophisticated campaigns engineered to slip through even the most hardened security stacks. ",{"data":76097,"content":76098,"nodeType":866},{},[76099],{"data":76100,"marks":76101,"value":76102,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Today’s phishing attacks are faster, more adaptable, and harder to catch with traditional tools. Email filters and threat intel still play an important role, but they’re often reacting to threats that are already in motion, and by the time a phishing link is flagged and blocklisted, someone has probably already clicked — and the attacker has moved onto their next set of links.",{"data":76104,"content":76105,"nodeType":866},{},[76106],{"data":76107,"marks":76108,"value":76110,"nodeType":865},{},[76109],{"type":961},"The problem isn’t that phishing has evolved. It’s that our defenses haven’t.",{"data":76112,"content":76113,"nodeType":866},{},[76114,76118,76127,76131,76136],{"data":76115,"marks":76116,"value":76117,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s where ",{"data":76119,"content":76121,"nodeType":882},{"uri":76120},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/zero-day-phishing-protection",[76122],{"data":76123,"marks":76124,"value":76126,"nodeType":865},{},[76125],{"type":997},"Push Security",{"data":76128,"marks":76129,"value":76130,"nodeType":865},{},[]," comes in. By embedding real-time detection directly into the browser, the very place where phishing attacks unfold, Push offers a fundamentally new way to stop phishing: ",{"data":76132,"marks":76133,"value":76135,"nodeType":865},{},[76134],{"type":944},"as it happens",{"data":76137,"marks":76138,"value":76139,"nodeType":865},{},[],", regardless of whether or not the exact attack has ever been seen before. ",{"data":76141,"content":76142,"nodeType":866},{},[76143],{"data":76144,"marks":76145,"value":76146,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Check out the video to see how it works. ",{"data":76148,"content":76152,"nodeType":925},{"target":76149},{"sys":76150},{"id":76151,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4LaKobadjp19jjocLXcW4E",[],{"data":76154,"content":76155,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":76157,"content":76158,"nodeType":963},{},[76159],{"data":76160,"marks":76161,"value":76163,"nodeType":865},{},[76162],{"type":961},"The modern phishing playground",{"data":76165,"content":76166,"nodeType":866},{},[76167],{"data":76168,"marks":76169,"value":76170,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing attacks today look nothing like the blunt instruments of a few years ago. These are fast, customized, and often completely ephemeral. A phishing domain might go live at 9 a.m., compromise scores of credentials, and be gone before lunch, long before it ever hits a threat intel feed.",{"data":76172,"content":76173,"nodeType":866},{},[76174],{"data":76175,"marks":76176,"value":76177,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modern attackers use:",{"data":76179,"content":76180,"nodeType":1049},{},[76181,76191,76201,76211],{"data":76182,"content":76183,"nodeType":1003},{},[76184],{"data":76185,"content":76186,"nodeType":866},{},[76187],{"data":76188,"marks":76189,"value":76190,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Dynamic content and user-adaptive emails that can be easily changed based on the target’s identity and environment.",{"data":76192,"content":76193,"nodeType":1003},{},[76194],{"data":76195,"content":76196,"nodeType":866},{},[76197],{"data":76198,"marks":76199,"value":76200,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Obfuscated URLs hidden behind trusted services (like Google Sites), making reputation analysis less than reliable.",{"data":76202,"content":76203,"nodeType":1003},{},[76204],{"data":76205,"content":76206,"nodeType":866},{},[76207],{"data":76208,"marks":76209,"value":76210,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Real-time proxying tools to clone login flows and harvest credentials.",{"data":76212,"content":76213,"nodeType":1003},{},[76214],{"data":76215,"content":76216,"nodeType":866},{},[76217],{"data":76218,"marks":76219,"value":76220,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Rapid-fire infrastructure rotation, making the attack’s infrastructure almost impossible to track in time.",{"data":76222,"content":76223,"nodeType":866},{},[76224],{"data":76225,"marks":76226,"value":76227,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These attacks often bypass traditional defenses entirely, not because the tools are broken, but because they were designed for a different era, one where phishing pages lived for days or weeks, not minutes.",{"data":76229,"content":76230,"nodeType":866},{},[76231],{"data":76232,"marks":76233,"value":76234,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s not enough to know what was bad yesterday. You need to know what’s happening now.",{"data":76236,"content":76237,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":76239,"content":76240,"nodeType":963},{},[76241],{"data":76242,"marks":76243,"value":76245,"nodeType":865},{},[76244],{"type":961},"Why blocklists and perimeter defenses are falling behind",{"data":76247,"content":76248,"nodeType":866},{},[76249],{"data":76250,"marks":76251,"value":76252,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The security ecosystem has long depended on reputation-based systems: block the known bad, allow the rest. That worked when attackers reused infrastructure and relied on mass campaigns. Today’s adversaries have adapted.",{"data":76254,"content":76255,"nodeType":866},{},[76256],{"data":76257,"marks":76258,"value":76259,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Consider a scenario similar to the one from our video:",{"data":76261,"content":76262,"nodeType":866},{},[76263],{"data":76264,"marks":76265,"value":76266,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A staff member receives an email appearing to be from Microsoft Teams. It includes dynamic content that mirrors their actual environment, including their username, company logo, and real collaboration data. The embedded link takes them to a cloned Microsoft login page hosted on a benign-looking subdomain. The site is brand new. It’s not on any blocklist. Your email filter passes it. The employee logs in. Credentials and session tokens? Gone.",{"data":76268,"content":76269,"nodeType":866},{},[76270,76274,76281],{"data":76271,"marks":76272,"value":76273,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And that’s just step one. The attacker now pivots to connected apps like ",{"data":76275,"content":76276,"nodeType":882},{"uri":27852},[76277],{"data":76278,"marks":76279,"value":72063,"nodeType":865},{},[76280],{"type":997},{"data":76282,"marks":76283,"value":76284,"nodeType":865},{},[],", Confluence, or AWS, moving laterally through your cloud environment using the compromised credentials.",{"data":76286,"content":76287,"nodeType":866},{},[76288],{"data":76289,"marks":76290,"value":76291,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Traditional tools often miss these threats not due to a lack of sophistication, but because they’re looking from the outside in. The browser is where the attack actually unfolds. Without visibility there, key indicators of compromise go undetected.",{"data":76293,"content":76297,"nodeType":925},{"target":76294},{"sys":76295},{"id":76296,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1UGu43QxCiYofkeGtOMp5J",[],{"data":76299,"content":76300,"nodeType":963},{},[76301],{"data":76302,"marks":76303,"value":76305,"nodeType":865},{},[76304],{"type":961},"Rethinking where phishing defense happens",{"data":76307,"content":76308,"nodeType":866},{},[76309],{"data":76310,"marks":76311,"value":76312,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push changes where phishing protection happens, from upstream detection to point-of-interaction control. Instead of chasing malicious links through email gateways or external threat feeds, Push embeds lightweight, always-on protection directly, as users go about their work in the browser.",{"data":76314,"content":76315,"nodeType":866},{},[76316],{"data":76317,"marks":76318,"value":76319,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push monitors what’s happening in each session: how pages are built, how they behave, and how users interact with them. That means it can recognize when a login prompt doesn’t match your identity provider or when a script behaves like part of a phishing toolkit.",{"data":76321,"content":76322,"nodeType":866},{},[76323],{"data":76324,"marks":76325,"value":76326,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When Push identifies something suspicious, it takes action right away. Logins are interrupted before any data is exposed. Users get clear guidance in-browser. And security teams receive detailed telemetry that shows exactly what happened, who was targeted, and how the threat was stopped.",{"data":76328,"content":76332,"nodeType":925},{"target":76329},{"sys":76330},{"id":76331,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7Hu3kypFWwJAGOuQp0kYmU",[],{"data":76334,"content":76335,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":76337,"content":76338,"nodeType":963},{},[76339],{"data":76340,"marks":76341,"value":76343,"nodeType":865},{},[76342],{"type":961},"The benefits of browser-native phishing defense",{"data":76345,"content":76346,"nodeType":1458},{},[76347],{"data":76348,"marks":76349,"value":76351,"nodeType":865},{},[76350],{"type":961},"True zero-day protection",{"data":76353,"content":76354,"nodeType":866},{},[76355],{"data":76356,"marks":76357,"value":76358,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push doesn’t rely on known indicators of compromise. It evaluates the actual behavior and context of every session in real-time. Whether the phishing site was created 5 months ago or 5 minutes ago is irrelevant — Push detects it and shuts it down.",{"data":76360,"content":76361,"nodeType":1458},{},[76362],{"data":76363,"marks":76364,"value":76366,"nodeType":865},{},[76365],{"type":961},"Contextual threat detection",{"data":76368,"content":76369,"nodeType":866},{},[76370],{"data":76371,"marks":76372,"value":76373,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because Push operates in the browser, it sees everything:",{"data":76375,"content":76376,"nodeType":1049},{},[76377,76387,76397,76416,76426],{"data":76378,"content":76379,"nodeType":1003},{},[76380],{"data":76381,"content":76382,"nodeType":866},{},[76383],{"data":76384,"marks":76385,"value":76386,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The page layout",{"data":76388,"content":76389,"nodeType":1003},{},[76390],{"data":76391,"content":76392,"nodeType":866},{},[76393],{"data":76394,"marks":76395,"value":76396,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Where the user came from",{"data":76398,"content":76399,"nodeType":1003},{},[76400],{"data":76401,"content":76402,"nodeType":866},{},[76403,76406,76413],{"data":76404,"marks":76405,"value":74482,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76407,"content":76408,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73040},[76409],{"data":76410,"marks":76411,"value":74490,"nodeType":865},{},[76412],{"type":997},{"data":76414,"marks":76415,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76417,"content":76418,"nodeType":1003},{},[76419],{"data":76420,"content":76421,"nodeType":866},{},[76422],{"data":76423,"marks":76424,"value":76425,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What scripts are running",{"data":76427,"content":76428,"nodeType":1003},{},[76429],{"data":76430,"content":76431,"nodeType":866},{},[76432],{"data":76433,"marks":76434,"value":76435,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And where credentials are being sent",{"data":76437,"content":76438,"nodeType":866},{},[76439],{"data":76440,"marks":76441,"value":76442,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This context enables Push to stop even well-camouflaged phishing attempts, including AitM attacks that bypass MFA.",{"data":76444,"content":76445,"nodeType":1458},{},[76446],{"data":76447,"marks":76448,"value":76450,"nodeType":865},{},[76449],{"type":961},"Real-time interception of malicious activity",{"data":76452,"content":76453,"nodeType":866},{},[76454],{"data":76455,"marks":76456,"value":76457,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As soon as a phishing attempt is confirmed, the response is immediate:",{"data":76459,"content":76460,"nodeType":1049},{},[76461,76471,76481],{"data":76462,"content":76463,"nodeType":1003},{},[76464],{"data":76465,"content":76466,"nodeType":866},{},[76467],{"data":76468,"marks":76469,"value":76470,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credential entry is halted.",{"data":76472,"content":76473,"nodeType":1003},{},[76474],{"data":76475,"content":76476,"nodeType":866},{},[76477],{"data":76478,"marks":76479,"value":76480,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Sessions are revoked.",{"data":76482,"content":76483,"nodeType":1003},{},[76484],{"data":76485,"content":76486,"nodeType":866},{},[76487],{"data":76488,"marks":76489,"value":76490,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The user is protected without delay.",{"data":76492,"content":76493,"nodeType":1458},{},[76494],{"data":76495,"marks":76496,"value":76498,"nodeType":865},{},[76497],{"type":961},"Reduced incident response overhead",{"data":76500,"content":76501,"nodeType":866},{},[76502],{"data":76503,"marks":76504,"value":76505,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most phishing attacks end in hours of IR and expensive cleanup. With Push, attacks don’t escalate beyond the initial click. That means fewer compromised accounts, fewer escalations, and less fatigue on your security team.",{"data":76507,"content":76508,"nodeType":1458},{},[76509],{"data":76510,"marks":76511,"value":76513,"nodeType":865},{},[76512],{"type":961},"Empowered, educated users",{"data":76515,"content":76516,"nodeType":866},{},[76517],{"data":76518,"marks":76519,"value":76520,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push doesn’t just block phishing; it helps users learn from it. When someone interacts with a suspicious page, they get clear, actionable feedback right in the browser. Over time, these in-the-moment cues help build stronger phishing awareness across your workforce. Employee-facing messages are fully customizable to match the tone and style of your organization.",{"data":76522,"content":76523,"nodeType":1458},{},[76524],{"data":76525,"marks":76526,"value":76528,"nodeType":865},{},[76527],{"type":961},"A new paradigm for identity security",{"data":76530,"content":76531,"nodeType":866},{},[76532],{"data":76533,"marks":76534,"value":76535,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While phishing detection is core, Push also helps you defend your entire browser-based identity attack surface. That means protecting against other common forms of account compromise, like:",{"data":76537,"content":76538,"nodeType":1049},{},[76539,76549,76559,76569,76579],{"data":76540,"content":76541,"nodeType":1003},{},[76542],{"data":76543,"content":76544,"nodeType":866},{},[76545],{"data":76546,"marks":76547,"value":76548,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Employees using breached or reused passwords",{"data":76550,"content":76551,"nodeType":1003},{},[76552],{"data":76553,"content":76554,"nodeType":866},{},[76555],{"data":76556,"marks":76557,"value":76558,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Missing or misconfigured MFA",{"data":76560,"content":76561,"nodeType":1003},{},[76562],{"data":76563,"content":76564,"nodeType":866},{},[76565],{"data":76566,"marks":76567,"value":76568,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins that bypass your identity provider",{"data":76570,"content":76571,"nodeType":1003},{},[76572],{"data":76573,"content":76574,"nodeType":866},{},[76575],{"data":76576,"marks":76577,"value":76578,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Token-based session hijacking",{"data":76580,"content":76581,"nodeType":1003},{},[76582],{"data":76583,"content":76584,"nodeType":866},{},[76585],{"data":76586,"marks":76587,"value":76588,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Shadow SaaS usage",{"data":76590,"content":76591,"nodeType":866},{},[76592],{"data":76593,"marks":76594,"value":76595,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because Push runs directly in the browser, it gives you visibility across every app your employees access, whether it’s officially managed or not. And it doesn’t just alert, it actively helps you fix the issues, guiding users to take action when risks are found.",{"data":76597,"content":76598,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":76600,"content":76601,"nodeType":963},{},[76602],{"data":76603,"marks":76604,"value":76606,"nodeType":865},{},[76605],{"type":961},"Modern phishing requires a modern defense",{"data":76608,"content":76609,"nodeType":866},{},[76610],{"data":76611,"marks":76612,"value":76613,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing is no longer an email problem. It’s not even just a domain reputation problem. It’s an identity attack problem, and the only place you can see those attacks in action is inside the browser.",{"data":76615,"content":76616,"nodeType":866},{},[76617,76621,76628],{"data":76618,"marks":76619,"value":76620,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push Security gives you a new advantage: proactive, in-browser protection against modern phishing campaigns — ",{"data":76622,"content":76623,"nodeType":882},{"uri":76120},[76624],{"data":76625,"marks":76626,"value":76627,"nodeType":865},{},[],"even those with never-before-seen phishing sites",{"data":76629,"marks":76630,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76632,"content":76633,"nodeType":1049},{},[76634,76644,76654],{"data":76635,"content":76636,"nodeType":1003},{},[76637],{"data":76638,"content":76639,"nodeType":866},{},[76640],{"data":76641,"marks":76642,"value":76643,"nodeType":865},{},[],"See the phish happen.",{"data":76645,"content":76646,"nodeType":1003},{},[76647],{"data":76648,"content":76649,"nodeType":866},{},[76650],{"data":76651,"marks":76652,"value":76653,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stop it in real time.",{"data":76655,"content":76656,"nodeType":1003},{},[76657],{"data":76658,"content":76659,"nodeType":866},{},[76660],{"data":76661,"marks":76662,"value":76663,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Keep your workforce identities safe.",{"data":76665,"content":76666,"nodeType":866},{},[76667,76672,76680],{"data":76668,"marks":76669,"value":76671,"nodeType":865},{},[76670],{"type":961},"Want to see Push in action? ",{"data":76673,"content":76674,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13728},[76675],{"data":76676,"marks":76677,"value":76679,"nodeType":865},{},[76678],{"type":961},"Book a demo",{"data":76681,"marks":76682,"value":76684,"nodeType":865},{},[76683],{"type":961}," and watch a real-time phishing attack get stopped mid-flow.",{"data":76686,"content":76690,"nodeType":925},{"target":76687},{"sys":76688},{"id":76689,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7eSsPjEj178j3ViloaChbQ",[],{"data":76692,"content":76693,"nodeType":866},{},[76694],{"data":76695,"marks":76696,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"How browser-level controls change the fight against phishing","Attackers are routinely defeating conventional email, network, and endpoint-based security controls. Here's how browser controls can level the playing field.","how-browser-level-controls-change-the-fight-against-phishing",{"items":76701},[76702,76704],{"sys":76703,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":76705,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":76707},[76708],{"fullName":8448,"firstName":8449,"jobTitle":3776,"profilePicture":76709},{"url":8451},{"__typename":1788,"sys":76711,"content":76713,"title":77360,"synopsis":77361,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":77362,"slug":77363,"tagsCollection":77364,"authorsCollection":77370},{"id":76712},"3dtvtDQdcQ6fAW7CB8VOFP",{"json":76714},{"data":76715,"content":76716,"nodeType":1739},{},[76717,76724,76731,76738,76741,76749,76756,76776,76809,76815,76835,76841,76866,76869,76877,76884,76899,76914,76920,76927,76934,76940,76956,76959,76967,76974,76981,76988,76995,76998,77006,77013,77020,77040,77047,77055,77097,77104,77110,77117,77123,77130,77133,77141,77156,77163,77205,77217,77220,77228,77235,77242,77275,77282,77302,77308,77314,77317,77324,77331,77348,77354],{"data":76718,"content":76719,"nodeType":866},{},[76720],{"data":76721,"marks":76722,"value":76723,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing attacks remain a huge challenge for organizations in 2025. In fact, with attackers increasingly leveraging identity-based techniques over software exploits, phishing arguably poses a bigger threat than ever before. ",{"data":76725,"content":76726,"nodeType":866},{},[76727],{"data":76728,"marks":76729,"value":76730,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are turning to identity attacks like phishing because they can achieve all of the same objectives as they would in a traditional endpoint or network attack, simply by logging into a victim’s account. And with organizations now using hundreds of internet apps across their workforce, the scope of accounts that can be phished or targeted with stolen credentials has grown exponentially. ",{"data":76732,"content":76733,"nodeType":866},{},[76734],{"data":76735,"marks":76736,"value":76737,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With MFA-bypassing phishing kits the new normal, capable of phishing accounts protected by SMS, OTP, and push-based methods, detection controls are being put under constant pressure as prevention controls fall short. ",{"data":76739,"content":76740,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":76742,"content":76743,"nodeType":963},{},[76744],{"data":76745,"marks":76746,"value":76748,"nodeType":865},{},[76747],{"type":961},"Attackers are bypassing detection controls",{"data":76750,"content":76751,"nodeType":866},{},[76752],{"data":76753,"marks":76754,"value":76755,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The majority of phishing detection and control enforcement is focused at the email and network layer — typically at the Secure Email Gateway (SEG), Secure Web Gateway (SWG)/proxy, or both. ",{"data":76757,"content":76758,"nodeType":866},{},[76759,76763,76772],{"data":76760,"marks":76761,"value":76762,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But attackers know this, ",{"data":76764,"content":76766,"nodeType":882},{"uri":76765},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/",[76767],{"data":76768,"marks":76769,"value":76771,"nodeType":865},{},[76770],{"type":997},"and are taking steps to avoid these controls",{"data":76773,"marks":76774,"value":76775,"nodeType":865},{},[],", by:",{"data":76777,"content":76778,"nodeType":1049},{},[76779,76789,76799],{"data":76780,"content":76781,"nodeType":1003},{},[76782],{"data":76783,"content":76784,"nodeType":866},{},[76785],{"data":76786,"marks":76787,"value":76788,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Routinely evading IoC driven blocklists by dynamically rotating and updating commonly signatured elements like IPs, domains, and URLs.",{"data":76790,"content":76791,"nodeType":1003},{},[76792],{"data":76793,"content":76794,"nodeType":866},{},[76795],{"data":76796,"marks":76797,"value":76798,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Preventing analysis of their phishing pages by implementing bot protection like CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile alongside other detection evasion methods. ",{"data":76800,"content":76801,"nodeType":1003},{},[76802],{"data":76803,"content":76804,"nodeType":866},{},[76805],{"data":76806,"marks":76807,"value":76808,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Changing visual and DOM elements on the page so that even when the page is loaded, detection signatures may fail to trigger.  ",{"data":76810,"content":76814,"nodeType":925},{"target":76811},{"sys":76812},{"id":76813,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5w44LsamEfcwSACx3MA997",[],{"data":76816,"content":76817,"nodeType":866},{},[76818,76822,76831],{"data":76819,"marks":76820,"value":76821,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And in fact, by launching multi- and cross-channel attacks, attackers are evading email-based controls entirely. Just see ",{"data":76823,"content":76825,"nodeType":882},{"uri":76824},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[76826],{"data":76827,"marks":76828,"value":76830,"nodeType":865},{},[76829],{"type":997},"this recent example",{"data":76832,"marks":76833,"value":76834,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where attackers impersonating Onfido delivered their phishing attack via malicious Google ads (aka malvertising) — bypassing email altogether. ",{"data":76836,"content":76840,"nodeType":925},{"target":76837},{"sys":76838},{"id":76839,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3sGmVHl1Rwjyw3TMZSYuy4",[],{"data":76842,"content":76843,"nodeType":866},{},[76844,76848,76853,76857,76862],{"data":76845,"marks":76846,"value":76847,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s worth pointing out the limitations of email-based solutions here too. Email has some additional checks around the sender’s reputation and things like DMARC/DKIM, but these don’t actually identify malicious ",{"data":76849,"marks":76850,"value":76852,"nodeType":865},{},[76851],{"type":961},"pages",{"data":76854,"marks":76855,"value":76856,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Similarly, some modern email solutions are doing much deeper analysis of the ",{"data":76858,"marks":76859,"value":76861,"nodeType":865},{},[76860],{"type":961},"content",{"data":76863,"marks":76864,"value":76865,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of an email. But… that doesn’t really help with identifying the phishing sites themselves (just indicates that one might be linked in the email). This is much more appropriate for BEC-style attacks where the goal is to social engineer the victim, as opposed to linking them to a malicious page. And this still doesn’t help with attacks launched over different mediums as we’ve highlighted above.",{"data":76867,"content":76868,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":76870,"content":76871,"nodeType":963},{},[76872],{"data":76873,"marks":76874,"value":76876,"nodeType":865},{},[76875],{"type":961},"How browser-based detection and response can level the playing field",{"data":76878,"content":76879,"nodeType":866},{},[76880],{"data":76881,"marks":76882,"value":76883,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most phishing attacks involve the delivery of a malicious link to a user. The user clicks the link and loads a malicious page. In the vast majority of cases, the malicious page is a login portal for a specific website, where the goal for the attacker is to steal the victim’s account.",{"data":76885,"content":76886,"nodeType":866},{},[76887,76891,76895],{"data":76888,"marks":76889,"value":76890,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These attacks are happening pretty much exclusively in the victim’s browser. So rather than building more email or network based controls looking from the outside-in at phishing pages accessed in the browser, there’s a huge opportunity presented by building phishing detection and response capabilities ",{"data":76892,"marks":76893,"value":8884,"nodeType":865},{},[76894],{"type":944},{"data":76896,"marks":76897,"value":76898,"nodeType":865},{},[]," the browser. ",{"data":76900,"content":76901,"nodeType":866},{},[76902,76906,76911],{"data":76903,"marks":76904,"value":76905,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we look at the history of detection and response, this makes a lot of sense. When endpoint attacks skyrocketed in the late 2000s / early 2010s, they took advantage of the fact that defenders were trying to detect malware with primarily network-based detections, signature-based analysis of files, and running files in sandboxes (which was reliably defeated with sandbox-aware malware and using things as simple as putting an execution delay in the code). But this gave way to EDR, which presented a better way of observing and intercepting malicious software in ",{"data":76907,"marks":76908,"value":76910,"nodeType":865},{},[76909],{"type":961},"real-time",{"data":76912,"marks":76913,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":76915,"content":76919,"nodeType":925},{"target":76916},{"sys":76917},{"id":76918,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1KFwJvbIMiWHb1erWlljZf",[],{"data":76921,"content":76922,"nodeType":866},{},[76923],{"data":76924,"marks":76925,"value":76926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The key here was getting inside the data stream to be able to observe activity in real-time on the endpoint. ",{"data":76928,"content":76929,"nodeType":866},{},[76930],{"data":76931,"marks":76932,"value":76933,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re in a similar position today. Modern phishing attacks are happening on web pages accessed via the browser, and the tools we’re relying on — email, network, even endpoint — don’t have the required visibility. They’re looking from the outside-in. ",{"data":76935,"content":76939,"nodeType":925},{"target":76936},{"sys":76937},{"id":76938,"type":922,"linkType":923},"59t6AcjpRjs3VQQXQO3PWu",[],{"data":76941,"content":76942,"nodeType":866},{},[76943,76947,76952],{"data":76944,"marks":76945,"value":76946,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But what if we could do detection and response from ",{"data":76948,"marks":76949,"value":76951,"nodeType":865},{},[76950],{"type":961},"inside the browser?",{"data":76953,"marks":76954,"value":76955,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Here’s three reasons why the browser is best for stopping phishing attacks:",{"data":76957,"content":76958,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":76960,"content":76961,"nodeType":963},{},[76962],{"data":76963,"marks":76964,"value":76966,"nodeType":865},{},[76965],{"type":961},"#1: Analyze pages, not links",{"data":76968,"content":76969,"nodeType":866},{},[76970],{"data":76971,"marks":76972,"value":76973,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Common phishing detections rely on the analysis of links or static HTML as opposed to malicious pages. Modern phishing pages are no longer static HTML — like most other modern web pages, these are dynamic web apps rendered in the browser, with JavaScript dynamically rewriting the page and launching the malicious content. This means that most basic, static checks fail to identify the malicious content running on the page. ",{"data":76975,"content":76976,"nodeType":866},{},[76977],{"data":76978,"marks":76979,"value":76980,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Without deeper analysis, you’re reliant on analyzing things like domains, URLs and IP addresses against known-bad blocklists. But these are all highly disposable. Attackers are buying them in bulk, constantly taking over legitimate domains, and generally planning for the fact that they’ll get through a lot of them. Modern phishing architecture is also able to dynamically rotate and update the links served to visitors from a continually refreshed pool (so every person that clicks the link gets served a different URL) and even going as far as using things like one-time magic links (which also means that any security team members trying to investigate the page later won’t be able to do so). ",{"data":76982,"content":76983,"nodeType":866},{},[76984],{"data":76985,"marks":76986,"value":76987,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ultimately, this means that blocklists just aren’t that effective — because it’s trivial for attackers to change the indicators being used to create detections. If you think about the Pyramid of Pain, these indicators sit right at the bottom — the kind of thing we’ve been moving away from for years in the endpoint security world.  ",{"data":76989,"content":76990,"nodeType":866},{},[76991],{"data":76992,"marks":76993,"value":76994,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But in the browser, you can observe the rendered web page in all its glory. With much deeper visibility of the page (and its malicious elements) you can…",{"data":76996,"content":76997,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":76999,"content":77000,"nodeType":963},{},[77001],{"data":77002,"marks":77003,"value":77005,"nodeType":865},{},[77004],{"type":961},"#2: Detect TTPs, not IoCs",{"data":77007,"content":77008,"nodeType":866},{},[77009],{"data":77010,"marks":77011,"value":77012,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Even where TTP-based detections are in play, they’re typically reliant on either piecing together network requests, or loading the page in a sandbox. ",{"data":77014,"content":77015,"nodeType":866},{},[77016],{"data":77017,"marks":77018,"value":77019,"nodeType":865},{},[],"However, attackers are getting pretty good at evading sandbox analysis — simply by implementing bot protection by requiring user interaction with a CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile. Even if you can get past Turnstile, then you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, and execute JavaScript, to be served the malicious page. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":77021,"content":77022,"nodeType":866},{},[77023,77027,77036],{"data":77024,"marks":77025,"value":77026,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And if all this wasn’t enough, ",{"data":77028,"content":77030,"nodeType":882},{"uri":77029},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[77031],{"data":77032,"marks":77033,"value":77035,"nodeType":865},{},[77034],{"type":997},"they’re also obfuscating both visual and DOM elements to prevent signature-based detections from picking them up",{"data":77037,"marks":77038,"value":77039,"nodeType":865},{},[]," — so even if you can land on the page, there’s a high chance that your detections won’t trigger.",{"data":77041,"content":77042,"nodeType":866},{},[77043],{"data":77044,"marks":77045,"value":77046,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When using a proxy, you’ll have some visibility of the network traffic generated by a user accessing and interacting with a page. However, you’ll struggle to correlate key actions like whether the user entered their password with the specific tab when dealing with the sheer volume of disorganized network traffic data. ",{"data":77048,"content":77049,"nodeType":866},{},[77050],{"data":77051,"marks":77052,"value":77054,"nodeType":865},{},[77053],{"type":961},"But you get much better visibility of all this in the browser, with access to:",{"data":77056,"content":77057,"nodeType":1049},{},[77058,77067,77077,77087],{"data":77059,"content":77060,"nodeType":1003},{},[77061],{"data":77062,"content":77063,"nodeType":866},{},[77064],{"data":77065,"marks":77066,"value":72719,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77068,"content":77069,"nodeType":1003},{},[77070],{"data":77071,"content":77072,"nodeType":866},{},[77073],{"data":77074,"marks":77075,"value":77076,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full user interaction tracing — every click, keystroke, or DOM change can be traced",{"data":77078,"content":77079,"nodeType":1003},{},[77080],{"data":77081,"content":77082,"nodeType":866},{},[77083],{"data":77084,"marks":77085,"value":77086,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full inspection at every layer of execution, not just initial HTML served",{"data":77088,"content":77089,"nodeType":1003},{},[77090],{"data":77091,"content":77092,"nodeType":866},{},[77093],{"data":77094,"marks":77095,"value":77096,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Full access to browser APIs, to correlate with browser history, local storage, attached cookies, etc.",{"data":77098,"content":77099,"nodeType":866},{},[77100],{"data":77101,"marks":77102,"value":77103,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This gives you everything you need to build high-fidelity detections focused on page behavior and user interaction – that are much harder for attackers to get around when compared to IoC-based detections. ",{"data":77105,"content":77109,"nodeType":925},{"target":77106},{"sys":77107},{"id":77108,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1YggWcADAWgt3sUkXMsVIw",[],{"data":77111,"content":77112,"nodeType":866},{},[77113],{"data":77114,"marks":77115,"value":77116,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the browser, you get much better visibility of the user and page behavior to enable phishing page detection.",{"data":77118,"content":77122,"nodeType":925},{"target":77119},{"sys":77120},{"id":77121,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1BKgjnYkLJIRW0LJZYpfga",[],{"data":77124,"content":77125,"nodeType":866},{},[77126],{"data":77127,"marks":77128,"value":77129,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And with this new visibility, because you’re in the browser and seeing the page at the same time as the user is interacting with it, you can…",{"data":77131,"content":77132,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":77134,"content":77135,"nodeType":963},{},[77136],{"data":77137,"marks":77138,"value":77140,"nodeType":865},{},[77139],{"type":961},"#3: Intercept in real time, not post mortem",{"data":77142,"content":77143,"nodeType":866},{},[77144,77148,77153],{"data":77145,"marks":77146,"value":77147,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For non-browser solutions, ",{"data":77149,"marks":77150,"value":77152,"nodeType":865},{},[77151],{"type":961},"real-time phishing detection is basically nonexistent",{"data":77154,"marks":77155,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77157,"content":77158,"nodeType":866},{},[77159],{"data":77160,"marks":77161,"value":77162,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At best, your proxy-based solution might be able to detect malicious behavior via the network traffic generated by your user interacting with the page. But because of the complexity of reconstructing network requests post-TLS-encryption, this typically happens on a time delay and is not entirely reliable. ",{"data":77164,"content":77165,"nodeType":866},{},[77166,77170,77175,77179,77184,77188,77192,77196,77201],{"data":77167,"marks":77168,"value":77169,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If a page is flagged, it usually requires further investigation by a security team to rule out any false positives and kick off an investigation. This can take ",{"data":77171,"marks":77172,"value":77174,"nodeType":865},{},[77173],{"type":961},"hours",{"data":77176,"marks":77177,"value":77178,"nodeType":865},{},[]," at best, probably ",{"data":77180,"marks":77181,"value":77183,"nodeType":865},{},[77182],{"type":961},"days",{"data":77185,"marks":77186,"value":77187,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Then, once a page is identified as malicious and IoCs are created, it can take ",{"data":77189,"marks":77190,"value":77183,"nodeType":865},{},[77191],{"type":961},{"data":77193,"marks":77194,"value":77195,"nodeType":865},{},[]," or even ",{"data":77197,"marks":77198,"value":77200,"nodeType":865},{},[77199],{"type":961},"weeks",{"data":77202,"marks":77203,"value":77204,"nodeType":865},{},[]," before the information is distributed, TI feeds are updated, and ingested into blocklists. ",{"data":77206,"content":77207,"nodeType":866},{},[77208,77212],{"data":77209,"marks":77210,"value":77211,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But in the browser, you’re observing the page in real-time, as the user sees it, from inside the browser. This is a game changer when it comes to not just detecting, but intercepting and shutting down attacks before a user is phished and the damage is done. ",{"data":77213,"marks":77214,"value":77216,"nodeType":865},{},[77215],{"type":961},"This changes the focus from post mortem containment and cleanup, to pre-compromise interception in real time. ",{"data":77218,"content":77219,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":77221,"content":77222,"nodeType":963},{},[77223],{"data":77224,"marks":77225,"value":77227,"nodeType":865},{},[77226],{"type":961},"The future of phishing detection and response is browser based",{"data":77229,"content":77230,"nodeType":866},{},[77231],{"data":77232,"marks":77233,"value":77234,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push provides a browser-based identity security solution that intercepts phishing attacks as they happen — in employee browsers. Being in the browser delivers a lot of advantages when it comes to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks. You see the live webpage that the user sees, as they see it, meaning you have much better visibility of malicious elements running on the page. It also means that you can implement real-time controls that kick in when a malicious element is detected. ",{"data":77236,"content":77237,"nodeType":866},{},[77238],{"data":77239,"marks":77240,"value":77241,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When a phishing attack hits a user with Push, regardless of the delivery channel, our browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page, detecting that:",{"data":77243,"content":77244,"nodeType":1049},{},[77245,77255,77265],{"data":77246,"content":77247,"nodeType":1003},{},[77248],{"data":77249,"content":77250,"nodeType":866},{},[77251],{"data":77252,"marks":77253,"value":77254,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The password the user is entering into the phishing site has been used to log into another site previously. This means that the password is being reused (bad) or the user is being phished (even worse).  ",{"data":77256,"content":77257,"nodeType":1003},{},[77258],{"data":77259,"content":77260,"nodeType":866},{},[77261],{"data":77262,"marks":77263,"value":77264,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The web page is cloned from a legitimate login page that has been fingerprinted by Push. ",{"data":77266,"content":77267,"nodeType":1003},{},[77268],{"data":77269,"content":77270,"nodeType":866},{},[77271],{"data":77272,"marks":77273,"value":77274,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A phishing toolkit is running on the web page. ",{"data":77276,"content":77277,"nodeType":866},{},[77278],{"data":77279,"marks":77280,"value":77281,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a result, the user is blocked from interacting with the phishing site and prevented from continuing. ",{"data":77283,"content":77284,"nodeType":866},{},[77285,77290,77299],{"data":77286,"marks":77287,"value":77289,"nodeType":865},{},[77288],{"type":961},"These are good examples of detections that are difficult (or impossible) for an attacker to evade — you can’t phish a victim if they can’t enter their credentials into your phishing site! ",{"data":77291,"content":77293,"nodeType":882},{"uri":77292},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[77294],{"data":77295,"marks":77296,"value":77298,"nodeType":865},{},[77297],{"type":997},"Find out more about how Push detects and blocks phishing attacks here.",{"data":77300,"marks":77301,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77303,"content":77307,"nodeType":925},{"target":77304},{"sys":77305},{"id":77306,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4ixcEsEW4EyqckOTmP5Pbb",[],{"data":77309,"content":77313,"nodeType":925},{"target":77310},{"sys":77311},{"id":77312,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4PJKxWTroEPohYm4mklfl6",[],{"data":77315,"content":77316,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":77318,"content":77319,"nodeType":963},{},[77320],{"data":77321,"marks":77322,"value":17825,"nodeType":865},{},[77323],{"type":961},{"data":77325,"content":77326,"nodeType":866},{},[77327],{"data":77328,"marks":77329,"value":77330,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It doesn’t stop there — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":77332,"content":77333,"nodeType":866},{},[77334,77337,77345],{"data":77335,"marks":77336,"value":73179,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77338,"content":77340,"nodeType":882},{"uri":77339},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[77341],{"data":77342,"marks":77343,"value":21458,"nodeType":865},{},[77344],{"type":997},{"data":77346,"marks":77347,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":77349,"content":77353,"nodeType":925},{"target":77350},{"sys":77351},{"id":77352,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2DviJNOMbKgbcqwkNl0LDP",[],{"data":77355,"content":77356,"nodeType":866},{},[77357],{"data":77358,"marks":77359,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Three reasons why browser is best for stopping phishing attacks","Why being in the browser gives defenders a key advantage over network and email phishing prevention, detection, and response tools. 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We pin the password to its legitimate domain(s) and then don’t allow it to be entered into any webpage on any other domain. ",{"data":78223,"content":78224,"nodeType":866},{},[78225],{"data":78226,"marks":78227,"value":78228,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But just because you’ve stopped your users from being phished doesn’t mean you don’t want to know when attackers are attempting to phish your users and how. ",{"data":78230,"content":78231,"nodeType":866},{},[78232],{"data":78233,"marks":78234,"value":78235,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push still inspects webpages to see if attackers are rendering cloned app login pages in the browser or if known AitM and BitM toolkits are being used. This way you don’t lose visibility of the unsuccessful attacks that are targeting your users. 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They email one of your employees a link to it. Your SWG / email scanning solution inspects it in a sandbox but the phish kit detects this and redirects to a benign site so that it passes the inspection. ",{"data":78274,"content":78275,"nodeType":866},{},[78276],{"data":78277,"marks":78278,"value":78279,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Your user gets the email with the link and is now free to interact with the phishing page. They enter their credentials plus MFA code into the page and voila! The attacker steals them and is able to compromise the user’s account.  ",{"data":78281,"content":78282,"nodeType":1458},{},[78283,78287,78292],{"data":78284,"marks":78285,"value":78286,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scenario 2: An attacker attempts to phish an employee that ",{"data":78288,"marks":78289,"value":1178,"nodeType":865},{},[78290,78291],{"type":997},{"type":961},{"data":78293,"marks":78294,"value":78295,"nodeType":865},{},[]," have Push deployed to their browser. ",{"data":78297,"content":78301,"nodeType":925},{"target":78298},{"sys":78299},{"id":78300,"type":922,"linkType":923},"77smnID1woCfFJrJPyTvKY",[],{"data":78303,"content":78304,"nodeType":866},{},[78305],{"data":78306,"marks":78307,"value":78308,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This time, the attacker uses the same phishing toolkit and domain from the first example. But in reality, they don’t have to send it to your employee using email, instead, they could use LinkedIn messenger, Slack, Teams, or any application that allows employees to communicate with each other. ",{"data":78310,"content":78311,"nodeType":866},{},[78312],{"data":78313,"marks":78314,"value":78315,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Like before, the user receives the link, opens it and starts to enter their credentials into the webpage. This time though, the Push browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page.",{"data":78317,"content":78318,"nodeType":866},{},[78319],{"data":78320,"marks":78321,"value":78322,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The first detection Push makes is checking that the password the user is entering matches the domain that password is pinned to. Since it doesn't match, based on this detection alone the user is automatically redirected to a blocking page. An important point to make here is that the password never leaves the user’s browser and the check is made using a shortened salted hash of the password.   ",{"data":78324,"content":78325,"nodeType":866},{},[78326],{"data":78327,"marks":78328,"value":78329,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The second detection Push makes is that the rendered web app is using a cloned app login page. The third detection is that a phishing toolkit is running in the web app code. ",{"data":78331,"content":78332,"nodeType":866},{},[78333],{"data":78334,"marks":78335,"value":78336,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this particular scenario these second and third detections serve as useful context for understanding the nature of the phishing attack. 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was one of the first techniques we added to the ",{"data":78988,"content":78990,"nodeType":882},{"uri":78989},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks?tab=readme-ov-file",[78991],{"data":78992,"marks":78993,"value":75495,"nodeType":865},{},[78994],{"type":997},{"data":78996,"marks":78997,"value":78998,"nodeType":865},{},[],", where attackers trick users into authorizing malicious OAuth apps. ",{"data":79000,"content":79001,"nodeType":866},{},[79002,79006,79015],{"data":79003,"marks":79004,"value":79005,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker sends a phishing link to a target that requests permissions to access sensitive data or permissions to perform dangerous actions for an app the victim is using. If the target grants consent for the permissions, the adversary gains that level of access over the target’s account — and certain data and functionality ",{"data":79007,"content":79009,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79008},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-risky-terrain-of-oauth-scopes-in-third-party/",[79010],{"data":79011,"marks":79012,"value":79014,"nodeType":865},{},[79013],{"type":997},"depending on the scopes granted",{"data":79016,"marks":79017,"value":79018,"nodeType":865},{},[],". This attack bypasses MFA entirely (including phishing-resistant MFA) by sidestepping the login process — think of it as an authorization attack, as opposed to an authentication one. Naturally, this means it also persists through typical authentication changes like a password reset. ",{"data":79020,"content":79021,"nodeType":866},{},[79022],{"data":79023,"marks":79024,"value":79025,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Consent phishing has been primarily aimed at getting access to larger cloud platforms like Microsoft Azure or Google Workspace tenants, or more complex apps like GitHub. These apps present an obvious opportunity to attackers in terms of the functionality and and data they contain.  ",{"data":79027,"content":79028,"nodeType":866},{},[79029],{"data":79030,"marks":79031,"value":79032,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Two separate cases of consent phishing have hit the headlines this month representing very different use cases — let’s compare them. ",{"data":79034,"content":79035,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":79037,"content":79038,"nodeType":963},{},[79039],{"data":79040,"marks":79041,"value":79043,"nodeType":865},{},[79042],{"type":961},"1. 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These legit-looking alerts send the victim to a GitHub authorization page for a \"gitsecurityapp\" OAuth app that requests a lot of very risky scopes granting full access to a user's account and repositories.",{"data":79052,"content":79056,"nodeType":925},{"target":79053},{"sys":79054},{"id":79055,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7s7VLePAQzhzXJ6cFkSCAe",[],{"data":79058,"content":79062,"nodeType":925},{"target":79059},{"sys":79060},{"id":79061,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5dppSzNOgffeZTZK2lG6V5",[],{"data":79064,"content":79068,"nodeType":925},{"target":79065},{"sys":79066},{"id":79067,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1dsYU7bM5mPW1AXyRLnqpp",[],{"data":79070,"content":79071,"nodeType":866},{},[79072],{"data":79073,"marks":79074,"value":79075,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once authorized, the attacker has extensive access to the account, from which point they can modify repositories to conduct further attacks against users (e.g. by infecting them with malware), poison the repos and services connected to the repository, and exfiltrate any sensitive data the account has access to. ",{"data":79077,"content":79078,"nodeType":866},{},[79079,79083,79092],{"data":79080,"marks":79081,"value":79082,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Alongside consent phishing, this is an example of ",{"data":79084,"content":79086,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79085},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/in-app_phishing/description.md",[79087],{"data":79088,"marks":79089,"value":79091,"nodeType":865},{},[79090],{"type":997},"in-app phishing",{"data":79093,"marks":79094,"value":79095,"nodeType":865},{},[],", which avoids delivering the message via corporate email. Even if the target gets an email notification, the phish isn’t delivered via email directly, and so email-based scanning solutions won’t detect it — they’ll receive a legitimate notification email directly from GitHub. It’s also less likely to raise suspicion as GitHub issue notifications are expected, increasing the click chance. ",{"data":79097,"content":79101,"nodeType":925},{"target":79098},{"sys":79099},{"id":79100,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6d6MMyPQ7vaY2KrJTHGeO6",[],{"data":79103,"content":79104,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":79106,"content":79107,"nodeType":963},{},[79108],{"data":79109,"marks":79110,"value":79112,"nodeType":865},{},[79111],{"type":961},"2. Not really consent phishing?",{"data":79114,"content":79115,"nodeType":866},{},[79116],{"data":79117,"marks":79118,"value":79119,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This example is much more unusual. In this case, the attacker used malicious Microsoft OAuth apps impersonating Adobe and DocuSign. ",{"data":79121,"content":79122,"nodeType":866},{},[79123],{"data":79124,"marks":79125,"value":79126,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Rather than trying to grab lots of juicy permissions for Microsoft, the attacker used consent phishing to prevent automated analysis of their phishing page by security tools. To be served the real phishing page, you need to first authorize the fake OAuth app — meaning that security tools and bots won’t be able to reach the page to determine if it’s malicious or not. ",{"data":79128,"content":79129,"nodeType":866},{},[79130],{"data":79131,"marks":79132,"value":79133,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attack started with attackers sending phishing emails to target users with a fake password reset lure. ",{"data":79135,"content":79139,"nodeType":925},{"target":79136},{"sys":79137},{"id":79138,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3cLd6EbraN9fKuGgL0kkgC",[],{"data":79141,"content":79142,"nodeType":866},{},[79143],{"data":79144,"marks":79145,"value":79146,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because the initial phishing link directs to the legitimate login.microsoftonline.com URL, it appears legitimate and bypasses common domain-based security checks. ",{"data":79148,"content":79149,"nodeType":866},{},[79150],{"data":79151,"marks":79152,"value":79153,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After clicking the link, the user signs into their real Microsoft account (this might even happen automatically if the user is already signed in on the device/browser they’re using). They are then redirected to a permissions request page for the fake OAuth app. ",{"data":79155,"content":79159,"nodeType":925},{"target":79156},{"sys":79157},{"id":79158,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6O4CSx1VCoPAIjjsnKzu75",[],{"data":79161,"content":79162,"nodeType":866},{},[79163],{"data":79164,"marks":79165,"value":79166,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The permissions requested by the app (profile, email, openid) are so limited as to be basically unexploitable. They are also the same permissions you would accept if you were authorizing Microsoft to perform a social login (SSO via OIDC) to a third party app.",{"data":79168,"content":79169,"nodeType":866},{},[79170,79174,79182],{"data":79171,"marks":79172,"value":79173,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Clicking the link redirects the victim to the malicious page but masks it using the legit Cloudflare Turnstile service. As well as making the page look more credible (since its fronted by a legit service to block bots) this is a common detection evasion technique we’ve ",{"data":79175,"content":79177,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79176},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection/",[79178],{"data":79179,"marks":79180,"value":73468,"nodeType":865},{},[79181],{"type":997},{"data":79183,"marks":79184,"value":79185,"nodeType":865},{},[]," which prevents security solutions from accessing and analysing the malicious page. ",{"data":79187,"content":79191,"nodeType":925},{"target":79188},{"sys":79189},{"id":79190,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7csybR6fJlCWsRy91CbNYL",[],{"data":79193,"content":79194,"nodeType":866},{},[79195],{"data":79196,"marks":79197,"value":79198,"nodeType":865},{},[],"After completing the verification, the page (and the malicious phishing kit element) is finally loaded. If the victim authenticates, the session will be stolen by the attacker, along with the captured credentials and MFA code. ",{"data":79200,"content":79201,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":79203,"content":79204,"nodeType":963},{},[79205],{"data":79206,"marks":79207,"value":79209,"nodeType":865},{},[79208],{"type":961},"Using consent phishing to evade detection",{"data":79211,"content":79212,"nodeType":866},{},[79213],{"data":79214,"marks":79215,"value":79216,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker is essentially using their fake OAuth app to prevent security analysts and bots from analysing the real phishing page, because the first page loaded is a link to a legitimate Microsoft domain. They’re also layering it with a range of other detection evasion techniques like using Cloudflare Turnstile.  ",{"data":79218,"content":79222,"nodeType":925},{"target":79219},{"sys":79220},{"id":79221,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4Bi9YoMwWVmKoWfkh5tiTA",[],{"data":79224,"content":79225,"nodeType":866},{},[79226],{"data":79227,"marks":79228,"value":79229,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve previously blogged about how attackers are using layered detection evasion techniques to circumvent typical phishing page detections, which are often email-based, including:",{"data":79231,"content":79232,"nodeType":1049},{},[79233,79254],{"data":79234,"content":79235,"nodeType":1003},{},[79236],{"data":79237,"content":79238,"nodeType":866},{},[79239,79242,79250],{"data":79240,"marks":79241,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79243,"content":79244,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79176},[79245],{"data":79246,"marks":79247,"value":79249,"nodeType":865},{},[79248],{"type":997},"Prevent analysis of phishing pages",{"data":79251,"marks":79252,"value":79253,"nodeType":865},{},[]," by security bots, including using legitimate services like Cloudflare Workers and Turnstile (as above), CAPTCHA, and various sandbox-aware techniques to ensure only the intended victim is served the phishing page, such as only providing the correct parameters to load the page if the correct path is followed (rather than attempting to load the malicious page by going directly to the domain). ",{"data":79255,"content":79256,"nodeType":1003},{},[79257],{"data":79258,"content":79259,"nodeType":866},{},[79260,79263,79271],{"data":79261,"marks":79262,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79264,"content":79265,"nodeType":882},{"uri":76765},[79266],{"data":79267,"marks":79268,"value":79270,"nodeType":865},{},[79269],{"type":997},"DOM and visual obfuscation",{"data":79272,"marks":79273,"value":79274,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of phishing pages when the victim does land on the page to prevent it from being identified as malicious through signature-based detection of page elements. ",{"data":79276,"content":79280,"nodeType":925},{"target":79277},{"sys":79278},{"id":79279,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2dN8np5odBecf7r1vBr69K",[],{"data":79282,"content":79283,"nodeType":866},{},[79284],{"data":79285,"marks":79286,"value":79287,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This seems a bit overkill and many of the steps here are likely to raise suspicion — like the fact that you’re never asked to provide the original code for the password reset, and are asked to unexpectedly consent to an OAuth app. But clearly, the attacker is more concerned about bypassing technical safeguards than human ones (not a great endorsement for the state of phishing awareness training). ",{"data":79289,"content":79290,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":79292,"content":79293,"nodeType":963},{},[79294],{"data":79295,"marks":79296,"value":79298,"nodeType":865},{},[79297],{"type":961},"How Push detects and blocks phishing attacks",{"data":79300,"content":79301,"nodeType":866},{},[79302],{"data":79303,"marks":79304,"value":79305,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push overcomes the various detection evasion techniques shown here by using in-browser detections based on the phishing page that the user sees. This means that no matter where the user accesses the link from (email, IM platform, social media, or anywhere else on the internet) Push can observe and analyse the page to determine if it's malicious. ",{"data":79307,"content":79308,"nodeType":866},{},[79309],{"data":79310,"marks":79311,"value":79312,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push uses layered detections based on identifying the phishing kit running on the page itself, whether the page is cloned from a legitimate login page, as well as detecting whether the credentials being entered on the page have been used to log into your SSO account previously. ",{"data":79314,"content":79318,"nodeType":925},{"target":79315},{"sys":79316},{"id":79317,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6B1toQAf44rDzQZijYRd9g",[],{"data":79320,"content":79323,"nodeType":925},{"target":79321},{"sys":79322},{"id":77306,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":79325,"content":79329,"nodeType":925},{"target":79326},{"sys":79327},{"id":79328,"type":922,"linkType":923},"01musWa3FUiO0CVFNWfwcy",[],{"data":79331,"content":79332,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":79334,"content":79335,"nodeType":963},{},[79336],{"data":79337,"marks":79338,"value":79340,"nodeType":865},{},[79339],{"type":961},"Using Push to review OAuth integrations",{"data":79342,"content":79343,"nodeType":866},{},[79344],{"data":79345,"marks":79346,"value":79347,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also use Push to discover and remove risky OAuth integrations accepted by your users. ",{"data":79349,"content":79353,"nodeType":925},{"target":79350},{"sys":79351},{"id":79352,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5kJvy5SBcWLrK2EhLyR1ZD",[],{"data":79355,"content":79356,"nodeType":866},{},[79357],{"data":79358,"marks":79359,"value":79360,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This shows which OAuth apps have been added, which apps they are integrated with, what permissions they’ve been granted, as well as other properties that indicate risk (e.g. whether the app’s publisher has been verified). ",{"data":79362,"content":79363,"nodeType":866},{},[79364],{"data":79365,"marks":79366,"value":79367,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If your users are consent phished, you’ll be notified via webhook event that a new integration has been added. These risky integrations can be removed via the Push platform by clicking ‘delete integration’. ",{"data":79369,"content":79370,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":79372,"content":79373,"nodeType":963},{},[79374],{"data":79375,"marks":79376,"value":78346,"nodeType":865},{},[79377],{"type":961},{"data":79379,"content":79380,"nodeType":866},{},[79381],{"data":79382,"marks":79383,"value":77330,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79385,"content":79386,"nodeType":866},{},[79387,79390,79398],{"data":79388,"marks":79389,"value":73179,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79391,"content":79393,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79392},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[79394],{"data":79395,"marks":79396,"value":78361,"nodeType":865},{},[79397],{"type":997},{"data":79399,"marks":79400,"value":79401,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for a live demo.","How consent phishing is evolving to defeat detection controls","Consent phishing is where attackers trick users into authorizing access for malicious OAuth apps. Here's how attackers are using this technique in the wild.","2025-03-31T00:00:00.000Z","how-consent-phishing-is-evolving",{"items":79407},[79408,79410],{"sys":79409,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":79411,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":79413},[79414],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":79415},{"url":11434},"blog/app-specific-password-phishing",{"json":79418},{"data":79419,"content":79420,"nodeType":1739},{},[79421],{"data":79422,"content":79423,"nodeType":866},{},[79424],{"data":79425,"marks":79426,"value":79427,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers in the wild have been observed using advanced social engineering tactics to convince victims to create and share App-Specific Passwords, representing the latest in phishing tactics capable of sidestepping otherwise phishing-resistant login methods, and bypassing MFA checks. ",{"id":75407,"publishedAt":79429},"2026-08-12T11:54:05.231Z",{"items":79431},[79432,79434],{"sys":79433,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"sys":79435,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":79437},[79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458,79460],{"sys":79439,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":79441,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":79443,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":79445,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":79447,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":79449,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":79451,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":79453,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":79455,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":79457,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":79459,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":79461,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},"yRb4iizavauRegTYOxqqBEmetZps4T2uiwq65xrITDk",{"id":79464,"title":79465,"authorsCollection":79466,"content":79471,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":80536,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":80538,"metaTitle":80539,"ogImage":59,"postType":44368,"publishedDate":80540,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":80541,"slug":83239,"stem":83240,"subtitle":59,"summary":83241,"synopsis":83252,"sys":83253,"tagsCollection":83256,"topicsCollection":83262,"__hash__":83306},"blog/blog/the-saas-attack-matrix-one-year-on.json","The SaaS attack matrix: A year in review",{"items":79467},[79468],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"socialLinks":79469,"profilePicture":79470},[14658],{"url":11434},{"json":79472,"links":80527},{"data":79473,"content":79474,"nodeType":1739},{},[79475,79493,79500,79507,79514,79521,79524,79531,79619,79626,79633,79640,79655,79675,79682,79685,79692,79699,79705,79722,79746,79753,79760,79792,79823,79830,79848,79855,79862,79869,79877,79884,79915,79921,79938,79969,79976,79995,80002,80009,80027,80034,80041,80044,80051,80058,80065,80068,80075,80082,80089,80108,80240,80247,80250,80257,80264,80365,80372,80379,80382,80389,80396,80447,80454,80461,80464,80471,80478,80496,80515,80521],{"data":79476,"content":79477,"nodeType":866},{},[79478,79482,79489],{"data":79479,"marks":79480,"value":79481,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we created the ",{"data":79483,"content":79484,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16737},[79485],{"data":79486,"marks":79487,"value":16089,"nodeType":865},{},[79488],{"type":997},{"data":79490,"marks":79491,"value":79492,"nodeType":865},{},[],", we made a conscious break away from the endpoint-focused techniques captured in industry resources like the MITRE ATT&CK Framework. ",{"data":79494,"content":79495,"nodeType":866},{},[79496],{"data":79497,"marks":79498,"value":79499,"nodeType":865},{},[],"At the time, we were anticipating a shift that was yet to fully materialize. But, a lot can change (and has changed) in the space of a year. We’ve seen the impact of SaaS account takeover attacks laid bare. Snowflake, billed one of the biggest breaches in history, is a telling example that we’ll no doubt look back on as a watershed moment. ",{"data":79501,"content":79502,"nodeType":866},{},[79503],{"data":79504,"marks":79505,"value":79506,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It isn’t an exaggeration or marketing fluff to say that identity attacks are the #1 threat facing organizations today. SaaS apps, and the identities that are used to access them, are clearly the weakest link – and therefore the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to reach for. ",{"data":79508,"content":79509,"nodeType":866},{},[79510],{"data":79511,"marks":79512,"value":79513,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This makes resources like the SaaS attack matrix more relevant than ever – both for red teams seeking to emulate the latest offensive techniques, and blue teams trying to defend against them. Understanding these techniques is essential for building effective defenses, and identifying where new platforms and controls are required to do so. ",{"data":79515,"content":79516,"nodeType":866},{},[79517],{"data":79518,"marks":79519,"value":79520,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a look at what we’ve learned so far.",{"data":79522,"content":79523,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":79525,"content":79526,"nodeType":963},{},[79527],{"data":79528,"marks":79529,"value":79530,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hot right now: Initial access techniques",{"data":79532,"content":79533,"nodeType":866},{},[79534,79538,79545,79548,79557,79560,79569,79572,79580,79583,79592,79596,79605,79608,79616],{"data":79535,"marks":79536,"value":79537,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The majority of techniques we've seen rise to prominence in 2023/4 sit predominantly in the initial access phase. Since the matrix first launched, we’ve added more techniques to initial access than any other category, including ",{"data":79539,"content":79540,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56515},[79541],{"data":79542,"marks":79543,"value":10345,"nodeType":865},{},[79544],{"type":997},{"data":79546,"marks":79547,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79549,"content":79551,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79550},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/aitm_phishing/description.md",[79552],{"data":79553,"marks":79554,"value":79556,"nodeType":865},{},[79555],{"type":997},"AitM phishing",{"data":79558,"marks":79559,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79561,"content":79563,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79562},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/session_cookie_theft/description.md",[79564],{"data":79565,"marks":79566,"value":79568,"nodeType":865},{},[79567],{"type":997},"session cookie theft",{"data":79570,"marks":79571,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79573,"content":79574,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74744},[79575],{"data":79576,"marks":79577,"value":79579,"nodeType":865},{},[79578],{"type":997},"MFA downgrade attacks",{"data":79581,"marks":79582,"value":3892,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79584,"content":79586,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79585},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/guest_access_abuse/description.md",[79587],{"data":79588,"marks":79589,"value":79591,"nodeType":865},{},[79590],{"type":997},"guest access abuse,",{"data":79593,"marks":79594,"value":79595,"nodeType":865},{},[]," all of which are methods of account takeover – complementing the classics like ",{"data":79597,"content":79599,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79598},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/credential_stuffing/description.md",[79600],{"data":79601,"marks":79602,"value":79604,"nodeType":865},{},[79603],{"type":997},"credential stuffing",{"data":79606,"marks":79607,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79609,"content":79611,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79610},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/email_phishing/description.md",[79612],{"data":79613,"marks":79614,"value":79615,"nodeType":865},{},[],"email phishing",{"data":79617,"marks":79618,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79620,"content":79621,"nodeType":866},{},[79622],{"data":79623,"marks":79624,"value":79625,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ll spend a bit of time delving into these techniques in the next section, but let’s first consider what this tells us about SaaS attacks. ",{"data":79627,"content":79628,"nodeType":1458},{},[79629],{"data":79630,"marks":79631,"value":79632,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Identity attacks are the leading cause of SaaS breaches",{"data":79634,"content":79635,"nodeType":866},{},[79636],{"data":79637,"marks":79638,"value":79639,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The initial identity attack designed to achieve account takeover is the most important part of the SaaS attack chain. The fact that attackers are focused on finding new ways of compromising identities illustrates the value, but also the fragility of the identity controls that most organizations are relying on (which may also be one of the reasons attackers are fixated on it). Whether we’re talking about anti-phishing protections, conditional access policies, or MFA – attackers are continually finding new ways of getting around them.",{"data":79641,"content":79642,"nodeType":866},{},[79643,79647,79652],{"data":79644,"marks":79645,"value":79646,"nodeType":865},{},[],"And, if all an attacker really needs to do to cause harm is log into an app and abuse its legitimate features and functions, there really is no margin for error – you need to successfully stop the initial identity attack ",{"data":79648,"marks":79649,"value":79651,"nodeType":865},{},[79650],{"type":961},"every time",{"data":79653,"marks":79654,"value":10349,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79656,"content":79657,"nodeType":866},{},[79658,79662,79671],{"data":79659,"marks":79660,"value":79661,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can’t rely on your endpoint and network controls to catch them later like you used to. Equally, it’s unlikely that your CASB or DLP solution can stop a legitimate app using legitimate features like ",{"data":79663,"content":79665,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79664},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/shadow_workflows/description.md",[79666],{"data":79667,"marks":79668,"value":79670,"nodeType":865},{},[79669],{"type":997},"API-based workflows",{"data":79672,"marks":79673,"value":79674,"nodeType":865},{},[]," from sending data to attacker-controlled infrastructure. ",{"data":79676,"content":79677,"nodeType":866},{},[79678],{"data":79679,"marks":79680,"value":79681,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s a classic case of attackers only needing to win once. And right now, it’s a numbers game that they’re winning enough to keep them coming back for more. ",{"data":79683,"content":79684,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":79686,"content":79687,"nodeType":963},{},[79688],{"data":79689,"marks":79690,"value":79691,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Most wanted: Techniques gaining notoriety in the wild",{"data":79693,"content":79694,"nodeType":866},{},[79695],{"data":79696,"marks":79697,"value":79698,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at some of the techniques we’ve seen rise to prominence in 2023/4. ",{"data":79700,"content":79701,"nodeType":1458},{},[79702],{"data":79703,"marks":79704,"value":395,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79706,"content":79707,"nodeType":866},{},[79708,79711,79718],{"data":79709,"marks":79710,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79712,"content":79713,"nodeType":882},{"uri":56515},[79714],{"data":79715,"marks":79716,"value":395,"nodeType":865},{},[79717],{"type":997},{"data":79719,"marks":79720,"value":79721,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is a technique that exploits the fact that SaaS user accounts often enable multiple simultaneous logins using different sign-in methods. ",{"data":79723,"content":79724,"nodeType":866},{},[79725,79729,79734,79737,79742],{"data":79726,"marks":79727,"value":79728,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins can be used for both the ",{"data":79730,"marks":79731,"value":79733,"nodeType":865},{},[79732],{"type":961},"initial access",{"data":79735,"marks":79736,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79738,"marks":79739,"value":79741,"nodeType":865},{},[79740],{"type":961},"persistence",{"data":79743,"marks":79744,"value":79745,"nodeType":865},{},[]," stages of a cyber attack, doubling up as a defense evasion technique because of low login method visibility.",{"data":79747,"content":79748,"nodeType":866},{},[79749],{"data":79750,"marks":79751,"value":79752,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For initial access, the technique exploits the fact that local and SSO logins can exist simultaneously. Given that many apps are self-adopted by users, it’s likely that many users will default to a local username and password login at this stage. If the app is later adopted companywide and brought into SSO, the original local login will continue to exist unless explicitly disabled or deleted. ",{"data":79754,"content":79755,"nodeType":866},{},[79756],{"data":79757,"marks":79758,"value":79759,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because MFA is applied at the app and IdP level independently, it is possible to end up with an SSO login that requires MFA (via the IdP login), but a local login that does not. This creates an easy target identity for attackers to look for. When combined with other identity vulnerabilities such as weak, breached, and/or reused passwords, attackers can easily automate ghost login discovery and exploitation at scale.  ",{"data":79761,"content":79762,"nodeType":866},{},[79763,79767,79775,79779,79788],{"data":79764,"marks":79765,"value":79766,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We saw the impact of ghost logins for initial access with ",{"data":79768,"content":79769,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16619},[79770],{"data":79771,"marks":79772,"value":79774,"nodeType":865},{},[79773],{"type":997},"the recent ShinyHunters campaign against Snowflake customers",{"data":79776,"marks":79777,"value":79778,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Because Snowflake accounts did not require mandatory MFA for accounts, or give admins the ability to enforce MFA by default, attackers were able to find and exploit a large number of Snowflake accounts using breached credentials from historical data breach dumps. Much of the industry response focused on ensuring SSO and MFA were deployed, but ",{"data":79780,"content":79782,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79781},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/demonstrating-ghost-logins-in-snowflake-and-how-to-remediate-them/",[79783],{"data":79784,"marks":79785,"value":79787,"nodeType":865},{},[79786],{"type":997},"the practicalities of gathering data and manually unsetting local passwords in Snowflake",{"data":79789,"marks":79790,"value":79791,"nodeType":865},{},[]," meant that ghost logins were easy to overlook by organizations responding to the attacks.   ",{"data":79793,"content":79794,"nodeType":866},{},[79795,79799,79807,79811,79819],{"data":79796,"marks":79797,"value":79798,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Ghost logins can also be created after an attacker has established access to an app. For example, if a social login is used to access an account, an adversary may be able to configure a separate username/password login, or even (though much less commonly) connect a second social account that the adversary controls. If the account has sufficient privileges, it may also be possible to ",{"data":79800,"content":79801,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73462},[79802],{"data":79803,"marks":79804,"value":79806,"nodeType":865},{},[79805],{"type":997},"set up or change the SAML login settings to inject a malicious URL",{"data":79808,"marks":79809,"value":79810,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (for example to an attacker controlled tenant) or simply ",{"data":79812,"content":79813,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74249},[79814],{"data":79815,"marks":79816,"value":79818,"nodeType":865},{},[79817],{"type":997},"configure API access",{"data":79820,"marks":79821,"value":79822,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to forgo the need to log in entirely. ",{"data":79824,"content":79825,"nodeType":1458},{},[79826],{"data":79827,"marks":79828,"value":79829,"nodeType":865},{},[],"AitM phishing ",{"data":79831,"content":79832,"nodeType":866},{},[79833,79836,79844],{"data":79834,"marks":79835,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79837,"content":79838,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79550},[79839],{"data":79840,"marks":79841,"value":79843,"nodeType":865},{},[79842],{"type":997},"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing",{"data":79845,"marks":79846,"value":79847,"nodeType":865},{},[]," is a newer variant of phishing that uses dedicated tooling to act as a web proxy between the victim and a legitimate login portal for an application the victim has access to, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection (with the victim responding to the MFA request as part of the attack).",{"data":79849,"content":79850,"nodeType":866},{},[79851],{"data":79852,"marks":79853,"value":79854,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. For example, if accessing their webmail, the user will see all their real emails; if accessing their cloud file store then all their real files will be present, etc. ",{"data":79856,"content":79857,"nodeType":866},{},[79858],{"data":79859,"marks":79860,"value":79861,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This gives AitM an increased sense of authenticity and makes the compromise less obvious to the user. Because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions and take control of the authenticated session. ",{"data":79863,"content":79864,"nodeType":866},{},[79865],{"data":79866,"marks":79867,"value":79868,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Alongside AitM phishing is Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM), really a form of sub-technique. Rather than act as a reverse web proxy, this technique tricks a target into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser remotely using desktop screen sharing and control approaches (such as VNC and RDP). ",{"data":79870,"content":79871,"nodeType":866},{},[79872],{"data":79873,"marks":79874,"value":79876,"nodeType":865},{},[79875],{"type":961},"This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to login to Okta for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards.",{"data":79878,"content":79879,"nodeType":866},{},[79880],{"data":79881,"marks":79882,"value":79883,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A growing majority of modern phishing attacks typically leverage AitM or BitM tooling – they are now the standard choice for threat actors, offering the ability to bypass MFA without any real tradeoff. ",{"data":79885,"content":79886,"nodeType":866},{},[79887,79891,79900,79903,79912],{"data":79888,"marks":79889,"value":79890,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For more information you can ",{"data":79892,"content":79894,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79893},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-2-0-how-phishing-toolkits-are-evolving-with-aitm/",[79895],{"data":79896,"marks":79897,"value":79899,"nodeType":865},{},[79898],{"type":997},"read our recent blog post",{"data":79901,"marks":79902,"value":53450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79904,"content":79906,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79905},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/phishing-detecting-evilginx-evilnovnc-muraena-and-modlishka/",[79907],{"data":79908,"marks":79909,"value":79911,"nodeType":865},{},[79910],{"type":997},"watch our on-demand webinar on Phishing 2.0 to see AitM and BitM tools like Evilginx and EvilnoVNC in action",{"data":79913,"marks":79914,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79916,"content":79917,"nodeType":1458},{},[79918],{"data":79919,"marks":79920,"value":333,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79922,"content":79923,"nodeType":866},{},[79924,79927,79934],{"data":79925,"marks":79926,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79928,"content":79929,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79598},[79930],{"data":79931,"marks":79932,"value":333,"nodeType":865},{},[79933],{"type":997},{"data":79935,"marks":79936,"value":79937,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks continue to pose a risk to organizations. Despite the fact that MFA has now become an expected control, accounts without MFA continue to be hacked as a result of using weak, reused, and/or previously breached credentials. ",{"data":79939,"content":79940,"nodeType":866},{},[79941,79945,79953,79957,79966],{"data":79942,"marks":79943,"value":79944,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Credential stuffing is being fed by an increase in the number of ",{"data":79946,"content":79948,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79947},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/?utm_source=ebook&utm_medium=organic",[79949],{"data":79950,"marks":79951,"value":423,"nodeType":865},{},[79952],{"type":997},{"data":79954,"marks":79955,"value":79956,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks designed to harvest credentials to be sold on criminal marketplaces. Infostealers have been boosted by the success of the Snowflake attacks (",{"data":79958,"content":79960,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79959},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024?utm_source=ebook&utm_medium=organic",[79961],{"data":79962,"marks":79963,"value":79965,"nodeType":865},{},[79964],{"type":997},"where 80% of the credentials used to access accounts could be traced back to infostealer infections dating back to 2020",{"data":79967,"marks":79968,"value":13643,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":79970,"content":79971,"nodeType":1458},{},[79972],{"data":79973,"marks":79974,"value":79975,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Session cookie theft",{"data":79977,"content":79978,"nodeType":866},{},[79979,79983,79991],{"data":79980,"marks":79981,"value":79982,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attackers are increasingly ",{"data":79984,"content":79985,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79562},[79986],{"data":79987,"marks":79988,"value":79990,"nodeType":865},{},[79989],{"type":997},"targeting session cookies",{"data":79992,"marks":79993,"value":79994,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to be able to hijack live user sessions as a means of getting around MFA. Although session cookies are predominantly stolen via infostealers, techniques like AitM and BitM phishing described above are also methods of stealing session cookies and hijacking sessions.",{"data":79996,"content":79997,"nodeType":866},{},[79998],{"data":79999,"marks":80000,"value":80001,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While the majority of infostealer data dumps result in credential stuffing attacks rather than session hijacking, as the infostealer marketplace continues to heat up, it’s likely that more instances of session cookie theft will be the cause of breaches going forward. ",{"data":80003,"content":80004,"nodeType":1458},{},[80005],{"data":80006,"marks":80007,"value":80008,"nodeType":865},{},[],"MFA downgrade",{"data":80010,"content":80011,"nodeType":866},{},[80012,80016,80023],{"data":80013,"marks":80014,"value":80015,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While many organizations are waking up to the fact that it’s not enough to have any old MFA method, it’s still often overlooked that you need to actually remove or disable the phishable methods. Otherwise, in many cases they remain valid, opening affected identities up to ",{"data":80017,"content":80018,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74744},[80019],{"data":80020,"marks":80021,"value":80008,"nodeType":865},{},[80022],{"type":997},{"data":80024,"marks":80025,"value":80026,"nodeType":865},{},[]," attacks. ",{"data":80028,"content":80029,"nodeType":866},{},[80030],{"data":80031,"marks":80032,"value":80033,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Just because a user has a phishing-resistant factor setup (such as passkeys) and may use them by default, it does not mean they are necessarily enforced. Often, services support the use of multiple authentication options, particularly for second factors. In particular, passkeys are device-bound and so enforcing their use prevents logins from other devices and can cause recovery issues in a lost/broken device scenario. Therefore, it’s common for the default case to be that passkey authentication is optional, rather than required.",{"data":80035,"content":80036,"nodeType":866},{},[80037],{"data":80038,"marks":80039,"value":80040,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When used in combination with AitM phishing tools, it’s possible for attackers to modify requests/responses so as to prevent the ability of passkeys to be selected as a login option and prompting the user to use vulnerable factors, such as passwords, TOTPs and push notifications instead. Since the server-side supports other authentication options, if the user continues and enters one of these alternative factors then their authenticated session will be compromised – despite the fact they usually use phishing-resistant MFA methods like passkeys or similar.",{"data":80042,"content":80043,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":80045,"content":80046,"nodeType":963},{},[80047],{"data":80048,"marks":80049,"value":80050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Use case inspo: How red teamers are using the SaaS attack matrix",{"data":80052,"content":80053,"nodeType":866},{},[80054],{"data":80055,"marks":80056,"value":80057,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The techniques that advanced red teams are using to (ethically) hack into their clients are always a good indicator of what direction hackers in the real world are headed.  ",{"data":80059,"content":80060,"nodeType":866},{},[80061],{"data":80062,"marks":80063,"value":80064,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We spoke to a few of the best red teams around to see how they are using the matrix: Let’s see what they had to say. ",{"data":80066,"content":80067,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":80069,"content":80070,"nodeType":1458},{},[80071],{"data":80072,"marks":80073,"value":80074,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Rob Maslen | Managing Principal Consultant | MDSec",{"data":80076,"content":80077,"nodeType":866},{},[80078],{"data":80079,"marks":80080,"value":80081,"nodeType":865},{},[],"“We use the matrix throughout our engagements: When scoping and proposing projects to clients, during testing to assist our consultants in successfully utilizing novel SaaS-attack techniques, and for reporting to provide a common language across the vendors that they work with. ",{"data":80083,"content":80084,"nodeType":866},{},[80085],{"data":80086,"marks":80087,"value":80088,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s been most useful to us when performing engagements on more modern Zero Trust Environments where macOS is predominantly the Operating System of choice. The objectives tend to be either access to critical applications that reside within the cloud and require the compromise of SaaS credentials, or to gain privileged access to a SaaS application. Whilst resources like the MITRE ATT&CK Framework can help to describe the techniques that have been used against a more traditional environment, the SaaS Matrix aids with performing and describing attacks against a more modern infrastructure.  ",{"data":80090,"content":80091,"nodeType":866},{},[80092,80096,80104],{"data":80093,"marks":80094,"value":80095,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The technique we’ve seen most success with, across both traditional Active Directory attacks and more modern Zero Trust Environments, is ",{"data":80097,"content":80098,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79562},[80099],{"data":80100,"marks":80101,"value":80103,"nodeType":865},{},[80102],{"type":997},"Session Cookie Theft",{"data":80105,"marks":80106,"value":80107,"nodeType":865},{},[],". The protection of browser cookies (for inexplicable reasons) has had less engineering attention than it should have, opening up opportunities for lateral movement using session cookies, credentials, or API keys recovered from a host becomes a key technique. In our experience defensive tooling has yet to catch up with this threat. ",{"data":80109,"content":80110,"nodeType":866},{},[80111,80115,80124,80127,80136,80139,80148,80151,80158,80161,80168,80171,80179,80182,80190,80193,80202,80205,80212,80216,80225,80228,80237],{"data":80112,"marks":80113,"value":80114,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve also seen success with various techniques across Kill Chain stages, including ",{"data":80116,"content":80118,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80117},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/subdomain_tenant_discovery/description.md",[80119],{"data":80120,"marks":80121,"value":80123,"nodeType":865},{},[80122],{"type":997},"Subdomain tenant discovery",{"data":80125,"marks":80126,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80128,"content":80130,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80129},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/dns_reconnaissance/description.md",[80131],{"data":80132,"marks":80133,"value":80135,"nodeType":865},{},[80134],{"type":997},"DNS reconnaissance",{"data":80137,"marks":80138,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80140,"content":80142,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80141},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/username_enumeration/description.md",[80143],{"data":80144,"marks":80145,"value":80147,"nodeType":865},{},[80146],{"type":997},"username enumeration",{"data":80149,"marks":80150,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80152,"content":80153,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68877},[80154],{"data":80155,"marks":80156,"value":52972,"nodeType":865},{},[80157],{"type":997},{"data":80159,"marks":80160,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80162,"content":80163,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18506},[80164],{"data":80165,"marks":80166,"value":18122,"nodeType":865},{},[80167],{"type":997},{"data":80169,"marks":80170,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80172,"content":80173,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79585},[80174],{"data":80175,"marks":80176,"value":80178,"nodeType":865},{},[80177],{"type":997},"guest access abuse",{"data":80180,"marks":80181,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80183,"content":80184,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79664},[80185],{"data":80186,"marks":80187,"value":80189,"nodeType":865},{},[80188],{"type":997},"shadow workflows",{"data":80191,"marks":80192,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80194,"content":80196,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80195},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/oauth_tokens/description.md",[80197],{"data":80198,"marks":80199,"value":80201,"nodeType":865},{},[80200],{"type":997},"OAuth tokens",{"data":80203,"marks":80204,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80206,"content":80207,"nodeType":882},{"uri":74249},[80208],{"data":80209,"marks":80210,"value":75754,"nodeType":865},{},[80211],{"type":997},{"data":80213,"marks":80214,"value":80215,"nodeType":865},{},[]," (as long as you ensure the target isn't notified – make sure you delete the notification of creation email!), ",{"data":80217,"content":80219,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80218},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_secret_theft/description.md",[80220],{"data":80221,"marks":80222,"value":80224,"nodeType":865},{},[80223],{"type":997},"API secret theft",{"data":80226,"marks":80227,"value":3892,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80229,"content":80231,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80230},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_backdooring/description.md",[80232],{"data":80233,"marks":80234,"value":80236,"nodeType":865},{},[80235],{"type":997},"link backdooring",{"data":80238,"marks":80239,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80241,"content":80242,"nodeType":866},{},[80243],{"data":80244,"marks":80245,"value":80246,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Embracing the modern Zero Trust architecture with its greater SaaS usage does not come without security risks, and while it does invalidate a large number of the attacks that can be performed within an AD environment, the SaaS attack matrix is a great way of illustrating how these attacks work, as well as helping red and blue teams respectively to simulate and defend against them.\" ",{"data":80248,"content":80249,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":80251,"content":80252,"nodeType":1458},{},[80253],{"data":80254,"marks":80255,"value":80256,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tom Ellson | Head of Offensive Security | Stripe OLT",{"data":80258,"content":80259,"nodeType":866},{},[80260],{"data":80261,"marks":80262,"value":80263,"nodeType":865},{},[],"“We've used the SaaS attack matrix across several cloud-native engagements, for both initial access and lateral movement. My go-to techniques so far have been:",{"data":80265,"content":80266,"nodeType":1049},{},[80267,80294,80316,80338],{"data":80268,"content":80269,"nodeType":1003},{},[80270],{"data":80271,"content":80272,"nodeType":866},{},[80273,80276,80286,80290],{"data":80274,"marks":80275,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80277,"content":80279,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80278},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_phishing/description.md",[80280],{"data":80281,"marks":80282,"value":80285,"nodeType":865},{},[80283,80284],{"type":997},{"type":961},"IM phishing:",{"data":80287,"marks":80288,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[80289],{"type":961},{"data":80291,"marks":80292,"value":80293,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing via Microsoft Teams in particular has been highly successful, especially when paired with a number of abusable “features” (working as intended, clearly). ",{"data":80295,"content":80296,"nodeType":1003},{},[80297],{"data":80298,"content":80299,"nodeType":866},{},[80300,80303,80312],{"data":80301,"marks":80302,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80304,"content":80305,"nodeType":882},{"uri":18506},[80306],{"data":80307,"marks":80308,"value":80311,"nodeType":865},{},[80309,80310],{"type":997},{"type":961},"Device code phishing:",{"data":80313,"marks":80314,"value":80315,"nodeType":865},{},[]," We use this for both initial access and persistence. It’s a great way of getting around MFA by tricking the victim into following the device approval process for our device, but using their device. ",{"data":80317,"content":80318,"nodeType":1003},{},[80319],{"data":80320,"content":80321,"nodeType":866},{},[80322,80325,80334],{"data":80323,"marks":80324,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80326,"content":80327,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79550},[80328],{"data":80329,"marks":80330,"value":80333,"nodeType":865},{},[80331,80332],{"type":997},{"type":961},"AitM phishing:",{"data":80335,"marks":80336,"value":80337,"nodeType":865},{},[]," This is now a staple for credential harvesting. Better security controls force us to abuse other avenues to bypass conditional access policies, such as extraction of the PRT token from the end user device, thus granting us claimed access, which can be achieved using AitM and BitM techniques.",{"data":80339,"content":80340,"nodeType":1003},{},[80341],{"data":80342,"content":80343,"nodeType":866},{},[80344,80347,80357,80361],{"data":80345,"marks":80346,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80348,"content":80350,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80349},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/oauth_token_enumeration/description.md",[80351],{"data":80352,"marks":80353,"value":80356,"nodeType":865},{},[80354,80355],{"type":997},{"type":961},"OAuth token enumeration:",{"data":80358,"marks":80359,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[80360],{"type":961},{"data":80362,"marks":80363,"value":80364,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once an account has been compromised, the Myapps portal is commonly used to validate the accessible applications and further target downstream apps to access data and functionality. ",{"data":80366,"content":80367,"nodeType":866},{},[80368],{"data":80369,"marks":80370,"value":80371,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re usually targeting M365 environments but have still found these attack techniques to be highly effective. In some cases, we’ve leveraged other SaaS applications such as abusing in-app phishing via GitHub to compromise development pipelines. The matrix is particularly useful as a playbook of further attacks once initial access has been established. Even just the awareness of how to pivot from SaaS to SaaS (and sometimes back to Microsoft or Google) is really eye-opening for red teams, and adds a new dimension to the security testing that our clients are used to experiencing. ",{"data":80373,"content":80374,"nodeType":866},{},[80375],{"data":80376,"marks":80377,"value":80378,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Because of the success of using these methods, we’ve now incorporated the SaaS attack matrix techniques into our purple teaming methodology to ensure that our clients can build awareness of their detection visibility gaps when it comes to identity attacks, and are routinely benchmarked against them.”  ",{"data":80380,"content":80381,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":80383,"content":80384,"nodeType":1458},{},[80385],{"data":80386,"marks":80387,"value":80388,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Max Corbridge | Head of Adversarial Simulation | JUMPSEC",{"data":80390,"content":80391,"nodeType":866},{},[80392],{"data":80393,"marks":80394,"value":80395,"nodeType":865},{},[],"“I’ve been a big fan of the matrix from day one. We use it for two main purposes – as a catalog of TTPs to apply during threat modeling exercises with cloud-native clients, and as a guide for how to apply novel TTPs to different apps and situations. The wiki descriptions, video demonstrations and references help enormously with this. ",{"data":80397,"content":80398,"nodeType":866},{},[80399,80403,80411,80414,80421,80424,80433,80436,80443],{"data":80400,"marks":80401,"value":80402,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve mostly relied on ",{"data":80404,"content":80405,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80278},[80406],{"data":80407,"marks":80408,"value":80410,"nodeType":865},{},[80409],{"type":997},"IM phishing",{"data":80412,"marks":80413,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80415,"content":80416,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79550},[80417],{"data":80418,"marks":80419,"value":79556,"nodeType":865},{},[80420],{"type":997},{"data":80422,"marks":80423,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80425,"content":80427,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80426},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/abuse_existing_oauth_integrations/description.md",[80428],{"data":80429,"marks":80430,"value":80432,"nodeType":865},{},[80431],{"type":997},"abusing OAuth integrations",{"data":80434,"marks":80435,"value":3892,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80437,"content":80438,"nodeType":882},{"uri":73449},[80439],{"data":80440,"marks":80441,"value":73455,"nodeType":865},{},[80442],{"type":997},{"data":80444,"marks":80445,"value":80446,"nodeType":865},{},[],". In one recent engagement, we were able to compromise a cloud identity with limited permissions in the target Azure environment. We were able to enumerate additional OAuth integrations to laterally move to a third-party IT Service Management SaaS application, which presented a much easier target to elevate privileges. We actually ended up finding a number of 0-days in the application, which we then used as a trusted platform to launch a covert spear-phishing campaign against specific high-privilege users, communicating back-and-forth as though we were a genuine support team, and hiding risky changes to cover our tracks. Ultimately we were able to pivot back into the target Azure estate, but now with administrative privileges. ",{"data":80448,"content":80449,"nodeType":866},{},[80450],{"data":80451,"marks":80452,"value":80453,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This really shows how third-party identities and apps are often the soft underbelly for a lot of otherwise pretty secure orgs that we work with, and we’re enjoying the challenge of finding new ways of getting to the crown jewels. ",{"data":80455,"content":80456,"nodeType":866},{},[80457],{"data":80458,"marks":80459,"value":80460,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In my eyes the world of cloud and SaaS-native attack techniques is under-researched for how increasingly relevant it is becoming. Many of the older TTPs and tradecraft are no longer relevant in a cloud-native world, and even when the techniques are consistent with the ways we used to target networks and endpoints, the context and how it actually works is completely different. So, resources like the SaaS attack matrix will continue to be needed for both offensive and defensive security practitioners going forwards”.",{"data":80462,"content":80463,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":80465,"content":80466,"nodeType":963},{},[80467],{"data":80468,"marks":80469,"value":80470,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Get involved!",{"data":80472,"content":80473,"nodeType":866},{},[80474],{"data":80475,"marks":80476,"value":80477,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hopefully you're now feeling inspired to get involved and start applying the SaaS attack matrix yourself. And if you’ve been using the matrix and want to share your experience with us, we’d love to hear from you. ",{"data":80479,"content":80480,"nodeType":866},{},[80481,80485,80492],{"data":80482,"marks":80483,"value":80484,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We hope to see your comments, discussions, or PRs on ",{"data":80486,"content":80487,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16737},[80488],{"data":80489,"marks":80490,"value":16742,"nodeType":865},{},[80491],{"type":997},{"data":80493,"marks":80494,"value":80495,"nodeType":865},{},[],"!",{"data":80497,"content":80498,"nodeType":866},{},[80499,80503,80512],{"data":80500,"marks":80501,"value":80502,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If this has piqued your interest, we’ve just released a 2024 edition of our SaaS attacks report: ",{"data":80504,"content":80506,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80505},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/book/saas-attacks-report/",[80507],{"data":80508,"marks":80509,"value":80511,"nodeType":865},{},[80510],{"type":997},"get your copy here",{"data":80513,"marks":80514,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80516,"content":80520,"nodeType":925},{"target":80517},{"sys":80518},{"id":80519,"type":922,"linkType":923},"J11G6XCdDAYu0GQbKGCnm",[],{"data":80522,"content":80523,"nodeType":866},{},[80524],{"data":80525,"marks":80526,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"entries":80528},{"hyperlink":80529,"inline":80530,"block":80531},[],[],[80532],{"sys":80533,"__typename":5631,"type":5632,"ctaText":80534,"buttonLabel":80535,"buttonColour":5635,"buttonUrl":80505},{"id":80519},"Check out the SaaS Attacks Report to learn about how identity attacks are the leading cause of SaaS breaches in 2024","Download the report",{"items":80537},[],{},"Reflecting on a year of SaaS identity attacks","2024-08-27T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":80542},[80543,81783,82441],{"__typename":1788,"sys":80544,"content":80546,"title":81769,"synopsis":81770,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":81771,"slug":81772,"tagsCollection":81773,"authorsCollection":81779},{"id":80545},"489LTCEVau7lh88tLgSPX5",{"json":80547},{"data":80548,"content":80549,"nodeType":1739},{},[80550,80557,80577,80584,80590,80597,80630,80636,80642,80649,80656,80662,80669,80689,80696,80703,80709,80716,80723,80771,80789,80796,80803,80810,80816,80823,80830,80837,80844,80851,80858,80870,80876,80883,80902,80920,80927,80934,80954,80961,80979,80986,81037,81044,81062,81069,81074,81091,81110,81117,81135,81142,81148,81155,81174,81181,81188,81194,81201,81208,81215,81222,81228,81235,81242,81249,81256,81262,81269,81276,81288,81304,81311,81318,81385,81392,81399,81406,81413,81420,81427,81434,81441,81459,81466,81472,81479,81485,81492,81499,81506,81512,81519,81526,81533,81566,81573,81580,81587,81594,81601,81608,81615,81622,81670,81676,81683,81727,81733,81740,81757,81763],{"data":80551,"content":80552,"nodeType":866},{},[80553],{"data":80554,"marks":80555,"value":80556,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The last time “hacking” topped the attacker actions chart in a Verizon DBIR, Gamestop was being saved by Redditors, ChatGPT didn’t exist, and Will Smith was welcome at the Oscars. ",{"data":80558,"content":80559,"nodeType":866},{},[80560,80564,80573],{"data":80561,"marks":80562,"value":80563,"nodeType":865},{},[],"That’s right, it was back in the ",{"data":80565,"content":80567,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80566},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/reports/dbir/2021/masters-guide/",[80568],{"data":80569,"marks":80570,"value":80572,"nodeType":865},{},[80571],{"type":997},"2021 DBIR",{"data":80574,"marks":80575,"value":80576,"nodeType":865},{},[]," that good old-fashioned hacking was the thing hackers did the most. ",{"data":80578,"content":80579,"nodeType":866},{},[80580],{"data":80581,"marks":80582,"value":80583,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In every report since, stolen credentials have been the most common “select way-in” (weird term, I know). In this year’s DBIR, stolen credentials accounted for roughly half of the breaches recorded. ",{"data":80585,"content":80589,"nodeType":925},{"target":80586},{"sys":80587},{"id":80588,"type":922,"linkType":923},"16WQ5Siz92HZKCjDsxWBdr",[],{"data":80591,"content":80592,"nodeType":866},{},[80593],{"data":80594,"marks":80595,"value":80596,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These stats, along with others like CrowdStrike’s widely cited “80% of attacks involve identity and compromised credentials,” continue to prove that “hackers don’t hack in, they log in.” ",{"data":80598,"content":80599,"nodeType":866},{},[80600,80604,80613,80617,80626],{"data":80601,"marks":80602,"value":80603,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the last year, more stories behind those statistics have started to emerge with a series of high profile “no-hack” identity attacks hitting the headlines – the most recent being the ",{"data":80605,"content":80607,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80606},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/snowflake-the-tip-of-the-iceberg/",[80608],{"data":80609,"marks":80610,"value":80612,"nodeType":865},{},[80611],{"type":997},"Snowflake incident",{"data":80614,"marks":80615,"value":80616,"nodeType":865},{},[],". You can read more about that breach and others in our repository of ",{"data":80618,"content":80620,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80619},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/",[80621],{"data":80622,"marks":80623,"value":80625,"nodeType":865},{},[80624],{"type":997},"identity attacks in the wild",{"data":80627,"marks":80628,"value":80629,"nodeType":865},{},[]," where we take a deep dive into the techniques attackers have been using. ",{"data":80631,"content":80635,"nodeType":925},{"target":80632},{"sys":80633},{"id":80634,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6QY3hnMLMJvnk6zYHYa6pf",[],{"data":80637,"content":80641,"nodeType":925},{"target":80638},{"sys":80639},{"id":80640,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7oAUuhbwgEH5XnDZrm5Zk9",[],{"data":80643,"content":80644,"nodeType":866},{},[80645],{"data":80646,"marks":80647,"value":80648,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Why should they go to the effort of targeting hardened and well-monitored attack surfaces like networks and endpoints with 0-day exploits or EDR-evading malware, when they can instead simply take a set of stolen credentials and fire them at popular business apps to see which pop open?",{"data":80650,"content":80651,"nodeType":866},{},[80652],{"data":80653,"marks":80654,"value":80655,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Taking over an account is the equivalent of compromising an endpoint or getting a foothold on a web-facing server. From this point, an attacker can move laterally, escalate their privileges, and achieve their objective of deploying ransomware, stealing data or disrupting business-critical systems. ",{"data":80657,"content":80661,"nodeType":925},{"target":80658},{"sys":80659},{"id":80660,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3vdbE3kqFxvhE145q2CwOy",[],{"data":80663,"content":80664,"nodeType":866},{},[80665],{"data":80666,"marks":80667,"value":80668,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The data shows that account takeover, whether it’s using stolen credentials or session tokens, is now the route of least resistance for attackers, and the #1 attack vector for security teams to defend against.",{"data":80670,"content":80671,"nodeType":866},{},[80672,80676,80685],{"data":80673,"marks":80674,"value":80675,"nodeType":865},{},[],"I’m sure you already use a number of tools to secure your workforce identities – MFA, SSO, EDR, etc., and all of them have an important role to play. That said, they also have limitations that attackers are exploiting. We’ve laid out some of the ",{"data":80677,"content":80679,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80678},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/5-reasons-why-push-security-shouldnt-exist/",[80680],{"data":80681,"marks":80682,"value":80684,"nodeType":865},{},[80683],{"type":997},"typical misconceptions that can undermine an identity security strategy",{"data":80686,"marks":80687,"value":80688,"nodeType":865},{},[]," so you can avoid the common pitfalls and achieve defense in depth.",{"data":80690,"content":80691,"nodeType":963},{},[80692],{"data":80693,"marks":80694,"value":80695,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push vs. account takeover techniques",{"data":80697,"content":80698,"nodeType":866},{},[80699],{"data":80700,"marks":80701,"value":80702,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this article, we’re going to show you how to use Push to bolster your identity security strategy and prevent account takeover. More specifically, we’ll cover how Push prevents, detects, and blocks some of the common attack techniques seen in this account takeover attack chain:",{"data":80704,"content":80708,"nodeType":925},{"target":80705},{"sys":80706},{"id":80707,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1FPMzCU0mBgpg1GMSz1sJH",[],{"data":80710,"content":80711,"nodeType":866},{},[80712],{"data":80713,"marks":80714,"value":80715,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push uses browser data collected by our browser agent to either detect the attack techniques directly, or identify the vulnerabilities being exploited. Upon making a detection, the browser agent enforces a relevant security control to either block the attack or prevent the user from introducing a vulnerability.",{"data":80717,"content":80718,"nodeType":866},{},[80719],{"data":80720,"marks":80721,"value":80722,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re wondering why we’ve opted to build our tool in the browser, the short answer is that being in the browser gives us:",{"data":80724,"content":80725,"nodeType":1049},{},[80726,80741,80756],{"data":80727,"content":80728,"nodeType":1003},{},[80729],{"data":80730,"content":80731,"nodeType":866},{},[80732,80737],{"data":80733,"marks":80734,"value":80736,"nodeType":865},{},[80735],{"type":961},"The broadest visibility",{"data":80738,"marks":80739,"value":80740,"nodeType":865},{},[]," across all workforce identities, including unmanaged identities outside your IdP.",{"data":80742,"content":80743,"nodeType":1003},{},[80744],{"data":80745,"content":80746,"nodeType":866},{},[80747,80752],{"data":80748,"marks":80749,"value":80751,"nodeType":865},{},[80750],{"type":961},"The best telemetry",{"data":80753,"marks":80754,"value":80755,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for detecting identity attack TTPs and tools.",{"data":80757,"content":80758,"nodeType":1003},{},[80759],{"data":80760,"content":80761,"nodeType":866},{},[80762,80767],{"data":80763,"marks":80764,"value":80766,"nodeType":865},{},[80765],{"type":961},"The perfect enforcement point",{"data":80768,"marks":80769,"value":80770,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for stopping attacker actions or risky employee actions in real time. ",{"data":80772,"content":80773,"nodeType":866},{},[80774,80778,80786],{"data":80775,"marks":80776,"value":80777,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want a more detailed technical explanation, you can read this article by Dan on ",{"data":80779,"content":80780,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72573},[80781],{"data":80782,"marks":80783,"value":80785,"nodeType":865},{},[80784],{"type":997},"why browser data is a better source of telemetry for detecting identity attacks than network, IdP and app logs",{"data":80787,"marks":80788,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80790,"content":80791,"nodeType":866},{},[80792],{"data":80793,"marks":80794,"value":80795,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now we’ve cleared that up, let's look at some account takeover techniques.",{"data":80797,"content":80798,"nodeType":963},{},[80799],{"data":80800,"marks":80801,"value":80802,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Part 1: Phishing (including AitM and BitM toolkits)",{"data":80804,"content":80805,"nodeType":866},{},[80806],{"data":80807,"marks":80808,"value":80809,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing has been around since forever and there’s a mature category of solutions that are designed to detect and prevent it. But despite solutions like security awareness training, phishing domain detection services and email filtering tools, phishing is still one of the top breach vectors. ",{"data":80811,"content":80815,"nodeType":925},{"target":80812},{"sys":80813},{"id":80814,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4urh9lIuo0ePgVIJZNtP2B",[],{"data":80817,"content":80818,"nodeType":866},{},[80819],{"data":80820,"marks":80821,"value":80822,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve all been conditioned to think about phishing as something that happens over email, but it’s actually the browser where most of the action happens, regardless of the initial delivery channel. Push’s position in the browser gives you the ideal vantage point for detecting and stopping phishing attacks.",{"data":80824,"content":80825,"nodeType":866},{},[80826],{"data":80827,"marks":80828,"value":80829,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Push browser agent performs both passive observation and active interrogation in order to detect employees having their passwords harvested or visiting cloned app login pages or pages using AitM/BitM toolkits. Phishing attacks are detected in real time so Push blocks them before your employees can enter their credentials.",{"data":80831,"content":80832,"nodeType":1458},{},[80833],{"data":80834,"marks":80835,"value":80836,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting phishing through user behavior",{"data":80838,"content":80839,"nodeType":866},{},[80840],{"data":80841,"marks":80842,"value":80843,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Rather than trying to detect phishing websites and domains that constantly change, Push detects and blocks phishing attempts based on observing user behavior in the browser.",{"data":80845,"content":80846,"nodeType":866},{},[80847],{"data":80848,"marks":80849,"value":80850,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push does this by observing all logins and generating a fingerprint (or technically a k-anonymized salted partial hash) of the user’s password. This fingerprint is then stored locally to allow Push to perform comparisons.",{"data":80852,"content":80853,"nodeType":866},{},[80854],{"data":80855,"marks":80856,"value":80857,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To detect potential phishing attacks, the browser agent compares the observed password fingerprint to known fingerprints for passwords that already exist in local storage.",{"data":80859,"content":80860,"nodeType":866},{},[80861,80866],{"data":80862,"marks":80863,"value":80865,"nodeType":865},{},[80864],{"type":961},"This means that it works even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site: ",{"data":80867,"marks":80868,"value":80869,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push still detects it and blocks it before your employee can submit their credentials. It also works regardless of the delivery vector used to get the phishing link to the intended victim.",{"data":80871,"content":80875,"nodeType":925},{"target":80872},{"sys":80873},{"id":80874,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2V2My5IpdVUwh4QugqInUw",[],{"data":80877,"content":80878,"nodeType":866},{},[80879],{"data":80880,"marks":80881,"value":80882,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once you’ve discovered a malicious site, you can use Push’s companion feature, URL blocking, to add the domain to a blocklist and prevent your other end-users from even visiting the site.",{"data":80884,"content":80885,"nodeType":866},{},[80886,80890,80898],{"data":80887,"marks":80888,"value":80889,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can programmatically manage URL blocking as part of responding to an attempted phishing incident by using the ",{"data":80891,"content":80893,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80892},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/rest-v1/",[80894],{"data":80895,"marks":80896,"value":80897,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push REST API",{"data":80899,"marks":80900,"value":80901,"nodeType":865},{},[]," to automatically add URLs to the blocklist or to sync with other threat intelligence sources of known-bad sites.",{"data":80903,"content":80904,"nodeType":866},{},[80905,80909,80917],{"data":80906,"marks":80907,"value":80908,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can find out more about this control in this ",{"data":80910,"content":80911,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68273},[80912],{"data":80913,"marks":80914,"value":80916,"nodeType":865},{},[80915],{"type":997},"deep-dive article",{"data":80918,"marks":80919,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80921,"content":80922,"nodeType":1458},{},[80923],{"data":80924,"marks":80925,"value":80926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting cloned login pages",{"data":80928,"content":80929,"nodeType":866},{},[80930],{"data":80931,"marks":80932,"value":80933,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s now very easy for attackers to create cloned login pages that appear to be legitimate, tricking users into providing their credentials. ",{"data":80935,"content":80936,"nodeType":866},{},[80937,80941,80950],{"data":80938,"marks":80939,"value":80940,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There’s a number of phishing kits that allow the attacker to simply copy the HTML code from a legitimate website and duplicate it on the malicious site, creating a virtually identical interface that tricks users into entering their credentials. A final sprinkle of typosquatting techniques completes the illusion of legitimacy. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ",{"data":80942,"content":80944,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80943},"https://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2024/03/fcc-staff-targeted-phishing-attack-cloned-agency-login-site/394609/",[80945],{"data":80946,"marks":80947,"value":80949,"nodeType":865},{},[80948],{"type":997},"was a recent target",{"data":80951,"marks":80952,"value":80953,"nodeType":865},{},[]," of this kind of attack. ",{"data":80955,"content":80956,"nodeType":866},{},[80957],{"data":80958,"marks":80959,"value":80960,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push’s cloned app detection feature detects fraudulent login pages by inspecting the resources and structure of pages users log into and fingerprinting them so they can be used to detect when that action occurs on the wrong domain. ",{"data":80962,"content":80963,"nodeType":866},{},[80964,80968,80976],{"data":80965,"marks":80966,"value":80967,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can ",{"data":80969,"content":80971,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80970},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-cloned-login-page-detection/",[80972],{"data":80973,"marks":80974,"value":80975,"nodeType":865},{},[],"read more about this feature here",{"data":80977,"marks":80978,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":80980,"content":80981,"nodeType":1458},{},[80982],{"data":80983,"marks":80984,"value":80985,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting AitM and BitM toolkits",{"data":80987,"content":80988,"nodeType":866},{},[80989,80993,81001,81004,81012,81015,81023,81026,81034],{"data":80990,"marks":80991,"value":80992,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing is a technique that uses dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application, principally to bypass MFA. As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, making this technique difficult to spot. Popular AitM toolkits include ",{"data":80994,"content":80996,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80995},"https://github.com/drk1wi/Modlishka",[80997],{"data":80998,"marks":80999,"value":81000,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Modlishka",{"data":81002,"marks":81003,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81005,"content":81007,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81006},"https://github.com/muraenateam/muraena",[81008],{"data":81009,"marks":81010,"value":81011,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Muraena",{"data":81013,"marks":81014,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81016,"content":81018,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81017},"https://github.com/kgretzky/evilginx2",[81019],{"data":81020,"marks":81021,"value":81022,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Evilginx",{"data":81024,"marks":81025,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81027,"content":81029,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81028},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/evilproxy-uses-indeedcom-open-redirect-for-microsoft-365-phishing/",[81030],{"data":81031,"marks":81032,"value":81033,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Evilproxy",{"data":81035,"marks":81036,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81038,"content":81039,"nodeType":866},{},[81040],{"data":81041,"marks":81042,"value":81043,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) toolkits are different to AitM toolkits because they don’t act as a reverse proxy. Instead, they trick their victim into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser using remote desktop screen sharing and control approaches — think of this like VNC or RDP but using the browser as a client. This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to log in to an app for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards.",{"data":81045,"content":81046,"nodeType":866},{},[81047,81051,81059],{"data":81048,"marks":81049,"value":81050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve conducted a lot of research into AitM and BitM toolkits recently. If you want to learn more about how they work and see a demo of them in action, ",{"data":81052,"content":81053,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79905},[81054],{"data":81055,"marks":81056,"value":81058,"nodeType":865},{},[81057],{"type":997},"head over here",{"data":81060,"marks":81061,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81063,"content":81064,"nodeType":866},{},[81065],{"data":81066,"marks":81067,"value":81068,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push gives you a preconfigured set of detections for AitM and BitM toolkits, informed by our threat detection team’s research into their behavior. This phishing tool detection feature will automatically prevent users from accessing a site that’s running one of these malicious tools, and display a custom warning message to your end-users.",{"data":81070,"content":81073,"nodeType":925},{"target":81071},{"sys":81072},{"id":77306,"type":922,"linkType":923},[],{"data":81075,"content":81076,"nodeType":866},{},[81077,81081,81087],{"data":81078,"marks":81079,"value":81080,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Administrators can also consume phishing tool detection events via the ",{"data":81082,"content":81083,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80892},[81084],{"data":81085,"marks":81086,"value":80897,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81088,"marks":81089,"value":81090,"nodeType":865},{},[]," into their SIEM or use Push’s webhooks to alert when a warn or block event has occurred.",{"data":81092,"content":81093,"nodeType":866},{},[81094,81098,81107],{"data":81095,"marks":81096,"value":81097,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can read a full write-up of this feature if you want to ",{"data":81099,"content":81101,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81100},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-aitm-phishing-toolkit-detection-powered-by-the-push-browser/",[81102],{"data":81103,"marks":81104,"value":81106,"nodeType":865},{},[81105],{"type":997},"learn more",{"data":81108,"marks":81109,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81111,"content":81112,"nodeType":963},{},[81113],{"data":81114,"marks":81115,"value":81116,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Part 2: Infostealer malware",{"data":81118,"content":81119,"nodeType":866},{},[81120,81124,81131],{"data":81121,"marks":81122,"value":81123,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The recent ",{"data":81125,"content":81126,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16619},[81127],{"data":81128,"marks":81129,"value":3909,"nodeType":865},{},[81130],{"type":997},{"data":81132,"marks":81133,"value":81134,"nodeType":865},{},[]," highlighted how infostealer malware is becoming a serious issue for security teams. As well as being able to steal credentials for account takeover, infostealers can also be used to steal session tokens which then allow the attacker to assume an already authorized session without needing to bypass MFA.   ",{"data":81136,"content":81137,"nodeType":866},{},[81138],{"data":81139,"marks":81140,"value":81141,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers. ",{"data":81143,"content":81147,"nodeType":925},{"target":81144},{"sys":81145},{"id":81146,"type":922,"linkType":923},"66B5MBFIhbmky7VuLGbuM3",[],{"data":81149,"content":81150,"nodeType":866},{},[81151],{"data":81152,"marks":81153,"value":81154,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Infostealers are primarily being used by Initial Access Brokers to harvest credentials and session tokens that they then sell to other threat actors intent on executing more penetrating attacks (e.g. ransomware).  ",{"data":81156,"content":81157,"nodeType":866},{},[81158,81162,81171],{"data":81159,"marks":81160,"value":81161,"nodeType":865},{},[],"EDR is seen as the go-to solution for defending against infostealer malware. However, attackers are always looking for ways to get around security controls by obfuscating malicious behavior and evading signature-based checks. For example, ",{"data":81163,"content":81165,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81164},"https://thehackernews.com/2024/07/microsoft-defender-flaw-exploited-to.html",[81166],{"data":81167,"marks":81168,"value":81170,"nodeType":865},{},[81169],{"type":997},"a flaw in Microsoft Defender SmartScreen was recently exploited to deliver infostealer malware",{"data":81172,"marks":81173,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81175,"content":81176,"nodeType":866},{},[81177],{"data":81178,"marks":81179,"value":81180,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Getting total coverage across your endpoint estate is notoriously difficult, if not totally unrealistic. Unless the malware is stopped on execution, then data will inevitably be stolen, and will continue to be taken until stopped (or it self-terminates). And once an attacker has stolen employee credentials or sessions, the credential stuffing and session hijacking attacks that come next won’t touch the endpoint. ",{"data":81182,"content":81183,"nodeType":866},{},[81184],{"data":81185,"marks":81186,"value":81187,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For those reasons, you can’t rely on EDR as a single line of defense against infostealers. Push gives you those extra layers of defense to stop account takeover attempts that use stolen credentials and sessions.",{"data":81189,"content":81193,"nodeType":925},{"target":81190},{"sys":81191},{"id":81192,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4YB6DLIE5TvaAsAAUoJd5v",[],{"data":81195,"content":81196,"nodeType":1458},{},[81197],{"data":81198,"marks":81199,"value":81200,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting stolen sessions ",{"data":81202,"content":81203,"nodeType":866},{},[81204],{"data":81205,"marks":81206,"value":81207,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push uses its browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. You then add the list of domains where you wish to inject the marker into sessions, such as an identity provider like Okta or Microsoft. ",{"data":81209,"content":81210,"nodeType":866},{},[81211],{"data":81212,"marks":81213,"value":81214,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":81216,"content":81217,"nodeType":866},{},[81218],{"data":81219,"marks":81220,"value":81221,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is being used by an attacker. It’s certainly a lot cleaner than relying on IP-based or geolocation-based signals, which result in frequent false positives.",{"data":81223,"content":81227,"nodeType":925},{"target":81224},{"sys":81225},{"id":81226,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1XNNkaoW64t3PPvC54KGXF",[],{"data":81229,"content":81230,"nodeType":1458},{},[81231],{"data":81232,"marks":81233,"value":81234,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting stolen credentials being sold on the dark web",{"data":81236,"content":81237,"nodeType":866},{},[81238],{"data":81239,"marks":81240,"value":81241,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push integrates stolen credential threat intelligence and alerts you when your employees’ credentials are being sold on the dark web. ",{"data":81243,"content":81244,"nodeType":866},{},[81245],{"data":81246,"marks":81247,"value":81248,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Commercial TI feeds of stolen credentials have been available for some time. But what we’ve found is that the false-positive rate is incredibly high and the vast majority of credentials are no longer in use.",{"data":81250,"content":81251,"nodeType":866},{},[81252],{"data":81253,"marks":81254,"value":81255,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push validates that leaked credentials match those that are currently being used by your employees to authenticate on any apps they are using in the browser. That means that any alerts or automated actions generated by Push are actionable true positives, cutting out a huge amount of noise and saving your security team time. ",{"data":81257,"content":81261,"nodeType":925},{"target":81258},{"sys":81259},{"id":81260,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3RnPM0ioGWi3CFMLkxQanO",[],{"data":81263,"content":81264,"nodeType":963},{},[81265],{"data":81266,"marks":81267,"value":81268,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Part 3: Credential stuffing",{"data":81270,"content":81271,"nodeType":866},{},[81272],{"data":81273,"marks":81274,"value":81275,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The previous sections looked at how Push detects and stops common techniques used for stealing and acquiring credentials. We’re now going to cover how Push stops stolen credentials from being used to access and take over employee accounts. ",{"data":81277,"content":81278,"nodeType":866},{},[81279,81284],{"data":81280,"marks":81281,"value":81283,"nodeType":865},{},[81282],{"type":961},"Credential stuffing ",{"data":81285,"marks":81286,"value":81287,"nodeType":865},{},[],"is when attackers use tools that automate the process of taking a list of stolen passwords and retargeting those credentials against different apps.",{"data":81289,"content":81290,"nodeType":866},{},[81291,81295,81300],{"data":81292,"marks":81293,"value":81294,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Closely related to credential stuffing is ",{"data":81296,"marks":81297,"value":81299,"nodeType":865},{},[81298],{"type":961},"password spraying",{"data":81301,"marks":81302,"value":81303,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Instead of using stolen credentials, an attacker uses a list of commonly used usernames and passwords to attempt to compromise accounts. ",{"data":81305,"content":81306,"nodeType":866},{},[81307],{"data":81308,"marks":81309,"value":81310,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Both credential stuffing and password spraying are high-volume, automated attacks, and they are an unrelenting problem for most businesses. Microsoft observes 4,000 of them every second and nearly half of all login requests Auth0 receive each day are attempts at credential stuffing. ",{"data":81312,"content":81313,"nodeType":866},{},[81314],{"data":81315,"marks":81316,"value":81317,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The true scale of the problem is hard to grasp, as neither app vendors nor users have effective means of monitoring for unauthorized access. Typically these breaches are only detected when:",{"data":81319,"content":81320,"nodeType":1049},{},[81321,81341,81363],{"data":81322,"content":81323,"nodeType":1003},{},[81324],{"data":81325,"content":81326,"nodeType":866},{},[81327,81331,81338],{"data":81328,"marks":81329,"value":81330,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker leaks the data they’ve stolen, like in the ",{"data":81332,"content":81333,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16619},[81334],{"data":81335,"marks":81336,"value":3909,"nodeType":865},{},[81337],{"type":997},{"data":81339,"marks":81340,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81342,"content":81343,"nodeType":1003},{},[81344],{"data":81345,"content":81346,"nodeType":866},{},[81347,81351,81360],{"data":81348,"marks":81349,"value":81350,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attacker deploys ransomware that results in business disruption, like that suffered by ",{"data":81352,"content":81354,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81353},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-mgm-resorts-september-2023",[81355],{"data":81356,"marks":81357,"value":81359,"nodeType":865},{},[81358],{"type":997},"MGM resorts",{"data":81361,"marks":81362,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81364,"content":81365,"nodeType":1003},{},[81366],{"data":81367,"content":81368,"nodeType":866},{},[81369,81373,81382],{"data":81370,"marks":81371,"value":81372,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The attackers use a compromised account to do something deliberately in the public eye. For example, when the SEC’s X (formerly Twitter) account was compromised and ",{"data":81374,"content":81376,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81375},"https://incyber.org/en/article/fake-sec-tweet-triggers-bitcoin-surge/#:~:text=The%20fake%20headline%20convinced%20a,an%20unauthorized%20tweet%20was%20posted.",[81377],{"data":81378,"marks":81379,"value":81381,"nodeType":865},{},[81380],{"type":997},"sent out a message announcing the approval of Bitcoin ETF",{"data":81383,"marks":81384,"value":74140,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81386,"content":81387,"nodeType":866},{},[81388],{"data":81389,"marks":81390,"value":81391,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push gives you a number of controls to combat attacks using stolen and guessed passwords, both to prevent them from occurring, and detect them when they do.",{"data":81393,"content":81394,"nodeType":1458},{},[81395],{"data":81396,"marks":81397,"value":81398,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Prevent employees using credentials that have already been stolen and leaked",{"data":81400,"content":81401,"nodeType":866},{},[81402],{"data":81403,"marks":81404,"value":81405,"nodeType":865},{},[],"First, let's stop your employees from using any credentials that have already been stolen and are available to attackers for use in a credential-stuffing attack. ",{"data":81407,"content":81408,"nodeType":866},{},[81409],{"data":81410,"marks":81411,"value":81412,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push monitors stolen credential threat intelligence and compares it to the credentials employees are currently using to access their apps. ",{"data":81414,"content":81415,"nodeType":866},{},[81416],{"data":81417,"marks":81418,"value":81419,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You might be wondering, “Does that mean Push sees all our employees’ passwords!?” No. Rather, we use a fingerprint of each password and it's checked locally in the users’ browser and never leaves it. ",{"data":81421,"content":81422,"nodeType":866},{},[81423],{"data":81424,"marks":81425,"value":81426,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When we get a match – a stolen password that could successfully be used in a credential-stuffing attack – Push alerts you.",{"data":81428,"content":81429,"nodeType":1458},{},[81430],{"data":81431,"marks":81432,"value":81433,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Enforce MFA on all employee accounts",{"data":81435,"content":81436,"nodeType":866},{},[81437],{"data":81438,"marks":81439,"value":81440,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Next step is to secure the accounts most vulnerable to a credential stuffing attack – those that only use a password for single-factor authentication. ",{"data":81442,"content":81443,"nodeType":866},{},[81444,81448,81456],{"data":81445,"marks":81446,"value":81447,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you’re using SSO to access apps, then it’s easy to overlook instances where local accounts (e.g. username and password logins) are missing MFA – particularly if you’re relying on an IdP solution to audit and enforce MFA. ",{"data":81449,"content":81450,"nodeType":882},{"uri":10340},[81451],{"data":81452,"marks":81453,"value":81455,"nodeType":865},{},[81454],{"type":997},"You can read more about this problem in our blog post on ghost logins",{"data":81457,"marks":81458,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81460,"content":81461,"nodeType":866},{},[81462],{"data":81463,"marks":81464,"value":81465,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push observes every login made by your employees (both inside and outside SSO) and inspects the authentication protocols used. Accounts that are missing MFA are identified and presented to you in the Push platform.",{"data":81467,"content":81471,"nodeType":925},{"target":81468},{"sys":81469},{"id":81470,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4t1PHxzadoTBjtJua6dzuJ",[],{"data":81473,"content":81474,"nodeType":866},{},[81475],{"data":81476,"marks":81477,"value":81478,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can then use Push to enforce MFA on employee accounts, or present them with in-browser guidance requesting that they enable it themselves.  ",{"data":81480,"content":81484,"nodeType":925},{"target":81481},{"sys":81482},{"id":81483,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3JSTEJGtLT0hfwnkpLRP4K",[],{"data":81486,"content":81487,"nodeType":1458},{},[81488],{"data":81489,"marks":81490,"value":81491,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Prevent multiple accounts being compromised by credential stuffing due to password reuse",{"data":81493,"content":81494,"nodeType":866},{},[81495],{"data":81496,"marks":81497,"value":81498,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The credential stuffing tools that attackers use will target a long list of popular business apps. If a password is reused across multiple apps and is breached, the blast radius is naturally increased – the attacker will be able to hijack multiple accounts, across numerous business applications.",{"data":81500,"content":81501,"nodeType":866},{},[81502],{"data":81503,"marks":81504,"value":81505,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push detects when employees are trying to use the same password across multiple apps. When this happens, you can request that they change their password.",{"data":81507,"content":81511,"nodeType":925},{"target":81508},{"sys":81509},{"id":81510,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7ARHp2JPiHeKRYHwa2jwIZ",[],{"data":81513,"content":81514,"nodeType":1458},{},[81515],{"data":81516,"marks":81517,"value":81518,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Prevent password spraying breaches",{"data":81520,"content":81521,"nodeType":866},{},[81522],{"data":81523,"marks":81524,"value":81525,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To stop your employees’ accounts from being breached by password spraying attacks, Push checks every password to see if it is easily guessable for attackers.",{"data":81527,"content":81528,"nodeType":866},{},[81529],{"data":81530,"marks":81531,"value":81532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To determine if a password is easily guessable, the Push browser agent automatically checks the password against:",{"data":81534,"content":81535,"nodeType":1049},{},[81536,81546,81556],{"data":81537,"content":81538,"nodeType":1003},{},[81539],{"data":81540,"content":81541,"nodeType":866},{},[81542],{"data":81543,"marks":81544,"value":81545,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A list of top 10,000 weak base passwords.",{"data":81547,"content":81548,"nodeType":1003},{},[81549],{"data":81550,"content":81551,"nodeType":866},{},[81552],{"data":81553,"marks":81554,"value":81555,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Number and special character variations on these weak base passwords, for example: Password1! or January2022.",{"data":81557,"content":81558,"nodeType":1003},{},[81559],{"data":81560,"content":81561,"nodeType":866},{},[81562],{"data":81563,"marks":81564,"value":81565,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Variations on these weak base passwords that replace letters with numerals (1337), for example: P455w0rd.",{"data":81567,"content":81568,"nodeType":866},{},[81569],{"data":81570,"marks":81571,"value":81572,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can also add your own custom word list that employees and attackers will predictably try and use. Push will then stop those words being used as part of passwords.",{"data":81574,"content":81575,"nodeType":1458},{},[81576],{"data":81577,"marks":81578,"value":81579,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detect unauthorized sessions  ",{"data":81581,"content":81582,"nodeType":866},{},[81583],{"data":81584,"marks":81585,"value":81586,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Once you have enabled all the Push controls that prevent employees from creating and using accounts that can be easily compromised by credential stuffing and password spraying attacks, the next line of defense is to detect when accounts are taken over.",{"data":81588,"content":81589,"nodeType":866},{},[81590],{"data":81591,"marks":81592,"value":81593,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push uses its browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. You then add the list of domains that you want to have injected with the session marker. ",{"data":81595,"content":81596,"nodeType":866},{},[81597],{"data":81598,"marks":81599,"value":81600,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This indicates that the session is not being used by the legitimate user (your employees) in their usual work browser, and could be an attacker using their account. ",{"data":81602,"content":81603,"nodeType":1458},{},[81604],{"data":81605,"marks":81606,"value":81607,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Reduce your identity attack surface",{"data":81609,"content":81610,"nodeType":866},{},[81611],{"data":81612,"marks":81613,"value":81614,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Finally, you’ll likely want to reduce your attack surface that can be targeted by credential stuffing. In other words, reduce the number of username and password accounts your employees have. ",{"data":81616,"content":81617,"nodeType":866},{},[81618],{"data":81619,"marks":81620,"value":81621,"nodeType":865},{},[],"There are a few ways that Push can help you do this.",{"data":81623,"content":81624,"nodeType":1049},{},[81625,81640,81655],{"data":81626,"content":81627,"nodeType":1003},{},[81628],{"data":81629,"content":81630,"nodeType":866},{},[81631,81636],{"data":81632,"marks":81633,"value":81635,"nodeType":865},{},[81634],{"type":961},"Block access to unapproved apps",{"data":81637,"marks":81638,"value":81639,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Using Push, you can create a block list of apps that you don’t want your users to create accounts and identities on.",{"data":81641,"content":81642,"nodeType":1003},{},[81643],{"data":81644,"content":81645,"nodeType":866},{},[81646,81651],{"data":81647,"marks":81648,"value":81650,"nodeType":865},{},[81649],{"type":961},"Use app banners to stop users from creating local accounts",{"data":81652,"marks":81653,"value":81654,"nodeType":865},{},[],". When an employee goes to sign up to an app, Push will present an app banner that tells them to use their SSO identity and not to create a username and password account.",{"data":81656,"content":81657,"nodeType":1003},{},[81658],{"data":81659,"content":81660,"nodeType":866},{},[81661,81666],{"data":81662,"marks":81663,"value":81665,"nodeType":865},{},[81664],{"type":961},"Get existing accounts and apps behind SSO",{"data":81667,"marks":81668,"value":81669,"nodeType":865},{},[],". Push shows you how your employees are logging in to every account on every app, including whether they’re using SAML or OIDC SSO. Armed with this data, you can get your employees to use your preferred SSO solution on the apps where it’s already available, and look into whether other popular apps being used in the business offer SSO.",{"data":81671,"content":81675,"nodeType":925},{"target":81672},{"sys":81673},{"id":81674,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3y8L55hbcQaRYPCdYYb3xA",[],{"data":81677,"content":81678,"nodeType":963},{},[81679],{"data":81680,"marks":81681,"value":81682,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stop account takeover at the push of a button",{"data":81684,"content":81685,"nodeType":866},{},[81686,81690,81698,81702,81707,81710,81715,81719,81723],{"data":81687,"marks":81688,"value":81689,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve described a lot of controls in this article. The good news is that they’re all pre-configured on the the ",{"data":81691,"content":81693,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81692},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/manage-security-controls/#start",[81694],{"data":81695,"marks":81696,"value":81697,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Controls",{"data":81699,"marks":81700,"value":81701,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page in the Push platform. When you get started with Push, you can simply turn on all the controls you want, and decide whether you want them to work in ",{"data":81703,"marks":81704,"value":81706,"nodeType":865},{},[81705],{"type":961},"monitor",{"data":81708,"marks":81709,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81711,"marks":81712,"value":81714,"nodeType":865},{},[81713],{"type":961},"warn",{"data":81716,"marks":81717,"value":81718,"nodeType":865},{},[]," mode or ",{"data":81720,"marks":81721,"value":87,"nodeType":865},{},[81722],{"type":961},{"data":81724,"marks":81725,"value":81726,"nodeType":865},{},[]," mode.    ",{"data":81728,"content":81732,"nodeType":925},{"target":81729},{"sys":81730},{"id":81731,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6FCuO78yQMNZvkcbcALmis",[],{"data":81734,"content":81735,"nodeType":1458},{},[81736],{"data":81737,"marks":81738,"value":81739,"nodeType":865},{},[],"See it for yourself",{"data":81741,"content":81742,"nodeType":866},{},[81743,81747,81753],{"data":81744,"marks":81745,"value":81746,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To learn more, ",{"data":81748,"content":81749,"nodeType":882},{"uri":13728},[81750],{"data":81751,"marks":81752,"value":23937,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":81754,"marks":81755,"value":81756,"nodeType":865},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you these features, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO.",{"data":81758,"content":81762,"nodeType":925},{"target":81759},{"sys":81760},{"id":81761,"type":922,"linkType":923},"4IRtR9zicpB7lXdz2RvIlK",[],{"data":81764,"content":81765,"nodeType":866},{},[81766],{"data":81767,"marks":81768,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hackers don’t hack in, they log in: How to prevent account takeover with Push","How Push stops attackers from using identity attack tools and techniques to compromise your employee user accounts. ","2024-08-19T00:00:00.000Z","how-to-prevent-account-takeover-with-push",{"items":81774},[81775,81777],{"sys":81776,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"sys":81778,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"items":81780},[81781],{"fullName":5029,"firstName":5030,"jobTitle":3776,"profilePicture":81782},{"url":5032},{"__typename":1788,"sys":81784,"content":81785,"title":38248,"synopsis":82429,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":82430,"slug":38249,"tagsCollection":82431,"authorsCollection":82437},{"id":17281},{"json":81786},{"data":81787,"content":81788,"nodeType":1739},{},[81789,81796,81803,81827,81833,81840,81847,81850,81857,81877,81883,81890,81931,81938,81945,81952,81959,81966,81973,81991,81999,82002,82009,82016,82023,82030,82037,82044,82051,82099,82106,82113,82120,82140,82147,82154,82161,82168,82175,82182,82189,82206,82223,82266,82273,82280,82343,82350,82353,82360,82376,82394,82401,82407,82413,82416,82422],{"data":81790,"content":81791,"nodeType":866},{},[81792],{"data":81793,"marks":81794,"value":81795,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The field of threat detection and security monitoring has changed significantly over the last decade. Security tools and product categories have been added and replaced, specialist disciplines established, and methodologies created. ",{"data":81797,"content":81798,"nodeType":866},{},[81799],{"data":81800,"marks":81801,"value":81802,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Naturally, defenders have had to mature their approach because of the changing nature of the threat facing organizations. Attackers have always looked for new ways to target their victims, and naturally, defenders have had to adapt, forcing attackers to change things up… it’s a cat and mouse game. ",{"data":81804,"content":81805,"nodeType":866},{},[81806,81810,81818,81822],{"data":81807,"marks":81808,"value":81809,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Blue teamers have used the concept of the ",{"data":81811,"content":81813,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81812},"https://detect-respond.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-pyramid-of-pain.html",[81814],{"data":81815,"marks":81816,"value":8561,"nodeType":865},{},[81817],{"type":997},{"data":81819,"marks":81820,"value":81821,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for over a decade. The logic is simple: ",{"data":81823,"marks":81824,"value":81826,"nodeType":865},{},[81825],{"type":961},"Focus on detecting and responding to indicators that are hard for attackers to change. ",{"data":81828,"content":81832,"nodeType":925},{"target":81829},{"sys":81830},{"id":81831,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6cG2fx3AikwptyEyXKrYCK",[],{"data":81834,"content":81835,"nodeType":866},{},[81836],{"data":81837,"marks":81838,"value":81839,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If an attacker only has to tweak a variable to get around your detection rule, like adding a space to change a hash value, it’s probably not a very good detection. It’s not going to remain effective for long and you’re always going to be one step behind the attacker – waiting for them to make their next move so you can react. This usually ends up meaning that attackers enjoy at least some success before they can be shut out again. ",{"data":81841,"content":81842,"nodeType":866},{},[81843],{"data":81844,"marks":81845,"value":81846,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Pyramid of Pain – and the goal of implementing hard-to-bypass detections that hit attackers where it hurts – is central to our design philosophy. But before we get into how we apply this approach, and the types of controls we’ve created as a result, it’s useful to look at how IT and security have changed since the Pyramid was created more than a decade ago. ",{"data":81848,"content":81849,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":81851,"content":81852,"nodeType":963},{},[81853],{"data":81854,"marks":81855,"value":81856,"nodeType":865},{},[],"A new era for cyber security",{"data":81858,"content":81859,"nodeType":866},{},[81860,81864,81873],{"data":81861,"marks":81862,"value":81863,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve spoken a lot about how we’re in the midst of a new era in cybersecurity, in which identity is now the outermost digital perimeter for security teams to defend. (",{"data":81865,"content":81867,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81866},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/the-new-saas-cyber-kill-chain-so-con-2024/",[81868],{"data":81869,"marks":81870,"value":81872,"nodeType":865},{},[81871],{"type":997},"You’ll be familiar with this if you’ve seen any of Luke’s talks on the New SaaS Cyber Kill Chain.",{"data":81874,"marks":81875,"value":81876,"nodeType":865},{},[],") ",{"data":81878,"content":81882,"nodeType":925},{"target":81879},{"sys":81880},{"id":81881,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6nYSZAYpsbj78jKm0q75zs",[],{"data":81884,"content":81885,"nodeType":866},{},[81886],{"data":81887,"marks":81888,"value":81889,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is primarily because modern working is no longer contained to a heavily centralized corporate network, and instead happens primarily in applications accessed over the internet via web browser.",{"data":81891,"content":81892,"nodeType":866},{},[81893,81897,81904,81908,81915,81919,81927],{"data":81894,"marks":81895,"value":81896,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In this new world, attacks don’t even have to touch the old perimeters, because all the data and functionality they could want exists on the public internet. As a result, we’re seeing more and more ",{"data":81898,"content":81899,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16084},[81900],{"data":81901,"marks":81902,"value":81903,"nodeType":865},{},[],"attacks targeting SaaS apps",{"data":81905,"marks":81906,"value":81907,"nodeType":865},{},[],", with the entire attack chain being concluded outside customer networks, not touching any traditional endpoints or networks. The ",{"data":81909,"content":81910,"nodeType":882},{"uri":16619},[81911],{"data":81912,"marks":81913,"value":81914,"nodeType":865},{},[],"recent attacks on Snowflake customers",{"data":81916,"marks":81917,"value":81918,"nodeType":865},{},[],", hailed ",{"data":81920,"content":81922,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81921},"https://www.wired.com/story/snowflake-breach-advanced-auto-parts-lendingtree/",[81923],{"data":81924,"marks":81925,"value":81926,"nodeType":865},{},[],"one of the biggest breaches in history",{"data":81928,"marks":81929,"value":81930,"nodeType":865},{},[],", demonstrate this risk all too well. ",{"data":81932,"content":81933,"nodeType":866},{},[81934],{"data":81935,"marks":81936,"value":81937,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This creates a problem for security teams looking to detect and respond to these attacks. ",{"data":81939,"content":81940,"nodeType":1458},{},[81941],{"data":81942,"marks":81943,"value":81944,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Attacks today are shorter and faster, but just as dangerous",{"data":81946,"content":81947,"nodeType":866},{},[81948],{"data":81949,"marks":81950,"value":81951,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting and responding to identity attacks – phishing, credential stuffing, etc. – used to be just one possible method of initial access in quite a lengthy Kill Chain that stretched from the compromise of the user device, pivoting to internal network resources, escalating privileges, moving laterally, and finally achieving their objectives.",{"data":81953,"content":81954,"nodeType":866},{},[81955],{"data":81956,"marks":81957,"value":81958,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This meant that defenders could adopt an assumed compromise mentality and build layered detections, as well as proactively hunting for threats across these various stages and layers of the network. The more actions an attacker has to perform, the more opportunities for detection, and the higher the likelihood that they’ll be caught in the act before any real, lasting damage can be caused. ",{"data":81960,"content":81961,"nodeType":866},{},[81962],{"data":81963,"marks":81964,"value":81965,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Today, attackers have a lot of opportunities to cause significant damage for much less effort than before. For example, if the goal is to compromise an app like Snowflake and dump the data from it, the Kill Chain is way shorter than a traditional network-based attack. And all the great tools and security products you have, like EDR, don’t come into play. ",{"data":81967,"content":81968,"nodeType":866},{},[81969],{"data":81970,"marks":81971,"value":81972,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This means that the initial layer of anti-account takeover controls are much more important in this context. But, the historical detections in this space – email gateway security products, analyzing web pages for malicious content, and URL blocklisting – are either less relevant, or built upon easy to bypass detections toward the bottom of the Pyramid of Pain. ",{"data":81974,"content":81975,"nodeType":866},{},[81976,81980,81987],{"data":81977,"marks":81978,"value":81979,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As an example, ",{"data":81981,"content":81982,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79176},[81983],{"data":81984,"marks":81985,"value":81986,"nodeType":865},{},[],"we recently published an article on all the ways that AitM phishing sites are evading detection",{"data":81988,"marks":81989,"value":81990,"nodeType":865},{},[],". TL;DR – there are a lot, and they seem to be quite effective. But this is partly because the majority of the detections they're trying to avoid are built on shaky ground.   ",{"data":81992,"content":81993,"nodeType":866},{},[81994],{"data":81995,"marks":81996,"value":81998,"nodeType":865},{},[81997],{"type":961},"So what? Well, it’s clear that the controls that the industry has relied on in the past to stop identity attacks are too easy to bypass, and are no longer sufficient. ",{"data":82000,"content":82001,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":82003,"content":82004,"nodeType":963},{},[82005],{"data":82006,"marks":82007,"value":82008,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Building effective identity threat detection controls",{"data":82010,"content":82011,"nodeType":866},{},[82012],{"data":82013,"marks":82014,"value":82015,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now we’ve covered the problem that we set out to solve, let’s look at what we’re doing differently. ",{"data":82017,"content":82018,"nodeType":866},{},[82019],{"data":82020,"marks":82021,"value":82022,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In order to climb the Pyramid toward the apex, you need to find ways to detect increasingly generic parts of an attack technique. So you want to avoid things like what a specific malware’s code looks like, or where it connects back to. But what the malware does, or what happens when it runs, is more generic, and therefore more interesting to us.  ",{"data":82024,"content":82025,"nodeType":866},{},[82026],{"data":82027,"marks":82028,"value":82029,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The shift from static code signatures and fuzzy hashes to dynamic analysis of what code does on a live system is at the heart of why EDR killed antivirus a decade ago. It proved at-scale the value of moving detections up the pyramid.",{"data":82031,"content":82032,"nodeType":866},{},[82033],{"data":82034,"marks":82035,"value":82036,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’re always on the lookout for ways to move our detections up the pyramid as well. It’s easiest to explain how we’ve applied this by looking at an example. ",{"data":82038,"content":82039,"nodeType":1458},{},[82040],{"data":82041,"marks":82042,"value":82043,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Scenario: Detecting a web-based phishing attack",{"data":82045,"content":82046,"nodeType":866},{},[82047],{"data":82048,"marks":82049,"value":82050,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s break down the stages of a web-based phishing attack as an example. For a user to be successfully phished:",{"data":82052,"content":82053,"nodeType":1049},{},[82054,82069,82084],{"data":82055,"content":82056,"nodeType":1003},{},[82057],{"data":82058,"content":82059,"nodeType":866},{},[82060,82065],{"data":82061,"marks":82062,"value":82064,"nodeType":865},{},[82063],{"type":961},"Stage 1:",{"data":82066,"marks":82067,"value":82068,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The victim must be lured to visit a website.",{"data":82070,"content":82071,"nodeType":1003},{},[82072],{"data":82073,"content":82074,"nodeType":866},{},[82075,82080],{"data":82076,"marks":82077,"value":82079,"nodeType":865},{},[82078],{"type":961},"Stage 2:",{"data":82081,"marks":82082,"value":82083,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The website must somehow trick or convince the user that it’s legitimate and trustworthy, for example by mimicking a legitimate site.",{"data":82085,"content":82086,"nodeType":1003},{},[82087],{"data":82088,"content":82089,"nodeType":866},{},[82090,82095],{"data":82091,"marks":82092,"value":82094,"nodeType":865},{},[82093],{"type":961},"Stage 3:",{"data":82096,"marks":82097,"value":82098,"nodeType":865},{},[]," The user must enter their actual credentials into that website.",{"data":82100,"content":82101,"nodeType":866},{},[82102],{"data":82103,"marks":82104,"value":82105,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, how might you go about detecting this attack? Let’s start from the bottom of the pyramid and work our way up.",{"data":82107,"content":82108,"nodeType":1458},{},[82109],{"data":82110,"marks":82111,"value":82112,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stage 1: Determining if a URL, IP, or domain is bad",{"data":82114,"content":82115,"nodeType":866},{},[82116],{"data":82117,"marks":82118,"value":82119,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You might start by looking for the lure – historically an email. You could look for links in emails, or links in attachments in an email and then check if they are bad (which is essentially what email security products do). You could look for known-bad URLs in emails, but these change for every phishing campaign. In modern attacks, every target can receive a unique email and link. Even just using a URL shortener can bypass this. It’s equivalent to a malware hash – trivial to change, and therefore not a great thing to pin your detections on. ",{"data":82121,"content":82122,"nodeType":866},{},[82123,82127,82136],{"data":82124,"marks":82125,"value":82126,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You could look at which IP address the user connects to, but these days it’s very simple for attackers to add a new IP to their cloud-hosted server. If a domain is flagged as known-bad, the attacker only has to register a new domain, or compromise a WordPress server on an already trusted domain. Both of these things are ",{"data":82128,"content":82130,"nodeType":882},{"uri":82129},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/revolver-rabbit-gang-registers-500-000-domains-for-malware-campaigns/",[82131],{"data":82132,"marks":82133,"value":82135,"nodeType":865},{},[82134],{"type":997},"happening on a massive scale",{"data":82137,"marks":82138,"value":82139,"nodeType":865},{},[]," as attackers pre-plan for the fact that their domains will be burned at some point. Attackers are more than happy to spend $10-$20 per new domain in the grand scheme of the potential proceeds of crime. ",{"data":82141,"content":82142,"nodeType":866},{},[82143],{"data":82144,"marks":82145,"value":82146,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But there’s a more fundamental flaw here – for defenders to know that a URL, IP, or domain name is bad, it needs to be reported first. When are things reported? Typically after being used in an attack – so unfortunately, someone always gets hurt.  ",{"data":82148,"content":82149,"nodeType":1458},{},[82150],{"data":82151,"marks":82152,"value":82153,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stage 2: Determining if a site is legitimate",{"data":82155,"content":82156,"nodeType":866},{},[82157],{"data":82158,"marks":82159,"value":82160,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So how can we detect a phishing website, on day-zero, the first time anyone runs into it? Well we can look at the second step – does the URL resemble a real website, does the HTML code for a page look similar to a legitimate login page for a known website, is it loading the same image files? This is not trivial to detect, but with the right fuzzy matches and image analysis it can be automated.",{"data":82162,"content":82163,"nodeType":866},{},[82164],{"data":82165,"marks":82166,"value":82167,"nodeType":865},{},[],"We’ve now moved up a level on the Pyramid – we’re detecting website artifacts. If we see a legitimate looking website on an unknown domain, it’s likely to be a malicious clone.",{"data":82169,"content":82170,"nodeType":866},{},[82171],{"data":82172,"marks":82173,"value":82174,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Unfortunately, the attacker’s website doesn’t need to send each visitor to the same website. It can change dynamically based on where the visitor is coming from – or even randomly, so that not all visitors are served the phishing page. This means that tools which resolve where the links in emails go to be able to analyze them (such as email security appliances) don’t necessarily see the same site the user is actually visiting – a fact that is commonly abused by attackers to bypass detection. It’s critical that detection happens on the actual web page that the victim sees.",{"data":82176,"content":82177,"nodeType":1458},{},[82178],{"data":82179,"marks":82180,"value":82181,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Stage 3: Detecting the user entering their credentials",{"data":82183,"content":82184,"nodeType":866},{},[82185],{"data":82186,"marks":82187,"value":82188,"nodeType":865},{},[],"For a phishing attack to succeed, the victim must enter their actual credentials into the webpage. If you can stop the user entering their real password, there’s no attack. There’s no getting around it. ",{"data":82190,"content":82191,"nodeType":866},{},[82192,82196,82203],{"data":82193,"marks":82194,"value":82195,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, this is exactly what we did: Earlier this year, we released a control which ",{"data":82197,"content":82198,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68273},[82199],{"data":82200,"marks":82201,"value":82202,"nodeType":865},{},[],"stops users from entering their password belonging to a particular login page anywhere else",{"data":82204,"marks":82205,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82207,"content":82208,"nodeType":866},{},[82209,82213,82220],{"data":82210,"marks":82211,"value":82212,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Seems simple, right? By focusing on this generic action, that always has to happen, you can essentially stop your users being phished altogether. This means, it doesn’t matter ",{"data":82214,"content":82215,"nodeType":882},{"uri":79176},[82216],{"data":82217,"marks":82218,"value":82219,"nodeType":865},{},[],"what the attacker does before that point",{"data":82221,"marks":82222,"value":68889,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82224,"content":82225,"nodeType":1049},{},[82226,82236,82246,82256],{"data":82227,"content":82228,"nodeType":1003},{},[82229],{"data":82230,"content":82231,"nodeType":866},{},[82232],{"data":82233,"marks":82234,"value":82235,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It doesn't matter if they run the site using Cloudflare Workers to block automatic analysis.",{"data":82237,"content":82238,"nodeType":1003},{},[82239],{"data":82240,"content":82241,"nodeType":866},{},[82242],{"data":82243,"marks":82244,"value":82245,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they hack a WordPress blog to get a reputable domain.",{"data":82247,"content":82248,"nodeType":1003},{},[82249],{"data":82250,"content":82251,"nodeType":866},{},[82252],{"data":82253,"marks":82254,"value":82255,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they use clever redirects and rotate the URLs delivered to the user.",{"data":82257,"content":82258,"nodeType":1003},{},[82259],{"data":82260,"content":82261,"nodeType":866},{},[82262],{"data":82263,"marks":82264,"value":82265,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they randomize the HTML title for the web page. ",{"data":82267,"content":82268,"nodeType":866},{},[82269],{"data":82270,"marks":82271,"value":82272,"nodeType":865},{},[],"They can’t avoid the fact that a user is required to enter their credentials on the page for the attack to succeed. ",{"data":82274,"content":82275,"nodeType":866},{},[82276],{"data":82277,"marks":82278,"value":82279,"nodeType":865},{},[],"So, when you apply the Pyramid of Pain to some of the controls we’ve shipped this year, we get a clear feel for the value, from highest to lowest:",{"data":82281,"content":82282,"nodeType":1049},{},[82283,82303,82323],{"data":82284,"content":82285,"nodeType":1003},{},[82286],{"data":82287,"content":82288,"nodeType":866},{},[82289,82293,82300],{"data":82290,"marks":82291,"value":82292,"nodeType":865},{},[],"User Behavior: ",{"data":82294,"content":82295,"nodeType":882},{"uri":68273},[82296],{"data":82297,"marks":82298,"value":82299,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting and blocking the user behavior of entering their password into any site that the password doesn’t belong to",{"data":82301,"marks":82302,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82304,"content":82305,"nodeType":1003},{},[82306],{"data":82307,"content":82308,"nodeType":866},{},[82309,82313,82320],{"data":82310,"marks":82311,"value":82312,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tool Behavior: ",{"data":82314,"content":82315,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80970},[82316],{"data":82317,"marks":82318,"value":82319,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting when a login page that you access is cloned from a legitimate page.",{"data":82321,"marks":82322,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82324,"content":82325,"nodeType":1003},{},[82326],{"data":82327,"content":82328,"nodeType":866},{},[82329,82333,82340],{"data":82330,"marks":82331,"value":82332,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Tool Signature: ",{"data":82334,"content":82335,"nodeType":882},{"uri":81100},[82336],{"data":82337,"marks":82338,"value":82339,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detecting and blocking access to a page with a known phishing kit signature present on the page",{"data":82341,"marks":82342,"value":23522,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82344,"content":82345,"nodeType":866},{},[82346],{"data":82347,"marks":82348,"value":82349,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Naturally, we want to continue focusing on the apex of the Pyramid – at TTPs and Tools – to ensure that the controls we build are as robust as possible, and can’t be bypassed by attackers. ",{"data":82351,"content":82352,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":82354,"content":82355,"nodeType":963},{},[82356],{"data":82357,"marks":82358,"value":82359,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The power of the Push browser agent",{"data":82361,"content":82362,"nodeType":866},{},[82363,82367,82372],{"data":82364,"marks":82365,"value":82366,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You might ask: ",{"data":82368,"marks":82369,"value":82371,"nodeType":865},{},[82370],{"type":961},"If it’s so simple, why hasn’t this been done yet?",{"data":82373,"marks":82374,"value":82375,"nodeType":865},{},[]," Well, before now, there was no good way of doing it! Teams simply didn’t have tools in the right place to be able to capture the level of data needed, or respond effectively (i.e. automatically, at the point of impact). ",{"data":82377,"content":82378,"nodeType":866},{},[82379,82383,82390],{"data":82380,"marks":82381,"value":82382,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is where being in the browser comes into play. The browser is a great place to observe the behavior of a page in real time, without needing to reconstruct decrypted HTTP data post-TLS termination and try to guess what the rendered page in all its Javascript-infused glory actually does, ",{"data":82384,"content":82385,"nodeType":882},{"uri":72573},[82386],{"data":82387,"marks":82388,"value":82389,"nodeType":865},{},[],"as we’ve blogged about previously",{"data":82391,"marks":82392,"value":82393,"nodeType":865},{},[],". As we’ve seen through the ability to not only detect but prevent phishing attacks, it’s also a great control enforcement point, as you’re able to intercept the user at the point of impact, and you sit as closely as possible to where their work typically happens – in the browser. ",{"data":82395,"content":82396,"nodeType":866},{},[82397],{"data":82398,"marks":82399,"value":82400,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To illustrate how crucial the browser is to implementing controls that sit at the apex of the Pyramid of Pain, we created a modified version designed specifically for identity attacks. ",{"data":82402,"content":82406,"nodeType":925},{"target":82403},{"sys":82404},{"id":82405,"type":922,"linkType":923},"HrK2xQak6KfjInDbeSgv8",[],{"data":82408,"content":82412,"nodeType":925},{"target":82409},{"sys":82410},{"id":82411,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7kLilJ8Y08smUI9ttM3BSO",[],{"data":82414,"content":82415,"nodeType":953},{},[],{"data":82417,"content":82418,"nodeType":963},{},[82419],{"data":82420,"marks":82421,"value":72105,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82423,"content":82424,"nodeType":866},{},[82425],{"data":82426,"marks":82427,"value":82428,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Hopefully, this blog post has shone a light on why we do things the way we do here at Push. The goal of building generic detections that are difficult, painful, and costly for attackers to bypass is a key part of our design strategy, and we look forward to sharing many more controls with you that demonstrate this in the future.","This is the first blog in a short series we’re putting together about the ‘why’ behind the ‘what’ at Push. This entry is focused on threat detection. ","2024-08-05T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":82432},[82433,82435],{"sys":82434,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"sys":82436,"name":11426},{"id":11425},{"items":82438},[82439],{"fullName":11430,"firstName":11431,"jobTitle":11432,"profilePicture":82440},{"url":11434},{"__typename":1788,"sys":82442,"content":82444,"title":83223,"synopsis":83224,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":83225,"slug":83226,"tagsCollection":83227,"authorsCollection":83235},{"id":82443},"20FcoPvHu7zXkTQyv9MmK0",{"json":82445},{"data":82446,"content":82447,"nodeType":1739},{},[82448,82454,82461,82512,82519,82526,82541,82548,82555,82636,82643,82649,82656,82663,82678,82685,82692,82715,82737,82743,82762,82769,82776,82806,82813,82820,82826,82843,82850,82857,82864,82871,82877,82895,82902,82909,82916,82923,82929,82948,82954,82961,82967,82985,82992,82999,83006,83054,83061,83132,83147,83153,83160,83167,83174,83181,83199,83205],{"data":82449,"content":82453,"nodeType":925},{"target":82450},{"sys":82451},{"id":82452,"type":922,"linkType":923},"7rud2H1hcTAOhxh9zHzxP6",[],{"data":82455,"content":82456,"nodeType":866},{},[82457],{"data":82458,"marks":82459,"value":82460,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If someone asked you where you work, you probably wouldn’t answer, “My browser.” But that would be the truth.",{"data":82462,"content":82463,"nodeType":866},{},[82464,82468,82476,82479,82487,82490,82497,82500,82508],{"data":82465,"marks":82466,"value":82467,"nodeType":865},{},[],"(Threat actors already know where you work, of course, and they’ve been capitalizing on the massive shift to cloud-based workforces. Just look at any of the ",{"data":82469,"content":82471,"nodeType":882},{"uri":82470},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/global-threat-report/",[82472],{"data":82473,"marks":82474,"value":82475,"nodeType":865},{},[],"latest",{"data":82477,"marks":82478,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82480,"content":82482,"nodeType":882},{"uri":82481},"https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/techniques/cloud-accounts/",[82483],{"data":82484,"marks":82485,"value":82486,"nodeType":865},{},[],"threat",{"data":82488,"marks":82489,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82491,"content":82492,"nodeType":882},{"uri":3240},[82493],{"data":82494,"marks":82495,"value":82496,"nodeType":865},{},[],"research",{"data":82498,"marks":82499,"value":2157,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82501,"content":82503,"nodeType":882},{"uri":82502},"https://www.lab539.com/blog/6-months-tracking-aitm-campaigns",[82504],{"data":82505,"marks":82506,"value":82507,"nodeType":865},{},[],"reports",{"data":82509,"marks":82510,"value":82511,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on identity-based attacks to see how good a job they’ve been doing.)",{"data":82513,"content":82514,"nodeType":866},{},[82515],{"data":82516,"marks":82517,"value":82518,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To get visibility of your infrastructure in order to build a strong detection and response program, the equation used to look something like:",{"data":82520,"content":82521,"nodeType":866},{},[82522],{"data":82523,"marks":82524,"value":82525,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Network traffic + Logs + Endpoints = Profit!",{"data":82527,"content":82528,"nodeType":866},{},[82529,82533,82538],{"data":82530,"marks":82531,"value":82532,"nodeType":865},{},[],"But now there’s a missing piece, as identity infrastructure sprawls across IdPs, core apps, shadow SaaS and third-party integrations: ",{"data":82534,"marks":82535,"value":82537,"nodeType":865},{},[82536],{"type":961},"Browser telemetry",{"data":82539,"marks":82540,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82542,"content":82543,"nodeType":866},{},[82544],{"data":82545,"marks":82546,"value":82547,"nodeType":865},{},[],"As a browser agent, Push is uniquely positioned to provide telemetry you can’t easily get anywhere else. We believe that this missing piece is the key to stopping identity attacks by providing the context both for first-class detections and security controls, as well as key correlations for events you observe in traditional log sources.",{"data":82549,"content":82550,"nodeType":866},{},[82551],{"data":82552,"marks":82553,"value":82554,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Now we have a better way to bring Push’s data to life to solve meaningful security challenges:",{"data":82556,"content":82557,"nodeType":1049},{},[82558,82587],{"data":82559,"content":82560,"nodeType":1003},{},[82561],{"data":82562,"content":82563,"nodeType":866},{},[82564,82569,82573,82583],{"data":82565,"marks":82566,"value":82568,"nodeType":865},{},[82567],{"type":961},"Plug-and-play security controls",{"data":82570,"marks":82571,"value":82572,"nodeType":865},{},[],", accessible from the new ",{"data":82574,"content":82578,"nodeType":16946},{"target":82575},{"sys":82576},{"id":82577,"type":922,"linkType":923},"BtDLgVZRWQ3Ov4WgDQX1W",[82579],{"data":82580,"marks":82581,"value":81697,"nodeType":865},{},[82582],{"type":961},{"data":82584,"marks":82585,"value":82586,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page in the Push platform",{"data":82588,"content":82589,"nodeType":1003},{},[82590],{"data":82591,"content":82592,"nodeType":866},{},[82593,82598,82602,82609,82612,82620,82624,82632],{"data":82594,"marks":82595,"value":82597,"nodeType":865},{},[82596],{"type":961},"Choose-your-own-adventure tooling",{"data":82599,"marks":82600,"value":82601,"nodeType":865},{},[],", including a ",{"data":82603,"content":82604,"nodeType":882},{"uri":80892},[82605],{"data":82606,"marks":82607,"value":82608,"nodeType":865},{},[],"REST API",{"data":82610,"marks":82611,"value":2186,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82613,"content":82615,"nodeType":882},{"uri":82614},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/webhooks-v1/",[82616],{"data":82617,"marks":82618,"value":82619,"nodeType":865},{},[],"webhooks",{"data":82621,"marks":82622,"value":82623,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and a new ",{"data":82625,"content":82627,"nodeType":882},{"uri":82626},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/#using-the-events-page",[82628],{"data":82629,"marks":82630,"value":62757,"nodeType":865},{},[82631],{"type":961},{"data":82633,"marks":82634,"value":82635,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page to help you visualize and build custom detections and automations.",{"data":82637,"content":82638,"nodeType":866},{},[82639],{"data":82640,"marks":82641,"value":82642,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look.",{"data":82644,"content":82648,"nodeType":925},{"target":82645},{"sys":82646},{"id":82647,"type":922,"linkType":923},"6iKFd9Qys2SSuNqKVQB7ka",[],{"data":82650,"content":82651,"nodeType":963},{},[82652],{"data":82653,"marks":82654,"value":82655,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Plug-and-play controls",{"data":82657,"content":82658,"nodeType":866},{},[82659],{"data":82660,"marks":82661,"value":82662,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Security visibility without security control is a recipe for a stress headache, so we’re big believers in providing meaningful interventions that are easy to use.",{"data":82664,"content":82665,"nodeType":866},{},[82666,82670,82674],{"data":82667,"marks":82668,"value":82669,"nodeType":865},{},[],"With the new ",{"data":82671,"marks":82672,"value":81697,"nodeType":865},{},[82673],{"type":961},{"data":82675,"marks":82676,"value":82677,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page in the Push admin console, you can now find these preconfigured detections and interventions in one place. They cover use cases that any organization can benefit from, and take a unique browser-based approach to solving some thorny issues.",{"data":82679,"content":82680,"nodeType":866},{},[82681],{"data":82682,"marks":82683,"value":82684,"nodeType":865},{},[],"These controls include:",{"data":82686,"content":82687,"nodeType":1458},{},[82688],{"data":82689,"marks":82690,"value":82691,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Phishing tool detection",{"data":82693,"content":82694,"nodeType":866},{},[82695,82699,82704,82707,82712],{"data":82696,"marks":82697,"value":82698,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Detect and block when employees visit webpages that use advanced phishing tools such as Evilginx or EvilNoVNC, among others. These adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) toolkits can mimic legitimate login screens, such as an Okta login page, to steal ",{"data":82700,"marks":82701,"value":82703,"nodeType":865},{},[82702],{"type":961},"credentials",{"data":82705,"marks":82706,"value":8756,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82708,"marks":82709,"value":82711,"nodeType":865},{},[82710],{"type":961},"MFA codes",{"data":82713,"marks":82714,"value":1048,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82716,"content":82717,"nodeType":866},{},[82718,82722,82726,82729,82733],{"data":82719,"marks":82720,"value":82721,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push emits a webhook event when the browser agent detects attributes of these malware. You can also set Push to ",{"data":82723,"marks":82724,"value":62779,"nodeType":865},{},[82725],{"type":961},{"data":82727,"marks":82728,"value":53450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82730,"marks":82731,"value":62787,"nodeType":865},{},[82732],{"type":961},{"data":82734,"marks":82735,"value":82736,"nodeType":865},{},[]," mode to display a customizable message to end-users when they encounter a phishing site.",{"data":82738,"content":82742,"nodeType":925},{"target":82739},{"sys":82740},{"id":82741,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2ylIkR0JXHkFStGuCFRjlN",[],{"data":82744,"content":82745,"nodeType":866},{},[82746,82750,82759],{"data":82747,"marks":82748,"value":82749,"nodeType":865},{},[],"More about ",{"data":82751,"content":82754,"nodeType":16946},{"target":82752},{"sys":82753},{"id":62187,"type":922,"linkType":923},[82755],{"data":82756,"marks":82757,"value":82758,"nodeType":865},{},[],"phishing tool detection",{"data":82760,"marks":82761,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82763,"content":82764,"nodeType":1458},{},[82765],{"data":82766,"marks":82767,"value":82768,"nodeType":865},{},[],"SSO password protection",{"data":82770,"content":82771,"nodeType":866},{},[82772],{"data":82773,"marks":82774,"value":82775,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Prevent employees from reusing their corporate SSO password on any page that doesn’t belong to the identity provider, including phishing sites. This means that even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site, Push still detects it and blocks it.",{"data":82777,"content":82778,"nodeType":866},{},[82779,82783,82787,82790,82794,82798,82802],{"data":82780,"marks":82781,"value":82782,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Customize the message that end-users see in ",{"data":82784,"marks":82785,"value":62779,"nodeType":865},{},[82786],{"type":961},{"data":82788,"marks":82789,"value":53450,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82791,"marks":82792,"value":62787,"nodeType":865},{},[82793],{"type":961},{"data":82795,"marks":82796,"value":82797,"nodeType":865},{},[]," mode, or start out in ",{"data":82799,"marks":82800,"value":62740,"nodeType":865},{},[82801],{"type":961},{"data":82803,"marks":82804,"value":82805,"nodeType":865},{},[]," mode to catch any false positives before you enforce the control.",{"data":82807,"content":82808,"nodeType":866},{},[82809],{"data":82810,"marks":82811,"value":82812,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This feature supports the following identity providers: Okta, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, JumpCloud, Duo, and Ping Identity.",{"data":82814,"content":82815,"nodeType":866},{},[82816],{"data":82817,"marks":82818,"value":82819,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Push will also emit a webhook event when an SSO password is used, and if an employee clicks through the warning screen.",{"data":82821,"content":82825,"nodeType":925},{"target":82822},{"sys":82823},{"id":82824,"type":922,"linkType":923},"25c8M2gWYFST7yYxGEji2s",[],{"data":82827,"content":82828,"nodeType":866},{},[82829,82832,82840],{"data":82830,"marks":82831,"value":82749,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82833,"content":82836,"nodeType":16946},{"target":82834},{"sys":82835},{"id":62441,"type":922,"linkType":923},[82837],{"data":82838,"marks":82839,"value":82768,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82841,"marks":82842,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82844,"content":82845,"nodeType":1458},{},[82846],{"data":82847,"marks":82848,"value":82849,"nodeType":865},{},[],"URL blocking",{"data":82851,"content":82852,"nodeType":866},{},[82853],{"data":82854,"marks":82855,"value":82856,"nodeType":865},{},[],"When you find malicious sites you want to block, such as when responding to a phishing incident, add them to a blocklist and prevent other employees from accessing those sites. ",{"data":82858,"content":82859,"nodeType":866},{},[82860],{"data":82861,"marks":82862,"value":82863,"nodeType":865},{},[],"URL blocking can be used in tandem with Push’s anti-phishing controls, so that as you discover malicious sites, you can block them from a central blocklist. This offers a kind of herd immunity where you can block other users from visiting a malicious site as soon as you have a single incident.",{"data":82865,"content":82866,"nodeType":866},{},[82867],{"data":82868,"marks":82869,"value":82870,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can programmatically manage the blocklist using the Push REST API or sync to other threat intelligence sources you consume.",{"data":82872,"content":82876,"nodeType":925},{"target":82873},{"sys":82874},{"id":82875,"type":922,"linkType":923},"3m00cFiUDAnddsOBOpkeiZ",[],{"data":82878,"content":82879,"nodeType":866},{},[82880,82883,82892],{"data":82881,"marks":82882,"value":82749,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82884,"content":82888,"nodeType":16946},{"target":82885},{"sys":82886},{"id":82887,"type":922,"linkType":923},"P0coHgQAdRL0YTu4Rwd4z",[82889],{"data":82890,"marks":82891,"value":82849,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82893,"marks":82894,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82896,"content":82897,"nodeType":1458},{},[82898],{"data":82899,"marks":82900,"value":82901,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Session token theft detection",{"data":82903,"content":82904,"nodeType":866},{},[82905],{"data":82906,"marks":82907,"value":82908,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Inject a unique marker provided by the Push browser agent into the User Agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. ",{"data":82910,"content":82911,"nodeType":866},{},[82912],{"data":82913,"marks":82914,"value":82915,"nodeType":865},{},[],"By analyzing logs from your IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":82917,"content":82918,"nodeType":866},{},[82919],{"data":82920,"marks":82921,"value":82922,"nodeType":865},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a session token has been stolen and is being used.",{"data":82924,"content":82928,"nodeType":925},{"target":82925},{"sys":82926},{"id":82927,"type":922,"linkType":923},"43rk3TCqN269Vr2YWT4llP",[],{"data":82930,"content":82931,"nodeType":866},{},[82932,82935,82945],{"data":82933,"marks":82934,"value":82749,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82936,"content":82940,"nodeType":16946},{"target":82937},{"sys":82938},{"id":82939,"type":922,"linkType":923},"1UMZdjyNQt4Y7NBb2wuK4L",[82941],{"data":82942,"marks":82943,"value":82944,"nodeType":865},{},[],"session token theft detection",{"data":82946,"marks":82947,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82949,"content":82950,"nodeType":1458},{},[82951],{"data":82952,"marks":82953,"value":62670,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82955,"content":82956,"nodeType":866},{},[82957],{"data":82958,"marks":82959,"value":82960,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Add guardrails to employees’ use of SaaS apps with in-browser app banner messages you customize with your own text. You can require users to acknowledge having read a message before they can access an app, or even require them to submit a reason for using an app before they can log in.",{"data":82962,"content":82966,"nodeType":925},{"target":82963},{"sys":82964},{"id":82965,"type":922,"linkType":923},"5nEKTBz6mauHI5mg8jB4ea",[],{"data":82968,"content":82969,"nodeType":866},{},[82970,82973,82982],{"data":82971,"marks":82972,"value":82749,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82974,"content":82977,"nodeType":16946},{"target":82975},{"sys":82976},{"id":62502,"type":922,"linkType":923},[82978],{"data":82979,"marks":82980,"value":82981,"nodeType":865},{},[],"app banners",{"data":82983,"marks":82984,"value":21,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":82986,"content":82987,"nodeType":963},{},[82988],{"data":82989,"marks":82990,"value":82991,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Choose your own adventure",{"data":82993,"content":82994,"nodeType":866},{},[82995],{"data":82996,"marks":82997,"value":82998,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Want to do something creative? We've got you covered. Push provides a wealth of raw telemetry via the Push REST API and webhook events. Use this data to build both proactive and reactive security operations workflows, or add missing context to other sources, such as your IdP, application, or endpoint logs.",{"data":83000,"content":83001,"nodeType":866},{},[83002],{"data":83003,"marks":83004,"value":83005,"nodeType":865},{},[],"You can use this browser telemetry to:",{"data":83007,"content":83008,"nodeType":1049},{},[83009,83024,83039],{"data":83010,"content":83011,"nodeType":1003},{},[83012],{"data":83013,"content":83014,"nodeType":866},{},[83015,83020],{"data":83016,"marks":83017,"value":83019,"nodeType":865},{},[83018],{"type":961},"Harden identities and reduce account compromise",{"data":83021,"marks":83022,"value":83023,"nodeType":865},{},[],", such as alerting you when passwords are identified in public data breaches or when employees are using an unapproved app or when an SSO app is accessed via local account.",{"data":83025,"content":83026,"nodeType":1003},{},[83027],{"data":83028,"content":83029,"nodeType":866},{},[83030,83035],{"data":83031,"marks":83032,"value":83034,"nodeType":865},{},[83033],{"type":961},"Monitor for suspicious activity or high-risk changes",{"data":83036,"marks":83037,"value":83038,"nodeType":865},{},[],", such as checking for MFA method changes, or flagging when employees reuse corporate SSO passwords or visit sites running phishing malware.",{"data":83040,"content":83041,"nodeType":1003},{},[83042],{"data":83043,"content":83044,"nodeType":866},{},[83045,83050],{"data":83046,"marks":83047,"value":83049,"nodeType":865},{},[83048],{"type":961},"Investigate indicators of compromise",{"data":83051,"marks":83052,"value":83053,"nodeType":865},{},[],", such as correlating login events with platform logs, searching for recent signups to risky apps, or identifying post-compromise lateral movement opportunities.",{"data":83055,"content":83056,"nodeType":866},{},[83057],{"data":83058,"marks":83059,"value":83060,"nodeType":865},{},[],"In the “make my life easier” category, you can also use Push telemetry to:",{"data":83062,"content":83063,"nodeType":1049},{},[83064,83083,83102,83117],{"data":83065,"content":83066,"nodeType":1003},{},[83067],{"data":83068,"content":83069,"nodeType":866},{},[83070,83074,83079],{"data":83071,"marks":83072,"value":83073,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Automate a workflow ",{"data":83075,"marks":83076,"value":83078,"nodeType":865},{},[83077],{"type":961},"showing you all the accounts and apps used by an offboarded employee",{"data":83080,"marks":83081,"value":83082,"nodeType":865},{},[],", and their account login methods.",{"data":83084,"content":83085,"nodeType":1003},{},[83086],{"data":83087,"content":83088,"nodeType":866},{},[83089,83093,83098],{"data":83090,"marks":83091,"value":83092,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Automate a workflow to",{"data":83094,"marks":83095,"value":83097,"nodeType":865},{},[83096],{"type":961}," revoke licenses on SaaS after a period of inactivity",{"data":83099,"marks":83100,"value":83101,"nodeType":865},{},[],", saving money.",{"data":83103,"content":83104,"nodeType":1003},{},[83105],{"data":83106,"content":83107,"nodeType":866},{},[83108,83113],{"data":83109,"marks":83110,"value":83112,"nodeType":865},{},[83111],{"type":961},"Build an approved apps list in your company wiki",{"data":83114,"marks":83115,"value":83116,"nodeType":865},{},[],", synced from Push’s source of truth.",{"data":83118,"content":83119,"nodeType":1003},{},[83120],{"data":83121,"content":83122,"nodeType":866},{},[83123,83128],{"data":83124,"marks":83125,"value":83127,"nodeType":865},{},[83126],{"type":961},"Force-reset an IdP password if Push finds a compromised password",{"data":83129,"marks":83130,"value":83131,"nodeType":865},{},[]," on an employee account.",{"data":83133,"content":83134,"nodeType":866},{},[83135,83139,83143],{"data":83136,"marks":83137,"value":83138,"nodeType":865},{},[],"To help you visualize and plan how you will use this telemetry, Push also provides an ",{"data":83140,"marks":83141,"value":62757,"nodeType":865},{},[83142],{"type":961},{"data":83144,"marks":83145,"value":83146,"nodeType":865},{},[]," page in the admin console with a rolling 7-day snapshot of all the events in your environment.",{"data":83148,"content":83152,"nodeType":925},{"target":83149},{"sys":83150},{"id":83151,"type":922,"linkType":923},"2a3bJ5sN8dJ0c1kQtZiag7",[],{"data":83154,"content":83155,"nodeType":866},{},[83156],{"data":83157,"marks":83158,"value":83159,"nodeType":865},{},[],"The Events page can help you see real-world examples, understand the attributes of each event, and gauge event volume before you ingest data into a SIEM or other platform.",{"data":83161,"content":83162,"nodeType":963},{},[83163],{"data":83164,"marks":83165,"value":83166,"nodeType":865},{},[],"What if you don’t have a SIEM?",{"data":83168,"content":83169,"nodeType":866},{},[83170],{"data":83171,"marks":83172,"value":83173,"nodeType":865},{},[],"While you’d need a SIEM for writing detections and performing log correlations, you can still get a lot of value out of Push telemetry if you don’t have one.",{"data":83175,"content":83176,"nodeType":866},{},[83177],{"data":83178,"marks":83179,"value":83180,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Use Push’s webhook events to send alerts directly to your Slack, Teams, or other chat platform, or build workflows that hook into your ticketing system or SOAR platform.",{"data":83182,"content":83183,"nodeType":866},{},[83184,83188,83195],{"data":83185,"marks":83186,"value":83187,"nodeType":865},{},[],"Review our ",{"data":83189,"content":83190,"nodeType":882},{"uri":82614},[83191],{"data":83192,"marks":83193,"value":83194,"nodeType":865},{},[],"webhooks documentation",{"data":83196,"marks":83197,"value":83198,"nodeType":865},{},[]," for a list of events.",{"data":83200,"content":83201,"nodeType":963},{},[83202],{"data":83203,"marks":83204,"value":74568,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":83206,"content":83207,"nodeType":866},{},[83208,83212,83219],{"data":83209,"marks":83210,"value":83211,"nodeType":865},{},[],"If you want to see Push in action, ",{"data":83213,"content":83215,"nodeType":882},{"uri":83214},"/demo/",[83216],{"data":83217,"marks":83218,"value":23937,"nodeType":865},{},[],{"data":83220,"marks":83221,"value":83222,"nodeType":865},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you these features, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using — even the ones not behind SSO.","Introducing set-and-forget controls that stop real-world identity attacks","Enable detections and interventions in the browser using Push’s new security controls.","2024-07-02T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-set-and-forget-controls-that-stop-real-world-identity-attacks",{"items":83228},[83229,83233],{"sys":83230,"name":83232},{"id":83231},"5jk0kqjSdSK2L0YiistQjY","Release notes",{"sys":83234,"name":342},{"id":8410},{"items":83236},[83237],{"fullName":3774,"firstName":3775,"jobTitle":3776,"profilePicture":83238},{"url":3778},"the-saas-attack-matrix-one-year-on","blog/the-saas-attack-matrix-one-year-on",{"json":83242},{"data":83243,"content":83244,"nodeType":1739},{},[83245],{"data":83246,"content":83247,"nodeType":866},{},[83248],{"data":83249,"marks":83250,"value":83251,"nodeType":865},{},[],"It’s been almost exactly a year since we released the SaaS attack matrix – our open source repository of SaaS-native attack techniques. So, it’s a good time to look at what’s changed, and which techniques we’ve seen rise to prominence in the wild.","It’s been almost exactly a year since we released our open source repository of SaaS-native attack techniques. Let's reflect on what’s changed. 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