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These posts cover both sides — extension-borne risks like browser sync attacks and the limits of risk scoring, and how Push uses its extension to detect threats and block risky extensions.",30,{"sys":293,"faqItemsCollection":295,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31,"intro":299,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":300,"hasPage":19},{"id":294},"topic-browser-security",{"items":296},[],"Browser security","browser-security","Work now happens in the browser, making browser security — visibility and control at the point where users meet the web — a core layer of enterprise defense. Endpoint, network, and email tools miss attacks that unfold inside the browser session, from AiTM phishing to risky extensions and shadow SaaS. Push has published extensively on choosing between enterprise browsers and browser extensions, using browser telemetry, and making the business case for browser security. 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Push detects verified stolen credentials by comparing employee passwords against breach datasets and dark-web threat intelligence, eliminating false positives.",64,{"sys":338,"faqItemsCollection":340,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31,"intro":344,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":345,"hasPage":19},{"id":339},"topic-detection-and-response",{"items":341},[],"Detection & response","detection-and-response","Detection and response is being reshaped as attacks move into the browser, where EDR, SIEM, and network tools have limited visibility. Modern phishing kits evade signature-based detection, and most malicious pages have never been seen before — so technique-level, in-browser detection matters more than known-bad indicators. Push’s work here spans high-fidelity browser telemetry, session token theft detection, and agentic threat hunting, plus practical IR guidance for compromised SaaS accounts and malicious OAuth apps. These posts cover both the philosophy and the workflows.",101,{"sys":347,"faqItemsCollection":349,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45,"intro":353,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":354,"hasPage":19},{"id":348},"topic-detection-engineering",{"items":350},[],"Detection engineering","detection-engineering","Detection engineering turns threat research into reliable, high-fidelity detections — and as AI accelerates the churn of attacker infrastructure, indicator-based detection is collapsing in favor of technique-level approaches. Here you’ll find teardowns of AiTM kits, ClickFix pages, and malvertising campaigns, alongside Push’s own account of building an agentic threat hunting pipeline that turns hunts into shipped detections.",42,{"sys":356,"faqItemsCollection":358,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45,"intro":362,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":238,"hasPage":19},{"id":357},"topic-device-code-phishing",{"items":359},[],"Device code phishing","device-code-phishing","Device code phishing abuses the OAuth device authorization flow: attackers generate a legitimate sign-in code, trick the victim into entering it on the vendor’s real login page, and walk away with access tokens — no fake site or password capture required. Push research tracked a sharp spike in adoption during 2026 as attackers use the technique to sidestep standard access controls.",{"sys":364,"faqItemsCollection":366,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45,"intro":370,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":365},"topic-dlp",{"items":367},[],"DLP","dlp","Data loss prevention (DLP) is the practice of stopping sensitive data from leaving your control — a problem that has shifted from email and endpoints to the browser, where employees move data into SaaS and AI tools. Push applies controls at that point of use, from keeping corporate credentials out of personal password managers to governing what flows into unsanctioned apps.",15,{"sys":373,"faqItemsCollection":375,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45,"intro":379,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":380,"hasPage":19},{"id":374},"topic-edr",{"items":376},[],"EDR","edr","Endpoint detection and response (EDR) watches processes, files, and memory on the device — a vantage point that never sees the phishing pages, stolen sessions, and identity attacks playing out inside the browser. That’s not an EDR failure; attackers have simply moved where it can’t follow. These posts map that gap and show how Push pairs browser-level detection and response with endpoint security to close it.",24,{"sys":382,"faqItemsCollection":384,"name":386,"slug":387,"tier":45,"intro":388,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":383},"topic-enterprise-browser",{"items":385},[],"Enterprise browser","enterprise-browser","An enterprise browser is a standalone, security-hardened browser that organizations deploy in place of Chrome, Edge, or other defaults. The real buying question is whether replacing the browser beats securing the browsers employees already use — a trade-off these posts examine directly, alongside analysis of Omdia’s secure enterprise browser market report and Push’s framework for weighing full browsers against extension-based deployment.",6,{"sys":391,"faqItemsCollection":393,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45,"intro":397,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":392},"topic-ghost-logins",{"items":394},[],"Ghost logins","ghost-logins","Ghost logins are overlooked authentication routes into an account — like a password login lingering behind SSO, or a forgotten secondary auth method — that attackers exploit for account takeover and persistence. Push coined the term after research showing how these forgotten login paths let attackers sidestep the MFA and SSO controls guarding an account’s primary sign-in method.",48,{"sys":400,"faqItemsCollection":402,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45,"intro":406,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":407,"hasPage":19},{"id":401},"topic-identity-attacks",{"items":403},[],"Identity attacks","identity-attacks","Identity attacks target user accounts rather than infrastructure — phishing credentials, stealing sessions, abusing OAuth grants — because logging in is easier than hacking in. Identity-based techniques are now the leading cause of breaches. Push’s offensive research maps these techniques continuously, coining attacks like SAMLjacking and the poisoned tenant before they appeared in the wild.",56,{"sys":409,"faqItemsCollection":411,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31,"intro":415,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":416,"hasPage":19},{"id":410},"topic-identity-security",{"items":412},[],"Identity security","identity-security","Identity security is the practice of protecting workforce accounts, credentials, and sessions — the primary route attackers now use to breach organizations. Instead of hacking in, attackers log in: through phished credentials, stolen session tokens, MFA bypass, and forgotten ghost logins. Push’s research team documents these techniques continuously, from cross-IdP impersonation and SAMLjacking to analyses of major identity-driven breaches. This hub collects that research alongside practical guidance on MFA, SSO, and stopping account takeover.",154,{"sys":418,"faqItemsCollection":420,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45,"intro":424,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":425,"hasPage":19},{"id":419},"topic-infostealer",{"items":421},[],"Infostealer","infostealer","Infostealers are malware built to harvest saved passwords, cookies, and session tokens from infected devices, supplying the stolen credentials behind some of the most consequential breaches of recent years. Push traces the ecosystem trading this data and checks employee passwords against threat intel feeds, flagging verified stolen credentials before attackers can log in with them.",52,{"sys":427,"faqItemsCollection":429,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45,"intro":433,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":434,"hasPage":19},{"id":428},"topic-legitimate-service-abuse",{"items":430},[],"Legitimate service abuse","legitimate-service-abuse","Legitimate service abuse means staging attacks on trusted platforms — Google Ads, AI chatbot share pages, office.com links, Slack, SaaS tenants — so malicious content inherits the reputation of the service hosting it. Push research has documented the pattern repeatedly, from malvertising run through hijacked Google Ad Manager accounts to phishing links generated by Active Directory Federation Services.",28,{"sys":436,"faqItemsCollection":438,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45,"intro":442,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":291,"hasPage":19},{"id":437},"topic-malvertising",{"items":439},[],"Malvertising","malvertising","Malvertising uses paid search and display ads to put phishing pages and malware in front of users, often by impersonating trusted brands at the top of Google results. Push tracks these campaigns continuously — intercepting live attacks spoofing well-known brands — and has documented how criminals hijack Google Ads accounts to fund and run them.",{"sys":444,"faqItemsCollection":446,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45,"intro":450,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":445},"topic-malware-delivery",{"items":447},[],"Malware delivery","malware-delivery","Malware delivery has moved into the browser: rather than email attachments, attackers now rely on malvertising, fake install guides, and ClickFix-style copy-paste lures to get code running on endpoints. Push research on techniques like InstallFix maps the playbook, and in-browser detection of malicious copy and paste blocks these attacks before commands reach the endpoint.",13,{"sys":453,"faqItemsCollection":455,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45,"intro":459,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":460,"hasPage":19},{"id":454},"topic-mfa",{"items":456},[],"MFA","mfa","Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires a second proof of identity beyond a password, and it remains one of the most effective controls against account takeover. Regulators from Cyber Essentials to NYDFS now mandate it across cloud services. Push enforces MFA in the browser on third-party apps — even those with no native enforcement option — and shows security teams where coverage gaps remain.",83,{"sys":462,"faqItemsCollection":464,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45,"intro":468,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":469,"hasPage":19},{"id":463},"topic-mfa-bypass",{"items":465},[],"MFA bypass","mfa-bypass","MFA bypass covers the techniques attackers use to defeat multi-factor authentication — AiTM phishing kits, consent phishing, device code phishing, and MFA downgrade attacks among them. None of these break the second factor; they route around it. Push researchers regularly get hands-on with phishing kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA, analyzing how these attacks work in the wild and how they evolve.",58,{"sys":471,"faqItemsCollection":473,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45,"intro":477,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":478,"hasPage":19},{"id":472},"topic-non-email-phishing",{"items":474},[],"Non-email phishing","non-email-phishing","Non-email phishing delivers malicious links through channels your secure email gateway never sees — social media messages, IM apps like Slack and Teams, search ads, and SMS. Push has intercepted live campaigns arriving via LinkedIn DMs, malvertising, and messaging platforms, which is why it detects phishing pages in the browser at the point of click, regardless of delivery channel.",51,{"sys":480,"faqItemsCollection":482,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45,"intro":486,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":487,"hasPage":19},{"id":481},"topic-oauth-abuse",{"items":483},[],"OAuth abuse","oauth-abuse","OAuth abuse is attackers exploiting app-to-app authorization — consent phishing, malicious OAuth apps, stolen tokens, and device code flows — to gain persistent access to cloud tenants without touching a password or MFA prompt. Push tracks these techniques continuously and discovered ConsentFix, a browser-native attack in the wild that pairs OAuth consent phishing with a ClickFix-style prompt.",70,{"sys":489,"faqItemsCollection":491,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45,"intro":495,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":496,"hasPage":19},{"id":490},"topic-passkeys",{"items":492},[],"Passkeys","passkeys","Passkeys are phishing-resistant credentials that replace passwords with cryptographic key pairs bound to a user’s device. They defeat conventional credential phishing, but attackers adapt: Push research has documented MFA downgrade, app-specific password phishing, and device code phishing being used in the wild to route around passkey-protected accounts. Deploying passkeys is step one; closing those fallback paths is step two.",21,{"sys":498,"faqItemsCollection":500,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45,"intro":504,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":505,"hasPage":19},{"id":499},"topic-password-security",{"items":501},[],"Password security","password-security","Password security is the practice of keeping workforce credentials strong, unique, and out of attackers’ hands — still a frontline defense while most SaaS logins depend on passwords. Expiration policies don’t fix weak or reused passwords; visibility does. Push observes real logins in the browser to flag weak, reused, and breached passwords and guide employees to reset them on any app.",79,{"sys":507,"faqItemsCollection":509,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45,"intro":513,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":318,"hasPage":19},{"id":508},"topic-phaas",{"items":510},[],"PhaaS","phaas","Phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) platforms sell ready-made phishing kits, hosted infrastructure, and management panels on subscription, letting low-skill criminals run MFA-bypassing campaigns at scale. Kits like Evilginx, Tycoon2FA, Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, and EvilTokens each add their own evasion and session-theft capabilities, and new entrants appear regularly. Push researchers continuously get hands-on with these tools — investigating attacks in the wild, reverse-engineering kit behavior, and turning that research into detections.",{"sys":515,"faqItemsCollection":517,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31,"intro":521,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":522,"hasPage":19},{"id":516},"topic-phishing",{"items":518},[],"Phishing","phishing","Phishing remains the most common way attackers compromise business accounts — and it has moved far beyond suspicious emails. Modern campaigns use AiTM toolkits that bypass MFA, consent phishing against OAuth, device code phishing, and lures delivered through malvertising, LinkedIn, and Slack. Push detects and blocks these attacks in the browser, and its researchers publish teardowns of live campaigns and kits like Evilginx and Sneaky2FA. Read on for how phishing actually works today and what stops it.",91,{"sys":524,"faqItemsCollection":526,"name":528,"slug":529,"tier":45,"intro":530,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":531,"hasPage":19},{"id":525},"topic-public-breach",{"items":527},[],"Public breach","public-breach","Public breaches are the disclosed incidents that show how attacks actually unfold once the headlines fade. Push’s breach analyses keep finding identity at the entry point: stolen credentials, OAuth abuse, and missing MFA recur across the incidents analyzed here.",29,{"sys":533,"faqItemsCollection":535,"name":537,"slug":538,"tier":45,"intro":539,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":451,"hasPage":19},{"id":534},"topic-ransomware",{"items":536},[],"Ransomware","ransomware","Ransomware attacks increasingly begin with an identity, not an exploit: stolen credentials, MFA bypass, and help desk scams give operators their initial foothold. The analysis here follows that front end of the kill chain — how identity compromise leads to ransomware deployment, and the breaches driving regulators toward tighter MFA requirements.",{"sys":541,"faqItemsCollection":543,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31,"intro":547,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":548,"hasPage":19},{"id":542},"topic-saas-security",{"items":544},[],"SaaS security","saas-security","SaaS security means protecting the sprawl of cloud apps, accounts, and integrations your employees adopt — often without IT ever knowing. Shadow SaaS, risky OAuth grants, ghost logins, and unmanaged third-party access create attack paths traditional controls can’t see, as recent high-profile breaches have demonstrated. Building on the original SaaS attack matrix, Push continues to map SaaS-native attack techniques alongside practical guides for discovering and securing unsanctioned apps, and this hub gathers all of it.",96,{"sys":550,"faqItemsCollection":552,"name":554,"slug":555,"tier":45,"intro":556,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":551},"topic-security-training",{"items":553},[],"Security training","security-training","Security training aims to teach employees to recognize and avoid attacks — yet modern phishing routinely fools even seasoned security professionals. Push argues that training budgets work harder as real-time, in-browser intervention: guardrails and warnings at the moment of risk, rather than lessons employees must recall under pressure.",4,{"sys":559,"faqItemsCollection":561,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45,"intro":565,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":389,"hasPage":19},{"id":560},"topic-seo-poisoning",{"items":562},[],"SEO poisoning","seo-poisoning","SEO poisoning manipulates search engine results so malicious pages rank prominently for the software, tools, or services users are actively searching for, turning a routine search into an infection vector. It often pairs with malvertising and ClickFix-style payloads — Push has documented attackers abusing shared pages on legitimate AI chatbot domains to deliver malware from trusted infrastructure.",{"sys":567,"faqItemsCollection":569,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45,"intro":573,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":574,"hasPage":19},{"id":568},"topic-session-hijacking",{"items":570},[],"Session hijacking","session-hijacking","Session hijacking is the theft of an authenticated session — usually via stolen session cookies or tokens — letting attackers walk past passwords and MFA into a live account. AiTM phishing kits and infostealers have made it a mainstream attack technique across both criminal and targeted intrusions. Push’s browser agent detects session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string, creating a high-fidelity signal for security teams.",74,{"sys":576,"faqItemsCollection":578,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45,"intro":582,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":583,"hasPage":19},{"id":577},"topic-shadow-ai",{"items":579},[],"Shadow AI","shadow-ai","Shadow AI is employees’ unsanctioned use of AI tools at work, putting corporate data into chatbots and assistants that security teams never approved and can’t see. Push’s own browser telemetry shows AI adoption acting as a force multiplier for shadow IT — potentially now outscaling shadow SaaS — and this hub tracks that research, real-world breach examples, and practical controls.",20,{"sys":585,"faqItemsCollection":587,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45,"intro":591,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":592,"hasPage":19},{"id":586},"topic-shadow-saas",{"items":588},[],"Shadow SaaS","shadow-saas","Shadow SaaS is the cloud applications employees adopt for work without IT approval, each one creating unmanaged accounts, identities, and data outside your security controls. Push covers the problem end to end — from browser-based SaaS discovery to in-browser app banners and MFA enforcement — alongside breach analyses that show where unmanaged accounts lead.",75,{"sys":594,"faqItemsCollection":596,"name":598,"slug":599,"tier":45,"intro":600,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":601,"hasPage":19},{"id":595},"topic-siem",{"items":597},[],"SIEM","siem","A SIEM is only as good as the telemetry feeding it, and most log sources never see what happens inside the browser — where phishing, session token theft, and account takeover actually play out. Push streams browser-level detections and identity telemetry into SIEMs, and these posts show how that data improves detection fidelity and cuts alert fatigue.",19,{"sys":603,"faqItemsCollection":605,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45,"intro":609,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":610,"hasPage":19},{"id":604},"topic-social-engineering",{"items":606},[],"Social engineering","social-engineering","Social engineering is the manipulation of people — through phishing pages, help desk impersonation, vishing calls, and poisoned tenant invites — into handing over access that no exploit could take. Coverage here tracks how threat actors run these plays — drawing on Push’s ongoing investigation of live phishing infrastructure and criminal tooling.",59,{"sys":612,"faqItemsCollection":614,"name":616,"slug":617,"tier":31,"intro":618,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":557,"hasPage":6},{"id":613},"topic-supply-chain-security",{"items":615},[],"Supply chain security","supply-chain-security","Supply chain security extends beyond your own perimeter to the vendors, platforms, and browser extensions your organization depends on. A compromised third party can hand attackers legitimate access — as recent campaigns against SaaS providers have shown. Push’s research examines the browser-extension supply chain in particular: why extension risk scores fail to predict compromise, and how developers can harden extensions against takeover. These posts frame supply chain risk through a browser and identity lens.",{"sys":620,"faqItemsCollection":622,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45,"intro":626,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":627,"hasPage":19},{"id":621},"topic-swg",{"items":623},[],"SWG","swg","A secure web gateway (SWG) filters and inspects web traffic in transit, sitting in the network path between users and the internet. That position shows you the packet but not the session: Push’s research on AitM phishing kits documents how attackers break the signatures proxies rely on, and these posts explain why phishing detection is moving from the network path into the browser itself.",17,{"sys":629,"faqItemsCollection":631,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45,"intro":635,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":636,"hasPage":19},{"id":630},"topic-third-party-risk",{"items":632},[],"Third-party risk","third-party-risk","Third-party risk is the exposure your organization inherits from vendors, SaaS providers, and integrations that hold your data or access your tenants — a chain now extended one employee sign-up at a time. This hub collects Push’s breach analyses and guides for assessing OAuth integrations, managing browser extensions, and responding when a supplier is compromised.",44,{"sys":638,"faqItemsCollection":640,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31,"intro":644,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":398,"hasPage":19},{"id":639},"topic-threat-landscape",{"items":641},[],"Threat landscape","threat-landscape","The enterprise threat landscape is now defined by identity attacks: criminals log in with phished, stolen, or stuffed credentials rather than breaking infrastructure. Threat actors keep proving how effective help desk scams, MFA bypass, and session theft are against well-defended organizations. Drawing on breach analyses, annual phishing trend reviews, and in-the-wild campaign tracking, Push documents how attacker TTPs are shifting. This hub is where to follow those changes.",{"sys":646,"faqItemsCollection":648,"name":650,"slug":651,"tier":45,"intro":652,"faqTitle":59,"postCount":371,"hasPage":19},{"id":647},"topic-vishing",{"items":649},[],"Vishing","vishing","Vishing — voice phishing — uses phone calls to impersonate IT support, help desks, or employees, talking targets into password resets, MFA approvals, or opening attacker-controlled pages. Threat actors now routinely pair calls with AiTM phishing to hijack SSO accounts, a chain Push has analyzed across campaigns targeting hundreds of organizations.",{},"blogtopics","w0ITersBlkytyrxHNkTEFmGsSW5X9NfdbmeXV1u8bAo",[657,661,665,669,673],{"title":658,"logo":659,"createdDate":660},"SOC2","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fb6727a5e00004d6e9e69fc3068b8b64c",1784291539953,{"title":662,"logo":663,"createdDate":664},"GDPR","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Ffe49f53211674deaa5a6640d929cdf42?format=webp",1784291672535,{"title":666,"logo":667,"createdDate":668},"Cyber essentials","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F53558c1045a342a7a28def960cd54ae7?format=webp",1784291702710,{"title":670,"logo":671,"createdDate":672},"ISO IEC 27001","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2F578a404a61cf45db951a41fe3554d12d",1784291766222,{"title":674,"logo":675,"createdDate":676},"ISO IEC 27701","https://cdn.builder.io/api/v1/image/assets%2Ff3a1111ff5be48cdbb123cd9f5795a05%2Fbe219844b13242fbba531959579a753c",1784291858848,[678,730,775],{"id":679,"label":680,"text":21,"navIcon":681,"items":682},"stop-browser-based-attacks","Stop browser-based attacks","solid:faShieldHalved",[683,688,693,698,703,708,712,717,721,725],{"title":684,"text":685,"url":686,"navIcon":687},"Adversary-in-the-Middle","Detect and block AiTM proxies stealing session tokens.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/adversary-in-the-middle-attacks","solid:faUserSecret",{"title":689,"text":690,"url":691,"navIcon":692},"ClickFix (+Fix variants)","Block attacks that trick users into running malicious code.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/clickfix-fix-variants","sharp-regular:faLaptopCode",{"title":694,"text":695,"url":696,"navIcon":697},"Malicious OAuth integrations","Detect suspicious OAuth consent flows and stop persistent access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-oauth-integrations","solid:faPlugCircleXmark",{"title":699,"text":700,"url":701,"navIcon":702},"Malicious browser extensions","Shine a light on risky browser extensions.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-browser-extensions","sharp-regular:faPuzzlePiece",{"title":704,"text":705,"url":706,"navIcon":707},"Malicious file downloads","Gain visibility into browser downloads and block malicious files.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/malicious-file-downloads","solid:faFileCircleXmark",{"title":395,"text":709,"url":710,"navIcon":711},"Surface hidden login paths that bypass SSO and expose accounts.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/ghost-logins","solid:faGhost",{"title":713,"text":714,"url":715,"navIcon":716},"Mobile phishing (QR & SMS)","Detect phishing links delivered via SMS and QR codes.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/mobile-phishing-qr-code-sms","solid:faQrcode",{"title":333,"text":718,"url":719,"navIcon":720},"Identify reused and compromised credentials across SaaS logins.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/credential-stuffing","custom:credentialStuffing",{"title":571,"text":722,"url":723,"navIcon":724},"Detect and block stolen session tokens before attackers get access.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/session-hijacking","solid:faCookieBite",{"title":726,"text":727,"url":728,"navIcon":729},"Zero-day phishing","Detect phishing TTPs directly in the browser and stop credential theft.","/solution/stop-browser-based-attacks/zero-day-phishing","sharp-regular:faFishingRod",{"id":731,"label":732,"text":21,"navIcon":733,"items":734},"achieve-security-outcomes","Achieve security outcomes","solid:faCheckToSlot",[735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770],{"title":736,"text":737,"url":738,"navIcon":739},"Stop account takeover","Stop ATO with stolen credential and compromised token detection.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/stop-account-takeover","sharp-regular:faUserSecret",{"title":741,"text":742,"url":743,"navIcon":744},"Harden unmanaged identities","Harden access paths with visibility, detection, and guardrails.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/harden-unmanaged-identities","sharp-regular:faRadar",{"title":746,"text":747,"url":748,"navIcon":749},"Investigate browser-related incidents","Investigate and respond faster with unique browser telemetry.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-browser-related-incidents","sharp-regular:faSatelliteDish",{"title":751,"text":752,"url":753,"navIcon":754},"Secure shadow SaaS","See and control shadow SaaS in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-shadow-saas","sharp-regular:faShieldCheck",{"title":756,"text":757,"url":758,"navIcon":759},"Secure AI","See and control AI apps in the browser.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-ai","sharp-regular:faBrainCircuit",{"title":761,"text":762,"url":763,"navIcon":764},"Secure BYOD","Extend consistent browser-based protection to unmanaged devices.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-bring-your-own-device","solid:faMobileScreenButton",{"title":766,"text":767,"url":768,"navIcon":769},"Secure Chromebooks","Secure browser activity on Chromebooks without endpoint agents.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/secure-chromebooks","brands:faChrome",{"title":771,"text":772,"url":773,"navIcon":774},"Investigate and stop data loss","Detect and prevent data loss across AI tools, apps, and sessions.","/solution/achieve-security-outcomes/investigate-and-stop-data-loss","custom:investigateAndStopDataLoss",{"id":776,"label":777,"text":21,"navIcon":778,"items":779},"tool-replacements","Tool replacements","solid:faScrewdriverWrench",[780,785,790,795],{"title":781,"text":782,"url":783,"navIcon":784},"Remote browser isolation","Detect attacks that look like normal browsing.","/solution/tool-replacements/remote-browser-isolation","solid:faDisplay",{"title":786,"text":787,"url":788,"navIcon":789},"Secure web gateways","Detect attacks inside the browser after SWGs allowed the connection.","/solution/tool-replacements/secure-web-gateways","solid:faFilter",{"title":791,"text":792,"url":793,"navIcon":794},"Cloud access security broker","Catch browser-based identity threats in real time, not after the fact.","/solution/tool-replacements/cloud-access-security-broker","solid:faCloudArrowUp",{"title":796,"text":797,"url":798,"navIcon":799},"Security awareness training","Block real phishing instead of training users on simulations.","/solution/tool-replacements/security-awareness-training","custom:securityAwareness",{"w":801,"h":802,"d":803},448,512,"M171-16c-36.4 0-57.8 58.3-68.3 112L72 96c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24s10.7 24 24 24l24 0 0 32c0 17 3.3 33.2 9.3 48l-9.3 0 0 0-20.5 0c-15.2 0-27.5 12.3-27.5 27.5 0 3 .5 5.9 1.4 8.7l28.9 86.6C40.2 379.6 16 428.1 16 482.3 16 498.7 29.3 512 45.7 512l356.6 0c16.4 0 29.7-13.3 29.7-29.7 0-54.2-24.2-102.7-62.3-135.4l28.9-86.6c.9-2.8 1.4-5.7 1.4-8.7 0-15.2-12.3-27.5-27.5-27.5l-20.5 0 0 0-9.3 0c6-14.8 9.3-31 9.3-48l0-32 24 0c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24l-30.7 0c-10.4-53.7-31.9-112-68.3-112-9.6 0-19 3.9-27.5 8.2-8.2 4.1-18.4 7.8-25.5 7.8s-17.3-3.7-25.5-7.8C190-12.1 180.6-16 171-16zm93.7 484.4l-24.8-70.9 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24 24 24s24-10.7 24-24l0-102.1 31 31c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0s9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-72-72z",[843,4943,8561,11305,14449,17295,18962,22408,25907,28082,30159,32698,34790,37278,39387,41532,44387,47058,49101,51816,54331,56113,57997,58937,61262,63349,65596,68100,70807,73290,77092,79138,82222,84434,86687,88661,91158,92437,94127,96293,100898,102547],{"id":844,"title":845,"authorsCollection":846,"content":854,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":1864,"faqTitle":2052,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":2053,"metaTitle":2054,"ogImage":59,"postType":59,"publishedDate":2055,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":2056,"slug":4882,"stem":4883,"subtitle":4884,"summary":4885,"synopsis":4895,"sys":4896,"tagsCollection":4899,"topicsCollection":4908,"__hash__":4942},"blog/blog/shadow-ai-how-to-discover-govern-and-secure-ai-apps.json","Shadow AI: how to discover, govern, and secure AI apps",{"items":847},[848],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":852},"Kelly Davenport","Kelly","Product Team",{"url":853},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1hi8bEuVfn5sF57LivAq6d/9a3b82426c697d765e2e450e33a18424/kelly_profile_pic.jpeg",{"json":855,"links":1710},{"nodeType":856,"data":857,"content":858},"document",{},[859,868,875,926,933,940,995,1004,1008,1017,1024,1036,1042,1054,1060,1072,1078,1081,1089,1096,1115,1126,1133,1140,1143,1151,1158,1183,1189,1196,1212,1228,1234,1250,1266,1273,1280,1287,1293,1296,1304,1311,1319,1326,1342,1349,1374,1380,1387,1393,1405,1412,1418,1424,1427,1435,1442,1461,1468,1476,1483,1495,1511,1517,1529,1563,1570,1586,1592,1608,1615,1622,1625,1633,1640,1647,1654,1661,1668,1675,1678,1685,1692],{"nodeType":860,"data":861,"content":862},"paragraph",{},[863],{"nodeType":864,"value":865,"marks":866,"data":867},"text","Every security team that's blocked an AI tool at the network level has had the same experience three months later: The tool they blocked isn't in use, but a dozen they've never heard of are.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":869,"content":870},{},[871],{"nodeType":864,"value":872,"marks":873,"data":874},"The block didn't stop employees from using AI. It just prevented the security team from seeing what’s actually happening.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":876,"content":877},{},[878,882,891,895,901,905,910,914,922],{"nodeType":864,"value":879,"marks":880,"data":881},"The data backs up this pattern. ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":884,"content":886},"hyperlink",{"uri":885},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai/",[887],{"nodeType":864,"value":888,"marks":889,"data":890},"Push telemetry",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":892,"marks":893,"data":894}," shows that the average organization has ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":896,"marks":897,"data":900},"16 AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions,",[898],{"type":899},"bold",{},{"nodeType":864,"value":902,"marks":903,"data":904}," and ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":906,"marks":907,"data":909},"17 AI OAuth integrations",[908],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":911,"marks":912,"data":913}," in active use during a typical week — most unapproved. Meanwhile, ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":915,"content":917},{"uri":916},"https://www.okta.com/newsroom/articles/ai-agents-at-work-2026-agentic-enterprise-security/",[918],{"nodeType":864,"value":919,"marks":920,"data":921},"Okta found",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":923,"marks":924,"data":925}," that 80% of employees who use unapproved AI tools do so because it's easier to use their own accounts, and 57% because the approval process is too slow.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":927,"content":928},{},[929],{"nodeType":864,"value":930,"marks":931,"data":932},"The organizations getting this right have stopped treating AI governance as an access-control problem — which tools to allow, which to block — and started treating it as an invitation to build out an infrastructure to enable appropriate use. Employees are going to use the tools they need to get their work done. The question is whether they'll use them on a path you built and instrumented, or on one they carved themselves.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":934,"content":935},{},[936],{"nodeType":864,"value":937,"marks":938,"data":939},"This guide walks through how to build that paved path. Using Push, you can:",[],{},{"nodeType":941,"data":942,"content":943},"unordered-list",{},[944,955,965,975,985],{"nodeType":945,"data":946,"content":947},"list-item",{},[948],{"nodeType":860,"data":949,"content":950},{},[951],{"nodeType":864,"value":952,"marks":953,"data":954},"Identify shadow AI, including personal accounts on approved corporate apps, AI browser extensions, OAuth integrations into sensitive systems, and AI browser usage.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":956,"content":957},{},[958],{"nodeType":860,"data":959,"content":960},{},[961],{"nodeType":864,"value":962,"marks":963,"data":964},"Enforce policies on data flows into and out of AI apps, including blocking unapproved file uploads, downloads, and clipboard pastes; and monitoring AI chat transcripts.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":966,"content":967},{},[968],{"nodeType":860,"data":969,"content":970},{},[971],{"nodeType":864,"value":972,"marks":973,"data":974},"Use just-in-time guardrails to intercept users accessing unapproved AI tools and point them at approved alternatives.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":976,"content":977},{},[978],{"nodeType":860,"data":979,"content":980},{},[981],{"nodeType":864,"value":982,"marks":983,"data":984},"Prevent unwanted MCP connections with app-agnostic controls.",[],{},{"nodeType":945,"data":986,"content":987},{},[988],{"nodeType":860,"data":989,"content":990},{},[991],{"nodeType":864,"value":992,"marks":993,"data":994},"Automate a lot of the work so you don’t burn out your team as the AI landscape continues to shift.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":997,"content":1003},"embedded-entry-block",{"target":998},{"sys":999},{"id":1000,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"29N8YH9As3GHypOve3br80","Link","Entry",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1006,"content":1007},"hr",{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1010,"content":1011},"heading-1",{},[1012],{"nodeType":864,"value":1013,"marks":1014,"data":1016},"What is shadow AI, and why can't you manage it like shadow IT?",[1015],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1018,"content":1019},{},[1020],{"nodeType":864,"value":1021,"marks":1022,"data":1023},"Shadow AI is any use of AI tools, services, or integrations that happens outside an organization's security governance and visibility. Security teams have been managing shadow SaaS for years, but shadow AI can't be addressed with the same playbook — for three reasons.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1025,"content":1026},{},[1027,1032],{"nodeType":864,"value":1028,"marks":1029,"data":1031},"First",[1030],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1033,"marks":1034,"data":1035},", it spans multiple categories that each need different controls: unapproved AI apps, personal accounts on approved corporate AI tools, AI browser extensions, and OAuth integrations into corporate systems. Blocking unapproved apps doesn't address personal accounts on approved ones, and neither solves the extension or OAuth problem. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1037,"content":1041},{"target":1038},{"sys":1039},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2hsKQ9DEspflhmtR0bE7QY",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1043,"content":1044},{},[1045,1050],{"nodeType":864,"value":1046,"marks":1047,"data":1049},"Second",[1048],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1051,"marks":1052,"data":1053},", the tools most organizations rely on to manage shadow SaaS — SWGs, CASBs, EDR, IdP logs — are structurally blind to shadow AI. An SWG sees that someone visited an AI domain but can't tell you whether they logged in, pasted source code into a prompt, or granted OAuth access to your Google Workspace tenant. EDR doesn't see browser-layer activity at all. IdP logs capture OAuth grants routed through the identity provider but miss tools accessed via direct signup or personal accounts. Instead, the activity security teams need to see happens primarily inside the browser.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1055,"content":1059},{"target":1056},{"sys":1057},{"id":1058,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1vE0dyAKdnTSjyAJ4Xoadd",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1061,"content":1062},{},[1063,1068],{"nodeType":864,"value":1064,"marks":1065,"data":1067},"Third",[1066],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1069,"marks":1070,"data":1071},", the risk profile is different. Shadow AI tools increasingly function as hubs — connected via OAuth integrations and MCP to email, cloud storage, code repositories, and other high-value systems. They leak sensitive data outward (employees paste source code, credentials, and internal documents into prompts daily) while simultaneously expanding the attack surface inward (compromise a single AI app and an attacker inherits whatever access the employee granted it, turning one ungoverned tool into a pivot point across the SaaS estate). ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1073,"content":1077},{"target":1074},{"sys":1075},{"id":1076,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ldZ23OORTu7INBfSnE7R7",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1079,"content":1080},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1082,"content":1083},{},[1084],{"nodeType":864,"value":1085,"marks":1086,"data":1088},"Why blocking AI usage fails",[1087],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1090,"content":1091},{},[1092],{"nodeType":864,"value":1093,"marks":1094,"data":1095},"The instinct to block AI tools makes sense. Executives are asking about AI risk to the business, a new tool appears every week, and blocking unapproved apps feels like a quick way to stop the bleeding.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1097,"content":1098},{},[1099,1103,1111],{"nodeType":864,"value":1100,"marks":1101,"data":1102},"Unfortunately, blocking doesn't work for long. The latest security frameworks — including the ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1104,"content":1106},{"uri":1105},"https://www.sans.org/mlp/2026-ai-security-maturity-model-ebook",[1107],{"nodeType":864,"value":1108,"marks":1109,"data":1110},"SANS AI Security Maturity Model",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1112,"marks":1113,"data":1114}," — all agree: Block-based AI policies drive usage underground rather than preventing it. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1116,"data":1117,"content":1118},"blockquote",{},[1119],{"nodeType":860,"data":1120,"content":1121},{},[1122],{"nodeType":864,"value":1123,"marks":1124,"data":1125},"A block-based AI policy may feel like risk management, but practitioner experience shows that it typically drives AI usage underground rather than preventing it. The goal is not to eliminate AI use; it is to bring it into visibility where it can be governed.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1127,"content":1128},{},[1129],{"nodeType":864,"value":1130,"marks":1131,"data":1132},"These kinds of barricades also fail for a structural reason: They're built on the network perimeter, and AI usage doesn't cross the perimeter in ways network tools can inspect.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1134,"content":1135},{},[1136],{"nodeType":864,"value":1137,"marks":1138,"data":1139},"The most damaging consequence of blocking isn't the workarounds themselves — it's the loss of visibility. To begin building a better path for employees, you have to start with seeing what's actually happening.",[],{},{"nodeType":1005,"data":1141,"content":1142},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1144,"content":1145},{},[1146],{"nodeType":864,"value":1147,"marks":1148,"data":1150},"Using Push to discover, govern, and control shadow AI",[1149],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1152,"content":1153},{},[1154],{"nodeType":864,"value":1155,"marks":1156,"data":1157},"Push Security is a browser security platform that gets you the vantage point you need to start addressing shadow AI. Push deploys as a lightweight extension to employees' existing browsers rather than requiring a full browser migration, giving security teams visibility into browser-layer activity that network and endpoint tools structurally lack.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1159,"content":1160},{},[1161,1165,1170,1174,1179],{"nodeType":864,"value":1162,"marks":1163,"data":1164},"Push discovers AI tools through ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1166,"marks":1167,"data":1169},"automatic",[1168],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1171,"marks":1172,"data":1173}," ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1175,"marks":1176,"data":1178},"app discovery",[1177],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1180,"marks":1181,"data":1182},", allowing you to identify applications from actual browser login events rather than network traffic logs. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1184,"content":1188},{"target":1185},{"sys":1186},{"id":1187,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4eTkgU2dxhMueHPiwuCWDl",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1190,"content":1191},{},[1192],{"nodeType":864,"value":1193,"marks":1194,"data":1195},"When an employee signs into a new AI service, Push registers the authentication event, identifies the application, and logs how the employee authenticated — corporate SSO, OIDC, a standalone password, or a personal account. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1197,"content":1198},{},[1199,1203,1208],{"nodeType":864,"value":1200,"marks":1201,"data":1202},"Push then applies ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1204,"marks":1205,"data":1207},"app categories ",[1206],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1209,"marks":1210,"data":1211},"automatically, classifying the discovered application by type without requiring security teams to build or maintain manual lists.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1213,"content":1214},{},[1215,1219,1224],{"nodeType":864,"value":1216,"marks":1217,"data":1218},"Push extends the same discovery across the other three shadow AI dimensions. The platform’s ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1220,"marks":1221,"data":1223},"browser extension discovery ",[1222],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1225,"marks":1226,"data":1227},"capability catalogs every AI-related extension installed across the workforce, including the specific permissions each extension has requested (access to page content, browsing history, clipboard data), allowing you to review whether those permission combinations could enable data exfiltration or account takeover. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1229,"content":1233},{"target":1230},{"sys":1231},{"id":1232,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1z56sTWWN9E35dE3HhbRNY",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1235,"content":1236},{},[1237,1241,1246],{"nodeType":864,"value":1238,"marks":1239,"data":1240},"Push’s ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1242,"marks":1243,"data":1245},"OAuth integration discovery",[1244],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1247,"marks":1248,"data":1249}," identifies OAuth connections between AI tools and corporate systems — the grants that create persistent API-level access to platforms like Google Workspace.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1251,"content":1252},{},[1253,1257,1262],{"nodeType":864,"value":1254,"marks":1255,"data":1256},"For each discovered tool, Push also captures authentication context that points to ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1258,"marks":1259,"data":1261},"where hidden security risks lie",[1260],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1263,"marks":1264,"data":1265},": SSO vs. password vs. personal account, MFA status, and password strength. An AI tool accessed via corporate SSO with MFA is a different risk than the same tool accessed through a personal Gmail account with a reused password. Similarly, employees using only a password to access AI tools that they’ve integrated with other sensitive corporate systems introduces another level of downstream risk. That context is what makes the inventory actionable.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1267,"content":1268},{},[1269],{"nodeType":864,"value":1270,"marks":1271,"data":1272},"Push also detects when employees are adopting agentic browsers — autonomous AI-powered browsers like Comet, Atlas, and Dia that browse the web and interact with applications on behalf of users or automated workflows. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1274,"content":1275},{},[1276],{"nodeType":864,"value":1277,"marks":1278,"data":1279},"These represent an emerging category of non-human AI identity. They authenticate to SaaS applications, access corporate data, and make API calls, but they aren't managed through traditional identity infrastructure. Push helps you identify these agentic browsers as they appear in the environment, before they become a blind spot.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1281,"content":1282},{},[1283],{"nodeType":864,"value":1284,"marks":1285,"data":1286},"Returning to the paved path metaphor, this step is about surveying the site before you figure out where to put in the path. You need to understand who’s already doing what, where, so you can find the risks you need to address.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1288,"content":1292},{"target":1289},{"sys":1290},{"id":1291,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5iXyJbxwWiUt7WoP7FF0Y2",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1294,"content":1295},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1297,"content":1298},{},[1299],{"nodeType":864,"value":1300,"marks":1301,"data":1303},"Step-by-step guide to enforcing AI governance without blocking everything",[1302],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1305,"content":1306},{},[1307],{"nodeType":864,"value":1308,"marks":1309,"data":1310},"The barricade approach favored by existing solutions like network proxies gives you two options: Allow or block. Enforcing AI policy effectively requires a third approach with a bit more nuance: Guide the user to do the right thing. ",[],{},{"nodeType":1312,"data":1313,"content":1314},"heading-2",{},[1315],{"nodeType":864,"value":1316,"marks":1317,"data":1318},"Building the \"paved path\" with Push",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1320,"content":1321},{},[1322],{"nodeType":864,"value":1323,"marks":1324,"data":1325},"Push provides all three options as configurable enforcement modes for a variety of readymade controls. Progressing between them is how organizations can move from \"we don't know what people are doing with AI\" to evidence-based governance.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1327,"content":1328},{},[1329,1333,1338],{"nodeType":864,"value":1330,"marks":1331,"data":1332},"Push can be deployed silently and begin observing AI usage with no employee-facing intervention. This is effectively Push in ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1334,"marks":1335,"data":1337},"Monitor",[1336],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1339,"marks":1340,"data":1341}," mode.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1343,"content":1344},{},[1345],{"nodeType":864,"value":1346,"marks":1347,"data":1348},"The platform records which tools are in use, how employees authenticated, and what usage patterns are emerging. Most organizations should start here to generate a baseline. Telemetry can be streamed to your SIEM or other downstream system to get alerted to newly adopted apps and extensions, and to surface security risks like insecure accounts.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1350,"content":1351},{},[1352,1356,1361,1365,1370],{"nodeType":864,"value":1353,"marks":1354,"data":1355},"Next, most organizations will transition to ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1357,"marks":1358,"data":1360},"Acknowledge",[1359],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1362,"marks":1363,"data":1364}," mode for controls like in-browser ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1366,"marks":1367,"data":1369},"App banners",[1368],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1371,"marks":1372,"data":1373},". With this control, you can warn employees when they attempt to use an unapproved AI tool and point them to approved alternatives.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1375,"content":1379},{"target":1376},{"sys":1377},{"id":1378,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"17nT8JDTyHLExwhb2upb6T",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1381,"content":1382},{},[1383],{"nodeType":864,"value":1384,"marks":1385,"data":1386},"The employee isn't blocked — they're guided toward the governed path at the moment they're about to step off it. This is more effective than a policy document because it arrives right when they need the reminder. ",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1388,"content":1392},{"target":1389},{"sys":1390},{"id":1391,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2lDFCuc48jcGODcwD6nYhK",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1394,"content":1395},{},[1396,1401],{"nodeType":864,"value":1397,"marks":1398,"data":1400},"Block",[1399],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1402,"marks":1403,"data":1404}," mode prevents access entirely — Push presents a blocking banner to users who attempt to log in to unapproved apps. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1406,"content":1407},{},[1408],{"nodeType":864,"value":1409,"marks":1410,"data":1411},"Push makes the Monitor → Acknowledge → Block progression practical through automatic app categorization. This means that new AI tools inherit whatever governance mode the team has set for that category, without manual blocklist updates. All controls are configurable per user group — the data science team can use AI coding assistants while uploads from finance are restricted — because different teams have different risk profiles.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1413,"content":1417},{"target":1414},{"sys":1415},{"id":1416,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5EBOHy6X6iJfmzJ65txGOv",[],{"nodeType":996,"data":1419,"content":1423},{"target":1420},{"sys":1421},{"id":1422,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"31JnX2KNCAnlaVS9Qqqh8W",[],{"nodeType":1005,"data":1425,"content":1426},{},[],{"nodeType":1009,"data":1428,"content":1429},{},[1430],{"nodeType":864,"value":1431,"marks":1432,"data":1434},"Guardrails: how to prevent data loss to AI tools",[1433],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1436,"content":1437},{},[1438],{"nodeType":864,"value":1439,"marks":1440,"data":1441},"Even on the paved path, you need guardrails because preventing data loss to AI tools is a separate problem from controlling which tools employees use. An employee on an approved AI tool can still paste an AWS access key into a prompt, upload a customer spreadsheet, or share confidential documents in a conversation.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1443,"content":1444},{},[1445,1448,1457],{"nodeType":864,"value":21,"marks":1446,"data":1447},[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1449,"content":1450},{"uri":916},[1451],{"nodeType":864,"value":1452,"marks":1453,"data":1456},"Okta's data",[1454],{"type":1455},"underline",{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1458,"marks":1459,"data":1460}," on what employees actually share shows what’s at stake: 54% share internal messages and emails with AI tools, 39% share confidential company documents, and 28% share banking and payment information.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1462,"content":1463},{},[1464],{"nodeType":864,"value":1465,"marks":1466,"data":1467},"Blocking is too much of a blunt instrument here, as obviously, you want employees to be able to use approved tools. The answer is controlling what data enters them.",[],{},{"nodeType":1312,"data":1469,"content":1470},{},[1471],{"nodeType":864,"value":1472,"marks":1473,"data":1475},"Browser-layer controls for AI data leakage",[1474],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1477,"content":1478},{},[1479],{"nodeType":864,"value":1480,"marks":1481,"data":1482},"Push addresses this problem with four browser-layer data controls, each targeting a distinct exfiltration path and supporting the same Monitor → Warn → Block enforcement modes:",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1484,"content":1485},{},[1486,1491],{"nodeType":864,"value":1487,"marks":1488,"data":1490},"Clipboard blocking",[1489],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1492,"marks":1493,"data":1494}," addresses the most common path for sensitive data into AI tools: copy-paste. Push matches clipboard content against preconfigured patterns for AWS access keys, GitHub tokens, API keys, credit card numbers, and personal identifiers, plus custom content rules for organization-specific data like internal project codes. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1496,"content":1497},{},[1498,1502,1507],{"nodeType":864,"value":1499,"marks":1500,"data":1501},"In ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1503,"marks":1504,"data":1506},"Warn",[1505],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1508,"marks":1509,"data":1510}," mode, Push offers a redacted version of the sensitive data so the employee can continue their work — getting help with their code, for instance — without exposing the actual credential.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1512,"content":1516},{"target":1513},{"sys":1514},{"id":1515,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1JarUdbe8AkJlgB0LjchNR",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1518,"content":1519},{},[1520,1525],{"nodeType":864,"value":1521,"marks":1522,"data":1524},"File upload blocking",[1523],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1526,"marks":1527,"data":1528}," prevents files from being uploaded to specific AI apps, configurable by app, user group, and file type (Push provides a list for fast configuration).",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1530,"content":1531},{},[1532,1537,1541,1550,1554,1559],{"nodeType":864,"value":1533,"marks":1534,"data":1536},"File download blocking",[1535],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1538,"marks":1539,"data":1540}," addresses a different common risk: Employees downloading desktop versions of AI tools, which moves usage outside the browser where Push has visibility. Download blocking also covers files generated inside web applications, such as an AI tool that produces a downloadable asset. (Push’s detection and response capabilities also protect against scenarios in which attackers present users with ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1542,"content":1544},{"uri":1543},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign",[1545],{"nodeType":864,"value":1546,"marks":1547,"data":1549},"faked AI tool download pages",[1548],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1551,"marks":1552,"data":1553}," as part of phishing campaigns, a technique we dubbed ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1555,"marks":1556,"data":1558},"LLMShare",[1557],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1560,"marks":1561,"data":1562},".)",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1564,"content":1565},{},[1566],{"nodeType":864,"value":1567,"marks":1568,"data":1569},"Push also provides telemetry streams on all file upload and download events in your environment, so you can get a baseline pattern of life and identify anomalies that could indicate insider risk. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1571,"content":1572},{},[1573,1577,1582],{"nodeType":864,"value":1574,"marks":1575,"data":1576},"The Push platform also provides the capability to write your own ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1578,"marks":1579,"data":1581},"custom detections",[1580],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1583,"marks":1584,"data":1585},", which you can use for other organization-specific use cases, or even to extend your control over GenAI tool usage, such as by blocking unapproved MCP server connections.",[],{},{"nodeType":996,"data":1587,"content":1591},{"target":1588},{"sys":1589},{"id":1590,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5XYVgJjgUPUfY1W1Zcgrvm",[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1593,"content":1594},{},[1595,1599,1604],{"nodeType":864,"value":1596,"marks":1597,"data":1598},"Finally, ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1600,"marks":1601,"data":1603},"AI conversation visibility",[1602],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":1605,"marks":1606,"data":1607}," gives you a window into what is being shared in AI chats, consumable as a stream of events to your SIEM or SOAR. Over time, you can build up a picture of what’s normal or what violates company policy, and create a queryable history to identify potential data loss during an incident response process.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1609,"content":1610},{},[1611],{"nodeType":864,"value":1612,"marks":1613,"data":1614},"Traditional DLP at the endpoint or network layer misses these paths. Network DLP and SWGs can't inspect clipboard pastes into AI prompts — there's no network event to intercept. Endpoint DLP sees file-system operations but not in-browser activity. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1616,"content":1617},{},[1618],{"nodeType":864,"value":1619,"marks":1620,"data":1621},"Push's controls operate where the data is flowing — inside the browser session.",[],{},{"nodeType":1005,"data":1623,"content":1624},{},[],{"nodeType":1312,"data":1626,"content":1627},{},[1628],{"nodeType":864,"value":1629,"marks":1630,"data":1632},"How to keep up with AI tool sprawl",[1631],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1634,"content":1635},{},[1636],{"nodeType":864,"value":1637,"marks":1638,"data":1639},"Pragmatically, the hardest part of generative AI security isn't the initial steps you take — it's keeping up with the sprawl. Point-in-time audits quickly become outdated when the landscape changes so quickly.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1641,"content":1642},{},[1643],{"nodeType":864,"value":1644,"marks":1645,"data":1646},"Push addresses this with continuous discovery, telemetry streams for the most important points of user interaction with AI apps, and controls that allow you to adapt quickly with simple configuration changes.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1648,"content":1649},{},[1650],{"nodeType":864,"value":1651,"marks":1652,"data":1653},"With automatic app categorization, if an employee starts using a new AI code assistant that didn't exist last quarter, Push discovers it, classifies it, and applies your governance rules — no manual intervention required.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1655,"content":1656},{},[1657],{"nodeType":864,"value":1658,"marks":1659,"data":1660},"All AI-related telemetry — app logins, file uploads and downloads, clipboard events, browser extensions, AI chat transcripts — can be sent as structured data to your SIEM.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1662,"content":1663},{},[1664],{"nodeType":864,"value":1665,"marks":1666,"data":1667},"This gives you all the information you need to track your progress, check your compliance status, and identify trends in AI usage and risk across your business as you make progress toward your goal, armed with the right data you didn't have before.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1669,"content":1670},{},[1671],{"nodeType":864,"value":1672,"marks":1673,"data":1674},"The goal isn't perfect control over every AI interaction. It's having enough visibility to make informed decisions and enough control to enforce them, without intensifying the shadow AI usage problem you set out to solve. Push can help you get there.",[],{},{"nodeType":1005,"data":1676,"content":1677},{},[],{"nodeType":860,"data":1679,"content":1680},{},[1681],{"nodeType":864,"value":1682,"marks":1683,"data":1684},"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1686,"content":1687},{},[1688],{"nodeType":864,"value":1689,"marks":1690,"data":1691},"Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1693,"content":1694},{},[1695,1698,1707],{"nodeType":864,"value":21,"marks":1696,"data":1697},[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":1699,"content":1701},{"uri":1700},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo",[1702],{"nodeType":864,"value":1703,"marks":1704,"data":1706},"Book a live demo to learn more.",[1705],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":21,"marks":1708,"data":1709},[],{},{"entries":1711},{"hyperlink":1712,"inline":1713,"block":1714},[],[],[1715,1722,1731,1738,1776,1783,1790,1796,1803,1830,1838,1852,1858],{"sys":1716,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":1719,"buttonLabel":1720,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":58},{"id":1000},"CtaWidget","Custom","Don't miss our upcoming webinar on Shadow AI and how to manage it in your organization.","Register Now","sunny orange",{"sys":1723,"__typename":1724,"title":1725,"caption":1726,"layoutMode":59,"file":1727},{"id":1040},"Image","ai-sprawl-infographic","AI sprawl is worse than most organizations realize. ",{"url":1728,"width":1729,"height":1730},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7vCbQdyRkjLs5EmsjBBAQp/3bfb13e7ec19be76325cdc69297c48c3/ai-sprawl-infographic_2x__3_.png",1800,1192,{"sys":1732,"__typename":1724,"title":1733,"caption":1733,"layoutMode":59,"file":1734},{"id":1058},"Shadow AI visibility gaps using traditional tools",{"url":1735,"width":1736,"height":1737},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7HQl2qfsTiCwa2pRzCVqDE/d87180dd96358326097565d8a60e8591/image9.png",1999,1125,{"sys":1739,"__typename":1740,"content":1741,"name":1775,"title":59},{"id":1076},"InsightTextBlockComponent",{"json":1742},{"data":1743,"content":1744,"nodeType":856},{},[1745],{"data":1746,"content":1747,"nodeType":860},{},[1748,1752,1759,1763,1771],{"data":1749,"marks":1750,"value":1751,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are already exploiting this interconnectivity — from ",{"data":1753,"content":1754,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1543},[1755],{"data":1756,"marks":1757,"value":1758,"nodeType":864},{},[],"malvertising campaigns that impersonate AI tools",{"data":1760,"marks":1761,"value":1762,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to steal credentials, to ",{"data":1764,"content":1766,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1765},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach",[1767],{"data":1768,"marks":1769,"value":1770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"leveraging OAuth consent grants in supply chain attacks",{"data":1772,"marks":1773,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],". ","Shadow AI guide IB3",{"sys":1777,"__typename":1724,"title":1778,"caption":1778,"layoutMode":59,"file":1779},{"id":1187},"Push automatically discovers and inventories AI apps from browser login events.",{"url":1780,"width":1781,"height":1782},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5krEecjMxIJgVCa74A79xa/3bb94ca3b496e9486f94526d708e34d5/image8.png",1469,850,{"sys":1784,"__typename":1724,"title":1785,"caption":1785,"layoutMode":59,"file":1786},{"id":1232},"Push discovers AI browser extensions used by your users, across every browser.",{"url":1787,"width":1788,"height":1789},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/14lMFifCBB9RwQpt101tNd/dabe2713e58e787175701ec0d35076ca/image2.png",1470,851,{"sys":1791,"__typename":1724,"title":1792,"caption":1792,"layoutMode":59,"file":1793},{"id":1291},"Push's four-step path to secure AI adoption",{"url":1794,"width":1736,"height":1795},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/E1wuJW4EzmjeLTpnHHM9f/895569f4b215b1b7b82e697c40462cbc/image3.png",1013,{"sys":1797,"__typename":1724,"title":1798,"caption":1798,"layoutMode":59,"file":1799},{"id":1378},"Push in-browser warning screen guiding the user toward the preferred AI app",{"url":1800,"width":1801,"height":1802},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3ouLBkKhiEcBmY8V2XAaUz/71a3cb221adba7d2744ff8b02bab3891/image4.png",1435,738,{"sys":1804,"__typename":1740,"content":1805,"name":1829,"title":59},{"id":1391},{"json":1806},{"data":1807,"content":1808,"nodeType":856},{},[1809],{"data":1810,"content":1811,"nodeType":860},{},[1812,1816,1825],{"data":1813,"marks":1814,"value":1815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“A published policy is not the same thing as people actually doing that,” explains Push customer Stephen Shkardoon, cybersecurity manager at Te Herenga Waka — Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, on one of the drivers for their ",{"data":1817,"content":1819,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1818},"https://pushsecurity.com/customer-stories/te-herenga-waka-victoria-university-of-wellington",[1820],{"data":1821,"marks":1822,"value":1824,"nodeType":864},{},[1823],{"type":1455},"selection of Push Security",{"data":1826,"marks":1827,"value":1828,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to get control of AI usage at their organization.","Shadow AI guide IB1",{"sys":1831,"__typename":1724,"title":1832,"caption":1833,"layoutMode":59,"file":1834},{"id":1416},"Rules for AI app controls can be configured on a variety of conditions, including user groups, app attributes, and what mode of enforcement you wish to use.","Rules for AI app controls can be configured on a variety of conditions, including user groups, app attributes, and the mode of enforcement.",{"url":1835,"width":1836,"height":1837},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7czh28QGwm0ZStUmeWXBaq/667ee2441911fa4006a2ec75ebf727ea/image6.png",692,830,{"sys":1839,"__typename":1740,"content":1840,"name":1851,"title":59},{"id":1422},{"json":1841},{"data":1842,"content":1843,"nodeType":856},{},[1844],{"data":1845,"content":1846,"nodeType":860},{},[1847],{"data":1848,"marks":1849,"value":1850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push customers love the flexibility of this control compared to an SWG or CASB, which often rely on binary enforcement at the domain level only. ","Shadow AI guide IB2",{"sys":1853,"__typename":1724,"title":1854,"caption":1854,"layoutMode":59,"file":1855},{"id":1515},"Push blocks clipboard copy events that violate your policy.",{"url":1856,"width":1736,"height":1857},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/jjUt4bChHcCWQJXqNzyQ8/c16974d72ef2bbc65689bf46bcb59e6f/image5.png",1295,{"sys":1859,"__typename":1724,"title":1860,"caption":1860,"layoutMode":59,"file":1861},{"id":1590},"Push can block unapproved MCP connection requests in real time.",{"url":1862,"width":1736,"height":1863},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/wTAwk90bIA1B3XSkRf4M4/e4d3630af83501e6b4b05217fdf2e600/image1.png",1203,{"items":1865},[1866,1879,1892,1912,1932,1952,1972,1992,2012,2032],{"answer":1867,"question":1878},{"json":1868},{"nodeType":856,"data":1869,"content":1870},{},[1871],{"nodeType":860,"data":1872,"content":1873},{},[1874],{"nodeType":864,"value":1875,"marks":1876,"data":1877},"Network monitoring tools see domain-level traffic but can't tell you what's actually happening inside an AI session — whether an employee is browsing a tool's marketing page or pasting source code into a prompt. IdP logs capture OAuth grants routed through the identity provider but miss AI tools accessed via direct signup or personal accounts. Browser-based security tools like Push Security monitor AI activity where it actually happens: inside the browser session. Push captures login events, clipboard pastes, file uploads, extension installations, and OAuth grants, providing structured telemetry on what data is moving into which AI tools, through which accounts, and whether those accounts are corporate or personal.",[],{},"How do you monitor what employees are doing with AI tools?",{"answer":1880,"question":1891},{"json":1881},{"nodeType":856,"data":1882,"content":1883},{},[1884],{"nodeType":860,"data":1885,"content":1886},{},[1887],{"nodeType":864,"value":1888,"marks":1889,"data":1890},"Binary allow/block decisions — whether enforced through a SWG, CASB, or enterprise browser — treat every AI interaction as equivalent, which pushes employees toward tools you can't see at all. Graduated enforcement offers a middle path. Push Security lets teams start with monitoring to build an accurate picture of AI usage, then introduce in-browser prompts that explain why a tool hasn't been approved and direct employees toward sanctioned alternatives, before applying hard blocks only where the data sensitivity or tool risk justifies it. Controls are configurable per user group, and new AI tools automatically inherit governance rules through automatic categorization — so enforcement keeps pace with the landscape without manual blocklist updates.",[],{},"How do you restrict AI usage without blocking everything?",{"answer":1893,"question":1911},{"json":1894},{"nodeType":856,"data":1895,"content":1896},{},[1897,1904],{"nodeType":860,"data":1898,"content":1899},{},[1900],{"nodeType":864,"value":1901,"marks":1902,"data":1903},"Network monitoring tools, IdP logs, and endpoint agents each catch a slice of shadow AI but miss entire categories. SWGs see domain traffic but can't confirm whether someone authenticated or what they did after login. IdPs capture OAuth grants routed through the identity provider but miss AI tools accessed via direct signup or personal accounts. EDR is blind to browser-layer activity entirely. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1905,"content":1906},{},[1907],{"nodeType":864,"value":1908,"marks":1909,"data":1910},"Browser-based security tools like Push Security identify AI tools from actual login events, catching the four categories other tools miss: unapproved AI apps, personal accounts on approved tools, AI browser extensions with broad permissions, and OAuth integrations granting persistent API access to corporate systems. Each discovered app is automatically categorized and enriched with authentication context — SSO vs. password, MFA status, corporate vs. personal account — so security teams can assess actual risk rather than treating every AI tool as equivalent.",[],{},"How do you discover what AI tools employees are using?",{"answer":1913,"question":1931},{"json":1914},{"nodeType":856,"data":1915,"content":1916},{},[1917,1924],{"nodeType":860,"data":1918,"content":1919},{},[1920],{"nodeType":864,"value":1921,"marks":1922,"data":1923},"This is a gap that traditional DLP architectures weren't designed for. Network DLP and SWGs can't intercept clipboard pastes into AI prompts because there's no network event to inspect — the data moves from the clipboard to the browser DOM without crossing the wire. Endpoint DLP sees file-system operations but not in-browser activity. Browser-based controls operate where the paste actually happens. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1925,"content":1926},{},[1927],{"nodeType":864,"value":1928,"marks":1929,"data":1930},"Push Security matches clipboard content against patterns for credentials, API keys, credit card numbers, and custom content rules, then offers the employee a redacted version so they can continue working without exposing the actual sensitive data. The same approach extends to file uploads and downloads, covering the exfiltration paths that network and endpoint DLP leave open.",[],{},"How do you prevent sensitive data from being pasted into AI tools?",{"answer":1933,"question":1951},{"json":1934},{"nodeType":856,"data":1935,"content":1936},{},[1937,1944],{"nodeType":860,"data":1938,"content":1939},{},[1940],{"nodeType":864,"value":1941,"marks":1942,"data":1943},"Policy documents distributed during onboarding don't change behavior at the moment someone reaches for an unapproved AI tool. SWGs can block a domain, but they can't explain why or point to an approved alternative — the employee sees an error page. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1945,"content":1946},{},[1947],{"nodeType":864,"value":1948,"marks":1949,"data":1950},"Enterprise browsers like Push Security can deliver policy enforcement at the point of decision: when an employee navigates to an unsanctioned AI tool, an in-browser message explains why the tool hasn't been approved and directs them to approved alternatives. Controls are configurable per user group — and new AI tools automatically inherit governance rules through automatic categorization, without manual blocklist updates.",[],{},"How do you enforce an AI acceptable use policy in real time?",{"answer":1953,"question":1971},{"json":1954},{"nodeType":856,"data":1955,"content":1956},{},[1957,1964],{"nodeType":860,"data":1958,"content":1959},{},[1960],{"nodeType":864,"value":1961,"marks":1962,"data":1963},"No single traditional tool covers all aspects of shadow AI (apps, tenants, integrations, extensions) and the user interaction with those categories of tool. SWGs and CASBs see domain-level traffic but can't identify personal account usage, extension activity, or clipboard pastes into AI prompts. IdPs capture federated logins but miss direct signups and personal accounts entirely. EDR doesn't see browser-layer activity. DSPM monitors data at rest in cloud storage but not data in motion through browser sessions. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1965,"content":1966},{},[1967],{"nodeType":864,"value":1968,"marks":1969,"data":1970},"Most organizations will need browser-layer visibility alongside their existing stack — not as a replacement, but to close the gaps those tools weren't designed to address. Tools like Push Security operate at the layer where AI activity actually happens, covering all shadow AI categories with graduated enforcement (monitor, warn, block), per-user-group policies, and telemetry on authentication methods, clipboard events, file uploads, and OAuth grants. ",[],{},"What tools do you need to manage shadow AI?",{"answer":1973,"question":1991},{"json":1974},{"nodeType":856,"data":1975,"content":1976},{},[1977,1984],{"nodeType":860,"data":1978,"content":1979},{},[1980],{"nodeType":864,"value":1981,"marks":1982,"data":1983},"AI browser extensions are a blind spot for most security stacks. Endpoint management tools may detect that an extension is installed but typically can't evaluate what permissions it has requested or whether those permissions create data exfiltration risk. SWGs and CASBs don't see extension activity at all — extensions operate within the browser, not over the network. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":1985,"content":1986},{},[1987],{"nodeType":864,"value":1988,"marks":1989,"data":1990},"Push Security inventories every AI-related extension installed across the workforce, surfaces the specific permissions each extension has requested (access to page content, browsing history, clipboard data), and identifies permission combinations that could enable account takeover or data exfiltration. Security teams can then apply monitor, warn, or block enforcement to extension categories — and new extensions automatically inherit governance rules without maintaining manual allowlists that go stale as new AI extensions appear daily.",[],{},"How do I stop employees installing AI browser extensions?",{"answer":1993,"question":2011},{"json":1994},{"nodeType":856,"data":1995,"content":1996},{},[1997,2004],{"nodeType":860,"data":1998,"content":1999},{},[2000],{"nodeType":864,"value":2001,"marks":2002,"data":2003},"Point-in-time audits — whether run through an IdP, a CASB, or manual surveys — tell you what was true when you ran them. AI tool adoption changes weekly; Gartner projects 150,000 AI agents per Fortune 500 enterprise by 2028. SWGs can log new domains but can't classify them or apply governance rules automatically. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":2005,"content":2006},{},[2007],{"nodeType":864,"value":2008,"marks":2009,"data":2010},"Push Security discovers new AI tools as employees start using them: when someone logs in to a new AI app, Push identifies it from the login event, automatically categorizes it, and applies the organization's existing governance rules without manual intervention. All AI-related telemetry — app access, file uploads, clipboard events, extension activity — streams as structured data to the customer's SIEM, providing the material for governance dashboards and compliance reporting that stays current as the landscape shifts.",[],{},"How do you get visibility into AI tool sprawl?",{"answer":2013,"question":2031},{"json":2014},{"nodeType":856,"data":2015,"content":2016},{},[2017,2024],{"nodeType":860,"data":2018,"content":2019},{},[2020],{"nodeType":864,"value":2021,"marks":2022,"data":2023},"AI visibility means knowing which AI tools employees are using, how they're accessing them, and what data flows into those tools. AI control is the ability to enforce rules on that usage — blocking unapproved tools, restricting data flows, requiring approved accounts. AI governance is the broader program that encompasses both: defining acceptable use policies, establishing risk frameworks for evaluating new tools, and building the organizational processes that turn visibility and control into sustained security outcomes. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":2025,"content":2026},{},[2027],{"nodeType":864,"value":2028,"marks":2029,"data":2030},"Most organizations that struggle with AI governance have a visibility problem first — they're trying to write policies for tools they don't know their employees are using. But visibility without control is just watching the problem happen. Push Security provides both: discovery and monitoring across all four categories of shadow AI, plus graduated enforcement controls that let you apply different responses based on the risk profile of each tool, account, and data flow, at the point of interaction in the browser for real-time enforcement.",[],{},"What is the difference between AI governance, AI visibility, and AI control?",{"answer":2033,"question":2051},{"json":2034},{"nodeType":856,"data":2035,"content":2036},{},[2037,2044],{"nodeType":860,"data":2038,"content":2039},{},[2040],{"nodeType":864,"value":2041,"marks":2042,"data":2043},"Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) tools monitor data at rest in cloud storage and SaaS applications, identifying misconfigurations, overly permissive access, and sensitive data exposure. They don't monitor data in motion through browser sessions — which is the primary path for shadow AI risk. ",[],{},{"nodeType":860,"data":2045,"content":2046},{},[2047],{"nodeType":864,"value":2048,"marks":2049,"data":2050},"When an employee pastes source code into an AI prompt or uploads a customer spreadsheet to an unapproved AI tool, that data movement happens entirely inside the browser and never touches the cloud storage layer that DSPM tools monitor. DSPM and browser security are complementary: DSPM secures data where it is stored, while browser-layer tools like Push Security secure data where it moves.",[],{},"Does Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) prevent shadow AI?","Shadow AI discovery and governance: Frequently asked questions",{},"How to discover AI, enforce policies, and prevent data loss","2026-08-13T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":2057},[2058,2741,3626],{"__typename":2059,"sys":2060,"content":2062,"title":2720,"synopsis":2721,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":2722,"slug":2723,"tagsCollection":2724,"authorsCollection":2733},"BlogPosts",{"id":2061},"4NY2NbkAPucFOJY45yrrrE",{"json":2063},{"data":2064,"content":2065,"nodeType":856},{},[2066,2073,2080,2087,2093,2096,2104,2111,2144,2151,2176,2182,2185,2193,2200,2208,2252,2258,2265,2270,2273,2281,2288,2296,2303,2310,2326,2334,2359,2366,2372,2379,2387,2402,2430,2436,2454,2460,2468,2475,2500,2507,2514,2521,2527,2530,2538,2545,2552,2571,2579,2586,2594,2617,2629,2635,2638,2646,2653,2660,2667,2686,2689,2695,2701],{"data":2067,"content":2068,"nodeType":860},{},[2069],{"data":2070,"marks":2071,"value":2072,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employees have been self-adopting apps, creating unmanaged accounts, and introducing third-party software dependencies into their organizations for years, and the core problem hasn't changed: unmanaged software expanding your attack surface without your knowledge.",{"data":2074,"content":2075,"nodeType":860},{},[2076],{"data":2077,"marks":2078,"value":2079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the rate at which employees are signing up for AI tools is unprecedented, and the depth of interconnectivity those tools demand is fundamentally different from traditional shadow SaaS. ",{"data":2081,"content":2082,"nodeType":860},{},[2083],{"data":2084,"marks":2085,"value":2086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI tools aren't just standalone apps that employees sign into — they're increasingly used as agents that drive other applications, pulling data from one platform, acting on another — they are becoming a core that other apps are integrating to, and that users are integrating with their wider SaaS stack. It’s becoming a focal integration point for app access and functionality in a way that's more comparable to an enterprise cloud platform than a typical SaaS tool. ",{"data":2088,"content":2092,"nodeType":996},{"target":2089},{"sys":2090},{"id":2091,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2Vxb48M5JN9Jdy8BG6nbUJ",[],{"data":2094,"content":2095,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2097,"content":2098,"nodeType":1009},{},[2099],{"data":2100,"marks":2101,"value":2103,"nodeType":864},{},[2102],{"type":899},"What is shadow AI? A quick 101",{"data":2105,"content":2106,"nodeType":860},{},[2107],{"data":2108,"marks":2109,"value":2110,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow AI is any use of AI tools, services, or integrations that happens outside an organization's security governance and visibility. Shadow AI risks cut in two directions:",{"data":2112,"content":2113,"nodeType":941},{},[2114,2129],{"data":2115,"content":2116,"nodeType":945},{},[2117],{"data":2118,"content":2119,"nodeType":860},{},[2120,2125],{"data":2121,"marks":2122,"value":2124,"nodeType":864},{},[2123],{"type":899},"Data exposure:",{"data":2126,"marks":2127,"value":2128,"nodeType":864},{},[]," source code, credentials, internal documents, and customer data routinely get pasted into AI prompts or uploaded as context, and once shared, that data is outside the organization's control. ",{"data":2130,"content":2131,"nodeType":945},{},[2132],{"data":2133,"content":2134,"nodeType":860},{},[2135,2140],{"data":2136,"marks":2137,"value":2139,"nodeType":864},{},[2138],{"type":899},"Attack surface:",{"data":2141,"marks":2142,"value":2143,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Every shadow AI app is an unmanaged identity with credentials that can be phished or stuffed, OAuth grants that give persistent API access to corporate systems, and browser extensions that can be compromised in supply chain attacks. ",{"data":2145,"content":2146,"nodeType":860},{},[2147],{"data":2148,"marks":2149,"value":2150,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI tools increasingly function as hubs, connected via OAuth and MCP to email, cloud storage, code repositories, and other high-value systems. Every app connection an employee grants turns that AI tool into a node in a web of interconnected services, which means the more you hook in, the larger the attack surface across all the connected apps — and the greater the blast radius if the account used to access the AI tool is compromised.",{"data":2152,"content":2153,"nodeType":860},{},[2154,2158,2164,2167,2173],{"data":2155,"marks":2156,"value":2157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Each integration creates a persistent trust relationship that survives password resets and MFA changes. Compromise a single AI app and an attacker inherits whatever access the employee granted it, turning one ungoverned tool into a pivot point across the SaaS estate. Attackers are already exploiting this interconnectivity — from ",{"data":2159,"content":2160,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1543},[2161],{"data":2162,"marks":2163,"value":1758,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2165,"marks":2166,"value":1762,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2168,"content":2169,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1765},[2170],{"data":2171,"marks":2172,"value":1770,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2174,"marks":2175,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2177,"content":2181,"nodeType":996},{"target":2178},{"sys":2179},{"id":2180,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1BWCa7AHCMlYw7XgPLx3h7",[],{"data":2183,"content":2184,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2186,"content":2187,"nodeType":1009},{},[2188],{"data":2189,"marks":2190,"value":2192,"nodeType":864},{},[2191],{"type":899},"The state of shadow AI, using Push data",{"data":2194,"content":2195,"nodeType":860},{},[2196],{"data":2197,"marks":2198,"value":2199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We analyzed a snapshot of AI activity across Push customers during an average week in April 2026. We wanted to make sure it captured actual activity, not just historical data on apps that were added once and no longer used.",{"data":2201,"content":2202,"nodeType":860},{},[2203],{"data":2204,"marks":2205,"value":2207,"nodeType":864},{},[2206],{"type":899},"The numbers paint a picture that most security teams will find uncomfortable.",{"data":2209,"content":2210,"nodeType":860},{},[2211,2215,2220,2224,2229,2233,2238,2242,2248],{"data":2212,"marks":2213,"value":2214,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The average organization has ",{"data":2216,"marks":2217,"value":2219,"nodeType":864},{},[2218],{"type":899},"16 unique AI apps",{"data":2221,"marks":2222,"value":2223,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in active use, ",{"data":2225,"marks":2226,"value":2228,"nodeType":864},{},[2227],{"type":899},"17 unique AI browser extensions",{"data":2230,"marks":2231,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and ",{"data":2234,"marks":2235,"value":2237,"nodeType":864},{},[2236],{"type":899},"17 unique AI OAuth integrations",{"data":2239,"marks":2240,"value":2241,"nodeType":864},{},[]," connected into just Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 — with some organizations reaching as high as 40 unique AI apps, 163 AI extensions, and 55 OAuth connections to AI apps respectively. At the other end, the smallest organization with the ",{"data":2243,"marks":2244,"value":2247,"nodeType":864},{},[2245],{"type":2246},"italic","lowest",{"data":2249,"marks":2250,"value":2251,"nodeType":864},{},[]," adoption level is actively using two. ",{"data":2253,"content":2257,"nodeType":996},{"target":2254},{"sys":2255},{"id":2256,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2AfeiHub5kyZN8wuf6CJch",[],{"data":2259,"content":2260,"nodeType":860},{},[2261],{"data":2262,"marks":2263,"value":2264,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If most organizations have sanctioned one or two core AI assistants/platforms for business use, the gap between what's approved and what's actually happening is significant.",{"data":2266,"content":2269,"nodeType":996},{"target":2267},{"sys":2268},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":2271,"content":2272,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2274,"content":2275,"nodeType":1009},{},[2276],{"data":2277,"marks":2278,"value":2280,"nodeType":864},{},[2279],{"type":899},"Understanding the four categories of shadow AI",{"data":2282,"content":2283,"nodeType":860},{},[2284],{"data":2285,"marks":2286,"value":2287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow SaaS has always been a problem, but in the context of AI apps there are four categories of shadow IT that security teams need to understand, because each one introduces a different kind of risk and requires a different approach to tackling it.",{"data":2289,"content":2290,"nodeType":1312},{},[2291],{"data":2292,"marks":2293,"value":2295,"nodeType":864},{},[2294],{"type":899},"Shadow AI apps",{"data":2297,"content":2298,"nodeType":860},{},[2299],{"data":2300,"marks":2301,"value":2302,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow apps are AI tools that employees have signed up to and are using for business purposes without approval. This is the most visible dimension of the problem, and the one most people think of when they hear \"shadow AI\" — an employee pastes sensitive internal documents into ChatGPT, uploads confidential files to an AI assistant, or uses an unapproved coding tool to generate production code.",{"data":2304,"content":2305,"nodeType":860},{},[2306],{"data":2307,"marks":2308,"value":2309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All of that is sensitive data leaving the organization through channels the security team can't see - and often accessible using personal accounts that can be compromised on personal devices or workstations. ",{"data":2311,"content":2312,"nodeType":860},{},[2313,2317,2322],{"data":2314,"marks":2315,"value":2316,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The 2026 DBIR's data loss prevention analysis underscores the scale — shadow AI is now the ",{"data":2318,"marks":2319,"value":2321,"nodeType":864},{},[2320],{"type":899},"third most common non-malicious insider action",{"data":2323,"marks":2324,"value":2325,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in DLP data, a 4x increase year-over-year. Across 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI tools, the most common data types being submitted were source code (28%), images (16%), structured data (14%), documents (13%), and PDFs (10%). That's not employees asking ChatGPT to fix their grammar — it's core intellectual property, production code, and internal documentation flowing into platforms the security team has no visibility into. But shadow apps themselves are only the most obvious part of the problem.",{"data":2327,"content":2328,"nodeType":1312},{},[2329],{"data":2330,"marks":2331,"value":2333,"nodeType":864},{},[2332],{"type":899},"Shadow tenants",{"data":2335,"content":2336,"nodeType":860},{},[2337,2341,2346,2350,2355],{"data":2338,"marks":2339,"value":2340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even when an organization has approved an AI tool — say, an enterprise ChatGPT deployment — employees frequently access the same app with personal accounts, creating shadow tenants that sit entirely outside organizational control. The DBIR found that ",{"data":2342,"marks":2343,"value":2345,"nodeType":864},{},[2344],{"type":899},"67% of GenAI users on corporate devices are using non-corporate accounts",{"data":2347,"marks":2348,"value":2349,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and our own data shows that ",{"data":2351,"marks":2352,"value":2354,"nodeType":864},{},[2353],{"type":899},"38% of file uploads to AI tools are made from shadow accounts",{"data":2356,"marks":2357,"value":2358,"nodeType":864},{},[]," rather than approved organizational ones.",{"data":2360,"content":2361,"nodeType":860},{},[2362],{"data":2363,"marks":2364,"value":2365,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When an organization approves Claude, ChatGPT, or another core AI platform, you typically also approve the OAuth integration and browser extension for core apps (e.g. M365, Google Workspace, and so on). When that integration is approved, it is approved for all tenants — not just your corporate tenant. ",{"data":2367,"content":2371,"nodeType":996},{"target":2368},{"sys":2369},{"id":2370,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3Rvw0n28AYIM3FQXtHyafD",[],{"data":2373,"content":2374,"nodeType":860},{},[2375],{"data":2376,"marks":2377,"value":2378,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means that even if you've deployed enterprise controls around your sanctioned AI tools — DLP policies, retention settings, admin oversight — more than a third of the file uploads hitting AI tools are bypassing those controls entirely because they're happening through personal accounts on corporate devices.",{"data":2380,"content":2381,"nodeType":1312},{},[2382],{"data":2383,"marks":2384,"value":2386,"nodeType":864},{},[2385],{"type":899},"Shadow extensions",{"data":2388,"content":2389,"nodeType":860},{},[2390,2394,2398],{"data":2391,"marks":2392,"value":2393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many AI tools come with a browser extension counterpart, and there's a large ecosystem of third-party AI extensions that offer everything from writing assistance to automated data extraction. The average organization in our dataset has ",{"data":2395,"marks":2396,"value":2228,"nodeType":864},{},[2397],{"type":899},{"data":2399,"marks":2400,"value":2401,"nodeType":864},{},[]," deployed across its workforce, with the highest we observed reaching 163 — and since each of those average 17 different extensions may be installed by multiple employees, the actual number of individual extension installs across the organization is much higher still.",{"data":2403,"content":2404,"nodeType":860},{},[2405,2409,2417,2421,2426],{"data":2406,"marks":2407,"value":2408,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The extension dimension is particularly concerning because most extensions operate with significant privilege inside the browser — they can read and modify page content, access cookies and session tokens, and interact with virtually every web application an employee uses. As we detailed in our recent analysis of ",{"data":2410,"content":2412,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-browser-extension-risk-scoring-wont-predict-your-next-breach/",[2413],{"data":2414,"marks":2415,"value":2416,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser extension risk scoring",{"data":2418,"marks":2419,"value":2420,"nodeType":864},{},[],", at least ",{"data":2422,"marks":2423,"value":2425,"nodeType":864},{},[2424],{"type":899},"46.76% of all extensions across Push customers have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":2427,"marks":2428,"value":2429,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the extensions involved in every major supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as normal or low-risk beforehand.",{"data":2431,"content":2435,"nodeType":996},{"target":2432},{"sys":2433},{"id":2434,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3z4JOMALI52xoOXZkzPHLD",[],{"data":2437,"content":2438,"nodeType":860},{},[2439,2443,2450],{"data":2440,"marks":2441,"value":2442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI extensions add a specific wrinkle to this problem: many are branded to look like official companions to well-known AI tools but are actually third-party creations with no affiliation to the original vendor. They're not necessarily malicious at the point of installation, but they're exactly the kind of extension that's likely to be ",{"data":2444,"content":2445,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[2446],{"data":2447,"marks":2448,"value":2449,"nodeType":864},{},[],"acquired and weaponized",{"data":2451,"marks":2452,"value":2453,"nodeType":864},{},[]," down the line — and in the meantime, they're collecting data that their permissions entitle them to (which, in most cases, means everything the user can see in their browser).",{"data":2455,"content":2459,"nodeType":996},{"target":2456},{"sys":2457},{"id":2458,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6K3z67rohss6H3lCsSn12B",[],{"data":2461,"content":2462,"nodeType":1312},{},[2463],{"data":2464,"marks":2465,"value":2467,"nodeType":864},{},[2466],{"type":899},"Shadow integrations",{"data":2469,"content":2470,"nodeType":860},{},[2471],{"data":2472,"marks":2473,"value":2474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The fourth dimension — and arguably the most dangerous — is shadow integrations: OAuth connections between AI tools and core enterprise apps that aren't known or approved by the security team. Even if an organization has approved an AI tool for standalone use, plugging that tool directly into Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, Salesforce, or any other one of the dozen or so SaaS apps in a typical user’s work stack is a fundamentally different risk decision, because it creates a persistent, programmatic bridge between your environment and a third party.",{"data":2476,"content":2477,"nodeType":860},{},[2478,2482,2487,2491,2496],{"data":2479,"marks":2480,"value":2481,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On average, we see ",{"data":2483,"marks":2484,"value":2486,"nodeType":864},{},[2485],{"type":899},"17 unique AI app OAuth integrations per organization",{"data":2488,"marks":2489,"value":2490,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in ",{"data":2492,"marks":2493,"value":2495,"nodeType":864},{},[2494],{"type":2246},"just",{"data":2497,"marks":2498,"value":2499,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Google Workspace and Microsoft 365 (to be clear: this number excludes the dozens of downstream apps the AI assistants are integrated with as well), with the highest reaching 55. Each of those represents a unique AI product that has been granted OAuth access — the total number of individual consent grants across users is larger, because popular integrations get authorized by multiple employees independently.",{"data":2501,"content":2502,"nodeType":860},{},[2503],{"data":2504,"marks":2505,"value":2506,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The actual number of AI-related OAuth connections across the full SaaS estate is considerably higher again, because AI tools that automate workflows need to be connected to be useful — pulling data from one app, analyzing it in another, presenting results in a third.",{"data":2508,"content":2509,"nodeType":860},{},[2510],{"data":2511,"marks":2512,"value":2513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MCP connections use OAuth to achieve this interconnectivity in the same way, and AI coding agents create a particularly concentrated version of the risk: a single agent configuration can hold OAuth tokens for Jira, Confluence, Salesforce, GitHub, and more, meaning that compromising one agent — whether through prompt injection, a malicious repository config, or a supply chain attack on an MCP server — yields persistent, broadly scoped tokens for every service it was connected to, tokens that survive session restarts and generate audit log entries indistinguishable from legitimate user activity.",{"data":2515,"content":2516,"nodeType":860},{},[2517],{"data":2518,"marks":2519,"value":2520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's also worth noting that OAuth blast radius is almost always larger than organizations expect. A single well-permissioned user can expose secrets, dashboards, and internal tooling without tenant-wide admin access. And every new AI tool an employee connects makes the web of abusable permissions a little wider.",{"data":2522,"content":2526,"nodeType":996},{"target":2523},{"sys":2524},{"id":2525,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4SnzJ9T93gHzFIUASx7Yb3",[],{"data":2528,"content":2529,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2531,"content":2532,"nodeType":1009},{},[2533],{"data":2534,"marks":2535,"value":2537,"nodeType":864},{},[2536],{"type":899},"Why shadow AI needs a different solution to shadow SaaS",{"data":2539,"content":2540,"nodeType":860},{},[2541],{"data":2542,"marks":2543,"value":2544,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reason it's worth distinguishing between these four dimensions isn't academic. Each one requires a different control, and addressing one doesn't solve the others.",{"data":2546,"content":2547,"nodeType":860},{},[2548],{"data":2549,"marks":2550,"value":2551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking unsanctioned AI apps does nothing for the personal accounts accessing approved ones, and neither addresses the average 17 different AI extensions running with broad browser permissions, let alone the dozens of OAuth integrations that have already been granted persistent access to core enterprise apps — and even auditing OAuth in Google Workspace and Microsoft 365, where the controls are relatively mature, leaves the broader SaaS estate unaddressed, where admin tooling is inconsistent and visibility is limited.",{"data":2553,"content":2554,"nodeType":860},{},[2555,2559,2567],{"data":2556,"marks":2557,"value":2558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The tooling gap compounds the policy gap. ",{"data":2560,"content":2562,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/7-things-omdias-latest-report-tells-us-about-the-secure-enterprise-browser-market/",[2563],{"data":2564,"marks":2565,"value":2566,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Omdia found",{"data":2568,"marks":2569,"value":2570,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that 58% of organizations rely on secure web gateways to secure GenAI usage — but an SWG can tell you that a user visited ChatGPT, not whether they pasted your source code into the prompt. That link between knowing where data went and knowing what the user actually did is the fundamental visibility gap that makes GenAI policies unenforceable without browser-layer tooling.",{"data":2572,"content":2573,"nodeType":1312},{},[2574],{"data":2575,"marks":2576,"value":2578,"nodeType":864},{},[2577],{"type":899},"Advice for security teams",{"data":2580,"content":2581,"nodeType":860},{},[2582],{"data":2583,"marks":2584,"value":2585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The principles behind managing shadow AI are the same ones that have governed shadow SaaS and software supply chain management for years: default-deny where feasible, comprehensive inventory where it isn't, and continuous monitoring for changes that signal increased risk. But it's vital that teams act fast to stop the snowball.",{"data":2587,"content":2588,"nodeType":860},{},[2589],{"data":2590,"marks":2591,"value":2593,"nodeType":864},{},[2592],{"type":899},"That starts with visibility into which AI tools employees are actually using and which accounts they're using to access them — without that baseline, every other control is built on assumptions.",{"data":2595,"content":2596,"nodeType":860},{},[2597,2602,2606,2613],{"data":2598,"marks":2599,"value":2601,"nodeType":864},{},[2600],{"type":899},"Extensions",{"data":2603,"marks":2604,"value":2605,"nodeType":864},{},[]," need the same ",{"data":2607,"content":2608,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[2609],{"data":2610,"marks":2611,"value":2612,"nodeType":864},{},[],"default-deny allowlisting approach",{"data":2614,"marks":2615,"value":2616,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that has been best practice for software management elsewhere: build a complete inventory, allowlist what's vetted, block everything else, and monitor the approved set for changes that precede weaponization.",{"data":2618,"content":2619,"nodeType":860},{},[2620,2625],{"data":2621,"marks":2622,"value":2624,"nodeType":864},{},[2623],{"type":899},"OAuth",{"data":2626,"marks":2627,"value":2628,"nodeType":864},{},[]," demands the most urgency, because each unmanaged integration is a persistent trust relationship that survives password resets and MFA changes — adopt default-deny for consent grants in your primary enterprise apps, routinely audit what's already connected, and critically extend that visibility beyond Google and Microsoft to the broader SaaS estate where the controls are weaker and the sprawl is harder to track.",{"data":2630,"content":2634,"nodeType":996},{"target":2631},{"sys":2632},{"id":2633,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3RFLFtJtDXvhTz1mVztfV9",[],{"data":2636,"content":2637,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2639,"content":2640,"nodeType":1009},{},[2641],{"data":2642,"marks":2643,"value":2645,"nodeType":864},{},[2644],{"type":899},"Browser visibility and control is key to de-risking AI adoption",{"data":2647,"content":2648,"nodeType":860},{},[2649],{"data":2650,"marks":2651,"value":2652,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI usage is fundamentally browser-based activity — every LLM interaction, every prompt containing sensitive data, every AI agent authorization, every OAuth consent grant happens inside a browser session — which makes the browser the natural control point for AI governance across the workforce. ",{"data":2654,"content":2655,"nodeType":860},{},[2656],{"data":2657,"marks":2658,"value":2659,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push tracks AI app usage and login security across the workforce, inventories and controls AI browser extensions, monitors and blocks OAuth consent flows across any app (not just the primary enterprise platforms), and gives security teams a single view of the full shadow AI picture across all four dimensions.",{"data":2661,"content":2662,"nodeType":860},{},[2663],{"data":2664,"marks":2665,"value":2666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow AI isn't a problem that will age well if ignored. Every week that passes without visibility adds more apps, more extensions, more integrations, and more potential breach paths into the environment — and as the Vercel breach demonstrated, it only takes one forgotten OAuth grant to turn an employee's idle curiosity into an organization-wide incident.",{"data":2668,"content":2669,"nodeType":860},{},[2670,2674,2682],{"data":2671,"marks":2672,"value":2673,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about how you can tackle ",{"data":2675,"content":2677,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2676},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/shadow-ai",[2678],{"data":2679,"marks":2680,"value":580,"nodeType":864},{},[2681],{"type":1455},{"data":2683,"marks":2684,"value":2685,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with Push. ",{"data":2687,"content":2688,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2690,"content":2691,"nodeType":860},{},[2692],{"data":2693,"marks":2694,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2696,"content":2697,"nodeType":860},{},[2698],{"data":2699,"marks":2700,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2702,"content":2703,"nodeType":860},{},[2704,2708,2716],{"data":2705,"marks":2706,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Book a ",{"data":2709,"content":2710,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[2711],{"data":2712,"marks":2713,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[2714],{"type":1455},"live demo",{"data":2717,"marks":2718,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to learn more.","Shadow AI: what Push data reveals about the scale of the problem","Push telemetry shows the average organization has 16 AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions, and 17 AI OAuth integrations in use. Here's what it means for security.","2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z","what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai",{"items":2725},[2726,2730],{"sys":2727,"name":2729},{"id":2728},"1gZi8NrRy2v9OqPV7C4dwD","Risk management",{"sys":2731,"name":297},{"id":2732},"3pjES4THCIfSAwhGdNwBcy",{"items":2734},[2735],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":2739},"Dan Green","Dan","Threat Research",{"url":2740},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7jik1VhFgA3kgzXBXTm2Vw/fcd8c171da644903d0827eafcfbcaad0/Dan_Headshot_2025.png",{"__typename":2059,"sys":2742,"content":2744,"title":3608,"synopsis":3609,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":3610,"slug":3611,"tagsCollection":3612,"authorsCollection":3618},{"id":2743},"6Xn377JQfbDz49Np74cbGl",{"json":2745},{"data":2746,"content":2747,"nodeType":856},{},[2748,2755,2786,2804,2809,2816,2832,2835,2843,2861,2925,2932,2938,2945,3028,3035,3042,3058,3061,3069,3076,3083,3091,3098,3110,3116,3123,3130,3137,3140,3148,3164,3180,3187,3194,3201,3222,3308,3315,3322,3325,3333,3349,3356,3363,3371,3374,3382,3400,3407,3414,3447,3454,3461,3464,3472,3479,3491,3497,3509,3521,3527,3539,3561,3568,3571,3579,3586,3592],{"data":2749,"content":2750,"nodeType":860},{},[2751],{"data":2752,"marks":2753,"value":2754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most security leaders I talk to know they have an AI problem. They've seen the board questions, read the reports, maybe even drafted a policy. But when they start measuring where they stand — not plans or roadmaps, but actual current state — the gap between awareness and operational capability comes into focus.",{"data":2756,"content":2757,"nodeType":860},{},[2758,2762,2770,2774,2782],{"data":2759,"marks":2760,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The ",{"data":2763,"content":2765,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2764},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review",[2766],{"data":2767,"marks":2768,"value":2769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2026 Verizon DBIR",{"data":2771,"marks":2772,"value":2773,"nodeType":864},{},[]," quantifies the scale: 45% of employees are now regular AI users on corporate devices (up from 15% the prior year), with 67% using personal accounts. ",{"data":2775,"content":2777,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2776},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-push-data-reveals-about-the-state-of-shadow-ai",[2778],{"data":2779,"marks":2780,"value":2781,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push data",{"data":2783,"marks":2784,"value":2785,"nodeType":864},{},[]," further shows that 38% of file uploads to AI tools come from those shadow accounts rather than approved organizational ones — and the DBIR shows what's going into them: of 858,000+ DLP events targeting GenAI applications, the most common data types were source code (28%), structured data (14%), and documents and PDFs (23% combined).",{"data":2787,"content":2788,"nodeType":860},{},[2789,2793,2800],{"data":2790,"marks":2791,"value":2792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The average organization now has ",{"data":2794,"content":2795,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2776},[2796],{"data":2797,"marks":2798,"value":2799,"nodeType":864},{},[],"16 unique AI apps, 17 AI browser extensions, and 17 AI OAuth integrations",{"data":2801,"marks":2802,"value":2803,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in active use, most unapproved. Shadow AI was the third most common non-malicious insider action in the DBIR, up 4x year over year.",{"data":2805,"content":2808,"nodeType":996},{"target":2806},{"sys":2807},{"id":1040,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":2810,"content":2811,"nodeType":860},{},[2812],{"data":2813,"marks":2814,"value":2815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These statistics expose an attack surface and unmanaged risks at a high level. But the real problem is that most organizations can't produce a basic inventory of which AI tools are in use, let alone demonstrate controls around any of them. ",{"data":2817,"content":2818,"nodeType":860},{},[2819,2823,2828],{"data":2820,"marks":2821,"value":2822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That gap between awareness and capability is where most organizations are stuck. And understanding ",{"data":2824,"marks":2825,"value":2827,"nodeType":864},{},[2826],{"type":2246},"why",{"data":2829,"marks":2830,"value":2831,"nodeType":864},{},[]," they're stuck requires a framework for what progress actually looks like.",{"data":2833,"content":2834,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":2836,"content":2837,"nodeType":1009},{},[2838],{"data":2839,"marks":2840,"value":2842,"nodeType":864},{},[2841],{"type":899},"A model for measuring what most organizations already feel",{"data":2844,"content":2845,"nodeType":860},{},[2846,2850,2857],{"data":2847,"marks":2848,"value":2849,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Chris Cochran's ",{"data":2851,"content":2853,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2852},"https://sansorg.egnyte.com/dl/XtgqfjkjBjp8",[2854],{"data":2855,"marks":2856,"value":1108,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":2858,"marks":2859,"value":2860,"nodeType":864},{},[],", published earlier this year, provides a framework for addressing this gap. It defines five stages of AI security maturity across three pillars:",{"data":2862,"content":2863,"nodeType":941},{},[2864,2880,2896],{"data":2865,"content":2866,"nodeType":945},{},[2867],{"data":2868,"content":2869,"nodeType":860},{},[2870,2876],{"data":2871,"marks":2872,"value":2875,"nodeType":864},{},[2873,2874],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Protect AI:",{"data":2877,"marks":2878,"value":2879,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Defending against AI-enabled threats like adversarial attacks, prompt injection, compromised browser extensions, and AI agents operating with unchecked permissions.",{"data":2881,"content":2882,"nodeType":945},{},[2883],{"data":2884,"content":2885,"nodeType":860},{},[2886,2892],{"data":2887,"marks":2888,"value":2891,"nodeType":864},{},[2889,2890],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Utilize AI:",{"data":2893,"marks":2894,"value":2895,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Using AI to strengthen security operations by using AI-powered detection and triage, behavioral analytics, and automated response playbooks.",{"data":2897,"content":2898,"nodeType":945},{},[2899],{"data":2900,"content":2901,"nodeType":860},{},[2902,2908,2912,2921],{"data":2903,"marks":2904,"value":2907,"nodeType":864},{},[2905,2906],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Govern AI:",{"data":2909,"marks":2910,"value":2911,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Managing how the organization adopts and uses AI tools. Things like acceptable use policies, shadow AI discovery, data classification, access controls, and risk assessment. This is the pillar that gets the most attention in boardroom conversations today, driven in part by ",{"data":2913,"content":2915,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2914},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/browser-visibility-and-control-can-achieve-ai-compliance",[2916],{"data":2917,"marks":2918,"value":2920,"nodeType":864},{},[2919],{"type":1455},"regulatory pressure",{"data":2922,"marks":2923,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],".",{"data":2926,"content":2927,"nodeType":860},{},[2928],{"data":2929,"marks":2930,"value":2931,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How an organization invests across these three pillars, and whether it invests across all of them, determines whether it advances toward maturity in this area or stalls out at the early steps.",{"data":2933,"content":2937,"nodeType":996},{"target":2934},{"sys":2935},{"id":2936,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1JV3KG97JQNFKwODnMCMq2",[],{"data":2939,"content":2940,"nodeType":860},{},[2941],{"data":2942,"marks":2943,"value":2944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SANS AI maturity model outlines 5 stages that organizations must progress through in order to reach an optimal security posture:",{"data":2946,"content":2947,"nodeType":941},{},[2948,2964,2980,2996,3012],{"data":2949,"content":2950,"nodeType":945},{},[2951],{"data":2952,"content":2953,"nodeType":860},{},[2954,2960],{"data":2955,"marks":2956,"value":2959,"nodeType":864},{},[2957,2958],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 1 (Unaware / Ad Hoc)",{"data":2961,"marks":2962,"value":2963,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is where employees are freely using AI tools with no oversight, no inventory exists, and leadership may not even know how much AI is in use. There's no policy to violate, so technically it's not even shadow AI yet; it's just unmanaged adoption.",{"data":2965,"content":2966,"nodeType":945},{},[2967],{"data":2968,"content":2969,"nodeType":860},{},[2970,2976],{"data":2971,"marks":2972,"value":2975,"nodeType":864},{},[2973,2974],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 2 (Reactive / Policy-Emerging)",{"data":2977,"marks":2978,"value":2979,"nodeType":864},{},[]," means a policy exists, but it's course-grained: \"Don't use AI\" or \"use with caution.\" Known AI tools may be blocked at the network level. Security teams are learning about AI-specific threats but don't have dedicated expertise or tooling.",{"data":2981,"content":2982,"nodeType":945},{},[2983],{"data":2984,"content":2985,"nodeType":860},{},[2986,2992],{"data":2987,"marks":2988,"value":2991,"nodeType":864},{},[2989,2990],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 3 (Defined / Risk-Informed)",{"data":2993,"marks":2994,"value":2995,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is where things get intentional. AI usage is governed through enterprise tools rather than outright bans. AI systems are included in security assessments. The organization can demonstrate mature governance to regulators and partners. For many organizations, this is a strong and defensible operating position.",{"data":2997,"content":2998,"nodeType":945},{},[2999],{"data":3000,"content":3001,"nodeType":860},{},[3002,3008],{"data":3003,"marks":3004,"value":3007,"nodeType":864},{},[3005,3006],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 4 (Managed / Integrated)",{"data":3009,"marks":3010,"value":3011,"nodeType":864},{},[]," means AI is deeply embedded in security operations with measurable outcomes. AI systems are secured by design. Risk is quantified, not estimated. Decisions are data-driven. This is where organizations can handle AI-specific threats and operate at the tempo that AI-augmented adversaries demand.",{"data":3013,"content":3014,"nodeType":945},{},[3015],{"data":3016,"content":3017,"nodeType":860},{},[3018,3024],{"data":3019,"marks":3020,"value":3023,"nodeType":864},{},[3021,3022],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Stage 5 (Optimizing / Adaptive)",{"data":3025,"marks":3026,"value":3027,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the frontier of AI-native security with self-improving defenses. Elements of this stage exist primarily in large technology companies, defense contractors, and AI-native firms. For most organizations, this is a multi-year journey.",{"data":3029,"content":3030,"nodeType":860},{},[3031],{"data":3032,"marks":3033,"value":3034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most of the security leaders I talk to land between Stage 1 and Stage 2. They have awareness, maybe a policy, but not the tooling or telemetry to demonstrate much beyond that. ",{"data":3036,"content":3037,"nodeType":860},{},[3038],{"data":3039,"marks":3040,"value":3041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The model is pragmatic about these challenges. It doesn't expect every organization to reach Stage 5, and it adjusts maturity targets by sector. ",{"data":3043,"content":3044,"nodeType":860},{},[3045,3049,3054],{"data":3046,"marks":3047,"value":3048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But it ",{"data":3050,"marks":3051,"value":3053,"nodeType":864},{},[3052],{"type":2246},"does",{"data":3055,"marks":3056,"value":3057,"nodeType":864},{},[]," require evidence of progress, not just intent. And for the majority sitting at Stage 2, the hard part is identifying the right steps to move from being merely reactive to a posture of operational readiness. That’s the chasm to cross.",{"data":3059,"content":3060,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3062,"content":3063,"nodeType":1009},{},[3064],{"data":3065,"marks":3066,"value":3068,"nodeType":864},{},[3067],{"type":899},"The chasm",{"data":3070,"content":3071,"nodeType":860},{},[3072],{"data":3073,"marks":3074,"value":3075,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For the organizations sitting at Stage 2, current state often looks like this: They've written an AI acceptable use policy, and maybe they've blocked known AI apps at the network level. They've trained employees on what's allowed and what isn't. ",{"data":3077,"content":3078,"nodeType":860},{},[3079],{"data":3080,"marks":3081,"value":3082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be sure, blocking is the fastest lever a security team can pull, and it represents visible progress to the business. The problem is that it rarely stays effective. ",{"data":3084,"content":3085,"nodeType":860},{},[3086],{"data":3087,"marks":3088,"value":3090,"nodeType":864},{},[3089],{"type":899},"SANS calls the pattern that traps most organizations at Stage 2 the \"Framework of No.\" ",{"data":3092,"content":3093,"nodeType":860},{},[3094],{"data":3095,"marks":3096,"value":3097,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\"A block-based AI policy may feel like risk management, but practitioner experience shows it typically drives AI usage underground rather than preventing it,” the report notes. “This is the pattern SANS has documented as the 'Framework of No,' and it is why the Stage 2 to Stage 3 transition is so critical.\"",{"data":3099,"content":3100,"nodeType":860},{},[3101,3106],{"data":3102,"marks":3103,"value":3105,"nodeType":864},{},[3104],{"type":2246},"This",{"data":3107,"marks":3108,"value":3109,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the chasm. On one side: awareness and policy. On the other: operational capability - the tooling, telemetry, and controls that let a security team see what's happening and respond to it. Most organizations are standing on the awareness side, looking across, not sure how to get over.",{"data":3111,"content":3115,"nodeType":996},{"target":3112},{"sys":3113},{"id":3114,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"187mKPZV8tVbsw17L2cWIU",[],{"data":3117,"content":3118,"nodeType":860},{},[3119],{"data":3120,"marks":3121,"value":3122,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The model is specific about what crossing requires. The steps from Stage 2 to Stage 3 include technical BYOAI discovery (not a survey, but automated discovery), AI-specific data classification, AI-aware controls, and a cross-functional governance body. Data classification is a critical prerequisite: \"You cannot write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives,\" the report emphasizes.",{"data":3124,"content":3125,"nodeType":860},{},[3126],{"data":3127,"marks":3128,"value":3129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are visibility and measurement problems before they're policy problems. You can't govern what you can't see. You can't classify risk you can't measure. And a blocklist that pushes usage underground doesn't give you either: it just makes the gap between your policy and your reality harder to detect.",{"data":3131,"content":3132,"nodeType":860},{},[3133],{"data":3134,"marks":3135,"value":3136,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Getting this visibility right is necessary for crossing the chasm. But it’s not the only step organizations must undertake if they want to address their AI risk.",{"data":3138,"content":3139,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3141,"content":3142,"nodeType":1009},{},[3143],{"data":3144,"marks":3145,"value":3147,"nodeType":864},{},[3146],{"type":899},"Governance is key, but don't forget about protection",{"data":3149,"content":3150,"nodeType":860},{},[3151,3155,3160],{"data":3152,"marks":3153,"value":3154,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most AI security conversations today - the vendor pitches, board decks, and compliance checklists - are about the ",{"data":3156,"marks":3157,"value":3159,"nodeType":864},{},[3158],{"type":899},"Govern",{"data":3161,"marks":3162,"value":3163,"nodeType":864},{},[]," pillar. Shadow AI discovery. Usage policies. Data classification. Controls around what employees paste into AI prompts or upload to AI tools. It's important work.",{"data":3165,"content":3166,"nodeType":860},{},[3167,3171,3176],{"data":3168,"marks":3169,"value":3170,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the SANS model gives roughly equal weight to a second pillar that gets almost no attention: ",{"data":3172,"marks":3173,"value":3175,"nodeType":864},{},[3174],{"type":899},"Protect",{"data":3177,"marks":3178,"value":3179,"nodeType":864},{},[]," - defending against AI-enabled attacks.",{"data":3181,"content":3182,"nodeType":860},{},[3183],{"data":3184,"marks":3185,"value":3186,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Protect pillar starts from a stark baseline. At Stage 1, most organizations have no visibility into which AI agents or browser extensions have access to their corporate environment, let alone a framework for understanding how those could be attacked. ",{"data":3188,"content":3189,"nodeType":860},{},[3190],{"data":3191,"marks":3192,"value":3193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By Stage 3, the model expects runtime validation of AI tools and plugins, detection capabilities mapped to AI-specific attack frameworks, and controls that cover the growing surface area of agentic AI. ",{"data":3195,"content":3196,"nodeType":860},{},[3197],{"data":3198,"marks":3199,"value":3200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By Stage 4, organizations need real-time monitoring of AI agent behavior and defenses against attacks that exploit trust relationships between AI systems — capabilities most security teams haven't started scoping, much less building or procuring.",{"data":3202,"content":3203,"nodeType":860},{},[3204,3208,3218],{"data":3205,"marks":3206,"value":3207,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are detection and response capabilities, not governance exercises — and the attacks they address are already well underway. ",{"data":3209,"content":3211,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-cisos-data-problem-and-how-browser-telemetry-can-help/",[3212],{"data":3213,"marks":3214,"value":3217,"nodeType":864},{},[3215,3216],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"One in three phishing payloads",{"data":3219,"marks":3220,"value":3221,"nodeType":864},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive outside of email, through channels where most security controls don't exist. Evidence of the growth of browser-based attack methods enabled by AI tooling abounds:",{"data":3223,"content":3224,"nodeType":941},{},[3225,3247,3269],{"data":3226,"content":3227,"nodeType":945},{},[3228],{"data":3229,"content":3230,"nodeType":860},{},[3231,3235,3243],{"data":3232,"marks":3233,"value":3234,"nodeType":864},{},[],"CrowdStrike's 2026 Global Threat Report documented a ",{"data":3236,"content":3238,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/explore/2026-global-threat-report",[3239],{"data":3240,"marks":3241,"value":3242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"563% increase in ClickFix lures",{"data":3244,"marks":3245,"value":3246,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — fake CAPTCHA pages that trick users into executing malicious commands on their own machines.",{"data":3248,"content":3249,"nodeType":945},{},[3250],{"data":3251,"content":3252,"nodeType":860},{},[3253,3257,3265],{"data":3254,"marks":3255,"value":3256,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push has tracked a ",{"data":3258,"content":3260,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/device-code-phishing/",[3261],{"data":3262,"marks":3263,"value":3264,"nodeType":864},{},[],"37x increase in device code phishing",{"data":3266,"marks":3267,"value":3268,"nodeType":864},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with 18+ distinct kits now offering the technique.",{"data":3270,"content":3271,"nodeType":945},{},[3272],{"data":3273,"content":3274,"nodeType":860},{},[3275,3278,3287,3291,3296,3300,3305],{"data":3276,"marks":3277,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3279,"content":3281,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3280},"https://www.anthropic.com/news/AI-enabled-cyber-threats-mitre-attack",[3282],{"data":3283,"marks":3284,"value":3286,"nodeType":864},{},[3285],{"type":1455},"Anthropic",{"data":3288,"marks":3289,"value":3290,"nodeType":864},{},[]," identified ",{"data":3292,"marks":3293,"value":3295,"nodeType":864},{},[3294],{"type":899},"793 threat actors using AI",{"data":3297,"marks":3298,"value":3299,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for malicious cybersecurity purposes between March 2025 and February 2026, with the 2026 Verizon DBIR finding that ",{"data":3301,"marks":3302,"value":3304,"nodeType":864},{},[3303],{"type":899},"44% of AI-assisted initial access was phishing-related",{"data":3306,"marks":3307,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3309,"content":3310,"nodeType":860},{},[3311],{"data":3312,"marks":3313,"value":3314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are already vibecoding phishing kits, rotating infrastructure daily, and exploiting identity flows that traditional endpoint and network tools can't see.",{"data":3316,"content":3317,"nodeType":860},{},[3318],{"data":3319,"marks":3320,"value":3321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SANS model makes the speed argument a central focus at Stage 4: Detection built for human-pace adversaries is increasingly insufficient when threats operate at machine speed. For organizations investing exclusively in AI governance, AI-enabled threats represent an entire category of risk that is not being addressed.",{"data":3323,"content":3324,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3326,"content":3327,"nodeType":1312},{},[3328],{"data":3329,"marks":3330,"value":3332,"nodeType":864},{},[3331],{"type":899},"Why governance alone can't close the gap",{"data":3334,"content":3335,"nodeType":860},{},[3336,3340,3345],{"data":3337,"marks":3338,"value":3339,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An organization can have an AI policy, shadow AI discovery, data classification, and usage controls, and ",{"data":3341,"marks":3342,"value":3344,"nodeType":864},{},[3343],{"type":2246},"still",{"data":3346,"marks":3347,"value":3348,"nodeType":864},{},[]," be exposed. When an employee hits a device code phishing page or a ClickFix lure, the governance program documented the risk perfectly. It just couldn't stop the attack. The policy existed but the detection (and ideally, mitigation) didn't.",{"data":3350,"content":3351,"nodeType":860},{},[3352],{"data":3353,"marks":3354,"value":3355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reverse is equally true, and it's why the SANS model treats the pillars as interdependent rather than sequential. Detection capabilities that fire into a void with no policy to act on findings, no classification to assess exposure, and no governance body to shape proactive policy just create alerts, not security. ",{"data":3357,"content":3358,"nodeType":860},{},[3359],{"data":3360,"marks":3361,"value":3362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yet most organizations are only investing heavily in one side of the solution, which is almost always Govern. The maturity model is explicit about the risks of this approach: Governance with no attack detection leaves a critical gap. ",{"data":3364,"content":3365,"nodeType":860},{},[3366],{"data":3367,"marks":3368,"value":3370,"nodeType":864},{},[3369],{"type":899},"Closing the gap requires a control point where both problems are visible and addressable.",{"data":3372,"content":3373,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3375,"content":3376,"nodeType":1009},{},[3377],{"data":3378,"marks":3379,"value":3381,"nodeType":864},{},[3380],{"type":899},"Crossing the chasm requires addressing both pillars at once",{"data":3383,"content":3384,"nodeType":860},{},[3385,3389,3396],{"data":3386,"marks":3387,"value":3388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The bottleneck for most security programs ",{"data":3390,"content":3391,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3210},[3392],{"data":3393,"marks":3394,"value":3395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"isn't frameworks or strategy — it's data quality",{"data":3397,"marks":3398,"value":3399,"nodeType":864},{},[],". For teams taking on the dual problems of shadow AI and AI-enabled attacks, browser telemetry is the foundation to any meaningful solution. That’s because both problems converge in the same place.",{"data":3401,"content":3402,"nodeType":860},{},[3403],{"data":3404,"marks":3405,"value":3406,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI-enabled phishing attacks, credential theft, malicious browser extensions, and OAuth exploitation happen in the browser. So do shadow AI adoption, sensitive data pasted into AI prompts, file uploads to unapproved tools, and unauthorized integrations. The browser is where external attacks and internal misuse are both visible and stoppable.",{"data":3408,"content":3409,"nodeType":860},{},[3410],{"data":3411,"marks":3412,"value":3413,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For the security team trying to advance past the Framework of No, browser telemetry replaces the blunt instrument of network-level blocking with actual visibility:",{"data":3415,"content":3416,"nodeType":941},{},[3417,3427,3437],{"data":3418,"content":3419,"nodeType":945},{},[3420],{"data":3421,"content":3422,"nodeType":860},{},[3423],{"data":3424,"marks":3425,"value":3426,"nodeType":864},{},[],"which AI apps are in use (including personal account usage)",{"data":3428,"content":3429,"nodeType":945},{},[3430],{"data":3431,"content":3432,"nodeType":860},{},[3433],{"data":3434,"marks":3435,"value":3436,"nodeType":864},{},[],"what data is moving into them (file uploads, clipboard activity)",{"data":3438,"content":3439,"nodeType":945},{},[3440],{"data":3441,"content":3442,"nodeType":860},{},[3443],{"data":3444,"marks":3445,"value":3446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"graduated controls - per-app, per-user group, per-content pattern - that can monitor, warn, or block based on context rather than allow/deny",{"data":3448,"content":3449,"nodeType":860},{},[3450],{"data":3451,"marks":3452,"value":3453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same browser-layer instrumentation can also provide real-time detection of credential phishing, ClickFix, adversary-in-the-middle attacks, and device code phishing. And it can detect and disable malicious browser extensions based on confirmed threat intelligence, monitor OAuth integrations, and generate the identity attack surface data (login behaviors, MFA gaps, SSO coverage) that the Protect pillar requires at Stage 3 maturity and beyond.",{"data":3455,"content":3456,"nodeType":860},{},[3457],{"data":3458,"marks":3459,"value":3460,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We built Push around this insight: that the browser is where both problems converge, and a single deployment can advance AI security maturity in both areas simultaneously. The SANS model makes the same argument.",{"data":3462,"content":3463,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3465,"content":3466,"nodeType":1009},{},[3467],{"data":3468,"marks":3469,"value":3471,"nodeType":864},{},[3470],{"type":899},"Where to start: 5 steps to maturity with Push",{"data":3473,"content":3474,"nodeType":860},{},[3475],{"data":3476,"marks":3477,"value":3478,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The chasm closes when organizations make meaningful strides forward in both AI governance and proactive defense against AI-enabled attacks. Here's the starting plan that I'd recommend, and Push can provide the tooling to automate these steps:",{"data":3480,"content":3481,"nodeType":860},{},[3482,3487],{"data":3483,"marks":3484,"value":3486,"nodeType":864},{},[3485],{"type":899},"1. Build an AI inventory automatically.",{"data":3488,"marks":3489,"value":3490,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Every stage transition in the SANS model starts with knowing what's in your environment. A manual survey won't cut it; employees won't self-report the tools they're not sure they're allowed to use, and may overlook apps where AI is a feature but not the core function (AI-enabled apps). Instead, organizations should deploy automated discovery for AI apps, browser extensions, and OAuth integrations across the workforce - including the ones using personal accounts. Until this inventory exists, every policy decision is based on incomplete information.",{"data":3492,"content":3496,"nodeType":996},{"target":3493},{"sys":3494},{"id":3495,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2t3u0NydllImv6NzvAY058",[],{"data":3498,"content":3499,"nodeType":860},{},[3500,3505],{"data":3501,"marks":3502,"value":3504,"nodeType":864},{},[3503],{"type":899},"2. Classify what you find.",{"data":3506,"marks":3507,"value":3508,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Not all AI usage carries the same risk. A developer pasting code into ChatGPT and a salesperson using an AI notetaker are different problems. Once you can see the tools, categorize them by data sensitivity, authorization status, and access scope. The SANS model calls out data classification as a critical prerequisite; you can't write an effective AI policy without knowing where sensitive data lives.",{"data":3510,"content":3511,"nodeType":860},{},[3512,3517],{"data":3513,"marks":3514,"value":3516,"nodeType":864},{},[3515],{"type":899},"3. Turn on browser-layer detection.",{"data":3518,"marks":3519,"value":3520,"nodeType":864},{},[]," This is the step most organizations skip, and it's why addressing only the Protect pillar will keep you at Stage 1. AI-enabled phishing, ClickFix attacks, device code phishing, malicious extension updates, and OAuth exploitation all execute in the browser. Without detection in that layer, there's no visibility into the fastest-growing attack category, and no path to advancing beyond basic AI usage awareness.",{"data":3522,"content":3526,"nodeType":996},{"target":3523},{"sys":3524},{"id":3525,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1fzuGjA6VSbVl1p7vM1mt7",[],{"data":3528,"content":3529,"nodeType":860},{},[3530,3535],{"data":3531,"marks":3532,"value":3534,"nodeType":864},{},[3533],{"type":899},"4. Move from blocking to graduated controls.",{"data":3536,"marks":3537,"value":3538,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The Framework of No fails because it's binary: allow or deny, with nothing in between. Organizations that cross the chasm adopt monitor, warn, and block modes — per app, per user group, per content pattern. Monitor first to see what's happening, warn to change behavior without disrupting workflows, and block only where the risk justifies it. This is the operational difference between Stage 2 and Stage 3.",{"data":3540,"content":3541,"nodeType":860},{},[3542,3547,3551,3557],{"data":3543,"marks":3544,"value":3546,"nodeType":864},{},[3545],{"type":899},"5. Assess yourself honestly against evidence, not aspiration.",{"data":3548,"marks":3549,"value":3550,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The ",{"data":3552,"content":3553,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2852},[3554],{"data":3555,"marks":3556,"value":1108,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3558,"marks":3559,"value":3560,"nodeType":864},{},[]," includes a self-assessment and industry-specific weighting profiles. The value isn't in the score, but in identifying which pillar is keeping you from advancing.",{"data":3562,"content":3563,"nodeType":860},{},[3564],{"data":3565,"marks":3566,"value":3567,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The organizations that cross the AI security chasm will be the ones that recognize early that AI security isn't one problem with one solution. It's two problems that happen to share a control point. The most efficient path forward is a platform that addresses both.",{"data":3569,"content":3570,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3572,"content":3573,"nodeType":1009},{},[3574],{"data":3575,"marks":3576,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[3577],{"type":899},"Learn more about Push",{"data":3580,"content":3581,"nodeType":860},{},[3582],{"data":3583,"marks":3584,"value":3585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser - high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required.",{"data":3587,"content":3588,"nodeType":860},{},[3589],{"data":3590,"marks":3591,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3593,"content":3594,"nodeType":860},{},[3595,3598,3605],{"data":3596,"marks":3597,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3599,"content":3600,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[3601],{"data":3602,"marks":3603,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[3604],{"type":1455},{"data":3606,"marks":3607,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Crossing the AI security chasm with the SANS AI security maturity model","Most organizations know they have an AI security problem. A new SANS framework shows why so few are making progress - and what it actually takes to get unstuck.","2026-06-24T00:00:00.000Z","crossing-the-ai-security-chasm-sans-security-maturity-model",{"items":3613},[3614,3616],{"sys":3615,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":3617,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"items":3619},[3620],{"fullName":3621,"firstName":3622,"jobTitle":3623,"profilePicture":3624},"Mark Orlando","Mark","Field CTO",{"url":3625},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/592PMwIQQFaa24k5SKBEKF/a33090d0ad95d1e3081f5d16a46ba826/image__68_.png",{"__typename":2059,"sys":3627,"content":3629,"title":4865,"synopsis":4866,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":4867,"slug":4868,"tagsCollection":4869,"authorsCollection":4875},{"id":3628},"6MoHWfQlVildcFYKSbfMcE",{"json":3630},{"data":3631,"content":3632,"nodeType":856},{},[3633,3649,3655,3662,3669,3675,3678,3686,3694,3713,3761,3767,3782,3785,3793,3800,3828,3869,3876,3879,3887,3895,3902,3908,3915,3918,3926,3933,3975,4011,4018,4021,4029,4036,4061,4068,4113,4120,4123,4131,4139,4184,4191,4197,4200,4208,4216,4248,4255,4261,4268,4271,4279,4287,4316,4323,4330,4337,4340,4348,4356,4363,4369,4376,4399,4428,4431,4439,4447,4454,4461,4464,4472,4534,4537,4545,4552,4846,4849],{"data":3634,"content":3635,"nodeType":860},{},[3636,3640,3645],{"data":3637,"marks":3638,"value":3639,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser security solutions are one of the most significant additions to the enterprise security stack in recent years — and the data shows it. The browser is where ",{"data":3641,"marks":3642,"value":3644,"nodeType":864},{},[3643],{"type":899},"85% of work now happens",{"data":3646,"marks":3647,"value":3648,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where AI tools are accessed, and where attackers increasingly choose to strike.",{"data":3650,"content":3654,"nodeType":996},{"target":3651},{"sys":3652},{"id":3653,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5P6PyFbn4EakRNlIWtNzyL",[],{"data":3656,"content":3657,"nodeType":860},{},[3658],{"data":3659,"marks":3660,"value":3661,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But browser security is a nascent category. Getting a clear picture of which solution is right for your team, and how to get the most out of it, isn't straightforward. Current solutions on the market serve a wide range of IT and security use cases, with varying degrees of depth and differentiation across them. Not all use cases are equal in terms of their security value, and not all of them are best addressed in the browser.",{"data":3663,"content":3664,"nodeType":860},{},[3665],{"data":3666,"marks":3667,"value":3668,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This article ranks the security problems that browser security solutions can address by the value they deliver: a combination of the risk reduction on offer, and the degree to which the browser is genuinely the best (or only) layer to solve the problem. ",{"data":3670,"content":3674,"nodeType":996},{"target":3671},{"sys":3672},{"id":3673,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6SJPvEHizSYk29lEvVVNj",[],{"data":3676,"content":3677,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3679,"content":3680,"nodeType":1009},{},[3681],{"data":3682,"marks":3683,"value":3685,"nodeType":864},{},[3684],{"type":899},"#1 — Account takeover prevention: detecting credential attacks across all vectors",{"data":3687,"content":3688,"nodeType":860},{},[3689],{"data":3690,"marks":3691,"value":3693,"nodeType":864},{},[3692],{"type":899},"Security value: Very high | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":3695,"content":3696,"nodeType":860},{},[3697,3701,3709],{"data":3698,"marks":3699,"value":3700,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Account takeover (ATO) is the dominant entry point for enterprise breaches: ",{"data":3702,"content":3704,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3703},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/resources/infographics/identity-security-risk-review/",[3705],{"data":3706,"marks":3707,"value":3708,"nodeType":864},{},[],"80% of all modern breaches involve compromised or stolen identities",{"data":3710,"marks":3711,"value":3712,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The attack surface is far wider than most identity tooling can see: credential stuffing, password spraying, ghost logins (password-based fallback authentication that persists after SSO is configured), weak or reused credentials on shadow SaaS apps, and accounts where MFA was never enforced.",{"data":3714,"content":3715,"nodeType":860},{},[3716,3720,3728,3732,3737,3740,3745,3749,3757],{"data":3717,"marks":3718,"value":3719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"According to ",{"data":3721,"content":3723,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3722},"https://cf-assets.www.cloudflare.com/slt3lc6tev37/sWDBUMNVtEJB9ZFLt1dUU/8d69e92de2edfb3bf59e7d21d57e7e1a/Cloudflare-2026-threat-report.pdf",[3724],{"data":3725,"marks":3726,"value":3727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloudflare's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3729,"marks":3730,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],", ",{"data":3733,"marks":3734,"value":3736,"nodeType":864},{},[3735],{"type":899},"63% of all human logins involve credentials already compromised elsewhere",{"data":3738,"marks":3739,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3741,"marks":3742,"value":3744,"nodeType":864},{},[3743],{"type":899},"94% of all login attempts originate from bots",{"data":3746,"marks":3747,"value":3748,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The ",{"data":3750,"content":3752,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro/",[3753],{"data":3754,"marks":3755,"value":3756,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Snowflake breach",{"data":3758,"marks":3759,"value":3760,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — 165+ organizations compromised, 1 billion+ records stolen — was powered almost entirely by ghost logins: accounts missing MFA that were susceptible to credential stuffing. It's particularly telling that 80% of the accounts impacted had prior breach exposure.",{"data":3762,"content":3766,"nodeType":996},{"target":3763},{"sys":3764},{"id":3765,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"HbZ66kp5DiAZtwNGFJK7d",[],{"data":3768,"content":3769,"nodeType":860},{},[3770,3774,3779],{"data":3771,"marks":3772,"value":3773,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For organizations with contractors and BYOD users, the browser extension is also the only enterprise control deployable on devices that can't be MDM-enrolled — extending ATO detection to exactly the place where, per Verizon DBIR 2025, ",{"data":3775,"marks":3776,"value":3778,"nodeType":864},{},[3777],{"type":899},"46% of infostealer infections originate",{"data":3780,"marks":3781,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3783,"content":3784,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3786,"content":3787,"nodeType":1009},{},[3788],{"data":3789,"marks":3790,"value":3792,"nodeType":864},{},[3791],{"type":899},"#2 — Detecting and stopping advanced phishing: AiTM, multi-channel delivery, and zero-day lures",{"data":3794,"content":3795,"nodeType":860},{},[3796],{"data":3797,"marks":3798,"value":3693,"nodeType":864},{},[3799],{"type":899},{"data":3801,"content":3802,"nodeType":860},{},[3803,3807,3815,3819,3824],{"data":3804,"marks":3805,"value":3806,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing — where an attacker's reverse proxy intercepts credentials and session tokens in real time — has become the standard technique for bypassing MFA at scale. ",{"data":3808,"content":3810,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3809},"https://www.esentire.com/resources/library/2026-threat-report",[3811],{"data":3812,"marks":3813,"value":3814,"nodeType":864},{},[],"eSentire's 2026 Threat Report",{"data":3816,"marks":3817,"value":3818,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attributes ",{"data":3820,"marks":3821,"value":3823,"nodeType":864},{},[3822],{"type":899},"63% of account compromise incidents to PhaaS kits",{"data":3825,"marks":3826,"value":3827,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with account compromise surging 389% year-over-year.",{"data":3829,"content":3830,"nodeType":860},{},[3831,3835,3843,3847,3852,3856,3865],{"data":3832,"marks":3833,"value":3834,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Traditional phishing controls are also no longer in the right place to intercept these attacks. The delivery channel has shifted decisively away from email: ",{"data":3836,"content":3838,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3837},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/m-trends-2026",[3839],{"data":3840,"marks":3841,"value":3842,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant M-Trends 2026",{"data":3844,"marks":3845,"value":3846,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found email phishing dropped from 14% to 6% as an infection vector, and Push data shows ",{"data":3848,"marks":3849,"value":3851,"nodeType":864},{},[3850],{"type":899},"roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads intercepted were delivered outside email entirely",{"data":3853,"marks":3854,"value":3855,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — via search engine malvertising, social platforms, and compromised websites. Meanwhile, ",{"data":3857,"content":3859,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3858},"https://www.spamhaus.com/resource-center/supporting-researchers-with-passive-dns/",[3860],{"data":3861,"marks":3862,"value":3864,"nodeType":864},{},[3863],{"type":899},"89% of phishing domains are active for less than two days",{"data":3866,"marks":3867,"value":3868,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making blocklist-based detection structurally too slow — attackers can spin up, tear down, and move on before blocklists can catch up.",{"data":3870,"content":3871,"nodeType":860},{},[3872],{"data":3873,"marks":3874,"value":3875,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern phishing plays out entirely inside the browser session. The only detection layer that can see the phishing page structure, the credential entry, and the anomalous token context is the browser itself. Browser-native detection analyses page behavior rather than matching known-bad domains, which means it fires on zero-day kits regardless of how recently the infrastructure was stood up. Controls like credential entry guardrails add an additional layer — blocking corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains independently of content and behavior-based detections.",{"data":3877,"content":3878,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3880,"content":3881,"nodeType":1009},{},[3882],{"data":3883,"marks":3884,"value":3886,"nodeType":864},{},[3885],{"type":899},"#3 — Identity posture hardening: enforcing security across the apps your IdP doesn't manage",{"data":3888,"content":3889,"nodeType":860},{},[3890],{"data":3891,"marks":3892,"value":3894,"nodeType":864},{},[3893],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Uniquely suited",{"data":3896,"content":3897,"nodeType":860},{},[3898],{"data":3899,"marks":3900,"value":3901,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first challenge is knowing what you're protecting. Every identity an employee creates — every app they sign up to, every password they set, every login that bypasses SSO — is an authentication event that happens inside a browser session. The browser is the only layer that observes all of these events regardless of whether the app is sanctioned, managed, or even known to IT. Solutions that rely on API-level integrations with known apps, network traffic inspection, or email sign-up notifications can only ever build a partial picture, because they can only see apps they already know about. The browser sees the login itself, which means it discovers the identity at the moment it's created or used — authentication method, password strength, MFA status, and all.",{"data":3903,"content":3907,"nodeType":996},{"target":3904},{"sys":3905},{"id":3906,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"HETvBCPsKGkqLVtaasXH0",[],{"data":3909,"content":3910,"nodeType":860},{},[3911],{"data":3912,"marks":3913,"value":3914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But discovery without enforcement is just an inventory problem. Being in the browser means that you're in a great position to act on what it finds at the moment of authentication. Browser-native guardrails that prompt MFA enrollment, guide users toward stronger credentials, and redirect to SSO login paths close the gap at scale, on every app, including those the IdP has never seen. They also produce the continuous, auditable evidence of MFA coverage and credential hygiene across the full application estate that regulators, insurers, and auditors increasingly require — evidence that no IdP-centric tool can provide for apps outside its scope.",{"data":3916,"content":3917,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":3919,"content":3920,"nodeType":1009},{},[3921],{"data":3922,"marks":3923,"value":3925,"nodeType":864},{},[3924],{"type":899},"#4 — Browser extension security",{"data":3927,"content":3928,"nodeType":860},{},[3929],{"data":3930,"marks":3931,"value":3894,"nodeType":864},{},[3932],{"type":899},{"data":3934,"content":3935,"nodeType":860},{},[3936,3940,3949,3952,3960,3963,3971],{"data":3937,"marks":3938,"value":3939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser extensions have become one of the most talked-about attack surfaces in security over the past 18 months, and understandably so — a string of high-profile supply chain compromises have collectively impacted tens of millions of users since late 2024 (",{"data":3941,"content":3943,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3942},"https://www.cyberhaven.com/blog/cyberhavens-chrome-extension-security-incident-and-what-were-doing-about-it",[3944],{"data":3945,"marks":3946,"value":3948,"nodeType":864},{},[3947],{"type":1455},"Cyberhaven",{"data":3950,"marks":3951,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3953,"content":3955,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3954},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/darkspectre-browser-extension-campaigns.html",[3956],{"data":3957,"marks":3958,"value":3959,"nodeType":864},{},[],"DarkSpectre",{"data":3961,"marks":3962,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3964,"content":3966,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3965},"https://thehackernews.com/2025/12/trust-wallet-chrome-extension-hack.html",[3967],{"data":3968,"marks":3969,"value":3970,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Trust Wallet",{"data":3972,"marks":3973,"value":3974,"nodeType":864},{},[],", among many others).",{"data":3976,"content":3977,"nodeType":860},{},[3978,3981,3989,3993,3998,4002,4007],{"data":3979,"marks":3980,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":3982,"content":3983,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[3984],{"data":3985,"marks":3986,"value":3988,"nodeType":864},{},[3987],{"type":1455},"Analysis of 20,000+ extensions across Push customers",{"data":3990,"marks":3991,"value":3992,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found ",{"data":3994,"marks":3995,"value":3997,"nodeType":864},{},[3996],{"type":899},"46.76% have the permission combinations needed to perform account takeover with no user interaction",{"data":3999,"marks":4000,"value":4001,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making permissions-based risk scoring effectively useless as a triage tool. The real threat model is not malicious extensions at install time — it's legitimate extensions that ",{"data":4003,"marks":4004,"value":4006,"nodeType":864},{},[4005],{"type":2246},"become",{"data":4008,"marks":4009,"value":4010,"nodeType":864},{},[]," malicious after an ownership transfer, developer account compromise, or silent update push. Every major extension supply chain breach of the past 18 months scored as low-risk immediately before compromise.",{"data":4012,"content":4013,"nodeType":860},{},[4014],{"data":4015,"marks":4016,"value":4017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SWGs and network tools are structurally blind to this attack surface: a malicious extension exfiltrating session tokens generates no anomalous network signal — its traffic is indistinguishable from normal browsing. Endpoint agents have no visibility into extension behavior at the session level. Extension inventory, supply chain change monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — and enforcement all require browser-layer access by definition.",{"data":4019,"content":4020,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4022,"content":4023,"nodeType":1009},{},[4024],{"data":4025,"marks":4026,"value":4028,"nodeType":864},{},[4027],{"type":899},"#5 — Shadow SaaS discovery and OAuth integration governance",{"data":4030,"content":4031,"nodeType":860},{},[4032],{"data":4033,"marks":4034,"value":3894,"nodeType":864},{},[4035],{"type":899},{"data":4037,"content":4038,"nodeType":860},{},[4039,4043,4048,4052,4057],{"data":4040,"marks":4041,"value":4042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shadow SaaS discovery shares DNA with identity posture hardening (#3) — both start with the same browser-native visibility into login events that no other layer can replicate. Where identity posture focuses on hardening ",{"data":4044,"marks":4045,"value":4047,"nodeType":864},{},[4046],{"type":2246},"how",{"data":4049,"marks":4050,"value":4051,"nodeType":864},{},[]," employees authenticate, shadow SaaS discovery focuses on ",{"data":4053,"marks":4054,"value":4056,"nodeType":864},{},[4055],{"type":2246},"what",{"data":4058,"marks":4059,"value":4060,"nodeType":864},{},[]," they authenticate to: surfacing the full estate of applications in use across the organization, including those that IT has never sanctioned or even heard of.",{"data":4062,"content":4063,"nodeType":860},{},[4064],{"data":4065,"marks":4066,"value":4067,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OAuth integration governance is the component of shadow SaaS that is both the most potentially damaging and the hardest to surface through other means. The SaaS-to-SaaS OAuth pivot is now an industrialized attack pattern.",{"data":4069,"content":4070,"nodeType":941},{},[4071,4092],{"data":4072,"content":4073,"nodeType":945},{},[4074],{"data":4075,"content":4076,"nodeType":860},{},[4077,4080,4088],{"data":4078,"marks":4079,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":4081,"content":4083,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4082},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-instructure-breach/",[4084],{"data":4085,"marks":4086,"value":4087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters",{"data":4089,"marks":4090,"value":4091,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Salesforce campaign — which compromised 1,000+ organizations and 1.5 billion records — demonstrated the full chain: the attacker didn't stop at stealing customer data but harvested OAuth tokens, AWS access keys, and Snowflake tokens from breached tenants and pivoted through connected services like Salesloft, Drift, and Gainsight to reach hundreds more organizations.",{"data":4093,"content":4094,"nodeType":945},{},[4095],{"data":4096,"content":4097,"nodeType":860},{},[4098,4101,4109],{"data":4099,"marks":4100,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":4102,"content":4104,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4103},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-vercel-breach/",[4105],{"data":4106,"marks":4107,"value":4108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Context.ai → Vercel",{"data":4110,"marks":4111,"value":4112,"nodeType":864},{},[]," chain followed the same logic — stored OAuth tokens from a forgotten AI app trial provided the bridge into Google Workspace, internal dashboards, and API keys. These are not isolated incidents; they are the repeatable playbook for extracting maximum value from a single compromise through the trust relationships that OAuth connections encode.",{"data":4114,"content":4115,"nodeType":860},{},[4116],{"data":4117,"marks":4118,"value":4119,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every OAuth consent grant transits the browser — the authorization prompt, the scope disclosure, the user's approval click, and the redirect that completes the grant all happen inside a browser session — which makes the browser the only layer where an unwanted grant can be intercepted before the token is issued and the persistent access path is created. Once a token exists, the damage is done: it survives password resets, MFA changes, and session revocations, and revoking it after the fact requires first knowing it was granted, which most organizations do not.",{"data":4121,"content":4122,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4124,"content":4125,"nodeType":1009},{},[4126],{"data":4127,"marks":4128,"value":4130,"nodeType":864},{},[4129],{"type":899},"#6 — Blocking ClickFix and social engineering-based malware delivery",{"data":4132,"content":4133,"nodeType":860},{},[4134],{"data":4135,"marks":4136,"value":4138,"nodeType":864},{},[4137],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for interception — shared with endpoint security for execution. ConsentFix is a browser-native exception that is T1-aligned.",{"data":4140,"content":4141,"nodeType":860},{},[4142,4146,4151,4155,4162,4166,4171,4175,4180],{"data":4143,"marks":4144,"value":4145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix was the most common initial access vector reported by Microsoft in 2025, accounting for ",{"data":4147,"marks":4148,"value":4150,"nodeType":864},{},[4149],{"type":899},"47% of observed attacks",{"data":4152,"marks":4153,"value":4154,"nodeType":864},{},[],". CrowdStrike's ",{"data":4156,"content":4157,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},[4158],{"data":4159,"marks":4160,"value":4161,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2026 Global Threat Report",{"data":4163,"marks":4164,"value":4165,"nodeType":864},{},[]," identified fake CAPTCHA lures as the most common malware download type, increasing ",{"data":4167,"marks":4168,"value":4170,"nodeType":864},{},[4169],{"type":899},"563% year-over-year",{"data":4172,"marks":4173,"value":4174,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The technique writes a malicious command to the victim's clipboard and social-engineers them into executing it. It is fileless (bypassing download scanning), user-executed (bypassing endpoint behavioral detections), and ",{"data":4176,"marks":4177,"value":4179,"nodeType":864},{},[4178],{"type":899},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads intercepted by Push arrived via search engines",{"data":4181,"marks":4182,"value":4183,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — not email (bypassing email anti-phishing controls).",{"data":4185,"content":4186,"nodeType":860},{},[4187],{"data":4188,"marks":4189,"value":4190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is the earliest and most effective intervention point — detecting the clipboard injection and social engineering lure before anything reaches the endpoint in executable form. But the problem doesn't end at the browser boundary: once the command has been pasted and run, detection and remediation become endpoint problems, and a mature defense requires both layers. The broader *Fix family — FileFix, InstallFix, and similar derivatives — follows the same pattern, with the browser providing the critical early-warning layer within a defense that spans browser and endpoint.",{"data":4192,"content":4196,"nodeType":996},{"target":4193},{"sys":4194},{"id":4195,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"39alMHtw9FPHbQINqbAgBN",[],{"data":4198,"content":4199,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4201,"content":4202,"nodeType":1009},{},[4203],{"data":4204,"marks":4205,"value":4207,"nodeType":864},{},[4206],{"type":899},"#7 — AI visibility and control: enforcing which AI tools employees can use and how",{"data":4209,"content":4210,"nodeType":860},{},[4211],{"data":4212,"marks":4213,"value":4215,"nodeType":864},{},[4214],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for access enforcement — but AI governance is not a new security problem so much as a force multiplier on existing ones",{"data":4217,"content":4218,"nodeType":860},{},[4219,4223,4231,4235,4244],{"data":4220,"marks":4221,"value":4222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI adoption is outpacing security governance at nearly every organization, and ",{"data":4224,"content":4225,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2561},[4226],{"data":4227,"marks":4228,"value":4230,"nodeType":864},{},[4229],{"type":899},"71% of organizations are concerned about data leakage via unsanctioned AI apps",{"data":4232,"marks":4233,"value":4234,"nodeType":864},{},[],". But the security problems that AI creates are not, for the most part, novel — they are existing Tier 1 problems amplified by a new category of tooling. Shadow AI apps are shadow SaaS (#5). AI OAuth integrations are OAuth governance (#5). AI browser extensions are extension security (#4). The risk of employees using personal AI accounts — ",{"data":4236,"content":4238,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4237},"https://keepaware.com/blog/46-of-sensitive-data-bypasses-your-dlp",[4239],{"data":4240,"marks":4241,"value":4243,"nodeType":864},{},[4242],{"type":899},"46% of sensitive inputs to AI tools are sent via personal accounts",{"data":4245,"marks":4246,"value":4247,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — is an identity posture problem (#3).",{"data":4249,"content":4250,"nodeType":860},{},[4251],{"data":4252,"marks":4253,"value":4254,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The component parts that allow you to govern AI are individually Tier 1 capabilities, and the browser is the best single layer for gaining visibility and control over AI usage — it sees the apps, the OAuth grants, the extensions, and the account context. But a complete end-to-end solution also requires a presence on the endpoint layer (for local AI tools, IDE-integrated agents, and API-level usage that never touches the browser), and prompt-level DLP on sanctioned tools is better handled by platform-native controls than by browser-layer observation.",{"data":4256,"content":4260,"nodeType":996},{"target":4257},{"sys":4258},{"id":4259,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Py3z9VgjhKrchmYvhmbsq",[],{"data":4262,"content":4263,"nodeType":860},{},[4264],{"data":4265,"marks":4266,"value":4267,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is what makes platform controls effective — if employees are using personal accounts, there are no enterprise audit logs to inspect. And for the growing category of AI agents, agentic browsers, and MCP-connected tools that operate through OAuth grants rather than direct user interaction, the browser is where the consent decisions that authorize those agents are made.",{"data":4269,"content":4270,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4272,"content":4273,"nodeType":1009},{},[4274],{"data":4275,"marks":4276,"value":4278,"nodeType":864},{},[4277],{"type":899},"#8 — Investigation acceleration and incident response: closing the missing middle",{"data":4280,"content":4281,"nodeType":860},{},[4282],{"data":4283,"marks":4284,"value":4286,"nodeType":864},{},[4285],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong — fills a structural gap complementary to endpoint, network, and identity telemetry",{"data":4288,"content":4289,"nodeType":860},{},[4290,4294,4299,4303,4312],{"data":4291,"marks":4292,"value":4293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Endpoint logs show what processes executed. Network logs show traffic destinations. IdP logs show authentication events. None of them show what happened ",{"data":4295,"marks":4296,"value":4298,"nodeType":864},{},[4297],{"type":2246},"inside the browser session",{"data":4300,"marks":4301,"value":4302,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — the phishing page the user saw, the credentials they entered, the malicious OAuth consent grant, the data uploaded or pasted to an unsanctioned service. This is the missing middle of modern incident investigations, and for the ",{"data":4304,"content":4306,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4305},"https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.uk/resources/research/unit-42-incident-response-report",[4307],{"data":4308,"marks":4309,"value":4311,"nodeType":864},{},[4310],{"type":899},"48% of intrusions involving browser-based activity",{"data":4313,"marks":4314,"value":4315,"nodeType":864},{},[],", the absence of browser telemetry is a significant investigative gap.",{"data":4317,"content":4318,"nodeType":860},{},[4319],{"data":4320,"marks":4321,"value":4322,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-layer telemetry fills that gap with a fundamentally different quality of signal: what users actually clicked, what pages loaded and how they behaved, what credentials were entered, what session activity followed — structured, high-fidelity data from inside the session where the attack played out. That's the difference between inferring what happened and seeing it directly, and it determines scope, drives containment decisions, and provides the direct evidential record that neither endpoint DLP nor network monitoring can supply for browser-native attacks.",{"data":4324,"content":4325,"nodeType":860},{},[4326],{"data":4327,"marks":4328,"value":4329,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser telemetry is a key addition to the investigative picture. Investigations are inherently multi-source — without browser data, reconstructing an incident from EDR, network, and IdP logs won't tell you the full picture (particularly when attacks are increasingly delivered outside of email, intercepting users as they browse the internet normally).",{"data":4331,"content":4332,"nodeType":860},{},[4333],{"data":4334,"marks":4335,"value":4336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser provides the causal link that other sources miss: the bridge between \"a user visited a URL\" and \"credentials were submitted to a phishing page that issued a session token now being replayed from an attacker-controlled browser.\" Integrated with SIEM and SOAR platforms, that signal enables automated response workflows to execute on high-confidence detections without waiting for manual triage.",{"data":4338,"content":4339,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4341,"content":4342,"nodeType":1009},{},[4343],{"data":4344,"marks":4345,"value":4347,"nodeType":864},{},[4346],{"type":899},"#9 — Infostealer defense: detecting exposure and blocking delivery",{"data":4349,"content":4350,"nodeType":860},{},[4351],{"data":4352,"marks":4353,"value":4355,"nodeType":864},{},[4354],{"type":899},"Security value: High | Browser fit: Strong for delivery interception and stolen factor detection — complementary to endpoint security for execution",{"data":4357,"content":4358,"nodeType":860},{},[4359],{"data":4360,"marks":4361,"value":4362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Infostealers are the upstream supply chain for a disproportionate share of the most damaging enterprise attacks — harvesting credentials, session cookies, and browser profile data en masse from infected devices, then selling the outputs on infostealer markets for use in credential stuffing, ATO, and ransomware campaigns.",{"data":4364,"content":4368,"nodeType":996},{"target":4365},{"sys":4366},{"id":4367,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5NF1afwu3zFGThZTtStVQA",[],{"data":4370,"content":4371,"nodeType":860},{},[4372],{"data":4373,"marks":4374,"value":4375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is relevant at two points in the infostealer kill chain. First, delivery interception: ClickFix (covered in #6) is now the primary infostealer delivery mechanism, and the browser is the only layer that can intercept it before execution. Second, detecting stolen factors when attackers attempt to use them — and infostealers produce two categories of stolen factor that the browser can guard against.",{"data":4377,"content":4378,"nodeType":941},{},[4379,4389],{"data":4380,"content":4381,"nodeType":945},{},[4382],{"data":4383,"content":4384,"nodeType":860},{},[4385],{"data":4386,"marks":4387,"value":4388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen credentials can be identified at the point of login: browser-layer detection flags credentials that appear in known breach datasets, catching infostealer-harvested passwords being replayed in credential stuffing campaigns before the account is compromised.",{"data":4390,"content":4391,"nodeType":945},{},[4392],{"data":4393,"content":4394,"nodeType":860},{},[4395],{"data":4396,"marks":4397,"value":4398,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen session tokens are caught through a different mechanism: sessions originating in instrumented browsers carry a marker, and when a token subsequently appears in an un-instrumented browser it is a confirmed stolen session — catching infostealer-harvested cookies being replayed regardless of how or where the token was originally harvested.",{"data":4400,"content":4401,"nodeType":860},{},[4402,4406,4415,4419,4424],{"data":4403,"marks":4404,"value":4405,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is particularly critical for the ",{"data":4407,"content":4409,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4408},"https://www.verizon.com/business/en-gb/resources/reports/dbir/",[4410],{"data":4411,"marks":4412,"value":4414,"nodeType":864},{},[4413],{"type":899},"46% of infected devices that are unmanaged",{"data":4416,"marks":4417,"value":4418,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where EDR is absent and the stolen credentials and session tokens will never be detected at the endpoint. Infostealer ",{"data":4420,"marks":4421,"value":4423,"nodeType":864},{},[4422],{"type":2246},"execution",{"data":4425,"marks":4426,"value":4427,"nodeType":864},{},[]," remains an endpoint problem; the browser closes the delivery and replay gaps that endpoint tools miss.",{"data":4429,"content":4430,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4432,"content":4433,"nodeType":1009},{},[4434],{"data":4435,"marks":4436,"value":4438,"nodeType":864},{},[4437],{"type":899},"#10 — Data loss prevention: a key component of effective DLP, but not the full picture",{"data":4440,"content":4441,"nodeType":860},{},[4442],{"data":4443,"marks":4444,"value":4446,"nodeType":864},{},[4445],{"type":899},"Security value: Medium-high | Browser fit: Partial — complementary to dedicated DLP",{"data":4448,"content":4449,"nodeType":860},{},[4450],{"data":4451,"marks":4452,"value":4453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"File uploads to unsanctioned services, sensitive data pasted into AI tools, and exfiltration through personal accounts are genuine and growing risks that traditional email and endpoint-centric DLP tools were not designed to catch. Browser-layer controls provide real value here — particularly for BYOD users and contractors, where endpoint DLP agents cannot be deployed and the browser is the only available data loss visibility.",{"data":4455,"content":4456,"nodeType":860},{},[4457],{"data":4458,"marks":4459,"value":4460,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The honest scope: browser-layer DLP does not cover email-based loss, endpoint-to-endpoint transfers, or cloud API exfiltration. It closes specific and important gaps within a broader DLP strategy, not a replacement for one. A further distinction for organizations evaluating browser DLP for secure third-party access: full-stack enterprise browsers can enforce deeper output controls — watermarking, obfuscation, screenshot and print restrictions — at the OS rendering level that browser extensions cannot reliably replicate. Extension-based browser DLP is strongest for upload, input, and access control use cases rather than OS-level output restriction.",{"data":4462,"content":4463,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4465,"content":4466,"nodeType":1009},{},[4467],{"data":4468,"marks":4469,"value":4471,"nodeType":864},{},[4470],{"type":899},"Tier 3 — Lower Value: A problem best addressed outside of the browser",{"data":4473,"content":4474,"nodeType":941},{},[4475,4490,4505,4520],{"data":4476,"content":4477,"nodeType":945},{},[4478],{"data":4479,"content":4480,"nodeType":860},{},[4481,4486],{"data":4482,"marks":4483,"value":4485,"nodeType":864},{},[4484],{"type":899},"Browser exploit protection",{"data":4487,"marks":4488,"value":4489,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (narrow RCE/sandbox sense) ranks lower because browser zero-days represent just 9% of all zero-days reported to Google, and 82% of attack detections are now malware-free (CrowdStrike 2026). This is a problem for browser vendors to solve, and it's not a big enough problem to warrant enterprises investing in additional mitigating controls.",{"data":4491,"content":4492,"nodeType":945},{},[4493],{"data":4494,"content":4495,"nodeType":860},{},[4496,4501],{"data":4497,"marks":4498,"value":4500,"nodeType":864},{},[4499],{"type":899},"Domain and URL category controls",{"data":4502,"marks":4503,"value":4504,"nodeType":864},{},[]," offer genuine browser-layer value but are commoditized by SWG and DNS filtering tools most organizations already operate. This can be provided in the browser, sure (and it's something we do at Push) but offers limited security value in terms of making a difference against modern attacks that quickly rotate these kinds of indicators and are designed to blend in.",{"data":4506,"content":4507,"nodeType":945},{},[4508],{"data":4509,"content":4510,"nodeType":860},{},[4511,4516],{"data":4512,"marks":4513,"value":4515,"nodeType":864},{},[4514],{"type":899},"Access management",{"data":4517,"marks":4518,"value":4519,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — ZTNA, VPN replacement, PAM, BYOD access control — is an IT infrastructure and access architecture problem, not a security operations problem, and belongs to a different buyer with a different evaluation frame. There are numerous (typically full-stack) Enterprise Browser solutions on the market that address IT use cases like this well.",{"data":4521,"content":4522,"nodeType":945},{},[4523],{"data":4524,"content":4525,"nodeType":860},{},[4526,4530],{"data":4527,"marks":4528,"value":781,"nodeType":864},{},[4529],{"type":899},{"data":4531,"marks":4532,"value":4533,"nodeType":864},{},[]," addresses browser exploit risk rather than the identity-first attacks that represent the majority of current enterprise browser risk, and introduces UX friction that limits deployment at scale. When it triggers, it introduces latency but still fails to detect and stop browser-native attacks.",{"data":4535,"content":4536,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4538,"content":4539,"nodeType":1009},{},[4540],{"data":4541,"marks":4542,"value":4544,"nodeType":864},{},[4543],{"type":899},"How Push Security maps to the highest-value security use cases",{"data":4546,"content":4547,"nodeType":860},{},[4548],{"data":4549,"marks":4550,"value":4551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push is purpose-built to address all of these problems using a flexible browser extension — plug into any browser with no migration, no host agent deployment, and no IT overhead — that delivers telemetry and control from day one, and extends coverage to every enrolled browser regardless of device ownership.",{"data":4553,"content":4554,"nodeType":4845},{},[4555,4582,4606,4630,4654,4678,4702,4726,4750,4774,4798,4822],{"data":4556,"content":4557,"nodeType":4581},{},[4558,4570],{"data":4559,"content":4560,"nodeType":4569},{},[4561],{"data":4562,"content":4563,"nodeType":860},{},[4564],{"data":4565,"marks":4566,"value":4568,"nodeType":864},{},[4567],{"type":899},"Security use case","table-cell",{"data":4571,"content":4572,"nodeType":4569},{},[4573],{"data":4574,"content":4575,"nodeType":860},{},[4576],{"data":4577,"marks":4578,"value":4580,"nodeType":864},{},[4579],{"type":899},"How Push addresses it","table-row",{"data":4583,"content":4584,"nodeType":4581},{},[4585,4596],{"data":4586,"content":4587,"nodeType":4569},{},[4588],{"data":4589,"content":4590,"nodeType":860},{},[4591],{"data":4592,"marks":4593,"value":4595,"nodeType":864},{},[4594],{"type":899},"Account takeover prevention",{"data":4597,"content":4598,"nodeType":4569},{},[4599],{"data":4600,"content":4601,"nodeType":860},{},[4602],{"data":4603,"marks":4604,"value":4605,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Surfaces and fixes ghost logins, weak and breached credentials and missing MFA controls across every app and device — including shadow SaaS and unmanaged devices invisible to the IdP. Push also detects and stops the attack techniques that typically lead to ATO early in the kill chain and before an account can be compromised.",{"data":4607,"content":4608,"nodeType":4581},{},[4609,4620],{"data":4610,"content":4611,"nodeType":4569},{},[4612],{"data":4613,"content":4614,"nodeType":860},{},[4615],{"data":4616,"marks":4617,"value":4619,"nodeType":864},{},[4618],{"type":899},"Advanced phishing detection",{"data":4621,"content":4622,"nodeType":4569},{},[4623],{"data":4624,"content":4625,"nodeType":860},{},[4626],{"data":4627,"marks":4628,"value":4629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Behavioral page analysis detects phishing kits regardless of whether the domain is known-bad. Credential entry guardrails block corporate passwords from being submitted to unauthorized domains. TTP-based detection remains effective as attacker infrastructure rotates.",{"data":4631,"content":4632,"nodeType":4581},{},[4633,4644],{"data":4634,"content":4635,"nodeType":4569},{},[4636],{"data":4637,"content":4638,"nodeType":860},{},[4639],{"data":4640,"marks":4641,"value":4643,"nodeType":864},{},[4642],{"type":899},"Identity posture hardening",{"data":4645,"content":4646,"nodeType":4569},{},[4647],{"data":4648,"content":4649,"nodeType":860},{},[4650],{"data":4651,"marks":4652,"value":4653,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enforces MFA, strong credentials, and SSO adoption across every app the IdP doesn't manage. Produces continuous, auditable MFA coverage and credential hygiene evidence across the full application and device estate.",{"data":4655,"content":4656,"nodeType":4581},{},[4657,4668],{"data":4658,"content":4659,"nodeType":4569},{},[4660],{"data":4661,"content":4662,"nodeType":860},{},[4663],{"data":4664,"marks":4665,"value":4667,"nodeType":864},{},[4666],{"type":899},"Browser extension security",{"data":4669,"content":4670,"nodeType":4569},{},[4671],{"data":4672,"content":4673,"nodeType":860},{},[4674],{"data":4675,"marks":4676,"value":4677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Live extension inventory with supply chain change event monitoring — ownership transfers, permission escalations, developer contact changes — rather than static risk scoring. Supports default-deny allowlisting and remote extension removal. Blocks known-bad malicious extensions automatically.",{"data":4679,"content":4680,"nodeType":4581},{},[4681,4692],{"data":4682,"content":4683,"nodeType":4569},{},[4684],{"data":4685,"content":4686,"nodeType":860},{},[4687],{"data":4688,"marks":4689,"value":4691,"nodeType":864},{},[4690],{"type":899},"Shadow SaaS and OAuth governance",{"data":4693,"content":4694,"nodeType":4569},{},[4695],{"data":4696,"content":4697,"nodeType":860},{},[4698],{"data":4699,"marks":4700,"value":4701,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Discovers shadow SaaS from actual login events with full authentication context. Monitors and blocks OAuth consent flows — including AI and MCP integrations — in real time before persistent access paths are created.",{"data":4703,"content":4704,"nodeType":4581},{},[4705,4716],{"data":4706,"content":4707,"nodeType":4569},{},[4708],{"data":4709,"content":4710,"nodeType":860},{},[4711],{"data":4712,"marks":4713,"value":4715,"nodeType":864},{},[4714],{"type":899},"ClickFix and the *Fix family",{"data":4717,"content":4718,"nodeType":4569},{},[4719],{"data":4720,"content":4721,"nodeType":860},{},[4722],{"data":4723,"marks":4724,"value":4725,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detects and blocks ClickFix lures, clipboard injection, and browser-native variants like ConsentFix in real time — before the payload executes or OAuth key material is captured.",{"data":4727,"content":4728,"nodeType":4581},{},[4729,4740],{"data":4730,"content":4731,"nodeType":4569},{},[4732],{"data":4733,"content":4734,"nodeType":860},{},[4735],{"data":4736,"marks":4737,"value":4739,"nodeType":864},{},[4738],{"type":899},"AI visibility & control",{"data":4741,"content":4742,"nodeType":4569},{},[4743],{"data":4744,"content":4745,"nodeType":860},{},[4746],{"data":4747,"marks":4748,"value":4749,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enforces which AI tools employees can access and routes usage to corporate tenants. Governs AI browser extensions and blocks OAuth consent grants to unapproved AI applications — drawing on the same Tier 1 capabilities (OAuth governance, extension security, shadow SaaS discovery) that make this possible.",{"data":4751,"content":4752,"nodeType":4581},{},[4753,4764],{"data":4754,"content":4755,"nodeType":4569},{},[4756],{"data":4757,"content":4758,"nodeType":860},{},[4759],{"data":4760,"marks":4761,"value":4763,"nodeType":864},{},[4762],{"type":899},"Security investigations & incident response",{"data":4765,"content":4766,"nodeType":4569},{},[4767],{"data":4768,"content":4769,"nodeType":860},{},[4770],{"data":4771,"marks":4772,"value":4773,"nodeType":864},{},[],"High-fidelity session telemetry — page loads, credential entries, DOM changes, OAuth grants — fills the missing middle that endpoint, network, and IdP logs leave open. Feeds directly into SIEM and SOAR for automated response.",{"data":4775,"content":4776,"nodeType":4581},{},[4777,4788],{"data":4778,"content":4779,"nodeType":4569},{},[4780],{"data":4781,"content":4782,"nodeType":860},{},[4783],{"data":4784,"marks":4785,"value":4787,"nodeType":864},{},[4786],{"type":899},"Infostealer defense",{"data":4789,"content":4790,"nodeType":4569},{},[4791],{"data":4792,"content":4793,"nodeType":860},{},[4794],{"data":4795,"marks":4796,"value":4797,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Intercepts ClickFix-based infostealer delivery before execution. Detects token replay in unenrolled browser contexts — catching post-theft abuse from AiTM-sourced tokens and infostealer-harvested cookies, including from unmanaged devices.",{"data":4799,"content":4800,"nodeType":4581},{},[4801,4812],{"data":4802,"content":4803,"nodeType":4569},{},[4804],{"data":4805,"content":4806,"nodeType":860},{},[4807],{"data":4808,"marks":4809,"value":4811,"nodeType":864},{},[4810],{"type":899},"Data loss prevention",{"data":4813,"content":4814,"nodeType":4569},{},[4815],{"data":4816,"content":4817,"nodeType":860},{},[4818],{"data":4819,"marks":4820,"value":4821,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Observes file uploads, downloads, and sensitive data inputs across all applications. Extends data loss visibility to BYOD and contractor devices where endpoint DLP cannot reach.",{"data":4823,"content":4824,"nodeType":4581},{},[4825,4835],{"data":4826,"content":4827,"nodeType":4569},{},[4828],{"data":4829,"content":4830,"nodeType":860},{},[4831],{"data":4832,"marks":4833,"value":4500,"nodeType":864},{},[4834],{"type":899},{"data":4836,"content":4837,"nodeType":4569},{},[4838],{"data":4839,"content":4840,"nodeType":860},{},[4841],{"data":4842,"marks":4843,"value":4844,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Custom URL blocklists with wildcard support and REST API management for threat intelligence feed sync. Application category blocking restricts access to classes of apps (file-sharing, unsanctioned AI tools) configurable by user group. Domain categorization bringing SWG-style category blocking natively to the browser without a network proxy.","table",{"data":4847,"content":4848,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":4850,"content":4851,"nodeType":860},{},[4852,4856,4862],{"data":4853,"marks":4854,"value":4855,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. ",{"data":4857,"content":4858,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[4859],{"data":4860,"marks":4861,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":4863,"marks":4864,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The top 10 security problems you can solve in the browser — ranked by value","Ranking the security problems you can solve in the browser by security value and browser fit.","2026-05-14T00:00:00.000Z","the-top-10-security-problems-you-can-solve-in-the-browser-ranked-by-value",{"items":4870},[4871,4873],{"sys":4872,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":4874,"name":2729},{"id":2728},{"items":4876},[4877],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":4880},"Alex Henshall","Alex",{"url":4881},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2rz3Pre3b1MexPIQ4hzPUe/0ef8a092b7e7df00fbce3f7d1ccb96d1/Alex_Henshall.jpeg","shadow-ai-how-to-discover-govern-and-secure-ai-apps","blog/shadow-ai-how-to-discover-govern-and-secure-ai-apps","Why you need paved paths, not barricades, for secure AI adoption",{"json":4886},{"data":4887,"content":4888,"nodeType":856},{},[4889],{"data":4890,"content":4891,"nodeType":860},{},[4892],{"data":4893,"marks":4894,"value":4895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking AI tools doesn't stop employees from using AI — it stops you seeing how they use it. The solution: make the governed path easier than the workaround.",{"id":4897,"publishedAt":4898},"7MB9tEe6mrdNXbkYVhgyWn","2026-08-13T13:06:46.644Z",{"items":4900},[4901,4905],{"sys":4902,"name":4904},{"id":4903},"3SA5H01UkKauuiTdt0KC6q","Shadow IT",{"sys":4906,"name":545},{"id":4907},"7ohk9lIkxMvJMwnp2Lhuad",{"items":4909},[4910,4912,4914,4916,4918,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940],{"sys":4911,"name":580,"slug":581,"tier":45},{"id":577},{"sys":4913,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":4915,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45},{"id":630},{"sys":4917,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},{"sys":4919,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":4921,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":4923,"name":431,"slug":432,"tier":45},{"id":428},{"sys":4925,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":4927,"name":368,"slug":369,"tier":45},{"id":365},{"sys":4929,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":4931,"name":306,"slug":307,"tier":45},{"id":303},{"sys":4933,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":4935,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":4937,"name":252,"slug":253,"tier":45},{"id":249},{"sys":4939,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":4941,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},"Zx6fn8UdirkncRHJf51fcJD_Tl5wsbmvST1BUx0fsQ8",{"id":4944,"title":4945,"authorsCollection":4946,"content":4950,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":5973,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":5975,"metaTitle":5976,"ogImage":59,"postType":5977,"publishedDate":5978,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":5979,"slug":8525,"stem":8526,"subtitle":59,"summary":8527,"synopsis":8538,"sys":8539,"tagsCollection":8542,"topicsCollection":8548,"__hash__":8560},"blog/blog/agentic-threat-hunting-benefits-for-customers.json","How Push’s agentic threat hunting in the browser benefits every customer",{"items":4947},[4948],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":4949},{"url":853},{"json":4951,"links":5870},{"data":4952,"content":4953,"nodeType":856},{},[4954,4967,4983,5034,5041,5054,5074,5081,5087,5090,5097,5104,5133,5140,5147,5215,5222,5228,5235,5242,5245,5252,5259,5292,5312,5324,5330,5337,5343,5355,5362,5382,5388,5400,5412,5419,5425,5437,5453,5465,5477,5483,5490,5493,5500,5507,5523,5531,5538,5546,5553,5595,5598,5605,5612,5618,5625,5632,5648,5663,5670,5686,5693,5741,5748,5764,5771,5820,5827,5835,5838,5844,5851],{"data":4955,"content":4956,"nodeType":860},{},[4957,4961],{"data":4958,"marks":4959,"value":4960,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hey all you security engineers, let’s play ",{"data":4962,"marks":4963,"value":4966,"nodeType":864},{},[4964,4965],{"type":2246},{"type":899},"Would You Rather … ?",{"data":4968,"content":4969,"nodeType":860},{},[4970,4974,4979],{"data":4971,"marks":4972,"value":4973,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Would you rather spend time trying to write detections for ",{"data":4975,"marks":4976,"value":4978,"nodeType":864},{},[4977],{"type":899},"modern browser-based attacks",{"data":4980,"marks":4981,"value":4982,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by …",{"data":4984,"content":4985,"nodeType":941},{},[4986,5001,5019],{"data":4987,"content":4988,"nodeType":945},{},[4989],{"data":4990,"content":4991,"nodeType":860},{},[4992,4996],{"data":4993,"marks":4994,"value":4995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Combing through MITRE looking for techniques that you can write detections on, only to find you have",{"data":4997,"marks":4998,"value":5000,"nodeType":864},{},[4999],{"type":899}," little useful telemetry from your typical sources.",{"data":5002,"content":5003,"nodeType":945},{},[5004],{"data":5005,"content":5006,"nodeType":860},{},[5007,5011,5016],{"data":5008,"marks":5009,"value":5010,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Curating a list of malicious domain IOCs extracted from endless TI pieces, only to ",{"data":5012,"marks":5013,"value":5015,"nodeType":864},{},[5014],{"type":899},"never see a single one of them match",{"data":5017,"marks":5018,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5020,"content":5021,"nodeType":945},{},[5022],{"data":5023,"content":5024,"nodeType":860},{},[5025,5030],{"data":5026,"marks":5027,"value":5029,"nodeType":864},{},[5028],{"type":899},"Just giving up and blocking a bunch of domains or IPs",{"data":5031,"marks":5032,"value":5033,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from every TI feed you come across, while quietly weeping.",{"data":5035,"content":5036,"nodeType":860},{},[5037],{"data":5038,"marks":5039,"value":5040,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Or … ",{"data":5042,"content":5043,"nodeType":941},{},[5044],{"data":5045,"content":5046,"nodeType":945},{},[5047],{"data":5048,"content":5049,"nodeType":860},{},[5050],{"data":5051,"marks":5052,"value":5053,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Inherit constantly evolving detections validated across 3 million-plus browsers, tuned to remove false positives, informed by human threat researchers, and tailored to the known and not-yet-known threats that target account compromise and malware delivery via the browser.",{"data":5055,"content":5056,"nodeType":860},{},[5057,5061,5070],{"data":5058,"marks":5059,"value":5060,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At Push, we’ve built an ",{"data":5062,"content":5064,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5063},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline",[5065],{"data":5066,"marks":5067,"value":5069,"nodeType":864},{},[5068],{"type":1455},"agentic threat hunting and detection engineering pipeline",{"data":5071,"marks":5072,"value":5073,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to take that first set of onerous tasks off your plate. The result is a process that looks a lot like the ideal described in detection engineering maturity models, achieved without any extra headcount or subject matter expertise on your team, and scaled to meet the speed and complexity of our current era of AI-enabled adversaries.",{"data":5075,"content":5076,"nodeType":860},{},[5077],{"data":5078,"marks":5079,"value":5080,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s take a look at how the pipeline delivers a collective good by identifying emerging threats or new technique variants in a single customer environment and then delivering detections to everyone.",{"data":5082,"content":5086,"nodeType":996},{"target":5083},{"sys":5084},{"id":5085,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"sN6q7oEwYyJTkXxyLb81m",[],{"data":5088,"content":5089,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":5091,"content":5092,"nodeType":1009},{},[5093],{"data":5094,"marks":5095,"value":5096,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why detection engineering from TI is hard — and why AI-enabled attacks are making it even harder",{"data":5098,"content":5099,"nodeType":860},{},[5100],{"data":5101,"marks":5102,"value":5103,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detection engineers feel the pain that Beethoven must have felt when he got the critique: “There are just too many notes!”",{"data":5105,"content":5106,"nodeType":860},{},[5107,5111,5116,5120,5129],{"data":5108,"marks":5109,"value":5110,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Except where notes = threat intelligence, light on the ",{"data":5112,"marks":5113,"value":5115,"nodeType":864},{},[5114],{"type":2246},"intelligence",{"data":5117,"marks":5118,"value":5119,"nodeType":864},{},[],". (For a great unpacking of what’s hard about transforming TI into detections, check out this ",{"data":5121,"content":5123,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5122},"https://medium.com/anton-on-security/detection-engineering-is-painful-and-it-shouldnt-be-part-1-3641d8740458",[5124],{"data":5125,"marks":5126,"value":5128,"nodeType":864},{},[5127],{"type":1455},"blog series",{"data":5130,"marks":5131,"value":5132,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from Anton Chuvakin and his Google security colleagues from 2023. The challenge has only gotten harder since then!)",{"data":5134,"content":5135,"nodeType":860},{},[5136],{"data":5137,"marks":5138,"value":5139,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In short, there is too much potential TI, too little actionable detail, and a dearth of useful business-relevant context.",{"data":5141,"content":5142,"nodeType":860},{},[5143],{"data":5144,"marks":5145,"value":5146,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This often manifests as:",{"data":5148,"content":5149,"nodeType":941},{},[5150,5178,5197],{"data":5151,"content":5152,"nodeType":945},{},[5153],{"data":5154,"content":5155,"nodeType":860},{},[5156,5161,5165,5174],{"data":5157,"marks":5158,"value":5160,"nodeType":864},{},[5159],{"type":899},"Feeling constantly behind the threat landscape. ",{"data":5162,"marks":5163,"value":5164,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SANS Institute’s ",{"data":5166,"content":5168,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5167},"https://www.sans.org/white-papers/state-detection-engineering-2026",[5169],{"data":5170,"marks":5171,"value":5173,"nodeType":864},{},[5172],{"type":1455},"State of Detection Engineering 2026",{"data":5175,"marks":5176,"value":5177,"nodeType":864},{},[]," report found that only 18% of practitioners feel like they’re staying ahead; 56% report barely keeping pace.",{"data":5179,"content":5180,"nodeType":945},{},[5181],{"data":5182,"content":5183,"nodeType":860},{},[5184,5188,5193],{"data":5185,"marks":5186,"value":5187,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Access to a huge amount of potential TI, but ",{"data":5189,"marks":5190,"value":5192,"nodeType":864},{},[5191],{"type":899},"lacking the time, context, and tools needed to parse the data",{"data":5194,"marks":5195,"value":5196,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for threats that matter to the business.",{"data":5198,"content":5199,"nodeType":945},{},[5200],{"data":5201,"content":5202,"nodeType":860},{},[5203,5207,5212],{"data":5204,"marks":5205,"value":5206,"nodeType":864},{},[],"More information on IOCs than TTPs, leading to ",{"data":5208,"marks":5209,"value":5211,"nodeType":864},{},[5210],{"type":899},"ever-growing blocklists and attacks that still slip through",{"data":5213,"marks":5214,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5216,"content":5217,"nodeType":860},{},[5218],{"data":5219,"marks":5220,"value":5221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As AI-enabled adversaries continue to make it increasingly trivial to rotate infrastructure or abuse trusted services and workflows to deliver modern attacks, the hill gets steeper. ",{"data":5223,"content":5227,"nodeType":996},{"target":5224},{"sys":5225},{"id":5226,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4xlCsISP3OT9MAj3wxw67D",[],{"data":5229,"content":5230,"nodeType":860},{},[5231],{"data":5232,"marks":5233,"value":5234,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the case of attacks that target employees via the browser — using advanced phishing methods, commercial toolkits, abuse of OAuth, abuse of trusted services to deliver phishing lures, etc. — most security teams are also working without the right foundational visibility to even begin to mature their detection process against these TTPs.",{"data":5236,"content":5237,"nodeType":860},{},[5238],{"data":5239,"marks":5240,"value":5241,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The missing input is visibility at the layer where these attacks actually execute — the browser session. Without it, detection engineering for browser-based threats is painful guesswork.",{"data":5243,"content":5244,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":5246,"content":5247,"nodeType":1009},{},[5248],{"data":5249,"marks":5250,"value":5251,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How Push operationalized best practices for hunting from TI using agents",{"data":5253,"content":5254,"nodeType":860},{},[5255],{"data":5256,"marks":5257,"value":5258,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In building our agentic threat hunting and detection engineering pipeline at Push, we set out to solve many of the same problems that any security team faces when maturing its processes:",{"data":5260,"content":5261,"nodeType":941},{},[5262,5272,5282],{"data":5263,"content":5264,"nodeType":945},{},[5265],{"data":5266,"content":5267,"nodeType":860},{},[5268],{"data":5269,"marks":5270,"value":5271,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How to transform TI into technique-level intel we could write durable detections for across a wide customer base at scale?",{"data":5273,"content":5274,"nodeType":945},{},[5275],{"data":5276,"content":5277,"nodeType":860},{},[5278],{"data":5279,"marks":5280,"value":5281,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How to create structured internal knowledge to add context to our detection engineering process that validates the relevance of what we find?",{"data":5283,"content":5284,"nodeType":945},{},[5285],{"data":5286,"content":5287,"nodeType":860},{},[5288],{"data":5289,"marks":5290,"value":5291,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How to verify what’s worthwhile to hunt for, remove false positives, and understand the value of a detection for a specific TTP across an install base of more than 3 million browsers?",{"data":5293,"content":5294,"nodeType":860},{},[5295,5299,5308],{"data":5296,"marks":5297,"value":5298,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The process we created looks a lot like the ",{"data":5300,"content":5302,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5301},"https://medium.com/anton-on-security/blueprint-for-threat-intel-to-detection-flow-part-7-088024be08dd",[5303],{"data":5304,"marks":5305,"value":5307,"nodeType":864},{},[5306],{"type":1455},"best practices",{"data":5309,"marks":5310,"value":5311,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on how to turn intelligence into meaningful detections. The difference is that agents let us run this process continuously and at a scale that would be impossible to achieve with human analysts alone.",{"data":5313,"content":5314,"nodeType":860},{},[5315,5320],{"data":5316,"marks":5317,"value":5319,"nodeType":864},{},[5318],{"type":899},"It starts with ingestion. ",{"data":5321,"marks":5322,"value":5323,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An agent tasked with TI aggregation monitors multiple industry sources — vendor reports, researcher disclosures, campaign teardowns — and filters for intelligence relevant to browser-based attack techniques. ",{"data":5325,"content":5329,"nodeType":996},{"target":5326},{"sys":5327},{"id":5328,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7fsLEGUbOINll70ViNVVkI",[],{"data":5331,"content":5332,"nodeType":860},{},[5333],{"data":5334,"marks":5335,"value":5336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because this agent already understands the types of attacks and scenarios that matter to Push’s detection surface, it can distinguish signal from noise at the intake stage, flagging useful intel and proposing initial lightweight hunts based on the browser metadata Push can observe. When a potential hunt looks promising, the aggregation agent hands off to a deeper analysis agent to extract what’s actually huntable.",{"data":5338,"content":5342,"nodeType":996},{"target":5339},{"sys":5340},{"id":5341,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5vyeALIziHamJ0cLiGMdGk",[],{"data":5344,"content":5345,"nodeType":860},{},[5346,5351],{"data":5347,"marks":5348,"value":5350,"nodeType":864},{},[5349],{"type":899},"That extraction step is where a general TI feed becomes something you can build detections from. ",{"data":5352,"marks":5353,"value":5354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Agents built on frontier models have a deep understanding of web programming languages and browser workflows can decompose the intelligence into its meaningful atomic units — the specific behavioral patterns that distinguish a malicious technique from normal browser activity. ",{"data":5356,"content":5357,"nodeType":860},{},[5358],{"data":5359,"marks":5360,"value":5361,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They compare those patterns against everything the Push browser agent can observe: tabs, windows, navigation events, downloads, network requests, DOM content, script execution. Then they discard anything too broad — observable events that are commonplace, even when connected to a malicious TTP — to avoid false positives. ",{"data":5363,"content":5364,"nodeType":860},{},[5365,5369,5378],{"data":5366,"marks":5367,"value":5368,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What survives is one or more huntable technique signatures that can be identified with a high true positive rate. This is the ",{"data":5370,"content":5372,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5371},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-pyramid-of-pain-in-the-ai-era",[5373],{"data":5374,"marks":5375,"value":5377,"nodeType":864},{},[5376],{"type":1455},"Pyramid of Pain principle",{"data":5379,"marks":5380,"value":5381,"nodeType":864},{},[]," operationalized at machine speed: Target the technique, not the indicator, because techniques are genuinely hard for attackers to change.",{"data":5383,"content":5387,"nodeType":996},{"target":5384},{"sys":5385},{"id":5386,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5j0mvdIMkaUwDgCu0nOqSm",[],{"data":5389,"content":5390,"nodeType":860},{},[5391,5396],{"data":5392,"marks":5393,"value":5395,"nodeType":864},{},[5394],{"type":899},"In parallel, the pipeline validates whether the identified technique is genuinely novel or a variant of something Push already detects. ",{"data":5397,"marks":5398,"value":5399,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where our internal knowledge base comes into play. Built over three years by Push’s in-house research team and augmented continuously by the pipeline itself, it represents what Push knows about browser-based attack behaviors — a structured corpus of TTPs that lets agents classify incoming intelligence as new territory, a known variant that needs a refined detection, or something already covered. That classification determines what happens next: A net-new technique triggers a full hunt; a known variant triggers a refinement cycle; and a duplicate gets deprioritized.",{"data":5401,"content":5402,"nodeType":860},{},[5403,5408],{"data":5404,"marks":5405,"value":5407,"nodeType":864},{},[5406],{"type":899},"The hunt itself is where hypothesis meets evidence.",{"data":5409,"marks":5410,"value":5411,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Agents develop a specific, testable prediction about what the technique looks like in browser telemetry, then validate that prediction across Push’s install base. The aim of the initial hunt is to identify any potential false positives — legitimate browser behavior that matches the pattern. Then the agents refine: adjusting the query, narrowing the behavioral fingerprints, testing again. Each iteration sharpens the detection until the false positive rate drops to a negligible, tolerable level. ",{"data":5413,"content":5414,"nodeType":860},{},[5415],{"data":5416,"marks":5417,"value":5418,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The hunts that produce relevant, high-confidence results become continuous queries — a kind of early warning system for emerging threats we’re actively watching for and learning about. The most useful and reliable of those queries become production detections that protect every Push customer in real time. ",{"data":5420,"content":5424,"nodeType":996},{"target":5421},{"sys":5422},{"id":5423,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"h3MN5kaaGGuL4uvNsP9JZ",[],{"data":5426,"content":5427,"nodeType":860},{},[5428,5433],{"data":5429,"marks":5430,"value":5432,"nodeType":864},{},[5431],{"type":899},"This is what “detect what matters” looks like as an engineering discipline. ",{"data":5434,"marks":5435,"value":5436,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By the time the agents have whittled down millions or trillions of browser events into a good hunt query — where good means broad enough to cast a usefully wide net for variations — and then tuned that further into a high-fidelity detection, the result is fewer, sharper detections by design. And because Push detects at the browser session layer before a user can interact with a malicious page, almost all of those detections fire pre-compromise. ",{"data":5438,"content":5439,"nodeType":860},{},[5440,5444,5449],{"data":5441,"marks":5442,"value":5443,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same 2026 SANS survey mentioned earlier found that ",{"data":5445,"marks":5446,"value":5448,"nodeType":864},{},[5447],{"type":899},"66% of SOC practitioners cite vendor-provided rules as their primary source of false positives",{"data":5450,"marks":5451,"value":5452,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a structural problem that persists at every organization size. Push’s pipeline produces the opposite outcome: better detections, less noise.",{"data":5454,"content":5455,"nodeType":860},{},[5456,5461],{"data":5457,"marks":5458,"value":5460,"nodeType":864},{},[5459],{"type":899},"The result is a system with two learning loops.",{"data":5462,"marks":5463,"value":5464,"nodeType":864},{},[]," An inner loop handles real-time detection and response for known attacker techniques — the production detections already deployed across the customer base. An outer loop handles continuous discovery — agents hunting for new techniques, refining existing detections, and ingesting external intelligence. ",{"data":5466,"content":5467,"nodeType":860},{},[5468,5473],{"data":5469,"marks":5470,"value":5472,"nodeType":864},{},[5471],{"type":899},"Each loop feeds the other:",{"data":5474,"marks":5475,"value":5476,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The outer loop’s discoveries become the inner loop’s new production detections, and the inner loop’s blocked attacks become raw material for the outer loop to analyze for novel variants. The knowledge base that both loops draw on grows with every cycle, which means the pipeline's detection coverage compounds at roughly the rate the threat landscape grows more complex.",{"data":5478,"content":5482,"nodeType":996},{"target":5479},{"sys":5480},{"id":5481,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3xVLn9Ldk4cOP4uFYIYyM",[],{"data":5484,"content":5485,"nodeType":860},{},[5486],{"data":5487,"marks":5488,"value":5489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And every validated detection produced by this process, whether it originated from a blocked attack in one customer’s environment, a proactive hunt across the telemetry corpus, or a vendor report about a campaign Push has never observed on customer estates, deploys to the entire customer base.",{"data":5491,"content":5492,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":5494,"content":5495,"nodeType":1009},{},[5496],{"data":5497,"marks":5498,"value":5499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Herd immunity, without all the breaches to get there",{"data":5501,"content":5502,"nodeType":860},{},[5503],{"data":5504,"marks":5505,"value":5506,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That last point is where Push’s idea of herd immunity diverges from the traditional definition.",{"data":5508,"content":5509,"nodeType":860},{},[5510,5514,5519],{"data":5511,"marks":5512,"value":5513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detection and response platforms and MDR services commonly describe a ",{"data":5515,"marks":5516,"value":5518,"nodeType":864},{},[5517],{"type":899},"herd immunity benefit",{"data":5520,"marks":5521,"value":5522,"nodeType":864},{},[],": What one customer encounters, every customer gets protection against. The mechanism is real, but the learning input is typically a breach or a compromise. Someone has to be the first victim.",{"data":5524,"content":5525,"nodeType":860},{},[5526],{"data":5527,"marks":5528,"value":5530,"nodeType":864},{},[5529],{"type":899},"Push’s approach is different. ",{"data":5532,"content":5533,"nodeType":860},{},[5534],{"data":5535,"marks":5536,"value":5537,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern browser-based attacks frequently rely on a series of techniques strung together to achieve a compromise. From its vantage point in the browser, Push catches many novel techniques with existing detections pre-compromise because it recognizes a portion of the attack techniques in the chain. The detection process then identifies what’s new about a previously unseen variation of a known TTP — perhaps an evasion technique the kit hadn’t used before, an unusual lure or infrastructure pattern, etc. ",{"data":5539,"content":5540,"nodeType":860},{},[5541],{"data":5542,"marks":5543,"value":5545,"nodeType":864},{},[5544],{"type":899},"The detection gets better for customers and no one was compromised to get there.",{"data":5547,"content":5548,"nodeType":860},{},[5549],{"data":5550,"marks":5551,"value":5552,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the external intelligence side, the pipeline ingests published research about a campaign Push has never observed, extracts the durable behavioral characteristics, validates them against browser telemetry, refines the query to tune out false positives, and ships detections before the technique is ever used against a Push customer. The protection arrives ahead of the attack.",{"data":5554,"content":5555,"nodeType":860},{},[5556,5560,5569,5572,5581,5584,5591],{"data":5557,"marks":5558,"value":5559,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are the processes behind Push’s identification of ",{"data":5561,"content":5563,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5562},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix",[5564],{"data":5565,"marks":5566,"value":5568,"nodeType":864},{},[5567],{"type":1455},"ConsentFix",{"data":5570,"marks":5571,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5573,"content":5575,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5574},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/installfix",[5576],{"data":5577,"marks":5578,"value":5580,"nodeType":864},{},[5579],{"type":1455},"InstallFix",{"data":5582,"marks":5583,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5585,"content":5586,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1543},[5587],{"data":5588,"marks":5589,"value":1555,"nodeType":864},{},[5590],{"type":1455},{"data":5592,"marks":5593,"value":5594,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — three browser-based attack techniques Push's team discovered or documented for the first time. In several cases, detections were blocking active campaigns against Push customers before the technique had been publicly documented. Those detections rolled out to every customer within hours or days of first observation.",{"data":5596,"content":5597,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":5599,"content":5600,"nodeType":1009},{},[5601],{"data":5602,"marks":5603,"value":5604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Outcomes: By the numbers",{"data":5606,"content":5607,"nodeType":860},{},[5608],{"data":5609,"marks":5610,"value":5611,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Looking at the quantifiable outcomes of this agentic threat hunting capability over the last few months, the benefits for customers become clear.",{"data":5613,"content":5617,"nodeType":996},{"target":5614},{"sys":5615},{"id":5616,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7uNrNGUjjBiG9qEsfen7Xi",[],{"data":5619,"content":5620,"nodeType":1312},{},[5621],{"data":5622,"marks":5623,"value":5624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Velocity",{"data":5626,"content":5627,"nodeType":860},{},[5628],{"data":5629,"marks":5630,"value":5631,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Agents allow us to massively scale our research expertise, delivering detections for emerging threats or new variants much faster than humans alone can.",{"data":5633,"content":5634,"nodeType":860},{},[5635,5639,5644],{"data":5636,"marks":5637,"value":5638,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This year already, we’ve ",{"data":5640,"marks":5641,"value":5643,"nodeType":864},{},[5642],{"type":899},"tripled",{"data":5645,"marks":5646,"value":5647,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the number of new detections shipped to customers.",{"data":5649,"content":5650,"nodeType":860},{},[5651,5655,5660],{"data":5652,"marks":5653,"value":5654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve also reduced the time it takes to ship production-ready detections for new threats from weeks to ",{"data":5656,"marks":5657,"value":5659,"nodeType":864},{},[5658],{"type":899},"minutes",{"data":5661,"marks":5662,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5664,"content":5665,"nodeType":1312},{},[5666],{"data":5667,"marks":5668,"value":5669,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detection coverage",{"data":5671,"content":5672,"nodeType":860},{},[5673,5677,5682],{"data":5674,"marks":5675,"value":5676,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With that scaled expertise comes broad coverage. We perform an average of ",{"data":5678,"marks":5679,"value":5681,"nodeType":864},{},[5680],{"type":899},"300+ hunts",{"data":5683,"marks":5684,"value":5685,"nodeType":864},{},[]," a month (a mix of live queries for identified TTPs we’re looking for, plus net-new hunts for emerging threats we identify in any given month).",{"data":5687,"content":5688,"nodeType":860},{},[5689],{"data":5690,"marks":5691,"value":5692,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A few other metrics that demonstrate the scale of our detection coverage:",{"data":5694,"content":5695,"nodeType":941},{},[5696,5711,5726],{"data":5697,"content":5698,"nodeType":945},{},[5699],{"data":5700,"content":5701,"nodeType":860},{},[5702,5707],{"data":5703,"marks":5704,"value":5706,"nodeType":864},{},[5705],{"type":899},"75+",{"data":5708,"marks":5709,"value":5710,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacker tools documented in our KB so far",{"data":5712,"content":5713,"nodeType":945},{},[5714],{"data":5715,"content":5716,"nodeType":860},{},[5717,5722],{"data":5718,"marks":5719,"value":5721,"nodeType":864},{},[5720],{"type":899},"25+",{"data":5723,"marks":5724,"value":5725,"nodeType":864},{},[]," variants of existing attacks we’ve identified and shipped detections for",{"data":5727,"content":5728,"nodeType":945},{},[5729],{"data":5730,"content":5731,"nodeType":860},{},[5732,5737],{"data":5733,"marks":5734,"value":5736,"nodeType":864},{},[5735],{"type":899},"10,000+",{"data":5738,"marks":5739,"value":5740,"nodeType":864},{},[]," monthly sessions analyzed",{"data":5742,"content":5743,"nodeType":1312},{},[5744],{"data":5745,"marks":5746,"value":5747,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Protection from emerging threats",{"data":5749,"content":5750,"nodeType":860},{},[5751,5755,5760],{"data":5752,"marks":5753,"value":5754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the emerging threat side, our team was the first to identify or document ",{"data":5756,"marks":5757,"value":5759,"nodeType":864},{},[5758],{"type":899},"three new browser-based attack techniques",{"data":5761,"marks":5762,"value":5763,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — ConsentFix, InstallFix, and LLMShare — shipping detections to all customers quickly after identification.",{"data":5765,"content":5766,"nodeType":860},{},[5767],{"data":5768,"marks":5769,"value":5770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In that same time frame, we’ve also:",{"data":5772,"content":5773,"nodeType":941},{},[5774,5801],{"data":5775,"content":5776,"nodeType":945},{},[5777],{"data":5778,"content":5779,"nodeType":860},{},[5780,5784,5789,5792,5797],{"data":5781,"marks":5782,"value":5783,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Protected ",{"data":5785,"marks":5786,"value":5788,"nodeType":864},{},[5787],{"type":899},"60+",{"data":5790,"marks":5791,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5793,"marks":5794,"value":5796,"nodeType":864},{},[5795],{"type":899},"customers in the last 3 months",{"data":5798,"marks":5799,"value":5800,"nodeType":864},{},[]," who’ve been targeted with novel phishing techniques — identifying never-before-seen techniques, lures, delivery mechanisms, interactions, tools, or attack chains",{"data":5802,"content":5803,"nodeType":945},{},[5804],{"data":5805,"content":5806,"nodeType":860},{},[5807,5811,5816],{"data":5808,"marks":5809,"value":5810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevented ",{"data":5812,"marks":5813,"value":5815,"nodeType":864},{},[5814],{"type":899},"225+",{"data":5817,"marks":5818,"value":5819,"nodeType":864},{},[]," instances of threats pre-compromise for novel techniques",{"data":5821,"content":5822,"nodeType":860},{},[5823],{"data":5824,"marks":5825,"value":5826,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In all of the above situations, Push customers didn’t have to do anything — no combing through TI to find relevant details, no writing their own detections and tuning out false positives, or spending cycles to unpack a particularly knotty attack chain that used techniques they had never seen before. ",{"data":5828,"content":5829,"nodeType":860},{},[5830],{"data":5831,"marks":5832,"value":5834,"nodeType":864},{},[5833],{"type":899},"That’s what operationalized intelligence looks like at scale, delivered as a product, not a project.",{"data":5836,"content":5837,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":5839,"content":5840,"nodeType":1009},{},[5841],{"data":5842,"marks":5843,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":5845,"content":5846,"nodeType":860},{},[5847],{"data":5848,"marks":5849,"value":5850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same foundational capabilities that enable this agentic threat hunting pipeline also deliver other security outcomes for Push customers: gaining visibility and control over AI tool usage; hardening identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and supporting data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can’t see.",{"data":5852,"content":5853,"nodeType":860},{},[5854,5858,5866],{"data":5855,"marks":5856,"value":5857,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’d like to learn more, ",{"data":5859,"content":5860,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[5861],{"data":5862,"marks":5863,"value":5865,"nodeType":864},{},[5864],{"type":1455},"book a demo",{"data":5867,"marks":5868,"value":5869,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with our team.",{"entries":5871},{"hyperlink":5872,"inline":5873,"block":5874},[],[],[5875,5889,5912,5919,5946,5953,5959,5966],{"sys":5876,"__typename":1740,"content":5877,"name":5888,"title":59},{"id":5085},{"json":5878},{"nodeType":856,"data":5879,"content":5880},{},[5881],{"nodeType":860,"data":5882,"content":5883},{},[5884],{"nodeType":864,"value":5885,"marks":5886,"data":5887},"This is Part 1 of a two-part series. In Part 2, we’ll cover a case study of an agentic threat hunt in detail.",[],{},"Herd Immunity IB3",{"sys":5890,"__typename":1740,"content":5891,"name":5911,"title":59},{"id":5226},{"json":5892},{"nodeType":856,"data":5893,"content":5894},{},[5895],{"nodeType":860,"data":5896,"content":5897},{},[5898,5902,5907],{"nodeType":864,"value":5899,"marks":5900,"data":5901},"Spamhaus has found that ",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":5903,"marks":5904,"data":5906},"89% of phishing domains are active for less than 2 days",[5905],{"type":899},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":5908,"marks":5909,"data":5910},", with just 6.5% surviving for more than 15 days, making it increasingly difficult to rely on blocking known-bad URLs when most phishing attacks are essentially now a zero-day. (And in our experience, any phishing domains still up past a couple of days are just the remnants of a dead campaign that you’ll never see again.)",[],{},"Herd Immunity IB1",{"sys":5913,"__typename":1724,"title":5914,"caption":5914,"layoutMode":59,"file":5915},{"id":5328},"Initial analysis of a TI post by Push agents that triggers intel ingestion, checking for potentially huntable elements relevant to Push’s detection capabilities",{"url":5916,"width":5917,"height":5918},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/77Bkzr6PPJSB90xp4sEp5o/d3a8a4ce568fd39a6f54d6c031c4affd/image4.png",614,375,{"sys":5920,"__typename":1740,"content":5921,"name":5945,"title":59},{"id":5341},{"json":5922},{"nodeType":856,"data":5923,"content":5924},{},[5925],{"nodeType":860,"data":5926,"content":5927},{},[5928,5932,5941],{"nodeType":864,"value":5929,"marks":5930,"data":5931},"While Push uses commercial AI models, that’s not actually where the value is derived for our agentic threat hunting process — rather, it’s all about our browser telemetry. We wrote more about this in ",[],{},{"nodeType":883,"data":5933,"content":5935},{"uri":5934},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-you-cant-vibecode-an-ai-driven-threat-hunting-pipeline",[5936],{"nodeType":864,"value":5937,"marks":5938,"data":5940},"why you can’t vibecode your own AI-driven threat hunting pipeline",[5939],{"type":1455},{},{"nodeType":864,"value":5942,"marks":5943,"data":5944},". ",[],{},"Herd Immunity IB2",{"sys":5947,"__typename":1724,"title":5948,"caption":5948,"layoutMode":59,"file":5949},{"id":5386},"After reviewing intel, Push agents extract the most likely high-fidelity behavioral indicators of an attack technique and propose some hunt queries",{"url":5950,"width":5951,"height":5952},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3d4gGhPPDix4iiqSuIgXFV/6549a9e414b38a89a5724930339c3c2e/image2.png",1842,804,{"sys":5954,"__typename":1724,"title":5955,"caption":5955,"layoutMode":59,"file":5956},{"id":5423},"A glimpse into the reasoning process of the hunt agents, clustering results for efficient analysis before suggesting query refinements",{"url":5957,"width":1736,"height":5958},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4C3ZgBknBiidR5Di147Z5x/ebe51fe33e62f575e8e0870cf86024ab/image5.png",918,{"sys":5960,"__typename":1724,"title":5961,"caption":5961,"layoutMode":59,"file":5962},{"id":5481},"Two learning loops for known and unknown threats create a compounding effect for Push’s ability to defend against browser-based attacks",{"url":5963,"width":5964,"height":5965},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3sF0vK2krcVFYwod8Mii44/db0067eb55c2c948e0230452d299ae76/image1.png",1200,900,{"sys":5967,"__typename":1724,"title":5968,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":5969},{"id":5616},"Agentic Detection Infographic ",{"url":5970,"width":5971,"height":5972},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2JYaJir7p8L13Tl6jSqBk6/0db8b9b445c179bc54fe8209435cbd34/Agentic_Detection_Infographic_1__8_.png",3840,2160,{"items":5974},[],{},"Building herd immunity through agentic detections with Push","thought-leadership","2026-07-23T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":5980},[5981,6939,7718],{"__typename":2059,"sys":5982,"content":5984,"title":6922,"synopsis":6923,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":6924,"slug":6925,"tagsCollection":6926,"authorsCollection":6935},{"id":5983},"1jfqiWQlL6qkn3i9yjNbFB",{"json":5985},{"data":5986,"content":5987,"nodeType":856},{},[5988,5995,6016,6028,6035,6043,6050,6073,6080,6087,6094,6106,6112,6115,6123,6138,6159,6270,6276,6283,6289,6297,6304,6316,6323,6329,6336,6360,6367,6374,6380,6383,6391,6398,6406,6413,6429,6436,6443,6451,6458,6465,6473,6480,6487,6490,6498,6505,6513,6520,6527,6534,6541,6549,6556,6588,6595,6602,6608,6615,6623,6630,6708,6714,6722,6738,6745,6751,6758,6774,6777,6785,6792,6799,6805,6812,6856,6863,6870,6877,6883,6886,6894,6900,6906],{"data":5989,"content":5990,"nodeType":860},{},[5991],{"data":5992,"marks":5993,"value":5994,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In March, our threat hunting engine flagged something it hadn’t seen before.",{"data":5996,"content":5997,"nodeType":860},{},[5998,6002,6012],{"data":5999,"marks":6000,"value":6001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our research team had already been tracking the growing use of ",{"data":6003,"content":6007,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6004},{"sys":6005},{"id":6006,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2U6QpQ9rkY8x5ES48okHZB",[6008],{"data":6009,"marks":6010,"value":441,"nodeType":864},{},[],"entry-hyperlink",{"data":6013,"marks":6014,"value":6015,"nodeType":864},{},[]," tied to phishing campaigns. Malvertising frequently targets users via Google Search results, inserting malicious ads or redirects in place of legitimate ads, and using the familiar context of the search results page to trick users into clicking.",{"data":6017,"content":6018,"nodeType":860},{},[6019,6023],{"data":6020,"marks":6021,"value":6022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To defend Push customers against this threat, we needed a way to spot malicious activity arising from clicking on Google ads. ",{"data":6024,"marks":6025,"value":6027,"nodeType":864},{},[6026],{"type":2246},"But how to separate signal from noise?",{"data":6029,"content":6030,"nodeType":860},{},[6031],{"data":6032,"marks":6033,"value":6034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our hunt combined the skills of human researchers and AI agents to find 12 meaningful results from trillions of browser events visible to the Push extension across our install base.",{"data":6036,"content":6037,"nodeType":860},{},[6038],{"data":6039,"marks":6040,"value":6042,"nodeType":864},{},[6041],{"type":899},"Of those, one was novel. ",{"data":6044,"content":6045,"nodeType":860},{},[6046],{"data":6047,"marks":6048,"value":6049,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A user had searched for NotebookLM, clicked a paid Google ad, and gotten redirected to a page impersonating NotebookLM. The page itself was just a facade fronting a Cloudflare Pages-hosted phishing kit with a WebAssembly C2 connector. To the user, it looked like a completely on-brand NotebookLM page, and if they had run the fake install prompt, they would have installed malware. (Note: NotebookLM doesn’t even require a local install, but the page was convincing enough — and AI platforms are changing so quickly — that the lure was extremely believable.)",{"data":6051,"content":6052,"nodeType":860},{},[6053,6058,6069],{"data":6054,"marks":6055,"value":6057,"nodeType":864},{},[6056],{"type":899},"We had found our first in-the-wild ",{"data":6059,"content":6063,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6060},{"sys":6061},{"id":6062,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7bG71Eo43crbIHKzczooVS",[6064],{"data":6065,"marks":6066,"value":6068,"nodeType":864},{},[6067],{"type":899},"InstallFix attack",{"data":6070,"marks":6071,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[6072],{"type":899},{"data":6074,"content":6075,"nodeType":860},{},[6076],{"data":6077,"marks":6078,"value":6079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Within minutes, our analysis agents created detections, and researchers shipped a new detection to every Push customer. ",{"data":6081,"content":6082,"nodeType":860},{},[6083],{"data":6084,"marks":6085,"value":6086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Eighteen months ago, it would have taken a human analyst days or even weeks to unpack the attack, comb through web requests, de-obfuscate web code, trace JavaScript execution, and extract signals of tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) beyond short-lived single-use IOCs like domain name, then get their work coded up as a detection and deployed to customers. ",{"data":6088,"content":6089,"nodeType":860},{},[6090],{"data":6091,"marks":6092,"value":6093,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That was viable when new tools or techniques showed up once or twice a quarter. It doesn’t stand a chance when attack evolutions occur weekly or even daily. That’s the reality now with AI-generated adversary tools.",{"data":6095,"content":6096,"nodeType":860},{},[6097,6102],{"data":6098,"marks":6099,"value":6101,"nodeType":864},{},[6100],{"type":899},"So, can AI agents replace human threat researchers?",{"data":6103,"marks":6104,"value":6105,"nodeType":864},{},[]," That’s the wrong question. Can AI agents massively scale the expertise of a seasoned human threat hunter without getting bored of repetitive tasks, missing pertinent but easily overlooked details, or creating operational siloes dependent on one person’s knowledge — and do its work continuously across trillions of data points? Yes, absolutely.",{"data":6107,"content":6111,"nodeType":996},{"target":6108},{"sys":6109},{"id":6110,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3OiZ7BrViCTTMmHUAbloEt",[],{"data":6113,"content":6114,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6116,"content":6117,"nodeType":1009},{},[6118],{"data":6119,"marks":6120,"value":6122,"nodeType":864},{},[6121],{"type":899},"Why scaling browser threat detection requires more than more analysts",{"data":6124,"content":6125,"nodeType":860},{},[6126,6130,6134],{"data":6127,"marks":6128,"value":6129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Already this year, we’ve ",{"data":6131,"marks":6132,"value":5643,"nodeType":864},{},[6133],{"type":899},{"data":6135,"marks":6136,"value":6137,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the cumulative number of detections shipped to Push customers using this pipeline. That output points to the first problem we set out to solve by employing AI agents: Scaling our research team’s considerable expertise.",{"data":6139,"content":6140,"nodeType":860},{},[6141,6145,6155],{"data":6142,"marks":6143,"value":6144,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s R&D team are experts at understanding and unpacking modern browser-based attacks. This is essential when you consider how quickly attacks themselves are evolving. When we created the ",{"data":6146,"content":6150,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6147},{"sys":6148},{"id":6149,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"211Dd0EIrXPOFpvRgs0fEE",[6151],{"data":6152,"marks":6153,"value":6154,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix",{"data":6156,"marks":6157,"value":6158,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in 2023 (then called the SaaS Attacks Matrix), many of the ideas in it were theoretical. Not anymore. ",{"data":6160,"content":6161,"nodeType":941},{},[6162,6172,6196],{"data":6163,"content":6164,"nodeType":945},{},[6165],{"data":6166,"content":6167,"nodeType":860},{},[6168],{"data":6169,"marks":6170,"value":6171,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve tracked the rise of AiTM phish kits from their status as MFA-bypassing novelties to the emergence of an entire criminal ecosystem built around increasingly sophisticated Phishing-as-a-Service tools. ",{"data":6173,"content":6174,"nodeType":945},{},[6175],{"data":6176,"content":6177,"nodeType":860},{},[6178,6182,6192],{"data":6179,"marks":6180,"value":6181,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We imagined the simple but effective power of using device code authorization for phishing three years ago; in the last few months, we’ve detected a 37x increase in ",{"data":6183,"content":6187,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6184},{"sys":6185},{"id":6186,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5DmCqTU2Tg4adYScA5vT2x",[6188],{"data":6189,"marks":6190,"value":6191,"nodeType":864},{},[],"device code phishing attacks",{"data":6193,"marks":6194,"value":6195,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across our install base. ",{"data":6197,"content":6198,"nodeType":945},{},[6199],{"data":6200,"content":6201,"nodeType":860},{},[6202,6206,6215,6219,6228,6232,6242,6245,6253,6256,6266],{"data":6203,"marks":6204,"value":6205,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We were also the first to detect a novel post-authorization attack we dubbed ",{"data":6207,"content":6211,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6208},{"sys":6209},{"id":6210,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"71EaaK7lfl6bQBbkAU0qjv",[6212],{"data":6213,"marks":6214,"value":5568,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6216,"marks":6217,"value":6218,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that combines OAuth consent phishing and ClickFix-style user prompts; reported on the rise of the ridiculously simple yet effective ",{"data":6220,"content":6223,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6221},{"sys":6222},{"id":6062,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[6224],{"data":6225,"marks":6226,"value":6227,"nodeType":864},{},[],"InstallFix technique",{"data":6229,"marks":6230,"value":6231,"nodeType":864},{},[]," described earlier; and detected an array of other ",{"data":6233,"content":6237,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6234},{"sys":6235},{"id":6236,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2YmiesBvJHGw4wiKEKzLUq",[6238],{"data":6239,"marks":6240,"value":6241,"nodeType":864},{},[],"creative",{"data":6243,"marks":6244,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6246,"content":6249,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6247},{"sys":6248},{"id":6006,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[6250],{"data":6251,"marks":6252,"value":520,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6254,"marks":6255,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6257,"content":6261,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6258},{"sys":6259},{"id":6260,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Zosy4SU0LpjlaSWX75peb",[6262],{"data":6263,"marks":6264,"value":6265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"campaigns",{"data":6267,"marks":6268,"value":6269,"nodeType":864},{},[]," tied to malvertising scams.",{"data":6271,"content":6275,"nodeType":996},{"target":6272},{"sys":6273},{"id":6274,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"53U3LHhhHFYnEpShdLmDqs",[],{"data":6277,"content":6278,"nodeType":860},{},[6279],{"data":6280,"marks":6281,"value":6282,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With an agentic approach, we could scale this expertise and reduce the time it takes to go from technique discovery to production-ready detection. This speed is critical now because adversaries are also using AI tools to do their work, exploding the number of trivial-to-rotate indicators of compromise and overwhelming existing detection workflows that lack an equivalent machine speed.",{"data":6284,"content":6288,"nodeType":996},{"target":6285},{"sys":6286},{"id":6287,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1u00uFbC4xsvP9lqahXbgD",[],{"data":6290,"content":6291,"nodeType":1312},{},[6292],{"data":6293,"marks":6294,"value":6296,"nodeType":864},{},[6295],{"type":899},"Scaling behavioral detections, not just making bigger blocklists",{"data":6298,"content":6299,"nodeType":860},{},[6300],{"data":6301,"marks":6302,"value":6303,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But output numbers alone don’t tell the story of successful detections. That’s the other problem we set out to solve at scale: Most secure browser solutions rely on detection logic based on blocking known-bad indicators like domains, IPs, and URLs.",{"data":6305,"content":6306,"nodeType":860},{},[6307,6312],{"data":6308,"marks":6309,"value":6311,"nodeType":864},{},[6310],{"type":899},"If your solution offers 1,000 detections, and they’re all based on known-bad indicators that are easily rotated, then you’ve got 1,000 detections that worked once and will likely never fire again. ",{"data":6313,"marks":6314,"value":6315,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They certainly won’t catch subtle adaptations in adversary techniques that don’t rely on infrastructure changes, which are easy for attackers to swap anyway. ",{"data":6317,"content":6318,"nodeType":860},{},[6319],{"data":6320,"marks":6321,"value":6322,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does it differently. Our detection engine is focused on hunting for tactics, techniques, and procedures: the behavioral fingerprints of an attack, not just the infrastructure it runs on. ",{"data":6324,"content":6328,"nodeType":996},{"target":6325},{"sys":6326},{"id":6327,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5jR3YVUiusHGnXDOyrgYpr",[],{"data":6330,"content":6331,"nodeType":860},{},[6332],{"data":6333,"marks":6334,"value":6335,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of blocking based on known-bad domains, URLs, and IPs, our detections are built around user-level and page-level behaviors like what scripts load, how redirects behave, what events fire, what actions a user takes and what happens next, etc. (In fact, Push detections don’t even use any infrastructure-based IOCs, though customers can write their own custom detections if they have a specific IOC they’re keeping an eye on.)",{"data":6337,"content":6338,"nodeType":860},{},[6339,6344,6355],{"data":6340,"marks":6341,"value":6343,"nodeType":864},{},[6342],{"type":899},"All the detections we write would survive infrastructure rotation by adversaries, and many of our existing detections have caught never-before-seen evolutions in TTPs. That’s because we focus on the top of the ",{"data":6345,"content":6349,"nodeType":6011},{"target":6346},{"sys":6347},{"id":6348,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1qegIy4rMdm5XZXnIEoKpE",[6350],{"data":6351,"marks":6352,"value":6354,"nodeType":864},{},[6353],{"type":899},"Pyramid of Pain",{"data":6356,"marks":6357,"value":6359,"nodeType":864},{},[6358],{"type":899},", the indicators that are hardest for attackers to change.",{"data":6361,"content":6362,"nodeType":860},{},[6363],{"data":6364,"marks":6365,"value":6366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This focus on detecting TTPs has always been our approach. But with the acceleration in both attack types and the ease with which adversaries rotate infrastructure, we needed to build capabilities that scaled our knowledge. ",{"data":6368,"content":6369,"nodeType":860},{},[6370],{"data":6371,"marks":6372,"value":6373,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We did this not by replacing researchers, but by continuously activating their expertise. You can hear what our CEO and Co-founder Adam had to say about this below. ",{"data":6375,"content":6379,"nodeType":996},{"target":6376},{"sys":6377},{"id":6378,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"C9gr4nF3f6CW45Aol9xij",[],{"data":6381,"content":6382,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6384,"content":6385,"nodeType":1009},{},[6386],{"data":6387,"marks":6388,"value":6390,"nodeType":864},{},[6389],{"type":899},"Core principles for agentic threat hunting",{"data":6392,"content":6393,"nodeType":860},{},[6394],{"data":6395,"marks":6396,"value":6397,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Three principles make Push's agentic threat hunting and detection engineering pipeline work:",{"data":6399,"content":6400,"nodeType":1312},{},[6401],{"data":6402,"marks":6403,"value":6405,"nodeType":864},{},[6404],{"type":899},"Context matters more than custom models",{"data":6407,"content":6408,"nodeType":860},{},[6409],{"data":6410,"marks":6411,"value":6412,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re not AI researchers; we’re security researchers — we aren't trying to compete in building the most intelligent models. And in our view, AI models are quickly becoming commoditized like cloud infrastructure, anyway. Luckily, the commercial models today already excel at understanding web code. We just need to harness their power with our expertise.",{"data":6414,"content":6415,"nodeType":860},{},[6416,6420,6425],{"data":6417,"marks":6418,"value":6419,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So at Push, we use a variety of commercial AI models and tools in complementary ways. What matters most is the telemetry they analyze, and that’s where Push’s existing product infrastructure shines: We’re already deployed into over ",{"data":6421,"marks":6422,"value":6424,"nodeType":864},{},[6423],{"type":899},"3 million browsers worldwide",{"data":6426,"marks":6427,"value":6428,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the Push browser extension includes a component that operates as a flight recorder to locally record everything that matters inside a browser session.",{"data":6430,"content":6431,"nodeType":860},{},[6432],{"data":6433,"marks":6434,"value":6435,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This universe of metadata — DOM elements, tab context, script execution, network traffic, user actions, credential entry, etc. — becomes the searchable corpus for hunts. Metadata is stored locally in users’ browsers and only queried during targeted threat hunts. ",{"data":6437,"content":6438,"nodeType":860},{},[6439],{"data":6440,"marks":6441,"value":6442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This approach avoids dragnet collection of sensitive data. Instead, we focus on collecting metadata and distilling that into patterns and insights that provide context for agents to perform their analysis. This means that Push also does not train or fine-tune models on customer data.",{"data":6444,"content":6445,"nodeType":1312},{},[6446],{"data":6447,"marks":6448,"value":6450,"nodeType":864},{},[6449],{"type":899},"Agents are only as good as the context you give them. Good context is researcher-led",{"data":6452,"content":6453,"nodeType":860},{},[6454],{"data":6455,"marks":6456,"value":6457,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI agents don’t know how to identify the TTPs of browser-based attacks until you give them the right context, and Push researchers have spent years unpacking these techniques and tools. Agents at Push consume our internal knowledge base of identified TTPs, and both humans and agents perform meta-analyses to check their work. The agents have access to large libraries of traces of human interactions with real phishing kits. This is a powerful dataset to build on.",{"data":6459,"content":6460,"nodeType":860},{},[6461],{"data":6462,"marks":6463,"value":6464,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we don’t get the results we want from AI models, the question is “What context is it missing? What does our human team know that the agents don’t, and how can we give them that context — do they need data, tools, better workflows?” That closes the gap in performance and keeps quality high.",{"data":6466,"content":6467,"nodeType":1312},{},[6468],{"data":6469,"marks":6470,"value":6472,"nodeType":864},{},[6471],{"type":899},"Integrated architecture that makes agentic AI the throughput layer, not a bolt-on",{"data":6474,"content":6475,"nodeType":860},{},[6476],{"data":6477,"marks":6478,"value":6479,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The constraint we’re trying to break by using AI isn’t knowledge, it’s throughput. Our researchers deeply understand the techniques and tools. An agentic pipeline can apply that understanding continuously across millions of browsers and trillions of events, ingest new external signals, generate hunt hypotheses, triage results, and return only the findings that warrant escalation.",{"data":6481,"content":6482,"nodeType":860},{},[6483],{"data":6484,"marks":6485,"value":6486,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This approach relies on tight integration of our product and our agentic workflows. We’ll take a closer look at that in the next section.",{"data":6488,"content":6489,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6491,"content":6492,"nodeType":1009},{},[6493],{"data":6494,"marks":6495,"value":6497,"nodeType":864},{},[6496],{"type":899},"How the agentic detection pipeline runs",{"data":6499,"content":6500,"nodeType":860},{},[6501],{"data":6502,"marks":6503,"value":6504,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now let’s look at how agentic threat detection actually works, and some of the emerging best practices we’ve identified. We'll cover two example hunts, one initiated autonomously by the agents themselves, and one by our research team. ",{"data":6506,"content":6507,"nodeType":1312},{},[6508],{"data":6509,"marks":6510,"value":6512,"nodeType":864},{},[6511],{"type":899},"Example 1: Autonomous threat hunt",{"data":6514,"content":6515,"nodeType":860},{},[6516],{"data":6517,"marks":6518,"value":6519,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s threat hunting pipeline ingested context from research articles describing a new attack technique, and an agent developed hypotheses on what to hunt for across Push’s install base to identify instances of this attack. ",{"data":6521,"content":6522,"nodeType":860},{},[6523],{"data":6524,"marks":6525,"value":6526,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The agent crafted detection queries and then refined them to reduce false positives. The successful query ran across stored metadata and returned results, validating that there were zero false positives. ",{"data":6528,"content":6529,"nodeType":860},{},[6530],{"data":6531,"marks":6532,"value":6533,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The validated query became a scheduled job that runs on a regular cadence to monitor for potentially malicious signals. A triage agent then received any matches, did an initial analysis, and passed anything that looked suspicious to another agent to perform deeper analysis. This deep analysis agent wields the full investigative toolkit that a human researcher would — using Push’s internal knowledge base, domain age and registration analysis, URLScan and whois lookups, DOM image analysis, and contextual analysis of page-level and user-level behaviors, etc.",{"data":6535,"content":6536,"nodeType":860},{},[6537],{"data":6538,"marks":6539,"value":6540,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Within a few minutes, it can filter a thousand or more signals in a hunt trace down to a handful with meaning and provide an actionable assessment. Then, once the TTP was well-understood, other agents wrote and refined detections that can raise alerts for customers when an event of this type is seen. The Push platform immediately applies the customer’s configured security controls, such as blocking users from interacting with malicious pages.",{"data":6542,"content":6543,"nodeType":1312},{},[6544],{"data":6545,"marks":6546,"value":6548,"nodeType":864},{},[6547],{"type":899},"Example 2: Human-initiated threat hunt",{"data":6550,"content":6551,"nodeType":860},{},[6552],{"data":6553,"marks":6554,"value":6555,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, going back to the example from the beginning of the article: InstallFix. This hunt started with a thorny problem our research team needed to solve: How to detect bad things downstream of a user interacting with a Google ad? We needed a way to pinpoint the bad links from the good ones.",{"data":6557,"content":6558,"nodeType":860},{},[6559,6563,6568,6571,6576,6579,6584],{"data":6560,"marks":6561,"value":6562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our researchers collaborated with agents to formulate the right parameters for hunt queries, taking into account that good ads are normally bought by companies with marketing budgets, so therefore ads will be expected to redirect to pages hosted on custom domains, not shared domains like ",{"data":6564,"marks":6565,"value":6567,"nodeType":864},{},[6566],{"type":899},"*pages.dev",{"data":6569,"marks":6570,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6572,"marks":6573,"value":6575,"nodeType":864},{},[6574],{"type":899},"*workers.dev",{"data":6577,"marks":6578,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6580,"marks":6581,"value":6583,"nodeType":864},{},[6582],{"type":899},"*squarespace.com",{"data":6585,"marks":6586,"value":6587,"nodeType":864},{},[],", etc.",{"data":6589,"content":6590,"nodeType":860},{},[6591],{"data":6592,"marks":6593,"value":6594,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our AI agents already understood key TTPs that indicated potential maliciousness on a page: password prompts, file downloads, OAuth integrations, clipboard copies, and similar user prompts that are frequently abused.",{"data":6596,"content":6597,"nodeType":860},{},[6598],{"data":6599,"marks":6600,"value":6601,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The agent ran several queries that returned matching browsing traces — the term we use for sequences of events in a session or tab context — where the user clicked a Google ad, was redirected to a page on a shared hosting domain, and then clicked a button to copy content to their clipboard.",{"data":6603,"content":6607,"nodeType":996},{"target":6604},{"sys":6605},{"id":6606,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4IWOrWuvbwzWRJUkINiwKH",[],{"data":6609,"content":6610,"nodeType":860},{},[6611],{"data":6612,"marks":6613,"value":6614,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We got back high-fidelity findings and then tuned the query into a continuous detection that leveraged existing detection logic around related techniques. This process also effectively back-tests new detections, so we know we’re not going to generate a lot of false positives. Result: A new detection against a new technique, plus several improvements to existing detections.",{"data":6616,"content":6617,"nodeType":1312},{},[6618],{"data":6619,"marks":6620,"value":6622,"nodeType":864},{},[6621],{"type":899},"What infrastructure is needed for agentic threat hunting?",{"data":6624,"content":6625,"nodeType":860},{},[6626],{"data":6627,"marks":6628,"value":6629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both of these examples illustrate the end-to-end workflows supported by this pipeline. From an infrastructure perspective, you can think about the pipeline as composed of:",{"data":6631,"content":6632,"nodeType":941},{},[6633,6648,6663,6678,6693],{"data":6634,"content":6635,"nodeType":945},{},[6636],{"data":6637,"content":6638,"nodeType":860},{},[6639,6644],{"data":6640,"marks":6641,"value":6643,"nodeType":864},{},[6642],{"type":899},"A flight recorder: ",{"data":6645,"marks":6646,"value":6647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push extension-powered capability that collects and locally stores browser event metadata from users’ browsers.",{"data":6649,"content":6650,"nodeType":945},{},[6651],{"data":6652,"content":6653,"nodeType":860},{},[6654,6659],{"data":6655,"marks":6656,"value":6658,"nodeType":864},{},[6657],{"type":899},"A knowledge base:",{"data":6660,"marks":6661,"value":6662,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Structured knowledge about what Push knows about TTPs and its existing body of detection logic, as well as externally sourced signals of new attack trends.",{"data":6664,"content":6665,"nodeType":945},{},[6666],{"data":6667,"content":6668,"nodeType":860},{},[6669,6674],{"data":6670,"marks":6671,"value":6673,"nodeType":864},{},[6672],{"type":899},"Agents as tools: ",{"data":6675,"marks":6676,"value":6677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Role-segmented agents that work as a team to triage, investigate, develop hunt queries, return analyses, write detections, and review each others’ work for completeness and accuracy.",{"data":6679,"content":6680,"nodeType":945},{},[6681],{"data":6682,"content":6683,"nodeType":860},{},[6684,6689],{"data":6685,"marks":6686,"value":6688,"nodeType":864},{},[6687],{"type":899},"Humans in the loop: ",{"data":6690,"marks":6691,"value":6692,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Human researchers who collaborate with agents to initiate hunts and tune detections.",{"data":6694,"content":6695,"nodeType":945},{},[6696],{"data":6697,"content":6698,"nodeType":860},{},[6699,6704],{"data":6700,"marks":6701,"value":6703,"nodeType":864},{},[6702],{"type":899},"Platform controls: ",{"data":6705,"marks":6706,"value":6707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push administrator-configured controls that specify how to respond to detected events like AiTM phishing, tuneable by scope, user groups, browser profiles, apps, etc.",{"data":6709,"content":6713,"nodeType":996},{"target":6710},{"sys":6711},{"id":6712,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7FY0vCBUXOt4vnudFuKALC",[],{"data":6715,"content":6716,"nodeType":1312},{},[6717],{"data":6718,"marks":6719,"value":6721,"nodeType":864},{},[6720],{"type":899},"What are the best practices for agentic threat detection?",{"data":6723,"content":6724,"nodeType":860},{},[6725,6729,6734],{"data":6726,"marks":6727,"value":6728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be effective, agents must specialize and focus. This is the ",{"data":6730,"marks":6731,"value":6733,"nodeType":864},{},[6732],{"type":899},"agents as tools",{"data":6735,"marks":6736,"value":6737,"nodeType":864},{},[]," concept. When we’re asking AI agents to take massive amounts of data and make a high-level decision about a signal in observed browser events, they must work as a team, finding intelligent ways to condense information without losing important context or hallucinating.",{"data":6739,"content":6740,"nodeType":860},{},[6741],{"data":6742,"marks":6743,"value":6744,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Creating a hierarchy of agent jobs — including agents to perform meta-analyses to catch mistakes and verify conclusions — makes the agents effective by giving them a manageable focus that controls the size of context windows.",{"data":6746,"content":6750,"nodeType":996},{"target":6747},{"sys":6748},{"id":6749,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3fzJCknMUmh4Z7YnhBSbsT",[],{"data":6752,"content":6753,"nodeType":860},{},[6754],{"data":6755,"marks":6756,"value":6757,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Creating an agentic workflow requires operationalizing your internal knowledge in a repeatable and trustworthy way. Sharing rich context from human discoveries is the key to getting the best results out of agents. ",{"data":6759,"content":6760,"nodeType":860},{},[6761,6765,6770],{"data":6762,"marks":6763,"value":6764,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's vital too that the agent uses ",{"data":6766,"marks":6767,"value":6769,"nodeType":864},{},[6768],{"type":899},"privacy-preserving methods and infrastructure.",{"data":6771,"marks":6772,"value":6773,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The Push agent is designed to respect customer and user privacy while enabling high-fidelity detections. We do this by collecting broad browser metadata but storing it locally in users’ browsers and only querying that metadata during active threat hunting investigations.",{"data":6775,"content":6776,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6778,"content":6779,"nodeType":1009},{},[6780],{"data":6781,"marks":6782,"value":6784,"nodeType":864},{},[6783],{"type":899},"The compounding effect and how it benefits Push customers",{"data":6786,"content":6787,"nodeType":860},{},[6788],{"data":6789,"marks":6790,"value":6791,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At Push, we think about our detection capability as two learning loops with a compounding effect: An inner loop that serves as our real-time detection and response engine for known attacker techniques, and an outer loop that is the continuous learning our agents do as they hunt for new threats, analyze emerging behaviors, and create new detections. ",{"data":6793,"content":6794,"nodeType":860},{},[6795],{"data":6796,"marks":6797,"value":6798,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The outer loop feeds the inner loop, and vice versa.",{"data":6800,"content":6804,"nodeType":996},{"target":6801},{"sys":6802},{"id":6803,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1Jjqll7IIX2QRxN37gjFMH",[],{"data":6806,"content":6807,"nodeType":860},{},[6808],{"data":6809,"marks":6810,"value":6811,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Customers benefit from this approach because it means they:",{"data":6813,"content":6814,"nodeType":941},{},[6815,6836,6846],{"data":6816,"content":6817,"nodeType":945},{},[6818],{"data":6819,"content":6820,"nodeType":860},{},[6821,6825,6832],{"data":6822,"marks":6823,"value":6824,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Regularly receive ready-made detections against both known and emerging browser-based threats, without having to write their own detections. (Push also provides the ability to write your own ",{"data":6826,"content":6828,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6827},"/help/audience/engineering/resources/custom-detections",[6829],{"data":6830,"marks":6831,"value":1578,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6833,"marks":6834,"value":6835,"nodeType":864},{},[],", too, for environment-specific use cases.)",{"data":6837,"content":6838,"nodeType":945},{},[6839],{"data":6840,"content":6841,"nodeType":860},{},[6842],{"data":6843,"marks":6844,"value":6845,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Can configure Push’s response actions based on their security goals and environment. Agents act as the threat-hunting and detection engineering team; Push customers set the thresholds for how they want to respond. For example, customers can use Push controls to block all AiTM phishing attacks (or even carve out exceptions for their own incident responders to be able to visit malicious pages with just a warning), and agents continually feed new indicators into detection logic for that class of attack.",{"data":6847,"content":6848,"nodeType":945},{},[6849],{"data":6850,"content":6851,"nodeType":860},{},[6852],{"data":6853,"marks":6854,"value":6855,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get pre-digested and actionable intelligence from every detection, with extremely high fidelity.",{"data":6857,"content":6858,"nodeType":860},{},[6859],{"data":6860,"marks":6861,"value":6862,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This all equates to your own advanced browser threat protection, without requiring the specialized in-house expertise we’ve spent years building.",{"data":6864,"content":6865,"nodeType":860},{},[6866],{"data":6867,"marks":6868,"value":6869,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re a Push customer, you already know that we regularly collaborate with security teams to identify and refine detection use cases, and assist with investigations. In the past few months alone, we’ve worked closely with teams targeted by device code phishing, and InstallFix and ClickFix campaigns, among others. ",{"data":6871,"content":6872,"nodeType":860},{},[6873],{"data":6874,"marks":6875,"value":6876,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re not a customer and are curious about how Push’s agentic threat hunting and detection engineering capabilities can address your use cases, please get in touch.",{"data":6878,"content":6882,"nodeType":996},{"target":6879},{"sys":6880},{"id":6881,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"607jrBjlD1vtcbkDfD04DE",[],{"data":6884,"content":6885,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6887,"content":6888,"nodeType":1009},{},[6889],{"data":6890,"marks":6891,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[6892],{"type":899},"Learn more",{"data":6895,"content":6896,"nodeType":860},{},[6897],{"data":6898,"marks":6899,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6901,"content":6902,"nodeType":860},{},[6903],{"data":6904,"marks":6905,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6907,"content":6908,"nodeType":860},{},[6909,6912,6919],{"data":6910,"marks":6911,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6913,"content":6915,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6914},"/demo",[6916],{"data":6917,"marks":6918,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":6920,"marks":6921,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Can AI replace a threat researcher? What we learned building an agentic threat hunting pipeline","How we built an end-to-end threat hunting and detection engineering capability at Push that uses AI agents as a force multiplier.","2026-05-12T00:00:00.000Z","can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline",{"items":6927},[6928,6932],{"sys":6929,"name":6931},{"id":6930},"6A5RXS31ZQx3PwryGb1IMy","Browser-based attacks",{"sys":6933,"name":342},{"id":6934},"4ksQNCFeBf8H4QIORqpRLw",{"items":6936},[6937],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":6938},{"url":853},{"__typename":2059,"sys":6940,"content":6942,"title":7704,"synopsis":7705,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":7706,"slug":7707,"tagsCollection":7708,"authorsCollection":7714},{"id":6941},"5RDOpmzJolwT1hk0fNIxzf",{"json":6943},{"data":6944,"content":6945,"nodeType":856},{},[6946,6965,6971,6978,6985,6988,6996,7015,7034,7041,7047,7054,7060,7067,7075,7082,7101,7133,7139,7145,7153,7160,7179,7209,7241,7248,7254,7262,7269,7280,7287,7326,7332,7373,7412,7418,7421,7429,7436,7442,7449,7456,7462,7469,7476,7503,7506,7514,7521,7529,7536,7543,7562,7569,7575,7582,7590,7597,7615,7622,7640,7643,7651,7658,7665,7672,7675,7681,7687],{"data":6947,"content":6948,"nodeType":860},{},[6949,6953,6961],{"data":6950,"marks":6951,"value":6952,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Back in 2024, we wrote about ",{"data":6954,"content":6956,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6955},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters/",[6957],{"data":6958,"marks":6959,"value":6960,"nodeType":864},{},[],"how the Pyramid of Pain shapes Push's detection philosophy",{"data":6962,"marks":6963,"value":6964,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — detections targeting indicators that are easy for attackers to change deliver diminishing returns, while detections targeting attacker techniques impose a cost that's hard to absorb. Two years on, every force that made IoC-based detection fragile has intensified.",{"data":6966,"content":6970,"nodeType":996},{"target":6967},{"sys":6968},{"id":6969,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1iuLYxwI8T1wDUIFSom0G0",[],{"data":6972,"content":6973,"nodeType":860},{},[6974],{"data":6975,"marks":6976,"value":6977,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI hasn't introduced a new problem so much as it's compressed the timelines on an existing one — attackers can generate infrastructure, iterate on tooling, and industrialize newly discovered techniques faster than before. The bottom layers of the Pyramid are collapsing under the weight of machine-speed operations, and the middle layers are starting to buckle too.",{"data":6979,"content":6980,"nodeType":860},{},[6981],{"data":6982,"marks":6983,"value":6984,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These changes mean that technique-level detection is more important than ever. In this article, we’ll dig into how the Pyramid is changing, and what this means for our detection philosophy at Push (TL;DR — it reinforces the path we’re already on: building detections at the top of the Pyramid by harnessing browser visibility). ",{"data":6986,"content":6987,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":6989,"content":6990,"nodeType":1009},{},[6991],{"data":6992,"marks":6993,"value":6995,"nodeType":864},{},[6994],{"type":899},"The bottom of the Pyramid was already crumbling",{"data":6997,"content":6998,"nodeType":860},{},[6999,7003,7011],{"data":7000,"marks":7001,"value":7002,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The case against indicator-based detection didn't need AI to be compelling. ",{"data":7004,"content":7006,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7005},"https://www.spamhaus.org/",[7007],{"data":7008,"marks":7009,"value":7010,"nodeType":864},{},[],"89% of phishing domains are active for fewer than two days",{"data":7012,"marks":7013,"value":7014,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with just 6.5% surviving past 15 days — by the time a domain makes it onto a blocklist, the campaign has moved on.",{"data":7016,"content":7017,"nodeType":860},{},[7018,7022,7030],{"data":7019,"marks":7020,"value":7021,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We've ",{"data":7023,"content":7025,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7024},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-most-phishing-attacks-feel-like-a-zero-day/",[7026],{"data":7027,"marks":7028,"value":7029,"nodeType":864},{},[],"written before",{"data":7031,"marks":7032,"value":7033,"nodeType":864},{},[]," about how this makes every phishing attack effectively a zero-day for organizations relying on known-bad detection. The phishing kit's behavior — its page structure, script signatures, malicious payload mechanics — is the only detection target that outlasts a single campaign.",{"data":7035,"content":7036,"nodeType":860},{},[7037],{"data":7038,"marks":7039,"value":7040,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we blogged about the Pyramid of Pain for modern attacks that happen predominantly over the internet, with minimal (or zero) endpoint contact, it first looked like this: ",{"data":7042,"content":7046,"nodeType":996},{"target":7043},{"sys":7044},{"id":7045,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2N04ycJ6RKGfHdX5X1TwU3",[],{"data":7048,"content":7049,"nodeType":860},{},[7050],{"data":7051,"marks":7052,"value":7053,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, it looks more like this:",{"data":7055,"content":7059,"nodeType":996},{"target":7056},{"sys":7057},{"id":7058,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"mfhP4WToOQkrHnVkXU0tX",[],{"data":7061,"content":7062,"nodeType":860},{},[7063],{"data":7064,"marks":7065,"value":7066,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s explore why. ",{"data":7068,"content":7069,"nodeType":1312},{},[7070],{"data":7071,"marks":7072,"value":7074,"nodeType":864},{},[7073],{"type":899},"AI is accelerating phishing rotation and delivery",{"data":7076,"content":7077,"nodeType":860},{},[7078],{"data":7079,"marks":7080,"value":7081,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are harnessing AI at every stage, speeding up the process of creating, rotating, and replacing phishing infrastructure at every level, as well as capitalizing on AI adoption itself to enhance their lures. The operational signature is more domains, shorter lifespans, more variation, and fewer of the reuse patterns that blocklists depend on.",{"data":7083,"content":7084,"nodeType":860},{},[7085,7089,7097],{"data":7086,"marks":7087,"value":7088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers can ",{"data":7090,"content":7092,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7091},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/can-ai-replace-a-threat-researcher-what-we-learned-building-an-agentic-threat-hunting-pipeline/",[7093],{"data":7094,"marks":7095,"value":7096,"nodeType":864},{},[],"vibe-code entire phishing pages in minutes",{"data":7098,"marks":7099,"value":7100,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — not just cloning legitimate login pages but vibe-cloning them, feeding an AI a screenshot and having it rebuild a convincing frontend with a completely unique backend. ",{"data":7102,"content":7103,"nodeType":860},{},[7104,7108,7117,7121,7129],{"data":7105,"marks":7106,"value":7107,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We've seen attackers clone free SaaS tools like background removers and PDF converters, then inject phishing components or ClickFix payloads into what looks like a functional utility. We’ve even seen attackers distributing malware using AI-generated pages shared using ",{"data":7109,"content":7111,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7110},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/llmshare-malvertising-campaign/",[7112],{"data":7113,"marks":7114,"value":7116,"nodeType":864},{},[7115],{"type":1455},"LLM tool sharing functionality",{"data":7118,"marks":7119,"value":7120,"nodeType":864},{},[],", resulting in phishing delivery pages hosted on real claude.ai and chatgpt.com. And legitimate cloud platforms like ",{"data":7122,"content":7124,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7123},"https://www.huntress.com/blog/railway-paas-m365-token-replay-campaign",[7125],{"data":7126,"marks":7127,"value":7128,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Railway",{"data":7130,"marks":7131,"value":7132,"nodeType":864},{},[],", Cloudflare Workers, and Vercel host and dynamically rotate attack infrastructure, so the domains feeding into blocklists often belong to reputable services that can't simply be blocked. ",{"data":7134,"content":7138,"nodeType":996},{"target":7135},{"sys":7136},{"id":7137,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5yoLmqysyQazfzLITCUTfc",[],{"data":7140,"content":7144,"nodeType":996},{"target":7141},{"sys":7142},{"id":7143,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5XK5qZMQU19xlA8L2T5y0Z",[],{"data":7146,"content":7147,"nodeType":1312},{},[7148],{"data":7149,"marks":7150,"value":7152,"nodeType":864},{},[7151],{"type":899},"The kit ecosystem is fragmenting faster than anyone can track",{"data":7154,"content":7155,"nodeType":860},{},[7156],{"data":7157,"marks":7158,"value":7159,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What we see across our install base is a huge and growing variation in phishing kits — new kits, derivative kits of known platforms, derivatives of those derivatives — appearing on a weekly basis.",{"data":7161,"content":7162,"nodeType":860},{},[7163,7167,7175],{"data":7164,"marks":7165,"value":7166,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we reported in our ",{"data":7168,"content":7170,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7169},"https://pushsecurity.com/thank-you/browser-attacks-report",[7171],{"data":7172,"marks":7173,"value":7174,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser Attacks Report",{"data":7176,"marks":7177,"value":7178,"nodeType":864},{},[],", the most common AiTM kits we detected over the last year were Tycoon 2FA (59% of detections), followed by Sneaky 2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx (nominally a red team tool, but widely abused by attackers), NakedPages, Gabagool, and dozens more — but those established names are just the visible layer.",{"data":7180,"content":7181,"nodeType":860},{},[7182,7186,7194,7198,7205],{"data":7183,"marks":7184,"value":7185,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Code is forked, modified, and redeployed across kits in a pattern that ",{"data":7187,"content":7189,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7188},"https://blog.barracuda.com/2026/04/16/threat-spotlight-tycoon-2fa-scattered-everywhere",[7190],{"data":7191,"marks":7192,"value":7193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"resembles open-source development",{"data":7195,"marks":7196,"value":7197,"nodeType":864},{},[]," more than traditional criminal enterprise, and the rate at which new variants appear is accelerating. The ",{"data":7199,"content":7200,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[7201],{"data":7202,"marks":7203,"value":7204,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Venom kit",{"data":7206,"marks":7207,"value":7208,"nodeType":864},{},[]," reuses Sneaky 2FA's AiTM infrastructure but carries different branding and adds device code phishing — whether it's the same developers, stolen code, or a deliberate fork is unclear.",{"data":7210,"content":7211,"nodeType":860},{},[7212,7216,7224,7228,7237],{"data":7213,"marks":7214,"value":7215,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tycoon 2FA illustrates the scale of the evolution. The kit evolves continuously, addingnew capabilities, new evasion techniques, and hybridizing with other platforms. Even when Sekoia and Microsoft seized 330+ Tycoon domains in March 2026, the techniques it popularized were already embedded across competitors, and the slack was taken up by rival platforms within days. And in any case, Tycoon was back to ",{"data":7217,"content":7219,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7218},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/blog/tycoon2fa-phishing-as-a-service-platform-persists-following-takedown/",[7220],{"data":7221,"marks":7222,"value":7223,"nodeType":864},{},[],"normal levels of operation",{"data":7225,"marks":7226,"value":7227,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shortly after. It has also been observed ",{"data":7229,"content":7231,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7230},"https://www.okta.com/en-nl/blog/threat-intelligence/tycoon_2fa_phishing_actors_scatter/",[7232],{"data":7233,"marks":7234,"value":7236,"nodeType":864},{},[7235],{"type":1455},"pivoting to add new device code phishing capabilities",{"data":7238,"marks":7239,"value":7240,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (more on that below). ",{"data":7242,"content":7243,"nodeType":860},{},[7244],{"data":7245,"marks":7246,"value":7247,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tear one down and there are many more to take its place — and meanwhile the original is already evolving into something new.",{"data":7249,"content":7253,"nodeType":996},{"target":7250},{"sys":7251},{"id":7252,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3UDzUCCizPJhXp3SsoZuSK",[],{"data":7255,"content":7256,"nodeType":1312},{},[7257],{"data":7258,"marks":7259,"value":7261,"nodeType":864},{},[7260],{"type":899},"New techniques are being industrialized faster than ever",{"data":7263,"content":7264,"nodeType":860},{},[7265],{"data":7266,"marks":7267,"value":7268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As well as the fragmentation of existing kits, we’re seeing new techniques added at an accelerating rate. ",{"data":7270,"content":7271,"nodeType":860},{},[7272,7276],{"data":7273,"marks":7274,"value":360,"nodeType":864},{},[7275],{"type":899},{"data":7277,"marks":7278,"value":7279,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the clearest case study. From early nation state adoption in 2024, it took until 2026 for criminal adoption to really take off, but the take-up this year is unprecedented. The EvilTokens kit packaged device code phishing into a PhaaS offering with GPT-powered spear-phishing and adaptive landing pages, hitting 340+ organizations across five countries in March 2026. ",{"data":7281,"content":7282,"nodeType":860},{},[7283],{"data":7284,"marks":7285,"value":7286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, device code functionality is now a core phish kit component. We’re tracking 18+ kits with device code phishing capabilities and a 37.5x increase in device code phishing detections this year alone, with the technique moving from state-sponsored exclusivity to something any PhaaS customer can rent.",{"data":7288,"content":7289,"nodeType":860},{},[7290,7294,7302,7306,7311,7315,7323],{"data":7291,"marks":7292,"value":7293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similarly, when we ",{"data":7295,"content":7297,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7296},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/inside-criminal-phishing-panel",[7298],{"data":7299,"marks":7300,"value":7301,"nodeType":864},{},[],"infiltrated Doko's Panel",{"data":7303,"marks":7304,"value":7305,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a ",{"data":7307,"marks":7308,"value":7310,"nodeType":864},{},[7309],{"type":899},"real-time vishing and AiTM platform",{"data":7312,"marks":7313,"value":7314,"nodeType":864},{},[]," used by ShinyHunters and affiliated groups — the codebase was full of LLM-generated artifacts. Multiple groups were using the templated vishing panel and spinning up their own variants, but the AI-generated indicators persisted throughout. This approach to real-time vishing + browser payload has been a ",{"data":7316,"content":7317,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4082},[7318],{"data":7319,"marks":7320,"value":7322,"nodeType":864},{},[7321],{"type":1455},"mainstay of the Com affiliates like ShinyHunters this year",{"data":7324,"marks":7325,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7327,"content":7331,"nodeType":996},{"target":7328},{"sys":7329},{"id":7330,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"01mOiserRBXraawXwQyJNm",[],{"data":7333,"content":7334,"nodeType":860},{},[7335,7339,7343,7347,7356,7360,7369],{"data":7336,"marks":7337,"value":7338,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The broader ",{"data":7340,"marks":7341,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[7342],{"type":899},{"data":7344,"marks":7345,"value":7346,"nodeType":864},{},[]," family shows the same acceleration: First reported in early 2024 and adopted by four nation-state groups within a single quarter. Fast forward and ",{"data":7348,"content":7350,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7349},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-us/global-threat-report/",[7351],{"data":7352,"marks":7353,"value":7355,"nodeType":864},{},[7354],{"type":1455},"CrowdStrike's data",{"data":7357,"marks":7358,"value":7359,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shows a 563% increase in fake CAPTCHA incidents (one of the more common ClickFix lure types), while ",{"data":7361,"content":7363,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7362},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf",[7364],{"data":7365,"marks":7366,"value":7368,"nodeType":864},{},[7367],{"type":1455},"Microsoft reported",{"data":7370,"marks":7371,"value":7372,"nodeType":864},{},[]," it as making up 47% of observed attacks according to their Digital Defense Report.",{"data":7374,"content":7375,"nodeType":860},{},[7376,7380,7384,7388,7396,7400,7408],{"data":7377,"marks":7378,"value":7379,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And ",{"data":7381,"marks":7382,"value":5568,"nodeType":864},{},[7383],{"type":899},{"data":7385,"marks":7386,"value":7387,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a combination of ClickFix and OAuth consent phishing techniques — suggests the next compression is already underway. Push researchers ",{"data":7389,"content":7391,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7390},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix/",[7392],{"data":7393,"marks":7394,"value":7395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"discovered the technique",{"data":7397,"marks":7398,"value":7399,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in December 2025 — a browser-native ClickFix variant hijacking OAuth consent grants via Azure CLI's localhost redirect. It was later confirmed to be tied to APT29. By January 2026, a ",{"data":7401,"content":7403,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7402},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-v3-analyzing-a-new-toolkit/",[7404],{"data":7405,"marks":7406,"value":7407,"nodeType":864},{},[],"criminal ConsentFix v3 toolkit",{"data":7409,"marks":7410,"value":7411,"nodeType":864},{},[]," had appeared on the XSS forum with Cloudflare Workers, ZoomInfo targeting, and automated exfiltration via Pipedream.",{"data":7413,"content":7417,"nodeType":996},{"target":7414},{"sys":7415},{"id":7416,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"41FMif4T0y1maflzonWgL8",[],{"data":7419,"content":7420,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7422,"content":7423,"nodeType":1009},{},[7424],{"data":7425,"marks":7426,"value":7428,"nodeType":864},{},[7427],{"type":899},"Why technique-level detection is the only layer that holds",{"data":7430,"content":7431,"nodeType":860},{},[7432],{"data":7433,"marks":7434,"value":7435,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The middle of the Pyramid — tool signatures and artifacts — used to offer much more durable detection than infrastructure indicators. Fingerprinting a specific phishing kit by its JavaScript structure or HTML patterns provided a detection target that survived across dozens or hundreds of campaigns, even as the underlying domains rotated. Tool level detections are still better, but not by quite the same margin.",{"data":7437,"content":7441,"nodeType":996},{"target":7438},{"sys":7439},{"id":7440,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5pxaYdCIFiFKLPhRaPoldX",[],{"data":7443,"content":7444,"nodeType":860},{},[7445],{"data":7446,"marks":7447,"value":7448,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the kit landscape was dominated by a handful of platforms, you could write signatures for Tycoon, Sneaky2FA, EvilProxy, and so on, and cover the lion's share of attacks. With the ecosystem now producing new variants and entirely new kits on a weekly basis, detecting by kit fingerprint starts to look uncomfortably similar to detecting by domain.",{"data":7450,"content":7451,"nodeType":860},{},[7452],{"data":7453,"marks":7454,"value":7455,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But many of these proliferating kits do share behavioral patterns at a deeper level than their code signatures. For example, every device code phishing kit implements fundamentally the same flow: present a lure, generate a device code via the OAuth Device Authorization endpoint, get the user to enter it on the legitimate authorization page, and poll for the resulting tokens. The frontends vary, the infrastructure varies, but the behavioral pattern doesn't.",{"data":7457,"content":7461,"nodeType":996},{"target":7458},{"sys":7459},{"id":7460,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"FyyHayQtsJTwoB1kluMOl",[],{"data":7463,"content":7464,"nodeType":860},{},[7465],{"data":7466,"marks":7467,"value":7468,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Genuinely new attack techniques still require human creativity — an attacker has to identify a gap in how a legitimate protocol or feature can be subverted. That kind of innovation hasn't been automated. But the window to discover a technique, build a detection, and then deploy it before it is adopted by criminals at scale is compressing with each generation.",{"data":7470,"content":7471,"nodeType":860},{},[7472],{"data":7473,"marks":7474,"value":7475,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations that detect at the technique level and deploy before commoditization have a structural advantage that increases over time. Waiting for indicators — even tool-level indicators — means chasing a curve that's accelerating away from you. This is the challenge we grapple with every day as we strive for the most resilient detections possible. ",{"data":7477,"content":7478,"nodeType":1116},{},[7479],{"data":7480,"content":7481,"nodeType":860},{},[7482,7486,7494,7498],{"data":7483,"marks":7484,"value":7485,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As our CPO Jacques Louw put it on ",{"data":7487,"content":7489,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7488},"https://risky.biz/RBNEWSSI128/",[7490],{"data":7491,"marks":7492,"value":7493,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Risky Business",{"data":7495,"marks":7496,"value":7497,"nodeType":864},{},[],": ",{"data":7499,"marks":7500,"value":7502,"nodeType":864},{},[7501],{"type":2246},"\"There's no list of bad domains anywhere in the product. It's a crutch — a false cheat code that stops you from doing the detection in the way that actually is resilient, because the next time you see it, it will be on a different domain.\"",{"data":7504,"content":7505,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7507,"content":7508,"nodeType":1009},{},[7509],{"data":7510,"marks":7511,"value":7513,"nodeType":864},{},[7512],{"type":899},"What it takes to detect at the top of the Pyramid",{"data":7515,"content":7516,"nodeType":860},{},[7517],{"data":7518,"marks":7519,"value":7520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If technique-level detection is the only layer that holds, two things have to be true about your detection capability: You need the right vantage point, and you need the research velocity to stay ahead.",{"data":7522,"content":7523,"nodeType":1312},{},[7524],{"data":7525,"marks":7526,"value":7528,"nodeType":864},{},[7527],{"type":899},"You need the right vantage point",{"data":7530,"content":7531,"nodeType":860},{},[7532],{"data":7533,"marks":7534,"value":7535,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Technique-level behaviors in browser-based identity attacks — how a phishing page orchestrates credential entry, how a device code flow presents its authorization prompt, how a ClickFix variant manipulates the clipboard — are visible in the browser session and nowhere else.",{"data":7537,"content":7538,"nodeType":860},{},[7539],{"data":7540,"marks":7541,"value":7542,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Network proxies see encrypted traffic and can attempt to reconstruct page behavior from metadata, but DOM manipulation, user interaction sequences, and script execution aren't visible from that vantage point. Email gateways see the delivery mechanism (or nothing at all in the increasing number of social media and search engine based attacks) but not the payload.",{"data":7544,"content":7545,"nodeType":860},{},[7546,7550,7558],{"data":7547,"marks":7548,"value":7549,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we disclosed in our ",{"data":7551,"content":7552,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7169},[7553],{"data":7554,"marks":7555,"value":7557,"nodeType":864},{},[7556],{"type":1455},"browser attacks report",{"data":7559,"marks":7560,"value":7561,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 95% of in-browser attacks we detect use some form of bot protection, often combined with conditional loading techniques like referrer and browser checks, reliably defeating automated analysis techniques. ",{"data":7563,"content":7564,"nodeType":860},{},[7565],{"data":7566,"marks":7567,"value":7568,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Behavioral detection at the technique level requires observing what happens on the page at the moment the user interacts with it — analyzing pages, not links. When you see the entire browsing flow — ad click, redirect chain, page render, credential prompt — an attack stands out immediately. Without that context, any detection system is forced to fill in gaps, and the gaps are where attacks hide.",{"data":7570,"content":7574,"nodeType":996},{"target":7571},{"sys":7572},{"id":7573,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4804g6u4POUDpL42bzP0EY",[],{"data":7576,"content":7577,"nodeType":860},{},[7578],{"data":7579,"marks":7580,"value":7581,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push sits inside the browser session, observing this in real time. Its detections target the behavioral mechanics of techniques rather than the surface characteristics of individual kits or infrastructure.",{"data":7583,"content":7584,"nodeType":1312},{},[7585],{"data":7586,"marks":7587,"value":7589,"nodeType":864},{},[7588],{"type":899},"You need the research expertise",{"data":7591,"content":7592,"nodeType":860},{},[7593],{"data":7594,"marks":7595,"value":7596,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the window between technique discovery and industrialized exploitation is measured in weeks rather than years, the detection pipeline needs to operate on that same compressed timescale.",{"data":7598,"content":7599,"nodeType":860},{},[7600,7604,7611],{"data":7601,"marks":7602,"value":7603,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where our ",{"data":7605,"content":7606,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7091},[7607],{"data":7608,"marks":7609,"value":7610,"nodeType":864},{},[],"agentic threat hunting pipeline",{"data":7612,"marks":7613,"value":7614,"nodeType":864},{},[]," fits. It's tripled our monthly detection output — not by generating bigger blocklists, but by scaling the process of discovering behavioral patterns across the telemetry generated by 3+ million browser deployments.",{"data":7616,"content":7617,"nodeType":860},{},[7618],{"data":7619,"marks":7620,"value":7621,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The detections it produces are technique-class by design, targeting how attacks work rather than the infrastructure or specific tool that implements them. The goal is curation, not accumulation — hundreds of high-fidelity behavioral detections rather than the billions of signatures and domain entries that traditional approaches require.",{"data":7623,"content":7624,"nodeType":860},{},[7625,7629,7636],{"data":7626,"marks":7627,"value":7628,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we detected the first in-the-wild ",{"data":7630,"content":7632,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7631},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/installfix/",[7633],{"data":7634,"marks":7635,"value":6068,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7637,"marks":7638,"value":7639,"nodeType":864},{},[]," through the pipeline — a user had searched for NotebookLM, clicked a paid Google ad, and was redirected to a fake page with a WebAssembly C2 connector — the detection shipped to all customers within minutes. It didn't depend on knowing the domain, the ad creative, or the specific kit. It depended on recognizing the technique itself.",{"data":7641,"content":7642,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7644,"content":7645,"nodeType":1009},{},[7646],{"data":7647,"marks":7648,"value":7650,"nodeType":864},{},[7649],{"type":899},"Technique-level detection is now the only option",{"data":7652,"content":7653,"nodeType":860},{},[7654],{"data":7655,"marks":7656,"value":7657,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a framework for detection durability, the Pyramid of Pain is more relevant than ever. ",{"data":7659,"content":7660,"nodeType":860},{},[7661],{"data":7662,"marks":7663,"value":7664,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI has made infrastructure indicators essentially disposable. The tools tier is compressing as criminal vendors vibe-code, fork, and clone tooling at machine speed. Technique-level detection is the layer that holds long-term to be able to proactively detect and block net-new attacks and the kits that power them. ",{"data":7666,"content":7667,"nodeType":860},{},[7668],{"data":7669,"marks":7670,"value":7671,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Novel attack techniques still require human creativity to discover, and detections built around how those techniques work can survive infrastructure rotation, tool proliferation, and kit fragmentation. Defending that layer requires a vantage point inside the browser session and a research pipeline fast enough to stay ahead of the accelerating path from discovery to industrialization.",{"data":7673,"content":7674,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7676,"content":7677,"nodeType":860},{},[7678],{"data":7679,"marks":7680,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7682,"content":7683,"nodeType":860},{},[7684],{"data":7685,"marks":7686,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7688,"content":7689,"nodeType":860},{},[7690,7693,7701],{"data":7691,"marks":7692,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7694,"content":7695,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[7696],{"data":7697,"marks":7698,"value":7700,"nodeType":864},{},[7699],{"type":1455},"Book a live demo",{"data":7702,"marks":7703,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Pyramid of Pain in the AI era: Why technique-level detection matters more than ever","AI is accelerating the collapse of indicator-based threat detection. Here's why you need technique-level detection to stay ahead.","2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z","the-pyramid-of-pain-in-the-ai-era",{"items":7709},[7710,7712],{"sys":7711,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":7713,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":7715},[7716],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":7717},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":7719,"content":7721,"title":8507,"synopsis":8508,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":8509,"slug":8510,"tagsCollection":8511,"authorsCollection":8517},{"id":7720},"Gcg7PGuICrlRcqq1QFXxH",{"json":7722},{"data":7723,"content":7724,"nodeType":856},{},[7725,7732,7739,7770,7777,7783,7789,7801,7804,7812,7828,7835,7841,7848,7855,7861,7864,7872,7879,7885,7891,7898,7905,7923,7929,7932,7940,7958,7964,7971,7974,7982,7989,7996,8002,8008,8051,8058,8061,8069,8076,8083,8126,8133,8164,8171,8214,8221,8224,8232,8251,8258,8266,8281,8288,8305,8312,8315,8321,8327,8344,8347,8355,8374,8381,8501],{"data":7726,"content":7727,"nodeType":860},{},[7728],{"data":7729,"marks":7730,"value":7731,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shared conversations on AI chatbot platforms have become the latest delivery mechanism for malware campaigns targeting macOS and Windows users. Attackers create content on platforms like ChatGPT and Claude that appears to offer installation guidance or service updates, then drive traffic to it via search engine results in the form of malvertising and SEO poisoning.  ",{"data":7733,"content":7734,"nodeType":860},{},[7735],{"data":7736,"marks":7737,"value":7738,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The content lives on chatgpt.com or claude.ai — domains that users and security tools trust implicitly — so the attack bypasses URL reputation checks before the victim even reaches the malicious payload.",{"data":7740,"content":7741,"nodeType":860},{},[7742,7746,7754,7758,7766],{"data":7743,"marks":7744,"value":7745,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Several variants of this technique have been ",{"data":7747,"content":7749,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7748},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-abuse-google-ads-claudeai-chats-to-push-mac-malware/",[7750],{"data":7751,"marks":7752,"value":7753,"nodeType":864},{},[],"reported over the past few months",{"data":7755,"marks":7756,"value":7757,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The earliest examples used shared Claude.ai conversations disguised as installation guides — complete with fake \"Apple Support\" attribution — that walked users through opening a terminal and pasting a curl command that downloaded and executed an infostealer. ",{"data":7759,"content":7761,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7760},"https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/share-chatgpt-chat-clickfix-macos-amos-infostealer/54928/",[7762],{"data":7763,"marks":7764,"value":7765,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Kaspersky documented a parallel campaign",{"data":7767,"marks":7768,"value":7769,"nodeType":864},{},[]," using shared ChatGPT conversations to deliver the AMOS (Atomic macOS Stealer) via the same paste-this-command social engineering pattern. ",{"data":7771,"content":7772,"nodeType":860},{},[7773],{"data":7774,"marks":7775,"value":7776,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push has detected a new variant that goes beyond the previously reported technique of embedding terminal commands in shared conversations: the attacker has used ChatGPT's code rendering feature to build a fully designed fake page that mimics a ChatGPT service disruption, redirecting victims to a convincing clone of ChatGPT's download page that delivers a malicious executable. ",{"data":7778,"content":7782,"nodeType":996},{"target":7779},{"sys":7780},{"id":7781,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5lz9zt223pecGvdaqdvSTQ",[],{"data":7784,"content":7788,"nodeType":996},{"target":7785},{"sys":7786},{"id":7787,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"51GomAj3VOjnbmgd1DWYu0",[],{"data":7790,"content":7791,"nodeType":860},{},[7792,7797],{"data":7793,"marks":7794,"value":7796,"nodeType":864},{},[7795],{"type":899},"This is a live campaign which is still generating detections across our customer base at the time of writing. ",{"data":7798,"marks":7799,"value":7800,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push customers are already protected and do not need to take further action. The malicious page URLs can be found at the end of this report but are not exhaustive and are liable to change. ",{"data":7802,"content":7803,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7805,"content":7806,"nodeType":1009},{},[7807],{"data":7808,"marks":7809,"value":7811,"nodeType":864},{},[7810],{"type":899},"A fake page, not a fake conversation",{"data":7813,"content":7814,"nodeType":860},{},[7815,7819,7824],{"data":7816,"marks":7817,"value":7818,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Previously reported variants relied on shared ",{"data":7820,"marks":7821,"value":7823,"nodeType":864},{},[7822],{"type":2246},"conversations",{"data":7825,"marks":7826,"value":7827,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — the attacker created a chat that contained step-by-step instructions for the victim to follow, typically involving pasting a command into their terminal. The social engineering was conversational: the \"AI assistant\" appeared to be helpfully guiding the user through an installation process.",{"data":7829,"content":7830,"nodeType":860},{},[7831],{"data":7832,"marks":7833,"value":7834,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But now, rather than a shared conversation, the attacker has used ChatGPT's code rendering feature to create a fully designed, self-contained web page hosted at a chatgpt.com/s/ URL. It renders as what appears to be a ChatGPT service disruption notice:",{"data":7836,"content":7840,"nodeType":996},{"target":7837},{"sys":7838},{"id":7839,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1O9gyQab81SnbxhQp2aa5Z",[],{"data":7842,"content":7843,"nodeType":860},{},[7844],{"data":7845,"marks":7846,"value":7847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A professional-looking error message reads: \"We're experiencing high traffic right now. Our website is temporarily unavailable due to a large number of users. Download our desktop app to continue.\" A prominent download button sits below.",{"data":7849,"content":7850,"nodeType":860},{},[7851],{"data":7852,"marks":7853,"value":7854,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The \"Show code\" toggle at the top of the page reveals what's actually happening — the entire thing is custom HTML and CSS, authored to mimic a ChatGPT system notice, rendered using ChatGPT's code output feature. A web page inside a web page, hosted on a domain that every URL reputation system in the world considers safe.",{"data":7856,"content":7860,"nodeType":996},{"target":7857},{"sys":7858},{"id":7859,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4kQTfxB3aVH9W9BeYOuljP",[],{"data":7862,"content":7863,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7865,"content":7866,"nodeType":1009},{},[7867],{"data":7868,"marks":7869,"value":7871,"nodeType":864},{},[7870],{"type":899},"The download page",{"data":7873,"content":7874,"nodeType":860},{},[7875],{"data":7876,"marks":7877,"value":7878,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clicking the download button redirects the user to openew[.]app, which presents a convincing clone of ChatGPT's official desktop application download page — complete with OpenAI branding, macOS and Windows download buttons, a Chrome extension link, and a mobile download section.",{"data":7880,"content":7884,"nodeType":996},{"target":7881},{"sys":7882},{"id":7883,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4MdFc4OB37ZihTGx506QJ6",[],{"data":7886,"content":7890,"nodeType":996},{"target":7887},{"sys":7888},{"id":7889,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"LaPUy0zpIeY8s4PF2wkat",[],{"data":7892,"content":7893,"nodeType":860},{},[7894],{"data":7895,"marks":7896,"value":7897,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The site also displays differently depending on who visits it. When Push researchers examined the URL via URLScan, the scanner was redirected to a different page entirely — a generic AR/VR company website with no obvious connection to ChatGPT. ",{"data":7899,"content":7900,"nodeType":860},{},[7901],{"data":7902,"marks":7903,"value":7904,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Real users in a browser see the fake download page; automated scanners and bots see something benign. This kind of conditional rendering is a well-established evasion technique in the malvertising ecosystem, and it makes the malicious infrastructure harder for security teams and threat intelligence services to identify and analyze.",{"data":7906,"content":7907,"nodeType":860},{},[7908,7912,7920],{"data":7909,"marks":7910,"value":7911,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The downloaded executable poses as \"ChatGPT for Desktop\" and is ",{"data":7913,"content":7915,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7914},"https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",[7916],{"data":7917,"marks":7918,"value":7919,"nodeType":864},{},[],"flagged on VirusTotal",{"data":7921,"marks":7922,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":7924,"content":7928,"nodeType":996},{"target":7925},{"sys":7926},{"id":7927,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3FSbwoFJYQrcyo9uMsQIWI",[],{"data":7930,"content":7931,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7933,"content":7934,"nodeType":1009},{},[7935],{"data":7936,"marks":7937,"value":7939,"nodeType":864},{},[7938],{"type":899},"The Claude variant: same campaign, different platform",{"data":7941,"content":7942,"nodeType":860},{},[7943,7947,7954],{"data":7944,"marks":7945,"value":7946,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside the ChatGPT rendered-page variant, Push has also detected the previously reported style of attack using shared Claude.ai conversations. These follow the pattern documented by ",{"data":7948,"content":7949,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7748},[7950],{"data":7951,"marks":7952,"value":7953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"BleepingComputer",{"data":7955,"marks":7956,"value":7957,"nodeType":864},{},[],": a shared chat disguised as a \"Claude Code on Mac\" installation guide, attributed to \"Apple Support,\" containing a curl command that downloads and executes malware.",{"data":7959,"content":7963,"nodeType":996},{"target":7960},{"sys":7961},{"id":7962,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5sWayuTsVdiLSLoS4sv2Vc",[],{"data":7965,"content":7966,"nodeType":860},{},[7967],{"data":7968,"marks":7969,"value":7970,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The fact that both the ChatGPT and Claude variants are appearing in Push customer environments suggests a campaign — or at least a shared playbook — that is actively experimenting with different platforms and different social engineering approaches to find what converts best.",{"data":7972,"content":7973,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":7975,"content":7976,"nodeType":1009},{},[7977],{"data":7978,"marks":7979,"value":7981,"nodeType":864},{},[7980],{"type":899},"Malvertising remains one of the top phishing delivery channels",{"data":7983,"content":7984,"nodeType":860},{},[7985],{"data":7986,"marks":7987,"value":7988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push has detected this variant across multiple customer environments, with users arriving at these shared chat URLs after searching for terms including \"chatgpt,\" \"chatgpt free,\" \"chat gpt,\" and common typos like \"chatgo,\" \"chatgot,\" and \"cvhatgpt.\" ",{"data":7990,"content":7991,"nodeType":860},{},[7992],{"data":7993,"marks":7994,"value":7995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see an example of this below: it's incredibly convincing, and uses the real ChatGPT domain — so even users that are paying attention are liable to fall for it. ",{"data":7997,"content":8001,"nodeType":996},{"target":7998},{"sys":7999},{"id":8000,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1GYWOyHpZT1rdTm6IGOKu8",[],{"data":8003,"content":8007,"nodeType":996},{"target":8004},{"sys":8005},{"id":8006,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4HpFJRAZH2lbygaEk2xOnN",[],{"data":8009,"content":8010,"nodeType":860},{},[8011,8015,8023,8027,8035,8038,8047],{"data":8012,"marks":8013,"value":8014,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This fits a pattern Push has tracked extensively. ",{"data":8016,"content":8018,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8017},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verizon-dbir-2026-review/",[8019],{"data":8020,"marks":8021,"value":8022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Search-based delivery is now the dominant channel for malware distribution",{"data":8024,"marks":8025,"value":8026,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — our own data shows that ClickFix attacks are reached via search results rather than email in 4 of 5 cases, and Push's own research into ",{"data":8028,"content":8030,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8029},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack/",[8031],{"data":8032,"marks":8033,"value":8034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"malvertising campaigns impersonating brands like TradingView",{"data":8036,"marks":8037,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8039,"content":8041,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8040},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/google-search-malvertising-campaign-continues-now-impersonating-ahrefs/",[8042],{"data":8043,"marks":8044,"value":8046,"nodeType":864},{},[8045],{"type":1455},"Ahrefs",{"data":8048,"marks":8049,"value":8050,"nodeType":864},{},[]," has demonstrated how effectively search ads can funnel victims to malicious pages. ",{"data":8052,"content":8053,"nodeType":860},{},[8054],{"data":8055,"marks":8056,"value":8057,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The shared-chat technique adds a new dimension: the destination URL itself is genuine (chatgpt.com, claude.ai), which means even a cautious user who checks the URL before clicking will see nothing suspicious.",{"data":8059,"content":8060,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8062,"content":8063,"nodeType":1009},{},[8064],{"data":8065,"marks":8066,"value":8068,"nodeType":864},{},[8067],{"type":899},"Legitimate platform abuse is everywhere",{"data":8070,"content":8071,"nodeType":860},{},[8072],{"data":8073,"marks":8074,"value":8075,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is one example of a much broader pattern that has become one of the defining characteristics of the 2026 threat landscape: attackers systematically abusing legitimate platforms as attack infrastructure. The scale and variety of this abuse in recent months alone is striking, and it spans every stage of the phishing chain.",{"data":8077,"content":8078,"nodeType":1312},{},[8079],{"data":8080,"marks":8081,"value":8082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for delivery",{"data":8084,"content":8085,"nodeType":860},{},[8086,8090,8098,8102,8110,8114,8122],{"data":8087,"marks":8088,"value":8089,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the delivery side, attackers have been ",{"data":8091,"content":8093,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8092},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/amazon-ses-increasingly-abused-in-phishing-to-evade-detection/",[8094],{"data":8095,"marks":8096,"value":8097,"nodeType":864},{},[],"weaponizing stolen AWS credentials to send phishing through Amazon SES",{"data":8099,"marks":8100,"value":8101,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that passes SPF, DKIM, and DMARC validation because SES is a legitimate Amazon service. A Vietnamese operation dubbed ",{"data":8103,"content":8105,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8104},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/05/30000-facebook-accounts-hacked-via.html",[8106],{"data":8107,"marks":8108,"value":8109,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AccountDumpling used Google AppSheet's built-in email capability",{"data":8111,"marks":8112,"value":8113,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as a phishing relay to harvest 30,000 Facebook credentials. ",{"data":8115,"content":8117,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8116},"https://techcrunch.com/2026/05/21/scammers-are-abusing-an-internal-microsoft-account-to-send-spam/",[8118],{"data":8119,"marks":8120,"value":8121,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scammers exploited Microsoft's own internal notification pipeline",{"data":8123,"marks":8124,"value":8125,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — sending phishing from the same msonlineservicesteam@microsoftonline.com address that delivers legitimate 2FA codes — with Spamhaus confirming months of ongoing abuse.",{"data":8127,"content":8128,"nodeType":1312},{},[8129],{"data":8130,"marks":8131,"value":8132,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Legit platform abuse for hosting",{"data":8134,"content":8135,"nodeType":860},{},[8136,8140,8148,8152,8160],{"data":8137,"marks":8138,"value":8139,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For hosting, the platforms being abused read like a who's who of modern web infrastructure. ",{"data":8141,"content":8143,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8142},"https://www.securityweek.com/over-500-organizations-hit-in-years-long-phishing-campaign/",[8144],{"data":8145,"marks":8146,"value":8147,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Operation HookedWing ran for four years",{"data":8149,"marks":8150,"value":8151,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on GitHub Pages and Vercel, compromising 500+ organizations across more than 100 GitHub Pages domains before anyone documented it publicly. Cofense has separately ",{"data":8153,"content":8155,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8154},"https://cofense.com/blog/steal-smarter-not-harder-malicious-use-of-vercel-for-credential-phishing/",[8156],{"data":8157,"marks":8158,"value":8159,"nodeType":864},{},[],"documented the growing abuse of Vercel",{"data":8161,"marks":8162,"value":8163,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for credential phishing hosting. Pixm's Q1 2026 phishing report tracked over 100 unique Azure Blob Storage subdomain variants hosting phishing content that carried Microsoft's own domain reputation, alongside abuse of Cloudflare CDN, Cloudflare Workers, Cloudflare R2, Backblaze B2, and Supabase. ",{"data":8165,"content":8166,"nodeType":1312},{},[8167],{"data":8168,"marks":8169,"value":8170,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Abuse of compromised websites that are otherwise legit",{"data":8172,"content":8173,"nodeType":860},{},[8174,8178,8186,8190,8198,8202,8210],{"data":8175,"marks":8176,"value":8177,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Compromised legitimate sites are also being repurposed at scale. A mass exploitation of a ",{"data":8179,"content":8181,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8180},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/ghost-cms-sql-injection-flaw-exploited-in-large-scale-clickfix-campaign/",[8182],{"data":8183,"marks":8184,"value":8185,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost CMS vulnerability planted ClickFix pages across 700+ websites",{"data":8187,"marks":8188,"value":8189,"nodeType":864},{},[]," including Harvard, Oxford, and DuckDuckGo subdomains. Microsoft recently documented a campaign where ",{"data":8191,"content":8193,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8192},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2026/05/26/poisoned-search-results-gpu-mining-cryptojacking-campaign-abusing-screenconnect-microsoft-net-utilities/",[8194],{"data":8195,"marks":8196,"value":8197,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SEO poisoning was combined with AI chatbot recommendation manipulation",{"data":8199,"marks":8200,"value":8201,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to deliver GPU mining malware — extending the poisoning from traditional search results into AI-generated software recommendations. And ",{"data":8203,"content":8205,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8204},"https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2026/05/27/deno-rat-malware-fake-chatgpt-claude-installers/",[8206],{"data":8207,"marks":8208,"value":8209,"nodeType":864},{},[],"fake ChatGPT and Claude installers on GitHub and SourceForge",{"data":8211,"marks":8212,"value":8213,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have been delivering the DinDoor backdoor and a Deno-based RAT via repositories that mimic legitimate developer tool distributions.",{"data":8215,"content":8216,"nodeType":860},{},[8217],{"data":8218,"marks":8219,"value":8220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The structural problem is that every one of these platforms is genuinely legitimate, and the security controls that evaluate them — domain reputation, email authentication, URL categorization — confirm them as trusted because they are trusted. This attack extends this pattern into new territory by weaponizing the content-sharing features of AI chatbot platforms specifically, but the underlying principles are the same. ",{"data":8222,"content":8223,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8225,"content":8226,"nodeType":1009},{},[8227],{"data":8228,"marks":8229,"value":8231,"nodeType":864},{},[8230],{"type":899},"Impact analysis",{"data":8233,"content":8234,"nodeType":860},{},[8235,8239,8247],{"data":8236,"marks":8237,"value":8238,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shared-chat malware delivery exploits a structural property of AI platforms that traditional security controls aren't designed to handle. Domain reputation, URL categorization, and safe browsing databases all treat chatgpt.com and claude.ai as trusted — because they are. Using these trusted pages to link off to further convincing-looking pages hosting malware allows the attacker to run campaigns that blend in, as well as rotate the phishing delivery pages later in the chain should they ever be flagged, allowing the campaign to continue without interruption (a well known ",{"data":8240,"content":8242,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8241},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/",[8243],{"data":8244,"marks":8245,"value":8246,"nodeType":864},{},[],"detection evasion technique",{"data":8248,"marks":8249,"value":8250,"nodeType":864},{},[],"). ",{"data":8252,"content":8253,"nodeType":860},{},[8254],{"data":8255,"marks":8256,"value":8257,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What makes the rendered-page variant particularly concerning is that it eliminates the most obvious red flag in the earlier attacks. The Claude.ai conversation variants required the victim to recognize that a shared chat instructing them to paste terminal commands might be suspicious — a tall order for many users, but at least the attack surface was visible. The rendered-page variant shows nothing that looks like an attack. It presents what appears to be a routine service disruption with a reasonable call to action: download the desktop app to continue using ChatGPT. ",{"data":8259,"content":8260,"nodeType":1312},{},[8261],{"data":8262,"marks":8263,"value":8265,"nodeType":864},{},[8264],{"type":899},"How Push detected the attack",{"data":8267,"content":8268,"nodeType":860},{},[8269,8273,8277],{"data":8270,"marks":8271,"value":8272,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We've aligned our detection logic for this technique under the name ",{"data":8274,"marks":8275,"value":1555,"nodeType":864},{},[8276],{"type":899},{"data":8278,"marks":8279,"value":8280,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a technique-level detection that covers shared content abuse across LLM platforms, not tied to any single campaign or set of IOCs. ",{"data":8282,"content":8283,"nodeType":860},{},[8284],{"data":8285,"marks":8286,"value":8287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because Push sees the full context of how a user arrived at a page and what that page does once it renders, we can identify LLMShare attacks regardless of which AI platform is being abused or what social engineering wrapper the attacker has chosen. ",{"data":8289,"content":8290,"nodeType":860},{},[8291,8295,8301],{"data":8292,"marks":8293,"value":8294,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we identified the initial instances of this campaign, we used our ",{"data":8296,"content":8297,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7091},[8298],{"data":8299,"marks":8300,"value":7610,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8302,"marks":8303,"value":8304,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to hunt for additional examples across our customer telemetry, develop the LLMShare detection, and rapidly deploy it to customers. Push blocks users from interacting with the page before any malicious activity can occur. ",{"data":8306,"content":8307,"nodeType":860},{},[8308],{"data":8309,"marks":8310,"value":8311,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push customers do not need to take any further action.",{"data":8313,"content":8314,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8316,"content":8317,"nodeType":860},{},[8318],{"data":8319,"marks":8320,"value":1682,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8322,"content":8323,"nodeType":860},{},[8324],{"data":8325,"marks":8326,"value":1689,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8328,"content":8329,"nodeType":860},{},[8330,8333,8341],{"data":8331,"marks":8332,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8334,"content":8336,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo/",[8337],{"data":8338,"marks":8339,"value":1703,"nodeType":864},{},[8340],{"type":1455},{"data":8342,"marks":8343,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8345,"content":8346,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8348,"content":8349,"nodeType":1009},{},[8350],{"data":8351,"marks":8352,"value":8354,"nodeType":864},{},[8353],{"type":899},"Indicators of compromise",{"data":8356,"content":8357,"nodeType":860},{},[8358,8362,8370],{"data":8359,"marks":8360,"value":8361,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we always say, short-lived IoCs are of limited value when tackling modern phishing attacks due to the rate at which attackers are able to ",{"data":8363,"content":8365,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8364},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/domain-rotation-redirection/",[8366],{"data":8367,"marks":8368,"value":8369,"nodeType":864},{},[],"quickly spin up and rotate the sites used",{"data":8371,"marks":8372,"value":8373,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in the attack chain. IoC-based detections for campaigns like this are of limited value.",{"data":8375,"content":8376,"nodeType":860},{},[8377],{"data":8378,"marks":8379,"value":8380,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At the time of writing, the indicators observed were:",{"data":8382,"content":8383,"nodeType":4845},{},[8384,8410,8433,8455,8478],{"data":8385,"content":8386,"nodeType":4581},{},[8387,8399],{"data":8388,"content":8389,"nodeType":8398},{},[8390],{"data":8391,"content":8392,"nodeType":860},{},[8393],{"data":8394,"marks":8395,"value":8397,"nodeType":864},{},[8396],{"type":899},"Indicator","table-header-cell",{"data":8400,"content":8401,"nodeType":8398},{},[8402],{"data":8403,"content":8404,"nodeType":860},{},[8405],{"data":8406,"marks":8407,"value":8409,"nodeType":864},{},[8408],{"type":899},"Type",{"data":8411,"content":8412,"nodeType":4581},{},[8413,8423],{"data":8414,"content":8415,"nodeType":4569},{},[8416],{"data":8417,"content":8418,"nodeType":860},{},[8419],{"data":8420,"marks":8421,"value":8422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://claude[.]ai/share/8e6401b5-4849-46c4-a3cb-29e1c3c49131",{"data":8424,"content":8425,"nodeType":4569},{},[8426],{"data":8427,"content":8428,"nodeType":860},{},[8429],{"data":8430,"marks":8431,"value":8432,"nodeType":864},{},[],"URL",{"data":8434,"content":8435,"nodeType":4581},{},[8436,8446],{"data":8437,"content":8438,"nodeType":4569},{},[8439],{"data":8440,"content":8441,"nodeType":860},{},[8442],{"data":8443,"marks":8444,"value":8445,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://chatgpt[.]com/s/cb_6a0f1e6bbec88191aa7fede27163f08d",{"data":8447,"content":8448,"nodeType":4569},{},[8449],{"data":8450,"content":8451,"nodeType":860},{},[8452],{"data":8453,"marks":8454,"value":8432,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8456,"content":8457,"nodeType":4581},{},[8458,8468],{"data":8459,"content":8460,"nodeType":4569},{},[8461],{"data":8462,"content":8463,"nodeType":860},{},[8464],{"data":8465,"marks":8466,"value":8467,"nodeType":864},{},[],"openew[.]app",{"data":8469,"content":8470,"nodeType":4569},{},[8471],{"data":8472,"content":8473,"nodeType":860},{},[8474],{"data":8475,"marks":8476,"value":8477,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Domain",{"data":8479,"content":8480,"nodeType":4581},{},[8481,8491],{"data":8482,"content":8483,"nodeType":4569},{},[8484],{"data":8485,"content":8486,"nodeType":860},{},[8487],{"data":8488,"marks":8489,"value":8490,"nodeType":864},{},[],"de8c50e8ccd240ef9d10ec26c26eeb37a4d1cad7c1e0edf3bb6e5689ec2dde78",{"data":8492,"content":8493,"nodeType":4569},{},[8494],{"data":8495,"content":8496,"nodeType":860},{},[8497],{"data":8498,"marks":8499,"value":8500,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SHA256",{"data":8502,"content":8503,"nodeType":860},{},[8504],{"data":8505,"marks":8506,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"LLMShare: how attackers are turning AI chatbot pages into malware delivery platforms","How attackers are using shared content features on AI chatbot platforms to deliver malware via pages hosted on legitimate domains, sent via malvertising.","2026-05-29T00:00:00.000Z","llmshare-malvertising-campaign",{"items":8512},[8513,8515],{"sys":8514,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":8516,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":8518},[8519],{"fullName":8520,"firstName":8521,"jobTitle":8522,"profilePicture":8523},"Keanu Maharaj","Keanu","Senior Security Researcher",{"url":8524},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/VCGOm62jiocjwngWTh32U/e9a30637b1c76bf988d2fec90f5b6c36/1689361049351_1.png","agentic-threat-hunting-benefits-for-customers","blog/agentic-threat-hunting-benefits-for-customers",{"json":8528},{"data":8529,"content":8530,"nodeType":856},{},[8531],{"data":8532,"content":8533,"nodeType":860},{},[8534],{"data":8535,"marks":8536,"value":8537,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most security tools learn from breaches. Push learns from many attacks that never become breaches. Here are the security outcomes you can achieve when AI agents hunt in the browser, identify new threats, and ship detections that benefit everyone — often stopping new attacks pre-compromise.","Security outcomes you can achieve when AI agents hunt in the browser, identify new threats, and ship detections that benefit everyone.",{"id":8540,"publishedAt":8541},"6dJUsirH3rrhy1Stnzkfqk","2026-08-12T12:00:40.615Z",{"items":8543},[8544,8546],{"sys":8545,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":8547,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":8549},[8550,8552,8554,8556,8558],{"sys":8551,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":8553,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":8555,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":8557,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":8559,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},"zLFjrLimjkRbIY5aSCjSGmrADKQ_p5RYacyhFYMIcgo",{"id":8562,"title":8563,"authorsCollection":8564,"content":8568,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":9183,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":9185,"metaTitle":9186,"ogImage":59,"postType":5977,"publishedDate":9187,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":9188,"slug":11264,"stem":11265,"subtitle":59,"summary":11266,"synopsis":11276,"sys":11277,"tagsCollection":11280,"topicsCollection":11286,"__hash__":11304},"blog/blog/why-you-cant-vibecode-an-ai-driven-threat-hunting-pipeline.json","No, you can’t just vibecode an AI-driven threat hunting pipeline",{"items":8565},[8566],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":8567},{"url":853},{"json":8569,"links":9119},{"data":8570,"content":8571,"nodeType":856},{},[8572,8579,8586,8605,8613,8620,8628,8631,8638,8645,8663,8670,8678,8685,8692,8699,8706,8712,8715,8722,8729,8736,8755,8762,8769,8776,8783,8790,8797,8804,8811,8829,8836,8843,8850,8853,8860,8867,8874,8881,8887,8894,8901,8908,8915,8921,8928,8935,8942,8949,8971,8978,8985,8992,8999,9015,9022,9029,9036,9043,9049,9056,9063,9070,9076,9079,9086,9103],{"data":8573,"content":8574,"nodeType":860},{},[8575],{"data":8576,"marks":8577,"value":8578,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What would it take to vibecode your own AI-driven threat hunting pipeline? ",{"data":8580,"content":8581,"nodeType":860},{},[8582],{"data":8583,"marks":8584,"value":8585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The commercial models are right there. You’ve probably got a spare weekend coming up, a really nice espresso machine, and a few bucks for tokens. (Is there already an HGTV series on this?)",{"data":8587,"content":8588,"nodeType":860},{},[8589,8593,8601],{"data":8590,"marks":8591,"value":8592,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recently published a ",{"data":8594,"content":8595,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5063},[8596],{"data":8597,"marks":8598,"value":8600,"nodeType":864},{},[8599],{"type":1455},"detailed look",{"data":8602,"marks":8603,"value":8604,"nodeType":864},{},[]," at how we use AI agents as a force multiplier for Push’s threat hunting and detection engineering capabilities.One intriguing detail you might have noticed in that article is that at Push, we treat commercial AI models as commoditized infrastructure, akin to cloud computing.",{"data":8606,"content":8607,"nodeType":860},{},[8608],{"data":8609,"marks":8610,"value":8612,"nodeType":864},{},[8611],{"type":899},"So it’s a cheeky question, but a fair one, because if Push is using commercial models, what exactly are you paying for?",{"data":8614,"content":8615,"nodeType":860},{},[8616],{"data":8617,"marks":8618,"value":8619,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It turns out that the models are the easiest things to replace, and in fact we swap out different models with little impact on detection performance. What’s much harder to build is the expertise: the technical knowledge of various attack techniques, the instrumentation in the browser that produces the structured telemetry, and the enforcement layer that turns detections into real-time protection.",{"data":8621,"content":8622,"nodeType":860},{},[8623],{"data":8624,"marks":8625,"value":8627,"nodeType":864},{},[8626],{"type":899},"Let’s break it down.",{"data":8629,"content":8630,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8632,"content":8633,"nodeType":1009},{},[8634],{"data":8635,"marks":8636,"value":8637,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The promise and the perils of threat hunting (and where agentic capabilities fit in)",{"data":8639,"content":8640,"nodeType":860},{},[8641],{"data":8642,"marks":8643,"value":8644,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Threat hunting — the practice of proactively searching for threats that haven’t been seen before — is one of the most effective practices in security and one of the least accessible.",{"data":8646,"content":8647,"nodeType":860},{},[8648,8651,8659],{"data":8649,"marks":8650,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8652,"content":8654,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8653},"https://www.sans.org/white-papers/sans-2025-threat-hunting-survey-advancements-threat-hunting-amid-ai-cloud-challenges",[8655],{"data":8656,"marks":8657,"value":8658,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SANS 2025 Threat Hunting Survey",{"data":8660,"marks":8661,"value":8662,"nodeType":864},{},[]," found that 61% of organizations cite staffing shortages as the top barrier to running a hunting program. A single manual hunt takes 10 to 20 hours of sustained analyst focus — forming hypotheses about what an attacker might be doing, querying data sources sequentially, correlating results by hand, documenting findings. Many organizations hunt infrequently or not at all.",{"data":8664,"content":8665,"nodeType":860},{},[8666],{"data":8667,"marks":8668,"value":8669,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Threat hunting in the browser poses specific challenges: The stakes are high as AI-enabled attacks accelerate, and the availability of training and knowledge is low. ",{"data":8671,"content":8672,"nodeType":860},{},[8673],{"data":8674,"marks":8675,"value":8677,"nodeType":864},{},[8676],{"type":899},"AiTM phishing kits that manipulate DOM elements in real time, ClickFix variants that inject malicious payloads through clipboard manipulation, ConsentFix attacks that abuse OAuth consent flows, credential harvesting on pages that rotate infrastructure hourly — these techniques don't map cleanly onto the endpoint-focused threat models most SOC teams were built around, or the data sources they’re used to interrogating. ",{"data":8679,"content":8680,"nodeType":860},{},[8681],{"data":8682,"marks":8683,"value":8684,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even well-staffed security organizations tend to have a blind spot in the browser layer because the expertise required to hunt there is specialized and the telemetry to support it hasn't historically been available.",{"data":8686,"content":8687,"nodeType":860},{},[8688],{"data":8689,"marks":8690,"value":8691,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using AI agents to hunt for browser-based threats promises a net-new capability for smaller teams without dedicated threat hunting staff. For larger enterprises, the value of an agentic threat hunting capability lies in its ability to provide (or augment) expertise on emerging attack methods.",{"data":8693,"content":8694,"nodeType":860},{},[8695],{"data":8696,"marks":8697,"value":8698,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most SOC teams have deep expertise at the endpoint, IdP, cloud, and network layers, built over years of working with those systems’ telemetry and workflows. But browser-based attacks operate in a different domain with different telemetry, different TTPs, and a different evasion model.",{"data":8700,"content":8701,"nodeType":860},{},[8702],{"data":8703,"marks":8704,"value":8705,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A capability like Push’s provides an answer to these three hurdles: providing expertise, without any additional burden on staff, and at a speed that matches the acceleration we’re currently witnessing in browser-based attack techniques.",{"data":8707,"content":8711,"nodeType":996},{"target":8708},{"sys":8709},{"id":8710,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1uw9eFMPDdrevj26fyix5f",[],{"data":8713,"content":8714,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8716,"content":8717,"nodeType":1009},{},[8718],{"data":8719,"marks":8720,"value":8721,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t chatbot log analysis",{"data":8723,"content":8724,"nodeType":860},{},[8725],{"data":8726,"marks":8727,"value":8728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When you hear “AI-powered threat hunting,” you might imagine an AI copilot sitting on top of your SIEM, summarizing alerts and correlating log entries faster than a human analyst could. It’s a fair assumption because many products use this kind of implementation, and tools like those are useful.",{"data":8730,"content":8731,"nodeType":860},{},[8732],{"data":8733,"marks":8734,"value":8735,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s not what we built at Push.",{"data":8737,"content":8738,"nodeType":860},{},[8739,8743,8751],{"data":8740,"marks":8741,"value":8742,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re not familiar with Push, it’s a browser security platform deployed as an extension that detects and stops advanced browser-based attacks while also providing visibility and control over shadow apps and identities, including AI usage. You can use the same telemetry Push provides for these use cases to ",{"data":8744,"content":8746,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8745},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-you-cant-control-ai-without-being-in-the-browser/",[8747],{"data":8748,"marks":8749,"value":8750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"perform data loss and insider risk investigations",{"data":8752,"marks":8753,"value":8754,"nodeType":864},{},[],", too.",{"data":8756,"content":8757,"nodeType":860},{},[8758],{"data":8759,"marks":8760,"value":8761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What we built is an agentic threat hunting and detection pipeline where AI agents collaborate with in-house threat researchers to continuously hunt for emerging browser-based attack techniques across our customer base, and then automatically write and deploy new detections.",{"data":8763,"content":8764,"nodeType":860},{},[8765],{"data":8766,"marks":8767,"value":8768,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our pipeline differs from AI-enabled log analysis in three key ways:",{"data":8770,"content":8771,"nodeType":1312},{},[8772],{"data":8773,"marks":8774,"value":8775,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A new telemetry source is the foundation",{"data":8777,"content":8778,"nodeType":860},{},[8779],{"data":8780,"marks":8781,"value":8782,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, the Push platform generates its own telemetry. The Push browser extension operates as a flight recorder, locally collecting browser session metadata that doesn’t exist anywhere else in the security stack — details like DOM structure, script execution contexts, redirect chains, credential entry behavior, OAuth consent flows, and network requests observed from inside the session. ",{"data":8784,"content":8785,"nodeType":860},{},[8786],{"data":8787,"marks":8788,"value":8789,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This metadata is stored locally and only queried during targeted threat hunts, preserving user and customer privacy.",{"data":8791,"content":8792,"nodeType":1312},{},[8793],{"data":8794,"marks":8795,"value":8796,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Proactive hunting, not just reactive triage",{"data":8798,"content":8799,"nodeType":860},{},[8800],{"data":8801,"marks":8802,"value":8803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The pipeline also hunts proactively rather than triaging reactively, as with log analysis agents.",{"data":8805,"content":8806,"nodeType":860},{},[8807],{"data":8808,"marks":8809,"value":8810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push agents generate hypotheses, craft queries against the telemetry corpus, run them across millions of browsers, and triage the results — searching for techniques that haven't triggered any existing alert or rule. ",{"data":8812,"content":8813,"nodeType":860},{},[8814,8817,8825],{"data":8815,"marks":8816,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8818,"content":8819,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7631},[8820],{"data":8821,"marks":8822,"value":8824,"nodeType":864},{},[8823],{"type":1455},"InstallFix discovery",{"data":8826,"marks":8827,"value":8828,"nodeType":864},{},[]," described in the original agentic threat hunting article is the clearest example: The Push pipeline surfaced 12 meaningful results from trillions of browser events, and one of them was a novel attack technique. That's threat hunting at machine scale, not just alert triage.",{"data":8830,"content":8831,"nodeType":1312},{},[8832],{"data":8833,"marks":8834,"value":8835,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not just analysis, but new detections, too",{"data":8837,"content":8838,"nodeType":860},{},[8839],{"data":8840,"marks":8841,"value":8842,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, the output isn’t (only) a natural-language summary of what the agents found. It’s a production detection rule that ships to every Push customer and wires into real-time enforcement controls defined by Push admins. ",{"data":8844,"content":8845,"nodeType":860},{},[8846],{"data":8847,"marks":8848,"value":8849,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The pipeline's job isn’t to help you understand an alert faster. Rather, it’s producing detection rules that didn't exist before at a speed that enables those detections to address emerging attack techniques and organization-specific campaigns within minutes.",{"data":8851,"content":8852,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":8854,"content":8855,"nodeType":1009},{},[8856],{"data":8857,"marks":8858,"value":8859,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Agentic threat hunting as core product infrastructure",{"data":8861,"content":8862,"nodeType":860},{},[8863],{"data":8864,"marks":8865,"value":8866,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The nice thing about commercially available AI models is that they’re really good at understanding web code. That arcane Javascript function you’d have to look up in the docs? They recognize it immediately. That makes them perfectly suited to provide domain knowledge that can be harnessed with the right security expertise.",{"data":8868,"content":8869,"nodeType":860},{},[8870],{"data":8871,"marks":8872,"value":8873,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using commercial models in our agentic detection pipeline then becomes a force multiplier for our research team’s understanding of TTPs — not a security engine in and of itself.",{"data":8875,"content":8876,"nodeType":860},{},[8877],{"data":8878,"marks":8879,"value":8880,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The four core components of our agentic pipeline can’t be replaced by using the same models we do, because the value is not in the models, but in the product infrastructure, product telemetry, and research expertise those models capitalize on.",{"data":8882,"content":8886,"nodeType":996},{"target":8883},{"sys":8884},{"id":8885,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7oif7PEEC3UMoTqVfRz3ZJ",[],{"data":8888,"content":8889,"nodeType":1312},{},[8890],{"data":8891,"marks":8892,"value":8893,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Component 1: The flight recorder",{"data":8895,"content":8896,"nodeType":860},{},[8897],{"data":8898,"marks":8899,"value":8900,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We deploy as a browser extension — not a separate browser, a proxy or an endpoint agent — which means we sit inside the browser session itself, seeing what the user sees. ",{"data":8902,"content":8903,"nodeType":860},{},[8904],{"data":8905,"marks":8906,"value":8907,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A component of the extension acts as a flight recorder, collecting and locally storing browser-level metadata: DOM elements, tab context, script execution, network traffic, user actions, credential entry, and more. This body of structured browser event metadata is the searchable landscape for every hunt.",{"data":8909,"content":8910,"nodeType":860},{},[8911],{"data":8912,"marks":8913,"value":8914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That's a data source most security teams have never had access to. You can't get it from an endpoint agent, a network proxy, or a cloud access log, because it doesn't exist outside the browser session. Turns out, it matters more than the model itself: When the model has this full browser context — the DOM, redirect chains, user behavior — it can reason about what happened. When it has to start guessing at those details, it starts hallucinating.",{"data":8916,"content":8920,"nodeType":996},{"target":8917},{"sys":8918},{"id":8919,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6qs9xZvmKlVXOLVhFfMVFx",[],{"data":8922,"content":8923,"nodeType":1312},{},[8924],{"data":8925,"marks":8926,"value":8927,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Component 2: The internal knowledge base",{"data":8929,"content":8930,"nodeType":860},{},[8931],{"data":8932,"marks":8933,"value":8934,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we mentioned earlier, commercial LLMs understand web code exceedingly well. What they don’t know is which patterns in that code indicate a credential-harvesting AiTM kit versus a legitimate login page, or which redirect behavior signals an InstallFix lure versus a normal marketing funnel.",{"data":8936,"content":8937,"nodeType":860},{},[8938],{"data":8939,"marks":8940,"value":8941,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That distinction comes from our internal knowledge base — years of TTP analysis, curated libraries of traces from real phishing kits encountered in the wild, and hunt parameters refined through hundreds of investigations led by our experienced human research team. ",{"data":8943,"content":8944,"nodeType":860},{},[8945],{"data":8946,"marks":8947,"value":8948,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This knowledge base also reflects a deliberate architectural choice. ",{"data":8950,"content":8951,"nodeType":1116},{},[8952],{"data":8953,"content":8954,"nodeType":860},{},[8955,8958,8964,8967],{"data":8956,"marks":8957,"value":7485,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8959,"content":8960,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7488},[8961],{"data":8962,"marks":8963,"value":7493,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8965,"marks":8966,"value":7497,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":8968,"marks":8969,"value":7502,"nodeType":864},{},[8970],{"type":2246},{"data":8972,"content":8973,"nodeType":860},{},[8974],{"data":8975,"marks":8976,"value":8977,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our knowledge base encodes behavioral patterns and TTP signatures instead, which means detections remain effective even as infrastructure rotates underneath them.",{"data":8979,"content":8980,"nodeType":860},{},[8981],{"data":8982,"marks":8983,"value":8984,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We've also learned that even high-quality security data isn’t AI-ready out of the box. Structuring data and knowledge for agent consumption requires dedicated engineering. ",{"data":8986,"content":8987,"nodeType":860},{},[8988],{"data":8989,"marks":8990,"value":8991,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our researchers have spent that time identifying, naming, and documenting browser-based attack techniques and encoding that knowledge into a format that agents can operationalize and extend.",{"data":8993,"content":8994,"nodeType":1312},{},[8995],{"data":8996,"marks":8997,"value":8998,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Component 3: The thoughtfully organized agents",{"data":9000,"content":9001,"nodeType":860},{},[9002,9006,9011],{"data":9003,"marks":9004,"value":9005,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The engineering challenge isn't getting a model to analyze one browser event — it's keeping it reliable across thousands of events. If you fill a context window with too much data and the model loses the ability to discern signal from noise, you get something called ",{"data":9007,"marks":9008,"value":9010,"nodeType":864},{},[9009],{"type":899},"context rot",{"data":9012,"marks":9013,"value":9014,"nodeType":864},{},[],". That's been our primary engineering focus over the last quarter: not making agents objectively smarter, but keeping them focused to improve their outputs.",{"data":9016,"content":9017,"nodeType":860},{},[9018],{"data":9019,"marks":9020,"value":9021,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our solution is hierarchy. A hunting agent oversees the overall hunt — it understands the query and knows what it's looking for. It dispatches an army of analysis agents, each picking up a single result trace, the term we use for a series of events in a session or tab context. ",{"data":9023,"content":9024,"nodeType":860},{},[9025],{"data":9026,"marks":9027,"value":9028,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But even a single trace can contain thousands of events, so each analysis agent breaks it down into blocks, analyzes and summarizes each one, looks for connections between them, and then bubbles up only the interesting signal. Layer by layer, the context narrows until what reaches the top is workable.",{"data":9030,"content":9031,"nodeType":860},{},[9032],{"data":9033,"marks":9034,"value":9035,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Different agents handle hypothesis generation, query crafting, triage, deep investigation, detection authoring, and meta-analysis for quality control. We back-test detections against real data before they ship. This segmentation and hierarchy took significant trial and error — you can swap out almost any individual model in the chain, but the hierarchy itself is the thing that ultimately makes it work.",{"data":9037,"content":9038,"nodeType":860},{},[9039],{"data":9040,"marks":9041,"value":9042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The consensus coming out of RSAC this year reinforces this approach. The industry's focus has shifted from “which model is the best?” to “how do we build reliable systems around these models?” ",{"data":9044,"content":9048,"nodeType":996},{"target":9045},{"sys":9046},{"id":9047,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4cXhgVflbtxiKs604aemSt",[],{"data":9050,"content":9051,"nodeType":1312},{},[9052],{"data":9053,"marks":9054,"value":9055,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Component 4: The response engine",{"data":9057,"content":9058,"nodeType":860},{},[9059],{"data":9060,"marks":9061,"value":9062,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, a hunt without a response you can operationalize is just a report. When our agents identify a new technique, the detection they write feeds directly into the same platform that enforces real-time controls in the browser: blocking credential entry on phishing pages, intercepting clipboard injection attacks, warning users during suspicious OAuth consent flows, etc.",{"data":9064,"content":9065,"nodeType":860},{},[9066],{"data":9067,"marks":9068,"value":9069,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detection and response share the same infrastructure, which means a new technique can go seamlessly from hunt analysis to production enforcement.",{"data":9071,"content":9075,"nodeType":996},{"target":9072},{"sys":9073},{"id":9074,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"vIrkHJ4ec1I41nXeRHfT2",[],{"data":9077,"content":9078,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":9080,"content":9081,"nodeType":1009},{},[9082],{"data":9083,"marks":9084,"value":9085,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about Push and how we develop new detections",{"data":9087,"content":9088,"nodeType":860},{},[9089,9093,9100],{"data":9090,"marks":9091,"value":9092,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For a deeper look at how the pipeline works in practice, including a step-by-step walkthrough of how we discovered a novel InstallFix attack targeting NotebookLM users, the two-loop detection architecture that creates a compounding effect for customers, and the emerging best practices we've identified for using AI agents in security operations, check out our companion article: ",{"data":9094,"content":9095,"nodeType":883},{"uri":5063},[9096],{"data":9097,"marks":9098,"value":9099,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Can AI replace a threat researcher? What we learned building an agentic threat hunting pipeline at Push",{"data":9101,"marks":9102,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9104,"content":9105,"nodeType":860},{},[9106,9110,9116],{"data":9107,"marks":9108,"value":9109,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you'd like to see how our agentic detection capabilities apply to your environment, ",{"data":9111,"content":9112,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[9113],{"data":9114,"marks":9115,"value":5865,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":9117,"marks":9118,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":9120},{"hyperlink":9121,"inline":9122,"block":9123},[],[],[9124,9129,9136,9150,9169],{"sys":9125,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":9126,"buttonLabel":9127,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":9128},{"id":8710},"Learn how AI-enabled attacks are making infrastructure-based detection increasingly ineffective in our update on the Pyramid of Pain concept for 2026.","Read the 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IB1",{"sys":9151,"__typename":1740,"content":9152,"name":9168,"title":59},{"id":9047},{"json":9153},{"data":9154,"content":9155,"nodeType":856},{},[9156],{"data":9157,"content":9158,"nodeType":860},{},[9159,9164],{"data":9160,"marks":9161,"value":9163,"nodeType":864},{},[9162],{"type":899},"What matters is what goes into the model — the telemetry, the domain knowledge, the structured context — and what happens around it: the orchestration, quality control, and feedback loops.",{"data":9165,"marks":9166,"value":9167,"nodeType":864},{},[]," That's where production reliability comes from, and it's where you’ll find the need for significant engineering effort.","Vibecode threat hunting pipeline IB2",{"sys":9170,"__typename":1740,"content":9171,"name":9182,"title":59},{"id":9074},{"json":9172},{"nodeType":856,"data":9173,"content":9174},{},[9175],{"nodeType":860,"data":9176,"content":9177},{},[9178],{"nodeType":864,"value":9179,"marks":9180,"data":9181},"Without a browser-layer enforcement 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When we consider that most organizations run the majority of their business on cloud applications, the difference between what constitutes \"SaaS\" versus cloud versus just \"business IT\" is pretty blurry (and feels like an academic rather than practical difference).",{"data":12835,"content":12836,"nodeType":860},{},[12837],{"data":12838,"marks":12839,"value":12841,"nodeType":864},{},[12840],{"type":899},"So it's less about whether an attack is a \"SaaS attack\" and more about how these attacks actually play out. ",{"data":12843,"content":12844,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":12846,"content":12847,"nodeType":1009},{},[12848],{"data":12849,"marks":12850,"value":12852,"nodeType":864},{},[12851],{"type":899},"The technique landscape has transformed",{"data":12854,"content":12855,"nodeType":860},{},[12856],{"data":12857,"marks":12858,"value":12859,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The second part to the change is the fact that scale and speed of attacker innovation in the space justifies it.",{"data":12861,"content":12862,"nodeType":860},{},[12863],{"data":12864,"marks":12865,"value":12866,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we launched the matrix in mid-2023, AiTM phishing was emerging as a serious concern but was far from ubiquitous. ClickFix didn't exist as a named technique. Device code phishing was a curiosity documented by a handful of researchers. ConsentFix was years away from being discovered. Browser extension supply chain attacks were rare enough to be individually notable.",{"data":12868,"content":12869,"nodeType":860},{},[12870],{"data":12871,"marks":12872,"value":12873,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the two and a half years since, every one of these has become a mainstream, industrialized attack technique — and several have converged in ways that would have been hard to predict.",{"data":12875,"content":12879,"nodeType":996},{"target":12876},{"sys":12877},{"id":12878,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5Kw2kSrL8u4VyslxK8HCtR",[],{"data":12881,"content":12882,"nodeType":1312},{},[12883],{"data":12884,"marks":12885,"value":12887,"nodeType":864},{},[12886],{"type":899},"AiTM phishing has become the default phishing method",{"data":12889,"content":12890,"nodeType":860},{},[12891,12895,12903],{"data":12892,"marks":12893,"value":12894,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing is now the standard, powered by Phishing-as-a-Service kits that operate with the release cycles and customer support of legitimate SaaS products. Tycoon 2FA alone accounted for ",{"data":12896,"content":12898,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12897},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/2025-top-phishing-trends/",[12899],{"data":12900,"marks":12901,"value":12902,"nodeType":864},{},[],"62% of phishing detected by Microsoft",{"data":12904,"marks":12905,"value":12906,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and over 64,000 confirmed incidents, with Sneaky2FA, FlowerStorm, Evilginx, and a growing roster of competitors filling out the marketplace.",{"data":12908,"content":12909,"nodeType":860},{},[12910],{"data":12911,"marks":12912,"value":12913,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM is constantly evolving, with vendors adding new features, capabilities, detection evasion techniques, and so on. Abuse of legitimate platforms, and increasingly AI-assisted development means that it’s trivial for attackers to spin up and tear down infrastructure, scale their campaigns, target specific organizations with crafted pages and lures, and generally means that attackers can operate highly sophisticated attacks with minimal effort and complexity. This makes AiTM and other PhaaS-powered techniques extremely accessible to all kinds of criminals.  ",{"data":12915,"content":12916,"nodeType":860},{},[12917],{"data":12918,"marks":12919,"value":12920,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These kits are delivered across several browser-based channels — not just email. Push data consistently shows that roughly 1 in 3 phishing payloads we intercept arrive via social media, search ads, messaging apps, or other non-email vectors.",{"data":12922,"content":12923,"nodeType":860},{},[12924,12928,12933],{"data":12925,"marks":12926,"value":12927,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Vishing has also surged as a delivery channel — CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":12929,"marks":12930,"value":12932,"nodeType":864},{},[12931],{"type":899},"442% year-over-year increase",{"data":12934,"marks":12935,"value":12936,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and Mandiant found it was the single most common initial vector in cloud compromises at 23%. But the trend that matters isn't voice calls in isolation; it's voice calls combined with browser-based payloads, where a live operator guides the victim into an AiTM page or device code flow that the call alone could not execute.",{"data":12938,"content":12939,"nodeType":1312},{},[12940],{"data":12941,"marks":12942,"value":12944,"nodeType":864},{},[12943],{"type":899},"ClickFix is the top reported initial access vector",{"data":12946,"content":12947,"nodeType":860},{},[12948,12952,12959,12963,12970],{"data":12949,"marks":12950,"value":12951,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix has gone from nonexistent to one of the most prevalent initial access techniques in under 18 months. Microsoft reported it as the ",{"data":12953,"content":12954,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7362},[12955],{"data":12956,"marks":12957,"value":12958,"nodeType":864},{},[],"most common initial access vector in 2025",{"data":12960,"marks":12961,"value":12962,"nodeType":864},{},[],", accounting for 47% of observed attacks, while CrowdStrike documented a ",{"data":12964,"content":12965,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3237},[12966],{"data":12967,"marks":12968,"value":12969,"nodeType":864},{},[],"563% increase",{"data":12971,"marks":12972,"value":12973,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in fake CAPTCHA lures (a top ClickFix style).",{"data":12975,"content":12976,"nodeType":860},{},[12977,12981,12986],{"data":12978,"marks":12979,"value":12980,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix is admittedly an outlier in a browser attacks matrix — the payload ultimately executes on the endpoint, not in the browser — but the delivery is overwhelmingly browser-based: ",{"data":12982,"marks":12983,"value":12985,"nodeType":864},{},[12984],{"type":899},"4 in 5 ClickFix payloads",{"data":12987,"marks":12988,"value":12989,"nodeType":864},{},[]," intercepted by Push arrive via search engines as a result of malvertising or compromised web pages, not email, which means the browser is the only control point that actually sees the attack before the user pastes the malicious command.",{"data":12991,"content":12992,"nodeType":860},{},[12993],{"data":12994,"marks":12995,"value":12996,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix is now the primary delivery mechanism for infostealer malware, which is in turn the primary source of the stolen credentials and session tokens that power credential stuffing and session hijacking — which means the technique sits at the start of a cycle where one class of browser-delivered attack generates the raw material for the next.",{"data":12998,"content":12999,"nodeType":860},{},[13000,13004,13010,13014,13020],{"data":13001,"marks":13002,"value":13003,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The success of ClickFix has predictably spawned a growing family of derivatives — FileFix, CrashFix, ",{"data":13005,"content":13006,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7631},[13007],{"data":13008,"marks":13009,"value":5580,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13011,"marks":13012,"value":13013,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — and much of the naming is marketing hype around variations on the same clipboard-injection mechanic. But ",{"data":13015,"content":13016,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7390},[13017],{"data":13018,"marks":13019,"value":5568,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13021,"marks":13022,"value":13023,"nodeType":864},{},[]," was a genuinely novel development.",{"data":13025,"content":13026,"nodeType":1312},{},[13027],{"data":13028,"marks":13029,"value":13031,"nodeType":864},{},[13030],{"type":899},"Browser-native ClickFix: ConsentFix",{"data":13033,"content":13034,"nodeType":860},{},[13035,13039,13047,13051,13058],{"data":13036,"marks":13037,"value":13038,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ConsentFix is a fully browser-native attack that merged ClickFix-style social engineering with OAuth consent abuse, compromising accounts through a legitimate Microsoft authorization flow with no endpoint component at all. ConsentFix was ",{"data":13040,"content":13042,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13041},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/consentfix-debrief/",[13043],{"data":13044,"marks":13045,"value":13046,"nodeType":864},{},[],"traced to APT29",{"data":13048,"marks":13049,"value":13050,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and has since been ",{"data":13052,"content":13053,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7402},[13054],{"data":13055,"marks":13056,"value":13057,"nodeType":864},{},[],"commercialized on criminal forums",{"data":13059,"marks":13060,"value":13061,"nodeType":864},{},[],", following the same path from state-sponsored technique to commodity criminal tooling that we've seen repeatedly in this space.",{"data":13063,"content":13064,"nodeType":860},{},[13065],{"data":13066,"marks":13067,"value":13068,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ConsentFix demonstrates that the clipboard-injection mechanic can evolve into something that operates entirely within the browser, eliminating the endpoint detection surface that traditional ClickFix still exposed.",{"data":13070,"content":13071,"nodeType":1312},{},[13072],{"data":13073,"marks":13074,"value":13076,"nodeType":864},{},[13075],{"type":899},"Attackers have pivoted to authorization attacks to get around login controls",{"data":13078,"content":13079,"nodeType":860},{},[13080,13084,13091],{"data":13081,"marks":13082,"value":13083,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Authorization attacks like device code phishing have seen a ",{"data":13085,"content":13086,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[13087],{"data":13088,"marks":13089,"value":13090,"nodeType":864},{},[],"37.5x increase",{"data":13092,"marks":13093,"value":13094,"nodeType":864},{},[]," since the start of 2026, with at least 12 distinct kits now offering the technique. It bypasses standard authentication controls — including passkeys — because the attack occurs through the OAuth device authorization flow rather than the standard login flow. ",{"data":13096,"content":13097,"nodeType":860},{},[13098],{"data":13099,"marks":13100,"value":13101,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The technique was first associated with nation-state actors like Storm-2372, but went from espionage-grade to commodity PhaaS tooling in roughly eighteen months, with kits like EvilTokens and Venom now offering turnkey device code phishing as a service.",{"data":13103,"content":13104,"nodeType":860},{},[13105],{"data":13106,"marks":13107,"value":13108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The device code authorization is effectively performed post-authentication. If you already have an active session in your browser, entering the device code and selecting your account from a drop-down menu is all that's needed. No password or MFA required. You can see an example in the video below.",{"data":13110,"content":13114,"nodeType":996},{"target":13111},{"sys":13112},{"id":13113,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2WPb41lNRajdpt5pogQg8M",[],{"data":13116,"content":13117,"nodeType":860},{},[13118],{"data":13119,"marks":13120,"value":13121,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And the ecosystem is adapting to this opportunity: established AiTM vendors like Tycoon are adding authorization-focused options alongside their existing credential-harvesting capabilities, which points toward multi-technique platforms where operators pick the right tool for whatever defenses the target has in place.",{"data":13123,"content":13124,"nodeType":1312},{},[13125],{"data":13126,"marks":13127,"value":13129,"nodeType":864},{},[13128],{"type":899},"Malicious and hacked browser extensions are one of the fastest growing threats",{"data":13131,"content":13132,"nodeType":860},{},[13133,13137,13144],{"data":13134,"marks":13135,"value":13136,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malicious browser extensions have matured from an occasional nuisance into a scalable supply chain attack vector. The ",{"data":13138,"content":13139,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[13140],{"data":13141,"marks":13142,"value":13143,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cyberhaven compromise",{"data":13145,"marks":13146,"value":13147,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in December 2024 — where approximately 35 extensions were weaponized through a single OAuth phishing campaign targeting developers — impacted 2.6 million users and demonstrated that extension supply chain attacks can achieve the kind of reach that used to require a compromised software update server.",{"data":13149,"content":13150,"nodeType":860},{},[13151],{"data":13152,"marks":13153,"value":13154,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since Cyberhaven, the pace has only accelerated. In 2026 alone, researchers have publicly disclosed at least 250 confirmed malicious browser extensions affecting roughly 1.75 million users, alongside a further 370+ extensions engaged in undisclosed or policy-disclosed data harvesting affecting an additional 44 million users. That doesn't count the extensions from late-2025 campaigns (DarkSpectre, AITOPIA, Trust Wallet) whose impacts carried into 2026.",{"data":13156,"content":13157,"nodeType":860},{},[13158,13162,13170],{"data":13159,"marks":13160,"value":13161,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack paths have also expanded. Beyond phishing developers for take over Web Store accounts (the Cyberhaven playbook), attackers are buying existing extensions from developers, waiting for ownership transfers or abandonments to take over, and increasingly vibe-coding their own functional extensions from scratch to build an audience that can later be weaponized. The common thread is that ",{"data":13163,"content":13164,"nodeType":883},{"uri":2411},[13165],{"data":13166,"marks":13167,"value":13169,"nodeType":864},{},[13168],{"type":1455},"most malicious extensions didn't start out malicious",{"data":13171,"marks":13172,"value":13173,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — they started as legitimate tools and were turned into weapons after the fact.",{"data":13175,"content":13176,"nodeType":860},{},[13177],{"data":13178,"marks":13179,"value":13180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"None of this is happening in isolation. The threat landscape has reoriented around browser-based initial access and identity compromise — and the matrix needed to catch up.",{"data":13182,"content":13183,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13185,"content":13186,"nodeType":1009},{},[13187],{"data":13188,"marks":13189,"value":13191,"nodeType":864},{},[13190],{"type":899},"The evolution is playing out in public breaches",{"data":13193,"content":13194,"nodeType":860},{},[13195],{"data":13196,"marks":13197,"value":13198,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth reinforcing that when the SaaS matrix was first released, many of these attacks hadn’t been seen in the wild. The change today is staggering:",{"data":13200,"content":13201,"nodeType":941},{},[13202,13224,13246,13266],{"data":13203,"content":13204,"nodeType":945},{},[13205],{"data":13206,"content":13207,"nodeType":860},{},[13208,13212,13220],{"data":13209,"marks":13210,"value":13211,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When ",{"data":13213,"content":13215,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13214},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-lapsus-hunters/",[13216],{"data":13217,"marks":13218,"value":13219,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters",{"data":13221,"marks":13222,"value":13223,"nodeType":864},{},[]," compromised over a thousand organizations' Salesforce tenants through device code phishing, the attack started with a phone call, moved through a browser-based authorization flow for the attacker’s app, and ended with mass data exfiltration via API.",{"data":13225,"content":13226,"nodeType":945},{},[13227],{"data":13228,"content":13229,"nodeType":860},{},[13230,13234,13242],{"data":13231,"marks":13232,"value":13233,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the same collective launched ",{"data":13235,"content":13237,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13236},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/unpacking-the-latest-slh-campaign/",[13238],{"data":13239,"marks":13240,"value":13241,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing campaigns",{"data":13243,"marks":13244,"value":13245,"nodeType":864},{},[]," targeting Okta and Entra SSO, the phishing page was operated by a human in real time and delivered over a voice call — not email.",{"data":13247,"content":13248,"nodeType":945},{},[13249],{"data":13250,"content":13251,"nodeType":860},{},[13252,13255,13262],{"data":13253,"marks":13254,"value":13211,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13256,"content":13257,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7390},[13258],{"data":13259,"marks":13260,"value":13261,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 deployed ConsentFix",{"data":13263,"marks":13264,"value":13265,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across dozens of compromised websites, the entire attack chain was browser-native, abusing a legitimate Microsoft OAuth flow to bypass MFA without proxying a single credential.",{"data":13267,"content":13268,"nodeType":945},{},[13269],{"data":13270,"content":13271,"nodeType":860},{},[13272,13275,13282],{"data":13273,"marks":13274,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13276,"content":13278,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13277},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024",[13279],{"data":13280,"marks":13281,"value":3756,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13283,"marks":13284,"value":13285,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — arguably the most consequential credential-based campaign of the past several years — saw 165 organizations breached using credentials that had been sitting in infostealer dumps for years, replayed against Snowflake tenants that lacked mandatory MFA. The attack surface wasn't Snowflake's application logic; it was the identity hygiene gap that every organization carries across hundreds of apps.",{"data":13287,"content":13288,"nodeType":860},{},[13289],{"data":13290,"marks":13291,"value":13292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And that’s just the big picture. Every month we’re tracking new public breaches involving browser and identity TTPs — which again, are just the tip of the iceberg when you consider that many breaches are settled quietly without hitting the headlines. ",{"data":13294,"content":13295,"nodeType":860},{},[13296,13300,13305],{"data":13297,"marks":13298,"value":13299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the key drivers here is the shrinking time-to-exploit. CrowdStrike's average e-crime breakout time is down to ",{"data":13301,"marks":13302,"value":13304,"nodeType":864},{},[13303],{"type":899},"29 minutes",{"data":13306,"marks":13307,"value":13308,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with the fastest recorded at 27 seconds. When attackers can move from initial access to data exfiltration within minutes, the window for post-compromise detection collapses to near zero. The best chance of stopping the attack is at the point of initial access before the identity is compromised.",{"data":13310,"content":13311,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13313,"content":13314,"nodeType":1009},{},[13315,13320,13326,13331,13337],{"data":13316,"marks":13317,"value":13319,"nodeType":864},{},[13318],{"type":899},"Sidenote: why we're looking at attacks ",{"data":13321,"marks":13322,"value":13325,"nodeType":864},{},[13323,13324],{"type":2246},{"type":899},"in",{"data":13327,"marks":13328,"value":13330,"nodeType":864},{},[13329],{"type":899}," the browser, not ",{"data":13332,"marks":13333,"value":13336,"nodeType":864},{},[13334,13335],{"type":2246},{"type":899},"on",{"data":13338,"marks":13339,"value":13341,"nodeType":864},{},[13340],{"type":899}," the browser",{"data":13343,"content":13344,"nodeType":860},{},[13345,13349,13357],{"data":13346,"marks":13347,"value":13348,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Calling this a \"browser attacks\" matrix needs clarification. We're not talking about browser exploits — RCE vulnerabilities, sandbox escapes, memory corruption bugs. Those attacks target the browser itself, they're extraordinarily expensive to develop, and they're increasingly rare. Browser zero-days hit a ",{"data":13350,"content":13352,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13351},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/2025-zero-day-review",[13353],{"data":13354,"marks":13355,"value":13356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"historic low of 9%",{"data":13358,"marks":13359,"value":13360,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of all zero-days reported to Google, and a Chrome RCE commands a $250,000 bug bounty.",{"data":13362,"content":13363,"nodeType":860},{},[13364],{"data":13365,"marks":13366,"value":13367,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In comparison, a one-year phishing kit rental costs $1,000. A bulk stolen credential list costs $15. An initial-access-broker-provided IdP admin account costs $3,000. When it costs orders of magnitude less to exploit the person using the browser than to exploit the browser itself, attackers will take the cheaper option every time.",{"data":13369,"content":13370,"nodeType":860},{},[13371],{"data":13372,"marks":13373,"value":13374,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It's worth heading off the obvious counterargument: won't AI-assisted vulnerability discovery eventually make browser exploits cheaper? Perhaps — but it will simultaneously make them easier for browser vendors to find and patch, and vendors like Google and Microsoft have the engineering capacity and financial incentive to scale AI-driven remediation far faster than attackers can scale exploit development.",{"data":13376,"content":13377,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13379,"content":13380,"nodeType":1009},{},[13381],{"data":13382,"marks":13383,"value":13385,"nodeType":864},{},[13384],{"type":899},"What hasn't changed",{"data":13387,"content":13388,"nodeType":860},{},[13389,13393,13401],{"data":13390,"marks":13391,"value":13392,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The matrix remains open-source, community-maintained, and available on ",{"data":13394,"content":13396,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks",[13397],{"data":13398,"marks":13399,"value":13400,"nodeType":864},{},[],"GitHub",{"data":13402,"marks":13403,"value":13404,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The goal is the same as it was in 2023: to give offensive and defensive security teams a shared reference point for the techniques that matter most.",{"data":13406,"content":13407,"nodeType":860},{},[13408],{"data":13409,"marks":13410,"value":13411,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We built it because there was a gap in how the industry talked about these techniques, and that gap still exists — MITRE ATT&CK remains essential for endpoint and network TTPs, but the browser-based, identity-first techniques behind most modern breaches are still underrepresented in traditional frameworks.",{"data":13413,"content":13414,"nodeType":860},{},[13415],{"data":13416,"marks":13417,"value":13418,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We continue to maintain the matrix with input from red teams, detection engineers, and threat researchers across the community. Some of the most valuable additions over the past two years have come from practitioners who encountered a technique on an engagement or in an investigation and contributed it back to the repository.",{"data":13420,"content":13421,"nodeType":860},{},[13422,13426,13433],{"data":13423,"marks":13424,"value":13425,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you're an offensive security professional using these techniques on engagements, or a defender building detections against them, we want to hear from you. Submit a PR, open a discussion, or flag a technique we've missed on ",{"data":13427,"content":13429,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13428},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/browser-identity-attacks-matrix",[13430],{"data":13431,"marks":13432,"value":13400,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13434,"marks":13435,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13437,"content":13438,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13440,"content":13441,"nodeType":1009},{},[13442],{"data":13443,"marks":13444,"value":13446,"nodeType":864},{},[13445],{"type":899},"Looking ahead",{"data":13448,"content":13449,"nodeType":860},{},[13450],{"data":13451,"marks":13452,"value":13453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The pace of attacker innovation in browser-based initial access techniques over the past 18 months has been unlike anything we've tracked before — technique after technique moving from research curiosity to industrialized criminal tooling within months, not years.",{"data":13455,"content":13456,"nodeType":941},{},[13457,13467,13477],{"data":13458,"content":13459,"nodeType":945},{},[13460],{"data":13461,"content":13462,"nodeType":860},{},[13463],{"data":13464,"marks":13465,"value":13466,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM platforms are adding authorization-based attack options alongside their credential-harvesting capabilities.",{"data":13468,"content":13469,"nodeType":945},{},[13470],{"data":13471,"content":13472,"nodeType":860},{},[13473],{"data":13474,"marks":13475,"value":13476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix has spawned fully browser-native variants.",{"data":13478,"content":13479,"nodeType":945},{},[13480],{"data":13481,"content":13482,"nodeType":860},{},[13483],{"data":13484,"marks":13485,"value":13486,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AI is lowering the cost of producing convincing social engineering and phishing infrastructure at scale.",{"data":13488,"content":13489,"nodeType":860},{},[13490],{"data":13491,"marks":13492,"value":13493,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We don't see any of this slowing down, and that's exactly why thinking about these attacks as a browser problem instead of siloing them across email, endpoint, network, and cloud categories, each with a partial view of the picture (and still missing the whole when combined).",{"data":13495,"content":13496,"nodeType":860},{},[13497,13501,13508],{"data":13498,"marks":13499,"value":13500,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix is our contribution to keeping that shared understanding current. You can ",{"data":13502,"content":13503,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12780},[13504],{"data":13505,"marks":13506,"value":13507,"nodeType":864},{},[],"explore the matrix here",{"data":13509,"marks":13510,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13512,"content":13513,"nodeType":860},{},[13514,13518,13525],{"data":13515,"marks":13516,"value":13517,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also read our recent ",{"data":13519,"content":13520,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7169},[13521],{"data":13522,"marks":13523,"value":13524,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser attack techniques report",{"data":13526,"marks":13527,"value":13528,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for more information.",{"data":13530,"content":13534,"nodeType":996},{"target":13531},{"sys":13532},{"id":13533,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1hx6sxpyEzxn4F4jc1RGQi",[],{"data":13536,"content":13537,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":13539,"content":13540,"nodeType":860},{},[13541],{"data":13542,"marks":13543,"value":13544,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security is the most powerful AI-native security tool in the browser. Think EDR, but for the browser — high-fidelity telemetry and real-time control across every session, on every device, with no browser migration required. Security teams use Push to detect and stop advanced browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, ClickFix, and session hijacking; gain visibility and control over AI tool usage across their workforce; harden identities by surfacing credential reuse, SSO gaps, and shadow IT; and support data loss and insider investigations with browser-layer telemetry that other tools can't see.",{"data":13546,"content":13547,"nodeType":860},{},[13548,13551,13557],{"data":13549,"marks":13550,"value":2707,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13552,"content":13553,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[13554],{"data":13555,"marks":13556,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":13558,"marks":13559,"value":2719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Introducing the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix","We're re-releasing the SaaS attack matrix as the Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix. 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Here’s how it works.",{"id":5983,"publishedAt":17251},"2026-08-12T11:52:54.643Z",{"items":17253},[17254,17256],{"sys":17255,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":17257,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":17259},[17260,17262,17264,17266,17268,17270,17272,17274,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292],{"sys":17261,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":17263,"name":235,"slug":236,"tier":31},{"id":232},{"sys":17265,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":17267,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":17269,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":17271,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":17273,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":17275,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":17277,"name":244,"slug":245,"tier":45},{"id":241},{"sys":17279,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":17281,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":17283,"name":360,"slug":361,"tier":45},{"id":357},{"sys":17285,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":17287,"name":448,"slug":449,"tier":45},{"id":445},{"sys":17289,"name":563,"slug":564,"tier":45},{"id":560},{"sys":17291,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":17293,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},"EIw901ieTSJKgYUJtBGNL0gxQIxXjCkEBakCEa5VEHA",{"id":17296,"title":17297,"authorsCollection":17298,"content":17302,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":18892,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":18894,"metaTitle":18895,"ogImage":59,"postType":18896,"publishedDate":18897,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":18898,"slug":18900,"stem":18901,"subtitle":59,"summary":18902,"synopsis":18913,"sys":18914,"tagsCollection":18917,"topicsCollection":18923,"__hash__":18961},"blog/blog/guide-how-to-use-push-controls-to-protect-your-users-from-modern-attacks.json","Guide: How to use Push controls to protect your users from modern browser threats",{"items":17299},[17300],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":17301},{"url":853},{"json":17303,"links":18646},{"data":17304,"content":17305,"nodeType":856},{},[17306,17313,17336,17343,17349,17356,17363,17370,17376,17379,17387,17394,17400,17406,17422,17623,17635,17643,17650,17657,17664,17684,17690,17697,17700,17708,17715,17748,17755,17771,17792,17827,17833,17840,17859,17866,17873,17876,17884,17891,17984,17991,17998,18006,18013,18020,18027,18032,18040,18047,18054,18061,18067,18074,18082,18100,18108,18115,18121,18124,18132,18139,18146,18257,18263,18270,18277,18284,18291,18298,18306,18313,18320,18344,18350,18366,18381,18396,18402,18410,18417,18425,18432,18435,18443,18450,18482,18488,18510,18517,18520,18528,18535,18551,18557,18564,18571,18574,18581,18599,18606],{"data":17307,"content":17308,"nodeType":860},{},[17309],{"data":17310,"marks":17311,"value":17312,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here are two things that can’t both be true:",{"data":17314,"content":17315,"nodeType":941},{},[17316,17326],{"data":17317,"content":17318,"nodeType":945},{},[17319],{"data":17320,"content":17321,"nodeType":860},{},[17322],{"data":17323,"marks":17324,"value":17325,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Users are the weakest link in security. They just need to stop clicking on things.",{"data":17327,"content":17328,"nodeType":945},{},[17329],{"data":17330,"content":17331,"nodeType":860},{},[17332],{"data":17333,"marks":17334,"value":17335,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The internet is a giant clicking-on-things machine.",{"data":17337,"content":17338,"nodeType":860},{},[17339],{"data":17340,"marks":17341,"value":17342,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In particular, when we look at the TTPs of modern browser-based attacks that target employees, it’s obvious where this disconnect has real consequences. ",{"data":17344,"content":17348,"nodeType":996},{"target":17345},{"sys":17346},{"id":17347,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2x3blnHzZYcJ8c439C4NqI",[],{"data":17350,"content":17351,"nodeType":860},{},[17352],{"data":17353,"marks":17354,"value":17355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s why: Security tooling hasn’t kept up with adversary advances, and normal human behaviors are being expressly targeted via the browser to achieve compromise of accounts and endpoints. If you list the pitfalls facing the common end-user encountering these kinds of attack methods, the picture becomes even more stark.",{"data":17357,"content":17358,"nodeType":860},{},[17359],{"data":17360,"marks":17361,"value":17362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To solve these problems, you need security tooling that sits in line with the user where they’re already working: In the browser. In this Push product guide, we’ll cover how you can use Push to provide point-in-time guidance — everything from block pages to informational banners — to protect users from modern browser-based TTPs and to guide them to remediate common vulnerabilities that can lead to account takeover.",{"data":17364,"content":17365,"nodeType":860},{},[17366],{"data":17367,"marks":17368,"value":17369,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve also recently introduced custom branding and styling options for user-facing block pages and banners so you can provide a cohesive and trustworthy experience across your security ecosystem.",{"data":17371,"content":17375,"nodeType":996},{"target":17372},{"sys":17373},{"id":17374,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7fwCnr9bz76rWWCL6EReOT",[],{"data":17377,"content":17378,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":17380,"content":17381,"nodeType":1009},{},[17382],{"data":17383,"marks":17384,"value":17386,"nodeType":864},{},[17385],{"type":899},"Why you can’t train users to recognize modern browser-based attack methods",{"data":17388,"content":17389,"nodeType":860},{},[17390],{"data":17391,"marks":17392,"value":17393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"User awareness training can help you build your workforce’s basic security baseline. But it’s not a reliable remedy for modern browser-based TTPs. When you look at the creative methods attackers are using — and rapidly improving on — it’s obvious why.",{"data":17395,"content":17399,"nodeType":996},{"target":17396},{"sys":17397},{"id":17398,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"eHla7GPCH5eTpdfEqW5Zo",[],{"data":17401,"content":17405,"nodeType":996},{"target":17402},{"sys":17403},{"id":17404,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"29vUtbEUam8fhbwnQdINRJ",[],{"data":17407,"content":17408,"nodeType":860},{},[17409,17413,17418],{"data":17410,"marks":17411,"value":17412,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To avoid account or endpoint compromise while going about your daily work as a user, you would need to accomplish these ",{"data":17414,"marks":17415,"value":17417,"nodeType":864},{},[17416],{"type":2246},"extremely 100% achievable activities",{"data":17419,"marks":17420,"value":17421,"nodeType":864},{},[],", including:",{"data":17423,"content":17424,"nodeType":4845},{},[17425,17450,17490,17513,17547,17580],{"data":17426,"content":17427,"nodeType":4581},{},[17428,17439],{"data":17429,"content":17430,"nodeType":8398},{},[17431],{"data":17432,"content":17433,"nodeType":860},{},[17434],{"data":17435,"marks":17436,"value":17438,"nodeType":864},{},[17437],{"type":899},"Scenario",{"data":17440,"content":17441,"nodeType":8398},{},[17442],{"data":17443,"content":17444,"nodeType":860},{},[17445],{"data":17446,"marks":17447,"value":17449,"nodeType":864},{},[17448],{"type":899},"Threat",{"data":17451,"content":17452,"nodeType":4581},{},[17453,17476],{"data":17454,"content":17455,"nodeType":4569},{},[17456],{"data":17457,"content":17458,"nodeType":860},{},[17459,17463,17472],{"data":17460,"marks":17461,"value":17462,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While using search engines, never click on a ",{"data":17464,"content":17467,"nodeType":6011},{"target":17465},{"sys":17466},{"id":6236,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[17468],{"data":17469,"marks":17470,"value":17471,"nodeType":864},{},[],"malicious link",{"data":17473,"marks":17474,"value":17475,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in sponsored or organic results (it's often the first link you see, too).",{"data":17477,"content":17478,"nodeType":4569},{},[17479],{"data":17480,"content":17481,"nodeType":860},{},[17482,17486],{"data":17483,"marks":17484,"value":17485,"nodeType":864},{},[],"M",{"data":17487,"marks":17488,"value":17489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"alvertising, SEO poisoning, compromised legitimate webpages, vibecoded phishing webpages.",{"data":17491,"content":17492,"nodeType":4581},{},[17493,17503],{"data":17494,"content":17495,"nodeType":4569},{},[17496],{"data":17497,"content":17498,"nodeType":860},{},[17499],{"data":17500,"marks":17501,"value":17502,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Know when to trust an email coming from an app you use every day, and when it could be malicious (it looks the same).",{"data":17504,"content":17505,"nodeType":4569},{},[17506],{"data":17507,"content":17508,"nodeType":860},{},[17509],{"data":17510,"marks":17511,"value":17512,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using SaaS services to distribute malicious links using trusted sites (also a handy way of evading email controls).",{"data":17514,"content":17515,"nodeType":4581},{},[17516,17537],{"data":17517,"content":17518,"nodeType":4569},{},[17519],{"data":17520,"content":17521,"nodeType":860},{},[17522,17526,17534],{"data":17523,"marks":17524,"value":17525,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When reading a LinkedIn DM from a colleague, anticipate that they might have been hacked and have sent you a malicious link. (Yes, this was a ",{"data":17527,"content":17529,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17528},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-push-stopped-a-high-risk-linkedin-spear-phishing-attack/",[17530],{"data":17531,"marks":17532,"value":17533,"nodeType":864},{},[],"real scenario",{"data":17535,"marks":17536,"value":8250,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17538,"content":17539,"nodeType":4569},{},[17540],{"data":17541,"content":17542,"nodeType":860},{},[17543],{"data":17544,"marks":17545,"value":17546,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Abuse of social media, IM platforms, and other apps where you can be directly contacted by users external to your organization. ",{"data":17548,"content":17549,"nodeType":4581},{},[17550,17560],{"data":17551,"content":17552,"nodeType":4569},{},[17553],{"data":17554,"content":17555,"nodeType":860},{},[17556],{"data":17557,"marks":17558,"value":17559,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When logging in to an app, never follow benign-seeming but actually malicious instructions to enter a code onto a legitimate page to complete your login.",{"data":17561,"content":17562,"nodeType":4569},{},[17563],{"data":17564,"content":17565,"nodeType":860},{},[17566,17570,17577],{"data":17567,"marks":17568,"value":17569,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing, OAuth consent phishing, ",{"data":17571,"content":17572,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3259},[17573],{"data":17574,"marks":17575,"value":17576,"nodeType":864},{},[],"device code phishing",{"data":17578,"marks":17579,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17581,"content":17582,"nodeType":4581},{},[17583,17593],{"data":17584,"content":17585,"nodeType":4569},{},[17586],{"data":17587,"content":17588,"nodeType":860},{},[17589],{"data":17590,"marks":17591,"value":17592,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Know which instructions to follow and which are malicious when verifying that you're human on a CAPTCHA-style page.",{"data":17594,"content":17595,"nodeType":4569},{},[17596],{"data":17597,"content":17598,"nodeType":860},{},[17599,17602,17609,17613,17619],{"data":17600,"marks":17601,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17603,"content":17605,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17604},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-most-advanced-clickfix-yet/",[17606],{"data":17607,"marks":17608,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17610,"marks":17611,"value":17612,"nodeType":864},{},[],"-style attacks that trick the user into running a malicious script or command, or ",{"data":17614,"content":17615,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7390},[17616],{"data":17617,"marks":17618,"value":5568,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17620,"marks":17621,"value":17622,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (which is even sneakier and simply involves copying a URL).",{"data":17624,"content":17625,"nodeType":860},{},[17626,17630],{"data":17627,"marks":17628,"value":17629,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And we're barely scratching the surface here. ",{"data":17631,"marks":17632,"value":17634,"nodeType":864},{},[17633],{"type":899},"Easy, right?",{"data":17636,"content":17637,"nodeType":1312},{},[17638],{"data":17639,"marks":17640,"value":17642,"nodeType":864},{},[17641],{"type":899},"Can't we block users from interacting with bad content? ",{"data":17644,"content":17645,"nodeType":860},{},[17646],{"data":17647,"marks":17648,"value":17649,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So if you can’t train your way out of these problems, what about locking down and blocking your way out of the problem?",{"data":17651,"content":17652,"nodeType":860},{},[17653],{"data":17654,"marks":17655,"value":17656,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This, too, simply isn’t really feasible. ",{"data":17658,"content":17659,"nodeType":860},{},[17660],{"data":17661,"marks":17662,"value":17663,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern cloud-first adversaries routinely rotate domains on malicious pages; use trusted services like SharePoint, Adobe, Google Sites, Cloudflare, and Atlassian to deliver lures; target end-users across multiple channels, including social media, forums, chat platforms, Google search results, email, and webpages; and use legitimate security tools like bot protection to bypass detection by other legitimate security tools, such as web content scanning and analysis solutions.",{"data":17665,"content":17666,"nodeType":860},{},[17667,17671,17675,17680],{"data":17668,"marks":17669,"value":17670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To safely navigate the internet today, y",{"data":17672,"marks":17673,"value":17674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ou need to be able to spot malicious pages and content ",{"data":17676,"marks":17677,"value":17679,"nodeType":864},{},[17678],{"type":899},"the first time they're seen in the wild",{"data":17681,"marks":17682,"value":17683,"nodeType":864},{},[],". If you're relying on indicators of known bad, you're always a step behind, leaving users exposed.",{"data":17685,"content":17689,"nodeType":996},{"target":17686},{"sys":17687},{"id":17688,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ZfqOLRdJZJIc78rj9E9JZ",[],{"data":17691,"content":17692,"nodeType":860},{},[17693],{"data":17694,"marks":17695,"value":17696,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To protect users while they work online, you need a purpose-built security tool that can respond in real time to modern TTPs and guide users securely — without introducing extra work or a lot of friction. Push can help with that.",{"data":17698,"content":17699,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":17701,"content":17702,"nodeType":1009},{},[17703],{"data":17704,"marks":17705,"value":17707,"nodeType":864},{},[17706],{"type":899},"Why in-browser controls?",{"data":17709,"content":17710,"nodeType":860},{},[17711],{"data":17712,"marks":17713,"value":17714,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Simply put, using in-browser security controls gets you the closest to the user and their work in order to protect them from modern browser-based threats. Adding in-browser controls also solves two tricky problems for security teams: ",{"data":17716,"content":17717,"nodeType":941},{},[17718,17733],{"data":17719,"content":17720,"nodeType":945},{},[17721],{"data":17722,"content":17723,"nodeType":860},{},[17724,17729],{"data":17725,"marks":17726,"value":17728,"nodeType":864},{},[17727],{"type":899},"Filling the gap between solution layers",{"data":17730,"marks":17731,"value":17732,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in order to detect and block attack methods like Adversary-in-the-Middle phishing, malicious browser extensions, and ClickFix-style social engineering attacks that other tools miss.",{"data":17734,"content":17735,"nodeType":945},{},[17736],{"data":17737,"content":17738,"nodeType":860},{},[17739,17744],{"data":17740,"marks":17741,"value":17743,"nodeType":864},{},[17742],{"type":899},"Providing just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":17745,"marks":17746,"value":17747,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to end-users when it’s the right moment to act on that guidance, reducing your attack surface across your online apps, browser extensions, and accounts, and ensuring your app usage policies are followed.",{"data":17749,"content":17750,"nodeType":1312},{},[17751],{"data":17752,"marks":17753,"value":17754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Fill the gap between solution layers",{"data":17756,"content":17757,"nodeType":860},{},[17758,17762,17767],{"data":17759,"marks":17760,"value":17761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most existing security solutions operate just ",{"data":17763,"marks":17764,"value":17766,"nodeType":864},{},[17765],{"type":2246},"outside",{"data":17768,"marks":17769,"value":17770,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the context of a user interacting with a webpage. This leaves blind spots that attackers are exploiting between layers of security tooling.",{"data":17772,"content":17773,"nodeType":860},{},[17774,17778,17788],{"data":17775,"marks":17776,"value":17777,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, network proxies see HTTP requests, URLs, and page headers, but not the ",{"data":17779,"content":17783,"nodeType":6011},{"target":17780},{"sys":17781},{"id":17782,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5caCcGCqMMPm5KlwUv0sbz",[17784],{"data":17785,"marks":17786,"value":17787,"nodeType":864},{},[],"structural elements",{"data":17789,"marks":17790,"value":17791,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of the DOM or on-page user interactions that are key to fingerprinting the behavior of AiTM phishing kits or ClickFix-style social engineering attacks. ",{"data":17793,"content":17794,"nodeType":860},{},[17795,17799,17809,17813,17823],{"data":17796,"marks":17797,"value":17798,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similarly, ",{"data":17800,"content":17804,"nodeType":6011},{"target":17801},{"sys":17802},{"id":17803,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6YWYKGESlyUKQxvhKmBzeH",[17805],{"data":17806,"marks":17807,"value":17808,"nodeType":864},{},[],"EDR tools",{"data":17810,"marks":17811,"value":17812,"nodeType":864},{},[]," only see the bad thing when it hits the endpoint, and many ",{"data":17814,"content":17818,"nodeType":6011},{"target":17815},{"sys":17816},{"id":17817,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2k2aDK5dyQKlQBrk66pMXE",[17819],{"data":17820,"marks":17821,"value":17822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"cloud security tools",{"data":17824,"marks":17825,"value":17826,"nodeType":864},{},[]," rely on complex policy configurations across a core set of apps to provide security protection — leaving a gap in detection and response capabilities outside their purview.",{"data":17828,"content":17832,"nodeType":996},{"target":17829},{"sys":17830},{"id":17831,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"50NyBpr96dKspvTzJTBOlC",[],{"data":17834,"content":17835,"nodeType":1312},{},[17836],{"data":17837,"marks":17838,"value":17839,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Provide just-in-time security enforcement",{"data":17841,"content":17842,"nodeType":860},{},[17843,17847,17855],{"data":17844,"marks":17845,"value":17846,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As some of our customers like to say, Push provides security teams with a ",{"data":17848,"content":17850,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17849},"/customer-stories/upvest",[17851],{"data":17852,"marks":17853,"value":17854,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“seat on the user’s side”",{"data":17856,"marks":17857,"value":17858,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of the equation so you can enforce security best practices.",{"data":17860,"content":17861,"nodeType":860},{},[17862],{"data":17863,"marks":17864,"value":17865,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Having that seat on the user’s side also helps you deliver guidance in the right context for it to be followed: When the user is engaged in doing the behavior you want to influence (or prevent). The right information, at the right time, in the right format — not a belated reminder through a different channel that’s easy to ignore.",{"data":17867,"content":17868,"nodeType":860},{},[17869],{"data":17870,"marks":17871,"value":17872,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With those outcomes in mind, let’s look at some specific solutions from the Push platform.",{"data":17874,"content":17875,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":17877,"content":17878,"nodeType":1009},{},[17879],{"data":17880,"marks":17881,"value":17883,"nodeType":864},{},[17882],{"type":899},"How Push helps you protect users from browser-based ATO, ClickFix, and similar attacks",{"data":17885,"content":17886,"nodeType":860},{},[17887],{"data":17888,"marks":17889,"value":17890,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push platform provides out-of-the-box detections for browser-based attacks, including:",{"data":17892,"content":17893,"nodeType":941},{},[17894,17917,17940,17961],{"data":17895,"content":17896,"nodeType":945},{},[17897],{"data":17898,"content":17899,"nodeType":860},{},[17900,17903,17913],{"data":17901,"marks":17902,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17904,"content":17908,"nodeType":6011},{"target":17905},{"sys":17906},{"id":17907,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7KRnTSnJAbbiho69gNyN0B",[17909],{"data":17910,"marks":17911,"value":17912,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing kits",{"data":17914,"marks":17915,"value":17916,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that can bypass MFA",{"data":17918,"content":17919,"nodeType":945},{},[17920],{"data":17921,"content":17922,"nodeType":860},{},[17923,17926,17936],{"data":17924,"marks":17925,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17927,"content":17931,"nodeType":6011},{"target":17928},{"sys":17929},{"id":17930,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"jN3GN5ddMJZiDtl0fgUVd",[17932],{"data":17933,"marks":17934,"value":17935,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloned login pages",{"data":17937,"marks":17938,"value":17939,"nodeType":864},{},[]," designed to steal user credentials",{"data":17941,"content":17942,"nodeType":945},{},[17943],{"data":17944,"content":17945,"nodeType":860},{},[17946,17949,17958],{"data":17947,"marks":17948,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17950,"content":17954,"nodeType":6011},{"target":17951},{"sys":17952},{"id":17953,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5NyiWgjMDwk16XZ0S681JK",[17955],{"data":17956,"marks":17957,"value":699,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17959,"marks":17960,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17962,"content":17963,"nodeType":945},{},[17964],{"data":17965,"content":17966,"nodeType":860},{},[17967,17970,17980],{"data":17968,"marks":17969,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":17971,"content":17975,"nodeType":6011},{"target":17972},{"sys":17973},{"id":17974,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7jygmadjoz0asAHv7e5PuK",[17976],{"data":17977,"marks":17978,"value":17979,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malicious copy and paste attacks",{"data":17981,"marks":17982,"value":17983,"nodeType":864},{},[]," like ClickFix, FileFix, and similar",{"data":17985,"content":17986,"nodeType":860},{},[17987],{"data":17988,"marks":17989,"value":17990,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For each of these attack vectors, Push delivers detection events and associated metadata for quick triage by the security team, as well as employee-facing warn or block screens, based on your selected configuration.",{"data":17992,"content":17993,"nodeType":860},{},[17994],{"data":17995,"marks":17996,"value":17997,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s a snapshot of the capabilities of these controls and what end-users will experience.",{"data":17999,"content":18000,"nodeType":1312},{},[18001],{"data":18002,"marks":18003,"value":18005,"nodeType":864},{},[18004],{"type":899},"The scenario:",{"data":18007,"content":18008,"nodeType":860},{},[18009],{"data":18010,"marks":18011,"value":18012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a user encounters a malicious page — whether that’s an AiTM phishing tool running on a webpage, or a ClickFix-style attack — or attempts to install a malicious extension, Push immediately steps in. ",{"data":18014,"content":18015,"nodeType":860},{},[18016],{"data":18017,"marks":18018,"value":18019,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push can prevent users from entering their credentials on phishing pages, including cloned login pages, or from pasting malicious clipboard contents that can run malware on their device. Push can also prevent users from installing known-bad browser extensions. ",{"data":18021,"content":18022,"nodeType":860},{},[18023],{"data":18024,"marks":18025,"value":18026,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In each of these scenarios, Push admins get detailed detection information they can use to triage the incident.",{"data":18028,"content":18031,"nodeType":996},{"target":18029},{"sys":18030},{"id":6327,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":18033,"content":18034,"nodeType":1312},{},[18035],{"data":18036,"marks":18037,"value":18039,"nodeType":864},{},[18038],{"type":899},"How it works:",{"data":18041,"content":18042,"nodeType":860},{},[18043],{"data":18044,"marks":18045,"value":18046,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Rather than relying on known-bad intelligence like domains or URLs, Push performs a behavioral and structural analysis of malicious pages in real time.",{"data":18048,"content":18049,"nodeType":860},{},[18050],{"data":18051,"marks":18052,"value":18053,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That means a phishing page never has to appear in a threat intelligence feed in order to be detected and blocked.",{"data":18055,"content":18056,"nodeType":860},{},[18057],{"data":18058,"marks":18059,"value":18060,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similarly, for malicious copy and paste attacks like ClickFix, Push analyzes the content copied to the clipboard but also evaluates the context of the page to reduce false positives. In blocking mode, Push’s control for ClickFix-style attacks replaces the malicious clipboard contents with safe text — preventing potential endpoint compromise before it can occur.",{"data":18062,"content":18066,"nodeType":996},{"target":18063},{"sys":18064},{"id":18065,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3OkejjEjV9xflBc5ouOVFn",[],{"data":18068,"content":18069,"nodeType":860},{},[18070],{"data":18071,"marks":18072,"value":18073,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, for identifying malicious browser extensions, Push takes a slightly different approach — combining both behavioral detections and curated intelligence of known-bad extensions from our own research and from trusted industry sources. We’ve found this combination provides the highest-fidelity way to identify malicious extensions without relying on approaches like analyzing extension permissions, which often isn’t actionable. ",{"data":18075,"content":18076,"nodeType":1312},{},[18077],{"data":18078,"marks":18079,"value":18081,"nodeType":864},{},[18080],{"type":899},"Your security team gets:",{"data":18083,"content":18084,"nodeType":860},{},[18085,18089,18097],{"data":18086,"marks":18087,"value":18088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Readymade detection and alerting, combined with detailed telemetry. Detections and their associated metadata can be consumed via ",{"data":18090,"content":18092,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18091},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/getting-started/#api-and-webhooks",[18093],{"data":18094,"marks":18095,"value":18096,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s REST API and webhooks",{"data":18098,"marks":18099,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18101,"content":18102,"nodeType":1312},{},[18103],{"data":18104,"marks":18105,"value":18107,"nodeType":864},{},[18106],{"type":899},"Your end-users see:",{"data":18109,"content":18110,"nodeType":860},{},[18111],{"data":18112,"marks":18113,"value":18114,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An immediate block screen in your company colors and brand style, providing a highly memorable, contextual moment of learning — and reassuring them that an incident has been prevented.",{"data":18116,"content":18120,"nodeType":996},{"target":18117},{"sys":18118},{"id":18119,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4QfjDDfKjohKr1qqDLRT0m",[],{"data":18122,"content":18123,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":18125,"content":18126,"nodeType":1009},{},[18127],{"data":18128,"marks":18129,"value":18131,"nodeType":864},{},[18130],{"type":899},"How Push helps you remediate account vulnerabilities at scale",{"data":18133,"content":18134,"nodeType":860},{},[18135],{"data":18136,"marks":18137,"value":18138,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Just-in-time security enforcement works best when it’s trustworthy and contextual — without making a lot more work for your team. Push also provides readymade controls for remediating common account vulnerabilities that contribute to your attack surface online, helping you harden existing accounts and reduce behaviors that introduce new risks.",{"data":18140,"content":18141,"nodeType":860},{},[18142],{"data":18143,"marks":18144,"value":18145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With Push, you can:",{"data":18147,"content":18148,"nodeType":941},{},[18149,18172,18210,18234],{"data":18150,"content":18151,"nodeType":945},{},[18152],{"data":18153,"content":18154,"nodeType":860},{},[18155,18158,18168],{"data":18156,"marks":18157,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18159,"content":18163,"nodeType":6011},{"target":18160},{"sys":18161},{"id":18162,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6FYHbkcRUrtznPo7RarRsz",[18164],{"data":18165,"marks":18166,"value":18167,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent the phishing or reuse of high-value passwords",{"data":18169,"marks":18170,"value":18171,"nodeType":864},{},[],", like your IdP, AWS, or code repository passwords.",{"data":18173,"content":18174,"nodeType":945},{},[18175],{"data":18176,"content":18177,"nodeType":860},{},[18178,18182,18192,18196,18206],{"data":18179,"marks":18180,"value":18181,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Remediate ",{"data":18183,"content":18187,"nodeType":6011},{"target":18184},{"sys":18185},{"id":18186,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2WAc5HflKonFN7Jc53ROgj",[18188],{"data":18189,"marks":18190,"value":18191,"nodeType":864},{},[],"missing MFA",{"data":18193,"marks":18194,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or ",{"data":18197,"content":18201,"nodeType":6011},{"target":18198},{"sys":18199},{"id":18200,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2dAP36chda6ZDGKzw0Itfs",[18202],{"data":18203,"marks":18204,"value":18205,"nodeType":864},{},[],"insecure passwords",{"data":18207,"marks":18208,"value":18209,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on any work app, even those not managed by your SSO solution.",{"data":18211,"content":18212,"nodeType":945},{},[18213],{"data":18214,"content":18215,"nodeType":860},{},[18216,18220,18230],{"data":18217,"marks":18218,"value":18219,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use ",{"data":18221,"content":18225,"nodeType":6011},{"target":18222},{"sys":18223},{"id":18224,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2ZpKnuljaUH0jzVaae4SMN",[18226],{"data":18227,"marks":18228,"value":18229,"nodeType":864},{},[],"in-browser banners",{"data":18231,"marks":18232,"value":18233,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to add guardrails to app usage, including blocking unapproved SaaS or collecting a business reason to access an app before approving it.",{"data":18235,"content":18236,"nodeType":945},{},[18237],{"data":18238,"content":18239,"nodeType":860},{},[18240,18243,18253],{"data":18241,"marks":18242,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18244,"content":18248,"nodeType":6011},{"target":18245},{"sys":18246},{"id":18247,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ibVBa6u0XfcXXDVtON5th",[18249],{"data":18250,"marks":18251,"value":18252,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block unwanted or unapproved browser extensions",{"data":18254,"marks":18255,"value":18256,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from being installed, or disable them if they’ve been installed previously.",{"data":18258,"content":18259,"nodeType":860},{},[18260],{"data":18261,"marks":18262,"value":17997,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18264,"content":18265,"nodeType":1312},{},[18266],{"data":18267,"marks":18268,"value":18005,"nodeType":864},{},[18269],{"type":899},{"data":18271,"content":18272,"nodeType":860},{},[18273],{"data":18274,"marks":18275,"value":18276,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses in-browser controls to intervene when a user is missing MFA; reusing a high-value password; using an insecure password; attempting to log in to an unapproved app; or attempting to install a blocked extension. ",{"data":18278,"content":18279,"nodeType":860},{},[18280],{"data":18281,"marks":18282,"value":18283,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push can block users from reusing passwords set as “protected” (meaning they can’t be reused on any other page or app) or from using unapproved apps or extensions. Push can guide users to update their password or register for MFA on accounts where they lack it. Push can also provide any other specific security or policy guidance to employees via banners that appear on apps in your environment, including GenAI apps. ",{"data":18285,"content":18286,"nodeType":860},{},[18287],{"data":18288,"marks":18289,"value":18290,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For all of these scenarios, you can tune Push controls to your preferred mode (informing vs. blocking, for example) and select which employees, employee groups, and apps or accounts to focus on.",{"data":18292,"content":18293,"nodeType":860},{},[18294],{"data":18295,"marks":18296,"value":18297,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also customize the message that employees see, to match your organizational culture and policies.",{"data":18299,"content":18300,"nodeType":1312},{},[18301],{"data":18302,"marks":18303,"value":18305,"nodeType":864},{},[18304],{"type":899},"How it works: ",{"data":18307,"content":18308,"nodeType":860},{},[18309],{"data":18310,"marks":18311,"value":18312,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push browser agent observes real-time user behavior and securely analyzes users’ account vulnerabilities in order to identify risks and execute your preconfigured controls. ",{"data":18314,"content":18315,"nodeType":860},{},[18316],{"data":18317,"marks":18318,"value":18319,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To identify MFA status, Push uses the app’s own API to query the logged-in user’s registered MFA methods. To analyze password security, Push creates a salted, truncated hash that is stored locally in the user’s browser and then used for comparison to find reused passwords, leaked passwords, and shared passwords. ",{"data":18321,"content":18322,"nodeType":860},{},[18323,18327,18332,18335,18340],{"data":18324,"marks":18325,"value":18326,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using the ",{"data":18328,"marks":18329,"value":18331,"nodeType":864},{},[18330],{"type":899},"MFA enforcement",{"data":18333,"marks":18334,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18336,"marks":18337,"value":18339,"nodeType":864},{},[18338],{"type":899},"Strong password enforcement",{"data":18341,"marks":18342,"value":18343,"nodeType":864},{},[]," controls, you can then automatically display a banner to users with those account vulnerabilities, guiding them to fix the issue.",{"data":18345,"content":18349,"nodeType":996},{"target":18346},{"sys":18347},{"id":18348,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7Ka4CumZk9it6GsdlNHREA",[],{"data":18351,"content":18352,"nodeType":860},{},[18353,18357,18362],{"data":18354,"marks":18355,"value":18356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Push’s ",{"data":18358,"marks":18359,"value":18361,"nodeType":864},{},[18360],{"type":899},"Password protection",{"data":18363,"marks":18364,"value":18365,"nodeType":864},{},[]," control, you can select apps where you want to essentially “pin” the high-value password to only that app and prevent its reuse (or phishing) on any other domain. ",{"data":18367,"content":18368,"nodeType":860},{},[18369,18372,18377],{"data":18370,"marks":18371,"value":18356,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18373,"marks":18374,"value":18376,"nodeType":864},{},[18375],{"type":899},"Browser extension blocking",{"data":18378,"marks":18379,"value":18380,"nodeType":864},{},[]," control, you can create a blocklist or allowlist of extensions and prevent users from installing or enabling blocked extensions.",{"data":18382,"content":18383,"nodeType":860},{},[18384,18388,18392],{"data":18385,"marks":18386,"value":18387,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, using Push’s ",{"data":18389,"marks":18390,"value":1366,"nodeType":864},{},[18391],{"type":899},{"data":18393,"marks":18394,"value":18395,"nodeType":864},{},[]," feature, you can add custom messages in a range of modes — from informing to blocking — to apps in use across your business, or even specific URL patterns.",{"data":18397,"content":18401,"nodeType":996},{"target":18398},{"sys":18399},{"id":18400,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5Mq4PEzEhW8p1qLvS9aZMm",[],{"data":18403,"content":18404,"nodeType":1312},{},[18405],{"data":18406,"marks":18407,"value":18409,"nodeType":864},{},[18408],{"type":899},"Your security team gets: ",{"data":18411,"content":18412,"nodeType":860},{},[18413],{"data":18414,"marks":18415,"value":18416,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A flexible and highly configurable set of controls to solve account vulnerabilities at scale and to enforce your security controls around browser extensions and app usage.",{"data":18418,"content":18419,"nodeType":1312},{},[18420],{"data":18421,"marks":18422,"value":18424,"nodeType":864},{},[18423],{"type":899},"Your end-users see: ",{"data":18426,"content":18427,"nodeType":860},{},[18428],{"data":18429,"marks":18430,"value":18431,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Contextual, actionable guidance in the midst of their actual workflow, helping them fix the issue or guiding them to safety.",{"data":18433,"content":18434,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":18436,"content":18437,"nodeType":1009},{},[18438],{"data":18439,"marks":18440,"value":18442,"nodeType":864},{},[18441],{"type":899},"Implementation tips",{"data":18444,"content":18445,"nodeType":860},{},[18446],{"data":18447,"marks":18448,"value":18449,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push allows you to set the scope and mode of each control, making it simple to roll out. ",{"data":18451,"content":18452,"nodeType":860},{},[18453,18457,18461,18465,18469,18473,18478],{"data":18454,"marks":18455,"value":18456,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recommend starting in ",{"data":18458,"marks":18459,"value":1334,"nodeType":864},{},[18460],{"type":899},{"data":18462,"marks":18463,"value":18464,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode for controls that intervene in end-user activities. That way, you can perform testing with sample malicious sites or scenarios like reused protected passwords, tune out any benign true positives, and develop the messaging you want to use on warn or block pages. (For controls without an explicit monitor mode, like ",{"data":18466,"marks":18467,"value":18339,"nodeType":864},{},[18468],{"type":899},{"data":18470,"marks":18471,"value":18472,"nodeType":864},{},[],", you can still monitor for related events on the ",{"data":18474,"marks":18475,"value":18477,"nodeType":864},{},[18476],{"type":899},"Events",{"data":18479,"marks":18480,"value":18481,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page, such as account security findings, or by consuming webhooks into a downstream tool.)",{"data":18483,"content":18487,"nodeType":996},{"target":18484},{"sys":18485},{"id":18486,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7vk8DHv01cM1o2C0ZpAvZu",[],{"data":18489,"content":18490,"nodeType":860},{},[18491,18495,18499,18502,18506],{"data":18492,"marks":18493,"value":18494,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When you’re ready, set the mode to ",{"data":18496,"marks":18497,"value":1503,"nodeType":864},{},[18498],{"type":899},{"data":18500,"marks":18501,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":18503,"marks":18504,"value":1397,"nodeType":864},{},[18505],{"type":899},{"data":18507,"marks":18508,"value":18509,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and use the scope options to perform a phased rollout to your user population by adding additional user groups to the control until you have complete coverage of your population.",{"data":18511,"content":18512,"nodeType":860},{},[18513],{"data":18514,"marks":18515,"value":18516,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By consuming webhook events into your SIEM, you can integrate Push alerts into your existing security workflows, monitoring for new detections or tracking when account vulnerabilities are resolved.",{"data":18518,"content":18519,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":18521,"content":18522,"nodeType":1009},{},[18523],{"data":18524,"marks":18525,"value":18527,"nodeType":864},{},[18526],{"type":899},"Enhancing user trust with custom branding",{"data":18529,"content":18530,"nodeType":860},{},[18531],{"data":18532,"marks":18533,"value":18534,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recently released the option to customize the look and feel of all employee-facing banners and block pages. ",{"data":18536,"content":18537,"nodeType":860},{},[18538,18542,18547],{"data":18539,"marks":18540,"value":18541,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From the ",{"data":18543,"marks":18544,"value":18546,"nodeType":864},{},[18545],{"type":899},"Settings",{"data":18548,"marks":18549,"value":18550,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page in the Push admin console, you can upload your logo, add accent colors, and choose from light or dark backgrounds.",{"data":18552,"content":18556,"nodeType":996},{"target":18553},{"sys":18554},{"id":18555,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"51lk1VRP20G7H4PAoRZANI",[],{"data":18558,"content":18559,"nodeType":860},{},[18560],{"data":18561,"marks":18562,"value":18563,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Custom branding increases the trustworthiness of these in-the-moment security guardrails so that users recognize them immediately and act on their guidance.",{"data":18565,"content":18566,"nodeType":860},{},[18567],{"data":18568,"marks":18569,"value":18570,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The result: Better compliance and lower friction for you and your employees.",{"data":18572,"content":18573,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":18575,"content":18576,"nodeType":1009},{},[18577],{"data":18578,"marks":18579,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[18580],{"type":899},{"data":18582,"content":18583,"nodeType":860},{},[18584,18588,18595],{"data":18585,"marks":18586,"value":18587,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform stops browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking — ",{"data":18589,"content":18590,"nodeType":883},{"uri":152},[18591],{"data":18592,"marks":18593,"value":18594,"nodeType":864},{},[],"modern attack techniques",{"data":18596,"marks":18597,"value":18598,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that are the leading cause of breaches today.",{"data":18600,"content":18601,"nodeType":860},{},[18602],{"data":18603,"marks":18604,"value":18605,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either. You can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":18607,"content":18608,"nodeType":860},{},[18609,18613,18621,18625,18633,18637,18643],{"data":18610,"marks":18611,"value":18612,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Want to learn more about Push? 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",[],{},{"nodeType":864,"value":18766,"marks":18767,"data":18769},"It was hard enough to train users not to click links in emails when that was pretty much the only thing they had to watch out for.  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If you’ve allowed your employees to freely install extensions without restriction, then there could be hundreds, if not thousands, of different extensions in use across your business. ",{"data":19080,"content":19081,"nodeType":1312},{},[19082],{"data":19083,"marks":19084,"value":19086,"nodeType":864},{},[19085],{"type":899},"Malicious extensions are good at hiding bad code",{"data":19088,"content":19089,"nodeType":860},{},[19090],{"data":19091,"marks":19092,"value":19093,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Right now, extension stores are fighting a losing battle against attackers. ",{"data":19095,"content":19096,"nodeType":941},{},[19097,19120,19130,19140],{"data":19098,"content":19099,"nodeType":945},{},[19100],{"data":19101,"content":19102,"nodeType":860},{},[19103,19107,19116],{"data":19104,"marks":19105,"value":19106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malicious extensions are being regularly uploaded, bypassing code analysis checks, and even achieving ",{"data":19108,"content":19110,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19109},"https://thehackernews.com/2026/02/malicious-chrome-extensions-caught.html",[19111],{"data":19112,"marks":19113,"value":19115,"nodeType":864},{},[19114],{"type":1455},"“Featured” or “Verified” status",{"data":19117,"marks":19118,"value":19119,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in the app stores. This is because attackers are using dynamically compiled, stealthily smuggled code that can’t be reliably spotted through static code checks or sandbox analysis. ",{"data":19121,"content":19122,"nodeType":945},{},[19123],{"data":19124,"content":19125,"nodeType":860},{},[19126],{"data":19127,"marks":19128,"value":19129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Bad isn't detected until an extension is observed doing malicious things in the wild. Most of the time, this is because there’s been a breach. ",{"data":19131,"content":19132,"nodeType":945},{},[19133],{"data":19134,"content":19135,"nodeType":860},{},[19136],{"data":19137,"marks":19138,"value":19139,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When an extension is reported as bad, it enters a lengthy review process. Unless there’s pressure to act quickly (e.g. there’s a large amount of reporting), it won’t get prioritized. ",{"data":19141,"content":19142,"nodeType":945},{},[19143],{"data":19144,"content":19145,"nodeType":860},{},[19146],{"data":19147,"marks":19148,"value":19149,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Just because an extension is removed from the store doesn’t mean that it’s automatically removed from browsers where it is installed. ",{"data":19151,"content":19152,"nodeType":860},{},[19153,19158,19161],{"data":19154,"marks":19155,"value":19157,"nodeType":864},{},[19156],{"type":899},"The bottom line:",{"data":19159,"marks":19160,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19162,"marks":19163,"value":19165,"nodeType":864},{},[19164],{"type":899},"The security teams at Google and Microsoft analyse and manually approve every single extension upload and code change that enters their store, and even they aren’t detecting bad before malware executes in the victim’s browser. ",{"data":19167,"content":19168,"nodeType":860},{},[19169],{"data":19170,"marks":19171,"value":19172,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Today, there’s no single magic bullet tool or control that organizations can use — unless you simply want to disable browser extensions altogether, which might not be the best option for users and their productivity.",{"data":19174,"content":19175,"nodeType":860},{},[19176],{"data":19177,"marks":19178,"value":19179,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Fortunately, Push is in a good position to help, with its ability to inventory all your browser extensions and help you find and block malicious ones.",{"data":19181,"content":19182,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19184,"content":19185,"nodeType":1009},{},[19186],{"data":19187,"marks":19188,"value":19190,"nodeType":864},{},[19189],{"type":899},"How to securely manage browser extensions (and how Push can help)",{"data":19192,"content":19193,"nodeType":860},{},[19194],{"data":19195,"marks":19196,"value":19197,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s our step-by-step guide to securely using browser extensions in your organization.",{"data":19199,"content":19200,"nodeType":941},{},[19201,19220,19230,19240,19250],{"data":19202,"content":19203,"nodeType":945},{},[19204],{"data":19205,"content":19206,"nodeType":860},{},[19207,19211,19216],{"data":19208,"marks":19209,"value":19210,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 0: Enable ",{"data":19212,"marks":19213,"value":19215,"nodeType":864},{},[19214],{"type":899},"malicious browser extension detection",{"data":19217,"marks":19218,"value":19219,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to stop known-bad extensions from running in your environment. ",{"data":19221,"content":19222,"nodeType":945},{},[19223],{"data":19224,"content":19225,"nodeType":860},{},[19226],{"data":19227,"marks":19228,"value":19229,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 1: Establish an inventory of extensions currently in use across your users and their browsers. ",{"data":19231,"content":19232,"nodeType":945},{},[19233],{"data":19234,"content":19235,"nodeType":860},{},[19236],{"data":19237,"marks":19238,"value":19239,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 2: Risk-assess the extensions running in your environment using Push data.",{"data":19241,"content":19242,"nodeType":945},{},[19243],{"data":19244,"content":19245,"nodeType":860},{},[19246],{"data":19247,"marks":19248,"value":19249,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 3: Create an allowlist or blocklist to control the extensions active in your environment.",{"data":19251,"content":19252,"nodeType":945},{},[19253],{"data":19254,"content":19255,"nodeType":860},{},[19256],{"data":19257,"marks":19258,"value":19259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 4: Monitor for risky changes.",{"data":19261,"content":19262,"nodeType":1312},{},[19263],{"data":19264,"marks":19265,"value":19267,"nodeType":864},{},[19266],{"type":899},"Step 0: Enable malicious browser extension detection in the Push platform",{"data":19269,"content":19270,"nodeType":860},{},[19271],{"data":19272,"marks":19273,"value":19274,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, we recommend you take action to ensure that extensions reported as suspicious or malicious are blocked from running in your environment. ",{"data":19276,"content":19280,"nodeType":996},{"target":19277},{"sys":19278},{"id":19279,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"yniMglSNypgyxmdGVcFxJ",[],{"data":19282,"content":19286,"nodeType":996},{"target":19283},{"sys":19284},{"id":19285,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"37bID8AChVgerAnD6q8NPZ",[],{"data":19288,"content":19289,"nodeType":860},{},[19290],{"data":19291,"marks":19292,"value":19293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re a Push customer, you can ensure that any extension that is reported as malicious is automatically blocked in your environment. This means that the extension gets disabled and cannot run in any browser with the Push extension installed. ",{"data":19295,"content":19296,"nodeType":860},{},[19297],{"data":19298,"marks":19299,"value":19300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push Security research team maintains a global list of known-bad extensions based on threat intelligence reporting. This list is continuously updated and ensures that as soon as an extension is reported as malicious, it is blocked. ",{"data":19302,"content":19303,"nodeType":860},{},[19304,19308,19316],{"data":19305,"marks":19306,"value":19307,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can enable the control via the Controls page in the Push admin console. Admins can configure rules in Off, Monitor, or Block mode. Block mode is recommended, meaning that extensions are disabled and web store access is blocked. You can read more about this in our ",{"data":19309,"content":19311,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19310},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/how-does-push-detect-malicious-browser-extensions",[19312],{"data":19313,"marks":19314,"value":19315,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Help Center",{"data":19317,"marks":19318,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19320,"content":19321,"nodeType":860},{},[19322],{"data":19323,"marks":19324,"value":19325,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When an extension is flagged as malicious, a detection event will be generated and appear on the Detections page in the Push admin console. The severity of these detections is classified as follows:",{"data":19327,"content":19328,"nodeType":941},{},[19329,19344,19359],{"data":19330,"content":19331,"nodeType":945},{},[19332],{"data":19333,"content":19334,"nodeType":860},{},[19335,19340],{"data":19336,"marks":19337,"value":19339,"nodeType":864},{},[19338],{"type":899},"Low",{"data":19341,"marks":19342,"value":19343,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for an extension that has never been enabled. The control prevented either the installation or the extension from being enabled.",{"data":19345,"content":19346,"nodeType":945},{},[19347],{"data":19348,"content":19349,"nodeType":860},{},[19350,19355],{"data":19351,"marks":19352,"value":19354,"nodeType":864},{},[19353],{"type":899},"Medium",{"data":19356,"marks":19357,"value":19358,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for an extension that was installed and enabled, but has been disabled by the control. ",{"data":19360,"content":19361,"nodeType":945},{},[19362],{"data":19363,"content":19364,"nodeType":860},{},[19365,19370],{"data":19366,"marks":19367,"value":19369,"nodeType":864},{},[19368],{"type":899},"High",{"data":19371,"marks":19372,"value":19373,"nodeType":864},{},[]," if the extension was enabled and is still active (i.e. the control was in monitor mode).",{"data":19375,"content":19379,"nodeType":996},{"target":19376},{"sys":19377},{"id":19378,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1yOPlBKtLGYyN80OCJ9qMn",[],{"data":19381,"content":19382,"nodeType":1312},{},[19383],{"data":19384,"marks":19385,"value":19387,"nodeType":864},{},[19386],{"type":899},"Step 1: Establish an inventory of existing extensions.",{"data":19389,"content":19390,"nodeType":860},{},[19391,19395,19400,19404],{"data":19392,"marks":19393,"value":19394,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Next, we recommend you take stock of what’s already running in your environment so you can begin to make risk-based decisions about what you allow, and what you don’t. This means building an inventory of ",{"data":19396,"marks":19397,"value":19399,"nodeType":864},{},[19398],{"type":899},"every extension ",{"data":19401,"marks":19402,"value":19403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"running in ",{"data":19405,"marks":19406,"value":19408,"nodeType":864},{},[19407],{"type":899},"every browser. ",{"data":19410,"content":19411,"nodeType":860},{},[19412],{"data":19413,"marks":19414,"value":19415,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push provides real-time visibility of extensions installed in every browser across your workforce. ",{"data":19417,"content":19418,"nodeType":860},{},[19419],{"data":19420,"marks":19421,"value":19422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push tracks several key data points, including: ",{"data":19424,"content":19425,"nodeType":941},{},[19426,19436,19446,19456,19466,19476,19486,19496,19506],{"data":19427,"content":19428,"nodeType":945},{},[19429],{"data":19430,"content":19431,"nodeType":860},{},[19432],{"data":19433,"marks":19434,"value":19435,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Extension name, ID, and version number",{"data":19437,"content":19438,"nodeType":945},{},[19439],{"data":19440,"content":19441,"nodeType":860},{},[19442],{"data":19443,"marks":19444,"value":19445,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Update & homepage URL",{"data":19447,"content":19448,"nodeType":945},{},[19449],{"data":19450,"content":19451,"nodeType":860},{},[19452],{"data":19453,"marks":19454,"value":19455,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Extension permissions",{"data":19457,"content":19458,"nodeType":945},{},[19459],{"data":19460,"content":19461,"nodeType":860},{},[19462],{"data":19463,"marks":19464,"value":19465,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Host permissions (where applicable)",{"data":19467,"content":19468,"nodeType":945},{},[19469],{"data":19470,"content":19471,"nodeType":860},{},[19472],{"data":19473,"marks":19474,"value":19475,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Deployment method (e.g. managed, manual, sideloaded or development)",{"data":19477,"content":19478,"nodeType":945},{},[19479],{"data":19480,"content":19481,"nodeType":860},{},[19482],{"data":19483,"marks":19484,"value":19485,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Which employees use the extension",{"data":19487,"content":19488,"nodeType":945},{},[19489],{"data":19490,"content":19491,"nodeType":860},{},[19492],{"data":19493,"marks":19494,"value":19495,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Which browsers have the extension installed",{"data":19497,"content":19498,"nodeType":945},{},[19499],{"data":19500,"content":19501,"nodeType":860},{},[19502],{"data":19503,"marks":19504,"value":19505,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Whether the extension is enabled or disabled",{"data":19507,"content":19508,"nodeType":945},{},[19509],{"data":19510,"content":19511,"nodeType":860},{},[19512],{"data":19513,"marks":19514,"value":19515,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Useful metadata like install count, ownership history, update history, and whether the extension has been unlisted from the web store.",{"data":19517,"content":19518,"nodeType":860},{},[19519],{"data":19520,"marks":19521,"value":19522,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This information is critical for assessing risk, as well as providing an early warning of future malicious intent. ",{"data":19524,"content":19525,"nodeType":860},{},[19526,19530,19535],{"data":19527,"marks":19528,"value":19529,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can enable browser extension visibility in the Push platform by going to ",{"data":19531,"marks":19532,"value":19534,"nodeType":864},{},[19533],{"type":899},"Settings > Organization > Browser extension visibility",{"data":19536,"marks":19537,"value":19538,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and toggling on the feature.",{"data":19540,"content":19544,"nodeType":996},{"target":19541},{"sys":19542},{"id":19543,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2LCwZNbSazYGIEfWHZKJRU",[],{"data":19546,"content":19547,"nodeType":1312},{},[19548],{"data":19549,"marks":19550,"value":19239,"nodeType":864},{},[19551],{"type":899},{"data":19553,"content":19554,"nodeType":860},{},[19555],{"data":19556,"marks":19557,"value":19558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now that you’ve built a real-time inventory, you can start to analyse the data to find risky extensions. ",{"data":19560,"content":19561,"nodeType":860},{},[19562],{"data":19563,"marks":19564,"value":19565,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Every extension that is running in your environment expands your potential attack surface, representing another node that can be compromised by an attacker. So it makes sense to only allow those that are absolutely necessary in order to sensibly control the risk. ",{"data":19567,"content":19568,"nodeType":860},{},[19569],{"data":19570,"marks":19571,"value":19572,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can start to investigate and prune extensions based on the properties tracked in the Push platform. For example:",{"data":19574,"content":19575,"nodeType":941},{},[19576,19586,19614,19624],{"data":19577,"content":19578,"nodeType":945},{},[19579],{"data":19580,"content":19581,"nodeType":860},{},[19582],{"data":19583,"marks":19584,"value":19585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Extensions with a low install count from an unverified publisher. ",{"data":19587,"content":19588,"nodeType":945},{},[19589],{"data":19590,"content":19591,"nodeType":860},{},[19592,19596,19601,19605,19610],{"data":19593,"marks":19594,"value":19595,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Extensions that have been ",{"data":19597,"marks":19598,"value":19600,"nodeType":864},{},[19599],{"type":899},"sideloaded",{"data":19602,"marks":19603,"value":19604,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (installed by software on the machine) or are ",{"data":19606,"marks":19607,"value":19609,"nodeType":864},{},[19608],{"type":899},"development",{"data":19611,"marks":19612,"value":19613,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (installed from a folder off-disk when Developer mode is turned on)",{"data":19615,"content":19616,"nodeType":945},{},[19617],{"data":19618,"content":19619,"nodeType":860},{},[19620],{"data":19621,"marks":19622,"value":19623,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Extensions that are used by a small number of employees for niche / non-critical functions. ",{"data":19625,"content":19626,"nodeType":945},{},[19627],{"data":19628,"content":19629,"nodeType":860},{},[19630],{"data":19631,"marks":19632,"value":19633,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Extensions with risky permissions.",{"data":19635,"content":19639,"nodeType":996},{"target":19636},{"sys":19637},{"id":19638,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"FpGNvFgEGj6eAGihoWEUi",[],{"data":19641,"content":19645,"nodeType":996},{"target":19642},{"sys":19643},{"id":19644,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5JccSPh103QIQJxIh9pk4x",[],{"data":19647,"content":19648,"nodeType":1312},{},[19649],{"data":19650,"marks":19651,"value":19653,"nodeType":864},{},[19652],{"type":899},"Step 3: Create an allowlist to control the extensions active in your environment.",{"data":19655,"content":19656,"nodeType":860},{},[19657],{"data":19658,"marks":19659,"value":19660,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using the output of your risk assessment and the data provided by the Push platform, you can control the extensions that you allow your employees to use.",{"data":19662,"content":19663,"nodeType":860},{},[19664],{"data":19665,"marks":19666,"value":19667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To do this, you need to allowlist the extensions you’re happy for employees to use (and block everything else). That way, you remove the ability for employees to add new extensions unless approved by an admin. This means you either:",{"data":19669,"content":19670,"nodeType":941},{},[19671,19681],{"data":19672,"content":19673,"nodeType":945},{},[19674],{"data":19675,"content":19676,"nodeType":860},{},[19677],{"data":19678,"marks":19679,"value":19680,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Add every extension you currently have running in your environment to an allowlist, block everything else, and then start to prune extensions from that list. ",{"data":19682,"content":19683,"nodeType":945},{},[19684],{"data":19685,"content":19686,"nodeType":860},{},[19687],{"data":19688,"marks":19689,"value":19690,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Create a shortened allowlist from the outset. ",{"data":19692,"content":19693,"nodeType":860},{},[19694],{"data":19695,"marks":19696,"value":19697,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both are valid ways of solving the problem, with the first option being the least potentially disruptive (i.e. you’re not switching off a load of extensions in one go). That said, this might not be a viable solution depending on your company size. ",{"data":19699,"content":19703,"nodeType":996},{"target":19700},{"sys":19701},{"id":19702,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6wQW4VqLeLXMXdPPWLhQAF",[],{"data":19705,"content":19706,"nodeType":860},{},[19707,19712,19722],{"data":19708,"marks":19709,"value":19711,"nodeType":864},{},[19710],{"type":899},"You can do this in lots of different ways depending on the OS and browsers used across your workforce. This can get messy depending on the complexity of your environment. But you can do it in a streamlined, browser-agnostic way ",{"data":19713,"content":19715,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19714},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10138/#start",[19716],{"data":19717,"marks":19718,"value":19721,"nodeType":864},{},[19719,19720],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"using Push",{"data":19723,"marks":19724,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[19725],{"type":899},{"data":19727,"content":19731,"nodeType":996},{"target":19728},{"sys":19729},{"id":19730,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"97dDukjKsRsAptpHV1kpn",[],{"data":19733,"content":19734,"nodeType":860},{},[19735],{"data":19736,"marks":19737,"value":19738,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Managing which extensions you’ve opted to allow is a continuous process that will change as user behavior changes and new extensions are added. It’s important that you regularly review whether your current allowlist is fit for purpose. ",{"data":19740,"content":19741,"nodeType":1312},{},[19742],{"data":19743,"marks":19744,"value":19259,"nodeType":864},{},[19745],{"type":899},{"data":19747,"content":19748,"nodeType":860},{},[19749],{"data":19750,"marks":19751,"value":19752,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, once you’ve begun the process of pruning the extensions in your environment and you’ve reached a baseline you’re happy with, it’s now about reviewing and approving any new extension requests, and monitoring for risky changes. ",{"data":19754,"content":19755,"nodeType":860},{},[19756],{"data":19757,"marks":19758,"value":19759,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recommend monitoring for things like:",{"data":19761,"content":19762,"nodeType":941},{},[19763,19773,19783],{"data":19764,"content":19765,"nodeType":945},{},[19766],{"data":19767,"content":19768,"nodeType":860},{},[19769],{"data":19770,"marks":19771,"value":19772,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Regularly reviewing changes in extension ownership + recent updates",{"data":19774,"content":19775,"nodeType":945},{},[19776],{"data":19777,"content":19778,"nodeType":860},{},[19779],{"data":19780,"marks":19781,"value":19782,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Monitoring for updates to extensions to track risky permissions being added ",{"data":19784,"content":19785,"nodeType":945},{},[19786],{"data":19787,"content":19788,"nodeType":860},{},[19789],{"data":19790,"marks":19791,"value":19792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Monitoring for new malicious browser extension detections",{"data":19794,"content":19795,"nodeType":860},{},[19796,19800,19809],{"data":19797,"marks":19798,"value":19799,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s super simple to use Push data to create alerts and feed your detection and response workflows. ",{"data":19801,"content":19803,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19802},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/#start",[19804],{"data":19805,"marks":19806,"value":19808,"nodeType":864},{},[19807],{"type":1455},"See how to connect Push to your SIEM/SOAR and learn more about the Push REST API and webhooks. ",{"data":19810,"marks":19811,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19813,"content":19814,"nodeType":860},{},[19815],{"data":19816,"marks":19817,"value":19818,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At this point, you can then triage and investigate further to see whether additional action is required. ",{"data":19820,"content":19821,"nodeType":1116},{},[19822],{"data":19823,"content":19824,"nodeType":860},{},[19825],{"data":19826,"marks":19827,"value":19829,"nodeType":864},{},[19828],{"type":899},"And there you have it! You’ve secured browser extension use across your organization using Push. ",{"data":19831,"content":19832,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19834,"content":19835,"nodeType":1312},{},[19836],{"data":19837,"marks":19838,"value":19840,"nodeType":864},{},[19839],{"type":899},"Don’t take our word for it …",{"data":19842,"content":19843,"nodeType":860},{},[19844],{"data":19845,"marks":19846,"value":19847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our friends at GitLab echo our thoughts on browser extensions and the value of tools like Push that help them to solve this problem.",{"data":19849,"content":19853,"nodeType":996},{"target":19850},{"sys":19851},{"id":19852,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1m0x2Q6MmOn7ANqCtpYptu",[],{"data":19855,"content":19856,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19858,"content":19859,"nodeType":1009},{},[19860],{"data":19861,"marks":19862,"value":19864,"nodeType":864},{},[19863],{"type":899},"Additional tips",{"data":19866,"content":19867,"nodeType":1312},{},[19868],{"data":19869,"marks":19870,"value":19872,"nodeType":864},{},[19871],{"type":899},"Disable browser syncing",{"data":19874,"content":19875,"nodeType":860},{},[19876],{"data":19877,"marks":19878,"value":19879,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re in the early stages of your extension management process, an extra step you might want to consider is disabling browser syncing for extensions. ",{"data":19881,"content":19882,"nodeType":860},{},[19883,19887,19896],{"data":19884,"marks":19885,"value":19886,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we deploy Push, we find it’s not unusual for people to sign into their work browser with a personal email profile. There’s a significant risk here — if you end up saving and syncing credentials across devices, a compromise on a (usually less secure) personal device can lead to business accounts being compromised. Notably, this was exploited in a ",{"data":19888,"content":19890,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19889},"https://sec.okta.com/articles/harfiles/",[19891],{"data":19892,"marks":19893,"value":19895,"nodeType":864},{},[19894],{"type":1455},"2023 Okta security breach",{"data":19897,"marks":19898,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19900,"content":19901,"nodeType":860},{},[19902],{"data":19903,"marks":19904,"value":19905,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The same model applies to browser extensions. By default, any extension installed from the web store is synced across devices where a profile is logged in and syncing is enabled. ",{"data":19907,"content":19908,"nodeType":860},{},[19909],{"data":19910,"marks":19911,"value":19912,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As an example, you can see how to disable browser extension syncing if you manage Chrome in Google Workspace.",{"data":19914,"content":19918,"nodeType":996},{"target":19915},{"sys":19916},{"id":19917,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"23gbN24WiOzszvwP9zy2MM",[],{"data":19920,"content":19921,"nodeType":860},{},[19922],{"data":19923,"marks":19924,"value":19925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This only applies if you haven’t yet created an allowlist for extensions in your environment, in which case any extensions not on the list will be blocked. ",{"data":19927,"content":19928,"nodeType":860},{},[19929],{"data":19930,"marks":19931,"value":19932,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also use Push to surface which users are logged into their browser using a non-work profile and whether the profile is synced across devices. ",{"data":19934,"content":19938,"nodeType":996},{"target":19935},{"sys":19936},{"id":19937,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"421C3CL6Sfa8gmn56X7lRI",[],{"data":19940,"content":19941,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":19943,"content":19944,"nodeType":1009},{},[19945],{"data":19946,"marks":19947,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[19948],{"type":899},{"data":19950,"content":19951,"nodeType":860},{},[19952,19955,19962],{"data":19953,"marks":19954,"value":18587,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19956,"content":19957,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27},[19958],{"data":19959,"marks":19960,"value":19961,"nodeType":864},{},[],"modern attack techniques that are the leading cause of breaches today",{"data":19963,"marks":19964,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19966,"content":19967,"nodeType":860},{},[19968],{"data":19969,"marks":19970,"value":18605,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19972,"content":19973,"nodeType":860},{},[19974,19978,19987,19990,19999,20003,20011],{"data":19975,"marks":19976,"value":19977,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Want to learn more about Push? ",{"data":19979,"content":19981,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/product-brochure",[19982],{"data":19983,"marks":19984,"value":19986,"nodeType":864},{},[19985],{"type":1455},"Check out our latest product overview",{"data":19988,"marks":19989,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":19991,"content":19993,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19992},"https://pushsecurity.com/product-demo/",[19994],{"data":19995,"marks":19996,"value":19998,"nodeType":864},{},[19997],{"type":1455},"visit our demo library",{"data":20000,"marks":20001,"value":20002,"nodeType":864},{},[],", or ",{"data":20004,"content":20005,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[20006],{"data":20007,"marks":20008,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[20009],{"type":1455},"book some time with one of our team for a live demo",{"data":20012,"marks":20013,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":20015},{"hyperlink":20016,"inline":20017,"block":20018},[],[],[20019,20055,20062,20076,20084,20089,20095,20109,20123,20131,20136,20143],{"sys":20020,"__typename":1740,"content":20021,"name":20054,"title":59},{"id":19052},{"json":20022},{"data":20023,"content":20024,"nodeType":856},{},[20025,20032],{"data":20026,"content":20027,"nodeType":860},{},[20028],{"data":20029,"marks":20030,"value":20031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Imagine the scenario. There’s a small dev team responsible for a basic but widely used extension (let’s say a color picker tool) with millions of users. An attacker just needs to phish a dev (that might not even be working from a device with proper security software or controls), grab the extension code that is publicly available from the store, insert obfuscated malicious code, and upload the new version to the store. As soon as the extension updates, millions of browsers are compromised. ",{"data":20033,"content":20034,"nodeType":860},{},[20035,20040,20050],{"data":20036,"marks":20037,"value":20039,"nodeType":864},{},[20038],{"type":899},"This is why we take our own security processes around extension management so seriously. ",{"data":20041,"content":20043,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20042},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/guide-to-secure-browser-extension-deployment/",[20044],{"data":20045,"marks":20046,"value":20049,"nodeType":864},{},[20047,20048],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"You can find out more about our process here",{"data":20051,"marks":20052,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[20053],{"type":899},"Managing Extensions Guide: IB1",{"sys":20056,"__typename":1724,"title":20057,"caption":20057,"layoutMode":59,"file":20058},{"id":19279},"Enabling the malicious extension detection feature in the Push platform",{"url":20059,"width":20060,"height":20061},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5DUcgBc8Fcx825yar7LX67/f18970551bfb9d59f206add2af106b89/image6.png",1337,767,{"sys":20063,"__typename":1740,"content":20064,"name":20075,"title":59},{"id":19285},{"json":20065},{"nodeType":856,"data":20066,"content":20067},{},[20068],{"nodeType":860,"data":20069,"content":20070},{},[20071],{"nodeType":864,"value":20072,"marks":20073,"data":20074},"Even if you’re blocking employees from installing extensions without admin approval, an extension that was safe and approved yesterday can be malicious today. This is why it’s vital that organizations proactively block known-bad extensions — particularly when extension stores cannot be relied upon to disable extensions already installed in your employee browsers. Early intervention can mean the difference between a malicious update being deployed and browser secrets being stolen, and disabling the extension before any harm is done. ",[],{},"Managing Extensions Guide: IB2",{"sys":20077,"__typename":1724,"title":20078,"caption":20079,"layoutMode":59,"file":20080},{"id":19378},"Malicious browser extension detection event including install path","Malicious browser extension detection event",{"url":20081,"width":20082,"height":20083},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2p1cdetW36dOixy4kRIhn0/2298cef9060ae451780d359896588a39/malicious_extension_detection_slideout.png",1433,810,{"sys":20085,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":20086,"buttonLabel":20087,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":20088},{"id":19543},"Join Push Security Field CTO Mark Orlando for a teardown of malicious browser extension functionality, and what security teams can do about this growing threat.","Now On-Demand","https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/browser-extension-attacks",{"sys":20090,"__typename":1724,"title":20091,"caption":20091,"layoutMode":59,"file":20092},{"id":19638},"Browser extension permission filtering",{"url":20093,"width":20094,"height":11962},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/297Zj9KN9kGGkSXVK6zWiG/2b4d559fe5fec1e067e602edae889be0/Browser_extension_permission_filtering__2_.gif",1280,{"sys":20096,"__typename":1740,"content":20097,"name":20108,"title":59},{"id":19644},{"json":20098},{"data":20099,"content":20100,"nodeType":856},{},[20101],{"data":20102,"content":20103,"nodeType":860},{},[20104],{"data":20105,"marks":20106,"value":20107,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Pretty much every extension has permissions that could be considered risky and exploited by an attacker, so permissions alone are not a great benchmark for whether it should be allowed or not. But extensive permissions plus an unverified publisher or a recent change in ownership might be enough to prioritize an extension for removal.","Managing Extensions Guide: IB4",{"sys":20110,"__typename":1740,"content":20111,"name":20122,"title":59},{"id":19702},{"json":20112},{"nodeType":856,"data":20113,"content":20114},{},[20115],{"nodeType":860,"data":20116,"content":20117},{},[20118],{"nodeType":864,"value":20119,"marks":20120,"data":20121},"If you plan to restrict the extensions that your employees can install and run, you’ll need to create a workflow where employees can request new extensions and the number of extensions that would need to be reviewed. This is something that you should be able to create using your ITSM tooling in the same way that any other software is requested. ",[],{},"Managing Extensions Guide: IB5",{"sys":20124,"__typename":1724,"title":20125,"caption":20126,"layoutMode":59,"file":20127},{"id":19730},"This extension is not approved for business use","Employees will see a customizable block screen when trying to use extensions that are not approved.",{"url":20128,"width":20129,"height":20130},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2hFpE2X60adttS6vAtyUIO/963e14eb2899163f583e7342db3f0650/image5.png",1440,744,{"sys":20132,"__typename":1724,"title":20133,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":20134},{"id":19852},"GitLab malicious extensions quote",{"url":20135,"width":1736,"height":1737},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/xod7FhG6yTK1iTePEKahw/7f30d66068fd2e36648ed9bab35920c4/image7.png",{"sys":20137,"__typename":1724,"title":20138,"caption":59,"layoutMode":59,"file":20139},{"id":19917},"Disable browser extension syncing in Google Workspace",{"url":20140,"width":20141,"height":20142},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5YSw6EyTZgcx36eXwwdrBQ/8b4ea60632667f07bb6d11841aa8a86c/image4.png",1256,662,{"sys":20144,"__typename":1724,"title":20145,"caption":20145,"layoutMode":59,"file":20146},{"id":19937},"See browser profile across all browsers using Push",{"url":20147,"width":20148,"height":20149},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3eWEtmkukL5JzeArcty88m/22aec4f6ce2ef0d309eab015e1efe493/image1.png",1380,465,{"items":20151},[],{},"How to manage and block browser extensions using Push","2026-03-04T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":20156},[20157,21467,21866],{"__typename":2059,"sys":20158,"content":20160,"title":21453,"synopsis":21454,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":21455,"slug":21456,"tagsCollection":21457,"authorsCollection":21463},{"id":20159},"37KWV8V5L3aNZBSx6JMd0Z",{"json":20161},{"data":20162,"content":20163,"nodeType":856},{},[20164,20171,20178,20243,20250,20319,20325,20332,20339,20342,20349,20356,20363,20465,20484,20491,20533,20540,20547,20554,20587,20593,20625,20631,20638,20645,20678,20698,20701,20708,20714,20745,20752,20759,20766,20772,20779,20785,20800,20843,20849,20868,20871,20878,20884,20904,20911,20942,20963,20969,20990,20997,21004,21064,21071,21077,21091,21105,21125,21131,21152,21159,21162,21169,21175,21182,21189,21210,21216,21236,21242,21249,21282,21300,21303,21310,21316,21323,21344,21350,21365,21371,21378,21385,21404,21407,21413,21420,21427],{"data":20165,"content":20166,"nodeType":860},{},[20167],{"data":20168,"marks":20169,"value":20170,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Looking back over the year’s headlines and trending TTPs, it’s clear that 2025 was the year that browser-based account takeover techniques made the leap into the mainstream.",{"data":20172,"content":20173,"nodeType":860},{},[20174],{"data":20175,"marks":20176,"value":20177,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A few stats tell the story …",{"data":20179,"content":20180,"nodeType":941},{},[20181,20203,20222],{"data":20182,"content":20183,"nodeType":945},{},[20184],{"data":20185,"content":20186,"nodeType":860},{},[20187,20191,20199],{"data":20188,"marks":20189,"value":20190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity-based attacks surged by 32% over the last year, and 97% of identity attacks were password-based, driven by a combination of credential leaks and infostealer malware. (",{"data":20192,"content":20194,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20193},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Microsoft-Digital-Defense-Report-2025.pdf#page=1",[20195],{"data":20196,"marks":20197,"value":20198,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft",{"data":20200,"marks":20201,"value":20202,"nodeType":864},{},[],")",{"data":20204,"content":20205,"nodeType":945},{},[20206],{"data":20207,"content":20208,"nodeType":860},{},[20209,20213,20219],{"data":20210,"marks":20211,"value":20212,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix was the most common initial point of access for adversaries in the past year, accounting for a whopping 47% of observed attacks. (",{"data":20214,"content":20215,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20193},[20216],{"data":20217,"marks":20218,"value":20198,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20220,"marks":20221,"value":20202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20223,"content":20224,"nodeType":945},{},[20225],{"data":20226,"content":20227,"nodeType":860},{},[20228,20232,20240],{"data":20229,"marks":20230,"value":20231,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Pure malware-based attacks declined, as adversaries continued to shift from targeting endpoints to corporate identities. In the last year-plus, 79% of detections were malware-free, up from 40% in 2019. And abuse of valid accounts was responsible for more than one-third of all cloud-related incidents. (",{"data":20233,"content":20235,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20234},"https://www.crowdstrike.com/en-gb/global-threat-report/",[20236],{"data":20237,"marks":20238,"value":20239,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Crowdstrike",{"data":20241,"marks":20242,"value":20202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20244,"content":20245,"nodeType":860},{},[20246],{"data":20247,"marks":20248,"value":20249,"nodeType":864},{},[],"… and so do the headlines from 2025:",{"data":20251,"content":20252,"nodeType":941},{},[20253,20272,20300],{"data":20254,"content":20255,"nodeType":945},{},[20256],{"data":20257,"content":20258,"nodeType":860},{},[20259,20263,20268],{"data":20260,"marks":20261,"value":20262,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers stole over ",{"data":20264,"marks":20265,"value":20267,"nodeType":864},{},[20266],{"type":899},"1.5 billion records",{"data":20269,"marks":20270,"value":20271,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from an estimated 1,000+ Salesforce tenants by exploiting integrations (Salesloft, Gainsight), phishing credentials, and by tricking users into installing a malicious OAuth app.",{"data":20273,"content":20274,"nodeType":945},{},[20275],{"data":20276,"content":20277,"nodeType":860},{},[20278,20282,20287,20291,20296],{"data":20279,"marks":20280,"value":20281,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Marks & Spencer was hit with a help desk scam that led to a compromised Microsoft Entra account, followed by a ransomware deployment resulting in months of disruption, ",{"data":20283,"marks":20284,"value":20286,"nodeType":864},{},[20285],{"type":899},"$400M",{"data":20288,"marks":20289,"value":20290,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in lost profits, and around ",{"data":20292,"marks":20293,"value":20295,"nodeType":864},{},[20294],{"type":899},"$1.3B",{"data":20297,"marks":20298,"value":20299,"nodeType":864},{},[]," wiped off their stock market valuation at one stage.",{"data":20301,"content":20302,"nodeType":945},{},[20303],{"data":20304,"content":20305,"nodeType":860},{},[20306,20310,20315],{"data":20307,"marks":20308,"value":20309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Jaguar Land Rover was compromised via highly privileged admin accounts — another help desk scam targeting workforce credentials for initial access — resulting in months of disruption that led the UK government to underwrite a ",{"data":20311,"marks":20312,"value":20314,"nodeType":864},{},[20313],{"type":899},"$1.5B",{"data":20316,"marks":20317,"value":20318,"nodeType":864},{},[]," loan to alleviate the supply chain impact. This was the most economically consequential cyber attack yet recorded in a G7 economy.",{"data":20320,"content":20324,"nodeType":996},{"target":20321},{"sys":20322},{"id":20323,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"v5YYnjP2NViOh6Ucxp2Fe",[],{"data":20326,"content":20327,"nodeType":860},{},[20328],{"data":20329,"marks":20330,"value":20331,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At Push, we’ve been closely tracking the evolution of browser-based attacks. Looking back at 2025, we’ve seen a notable increase in the sophistication and frequency of modern attack techniques methods like ClickFix, commodified phish kits that bypass MFA, malicious browser extensions, and many more. (Writing phish kit teardowns for the Push blog is practically a full-time job now.)",{"data":20333,"content":20334,"nodeType":860},{},[20335],{"data":20336,"marks":20337,"value":20338,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’ll take a look at how real-world attacks and our own research drove the features we delivered for Push customers this year to take the fight to adversaries.",{"data":20340,"content":20341,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20343,"content":20344,"nodeType":1009},{},[20345],{"data":20346,"marks":20347,"value":20348,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking increasingly sophisticated phishing-as-a-service tools",{"data":20350,"content":20351,"nodeType":1312},{},[20352],{"data":20353,"marks":20354,"value":20355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What happened",{"data":20357,"content":20358,"nodeType":860},{},[20359],{"data":20360,"marks":20361,"value":20362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The current state of the art for phishing centers on three core developments:",{"data":20364,"content":20365,"nodeType":941},{},[20366,20395,20436],{"data":20367,"content":20368,"nodeType":945},{},[20369],{"data":20370,"content":20371,"nodeType":860},{},[20372,20377,20381,20391],{"data":20373,"marks":20374,"value":20376,"nodeType":864},{},[20375],{"type":899},"Detection evasion: ",{"data":20378,"marks":20379,"value":20380,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversaries demonstrated a ",{"data":20382,"content":20386,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20383},{"sys":20384},{"id":20385,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4XZ6qCr8pjJvcD7hi09x2Y",[20387],{"data":20388,"marks":20389,"value":20390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"creative array of approaches",{"data":20392,"marks":20393,"value":20394,"nodeType":864},{},[]," this year to hide their intentions from end-users and defenders, using methods such as sending phishing emails from legitimate services; serving phishing pages via malvertising and SEO poisoning; and obfuscating URLs. More sophisticated techniques used page-level obfuscation, cross-domain iframes, single-use links, and legitimate OIDC logins to evade detection and analysis from traditional tools.",{"data":20396,"content":20397,"nodeType":945},{},[20398],{"data":20399,"content":20400,"nodeType":860},{},[20401,20406,20410,20419,20423,20433],{"data":20402,"marks":20403,"value":20405,"nodeType":864},{},[20404],{"type":899},"Multi-channel delivery of lures:",{"data":20407,"marks":20408,"value":20409,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Adversaries proved the truism of “phishing doesn’t just happen in the mailbox” this year by increasing their observed use of ",{"data":20411,"content":20415,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20412},{"sys":20413},{"id":20414,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"72lLmy0CXnOp3LWOdcUguX",[20416],{"data":20417,"marks":20418,"value":441,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20420,"marks":20421,"value":20422,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and SEO poisoning — techniques that place malicious pages within trusted contexts like the Google search engine results page — as well as the use of social media services like LinkedIn to ",{"data":20424,"content":20428,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20425},{"sys":20426},{"id":20427,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2yEhB2gFC2TJDLquVP3cg2",[20429],{"data":20430,"marks":20431,"value":20432,"nodeType":864},{},[],"deliver phishing lures",{"data":20434,"marks":20435,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20437,"content":20438,"nodeType":945},{},[20439],{"data":20440,"content":20441,"nodeType":860},{},[20442,20447,20451,20461],{"data":20443,"marks":20444,"value":20446,"nodeType":864},{},[20445],{"type":899},"Commodification of phishing toolkits:",{"data":20448,"marks":20449,"value":20450,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Phishing-as-a-service (PhaaS) kits have become another SaaS with their own supply chain, including developers of malicious tooling, operators who run the campaigns, and brokers who sell stolen credentials and tokens. The incentives for attackers are clear: quick ROI from targeting workforce identities, and out-of-the-box tools that make it easier to efficiently spin up new campaigns or try new techniques. As with any SaaS offering, the customer (attackers, in this case) benefits from rapid innovations they didn’t have to build. We saw this recently with the ",{"data":20452,"content":20456,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20453},{"sys":20454},{"id":20455,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6QLonRmBzbj9h88Y7jD0LU",[20457],{"data":20458,"marks":20459,"value":20460,"nodeType":864},{},[],"addition of a browser-in-the-browser (BitB) technique",{"data":20462,"marks":20463,"value":20464,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to the phish kit Sneaky2FA — a change that makes it even more effective.",{"data":20466,"content":20467,"nodeType":860},{},[20468,20472,20480],{"data":20469,"marks":20470,"value":20471,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In 2025, Push researchers tracked how each of these developments expanded in scope and sophistication. Check out our ",{"data":20473,"content":20475,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20474},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/",[20476],{"data":20477,"marks":20478,"value":20479,"nodeType":864},{},[],"phishing detection evasion techniques matrix",{"data":20481,"marks":20482,"value":20483,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on Github for more detail. ",{"data":20485,"content":20486,"nodeType":860},{},[20487],{"data":20488,"marks":20489,"value":20490,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The takeaways for security teams?",{"data":20492,"content":20493,"nodeType":941},{},[20494,20504,20523],{"data":20495,"content":20496,"nodeType":945},{},[20497],{"data":20498,"content":20499,"nodeType":860},{},[20500],{"data":20501,"marks":20502,"value":20503,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can’t block your way to safety when adversaries are using the same legitimate apps that your employees use.",{"data":20505,"content":20506,"nodeType":945},{},[20507],{"data":20508,"content":20509,"nodeType":860},{},[20510,20514,20519],{"data":20511,"marks":20512,"value":20513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similarly, while end-user training is important, it’s not reasonable to expect employees to know when a SharePoint document link is malicious when it looks identical to the ones they trust every day — because adversaries ",{"data":20515,"marks":20516,"value":20518,"nodeType":864},{},[20517],{"type":2246},"are using the legitimate service",{"data":20520,"marks":20521,"value":20522,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Push researchers have observed the abuse of hundreds of legitimate services in phishing attacks this year.",{"data":20524,"content":20525,"nodeType":945},{},[20526],{"data":20527,"content":20528,"nodeType":860},{},[20529],{"data":20530,"marks":20531,"value":20532,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security solutions need to be able to analyze real-time context and behavior, not rely solely on inferences from secondary characteristics like domain reputation.",{"data":20534,"content":20535,"nodeType":860},{},[20536],{"data":20537,"marks":20538,"value":20539,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here's what we built to help defend organizations.",{"data":20541,"content":20542,"nodeType":1312},{},[20543],{"data":20544,"marks":20545,"value":20546,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What we built",{"data":20548,"content":20549,"nodeType":860},{},[20550],{"data":20551,"marks":20552,"value":20553,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The feature we built in 2025 that gave us unique insight into these TTPs is Push’s Detections capability. With Detections, you can:",{"data":20555,"content":20556,"nodeType":941},{},[20557,20567,20577],{"data":20558,"content":20559,"nodeType":945},{},[20560],{"data":20561,"content":20562,"nodeType":860},{},[20563],{"data":20564,"marks":20565,"value":20566,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get alerted when Push detects a browser-based attack, and see how the Push agent responded to block the attack. The platform provides a front-end view for quick triage, and you can also pipe the detection events to your SIEM or other platform of choice.",{"data":20568,"content":20569,"nodeType":945},{},[20570],{"data":20571,"content":20572,"nodeType":860},{},[20573],{"data":20574,"marks":20575,"value":20576,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Review a timeline of the incident: Where a phishing link originated; whether a user entered their credentials; what kind of phishkit was detected; and how Push responded (configurable based on your environment).",{"data":20578,"content":20579,"nodeType":945},{},[20580],{"data":20581,"content":20582,"nodeType":860},{},[20583],{"data":20584,"marks":20585,"value":20586,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get actionable telemetry and metadata about an incident, including a screenshot of the malicious page to see exactly what the user saw; intel about the involved domains, including when they were registered and if they’ve been scanned by urlscan before; and the blast radius of an attack, including other apps that shared a password with the potentially compromised account",{"data":20588,"content":20592,"nodeType":996},{"target":20589},{"sys":20590},{"id":20591,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5dygPaG3Gfw4Yeicffv6tV",[],{"data":20594,"content":20595,"nodeType":860},{},[20596,20600,20605,20608,20613,20616,20621],{"data":20597,"marks":20598,"value":20599,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This telemetry — combined with Push’s out-of-the-box controls like ",{"data":20601,"marks":20602,"value":20604,"nodeType":864},{},[20603],{"type":899},"Phishing tool detection",{"data":20606,"marks":20607,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20609,"marks":20610,"value":20612,"nodeType":864},{},[20611],{"type":899},"Cloned login page detection",{"data":20614,"marks":20615,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20617,"marks":20618,"value":20620,"nodeType":864},{},[20619],{"type":899},"Malicious copy and paste detection",{"data":20622,"marks":20623,"value":20624,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (aka ClickFix detection) — give you a seat on the user’s side of the equation, capturing real-time information about what users did and the TTPs of an attack so you can investigate and respond efficiently and confidently.",{"data":20626,"content":20630,"nodeType":996},{"target":20627},{"sys":20628},{"id":20629,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"563fJFSgoLDOwSXSQ9Y0MM",[],{"data":20632,"content":20633,"nodeType":860},{},[20634],{"data":20635,"marks":20636,"value":20637,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With the visibility provided by this telemetry across Push’s install base, our R&D and Product teams have rapidly iterated all year on our detections to increase coverage and respond quickly to newly identified attack types.",{"data":20639,"content":20640,"nodeType":860},{},[20641],{"data":20642,"marks":20643,"value":20644,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This year, we also released:",{"data":20646,"content":20647,"nodeType":941},{},[20648,20658,20668],{"data":20649,"content":20650,"nodeType":945},{},[20651],{"data":20652,"content":20653,"nodeType":860},{},[20654],{"data":20655,"marks":20656,"value":20657,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detections for new variants of cloned login pages and AiTM phish kits.",{"data":20659,"content":20660,"nodeType":945},{},[20661],{"data":20662,"content":20663,"nodeType":860},{},[20664],{"data":20665,"marks":20666,"value":20667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"12+ pre-release detections focused on flagging emerging attacker techniques.",{"data":20669,"content":20670,"nodeType":945},{},[20671],{"data":20672,"content":20673,"nodeType":860},{},[20674],{"data":20675,"marks":20676,"value":20677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"7+ first-class SIEM and SOAR integrations, to make it simpler to ingest Push telemetry and operationalize it.",{"data":20679,"content":20680,"nodeType":860},{},[20681,20685,20695],{"data":20682,"marks":20683,"value":20684,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about Push’s detections features in our ",{"data":20686,"content":20690,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20687},{"sys":20688},{"id":20689,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6OFdfAsoPUECeRAetWvedp",[20691],{"data":20692,"marks":20693,"value":20694,"nodeType":864},{},[],"blog article",{"data":20696,"marks":20697,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20699,"content":20700,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20702,"content":20703,"nodeType":1009},{},[20704],{"data":20705,"marks":20706,"value":20707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking ClickFix-style malicious copy and paste attacks",{"data":20709,"content":20710,"nodeType":1312},{},[20711],{"data":20712,"marks":20713,"value":20355,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20715,"content":20716,"nodeType":860},{},[20717,20721,20729,20733,20741],{"data":20718,"marks":20719,"value":20720,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix-style attacks left their mark in 2025, quickly becoming one of the most prevalent attack techniques — with ",{"data":20722,"content":20724,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20723},"https://www.scworld.com/news/clickfix-phishing-links-increased-nearly-400-in-12-months-report-says",[20725],{"data":20726,"marks":20727,"value":20728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"estimates",{"data":20730,"marks":20731,"value":20732,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of a 400 percent year-over-year increase, and another ",{"data":20734,"content":20736,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20735},"https://web-assets.esetstatic.com/wls/en/papers/threat-reports/eset-threat-report-h12025.pdf",[20737],{"data":20738,"marks":20739,"value":20740,"nodeType":864},{},[],"report",{"data":20742,"marks":20743,"value":20744,"nodeType":864},{},[]," documenting a 517 percent growth in just the last 6 months of the year.",{"data":20746,"content":20747,"nodeType":860},{},[20748],{"data":20749,"marks":20750,"value":20751,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What is ClickFix? This attack technique prompts the user to solve some kind of problem or troubleshooting step in the browser — often presented as a CAPTCHA challenge. The key aspect of the attack is that it tricks users into running malicious commands on their device by copying malicious code from the page clipboard and running it locally. (The copy typically occurs  automatically via the page itself, but can also be performed manually by the user.)",{"data":20753,"content":20754,"nodeType":860},{},[20755],{"data":20756,"marks":20757,"value":20758,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These malicious copy and paste attacks are often used to deliver infostealer malware or remote access software, with the attacker’s end goal being stealing session cookies and credentials to facilitate attacks on business apps.",{"data":20760,"content":20761,"nodeType":860},{},[20762],{"data":20763,"marks":20764,"value":20765,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What’s especially challenging about this attack type is that it usually can only be detected after the fact — when a machine is already compromised, or malicious code attempts to execute (if EDR catches it). Even if it is detected, security teams are left flying blind when they try to determine the initial vector for the attack, and which other users might have been targeted.",{"data":20767,"content":20768,"nodeType":1312},{},[20769],{"data":20770,"marks":20771,"value":20546,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20773,"content":20774,"nodeType":860},{},[20775],{"data":20776,"marks":20777,"value":20778,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because of our position in the browser, Push is uniquely positioned to detect and block browser-native attacks like ClickFix and other forms of malicious copy and paste techniques. So that’s what we built.",{"data":20780,"content":20784,"nodeType":996},{"target":20781},{"sys":20782},{"id":20783,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"56jVT7dbNqUGiSRTfTCQw2",[],{"data":20786,"content":20787,"nodeType":860},{},[20788,20792,20796],{"data":20789,"marks":20790,"value":20791,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With our ",{"data":20793,"marks":20794,"value":20620,"nodeType":864},{},[20795],{"type":899},{"data":20797,"marks":20798,"value":20799,"nodeType":864},{},[],", you can:",{"data":20801,"content":20802,"nodeType":941},{},[20803,20813,20823,20833],{"data":20804,"content":20805,"nodeType":945},{},[20806],{"data":20807,"content":20808,"nodeType":860},{},[20809],{"data":20810,"marks":20811,"value":20812,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detect ClickFix-style attacks as soon as they target end-users, regardless of the delivery channel for the lure, or the specifics of the malware type and execution.",{"data":20814,"content":20815,"nodeType":945},{},[20816],{"data":20817,"content":20818,"nodeType":860},{},[20819],{"data":20820,"marks":20821,"value":20822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block these attacks before the malicious code is copied to the clipboard.",{"data":20824,"content":20825,"nodeType":945},{},[20826],{"data":20827,"content":20828,"nodeType":860},{},[20829],{"data":20830,"marks":20831,"value":20832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Safely collect the payload for further investigation by your security team, and replace the clipboard contents with safe text as part of the blocking action.",{"data":20834,"content":20835,"nodeType":945},{},[20836],{"data":20837,"content":20838,"nodeType":860},{},[20839],{"data":20840,"marks":20841,"value":20842,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Capture a detailed timeline of events to see how users were targeted and how the attack unfolded.",{"data":20844,"content":20848,"nodeType":996},{"target":20845},{"sys":20846},{"id":20847,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"sALkMt8UbTZ2f34hKvGLj",[],{"data":20850,"content":20851,"nodeType":860},{},[20852,20856,20865],{"data":20853,"marks":20854,"value":20855,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about ClickFix detection in our ",{"data":20857,"content":20860,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20858},{"sys":20859},{"id":17974,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[20861],{"data":20862,"marks":20863,"value":20864,"nodeType":864},{},[],"documentation",{"data":20866,"marks":20867,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20869,"content":20870,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":20872,"content":20873,"nodeType":1009},{},[20874],{"data":20875,"marks":20876,"value":20877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Getting ahead of breaches tied to stolen credentials and ghost logins",{"data":20879,"content":20880,"nodeType":1312},{},[20881],{"data":20882,"marks":20883,"value":20355,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20885,"content":20886,"nodeType":860},{},[20887,20891,20901],{"data":20888,"marks":20889,"value":20890,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Starting in November 2024 and continuing through July 2025, adversaries linked to the HELLCAT threat group compromised Jira tenants belonging to 10 organizations using ",{"data":20892,"content":20896,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20893},{"sys":20894},{"id":20895,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"gANCbeL9AnxmbGAE5HhyG",[20897],{"data":20898,"marks":20899,"value":20900,"nodeType":864},{},[],"stolen credentials",{"data":20902,"marks":20903,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20905,"content":20906,"nodeType":860},{},[20907],{"data":20908,"marks":20909,"value":20910,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Business-critical applications like Jira are prime targets for attackers, who in this case dumped valuable data and then held it for ransom (or sold it on criminal marketplaces). Of course, this isn’t just a problem for Jira — data from Push’s initial deployment into customer environments shows that lots of critical apps lack basic controls like strong passwords and MFA.",{"data":20912,"content":20913,"nodeType":860},{},[20914,20918,20926,20930,20938],{"data":20915,"marks":20916,"value":20917,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The evolving threat group known as ",{"data":20919,"content":20922,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20920},{"sys":20921},{"id":18820,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[20923],{"data":20924,"marks":20925,"value":13219,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20927,"marks":20928,"value":20929,"nodeType":864},{},[]," has also embraced the use of stolen creds, session cookies, and unprotected local account logins — aka ",{"data":20931,"content":20933,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/ghost_logins/description.md",[20934],{"data":20935,"marks":20936,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ghost logins",{"data":20939,"marks":20940,"value":20941,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — to compromise large organizations.",{"data":20943,"content":20944,"nodeType":860},{},[20945,20949,20959],{"data":20946,"marks":20947,"value":20948,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In 2025, Red Hat’s GitLab instance was compromised due to a local account that essentially provided a backdoor to an otherwise secure and SSO-connected account — an attack reminiscent of the ",{"data":20950,"content":20954,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20951},{"sys":20952},{"id":20953,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"PAPJPr3CIB6J20udYyy1r",[20955],{"data":20956,"marks":20957,"value":20958,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2024 Snowflake breach",{"data":20960,"marks":20961,"value":20962,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which targeted local logins that lacked MFA.",{"data":20964,"content":20965,"nodeType":1312},{},[20966],{"data":20967,"marks":20968,"value":20546,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":20970,"content":20971,"nodeType":860},{},[20972,20976,20986],{"data":20973,"marks":20974,"value":20975,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push already provided the ability to detect stolen credentials being actively used by employees in your organization with our ",{"data":20977,"content":20981,"nodeType":6011},{"target":20978},{"sys":20979},{"id":20980,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6vCr4d3R1XA1E8dU883l7N",[20982],{"data":20983,"marks":20984,"value":20985,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen credential detection control",{"data":20987,"marks":20988,"value":20989,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This provides an early-warning signal when Push finds a match between credentials for sale on criminal forums with those still being used by your employees, reducing some 99.5% of false positives we usually see with TI feed data.",{"data":20991,"content":20992,"nodeType":860},{},[20993],{"data":20994,"marks":20995,"value":20996,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With Push, you can also identify where employees are logging in with passwords on apps that otherwise should be using SAML, OIDC, or some other federated mechanism — aka the ghost login vulnerability.",{"data":20998,"content":20999,"nodeType":860},{},[21000],{"data":21001,"marks":21002,"value":21003,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This year, we made it easier for security teams to enforce two security fundamentals that help harden accounts and reduce the risk of ATO, even on unmanaged apps:",{"data":21005,"content":21006,"nodeType":941},{},[21007,21036],{"data":21008,"content":21009,"nodeType":945},{},[21010],{"data":21011,"content":21012,"nodeType":860},{},[21013,21018,21022,21032],{"data":21014,"marks":21015,"value":21017,"nodeType":864},{},[21016],{"type":899},"Strong password enforcement:",{"data":21019,"marks":21020,"value":21021,"nodeType":864},{},[]," With this control, you can prompt end-users to ",{"data":21023,"content":21027,"nodeType":6011},{"target":21024},{"sys":21025},{"id":21026,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5aB5x5VXrMv7PDmH0iiK0c",[21028],{"data":21029,"marks":21030,"value":21031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"fix an insecure password",{"data":21033,"marks":21034,"value":21035,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on all your workforce apps, even the ones you don’t centrally manage. ",{"data":21037,"content":21038,"nodeType":945},{},[21039],{"data":21040,"content":21041,"nodeType":860},{},[21042,21047,21050,21060],{"data":21043,"marks":21044,"value":21046,"nodeType":864},{},[21045],{"type":899},"MFA enforcement:",{"data":21048,"marks":21049,"value":21021,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21051,"content":21055,"nodeType":6011},{"target":21052},{"sys":21053},{"id":21054,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"wikyVxlHwKUOKM9xo19eP",[21056],{"data":21057,"marks":21058,"value":21059,"nodeType":864},{},[],"register for MFA",{"data":21061,"marks":21062,"value":21063,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where Push detects it’s missing — again, even on unmanaged apps.",{"data":21065,"content":21066,"nodeType":860},{},[21067],{"data":21068,"marks":21069,"value":21070,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both of these controls use in-browser banners to provide point-in-time guidance to users when they’re most likely to see it and act on it.",{"data":21072,"content":21076,"nodeType":996},{"target":21073},{"sys":21074},{"id":21075,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3XH0hnnhcZNI47PhdiD4q0",[],{"data":21078,"content":21079,"nodeType":860},{},[21080,21084,21088],{"data":21081,"marks":21082,"value":21083,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To address the pattern of adversaries moving from targeting hardened core apps such as identity providers to the likes of GitLab, Postman, Jira, and others containing valuable corporate data, we also expanded one of the Push platform’s core security controls called ",{"data":21085,"marks":21086,"value":18361,"nodeType":864},{},[21087],{"type":899},{"data":21089,"marks":21090,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21092,"content":21093,"nodeType":860},{},[21094,21097,21101],{"data":21095,"marks":21096,"value":2761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21098,"marks":21099,"value":18361,"nodeType":864},{},[21100],{"type":899},{"data":21102,"marks":21103,"value":21104,"nodeType":864},{},[]," control previously could be applied only to IdP passwords, allowing you to essentially “pin” the credential for those systems so that it could never be entered on a phishing page or reused on any other app. ",{"data":21106,"content":21107,"nodeType":860},{},[21108,21112,21121],{"data":21109,"marks":21110,"value":21111,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We expanded that control to allow you to ",{"data":21113,"content":21116,"nodeType":6011},{"target":21114},{"sys":21115},{"id":18162,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[21117],{"data":21118,"marks":21119,"value":21120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"protect passwords on any valuable app",{"data":21122,"marks":21123,"value":21124,"nodeType":864},{},[],", preventing account takeover through phished creds and reducing the blast radius of attacks when a compromised account has been reusing passwords on multiple applications.",{"data":21126,"content":21130,"nodeType":996},{"target":21127},{"sys":21128},{"id":21129,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"74l82HIeaumFX4u9AMjj79",[],{"data":21132,"content":21133,"nodeType":860},{},[21134,21138,21148],{"data":21135,"marks":21136,"value":21137,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push also now gives you visibility into where employees are ",{"data":21139,"content":21143,"nodeType":6011},{"target":21140},{"sys":21141},{"id":21142,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7uLeQ9twNl5RyNaWkkJNjd",[21144],{"data":21145,"marks":21146,"value":21147,"nodeType":864},{},[],"syncing their corporate browser profile",{"data":21149,"marks":21150,"value":21151,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to a personal profile, raising the risk of syncing corporate passwords to unmanaged devices — another vector for credential harvesting if those endpoints become compromised.",{"data":21153,"content":21154,"nodeType":860},{},[21155],{"data":21156,"marks":21157,"value":21158,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And of course, underlying all these features is the foundational visibility of all your apps, accounts, account vulnerabilities, and login methods that Push provides.",{"data":21160,"content":21161,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21163,"content":21164,"nodeType":1009},{},[21165],{"data":21166,"marks":21167,"value":21168,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking malicious browser extensions",{"data":21170,"content":21171,"nodeType":1312},{},[21172],{"data":21173,"marks":21174,"value":20355,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21176,"content":21177,"nodeType":860},{},[21178],{"data":21179,"marks":21180,"value":21181,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Getting visibility and control over all the browser extensions used across your workforce has long been a thorny problem for security teams. ",{"data":21183,"content":21184,"nodeType":860},{},[21185],{"data":21186,"marks":21187,"value":21188,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The possible solutions haven’t been great, either. Teams could either apply a blunt-force block for most or all extensions, or spend painstaking time trying to understand what was installed, why, and by whom, across all the browsers in the environment.",{"data":21190,"content":21191,"nodeType":860},{},[21192,21196,21206],{"data":21193,"marks":21194,"value":21195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The urgency of solving this problem increased for many organizations this year after the December 2024 compromise of at least 35 Google Chrome extensions in a ",{"data":21197,"content":21201,"nodeType":6011},{"target":21198},{"sys":21199},{"id":21200,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6sprbTRpfnTJsP3mGR2gKa",[21202],{"data":21203,"marks":21204,"value":21205,"nodeType":864},{},[],"campaign targeting browser extension developers",{"data":21207,"marks":21208,"value":21209,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Cyberhaven’s extension was one of these, and the campaign inherited their name.",{"data":21211,"content":21212,"nodeType":1312},{},[21213],{"data":21214,"marks":21215,"value":20546,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21217,"content":21218,"nodeType":860},{},[21219,21223,21232],{"data":21220,"marks":21221,"value":21222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With Push, you can now get visibility across ",{"data":21224,"content":21227,"nodeType":6011},{"target":21225},{"sys":21226},{"id":18247,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[21228],{"data":21229,"marks":21230,"value":21231,"nodeType":864},{},[],"all the browser extensions",{"data":21233,"marks":21234,"value":21235,"nodeType":864},{},[]," installed on employee browsers in your environment, and block the ones you don’t want.",{"data":21237,"content":21241,"nodeType":996},{"target":21238},{"sys":21239},{"id":21240,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5J5jdmwugy7yU8GGwxe7iH",[],{"data":21243,"content":21244,"nodeType":860},{},[21245],{"data":21246,"marks":21247,"value":21248,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also:",{"data":21250,"content":21251,"nodeType":941},{},[21252,21262,21272],{"data":21253,"content":21254,"nodeType":945},{},[21255],{"data":21256,"content":21257,"nodeType":860},{},[21258],{"data":21259,"marks":21260,"value":21261,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Review extensions with risky permissions.",{"data":21263,"content":21264,"nodeType":945},{},[21265],{"data":21266,"content":21267,"nodeType":860},{},[21268],{"data":21269,"marks":21270,"value":21271,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identify extensions with potentially suspicious installation methods, such as sideloaded or manually installed.",{"data":21273,"content":21274,"nodeType":945},{},[21275],{"data":21276,"content":21277,"nodeType":860},{},[21278],{"data":21279,"marks":21280,"value":21281,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block extensions based on user groups and browser profiles (e.g. profiles logged in with a company domain).",{"data":21283,"content":21284,"nodeType":860},{},[21285,21289,21297],{"data":21286,"marks":21287,"value":21288,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about extension visibility and management in our ",{"data":21290,"content":21293,"nodeType":6011},{"target":21291},{"sys":21292},{"id":18247,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[21294],{"data":21295,"marks":21296,"value":20864,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21298,"marks":21299,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21301,"content":21302,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21304,"content":21305,"nodeType":1009},{},[21306],{"data":21307,"marks":21308,"value":21309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adding a layer of protection against help desk scams",{"data":21311,"content":21312,"nodeType":1312},{},[21313],{"data":21314,"marks":21315,"value":20355,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21317,"content":21318,"nodeType":860},{},[21319],{"data":21320,"marks":21321,"value":21322,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, another big theme in this year’s TTPs was the use of help desk social engineering to compromise organizations. ",{"data":21324,"content":21325,"nodeType":860},{},[21326,21330,21340],{"data":21327,"marks":21328,"value":21329,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers like ",{"data":21331,"content":21335,"nodeType":6011},{"target":21332},{"sys":21333},{"id":21334,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"wgpdyHDn9NcpIJNr7jnFp",[21336],{"data":21337,"marks":21338,"value":21339,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider",{"data":21341,"marks":21342,"value":21343,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — now known as part of the evolving cybercriminal group Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters — have targeted organizations including MGM Resorts and Marks & Spencer by convincing help desk staff to help them bypass MFA or reset credentials for accounts they then use to access corporate systems. ",{"data":21345,"content":21346,"nodeType":1312},{},[21347],{"data":21348,"marks":21349,"value":20546,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21351,"content":21352,"nodeType":860},{},[21353,21357,21362],{"data":21354,"marks":21355,"value":21356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To provide an additional layer of security when verifying employee identities during help desk interactions, Push introduced ",{"data":21358,"marks":21359,"value":21361,"nodeType":864},{},[21360],{"type":899},"Employee verification codes",{"data":21363,"marks":21364,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21366,"content":21370,"nodeType":996},{"target":21367},{"sys":21368},{"id":21369,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"19Baqh5QwbonzsR0EcaDS8",[],{"data":21372,"content":21373,"nodeType":860},{},[21374],{"data":21375,"marks":21376,"value":21377,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are a rotating 6-digit verification code accessible via the Push Security extension dropdown. When an employee contacts your help desk, staff can use this code to help verify their identity before performing any sensitive account changes.",{"data":21379,"content":21380,"nodeType":860},{},[21381],{"data":21382,"marks":21383,"value":21384,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employee verification codes are lightweight, rotate every 24 hours, and don’t require any additional apps or devices.",{"data":21386,"content":21387,"nodeType":860},{},[21388,21392,21401],{"data":21389,"marks":21390,"value":21391,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about verification codes in our ",{"data":21393,"content":21397,"nodeType":6011},{"target":21394},{"sys":21395},{"id":21396,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4rLP8wr6HnvBG2OzqYYKpF",[21398],{"data":21399,"marks":21400,"value":20694,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21402,"marks":21403,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21405,"content":21406,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21408,"content":21409,"nodeType":1009},{},[21410],{"data":21411,"marks":21412,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21414,"content":21415,"nodeType":860},{},[21416],{"data":21417,"marks":21418,"value":21419,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. ",{"data":21421,"content":21422,"nodeType":860},{},[21423],{"data":21424,"marks":21425,"value":21426,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":21428,"content":21429,"nodeType":860},{},[21430,21434,21440,21444,21450],{"data":21431,"marks":21432,"value":21433,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To learn more about Push, check out our latest ",{"data":21435,"content":21436,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18615},[21437],{"data":21438,"marks":21439,"value":18620,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21441,"marks":21442,"value":21443,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or book some time with one of our team for a ",{"data":21445,"content":21446,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6914},[21447],{"data":21448,"marks":21449,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21451,"marks":21452,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Taking the fight to attackers: Push’s top features of 2025","Here’s how real-world attacks and our own R&D informed what we built for Push customers over the last year.","2025-12-17T00:00:00.000Z","taking-the-fight-to-attackers-top-features-of-2025",{"items":21458},[21459,21461],{"sys":21460,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":21462,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":21464},[21465],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":21466},{"url":853},{"__typename":2059,"sys":21468,"content":21469,"title":18658,"synopsis":21851,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":21852,"slug":18659,"tagsCollection":21853,"authorsCollection":21859},{"id":17803},{"json":21470},{"data":21471,"content":21472,"nodeType":856},{},[21473,21481,21488,21495,21507,21519,21527,21534,21541,21548,21554,21557,21565,21572,21579,21591,21598,21605,21613,21620,21668,21684,21691,21699,21706,21733,21740,21748,21796,21803,21839,21845],{"data":21474,"content":21475,"nodeType":1009},{},[21476],{"data":21477,"marks":21478,"value":21480,"nodeType":864},{},[21479],{"type":899},"EDR is still the best tool for attacks that touch the endpoint",{"data":21482,"content":21483,"nodeType":860},{},[21484],{"data":21485,"marks":21486,"value":21487,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tooling is fundamental to modern security. It earned its place as a foundational control by moving defense away from static, known-bad indicators and toward deep, real-time detection, investigation, and response based on behavior observed in a live environment. ",{"data":21489,"content":21490,"nodeType":860},{},[21491],{"data":21492,"marks":21493,"value":21494,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By running an agent inside the operating system, EDR gave defenders something they never had before: visibility into what was actually happening on the host as it happened, and the ability to act on it.",{"data":21496,"content":21497,"nodeType":860},{},[21498,21502],{"data":21499,"marks":21500,"value":21501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That agent-level visibility is still incredibly powerful. File system changes, process execution, memory behavior, or registry modifications is the kind of telemetry that enables threat hunting, exposes fileless attacks, and allows teams to contain incidents by isolating a device or killing a malicious process. ",{"data":21503,"marks":21504,"value":21506,"nodeType":864},{},[21505],{"type":899},"For anything that touches the endpoint, EDR remains the right tool.",{"data":21508,"content":21509,"nodeType":860},{},[21510,21514],{"data":21511,"marks":21512,"value":21513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But that’s the key constraint: ",{"data":21515,"marks":21516,"value":21518,"nodeType":864},{},[21517],{"type":2246},"for anything that touches the endpoint.",{"data":21520,"content":21521,"nodeType":1312},{},[21522],{"data":21523,"marks":21524,"value":21526,"nodeType":864},{},[21525],{"type":899},"But modern attacks have moved beyond the endpoint",{"data":21528,"content":21529,"nodeType":860},{},[21530],{"data":21531,"marks":21532,"value":21533,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reality of how work gets done has shifted. Most applications are now SaaS-based and accessed entirely through a browser. Employees authenticate, move data, administer systems, and interact with customers inside a browser window. And attackers have followed them there.",{"data":21535,"content":21536,"nodeType":860},{},[21537],{"data":21538,"marks":21539,"value":21540,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When attacks play out in the browser, endpoint-level signals often never appear. From the operating system’s perspective, there’s just a browser process behaving normally. The EDR agent is doing exactly what it was designed to do, but the activity that matters is happening within the browser itself.",{"data":21542,"content":21543,"nodeType":860},{},[21544],{"data":21545,"marks":21546,"value":21547,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s the gap teams are running into. EDR protects the integrity of the host, but it has no visibility into the live application session inside the browser. And as attackers consciously avoid the endpoint entirely, that blind spot is becoming harder to ignore.",{"data":21549,"content":21553,"nodeType":996},{"target":21550},{"sys":21551},{"id":21552,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7aVTgi4Btxl6PpzQl8kipW",[],{"data":21555,"content":21556,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21558,"content":21559,"nodeType":1009},{},[21560],{"data":21561,"marks":21562,"value":21564,"nodeType":864},{},[21563],{"type":899},"Attackers are consciously evading EDR",{"data":21566,"content":21567,"nodeType":860},{},[21568],{"data":21569,"marks":21570,"value":21571,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gap endpoint teams are running into isn’t accidental. It’s the result of attackers adapting to where defenders are strongest (and weakest).",{"data":21573,"content":21574,"nodeType":860},{},[21575],{"data":21576,"marks":21577,"value":21578,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern EDR has made compromising the host operating system expensive and noisy. Deep telemetry and constant monitoring mean that even when an attacker manages to execute code on a device, that action is quickly under scrutiny. From there, progress is slow. After all, lateral movement and persistence take time, and all of it carries risk and generates signals defenders are good at catching.",{"data":21580,"content":21581,"nodeType":860},{},[21582,21587],{"data":21583,"marks":21584,"value":21586,"nodeType":864},{},[21585],{"type":899},"So attackers take a different route. ",{"data":21588,"marks":21589,"value":21590,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of targeting the OS, they operate inside the browser session, abusing legitimate access paths to cloud applications directly over the internet. The endpoint just sees a browser session, not the malicious activity that's happening inside it. ",{"data":21592,"content":21593,"nodeType":860},{},[21594],{"data":21595,"marks":21596,"value":21597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"EDR agents are extremely good at protecting the operating system, but their visibility largely stops at the browser boundary. They can see that a browser process is running. They can’t see what a user is actually interacting with inside a specific tab, or what code is executing within the browser.",{"data":21599,"content":21600,"nodeType":860},{},[21601],{"data":21602,"marks":21603,"value":21604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the shift security teams are feeling. Attacks don’t trigger endpoint alerts because they aren’t endpoint attacks. They unfold inside the browser, over standard web sessions, using legitimate accounts. To EDR, the host is unaffected. To the business, the damage is already underway.",{"data":21606,"content":21607,"nodeType":1312},{},[21608],{"data":21609,"marks":21610,"value":21612,"nodeType":864},{},[21611],{"type":899},"How modern attacks circumvent EDR",{"data":21614,"content":21615,"nodeType":860},{},[21616],{"data":21617,"marks":21618,"value":21619,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Examples of modern attacks that are consciously evading EDR by staying off the endpoint include:",{"data":21621,"content":21622,"nodeType":941},{},[21623,21638,21653],{"data":21624,"content":21625,"nodeType":945},{},[21626],{"data":21627,"content":21628,"nodeType":860},{},[21629,21634],{"data":21630,"marks":21631,"value":21633,"nodeType":864},{},[21632],{"type":899},"AiTM phishing: ",{"data":21635,"marks":21636,"value":21637,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Sophisticated attacker-in-the-middle phishing kits render convincing login pages directly in the browser and proxy authentication in real time, stealing credentials or MFA tokens as the user enters them. From the OS perspective, nothing appears unusual; EDR can’t see the page structure or scripts running inside the tab.",{"data":21639,"content":21640,"nodeType":945},{},[21641],{"data":21642,"content":21643,"nodeType":860},{},[21644,21649],{"data":21645,"marks":21646,"value":21648,"nodeType":864},{},[21647],{"type":899},"Session hijacking:",{"data":21650,"marks":21651,"value":21652,"nodeType":864},{},[]," When attackers obtain a valid session token, they gain persistent access to an account without needing a password at all. Once in use, the session typically blends into normal browser activity, generating no endpoint data. ",{"data":21654,"content":21655,"nodeType":945},{},[21656],{"data":21657,"content":21658,"nodeType":860},{},[21659,21664],{"data":21660,"marks":21661,"value":21663,"nodeType":864},{},[21662],{"type":899},"Malicious browser extensions:",{"data":21665,"marks":21666,"value":21667,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Malicious extensions (either made by attackers or hijacked by them) can read page content, intercept credentials, or siphon session tokens. Because extensions operate inside the browser’s execution model, their behavior is largely invisible to endpoint tooling focused on OS-level activity.",{"data":21669,"content":21670,"nodeType":860},{},[21671,21675,21680],{"data":21672,"marks":21673,"value":21674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even attacks that nominally involve the endpoint often stay outside EDR’s strongest visibility. ",{"data":21676,"marks":21677,"value":21679,"nodeType":864},{},[21678],{"type":899},"ClickFix-style social engineering",{"data":21681,"marks":21682,"value":21683,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is a good example. Attackers manipulate users into taking risky actions that look legitimate, the most prominent example being executing malicious commands on the host that are deliberately obfuscated or broken into benign-looking steps. While EDR may catch the code execution (and any malware the execution attempts to install), these techniques are designed to stay ambiguous enough to avoid reliable detection.",{"data":21685,"content":21686,"nodeType":860},{},[21687],{"data":21688,"marks":21689,"value":21690,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All of these attacks succeed for the same reason: the activity unfolds inside the browser. And because EDR was never designed to observe or control what happens inside a live browser session, attackers can operate there with far less resistance.",{"data":21692,"content":21693,"nodeType":1312},{},[21694],{"data":21695,"marks":21696,"value":21698,"nodeType":864},{},[21697],{"type":899},"Extending detection and response to the browser",{"data":21700,"content":21701,"nodeType":860},{},[21702],{"data":21703,"marks":21704,"value":21705,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Defenders need to meet attackers where they actually operate. That means establishing real detection and response capabilities inside the browser itself.",{"data":21707,"content":21708,"nodeType":860},{},[21709,21713,21718,21722,21730],{"data":21710,"marks":21711,"value":21712,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When endpoint security evolved, it did so by putting an agent on the host to observe behavior, collect telemetry, and act at the source — ",{"data":21714,"marks":21715,"value":21717,"nodeType":864},{},[21716],{"type":899},"getting inside the data stream",{"data":21719,"marks":21720,"value":21721,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The same logic applies here. If the browser is where credentials are entered, sessions are established, and attacks unfold, then it needs to be treated as a security surface in its own right. ",{"data":21723,"content":21725,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21724},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/push-plus-network-security",[21726],{"data":21727,"marks":21728,"value":21729,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That doesn't mean just looking at web traffic, but examining client-side browser processes and activity that are the best, earliest indicators of bad activity. ",{"data":21731,"marks":21732,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21734,"content":21735,"nodeType":860},{},[21736],{"data":21737,"marks":21738,"value":21739,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This doesn’t replace EDR. EDR secures the host. Identity tools govern authentication. But the browser, the layer that connects users to everything else, is a blind spot. Extending detection and response into that layer fills the gap while complementing the controls that already work.",{"data":21741,"content":21742,"nodeType":1312},{},[21743],{"data":21744,"marks":21745,"value":21747,"nodeType":864},{},[21746],{"type":899},"Your browser detection and response checklist",{"data":21749,"content":21750,"nodeType":941},{},[21751,21766,21781],{"data":21752,"content":21753,"nodeType":945},{},[21754],{"data":21755,"content":21756,"nodeType":860},{},[21757,21762],{"data":21758,"marks":21759,"value":21761,"nodeType":864},{},[21760],{"type":899},"Browser-native protection: ",{"data":21763,"marks":21764,"value":21765,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Running inside the browser is the only way you can see what page a user is interacting with, what scripts are running, and how the session is behaving in real time. It’s also the only place you can reliably distinguish between normal user activity and attacker-driven manipulation.",{"data":21767,"content":21768,"nodeType":945},{},[21769],{"data":21770,"content":21771,"nodeType":860},{},[21772,21777],{"data":21773,"marks":21774,"value":21776,"nodeType":864},{},[21775],{"type":899},"Behavioral detection:",{"data":21778,"marks":21779,"value":21780,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Detection can’t rely on static indicators. It has to be based on behaviors — like how pages render, how credentials are submitted, and how sessions are established and abused. ",{"data":21782,"content":21783,"nodeType":945},{},[21784],{"data":21785,"content":21786,"nodeType":860},{},[21787,21792],{"data":21788,"marks":21789,"value":21791,"nodeType":864},{},[21790],{"type":899},"Real-time interception:",{"data":21793,"marks":21794,"value":21795,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Response has to be immediate. Blocking credential submission, interrupting a malicious action, capturing high-fidelity context, all of that needs to happen at the point of interaction — before an account is compromised.",{"data":21797,"content":21798,"nodeType":860},{},[21799],{"data":21800,"marks":21801,"value":21802,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is what it means to extend detection and response to the browser: not another tool bolted onto the stack, but a necessary evolution in how modern attacks are actually stopped.",{"data":21804,"content":21805,"nodeType":1116},{},[21806],{"data":21807,"content":21808,"nodeType":860},{},[21809,21812,21818,21821,21827,21830,21836],{"data":21810,"marks":21811,"value":19977,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21813,"content":21814,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[21815],{"data":21816,"marks":21817,"value":19986,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21819,"marks":21820,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21822,"content":21823,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19992},[21824],{"data":21825,"marks":21826,"value":19998,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21828,"marks":21829,"value":20002,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21831,"content":21832,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[21833],{"data":21834,"marks":21835,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21837,"marks":21838,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":21840,"content":21844,"nodeType":996},{"target":21841},{"sys":21842},{"id":21843,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1doMkOu2ZuGqMp2VJgV5pb",[],{"data":21846,"content":21847,"nodeType":860},{},[21848],{"data":21849,"marks":21850,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why extending detection and response into the browser is crucial in the face of modern attacks that consciously evade the network and endpoint. ","2026-01-30T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":21854},[21855,21857],{"sys":21856,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":21858,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":21860},[21861],{"fullName":21862,"firstName":21863,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":21864},"Peyton Padfield","Peyton",{"url":21865},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1GU01HXElmc07nwi89qP3b/3188050420106c62e9df2ed4e4893b7f/1677005177901__1_.jpeg",{"__typename":2059,"sys":21867,"content":21868,"title":18654,"synopsis":22359,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":21852,"slug":18655,"tagsCollection":22360,"authorsCollection":22366},{"id":17782},{"json":21869},{"data":21870,"content":21871,"nodeType":856},{},[21872,21880,21887,21894,21906,21914,21921,21928,21935,21943,21946,21954,21961,21968,21975,21994,22000,22007,22025,22033,22151,22154,22162,22169,22181,22188,22194,22201,22208,22216,22223,22231,22238,22245,22252,22300,22312,22348,22353],{"data":21873,"content":21874,"nodeType":1009},{},[21875],{"data":21876,"marks":21877,"value":21879,"nodeType":864},{},[21878],{"type":899},"Defense used to start at the network perimeter",{"data":21881,"content":21882,"nodeType":860},{},[21883],{"data":21884,"marks":21885,"value":21886,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you've been working in security for any length of time, you know where defense starts: the network. Long before cloud-first or SaaS-first became default, the perimeter was where defenders had leverage: visibility, enforcement, and control over traffic moving in and out of the organization.",{"data":21888,"content":21889,"nodeType":860},{},[21890],{"data":21891,"marks":21892,"value":21893,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That mental model hasn’t disappeared. Secure Web Gateways, Cloud Access Security Brokers, and the converged Security Service Edge architecture exist because the problem they solve is still real. Organizations generate an enormous volume of web traffic, and someone has to monitor it, filter it, and enforce policy at scale. These tools sit inline, log metadata, apply categorization, and block what’s already known to be dangerous. Without them, the environment quickly becomes unmanageable and extremely difficult to secure.",{"data":21895,"content":21896,"nodeType":860},{},[21897,21901],{"data":21898,"marks":21899,"value":21900,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They are very good at what they were designed to do: securing the wire. ",{"data":21902,"marks":21903,"value":21905,"nodeType":864},{},[21904],{"type":899},"But what happens over the wire is not the full picture. ",{"data":21907,"content":21908,"nodeType":1312},{},[21909],{"data":21910,"marks":21911,"value":21913,"nodeType":864},{},[21912],{"type":899},"Traffic isn't the whole picture anymore",{"data":21915,"content":21916,"nodeType":860},{},[21917],{"data":21918,"marks":21919,"value":21920,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A significant amount of activity happens locally, inside the browser, beyond the visibility of network controls. Modern webpages are effectively complicated web apps that are rendered client-side via JavaScript — and not everything that happens on the page is traffic-generating. ",{"data":21922,"content":21923,"nodeType":860},{},[21924],{"data":21925,"marks":21926,"value":21927,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That distinction matters more than it used to. Authentication, data access, administrative actions, almost all of it now happens inside a browser tab. As a result, the browser has become a central point of both productivity and risk.",{"data":21929,"content":21930,"nodeType":860},{},[21931],{"data":21932,"marks":21933,"value":21934,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Network tools still see the pipeline of traffic moving back and forth. But attackers have adapted to operate within that pipeline rather than around it. They don’t need to break the connection or trigger obvious anomalies. They target the content rendered inside the browser and the user interacting with it.",{"data":21936,"content":21937,"nodeType":860},{},[21938],{"data":21939,"marks":21940,"value":21942,"nodeType":864},{},[21941],{"type":899},"That leaves security teams with noisy traffic visibility and very little insight into the actual attack unfolding inside the browser session.",{"data":21944,"content":21945,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":21947,"content":21948,"nodeType":1009},{},[21949],{"data":21950,"marks":21951,"value":21953,"nodeType":864},{},[21952],{"type":899},"Traffic visibility vs. in-browser context",{"data":21955,"content":21956,"nodeType":860},{},[21957],{"data":21958,"marks":21959,"value":21960,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The modern attacker's playbook is built on a simple idea: stay inside the network’s line of sight without triggering detections or enforcement. Containing operations to the browser layer provides attackers with an easy bypass of many traditional network controls without ever needing to break or evade them outright.",{"data":21962,"content":21963,"nodeType":860},{},[21964],{"data":21965,"marks":21966,"value":21967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They do this by staying ahead of known-bad detection models, constantly rotating domains and URLs, using anti-analysis techniques, and delivering phishing lures through channels that bypass traditional network ingress points like the email gateway (like social media or SMS). In many cases, the link is never evaluated by perimeter controls at all.",{"data":21969,"content":21970,"nodeType":860},{},[21971],{"data":21972,"marks":21973,"value":21974,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This creates a fundamental visibility gap. Network security tools can see a request going to a legitimate-looking destination, but they can’t observe what happens once the page executes client-side in the browser. Malicious scripts and phishing elements often don’t appear until after the page loads and a user interacts with it, leaving nothing obviously known-bad for network controls to detect.",{"data":21976,"content":21977,"nodeType":860},{},[21978,21982,21990],{"data":21979,"marks":21980,"value":21981,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocklists don’t help much here either. Domains rotate constantly, and the window between a phishing site going live and being categorized as malicious is more than enough time for an attacker to succeed. Until that happens, the traffic appears benign and the user is free to interact with the page. And to make matters worse, attackers are leveraging ",{"data":21983,"content":21985,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21984},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-detection-evasion-launch/",[21986],{"data":21987,"marks":21988,"value":21989,"nodeType":864},{},[],"detection evasion techniques",{"data":21991,"marks":21992,"value":21993,"nodeType":864},{},[]," designed to frustrate these detections — meaning most bad pages aren't spotted until it's way too late. ",{"data":21995,"content":21999,"nodeType":996},{"target":21996},{"sys":21997},{"id":21998,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"38X1De97xJ8B6GNXTHW6Y5",[],{"data":22001,"content":22002,"nodeType":860},{},[22003],{"data":22004,"marks":22005,"value":22006,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Consider attacker-in-the-middle phishing. From the proxy’s perspective, everything looks clean: user → reputable domain → “standard” web traffic. The phishing infrastructure is often hidden behind redirects or conditional logic designed to screen out proxies and scanners. Inside the browser session, however, credentials are intercepted, session tokens are harvested, and MFA is bypassed in real time.",{"data":22008,"content":22009,"nodeType":860},{},[22010,22014,22021],{"data":22011,"marks":22012,"value":22013,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For ",{"data":22015,"content":22016,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13214},[22017],{"data":22018,"marks":22019,"value":22020,"nodeType":864},{},[],"modern threat groups",{"data":22022,"marks":22023,"value":22024,"nodeType":864},{},[],", these obscured attack vectors lead directly to initial access and account takeover. The network is no longer the control point where the most consequential attacks can be reliably stopped.",{"data":22026,"content":22027,"nodeType":860},{},[22028],{"data":22029,"marks":22030,"value":22032,"nodeType":864},{},[22031],{"type":2246},"Browser telemetry is key to detecting and blocking malicious content in real-time, rather than relying on blocklists using known-bad indicators like domains and IPs that go out of date as quickly as new entries appear.",{"data":22034,"content":22035,"nodeType":4845},{},[22036,22059,22082,22105,22128],{"data":22037,"content":22038,"nodeType":4581},{},[22039,22049],{"data":22040,"content":22041,"nodeType":8398},{},[22042],{"data":22043,"content":22044,"nodeType":860},{},[22045],{"data":22046,"marks":22047,"value":22048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What you see with traffic analysis",{"data":22050,"content":22051,"nodeType":8398},{},[22052],{"data":22053,"content":22054,"nodeType":860},{},[22055],{"data":22056,"marks":22057,"value":22058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What you can see with browser telemetry",{"data":22060,"content":22061,"nodeType":4581},{},[22062,22072],{"data":22063,"content":22064,"nodeType":4569},{},[22065],{"data":22066,"content":22067,"nodeType":860},{},[22068],{"data":22069,"marks":22070,"value":22071,"nodeType":864},{},[],"HTTP request/response bodies ",{"data":22073,"content":22074,"nodeType":4569},{},[22075],{"data":22076,"content":22077,"nodeType":860},{},[22078],{"data":22079,"marks":22080,"value":22081,"nodeType":864},{},[],"DOM structure fingerprints",{"data":22083,"content":22084,"nodeType":4581},{},[22085,22095],{"data":22086,"content":22087,"nodeType":4569},{},[22088],{"data":22089,"content":22090,"nodeType":860},{},[22091],{"data":22092,"marks":22093,"value":22094,"nodeType":864},{},[],"URLs and headers",{"data":22096,"content":22097,"nodeType":4569},{},[22098],{"data":22099,"content":22100,"nodeType":860},{},[22101],{"data":22102,"marks":22103,"value":22104,"nodeType":864},{},[],"User interaction metadata ",{"data":22106,"content":22107,"nodeType":4581},{},[22108,22118],{"data":22109,"content":22110,"nodeType":4569},{},[22111],{"data":22112,"content":22113,"nodeType":860},{},[22114],{"data":22115,"marks":22116,"value":22117,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cookie values in transit",{"data":22119,"content":22120,"nodeType":4569},{},[22121],{"data":22122,"content":22123,"nodeType":860},{},[22124],{"data":22125,"marks":22126,"value":22127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cookie names and attributes",{"data":22129,"content":22130,"nodeType":4581},{},[22131,22141],{"data":22132,"content":22133,"nodeType":4569},{},[22134],{"data":22135,"content":22136,"nodeType":860},{},[22137],{"data":22138,"marks":22139,"value":22140,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Static JS code",{"data":22142,"content":22143,"nodeType":4569},{},[22144],{"data":22145,"content":22146,"nodeType":860},{},[22147],{"data":22148,"marks":22149,"value":22150,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Script execution patterns and dynamic JS analysis",{"data":22152,"content":22153,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":22155,"content":22156,"nodeType":1009},{},[22157],{"data":22158,"marks":22159,"value":22161,"nodeType":864},{},[22160],{"type":899},"Securing the browser session is key to stopping modern threats",{"data":22163,"content":22164,"nodeType":860},{},[22165],{"data":22166,"marks":22167,"value":22168,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If the browser is where users actually work, and where attackers actually operate, then that’s the layer that defenders need to understand and control.",{"data":22170,"content":22171,"nodeType":860},{},[22172,22176],{"data":22173,"marks":22174,"value":22175,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern web-based attacks don’t succeed because traffic goes uninspected. They succeed because network inspection can’t follow the interaction far enough. Traffic shows where data went, not what the user actually saw or did, ",{"data":22177,"marks":22178,"value":22180,"nodeType":864},{},[22179],{"type":899},"and in today’s attacks, that distinction matters.",{"data":22182,"content":22183,"nodeType":860},{},[22184],{"data":22185,"marks":22186,"value":22187,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To stop these threats, you have to see what the user is actually interacting with. Things like what scripts are loading, how the DOM is being manipulated, or whether the login form a user is using is legitimate or being proxied. Those are page-level signals, and they only exist inside the browser tab.",{"data":22189,"content":22193,"nodeType":996},{"target":22190},{"sys":22191},{"id":22192,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6qMaivxhJ3xT9DkwXGcCSJ",[],{"data":22195,"content":22196,"nodeType":860},{},[22197],{"data":22198,"marks":22199,"value":22200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That same shift applies to control. Destination-based blocking breaks down when the destination itself appears legitimate. Effective intervention requires decisions based on behavior as it unfolds so teams can stop risky or malicious activity that would compromise an account.",{"data":22202,"content":22203,"nodeType":860},{},[22204],{"data":22205,"marks":22206,"value":22207,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And visibility can’t stop at centrally managed applications. Shadow SaaS breaks any assumption that access patterns are uniform or fully governed by the IdP. Local accounts, duplicate identities, and password-only logins don’t show up clearly in network telemetry, but they materially expand the attack surface. Seeing every login, across every app, directly from the browser is the only way to build an accurate picture of who has access to what.",{"data":22209,"content":22210,"nodeType":1312},{},[22211],{"data":22212,"marks":22213,"value":22215,"nodeType":864},{},[22214],{"type":899},"Push provides the missing context for network security",{"data":22217,"content":22218,"nodeType":860},{},[22219],{"data":22220,"marks":22221,"value":22222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At this point, the gap should be clear. Network security gives you strong control over traffic, but very little insight into what actually happens once that traffic lands in a user’s browser.",{"data":22224,"content":22225,"nodeType":860},{},[22226],{"data":22227,"marks":22228,"value":22230,"nodeType":864},{},[22229],{"type":899},"This is where Push can help.",{"data":22232,"content":22233,"nodeType":860},{},[22234],{"data":22235,"marks":22236,"value":22237,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push browser agent extends monitoring into the browser itself, providing the visibility and control that perimeter-based tools can’t deliver. It doesn’t replace SSE, SWG, or CASB. Those tools remain the right way to manage traffic and enforce policy at the edge. Push complements them by operating in the one place they can’t: inside the live browser session.",{"data":22239,"content":22240,"nodeType":860},{},[22241],{"data":22242,"marks":22243,"value":22244,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does this by deploying a browser-native agent, similar in spirit to how EDR works at the host level. That agent gives defenders direct insight into what the network can’t see like the page being rendered, how the user is interacting with it, and the attack techniques that play out entirely within the tab.",{"data":22246,"content":22247,"nodeType":860},{},[22248],{"data":22249,"marks":22250,"value":22251,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With Push deployed, teams gain:",{"data":22253,"content":22254,"nodeType":941},{},[22255,22270,22285],{"data":22256,"content":22257,"nodeType":945},{},[22258],{"data":22259,"content":22260,"nodeType":860},{},[22261,22266],{"data":22262,"marks":22263,"value":22265,"nodeType":864},{},[22264],{"type":899},"Real-time, in-browser threat detection:",{"data":22267,"marks":22268,"value":22269,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Detect and stop attacks like AiTM phishing and session hijacking based on what’s actually happening in the browser. Instead of relying on blocklists or downstream signals, Push identifies attacker behavior as it unfolds and can intervene before credentials or session tokens are stolen.",{"data":22271,"content":22272,"nodeType":945},{},[22273],{"data":22274,"content":22275,"nodeType":860},{},[22276,22281],{"data":22277,"marks":22278,"value":22280,"nodeType":864},{},[22279],{"type":899},"Complete visibility into SaaS access: ",{"data":22282,"marks":22283,"value":22284,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Build a true inventory of user identities and authentication methods across every application in use, including shadow SaaS. Push fills the gaps left by network and IdP logs, giving teams a real picture of where access exists and how it’s being granted.",{"data":22286,"content":22287,"nodeType":945},{},[22288],{"data":22289,"content":22290,"nodeType":860},{},[22291,22296],{"data":22292,"marks":22293,"value":22295,"nodeType":864},{},[22294],{"type":899},"Streamlined hardening at the point of access:",{"data":22297,"marks":22298,"value":22299,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Use the browser as a control point to enforce secure login behavior everywhere it matters. Mandate MFA, steer users toward SSO, and block risky credentials on unmanaged apps, shifting from reactive cleanup to continuous, preventative hardening.",{"data":22301,"content":22302,"nodeType":860},{},[22303,22307],{"data":22304,"marks":22305,"value":22306,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The result is a unified model and real defense in depth. ",{"data":22308,"marks":22309,"value":22311,"nodeType":864},{},[22310],{"type":899},"Network tools secure the pipeline, and Push secures the user moving through it.",{"data":22313,"content":22314,"nodeType":1116},{},[22315],{"data":22316,"content":22317,"nodeType":860},{},[22318,22321,22327,22330,22336,22339,22345],{"data":22319,"marks":22320,"value":19977,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22322,"content":22323,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[22324],{"data":22325,"marks":22326,"value":19986,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22328,"marks":22329,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22331,"content":22332,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19992},[22333],{"data":22334,"marks":22335,"value":19998,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22337,"marks":22338,"value":20002,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22340,"content":22341,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[22342],{"data":22343,"marks":22344,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22346,"marks":22347,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22349,"content":22352,"nodeType":996},{"target":22350},{"sys":22351},{"id":21843,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":22354,"content":22355,"nodeType":860},{},[22356],{"data":22357,"marks":22358,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why network and web traffic only gives you part of the picture when it comes to modern browser-based attacks. ",{"items":22361},[22362,22364],{"sys":22363,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":22365,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":22367},[22368],{"fullName":21862,"firstName":21863,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":22369},{"url":21865},"browser-extension-management-guide","blog/browser-extension-management-guide",{"json":22373},{"data":22374,"content":22375,"nodeType":856},{},[22376],{"data":22377,"content":22378,"nodeType":860},{},[22379],{"data":22380,"marks":22381,"value":22382,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detect risky and malicious extensions and block them from running in employee browsers using Push.","How to detect risky and malicious extensions and block them from running in employee browsers. ",{"id":22385,"publishedAt":22386},"4DqTwJKeCSPnJUc6YPFC5A","2026-08-12T11:53:09.239Z",{"items":22388},[22389,22391],{"sys":22390,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":22392,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":22394},[22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405],{"sys":22396,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":22398,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":22400,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":22402,"name":288,"slug":289,"tier":45},{"id":285},{"sys":22404,"name":633,"slug":634,"tier":45},{"id":630},{"sys":22406,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},"vl_c7avQPw8tARNE4qwt9A3vPfBbetoBf6URaXxK1_8",{"id":22409,"title":22410,"authorsCollection":22411,"content":22416,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":23251,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":23253,"metaTitle":23254,"ogImage":59,"postType":23255,"publishedDate":23256,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":23257,"slug":25861,"stem":25862,"subtitle":59,"summary":25863,"synopsis":25874,"sys":25875,"tagsCollection":25878,"topicsCollection":25884,"__hash__":25906},"blog/blog/consentfix-debrief.json","ConsentFix debrief: latest community insights, recommendations, and predictions",{"items":22412},[22413],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"socialLinks":22414,"profilePicture":22415},[11311],{"url":2740},{"json":22417,"links":23225},{"data":22418,"content":22419,"nodeType":856},{},[22420,22438,22445,22451,22507,22514,22521,22524,22532,22539,22546,22601,22609,22616,22639,22646,22649,22657,22664,22671,22678,22685,22692,22699,22705,22713,22720,22739,22759,22762,22770,22777,22784,22791,22799,22818,22825,22831,22839,22859,22879,22992,22995,23003,23010,23017,23020,23028,23035,23042,23049,23116,23146,23149,23157,23164,23171,23178,23185,23213,23219],{"data":22421,"content":22422,"nodeType":860},{},[22423,22427,22434],{"data":22424,"marks":22425,"value":22426,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In December, the Push Security research team discovered and blocked a brand new attack technique that we coined ",{"data":22428,"content":22429,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7390},[22430],{"data":22431,"marks":22432,"value":5568,"nodeType":864},{},[22433],{"type":1455},{"data":22435,"marks":22436,"value":22437,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This technique merged ClickFix-style social engineering with OAuth consent phishing to hijack Microsoft accounts. ",{"data":22439,"content":22440,"nodeType":860},{},[22441],{"data":22442,"marks":22443,"value":22444,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We saw this attack running across a large network of compromised websites that attackers were injecting the malicious payload into, forming a large-scale campaign that was detected across multiple customer estates. ",{"data":22446,"content":22450,"nodeType":996},{"target":22447},{"sys":22448},{"id":22449,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"603MWDqc9NsqkklIkfGNZN",[],{"data":22452,"content":22453,"nodeType":860},{},[22454,22458,22467,22471,22479,22482,22491,22494,22503],{"data":22455,"marks":22456,"value":22457,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ConsentFix got a pretty awesome response from the community in a very short space of time. Within days, ",{"data":22459,"content":22461,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22460},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AAiiIY-Soak",[22462],{"data":22463,"marks":22464,"value":22466,"nodeType":864},{},[22465],{"type":1455},"John Hammond shared a new and improved version of the technique",{"data":22468,"marks":22469,"value":22470,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that he’d spun up in his own lab, while security researchers from ",{"data":22472,"content":22474,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22473},"https://medium.com/@nitashathakur/consentfix-poc-how-the-attack-works-end-to-end-4f8b656f977d",[22475],{"data":22476,"marks":22477,"value":20198,"nodeType":864},{},[22478],{"type":1455},{"data":22480,"marks":22481,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22483,"content":22485,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22484},"https://www.glueckkanja.com/en/posts/2025-12-31-vulnerability-consentfix",[22486],{"data":22487,"marks":22488,"value":22490,"nodeType":864},{},[22489],{"type":1455},"Glueck Kanja",{"data":22492,"marks":22493,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22495,"content":22497,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22496},"https://msendpointmgr.com/2026/01/08/consentfix-quickfix/",[22498],{"data":22499,"marks":22500,"value":22502,"nodeType":864},{},[22501],{"type":1455},"other individual contributors",{"data":22504,"marks":22505,"value":22506,"nodeType":864},{},[]," all shared analysis and recommendations. ",{"data":22508,"content":22509,"nodeType":860},{},[22510],{"data":22511,"marks":22512,"value":22513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this blog, we’re sharing some new insights on the campaign, pulling together some of the top recommendations and resources shared across the community, and predicting what the future holds for this novel technique as it quickly enters the mainstream. ",{"data":22515,"content":22516,"nodeType":860},{},[22517],{"data":22518,"marks":22519,"value":22520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First though, let’s quickly recap what ConsentFix is and how it works. ",{"data":22522,"content":22523,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":22525,"content":22526,"nodeType":1009},{},[22527],{"data":22528,"marks":22529,"value":22531,"nodeType":864},{},[22530],{"type":899},"ConsentFix 101",{"data":22533,"content":22534,"nodeType":860},{},[22535],{"data":22536,"marks":22537,"value":22538,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ConsentFix is an attack technique that prompts the victim to share an OAuth authorization code with an attacker via a phishing page. The attacker then enters this code into a target application on their own device in order to complete the authorization handshake and take over the account. ",{"data":22540,"content":22541,"nodeType":860},{},[22542],{"data":22543,"marks":22544,"value":22545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By hijacking OAuth, attackers can effectively bypass identity-layer controls like passwords and MFA — even phishing resistant authentication methods like passkeys have no impact on this attack, because it sidesteps the authentication process altogether. ",{"data":22547,"content":22548,"nodeType":860},{},[22549,22553,22562,22565,22573,22577,22586,22590,22598],{"data":22550,"marks":22551,"value":22552,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OAuth abuse attacks are not new. Techniques like ",{"data":22554,"content":22556,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22555},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/consent_phishing/description.md",[22557],{"data":22558,"marks":22559,"value":22561,"nodeType":864},{},[22560],{"type":1455},"consent phishing",{"data":22563,"marks":22564,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22566,"content":22568,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22567},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/device_code_phishing/description.md",[22569],{"data":22570,"marks":22571,"value":17576,"nodeType":864},{},[22572],{"type":1455},{"data":22574,"marks":22575,"value":22576,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have been around for some time. However, these mainly focus on connecting your primary workspace account (e.g. Microsoft, Google, etc.) to a fraudulent, attacker-controlled application. But this is becoming increasingly difficult in core enterprise cloud environments like Azure due to ",{"data":22578,"content":22580,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22579},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/admin/misc/user-consent?view=o365-worldwide",[22581],{"data":22582,"marks":22583,"value":22585,"nodeType":864},{},[22584],{"type":1455},"stricter default configs",{"data":22587,"marks":22588,"value":22589,"nodeType":864},{},[],". That said, device code phishing still featured prominently in the recent ",{"data":22591,"content":22592,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13214},[22593],{"data":22594,"marks":22595,"value":22597,"nodeType":864},{},[22596],{"type":1455},"high-profile Salesforce attacks in 2025",{"data":22599,"marks":22600,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":22602,"content":22603,"nodeType":1312},{},[22604],{"data":22605,"marks":22606,"value":22608,"nodeType":864},{},[22607],{"type":899},"What makes ConsentFix so dangerous?",{"data":22610,"content":22611,"nodeType":860},{},[22612],{"data":22613,"marks":22614,"value":22615,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unlike typical OAuth attacks, the novel ConsentFix approach enabled the attacker to target different types of application to what they usually go after — with big implications for detection and response. In this case, the attacker:",{"data":22617,"content":22618,"nodeType":941},{},[22619,22629],{"data":22620,"content":22621,"nodeType":945},{},[22622],{"data":22623,"content":22624,"nodeType":860},{},[22625],{"data":22626,"marks":22627,"value":22628,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Specifically targeted first-party Microsoft apps that cannot be restricted in the same way as third-party applications, and are pre-consented in every tenant (meaning users can authenticate to them without admin approval). ",{"data":22630,"content":22631,"nodeType":945},{},[22632],{"data":22633,"content":22634,"nodeType":860},{},[22635],{"data":22636,"marks":22637,"value":22638,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Leveraged legacy scopes that are outside the scope of default logging to evade detection, and targeted scopes with known Conditional Access policy exclusions.",{"data":22640,"content":22641,"nodeType":860},{},[22642],{"data":22643,"marks":22644,"value":22645,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means that default controls you’d expect to block malicious OAuth grants don’t apply, you may not have logging enabled to detect it if it did happen to you, and to top it off, conditional access policy exclusions mean that many organizations’ expected controls don’t work as intended in this case. ",{"data":22647,"content":22648,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":22650,"content":22651,"nodeType":1009},{},[22652],{"data":22653,"marks":22654,"value":22656,"nodeType":864},{},[22655],{"type":899},"ConsentFix campaign recap",{"data":22658,"content":22659,"nodeType":860},{},[22660],{"data":22661,"marks":22662,"value":22663,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s quickly recap how the ConsentFix campaign was implemented. ",{"data":22665,"content":22666,"nodeType":860},{},[22667],{"data":22668,"marks":22669,"value":22670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The victim is served a page which requires that they verify that they are human by pasting a URL into the phishing page.",{"data":22672,"content":22673,"nodeType":860},{},[22674],{"data":22675,"marks":22676,"value":22677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clicking the “Sign In” button opens a legitimate Microsoft login page. If the user is already logged in (which they likely are if working in their normal browser) their account information is already pre-populated and they won’t need to authenticate again. ",{"data":22679,"content":22680,"nodeType":860},{},[22681],{"data":22682,"marks":22683,"value":22684,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Selecting their account redirects them to a localhost URL containing an OAuth authorization code — this is what they then post into the original phishing page to complete the attack. ",{"data":22686,"content":22687,"nodeType":860},{},[22688],{"data":22689,"marks":22690,"value":22691,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once the attacker gets the URL, they can exchange it for an access token or refresh token for the particular application being targeted — in this case, Azure CLI.",{"data":22693,"content":22694,"nodeType":860},{},[22695],{"data":22696,"marks":22697,"value":22698,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The TL;DR is that the attacker is manually completing an authorization flow that happens when a user logs into Azure CLI — a a command line client that provides you with the ability to easily manage your Azure AD / Entra ID environment. Except in this case, they’re taking the victim’s information to log in on the attacker’s device instead. ",{"data":22700,"content":22704,"nodeType":996},{"target":22701},{"sys":22702},{"id":22703,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1eZOs7hXi9FzCE92QEP6xh",[],{"data":22706,"content":22707,"nodeType":1312},{},[22708],{"data":22709,"marks":22710,"value":22712,"nodeType":864},{},[22711],{"type":899},"Latest campaign details",{"data":22714,"content":22715,"nodeType":860},{},[22716],{"data":22717,"marks":22718,"value":22719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since we shared our blog post, we’ve had a number of additional details come to light about the campaign, which we’ve continued to track. ",{"data":22721,"content":22722,"nodeType":860},{},[22723,22727,22735],{"data":22724,"marks":22725,"value":22726,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It appears to be linked to Russian state-affiliated APT29, as corroborated by threat researchers we’ve been collaborating with. This is consistent with the ",{"data":22728,"content":22729,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7390},[22730],{"data":22731,"marks":22732,"value":22734,"nodeType":864},{},[22733],{"type":1455},"stealthy tactics we observed",{"data":22736,"marks":22737,"value":22738,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which go far beyond the run-of-the-mill detection evasion techniques we see used in criminal phishing campaigns. ",{"data":22740,"content":22741,"nodeType":860},{},[22742,22746,22755],{"data":22743,"marks":22744,"value":22745,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It shares many similarities with, and appears to be an evolution of, ",{"data":22747,"content":22749,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22748},"https://www.volexity.com/blog/2025/12/04/dangerous-invitations-russian-threat-actor-spoofs-european-security-events-in-targeted-phishing-attacks/",[22750],{"data":22751,"marks":22752,"value":22754,"nodeType":864},{},[22753],{"type":1455},"this Russia-affiliated campaign identified by Volexity",{"data":22756,"marks":22757,"value":22758,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that featured a manual version of the attack — where they victim was social engineered via email into opening the Microsoft URL, copying the localhost response, and sending it back to the attacker via email. ",{"data":22760,"content":22761,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":22763,"content":22764,"nodeType":1009},{},[22765],{"data":22766,"marks":22767,"value":22769,"nodeType":864},{},[22768],{"type":899},"Top contributions from the community",{"data":22771,"content":22772,"nodeType":860},{},[22773],{"data":22774,"marks":22775,"value":22776,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we mentioned earlier, the community response to ConsentFix has been incredible. ",{"data":22778,"content":22779,"nodeType":860},{},[22780],{"data":22781,"marks":22782,"value":22783,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As ever, you get a lot of vendors covering the attack technique with “install our product” as the recommendation. This is to be expected, but it’s misleading when some of these vendors are pushing EDR products that would have absolutely no way of detecting or blocking the attack. ",{"data":22785,"content":22786,"nodeType":860},{},[22787],{"data":22788,"marks":22789,"value":22790,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But cutting through the marketing, a lot of really great resources and recommendations were shared. ",{"data":22792,"content":22793,"nodeType":1312},{},[22794],{"data":22795,"marks":22796,"value":22798,"nodeType":864},{},[22797],{"type":899},"V2.0 released by John Hammond",{"data":22800,"content":22801,"nodeType":860},{},[22802,22806,22814],{"data":22803,"marks":22804,"value":22805,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Within days, John Hammond ",{"data":22807,"content":22808,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22460},[22809],{"data":22810,"marks":22811,"value":22813,"nodeType":864},{},[22812],{"type":1455},"posted about ConsentFix on his Youtube channel",{"data":22815,"marks":22816,"value":22817,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where he showed off a slick improvement on the ConsentFix implementation used by attackers. In his version, the URL containing the Microsoft authorization code was generated in a pop-up browser window that could simply be drag-and-dropped into the phishing page. ",{"data":22819,"content":22820,"nodeType":860},{},[22821],{"data":22822,"marks":22823,"value":22824,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This implementation is way smoother, making it much more likely that a victim would fall for it. And this took a matter of days… ",{"data":22826,"content":22830,"nodeType":996},{"target":22827},{"sys":22828},{"id":22829,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"59tfJDRhGThKD48Wjg7uY2",[],{"data":22832,"content":22833,"nodeType":1312},{},[22834],{"data":22835,"marks":22836,"value":22838,"nodeType":864},{},[22837],{"type":899},"Additional vulnerable first-party apps identified",{"data":22840,"content":22841,"nodeType":860},{},[22842,22846,22855],{"data":22843,"marks":22844,"value":22845,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Fabian Bader and Dirk-jan Mollema from Glueck Kanja have ",{"data":22847,"content":22849,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22848},"https://entrascopes.com/?bypass=true&authcodeFix=true",[22850],{"data":22851,"marks":22852,"value":22854,"nodeType":864},{},[22853],{"type":1455},"shared a great resource",{"data":22856,"marks":22857,"value":22858,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on wider first-party apps that are vulnerable to ConsentFix. ",{"data":22860,"content":22861,"nodeType":860},{},[22862,22866,22875],{"data":22863,"marks":22864,"value":22865,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In total, there are 11 apps vulnerable to ConsentFix that also have known ",{"data":22867,"content":22869,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22868},"https://cloudbrothers.info/conditional-access-bypasses/#documented-bypasses",[22870],{"data":22871,"marks":22872,"value":22874,"nodeType":864},{},[22873],{"type":1455},"Conditional Access exclusions",{"data":22876,"marks":22877,"value":22878,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (either for the app generally, or when specific scopes are requested for the app):",{"data":22880,"content":22881,"nodeType":941},{},[22882,22892,22902,22912,22922,22932,22942,22952,22962,22972,22982],{"data":22883,"content":22884,"nodeType":945},{},[22885],{"data":22886,"content":22887,"nodeType":860},{},[22888],{"data":22889,"marks":22890,"value":22891,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft Azure CLI: 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46",{"data":22893,"content":22894,"nodeType":945},{},[22895],{"data":22896,"content":22897,"nodeType":860},{},[22898],{"data":22899,"marks":22900,"value":22901,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft Azure PowerShell: 1950a258-227b-4e31-a9cf-717495945fc2",{"data":22903,"content":22904,"nodeType":945},{},[22905],{"data":22906,"content":22907,"nodeType":860},{},[22908],{"data":22909,"marks":22910,"value":22911,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft Teams: 1fec8e78-bce4-4aaf-ab1b-5451cc387264",{"data":22913,"content":22914,"nodeType":945},{},[22915],{"data":22916,"content":22917,"nodeType":860},{},[22918],{"data":22919,"marks":22920,"value":22921,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft Whiteboard Client: 57336123-6e14-4acc-8dcf-287b6088aa28",{"data":22923,"content":22924,"nodeType":945},{},[22925],{"data":22926,"content":22927,"nodeType":860},{},[22928],{"data":22929,"marks":22930,"value":22931,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft Flow Mobile PROD-GCCH-CN: 57fcbcfa-7cee-4eb1-8b25-12d2030b4ee0",{"data":22933,"content":22934,"nodeType":945},{},[22935],{"data":22936,"content":22937,"nodeType":860},{},[22938],{"data":22939,"marks":22940,"value":22941,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enterprise Roaming and Backup: 60c8bde5-3167-4f92-8fdb-059f6176dc0",{"data":22943,"content":22944,"nodeType":945},{},[22945],{"data":22946,"content":22947,"nodeType":860},{},[22948],{"data":22949,"marks":22950,"value":22951,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Visual Studio: 872cd9fa-d31f-45e0-9eab-6e460a02d1f1",{"data":22953,"content":22954,"nodeType":945},{},[22955],{"data":22956,"content":22957,"nodeType":860},{},[22958],{"data":22959,"marks":22960,"value":22961,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Aadrm Admin Powershell: 90f610bf-206d-4950-b61d-37fa6fd1b224",{"data":22963,"content":22964,"nodeType":945},{},[22965],{"data":22966,"content":22967,"nodeType":860},{},[22968],{"data":22969,"marks":22970,"value":22971,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft SharePoint Online Management Shell: 9bc3ab49-b65d-410a-85ad-de819febfddc",{"data":22973,"content":22974,"nodeType":945},{},[22975],{"data":22976,"content":22977,"nodeType":860},{},[22978],{"data":22979,"marks":22980,"value":22981,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft Power Query for Excel: a672d62c-fc7b-4e81-a576-e60dc46e951d",{"data":22983,"content":22984,"nodeType":945},{},[22985],{"data":22986,"content":22987,"nodeType":860},{},[22988],{"data":22989,"marks":22990,"value":22991,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Visual Studio Code: aebc6443-996d-45c2-90f0-388ff96faa56",{"data":22993,"content":22994,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":22996,"content":22997,"nodeType":1009},{},[22998],{"data":22999,"marks":23000,"value":23002,"nodeType":864},{},[23001],{"type":899},"Predictions for ConsentFix",{"data":23004,"content":23005,"nodeType":860},{},[23006],{"data":23007,"marks":23008,"value":23009,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Based on the speed at which new iterations on the ConsentFix technique were shared by security researchers, and the breadth of apps and possible scopes that can be leveraged, both red teams and criminals will inevitably adopt ConsentFix into their arsenal of TTPs in the near future. It is likely that new ConsentFix variants will emerge imminently (if not already in circulation). ",{"data":23011,"content":23012,"nodeType":860},{},[23013],{"data":23014,"marks":23015,"value":23016,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All security teams responsible for protecting Microsoft environments should ensure that monitoring controls and mitigations are put in place as a matter of high priority. ",{"data":23018,"content":23019,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23021,"content":23022,"nodeType":1009},{},[23023],{"data":23024,"marks":23025,"value":23027,"nodeType":864},{},[23026],{"type":899},"Updated recommendations for security teams",{"data":23029,"content":23030,"nodeType":860},{},[23031],{"data":23032,"marks":23033,"value":23034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As an entirely browser-native attack technique, many traditional security tools and data sources are of limited use when it comes to detecting or pre-emptively blocking this attack. At the same time, the attack exploits default Microsoft security configs to evade both prevention and detection controls.",{"data":23036,"content":23037,"nodeType":860},{},[23038],{"data":23039,"marks":23040,"value":23041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be able to tackle modern attacks like ConsentFix that occur entirely within the browser context, it is vital that organizations look to monitor the browser as a detection surface, hunt for signs of malicious activity, and block attacks in real-time — in the same way that you would expect EDR to work for endpoint attacks. ",{"data":23043,"content":23044,"nodeType":860},{},[23045],{"data":23046,"marks":23047,"value":23048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For organizations relying on Microsoft logging as the sole line of defense against this attack, there are some new recommendations to add to the list thanks to the community response: ",{"data":23050,"content":23051,"nodeType":941},{},[23052,23075,23085,23106],{"data":23053,"content":23054,"nodeType":945},{},[23055],{"data":23056,"content":23057,"nodeType":860},{},[23058,23062,23071],{"data":23059,"marks":23060,"value":23061,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ensure that logging for the deprecated ",{"data":23063,"content":23065,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23064},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/reference/tables/aadgraphactivitylogs",[23066],{"data":23067,"marks":23068,"value":23070,"nodeType":864},{},[23069],{"type":1455},"AADGraphActivityLogs",{"data":23072,"marks":23073,"value":23074,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is enabled.",{"data":23076,"content":23077,"nodeType":945},{},[23078],{"data":23079,"content":23080,"nodeType":860},{},[23081],{"data":23082,"marks":23083,"value":23084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hunt in logs for the Application IDs highlighted above, along with the Resource IDs for Windows Azure Active Directory (00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000) and Microsoft Intune Checkin (26a4ae64-5862-427f-a9b0-044e62572a4f)",{"data":23086,"content":23087,"nodeType":945},{},[23088],{"data":23089,"content":23090,"nodeType":860},{},[23091,23094,23102],{"data":23092,"marks":23093,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":23095,"content":23096,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22496},[23097],{"data":23098,"marks":23099,"value":23101,"nodeType":864},{},[23100],{"type":1455},"Create Service Principals for each of the vulnerable apps and restrict the users that are authorized to access them",{"data":23103,"marks":23104,"value":23105,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to reduce the attack surface of users that can be phished with this method.",{"data":23107,"content":23108,"nodeType":945},{},[23109],{"data":23110,"content":23111,"nodeType":860},{},[23112],{"data":23113,"marks":23114,"value":23115,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Block access to CLI tools via Conditional Access policy and issue exclusions for authorized users/groups. ",{"data":23117,"content":23118,"nodeType":860},{},[23119,23123,23132,23136,23143],{"data":23120,"marks":23121,"value":23122,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Additional resources that may be of use include community-created ",{"data":23124,"content":23126,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23125},"https://github.com/elastic/detection-rules/pull/5485",[23127],{"data":23128,"marks":23129,"value":23131,"nodeType":864},{},[23130],{"type":1455},"Elastic detection rules",{"data":23133,"marks":23134,"value":23135,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for ConsentFix and further mitigation and hunting guidance from ",{"data":23137,"content":23138,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22484},[23139],{"data":23140,"marks":23141,"value":22490,"nodeType":864},{},[23142],{"type":1455},{"data":23144,"marks":23145,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":23147,"content":23148,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23150,"content":23151,"nodeType":1009},{},[23152],{"data":23153,"marks":23154,"value":23156,"nodeType":864},{},[23155],{"type":899},"Learn more about Push Security",{"data":23158,"content":23159,"nodeType":860},{},[23160],{"data":23161,"marks":23162,"value":23163,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even though this was a brand new technique, Push intercepted this attack and shut it down before customers could interact with it. ",{"data":23165,"content":23166,"nodeType":860},{},[23167],{"data":23168,"marks":23169,"value":23170,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push tackles browser-based attacks using behavioral threat detection controls, powered by deep browser telemetry, to provide broad detection and blocking capabilities against attacks happening in the browser. This means analyzing the end-to-end process of a webpage loading/running in the browser, and how the user interacts with the page, to spot universal indicators of bad activity. ",{"data":23172,"content":23173,"nodeType":860},{},[23174],{"data":23175,"marks":23176,"value":23177,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the only reliable way to detect malicious websites in a world where IoC-based detections are trivial for attackers to get around. Rather than playing known-bad whac-a-mole, Push detects and blocks even zero-day browser threats in real time.",{"data":23179,"content":23180,"nodeType":860},{},[23181],{"data":23182,"marks":23183,"value":23184,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push stops browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, ConsentFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":23186,"content":23187,"nodeType":860},{},[23188,23192,23200,23203,23210],{"data":23189,"marks":23190,"value":23191,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To learn more about Push, ",{"data":23193,"content":23194,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[23195],{"data":23196,"marks":23197,"value":23199,"nodeType":864},{},[23198],{"type":1455},"check out our latest product overview",{"data":23201,"marks":23202,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":23204,"content":23205,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[23206],{"data":23207,"marks":23208,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[23209],{"type":1455},{"data":23211,"marks":23212,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":23214,"content":23218,"nodeType":996},{"target":23215},{"sys":23216},{"id":23217,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4D7zpYAc1tTEAmn2hpkWPe",[],{"data":23220,"content":23221,"nodeType":860},{},[23222],{"data":23223,"marks":23224,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":23226},{"hyperlink":23227,"inline":23228,"block":23229},[],[],[23230,23236,23242,23247],{"sys":23231,"__typename":1724,"title":23232,"caption":23232,"layoutMode":59,"file":23233},{"id":22449},"“ConsentFix” phishing site detected and blocked by Push. ",{"url":23234,"width":1736,"height":23235},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3FyJ6MHYvAi7z9O7LahUer/ac4384da808287779f1e1f622186dcbc/1.png",1185,{"sys":23237,"__typename":1724,"title":23238,"caption":23239,"layoutMode":59,"file":23240},{"id":22703},"ConsentFix attack breakdown.","ConsentFix attack breakdown: The victim is tricked into copy-and-pasting a URL containing OAuth key material into a phishing page.",{"url":23241,"width":1736,"height":16},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7x6SiBWarYH3w4nPfjtf7r/4c1dd037b9ad47ccbba0a87256ecd909/2.png",{"sys":23243,"__typename":1724,"title":23244,"caption":23244,"layoutMode":59,"file":23245},{"id":22829},"John Hammond showed off a slick new ConsentFix implementation.",{"url":23246,"width":20094,"height":11962},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1bjvJgwJQYYITray4cgquD/056744beab8fd24153b1c42b73090aeb/consentfix_v2.gif",{"sys":23248,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":23249,"buttonLabel":1720,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":23250},{"id":23217},"Want to see how security controls match up with modern browser-based attacks? Register for our upcoming webinar for an interactive walkthrough.","https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/investigating-browser-threats",{"items":23252},[],{},"ConsentFix debrief: insights, recommendations & predictions","threat-research","2026-01-14T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":23258},[23259,24117,24728],{"__typename":2059,"sys":23260,"content":23261,"title":15282,"synopsis":24101,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":24102,"slug":15283,"tagsCollection":24103,"authorsCollection":24109},{"id":6210},{"json":23262},{"data":23263,"content":23264,"nodeType":856},{},[23265,23273,23280,23287,23294,23306,23313,23319,23325,23328,23336,23343,23350,23356,23376,23383,23389,23396,23402,23409,23452,23458,23463,23470,23477,23480,23488,23508,23515,23521,23539,23545,23564,23571,23574,23582,23589,23630,23642,23645,23653,23670,23677,23693,23700,23707,23713,23720,23723,23731,23738,23791,23798,23801,23809,23815,23822,23829,23835,23842,23875,23882,23889,23895,23902,23908,23916,23934,23941,23974,23981,24014,24017,24025,24031,24037,24056,24063,24089,24095],{"data":23266,"content":23267,"nodeType":1009},{},[23268],{"data":23269,"marks":23270,"value":23272,"nodeType":864},{},[23271],{"type":899},"Introducing “ConsentFix” — a new kind of phishing attack",{"data":23274,"content":23275,"nodeType":860},{},[23276],{"data":23277,"marks":23278,"value":23279,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push browser agent recently detected and blocked a new attack technique seen targeting several Push customers. ",{"data":23281,"content":23282,"nodeType":860},{},[23283],{"data":23284,"marks":23285,"value":23286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a new kind of browser-based attack technique that takes over user accounts with a simple copy and paste. If you’re already logged into the app in your browser, you don’t even need to supply creds, or pass an MFA check — meaning it effectively circumvents phishing-resistant auth like passkeys too.",{"data":23288,"content":23289,"nodeType":860},{},[23290],{"data":23291,"marks":23292,"value":23293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is so different from the AiTM phish kits we usually come up against that we felt it deserved a new name. ",{"data":23295,"content":23296,"nodeType":860},{},[23297,23302],{"data":23298,"marks":23299,"value":23301,"nodeType":864},{},[23300],{"type":899},"Enter: ConsentFix. ",{"data":23303,"marks":23304,"value":23305,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This attack shares a lot of similarities with ClickFix/FileFix, AiTM phishing, and OAuth Consent Phishing. You can think of this as a browser-native ClickFix attack that phishes an OAuth token on a target app by getting the victim to copy and paste a URL containing OAuth key material into a phishing page. ",{"data":23307,"content":23308,"nodeType":860},{},[23309],{"data":23310,"marks":23311,"value":23312,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The campaign we detected looks to be specifically targeting Microsoft accounts by abusing the Azure CLI OAuth app. Essentially, the attacker tricks the victim into logging into Azure CLI, by generating an OAuth authorization code — visible in a localhost URL — and then pasting that URL (including the code) into an attacker-controlled page. This then creates an OAuth connection between the victim’s Microsoft account and the attacker’s Azure CLI instance. ",{"data":23314,"content":23318,"nodeType":996},{"target":23315},{"sys":23316},{"id":23317,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5GTnqWIbmraz8HZeHMybrP",[],{"data":23320,"content":23324,"nodeType":996},{"target":23321},{"sys":23322},{"id":23323,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1lcjX5q3b1bsuhyOXKvJpW",[],{"data":23326,"content":23327,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23329,"content":23330,"nodeType":1009},{},[23331],{"data":23332,"marks":23333,"value":23335,"nodeType":864},{},[23334],{"type":899},"How ConsentFix works",{"data":23337,"content":23338,"nodeType":860},{},[23339],{"data":23340,"marks":23341,"value":23342,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In all of the examples we saw, the victim accessed a malicious or compromised webpage via Google Search. The vast majority of the sites we’ve seen associated with the campaign are legitimate, compromised websites with high domain reputation that are easily findable via search engines.",{"data":23344,"content":23345,"nodeType":860},{},[23346],{"data":23347,"marks":23348,"value":23349,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker had injected a fake Cloudflare Turnstile into the compromised websites, requiring an email address to be supplied in order to proceed. ",{"data":23351,"content":23355,"nodeType":996},{"target":23352},{"sys":23353},{"id":23354,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"39jEjeLqOYIkGc4o9w3MuX",[],{"data":23357,"content":23358,"nodeType":860},{},[23359,23363,23372],{"data":23360,"marks":23361,"value":23362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This acted as a form of ",{"data":23364,"content":23366,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23365},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/conditional-loading/",[23367],{"data":23368,"marks":23369,"value":23371,"nodeType":864},{},[23370],{"type":1455},"conditional loading",{"data":23373,"marks":23374,"value":23375,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that would only continue if a valid email address and domain was supplied, designed to prevent the page from being analyzed by security bots, analysts, and low-value accounts that run the risk of exposing the campaign before the intended recipient(s) can be phished. ",{"data":23377,"content":23378,"nodeType":860},{},[23379],{"data":23380,"marks":23381,"value":23382,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If a domain not on the target list was provided, the victim was passed back to the original website and the attack did not progress to the next stage. Further, once the check has concluded per IP, the phishing page will no longer activate, even a different email is provided.  ",{"data":23384,"content":23388,"nodeType":996},{"target":23385},{"sys":23386},{"id":23387,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7ttmGnTzi9j87tBXfyFcOA",[],{"data":23390,"content":23391,"nodeType":860},{},[23392],{"data":23393,"marks":23394,"value":23395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After entering an approved email address, the next stage was loaded, prompting the victim to complete a set of instructions on the page to continue.",{"data":23397,"content":23401,"nodeType":996},{"target":23398},{"sys":23399},{"id":23400,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2oHYNoMgAz6MdgLlcWjbaB",[],{"data":23403,"content":23404,"nodeType":860},{},[23405],{"data":23406,"marks":23407,"value":23408,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To complete the attack, the victim must:",{"data":23410,"content":23411,"nodeType":941},{},[23412,23422,23432,23442],{"data":23413,"content":23414,"nodeType":945},{},[23415],{"data":23416,"content":23417,"nodeType":860},{},[23418],{"data":23419,"marks":23420,"value":23421,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Click the “Sign In” button. This opens a new tab that loads a legitimate Microsoft URL associated with the user account/email used to access the page.",{"data":23423,"content":23424,"nodeType":945},{},[23425],{"data":23426,"content":23427,"nodeType":860},{},[23428],{"data":23429,"marks":23430,"value":23431,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If the user is already logged into Microsoft in their browser, they simply need to select their MS account from the dropdown. Otherwise, they will be required to login via the legitimate Microsoft login URL (no phishing takes place at this stage). ",{"data":23433,"content":23434,"nodeType":945},{},[23435],{"data":23436,"content":23437,"nodeType":860},{},[23438],{"data":23439,"marks":23440,"value":23441,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once logged into legit Microsoft or the account is selected from the dropdown, the user is redirected to localhost, which generates a URL containing a code associated with the user’s Microsoft account. ",{"data":23443,"content":23444,"nodeType":945},{},[23445],{"data":23446,"content":23447,"nodeType":860},{},[23448],{"data":23449,"marks":23450,"value":23451,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To complete the phish, the victim copies the URL and pastes it onto the original page. ",{"data":23453,"content":23457,"nodeType":996},{"target":23454},{"sys":23455},{"id":23456,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7zendMbmCViGwtEpUQvq6y",[],{"data":23459,"content":23462,"nodeType":996},{"target":23460},{"sys":23461},{"id":22703,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":23464,"content":23465,"nodeType":860},{},[23466],{"data":23467,"marks":23468,"value":23469,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once the steps are completed, the victim has granted the attacker access to their Microsoft account via Azure CLI. ",{"data":23471,"content":23472,"nodeType":860},{},[23473],{"data":23474,"marks":23475,"value":23476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At this point, the attacker has effective control of the victim’s Microsoft account, but without ever needing to phish a password, or pass an MFA check. In fact, if the user was already logged in to their Microsoft account (i.e. they had an active session) no login is required at all. ",{"data":23478,"content":23479,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23481,"content":23482,"nodeType":1009},{},[23483],{"data":23484,"marks":23485,"value":23487,"nodeType":864},{},[23486],{"type":899},"The next evolution of ClickFix?",{"data":23489,"content":23490,"nodeType":860},{},[23491,23495,23504],{"data":23492,"marks":23493,"value":23494,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we presented ",{"data":23496,"content":23498,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23497},"https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/clickfix",[23499],{"data":23500,"marks":23501,"value":23503,"nodeType":864},{},[23502],{"type":1455},"our last webinar on ClickFix",{"data":23505,"marks":23506,"value":23507,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we predicted that the next evolution of the attack would happen entirely within the browser context. This is because any attack that touches the endpoint (a traditionally much better protected surface) is way more likely to be detected. And with many ClickFix attacks being used to deliver infostealer malware, these attacks are really trying to get back into the browser anyway — to steal credentials and sessions stored there. ",{"data":23509,"content":23510,"nodeType":860},{},[23511],{"data":23512,"marks":23513,"value":23514,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at the page — if you follow Push research, you might be getting déjà vu. ",{"data":23516,"content":23520,"nodeType":996},{"target":23517},{"sys":23518},{"id":23519,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1vMZCJ92IxFdR1EzzCOOvb",[],{"data":23522,"content":23523,"nodeType":860},{},[23524,23528,23536],{"data":23525,"marks":23526,"value":23527,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve seen this kind of embedded video player before (albeit a slicker looking one) that we blogged about as ",{"data":23529,"content":23530,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17604},[23531],{"data":23532,"marks":23533,"value":23535,"nodeType":864},{},[23534],{"type":1455},"the most advanced ClickFix we’d seen",{"data":23537,"marks":23538,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":23540,"content":23544,"nodeType":996},{"target":23541},{"sys":23542},{"id":23543,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"ID7VKJNOZk729P5zBOBjZ",[],{"data":23546,"content":23547,"nodeType":860},{},[23548,23552,23560],{"data":23549,"marks":23550,"value":23551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another similarity with ClickFix campaigns we’ve investigated is the use of Google Search as a delivery vector. 4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push came via Google Search, with attackers using ",{"data":23553,"content":23555,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23554},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/malvertising/",[23556],{"data":23557,"marks":23558,"value":441,"nodeType":864},{},[23559],{"type":1455},{"data":23561,"marks":23562,"value":23563,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and either compromised or custom vibe-coded websites to intercept users as they browse the internet. ",{"data":23565,"content":23566,"nodeType":860},{},[23567],{"data":23568,"marks":23569,"value":23570,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So it seems highly likely that this is a kind of browser-native evolution of ClickFix that shares many elements with typical ClickFix attacks, and is probably used by the same groups of attackers.",{"data":23572,"content":23573,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23575,"content":23576,"nodeType":1009},{},[23577],{"data":23578,"marks":23579,"value":23581,"nodeType":864},{},[23580],{"type":899},"OAuth shenanigans via Azure CLI",{"data":23583,"content":23584,"nodeType":860},{},[23585],{"data":23586,"marks":23587,"value":23588,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The clever use of Azure CLI and OAuth consent abuse is another clever iteration on previous techniques. ",{"data":23590,"content":23591,"nodeType":860},{},[23592,23596,23604,23607,23615,23619,23626],{"data":23593,"marks":23594,"value":23595,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve previously seen ",{"data":23597,"content":23599,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23598},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/consent-phishing/",[23600],{"data":23601,"marks":23602,"value":22561,"nodeType":864},{},[23603],{"type":1455},{"data":23605,"marks":23606,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":23608,"content":23610,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23609},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/device-code-phishing/",[23611],{"data":23612,"marks":23613,"value":17576,"nodeType":864},{},[23614],{"type":1455},{"data":23616,"marks":23617,"value":23618,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks where attackers have tricked victims into connecting malicious external apps into their tenant via OAuth, but this is becoming increasingly difficult in core enterprise cloud environments like Azure due to ",{"data":23620,"content":23621,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22579},[23622],{"data":23623,"marks":23624,"value":22585,"nodeType":864},{},[23625],{"type":1455},{"data":23627,"marks":23628,"value":23629,"nodeType":864},{},[],". However, since Azure CLI is a first-party Microsoft app, it is implicitly trusted in Entra ID, and is excluded from these restrictions. ",{"data":23631,"content":23632,"nodeType":860},{},[23633,23637],{"data":23634,"marks":23635,"value":23636,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First-party apps like Azure CLI are trusted by default in all tenants, allowed to request permissions without admin approval, and cannot be deleted or blocked. They can also be granted special permissions, such as tenant-wide service permissions (without needing admin approval), use of legacy or undocumented graph scopes, internal scopes for Microsoft client operations, and permissions for Office/Entra admin functions. ",{"data":23638,"marks":23639,"value":23641,"nodeType":864},{},[23640],{"type":899},"This makes Azure CLI a prime target for attackers, and significantly more exploitable than when connecting a third-party app. ",{"data":23643,"content":23644,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23646,"content":23647,"nodeType":1009},{},[23648],{"data":23649,"marks":23650,"value":23652,"nodeType":864},{},[23651],{"type":899},"Advanced detection evasion techniques",{"data":23654,"content":23655,"nodeType":860},{},[23656,23660,23666],{"data":23657,"marks":23658,"value":23659,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This campaign features some of the most advanced ",{"data":23661,"content":23662,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8241},[23663],{"data":23664,"marks":23665,"value":21989,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":23667,"marks":23668,"value":23669,"nodeType":864},{},[]," we've seen in the wild. ",{"data":23671,"content":23672,"nodeType":860},{},[23673],{"data":23674,"marks":23675,"value":23676,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As well as the use of Google Search to deliver the lure, and bot protection to prevent security tools from analyzing the page, there were multiple layers of anti-analysis techniques to navigate.",{"data":23678,"content":23679,"nodeType":860},{},[23680,23684,23689],{"data":23681,"marks":23682,"value":23683,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We already mentioned the use of selective targeting based on email addresses and domain names. But all sites involved in the campaign also have synchronized IP blocking — meaning if you visit one site and are served one of the associated phishing pages, the phish will never be served again, ",{"data":23685,"marks":23686,"value":23688,"nodeType":864},{},[23687],{"type":899},"across any of the sites linked to the campaign",{"data":23690,"marks":23691,"value":23692,"nodeType":864},{},[],". When you visit any of the sites again, the phish won't trigger, and it can be browsed as normal. ",{"data":23694,"content":23695,"nodeType":860},{},[23696],{"data":23697,"marks":23698,"value":23699,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the backend, there are multiple checks based on your IP and identifiers unique to your session. Unless all of the conditions are met, certain JavaScript packages won't be served — preventing full inspection of the page to detect malicious elements. ",{"data":23701,"content":23702,"nodeType":860},{},[23703],{"data":23704,"marks":23705,"value":23706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If the conditions aren't met, the page may not load the Cloudflare Turnstile check at all, or will redirect you back to the site to continue browsing as normal.",{"data":23708,"content":23712,"nodeType":996},{"target":23709},{"sys":23710},{"id":23711,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5v0zDoscA6pYLBfkXrNtIH",[],{"data":23714,"content":23715,"nodeType":860},{},[23716],{"data":23717,"marks":23718,"value":23719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All of these make it incredibly hard to detect and block these attacks ahead of time when relying on URL-based checks and traffic analysis.",{"data":23721,"content":23722,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23724,"content":23725,"nodeType":1009},{},[23726],{"data":23727,"marks":23728,"value":23730,"nodeType":864},{},[23729],{"type":899},"Key takeaways",{"data":23732,"content":23733,"nodeType":860},{},[23734],{"data":23735,"marks":23736,"value":23737,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ConsentFix is a dangerous evolution of ClickFix and consent phishing that is incredibly hard for traditional security tools to detect and block, as:",{"data":23739,"content":23740,"nodeType":941},{},[23741,23751,23761,23771,23781],{"data":23742,"content":23743,"nodeType":945},{},[23744],{"data":23745,"content":23746,"nodeType":860},{},[23747],{"data":23748,"marks":23749,"value":23750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack happens entirely inside the browser context, removing one of the key detection opportunities for ClickFix (because it doesn’t touch the endpoint).",{"data":23752,"content":23753,"nodeType":945},{},[23754],{"data":23755,"content":23756,"nodeType":860},{},[23757],{"data":23758,"marks":23759,"value":23760,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Delivering the lure via a Google Search watering hole attack completely circumvents email-based anti-phishing controls.",{"data":23762,"content":23763,"nodeType":945},{},[23764],{"data":23765,"content":23766,"nodeType":860},{},[23767],{"data":23768,"marks":23769,"value":23770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Targeting a first-party app like Azure CLI means that many of the mitigating controls available for third-party app integrations do not apply — making this attack way harder to prevent.",{"data":23772,"content":23773,"nodeType":945},{},[23774],{"data":23775,"content":23776,"nodeType":860},{},[23777],{"data":23778,"marks":23779,"value":23780,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because there’s no login required, phishing-resistant authentication controls like passkeys have no impact on this attack. ",{"data":23782,"content":23783,"nodeType":945},{},[23784],{"data":23785,"content":23786,"nodeType":860},{},[23787],{"data":23788,"marks":23789,"value":23790,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The use of advanced detection evasion techniques makes this attack difficult to investigate, meaning these attacks are going undetected. ",{"data":23792,"content":23793,"nodeType":860},{},[23794],{"data":23795,"marks":23796,"value":23797,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re sure to see more examples of ConsentFix in future. We’ll be monitoring to see how attackers adapt in terms of integrating these capabilities with common as-a-Service offerings to make them more widespread, and whether the scope extends further beyond Microsoft / Azure CLI targets in the future to target other enterprise cloud ecosystems. ",{"data":23799,"content":23800,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":23802,"content":23803,"nodeType":1009},{},[23804],{"data":23805,"marks":23806,"value":23808,"nodeType":864},{},[23807],{"type":899},"Recommendations",{"data":23810,"content":23814,"nodeType":996},{"target":23811},{"sys":23812},{"id":23813,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3aBCwdB2aNnLRxRN5RrshC",[],{"data":23816,"content":23817,"nodeType":860},{},[23818],{"data":23819,"marks":23820,"value":23821,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the backend, exploitation of this attack will lead to login events being observed to the Microsoft Azure CLI app. It’s likely that any legitimate use of this will most likely be limited to system administrators and possibly developers. Therefore, logins outside of these groups will be inherently more suspicious.",{"data":23823,"content":23824,"nodeType":860},{},[23825],{"data":23826,"marks":23827,"value":23828,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Additionally, it’s possible that aspects of the logins themselves will be different between legitimate Azure CLI use and exploitation of this attack. For example, see the following logs from a lab environment. The login events with an application of  “Microsoft Azure CLI” and a resource of “Azure Resource Manager” was legitimate use of the Azure CLI using the powershell CLI framework. Conversely, the login event with the Resource of “Windows Azure Active Directory” was produced by logging in using the method used by the phishing kit.",{"data":23830,"content":23834,"nodeType":996},{"target":23831},{"sys":23832},{"id":23833,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6ie0nkk6XbgwidfwmiGwL4",[],{"data":23836,"content":23837,"nodeType":860},{},[23838],{"data":23839,"marks":23840,"value":23841,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There is no guarantee this can be used to differentiate between legitimate and malicious examples, but it’s another data point to consider. If searching logs you may wish to use the respective GUIDs for these:",{"data":23843,"content":23844,"nodeType":941},{},[23845,23860],{"data":23846,"content":23847,"nodeType":945},{},[23848],{"data":23849,"content":23850,"nodeType":860},{},[23851,23856],{"data":23852,"marks":23853,"value":23855,"nodeType":864},{},[23854],{"type":899},"Application ID",{"data":23857,"marks":23858,"value":23859,"nodeType":864},{},[]," = 04b07795-8ddb-461a-bbee-02f9e1bf7b46",{"data":23861,"content":23862,"nodeType":945},{},[23863],{"data":23864,"content":23865,"nodeType":860},{},[23866,23871],{"data":23867,"marks":23868,"value":23870,"nodeType":864},{},[23869],{"type":899},"Resource ID",{"data":23872,"marks":23873,"value":23874,"nodeType":864},{},[]," = 00000002-0000-0000-c000-000000000000",{"data":23876,"content":23877,"nodeType":860},{},[23878],{"data":23879,"marks":23880,"value":23881,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For interactive logins, like above, you cannot rely on looking for logins from suspicious IP addresses or locations. The login itself occurs from the victims browser directly to Microsoft, and so the IP addresses associated with these events will be the legitimate IP used by the target user, not by the threat actor. ",{"data":23883,"content":23884,"nodeType":860},{},[23885],{"data":23886,"marks":23887,"value":23888,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, for non-interactive logins and other audit logs for actions taken, you may be able to uncover unusual IP addresses that differ from the original interactive login. For example, here are some non-interactive logins that were observed immediately after compromise that came from different IP addresses in both the US and Indonesia.",{"data":23890,"content":23894,"nodeType":996},{"target":23891},{"sys":23892},{"id":23893,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"TD3YeWqgGIWIWM8FRHU4o",[],{"data":23896,"content":23897,"nodeType":860},{},[23898],{"data":23899,"marks":23900,"value":23901,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Interestingly, they differ in which resources they accessed, with one accessing the Windows Azure Active Directory resource ID like the interactive login, but two others accessing the Microsoft Intune Checkin resource ID. ",{"data":23903,"content":23907,"nodeType":996},{"target":23904},{"sys":23905},{"id":23906,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"57PqDQiAiwzqkspVpROQXb",[],{"data":23909,"content":23910,"nodeType":1312},{},[23911],{"data":23912,"marks":23913,"value":23915,"nodeType":864},{},[23914],{"type":899},"IoCs",{"data":23917,"content":23918,"nodeType":860},{},[23919,23923,23930],{"data":23920,"marks":23921,"value":23922,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Short-lived IoCs are of limited value when tackling modern phishing attacks due to the rate at which attackers are able to ",{"data":23924,"content":23925,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8364},[23926],{"data":23927,"marks":23928,"value":8369,"nodeType":864},{},[23929],{"type":1455},{"data":23931,"marks":23932,"value":23933,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in the attack chain, often dynamically serving different URLs to site visitors. ",{"data":23935,"content":23936,"nodeType":860},{},[23937],{"data":23938,"marks":23939,"value":23940,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, the domains used to deliver the final phishing payload were:",{"data":23942,"content":23943,"nodeType":941},{},[23944,23954,23964],{"data":23945,"content":23946,"nodeType":945},{},[23947],{"data":23948,"content":23949,"nodeType":860},{},[23950],{"data":23951,"marks":23952,"value":23953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://trustpointassurance.com/",{"data":23955,"content":23956,"nodeType":945},{},[23957],{"data":23958,"content":23959,"nodeType":860},{},[23960],{"data":23961,"marks":23962,"value":23963,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://fastwaycheck.com/",{"data":23965,"content":23966,"nodeType":945},{},[23967],{"data":23968,"content":23969,"nodeType":860},{},[23970],{"data":23971,"marks":23972,"value":23973,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://previewcentral.com",{"data":23975,"content":23976,"nodeType":860},{},[23977],{"data":23978,"marks":23979,"value":23980,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In addition, we recommend hunting for connections from the following IPs in Azure logs:",{"data":23982,"content":23983,"nodeType":941},{},[23984,23994,24004],{"data":23985,"content":23986,"nodeType":945},{},[23987],{"data":23988,"content":23989,"nodeType":860},{},[23990],{"data":23991,"marks":23992,"value":23993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"12.75.216.90",{"data":23995,"content":23996,"nodeType":945},{},[23997],{"data":23998,"content":23999,"nodeType":860},{},[24000],{"data":24001,"marks":24002,"value":24003,"nodeType":864},{},[],"182.3.36.223",{"data":24005,"content":24006,"nodeType":945},{},[24007],{"data":24008,"content":24009,"nodeType":860},{},[24010],{"data":24011,"marks":24012,"value":24013,"nodeType":864},{},[],"12.75.116.137",{"data":24015,"content":24016,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24018,"content":24019,"nodeType":1009},{},[24020],{"data":24021,"marks":24022,"value":24024,"nodeType":864},{},[24023],{"type":899},"How Push stopped the attack",{"data":24026,"content":24027,"nodeType":860},{},[24028],{"data":24029,"marks":24030,"value":23163,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24032,"content":24036,"nodeType":996},{"target":24033},{"sys":24034},{"id":24035,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5YzpiQH974EYA5iPPZMXkV",[],{"data":24038,"content":24039,"nodeType":860},{},[24040,24044,24052],{"data":24041,"marks":24042,"value":24043,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push doesn’t detect the redirect tricks or rely on outdated domain TI feeds. The reason we detect these attacks (which make it through all the other layers of phishing protection) is that Push sees what your users see. It doesn’t matter what ",{"data":24045,"content":24046,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8241},[24047],{"data":24048,"marks":24049,"value":24051,"nodeType":864},{},[24050],{"type":1455},"delivery channel or camouflage methods are used",{"data":24053,"marks":24054,"value":24055,"nodeType":864},{},[],", Push shuts the attack down in real time, as the user loads the malicious page in their web browser.",{"data":24057,"content":24058,"nodeType":860},{},[24059],{"data":24060,"marks":24061,"value":24062,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t all we do: Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":24064,"content":24065,"nodeType":860},{},[24066,24069,24076,24079,24086],{"data":24067,"marks":24068,"value":23191,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24070,"content":24071,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[24072],{"data":24073,"marks":24074,"value":23199,"nodeType":864},{},[24075],{"type":1455},{"data":24077,"marks":24078,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24080,"content":24081,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[24082],{"data":24083,"marks":24084,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[24085],{"type":1455},{"data":24087,"marks":24088,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24090,"content":24094,"nodeType":996},{"target":24091},{"sys":24092},{"id":24093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6QzB0BlVC5mstXwXHvy2c3",[],{"data":24096,"content":24097,"nodeType":860},{},[24098],{"data":24099,"marks":24100,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Analyzing \"ConsentFix\", a new browser-native attack technique we've detected in the wild, combining OAuth consent phishing with a ClickFix-style user prompt. ","2025-12-11T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":24104},[24105,24107],{"sys":24106,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":24108,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":24110},[24111],{"fullName":24112,"firstName":24113,"jobTitle":24114,"profilePicture":24115},"Luke Jennings","Luke","Vice President, R&D",{"url":24116},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4Hosb4zKi1dA0PUyDLMe1h/27e09d894861f2196ba794037986fb08/T016S22KZ96-U02NVQM7ZD4-57761d542d83-512.jpeg",{"__typename":2059,"sys":24118,"content":24119,"title":15286,"synopsis":24716,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":24717,"slug":15287,"tagsCollection":24718,"authorsCollection":24724},{"id":6236},{"json":24120},{"data":24121,"content":24122,"nodeType":856},{},[24123,24130,24137,24186,24192,24199,24206,24212,24218,24224,24227,24235,24242,24248,24255,24261,24267,24274,24280,24297,24300,24308,24315,24322,24329,24336,24342,24360,24363,24371,24378,24432,24439,24446,24449,24456,24463,24470,24477,24503,24506,24513,24529,24536,24579,24586,24629,24636,24709],{"data":24124,"content":24125,"nodeType":860},{},[24126],{"data":24127,"marks":24128,"value":24129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In recent months, we’ve seen a significant increase in the number of attacks targeting ad manager accounts. These attacks ultimately serve up an Attacker-in-the-Middle (AITM) phishing page designed to steal the victim’s Google account. ",{"data":24131,"content":24132,"nodeType":860},{},[24133],{"data":24134,"marks":24135,"value":24136,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most recently, we reported on:",{"data":24138,"content":24139,"nodeType":941},{},[24140,24163],{"data":24141,"content":24142,"nodeType":945},{},[24143],{"data":24144,"content":24145,"nodeType":860},{},[24146,24150,24159],{"data":24147,"marks":24148,"value":24149,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A campaign running ",{"data":24151,"content":24153,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24152},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analysing-a-malvertising-attack-targeting-business-google-accounts/",[24154],{"data":24155,"marks":24156,"value":24158,"nodeType":864},{},[24157],{"type":1455},"fake malvertising ads for “Google Ads”",{"data":24160,"marks":24161,"value":24162,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in Google Search. ",{"data":24164,"content":24165,"nodeType":945},{},[24166],{"data":24167,"content":24168,"nodeType":860},{},[24169,24173,24182],{"data":24170,"marks":24171,"value":24172,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A campaign using sophisticated ",{"data":24174,"content":24176,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24175},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/uncovering-a-calendly-themed-phishing-campaign/",[24177],{"data":24178,"marks":24179,"value":24181,"nodeType":864},{},[24180],{"type":1455},"Calendly-themed phishing lures",{"data":24183,"marks":24184,"value":24185,"nodeType":864},{},[]," targeting marketing professionals.",{"data":24187,"content":24191,"nodeType":996},{"target":24188},{"sys":24189},{"id":24190,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1ThnhFZQIhzV179qclvzFH",[],{"data":24193,"content":24194,"nodeType":860},{},[24195],{"data":24196,"marks":24197,"value":24198,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, we’ve seen the Google Ads malvertising campaign expand to run additional ads impersonating Ahrefs, an AI marketing platform. Crucially, employees with access to Ahrefs are highly likely to also have access to Google Ads, meaning that attackers can reliably target Google accounts via Ahrefs. ",{"data":24200,"content":24201,"nodeType":860},{},[24202],{"data":24203,"marks":24204,"value":24205,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see a demo of the phishing chain below. ",{"data":24207,"content":24211,"nodeType":996},{"target":24208},{"sys":24209},{"id":24210,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2XjyySGldgl9uPA7CZRms8",[],{"data":24213,"content":24217,"nodeType":996},{"target":24214},{"sys":24215},{"id":24216,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"yB12nGF91iq15GoHWItaX",[],{"data":24219,"content":24223,"nodeType":996},{"target":24220},{"sys":24221},{"id":24222,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2NK29DaTd93kOctyWxV0RT",[],{"data":24225,"content":24226,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24228,"content":24229,"nodeType":1009},{},[24230],{"data":24231,"marks":24232,"value":24234,"nodeType":864},{},[24233],{"type":899},"Attack breakdown",{"data":24236,"content":24237,"nodeType":860},{},[24238],{"data":24239,"marks":24240,"value":24241,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Users searching for “ahrefs” on Google Search were served with a fake ad impersonating Ahrefs, hosted on Squarespace, a legitimate website building and hosting platform. Previously, we’d seen this campaign use hosting sites Odoo and Kartra to similar effect. ",{"data":24243,"content":24247,"nodeType":996},{"target":24244},{"sys":24245},{"id":24246,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"59dhFey5rahm5sA20NudTl",[],{"data":24249,"content":24250,"nodeType":860},{},[24251],{"data":24252,"marks":24253,"value":24254,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Upon clicking the link, the victim was taken to a clone of the real Ahrefs site. Crucially, you can see that the domain is not the official Ahrefs domain. ",{"data":24256,"content":24260,"nodeType":996},{"target":24257},{"sys":24258},{"id":24259,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"48fQUiJXC1qACKUUPDliS5",[],{"data":24262,"content":24266,"nodeType":996},{"target":24263},{"sys":24264},{"id":24265,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"77iqOW1jDVt5Oxw8qTwnKG",[],{"data":24268,"content":24269,"nodeType":860},{},[24270],{"data":24271,"marks":24272,"value":24273,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, the site is not fully interactable beyond the front page. Clicking on any link takes the user to a Google sign-in page. ",{"data":24275,"content":24279,"nodeType":996},{"target":24276},{"sys":24277},{"id":24278,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7t9BoUyIFN8dlBDksjsYlD",[],{"data":24281,"content":24282,"nodeType":860},{},[24283,24287,24294],{"data":24284,"marks":24285,"value":24286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is in fact an AITM phishing page that is designed to hijack the victim’s Google account. Entering credentials and completing the MFA check will result in the attacker stealing the app session and effectively taking over the account. The phishing kit used matches ",{"data":24288,"content":24289,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24152},[24290],{"data":24291,"marks":24292,"value":24293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"the previous malvertising detected impersonating Google Ads",{"data":24295,"marks":24296,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24298,"content":24299,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24301,"content":24302,"nodeType":1009},{},[24303],{"data":24304,"marks":24305,"value":24307,"nodeType":864},{},[24306],{"type":899},"Why are attackers targeting ad manager accounts?",{"data":24309,"content":24310,"nodeType":860},{},[24311],{"data":24312,"marks":24313,"value":24314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ad Manager accounts on platforms like Google, Facebook, and LinkedIn have become lucrative targets for cybercriminals. By compromising these accounts, attackers can exploit the digital advertising ecosystem in various ways for financial gain. ",{"data":24316,"content":24317,"nodeType":860},{},[24318],{"data":24319,"marks":24320,"value":24321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The ad industry’s scale makes it attractive to fraud. Estimates suggest digital ad fraud cost advertisers tens of billions, potentially nearing $100 billion or more, with projections reaching $172 billion by 2028.",{"data":24323,"content":24324,"nodeType":860},{},[24325],{"data":24326,"marks":24327,"value":24328,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A hijacked Google Ad Manager account gives attackers access to significant ad spend and account data which can be monetized illicitly. The tactics range from stealthy ad fraud to overt abuse like malicious ads or extortion schemes.",{"data":24330,"content":24331,"nodeType":860},{},[24332],{"data":24333,"marks":24334,"value":24335,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Pretty much every enterprise today advertises their services via Google ads — this makes attacks on these accounts pretty much a unanimous problem. Agencies managing numerous client accounts are put further at risk. For example, if an attacker can compromise an MCC account (used to manage several ad accounts) they get full access to the customer portfolio. ",{"data":24337,"content":24341,"nodeType":996},{"target":24338},{"sys":24339},{"id":24340,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1WPbstxHtdjnAKpF1rhCpW",[],{"data":24343,"content":24344,"nodeType":860},{},[24345,24349,24357],{"data":24346,"marks":24347,"value":24348,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about why attackers are targeting ad manager accounts ",{"data":24350,"content":24352,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24351},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/cyber-criminal-ecosystem-analysis",[24353],{"data":24354,"marks":24355,"value":24356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"in our blog post",{"data":24358,"marks":24359,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24361,"content":24362,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24364,"content":24365,"nodeType":1009},{},[24366],{"data":24367,"marks":24368,"value":24370,"nodeType":864},{},[24369],{"type":899},"Why malvertising? ",{"data":24372,"content":24373,"nodeType":860},{},[24374],{"data":24375,"marks":24376,"value":24377,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malvertising scams happen across lots of different sites, but the most common platform we see targeted is Google Search. This takes advantage of users browsing to find a website and clicking the first link that appears — in this case a fake sponsored link taking you to the attacker’s page. ",{"data":24379,"content":24380,"nodeType":860},{},[24381,24385,24392,24396,24404,24407,24416,24419,24428],{"data":24382,"marks":24383,"value":24384,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malvertising attacks delivered over channels like Google Search are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. Malvertising is an increasingly popular attack vector for the delivery of AITM phishing, malware downloads, and ",{"data":24386,"content":24387,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17604},[24388],{"data":24389,"marks":24390,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[24391],{"type":1455},{"data":24393,"marks":24394,"value":24395,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push were delivered via Google Search). This isn’t just targeting ad manager accounts — last year, we reported on campaigns impersonating ",{"data":24397,"content":24398,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8029},[24399],{"data":24400,"marks":24401,"value":24403,"nodeType":864},{},[24402],{"type":1455},"TradingView",{"data":24405,"marks":24406,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24408,"content":24410,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24409},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-with-active-directory-federation-services/",[24411],{"data":24412,"marks":24413,"value":24415,"nodeType":864},{},[24414],{"type":1455},"Microsoft Office 365",{"data":24417,"marks":24418,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24420,"content":24422,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24421},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers/",[24423],{"data":24424,"marks":24425,"value":24427,"nodeType":864},{},[24426],{"type":1455},"Onfido",{"data":24429,"marks":24430,"value":24431,"nodeType":864},{},[],", to name a few. ",{"data":24433,"content":24434,"nodeType":860},{},[24435],{"data":24436,"marks":24437,"value":24438,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s a tendency to see malvertising as a more random attack, but Google Ads can be tuned to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. Even more precise ad targeting can be achieved on social media platforms. ",{"data":24440,"content":24441,"nodeType":860},{},[24442],{"data":24443,"marks":24444,"value":24445,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because these attacks completely circumvent the traditional phishing detection surface (email) and often happen entirely over the internet (meaning no endpoint security controls can come into play) the only way to reliably detect and stop these attacks is to intercept them where they happen — in the user’s web browser. ",{"data":24447,"content":24448,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24450,"content":24451,"nodeType":1009},{},[24452],{"data":24453,"marks":24454,"value":24024,"nodeType":864},{},[24455],{"type":899},{"data":24457,"content":24458,"nodeType":860},{},[24459],{"data":24460,"marks":24461,"value":24462,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Regardless of the delivery channel, all roads lead to a web page accessed in the victim’s browser, where Push is waiting to detect and block the attack. Even if the page has never been previously flagged as suspicious or malicious, Push analyses the page in real time and blocks it — protecting against the latest zero-day threats.  ",{"data":24464,"content":24465,"nodeType":860},{},[24466],{"data":24467,"marks":24468,"value":24469,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By seeing what your users see, and getting an unfiltered, real-time view of the page as it loads, Push is able to pinpoint malicious content, code, and behaviors and shut the attack down before it happens. Whether it's entering credentials onto a phishing page, approving a malicious OAuth grant, installing a risky browser extension, or insecurely accessing an app with a weak password and no MFA, Push detects the action and shuts it down.",{"data":24471,"content":24472,"nodeType":860},{},[24473],{"data":24474,"marks":24475,"value":24476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":24478,"content":24479,"nodeType":860},{},[24480,24483,24490,24493,24500],{"data":24481,"marks":24482,"value":23191,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24484,"content":24485,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[24486],{"data":24487,"marks":24488,"value":23199,"nodeType":864},{},[24489],{"type":1455},{"data":24491,"marks":24492,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24494,"content":24495,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[24496],{"data":24497,"marks":24498,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[24499],{"type":1455},{"data":24501,"marks":24502,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24504,"content":24505,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":24507,"content":24508,"nodeType":1009},{},[24509],{"data":24510,"marks":24511,"value":23915,"nodeType":864},{},[24512],{"type":899},{"data":24514,"content":24515,"nodeType":860},{},[24516,24519,24526],{"data":24517,"marks":24518,"value":23922,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24520,"content":24521,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8364},[24522],{"data":24523,"marks":24524,"value":8369,"nodeType":864},{},[24525],{"type":1455},{"data":24527,"marks":24528,"value":23933,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":24530,"content":24531,"nodeType":860},{},[24532],{"data":24533,"marks":24534,"value":24535,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, the domains observed in this chain were:",{"data":24537,"content":24538,"nodeType":941},{},[24539,24549,24559,24569],{"data":24540,"content":24541,"nodeType":945},{},[24542],{"data":24543,"content":24544,"nodeType":860},{},[24545],{"data":24546,"marks":24547,"value":24548,"nodeType":864},{},[],"comandd-ok[.]com",{"data":24550,"content":24551,"nodeType":945},{},[24552],{"data":24553,"content":24554,"nodeType":860},{},[24555],{"data":24556,"marks":24557,"value":24558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ahrefs-ac.squarespace[.]com",{"data":24560,"content":24561,"nodeType":945},{},[24562],{"data":24563,"content":24564,"nodeType":860},{},[24565],{"data":24566,"marks":24567,"value":24568,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ahrefs-seo-app.squarespace[.]com",{"data":24570,"content":24571,"nodeType":945},{},[24572],{"data":24573,"content":24574,"nodeType":860},{},[24575],{"data":24576,"marks":24577,"value":24578,"nodeType":864},{},[],"slgn-ahrefs-app-com.squarespace[.]com",{"data":24580,"content":24581,"nodeType":860},{},[24582],{"data":24583,"marks":24584,"value":24585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"[Update 24th February] We also observed the following new 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We’re sharing some new insights on the campaign and pulling together some of the top recommendations and resources from across the community.","New insights on the ConsentFix campaign stopped by Push.",{"id":25876,"publishedAt":25877},"4jcVFrvGBtVXpKU3gDMaa2","2026-08-12T11:53:17.990Z",{"items":25879},[25880,25882],{"sys":25881,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":25883,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":25885},[25886,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896,25898,25900,25902,25904],{"sys":25887,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":25889,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":25891,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":25893,"name":642,"slug":643,"tier":31},{"id":639},{"sys":25895,"name":315,"slug":316,"tier":45},{"id":312},{"sys":25897,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":25899,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":25901,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":25903,"name":493,"slug":494,"tier":45},{"id":490},{"sys":25905,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},"TUFybvHb1NoaG6z8j3cuNnEKnFo_nsXmfjWUc_b4rt0",{"id":25908,"title":25909,"authorsCollection":25910,"content":25915,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":26457,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":26459,"metaTitle":26460,"ogImage":59,"postType":23255,"publishedDate":26461,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":26462,"slug":28030,"stem":28031,"subtitle":59,"summary":28032,"synopsis":28043,"sys":28044,"tagsCollection":28047,"topicsCollection":28053,"__hash__":28081},"blog/blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack.json","Analysing a sophisticated Google malvertising attack impersonating TradingView",{"items":25911},[25912],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"socialLinks":25913,"profilePicture":25914},[11311],{"url":2740},{"json":25916,"links":26336},{"data":25917,"content":25918,"nodeType":856},{},[25919,25926,25933,25940,25947,25953,25956,25963,25970,25976,25983,25989,25995,26002,26008,26015,26021,26028,26034,26037,26045,26063,26071,26089,26107,26113,26121,26139,26145,26151,26158,26161,26169,26188,26194,26201,26204,26211,26227,26233,26266,26269,26276,26292,26299,26325,26330],{"data":25920,"content":25921,"nodeType":860},{},[25922],{"data":25923,"marks":25924,"value":25925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recently detected and blocked a particularly well-crafted malvertising attack targeting one of our customers. ",{"data":25927,"content":25928,"nodeType":860},{},[25929],{"data":25930,"marks":25931,"value":25932,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The employee had searched for “tradingview” on Google and been served a malicious ad impersonating the real site, which they had clicked. ",{"data":25934,"content":25935,"nodeType":860},{},[25936],{"data":25937,"marks":25938,"value":25939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As well as being a highly convincing clone of the real site, this attack demonstrated a number of creative detection evasion techniques designed to prevent security tools, analysts, and web scraping bots from flagging it as malicious. ",{"data":25941,"content":25942,"nodeType":860},{},[25943],{"data":25944,"marks":25945,"value":25946,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see a narrated clickthrough of the end-to-end attack in the video below. ",{"data":25948,"content":25952,"nodeType":996},{"target":25949},{"sys":25950},{"id":25951,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"V8NYoNBZBSZXSNBo2AfUZ",[],{"data":25954,"content":25955,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":25957,"content":25958,"nodeType":1009},{},[25959],{"data":25960,"marks":25961,"value":24234,"nodeType":864},{},[25962],{"type":899},{"data":25964,"content":25965,"nodeType":860},{},[25966],{"data":25967,"marks":25968,"value":25969,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the victim clicked the malicious ad, they were initially directed to tradingview-charts-compare.primevoro[.]com, but then immediately redirected to a second site. In effect, the victim would never see this initial page — it is simply used as a benign site that only forwards the victim on if certain parameters are supplied from the initial Google ad link. ",{"data":25971,"content":25975,"nodeType":996},{"target":25972},{"sys":25973},{"id":25974,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1v5dADDY2y9EAwCZ7ZnWVi",[],{"data":25977,"content":25978,"nodeType":860},{},[25979],{"data":25980,"marks":25981,"value":25982,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first site that the victim would see is visually identical to the real TradingView site, at tradingplatforms[.]app. ",{"data":25984,"content":25988,"nodeType":996},{"target":25985},{"sys":25986},{"id":25987,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"iHIbILX30HMnqM4NXx86G",[],{"data":25990,"content":25994,"nodeType":996},{"target":25991},{"sys":25992},{"id":25993,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2nK9Y4ZFejHtbWT2GcVNM1",[],{"data":25996,"content":25997,"nodeType":860},{},[25998],{"data":25999,"marks":26000,"value":26001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Upon clicking the login button, they are taken to another convincingly designed page, where the victim is prompted to sign in with Google. ",{"data":26003,"content":26007,"nodeType":996},{"target":26004},{"sys":26005},{"id":26006,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6il7lhKUz5VIgQW9shl9oc",[],{"data":26009,"content":26010,"nodeType":860},{},[26011],{"data":26012,"marks":26013,"value":26014,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Upon clicking the sign in with Google button, the victim is finally taken to the reverse proxy Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing page targeting Google. If the victim logs in, their credentials and live session is stolen by the attacker. ",{"data":26016,"content":26020,"nodeType":996},{"target":26017},{"sys":26018},{"id":26019,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3LSrYN6X2qnBiMBoPi1Qse",[],{"data":26022,"content":26023,"nodeType":860},{},[26024],{"data":26025,"marks":26026,"value":26027,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see the timeline of URLs accessed in the chain captured in Push’s timeline feature, below. When we investigated, the phishing page had no user reports on urlscan. ",{"data":26029,"content":26033,"nodeType":996},{"target":26030},{"sys":26031},{"id":26032,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5spFXtWBhTtB4LO3cYHv8Z",[],{"data":26035,"content":26036,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26038,"content":26039,"nodeType":1009},{},[26040],{"data":26041,"marks":26042,"value":26044,"nodeType":864},{},[26043],{"type":899},"How did this attack evade standard detections?",{"data":26046,"content":26047,"nodeType":860},{},[26048,26052,26059],{"data":26049,"marks":26050,"value":26051,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s increasingly common for malicious sites to fly under the radar because of the effective use of ",{"data":26053,"content":26054,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8241},[26055],{"data":26056,"marks":26057,"value":21989,"nodeType":864},{},[26058],{"type":1455},{"data":26060,"marks":26061,"value":26062,"nodeType":864},{},[],", designed to defeat traditional security tools and web-scraping security bots. ",{"data":26064,"content":26065,"nodeType":1312},{},[26066],{"data":26067,"marks":26068,"value":26070,"nodeType":864},{},[26069],{"type":899},"Malvertising completely bypasses email-based controls",{"data":26072,"content":26073,"nodeType":860},{},[26074,26078,26085],{"data":26075,"marks":26076,"value":26077,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By delivering the lure via ",{"data":26079,"content":26080,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23554},[26081],{"data":26082,"marks":26083,"value":441,"nodeType":864},{},[26084],{"type":1455},{"data":26086,"marks":26087,"value":26088,"nodeType":864},{},[],", the attacker was able to completely bypass the most common phishing detection surface — email. ",{"data":26090,"content":26091,"nodeType":860},{},[26092,26096,26103],{"data":26093,"marks":26094,"value":26095,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malvertising via channels like Google Search is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":26097,"content":26098,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13214},[26099],{"data":26100,"marks":26101,"value":13219,"nodeType":864},{},[26102],{"type":1455},{"data":26104,"marks":26105,"value":26106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"” criminal collective, all of which began with identity-based initial access). For this reason, credentials and account access are an increasingly profitable commodity for cyber criminals. ",{"data":26108,"content":26112,"nodeType":996},{"target":26109},{"sys":26110},{"id":26111,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7cq2IbGHIFH2UhkjIrwxGd",[],{"data":26114,"content":26115,"nodeType":1312},{},[26116],{"data":26117,"marks":26118,"value":26120,"nodeType":864},{},[26119],{"type":899},"Conditional loading parameters prevented the site being flagged as known-bad",{"data":26122,"content":26123,"nodeType":860},{},[26124,26128,26135],{"data":26125,"marks":26126,"value":26127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker used clever ",{"data":26129,"content":26130,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23365},[26131],{"data":26132,"marks":26133,"value":23371,"nodeType":864},{},[26134],{"type":1455},{"data":26136,"marks":26137,"value":26138,"nodeType":864},{},[]," techniques to prevent the page being accessed unless the correct steps were followed. This means that security analysts attempting to load one of the pages in isolation would either be served with a benign page, or be blocked from accessing the page in order to analyse it for malicious content.  ",{"data":26140,"content":26144,"nodeType":996},{"target":26141},{"sys":26142},{"id":26143,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2vjZTsrjuILnt5UjNx9Nce",[],{"data":26146,"content":26150,"nodeType":996},{"target":26147},{"sys":26148},{"id":26149,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3pOLIA4beNZ9tU87YLlhT0",[],{"data":26152,"content":26153,"nodeType":860},{},[26154],{"data":26155,"marks":26156,"value":26157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Further, the attacker tightly scoped the initial malvertising lure to prevent unwanted visitors. Google Ads can be targeted to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. ",{"data":26159,"content":26160,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26162,"content":26163,"nodeType":1009},{},[26164],{"data":26165,"marks":26166,"value":26168,"nodeType":864},{},[26167],{"type":899},"Further observations",{"data":26170,"content":26171,"nodeType":860},{},[26172,26175,26184],{"data":26173,"marks":26174,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26176,"content":26178,"nodeType":883},{"uri":26177},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/google-ads-for-fake-homebrew-logmein-sites-push-infostealers/",[26179],{"data":26180,"marks":26181,"value":26183,"nodeType":864},{},[26182],{"type":1455},"According to security researchers",{"data":26185,"marks":26186,"value":26187,"nodeType":864},{},[],", attackers have been recently observed running ClickFix malvertising campaigns over Google Search that also impersonated TradingView. These attacks attempted to deliver malware to Mac users, harvesting sensitive information stored in the browser, cryptocurrency credentials, and exfiltrating to the command and control server.",{"data":26189,"content":26193,"nodeType":996},{"target":26190},{"sys":26191},{"id":26192,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"VeLfUptGY8ygKHroPxTby",[],{"data":26195,"content":26196,"nodeType":860},{},[26197],{"data":26198,"marks":26199,"value":26200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers have been known to target investment and cryptocurrency accounts, particularly those aligned with North Korean state-sponsored operations. This is both targeting individual users as well as business accounts used in operating exchanges themselves, such as in the massive Bybit hack earlier this year. ",{"data":26202,"content":26203,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26205,"content":26206,"nodeType":1009},{},[26207],{"data":26208,"marks":26209,"value":23915,"nodeType":864},{},[26210],{"type":899},{"data":26212,"content":26213,"nodeType":860},{},[26214,26217,26224],{"data":26215,"marks":26216,"value":23922,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26218,"content":26219,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8364},[26220],{"data":26221,"marks":26222,"value":8369,"nodeType":864},{},[26223],{"type":1455},{"data":26225,"marks":26226,"value":23933,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26228,"content":26229,"nodeType":860},{},[26230],{"data":26231,"marks":26232,"value":24535,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26234,"content":26235,"nodeType":941},{},[26236,26246,26256],{"data":26237,"content":26238,"nodeType":945},{},[26239],{"data":26240,"content":26241,"nodeType":860},{},[26242],{"data":26243,"marks":26244,"value":26245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://tradingview-charts-compare.primevoro.com",{"data":26247,"content":26248,"nodeType":945},{},[26249],{"data":26250,"content":26251,"nodeType":860},{},[26252],{"data":26253,"marks":26254,"value":26255,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://tradingplatforms.app",{"data":26257,"content":26258,"nodeType":945},{},[26259],{"data":26260,"content":26261,"nodeType":860},{},[26262],{"data":26263,"marks":26264,"value":26265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://accounts.aeonnailspa.com",{"data":26267,"content":26268,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26270,"content":26271,"nodeType":1009},{},[26272],{"data":26273,"marks":26274,"value":24024,"nodeType":864},{},[26275],{"type":899},{"data":26277,"content":26278,"nodeType":860},{},[26279,26282,26289],{"data":26280,"marks":26281,"value":24043,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26283,"content":26284,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8241},[26285],{"data":26286,"marks":26287,"value":24051,"nodeType":864},{},[26288],{"type":1455},{"data":26290,"marks":26291,"value":24055,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26293,"content":26294,"nodeType":860},{},[26295],{"data":26296,"marks":26297,"value":26298,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t all we do: Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":26300,"content":26301,"nodeType":860},{},[26302,26305,26312,26315,26322],{"data":26303,"marks":26304,"value":23191,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26306,"content":26307,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[26308],{"data":26309,"marks":26310,"value":23199,"nodeType":864},{},[26311],{"type":1455},{"data":26313,"marks":26314,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26316,"content":26317,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[26318],{"data":26319,"marks":26320,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[26321],{"type":1455},{"data":26323,"marks":26324,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26326,"content":26329,"nodeType":996},{"target":26327},{"sys":26328},{"id":24093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":26331,"content":26332,"nodeType":860},{},[26333],{"data":26334,"marks":26335,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":26337},{"hyperlink":26338,"inline":26339,"block":26340},[],[],[26341,26345,26351,26356,26362,26367,26372,26379,26436,26440,26446,26453],{"sys":26342,"__typename":11979,"title":26343,"arcadeDemoUrl":26344,"playText":11982},{"id":25951},"TradingView Malvertising Attack Walkthrough","https://demo.arcade.software/EIVP2emVADsDxut9CZjO?embed",{"sys":26346,"__typename":1724,"title":26347,"caption":26347,"layoutMode":59,"file":26348},{"id":25974},"Initial landing page used as a redirect. This looks similar to many vibe coded sites used by attackers as part of their malvertising and phishing link chains. ",{"url":26349,"width":1736,"height":26350},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2hBe7jYE9VEuAeICiV0yfU/642f74f4212c238e06090c256c9408bf/image5.png",1204,{"sys":26352,"__typename":1724,"title":26353,"caption":26353,"layoutMode":59,"file":26354},{"id":25987},"Cloned TradingView site.",{"url":26355,"width":1736,"height":26350},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/71PIYOQpNCGqP35OOeOg44/0823d6231bc3ab492da47436e985025e/image7.png",{"sys":26357,"__typename":1724,"title":26358,"caption":26358,"layoutMode":59,"file":26359},{"id":25993},"The cloned TradingView site is almost identical to the real site.",{"url":26360,"width":1736,"height":26361},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5MLctABFj0A38eIBtaZCAg/b420ac0c7e9b04f55f1b76a80627b373/image8.png",613,{"sys":26363,"__typename":1724,"title":26364,"caption":26364,"layoutMode":59,"file":26365},{"id":26006},"Convincing page prompting the victim to sign in with Google. ",{"url":26366,"width":1736,"height":26350},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1hBfWMM1qhV7rKbwuieCB8/5ce3047801ac23b777fd6ae5ff03d7f4/image4.png",{"sys":26368,"__typename":1724,"title":26369,"caption":26369,"layoutMode":59,"file":26370},{"id":26019},"Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing page targeting Google. ",{"url":26371,"width":1736,"height":26350},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/192mknDIa1Cr7uVyjW0msk/ba0c0f272cac424e50ff0ad5a3eeb84e/image3.png",{"sys":26373,"__typename":1724,"title":26374,"caption":26374,"layoutMode":59,"file":26375},{"id":26032},"Push’s timeline of URLs and user actions throughout the phishing attack chain.",{"url":26376,"width":26377,"height":26378},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1JoNJ3qxJgcpXZ4gBI5NeS/f52878e53e7b647e8258f6991b8bfb1d/image6.png",1820,1130,{"sys":26380,"__typename":1740,"content":26381,"name":26435,"title":59},{"id":26111},{"json":26382},{"data":26383,"content":26384,"nodeType":856},{},[26385,26416],{"data":26386,"content":26387,"nodeType":860},{},[26388,26392,26400,26404,26412],{"data":26389,"marks":26390,"value":26391,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve noticed a significant ",{"data":26393,"content":26394,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24152},[26395],{"data":26396,"marks":26397,"value":26399,"nodeType":864},{},[26398],{"type":1455},"increase in malvertising attacks",{"data":26401,"marks":26402,"value":26403,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for the delivery of phishing links, malware downloads, and ClickFix-style attacks (",{"data":26405,"content":26406,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17604},[26407],{"data":26408,"marks":26409,"value":26411,"nodeType":864},{},[26410],{"type":1455},"4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push were delivered via Google Search",{"data":26413,"marks":26414,"value":26415,"nodeType":864},{},[],").",{"data":26417,"content":26418,"nodeType":860},{},[26419,26423,26431],{"data":26420,"marks":26421,"value":26422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At the same time, ",{"data":26424,"content":26425,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24175},[26426],{"data":26427,"marks":26428,"value":26430,"nodeType":864},{},[26429],{"type":1455},"attacks targeting ad management accounts",{"data":26432,"marks":26433,"value":26434,"nodeType":864},{},[]," used to propagate malicious ads are also on the rise, indicating that this is an area of focus for attackers.","Google malvertising blog insight box 1",{"sys":26437,"__typename":1724,"title":26438,"caption":26438,"layoutMode":59,"file":26439},{"id":26143},"Loading the initial URL directly serves up a benign website rather than redirecting to the next stage in the phishing chain.",{"url":26349,"width":1736,"height":26350},{"sys":26441,"__typename":1724,"title":26442,"caption":26442,"layoutMode":59,"file":26443},{"id":26149},"Attempting to manually load the second site in the phishing chain results in access being denied, where conditional loading parameters are missing.",{"url":26444,"width":1736,"height":26445},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/16FOwZxxctoxktnsj9y0Rk/35de320ebb1163758bfa899020766b88/image2.png",1095,{"sys":26447,"__typename":1724,"title":26448,"caption":26448,"layoutMode":59,"file":26449},{"id":26192},"TradingView ClickFix lure reported by Bleeping Computer.",{"url":26450,"width":26451,"height":26452},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/5aQwcuSaJTqHma3pOPoijI/14515ddb907526c8d2867275f3f4e164/image1.png",688,525,{"sys":26454,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":26455,"buttonLabel":1720,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":26456},{"id":24093},"Learn how phishing evolved in 2025, showcasing the most sophisticated attacks and key trends uncovered by Push researchers","https://pushsecurity.com/webinar/phishing-2025-review",{"items":26458},[],{},"Analysing a sophisticated Google malvertising attack","2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":26463},[26464,26851,27441],{"__typename":2059,"sys":26465,"content":26466,"title":26837,"synopsis":26838,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":26839,"slug":26840,"tagsCollection":26841,"authorsCollection":26847},{"id":20414},{"json":26467},{"data":26468,"content":26469,"nodeType":856},{},[26470,26477,26484,26490,26497,26530,26537,26543,26550,26556,26562,26568,26574,26580,26583,26591,26598,26605,26612,26620,26626,26644,26651,26668,26673,26676,26683,26690,26763,26770,26773,26780,26787,26794,26800,26826,26831],{"data":26471,"content":26472,"nodeType":1009},{},[26473],{"data":26474,"marks":26475,"value":24234,"nodeType":864},{},[26476],{"type":899},{"data":26478,"content":26479,"nodeType":860},{},[26480],{"data":26481,"marks":26482,"value":26483,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recently detected and blocked a malvertising attack impacting one of our customer’s employees. The employee had searched for “Google ads” in Google Search to log into their Google Ads Manager account.  ",{"data":26485,"content":26489,"nodeType":996},{"target":26486},{"sys":26487},{"id":26488,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"40RyyKZC0R07wLU1OZBmH",[],{"data":26491,"content":26492,"nodeType":860},{},[26493],{"data":26494,"marks":26495,"value":26496,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The user:",{"data":26498,"content":26499,"nodeType":941},{},[26500,26510,26520],{"data":26501,"content":26502,"nodeType":945},{},[26503],{"data":26504,"content":26505,"nodeType":860},{},[26506],{"data":26507,"marks":26508,"value":26509,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Searched for “Google ads” in Google Search",{"data":26511,"content":26512,"nodeType":945},{},[26513],{"data":26514,"content":26515,"nodeType":860},{},[26516],{"data":26517,"marks":26518,"value":26519,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Click the ad for hxxps://ads-adsword1.odoo.com/…",{"data":26521,"content":26522,"nodeType":945},{},[26523],{"data":26524,"content":26525,"nodeType":860},{},[26526],{"data":26527,"marks":26528,"value":26529,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Was redirected to hxxps://sing-operador2.click/accounts/v3/login/ where the phishing form was blocked. ",{"data":26531,"content":26532,"nodeType":860},{},[26533],{"data":26534,"marks":26535,"value":26536,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we came to investigate this detection further, we found that the site had already been taken down.  ",{"data":26538,"content":26542,"nodeType":996},{"target":26539},{"sys":26540},{"id":26541,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6eAIVxgaEDQ9krKZvu8zyI",[],{"data":26544,"content":26545,"nodeType":860},{},[26546],{"data":26547,"marks":26548,"value":26549,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, we were able to replicate the user’s activity to find other examples that show clear signs of being linked to the same campaign — both hosted on Odoo, with one also using Kartra as a redirect.",{"data":26551,"content":26555,"nodeType":996},{"target":26552},{"sys":26553},{"id":26554,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1wGu0slZcKBNIUhuNk5SZN",[],{"data":26557,"content":26561,"nodeType":996},{"target":26558},{"sys":26559},{"id":26560,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5SqaaD4vDzvdkzVX8ypxvB",[],{"data":26563,"content":26567,"nodeType":996},{"target":26564},{"sys":26565},{"id":26566,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7IT185wut2jTtQy1lC9F5t",[],{"data":26569,"content":26573,"nodeType":996},{"target":26570},{"sys":26571},{"id":26572,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"78WkGo9ZTio1fYvfP7W68",[],{"data":26575,"content":26579,"nodeType":996},{"target":26576},{"sys":26577},{"id":26578,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5CWMR1gxq3Uao4HGGhRLKE",[],{"data":26581,"content":26582,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26584,"content":26585,"nodeType":1009},{},[26586],{"data":26587,"marks":26588,"value":26590,"nodeType":864},{},[26589],{"type":899},"Why malvertising & Google ads?",{"data":26592,"content":26593,"nodeType":860},{},[26594],{"data":26595,"marks":26596,"value":26597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malvertising attacks delivered over channels like Google Search are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. ",{"data":26599,"content":26600,"nodeType":860},{},[26601],{"data":26602,"marks":26603,"value":26604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The flipside of this is that malvertising attacks are less likely to be targeted than phishing delivered directly to the victim via a direct message (i.e. email, social media DM, instant messenger app, SMS, etc.). This appears to be true in this case: we were served the ad from a UK location despite the initial ad targeting an EU-based company. ",{"data":26606,"content":26607,"nodeType":860},{},[26608],{"data":26609,"marks":26610,"value":26611,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, that isn’t to say that malvertising attacks can’t be targeted. For example, Google Ads can be targeted to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. Even more precise ad targeting can be achieved on social media platforms. ",{"data":26613,"content":26614,"nodeType":860},{},[26615],{"data":26616,"marks":26617,"value":26619,"nodeType":864},{},[26618],{"type":899},"In this case, it appears that the attacker was specifically targeting Google Ad Manager accounts. ",{"data":26621,"content":26625,"nodeType":996},{"target":26622},{"sys":26623},{"id":26624,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5JA7xWPghOBln49SfkvefW",[],{"data":26627,"content":26628,"nodeType":860},{},[26629,26633,26640],{"data":26630,"marks":26631,"value":26632,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With malvertising on the rise as an increasingly popular attack vector for the delivery of AITM phishing, malware downloads, and ",{"data":26634,"content":26635,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17604},[26636],{"data":26637,"marks":26638,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[26639],{"type":1455},{"data":26641,"marks":26642,"value":26643,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (4 in 5 ClickFix attacks intercepted by Push were delivered via Google Search), it makes sense that attackers are looking to increase their web of accounts from which to launch malicious ads. ",{"data":26645,"content":26646,"nodeType":860},{},[26647],{"data":26648,"marks":26649,"value":26650,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Particularly for organizations that are running large numbers of ads with pre-allocated budget/cards for their ad account, or organizations performing ad management/marketing services on behalf of other organizations, it’s easy to see how attackers can take over these accounts and spin up malicious ads. ",{"data":26652,"content":26653,"nodeType":860},{},[26654,26658,26665],{"data":26655,"marks":26656,"value":26657,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malvertising via Google Search is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":26659,"content":26660,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13214},[26661],{"data":26662,"marks":26663,"value":13219,"nodeType":864},{},[26664],{"type":1455},{"data":26666,"marks":26667,"value":26106,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26669,"content":26672,"nodeType":996},{"target":26670},{"sys":26671},{"id":24093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":26674,"content":26675,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26677,"content":26678,"nodeType":1009},{},[26679],{"data":26680,"marks":26681,"value":23915,"nodeType":864},{},[26682],{"type":899},{"data":26684,"content":26685,"nodeType":860},{},[26686],{"data":26687,"marks":26688,"value":26689,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The following domains were involved in the attacks:",{"data":26691,"content":26692,"nodeType":941},{},[26693,26703,26713,26723,26733,26743,26753],{"data":26694,"content":26695,"nodeType":945},{},[26696],{"data":26697,"content":26698,"nodeType":860},{},[26699],{"data":26700,"marks":26701,"value":26702,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://ads-adsword1.odoo.com",{"data":26704,"content":26705,"nodeType":945},{},[26706],{"data":26707,"content":26708,"nodeType":860},{},[26709],{"data":26710,"marks":26711,"value":26712,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://sing-operador2.click/accounts/v3/login",{"data":26714,"content":26715,"nodeType":945},{},[26716],{"data":26717,"content":26718,"nodeType":860},{},[26719],{"data":26720,"marks":26721,"value":26722,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://adsgooglie.odoo.com/",{"data":26724,"content":26725,"nodeType":945},{},[26726],{"data":26727,"content":26728,"nodeType":860},{},[26729],{"data":26730,"marks":26731,"value":26732,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://word4only.online/",{"data":26734,"content":26735,"nodeType":945},{},[26736],{"data":26737,"content":26738,"nodeType":860},{},[26739],{"data":26740,"marks":26741,"value":26742,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://adsloginacess.kartra.com/page/oeN7",{"data":26744,"content":26745,"nodeType":945},{},[26746],{"data":26747,"content":26748,"nodeType":860},{},[26749],{"data":26750,"marks":26751,"value":26752,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://ads-o.odoo.com",{"data":26754,"content":26755,"nodeType":945},{},[26756],{"data":26757,"content":26758,"nodeType":860},{},[26759],{"data":26760,"marks":26761,"value":26762,"nodeType":864},{},[],"hxxps://operador8-ads.lat/accounts/v3/login/",{"data":26764,"content":26765,"nodeType":860},{},[26766],{"data":26767,"marks":26768,"value":26769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, with the rate at which these domains were spun up and subsequently taken down (by the attacker or the site hosting the links) IoC-based detections for campaigns such as this are of limited value. ",{"data":26771,"content":26772,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26774,"content":26775,"nodeType":1009},{},[26776],{"data":26777,"marks":26778,"value":24024,"nodeType":864},{},[26779],{"type":899},{"data":26781,"content":26782,"nodeType":860},{},[26783],{"data":26784,"marks":26785,"value":26786,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Regardless of the delivery channel, all roads lead to a web page accessed in the victim’s browser — where Push is waiting to detect and block the attack. ",{"data":26788,"content":26789,"nodeType":860},{},[26790],{"data":26791,"marks":26792,"value":26793,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By seeing what your users see, and getting an unfiltered, real-time view of the page as it loads, Push is able to pinpoint malicious content, code, and behaviors and shut the attack down before it happens. Whether it's entering credentials onto a phishing page, approving a malicious OAuth grant, installing a risky browser extension, or insecurely accessing an app with a weak password and no MFA, Push detects the action and responds in real-time.",{"data":26795,"content":26796,"nodeType":860},{},[26797],{"data":26798,"marks":26799,"value":24476,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26801,"content":26802,"nodeType":860},{},[26803,26806,26813,26816,26823],{"data":26804,"marks":26805,"value":23191,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26807,"content":26808,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[26809],{"data":26810,"marks":26811,"value":23199,"nodeType":864},{},[26812],{"type":1455},{"data":26814,"marks":26815,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26817,"content":26818,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[26819],{"data":26820,"marks":26821,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[26822],{"type":1455},{"data":26824,"marks":26825,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":26827,"content":26830,"nodeType":996},{"target":26828},{"sys":26829},{"id":24093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":26832,"content":26833,"nodeType":860},{},[26834],{"data":26835,"marks":26836,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Analysing a malvertising attack targeting business Google accounts intercepted by Push","Analysing a malvertising attack targeting Google business accounts that was intercepted by Push. ","2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z","analysing-a-malvertising-attack-targeting-business-google-accounts",{"items":26842},[26843,26845],{"sys":26844,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":26846,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":26848},[26849],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":26850},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":26852,"content":26853,"title":15290,"synopsis":27430,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":26839,"slug":15291,"tagsCollection":27431,"authorsCollection":27437},{"id":6260},{"json":26854},{"data":26855,"content":26856,"nodeType":856},{},[26857,26864,26871,26878,26884,26891,26894,26902,26909,26916,26923,26929,26936,26942,26949,26955,26962,26968,26998,27005,27011,27018,27024,27031,27037,27044,27087,27090,27098,27105,27112,27119,27125,27128,27136,27143,27163,27169,27175,27181,27188,27194,27200,27220,27223,27231,27250,27256,27263,27279,27287,27294,27301,27307,27325,27333,27340,27346,27349,27356,27363,27369,27372,27379,27386,27393,27419,27424],{"data":26858,"content":26859,"nodeType":860},{},[26860],{"data":26861,"marks":26862,"value":26863,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recently investigated a sophisticated phishing campaign targeting Google Workspace and Facebook Business accounts with Calendly-themed phishing lures, based around a fake job opportunity. ",{"data":26865,"content":26866,"nodeType":860},{},[26867],{"data":26868,"marks":26869,"value":26870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We were first alerted to the campaign when a Push customer was hit with a highly targeted email-based attack, where the attacker used an Attacker-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing toolkit to target the customer’s Google Workspace account. ",{"data":26872,"content":26873,"nodeType":860},{},[26874],{"data":26875,"marks":26876,"value":26877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, Google was the customer’s primary enterprise IdP account, used to access native Google suite apps as well as SSO to downstream apps — effectively, the front door to their business IT stack. Despite this, the attacker’s MO was specifically the takeover of accounts used for the management of digital ads. ",{"data":26879,"content":26883,"nodeType":996},{"target":26880},{"sys":26881},{"id":26882,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5oivBCf1Fqvnq0GNCSko8f",[],{"data":26885,"content":26886,"nodeType":860},{},[26887],{"data":26888,"marks":26889,"value":26890,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this blog post, we break down the various TTPs used by the attacker across the campaign, and consider why ad management platforms are being specifically targeted.  ",{"data":26892,"content":26893,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":26895,"content":26896,"nodeType":1009},{},[26897],{"data":26898,"marks":26899,"value":26901,"nodeType":864},{},[26900],{"type":899},"Variant 1: Targeting Google Workspace with a sophisticated email phish ",{"data":26903,"content":26904,"nodeType":860},{},[26905],{"data":26906,"marks":26907,"value":26908,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first phishing variant we analyzed began with a multi-stage phishing email lure, framed as a job opportunity for LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy), which oversees more than 75 brands across sectors like fashion, cosmetics, watches, and spirits. The specific delivery address is impersonating “Inside LVMH”, the talent acquisition and training arm of LVMH.  ",{"data":26910,"content":26911,"nodeType":860},{},[26912],{"data":26913,"marks":26914,"value":26915,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This lure is notable for multiple reasons. It is highly targeted, well-written, populated with information from the victim, and coming from what appears to be a legitimate employee of LVMH. Even if the victim was initially suspicious, searching for the recruiter’s name would appear to confirm their identity.  ",{"data":26917,"content":26918,"nodeType":860},{},[26919],{"data":26920,"marks":26921,"value":26922,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It is possible, even likely, that this interaction was operated using AI, using information scraped from the internet — but in any case, the outcome achieved is highly convincing. ",{"data":26924,"content":26928,"nodeType":996},{"target":26925},{"sys":26926},{"id":26927,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"46BYpquURERbkhWc6C2Lpc",[],{"data":26930,"content":26931,"nodeType":860},{},[26932],{"data":26933,"marks":26934,"value":26935,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Only after the victim has responded to an initial email was the phishing link delivered under the guise of a Calendly link to book time for a call. ",{"data":26937,"content":26941,"nodeType":996},{"target":26938},{"sys":26939},{"id":26940,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"37GBkfXGEdWvdQbMq65sad",[],{"data":26943,"content":26944,"nodeType":860},{},[26945],{"data":26946,"marks":26947,"value":26948,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clicking the link takes the victim to an authentic-looking page impersonating a Calendly landing page.",{"data":26950,"content":26954,"nodeType":996},{"target":26951},{"sys":26952},{"id":26953,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1DwOPzK7mxsoJlEBp8cMpr",[],{"data":26956,"content":26957,"nodeType":860},{},[26958],{"data":26959,"marks":26960,"value":26961,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After completing the CAPTCHA check and selecting \"Continue with Google” the victim is redirected to an AiTM phishing page designed to capture Google Workspace credentials, with specific branding impersonating Calendly — making this visually distinct from most common Google-themed phishing pages. ",{"data":26963,"content":26967,"nodeType":996},{"target":26964},{"sys":26965},{"id":26966,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"u1SY1uUX23sxfBYLpyaKb",[],{"data":26969,"content":26970,"nodeType":860},{},[26971,26975,26983,26987,26994],{"data":26972,"marks":26973,"value":26974,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This page uses ",{"data":26976,"content":26977,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23365},[26978],{"data":26979,"marks":26980,"value":26982,"nodeType":864},{},[26981],{"type":1455},"specific targeting parameters",{"data":26984,"marks":26985,"value":26986,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to ensure that only the intended recipient is able to access the page’s malicious functionality — a well-known ",{"data":26988,"content":26989,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8241},[26990],{"data":26991,"marks":26992,"value":8246,"nodeType":864},{},[26993],{"type":1455},{"data":26995,"marks":26996,"value":26997,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to prevent security analysts from being able to fully analyse the page (as malicious elements are not rendered until this check is completed). ",{"data":26999,"content":27000,"nodeType":860},{},[27001],{"data":27002,"marks":27003,"value":27004,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As you can see in the example below, attempts to use any email other than the intended victim’s email domain are blocked.   ",{"data":27006,"content":27010,"nodeType":996},{"target":27007},{"sys":27008},{"id":27009,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5m8LvVYjXz0zrITgTWqxio",[],{"data":27012,"content":27013,"nodeType":860},{},[27014],{"data":27015,"marks":27016,"value":27017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Only entering an allowed email domain loads the password entry field. ",{"data":27019,"content":27023,"nodeType":996},{"target":27020},{"sys":27021},{"id":27022,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6KFRJSsgk2pB6x67kWdpws",[],{"data":27025,"content":27026,"nodeType":860},{},[27027],{"data":27028,"marks":27029,"value":27030,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We identified a number of pages that appear to be part of the same campaign. All these pages have the same visual style, Calendly-themed lure targeting Google Workspace accounts, and appear to match real employees of the respective companies being impersonated. ",{"data":27032,"content":27036,"nodeType":996},{"target":27033},{"sys":27034},{"id":27035,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"zMkN1U5QlvIEcfOGmhBBf",[],{"data":27038,"content":27039,"nodeType":860},{},[27040],{"data":27041,"marks":27042,"value":27043,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The different pages include:",{"data":27045,"content":27046,"nodeType":941},{},[27047,27057,27067,27077],{"data":27048,"content":27049,"nodeType":945},{},[27050],{"data":27051,"content":27052,"nodeType":860},{},[27053],{"data":27054,"marks":27055,"value":27056,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A different visual match for the LVMH page.",{"data":27058,"content":27059,"nodeType":945},{},[27060],{"data":27061,"content":27062,"nodeType":860},{},[27063],{"data":27064,"marks":27065,"value":27066,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A Lego recruitment themed page.",{"data":27068,"content":27069,"nodeType":945},{},[27070],{"data":27071,"content":27072,"nodeType":860},{},[27073],{"data":27074,"marks":27075,"value":27076,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A Mastercard HR themed page.",{"data":27078,"content":27079,"nodeType":945},{},[27080],{"data":27081,"content":27082,"nodeType":860},{},[27083],{"data":27084,"marks":27085,"value":27086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An Uber recruitment themed page.",{"data":27088,"content":27089,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27091,"content":27092,"nodeType":1009},{},[27093],{"data":27094,"marks":27095,"value":27097,"nodeType":864},{},[27096],{"type":899},"Variant 2: Targeting Facebook Business accounts",{"data":27099,"content":27100,"nodeType":860},{},[27101],{"data":27102,"marks":27103,"value":27104,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Upon further investigation, we found links to a second phishing page style that appears to be part of a longer campaign targeting Facebook accounts, dating back more than two years. ",{"data":27106,"content":27107,"nodeType":860},{},[27108],{"data":27109,"marks":27110,"value":27111,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In total, we identified 31 unique URLs associated with the same campaign, many of which were recycled over time to impersonate different brands. ",{"data":27113,"content":27114,"nodeType":860},{},[27115],{"data":27116,"marks":27117,"value":27118,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since most of these pages appeared to be older (and no longer live) they could not be analysed further, beyond giving an indication of how the phishing campaign has evolved over time. ",{"data":27120,"content":27124,"nodeType":996},{"target":27121},{"sys":27122},{"id":27123,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5PFRI9XtNVdkpYiRoIYpF",[],{"data":27126,"content":27127,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27129,"content":27130,"nodeType":1009},{},[27131],{"data":27132,"marks":27133,"value":27135,"nodeType":864},{},[27134],{"type":899},"Variant 3: Targeting both Google and Facebook accounts",{"data":27137,"content":27138,"nodeType":860},{},[27139],{"data":27140,"marks":27141,"value":27142,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We also discovered a third, more recent variant targeting both Google and Facebook accounts with Calendly-styled pages.",{"data":27144,"content":27145,"nodeType":860},{},[27146,27150,27159],{"data":27147,"marks":27148,"value":27149,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This variant looks to leverage a Browser-in-the-Browser style pop-up window similar to the ",{"data":27151,"content":27153,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27152},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/analyzing-the-latest-sneaky2fa-phishing-page/",[27154],{"data":27155,"marks":27156,"value":27158,"nodeType":864},{},[27157],{"type":1455},"Sneaky2FA attacks we reported on recently",{"data":27160,"marks":27161,"value":27162,"nodeType":864},{},[],". BITB allows the attacker to mask the phishing page URL by presenting a fake URL set by the attacker, inside a pop-up login window. ",{"data":27164,"content":27168,"nodeType":996},{"target":27165},{"sys":27166},{"id":27167,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7w4cmyqPvhxAFrokaK9CE1",[],{"data":27170,"content":27174,"nodeType":996},{"target":27171},{"sys":27172},{"id":27173,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6FUSNecz0BXLxJxoJTsALD",[],{"data":27176,"content":27180,"nodeType":996},{"target":27177},{"sys":27178},{"id":27179,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2zwFDrgsLuxi4Xv2q0nPFK",[],{"data":27182,"content":27183,"nodeType":860},{},[27184],{"data":27185,"marks":27186,"value":27187,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker also implemented additional anti-analysis functionality, beyond the specific domain targeting we observed in the first page variant — the result of which meant the page IP blocked us from interacting with it further. ",{"data":27189,"content":27193,"nodeType":996},{"target":27190},{"sys":27191},{"id":27192,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ZPdxi5cGZcn5hF1ISIUa7",[],{"data":27195,"content":27199,"nodeType":996},{"target":27196},{"sys":27197},{"id":27198,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3J5pmgNL9LevE1FdX4oksf",[],{"data":27201,"content":27202,"nodeType":860},{},[27203,27207,27216],{"data":27204,"marks":27205,"value":27206,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Often ",{"data":27208,"content":27210,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27209},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/anti-sandbox/",[27211],{"data":27212,"marks":27213,"value":27215,"nodeType":864},{},[27214],{"type":1455},"accessing dev tools",{"data":27217,"marks":27218,"value":27219,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on a page is enough to trigger this, specifically targeting security analysts and web-crawling security bots/tools. ",{"data":27221,"content":27222,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27224,"content":27225,"nodeType":1009},{},[27226],{"data":27227,"marks":27228,"value":27230,"nodeType":864},{},[27229],{"type":899},"Why are attackers targeting business ad management accounts?",{"data":27232,"content":27233,"nodeType":860},{},[27234,27238,27246],{"data":27235,"marks":27236,"value":27237,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The campaign shows signs of being a long-running, targeted initiative focused on compromising accounts responsible for managing digital ads on behalf of businesses. The attackers have demonstrated that they are continuing to iterate on their TTPs, introducing new page styles with increased sophistication, and new ",{"data":27239,"content":27241,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27240},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/#techniques-table",[27242],{"data":27243,"marks":27244,"value":21989,"nodeType":864},{},[27245],{"type":1455},{"data":27247,"marks":27248,"value":27249,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to defeat security analysis tools.  ",{"data":27251,"content":27255,"nodeType":996},{"target":27252},{"sys":27253},{"id":27254,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"m5GsTsDb55T70MU2m72B1",[],{"data":27257,"content":27258,"nodeType":860},{},[27259],{"data":27260,"marks":27261,"value":27262,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We also discovered that Google recently issued a security warning specifically for agency organizations managing ads for a number of businesses, urging them to create security alerts whenever a new account is added to a Manager Account (MCC) used to view and manage multiple Google Ads accounts from a single view. ",{"data":27264,"content":27265,"nodeType":860},{},[27266,27269,27276],{"data":27267,"marks":27268,"value":26632,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27270,"content":27271,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17604},[27272],{"data":27273,"marks":27274,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[27275],{"type":1455},{"data":27277,"marks":27278,"value":26643,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27280,"content":27281,"nodeType":1312},{},[27282],{"data":27283,"marks":27284,"value":27286,"nodeType":864},{},[27285],{"type":899},"Why are attackers turning to malvertising?",{"data":27288,"content":27289,"nodeType":860},{},[27290],{"data":27291,"marks":27292,"value":27293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malvertising attacks delivered over search engines (e.g. Google Search) and social media apps (Facebook, LinkedIn, etc.) are a great way to catch victims unawares while also evading typically email-based anti-phishing controls. ",{"data":27295,"content":27296,"nodeType":860},{},[27297],{"data":27298,"marks":27299,"value":27300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The flipside of this is that malvertising attacks are less likely to be targeted than phishing delivered directly to the victim via a direct message (i.e. email, social media DM, instant messenger app, SMS, etc.). ",{"data":27302,"content":27303,"nodeType":860},{},[27304],{"data":27305,"marks":27306,"value":26611,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27308,"content":27309,"nodeType":860},{},[27310,27314,27321],{"data":27311,"marks":27312,"value":27313,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malvertising is an effective way to launch “watering hole” style attacks, casting a wide net to harvest credentials and account access that can be re-sold to other criminals for a fee, or leveraged by partners in the cybercriminal ecosystem as part of major cyber breaches (such as the recent attacks by the “",{"data":27315,"content":27316,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13214},[27317],{"data":27318,"marks":27319,"value":13219,"nodeType":864},{},[27320],{"type":1455},{"data":27322,"marks":27323,"value":27324,"nodeType":864},{},[],"” criminal collective, all of which began with identity-based initial access). For this reason, credentials and access are an increasingly profitable commodity for cyber criminals. ",{"data":27326,"content":27327,"nodeType":1312},{},[27328],{"data":27329,"marks":27330,"value":27332,"nodeType":864},{},[27331],{"type":899},"Additional considerations",{"data":27334,"content":27335,"nodeType":860},{},[27336],{"data":27337,"marks":27338,"value":27339,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As previously mentioned, compromising a Google Workspace account (particularly where it is the primary enterprise cloud platform used by the organization) provides comprehensive access to business apps, data, and functionality that can be exploited by attackers — effectively, it’s the access point to modern business IT. There’s a good chance that attackers establishing a foothold in this way would look to leverage this access further, or at least sell on that access to a criminal group looking to take the attack further. ",{"data":27341,"content":27345,"nodeType":996},{"target":27342},{"sys":27343},{"id":27344,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7jnQqRk0JuqEtrQ3HXy3f8",[],{"data":27347,"content":27348,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27350,"content":27351,"nodeType":1009},{},[27352],{"data":27353,"marks":27354,"value":23915,"nodeType":864},{},[27355],{"type":899},{"data":27357,"content":27358,"nodeType":860},{},[27359],{"data":27360,"marks":27361,"value":27362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We have opted not to provide the domains associated with that campaign to preserve the privacy of the individuals being impersonated by the attacker. In many cases, their full name was included in the URL for the phishing page, while their name and profile picture (most likely scraped from LinkedIn) are also visible on the landing page. ",{"data":27364,"content":27365,"nodeType":860},{},[27366],{"data":27367,"marks":27368,"value":26769,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27370,"content":27371,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27373,"content":27374,"nodeType":1009},{},[27375],{"data":27376,"marks":27377,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[27378],{"type":899},{"data":27380,"content":27381,"nodeType":860},{},[27382],{"data":27383,"marks":27384,"value":27385,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push researchers are continuously analysing and developing new detections based on the latest phishing kits and TTPs which enables us to stay two steps ahead of attackers.",{"data":27387,"content":27388,"nodeType":860},{},[27389],{"data":27390,"marks":27391,"value":27392,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, malicious browser extensions, malicious OAuth grants, ClickFix, and session hijacking. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong either — you can use Push to proactively find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, and more to harden your attack surface.",{"data":27394,"content":27395,"nodeType":860},{},[27396,27399,27406,27409,27416],{"data":27397,"marks":27398,"value":23191,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27400,"content":27401,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[27402],{"data":27403,"marks":27404,"value":23199,"nodeType":864},{},[27405],{"type":1455},{"data":27407,"marks":27408,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27410,"content":27411,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[27412],{"data":27413,"marks":27414,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[27415],{"type":1455},{"data":27417,"marks":27418,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27420,"content":27423,"nodeType":996},{"target":27421},{"sys":27422},{"id":24093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":27425,"content":27426,"nodeType":860},{},[27427],{"data":27428,"marks":27429,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Investigating a phishing campaign targeting Google Ads Manager MCC accounts to propagate malvertising lures. ",{"items":27432},[27433,27435],{"sys":27434,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":27436,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":27438},[27439],{"fullName":24112,"firstName":24113,"jobTitle":24114,"profilePicture":27440},{"url":24116},{"__typename":2059,"sys":27442,"content":27444,"title":28016,"synopsis":28017,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":28018,"slug":28019,"tagsCollection":28020,"authorsCollection":28026},{"id":27443},"7rVNBW6rYXnXMpI0JEwzgR",{"json":27445},{"data":27446,"content":27447,"nodeType":856},{},[27448,27455,27462,27474,27479,27486,27489,27497,27504,27510,27526,27533,27556,27563,27569,27572,27580,27612,27618,27637,27643,27662,27669,27675,27678,27686,27693,27713,27720,27740,27747,27753,27756,27764,27771,27804,27811,27818,27864,27882,27892,27899,27902,27910,27930,27937,27944,27949,27952,27959,27979,28005,28010],{"data":27449,"content":27450,"nodeType":860},{},[27451],{"data":27452,"marks":27453,"value":27454,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix attacks have skyrocketed in the last year. This social engineering attack has established itself as a key part of the modern attacker’s toolkit, tricking victims into running malicious code on their device.",{"data":27456,"content":27457,"nodeType":860},{},[27458],{"data":27459,"marks":27460,"value":27461,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we showcased in our last webinar and at our threat briefing in London earlier this month, ClickFix is evolving fast, in terms of the web pages themselves, the delivery mechanisms by which they are sent to victims, and the nature of the payload and its execution.",{"data":27463,"content":27464,"nodeType":860},{},[27465,27469],{"data":27466,"marks":27467,"value":27468,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One particular example stood out to us in our research. ",{"data":27470,"marks":27471,"value":27473,"nodeType":864},{},[27472],{"type":899},"So, is this the most advanced ClickFix you’ve seen?",{"data":27475,"content":27478,"nodeType":996},{"target":27476},{"sys":27477},{"id":23543,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":27480,"content":27481,"nodeType":860},{},[27482],{"data":27483,"marks":27484,"value":27485,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s break it down further.",{"data":27487,"content":27488,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27490,"content":27491,"nodeType":1009},{},[27492],{"data":27493,"marks":27494,"value":27496,"nodeType":864},{},[27495],{"type":899},"How ClickFix pages are evolving",{"data":27498,"content":27499,"nodeType":860},{},[27500],{"data":27501,"marks":27502,"value":27503,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The CloudFlare-based lure is a great example of how ClickFix pages themselves are evolving — and becoming increasingly convincing to users. ",{"data":27505,"content":27509,"nodeType":996},{"target":27506},{"sys":27507},{"id":27508,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4wJOgtofImjbsekyXMc5Ec",[],{"data":27511,"content":27512,"nodeType":860},{},[27513,27517,27522],{"data":27514,"marks":27515,"value":27516,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is an incredibly slick example — ",{"data":27518,"marks":27519,"value":27521,"nodeType":864},{},[27520],{"type":899},"it almost looks like Cloudflare shipped a new kind of bot check service. ",{"data":27523,"marks":27524,"value":27525,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The embedded video, countdown timer, and counter for “users verified in the last hour” all serve to increase the sense of authenticity, and put extra pressure on the victim to complete the check. ",{"data":27527,"content":27528,"nodeType":860},{},[27529],{"data":27530,"marks":27531,"value":27532,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are a couple of extra things happening under the hood here, too:",{"data":27534,"content":27535,"nodeType":941},{},[27536,27546],{"data":27537,"content":27538,"nodeType":945},{},[27539],{"data":27540,"content":27541,"nodeType":860},{},[27542],{"data":27543,"marks":27544,"value":27545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The page is adapting to the device that you’re visiting from, serving up instructions specific to the user’s Mac (increasingly common as ClickFix expands to support different Operating Systems).",{"data":27547,"content":27548,"nodeType":945},{},[27549],{"data":27550,"content":27551,"nodeType":860},{},[27552],{"data":27553,"marks":27554,"value":27555,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The page is automatically copying the malicious code to the user’s clipboard via JavaScript (which we see in 9/10 cases).",{"data":27557,"content":27558,"nodeType":860},{},[27559],{"data":27560,"marks":27561,"value":27562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For the past decade or more, user awareness has focused on stopping users from clicking links in suspicious emails, downloading risky files, and entering their username and password into random websites. It hasn’t focused on opening up a program and running a command — so it’s no surprise that this kind of highly convincing page is so effective at duping victims into following the instructions. ",{"data":27564,"content":27568,"nodeType":996},{"target":27565},{"sys":27566},{"id":27567,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"LiVIyGxdAaUXUfvKjD6ON",[],{"data":27570,"content":27571,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27573,"content":27574,"nodeType":1009},{},[27575],{"data":27576,"marks":27577,"value":27579,"nodeType":864},{},[27578],{"type":899},"How ClickFix delivery methods are evolving",{"data":27581,"content":27582,"nodeType":860},{},[27583,27587,27595,27599,27608],{"data":27584,"marks":27585,"value":27586,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s also the fact that this page wasn’t accessed via email. The top delivery vector for ClickFix attacks that we’ve observed is, in fact, Google Search — in the form of ",{"data":27588,"content":27589,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23554},[27590],{"data":27591,"marks":27592,"value":27594,"nodeType":864},{},[27593],{"type":1455},"poisoned search results and malicious advertising (malvertising)",{"data":27596,"marks":27597,"value":27598,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Attackers are either taking over legitimate sites (there’s a ",{"data":27600,"content":27602,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27601},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-launch-mass-attacks-exploiting-outdated-wordpress-plugins/",[27603],{"data":27604,"marks":27605,"value":27607,"nodeType":864},{},[27606],{"type":1455},"steady supply of website hosting and CMS vulnerabilities",{"data":27609,"marks":27610,"value":27611,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to take advantage of) or simply vibe-coding their own sites and optimizing them for various search terms. ",{"data":27613,"content":27617,"nodeType":996},{"target":27614},{"sys":27615},{"id":27616,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6N9EmH6AaN6Hr4xk6ozATR",[],{"data":27619,"content":27620,"nodeType":860},{},[27621,27625,27634],{"data":27622,"marks":27623,"value":27624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And because most anti-phishing controls are implemented via email, by using ",{"data":27626,"content":27628,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27627},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-moving-beyond-email-based-phishing?utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[27629],{"data":27630,"marks":27631,"value":27633,"nodeType":864},{},[27632],{"type":1455},"non-email delivery vectors, an entire layer of detection opportunity is cut out",{"data":27635,"marks":27636,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27638,"content":27642,"nodeType":996},{"target":27639},{"sys":27640},{"id":27641,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1CWsZlLFX9TS53J1uamOG8",[],{"data":27644,"content":27645,"nodeType":860},{},[27646,27650,27658],{"data":27647,"marks":27648,"value":27649,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But even when they are sent via email, ClickFix pages, like other modern phishing sites, are using a range of ",{"data":27651,"content":27653,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27652},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-detection-evasion-launch?utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[27654],{"data":27655,"marks":27656,"value":21989,"nodeType":864},{},[27657],{"type":1455},{"data":27659,"marks":27660,"value":27661,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that prevent them being flagged by security tools — from email scanners, to web-crawling security tools, to web proxies analyzing network traffic. Detection evasion mainly involves camouflaging and rotating domains to stay ahead of known-bad detections (i.e. blocklists), using bot protection to prevent analysis, and heavily obfuscating page content to stop detection signatures firing. ",{"data":27663,"content":27664,"nodeType":860},{},[27665],{"data":27666,"marks":27667,"value":27668,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, because the code is copied inside the browser sandbox, typical security tools are unable to observe and flag this action as potentially malicious. This means that the last — and only — opportunity for organizations to stop ClickFix is on the endpoint, after the user has attempted to run the malicious code.",{"data":27670,"content":27674,"nodeType":996},{"target":27671},{"sys":27672},{"id":27673,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3HiqpIBWWMr5FMi3IBzXcc",[],{"data":27676,"content":27677,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27679,"content":27680,"nodeType":1009},{},[27681],{"data":27682,"marks":27683,"value":27685,"nodeType":864},{},[27684],{"type":899},"How ClickFix payloads are evolving",{"data":27687,"content":27688,"nodeType":860},{},[27689],{"data":27690,"marks":27691,"value":27692,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not just the ClickFix page and delivery mechanisms that are evolving — the services where code is being run, and the type of payload, are also increasingly varied. ",{"data":27694,"content":27695,"nodeType":860},{},[27696,27700,27709],{"data":27697,"marks":27698,"value":27699,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the main payloads observed by Push are mshta and PowerShell, ",{"data":27701,"content":27703,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27702},"https://mhaggis.github.io/ClickGrab/techniques.html",[27704],{"data":27705,"marks":27706,"value":27708,"nodeType":864},{},[27707],{"type":1455},"attackers are abusing a wide range of LOLBINS",{"data":27710,"marks":27711,"value":27712,"nodeType":864},{},[]," targeting different services across Operating Systems.",{"data":27714,"content":27715,"nodeType":860},{},[27716],{"data":27717,"marks":27718,"value":27719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While it is possible to disable the Win+R dialog box and limit the applications that can be run from the File Explorer address bar, it is not possible to similarly restrict users from interacting with other legitimate services to run malicious commands. ",{"data":27721,"content":27722,"nodeType":860},{},[27723,27727,27736],{"data":27724,"marks":27725,"value":27726,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another recent example termed ",{"data":27728,"content":27730,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27729},"https://expel.com/blog/cache-smuggling-when-a-picture-isnt-a-thousand-words/",[27731],{"data":27732,"marks":27733,"value":27735,"nodeType":864},{},[27734],{"type":1455},"cache smuggling",{"data":27737,"marks":27738,"value":27739,"nodeType":864},{},[]," was also identified by security researchers. This technique combines a ClickFix approach with JavaScript that caches a malicious file posing as a JPG. This means that the ClickFix command executes locally — effectively getting an entire zip file onto the local system without the PowerShell command needing to make any web requests.",{"data":27741,"content":27742,"nodeType":860},{},[27743],{"data":27744,"marks":27745,"value":27746,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, it’s worth considering the future of ClickFix. The current attack path straddles browser and endpoint — what if it could take place entirely in the browser and evade EDR altogether? ",{"data":27748,"content":27752,"nodeType":996},{"target":27749},{"sys":27750},{"id":27751,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2rUDKawJnrmZVtxfNcSNha",[],{"data":27754,"content":27755,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27757,"content":27758,"nodeType":1009},{},[27759],{"data":27760,"marks":27761,"value":27763,"nodeType":864},{},[27762],{"type":899},"What’s the impact of ClickFix evolution?",{"data":27765,"content":27766,"nodeType":860},{},[27767],{"data":27768,"marks":27769,"value":27770,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To summarize:",{"data":27772,"content":27773,"nodeType":941},{},[27774,27784,27794],{"data":27775,"content":27776,"nodeType":945},{},[27777],{"data":27778,"content":27779,"nodeType":860},{},[27780],{"data":27781,"marks":27782,"value":27783,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix pages are becoming increasingly sophisticated, making it more likely that victims will fall for the social engineering.",{"data":27785,"content":27786,"nodeType":945},{},[27787],{"data":27788,"content":27789,"nodeType":860},{},[27790],{"data":27791,"marks":27792,"value":27793,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix delivery is evading traditional monitoring controls at the email layer to reach victims. ",{"data":27795,"content":27796,"nodeType":945},{},[27797],{"data":27798,"content":27799,"nodeType":860},{},[27800],{"data":27801,"marks":27802,"value":27803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix payloads are becoming more varied and are finding new ways to evade security controls. ",{"data":27805,"content":27806,"nodeType":860},{},[27807],{"data":27808,"marks":27809,"value":27810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means that EDR-based interception of malware execution is the last — and only — real line of defense for most organizations, kicking in after the initial script has been run (typically acting as a stager for the real malware). ",{"data":27812,"content":27813,"nodeType":860},{},[27814],{"data":27815,"marks":27816,"value":27817,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malware execution can and should be intercepted by EDR, but it’s not foolproof. ",{"data":27819,"content":27820,"nodeType":941},{},[27821,27844,27854],{"data":27822,"content":27823,"nodeType":945},{},[27824],{"data":27825,"content":27826,"nodeType":860},{},[27827,27831,27840],{"data":27828,"marks":27829,"value":27830,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are constantly ",{"data":27832,"content":27834,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27833},"https://www.infostealers.com/article/logins-zip-leverages-chromium-zero-day-stealthy-infostealer-builder-promises-99-credential-theft-in-under-12-seconds/",[27835],{"data":27836,"marks":27837,"value":27839,"nodeType":864},{},[27838],{"type":1455},"developing new tools and capabilities",{"data":27841,"marks":27842,"value":27843,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to bypass EDR in the cat-and-mouse game between attackers and defenders.",{"data":27845,"content":27846,"nodeType":945},{},[27847],{"data":27848,"content":27849,"nodeType":860},{},[27850],{"data":27851,"marks":27852,"value":27853,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because ClickFix attacks are user initiated, context might be missing that lead to the alert being misclassified. This can mean the difference between the level of priority alert that is raised, and whether or not it is automatically blocked.",{"data":27855,"content":27856,"nodeType":945},{},[27857],{"data":27858,"content":27859,"nodeType":860},{},[27860],{"data":27861,"marks":27862,"value":27863,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re an organization that allows employees and contractors to use unmanaged BYOD devices, there’s a strong chance that there are gaps in your EDR coverage.",{"data":27865,"content":27866,"nodeType":860},{},[27867,27871,27878],{"data":27868,"marks":27869,"value":27870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is why attackers are doubling down. According to the ",{"data":27872,"content":27873,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20193},[27874],{"data":27875,"marks":27876,"value":27877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2025 Microsoft Digital Defense report",{"data":27879,"marks":27880,"value":27881,"nodeType":864},{},[],", ClickFix was the most common initial access method in the last year, accounting for 47% of attacks. That's a pretty significant stat.",{"data":27883,"content":27884,"nodeType":1116},{},[27885],{"data":27886,"content":27887,"nodeType":860},{},[27888],{"data":27889,"marks":27890,"value":27891,"nodeType":864},{},[],"47% of attacks started with ClickFix in the last year, according to Microsoft.",{"data":27893,"content":27894,"nodeType":860},{},[27895],{"data":27896,"marks":27897,"value":27898,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ultimately, organizations are leaving themselves relying on a single line of defense — if the attack isn’t detected and blocked by EDR, it isn’t spotted at all. ",{"data":27900,"content":27901,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27903,"content":27904,"nodeType":1009},{},[27905],{"data":27906,"marks":27907,"value":27909,"nodeType":864},{},[27908],{"type":899},"Don’t gamble on a single point of failure ",{"data":27911,"content":27912,"nodeType":860},{},[27913,27917,27926],{"data":27914,"marks":27915,"value":27916,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security’s latest feature, ",{"data":27918,"content":27920,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27919},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection?utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[27921],{"data":27922,"marks":27923,"value":27925,"nodeType":864},{},[27924],{"type":1455},"malicious copy and paste detection",{"data":27927,"marks":27928,"value":27929,"nodeType":864},{},[],", tackles ClickFix-style attacks at the earliest opportunity through browser-based detection and blocking. This is a universally effective control that works regardless of the lure delivery channel, page style and structure, or the specifics of the malware type and execution.",{"data":27931,"content":27932,"nodeType":860},{},[27933],{"data":27934,"marks":27935,"value":27936,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unlike heavy-handed DLP solutions that block copy-paste altogether, Push protects your employees without disrupting their user experience or hampering productivity.",{"data":27938,"content":27939,"nodeType":860},{},[27940],{"data":27941,"marks":27942,"value":27943,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By adding a new layer of protection in the browser, security teams can reduce the strain on their EDR and reduce the risk of host-based controls being bypassed through misconfiguration or attacker innovation. ",{"data":27945,"content":27948,"nodeType":996},{"target":27946},{"sys":27947},{"id":20847,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":27950,"content":27951,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":27953,"content":27954,"nodeType":1009},{},[27955],{"data":27956,"marks":27957,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[27958],{"type":899},{"data":27960,"content":27961,"nodeType":860},{},[27962,27966,27975],{"data":27963,"marks":27964,"value":27965,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to learn more about ClickFix attacks and how they’re evolving, ",{"data":27967,"content":27969,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27968},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/clickfix",[27970],{"data":27971,"marks":27972,"value":27974,"nodeType":864},{},[27973],{"type":1455},"check out our latest webinar (now available on-demand!)",{"data":27976,"marks":27977,"value":27978,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where we dive into real-world ClickFix examples and demonstrate how ClickFix sites work under the hood. ",{"data":27980,"content":27981,"nodeType":860},{},[27982,27985,27992,27995,28002],{"data":27983,"marks":27984,"value":23191,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27986,"content":27987,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[27988],{"data":27989,"marks":27990,"value":23199,"nodeType":864},{},[27991],{"type":1455},{"data":27993,"marks":27994,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":27996,"content":27997,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[27998],{"data":27999,"marks":28000,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[28001],{"type":1455},{"data":28003,"marks":28004,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":28006,"content":28009,"nodeType":996},{"target":28007},{"sys":28008},{"id":27567,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":28011,"content":28012,"nodeType":860},{},[28013],{"data":28014,"marks":28015,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most advanced ClickFix yet?","Breaking down the most sophisticated ClickFix page we’ve seen in the wild — and what it tells us about the future of malicious copy-and-paste attacks. ","2025-11-06T00:00:00.000Z","the-most-advanced-clickfix-yet",{"items":28021},[28022,28024],{"sys":28023,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":28025,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":28027},[28028],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":28029},{"url":2740},"analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack","blog/analysing-a-sophisticated-google-malvertising-attack",{"json":28033},{"data":28034,"content":28035,"nodeType":856},{},[28036],{"data":28037,"content":28038,"nodeType":860},{},[28039],{"data":28040,"marks":28041,"value":28042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push recently detected and blocked a malvertising attack impersonating TradingView, designed to hijack Google Workspace accounts via Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing. Here’s what you need to know. 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This often includes known security vendor IPs, VPN/proxy services, but is often used to target specific organizations (or even specific users within an organization). ",{"data":29352,"content":29353,"nodeType":860},{},[29354],{"data":29355,"marks":29356,"value":29357,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, where the correct parameters are not supplied or the phishing site detects an unwanted variable, it will redirect to a benign wikibooks page. ",{"data":29359,"content":29363,"nodeType":996},{"target":29360},{"sys":29361},{"id":29362,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"fN2XugiDIef8haTDapViT",[],{"data":29365,"content":29366,"nodeType":860},{},[29367,29371,29379,29383,29392],{"data":29368,"marks":29369,"value":29370,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Sneaky2FA has also been commonly observed using ",{"data":29372,"content":29373,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27209},[29374],{"data":29375,"marks":29376,"value":29378,"nodeType":864},{},[29377],{"type":1455},"anti-analysis",{"data":29380,"marks":29381,"value":29382,"nodeType":864},{},[]," techniques to detect or ",{"data":29384,"content":29386,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29385},"https://blog.sekoia.io/sneaky-2fa-exposing-a-new-aitm-phishing-as-a-service/#:~:text=Sneaky%202FA%20pages%20use%20anti,we%20identified%20as%20Sneaky%202FA",[29387],{"data":29388,"marks":29389,"value":29391,"nodeType":864},{},[29390],{"type":1455},"disable browser developer tools",{"data":29393,"marks":29394,"value":29395,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to block attempts to analyse the page for malicious content. ",{"data":29397,"content":29398,"nodeType":1312},{},[29399],{"data":29400,"marks":29401,"value":29403,"nodeType":864},{},[29402],{"type":899},"Page and code obfuscation",{"data":29405,"content":29406,"nodeType":860},{},[29407,29411,29420,29424,29433],{"data":29408,"marks":29409,"value":29410,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The HTML and JavaScript of Sneaky2FA pages are ",{"data":29412,"content":29414,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29413},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/page-obfuscation/",[29415],{"data":29416,"marks":29417,"value":29419,"nodeType":864},{},[29418],{"type":1455},"heavily obfuscated",{"data":29421,"marks":29422,"value":29423,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to evade static detection and pattern-matching, ",{"data":29425,"content":29427,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29426},"https://blog.sekoia.io/sneaky-2fa-exposing-a-new-aitm-phishing-as-a-service/#:~:text=,%E2%80%9CNo%20account%3F%E2%80%9D%20and%20%E2%80%9CSign%20in%E2%80%9D",[29428],{"data":29429,"marks":29430,"value":29432,"nodeType":864},{},[29431],{"type":1455},"such as",{"data":29434,"marks":29435,"value":29436,"nodeType":864},{},[]," breaking up UI text with invisible tags, embedding background and interface elements as encoded images instead of text, and other changes that are invisible to the user, but make it hard for scanning tools to fingerprint the page. ",{"data":29438,"content":29439,"nodeType":1312},{},[29440],{"data":29441,"marks":29442,"value":29444,"nodeType":864},{},[29443],{"type":899},"Domain rotation and URL masking",{"data":29446,"content":29447,"nodeType":860},{},[29448,29452,29461],{"data":29449,"marks":29450,"value":29451,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In addition to masking the phishing site URL presented to the user via the BITB window, Sneaky2FA has been seen using ",{"data":29453,"content":29455,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29454},"https://www.centripetal.ai/threat-research/typhoon-versus-sneaky",[29456],{"data":29457,"marks":29458,"value":29460,"nodeType":864},{},[29459],{"type":1455},"stealthy hosting and domain tactics",{"data":29462,"marks":29463,"value":29464,"nodeType":864},{},[],". 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This “burn-and-replace” approach makes traditional defenses (which rely on domain reputation or pattern-matching) much weaker.",{"data":29466,"content":29469,"nodeType":996},{"target":29467},{"sys":29468},{"id":24093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":29471,"content":29472,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29474,"content":29475,"nodeType":1009},{},[29476],{"data":29477,"marks":29478,"value":29480,"nodeType":864},{},[29479],{"type":899},"Are attackers moving to BITB? ",{"data":29482,"content":29483,"nodeType":860},{},[29484,29488,29497],{"data":29485,"marks":29486,"value":29487,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There is evidence that Sneaky2FAs shift to BITB might not be an isolated change. 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With identity-based attacks continuing to be the leading cause of breaches, attackers are incentivized to refine and enhance their phishing infrastructure. ",{"data":29526,"content":29527,"nodeType":860},{},[29528],{"data":29529,"marks":29530,"value":29531,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The addition of BITB, with the frequent iteration and improvement of detection evasion techniques, means that traditional security controls such as email gateways, web filters, and signature-based defenses will continue to be reliably bypassed. ",{"data":29533,"content":29534,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":29536,"content":29537,"nodeType":1009},{},[29538],{"data":29539,"marks":29540,"value":29542,"nodeType":864},{},[29541],{"type":899},"How Push can help",{"data":29544,"content":29545,"nodeType":860},{},[29546],{"data":29547,"marks":29548,"value":27385,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":29550,"content":29551,"nodeType":860},{},[29552],{"data":29553,"marks":29554,"value":29555,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Despite the various detection evasion techniques, and the use of BITB methods, Push still detected this toolkit running on the page, enabling any attack to be detected and blocked before the user could be phished. 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biggest cybersecurity story this year (so far) has been the emergence of “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” and their record-breaking worldwide hacking spree. ",{"data":31356,"content":31357,"nodeType":860},{},[31358],{"data":31359,"marks":31360,"value":31361,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters is part of “The Com”, the name for the broad community of English-speaking cybercriminals with international criminal connections — including with nation-state sponsored groups. They are also known to collaborate with a range of cybercrime “as-a-Service” organizations for phishing, initial access, ransomware, and more. ",{"data":31363,"content":31364,"nodeType":860},{},[31365],{"data":31366,"marks":31367,"value":31368,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s difficult to pin down exactly who the individuals are that make up this criminal collective. But what is known is their MO — making money through extortion by means of account takeover, mass data theft, and ransomware deployment. ",{"data":31370,"content":31371,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":31373,"content":31374,"nodeType":1009},{},[31375],{"data":31376,"marks":31377,"value":31379,"nodeType":864},{},[31378],{"type":899},"How did we get here? ",{"data":31381,"content":31382,"nodeType":860},{},[31383],{"data":31384,"marks":31385,"value":31386,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Earlier this year, the threat group known to most analysts as Scattered Spider (also tracked as 0ktapus, Octo Tempest, Scatter Swine, Muddled Libra, and UNC3944) re-emerged after a series of arrests in late 2024. ",{"data":31388,"content":31389,"nodeType":860},{},[31390],{"data":31391,"marks":31392,"value":31393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This group has been active in peaks and troughs over the years, but are mainly known for high-profile ransomware attacks on Caesars and MGM Resorts in 2024. ",{"data":31395,"content":31399,"nodeType":996},{"target":31396},{"sys":31397},{"id":31398,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1Vt269d7n6IGMzOrJs1FDx",[],{"data":31401,"content":31402,"nodeType":860},{},[31403],{"data":31404,"marks":31405,"value":31406,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider hit the headlines again in April 2025 with attacks on UK retailers Marks & Spencer and Co-op, which resulted in significant, prolonged disruption, and a serious downstream impact on the retail supply chain. ",{"data":31408,"content":31412,"nodeType":996},{"target":31409},{"sys":31410},{"id":31411,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3kvcGV2zZZUPnM8IK04Y1O",[],{"data":31414,"content":31415,"nodeType":860},{},[31416,31420,31429],{"data":31417,"marks":31418,"value":31419,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It didn’t stop there, though. What followed was a wide-scale campaign targeting Salesforce customers, with the attackers claiming to have stolen ",{"data":31421,"content":31423,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31422},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claims-15-billion-salesforce-records-stolen-in-drift-hacks/",[31424],{"data":31425,"marks":31426,"value":31428,"nodeType":864},{},[31427],{"type":1455},"over 1.5 billion records from 1000+ companies",{"data":31430,"marks":31431,"value":31432,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across multiple verticals, including heavyweights like Google, Cloudflare, Workday, Adidas, FedEx, Disney, LVMH, and many more.",{"data":31434,"content":31435,"nodeType":860},{},[31436],{"data":31437,"marks":31438,"value":31439,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Around this time, the attackers began to refer to themselves as part of a wider collective, assuming the moniker “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” (a mash-up of names given by analysts and self-adopted by attackers — Scattered Spider, ShinyHunters, and Lapsus$).",{"data":31441,"content":31442,"nodeType":860},{},[31443,31447],{"data":31444,"marks":31445,"value":31446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most significant breach this year to-date impacted Jaguar Land Rover. A ransomware attack resulted in months of disruption that directly impacted the UK’s GDP, with the government underwriting a $1.5B loan to alleviate the supply chain impact. ",{"data":31448,"marks":31449,"value":31451,"nodeType":864},{},[31450],{"type":899},"In fact, this was the most economically consequential cyber attack yet recorded in a G7 economy. ",{"data":31453,"content":31454,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":31456,"content":31457,"nodeType":1009},{},[31458],{"data":31459,"marks":31460,"value":31462,"nodeType":864},{},[31461],{"type":899},"2025 wasn’t a one-off",{"data":31464,"content":31465,"nodeType":860},{},[31466],{"data":31467,"marks":31468,"value":31469,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The developments through 2025 have presented a stronger picture than ever before that cybercriminal operations are heavily interlinked. Groups overlap considerably, and individuals freely move between different cells. ",{"data":31471,"content":31472,"nodeType":860},{},[31473,31477,31482],{"data":31474,"marks":31475,"value":31476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we scratch beneath the surface, this is evident in the tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) used by these attackers — even stretching as far back as 2021 with the initial rise of Lapsus$. This is not an accident. ",{"data":31478,"marks":31479,"value":31481,"nodeType":864},{},[31480],{"type":899},"The TTPs used show a conscious move by attackers to move away from environments that are well-protected by traditional security tools. ",{"data":31483,"marks":31484,"value":31485,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means avoiding targeting endpoints with malware, and not relying on software-based exploits. Instead, these attackers look to take over apps and services directly over the internet. ",{"data":31487,"content":31488,"nodeType":860},{},[31489],{"data":31490,"marks":31491,"value":31492,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most of the time, this is as simple as logging in to a SaaS app, or an enterprise SSO account (e.g. Microsoft, Okta, or Google) and dumping the data. For attackers that want to take it further, they can abuse the sprawl of interconnected apps that make up modern business IT, seeking out specific data or exploitable functionality. Or, they can leverage internet-accessible management portals to chart a path back to your on-premise assets, giving them everything they need to pivot toward more conventional methods such as ransomware deployment. ",{"data":31494,"content":31495,"nodeType":860},{},[31496,31500],{"data":31497,"marks":31498,"value":31499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we look at historical breaches, the pattern is clear. ",{"data":31501,"marks":31502,"value":31504,"nodeType":864},{},[31503],{"type":899},"Not one of the attacks attributed to Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters, or its predecessors, started with an endpoint or network attack — they all began with account takeover. ",{"data":31506,"content":31510,"nodeType":996},{"target":31507},{"sys":31508},{"id":31509,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6poP5VM2ARrEvwKEG42HgK",[],{"data":31512,"content":31513,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":31515,"content":31516,"nodeType":1009},{},[31517],{"data":31518,"marks":31519,"value":31521,"nodeType":864},{},[31520],{"type":899},"TTP breakdown: Analyzing the top “Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters” breaches since 2021",{"data":31523,"content":31524,"nodeType":1312},{},[31525],{"data":31526,"marks":31527,"value":31529,"nodeType":864},{},[31528],{"type":899},"Phishing and stolen credentials",{"data":31531,"content":31535,"nodeType":996},{"target":31532},{"sys":31533},{"id":31534,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4SNOanDIdGZsvRRnMYQVSo",[],{"data":31537,"content":31538,"nodeType":860},{},[31539],{"data":31540,"marks":31541,"value":31544,"nodeType":864},{},[31542,31543],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"EA Games (2021)",{"data":31546,"content":31547,"nodeType":860},{},[31548,31552,31561],{"data":31549,"marks":31550,"value":31551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers used stolen session cookies to log into EA’s Slack instance, purchased on a criminal forum. Combined with ",{"data":31553,"content":31555,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31554},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-slack-persistence/",[31556],{"data":31557,"marks":31558,"value":31560,"nodeType":864},{},[31559],{"type":1455},"social engineering via Slack",{"data":31562,"marks":31563,"value":31564,"nodeType":864},{},[],", this was used to steal 750GB of data, including video game source code. ",{"data":31566,"content":31567,"nodeType":860},{},[31568],{"data":31569,"marks":31570,"value":31573,"nodeType":864},{},[31571,31572],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Nvidia (2022)",{"data":31575,"content":31576,"nodeType":860},{},[31577],{"data":31578,"marks":31579,"value":31580,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to steal 1TB of data from Nvidia’s internal shares, including a significant amount of sensitive information about the designs of Nvidia graphics cards, source code, and the usernames and passwords of more than 71,000 Nvidia employees.",{"data":31582,"content":31583,"nodeType":860},{},[31584],{"data":31585,"marks":31586,"value":31589,"nodeType":864},{},[31587,31588],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Microsoft (2022)",{"data":31591,"content":31592,"nodeType":860},{},[31593,31597,31605],{"data":31594,"marks":31595,"value":31596,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials combined with SIM swapping and ",{"data":31598,"content":31600,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31599},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_fatigue/description.md",[31601],{"data":31602,"marks":31603,"value":31604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA fatigue",{"data":31606,"marks":31607,"value":31608,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks to steal Azure DevOps source code — leaked a 9GB archive of Microsoft source code – including ~90% of Bing and 45% of Cortana code. ",{"data":31610,"content":31611,"nodeType":860},{},[31612],{"data":31613,"marks":31614,"value":31617,"nodeType":864},{},[31615,31616],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"T-Mobile (2022)",{"data":31619,"content":31620,"nodeType":860},{},[31621],{"data":31622,"marks":31623,"value":31624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers used stolen credentials to establish initial access, coupled with social engineering T-Mobile staff into approving the attacker’s device for VPN access. This resulted in source code being stolen from over 30,000 repositories. ",{"data":31626,"content":31627,"nodeType":860},{},[31628],{"data":31629,"marks":31630,"value":31633,"nodeType":864},{},[31631,31632],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Snowflake (165 customers) (2024)",{"data":31635,"content":31636,"nodeType":860},{},[31637,31641,31649,31653,31660],{"data":31638,"marks":31639,"value":31640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers targeted ",{"data":31642,"content":31643,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[31644],{"data":31645,"marks":31646,"value":31648,"nodeType":864},{},[31647],{"type":1455},"165 Snowflake customers",{"data":31650,"marks":31651,"value":31652,"nodeType":864},{},[]," using stolen credentials from credential breaches dating back as far as 2020. Due to widespread MFA gaps and the presence of ",{"data":31654,"content":31655,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[31656],{"data":31657,"marks":31658,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[31659],{"type":1455},{"data":31661,"marks":31662,"value":31663,"nodeType":864},{},[],", attackers were able to simply log in to individual customer tenants, dump the data, and use it to extort the companies. In total, 9 public victims were named following the breach, with over 1B breached customer records. ",{"data":31665,"content":31666,"nodeType":860},{},[31667],{"data":31668,"marks":31669,"value":31672,"nodeType":864},{},[31670,31671],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"PowerSchool (2024)",{"data":31674,"content":31675,"nodeType":860},{},[31676],{"data":31677,"marks":31678,"value":31679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers gained access to a community-focused customer support portal, PowerSource, using compromised credentials and stole data using an \"export data manager\" customer support tool, stealing the data of 62.4 million students and 9.5 million teachers. PowerSchool paid an undisclosed ransom fee, but hackers returned later to extort schools and individuals separately anyway.",{"data":31681,"content":31682,"nodeType":860},{},[31683],{"data":31684,"marks":31685,"value":31688,"nodeType":864},{},[31686,31687],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Red Hat (2025)",{"data":31690,"content":31691,"nodeType":860},{},[31692,31696,31703],{"data":31693,"marks":31694,"value":31695,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers breached Red Hat’s GitLab instance via a compromised account — the result of ",{"data":31697,"content":31698,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[31699],{"data":31700,"marks":31701,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[31702],{"type":1455},{"data":31704,"marks":31705,"value":31706,"nodeType":864},{},[]," providing a backdoor to access an otherwise secure, SSO-connected account. Stolen data included approximately 800 Customer Engagement Reports (CERs), authentication tokens, full database URIs, and other private information in Red Hat code and CERs, which they claimed to use to gain access to downstream customer infrastructure. ",{"data":31708,"content":31712,"nodeType":996},{"target":31709},{"sys":31710},{"id":31711,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"G1V7d5Dvevmr9p0YXElPX",[],{"data":31714,"content":31715,"nodeType":860},{},[31716],{"data":31717,"marks":31718,"value":31721,"nodeType":864},{},[31719,31720],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Discord (2025)",{"data":31723,"content":31724,"nodeType":860},{},[31725],{"data":31726,"marks":31727,"value":31728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Zendesk customer support account, stealing 1.6TB of data. The hackers say this consisted of roughly 8.4 million tickets affecting 5.5 million unique users, and that about 580,000 users contained payment information.",{"data":31730,"content":31731,"nodeType":860},{},[31732],{"data":31733,"marks":31734,"value":31737,"nodeType":864},{},[31735,31736],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"SoundCloud, MatchGroup, Crunchbase, Betterment... (2026)",{"data":31739,"content":31740,"nodeType":860},{},[31741,31745,31753,31756,31764,31768,31775],{"data":31742,"marks":31743,"value":31744,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters have already claimed several public victims in 2026, with over 60 million breached records. ",{"data":31746,"content":31748,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31747},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shinyhunters-claim-to-be-behind-sso-account-data-theft-attacks/",[31749],{"data":31750,"marks":31751,"value":31752,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SoundCloud, Betterment, Crunchbase",{"data":31754,"marks":31755,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":31757,"content":31759,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31758},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/match-group-breach-exposes-data-from-hinge-tinder-okcupid-and-match/",[31760],{"data":31761,"marks":31762,"value":31763,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MatchGroup",{"data":31765,"marks":31766,"value":31767,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have all reported breaches this month, powered by a brand ",{"data":31769,"content":31770,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13236},[31771],{"data":31772,"marks":31773,"value":31774,"nodeType":864},{},[],"new real-time-operated AiTM phishing kit",{"data":31776,"marks":31777,"value":31778,"nodeType":864},{},[]," targeting Okta, Entra, and Google SSO accounts. This is a developing situation, with more victims expected to be announced publicly soon.",{"data":31780,"content":31781,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":31783,"content":31784,"nodeType":1312},{},[31785],{"data":31786,"marks":31787,"value":31789,"nodeType":864},{},[31788],{"type":899},"Vishing and help desk scams",{"data":31791,"content":31792,"nodeType":860},{},[31793],{"data":31794,"marks":31795,"value":31798,"nodeType":864},{},[31796,31797],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"MGM Resorts & Caesars (2023)",{"data":31800,"content":31801,"nodeType":860},{},[31802,31806,31815],{"data":31803,"marks":31804,"value":31805,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MGM Resorts and Caesars were hit with twin breaches in 2023. Attackers socially engineered help desk personnel to take over accounts with Super Administrator privileges within MGM Resorts’ Okta tenant, which they then used to register a second, attacker-controlled IdP via ",{"data":31807,"content":31809,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31808},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/inbound_federation/description.md",[31810],{"data":31811,"marks":31812,"value":31814,"nodeType":864},{},[31813],{"type":1455},"inbound federation",{"data":31816,"marks":31817,"value":31818,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — granting comprehensive access that was used to deploy ransomware. ",{"data":31820,"content":31821,"nodeType":860},{},[31822],{"data":31823,"marks":31824,"value":31827,"nodeType":864},{},[31825,31826],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Transport for London (2024)",{"data":31829,"content":31830,"nodeType":860},{},[31831],{"data":31832,"marks":31833,"value":31834,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers socially engineered the Transport for London help desk to gain privileged access to the IT environment, resulting in prolonged disruption to key online services underpinning London’s public transport network, theft of 5,000 users bank details, and all 30,000 staff members having to reset their online credentials in person.",{"data":31836,"content":31837,"nodeType":860},{},[31838],{"data":31839,"marks":31840,"value":31843,"nodeType":864},{},[31841,31842],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Marks & Spencer (2025)",{"data":31845,"content":31846,"nodeType":860},{},[31847,31851,31860,31864,31873],{"data":31848,"marks":31849,"value":31850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers compromised a Microsoft Entra account belonging to a privileged user via a ",{"data":31852,"content":31854,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31853},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-spider-defending-against-help-desk-scams/",[31855],{"data":31856,"marks":31857,"value":31859,"nodeType":864},{},[31858],{"type":1455},"help desk scam",{"data":31861,"marks":31862,"value":31863,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which enabled them to steal sensitive data from cloud environments, as well as pivot to deploy ransomware via the ",{"data":31865,"content":31867,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31866},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/vsphere-active-directory-integration-risks",[31868],{"data":31869,"marks":31870,"value":31872,"nodeType":864},{},[31871],{"type":1455},"VMware admin console",{"data":31874,"marks":31875,"value":31876,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This enabled ransomware to be deployed at the hypervisor layer, evading host-based protections like EDR. ",{"data":31878,"content":31882,"nodeType":996},{"target":31879},{"sys":31880},{"id":31881,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7hBdHG74NaA3bQfOMpYA9o",[],{"data":31884,"content":31885,"nodeType":860},{},[31886],{"data":31887,"marks":31888,"value":31891,"nodeType":864},{},[31889,31890],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Jaguar Land Rover (2025)",{"data":31893,"content":31894,"nodeType":860},{},[31895],{"data":31896,"marks":31897,"value":31898,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers compromised highly privileged admin accounts via a help desk scam, which they leveraged to access and deploy ransomware to all aspects of Jaguar’s business, from CAD and engineering software, to payments tracking, to customer car delivery, using similar techniques to the Marks & Spencer breach. ",{"data":31900,"content":31904,"nodeType":996},{"target":31901},{"sys":31902},{"id":31903,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6s1X2fo4K9EeVLBmHm4YXb",[],{"data":31906,"content":31907,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":31909,"content":31910,"nodeType":1312},{},[31911],{"data":31912,"marks":31913,"value":694,"nodeType":864},{},[31914],{"type":899},{"data":31916,"content":31917,"nodeType":860},{},[31918],{"data":31919,"marks":31920,"value":31923,"nodeType":864},{},[31921,31922],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"Salesforce & Salesloft (1000+ customers) (2025)",{"data":31925,"content":31926,"nodeType":860},{},[31927],{"data":31928,"marks":31929,"value":31930,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A vast campaign against Salesforce customers resulted in the compromise of 1000+ Salesforce tenants (according to the attacker) with more than 1.5 billion records stolen. This campaign can consisted of three phases:",{"data":31932,"content":31933,"nodeType":941},{},[31934,31949,31964],{"data":31935,"content":31936,"nodeType":945},{},[31937],{"data":31938,"content":31939,"nodeType":860},{},[31940,31945],{"data":31941,"marks":31942,"value":31944,"nodeType":864},{},[31943],{"type":899},"Phase 1:",{"data":31946,"marks":31947,"value":31948,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The attacker conducted a large-scale vishing campaign against Salesforce customers, calling up users and socially engineering them into connecting a malicious version of the “Data Loader” app into their tenant. This was in fact an attacker-controlled app that enabled data to be mass-exfiltrated via API. ",{"data":31950,"content":31951,"nodeType":945},{},[31952],{"data":31953,"content":31954,"nodeType":860},{},[31955,31960],{"data":31956,"marks":31957,"value":31959,"nodeType":864},{},[31958],{"type":899},"Phase 2: ",{"data":31961,"marks":31962,"value":31963,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker conducted a supply-chain compromise against customers of Salesloft. Users of Salesloft’s “Drift” integration were impacted by attackers stealing access tokens from Salesloft’s AWS environment. This integration allowed the attacker to steal data from customers that had deployed Drift to connected environments — namely, Salesforce, and Google Workspace. ",{"data":31965,"content":31966,"nodeType":945},{},[31967],{"data":31968,"content":31969,"nodeType":860},{},[31970,31975,31979,31987],{"data":31971,"marks":31972,"value":31974,"nodeType":864},{},[31973],{"type":899},"Phase 3:",{"data":31976,"marks":31977,"value":31978,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The attacker then conducted a separate supply-chain compromise involving Gainsight (allegedly using OAuth tokens stolen in the Salesloft attack) which enabled them to ",{"data":31980,"content":31982,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31981},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/salesforce-investigates-customer-data-theft-via-gainsight-breach/",[31983],{"data":31984,"marks":31985,"value":31986,"nodeType":864},{},[],"breach a further 285 Salesforce instances",{"data":31988,"marks":31989,"value":31990,"nodeType":864},{},[]," using stolen OAuth tokens from Gainsight's integrations. ",{"data":31992,"content":31996,"nodeType":996},{"target":31993},{"sys":31994},{"id":31995,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3TwjpVKQ42SwQRhvGFbZdn",[],{"data":31998,"content":31999,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32001,"content":32002,"nodeType":1312},{},[32003],{"data":32004,"marks":32005,"value":699,"nodeType":864},{},[32006],{"type":899},{"data":32008,"content":32009,"nodeType":860},{},[32010],{"data":32011,"marks":32012,"value":32015,"nodeType":864},{},[32013,32014],{"type":899},{"type":1455},"CyberHaven (2024)",{"data":32017,"content":32018,"nodeType":860},{},[32019],{"data":32020,"marks":32021,"value":32022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hackers phished a CyberHaven extension developer and uploaded a malicious version of the CyberHaven extension to the Chrome Web Store, leading to customer data breaches where installed in user browsers, impacting CyberHaven’s estimated ~400 business customers. This was part of a broader campaign that targeted 35 Chrome extensions, collectively impacting over 2.5 million users.",{"data":32024,"content":32028,"nodeType":996},{"target":32025},{"sys":32026},{"id":32027,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ErDI0xi0Vj2Zrk8Qsb2NB",[],{"data":32030,"content":32031,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32033,"content":32034,"nodeType":1009},{},[32035],{"data":32036,"marks":32037,"value":32039,"nodeType":864},{},[32038],{"type":899},"The bigger picture",{"data":32041,"content":32042,"nodeType":860},{},[32043],{"data":32044,"marks":32045,"value":32046,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters are dominating the headlines right now, but they aren’t the only attackers using these modern techniques and consciously evading established security controls. ",{"data":32048,"content":32049,"nodeType":860},{},[32050],{"data":32051,"marks":32052,"value":32053,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Threat reports agree that attackers are steering away from traditional exploit and malware-driven breaches towards identities:",{"data":32055,"content":32056,"nodeType":941},{},[32057,32077,32098],{"data":32058,"content":32059,"nodeType":945},{},[32060],{"data":32061,"content":32062,"nodeType":860},{},[32063,32067,32074],{"data":32064,"marks":32065,"value":32066,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity-based attacks surged 32% in the last year, while 97% of identity attacks are password-based, driven by credential leaks and infostealer malware. (",{"data":32068,"content":32069,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20193},[32070],{"data":32071,"marks":32072,"value":20198,"nodeType":864},{},[32073],{"type":1455},{"data":32075,"marks":32076,"value":20202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32078,"content":32079,"nodeType":945},{},[32080],{"data":32081,"content":32082,"nodeType":860},{},[32083,32087,32095],{"data":32084,"marks":32085,"value":32086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"79% of detections were malware-free in the last year, up from 40% in 2019. (",{"data":32088,"content":32089,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20234},[32090],{"data":32091,"marks":32092,"value":32094,"nodeType":864},{},[32093],{"type":1455},"CrowdStrike",{"data":32096,"marks":32097,"value":20202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32099,"content":32100,"nodeType":945},{},[32101],{"data":32102,"content":32103,"nodeType":860},{},[32104,32108,32116],{"data":32105,"marks":32106,"value":32107,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credential abuse and phishing combined accounted for 38% of breaches, making identity the primary breach vector observed. (",{"data":32109,"content":32110,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18737},[32111],{"data":32112,"marks":32113,"value":32115,"nodeType":864},{},[32114],{"type":1455},"Verizon",{"data":32117,"marks":32118,"value":20202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":32120,"content":32121,"nodeType":860},{},[32122],{"data":32123,"marks":32124,"value":32125,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And other public breaches from this year alone demonstrate similar TTPs from outside of the Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters orbit:",{"data":32127,"content":32128,"nodeType":941},{},[32129,32144,32159,32174],{"data":32130,"content":32131,"nodeType":945},{},[32132],{"data":32133,"content":32134,"nodeType":860},{},[32135,32140],{"data":32136,"marks":32137,"value":32139,"nodeType":864},{},[32138],{"type":899},"Nikkei",{"data":32141,"marks":32142,"value":32143,"nodeType":864},{},[],": Japanese publishing giant Nikkei’s Slack messaging platform was compromised using stolen credentials, leaking the names, email addresses, and chat histories for 17,368 individuals registered on Slack.",{"data":32145,"content":32146,"nodeType":945},{},[32147],{"data":32148,"content":32149,"nodeType":860},{},[32150,32155],{"data":32151,"marks":32152,"value":32154,"nodeType":864},{},[32153],{"type":899},"Evertec",{"data":32156,"marks":32157,"value":32158,"nodeType":864},{},[],": Hackers tried to steal $130 million from Evertec’s Brazilian subsidiary Sinqia S.A.after gaining unauthorized access to its environment on the central bank’s real-time payment system (Pix) using stolen credentials.",{"data":32160,"content":32161,"nodeType":945},{},[32162],{"data":32163,"content":32164,"nodeType":860},{},[32165,32170],{"data":32166,"marks":32167,"value":32169,"nodeType":864},{},[32168],{"type":899},"Hy-Vee:",{"data":32171,"marks":32172,"value":32173,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Was hit with a data breach after hackers logged in with stolen credentials, exposing 53GB of sensitive data.",{"data":32175,"content":32176,"nodeType":945},{},[32177],{"data":32178,"content":32179,"nodeType":860},{},[32180,32185],{"data":32181,"marks":32182,"value":32184,"nodeType":864},{},[32183],{"type":899},"Scania: ",{"data":32186,"marks":32187,"value":32188,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automotive giant Scania confirmed it suffered a cybersecurity incident where threat actors used compromised credentials to breach its Financial Services systems and steal insurance claim documents.",{"data":32190,"content":32191,"nodeType":860},{},[32192],{"data":32193,"marks":32194,"value":32195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Lapsus$ Hunters may be grabbing the headlines — but this a huge movement in a vast and flexible community of attackers. And criminals around the world are learning from their success. ",{"data":32197,"content":32198,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32200,"content":32201,"nodeType":1009},{},[32202],{"data":32203,"marks":32204,"value":32206,"nodeType":864},{},[32205],{"type":899},"Lessons learned",{"data":32208,"content":32209,"nodeType":860},{},[32210],{"data":32211,"marks":32212,"value":32213,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The common thread with all of these attacks is that they are evading established security controls by targeting applications directly, over the internet, via account takeover.",{"data":32215,"content":32216,"nodeType":860},{},[32217],{"data":32218,"marks":32219,"value":32220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clearly, the success of these attacks shows the limitations of multiple control layers. Endpoint and network layer controls have no visibility of this attack surface. Identity-focused controls are being undermined by ghost logins and shadow IT. And the limitations of cloud security controls in their ability to encompass all apps, and detect and stop malicious actions in real-time (that often blend in seamlessly with normal user activity). ",{"data":32222,"content":32226,"nodeType":996},{"target":32223},{"sys":32224},{"id":32225,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Dg3fZEGf7ShyQJ8jlNDME",[],{"data":32228,"content":32229,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":32231,"content":32232,"nodeType":1009},{},[32233],{"data":32234,"marks":32235,"value":29542,"nodeType":864},{},[32236],{"type":899},{"data":32238,"content":32239,"nodeType":860},{},[32240],{"data":32241,"marks":32242,"value":32243,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stopping attacks that are designed to evade established controls is in our DNA — it’s the reason Push was founded. ",{"data":32245,"content":32246,"nodeType":860},{},[32247],{"data":32248,"marks":32249,"value":32250,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser is the gateway to to the apps and identities that attackers are now targeting, with many 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Entering credentials and completing the MFA check will result in their Microsoft session being stolen by the attacker. ",{"data":33375,"content":33379,"nodeType":996},{"target":33376},{"sys":33377},{"id":33378,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5FCa4EJwyux13K9KBT3nd4",[],{"data":33381,"content":33382,"nodeType":860},{},[33383],{"data":33384,"marks":33385,"value":33386,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see the full timeline of events in the Detection Timeline below. ",{"data":33388,"content":33392,"nodeType":996},{"target":33389},{"sys":33390},{"id":33391,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"8lizkPJcGdZhtWFV2QEwQ",[],{"data":33394,"content":33395,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":33397,"content":33398,"nodeType":1009},{},[33399],{"data":33400,"marks":33401,"value":33403,"nodeType":864},{},[33402],{"type":899},"Detection evasion techniques observed",{"data":33405,"content":33406,"nodeType":860},{},[33407,33411,33418],{"data":33408,"marks":33409,"value":33410,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker used a number of ",{"data":33412,"content":33413,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8241},[33414],{"data":33415,"marks":33416,"value":21989,"nodeType":864},{},[33417],{"type":1455},{"data":33419,"marks":33420,"value":33421,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to prevent the phishing site being analysed and detected by security tools. ",{"data":33423,"content":33427,"nodeType":996},{"target":33424},{"sys":33425},{"id":33426,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7q9D1MREwTCCpnjvZZ5wk1",[],{"data":33429,"content":33430,"nodeType":1312},{},[33431],{"data":33432,"marks":33433,"value":33435,"nodeType":864},{},[33434],{"type":899},"LinkedIn delivery",{"data":33437,"content":33438,"nodeType":860},{},[33439,33443,33452],{"data":33440,"marks":33441,"value":33442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we mentioned above, sending phishing lures via ",{"data":33444,"content":33446,"nodeType":883},{"uri":33445},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/social-media/",[33447],{"data":33448,"marks":33449,"value":33451,"nodeType":864},{},[33450],{"type":1455},"social media apps",{"data":33453,"marks":33454,"value":33455,"nodeType":864},{},[]," like LinkedIn is a great way to reach employees in a place that they expect to be contacted by people outside of their organization. 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By obfuscating the initial URL delivered to victims, and both masking and rotating the phishing URLs, it is much harder for organizations to blocklist known-bad sites effectively.",{"data":34480,"content":34483,"nodeType":996},{"target":34481},{"sys":34482},{"id":24093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":34485,"content":34486,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":34488,"content":34489,"nodeType":1009},{},[34490],{"data":34491,"marks":34492,"value":34494,"nodeType":864},{},[34493],{"type":899},"Indicators of Compromise",{"data":34496,"content":34497,"nodeType":860},{},[34498],{"data":34499,"marks":34500,"value":34501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Static IoCs are of limited value in this case due to the use of disposable pages designed to be used once and then rotated. In this case, the page hosting the malicious AITM kit has now been flagged by Google after being reported. This makes blocking specific malicious subdomains hosted on otherwise legitimate sites difficult. However, we have observed a consistent pattern in the attacks identified by Push:",{"data":34503,"content":34504,"nodeType":941},{},[34505,34515,34525,34535],{"data":34506,"content":34507,"nodeType":945},{},[34508],{"data":34509,"content":34510,"nodeType":860},{},[34511],{"data":34512,"marks":34513,"value":34514,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing lure delivered over LinkedIn",{"data":34516,"content":34517,"nodeType":945},{},[34518],{"data":34519,"content":34520,"nodeType":860},{},[34521],{"data":34522,"marks":34523,"value":34524,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Link to sites.google.com page (e.g. sites.google.com/view/\u003CINVESTMENTCOMPANY>-ai/home)",{"data":34526,"content":34527,"nodeType":945},{},[34528],{"data":34529,"content":34530,"nodeType":860},{},[34531],{"data":34532,"marks":34533,"value":34534,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Link to Microsoft Dynamics page (e.g. [assets-usa.mkt].dynamics.com/...)",{"data":34536,"content":34537,"nodeType":945},{},[34538],{"data":34539,"content":34540,"nodeType":860},{},[34541],{"data":34542,"marks":34543,"value":34544,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Link to (*).sa.com phishing page",{"data":34546,"content":34547,"nodeType":860},{},[34548],{"data":34549,"marks":34550,"value":34551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Given the targeted nature of the attack, we recommend hunting for executive-level users accessing some combination of these URLs (and variants) in a short timespan.",{"data":34553,"content":34554,"nodeType":860},{},[34555],{"data":34556,"marks":34557,"value":34558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We also recommend informing your executive team about the rise in LinkedIn phishing attacks and the specific nature of the investment opportunity lure.",{"data":34560,"content":34561,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":34563,"content":34564,"nodeType":1009},{},[34565],{"data":34566,"marks":34567,"value":8231,"nodeType":864},{},[34568],{"type":899},{"data":34570,"content":34571,"nodeType":860},{},[34572],{"data":34573,"marks":34574,"value":34575,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There aren’t many more valuable accounts than those belonging to your company executives. Compromising a Google Workspace account doesn’t just give the attacker access to the Workspace tenant, emails, chat, etc. — it also grants access to any accounts on downstream apps configured for SSO. The blast radius of such a compromise is pretty widespread, giving plenty of scope for further exploitation for an attacker with a clear idea of what they want to achieve. ",{"data":34577,"content":34578,"nodeType":860},{},[34579,34583,34592,34595,34604,34608,34616],{"data":34580,"marks":34581,"value":34582,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In short, stopping this attack at the earliest opportunity was a significant benefit. Even if the attack had been later stopped following the compromise and the stolen account reset, unpicking the web of potentially compromised downstream accounts that may have been accessed and backdoored by the attacker (such as by configuring stealthy persistence mechanisms like ",{"data":34584,"content":34586,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34585},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/evil_twin_integrations/description.md",[34587],{"data":34588,"marks":34589,"value":34591,"nodeType":864},{},[34590],{"type":1455},"evil twin integrations",{"data":34593,"marks":34594,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":34596,"content":34598,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34597},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_keys/description.md",[34599],{"data":34600,"marks":34601,"value":34603,"nodeType":864},{},[34602],{"type":1455},"API keys",{"data":34605,"marks":34606,"value":34607,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or other ",{"data":34609,"content":34610,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[34611],{"data":34612,"marks":34613,"value":34615,"nodeType":864},{},[34614],{"type":1455},"ghost login",{"data":34617,"marks":34618,"value":34619,"nodeType":864},{},[]," methods) presents a sizable overhead for the security team.     ",{"data":34621,"content":34622,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":34624,"content":34625,"nodeType":1009},{},[34626],{"data":34627,"marks":34628,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[34629],{"type":899},{"data":34631,"content":34632,"nodeType":860},{},[34633],{"data":34634,"marks":34635,"value":34636,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Two key features played a part in this detection, which you can read more about below:",{"data":34638,"content":34639,"nodeType":941},{},[34640,34661],{"data":34641,"content":34642,"nodeType":945},{},[34643],{"data":34644,"content":34645,"nodeType":860},{},[34646,34649,34658],{"data":34647,"marks":34648,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":34650,"content":34652,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34651},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/",[34653],{"data":34654,"marks":34655,"value":34657,"nodeType":864},{},[34656],{"type":1455},"Phishing attack detection",{"data":34659,"marks":34660,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":34662,"content":34663,"nodeType":945},{},[34664],{"data":34665,"content":34666,"nodeType":860},{},[34667,34670,34679],{"data":34668,"marks":34669,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":34671,"content":34673,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34672},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-push-detections/",[34674],{"data":34675,"marks":34676,"value":34678,"nodeType":864},{},[34677],{"type":1455},"Push detection and response capabilities inc. timeline visibility ",{"data":34680,"marks":34681,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":34683,"content":34684,"nodeType":860},{},[34685,34689,34694,34698,34705],{"data":34686,"marks":34687,"value":34688,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push doesn’t detect the redirect tricks or rely on outdated domain TI feeds. The reason we detect these attacks (which make it through all the other layers of phishing protection) is that ",{"data":34690,"marks":34691,"value":34693,"nodeType":864},{},[34692],{"type":899},"Push sees what your users see",{"data":34695,"marks":34696,"value":34697,"nodeType":864},{},[],". It doesn’t matter what ",{"data":34699,"content":34700,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8241},[34701],{"data":34702,"marks":34703,"value":24051,"nodeType":864},{},[34704],{"type":1455},{"data":34706,"marks":34707,"value":34708,"nodeType":864},{},[],", Push detects and blocks attacks by identifying the attack in real time, as the user loads the page in their web browser.",{"data":34710,"content":34711,"nodeType":860},{},[34712],{"data":34713,"marks":34714,"value":34715,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t all we do: Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks browser-based attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You don’t need to wait until it all goes wrong — you can also use Push to find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":34717,"content":34718,"nodeType":860},{},[34719,34723,34730],{"data":34720,"marks":34721,"value":34722,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and stop attacks in the browser, ",{"data":34724,"content":34725,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[34726],{"data":34727,"marks":34728,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[34729],{"type":1455},{"data":34731,"marks":34732,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How Push stopped a high risk LinkedIn spear-phishing attack against a company exec","How Push saved a company exec from a sophisticated Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing attack delivered via a LinkedIn direct message.","2025-09-08T00:00:00.000Z","how-push-stopped-a-high-risk-linkedin-spear-phishing-attack",{"items":34738},[34739,34741],{"sys":34740,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":34742,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":34744},[34745],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":34746},{"url":2740},"blog/analyzing-the-latest-sneaky2fa-phishing-page",{"json":34749},{"data":34750,"content":34751,"nodeType":856},{},[34752],{"data":34753,"content":34754,"nodeType":860},{},[34755],{"data":34756,"marks":34757,"value":34758,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recently came across an interesting phishing example indicating that the authors of the Sneaky2FA criminal Phishing-as-a-Service (PhaaS) kit have added Browser-in-the-Browser (BITB) functionality to their repertoire. 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mins",{"sys":35304,"__typename":1724,"title":35305,"caption":35305,"layoutMode":59,"file":35306},{"id":27508},"The most advanced ClickFix page we’ve seen — complete with an embedded video showing the victim how to complete the check.",{"url":35307,"width":1736,"height":35308},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/ImveC0bIdp4QxXqHyQKz9/526f7ae589f71d0c23c7c738b8d0bc90/image3.png",1117,{"sys":35310,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":35311,"buttonLabel":35312,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":27968},{"id":27567},"Check out our latest webinar for a deep dive into the evolution of ClickFix-style attacks, with real-world examples from investigations.","Watch On-demand",{"sys":35314,"__typename":1740,"content":35315,"name":35335,"title":59},{"id":27616},{"json":35316},{"data":35317,"content":35318,"nodeType":856},{},[35319],{"data":35320,"content":35321,"nodeType":860},{},[35322,35326,35331],{"data":35323,"marks":35324,"value":35325,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Of the ClickFix pages intercepted by Push where the delivery vector was observed, ",{"data":35327,"marks":35328,"value":35330,"nodeType":864},{},[35329],{"type":899},"4 in 5 were accessed via Google Search.",{"data":35332,"marks":35333,"value":35334,"nodeType":864},{},[]," While other examples may have been stopped by controls such as email before the page could be loaded by the user, this shows a significant monitoring gap when it comes to non-email delivery vectors.","ClickFix blog insight box 2",{"sys":35337,"__typename":1724,"title":35338,"caption":35338,"layoutMode":59,"file":35339},{"id":27641},"Like other modern phishing attacks, ClickFix lures are distributed all over the internet — not just email.",{"url":35340,"width":35341,"height":35342},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/4l0xLRs8Z1w3aXMbzzyFPL/9cb4721c53379da31a4019371072a7ef/image1.png",1696,986,{"sys":35344,"__typename":1740,"content":35345,"name":35356,"title":59},{"id":27673},{"json":35346},{"data":35347,"content":35348,"nodeType":856},{},[35349],{"data":35350,"content":35351,"nodeType":860},{},[35352],{"data":35353,"marks":35354,"value":35355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Although there are ways to block web pages from performing copy to clipboard via device settings or group policy, the practical reality of ClickFix means that these methods are not effective. Because ClickFix is a user gesture initiated paste event (some form of user interaction such as a button press is required on the page before loading the ClickFix lure) it cannot be blocked from the host.","ClickFix insight box 1",{"sys":35358,"__typename":1724,"title":35359,"caption":35359,"layoutMode":59,"file":35360},{"id":27751},"The current hybrid attack path sees the attacker deliver lures in the browser, to compromise the endpoint, to get access to creds and cookies stored in the browser. What if you could skip the endpoint altogether? ",{"url":35361,"width":35362,"height":35363},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7kIZUmQkiHKKX0kjZQYfia/a7957baa43f54fe407779e845240e27e/image2.png",1970,816,{"sys":35365,"__typename":11979,"title":35366,"arcadeDemoUrl":35367,"playText":11982},{"id":20847},"ClickFix Feature Release","https://demo.arcade.software/qhzGMAx2q3b6IRlHqBsB?embed",{"items":35369},[],{},"Analyzing sophisticated ClickFix lures seen in the wild",{"items":35373},[35374,35940,36574],{"__typename":2059,"sys":35375,"content":35377,"title":35926,"synopsis":35927,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":35928,"slug":35929,"tagsCollection":35930,"authorsCollection":35936},{"id":35376},"4wtqKNN8D4tvbICAQ17L1Z",{"json":35378},{"data":35379,"content":35380,"nodeType":856},{},[35381,35389,35396,35403,35410,35416,35419,35427,35434,35441,35457,35499,35505,35512,35528,35535,35541,35544,35552,35559,35575,35595,35613,35633,35640,35643,35651,35669,35700,35705,35710,35713,35721,35739,35759,35766,35785,35791,35797,35800,35808,35815,35822,35854,35861,35864,35872,35879,35886,35893,35900],{"data":35382,"content":35383,"nodeType":1009},{},[35384],{"data":35385,"marks":35386,"value":35388,"nodeType":864},{},[35387],{"type":899},"Phishing has moved outside of the mailbox",{"data":35390,"content":35391,"nodeType":860},{},[35392],{"data":35393,"marks":35394,"value":35395,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because of the changes to working practices, employees are more accessible than ever to external attackers. Once upon a time, email was the primary communication channel with the wider world, and work happened locally — on your device, and inside your locked-down network environment. This made email and the endpoint the highest priority from a security perspective. ",{"data":35397,"content":35398,"nodeType":860},{},[35399],{"data":35400,"marks":35401,"value":35402,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But now, with modern work happening across a network of decentralized internet apps, and more varied communication channels outside of email, it’s harder to stop users from interacting with malicious content.",{"data":35404,"content":35405,"nodeType":860},{},[35406],{"data":35407,"marks":35408,"value":35409,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers can deliver links over instant messenger apps, social media, SMS, malicious ads, and using in-app messenger functionality, as well as sending emails directly from SaaS services to bypass email-based checks. Likewise, there are now hundreds of apps per enterprise to target, with varying levels of account security configuration.",{"data":35411,"content":35415,"nodeType":996},{"target":35412},{"sys":35413},{"id":35414,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1tDciIJqKnNoR4FqZChjTy",[],{"data":35417,"content":35418,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":35420,"content":35421,"nodeType":1009},{},[35422],{"data":35423,"marks":35424,"value":35426,"nodeType":864},{},[35425],{"type":899},"Why am I not hearing about this more? ",{"data":35428,"content":35429,"nodeType":860},{},[35430],{"data":35431,"marks":35432,"value":35433,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing attacks outside of email usually go unreported. This is to be expected when most of the industry’s data on phishing attacks comes from email security vendors and tools. ",{"data":35435,"content":35436,"nodeType":860},{},[35437],{"data":35438,"marks":35439,"value":35440,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If phishing bypasses the email layer, most organizations are left relying on user reported attacks. Some organizations might supplement this with a web proxy, but these are being increasingly defeated by modern phishing kits, which use an array of obfuscation and detection evasion techniques to bypass these detections. ",{"data":35442,"content":35443,"nodeType":860},{},[35444,35448,35453],{"data":35445,"marks":35446,"value":35447,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most valuable information for security teams today is the webpage that is loaded ",{"data":35449,"marks":35450,"value":35452,"nodeType":864},{},[35451],{"type":2246},"through",{"data":35454,"marks":35455,"value":35456,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the network traffic: What does the HTML body look like? What is the user likely seeing on the page? To do this, you need to stitch together and reconstruct what the browser is doing by looking at the network data. Except for very simple websites, this happens through JavaScript on the client side. ",{"data":35458,"content":35459,"nodeType":860},{},[35460,35464,35473,35476,35483,35486,35495],{"data":35461,"marks":35462,"value":35463,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is hard enough when analysing a typical SaaS app. But the latest generation of fully customized Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing kits are going out of their way to make this as challenging as possible, using techniques like ",{"data":35465,"content":35467,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35466},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/dom-obfuscation/",[35468],{"data":35469,"marks":35470,"value":35472,"nodeType":864},{},[35471],{"type":1455},"DOM obfuscation",{"data":35474,"marks":35475,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":35477,"content":35478,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29413},[35479],{"data":35480,"marks":35481,"value":33534,"nodeType":864},{},[35482],{"type":1455},{"data":35484,"marks":35485,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":35487,"content":35489,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35488},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/code-obfuscation/",[35490],{"data":35491,"marks":35492,"value":35494,"nodeType":864},{},[35493],{"type":1455},"Code obfuscation",{"data":35496,"marks":35497,"value":35498,"nodeType":864},{},[]," so all you see at a network layer is a garbled, obfuscated mess of JS code.",{"data":35500,"content":35504,"nodeType":996},{"target":35501},{"sys":35502},{"id":35503,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"71QsaPju68i5QiJcgQlHDs",[],{"data":35506,"content":35507,"nodeType":860},{},[35508],{"data":35509,"marks":35510,"value":35511,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, non-email phishing is going broadly undetected through technical controls. And even when spotted and reported by a user — what can you really do about it?",{"data":35513,"content":35514,"nodeType":860},{},[35515,35519,35524],{"data":35516,"marks":35517,"value":35518,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Take a social media phish. You can’t see which other accounts were targeted or hit in your user base. Unlike email, there’s no way to recall or quarantine the same message hitting multiple users. There’s no rule you can modify, or senders you can block. You can report the account, and ",{"data":35520,"marks":35521,"value":35523,"nodeType":864},{},[35522],{"type":2246},"maybe",{"data":35525,"marks":35526,"value":35527,"nodeType":864},{},[]," something will happen when the site owner gets around to it — but the attacker has probably got what they needed by then and moved on. ",{"data":35529,"content":35530,"nodeType":860},{},[35531],{"data":35532,"marks":35533,"value":35534,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most organizations simply block the URLs involved. But this doesn’t really help when attackers are rapidly rotating their phishing domains — by the time you block one site, another three have already taken its place. ",{"data":35536,"content":35540,"nodeType":996},{"target":35537},{"sys":35538},{"id":35539,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1II2kHyOZcShLsexx1TAgy",[],{"data":35542,"content":35543,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":35545,"content":35546,"nodeType":1009},{},[35547],{"data":35548,"marks":35549,"value":35551,"nodeType":864},{},[35550],{"type":899},"But aren’t these just personal accounts?",{"data":35553,"content":35554,"nodeType":860},{},[35555],{"data":35556,"marks":35557,"value":35558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern phishing attacks blur the boundary between corporate and personal. The fact is that your employees are routinely accessing personal messaging and social media apps on their corporate devices. Users are signed into apps like LinkedIn, X, WhatsApp, Signal, even message boards like Reddit on their work laptop and/or mobile devices. And with malicious links being found on search engines (aka. malvertising), they can even stumble upon them while browsing the web normally.",{"data":35560,"content":35561,"nodeType":860},{},[35562,35566,35571],{"data":35563,"marks":35564,"value":35565,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In short: anywhere that your users can be contacted by someone outside of your organization presents an opportunity for phishing. In fact, in most of these cases people ",{"data":35567,"marks":35568,"value":35570,"nodeType":864},{},[35569],{"type":899},"expect ",{"data":35572,"marks":35573,"value":35574,"nodeType":864},{},[],"to be contacted by people they don’t know. ",{"data":35576,"content":35577,"nodeType":860},{},[35578,35582,35591],{"data":35579,"marks":35580,"value":35581,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s also a myth that campaigns can’t be targeted in the same way on these platforms, that they’re somehow more random and therefore less dangerous. For example, social media accounts are some of the easiest for attackers to create en masse — or take over. According to the most recent ",{"data":35583,"content":35585,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35584},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/T149/reports/2025-dbir-data-breach-investigations-report.pdf",[35586],{"data":35587,"marks":35588,"value":35590,"nodeType":864},{},[35589],{"type":1455},"Verizon DBIR",{"data":35592,"marks":35593,"value":35594,"nodeType":864},{},[],", 60%+ of creds found in infostealer logs were from social media sites. They’re also likely to use single-factor logins. If an attacker can take over one account, and use it to credibly communicate with one of your employees, they have a way higher likelihood of being successful than with your average unsolicited email. ",{"data":35596,"content":35597,"nodeType":860},{},[35598,35602,35609],{"data":35599,"marks":35600,"value":35601,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malicious ads can also be targeted. For example, Google Ads can be targeted to searches coming from specific geographic locations, tailored to specific email domain matches, or specific device types (e.g. desktop, mobile, etc.). If you know where your target organization is located, you can tailor the ad to that location. Phishing sites also often come with ",{"data":35603,"content":35604,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23365},[35605],{"data":35606,"marks":35607,"value":23371,"nodeType":864},{},[35608],{"type":1455},{"data":35610,"marks":35611,"value":35612,"nodeType":864},{},[]," parameters to only deliver the malicious payload under specific conditions — for example, only if the visitor came from a particular email campaign link, or only if they are in a certain organization, using a certain browser, from a specific IP range, etc. ",{"data":35614,"content":35615,"nodeType":860},{},[35616,35620,35629],{"data":35617,"marks":35618,"value":35619,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And even if the attacker only manages to reach your employee on their personal device, this can still be laundered into a corporate account compromise. Just look at the ",{"data":35621,"content":35623,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35622},"https://sec.okta.com/articles/2023/11/unauthorized-access-oktas-support-case-management-system-root-cause",[35624],{"data":35625,"marks":35626,"value":35628,"nodeType":864},{},[35627],{"type":1455},"2023 Okta breach",{"data":35630,"marks":35631,"value":35632,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where an attacker exploited the fact that an Okta employee had signed into a personal Google profile on their work device. This meant any credentials saved in their browser were synced to their personal device — including a customer support system service account providing access to 134 customer tenants. When their personal device got hacked, so too did all of their work credentials.",{"data":35634,"content":35635,"nodeType":860},{},[35636],{"data":35637,"marks":35638,"value":35639,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, there’s plenty of scope for non-email phishing to result in targeted phishing campaigns. If anything, it’s arguably less work for the attacker to spin up these non-email campaigns than it is to do the necessary legwork to create and build up email sender reputation!",{"data":35641,"content":35642,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":35644,"content":35645,"nodeType":1009},{},[35646],{"data":35647,"marks":35648,"value":35650,"nodeType":864},{},[35649],{"type":899},"Case study: LinkedIn spear-phishing",{"data":35652,"content":35653,"nodeType":860},{},[35654,35657,35665],{"data":35655,"marks":35656,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":35658,"content":35659,"nodeType":883},{"uri":17528},[35660],{"data":35661,"marks":35662,"value":35664,"nodeType":864},{},[35663],{"type":1455},"Attackers recently ran a LinkedIn spear-phishing campaign targeting tech company execs.",{"data":35666,"marks":35667,"value":35668,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The victims were targeted via LinkedIn direct message from another exec about a fake investment opportunity. The sender’s account had been compromised and used to approach high-value targets. ",{"data":35670,"content":35671,"nodeType":860},{},[35672,35676,35684,35688,35696],{"data":35673,"marks":35674,"value":35675,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack led the victim through a chain of custom pages hosted on ",{"data":35677,"content":35678,"nodeType":883},{"uri":33485},[35679],{"data":35680,"marks":35681,"value":35683,"nodeType":864},{},[35682],{"type":1455},"legitimate sites",{"data":35685,"marks":35686,"value":35687,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (a well-known ",{"data":35689,"content":35691,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35690},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/phishing-evolution?",[35692],{"data":35693,"marks":35694,"value":8246,"nodeType":864},{},[35695],{"type":1455},{"data":35697,"marks":35698,"value":35699,"nodeType":864},{},[],") such as Google Sites, Google Search, and Microsoft Dynamics, before serving up an Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing page impersonating Google Workspace, before serving up a session-stealing AitM phishing page. ",{"data":35701,"content":35704,"nodeType":996},{"target":35702},{"sys":35703},{"id":34269,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":35706,"content":35709,"nodeType":996},{"target":35707},{"sys":35708},{"id":34324,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":35711,"content":35712,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":35714,"content":35715,"nodeType":1009},{},[35716],{"data":35717,"marks":35718,"value":35720,"nodeType":864},{},[35719],{"type":899},"Case study: Google Search malvertising",{"data":35722,"content":35723,"nodeType":860},{},[35724,35727,35735],{"data":35725,"marks":35726,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":35728,"content":35729,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24421},[35730],{"data":35731,"marks":35732,"value":35734,"nodeType":864},{},[35733],{"type":1455},"A company was hit with a targeted Google ad",{"data":35736,"marks":35737,"value":35738,"nodeType":864},{},[]," which was designed to look highly convincing, and positioned above the legitimate ad. This took advantage of the fact that many users will search for login pages rather than accessing the site via bookmark. ",{"data":35740,"content":35741,"nodeType":860},{},[35742,35746,35755],{"data":35743,"marks":35744,"value":35745,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, the attacker had made use of a ",{"data":35747,"content":35749,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35748},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/rentable-subdomains/",[35750],{"data":35751,"marks":35752,"value":35754,"nodeType":864},{},[35753],{"type":1455},"rentable subdomain",{"data":35756,"marks":35757,"value":35758,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (us[.]com) to make the link appear highly legitimate, with only small changes to the real URL that were easy to miss. ",{"data":35760,"content":35761,"nodeType":860},{},[35762],{"data":35763,"marks":35764,"value":35765,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of the real login, the link took the victim to a session-stealing AITM page.  ",{"data":35767,"content":35768,"nodeType":860},{},[35769,35773,35781],{"data":35770,"marks":35771,"value":35772,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This was later traced back to a ",{"data":35774,"content":35776,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35775},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/scattered-spider-ttp-evolution-in-2025/",[35777],{"data":35778,"marks":35779,"value":21339,"nodeType":864},{},[35780],{"type":1455},{"data":35782,"marks":35783,"value":35784,"nodeType":864},{},[]," campaign.",{"data":35786,"content":35790,"nodeType":996},{"target":35787},{"sys":35788},{"id":35789,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5o1LEkZfeYVjMZmROi3Yh",[],{"data":35792,"content":35796,"nodeType":996},{"target":35793},{"sys":35794},{"id":35795,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4RAXFNPdvUXjMDUE7tc10a",[],{"data":35798,"content":35799,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":35801,"content":35802,"nodeType":1009},{},[35803],{"data":35804,"marks":35805,"value":35807,"nodeType":864},{},[35806],{"type":899},"What can an attacker do with a compromised account? ",{"data":35809,"content":35810,"nodeType":860},{},[35811],{"data":35812,"marks":35813,"value":35814,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s important to think about the bigger picture when it comes to a modern phishing compromise. ",{"data":35816,"content":35817,"nodeType":860},{},[35818],{"data":35819,"marks":35820,"value":35821,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most phishing attacks focus on core enterprise cloud platforms such as Microsoft and Google, or specialist Identity Providers like Okta. Taking over one of these accounts doesn’t just give access to the core apps and data within the respective app, but also enables the attacker to leverage SSO to sign into any connected app that the employee logs into with their account. ",{"data":35823,"content":35824,"nodeType":860},{},[35825,35829,35837,35841,35850],{"data":35826,"marks":35827,"value":35828,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This gives an attacker access to just about every core business function and dataset in your organization. And from this point, it’s much easier to target other users of these internal apps — using internal messenger apps like ",{"data":35830,"content":35831,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31554},[35832],{"data":35833,"marks":35834,"value":35836,"nodeType":864},{},[35835],{"type":1455},"Slack or Teams",{"data":35838,"marks":35839,"value":35840,"nodeType":864},{},[],", or techniques like ",{"data":35842,"content":35844,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35843},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/samljacking/description.md",[35845],{"data":35846,"marks":35847,"value":35849,"nodeType":864},{},[35848],{"type":1455},"SAMLjacking",{"data":35851,"marks":35852,"value":35853,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to turn an app into a watering hole for other users trying to log in. ",{"data":35855,"content":35856,"nodeType":860},{},[35857],{"data":35858,"marks":35859,"value":35860,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A single account compromise can quickly snowball into a multi-million dollar, business-wide breach.",{"data":35862,"content":35863,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":35865,"content":35866,"nodeType":1009},{},[35867],{"data":35868,"marks":35869,"value":35871,"nodeType":864},{},[35870],{"type":899},"What can organizations do about non-email phishing? ",{"data":35873,"content":35874,"nodeType":860},{},[35875],{"data":35876,"marks":35877,"value":35878,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s clear that the traditional anti-phishing toolset hasn’t kept up with phishing innovation. ",{"data":35880,"content":35881,"nodeType":860},{},[35882],{"data":35883,"marks":35884,"value":35885,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To tackle modern phishing attacks, organizations need a solution that detects and blocks phishing across all apps and delivery vectors. ",{"data":35887,"content":35888,"nodeType":860},{},[35889],{"data":35890,"marks":35891,"value":35892,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security doesn’t detect the redirect tricks, or rely on outdated domain TI feeds. It doesn’t matter what delivery channel or camouflage methods are used, Push detects and blocks attacks by identifying the attack in real time, as the user loads and interacts with the page in their web browser.",{"data":35894,"content":35895,"nodeType":860},{},[35896],{"data":35897,"marks":35898,"value":35899,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, ClickFixing, malicious browser extensions, and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. ",{"data":35901,"content":35902,"nodeType":860},{},[35903,35906,35913,35916,35923],{"data":35904,"marks":35905,"value":23191,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":35907,"content":35908,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[35909],{"data":35910,"marks":35911,"value":23199,"nodeType":864},{},[35912],{"type":1455},{"data":35914,"marks":35915,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":35917,"content":35918,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[35919],{"data":35920,"marks":35921,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[35922],{"type":1455},{"data":35924,"marks":35925,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why attackers are moving beyond email-based phishing","Why phishing attacks are moving away from exclusively email-based delivery, and what this means for security teams. \n","2025-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","why-attackers-are-moving-beyond-email-based-phishing",{"items":35931},[35932,35934],{"sys":35933,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":35935,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":35937},[35938],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":35939},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":35941,"content":35943,"title":36560,"synopsis":36561,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":36562,"slug":36563,"tagsCollection":36564,"authorsCollection":36570},{"id":35942},"1u8RJxC00HbBhCBVxcDnkK",{"json":35944},{"data":35945,"content":35946,"nodeType":856},{},[35947,35990,36047,36062,36067,36074,36077,36085,36092,36099,36106,36126,36133,36139,36157,36163,36166,36174,36181,36189,36208,36215,36222,36229,36237,36244,36251,36257,36264,36297,36303,36311,36330,36337,36360,36367,36374,36380,36387,36390,36398,36412,36432,36439,36446,36453,36458,36466,36485,36488,36495,36502,36509,36516,36523,36549,36554],{"data":35948,"content":35949,"nodeType":860},{},[35950,35954,35962,35966,35974,35978,35986],{"data":35951,"marks":35952,"value":35953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the biggest security trends in the past year has been the emergence of the attack technique known as ",{"data":35955,"content":35957,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35956},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/08/21/think-before-you-clickfix-analyzing-the-clickfix-social-engineering-technique/",[35958],{"data":35959,"marks":35960,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[35961],{"type":1455},{"data":35963,"marks":35964,"value":35965,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Various reports indicate that ClickFix is fast becoming one of the most prevalent attack techniques this year, with ",{"data":35967,"content":35968,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20723},[35969],{"data":35970,"marks":35971,"value":35973,"nodeType":864},{},[35972],{"type":1455},"one study",{"data":35975,"marks":35976,"value":35977,"nodeType":864},{},[]," reporting that email-based ClickFix attacks have increased by 400% YOY, and ",{"data":35979,"content":35980,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20735},[35981],{"data":35982,"marks":35983,"value":35985,"nodeType":864},{},[35984],{"type":1455},"another",{"data":35987,"marks":35988,"value":35989,"nodeType":864},{},[]," highlighting a 517% increase in the past 6 months. ",{"data":35991,"content":35992,"nodeType":860},{},[35993,35997,36006,36009,36018,36021,36030,36034,36043],{"data":35994,"marks":35995,"value":35996,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix is known to be regularly used by the Interlock ransomware group and other prolific threat actors. A number of recent public data breaches have been linked to ClickFix attacks as the attack vector, such as ",{"data":35998,"content":36000,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35999},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/kettering-health-confirms-interlock-ransomware-behind-cyberattack/",[36001],{"data":36002,"marks":36003,"value":36005,"nodeType":864},{},[36004],{"type":1455},"Kettering Health",{"data":36007,"marks":36008,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36010,"content":36012,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36011},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/interlock-ransomware-claims-davita-attack-leaks-stolen-data/",[36013],{"data":36014,"marks":36015,"value":36017,"nodeType":864},{},[36016],{"type":1455},"DaVita",{"data":36019,"marks":36020,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36022,"content":36024,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36023},"https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/st-paul-mayor-interlock-data-leak/",[36025],{"data":36026,"marks":36027,"value":36029,"nodeType":864},{},[36028],{"type":1455},"City of St. Paul, Minnesota",{"data":36031,"marks":36032,"value":36033,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the ",{"data":36035,"content":36037,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36036},"https://www.blackfog.com/texas-tech-cyberattack-1-4m-records-compromised/",[36038],{"data":36039,"marks":36040,"value":36042,"nodeType":864},{},[36041],{"type":1455},"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centers",{"data":36044,"marks":36045,"value":36046,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (with many more breaches likely to involve ClickFix where the attack vector wasn’t known or disclosed).",{"data":36048,"content":36049,"nodeType":860},{},[36050,36054,36058],{"data":36051,"marks":36052,"value":36053,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s latest feature, ",{"data":36055,"marks":36056,"value":27925,"nodeType":864},{},[36057],{"type":899},{"data":36059,"marks":36060,"value":36061,"nodeType":864},{},[],", tackles ClickFix-style attacks at the earliest opportunity through browser-based detection, with a universally effective control that works regardless of the lure delivery channel, or page style and structure. ",{"data":36063,"content":36066,"nodeType":996},{"target":36064},{"sys":36065},{"id":20847,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":36068,"content":36069,"nodeType":860},{},[36070],{"data":36071,"marks":36072,"value":36073,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we get into the specifics of the feature, let’s take a look at what ClickFix is and why it poses a detection and response challenge to security teams.",{"data":36075,"content":36076,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":36078,"content":36079,"nodeType":1009},{},[36080],{"data":36081,"marks":36082,"value":36084,"nodeType":864},{},[36083],{"type":899},"ClickFix 101",{"data":36086,"content":36087,"nodeType":860},{},[36088],{"data":36089,"marks":36090,"value":36091,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix attacks prompt the user to solve some kind of problem or challenge in the browser — most commonly a CAPTCHA, but also things like fixing an error on a webpage. The name is a little misleading though — the key factor in the attack is that they trick users into running malicious commands on their device by copying malicious code from the page clipboard and running it locally. (For simplicity we’ll keep calling it ClickFix, but we’re not happy about it.)",{"data":36093,"content":36094,"nodeType":860},{},[36095],{"data":36096,"marks":36097,"value":36098,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The copy action is either performed manually by the user, or automatically by the page. Manual copies typically include additional social engineering to lure the victim into hitting CTRL+C, while automatic copies are performed using JavaScript running on the page. Most ClickFix pages we've seen are automatic copies, which makes sense — fewer steps means the user is more likely to follow the instruction.",{"data":36100,"content":36101,"nodeType":860},{},[36102],{"data":36103,"marks":36104,"value":36105,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most commonly, these attacks are used to deliver remote access software or infostealer malware using stolen session cookies and credentials to facilitate attacks on business apps and services. From there, the attacker simply dumps the data and holds the victim to ransom for its deletion — often dropping ransomware afterwards for double the extortion. ",{"data":36107,"content":36108,"nodeType":860},{},[36109,36113,36122],{"data":36110,"marks":36111,"value":36112,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack gives the victim instructions that involve clicking prompts and copying, pasting, and running commands directly in the Windows Run dialog box, Terminal, or PowerShell in order to “fix” the fake problem that they’re experiencing. Variants such as ",{"data":36114,"content":36116,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36115},"https://mrd0x.com/filefix-clickfix-alternative/",[36117],{"data":36118,"marks":36119,"value":36121,"nodeType":864},{},[36120],{"type":1455},"FileFix",{"data":36123,"marks":36124,"value":36125,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have also emerged which instead use the File Explorer Address Bar to execute OS commands.",{"data":36127,"content":36128,"nodeType":860},{},[36129],{"data":36130,"marks":36131,"value":36132,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Links to malicious ClickFix pages are distributed over various delivery channels, with attacks shifting from traditional email-based delivery to social media, instant messaging apps, malicious ads in places like Google Search, and using in-app notifications and messages across numerous SaaS services. ",{"data":36134,"content":36138,"nodeType":996},{"target":36135},{"sys":36136},{"id":36137,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1I9ERDY2tuspw5zVMV5DbY",[],{"data":36140,"content":36141,"nodeType":860},{},[36142,36146,36153],{"data":36143,"marks":36144,"value":36145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ClickFix comes in a variety of lures, including impersonating CAPTCHA, Cloudflare Turnstile, simulating an error loading a webpage, and many more. They have also been observed targeting a ",{"data":36147,"content":36148,"nodeType":883},{"uri":27702},[36149],{"data":36150,"marks":36151,"value":36152,"nodeType":864},{},[],"wide range of services",{"data":36154,"marks":36155,"value":36156,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to execute code. ",{"data":36158,"content":36162,"nodeType":996},{"target":36159},{"sys":36160},{"id":36161,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1SG52ta1hcBZ3gYDsSJvsm",[],{"data":36164,"content":36165,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":36167,"content":36168,"nodeType":1009},{},[36169],{"data":36170,"marks":36171,"value":36173,"nodeType":864},{},[36172],{"type":899},"Why are ClickFix attacks so effective?",{"data":36175,"content":36176,"nodeType":860},{},[36177],{"data":36178,"marks":36179,"value":36180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To understand the effectiveness of ClickFix-style attacks, we need to look more closely at the mechanisms that security teams have at their disposal to counter these attacks. ",{"data":36182,"content":36183,"nodeType":1312},{},[36184],{"data":36185,"marks":36186,"value":36188,"nodeType":864},{},[36187],{"type":899},"Detection challenges during delivery",{"data":36190,"content":36191,"nodeType":860},{},[36192,36196,36204],{"data":36193,"marks":36194,"value":36195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve written extensively about ",{"data":36197,"content":36198,"nodeType":883},{"uri":21984},[36199],{"data":36200,"marks":36201,"value":36203,"nodeType":864},{},[36202],{"type":1455},"the evolution in phishing techniques and tooling",{"data":36205,"marks":36206,"value":36207,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and what this means for the reliability of traditional detections at the network and endpoint layer. ",{"data":36209,"content":36210,"nodeType":860},{},[36211],{"data":36212,"marks":36213,"value":36214,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The latest generation of phishing pages are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection (e.g. CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using runtime anti-analysis features, and using legitimate SaaS and cloud services to host and deliver phishing links to cover their tracks.",{"data":36216,"content":36217,"nodeType":860},{},[36218],{"data":36219,"marks":36220,"value":36221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means that traditional anti-phishing tools at the email and network layer are struggling to keep up, with many attacks evading email-based detections (or bypassing email altogether). At the same time, proxy-based solutions now see a garbled mess of JavaScript code without the necessary context of what is actually happening in the browser to be able to piece it together effectively. Even if they don’t realize it, this means many organizations are now relying solely on blocking known-bad sites and hosts — a wildly ineffective solution in 2025 with the rate that attackers refresh and rotate their phishing infrastructure. ",{"data":36223,"content":36224,"nodeType":860},{},[36225],{"data":36226,"marks":36227,"value":36228,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In addition to the fact that ClickFix page styles and content can vary significantly, this means that detecting ClickFix delivery using traditional tooling is highly unreliable. ",{"data":36230,"content":36231,"nodeType":1312},{},[36232],{"data":36233,"marks":36234,"value":36236,"nodeType":864},{},[36235],{"type":899},"Detection challenges during execution",{"data":36238,"content":36239,"nodeType":860},{},[36240],{"data":36241,"marks":36242,"value":36243,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most of the detection heavy lifting is being done at the endpoint, looking for user-level code execution and malware running on a device. ",{"data":36245,"content":36246,"nodeType":860},{},[36247],{"data":36248,"marks":36249,"value":36250,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, the number of ClickFix-related headlines in the news would indicate that endpoint controls are being routinely bypassed, or perhaps evaded altogether by targeting personal or BYOD devices. ",{"data":36252,"content":36256,"nodeType":996},{"target":36253},{"sys":36254},{"id":36255,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"pocty4OhER5EXr8BDwdzo",[],{"data":36258,"content":36259,"nodeType":860},{},[36260],{"data":36261,"marks":36262,"value":36263,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are a number of reasons that endpoint-level ClickFix detections can be bypassed:",{"data":36265,"content":36266,"nodeType":941},{},[36267,36277,36287],{"data":36268,"content":36269,"nodeType":945},{},[36270],{"data":36271,"content":36272,"nodeType":860},{},[36273],{"data":36274,"marks":36275,"value":36276,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The step of downloading a file from the web is bypassed altogether. In a ClickFix/FileFix attack, the initial “dropper” is essentially a command string provided by the attacker and executed by legitimate system utilities. There is often no new executable file written to disk when the user runs the command. The final payload may be loaded directly into memory or injected into trusted programs (using living-off-the-land techniques). Without a file to quarantine, there's no \"Mark of the Web\" to make it appear suspicious. ",{"data":36278,"content":36279,"nodeType":945},{},[36280],{"data":36281,"content":36282,"nodeType":860},{},[36283],{"data":36284,"marks":36285,"value":36286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From the EDR’s point of view, a trusted parent process is launching a script – which might not immediately be judged as malicious, especially if the command is obfuscated or uses allowed system functions. Since the action is initiated by the user, it blends in with normal user-driven administration tasks. ",{"data":36288,"content":36289,"nodeType":945},{},[36290],{"data":36291,"content":36292,"nodeType":860},{},[36293],{"data":36294,"marks":36295,"value":36296,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The PowerShell commands themselves might be obfuscated or broken into stages to avoid easy detection by heuristic rules. EDR telemetry might record that a PowerShell process ran, but without a known bad signature or a clear policy violation, it may not flag it immediately. ",{"data":36298,"content":36302,"nodeType":996},{"target":36299},{"sys":36300},{"id":36301,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6djGsqBFTHlLLITpTK7IMk",[],{"data":36304,"content":36305,"nodeType":1312},{},[36306],{"data":36307,"marks":36308,"value":36310,"nodeType":864},{},[36309],{"type":899},"Accessing ClickFix-style capabilities is easier than ever",{"data":36312,"content":36313,"nodeType":860},{},[36314,36318,36326],{"data":36315,"marks":36316,"value":36317,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This capability is increasingly available to all levels of threat actor, with ",{"data":36319,"content":36320,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35956},[36321],{"data":36322,"marks":36323,"value":36325,"nodeType":864},{},[36324],{"type":1455},"off-the-shelf options available",{"data":36327,"marks":36328,"value":36329,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in the form of ClickFix builders (also called “Win + R”) on popular hacker forums since late 2024. ",{"data":36331,"content":36332,"nodeType":860},{},[36333],{"data":36334,"marks":36335,"value":36336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are bundling ClickFix builders into their existing kits to:",{"data":36338,"content":36339,"nodeType":941},{},[36340,36350],{"data":36341,"content":36342,"nodeType":945},{},[36343],{"data":36344,"content":36345,"nodeType":860},{},[36346],{"data":36347,"marks":36348,"value":36349,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use pre-canned landing pages with various lures including Cloudflare. ",{"data":36351,"content":36352,"nodeType":945},{},[36353],{"data":36354,"content":36355,"nodeType":860},{},[36356],{"data":36357,"marks":36358,"value":36359,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Offer construction of malicious commands that users will paste into the Windows Run dialog. ",{"data":36361,"content":36362,"nodeType":860},{},[36363],{"data":36364,"marks":36365,"value":36366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These kits claim to guarantee antivirus and web protection bypass (some even promise that they can bypass Microsoft Defender SmartScreen), as well as payload persistence. The cost of subscription to such a service might be between US$200 to US$1,500 per month. ",{"data":36368,"content":36369,"nodeType":860},{},[36370],{"data":36371,"marks":36372,"value":36373,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In short, these capabilities are increasingly accessible to the general population of hackers, and it is increasingly in the interests of malware developers to offer premium hacker tools designed to bypass current detections. ",{"data":36375,"content":36379,"nodeType":996},{"target":36376},{"sys":36377},{"id":36378,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5hkRsOBZCOABAShCo8RjJg",[],{"data":36381,"content":36382,"nodeType":860},{},[36383],{"data":36384,"marks":36385,"value":36386,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In any case, relying on just-in-time detection at the point of execution is increasingly unreliable and will always be at the mercy of the cat-and-mouse game between attackers and defenders. Organizations employing custom detections looking for specific malware behavior are likely to have better success than those relying on out-of-the-box EDR configs, but this requires continual maintenance to be effective. ",{"data":36388,"content":36389,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":36391,"content":36392,"nodeType":1009},{},[36393],{"data":36394,"marks":36395,"value":36397,"nodeType":864},{},[36396],{"type":899},"Solving ClickFix detection in the browser with Push",{"data":36399,"content":36400,"nodeType":860},{},[36401,36404,36408],{"data":36402,"marks":36403,"value":36053,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36405,"marks":36406,"value":27925,"nodeType":864},{},[36407],{"type":899},{"data":36409,"marks":36410,"value":36411,"nodeType":864},{},[],", tackles ClickFix-style attacks at the earliest opportunity through browser-based detection and blocking, with a universally effective control that works regardless of the lure delivery channel, page style and structure, or the specifics of the malware type and execution.",{"data":36413,"content":36414,"nodeType":860},{},[36415,36419,36428],{"data":36416,"marks":36417,"value":36418,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A key part of our design philosophy is to find ways to universally detect attacker TTPs by analyzing generic attacker actions that can’t be avoided by the attacker. One of our best prior examples of this is with our ",{"data":36420,"content":36422,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-sso-password-protection/",[36423],{"data":36424,"marks":36425,"value":36427,"nodeType":864},{},[36426],{"type":1455},"password protection feature",{"data":36429,"marks":36430,"value":36431,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which detects and blocks phishing attacks by triggering when a user attempts to enter a password that belongs to one domain on a different domain. ",{"data":36433,"content":36434,"nodeType":860},{},[36435],{"data":36436,"marks":36437,"value":36438,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the case of ClickFix, every attack involves copying a malicious script from a page — a behavior the attacker can’t avoid.",{"data":36440,"content":36441,"nodeType":860},{},[36442],{"data":36443,"marks":36444,"value":36445,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unlike heavy-handed DLP solutions that block copy-paste altogether, Push protects your employees without disrupting their user experience or hampering productivity. ",{"data":36447,"content":36448,"nodeType":860},{},[36449],{"data":36450,"marks":36451,"value":36452,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Check out the video below to see Push in action. ",{"data":36454,"content":36457,"nodeType":996},{"target":36455},{"sys":36456},{"id":20847,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":36459,"content":36460,"nodeType":1312},{},[36461],{"data":36462,"marks":36463,"value":36465,"nodeType":864},{},[36464],{"type":899},"Enable ClickFix detection in just a few clicks",{"data":36467,"content":36468,"nodeType":860},{},[36469,36473,36481],{"data":36470,"marks":36471,"value":36472,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Check out the ",{"data":36474,"content":36476,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36475},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10141/#start",[36477],{"data":36478,"marks":36479,"value":36480,"nodeType":864},{},[],"help article",{"data":36482,"marks":36483,"value":36484,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for step-by-step instructions on how to enable the control. ",{"data":36486,"content":36487,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":36489,"content":36490,"nodeType":1009},{},[36491],{"data":36492,"marks":36493,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[36494],{"type":899},{"data":36496,"content":36497,"nodeType":860},{},[36498],{"data":36499,"marks":36500,"value":36501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push provides last mile protection against browser-based attacks, adding a net-new layer of technical protection in the browser. ",{"data":36503,"content":36504,"nodeType":860},{},[36505],{"data":36506,"marks":36507,"value":36508,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Right now, most organizations are left relying on user awareness. Faced with increasingly novel attack types, encountered all over the internet, users are being caught unawares — further reducing the efficacy of an already fragile control. ",{"data":36510,"content":36511,"nodeType":860},{},[36512],{"data":36513,"marks":36514,"value":36515,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By seeing what the user sees in the browser, as they see it, as well as monitoring for risky behaviors, Push provides a strong backstop against an ever-expanding landscape of browser-based exploits. ",{"data":36517,"content":36518,"nodeType":860},{},[36519],{"data":36520,"marks":36521,"value":36522,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, ClickFixing, malicious browser extensions, and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more to harden your identity attack surface.",{"data":36524,"content":36525,"nodeType":860},{},[36526,36529,36536,36539,36546],{"data":36527,"marks":36528,"value":23191,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36530,"content":36531,"nodeType":883},{"uri":19980},[36532],{"data":36533,"marks":36534,"value":23199,"nodeType":864},{},[36535],{"type":1455},{"data":36537,"marks":36538,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36540,"content":36541,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[36542],{"data":36543,"marks":36544,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[36545],{"type":1455},{"data":36547,"marks":36548,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36550,"content":36553,"nodeType":996},{"target":36551},{"sys":36552},{"id":36301,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":36555,"content":36556,"nodeType":860},{},[36557],{"data":36558,"marks":36559,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Introducing malicious copy and paste detection","Push now detects malware delivery in the browser, supporting a layered defense against endpoint attacks. ","2025-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-malicious-copy-paste-detection",{"items":36565},[36566,36568],{"sys":36567,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":36569,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":36571},[36572],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":36573},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":36575,"content":36577,"title":37216,"synopsis":37217,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":37218,"slug":37219,"tagsCollection":37220,"authorsCollection":37226},{"id":36576},"62Zyr35VUmijkpupWk3hoD",{"json":36578},{"data":36579,"content":36580,"nodeType":856},{},[36581,36597,36604,36607,36615,36622,36629,36649,36655,36662,36669,36676,36683,36686,36694,36701,36707,36714,36722,36729,36736,36742,36761,36767,36774,36780,36787,36792,36795,36803,36819,36826,36856,36863,36870,36876,36883,36890,36897,36900,36908,36924,36930,36937,36944,36950,36957,36964,36967,36975,36982,37002,37046,37053,37060,37067,37070,37078,37085,37092,37099,37102,37110,37117,37148,37168,37175,37178,37185,37192,37199],{"data":36582,"content":36583,"nodeType":860},{},[36584,36588,36593],{"data":36585,"marks":36586,"value":36587,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The view that \"the browser is the new endpoint\" and \"the new battleground for cyber attacks\" is becoming increasingly advocated by security leaders. But what does this ",{"data":36589,"marks":36590,"value":36592,"nodeType":864},{},[36591],{"type":2246},"actually",{"data":36594,"marks":36595,"value":36596,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mean for security teams? ",{"data":36598,"content":36599,"nodeType":860},{},[36600],{"data":36601,"marks":36602,"value":36603,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’re cutting out the jargon to explore what a browser-based attack is, and what’s required for effective detection and response. ",{"data":36605,"content":36606,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":36608,"content":36609,"nodeType":1009},{},[36610],{"data":36611,"marks":36612,"value":36614,"nodeType":864},{},[36613],{"type":899},"What is the goal of a browser-based attack?   ",{"data":36616,"content":36617,"nodeType":860},{},[36618],{"data":36619,"marks":36620,"value":36621,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, it’s important to establish what the point of a browser-based attack is.",{"data":36623,"content":36624,"nodeType":860},{},[36625],{"data":36626,"marks":36627,"value":36628,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In most scenarios, attackers don’t think of themselves as attacking your web browser. Their end-goal is to compromise your business apps and data. That means going after the third-party apps and services that are now the backbone of business IT — and therefore the top target for attackers. ",{"data":36630,"content":36631,"nodeType":860},{},[36632,36636,36645],{"data":36633,"marks":36634,"value":36635,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most common attack path today sees attackers log into third-party services, dump the data, and monetize it through extortion. You need only look at last year’s ",{"data":36637,"content":36639,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36638},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/snowflake-retro?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[36640],{"data":36641,"marks":36642,"value":36644,"nodeType":864},{},[36643],{"type":1455},"Snowflake",{"data":36646,"marks":36647,"value":36648,"nodeType":864},{},[]," customer breaches or the still-ongoing Salesforce attacks to see the impact.",{"data":36650,"content":36654,"nodeType":996},{"target":36651},{"sys":36652},{"id":36653,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5agrVXzEdwALmew2F5SPDp",[],{"data":36656,"content":36657,"nodeType":860},{},[36658],{"data":36659,"marks":36660,"value":36661,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most logical way to do this is by targeting users of those apps. And because of the changes to working practices, your users are more accessible than ever to external attackers.",{"data":36663,"content":36664,"nodeType":860},{},[36665],{"data":36666,"marks":36667,"value":36668,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once upon a time, email was the primary communication channel with the wider world, and work happened locally — on your device, and inside your locked-down network environment. This made email and the endpoint the highest priority from a security perspective. But now, with modern work happening across a network of decentralized internet apps, and more varied communication channels outside of email, it’s harder to stop users from interacting with malicious content (at least, without significantly impeding their ability to do their jobs).",{"data":36670,"content":36671,"nodeType":860},{},[36672],{"data":36673,"marks":36674,"value":36675,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Given that the browser is the place where business apps are accessed and used, it makes sense that attacks are increasingly playing out there too. ",{"data":36677,"content":36678,"nodeType":860},{},[36679],{"data":36680,"marks":36681,"value":36682,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With that covered off, let’s take a closer look at the most prevalent browser-based attack techniques being used by attackers in the wild today.",{"data":36684,"content":36685,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":36687,"content":36688,"nodeType":1009},{},[36689],{"data":36690,"marks":36691,"value":36693,"nodeType":864},{},[36692],{"type":899},"The 6 key browser-based attacks that security teams need to know about",{"data":36695,"content":36696,"nodeType":860},{},[36697],{"data":36698,"marks":36699,"value":36700,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attacks that target users in their web browsers have seen an unprecedented rise in recent years. ",{"data":36702,"content":36706,"nodeType":996},{"target":36703},{"sys":36704},{"id":36705,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ogNqZdObSIJXavHP44lom",[],{"data":36708,"content":36709,"nodeType":860},{},[36710],{"data":36711,"marks":36712,"value":36713,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here's our breakdown of the top 6 browser-based attacks that should be on every security team's radar right now. ",{"data":36715,"content":36716,"nodeType":1312},{},[36717],{"data":36718,"marks":36719,"value":36721,"nodeType":864},{},[36720],{"type":899},"1. Phishing for credentials and sessions",{"data":36723,"content":36724,"nodeType":860},{},[36725],{"data":36726,"marks":36727,"value":36728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most direct way for an attacker to compromise a business application is to phish a user of that app. You might not necessarily think of phishing as a browser-based attack, but that’s exactly what it is today. ",{"data":36730,"content":36731,"nodeType":860},{},[36732],{"data":36733,"marks":36734,"value":36735,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing tooling and infrastructure has evolved a lot in the past decade, while the changes to business IT means there are both many more vectors for phishing attack delivery, and apps and identities to target. Attackers can deliver links over instant messenger apps, social media, SMS, malicious ads, and using in-app messenger functionality, as well as sending emails directly from SaaS services to bypass email-based checks. Likewise, there are now hundreds of apps per enterprise to target, with varying levels of account security configuration. ",{"data":36737,"content":36741,"nodeType":996},{"target":36738},{"sys":36739},{"id":36740,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3SrKOgpedLMQRpKIZqUQur",[],{"data":36743,"content":36744,"nodeType":860},{},[36745,36749,36757],{"data":36746,"marks":36747,"value":36748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Whereas phishing was once entirely focused on credential theft, modern phishing attacks see the attacker intercept the victim’s session on the target app, using reverse-proxy Attacker-in-the-Middle kits that are the standard choice for attackers today. This means most forms of MFA can be bypassed, with the exception of passkeys (though attackers are finding ways to work around passkeys using ",{"data":36750,"content":36752,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36751},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/mfa-downgrade-attacks/?utm_source=bleeping-computer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_term=article",[36753],{"data":36754,"marks":36755,"value":29076,"nodeType":864},{},[36756],{"type":1455},{"data":36758,"marks":36759,"value":36760,"nodeType":864},{},[],"). ",{"data":36762,"content":36766,"nodeType":996},{"target":36763},{"sys":36764},{"id":36765,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2sOFEdAwQZjWOGzNAlGavb",[],{"data":36768,"content":36769,"nodeType":860},{},[36770],{"data":36771,"marks":36772,"value":36773,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are other key differences to be aware of too. Today, phishing operates on an industrial scale, using an array of obfuscation and detection evasion techniques. The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection (e.g. CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using runtime anti-analysis features, and using legitimate SaaS and cloud services to host and deliver phishing links to cover their tracks.",{"data":36775,"content":36776,"nodeType":860},{},[36777],{"data":36778,"marks":36779,"value":36221,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36781,"content":36782,"nodeType":860},{},[36783],{"data":36784,"marks":36785,"value":36786,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These changes make phishing more effective than ever, and increasingly difficult to detect and block without being able to observe and analyze web pages that a user interacts with in real time — something only possible with browser-level visibility. ",{"data":36788,"content":36791,"nodeType":996},{"target":36789},{"sys":36790},{"id":35539,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":36793,"content":36794,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":36796,"content":36797,"nodeType":1312},{},[36798],{"data":36799,"marks":36800,"value":36802,"nodeType":864},{},[36801],{"type":899},"2. Malicious copy and paste (aka. ClickFix, FileFix, etc.)",{"data":36804,"content":36805,"nodeType":860},{},[36806,36809,36816],{"data":36807,"marks":36808,"value":35953,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36810,"content":36811,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35956},[36812],{"data":36813,"marks":36814,"value":315,"nodeType":864},{},[36815],{"type":1455},{"data":36817,"marks":36818,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36820,"content":36821,"nodeType":860},{},[36822],{"data":36823,"marks":36824,"value":36825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Originally known as “Fake CAPTCHA”, these attacks attempt to trick users into running malicious commands on their device — typically by solving some form of verification challenge in the browser. ",{"data":36827,"content":36828,"nodeType":860},{},[36829,36833,36840,36844,36853],{"data":36830,"marks":36831,"value":36832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In reality, by solving the challenge, the victim is actually copying malicious code from the page clipboard and running it on their device. It typically gives the victim instructions that involve clicking prompts and copying, pasting, and running commands directly in the Windows Run dialog box, Terminal, or PowerShell. Variants such as ",{"data":36834,"content":36835,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36115},[36836],{"data":36837,"marks":36838,"value":36121,"nodeType":864},{},[36839],{"type":1455},{"data":36841,"marks":36842,"value":36843,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have also emerged which instead uses the File Explorer Address Bar to execute OS commands, while recent examples have seen this attack branch out to ",{"data":36845,"content":36847,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36846},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fake-mac-fixes-trick-users-into-installing-new-shamos-infostealer/",[36848],{"data":36849,"marks":36850,"value":36852,"nodeType":864},{},[36851],{"type":1455},"Mac via the macOS terminal",{"data":36854,"marks":36855,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36857,"content":36858,"nodeType":860},{},[36859],{"data":36860,"marks":36861,"value":36862,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most commonly, these attacks are used to deliver infostealer malware, using stolen session cookies and credentials to access business apps and services. ",{"data":36864,"content":36865,"nodeType":860},{},[36866],{"data":36867,"marks":36868,"value":36869,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Like modern credential and session phishing, links to malicious pages are distributed over various delivery channels and using a variety of lures, including impersonating CAPTCHA, Cloudflare Turnstile, simulating an error loading a webpage, and many more. ",{"data":36871,"content":36875,"nodeType":996},{"target":36872},{"sys":36873},{"id":36874,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6O9YiOfhpGFCDsTil9F3On",[],{"data":36877,"content":36878,"nodeType":860},{},[36879],{"data":36880,"marks":36881,"value":36882,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The variance in lure, and differences between different versions of the same lure, can make it difficult to fingerprint and detect based on visual elements alone. Also, many of the same protections being used to obfuscate and prevent analysis of phishing pages also apply to ClickFix pages, making it equally challenging to detect and block them. ",{"data":36884,"content":36885,"nodeType":860},{},[36886],{"data":36887,"marks":36888,"value":36889,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This leaves most of the detection and blocking down to endpoint-layer controls around user-level code execution and malware running on a device. The quantity of ClickFix-related headlines in the news would indicate that endpoint controls are being routinely bypassed, or perhaps evaded altogether by targeting personal or BYOD devices. ",{"data":36891,"content":36892,"nodeType":860},{},[36893],{"data":36894,"marks":36895,"value":36896,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There is a significant opportunity to detect these attacks in the browser and stop them at the earliest opportunity, before they reach the endpoint. Every ClickFix attack and variant has a key action in common — malicious code is copied from the page’s clipboard. In some cases, this happens without any user interaction (where the only requirement on the user is to run code that has been silently copied behind the scenes), presenting a strong indicator of malicious behavior that can be observed in the browser. ",{"data":36898,"content":36899,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":36901,"content":36902,"nodeType":1312},{},[36903],{"data":36904,"marks":36905,"value":36907,"nodeType":864},{},[36906],{"type":899},"3. Malicious OAuth integrations",{"data":36909,"content":36910,"nodeType":860},{},[36911,36915,36921],{"data":36912,"marks":36913,"value":36914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malicious OAuth integrations are another way for attackers to compromise an app by tricking a user into authorizing an integration with a malicious, attacker-controlled app, with the level of data access and functionality dictated by the scopes authorized in the request. This is also known as ",{"data":36916,"content":36917,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22555},[36918],{"data":36919,"marks":36920,"value":22561,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36922,"marks":36923,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":36925,"content":36929,"nodeType":996},{"target":36926},{"sys":36927},{"id":36928,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5JaP4WSfFsFSbvaa9BQBOq",[],{"data":36931,"content":36932,"nodeType":860},{},[36933],{"data":36934,"marks":36935,"value":36936,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is an effective way for attackers to bypass hardened authentication and access controls by sidestepping the typical login process to take over an account and compromise business apps. This includes phishing-resistant MFA methods like passkeys — since the standard login process does not apply. ",{"data":36938,"content":36939,"nodeType":860},{},[36940],{"data":36941,"marks":36942,"value":36943,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A variant of this attack has dominated the headlines recently with the ongoing Salesforce breaches. In this scenario, the attacker tricked the victim into authorizing an attacker-controlled OAuth app via the device code authorization flow in Salesforce, which requires the user to enter an 8-digit code in place of a password or MFA factor.",{"data":36945,"content":36949,"nodeType":996},{"target":36946},{"sys":36947},{"id":36948,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3odEFcUcpKN553gHh2P5yr",[],{"data":36951,"content":36952,"nodeType":860},{},[36953],{"data":36954,"marks":36955,"value":36956,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Preventing malicious OAuth grants being authorized requires tight in-app management of user permissions and tenant security settings. This is no mean feat when considering the 100s of apps in use across the modern enterprise, many of which are not centrally managed by IT and security teams (or in some cases, are completely unknown to them). Even then, you’re limited by the controls made available by the app vendor. In this case, Salesforce has announced planned changes to OAuth app authorization in order to improve security prompted by these attacks — but many more apps with insecure configs exist for attackers to take advantage of in future. ",{"data":36958,"content":36959,"nodeType":860},{},[36960],{"data":36961,"marks":36962,"value":36963,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, unlike app-specific integrations, browser-based security tools are well positioned to observe OAuth grants across all apps accessed in the browser — even the ones the security team doesn’t manage or know about, or without needing to pay for the app’s special security add-on to get visibility.",{"data":36965,"content":36966,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":36968,"content":36969,"nodeType":1312},{},[36970],{"data":36971,"marks":36972,"value":36974,"nodeType":864},{},[36973],{"type":899},"4. 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April 11th our browser-based phishing detection controls were triggered for a user with the Push extension installed. ",{"data":38270,"content":38271,"nodeType":860},{},[38272],{"data":38273,"marks":38274,"value":38275,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The user had visited the url dashboard[.]onfido[.].us[.]com after entering a Google search for ‘onfido’, a site they had previously accessed for work and had an account on. A convincing looking Google ad duped the user into clicking the fake link.",{"data":38277,"content":38280,"nodeType":996},{"target":38278},{"sys":38279},{"id":35789,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":38282,"content":38283,"nodeType":860},{},[38284],{"data":38285,"marks":38286,"value":38287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Although the page was not the official login page for Onfido, it appeared legitimate enough at first glance to trick the user. ",{"data":38289,"content":38293,"nodeType":996},{"target":38290},{"sys":38291},{"id":38292,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Tp1RJ3eSx7r79wwm9d9DZ",[],{"data":38295,"content":38296,"nodeType":860},{},[38297],{"data":38298,"marks":38299,"value":38300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After clicking the link, the user was blocked from interacting with the malicious page running Evilginx by Push. We then took action to identify other Onfido users within the Push customer base and notify them accordingly of the campaign. ",{"data":38302,"content":38303,"nodeType":860},{},[38304],{"data":38305,"marks":38306,"value":38307,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are a few interesting elements worth exploring. Let’s dive in. ",{"data":38309,"content":38310,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38312,"content":38313,"nodeType":1009},{},[38314],{"data":38315,"marks":38316,"value":38318,"nodeType":864},{},[38317],{"type":899},"Why Onfido?",{"data":38320,"content":38321,"nodeType":860},{},[38322],{"data":38323,"marks":38324,"value":38325,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Onfido is an interesting choice. It’s not your typical phishing target, which points to an interesting trend we’ve observed where attackers are diversifying their phishing targets. ",{"data":38327,"content":38328,"nodeType":860},{},[38329],{"data":38330,"marks":38331,"value":38332,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are two main reasons for this:",{"data":38334,"content":38335,"nodeType":941},{},[38336,38346],{"data":38337,"content":38338,"nodeType":945},{},[38339],{"data":38340,"content":38341,"nodeType":860},{},[38342],{"data":38343,"marks":38344,"value":38345,"nodeType":864},{},[],"People are becoming increasingly suspicious of phishing attacks targeting core apps such as Microsoft, Google, Okta, etc. and are much more likely to spot real vs fake pages. ",{"data":38347,"content":38348,"nodeType":945},{},[38349],{"data":38350,"content":38351,"nodeType":860},{},[38352],{"data":38353,"marks":38354,"value":38355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because highly targeted apps like IdPs and enterprise cloud platforms are becoming increasingly hardened from an identity perspective, attackers have a lower chance of success relative to accounts on the long tail of internet apps used by an organization — many of which simply cannot be securely configured in the same way (e.g. no passkey/WebAuthn support, limited admin controls to discover and remediate identity security gaps, etc.). ",{"data":38357,"content":38358,"nodeType":860},{},[38359],{"data":38360,"marks":38361,"value":38362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Onfido is also an interesting example in that it definitely contains valuable data that attackers can take advantage of. As a digital identity solution, it presents a significant risk from both a personal and company perspective if compromised, with plenty of PII that can be leveraged to extort a victim — and clear bad press (and possible regulator scrutiny) if the data is leaked!",{"data":38364,"content":38365,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38367,"content":38368,"nodeType":1009},{},[38369],{"data":38370,"marks":38371,"value":38373,"nodeType":864},{},[38372],{"type":899},"Why Google ads?",{"data":38375,"content":38376,"nodeType":860},{},[38377,38381,38385],{"data":38378,"marks":38379,"value":38380,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack is a form of ",{"data":38382,"marks":38383,"value":441,"nodeType":864},{},[38384],{"type":899},{"data":38386,"marks":38387,"value":38388,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where attackers distribute malicious links via ads — in this case, via Google. This is just one example of the many non-email phishing channels that attackers have at their disposal today. ",{"data":38390,"content":38394,"nodeType":996},{"target":38391},{"sys":38392},{"id":38393,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7kfeOKGXEWVL5RW5jFnQBo",[],{"data":38396,"content":38397,"nodeType":860},{},[38398],{"data":38399,"marks":38400,"value":38401,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The use of malvertising has a couple of notable advantages here. Namely, because Google ads do not use the same reputation-based checks as an email security provider does, the attacker can use freshly created domains to conduct the attack. Usually, attackers would aim to take over existing domains with a reputation already built up, or spend 6-12 months bedding in their domains so that they pass mail filters. ",{"data":38403,"content":38407,"nodeType":996},{"target":38404},{"sys":38405},{"id":38406,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"499fj1Xark8Bj7iQjv9Vsm",[],{"data":38409,"content":38410,"nodeType":860},{},[38411],{"data":38412,"marks":38413,"value":38414,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But in this case, the domain was registered only shortly before being used. We detected it only a few hours after it had been registered — and it’s already been taken down since (no doubt to be replaced with the next one). This means it’s easy for attackers to spin up these malvertising campaigns at will, without any real forward planning. ",{"data":38416,"content":38417,"nodeType":860},{},[38418],{"data":38419,"marks":38420,"value":38421,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In fact, malvertising doesn’t require much effort on the attacker’s part whatsoever. As a watering hole, you put the link up and wait for the clicks to roll in. Unfortunately, many people Google search for sites that they frequently use rather than accessing via bookmark, opening them up to these kinds of malvertising attacks. ",{"data":38423,"content":38424,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38426,"content":38427,"nodeType":1312},{},[38428],{"data":38429,"marks":38430,"value":38432,"nodeType":864},{},[38431],{"type":899},"No frills ",{"data":38434,"content":38435,"nodeType":860},{},[38436,38440,38449],{"data":38437,"marks":38438,"value":38439,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unlike many of the other campaigns using MFA-bypass phishing kits we’ve seen in the wild, the attacker put very little effort into obfuscating the malicious page. We’ve seen some using things like Cloudflare Turnstile, CAPTCHA, or even ",{"data":38441,"content":38443,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38442},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-consent-phishing-is-evolving/",[38444],{"data":38445,"marks":38446,"value":38448,"nodeType":864},{},[38447],{"type":1455},"Consent Phishing for OIDC scopes ",{"data":38450,"marks":38451,"value":38452,"nodeType":864},{},[],"to break sandbox detections and prevent security tools from reaching the malicious content to analyze it. ",{"data":38454,"content":38458,"nodeType":996},{"target":38455},{"sys":38456},{"id":38457,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7csybR6fJlCWsRy91CbNYL",[],{"data":38460,"content":38461,"nodeType":860},{},[38462],{"data":38463,"marks":38464,"value":38465,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, there was evidence to suggest that the domain required a specific URL path — namely, the page must be accessed via Google ads to load. When the page was accessed without the correct parameters set, we were forwarded to a nonexistent page within the legitimate onfido.com domain, resulting in a 404 error.",{"data":38467,"content":38471,"nodeType":996},{"target":38468},{"sys":38469},{"id":38470,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"658fTppp0l1YkoMERiQ1Oj",[],{"data":38473,"content":38474,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38476,"content":38477,"nodeType":1009},{},[38478],{"data":38479,"marks":38480,"value":38482,"nodeType":864},{},[38481],{"type":899},"What’s interesting about the domain?",{"data":38484,"content":38485,"nodeType":860},{},[38486,38490,38499],{"data":38487,"marks":38488,"value":38489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the things that really stood out to us was the hosting domain — ",{"data":38491,"content":38493,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38492},"http://us.com",[38494],{"data":38495,"marks":38496,"value":38498,"nodeType":864},{},[38497],{"type":1455},"us.com",{"data":38500,"marks":38501,"value":38502,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Unlike the official government TLD .us, us.com is designed to look and feel legit but does not require any US affiliation or evidence of a US presence. This isn’t a TLD, it’s just a domain selling subdomains within their domain. This means there’s no WHOIS information available on the domains. ",{"data":38504,"content":38508,"nodeType":996},{"target":38505},{"sys":38506},{"id":38507,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7HtOWLePxPclyfODqC0oR",[],{"data":38510,"content":38511,"nodeType":860},{},[38512],{"data":38513,"marks":38514,"value":38515,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is incredibly deceptive to the user and will fool many people glancing at the link. It doesn’t look as obviously suspicious as your .xyz or .biz and has the feel of a legitimate domain. It’s also incredibly cheap to pick up .us.com domains right now. ",{"data":38517,"content":38521,"nodeType":996},{"target":38518},{"sys":38519},{"id":38520,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5CHWwlH2ZFZiVOQWMpkquy",[],{"data":38523,"content":38524,"nodeType":860},{},[38525,38529,38538],{"data":38526,"marks":38527,"value":38528,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can find additional information on ",{"data":38530,"content":38532,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38531},"https://urlscan.io/result/0196338c-75ea-720c-a0e4-c2898acc4779/",[38533],{"data":38534,"marks":38535,"value":38537,"nodeType":864},{},[38536],{"type":1455},"urlscan",{"data":38539,"marks":38540,"value":38541,"nodeType":864},{},[]," here.",{"data":38543,"content":38547,"nodeType":996},{"target":38544},{"sys":38545},{"id":38546,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6hdBHT8SrC6z7O0gIc7xnh",[],{"data":38549,"content":38553,"nodeType":996},{"target":38550},{"sys":38551},{"id":38552,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3KxFiCeGlk7fVC8k1oo7cX",[],{"data":38555,"content":38556,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38558,"content":38559,"nodeType":1009},{},[38560],{"data":38561,"marks":38562,"value":38564,"nodeType":864},{},[38563],{"type":899},"Isn’t Evilginx a red team tool?",{"data":38566,"content":38567,"nodeType":860},{},[38568],{"data":38569,"marks":38570,"value":38571,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Evilginx is nominally a red team tool, but we frequently spot it being used in phishing campaigns against our customers. Evilginx is a great choice for attackers looking to target non-standard web apps because it is capable of emulating a range of domains — it’s designed to be flexible and work for any page without generating a load of custom JavaScript that might stand out to security tools/analysts. ",{"data":38573,"content":38574,"nodeType":860},{},[38575],{"data":38576,"marks":38577,"value":38578,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to see an example of Evilginx being used to phish a user, check out the example below. ",{"data":38580,"content":38584,"nodeType":996},{"target":38581},{"sys":38582},{"id":38583,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7IuP0mcRZJkL8YGNoZo5Dj",[],{"data":38586,"content":38587,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38589,"content":38590,"nodeType":1009},{},[38591],{"data":38592,"marks":38593,"value":38595,"nodeType":864},{},[38594],{"type":899},"What can you do about it?",{"data":38597,"content":38598,"nodeType":860},{},[38599],{"data":38600,"marks":38601,"value":38602,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s not a huge amount of impartial advice to give here unfortunately. With malicious Google ads not going away anytime soon, response action is limited. If you are an Onfido user, be sure to block the URL and any related patterns (we noticed that after appearing to have been taken down initially, the site has reappeared at dashboard[.]onfido[.]us[.]com/users/sign_in and no longer appears to require the same URL path). However, it goes without saying that this is a temporary measure and the attacker will no doubt rotate the domain in the near future. ",{"data":38604,"content":38605,"nodeType":860},{},[38606],{"data":38607,"marks":38608,"value":38609,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One good option is to encourage your users to bookmark their links rather than Google searching for the page. If you’re using an IdP with an application dashboard like Okta, Microsoft, or Google, this provides a convenient way to find all your apps in one place. ",{"data":38611,"content":38612,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38614,"content":38615,"nodeType":1009},{},[38616],{"data":38617,"marks":38618,"value":38620,"nodeType":864},{},[38619],{"type":899},"Bonus: How Push stopped the attack",{"data":38622,"content":38623,"nodeType":860},{},[38624],{"data":38625,"marks":38626,"value":38627,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Interested in how we stopped the attack?",{"data":38629,"content":38630,"nodeType":860},{},[38631],{"data":38632,"marks":38633,"value":38634,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When the user visited the page, Push detected Evilginx running on the page and blocked the user. Check it out.",{"data":38636,"content":38640,"nodeType":996},{"target":38637},{"sys":38638},{"id":38639,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5QavzZPS4siFvHCBhpujEe",[],{"data":38642,"content":38643,"nodeType":860},{},[38644],{"data":38645,"marks":38646,"value":38647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using our browser-based security platform, you can also see all users with an account on Onfido across your workforce. Using Push, you can:",{"data":38649,"content":38650,"nodeType":941},{},[38651,38661,38671],{"data":38652,"content":38653,"nodeType":945},{},[38654],{"data":38655,"content":38656,"nodeType":860},{},[38657],{"data":38658,"marks":38659,"value":38660,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Quickly identify which users have a password-based login set for their account (and therefore could be phished). ",{"data":38662,"content":38663,"nodeType":945},{},[38664],{"data":38665,"content":38666,"nodeType":860},{},[38667],{"data":38668,"marks":38669,"value":38670,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identify users to enable them to be contacted about the attacks targeting Onfido.",{"data":38672,"content":38673,"nodeType":945},{},[38674],{"data":38675,"content":38676,"nodeType":860},{},[38677],{"data":38678,"marks":38679,"value":38680,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Set an app banner for Onfido warning users of the attacks and guiding them to access and login to the app via your SSO solution. ",{"data":38682,"content":38686,"nodeType":996},{"target":38683},{"sys":38684},{"id":38685,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"23B4EHUs1vt0se5r1cUI4t",[],{"data":38688,"content":38689,"nodeType":1312},{},[38690],{"data":38691,"marks":38692,"value":38694,"nodeType":864},{},[38693],{"type":899},"We don’t just stop phishing attacks",{"data":38696,"content":38697,"nodeType":860},{},[38698],{"data":38699,"marks":38700,"value":38701,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t stop there — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":38703,"content":38704,"nodeType":860},{},[38705,38709,38716],{"data":38706,"marks":38707,"value":38708,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat advanced identity attack techniques in the browser, ",{"data":38710,"content":38711,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[38712],{"data":38713,"marks":38714,"value":38715,"nodeType":864},{},[],"book some time with one of our team",{"data":38717,"marks":38718,"value":38719,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for a live demo.","Investigating a recent malvertising campaign targeting Onfido customers","We recently investigated a malvertising campaign using Evilginx to target Onfido customers via Google ads.","2025-04-15T00:00:00.000Z","investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers",{"items":38725},[38726,38728],{"sys":38727,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":38729,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":38731},[38732],{"fullName":24112,"firstName":24113,"jobTitle":24114,"profilePicture":38733},{"url":24116},{"__typename":2059,"sys":38735,"content":38737,"title":39328,"synopsis":39329,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":39330,"slug":39331,"tagsCollection":39332,"authorsCollection":39338},{"id":38736},"5y6UUG3mMTu1dFhtKO0AUT",{"json":38738},{"data":38739,"content":38740,"nodeType":856},{},[38741,38748,38755,38775,38782,38801,38808,38811,38819,38826,38833,38839,38846,38891,38933,38941,38948,38968,39004,39010,39017,39023,39030,39038,39068,39074,39077,39084,39104,39124,39154,39159,39162,39170,39177,39270,39273,39280,39296,39303,39310],{"data":38742,"content":38743,"nodeType":860},{},[38744],{"data":38745,"marks":38746,"value":38747,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Everything we do at Push is research-driven. Our detections for phishing attacks were created through hands-on analysis of phishing kits that our customers have been targeted with. This gives us a steady supply of all manner of modern Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing kits to analyze — from the classic Evilginx-style phish kit to professionalized criminal as-a-Service infrastructure. ",{"data":38749,"content":38750,"nodeType":860},{},[38751],{"data":38752,"marks":38753,"value":38754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In our most recent phish kit teardown, we encountered a standard reverse-proxy clone of a Microsoft login page — nothing unusual at first glance. But increasingly, a lot of the innovation comes outside of the phishing page itself. ",{"data":38756,"content":38757,"nodeType":860},{},[38758,38762,38771],{"data":38759,"marks":38760,"value":38761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The art in detection evasion comes from being able to successfully deliver the page to a user and have them open the page without it being intercepted by an email security, proxy scanner, URL TI feed, or web analysis tool. To achieve this, the attacker found a way to redirect from a legitimate ",{"data":38763,"content":38765,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38764},"http://outlook.office.com",[38766],{"data":38767,"marks":38768,"value":38770,"nodeType":864},{},[38769],{"type":1455},"outlook.office.com",{"data":38772,"marks":38773,"value":38774,"nodeType":864},{},[]," link to a phishing website. ",{"data":38776,"content":38777,"nodeType":860},{},[38778],{"data":38779,"marks":38780,"value":38781,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is essentially an open redirect vulnerability — maybe not the classic example where someone has forgotten to do input sanitization on their website, but the outcome is the same.",{"data":38783,"content":38784,"nodeType":860},{},[38785,38789,38797],{"data":38786,"marks":38787,"value":38788,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Central to our analysis was the use of our timelines feature, ",{"data":38790,"content":38791,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34672},[38792],{"data":38793,"marks":38794,"value":38796,"nodeType":864},{},[38795],{"type":1455},"part of our latest Detections feature release",{"data":38798,"marks":38799,"value":38800,"nodeType":864},{},[],". I’m not going to talk in any detail about this, but the TL;DR is that it allows us to trace back the entire chain of browsing activity leading up to a detection — showing the full (sometimes lengthy) redirect chain from the initial link delivery source to the actual phishing page, tabs opened and closed, popup windows, forms submitted, passwords entered, and more. ",{"data":38802,"content":38803,"nodeType":860},{},[38804],{"data":38805,"marks":38806,"value":38807,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, let’s go through the steps of my investigation before looking at the findings (and the implications for phishing detection evasion techniques). ",{"data":38809,"content":38810,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":38812,"content":38813,"nodeType":1009},{},[38814],{"data":38815,"marks":38816,"value":38818,"nodeType":864},{},[38817],{"type":899},"Investigation walkthrough",{"data":38820,"content":38821,"nodeType":860},{},[38822],{"data":38823,"marks":38824,"value":38825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As I opened with, there was nothing especially notable about the phishing page itself — a standard reverse-proxy AitM page designed to intercept the user’s session as they authenticate, bypassing MFA in the process. ",{"data":38827,"content":38828,"nodeType":860},{},[38829],{"data":38830,"marks":38831,"value":38832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This was not targeted delivery — employees from several customers were impacted. I’ve included an example of how one user arrived at the site below.",{"data":38834,"content":38838,"nodeType":996},{"target":38835},{"sys":38836},{"id":38837,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"51MnOL9XqQDkllK2Jer4S9",[],{"data":38840,"content":38841,"nodeType":860},{},[38842],{"data":38843,"marks":38844,"value":38845,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This one stood out to me for a few reasons. ",{"data":38847,"content":38848,"nodeType":941},{},[38849,38859,38881],{"data":38850,"content":38851,"nodeType":945},{},[38852],{"data":38853,"content":38854,"nodeType":860},{},[38855],{"data":38856,"marks":38857,"value":38858,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The user had accessed the malicious link from Google search. They searched “Office 265\" (a typo presumably), clicked a link, and were taken to an Office login page.",{"data":38860,"content":38861,"nodeType":945},{},[38862],{"data":38863,"content":38864,"nodeType":860},{},[38865,38869,38877],{"data":38866,"marks":38867,"value":38868,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Outlook link had a number of Google Ads tracking parameters attached, meaning they clicked an ad, not an organic link — making this a ",{"data":38870,"content":38872,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38871},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/malvertising/",[38873],{"data":38874,"marks":38875,"value":441,"nodeType":864},{},[38876],{"type":1455},{"data":38878,"marks":38879,"value":38880,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attack. ",{"data":38882,"content":38883,"nodeType":945},{},[38884],{"data":38885,"content":38886,"nodeType":860},{},[38887],{"data":38888,"marks":38889,"value":38890,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another domain — bluegraintours[.]com — was in the URL path, after which they were redirected to the Microsoft-impersonating phishing site (login-microsoftonline[.]offirmtm[.]com ...). ",{"data":38892,"content":38893,"nodeType":860},{},[38894,38898,38907,38911,38918,38922,38929],{"data":38895,"marks":38896,"value":38897,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This got me wondering — how did they get ",{"data":38899,"content":38901,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38900},"http://office.com",[38902],{"data":38903,"marks":38904,"value":38906,"nodeType":864},{},[38905],{"type":1455},"office.com",{"data":38908,"marks":38909,"value":38910,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to redirect to the phishing site, and why was the bluegraintours domain in the path of an ",{"data":38912,"content":38913,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38900},[38914],{"data":38915,"marks":38916,"value":38906,"nodeType":864},{},[38917],{"type":1455},{"data":38919,"marks":38920,"value":38921,"nodeType":864},{},[]," link? There was no indication that an actual phishing email was interacted with, it seemed to all happen directly from the legitimate ",{"data":38923,"content":38924,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38900},[38925],{"data":38926,"marks":38927,"value":38906,"nodeType":864},{},[38928],{"type":1455},{"data":38930,"marks":38931,"value":38932,"nodeType":864},{},[]," link. ",{"data":38934,"content":38935,"nodeType":1312},{},[38936],{"data":38937,"marks":38938,"value":38940,"nodeType":864},{},[38939],{"type":899},"Redirecting to a malicious login page via ADFS",{"data":38942,"content":38943,"nodeType":860},{},[38944],{"data":38945,"marks":38946,"value":38947,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From memory, I knew that the tenant name can appear in the URL when you’re accessing a specific Microsoft tenant for your organization — essentially a domain-specific landing page. ",{"data":38949,"content":38950,"nodeType":860},{},[38951,38955,38964],{"data":38952,"marks":38953,"value":38954,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It turns out the attacker had set up a custom Microsoft tenant with ",{"data":38956,"content":38958,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38957},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-fs/ad-fs-overview",[38959],{"data":38960,"marks":38961,"value":38963,"nodeType":864},{},[38962],{"type":1455},"Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)",{"data":38965,"marks":38966,"value":38967,"nodeType":864},{},[]," configured. If you’re not familiar, ADFS is an SSO solution that is often used to connect on-premises Active Directory with cloud services like Microsoft 365 or Azure Active Directory. This means Microsoft will perform the redirect to the custom malicious domain. ",{"data":38969,"content":38970,"nodeType":860},{},[38971,38975,38982,38986,38995,38999],{"data":38972,"marks":38973,"value":38974,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is strikingly similar to ",{"data":38976,"content":38977,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35843},[38978],{"data":38979,"marks":38980,"value":35849,"nodeType":864},{},[38981],{"type":1455},{"data":38983,"marks":38984,"value":38985,"nodeType":864},{},[],", a technique I’ve ",{"data":38987,"content":38989,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38988},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/samljacking-a-poisoned-tenant/",[38990],{"data":38991,"marks":38992,"value":38994,"nodeType":864},{},[38993],{"type":1455},"blogged about previously",{"data":38996,"marks":38997,"value":38998,"nodeType":864},{},[]," which allows you to change the identity provider domain that an application’s users authenticate through. Attackers can change this link to their phishing page that proxies the legitimate site to phish users through legitimate sign-in links — ",{"data":39000,"marks":39001,"value":39003,"nodeType":864},{},[39002],{"type":899},"so I guess that makes this ADFSjacking?",{"data":39005,"content":39009,"nodeType":996},{"target":39006},{"sys":39007},{"id":39008,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3BXyDhMC69355gLRqyIwQP",[],{"data":39011,"content":39012,"nodeType":860},{},[39013],{"data":39014,"marks":39015,"value":39016,"nodeType":864},{},[],"I had initially assumed that bluegraintours was a legitimate website that had been compromised by the attacker and used as a redirect, which is pretty common behavior for threat groups. However, it turns out that it’s actually a fake website that the attackers have probably vibe-coded. ",{"data":39018,"content":39022,"nodeType":996},{"target":39019},{"sys":39020},{"id":39021,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1hnWJ0jgsPqRELDqUeFzf3",[],{"data":39024,"content":39025,"nodeType":860},{},[39026],{"data":39027,"marks":39028,"value":39029,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth noting that this isn’t something that the phishing victim would see as part of the attack — it’s purely used as an invisible redirect. This is most likely to be an attempt to mask the nature of the domain for domain categorization purposes, which is typical for proxy-based solutions to prevent users from browsing to unapproved things — this way, automated scanners will classify it as a travel blog. ",{"data":39031,"content":39032,"nodeType":1312},{},[39033],{"data":39034,"marks":39035,"value":39037,"nodeType":864},{},[39036],{"type":899},"Conditional loading interrupted the page analysis",{"data":39039,"content":39040,"nodeType":860},{},[39041,39045,39053,39057,39064],{"data":39042,"marks":39043,"value":39044,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the user was taken to the phishing page at the end of the chain, ",{"data":39046,"content":39048,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39047},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/conditional-loading/",[39049],{"data":39050,"marks":39051,"value":23371,"nodeType":864},{},[39052],{"type":1455},{"data":39054,"marks":39055,"value":39056,"nodeType":864},{},[]," restrictions prevented us from recreating the full attack flow when loading the initial link clicked by the user. This happens when certain conditions of the page load aren’t met. Because the kit decides I’m not a valid target, I’m redirected back to ",{"data":39058,"content":39059,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38900},[39060],{"data":39061,"marks":39062,"value":38906,"nodeType":864},{},[39063],{"type":1455},{"data":39065,"marks":39066,"value":39067,"nodeType":864},{},[],". However, we were able to skip ahead and bypass the conditional loading to access the phishing server directly. ",{"data":39069,"content":39073,"nodeType":996},{"target":39070},{"sys":39071},{"id":39072,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"68rW6CHJOJ2u3mCc08lGvZ",[],{"data":39075,"content":39076,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":39078,"content":39079,"nodeType":1009},{},[39080],{"data":39081,"marks":39082,"value":23730,"nodeType":864},{},[39083],{"type":899},{"data":39085,"content":39086,"nodeType":860},{},[39087,39091,39100],{"data":39088,"marks":39089,"value":39090,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While this isn’t a vulnerability per se, the ability for attackers to add their own Microsoft ADFS server to host their phishing page and have Microsoft redirect to it is a concerning development that will make URL-based detections even more challenging than they already are. ",{"data":39092,"content":39094,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39093},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/trusted-website-hosting/",[39095],{"data":39096,"marks":39097,"value":39099,"nodeType":864},{},[39098],{"type":1455},"Hosting phishing links on trusted third-party websites",{"data":39101,"marks":39102,"value":39103,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is a highly effective way of both bypassing URL-based detections and implementing layers of obfuscation in their phishing delivery chain that can break automated analysis tools.  ",{"data":39105,"content":39106,"nodeType":860},{},[39107,39111,39120],{"data":39108,"marks":39109,"value":39110,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is basically the equivalent to ",{"data":39112,"content":39114,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39113},"http://outlook.com",[39115],{"data":39116,"marks":39117,"value":39119,"nodeType":864},{},[39118],{"type":1455},"Outlook.com",{"data":39121,"marks":39122,"value":39123,"nodeType":864},{},[]," having an open redirect vulnerability, which would be a huge deal in the eyes of most security practitioners. In practice, it’s a little harder for the average attacker to make use of this, but anyone that is willing to create a Microsoft tenant and set up ADFS could create similar phishing infrastructure  — which only requires passing a credit card check. ",{"data":39125,"content":39126,"nodeType":860},{},[39127,39131,39138,39142,39150],{"data":39128,"marks":39129,"value":39130,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The other notable component to this attack is the use of ",{"data":39132,"content":39133,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38871},[39134],{"data":39135,"marks":39136,"value":441,"nodeType":864},{},[39137],{"type":1455},{"data":39139,"marks":39140,"value":39141,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as the lure delivery channel. This is a trend we spotted recently with ",{"data":39143,"content":39144,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24421},[39145],{"data":39146,"marks":39147,"value":39149,"nodeType":864},{},[39148],{"type":1455},"Scattered Spider’s use of Onfido-based malvertising lures",{"data":39151,"marks":39152,"value":39153,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Malvertising is a great way for attackers to sidestep phishing controls placed at the email layer (where the majority are) and, as in this case, can create a highly-convincing and difficult-to-spot phishing scenario.  ",{"data":39155,"content":39158,"nodeType":996},{"target":39156},{"sys":39157},{"id":24093,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":39160,"content":39161,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":39163,"content":39164,"nodeType":1009},{},[39165],{"data":39166,"marks":39167,"value":39169,"nodeType":864},{},[39168],{"type":899},"Detection recommendations",{"data":39171,"content":39172,"nodeType":860},{},[39173],{"data":39174,"marks":39175,"value":39176,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are a couple of tool-agnostic hardening options that can used to limit exposure to the specifics of this attack:",{"data":39178,"content":39179,"nodeType":941},{},[39180,39190,39211],{"data":39181,"content":39182,"nodeType":945},{},[39183],{"data":39184,"content":39185,"nodeType":860},{},[39186],{"data":39187,"marks":39188,"value":39189,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Monitoring for ADFS redirects in proxy logs that could be malicious, i.e. login.microsoftonline.com redirecting to another domain with /adfs/ls/ in the path. Many organizations do not use ADFS, while those that do should be able to filter legitimate ones to their legitimate domain relatively easily. ",{"data":39191,"content":39192,"nodeType":945},{},[39193],{"data":39194,"content":39195,"nodeType":860},{},[39196,39200,39207],{"data":39197,"marks":39198,"value":39199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Monitoring for Google redirects to ",{"data":39201,"content":39202,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38900},[39203],{"data":39204,"marks":39205,"value":38906,"nodeType":864},{},[39206],{"type":1455},{"data":39208,"marks":39209,"value":39210,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with Google ad parameters for more specific detection of malvertising + ADFS hijacking as in this example. ",{"data":39212,"content":39213,"nodeType":945},{},[39214],{"data":39215,"content":39216,"nodeType":860},{},[39217,39221,39230,39233,39242,39245,39254,39257,39266],{"data":39218,"marks":39219,"value":39220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Deploying ad blockers to all of your browsers to stop malvertising attacks — though this only serves to tackle one of the several possible delivery vectors, such as links delivered using ",{"data":39222,"content":39224,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39223},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/email-legitimate-app/",[39225],{"data":39226,"marks":39227,"value":39229,"nodeType":864},{},[39228],{"type":1455},"legitimate third-party services",{"data":39231,"marks":39232,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39234,"content":39236,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39235},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/social-media/",[39237],{"data":39238,"marks":39239,"value":39241,"nodeType":864},{},[39240],{"type":1455},"social media",{"data":39243,"marks":39244,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39246,"content":39248,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39247},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/instant-messenger/",[39249],{"data":39250,"marks":39251,"value":39253,"nodeType":864},{},[39252],{"type":1455},"instant messenger",{"data":39255,"marks":39256,"value":20002,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39258,"content":39260,"nodeType":883},{"uri":39259},"https://pushsecurity.github.io/phishing-techniques/techniques/email-attachment/",[39261],{"data":39262,"marks":39263,"value":39265,"nodeType":864},{},[39264],{"type":1455},"email attachment",{"data":39267,"marks":39268,"value":39269,"nodeType":864},{},[],". (This is one of the limitations of focusing on specific delivery mechanisms — attackers have more to choose from than ever before. It’s not just an email problem). ",{"data":39271,"content":39272,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":39274,"content":39275,"nodeType":1009},{},[39276],{"data":39277,"marks":39278,"value":3578,"nodeType":864},{},[39279],{"type":899},{"data":39281,"content":39282,"nodeType":860},{},[39283,39287,39293],{"data":39284,"marks":39285,"value":39286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push doesn’t detect the redirect tricks, or relies on outdated domain TI feeds. It doesn’t matter what ",{"data":39288,"content":39289,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8241},[39290],{"data":39291,"marks":39292,"value":24051,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39294,"marks":39295,"value":34708,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":39297,"content":39298,"nodeType":860},{},[39299],{"data":39300,"marks":39301,"value":39302,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying, and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. ",{"data":39304,"content":39305,"nodeType":860},{},[39306],{"data":39307,"marks":39308,"value":39309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, including ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more.",{"data":39311,"content":39312,"nodeType":860},{},[39313,39317,39325],{"data":39314,"marks":39315,"value":39316,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques, ",{"data":39318,"content":39319,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[39320],{"data":39321,"marks":39322,"value":39324,"nodeType":864},{},[39323],{"type":1455},"request a demo.",{"data":39326,"marks":39327,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How attackers are using Active Directory Federation Services to phish with legit office.com links","Push recently identified a novel phishing attack using Active Directory Federation Services to get Microsoft to send victims to a phishing site.","2025-08-12T00:00:00.000Z","phishing-with-active-directory-federation-services",{"items":39333},[39334,39336],{"sys":39335,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":39337,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":39339},[39340],{"fullName":24112,"firstName":24113,"jobTitle":24114,"profilePicture":39341},{"url":24116},"blog/new-phishing-campaign-identified-targeting-linkedin-users",{"json":39344},{"data":39345,"content":39346,"nodeType":856},{},[39347],{"data":39348,"content":39349,"nodeType":860},{},[39350],{"data":39351,"marks":39352,"value":39353,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are increasingly sending phishing lures via non-email delivery channels like social media, instant messaging apps, and search engines. 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We pin the password to its legitimate domain(s) and then don’t allow it to be entered into any webpage on any other domain. ",{"data":40152,"content":40153,"nodeType":860},{},[40154],{"data":40155,"marks":40156,"value":40157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But just because you’ve stopped your users from being phished doesn’t mean you don’t want to know when attackers are attempting to phish your users and how. ",{"data":40159,"content":40160,"nodeType":860},{},[40161],{"data":40162,"marks":40163,"value":40164,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push still inspects webpages to see if attackers are rendering cloned app login pages in the browser or if known AitM and BitM toolkits are being used. This way you don’t lose visibility of the unsuccessful attacks that are targeting your users. Think of it as a handy second and third layer of defense.",{"data":40166,"content":40167,"nodeType":860},{},[40168],{"data":40169,"marks":40170,"value":40171,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Lets run through a quick before and after example:",{"data":40173,"content":40174,"nodeType":1312},{},[40175,40179,40185],{"data":40176,"marks":40177,"value":40178,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scenario 1: An attacker attempts to phish an employee that ",{"data":40180,"marks":40181,"value":40184,"nodeType":864},{},[40182,40183],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"doesn’t",{"data":40186,"marks":40187,"value":40188,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have Push deployed to their browser.",{"data":40190,"content":40194,"nodeType":996},{"target":40191},{"sys":40192},{"id":40193,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2CbGMUSJsP1mNeHkmpLl6N",[],{"data":40196,"content":40197,"nodeType":860},{},[40198],{"data":40199,"marks":40200,"value":40201,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here, an attacker hacks a Wordpress blog to get a reputable domain and then runs a phishing toolkit on the webpage. They email one of your employees a link to it. Your SWG / email scanning solution inspects it in a sandbox but the phish kit detects this and redirects to a benign site so that it passes the inspection. ",{"data":40203,"content":40204,"nodeType":860},{},[40205],{"data":40206,"marks":40207,"value":40208,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Your user gets the email with the link and is now free to interact with the phishing page. They enter their credentials plus MFA code into the page and voila! The attacker steals them and is able to compromise the user’s account.  ",{"data":40210,"content":40211,"nodeType":1312},{},[40212,40216,40221],{"data":40213,"marks":40214,"value":40215,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scenario 2: An attacker attempts to phish an employee that ",{"data":40217,"marks":40218,"value":3053,"nodeType":864},{},[40219,40220],{"type":1455},{"type":899},{"data":40222,"marks":40223,"value":40224,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have Push deployed to their browser. ",{"data":40226,"content":40230,"nodeType":996},{"target":40227},{"sys":40228},{"id":40229,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"77smnID1woCfFJrJPyTvKY",[],{"data":40232,"content":40233,"nodeType":860},{},[40234],{"data":40235,"marks":40236,"value":40237,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This time, the attacker uses the same phishing toolkit and domain from the first example. But in reality, they don’t have to send it to your employee using email, instead, they could use LinkedIn messenger, Slack, Teams, or any application that allows employees to communicate with each other. ",{"data":40239,"content":40240,"nodeType":860},{},[40241],{"data":40242,"marks":40243,"value":40244,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Like before, the user receives the link, opens it and starts to enter their credentials into the webpage. This time though, the Push browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page.",{"data":40246,"content":40247,"nodeType":860},{},[40248],{"data":40249,"marks":40250,"value":40251,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first detection Push makes is checking that the password the user is entering matches the domain that password is pinned to. Since it doesn't match, based on this detection alone the user is automatically redirected to a blocking page. An important point to make here is that the password never leaves the user’s browser and the check is made using a shortened salted hash of the password.   ",{"data":40253,"content":40254,"nodeType":860},{},[40255],{"data":40256,"marks":40257,"value":40258,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The second detection Push makes is that the rendered web app is using a cloned app login page. The third detection is that a phishing toolkit is running in the web app code. ",{"data":40260,"content":40261,"nodeType":860},{},[40262],{"data":40263,"marks":40264,"value":40265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this particular scenario these second and third detections serve as useful context for understanding the nature of the phishing attack. But both will still redirect to a blocking page if they are triggered in isolation of the other phishing detections. ",{"data":40267,"content":40268,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":40270,"content":40271,"nodeType":1009},{},[40272],{"data":40273,"marks":40274,"value":38694,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40276,"content":40277,"nodeType":860},{},[40278,40282,40289],{"data":40279,"marks":40280,"value":40281,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We also detect other identity-related attack techniques used to compromise user accounts. That includes credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques, ",{"data":40283,"content":40284,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[40285],{"data":40286,"marks":40287,"value":38715,"nodeType":864},{},[40288],{"type":1455},{"data":40290,"marks":40291,"value":40292,"nodeType":864},{},[],".  ",{"data":40294,"content":40298,"nodeType":996},{"target":40295},{"sys":40296},{"id":40297,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2JSmYDaiAciOx7Z1MRuJlA",[],{"data":40300,"content":40301,"nodeType":860},{},[40302],{"data":40303,"marks":40304,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking phishing attacks in the browser","How Push detects and blocks phishing attempts in the browser – explained in less than two minutes. ","2024-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser",{"items":40310},[40311,40313],{"sys":40312,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":40314,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":40316},[40317],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":40318},{"url":4881},{"__typename":2059,"sys":40320,"content":40321,"title":40965,"synopsis":40966,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":40967,"slug":40968,"tagsCollection":40969,"authorsCollection":40975},{"id":21054},{"json":40322},{"data":40323,"content":40324,"nodeType":856},{},[40325,40331,40334,40341,40364,40395,40405,40424,40431,40437,40444,40459,40466,40469,40476,40483,40502,40509,40555,40562,40568,40574,40581,40614,40628,40631,40638,40645,40652,40659,40666,40673,40680,40788,40794,40809,40816,40831,40864,40879,40886,40901,40907,40914,40921,40927,40934,40940,40947],{"data":40326,"content":40330,"nodeType":996},{"target":40327},{"sys":40328},{"id":40329,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1hUpsNwuhEXwSPijvRflTq",[],{"data":40332,"content":40333,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":40335,"content":40336,"nodeType":860},{},[40337],{"data":40338,"marks":40339,"value":40340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are two things every security operations engineer can agree on:",{"data":40342,"content":40343,"nodeType":941},{},[40344,40354],{"data":40345,"content":40346,"nodeType":945},{},[40347],{"data":40348,"content":40349,"nodeType":860},{},[40350],{"data":40351,"marks":40352,"value":40353,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get MFA on every account on every app.",{"data":40355,"content":40356,"nodeType":945},{},[40357],{"data":40358,"content":40359,"nodeType":860},{},[40360],{"data":40361,"marks":40362,"value":40363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is stupidly harder to achieve than it seems.",{"data":40365,"content":40366,"nodeType":860},{},[40367,40371,40379,40383,40391],{"data":40368,"marks":40369,"value":40370,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The penalties for failing to solve this hard simple problem are abundantly clear. Stolen credentials accounted for roughly half of the initial access methods observed this year across 30,000+ attacks, according to Verizon’s 2024 ",{"data":40372,"content":40373,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18737},[40374],{"data":40375,"marks":40376,"value":40378,"nodeType":864},{},[40377],{"type":1455},"Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":40380,"marks":40381,"value":40382,"nodeType":864},{},[],". And ",{"data":40384,"content":40386,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40385},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/2024-identity-breaches/",[40387],{"data":40388,"marks":40389,"value":40390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"in a review of 30 publicly disclosed breaches involving identity attacks",{"data":40392,"marks":40393,"value":40394,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in 2024, we found that 73% (almost three-quarters) were the result of compromised credentials, with the rest the result of phishing. ",{"data":40396,"content":40397,"nodeType":1116},{},[40398],{"data":40399,"content":40400,"nodeType":860},{},[40401],{"data":40402,"marks":40403,"value":40404,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Three-quarters of publicly disclosed breaches involving identity attacks in 2024 involved compromised credentials and missing MFA.",{"data":40406,"content":40407,"nodeType":860},{},[40408,40412,40420],{"data":40409,"marks":40410,"value":40411,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the case of the ",{"data":40413,"content":40414,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[40415],{"data":40416,"marks":40417,"value":40419,"nodeType":864},{},[40418],{"type":1455},"Snowflake incident",{"data":40421,"marks":40422,"value":40423,"nodeType":864},{},[]," earlier this year, a lack of MFA meant the difference between an enormous and murky firefight to clean up accounts breached with legitimate credentials, and a decent night’s sleep. The result was hundreds of millions of breached customer records, nine publicly named victims, and at least one ransom paid.",{"data":40425,"content":40426,"nodeType":860},{},[40427],{"data":40428,"marks":40429,"value":40430,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“Do you know how many accounts we have on this third-party service, who owns them, how many tenants, whether those creds are shared elsewhere, and their security posture?” is not a fun question to answer on a Friday. ",{"data":40432,"content":40436,"nodeType":996},{"target":40433},{"sys":40434},{"id":40435,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6hg6PLXWMZaEDnGekHEzmD",[],{"data":40438,"content":40439,"nodeType":860},{},[40440],{"data":40441,"marks":40442,"value":40443,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For SecOps teams we’ve helped here at Push that responded to incidents affecting third-party apps (like Snowflake), the first item on the recovery plan is to finally solve that hard simple problem: No more MFA gaps.",{"data":40445,"content":40446,"nodeType":860},{},[40447,40451,40455],{"data":40448,"marks":40449,"value":40450,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With our latest feature release, ",{"data":40452,"marks":40453,"value":18331,"nodeType":864},{},[40454],{"type":899},{"data":40456,"marks":40457,"value":40458,"nodeType":864},{},[],", this is so much easier. With MFA enforcement, Push administrators can configure a control to prompt employees to enroll in MFA whenever Push detects that they’re not registered — even on apps that don’t natively provide any administrative enforcement option for MFA. This capability is made possible by the Push browser extension, which uses in-browser messaging and simple workflows to guide users right where they work.",{"data":40460,"content":40461,"nodeType":860},{},[40462],{"data":40463,"marks":40464,"value":40465,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’ll cover how Push helps you identify and close MFA gaps, how our new enforcement feature is one part of that solution, and how you can test the platform yourself.",{"data":40467,"content":40468,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":40470,"content":40471,"nodeType":1009},{},[40472],{"data":40473,"marks":40474,"value":40475,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Shining a light on MFA gaps",{"data":40477,"content":40478,"nodeType":860},{},[40479],{"data":40480,"marks":40481,"value":40482,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s no question that the rise of ubiquitous multi-factor authentication has been an enormous advance for defenders in cybersecurity. ",{"data":40484,"content":40485,"nodeType":860},{},[40486,40490,40499],{"data":40487,"marks":40488,"value":40489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yet several years into this journey, the problem of verifying and enforcing MFA coverage across an organization remains a bit of a ",{"data":40491,"content":40493,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40492},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzzle_box",[40494],{"data":40495,"marks":40496,"value":40498,"nodeType":864},{},[40497],{"type":1455},"puzzle box",{"data":40500,"marks":40501,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40503,"content":40504,"nodeType":860},{},[40505],{"data":40506,"marks":40507,"value":40508,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why is this?",{"data":40510,"content":40511,"nodeType":941},{},[40512,40522,40532],{"data":40513,"content":40514,"nodeType":945},{},[40515],{"data":40516,"content":40517,"nodeType":860},{},[40518],{"data":40519,"marks":40520,"value":40521,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Complex overlapping (and occasionally contradictory) configurations for enterprise MFA solutions can result in entire employee groups not registered for MFA, and other critical missing pieces.",{"data":40523,"content":40524,"nodeType":945},{},[40525],{"data":40526,"content":40527,"nodeType":860},{},[40528],{"data":40529,"marks":40530,"value":40531,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With a sprawling ecosystem of both SSO-managed and unmanaged self-adopted SaaS, MFA coverage ends up looking more like a patchwork than a unified layer of protection. Security teams lack visibility of freemium and self-purchased apps, and when signup is simple, many users will naturally skip MFA registration to remove a layer of friction. The end result is often a suite of core apps managed via SSO that enforce MFA — and a lot of other unmanaged apps that don’t (true nightmare fodder).",{"data":40533,"content":40534,"nodeType":945},{},[40535],{"data":40536,"content":40537,"nodeType":860},{},[40538,40542,40551],{"data":40539,"marks":40540,"value":40541,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another annoying piece of the puzzle box: Even in organizations with a high adoption rate of phishing-resistant MFA methods, having backup MFA methods (and a lack of total visibility into all of those registered methods) can create situations where ",{"data":40543,"content":40545,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40544},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/mfa_downgrade/description.md",[40546],{"data":40547,"marks":40548,"value":40550,"nodeType":864},{},[40549],{"type":1455},"MFA downgrade attacks",{"data":40552,"marks":40553,"value":40554,"nodeType":864},{},[]," are still possible. In MFA downgrade attacks, backup MFA methods that are less secure such as SMS or TOTP can be exploited, effectively bypassing more phishing-resistant methods.",{"data":40556,"content":40557,"nodeType":860},{},[40558],{"data":40559,"marks":40560,"value":40561,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The challenges of solving this puzzle are evident. ",{"data":40563,"content":40567,"nodeType":996},{"target":40564},{"sys":40565},{"id":40566,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2BBiFx8pHjSCeLTlP6n6da",[],{"data":40569,"content":40573,"nodeType":996},{"target":40570},{"sys":40571},{"id":40572,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2QnWVpPYRyJQaQ5TuKSSLp",[],{"data":40575,"content":40576,"nodeType":860},{},[40577],{"data":40578,"marks":40579,"value":40580,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To shine a light on MFA gaps, then, security teams need three things:",{"data":40582,"content":40583,"nodeType":941},{},[40584,40594,40604],{"data":40585,"content":40586,"nodeType":945},{},[40587],{"data":40588,"content":40589,"nodeType":860},{},[40590],{"data":40591,"marks":40592,"value":40593,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A full accounting of their identity attack surface, including accounts on unmanaged and freemium apps not on SSO.",{"data":40595,"content":40596,"nodeType":945},{},[40597],{"data":40598,"content":40599,"nodeType":860},{},[40600],{"data":40601,"marks":40602,"value":40603,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A trustworthy out-of-band method for verifying MFA coverage, beyond the tangle of conditional access rules.",{"data":40605,"content":40606,"nodeType":945},{},[40607],{"data":40608,"content":40609,"nodeType":860},{},[40610],{"data":40611,"marks":40612,"value":40613,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Visibility into which MFA methods are registered to a given account.",{"data":40615,"content":40616,"nodeType":860},{},[40617,40621,40625],{"data":40618,"marks":40619,"value":40620,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can get all three with the Push platform. The missing piece we’ve now added is a way to automatically prompt employees to add MFA wherever it’s missing. Enter ",{"data":40622,"marks":40623,"value":18331,"nodeType":864},{},[40624],{"type":899},{"data":40626,"marks":40627,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40629,"content":40630,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":40632,"content":40633,"nodeType":1009},{},[40634],{"data":40635,"marks":40636,"value":40637,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How Push helps you ensure MFA coverage",{"data":40639,"content":40640,"nodeType":860},{},[40641],{"data":40642,"marks":40643,"value":40644,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s take a look at a hypothetical incident response scenario to see how Push’s identity visibility and security controls help you ensure MFA coverage.",{"data":40646,"content":40647,"nodeType":860},{},[40648],{"data":40649,"marks":40650,"value":40651,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ll assume that prior to this incident, you had already deployed the Push browser extension, which you can install and enforce using any MDM solution, on all major browsers.",{"data":40653,"content":40654,"nodeType":860},{},[40655],{"data":40656,"marks":40657,"value":40658,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s a Friday afternoon (sorry).",{"data":40660,"content":40661,"nodeType":860},{},[40662],{"data":40663,"marks":40664,"value":40665,"nodeType":864},{},[],"News breaks that there’s been a suspected breach at a popular enterprise SaaS service.",{"data":40667,"content":40668,"nodeType":860},{},[40669],{"data":40670,"marks":40671,"value":40672,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You’re familiar with the service, but you don’t believe it’s a core managed app at your organization. Unfortunately, that does not mean you don’t have accounts (sorry again).",{"data":40674,"content":40675,"nodeType":860},{},[40676],{"data":40677,"marks":40678,"value":40679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Push, you can:",{"data":40681,"content":40682,"nodeType":941},{},[40683,40702,40712,40739,40766],{"data":40684,"content":40685,"nodeType":945},{},[40686],{"data":40687,"content":40688,"nodeType":860},{},[40689,40693,40698],{"data":40690,"marks":40691,"value":40692,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Immediately check whether the Push extension has observed employee usage of the breached app. It will appear on the ",{"data":40694,"marks":40695,"value":40697,"nodeType":864},{},[40696],{"type":899},"Apps",{"data":40699,"marks":40700,"value":40701,"nodeType":864},{},[]," table. From this overview, you can see how many accounts Push has seen on that app and how they are accessing it (SSO vs. other methods, such as local password login).",{"data":40703,"content":40704,"nodeType":945},{},[40705],{"data":40706,"content":40707,"nodeType":860},{},[40708],{"data":40709,"marks":40710,"value":40711,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For those accounts on the breached app, you can quickly see whether they have MFA, and which methods are registered. To determine MFA status, the Push extension uses the existing user’s active session on an app to query that account’s MFA registration status using the app’s own API, providing a trustworthy verification. ",{"data":40713,"content":40714,"nodeType":945},{},[40715],{"data":40716,"content":40717,"nodeType":860},{},[40718,40722,40727,40731,40736],{"data":40719,"marks":40720,"value":40721,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also see whether the users’ passwords have any security issues, such as a verified stolen credential, or a password that’s weak or reused by filtering the ",{"data":40723,"marks":40724,"value":40726,"nodeType":864},{},[40725],{"type":899},"Accounts",{"data":40728,"marks":40729,"value":40730,"nodeType":864},{},[]," list for ",{"data":40732,"marks":40733,"value":40735,"nodeType":864},{},[40734],{"type":899},"Findings",{"data":40737,"marks":40738,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40740,"content":40741,"nodeType":945},{},[40742],{"data":40743,"content":40744,"nodeType":860},{},[40745,40749,40753,40757,40762],{"data":40746,"marks":40747,"value":40748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For accounts that lack MFA, you can then configure the ",{"data":40750,"marks":40751,"value":18331,"nodeType":864},{},[40752],{"type":899},{"data":40754,"marks":40755,"value":40756,"nodeType":864},{},[]," control from the ",{"data":40758,"marks":40759,"value":40761,"nodeType":864},{},[40760],{"type":899},"Controls",{"data":40763,"marks":40764,"value":40765,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page. This will prompt employees who lack MFA to set it up whenever they next use the app. In parallel, you can reach out to affected employees through your preferred comms channel and ask them to immediately register for MFA and change their password on the app. ",{"data":40767,"content":40768,"nodeType":945},{},[40769],{"data":40770,"content":40771,"nodeType":860},{},[40772,40776,40785],{"data":40773,"marks":40774,"value":40775,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Then use Push’s webhooks to monitor for MFA registrations and password changes to roll in, by querying the ",{"data":40777,"content":40779,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40778},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/webhooks-v1#operation/login-event",[40780],{"data":40781,"marks":40782,"value":40784,"nodeType":864},{},[40783],{"type":1455},"Login event",{"data":40786,"marks":40787,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":40789,"content":40793,"nodeType":996},{"target":40790},{"sys":40791},{"id":40792,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4OVJU6FRSVU9j1WB9NGyJ4",[],{"data":40795,"content":40796,"nodeType":860},{},[40797,40801,40805],{"data":40798,"marks":40799,"value":40800,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By combining visibility of your workforce identities — including granular context on their MFA registration status, MFA methods, and password security, even on unmanaged apps — with in-browser controls like ",{"data":40802,"marks":40803,"value":18331,"nodeType":864},{},[40804],{"type":899},{"data":40806,"marks":40807,"value":40808,"nodeType":864},{},[],", Push helps security teams respond quickly and with assurance that they have the right information and tools to remediate the issue.",{"data":40810,"content":40811,"nodeType":1009},{},[40812],{"data":40813,"marks":40814,"value":40815,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A closer look at MFA enforcement",{"data":40817,"content":40818,"nodeType":860},{},[40819,40823,40827],{"data":40820,"marks":40821,"value":40822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With the in-browser ",{"data":40824,"marks":40825,"value":18331,"nodeType":864},{},[40826],{"type":899},{"data":40828,"marks":40829,"value":40830,"nodeType":864},{},[]," control, we chose this approach to close the loop on missing MFA issues because:",{"data":40832,"content":40833,"nodeType":941},{},[40834,40844,40854],{"data":40835,"content":40836,"nodeType":945},{},[40837],{"data":40838,"content":40839,"nodeType":860},{},[40840],{"data":40841,"marks":40842,"value":40843,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It meets users where they are, in the most relevant context where they can successfully address the issue.",{"data":40845,"content":40846,"nodeType":945},{},[40847],{"data":40848,"content":40849,"nodeType":860},{},[40850],{"data":40851,"marks":40852,"value":40853,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It solves the problem of enforcing MFA on apps that are outside of administrative control — or that don’t provide any administrative controls to enforce MFA registration natively.",{"data":40855,"content":40856,"nodeType":945},{},[40857],{"data":40858,"content":40859,"nodeType":860},{},[40860],{"data":40861,"marks":40862,"value":40863,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s tenant-agnostic. That means that you can enforce MFA for a given app on all tenants of that app, even those free-tier or test tenants that you don’t know about and have no control over.",{"data":40865,"content":40866,"nodeType":860},{},[40867,40871,40875],{"data":40868,"marks":40869,"value":40870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a happy side effect, your compliance team will thank you for finally allowing them to attest to where MFA is ",{"data":40872,"marks":40873,"value":36592,"nodeType":864},{},[40874],{"type":2246},{"data":40876,"marks":40877,"value":40878,"nodeType":864},{},[]," enforced — with verified results, visible at the account level in Push’s admin reporting — across your environment.",{"data":40880,"content":40881,"nodeType":860},{},[40882],{"data":40883,"marks":40884,"value":40885,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s a closer look at how it works:",{"data":40887,"content":40888,"nodeType":860},{},[40889,40893,40897],{"data":40890,"marks":40891,"value":40892,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To enable MFA enforcement, use the configuration tile on the ",{"data":40894,"marks":40895,"value":40761,"nodeType":864},{},[40896],{"type":899},{"data":40898,"marks":40899,"value":40900,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page of the Push admin console and select which apps should require MFA registration. The control currently works with ~90 high-value apps, including Postman, Retool, Datadog, Atlassian, Okta, and others.",{"data":40902,"content":40906,"nodeType":996},{"target":40903},{"sys":40904},{"id":40905,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2sDbYZL4oJDxLMbYErJfIN",[],{"data":40908,"content":40909,"nodeType":860},{},[40910],{"data":40911,"marks":40912,"value":40913,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can then customize the message the employees will see.",{"data":40915,"content":40916,"nodeType":860},{},[40917],{"data":40918,"marks":40919,"value":40920,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the end-user side, employees will see a banner with your message as soon as they use an app where they lack MFA. ",{"data":40922,"content":40926,"nodeType":996},{"target":40923},{"sys":40924},{"id":40925,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"37aH1maXXkF8DxgjUod5dn",[],{"data":40928,"content":40929,"nodeType":860},{},[40930],{"data":40931,"marks":40932,"value":40933,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To complete MFA registration, the user can go directly to the app’s MFA registration page from a link in the banner (Push provides this link automatically, where one exists). The extension will query the user’s MFA status regularly in the background and when MFA registration is completed, the banner will disappear and the Push platform will clear the “No MFA” security finding for that account.",{"data":40935,"content":40939,"nodeType":996},{"target":40936},{"sys":40937},{"id":40938,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3yb4KjhH3AbvvSnfMbNONr",[],{"data":40941,"content":40942,"nodeType":1009},{},[40943],{"data":40944,"marks":40945,"value":40946,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Find out more",{"data":40948,"content":40949,"nodeType":860},{},[40950,40954,40961],{"data":40951,"marks":40952,"value":40953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To test our MFA visibility and control features, ",{"data":40955,"content":40956,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6914},[40957],{"data":40958,"marks":40959,"value":40960,"nodeType":864},{},[],"request a demo",{"data":40962,"marks":40963,"value":40964,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from our team. We look forward to helping you finally turn the challenge of MFA coverage into a simple problem, easily solved.","No more hard simple problems: Enforce MFA on third-party apps with Push","Using Push to enforce MFA on third-party apps in the browser — even where MFA enforcement isn't supported by the app itself.","2025-01-16T00:00:00.000Z","enforce-mfa-on-third-party-apps",{"items":40970},[40971,40973],{"sys":40972,"name":297},{"id":2732},{"sys":40974,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":40976},[40977],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":40978},{"url":853},{"__typename":2059,"sys":40980,"content":40982,"title":41466,"synopsis":41467,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":41468,"slug":41469,"tagsCollection":41470,"authorsCollection":41476},{"id":40981},"6jYmU1ROpwI41mmzk7ioKd",{"json":40983},{"data":40984,"content":40985,"nodeType":856},{},[40986,40993,41000,41003,41010,41044,41056,41081,41088,41091,41098,41105,41112,41118,41125,41155,41161,41168,41188,41194,41201,41207,41210,41217,41253,41260,41303,41310,41316,41323,41330,41333,41340,41347,41354,41373,41379,41386,41393,41400,41406,41413,41419,41422,41428,41435,41442],{"data":40987,"content":40988,"nodeType":860},{},[40989],{"data":40990,"marks":40991,"value":40992,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After more than two decades in cybersecurity, I’ve witnessed the evolution (and at times, devolution) of detection and response capabilities. I’ve sat in countless SOCs watching analysts drown in a sea of alerts, spent hours chasing false positives, and seen talented security professionals burn out from the relentless noise of low-fidelity detection systems. ",{"data":40994,"content":40995,"nodeType":860},{},[40996],{"data":40997,"marks":40998,"value":40999,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s a problem that’s reached crisis proportions, and it’s exactly why our approach to browser security represents not just a technological shift, but a philosophical one.",{"data":41001,"content":41002,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":41004,"content":41005,"nodeType":1009},{},[41006],{"data":41007,"marks":41008,"value":41009,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The alert fatigue epidemic",{"data":41011,"content":41012,"nodeType":860},{},[41013,41017,41022,41026,41031,41035,41040],{"data":41014,"marks":41015,"value":41016,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Early in my career, getting ",{"data":41018,"marks":41019,"value":41021,"nodeType":864},{},[41020],{"type":2246},"any",{"data":41023,"marks":41024,"value":41025,"nodeType":864},{},[]," alert felt like a victory. We were flying blind outside of our small windows of network traffic. But as the industry matured, something troubling happened: we began equating ",{"data":41027,"marks":41028,"value":41030,"nodeType":864},{},[41029],{"type":899},"volume",{"data":41032,"marks":41033,"value":41034,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with ",{"data":41036,"marks":41037,"value":41039,"nodeType":864},{},[41038],{"type":899},"value",{"data":41041,"marks":41042,"value":41043,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Vendors started competing on how many alerts they could generate, how much data they could collect, and how comprehensive their “visibility” could be. ",{"data":41045,"content":41046,"nodeType":860},{},[41047,41051],{"data":41048,"marks":41049,"value":41050,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security teams followed suit with operational metrics that captured how many alerts they’d resolved, how many “attacks” they’d stopped, and how many tickets they’d opened and closed in a given work cycle. But as many teams have now realized, ",{"data":41052,"marks":41053,"value":41055,"nodeType":864},{},[41054],{"type":899},"volume is a vanity metric; fidelity is what keeps you safe.",{"data":41057,"content":41058,"nodeType":860},{},[41059,41063,41072,41076],{"data":41060,"marks":41061,"value":41062,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In my course on ",{"data":41064,"content":41066,"nodeType":883},{"uri":41065},"https://www.sans.org/cyber-security-courses/building-leading-security-operations-centers",[41067],{"data":41068,"marks":41069,"value":41071,"nodeType":864},{},[41070],{"type":1455},"Building and Leading Security Operations teams",{"data":41073,"marks":41074,"value":41075,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we discuss the importance of analytic outcomes and addressing ineffective alerts to continuously improve fidelity. My students often find it hard to believe how much time and effort it takes to audit alert quality and implement continuous improvements on a large scale. This isn’t just an operational problem — it’s an existential threat to effective security. ",{"data":41077,"marks":41078,"value":41080,"nodeType":864},{},[41079],{"type":899},"When everything is an alert, nothing is. ",{"data":41082,"content":41083,"nodeType":860},{},[41084],{"data":41085,"marks":41086,"value":41087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And while we have been busy focusing on more (and occasionally, better) detections at the endpoint and network layers, attackers have shifted to infrastructure that isn’t as well-instrumented: SaaS and the browser.",{"data":41089,"content":41090,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":41092,"content":41093,"nodeType":1009},{},[41094],{"data":41095,"marks":41096,"value":41097,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser: a new frontier in detection and response",{"data":41099,"content":41100,"nodeType":860},{},[41101],{"data":41102,"marks":41103,"value":41104,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Today, the browser is the place where most cyber attacks happen. It’s where users interact with the applications that your business runs on, handle sensitive data, and unfortunately, where they encounter sophisticated phishing campaigns, credential harvesting attacks, and malicious downloads. ",{"data":41106,"content":41107,"nodeType":860},{},[41108],{"data":41109,"marks":41110,"value":41111,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yet for most security teams, the browser remains a black box, obscured from the view from the network and the endpoint. Even worse, attack models often applied to detection engineering for endpoint or network-centric threats don’t really apply; modern identity attacks skip entire phases of the attack chain, eliminating many detection opportunities along the way. The modern attack path doesn’t need to touch the endpoint or your network at all — it can happen entirely over the internet. ",{"data":41113,"content":41117,"nodeType":996},{"target":41114},{"sys":41115},{"id":41116,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4wYYgbKmmVAZTF7niXJEGc",[],{"data":41119,"content":41120,"nodeType":1312},{},[41121],{"data":41122,"marks":41123,"value":41124,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are exploiting the detection gap",{"data":41126,"content":41127,"nodeType":860},{},[41128,41132,41139,41143,41151],{"data":41129,"marks":41130,"value":41131,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You only need to look at in-the-wild breaches such as last year’s ",{"data":41133,"content":41134,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[41135],{"data":41136,"marks":41137,"value":36644,"nodeType":864},{},[41138],{"type":1455},{"data":41140,"marks":41141,"value":41142,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks, or the recent ",{"data":41144,"content":41145,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31422},[41146],{"data":41147,"marks":41148,"value":41150,"nodeType":864},{},[41149],{"type":1455},"Salesforce",{"data":41152,"marks":41153,"value":41154,"nodeType":864},{},[]," breaches to see the impact that attackers can have by executing attacks entirely over the internet, without touching traditional network devices or user endpoints. ",{"data":41156,"content":41160,"nodeType":996},{"target":41157},{"sys":41158},{"id":41159,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"VfTps3SGKJDlhFcmh42d9",[],{"data":41162,"content":41163,"nodeType":860},{},[41164],{"data":41165,"marks":41166,"value":41167,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But even in the context of more “conventional” attacks (e.g. the classic route of compromising an endpoint, moving laterally through an environment, taking control of a domain, and deploying ransomware), most of the time, these attacks begin in the browser with identities and cloud apps rather than exploit-driven initial access — such as with the recent attacks on Marks & Spencer, Co-op, and Jaguar Land Rover. ",{"data":41169,"content":41170,"nodeType":860},{},[41171,41175,41184],{"data":41172,"marks":41173,"value":41174,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the ",{"data":41176,"content":41178,"nodeType":883},{"uri":41177},"https://cloud.google.com/security/resources/insights/targeted-attack-lifecycle",[41179],{"data":41180,"marks":41181,"value":41183,"nodeType":864},{},[41182],{"type":1455},"attack cycle",{"data":41185,"marks":41186,"value":41187,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and similar mental models are valuable for planning in-depth detections of sophisticated, multi-stage attacks, focusing too heavily on them can lead to overlooked scenarios. These high-profile incidents have demonstrated the opportunity cost of neglecting visibility into attacks that don't perfectly align with these models. ",{"data":41189,"content":41193,"nodeType":996},{"target":41190},{"sys":41191},{"id":41192,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3TsKtoWuxQMFl1xd3w1j86",[],{"data":41195,"content":41196,"nodeType":860},{},[41197],{"data":41198,"marks":41199,"value":41200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Just as endpoint detection and response revolutionized host-based security by providing visibility and control directly at the point of attack, browser-based security platforms can do the same for web-borne threats. It’s an important addition to the detection and response stack that illuminates a “missing middle” in modern attack investigations, and intervenes in real time, much like traditional EDR did for the endpoint years ago.",{"data":41202,"content":41206,"nodeType":996},{"target":41203},{"sys":41204},{"id":41205,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1eCXGC6U6SdzHmOH1gv24O",[],{"data":41208,"content":41209,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":41211,"content":41212,"nodeType":1009},{},[41213],{"data":41214,"marks":41215,"value":41216,"nodeType":864},{},[],"High-fidelity detection: quality over quantity",{"data":41218,"content":41219,"nodeType":860},{},[41220,41224,41231,41235,41240,41244,41249],{"data":41221,"marks":41222,"value":41223,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our ",{"data":41225,"content":41226,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6955},[41227],{"data":41228,"marks":41229,"value":41230,"nodeType":864},{},[],"design philosophy",{"data":41232,"marks":41233,"value":41234,"nodeType":864},{},[]," centers on a principle often overlooked in the security industry: prioritizing actionable problems for security teams. This involves differentiating between \"",{"data":41236,"marks":41237,"value":41239,"nodeType":864},{},[41238],{"type":899},"events",{"data":41241,"marks":41242,"value":41243,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\" – environment data that may or may not be useful – and \"",{"data":41245,"marks":41246,"value":41248,"nodeType":864},{},[41247],{"type":899},"detections",{"data":41250,"marks":41251,"value":41252,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\" – high-fidelity, actionable signals with a negligible false positive rate. We also empower our customers with the ability to intervene in real-time when there are high-confidence indicators of an attack. We focus on detecting not atomic indicators, but on attacker tooling and behaviors.",{"data":41254,"content":41255,"nodeType":860},{},[41256],{"data":41257,"marks":41258,"value":41259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Compare this to traditional approaches that might generate alerts for:",{"data":41261,"content":41262,"nodeType":941},{},[41263,41273,41283,41293],{"data":41264,"content":41265,"nodeType":945},{},[41266],{"data":41267,"content":41268,"nodeType":860},{},[41269],{"data":41270,"marks":41271,"value":41272,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Visiting domains with low reputation scores (but not necessarily malicious)",{"data":41274,"content":41275,"nodeType":945},{},[41276],{"data":41277,"content":41278,"nodeType":860},{},[41279],{"data":41280,"marks":41281,"value":41282,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Downloading files that match certain heuristics (but may be legitimate)",{"data":41284,"content":41285,"nodeType":945},{},[41286],{"data":41287,"content":41288,"nodeType":860},{},[41289],{"data":41290,"marks":41291,"value":41292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Accessing new web applications (that may be approved, or tacitly allowed, shadow IT)",{"data":41294,"content":41295,"nodeType":945},{},[41296],{"data":41297,"content":41298,"nodeType":860},{},[41299],{"data":41300,"marks":41301,"value":41302,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Employee usernames, passwords, and email addresses for sale on the dark web (which may no longer be valid)",{"data":41304,"content":41305,"nodeType":860},{},[41306],{"data":41307,"marks":41308,"value":41309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These low-fidelity alerts create work without providing solutions. They force analysts to become investigators rather than responders, spending precious time determining whether an alert represents a genuine threat rather than focusing on mitigation and recovery. ",{"data":41311,"content":41315,"nodeType":996},{"target":41312},{"sys":41313},{"id":41314,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4MydcqvHnWsziCOPUNC3YS",[],{"data":41317,"content":41318,"nodeType":860},{},[41319],{"data":41320,"marks":41321,"value":41322,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Poor quality detections also present an easy opportunity for security teams to commit a cardinal sin: disrupting users and business processes without a clear justification for doing so. User trust and support should always be treated as a finite resource, and every account locked, website blocked, and laptop reimaged chips away at that resource. ",{"data":41324,"content":41325,"nodeType":860},{},[41326],{"data":41327,"marks":41328,"value":41329,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Likewise, the more disruptive, the more likely users will look for ways around said controls. If your users are actively working against you, and feel you are preventing them from doing their jobs, they’ll always find new and unexpected ways around security blocks. ",{"data":41331,"content":41332,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":41334,"content":41335,"nodeType":1009},{},[41336],{"data":41337,"marks":41338,"value":41339,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SOC analyst's perspective",{"data":41341,"content":41342,"nodeType":860},{},[41343],{"data":41344,"marks":41345,"value":41346,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most successful SOC analysts share a common trait: they’re extraordinarily good at quickly distinguishing signal from noise. But this skill shouldn’t be required! It’s a failure of our detection systems that we’re forcing human analysts to perform pattern matching that our technology should handle. ",{"data":41348,"content":41349,"nodeType":860},{},[41350],{"data":41351,"marks":41352,"value":41353,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But even for the most skilled analyst, it’s a tall order to ask your security team to also be experts in every cloud app your business relies on, making it even harder than normal to build context-driven alerts. Most of the time, the information required simply doesn't exist, with logs simply not available (generally, or at your product tier) or the work required to extract the logs and turn them into context-driven alerts hasn’t happened yet. If your team is under-resourced and drowning in low-fidelity alerts already, then realistically it might never happen. ",{"data":41355,"content":41356,"nodeType":860},{},[41357,41361,41369],{"data":41358,"marks":41359,"value":41360,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Effective browser security changes this dynamic. Instead of presenting analysts with hundreds of “suspicious web activity” alerts that require investigation, ",{"data":41362,"content":41363,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34651},[41364],{"data":41365,"marks":41366,"value":41368,"nodeType":864},{},[41367],{"type":1455},"our platform focuses on high-reliability indicators",{"data":41370,"marks":41371,"value":41372,"nodeType":864},{},[]," like whether a phishing kit was observed running on the page, or whether the page was cloned from a legitimate site. We even detect user behaviors that could indicate a risk in the context of a phishing attack, like when a user attempts to authenticate with credentials that have been previously used on another page — either a sign of credential reuse (bad) or a phishing attack (even worse) — at which point Push can be set to block the attack in real time. ",{"data":41374,"content":41378,"nodeType":996},{"target":41375},{"sys":41376},{"id":41377,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3998Iy2kp9MW0HFeqmo900",[],{"data":41380,"content":41381,"nodeType":1312},{},[41382],{"data":41383,"marks":41384,"value":41385,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser security provides a new layer of protection, reducing the risk of breach",{"data":41387,"content":41388,"nodeType":860},{},[41389],{"data":41390,"marks":41391,"value":41392,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attack detection has always been a cat-and-mouse game. For years, attackers have grappled with endpoint and network security vendors. And sometimes, the attackers win. The fact is that a lot of attacker innovation has gone into sandbox aware malware, breaking detection signatures, disabling security tools, and so on.    ",{"data":41394,"content":41395,"nodeType":860},{},[41396],{"data":41397,"marks":41398,"value":41399,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But with so many attacks now passing through the browser, defending it enables badness to be filtered out before it reaches the endpoint or network controls that attackers are looking to consciously evade. By preventing malware being delivered, or identities from being compromised, attacks otherwise crafted to evade traditional security controls can be intercepted early — making the crucial difference in whether a breach happens or not.",{"data":41401,"content":41405,"nodeType":996},{"target":41402},{"sys":41403},{"id":41404,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Bh7uOkeguNJFmJ1XUQ317",[],{"data":41407,"content":41408,"nodeType":860},{},[41409],{"data":41410,"marks":41411,"value":41412,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And when it comes to the cloud-centric attacks that attackers are finding so much success with today, this is in effect a net new capability. ",{"data":41414,"content":41418,"nodeType":996},{"target":41415},{"sys":41416},{"id":41417,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4JdaY8I3f6Ub2Kifc9Rsj9",[],{"data":41420,"content":41421,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":41423,"content":41424,"nodeType":1009},{},[41425],{"data":41426,"marks":41427,"value":23156,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":41429,"content":41430,"nodeType":860},{},[41431],{"data":41432,"marks":41433,"value":41434,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser represents one of the most significant opportunities in cybersecurity today. As we continue to expand our browser-based security capabilities, we remain committed to this high-fidelity approach. We’re building features that not only detect and prevent attacks but also provide security teams with the rich telemetry they need to develop custom queries and detections.",{"data":41436,"content":41437,"nodeType":860},{},[41438],{"data":41439,"marks":41440,"value":41441,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, ClickFixing, malicious browser extensions, and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. 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data from file shares, deploying ransomware, or both. ",{"data":42944,"content":42945,"nodeType":860},{},[42946],{"data":42947,"marks":42948,"value":42949,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But attacks have fundamentally changed as networks have evolved. With the SaaS-ification of enterprise IT, core business systems aren’t locally deployed and centrally managed in the way they used to be. Instead, they’re logged into over the internet, via a web browser.",{"data":42951,"content":42955,"nodeType":996},{"target":42952},{"sys":42953},{"id":42954,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4h4hUYAghbZavOwjRTnBe2",[],{"data":42957,"content":42958,"nodeType":860},{},[42959],{"data":42960,"marks":42961,"value":42962,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Under the shared responsibility model, the part that’s left to the business consuming a SaaS service is mostly constrained to how they manage identities — the vehicle by which the app is accessed and used by the workforce. It’s no surprise that this has become the soft underbelly in the crosshairs of attackers. ",{"data":42964,"content":42965,"nodeType":860},{},[42966,42970,42978,42982,42991],{"data":42967,"marks":42968,"value":42969,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve seen this time and again in the biggest breaches of recent years, with the highlights including the massive ",{"data":42971,"content":42972,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[42973],{"data":42974,"marks":42975,"value":42977,"nodeType":864},{},[42976],{"type":1455},"Snowflake campaign in 2024",{"data":42979,"marks":42980,"value":42981,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and the ",{"data":42983,"content":42985,"nodeType":883},{"uri":42984},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/key-takeaways-from-the-scattered-spider-attacks-on-insurance-firms/",[42986],{"data":42987,"marks":42988,"value":42990,"nodeType":864},{},[42989],{"type":1455},"2025 crime wave attributed to Scattered Spider",{"data":42992,"marks":42993,"value":42994,"nodeType":864},{},[],".   ",{"data":42996,"content":42997,"nodeType":860},{},[42998],{"data":42999,"marks":43000,"value":43001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These attacks are so successful because while attackers have moved with the changes to enterprise IT, security hasn’t really kept up. ",{"data":43003,"content":43007,"nodeType":996},{"target":43004},{"sys":43005},{"id":43006,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"xH0ZqgKQXCRRZGYVs6xt6",[],{"data":43009,"content":43010,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":43012,"content":43013,"nodeType":1009},{},[43014],{"data":43015,"marks":43016,"value":43018,"nodeType":864},{},[43017],{"type":899},"The browser is the new battleground — and a security blind spot",{"data":43020,"content":43021,"nodeType":860},{},[43022],{"data":43023,"marks":43024,"value":43025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Taking over workforce identities is the first objective for attackers looking to target an organization, and the browser is the place where the attacks against users happen. This is because it’s where these digital identities are created and used — and their credentials and sessions live. This is what the attacker wants to get their hands on. ",{"data":43027,"content":43028,"nodeType":860},{},[43029],{"data":43030,"marks":43031,"value":43032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen credentials can be used as part of targeted attacks or in broader credential stuffing (cycling known username and credential pairs against various apps and platforms), while stolen session tokens can be used to log in directly to an active session, bypassing the authentication process. ",{"data":43034,"content":43035,"nodeType":860},{},[43036,43040,43045,43048,43053,43056,43061,43064,43069,43072,43077,43081,43086],{"data":43037,"marks":43038,"value":43039,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are a few different techniques that attackers can use to get access to these identities. Attackers harvest stolen credentials from various places — ",{"data":43041,"marks":43042,"value":43044,"nodeType":864},{},[43043],{"type":899},"data breach dumps",{"data":43046,"marks":43047,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43049,"marks":43050,"value":43052,"nodeType":864},{},[43051],{"type":899},"mass",{"data":43054,"marks":43055,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43057,"marks":43058,"value":43060,"nodeType":864},{},[43059],{"type":899},"credential",{"data":43062,"marks":43063,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43065,"marks":43066,"value":43068,"nodeType":864},{},[43067],{"type":899},"phishing campaigns,",{"data":43070,"marks":43071,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43073,"marks":43074,"value":43076,"nodeType":864},{},[43075],{"type":899},"infostealer logs",{"data":43078,"marks":43079,"value":43080,"nodeType":864},{},[],", even ",{"data":43082,"marks":43083,"value":43085,"nodeType":864},{},[43084],{"type":899},"malicious browser extensions",{"data":43087,"marks":43088,"value":43089,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that they’ve tricked an employee into installing. In fact, the cyber crime ecosystem itself has shifted on its axis to cater to this, with hackers specifically taking on the role of harvesting credentials and establishing account access for others to exploit. ",{"data":43091,"content":43092,"nodeType":860},{},[43093,43097,43104],{"data":43094,"marks":43095,"value":43096,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The high-profile ",{"data":43098,"content":43099,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[43100],{"data":43101,"marks":43102,"value":36644,"nodeType":864},{},[43103],{"type":1455},{"data":43105,"marks":43106,"value":43107,"nodeType":864},{},[]," breaches in 2024 signalled a watershed moment in the shift to identity-driven breaches, where attackers logged into accounts across hundreds of customer tenants using stolen credentials. One of the primary sources of the stolen credentials used in the attacks were infostealer logs dating back to 2020 — breached passwords that hadn’t been rotated or mitigated with MFA. ",{"data":43109,"content":43110,"nodeType":860},{},[43111,43115],{"data":43112,"marks":43113,"value":43114,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Infostealers are notable because they’re an endpoint malware attack designed to harvest credentials and session tokens (often from the browser) to enable the attacker to then log into those services… through their own web browser. ",{"data":43116,"marks":43117,"value":43119,"nodeType":864},{},[43118],{"type":899},"So, even today’s endpoint attacks are seeing the attacker pivot back into the browser in order to get to identities — the key to the online apps and services where exploitable data and functionality now resides. ",{"data":43121,"content":43122,"nodeType":860},{},[43123],{"data":43124,"marks":43125,"value":43126,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The problem here is that this is a blind spot for the security tools we’re currently reliant upon — which don’t have the fine-grained visibility required. This is very similar to the challenge that the industry faced prior to the introduction of EDR in the 2010s — the main sources of data are looking from the outside-in, lacking the process-level visibility and context to be able to detect and stop attacks as they happen.",{"data":43128,"content":43132,"nodeType":996},{"target":43129},{"sys":43130},{"id":43131,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2qoMH6qCNJc7it7sTuKl4F",[],{"data":43134,"content":43135,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":43137,"content":43138,"nodeType":1009},{},[43139],{"data":43140,"marks":43141,"value":43143,"nodeType":864},{},[43142],{"type":899},"Identity is the prize, browser is the platform — and phishing is the weapon of choice",{"data":43145,"content":43146,"nodeType":860},{},[43147,43151,43156],{"data":43148,"marks":43149,"value":43150,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But the technique that’s STILL driving the most impactful identity-driven breaches? ",{"data":43152,"marks":43153,"value":43155,"nodeType":864},{},[43154],{"type":899},"It’s phishing",{"data":43157,"marks":43158,"value":43159,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Phishing for credentials, sessions, OAuth consent, authorization codes. Phishing via email, instant messenger, social media, malicious Google ads… it all happens in, or leads to, the browser. ",{"data":43161,"content":43165,"nodeType":996},{"target":43162},{"sys":43163},{"id":43164,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Gsd3G0sOibNxgVLimb2wV",[],{"data":43167,"content":43168,"nodeType":860},{},[43169],{"data":43170,"marks":43171,"value":43172,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And modern phishing attacks are more effective than ever. Today, phishing operates on an industrial scale, using an array of obfuscation and detection evasion techniques to block email and network security tools from intercepting them. Probably the most common example today is the use of bot protection (think CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile), using legitimate anti-spam features to block security tools. ",{"data":43174,"content":43178,"nodeType":996},{"target":43175},{"sys":43176},{"id":43177,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6M1My4lSKItu6Qdv4hO1RA",[],{"data":43180,"content":43181,"nodeType":860},{},[43182],{"data":43183,"marks":43184,"value":43185,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The latest generation of fully customized AitM phishing kits are dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom CAPTCHA, and using runtime anti-analysis features, making them increasingly difficult to detect. The ways in which links are delivered has also increased in sophistication, with more delivery channels (as we showed above) and the use of legitimate SaaS services for camouflage. ",{"data":43187,"content":43188,"nodeType":860},{},[43189,43193,43198,43202,43207,43211,43219],{"data":43190,"marks":43191,"value":43192,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And the latest trends indicate that attackers are responding to increasingly hardened IdP/SSO configuration by exploiting alternative phishing techniques that ",{"data":43194,"marks":43195,"value":43197,"nodeType":864},{},[43196],{"type":899},"circumvent MFA and passkeys",{"data":43199,"marks":43200,"value":43201,"nodeType":864},{},[],", most commonly by ",{"data":43203,"marks":43204,"value":43206,"nodeType":864},{},[43205],{"type":899},"downgrading to a phishable backup authentication method",{"data":43208,"marks":43209,"value":43210,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — which you can see in action below, and ",{"data":43212,"content":43213,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29070},[43214],{"data":43215,"marks":43216,"value":43218,"nodeType":864},{},[43217],{"type":1455},"read more about here",{"data":43220,"marks":43221,"value":40292,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43223,"content":43227,"nodeType":996},{"target":43224},{"sys":43225},{"id":43226,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"54I3YQ2gK26a8FIocQ3WYT",[],{"data":43229,"content":43230,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":43232,"content":43233,"nodeType":1009},{},[43234],{"data":43235,"marks":43236,"value":43238,"nodeType":864},{},[43237],{"type":899},"Identities are the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to aim for",{"data":43240,"content":43241,"nodeType":860},{},[43242],{"data":43243,"marks":43244,"value":43245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The goal of the modern attacker, and the easiest way into your business’s digital environment, is to compromise identities. Whether you’re dealing with phishing attacks, malicious browser extensions, or infostealer malware, the objective remains the same — account takeover. ",{"data":43247,"content":43248,"nodeType":860},{},[43249],{"data":43250,"marks":43251,"value":43252,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations are dealing with a vast and vulnerable attack surface consisting of:",{"data":43254,"content":43255,"nodeType":941},{},[43256,43278,43299,43319],{"data":43257,"content":43258,"nodeType":945},{},[43259],{"data":43260,"content":43261,"nodeType":860},{},[43262,43265,43274],{"data":43263,"marks":43264,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43266,"content":43268,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43267},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-many-vulnerable-identities-do-you-have/",[43269],{"data":43270,"marks":43271,"value":43273,"nodeType":864},{},[43272],{"type":1455},"Hundreds of applications, with thousands of accounts",{"data":43275,"marks":43276,"value":43277,"nodeType":864},{},[]," spread across the app estate.",{"data":43279,"content":43280,"nodeType":945},{},[43281],{"data":43282,"content":43283,"nodeType":860},{},[43284,43288,43296],{"data":43285,"marks":43286,"value":43287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Accounts vulnerable to MFA-bypass phishing kits, because they are using a login method that is not phishing-resistant, or because ",{"data":43289,"content":43290,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29070},[43291],{"data":43292,"marks":43293,"value":43295,"nodeType":864},{},[43294],{"type":1455},"the login method can be downgraded",{"data":43297,"marks":43298,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43300,"content":43301,"nodeType":945},{},[43302],{"data":43303,"content":43304,"nodeType":860},{},[43305,43309,43316],{"data":43306,"marks":43307,"value":43308,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Accounts with a weak, reused, or breached password and no MFA altogether (usually the result of a forgotten-about ",{"data":43310,"content":43311,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[43312],{"data":43313,"marks":43314,"value":34615,"nodeType":864},{},[43315],{"type":1455},{"data":43317,"marks":43318,"value":26415,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43320,"content":43321,"nodeType":945},{},[43322],{"data":43323,"content":43324,"nodeType":860},{},[43325,43329,43337,43340,43349,43353,43360,43363,43372],{"data":43326,"marks":43327,"value":43328,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Bypassing the authentication process entirely to evade otherwise phishing-resistant authentication methods, by abusing features like ",{"data":43330,"content":43331,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34597},[43332],{"data":43333,"marks":43334,"value":43336,"nodeType":864},{},[43335],{"type":1455},"API key creation",{"data":43338,"marks":43339,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43341,"content":43343,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43342},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/app_specific_password_phishing/description.md",[43344],{"data":43345,"marks":43346,"value":43348,"nodeType":864},{},[43347],{"type":1455},"app-specific passwords",{"data":43350,"marks":43351,"value":43352,"nodeType":864},{},[],", OAuth ",{"data":43354,"content":43355,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22555},[43356],{"data":43357,"marks":43358,"value":22561,"nodeType":864},{},[43359],{"type":1455},{"data":43361,"marks":43362,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43364,"content":43366,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43365},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/cross-idp_impersonation/description.md",[43367],{"data":43368,"marks":43369,"value":43371,"nodeType":864},{},[43370],{"type":1455},"cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":43373,"marks":43374,"value":43375,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and more.  ",{"data":43377,"content":43381,"nodeType":996},{"target":43378},{"sys":43379},{"id":43380,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3WFzina1t5j6bDlTlGQA0l",[],{"data":43383,"content":43384,"nodeType":860},{},[43385,43389,43398,43402,43409],{"data":43386,"marks":43387,"value":43388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A key driver of identity vulnerability is the ",{"data":43390,"content":43392,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43391},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/minimum-viable-identity-security/",[43393],{"data":43394,"marks":43395,"value":43397,"nodeType":864},{},[43396],{"type":1455},"huge variance in the configurability of accounts per application",{"data":43399,"marks":43400,"value":43401,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with different levels of centralized visibility and security control of identities provided — for example, while one app can be locked down to only accept SSO logins via SAML and automatically remove any unused passwords, another provides no control or visibility of login method or MFA status (another big driver of the ",{"data":43403,"content":43404,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[43405],{"data":43406,"marks":43407,"value":36644,"nodeType":864},{},[43408],{"type":1455},{"data":43410,"marks":43411,"value":43412,"nodeType":864},{},[]," breaches last year). Unfortunately, as a by-product of product-led growth and something that is compounded by every new SaaS startup that hits the market, this situation doesn’t look like it’s going to change anytime soon. ",{"data":43414,"content":43415,"nodeType":860},{},[43416],{"data":43417,"marks":43418,"value":43419,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The end result is that identities are misconfigured, invisible to the security team, and routinely exploited by commodity attacker tooling. It’s no surprise that they’re the primary target for attackers today. ",{"data":43421,"content":43422,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":43424,"content":43425,"nodeType":1009},{},[43426],{"data":43427,"marks":43428,"value":43430,"nodeType":864},{},[43429],{"type":899},"The solution: The browser as a telemetry source and control point",{"data":43432,"content":43433,"nodeType":860},{},[43434],{"data":43435,"marks":43436,"value":43437,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because identity attacks play out in the browser, it’s the perfect place for security teams to observe, intercept, and shut down these attacks. ",{"data":43439,"content":43440,"nodeType":860},{},[43441],{"data":43442,"marks":43443,"value":43444,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser has a number of advantages over the different places where identity can be observed and protected, because:",{"data":43446,"content":43447,"nodeType":941},{},[43448,43458,43468],{"data":43449,"content":43450,"nodeType":945},{},[43451],{"data":43452,"content":43453,"nodeType":860},{},[43454],{"data":43455,"marks":43456,"value":43457,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You aren’t limited to the apps and identities directly connected to your IdP (a fraction of your workforce identity sprawl). ",{"data":43459,"content":43460,"nodeType":945},{},[43461],{"data":43462,"content":43463,"nodeType":860},{},[43464],{"data":43465,"marks":43466,"value":43467,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You aren’t limited to the apps that you know about and manage centrally — you can observe every login that passes through the browser.",{"data":43469,"content":43470,"nodeType":945},{},[43471],{"data":43472,"content":43473,"nodeType":860},{},[43474,43478,43482],{"data":43475,"marks":43476,"value":43477,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can observe all the properties of a login, including the login method, MFA method, etc. You’d otherwise need API access to ",{"data":43479,"marks":43480,"value":35523,"nodeType":864},{},[43481],{"type":2246},{"data":43483,"marks":43484,"value":43485,"nodeType":864},{},[]," get this information (depending on whether an API is provided and whether this specific data can be interrogated, also not standard for many apps). ",{"data":43487,"content":43488,"nodeType":860},{},[43489,43493,43498,43502,43510],{"data":43490,"marks":43491,"value":43492,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s obvious with all that we’ve covered so far that fixing every identity vulnerability is an ominous task — the SaaS ecosystem itself is working against you. ",{"data":43494,"marks":43495,"value":43497,"nodeType":864},{},[43496],{"type":899},"This is why detecting and responding to identity attacks is essential. ",{"data":43499,"marks":43500,"value":43501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because identity compromise almost always involves phishing or social engineering a user to perform an action in their browser (with some exceptions — like the ",{"data":43503,"content":43504,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31853},[43505],{"data":43506,"marks":43507,"value":43509,"nodeType":864},{},[43508],{"type":1455},"Scattered Spider-related help desk attacks",{"data":43511,"marks":43512,"value":43513,"nodeType":864},{},[]," seen recently), it’s also the perfect place to monitor for and intercept attacks. ",{"data":43515,"content":43516,"nodeType":860},{},[43517],{"data":43518,"marks":43519,"value":43520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the browser, you gather deep, contextualized information about page behavior and user inputs that can be used to detect and shut down risky scenarios in real time. Take the example of phishing pages. Because Push operates in the browser, it sees everything:",{"data":43522,"content":43523,"nodeType":941},{},[43524,43534,43544,43554,43577,43587],{"data":43525,"content":43526,"nodeType":945},{},[43527],{"data":43528,"content":43529,"nodeType":860},{},[43530],{"data":43531,"marks":43532,"value":43533,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The page layout.",{"data":43535,"content":43536,"nodeType":945},{},[43537],{"data":43538,"content":43539,"nodeType":860},{},[43540],{"data":43541,"marks":43542,"value":43543,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where the user came from (through the whole redirect chain).",{"data":43545,"content":43546,"nodeType":945},{},[43547],{"data":43548,"content":43549,"nodeType":860},{},[43550],{"data":43551,"marks":43552,"value":43553,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Page interaction events — e.g. tabs opened and closed, popup windows, forms submitted, etc.",{"data":43555,"content":43556,"nodeType":945},{},[43557],{"data":43558,"content":43559,"nodeType":860},{},[43560,43564,43573],{"data":43561,"marks":43562,"value":43563,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The password they enter ",{"data":43565,"content":43567,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43566},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10043/#how-push-securely-analyzes-passwords",[43568],{"data":43569,"marks":43570,"value":43572,"nodeType":864},{},[43571],{"type":1455},"(as a salted, abbreviated hash)",{"data":43574,"marks":43575,"value":43576,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and whether a password was typed or copied, and where from.",{"data":43578,"content":43579,"nodeType":945},{},[43580],{"data":43581,"content":43582,"nodeType":860},{},[43583],{"data":43584,"marks":43585,"value":43586,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What scripts are running on the page and whether they are potentially malicious.",{"data":43588,"content":43589,"nodeType":945},{},[43590],{"data":43591,"content":43592,"nodeType":860},{},[43593],{"data":43594,"marks":43595,"value":43596,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where credentials are being sent.",{"data":43598,"content":43602,"nodeType":996},{"target":43599},{"sys":43600},{"id":43601,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6kQejVS63FQ6Oy8nIm6UlV",[],{"data":43604,"content":43605,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":43607,"content":43608,"nodeType":1009},{},[43609],{"data":43610,"marks":43611,"value":29517,"nodeType":864},{},[43612],{"type":899},{"data":43614,"content":43615,"nodeType":860},{},[43616],{"data":43617,"marks":43618,"value":43619,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity attacks are the biggest unsolved problem facing security teams today and the leading cause of security breaches. At the same time, the browser presents security teams with all the tools they need to prevent, detect, and respond to identity-based attacks — proactively by finding and fixing identity vulnerabilities, and reactively by detecting and blocking attacks against users in real time. ",{"data":43621,"content":43622,"nodeType":860},{},[43623,43627,43636],{"data":43624,"marks":43625,"value":43626,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations need to move past the old ways of doing identity security — relying on MFA attestations, identity management dashboards, and ",{"data":43628,"content":43630,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43629},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/three-reasons-why-browser-is-best-for-stopping-phishing-attacks/",[43631],{"data":43632,"marks":43633,"value":43635,"nodeType":864},{},[43634],{"type":1455},"legacy email and network anti-phishing tools",{"data":43637,"marks":43638,"value":43639,"nodeType":864},{},[],". And there’s no better place to stop these attacks than in the browser. ",{"data":43641,"content":43642,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":43644,"content":43645,"nodeType":1009},{},[43646],{"data":43647,"marks":43648,"value":40946,"nodeType":864},{},[43649],{"type":899},{"data":43651,"content":43652,"nodeType":860},{},[43653],{"data":43654,"marks":43655,"value":43656,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive detection and response capabilities against the leading cause of breaches. Push blocks identity attacks like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across the apps that your employees use, like ghost logins, SSO coverage gaps, MFA gaps, vulnerable passwords, risky OAuth integrations, and more.",{"data":43658,"content":43659,"nodeType":860},{},[43660,43663,43670],{"data":43661,"marks":43662,"value":34722,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":43664,"content":43665,"nodeType":883},{"uri":1700},[43666],{"data":43667,"marks":43668,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[43669],{"type":1455},{"data":43671,"marks":43672,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How the browser became the main cyber battleground","How attacks have moved away from endpoints and internal networks to the browser — a blind spot for traditional security tools.","2025-08-15T00:00:00.000Z","how-the-browser-became-the-main-cyber-battleground",{"items":43678},[43679,43681],{"sys":43680,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":43682,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":43684},[43685],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":43686},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":43688,"content":43689,"title":15294,"synopsis":44338,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":44339,"slug":15295,"tagsCollection":44340,"authorsCollection":44346},{"id":6348},{"json":43690},{"data":43691,"content":43692,"nodeType":856},{},[43693,43700,43707,43731,43737,43744,43751,43754,43761,43781,43787,43794,43835,43842,43849,43856,43863,43870,43877,43896,43904,43907,43914,43921,43928,43935,43942,43949,43956,44004,44011,44018,44025,44045,44052,44059,44066,44073,44080,44087,44094,44111,44129,44172,44179,44186,44251,44258,44261,44268,44284,44303,44310,44316,44322,44325,44331],{"data":43694,"content":43695,"nodeType":860},{},[43696],{"data":43697,"marks":43698,"value":43699,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The field of threat detection and security monitoring has changed significantly over the last decade. Security tools and product categories have been added and replaced, specialist disciplines established, and methodologies created. ",{"data":43701,"content":43702,"nodeType":860},{},[43703],{"data":43704,"marks":43705,"value":43706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Naturally, defenders have had to mature their approach because of the changing nature of the threat facing organizations. Attackers have always looked for new ways to target their victims, and naturally, defenders have had to adapt, forcing attackers to change things up… it’s a cat and mouse game. ",{"data":43708,"content":43709,"nodeType":860},{},[43710,43714,43722,43726],{"data":43711,"marks":43712,"value":43713,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blue teamers have used the concept of the ",{"data":43715,"content":43717,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43716},"https://detect-respond.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-pyramid-of-pain.html",[43718],{"data":43719,"marks":43720,"value":6354,"nodeType":864},{},[43721],{"type":1455},{"data":43723,"marks":43724,"value":43725,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for over a decade. The logic is simple: ",{"data":43727,"marks":43728,"value":43730,"nodeType":864},{},[43729],{"type":899},"Focus on detecting and responding to indicators that are hard for attackers to change. ",{"data":43732,"content":43736,"nodeType":996},{"target":43733},{"sys":43734},{"id":43735,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6cG2fx3AikwptyEyXKrYCK",[],{"data":43738,"content":43739,"nodeType":860},{},[43740],{"data":43741,"marks":43742,"value":43743,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If an attacker only has to tweak a variable to get around your detection rule, like adding a space to change a hash value, it’s probably not a very good detection. It’s not going to remain effective for long and you’re always going to be one step behind the attacker – waiting for them to make their next move so you can react. This usually ends up meaning that attackers enjoy at least some success before they can be shut out again. ",{"data":43745,"content":43746,"nodeType":860},{},[43747],{"data":43748,"marks":43749,"value":43750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Pyramid of Pain – and the goal of implementing hard-to-bypass detections that hit attackers where it hurts – is central to our design philosophy. But before we get into how we apply this approach, and the types of controls we’ve created as a result, it’s useful to look at how IT and security have changed since the Pyramid was created more than a decade ago. ",{"data":43752,"content":43753,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":43755,"content":43756,"nodeType":1009},{},[43757],{"data":43758,"marks":43759,"value":43760,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A new era for cyber security",{"data":43762,"content":43763,"nodeType":860},{},[43764,43768,43777],{"data":43765,"marks":43766,"value":43767,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve spoken a lot about how we’re in the midst of a new era in cybersecurity, in which identity is now the outermost digital perimeter for security teams to defend. (",{"data":43769,"content":43771,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43770},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/the-new-saas-cyber-kill-chain-so-con-2024/",[43772],{"data":43773,"marks":43774,"value":43776,"nodeType":864},{},[43775],{"type":1455},"You’ll be familiar with this if you’ve seen any of Luke’s talks on the New SaaS Cyber Kill Chain.",{"data":43778,"marks":43779,"value":43780,"nodeType":864},{},[],") ",{"data":43782,"content":43786,"nodeType":996},{"target":43783},{"sys":43784},{"id":43785,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6nYSZAYpsbj78jKm0q75zs",[],{"data":43788,"content":43789,"nodeType":860},{},[43790],{"data":43791,"marks":43792,"value":43793,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is primarily because modern working is no longer contained to a heavily centralized corporate network, and instead happens primarily in applications accessed over the internet via web browser.",{"data":43795,"content":43796,"nodeType":860},{},[43797,43801,43808,43812,43819,43823,43831],{"data":43798,"marks":43799,"value":43800,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this new world, attacks don’t even have to touch the old perimeters, because all the data and functionality they could want exists on the public internet. As a result, we’re seeing more and more ",{"data":43802,"content":43803,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12742},[43804],{"data":43805,"marks":43806,"value":43807,"nodeType":864},{},[],"attacks targeting SaaS apps",{"data":43809,"marks":43810,"value":43811,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with the entire attack chain being concluded outside customer networks, not touching any traditional endpoints or networks. The ",{"data":43813,"content":43814,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13277},[43815],{"data":43816,"marks":43817,"value":43818,"nodeType":864},{},[],"recent attacks on Snowflake customers",{"data":43820,"marks":43821,"value":43822,"nodeType":864},{},[],", hailed ",{"data":43824,"content":43826,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43825},"https://www.wired.com/story/snowflake-breach-advanced-auto-parts-lendingtree/",[43827],{"data":43828,"marks":43829,"value":43830,"nodeType":864},{},[],"one of the biggest breaches in history",{"data":43832,"marks":43833,"value":43834,"nodeType":864},{},[],", demonstrate this risk all too well. ",{"data":43836,"content":43837,"nodeType":860},{},[43838],{"data":43839,"marks":43840,"value":43841,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This creates a problem for security teams looking to detect and respond to these attacks. ",{"data":43843,"content":43844,"nodeType":1312},{},[43845],{"data":43846,"marks":43847,"value":43848,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attacks today are shorter and faster, but just as dangerous",{"data":43850,"content":43851,"nodeType":860},{},[43852],{"data":43853,"marks":43854,"value":43855,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and responding to identity attacks – phishing, credential stuffing, etc. – used to be just one possible method of initial access in quite a lengthy Kill Chain that stretched from the compromise of the user device, pivoting to internal network resources, escalating privileges, moving laterally, and finally achieving their objectives.",{"data":43857,"content":43858,"nodeType":860},{},[43859],{"data":43860,"marks":43861,"value":43862,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This meant that defenders could adopt an assumed compromise mentality and build layered detections, as well as proactively hunting for threats across these various stages and layers of the network. The more actions an attacker has to perform, the more opportunities for detection, and the higher the likelihood that they’ll be caught in the act before any real, lasting damage can be caused. ",{"data":43864,"content":43865,"nodeType":860},{},[43866],{"data":43867,"marks":43868,"value":43869,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Today, attackers have a lot of opportunities to cause significant damage for much less effort than before. For example, if the goal is to compromise an app like Snowflake and dump the data from it, the Kill Chain is way shorter than a traditional network-based attack. And all the great tools and security products you have, like EDR, don’t come into play. ",{"data":43871,"content":43872,"nodeType":860},{},[43873],{"data":43874,"marks":43875,"value":43876,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means that the initial layer of anti-account takeover controls are much more important in this context. But, the historical detections in this space – email gateway security products, analyzing web pages for malicious content, and URL blocklisting – are either less relevant, or built upon easy to bypass detections toward the bottom of the Pyramid of Pain. ",{"data":43878,"content":43879,"nodeType":860},{},[43880,43884,43892],{"data":43881,"marks":43882,"value":43883,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As an example, ",{"data":43885,"content":43887,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection/",[43888],{"data":43889,"marks":43890,"value":43891,"nodeType":864},{},[],"we recently published an article on all the ways that AitM phishing sites are evading detection",{"data":43893,"marks":43894,"value":43895,"nodeType":864},{},[],". TL;DR – there are a lot, and they seem to be quite effective. But this is partly because the majority of the detections they're trying to avoid are built on shaky ground.   ",{"data":43897,"content":43898,"nodeType":860},{},[43899],{"data":43900,"marks":43901,"value":43903,"nodeType":864},{},[43902],{"type":899},"So what? Well, it’s clear that the controls that the industry has relied on in the past to stop identity attacks are too easy to bypass, and are no longer sufficient. ",{"data":43905,"content":43906,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":43908,"content":43909,"nodeType":1009},{},[43910],{"data":43911,"marks":43912,"value":43913,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Building effective identity threat detection controls",{"data":43915,"content":43916,"nodeType":860},{},[43917],{"data":43918,"marks":43919,"value":43920,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now we’ve covered the problem that we set out to solve, let’s look at what we’re doing differently. ",{"data":43922,"content":43923,"nodeType":860},{},[43924],{"data":43925,"marks":43926,"value":43927,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In order to climb the Pyramid toward the apex, you need to find ways to detect increasingly generic parts of an attack technique. So you want to avoid things like what a specific malware’s code looks like, or where it connects back to. But what the malware does, or what happens when it runs, is more generic, and therefore more interesting to us.  ",{"data":43929,"content":43930,"nodeType":860},{},[43931],{"data":43932,"marks":43933,"value":43934,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The shift from static code signatures and fuzzy hashes to dynamic analysis of what code does on a live system is at the heart of why EDR killed antivirus a decade ago. It proved at-scale the value of moving detections up the pyramid.",{"data":43936,"content":43937,"nodeType":860},{},[43938],{"data":43939,"marks":43940,"value":43941,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re always on the lookout for ways to move our detections up the pyramid as well. It’s easiest to explain how we’ve applied this by looking at an example. ",{"data":43943,"content":43944,"nodeType":1312},{},[43945],{"data":43946,"marks":43947,"value":43948,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scenario: Detecting a web-based phishing attack",{"data":43950,"content":43951,"nodeType":860},{},[43952],{"data":43953,"marks":43954,"value":43955,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s break down the stages of a web-based phishing attack as an example. For a user to be successfully phished:",{"data":43957,"content":43958,"nodeType":941},{},[43959,43974,43989],{"data":43960,"content":43961,"nodeType":945},{},[43962],{"data":43963,"content":43964,"nodeType":860},{},[43965,43970],{"data":43966,"marks":43967,"value":43969,"nodeType":864},{},[43968],{"type":899},"Stage 1:",{"data":43971,"marks":43972,"value":43973,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The victim must be lured to visit a website.",{"data":43975,"content":43976,"nodeType":945},{},[43977],{"data":43978,"content":43979,"nodeType":860},{},[43980,43985],{"data":43981,"marks":43982,"value":43984,"nodeType":864},{},[43983],{"type":899},"Stage 2:",{"data":43986,"marks":43987,"value":43988,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The website must somehow trick or convince the user that it’s legitimate and trustworthy, for example by mimicking a legitimate site.",{"data":43990,"content":43991,"nodeType":945},{},[43992],{"data":43993,"content":43994,"nodeType":860},{},[43995,44000],{"data":43996,"marks":43997,"value":43999,"nodeType":864},{},[43998],{"type":899},"Stage 3:",{"data":44001,"marks":44002,"value":44003,"nodeType":864},{},[]," The user must enter their actual credentials into that website.",{"data":44005,"content":44006,"nodeType":860},{},[44007],{"data":44008,"marks":44009,"value":44010,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, how might you go about detecting this attack? Let’s start from the bottom of the pyramid and work our way up.",{"data":44012,"content":44013,"nodeType":1312},{},[44014],{"data":44015,"marks":44016,"value":44017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stage 1: Determining if a URL, IP, or domain is bad",{"data":44019,"content":44020,"nodeType":860},{},[44021],{"data":44022,"marks":44023,"value":44024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might start by looking for the lure – historically an email. You could look for links in emails, or links in attachments in an email and then check if they are bad (which is essentially what email security products do). You could look for known-bad URLs in emails, but these change for every phishing campaign. In modern attacks, every target can receive a unique email and link. Even just using a URL shortener can bypass this. It’s equivalent to a malware hash – trivial to change, and therefore not a great thing to pin your detections on. ",{"data":44026,"content":44027,"nodeType":860},{},[44028,44032,44041],{"data":44029,"marks":44030,"value":44031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You could look at which IP address the user connects to, but these days it’s very simple for attackers to add a new IP to their cloud-hosted server. If a domain is flagged as known-bad, the attacker only has to register a new domain, or compromise a WordPress server on an already trusted domain. Both of these things are ",{"data":44033,"content":44035,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44034},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/revolver-rabbit-gang-registers-500-000-domains-for-malware-campaigns/",[44036],{"data":44037,"marks":44038,"value":44040,"nodeType":864},{},[44039],{"type":1455},"happening on a massive scale",{"data":44042,"marks":44043,"value":44044,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as attackers pre-plan for the fact that their domains will be burned at some point. Attackers are more than happy to spend $10-$20 per new domain in the grand scheme of the potential proceeds of crime. ",{"data":44046,"content":44047,"nodeType":860},{},[44048],{"data":44049,"marks":44050,"value":44051,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But there’s a more fundamental flaw here – for defenders to know that a URL, IP, or domain name is bad, it needs to be reported first. When are things reported? Typically after being used in an attack – so unfortunately, someone always gets hurt.  ",{"data":44053,"content":44054,"nodeType":1312},{},[44055],{"data":44056,"marks":44057,"value":44058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stage 2: Determining if a site is legitimate",{"data":44060,"content":44061,"nodeType":860},{},[44062],{"data":44063,"marks":44064,"value":44065,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So how can we detect a phishing website, on day-zero, the first time anyone runs into it? Well we can look at the second step – does the URL resemble a real website, does the HTML code for a page look similar to a legitimate login page for a known website, is it loading the same image files? This is not trivial to detect, but with the right fuzzy matches and image analysis it can be automated.",{"data":44067,"content":44068,"nodeType":860},{},[44069],{"data":44070,"marks":44071,"value":44072,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve now moved up a level on the Pyramid – we’re detecting website artifacts. If we see a legitimate looking website on an unknown domain, it’s likely to be a malicious clone.",{"data":44074,"content":44075,"nodeType":860},{},[44076],{"data":44077,"marks":44078,"value":44079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unfortunately, the attacker’s website doesn’t need to send each visitor to the same website. It can change dynamically based on where the visitor is coming from – or even randomly, so that not all visitors are served the phishing page. This means that tools which resolve where the links in emails go to be able to analyze them (such as email security appliances) don’t necessarily see the same site the user is actually visiting – a fact that is commonly abused by attackers to bypass detection. It’s critical that detection happens on the actual web page that the victim sees.",{"data":44081,"content":44082,"nodeType":1312},{},[44083],{"data":44084,"marks":44085,"value":44086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stage 3: Detecting the user entering their credentials",{"data":44088,"content":44089,"nodeType":860},{},[44090],{"data":44091,"marks":44092,"value":44093,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For a phishing attack to succeed, the victim must enter their actual credentials into the webpage. If you can stop the user entering their real password, there’s no attack. There’s no getting around it. ",{"data":44095,"content":44096,"nodeType":860},{},[44097,44101,44108],{"data":44098,"marks":44099,"value":44100,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, this is exactly what we did: Earlier this year, we released a control which ",{"data":44102,"content":44103,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},[44104],{"data":44105,"marks":44106,"value":44107,"nodeType":864},{},[],"stops users from entering their password belonging to a particular login page anywhere else",{"data":44109,"marks":44110,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44112,"content":44113,"nodeType":860},{},[44114,44118,44125],{"data":44115,"marks":44116,"value":44117,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Seems simple, right? By focusing on this generic action, that always has to happen, you can essentially stop your users being phished altogether. This means, it doesn’t matter ",{"data":44119,"content":44120,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[44121],{"data":44122,"marks":44123,"value":44124,"nodeType":864},{},[],"what the attacker does before that point",{"data":44126,"marks":44127,"value":44128,"nodeType":864},{},[],":",{"data":44130,"content":44131,"nodeType":941},{},[44132,44142,44152,44162],{"data":44133,"content":44134,"nodeType":945},{},[44135],{"data":44136,"content":44137,"nodeType":860},{},[44138],{"data":44139,"marks":44140,"value":44141,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn't matter if they run the site using Cloudflare Workers to block automatic analysis.",{"data":44143,"content":44144,"nodeType":945},{},[44145],{"data":44146,"content":44147,"nodeType":860},{},[44148],{"data":44149,"marks":44150,"value":44151,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they hack a WordPress blog to get a reputable domain.",{"data":44153,"content":44154,"nodeType":945},{},[44155],{"data":44156,"content":44157,"nodeType":860},{},[44158],{"data":44159,"marks":44160,"value":44161,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they use clever redirects and rotate the URLs delivered to the user.",{"data":44163,"content":44164,"nodeType":945},{},[44165],{"data":44166,"content":44167,"nodeType":860},{},[44168],{"data":44169,"marks":44170,"value":44171,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t matter if they randomize the HTML title for the web page. ",{"data":44173,"content":44174,"nodeType":860},{},[44175],{"data":44176,"marks":44177,"value":44178,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They can’t avoid the fact that a user is required to enter their credentials on the page for the attack to succeed. ",{"data":44180,"content":44181,"nodeType":860},{},[44182],{"data":44183,"marks":44184,"value":44185,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, when you apply the Pyramid of Pain to some of the controls we’ve shipped this year, we get a clear feel for the value, from highest to lowest:",{"data":44187,"content":44188,"nodeType":941},{},[44189,44209,44230],{"data":44190,"content":44191,"nodeType":945},{},[44192],{"data":44193,"content":44194,"nodeType":860},{},[44195,44199,44206],{"data":44196,"marks":44197,"value":44198,"nodeType":864},{},[],"User Behavior: ",{"data":44200,"content":44201,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},[44202],{"data":44203,"marks":44204,"value":44205,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking the user behavior of entering their password into any site that the password doesn’t belong to",{"data":44207,"marks":44208,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44210,"content":44211,"nodeType":945},{},[44212],{"data":44213,"content":44214,"nodeType":860},{},[44215,44219,44227],{"data":44216,"marks":44217,"value":44218,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tool Behavior: ",{"data":44220,"content":44222,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44221},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-cloned-login-page-detection/",[44223],{"data":44224,"marks":44225,"value":44226,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting when a login page that you access is cloned from a legitimate page.",{"data":44228,"marks":44229,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44231,"content":44232,"nodeType":945},{},[44233],{"data":44234,"content":44235,"nodeType":860},{},[44236,44240,44248],{"data":44237,"marks":44238,"value":44239,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tool Signature: ",{"data":44241,"content":44243,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44242},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-aitm-phishing-toolkit-detection-powered-by-the-push-browser/",[44244],{"data":44245,"marks":44246,"value":44247,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking access to a page with a known phishing kit signature present on the page",{"data":44249,"marks":44250,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":44252,"content":44253,"nodeType":860},{},[44254],{"data":44255,"marks":44256,"value":44257,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Naturally, we want to continue focusing on the apex of the Pyramid – at TTPs and Tools – to ensure that the controls we build are as robust as possible, and can’t be bypassed by attackers. ",{"data":44259,"content":44260,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":44262,"content":44263,"nodeType":1009},{},[44264],{"data":44265,"marks":44266,"value":44267,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The power of the Push browser agent",{"data":44269,"content":44270,"nodeType":860},{},[44271,44275,44280],{"data":44272,"marks":44273,"value":44274,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might ask: ",{"data":44276,"marks":44277,"value":44279,"nodeType":864},{},[44278],{"type":899},"If it’s so simple, why hasn’t this been done yet?",{"data":44281,"marks":44282,"value":44283,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Well, before now, there was no good way of doing it! Teams simply didn’t have tools in the right place to be able to capture the level of data needed, or respond effectively (i.e. automatically, at the point of impact). ",{"data":44285,"content":44286,"nodeType":860},{},[44287,44291,44299],{"data":44288,"marks":44289,"value":44290,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where being in the browser comes into play. The browser is a great place to observe the behavior of a page in real time, without needing to reconstruct decrypted HTTP data post-TLS termination and try to guess what the rendered page in all its Javascript-infused glory actually does, ",{"data":44292,"content":44294,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44293},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension/",[44295],{"data":44296,"marks":44297,"value":44298,"nodeType":864},{},[],"as we’ve blogged about previously",{"data":44300,"marks":44301,"value":44302,"nodeType":864},{},[],". 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What was once the familiar backbone of business IT — internal apps and thick clients — has been replaced with a sprawling cloud and SaaS ecosystem that can be targeted directly via identity, without touching the endpoint. ",{"data":46168,"content":46172,"nodeType":996},{"target":46169},{"sys":46170},{"id":46171,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2F2p4eTMCHo3LfNQJZeGWB",[],{"data":46174,"content":46175,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":46177,"content":46178,"nodeType":1009},{},[46179],{"data":46180,"marks":46181,"value":46183,"nodeType":864},{},[46182],{"type":899},"Why detection and response hasn’t kept up with threat evolution",{"data":46185,"content":46186,"nodeType":860},{},[46187],{"data":46188,"marks":46189,"value":46190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This shift in attacker TTPs is forcing a change in how we handle detection and response. ",{"data":46192,"content":46193,"nodeType":860},{},[46194,46198,46207],{"data":46195,"marks":46196,"value":46197,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But a lot of organizations are still applying the same old playbooks to this new world where identity attacks are the ",{"data":46199,"content":46201,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46200},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/2024-identity-attacks",[46202],{"data":46203,"marks":46204,"value":46206,"nodeType":864},{},[46205],{"type":1455},"leading cause of breaches",{"data":46208,"marks":46209,"value":46210,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with uneven outcomes. ",{"data":46212,"content":46213,"nodeType":860},{},[46214],{"data":46215,"marks":46216,"value":46217,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t because of a lack of effort or skill on the part of security teams. It’s a reflection of the tools that have been available. ",{"data":46219,"content":46220,"nodeType":860},{},[46221],{"data":46222,"marks":46223,"value":46224,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s look at some of the ways detection and response hasn’t kept up with the evolution of browser-borne threats in this new landscape.",{"data":46226,"content":46227,"nodeType":1312},{},[46228],{"data":46229,"marks":46230,"value":46231,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Incomplete identity visibility ",{"data":46233,"content":46234,"nodeType":860},{},[46235],{"data":46236,"marks":46237,"value":46238,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Today’s cloud identity providers see a fraction of the overall logins your users make to online apps, compared to the comprehensive visibility of Active Directory in the old world. You don’t know where users are logging in, how they’re logging in, or whether these logins are securely using phishing-resistant methods.",{"data":46240,"content":46244,"nodeType":996},{"target":46241},{"sys":46242},{"id":46243,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1SUYueQct7dtWwLh3AaAtA",[],{"data":46246,"content":46247,"nodeType":860},{},[46248],{"data":46249,"marks":46250,"value":46251,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means that identity attacks are routinely bypassing preventative, account hygiene-based controls, putting the strain on detection and response. ",{"data":46253,"content":46254,"nodeType":1312},{},[46255],{"data":46256,"marks":46257,"value":46258,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Limited detection coverage ",{"data":46260,"content":46261,"nodeType":860},{},[46262],{"data":46263,"marks":46264,"value":46265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Email and network security tools got pretty good at intercepting old-school phishing attacks like the ones from our proverbial time capsule: static HTML pages delivered over email that could be intercepted and analyzed when entering the mailbox or being loaded by the user. ",{"data":46267,"content":46268,"nodeType":860},{},[46269,46273,46282,46286,46290],{"data":46270,"marks":46271,"value":46272,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But with modern phishing attacks dynamically obfuscating the code that loads the web page, implementing custom bot protection, and using runtime anti-analysis features, they’re ",{"data":46274,"content":46275,"nodeType":883},{"uri":7024},[46276],{"data":46277,"marks":46278,"value":46281,"nodeType":864},{},[46279,46280],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"increasingly difficult to detect",{"data":46283,"marks":46284,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[46285],{"type":899},{"data":46287,"marks":46288,"value":46289,"nodeType":864},{},[],"using conventional tools",{"data":46291,"marks":46292,"value":42994,"nodeType":864},{},[46293],{"type":899},{"data":46295,"content":46296,"nodeType":860},{},[46297],{"data":46298,"marks":46299,"value":46300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Of course, email-based detections aren’t much use if attackers are using legitimate services to camouflage their links, or bypassing email altogether by switching to alternative delivery channels like messaging apps (such as Slack and Teams), as well as public services like LinkedIn and Reddit. ",{"data":46302,"content":46303,"nodeType":860},{},[46304,46308,46315],{"data":46305,"marks":46306,"value":46307,"nodeType":864},{},[],"More recently, groups like ",{"data":46309,"content":46310,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35775},[46311],{"data":46312,"marks":46313,"value":21339,"nodeType":864},{},[46314],{"type":1455},{"data":46316,"marks":46317,"value":46318,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have even been seen using malvertising techniques, delivering phishing links masquerading as paid Google ads.",{"data":46320,"content":46321,"nodeType":1312},{},[46322],{"data":46323,"marks":46324,"value":46325,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Inadequate security logs",{"data":46327,"content":46328,"nodeType":860},{},[46329],{"data":46330,"marks":46331,"value":46332,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you fail to spot the attack pre-account takeover, you’re reliant on being able to detect and investigate suspicious or malicious activity resulting from the compromise. ",{"data":46334,"content":46335,"nodeType":860},{},[46336,46340,46349],{"data":46337,"marks":46338,"value":46339,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This was more straightforward (if not easy) when you had the luxury of a ",{"data":46341,"content":46343,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46342},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-itdr/",[46344],{"data":46345,"marks":46346,"value":46348,"nodeType":864},{},[46347],{"type":1455},"typical on-prem network to fall back",{"data":46350,"marks":46351,"value":46352,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on. But with cloud exploitation taking place in a matter of minutes, you don’t get much warning — and your endpoint and network-based alarms can’t help you. ",{"data":46354,"content":46355,"nodeType":860},{},[46356,46360,46369],{"data":46357,"marks":46358,"value":46359,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The situation is further complicated by the fact that you simply don’t have the logs you need because of the huge variability in how cloud and SaaS services provide logs (with many ",{"data":46361,"content":46363,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46362},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/minimum-viable-identity-security/#id-enable-security-teams-to-detect-and-respond-to-identity-attacks",[46364],{"data":46365,"marks":46366,"value":46368,"nodeType":864},{},[46367],{"type":1455},"failing to provide security logs",{"data":46370,"marks":46371,"value":46372,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with relevant data points at all). So chances are you’re flying blind when it comes to large chunks of your business app suite. ",{"data":46374,"content":46375,"nodeType":860},{},[46376,46380,46388],{"data":46377,"marks":46378,"value":46379,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ultimately, you’re stuck with what you can observe — typically network traffic. But ",{"data":46381,"content":46382,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44293},[46383],{"data":46384,"marks":46385,"value":46387,"nodeType":864},{},[46386],{"type":1455},"even with a TLS-terminating proxy",{"data":46389,"marks":46390,"value":46391,"nodeType":864},{},[],", extracting fine-grained identity data points isn’t really achievable. You’re looking from the outside-in at malicious activity that’s happening in the user’s browser and trying to infer what happened.  ",{"data":46393,"content":46397,"nodeType":996},{"target":46394},{"sys":46395},{"id":46396,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7FMdHtbE63GMCavObETf3O",[],{"data":46399,"content":46400,"nodeType":1312},{},[46401],{"data":46402,"marks":46403,"value":46404,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Spotty control enforcement",{"data":46406,"content":46407,"nodeType":860},{},[46408,46412,46417],{"data":46409,"marks":46410,"value":46411,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And in the case that you do identify that a user clicked a malicious link and ",{"data":46413,"marks":46414,"value":46416,"nodeType":864},{},[46415],{"type":2246},"maybe ",{"data":46418,"marks":46419,"value":46420,"nodeType":864},{},[],"entered their credentials into the page — now what? ",{"data":46422,"content":46423,"nodeType":860},{},[46424],{"data":46425,"marks":46426,"value":46427,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can reset the account in the affected app, ideally terminating active sessions — which may or may not be possible, depending on the app. This might take a while if you don’t centrally manage the app, and involve some painful emergency phone calls to employees. ",{"data":46429,"content":46430,"nodeType":860},{},[46431],{"data":46432,"marks":46433,"value":46434,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What about apps where the same password is reused? ",{"data":46436,"content":46437,"nodeType":860},{},[46438],{"data":46439,"marks":46440,"value":46441,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Or if it’s an IdP account used for SSO, what about the other apps that might be accessible now? ",{"data":46443,"content":46444,"nodeType":860},{},[46445,46449,46457],{"data":46446,"marks":46447,"value":46448,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If the attacker has created stealthy backdoors that persist through credential changes (like ",{"data":46450,"content":46451,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[46452],{"data":46453,"marks":46454,"value":46456,"nodeType":864},{},[46455],{"type":1455},"creating an API key or a malicious OAuth integration",{"data":46458,"marks":46459,"value":46460,"nodeType":864},{},[],") they could still be lurking in your environment.",{"data":46462,"content":46463,"nodeType":860},{},[46464],{"data":46465,"marks":46466,"value":46468,"nodeType":864},{},[46467],{"type":899},"Suddenly, you’re not dealing with one possible control point, you’re dealing with several. ",{"data":46470,"content":46471,"nodeType":860},{},[46472],{"data":46473,"marks":46474,"value":46475,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And if you can’t trace the attack back to a source — because your email solution missed it, or it didn’t come via email, how can you triage the impact to other users? ",{"data":46477,"content":46478,"nodeType":860},{},[46479],{"data":46480,"marks":46481,"value":46482,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s no wonder that security teams are struggling to adapt. ",{"data":46484,"content":46485,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":46487,"content":46488,"nodeType":1009},{},[46489],{"data":46490,"marks":46491,"value":46493,"nodeType":864},{},[46492],{"type":899},"How Push is solving modern identity investigations in the browser",{"data":46495,"content":46496,"nodeType":860},{},[46497],{"data":46498,"marks":46499,"value":46500,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The good news? We’ve seen this phenomenon play out before: In the early 2010s, in fact, when AV evolved into EDR. What was the big innovation then? Getting inside the data stream, in real time, and detecting and responding from a much higher-fidelity source of telemetry.",{"data":46502,"content":46503,"nodeType":860},{},[46504],{"data":46505,"marks":46506,"value":46507,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This time around, security teams need tools that take them inside the browser layer.",{"data":46509,"content":46510,"nodeType":860},{},[46511],{"data":46512,"marks":46513,"value":46514,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This approach gives you the right vantage point to defend against and investigate browser-based identity attacks, providing access to:",{"data":46516,"content":46517,"nodeType":941},{},[46518,46528,46538,46548],{"data":46519,"content":46520,"nodeType":945},{},[46521],{"data":46522,"content":46523,"nodeType":860},{},[46524],{"data":46525,"marks":46526,"value":46527,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full decrypted HTTP traffic — not just DNS and TCP/IP metadata",{"data":46529,"content":46530,"nodeType":945},{},[46531],{"data":46532,"content":46533,"nodeType":860},{},[46534],{"data":46535,"marks":46536,"value":46537,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full user interaction tracing — every click, keystroke, or DOM change",{"data":46539,"content":46540,"nodeType":945},{},[46541],{"data":46542,"content":46543,"nodeType":860},{},[46544],{"data":46545,"marks":46546,"value":46547,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full inspection at every layer of execution, not just the initial HTML served",{"data":46549,"content":46550,"nodeType":945},{},[46551],{"data":46552,"content":46553,"nodeType":860},{},[46554],{"data":46555,"marks":46556,"value":46557,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full access to browser APIs, to correlate with browser history, local storage, cookies, etc.",{"data":46559,"content":46563,"nodeType":996},{"target":46560},{"sys":46561},{"id":46562,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5qt0s8e1TIEUxhU1GzFO63",[],{"data":46565,"content":46566,"nodeType":860},{},[46567],{"data":46568,"marks":46569,"value":46570,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With this data, teams have the information they need to respond to and investigate browser-based attacks. But to become valuable, this data needs a translation layer that turns it from raw logs into actionable information.",{"data":46572,"content":46573,"nodeType":860},{},[46574,46578,46582],{"data":46575,"marks":46576,"value":46577,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s where Push’s ",{"data":46579,"marks":46580,"value":46117,"nodeType":864},{},[46581],{"type":899},{"data":46583,"marks":46584,"value":46585,"nodeType":864},{},[]," capability comes in. With it, you can:",{"data":46587,"content":46588,"nodeType":941},{},[46589,46625,46635,46645,46655,46665],{"data":46590,"content":46591,"nodeType":945},{},[46592],{"data":46593,"content":46594,"nodeType":860},{},[46595,46599,46608,46612,46621],{"data":46596,"marks":46597,"value":46598,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get alerted in your platform of choice (via the Push admin console, ",{"data":46600,"content":46602,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46601},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/send-webhook-events-to-slack/",[46603],{"data":46604,"marks":46605,"value":46607,"nodeType":864},{},[46606],{"type":1455},"Slack integration",{"data":46609,"marks":46610,"value":46611,"nodeType":864},{},[],", or your ",{"data":46613,"content":46615,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46614},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/connect-to-siem-or-soar/",[46616],{"data":46617,"marks":46618,"value":46620,"nodeType":864},{},[46619],{"type":1455},"SIEM/SOAR",{"data":46622,"marks":46623,"value":46624,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of choice) whenever Push detects a browser-based attack, such as AiTM phishing or a cloned login page.",{"data":46626,"content":46627,"nodeType":945},{},[46628],{"data":46629,"content":46630,"nodeType":860},{},[46631],{"data":46632,"marks":46633,"value":46634,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Review a curated timeline of the incident: Where a phishing link originated; whether a user entered their credentials on the page; what kind of phishkit was used; and whether the attack was blocked by Push.",{"data":46636,"content":46637,"nodeType":945},{},[46638],{"data":46639,"content":46640,"nodeType":860},{},[46641],{"data":46642,"marks":46643,"value":46644,"nodeType":864},{},[],"See all the other impacted accounts and apps that shared a password with the phished account so you can remediate them.",{"data":46646,"content":46647,"nodeType":945},{},[46648],{"data":46649,"content":46650,"nodeType":860},{},[46651],{"data":46652,"marks":46653,"value":46654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"See a screenshot captured by the Push browser extension of the phishing page, so you can see exactly what the user saw before the page disappears.",{"data":46656,"content":46657,"nodeType":945},{},[46658],{"data":46659,"content":46660,"nodeType":860},{},[46661],{"data":46662,"marks":46663,"value":46664,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get additional context from urlscan.io about the domains connected to the incident, helping you understand whether a domain has been reported as malicious by other users, when it was registered, and how many times it’s been scanned.",{"data":46666,"content":46667,"nodeType":945},{},[46668],{"data":46669,"content":46670,"nodeType":860},{},[46671],{"data":46672,"marks":46673,"value":46674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Interrogate and send this telemetry to your SIEM for you to operationalize it as part of SecOps workflows and hunt across events for similar incident characteristics.",{"data":46676,"content":46680,"nodeType":996},{"target":46677},{"sys":46678},{"id":46679,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5iPYWpPx4IZ2M1DykQiWsN",[],{"data":46682,"content":46683,"nodeType":1312},{},[46684],{"data":46685,"marks":46686,"value":46687,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser context",{"data":46689,"content":46690,"nodeType":860},{},[46691],{"data":46692,"marks":46693,"value":46694,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With Push, there’s no more: ",{"data":46696,"content":46697,"nodeType":941},{},[46698,46708,46718,46728,46738,46748],{"data":46699,"content":46700,"nodeType":945},{},[46701],{"data":46702,"content":46703,"nodeType":860},{},[46704],{"data":46705,"marks":46706,"value":46707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Waiting (and hoping) that a browser-based attack gets recognized and reported by a user.",{"data":46709,"content":46710,"nodeType":945},{},[46711],{"data":46712,"content":46713,"nodeType":860},{},[46714],{"data":46715,"marks":46716,"value":46717,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Guesswork as to exactly what happened on the phishing page. ",{"data":46719,"content":46720,"nodeType":945},{},[46721],{"data":46722,"content":46723,"nodeType":860},{},[46724],{"data":46725,"marks":46726,"value":46727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Struggling to get your hands on a live version of the page to see if it was actually malicious and getting thwarted because the attacker used a one-time phishing link. ",{"data":46729,"content":46730,"nodeType":945},{},[46731],{"data":46732,"content":46733,"nodeType":860},{},[46734],{"data":46735,"marks":46736,"value":46737,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Manually tracing the attack to see if it arrived by email so you can quarantine the messages. ",{"data":46739,"content":46740,"nodeType":945},{},[46741],{"data":46742,"content":46743,"nodeType":860},{},[46744],{"data":46745,"marks":46746,"value":46747,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Trawling through voluminous proxy logs for scraps of information (who else visited the link; where did it originate; etc.).",{"data":46749,"content":46750,"nodeType":945},{},[46751],{"data":46752,"content":46753,"nodeType":860},{},[46754],{"data":46755,"marks":46756,"value":46757,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Spending precious time on urlscan or VirusTotal to get basic context on a domain or IP address. ",{"data":46759,"content":46760,"nodeType":860},{},[46761],{"data":46762,"marks":46763,"value":46764,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead, Push gives you all the information you need in one place to investigate and respond. ",{"data":46766,"content":46767,"nodeType":860},{},[46768],{"data":46769,"marks":46770,"value":46771,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The foundation for these detections is the Push browser agent, which can be silently installed in all major browsers in your environment to begin streaming information about a user’s entire identity footprint. ",{"data":46773,"content":46774,"nodeType":860},{},[46775],{"data":46776,"marks":46777,"value":46778,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This valuable telemetry, combined with Push’s out-of-the-box controls and detections, gives you a seat on the user’s side of the equation, capturing reliable information about network requests, scripts loaded by a malicious website, and what a user clicked and navigated to: the ingredients for showing you how a browser-based attack unfolded, start to finish.",{"data":46780,"content":46784,"nodeType":996},{"target":46781},{"sys":46782},{"id":46783,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7ylgcaNDrxYhw7bULixM1C",[],{"data":46786,"content":46787,"nodeType":860},{},[46788],{"data":46789,"marks":46790,"value":46791,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push raises a detection when it observes a phishing attack or when a user attempts to visit a blocked URL. 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This means security teams can see the visual characteristics of the page even if it’s since been taken down (and no more looking at bot protection screens like Cloudflare Turnstile on urlscan). ",{"data":46807,"content":46811,"nodeType":996},{"target":46808},{"sys":46809},{"id":46810,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"58HPrc7wImm3mLxPK0yJOG",[],{"data":46813,"content":46814,"nodeType":1312},{},[46815],{"data":46816,"marks":46817,"value":46818,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blast radius analysis for all impacted accounts & apps",{"data":46820,"content":46821,"nodeType":860},{},[46822],{"data":46823,"marks":46824,"value":46825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With Push’s knowledge of your workforce identities — based on observing logins in the browser that use corporate credentials — the platform can also provide an analysis of the blast radius of an attack by showing you where other accounts and apps are impacted or at risk.",{"data":46827,"content":46828,"nodeType":860},{},[46829],{"data":46830,"marks":46831,"value":46832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This information helps you understand the true impact of an incident so you can remediate all affected accounts.",{"data":46834,"content":46838,"nodeType":996},{"target":46835},{"sys":46836},{"id":46837,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"77e8XMl2Rb0p7ZrG2wmURO",[],{"data":46840,"content":46841,"nodeType":860},{},[46842,46846,46854],{"data":46843,"marks":46844,"value":46845,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push is able to provide this blast radius analysis by ",{"data":46847,"content":46848,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43566},[46849],{"data":46850,"marks":46851,"value":46853,"nodeType":864},{},[46852],{"type":1455},"securely fingerprinting users’ passwords",{"data":46855,"marks":46856,"value":46857,"nodeType":864},{},[]," when a login is observed; 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Groups like Scattered Spider have been seen using ",{"data":48678,"content":48679,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23554},[48680],{"data":48681,"marks":48682,"value":441,"nodeType":864},{},[48683],{"type":1455},{"data":48685,"marks":48686,"value":48687,"nodeType":864},{},[]," techniques, delivering phishing links via paid Google ads, while phishing campaigns are frequently encountered in ",{"data":48689,"content":48691,"nodeType":883},{"uri":48690},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/instant-messenger/",[48692],{"data":48693,"marks":48694,"value":48696,"nodeType":864},{},[48695],{"type":1455},"IM apps",{"data":48698,"marks":48699,"value":48700,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (such as Slack and Teams), as well as ",{"data":48702,"content":48703,"nodeType":883},{"uri":33445},[48704],{"data":48705,"marks":48706,"value":48708,"nodeType":864},{},[48707],{"type":1455},"public messaging services",{"data":48710,"marks":48711,"value":48712,"nodeType":864},{},[]," like LinkedIn messenger and Reddit — bypassing email altogether. ",{"data":48714,"content":48715,"nodeType":860},{},[48716,48720,48729,48733,48740],{"data":48717,"marks":48718,"value":48719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The latest trends indicate that attackers are responding to increasingly hardened IdP/SSO configuration by using alternative phishing techniques that circumvent MFA and passkeys, either by ",{"data":48721,"content":48723,"nodeType":883},{"uri":48722},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/mfa-downgrade/",[48724],{"data":48725,"marks":48726,"value":48728,"nodeType":864},{},[48727],{"type":1455},"downgrading to a backup (less secure) authentication method",{"data":48730,"marks":48731,"value":48732,"nodeType":864},{},[],", or sidestepping the legitimate auth process entirely through methods like ",{"data":48734,"content":48735,"nodeType":883},{"uri":23598},[48736],{"data":48737,"marks":48738,"value":22561,"nodeType":864},{},[48739],{"type":1455},{"data":48741,"marks":48742,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48744,"content":48745,"nodeType":860},{},[48746,48750,48759],{"data":48747,"marks":48748,"value":48749,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers have also realized how much valuable data exists in Shadow SaaS highlighted by major SaaS breaches impacting apps like Snowflake. This is driving ",{"data":48751,"content":48753,"nodeType":883},{"uri":48752},"https://phishing-techniques.pushsecurity.com/techniques/saas-admins/",[48754],{"data":48755,"marks":48756,"value":48758,"nodeType":864},{},[48757],{"type":1455},"broader targeting against apps like Slack, Mailchimp, Postman, GitHub, and other commonly-used business apps directly",{"data":48760,"marks":48761,"value":48762,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — bypassing IdPs (MS, Google, Okta, etc.) that typically have more robust authentication controls in place.",{"data":48764,"content":48767,"nodeType":996},{"target":48765},{"sys":48766},{"id":35539,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":48769,"content":48770,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":48772,"content":48773,"nodeType":1009},{},[48774],{"data":48775,"marks":48776,"value":48778,"nodeType":864},{},[48777],{"type":899},"Using the phishing detection evasion techniques matrix",{"data":48780,"content":48781,"nodeType":860},{},[48782],{"data":48783,"marks":48784,"value":48785,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With so much attacker innovation happening in the phishing space, it’s tricky for security teams and solution vendors to have a big picture view of the subtle changes attackers are making to their phishing attacks, and precisely why they’re doing it — or more specifically, which detection techniques they’re evading. ",{"data":48787,"content":48788,"nodeType":860},{},[48789],{"data":48790,"marks":48791,"value":48792,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you look at one of the many phishing kit teardowns found in security blogs online (including our own) it can be hard to see the wood for the trees when it comes to understanding why a phishing page behaves in the way it does — why is it behaving in this way? What control exactly is this trying to get around? ",{"data":48794,"content":48795,"nodeType":860},{},[48796],{"data":48797,"marks":48798,"value":48799,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By creating a simple framework breaking down the categories of a phishing attack into phases, each with its own specific attacker objective, we can better understand phishing kit behavior and track meaningful changes over time. This ensures that we understand how we need to adapt to as an industry in order to detect and block these attacks. ",{"data":48801,"content":48802,"nodeType":860},{},[48803],{"data":48804,"marks":48805,"value":48806,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The matrix covers the following categories:",{"data":48808,"content":48809,"nodeType":941},{},[48810,48825,48840,48855,48870,48885,48900,48915],{"data":48811,"content":48812,"nodeType":945},{},[48813],{"data":48814,"content":48815,"nodeType":860},{},[48816,48821],{"data":48817,"marks":48818,"value":48820,"nodeType":864},{},[48819],{"type":899},"Phase 1: Targeting",{"data":48822,"marks":48823,"value":48824,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — Identifying apps and users to evade security controls and achieve the shortest time-to-impact of a phishing attack. ",{"data":48826,"content":48827,"nodeType":945},{},[48828],{"data":48829,"content":48830,"nodeType":860},{},[48831,48836],{"data":48832,"marks":48833,"value":48835,"nodeType":864},{},[48834],{"type":899},"Phase 2: Link delivery",{"data":48837,"marks":48838,"value":48839,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — Deliver links using phishing vectors that evade traditional security controls. ",{"data":48841,"content":48842,"nodeType":945},{},[48843],{"data":48844,"content":48845,"nodeType":860},{},[48846,48851],{"data":48847,"marks":48848,"value":48850,"nodeType":864},{},[48849],{"type":899},"Phase 3: Link camouflage",{"data":48852,"marks":48853,"value":48854,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — Masking malicious links to prevent detection at the email, network proxy, or safe browsing layer. ",{"data":48856,"content":48857,"nodeType":945},{},[48858],{"data":48859,"content":48860,"nodeType":860},{},[48861,48866],{"data":48862,"marks":48863,"value":48865,"nodeType":864},{},[48864],{"type":899},"Phase 4: TI evasion ",{"data":48867,"marks":48868,"value":48869,"nodeType":864},{},[],"— Preventing TI feeds from flagging and blocking known-bad domains by masking or changing elements likely to be flagged.",{"data":48871,"content":48872,"nodeType":945},{},[48873],{"data":48874,"content":48875,"nodeType":860},{},[48876,48881],{"data":48877,"marks":48878,"value":48880,"nodeType":864},{},[48879],{"type":899},"Phase 5: Anti-analysis",{"data":48882,"marks":48883,"value":48884,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — Techniques to defeat automated “sandbox” analysis tools by preventing security teams and bots from accessing the page.",{"data":48886,"content":48887,"nodeType":945},{},[48888],{"data":48889,"content":48890,"nodeType":860},{},[48891,48896],{"data":48892,"marks":48893,"value":48895,"nodeType":864},{},[48894],{"type":899},"Phase 6: Page obfuscation",{"data":48897,"marks":48898,"value":48899,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — Obfuscating page elements to break detection signatures analysing page content and code. ",{"data":48901,"content":48902,"nodeType":945},{},[48903],{"data":48904,"content":48905,"nodeType":860},{},[48906,48911],{"data":48907,"marks":48908,"value":48910,"nodeType":864},{},[48909],{"type":899},"Phase 7: Defeat MFA & CA",{"data":48912,"marks":48913,"value":48914,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — Defeat authentication and access controls in order to successfully execute the phishing attack.",{"data":48916,"content":48917,"nodeType":945},{},[48918],{"data":48919,"content":48920,"nodeType":860},{},[48921,48926],{"data":48922,"marks":48923,"value":48925,"nodeType":864},{},[48924],{"type":899},"Phase 8: Account takeover",{"data":48927,"marks":48928,"value":48929,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — Achieve a form of account takeover and conclude the identity attack, enabling further exploitation to take place.",{"data":48931,"content":48932,"nodeType":860},{},[48933],{"data":48934,"marks":48935,"value":48936,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Combining techniques and approaches from these categories is what enables attackers to bypass the majority of phishing detection controls they encounter today. You typically find that the more advanced the phishing kit / attacker, the more techniques they’ll leverage. And as phishing infrastructure becomes increasingly templated and commodified with as-a-Service or for-hire models, the average phishing attack will employ more of these measures to counter security controls. ",{"data":48938,"content":48939,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":48941,"content":48942,"nodeType":1009},{},[48943],{"data":48944,"marks":48945,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[48946],{"type":899},{"data":48948,"content":48949,"nodeType":860},{},[48950,48953,48961],{"data":48951,"marks":48952,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48954,"content":48955,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20474},[48956],{"data":48957,"marks":48958,"value":48960,"nodeType":864},{},[48959],{"type":1455},"You can find the matrix here.",{"data":48962,"marks":48963,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48965,"content":48966,"nodeType":860},{},[48967,48971,48978],{"data":48968,"marks":48969,"value":48970,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to learn more about the research that led us to this point, and our take on how and why phishing attacks have evolved, ",{"data":48972,"content":48973,"nodeType":883},{"uri":37740},[48974],{"data":48975,"marks":48976,"value":48977,"nodeType":864},{},[],"you can also check out our latest whitepaper. ",{"data":48979,"marks":48980,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":48982,"content":48983,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":48985,"content":48986,"nodeType":1009},{},[48987],{"data":48988,"marks":48989,"value":48991,"nodeType":864},{},[48990],{"type":899},"Get involved!",{"data":48993,"content":48994,"nodeType":860},{},[48995,48999,49005],{"data":48996,"marks":48997,"value":48998,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Like the ",{"data":49000,"content":49001,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[49002],{"data":49003,"marks":49004,"value":12747,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":49006,"marks":49007,"value":49008,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we’d love to see the security community using and helping us to maintain this resource to ensure it stays up to date with techniques as they evolve. ",{"data":49010,"content":49011,"nodeType":860},{},[49012],{"data":49013,"marks":49014,"value":49015,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unlike the SaaS matrix, which we’ve seen mostly leveraged by offensive security practitioners, phishing detection evasion techniques are most useful to blue teamers looking to assess current detection capabilities and understand why certain attacks got through existing defenses. ",{"data":49017,"content":49018,"nodeType":860},{},[49019,49023,49031],{"data":49020,"marks":49021,"value":49022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’d like to add techniques you’ve observed or examples that you think demonstrate them, ",{"data":49024,"content":49026,"nodeType":883},{"uri":49025},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/phishing-techniques",[49027],{"data":49028,"marks":49029,"value":49030,"nodeType":864},{},[],"get involved on GitHub!",{"data":49032,"marks":49033,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Introducing our guide to phishing detection evasion techniques","Introducing our latest resource for security teams breaking down the techniques that modern phishing attacks are using to evade detection. 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awareness grows around many MFA methods being “phishable” (i.e. not phishing resistant), passwordless authentication methods are being increasingly advocated. ",{"data":50477,"content":50478,"nodeType":860},{},[50479],{"data":50480,"marks":50481,"value":50482,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a good thing. The most commonly used MFA factors (like SMS codes, push notifications, and app-based OTP) are routinely bypassed, with modern reverse-proxy phishing kits the most common method. ",{"data":50484,"content":50488,"nodeType":996},{"target":50485},{"sys":50486},{"id":50487,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"ImwzE2R9qaHaqlWn0GqIa",[],{"data":50490,"content":50491,"nodeType":860},{},[50492,50496,50501,50505,50510],{"data":50493,"marks":50494,"value":50495,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Often referred to as a “passkey”, passwordless authentication typically consists of a hardware security device that is built-into your laptop (e.g. the fingerprint sensor on a laptop) or something you plug into your device (e.g. a Yubikey). Because passkey-based logins are domain-bound, trying to use a passkey for ",{"data":50497,"marks":50498,"value":50500,"nodeType":864},{},[50499],{"type":1455},"microsoft.com",{"data":50502,"marks":50503,"value":50504,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on ",{"data":50506,"marks":50507,"value":50509,"nodeType":864},{},[50508],{"type":1455},"phishing.com",{"data":50511,"marks":50512,"value":50513,"nodeType":864},{},[]," simply won’t generate the correct value to pass the authentication check, even when proxied using an AitM kit. ",{"data":50515,"content":50516,"nodeType":860},{},[50517,50521,50530],{"data":50518,"marks":50519,"value":50520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, attackers have realized that even as these new phishing-resistant methods are starting to become used, most users still have alternative MFA methods active. The attacker can then do what’s called a ",{"data":50522,"content":50523,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40544},[50524],{"data":50525,"marks":50526,"value":50529,"nodeType":864},{},[50527,50528],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"downgrade attack",{"data":50531,"marks":50532,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50534,"content":50535,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":50537,"content":50538,"nodeType":1009},{},[50539],{"data":50540,"marks":50541,"value":50543,"nodeType":864},{},[50542],{"type":899},"Downgrade attacks 101",{"data":50545,"content":50546,"nodeType":860},{},[50547],{"data":50548,"marks":50549,"value":50550,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When conducting an Attacker-in-the-Middle phishing attack, the attacker doesn’t need to relay 100% of the messages accurately. Instead, they can alter some of them. The app might ask the user “You need to MFA — do you want to use your passkey, or your backup authenticator code?”, but the phishing website might modify this page to say “You need to MFA — use your backup authenticator code” not giving you the option to use your secure passkey. This is called a downgrade attack.",{"data":50552,"content":50553,"nodeType":860},{},[50554],{"data":50555,"marks":50556,"value":50557,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This can also be applied to accounts that use SSO as the default login method. In this scenario, the phish kit can select a backup username and password option to allow the phishing attack to proceed.  ",{"data":50559,"content":50560,"nodeType":860},{},[50561],{"data":50562,"marks":50563,"value":50565,"nodeType":864},{},[50564],{"type":899},"So, you have a situation where even if a phishing-resistant login method exists, the presence of a less secure backup method means the account is still vulnerable to phishing attacks. ",{"data":50567,"content":50568,"nodeType":860},{},[50569,50573,50582],{"data":50570,"marks":50571,"value":50572,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These attacks are effective across a number of sites and login methods that support passkey-based logins, for example, Windows Hello, Okta FastPass, and Google Workspace. As an example, here’s a link to a ",{"data":50574,"content":50576,"nodeType":883},{"uri":50575},"https://github.com/yudasm/WHfB-o365-Phishlet",[50577],{"data":50578,"marks":50579,"value":50581,"nodeType":864},{},[50580],{"type":1455},"custom phishlet for Evilginx",{"data":50583,"marks":50584,"value":50585,"nodeType":864},{},[]," targeting Windows Hello for Business. A small caveat is that changes made by Microsoft have since broken this plugin, but we were able to write our own custom phishlet to achieve the same outcome. ",{"data":50587,"content":50588,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":50590,"content":50591,"nodeType":1009},{},[50592],{"data":50593,"marks":50594,"value":50596,"nodeType":864},{},[50595],{"type":899},"MFA downgrade in action",{"data":50598,"content":50599,"nodeType":860},{},[50600],{"data":50601,"marks":50602,"value":50603,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Check out the video below to see an example of using Evilginx with a custom phishlet to downgrade authentication for a Microsoft account using Windows Hello. ",{"data":50605,"content":50608,"nodeType":996},{"target":50606},{"sys":50607},{"id":43226,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":50610,"content":50611,"nodeType":860},{},[50612],{"data":50613,"marks":50614,"value":50615,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve encountered similar functionality in criminal phishing platforms we’ve investigated such as Tycoon — in this case, targeting Google accounts. This snippet is notable in that it includes JavaScript to abuse UI features to bypass passkeys.",{"data":50617,"content":50621,"nodeType":996},{"target":50618},{"sys":50619},{"id":50620,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5Vya1VApSisr0000HuTLY2",[],{"data":50623,"content":50624,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":50626,"content":50627,"nodeType":1009},{},[50628],{"data":50629,"marks":50630,"value":50632,"nodeType":864},{},[50631],{"type":899},"Mitigations (and challenges)",{"data":50634,"content":50635,"nodeType":860},{},[50636],{"data":50637,"marks":50638,"value":50639,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA downgrade is made possible by the existence of backup authentication methods. So the obvious solution is to remove backup/unused login and MFA methods from your accounts, ensuring you’re accessing apps using SSO from a hardened Identity Provider (IdP) account (e.g. Okta, Entra, Google Workspace). ",{"data":50641,"content":50642,"nodeType":860},{},[50643],{"data":50644,"marks":50645,"value":50646,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the ideal world, you’d be:",{"data":50648,"content":50649,"nodeType":941},{},[50650,50660],{"data":50651,"content":50652,"nodeType":945},{},[50653],{"data":50654,"content":50655,"nodeType":860},{},[50656],{"data":50657,"marks":50658,"value":50659,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using only one IdP account, which you access via passkey, with no backup methods.",{"data":50661,"content":50662,"nodeType":945},{},[50663],{"data":50664,"content":50665,"nodeType":860},{},[50666],{"data":50667,"marks":50668,"value":50669,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Accessing all business apps using SSO from your locked-down IdP account. ",{"data":50671,"content":50672,"nodeType":860},{},[50673],{"data":50674,"marks":50675,"value":50676,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The reality is way different, though. Because going totally passwordless is hard. It requires a large investment of time, money, and training for end-users. You’ll find many cautionary tales of companies starting on their passkey adoption journey and ultimately failing to make it a reality. This is largely because:",{"data":50678,"content":50679,"nodeType":941},{},[50680,50690,50700],{"data":50681,"content":50682,"nodeType":945},{},[50683],{"data":50684,"content":50685,"nodeType":860},{},[50686],{"data":50687,"marks":50688,"value":50689,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In environments with a mix of older and newer infrastructure, it can be challenging to get complete coverage. ",{"data":50691,"content":50692,"nodeType":945},{},[50693],{"data":50694,"content":50695,"nodeType":860},{},[50696],{"data":50697,"marks":50698,"value":50699,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not every device comes with an in-built biometric identification method, so you need to use a second device — which employees may struggle with (especially when they lose it and aren’t familiar with how to regain account access).",{"data":50701,"content":50702,"nodeType":945},{},[50703],{"data":50704,"content":50705,"nodeType":860},{},[50706],{"data":50707,"marks":50708,"value":50709,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most apps don’t allow you to log in directly with a passkey, meaning you need to SSO from your IdP account. But many apps don’t support every preferred SSO provider, and fail to provide SAML support, so there can be gaps.  ",{"data":50711,"content":50712,"nodeType":860},{},[50713],{"data":50714,"marks":50715,"value":50716,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And ultimately, because of the self-service, product-led growth fuelled nature of most online services today, it’s easy for users to slip back into using passwords — and hard for security teams to find and remove them (particularly if an app isn’t centrally managed). And the level of support that different apps provide users and administrators to secure how they access their services varies significantly. ",{"data":50718,"content":50719,"nodeType":1312},{},[50720],{"data":50721,"marks":50722,"value":50724,"nodeType":864},{},[50723],{"type":899},"Most apps make removing phishable authentication hard",{"data":50726,"content":50727,"nodeType":860},{},[50728,50732,50740],{"data":50729,"marks":50730,"value":50731,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While some providers are taking steps to go passwordless by default, which makes it easier to remove passwords (e.g. ",{"data":50733,"content":50735,"nodeType":883},{"uri":50734},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/microsoft-entra-blog/introducing-password-removal-for-microsoft-accounts/2747280",[50736],{"data":50737,"marks":50738,"value":20198,"nodeType":864},{},[50739],{"type":1455},{"data":50741,"marks":50742,"value":50743,"nodeType":864},{},[]," recently made a big deal of its desire to get rid of passwords), the quality of identity security management functionality varies significantly from app to app. ",{"data":50745,"content":50746,"nodeType":860},{},[50747],{"data":50748,"marks":50749,"value":50750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many apps default to the most recently used or strongest login method, but very few automatically lock you in to using the strongest method available. Most of the time, these kinds of controls also need to be configured in the app — which can be challenging if your security team doesn’t manage it (or simply isn’t aware of it). ",{"data":50752,"content":50756,"nodeType":996},{"target":50753},{"sys":50754},{"id":50755,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4X9MR0CbSMltOmw767XNOm",[],{"data":50758,"content":50759,"nodeType":860},{},[50760,50764,50768,50772,50779],{"data":50761,"marks":50762,"value":50763,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, configuring MFA is often an additive process — you start by adding a phone number, then you add an authenticator app or a passkey. Just like we find that most accounts with SSO ",{"data":50765,"marks":50766,"value":42026,"nodeType":864},{},[50767],{"type":899},{"data":50769,"marks":50770,"value":50771,"nodeType":864},{},[]," have a password login configured (also known as ",{"data":50773,"content":50774,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[50775],{"data":50776,"marks":50777,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[50778],{"type":1455},{"data":50780,"marks":50781,"value":50782,"nodeType":864},{},[],"), most accounts with MFA typically have multiple methods attached to their account. ",{"data":50784,"content":50785,"nodeType":860},{},[50786,50790,50797,50800,50809],{"data":50787,"marks":50788,"value":50789,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The result is that even if you can successfully lock down a handful of apps, many more will continue to be susceptible to phishing attacks using commonly available downgrade functionality. And as attackers diversify the apps they target (such as these recent examples targeting ",{"data":50791,"content":50792,"nodeType":883},{"uri":24421},[50793],{"data":50794,"marks":50795,"value":24427,"nodeType":864},{},[50796],{"type":1455},{"data":50798,"marks":50799,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50801,"content":50803,"nodeType":883},{"uri":50802},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/dissecting-a-recent-mailchimp-phishing-attack/",[50804],{"data":50805,"marks":50806,"value":50808,"nodeType":864},{},[50807],{"type":1455},"MailChimp",{"data":50810,"marks":50811,"value":50812,"nodeType":864},{},[],"), this becomes increasingly likely. ",{"data":50814,"content":50815,"nodeType":1312},{},[50816],{"data":50817,"marks":50818,"value":50820,"nodeType":864},{},[50819],{"type":899},"Conditional access is a useful mitigation if configured properly, but only on apps which support it",{"data":50822,"content":50823,"nodeType":860},{},[50824],{"data":50825,"marks":50826,"value":50827,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Conditional access policies are a useful last line of defense against account takeover attacks by denying logins that don't meet certain criteria, even if they user is able to authenticate. In larger IdP platforms that typically support more granular conditional access policies, this is a useful addition when configured correctly. However, many apps simply don't support conditional access, so will be vulnerable to attackers targeting them directly (as opposed to first logging into e.g. Microsoft or Google, and then accessing downstream apps via SSO). ",{"data":50829,"content":50830,"nodeType":860},{},[50831],{"data":50832,"marks":50833,"value":50834,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, locking down your core IdP platforms with robust conditional access should be a top priority for security teams. Useful policies that should be configured include:",{"data":50836,"content":50837,"nodeType":941},{},[50838,50848,50858],{"data":50839,"content":50840,"nodeType":945},{},[50841],{"data":50842,"content":50843,"nodeType":860},{},[50844],{"data":50845,"marks":50846,"value":50847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Limiting logins to domain-joined devices.",{"data":50849,"content":50850,"nodeType":945},{},[50851],{"data":50852,"content":50853,"nodeType":860},{},[50854],{"data":50855,"marks":50856,"value":50857,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Set phishing-resistant MFA as required. ",{"data":50859,"content":50860,"nodeType":945},{},[50861],{"data":50862,"content":50863,"nodeType":860},{},[50864],{"data":50865,"marks":50866,"value":50867,"nodeType":864},{},[],"(Where possible) limit logins to trusted IP ranges. ",{"data":50869,"content":50870,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":50872,"content":50873,"nodeType":1009},{},[50874],{"data":50875,"marks":50876,"value":50878,"nodeType":864},{},[50877],{"type":899},"Tackling MFA downgrade with Push Security",{"data":50880,"content":50881,"nodeType":860},{},[50882,50886,50894],{"data":50883,"marks":50884,"value":50885,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys are key to the future of enterprise identity security, but organizations need to recognize that adopting passkeys isn’t a silver bullet. Ensuring that passkeys are the only authentication method supported by your business apps is no mean feat, considering ",{"data":50887,"content":50888,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43267},[50889],{"data":50890,"marks":50891,"value":50893,"nodeType":864},{},[50892],{"type":1455},"most organizations are using hundreds of them",{"data":50895,"marks":50896,"value":50897,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — all with their own specific ways of handling and administering identities. ",{"data":50899,"content":50900,"nodeType":860},{},[50901],{"data":50902,"marks":50903,"value":50904,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s why we support a layered defense, providing last-mile protection by:",{"data":50906,"content":50907,"nodeType":941},{},[50908,50918],{"data":50909,"content":50910,"nodeType":945},{},[50911],{"data":50912,"content":50913,"nodeType":860},{},[50914],{"data":50915,"marks":50916,"value":50917,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Intercepting and blocking phishing attacks in the browser to prevent AiTM attacks using downgrade techniques.",{"data":50919,"content":50920,"nodeType":945},{},[50921],{"data":50922,"content":50923,"nodeType":860},{},[50924],{"data":50925,"marks":50926,"value":50927,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identifying backup MFA and login methods across the business apps your employees use, so they can be removed (individually or through app-level configuration changes).",{"data":50929,"content":50930,"nodeType":860},{},[50931],{"data":50932,"marks":50933,"value":50934,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s how it works.",{"data":50936,"content":50940,"nodeType":996},{"target":50937},{"sys":50938},{"id":50939,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2uvItnfaOQZHa4a9BIIhRn",[],{"data":50942,"content":50943,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":50945,"content":50946,"nodeType":1009},{},[50947],{"data":50948,"marks":50949,"value":50951,"nodeType":864},{},[50950],{"type":899},"Further reading",{"data":50953,"content":50954,"nodeType":860},{},[50955],{"data":50956,"marks":50957,"value":50958,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA downgrade is just one method of getting into an otherwise locked-down account. Attackers are also finding ways to bypass the standard authentication process entirely, through: ",{"data":50960,"content":50961,"nodeType":941},{},[50962,50995,51028,51048],{"data":50963,"content":50964,"nodeType":945},{},[50965],{"data":50966,"content":50967,"nodeType":860},{},[50968,50971,50979,50983,50992],{"data":50969,"marks":50970,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50972,"content":50973,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43342},[50974],{"data":50975,"marks":50976,"value":50978,"nodeType":864},{},[50977],{"type":1455},"App-specific password phishing",{"data":50980,"marks":50981,"value":50982,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where attackers can abuse functionality designed to enable users to log into apps that don’t support modern authentication. (",{"data":50984,"content":50986,"nodeType":883},{"uri":50985},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/app-specific-password-phishing/",[50987],{"data":50988,"marks":50989,"value":50991,"nodeType":864},{},[50990],{"type":1455},"Read the article for more information here",{"data":50993,"marks":50994,"value":26415,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":50996,"content":50997,"nodeType":945},{},[50998],{"data":50999,"content":51000,"nodeType":860},{},[51001,51004,51012,51016,51024],{"data":51002,"marks":51003,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51005,"content":51006,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22555},[51007],{"data":51008,"marks":51009,"value":51011,"nodeType":864},{},[51010],{"type":1455},"Consent phishing",{"data":51013,"marks":51014,"value":51015,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which sees the victim accept OAuth scopes for an attacker-controlled app integration granting access to the account without needing to directly compromise it. (",{"data":51017,"content":51018,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38442},[51019],{"data":51020,"marks":51021,"value":51023,"nodeType":864},{},[51022],{"type":1455},"You can read more about recent examples here",{"data":51025,"marks":51026,"value":51027,"nodeType":864},{},[],".) ",{"data":51029,"content":51030,"nodeType":945},{},[51031],{"data":51032,"content":51033,"nodeType":860},{},[51034,51037,51044],{"data":51035,"marks":51036,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51038,"content":51039,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22567},[51040],{"data":51041,"marks":51042,"value":360,"nodeType":864},{},[51043],{"type":1455},{"data":51045,"marks":51046,"value":51047,"nodeType":864},{},[],", functionally very similar to consent phishing but involving the victim entering a code for authorization. ",{"data":51049,"content":51050,"nodeType":945},{},[51051],{"data":51052,"content":51053,"nodeType":860},{},[51054,51057,51064,51068,51077],{"data":51055,"marks":51056,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51058,"content":51059,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43365},[51060],{"data":51061,"marks":51062,"value":30842,"nodeType":864},{},[51063],{"type":1455},{"data":51065,"marks":51066,"value":51067,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which sees the attacker register a new IdP connected to the victim’s email account that can be used to access connected apps via SSO without directly compromising the primary IdP. (",{"data":51069,"content":51071,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51070},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/a-new-class-of-phishing-verification-phishing-and-cross-idp-impersonation/",[51072],{"data":51073,"marks":51074,"value":51076,"nodeType":864},{},[51075],{"type":1455},"You can read more about this here",{"data":51078,"marks":51079,"value":1560,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51081,"content":51082,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51084,"content":51085,"nodeType":1009},{},[51086],{"data":51087,"marks":51088,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[51089],{"type":899},{"data":51091,"content":51092,"nodeType":860},{},[51093],{"data":51094,"marks":51095,"value":51096,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security’s browser-based security platform provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more.",{"data":51098,"content":51099,"nodeType":860},{},[51100,51103,51110],{"data":51101,"marks":51102,"value":39316,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51104,"content":51105,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[51106],{"data":51107,"marks":51108,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[51109],{"type":1455},{"data":51111,"marks":51112,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA downgrade: How attackers are getting around phishing-resistant authentication","MFA downgrade attacks are an increasingly common technique used by attackers to bypass phishing-resistant authentication methods registered to an account.","2025-07-21T00:00:00.000Z","mfa-downgrade-attacks",{"items":51118},[51119,51121],{"sys":51120,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":51122,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":51124},[51125],{"fullName":24112,"firstName":24113,"jobTitle":24114,"profilePicture":51126},{"url":24116},{"__typename":2059,"sys":51128,"content":51130,"title":51743,"synopsis":51744,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":51745,"slug":51746,"tagsCollection":51747,"authorsCollection":51753},{"id":51129},"XQHcBu5kiSBd6MMwICYI4",{"json":51131},{"data":51132,"content":51133,"nodeType":856},{},[51134,51141,51148,51156,51185,51192,51198,51201,51209,51216,51223,51266,51273,51280,51283,51291,51298,51305,51312,51331,51338,51344,51352,51359,51366,51373,51379,51382,51390,51398,51405,51413,51420,51482,51489,51497,51504,51537,51545,51552,51560,51567,51575,51582,51635,51642,51645,51653,51660,51677,51710,51731,51737],{"data":51135,"content":51136,"nodeType":860},{},[51137],{"data":51138,"marks":51139,"value":51140,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing has undergone a radical transformation. The laughably bad emails and fake PayPal logins of the past have given way to sophisticated campaigns engineered to slip through even the most hardened security stacks. ",{"data":51142,"content":51143,"nodeType":860},{},[51144],{"data":51145,"marks":51146,"value":51147,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Today’s phishing attacks are faster, more adaptable, and harder to catch with traditional tools. Email filters and threat intel still play an important role, but they’re often reacting to threats that are already in motion, and by the time a phishing link is flagged and blocklisted, someone has probably already clicked — and the attacker has moved onto their next set of links.",{"data":51149,"content":51150,"nodeType":860},{},[51151],{"data":51152,"marks":51153,"value":51155,"nodeType":864},{},[51154],{"type":899},"The problem isn’t that phishing has evolved. It’s that our defenses haven’t.",{"data":51157,"content":51158,"nodeType":860},{},[51159,51163,51172,51176,51181],{"data":51160,"marks":51161,"value":51162,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s where ",{"data":51164,"content":51166,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51165},"https://pushsecurity.com/uc/zero-day-phishing-protection",[51167],{"data":51168,"marks":51169,"value":51171,"nodeType":864},{},[51170],{"type":1455},"Push Security",{"data":51173,"marks":51174,"value":51175,"nodeType":864},{},[]," comes in. By embedding real-time detection directly into the browser, the very place where phishing attacks unfold, Push offers a fundamentally new way to stop phishing: ",{"data":51177,"marks":51178,"value":51180,"nodeType":864},{},[51179],{"type":2246},"as it happens",{"data":51182,"marks":51183,"value":51184,"nodeType":864},{},[],", regardless of whether or not the exact attack has ever been seen before. ",{"data":51186,"content":51187,"nodeType":860},{},[51188],{"data":51189,"marks":51190,"value":51191,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Check out the video to see how it works. ",{"data":51193,"content":51197,"nodeType":996},{"target":51194},{"sys":51195},{"id":51196,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4LaKobadjp19jjocLXcW4E",[],{"data":51199,"content":51200,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51202,"content":51203,"nodeType":1009},{},[51204],{"data":51205,"marks":51206,"value":51208,"nodeType":864},{},[51207],{"type":899},"The modern phishing playground",{"data":51210,"content":51211,"nodeType":860},{},[51212],{"data":51213,"marks":51214,"value":51215,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing attacks today look nothing like the blunt instruments of a few years ago. These are fast, customized, and often completely ephemeral. A phishing domain might go live at 9 a.m., compromise scores of credentials, and be gone before lunch, long before it ever hits a threat intel feed.",{"data":51217,"content":51218,"nodeType":860},{},[51219],{"data":51220,"marks":51221,"value":51222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern attackers use:",{"data":51224,"content":51225,"nodeType":941},{},[51226,51236,51246,51256],{"data":51227,"content":51228,"nodeType":945},{},[51229],{"data":51230,"content":51231,"nodeType":860},{},[51232],{"data":51233,"marks":51234,"value":51235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Dynamic content and user-adaptive emails that can be easily changed based on the target’s identity and environment.",{"data":51237,"content":51238,"nodeType":945},{},[51239],{"data":51240,"content":51241,"nodeType":860},{},[51242],{"data":51243,"marks":51244,"value":51245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Obfuscated URLs hidden behind trusted services (like Google Sites), making reputation analysis less than reliable.",{"data":51247,"content":51248,"nodeType":945},{},[51249],{"data":51250,"content":51251,"nodeType":860},{},[51252],{"data":51253,"marks":51254,"value":51255,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Real-time proxying tools to clone login flows and harvest credentials.",{"data":51257,"content":51258,"nodeType":945},{},[51259],{"data":51260,"content":51261,"nodeType":860},{},[51262],{"data":51263,"marks":51264,"value":51265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Rapid-fire infrastructure rotation, making the attack’s infrastructure almost impossible to track in time.",{"data":51267,"content":51268,"nodeType":860},{},[51269],{"data":51270,"marks":51271,"value":51272,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These attacks often bypass traditional defenses entirely, not because the tools are broken, but because they were designed for a different era, one where phishing pages lived for days or weeks, not minutes.",{"data":51274,"content":51275,"nodeType":860},{},[51276],{"data":51277,"marks":51278,"value":51279,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not enough to know what was bad yesterday. You need to know what’s happening now.",{"data":51281,"content":51282,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51284,"content":51285,"nodeType":1009},{},[51286],{"data":51287,"marks":51288,"value":51290,"nodeType":864},{},[51289],{"type":899},"Why blocklists and perimeter defenses are falling behind",{"data":51292,"content":51293,"nodeType":860},{},[51294],{"data":51295,"marks":51296,"value":51297,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The security ecosystem has long depended on reputation-based systems: block the known bad, allow the rest. That worked when attackers reused infrastructure and relied on mass campaigns. Today’s adversaries have adapted.",{"data":51299,"content":51300,"nodeType":860},{},[51301],{"data":51302,"marks":51303,"value":51304,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Consider a scenario similar to the one from our video:",{"data":51306,"content":51307,"nodeType":860},{},[51308],{"data":51309,"marks":51310,"value":51311,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A staff member receives an email appearing to be from Microsoft Teams. It includes dynamic content that mirrors their actual environment, including their username, company logo, and real collaboration data. The embedded link takes them to a cloned Microsoft login page hosted on a benign-looking subdomain. The site is brand new. It’s not on any blocklist. Your email filter passes it. The employee logs in. Credentials and session tokens? Gone.",{"data":51313,"content":51314,"nodeType":860},{},[51315,51319,51327],{"data":51316,"marks":51317,"value":51318,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And that’s just step one. The attacker now pivots to connected apps like ",{"data":51320,"content":51322,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51321},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-attackers-are-targeting-jira-with-stolen-credentials/",[51323],{"data":51324,"marks":51325,"value":37143,"nodeType":864},{},[51326],{"type":1455},{"data":51328,"marks":51329,"value":51330,"nodeType":864},{},[],", Confluence, or AWS, moving laterally through your cloud environment using the compromised credentials.",{"data":51332,"content":51333,"nodeType":860},{},[51334],{"data":51335,"marks":51336,"value":51337,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Traditional tools often miss these threats not due to a lack of sophistication, but because they’re looking from the outside in. The browser is where the attack actually unfolds. Without visibility there, key indicators of compromise go undetected.",{"data":51339,"content":51343,"nodeType":996},{"target":51340},{"sys":51341},{"id":51342,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1UGu43QxCiYofkeGtOMp5J",[],{"data":51345,"content":51346,"nodeType":1009},{},[51347],{"data":51348,"marks":51349,"value":51351,"nodeType":864},{},[51350],{"type":899},"Rethinking where phishing defense happens",{"data":51353,"content":51354,"nodeType":860},{},[51355],{"data":51356,"marks":51357,"value":51358,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push changes where phishing protection happens, from upstream detection to point-of-interaction control. Instead of chasing malicious links through email gateways or external threat feeds, Push embeds lightweight, always-on protection directly, as users go about their work in the browser.",{"data":51360,"content":51361,"nodeType":860},{},[51362],{"data":51363,"marks":51364,"value":51365,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push monitors what’s happening in each session: how pages are built, how they behave, and how users interact with them. That means it can recognize when a login prompt doesn’t match your identity provider or when a script behaves like part of a phishing toolkit.",{"data":51367,"content":51368,"nodeType":860},{},[51369],{"data":51370,"marks":51371,"value":51372,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When Push identifies something suspicious, it takes action right away. Logins are interrupted before any data is exposed. Users get clear guidance in-browser. And security teams receive detailed telemetry that shows exactly what happened, who was targeted, and how the threat was stopped.",{"data":51374,"content":51378,"nodeType":996},{"target":51375},{"sys":51376},{"id":51377,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7Hu3kypFWwJAGOuQp0kYmU",[],{"data":51380,"content":51381,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":51383,"content":51384,"nodeType":1009},{},[51385],{"data":51386,"marks":51387,"value":51389,"nodeType":864},{},[51388],{"type":899},"The benefits of browser-native phishing defense",{"data":51391,"content":51392,"nodeType":1312},{},[51393],{"data":51394,"marks":51395,"value":51397,"nodeType":864},{},[51396],{"type":899},"True zero-day protection",{"data":51399,"content":51400,"nodeType":860},{},[51401],{"data":51402,"marks":51403,"value":51404,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push doesn’t rely on known indicators of compromise. It evaluates the actual behavior and context of every session in real-time. Whether the phishing site was created 5 months ago or 5 minutes ago is irrelevant — Push detects it and shuts it down.",{"data":51406,"content":51407,"nodeType":1312},{},[51408],{"data":51409,"marks":51410,"value":51412,"nodeType":864},{},[51411],{"type":899},"Contextual threat detection",{"data":51414,"content":51415,"nodeType":860},{},[51416],{"data":51417,"marks":51418,"value":51419,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because Push operates in the browser, it sees everything:",{"data":51421,"content":51422,"nodeType":941},{},[51423,51433,51443,51462,51472],{"data":51424,"content":51425,"nodeType":945},{},[51426],{"data":51427,"content":51428,"nodeType":860},{},[51429],{"data":51430,"marks":51431,"value":51432,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The page layout",{"data":51434,"content":51435,"nodeType":945},{},[51436],{"data":51437,"content":51438,"nodeType":860},{},[51439],{"data":51440,"marks":51441,"value":51442,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where the user came from",{"data":51444,"content":51445,"nodeType":945},{},[51446],{"data":51447,"content":51448,"nodeType":860},{},[51449,51452,51459],{"data":51450,"marks":51451,"value":43563,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51453,"content":51454,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43566},[51455],{"data":51456,"marks":51457,"value":43572,"nodeType":864},{},[51458],{"type":1455},{"data":51460,"marks":51461,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51463,"content":51464,"nodeType":945},{},[51465],{"data":51466,"content":51467,"nodeType":860},{},[51468],{"data":51469,"marks":51470,"value":51471,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What scripts are running",{"data":51473,"content":51474,"nodeType":945},{},[51475],{"data":51476,"content":51477,"nodeType":860},{},[51478],{"data":51479,"marks":51480,"value":51481,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And where credentials are being sent",{"data":51483,"content":51484,"nodeType":860},{},[51485],{"data":51486,"marks":51487,"value":51488,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This context enables Push to stop even well-camouflaged phishing attempts, including AitM attacks that bypass MFA.",{"data":51490,"content":51491,"nodeType":1312},{},[51492],{"data":51493,"marks":51494,"value":51496,"nodeType":864},{},[51495],{"type":899},"Real-time interception of malicious activity",{"data":51498,"content":51499,"nodeType":860},{},[51500],{"data":51501,"marks":51502,"value":51503,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As soon as a phishing attempt is confirmed, the response is immediate:",{"data":51505,"content":51506,"nodeType":941},{},[51507,51517,51527],{"data":51508,"content":51509,"nodeType":945},{},[51510],{"data":51511,"content":51512,"nodeType":860},{},[51513],{"data":51514,"marks":51515,"value":51516,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credential entry is halted.",{"data":51518,"content":51519,"nodeType":945},{},[51520],{"data":51521,"content":51522,"nodeType":860},{},[51523],{"data":51524,"marks":51525,"value":51526,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Sessions are revoked.",{"data":51528,"content":51529,"nodeType":945},{},[51530],{"data":51531,"content":51532,"nodeType":860},{},[51533],{"data":51534,"marks":51535,"value":51536,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The user is protected without delay.",{"data":51538,"content":51539,"nodeType":1312},{},[51540],{"data":51541,"marks":51542,"value":51544,"nodeType":864},{},[51543],{"type":899},"Reduced incident response overhead",{"data":51546,"content":51547,"nodeType":860},{},[51548],{"data":51549,"marks":51550,"value":51551,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most phishing attacks end in hours of IR and expensive cleanup. 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It’s an identity attack problem, and the only place you can see those attacks in action is inside the browser.",{"data":51661,"content":51662,"nodeType":860},{},[51663,51667,51674],{"data":51664,"marks":51665,"value":51666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push Security gives you a new advantage: proactive, in-browser protection against modern phishing campaigns — ",{"data":51668,"content":51669,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51165},[51670],{"data":51671,"marks":51672,"value":51673,"nodeType":864},{},[],"even those with never-before-seen phishing sites",{"data":51675,"marks":51676,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":51678,"content":51679,"nodeType":941},{},[51680,51690,51700],{"data":51681,"content":51682,"nodeType":945},{},[51683],{"data":51684,"content":51685,"nodeType":860},{},[51686],{"data":51687,"marks":51688,"value":51689,"nodeType":864},{},[],"See the phish happen.",{"data":51691,"content":51692,"nodeType":945},{},[51693],{"data":51694,"content":51695,"nodeType":860},{},[51696],{"data":51697,"marks":51698,"value":51699,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stop it in real time.",{"data":51701,"content":51702,"nodeType":945},{},[51703],{"data":51704,"content":51705,"nodeType":860},{},[51706],{"data":51707,"marks":51708,"value":51709,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Keep your workforce identities safe.",{"data":51711,"content":51712,"nodeType":860},{},[51713,51718,51726],{"data":51714,"marks":51715,"value":51717,"nodeType":864},{},[51716],{"type":899},"Want to see Push in action? 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After seeing an uptick in URL obfuscation pages being intercepted by ",{"data":54426,"content":54427,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34651},[54428],{"data":54429,"marks":54430,"value":54432,"nodeType":864},{},[54431],{"type":1455},"Push’s other browser-based phishing protection controls",{"data":54434,"marks":54435,"value":54436,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we decided to use our position in the browser to roll out an additional layer of protection against this technique. ",{"data":54438,"content":54439,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":54441,"content":54442,"nodeType":1009},{},[54443],{"data":54444,"marks":54445,"value":54447,"nodeType":864},{},[54446],{"type":899},"Block URL obfuscation in the browser",{"data":54449,"content":54450,"nodeType":860},{},[54451],{"data":54452,"marks":54453,"value":54454,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re providing Push customers with the ability to outright block schema obfuscation when it’s encountered in the browser, protecting against attackers using this technique to obfuscate their phishing and malware delivery pages/servers. ",{"data":54456,"content":54457,"nodeType":860},{},[54458],{"data":54459,"marks":54460,"value":54461,"nodeType":864},{},[],"No matter where the link originates, Push intercepts it at the point of execution in the browser, and shuts the attack down. ",{"data":54463,"content":54464,"nodeType":860},{},[54465],{"data":54466,"marks":54467,"value":54468,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s how it works:",{"data":54470,"content":54474,"nodeType":996},{"target":54471},{"sys":54472},{"id":54473,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"35dUsivrKA5tNINGmaNfdb",[],{"data":54476,"content":54477,"nodeType":860},{},[54478],{"data":54479,"marks":54480,"value":54481,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To enable the control, simply hit the toggle under “URL blocking” from the Push dashboard. ",{"data":54483,"content":54487,"nodeType":996},{"target":54484},{"sys":54485},{"id":54486,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"A6Zz23b8mIdAaQnl99lQn",[],{"data":54489,"content":54490,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":54492,"content":54493,"nodeType":1009},{},[54494],{"data":54495,"marks":54496,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[54497],{"type":899},{"data":54499,"content":54500,"nodeType":860},{},[54501],{"data":54502,"marks":54503,"value":51096,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54505,"content":54506,"nodeType":860},{},[54507,54510,54518],{"data":54508,"marks":54509,"value":39316,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54511,"content":54513,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54512},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo/?utm_campaign=12883224-FY25Q2_Scattered-Spider&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_content=sponsored-article",[54514],{"data":54515,"marks":54516,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[54517],{"type":1455},{"data":54519,"marks":54520,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"entries":54522},{"hyperlink":54523,"inline":54524,"block":54525},[],[],[54526,54529],{"sys":54527,"__typename":11979,"title":54447,"arcadeDemoUrl":54528,"playText":35302},{"id":54473},"https://demo.arcade.software/wAgMRhKeX2heQPyUh8tK?embed",{"sys":54530,"__typename":1724,"title":54531,"caption":54532,"layoutMode":59,"file":54533},{"id":54486},"Enable URL schema obfuscation","URL obfuscation blocking can be enabled with a simple toggle. 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Passwords (ASPs) are a way for users to access applications that do not support MFA or are otherwise incompatible with a platform’s standard login workflows. They are intended to enable a user to login to “legacy” (typically desktop) applications that do not support modern authentication (e.g. OAuth 2.0). For example, you might use this feature to allow a third-party mail client access to an email account by logging in with your ",{"data":54864,"content":54866,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54865},"https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/account-billing/how-to-get-and-use-app-passwords-5896ed9b-4263-e681-128a-a6f2979a7944",[54867],{"data":54868,"marks":54869,"value":20198,"nodeType":864},{},[54870],{"type":1455},{"data":54872,"marks":54873,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54875,"content":54877,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54876},"https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833?hl=en",[54878],{"data":54879,"marks":54880,"value":54882,"nodeType":864},{},[54881],{"type":1455},"Google",{"data":54884,"marks":54885,"value":20002,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":54887,"content":54889,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54888},"https://support.apple.com/en-us/102654",[54890],{"data":54891,"marks":54892,"value":54894,"nodeType":864},{},[54893],{"type":1455},"Apple",{"data":54896,"marks":54897,"value":54898,"nodeType":864},{},[]," account. ",{"data":54900,"content":54901,"nodeType":860},{},[54902],{"data":54903,"marks":54904,"value":54905,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The logic behind this is that it is comparatively more secure than giving your critical IdP password to less secure apps — likely due to the volume of accounts compromised as a result of third-party breaches. It also means that if someone phishes your primary account password that normally has a second factor, that specific password can’t be used without the second factor. ",{"data":54907,"content":54908,"nodeType":860},{},[54909],{"data":54910,"marks":54911,"value":54912,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, if an ASP is acquired by an attacker, it can be used to login to the target app — circumventing phishing-resistant authentication methods such as passkeys, and bypassing MFA checks. It effectively provides a method of sidestepping your preferred login method. So for example, if you're an organization that uses a passwordless login to access your Google Workspace account and has disabled secondary login methods (the gold standard in terms of secure authentication), an ASP gives attackers a way around this. ",{"data":54914,"content":54915,"nodeType":860},{},[54916,54920,54928,54932,54939],{"data":54917,"marks":54918,"value":54919,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With recent evidence of exploitation in the wild in the form of ",{"data":54921,"content":54922,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43342},[54923],{"data":54924,"marks":54925,"value":54927,"nodeType":864},{},[54926],{"type":1455},"app-specific password phishing",{"data":54929,"marks":54930,"value":54931,"nodeType":864},{},[],", our latest addition to the ",{"data":54933,"content":54934,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[54935],{"data":54936,"marks":54937,"value":48508,"nodeType":864},{},[54938],{"type":1455},{"data":54940,"marks":54941,"value":54942,"nodeType":864},{},[],", it’s important that security teams are aware of this technique, what the risks are, and how to defend against it.  ",{"data":54944,"content":54945,"nodeType":860},{},[54946],{"data":54947,"marks":54948,"value":54949,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s take a quick look at how this actually works before we dive into the malicious use cases. ",{"data":54951,"content":54952,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":54954,"content":54955,"nodeType":1009},{},[54956],{"data":54957,"marks":54958,"value":54960,"nodeType":864},{},[54959],{"type":899},"ASPs 101",{"data":54962,"content":54963,"nodeType":860},{},[54964,54968,54977],{"data":54965,"marks":54966,"value":54967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ASPs are pretty straightforward. You log into your chosen account (e.g. Microsoft, Google, or Apple) and navigate to the ASP creation page — in Google’s case ",{"data":54969,"content":54971,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54970},"http://myaccount.google.com/apppasswords",[54972],{"data":54973,"marks":54974,"value":54976,"nodeType":864},{},[54975],{"type":1455},"myaccount.google.com/apppasswords",{"data":54978,"marks":54979,"value":54980,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Then, it’s as simple as typing in a name and hitting the “create” button. ",{"data":54982,"content":54986,"nodeType":996},{"target":54983},{"sys":54984},{"id":54985,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"76qanYHiwrSyrkwlYnCuCZ",[],{"data":54988,"content":54989,"nodeType":860},{},[54990],{"data":54991,"marks":54992,"value":54993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t actually app-specific in the sense that it’s tied to a specific app at the point of creation, but the idea is that you’d create a unique password for each app you want to log into. ",{"data":54995,"content":54996,"nodeType":860},{},[54997],{"data":54998,"marks":54999,"value":55000,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From this point, you can use the password along with your email address to log into apps normally. It’s important to note that this isn’t available for every app, but is specifically intended for things like third-party email clients. By logging in with an ASP, you are also granting specific permissions to the app. So in the case of Google, you can view, send and delete emails, access contacts, and access the calendar, but you can’t add mail rules, or access other G-Suite apps like Google Drive.   ",{"data":55002,"content":55003,"nodeType":860},{},[55004],{"data":55005,"marks":55006,"value":55007,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s important to note that you can’t use this as a substitute for SSO — e.g. you can’t authenticate to a third-party app like Slack using your Google account with an ASP, so the risk is somewhat limited to basic email functionality. That said, email access gives an attacker plenty to work with, and it’s enough to move laterally to other accounts through password and MFA resets — so there’s plenty of scope to expand the blast radius with a little extra legwork.  ",{"data":55009,"content":55010,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":55012,"content":55013,"nodeType":1009},{},[55014],{"data":55015,"marks":55016,"value":55018,"nodeType":864},{},[55017],{"type":899},"How ASP phishing works",{"data":55020,"content":55021,"nodeType":860},{},[55022],{"data":55023,"marks":55024,"value":55025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While logging in with an ASP doesn’t grant an attacker full access to the account, there’s still a lot that an attacker can do with access to email, contact, and calendar information. It’s certainly enough to be used in social engineering attacks impersonating the compromised user, as well as generally monitoring email activity. ",{"data":55027,"content":55028,"nodeType":860},{},[55029,55033,55042],{"data":55030,"marks":55031,"value":55032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An ",{"data":55034,"content":55036,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55035},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/creative-phishing-academics-critics-of-russia",[55037],{"data":55038,"marks":55039,"value":55041,"nodeType":864},{},[55040],{"type":1455},"example of this was recently disclosed",{"data":55043,"marks":55044,"value":55045,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where an expert on Russian information operations was targeted with a sophisticated and personalized social engineering attack, where the attacker was able to establish persistent access to the victim’s mailbox using ASPs by logging into a mail client. ",{"data":55047,"content":55048,"nodeType":860},{},[55049],{"data":55050,"marks":55051,"value":55052,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This involved a sophisticated lure impersonating the US Department of State instructing the victim on how to create and share an ASP with the attacker, granting access to their Google mailbox. ",{"data":55054,"content":55058,"nodeType":996},{"target":55055},{"sys":55056},{"id":55057,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"Lt93bzQNcEzg2OoCSrgED",[],{"data":55060,"content":55061,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":55063,"content":55064,"nodeType":1009},{},[55065],{"data":55066,"marks":55067,"value":55069,"nodeType":864},{},[55068],{"type":899},"Benefits and limitations of ASP phishing",{"data":55071,"content":55072,"nodeType":860},{},[55073],{"data":55074,"marks":55075,"value":55076,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This approach has a few advantages over conventional credential phishing:",{"data":55078,"content":55079,"nodeType":941},{},[55080,55090,55100,55110],{"data":55081,"content":55082,"nodeType":945},{},[55083],{"data":55084,"content":55085,"nodeType":860},{},[55086],{"data":55087,"marks":55088,"value":55089,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It completely sidesteps otherwise phishing-resistant login methods such as passkeys, and by design does not require MFA. ",{"data":55091,"content":55092,"nodeType":945},{},[55093],{"data":55094,"content":55095,"nodeType":860},{},[55096],{"data":55097,"marks":55098,"value":55099,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This kind of attack also naturally doesn’t trigger many typical phishing or malware-based detections. As it’s pure social engineering, there is no malicious link, page, or file to analyse. ",{"data":55101,"content":55102,"nodeType":945},{},[55103],{"data":55104,"content":55105,"nodeType":860},{},[55106],{"data":55107,"marks":55108,"value":55109,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For less technically aware victims, this might present a more effective alternative to traditional credential phishing — awareness training won’t extend to this kind of use case. ",{"data":55111,"content":55112,"nodeType":945},{},[55113],{"data":55114,"content":55115,"nodeType":860},{},[55116,55120,55129,55133,55142],{"data":55117,"marks":55118,"value":55119,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While generic security alert emails are generated when an app password is created, visibility of actual login events is limited. For example, ",{"data":55121,"content":55123,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55122},"https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/298128558",[55124],{"data":55125,"marks":55126,"value":55128,"nodeType":864},{},[55127],{"type":1455},"Google provides no logs for ASP creation and usage",{"data":55130,"marks":55131,"value":55132,"nodeType":864},{},[],", while ",{"data":55134,"content":55136,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55135},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/authentication/howto-mfa-app-passwords",[55137],{"data":55138,"marks":55139,"value":55141,"nodeType":864},{},[55140],{"type":1455},"Microsoft provides no on-premises logging or auditing capability",{"data":55143,"marks":55144,"value":40292,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55146,"content":55147,"nodeType":860},{},[55148],{"data":55149,"marks":55150,"value":55151,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, there are also limitations that will probably see this technique remain a niche choice for attackers. Namely, the complexity of the attack doesn’t necessarily map to the payoff, where it doesn’t result in full account compromise and the permissions/scopes of an ASP login are limited. This means that it lends itself to multi-step attacks, most likely as part of more targeted and stealthy attacks against specific individuals (as seen in the example above). For this reason, attackers are likely to prioritize other methods when they are available. ",{"data":55153,"content":55154,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":55156,"content":55157,"nodeType":1009},{},[55158],{"data":55159,"marks":55160,"value":55162,"nodeType":864},{},[55161],{"type":899},"Comparing ASPs with other auth bypasses",{"data":55164,"content":55165,"nodeType":860},{},[55166],{"data":55167,"marks":55168,"value":55169,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ASP phishing is part of a growing trend of phishing techniques focused on bypassing conventional authentication. With more organizations investing in phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys/WebAuthn and using SSO as standard, attackers are increasingly looking to circumvent the standard login process entirely. ",{"data":55171,"content":55172,"nodeType":860},{},[55173],{"data":55174,"marks":55175,"value":55176,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similar phishing approaches designed to circumvent an account’s authentication controls include:",{"data":55178,"content":55179,"nodeType":941},{},[55180,55201,55230,55249],{"data":55181,"content":55182,"nodeType":945},{},[55183],{"data":55184,"content":55185,"nodeType":860},{},[55186,55190,55197],{"data":55187,"marks":55188,"value":55189,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing for ",{"data":55191,"content":55192,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34597},[55193],{"data":55194,"marks":55195,"value":34603,"nodeType":864},{},[55196],{"type":1455},{"data":55198,"marks":55199,"value":55200,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which has the advantage of granting full access to the account, and persisting even if the account password is changed (in contrast, Google resets all ASPs if the account password is changed). ",{"data":55202,"content":55203,"nodeType":945},{},[55204],{"data":55205,"content":55206,"nodeType":860},{},[55207,55210,55217,55220,55227],{"data":55208,"marks":55209,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55211,"content":55212,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22555},[55213],{"data":55214,"marks":55215,"value":51011,"nodeType":864},{},[55216],{"type":1455},{"data":55218,"marks":55219,"value":51015,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55221,"content":55222,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38442},[55223],{"data":55224,"marks":55225,"value":51023,"nodeType":864},{},[55226],{"type":1455},{"data":55228,"marks":55229,"value":51027,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55231,"content":55232,"nodeType":945},{},[55233],{"data":55234,"content":55235,"nodeType":860},{},[55236,55239,55246],{"data":55237,"marks":55238,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55240,"content":55241,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22567},[55242],{"data":55243,"marks":55244,"value":360,"nodeType":864},{},[55245],{"type":1455},{"data":55247,"marks":55248,"value":51047,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55250,"content":55251,"nodeType":945},{},[55252],{"data":55253,"content":55254,"nodeType":860},{},[55255,55258,55265,55268,55275],{"data":55256,"marks":55257,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55259,"content":55260,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43365},[55261],{"data":55262,"marks":55263,"value":30842,"nodeType":864},{},[55264],{"type":1455},{"data":55266,"marks":55267,"value":51067,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55269,"content":55270,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51070},[55271],{"data":55272,"marks":55273,"value":51076,"nodeType":864},{},[55274],{"type":1455},{"data":55276,"marks":55277,"value":1560,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55279,"content":55280,"nodeType":860},{},[55281],{"data":55282,"marks":55283,"value":55284,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clearly, ASP phishing is part of a much bigger trend in which attackers are moving away from conventional phishing tactics in order to sidestep the authentication process. ",{"data":55286,"content":55287,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":55289,"content":55290,"nodeType":1009},{},[55291],{"data":55292,"marks":55293,"value":29517,"nodeType":864},{},[55294],{"type":899},{"data":55296,"content":55297,"nodeType":860},{},[55298,55302,55309,55313,55320],{"data":55299,"marks":55300,"value":55301,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There is a common misconception that adopting SSO-based logins, with a locked-down IdP account is an identity security silver bullet. The reality is that identity, authentication, and authorization is a complex and little-understood space. Even with SSO, there are ",{"data":55303,"content":55304,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[55305],{"data":55306,"marks":55307,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[55308],{"type":1455},{"data":55310,"marks":55311,"value":55312,"nodeType":864},{},[],", backup login and MFA methods susceptible to ",{"data":55314,"content":55315,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40544},[55316],{"data":55317,"marks":55318,"value":29076,"nodeType":864},{},[55319],{"type":1455},{"data":55321,"marks":55322,"value":55323,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and as we’ve seen with ASP phishing and similar techniques, many, many more ways to compromise an identity. ",{"data":55325,"content":55326,"nodeType":860},{},[55327],{"data":55328,"marks":55329,"value":55330,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security teams need to approach the complexity of identity security with their eyes open to reality. Without a full picture of how your various workforce identities can be accessed by your users, exploitable gaps will inevitably be left for attackers to take advantage of. ",{"data":55332,"content":55333,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":55335,"content":55336,"nodeType":1009},{},[55337],{"data":55338,"marks":55339,"value":23808,"nodeType":864},{},[55340],{"type":899},{"data":55342,"content":55343,"nodeType":860},{},[55344],{"data":55345,"marks":55346,"value":55347,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Given the logging challenges relating to ASP creation and use, the best option is to prevent ASPs from being created in the first place. ",{"data":55349,"content":55350,"nodeType":860},{},[55351,55355,55364],{"data":55352,"marks":55353,"value":55354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By default, users can't create app passwords in Microsoft. The app passwords feature must be enabled before users can use them. To check if this option is turned on, ",{"data":55356,"content":55358,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55357},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/entra/identity/authentication/howto-mfa-app-passwords",[55359],{"data":55360,"marks":55361,"value":55363,"nodeType":864},{},[55362],{"type":1455},"you can see and toggle the setting in Entra",{"data":55365,"marks":55366,"value":55367,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by browsing to Conditional Access > Named locations > Configure MFA trusted IPs > Multifactor authentication page > Allow users to create app passwords to sign in to non-browser apps option.",{"data":55369,"content":55370,"nodeType":860},{},[55371],{"data":55372,"marks":55373,"value":55374,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Apple and Google ASPs can’t be disabled in the same way… but don’t worry. That’s where Push comes in. ",{"data":55376,"content":55377,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":55379,"content":55380,"nodeType":1009},{},[55381],{"data":55382,"marks":55383,"value":29542,"nodeType":864},{},[55384],{"type":899},{"data":55386,"content":55387,"nodeType":860},{},[55388],{"data":55389,"marks":55390,"value":55391,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re working on adding visibility for ASPs being created, but users of our browser-based security platform can use existing features to prevent ASP phishing. Realistically, there’s no good reason for the average user to be configuring ASPs. So, you can use our URL blocking feature to prevent employees from accessing the pages for ASP creation on relevant apps. ",{"data":55393,"content":55397,"nodeType":996},{"target":55394},{"sys":55395},{"id":55396,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5i0Ou5a27XOt7gxJo9cu0P",[],{"data":55399,"content":55400,"nodeType":860},{},[55401],{"data":55402,"marks":55403,"value":55404,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a user tries to access the page, they’ll see this message instead and a security alert will be generated. ",{"data":55406,"content":55410,"nodeType":996},{"target":55407},{"sys":55408},{"id":55409,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7nsimiWtv5XOuKkE9wL3A3",[],{"data":55412,"content":55413,"nodeType":860},{},[55414],{"data":55415,"marks":55416,"value":55417,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It is recommended that you block the following URLs for Google and Apple:",{"data":55419,"content":55420,"nodeType":941},{},[55421,55440],{"data":55422,"content":55423,"nodeType":945},{},[55424],{"data":55425,"content":55426,"nodeType":860},{},[55427,55430,55437],{"data":55428,"marks":55429,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55431,"content":55432,"nodeType":883},{"uri":54970},[55433],{"data":55434,"marks":55435,"value":54976,"nodeType":864},{},[55436],{"type":1455},{"data":55438,"marks":55439,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55441,"content":55442,"nodeType":945},{},[55443],{"data":55444,"content":55445,"nodeType":860},{},[55446,55449,55458],{"data":55447,"marks":55448,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55450,"content":55452,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55451},"http://appleid.apple.com/account/manage/security/secondary-password",[55453],{"data":55454,"marks":55455,"value":55457,"nodeType":864},{},[55456],{"type":1455},"appleid.apple.com/account/manage/security/secondary-password",{"data":55459,"marks":55460,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55462,"content":55463,"nodeType":860},{},[55464],{"data":55465,"marks":55466,"value":55467,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unfortunately, there is no specific link to the Microsoft creation page — but as established above, this should not be enabled by default in Microsoft. ",{"data":55469,"content":55470,"nodeType":860},{},[55471],{"data":55472,"marks":55473,"value":55474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you encounter any more apps which allow ASPs, you can similarly add the specific ASP creation page to the list of blocked URLs.",{"data":55476,"content":55477,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":55479,"content":55480,"nodeType":1009},{},[55481],{"data":55482,"marks":55483,"value":55485,"nodeType":864},{},[55484],{"type":899},"Want to learn more about Push?",{"data":55487,"content":55488,"nodeType":860},{},[55489],{"data":55490,"marks":55491,"value":55492,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And that’s not all — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use, like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":55494,"content":55495,"nodeType":860},{},[55496,55499,55507],{"data":55497,"marks":55498,"value":39316,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":55500,"content":55502,"nodeType":883},{"uri":55501},"https://pushsecurity.com/",[55503],{"data":55504,"marks":55505,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[55506],{"type":1455},{"data":55508,"marks":55509,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App-Specific Password phishing: another novel way to get around passkeys and MFA","How App-Specific Password phishing is being used in the wild to bypass phishing-resistant authentication controls like passkeys. 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And with organizations now using hundreds of internet apps across their workforce, the scope of accounts that can be phished or targeted with stolen credentials has grown exponentially. ",{"data":56710,"content":56711,"nodeType":860},{},[56712],{"data":56713,"marks":56714,"value":56715,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With MFA-bypassing phishing kits the new normal, capable of phishing accounts protected by SMS, OTP, and push-based methods, detection controls are being put under constant pressure as prevention controls fall short. ",{"data":56717,"content":56718,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":56720,"content":56721,"nodeType":1009},{},[56722],{"data":56723,"marks":56724,"value":56726,"nodeType":864},{},[56725],{"type":899},"Attackers are bypassing detection controls",{"data":56728,"content":56729,"nodeType":860},{},[56730],{"data":56731,"marks":56732,"value":56733,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The majority of phishing detection and control enforcement is focused at the email and network layer — typically at the Secure Email Gateway (SEG), Secure Web Gateway (SWG)/proxy, or both. ",{"data":56735,"content":56736,"nodeType":860},{},[56737,56741,56750],{"data":56738,"marks":56739,"value":56740,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But attackers know this, ",{"data":56742,"content":56744,"nodeType":883},{"uri":56743},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/",[56745],{"data":56746,"marks":56747,"value":56749,"nodeType":864},{},[56748],{"type":1455},"and are taking steps to avoid these controls",{"data":56751,"marks":56752,"value":56753,"nodeType":864},{},[],", by:",{"data":56755,"content":56756,"nodeType":941},{},[56757,56767,56777],{"data":56758,"content":56759,"nodeType":945},{},[56760],{"data":56761,"content":56762,"nodeType":860},{},[56763],{"data":56764,"marks":56765,"value":56766,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Routinely evading IoC driven blocklists by dynamically rotating and updating commonly signatured elements like IPs, domains, and URLs.",{"data":56768,"content":56769,"nodeType":945},{},[56770],{"data":56771,"content":56772,"nodeType":860},{},[56773],{"data":56774,"marks":56775,"value":56776,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Preventing analysis of their phishing pages by implementing bot protection like CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile alongside other detection evasion methods. ",{"data":56778,"content":56779,"nodeType":945},{},[56780],{"data":56781,"content":56782,"nodeType":860},{},[56783],{"data":56784,"marks":56785,"value":56786,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Changing visual and DOM elements on the page so that even when the page is loaded, detection signatures may fail to trigger.  ",{"data":56788,"content":56792,"nodeType":996},{"target":56789},{"sys":56790},{"id":56791,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5w44LsamEfcwSACx3MA997",[],{"data":56794,"content":56795,"nodeType":860},{},[56796,56800,56809],{"data":56797,"marks":56798,"value":56799,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And in fact, by launching multi- and cross-channel attacks, attackers are evading email-based controls entirely. 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And this still doesn’t help with attacks launched over different mediums as we’ve highlighted above.",{"data":56845,"content":56846,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":56848,"content":56849,"nodeType":1009},{},[56850],{"data":56851,"marks":56852,"value":56854,"nodeType":864},{},[56853],{"type":899},"How browser-based detection and response can level the playing field",{"data":56856,"content":56857,"nodeType":860},{},[56858],{"data":56859,"marks":56860,"value":56861,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most phishing attacks involve the delivery of a malicious link to a user. The user clicks the link and loads a malicious page. In the vast majority of cases, the malicious page is a login portal for a specific website, where the goal for the attacker is to steal the victim’s account.",{"data":56863,"content":56864,"nodeType":860},{},[56865,56869,56874],{"data":56866,"marks":56867,"value":56868,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These attacks are happening pretty much exclusively in the victim’s browser. So rather than building more email or network based controls looking from the outside-in at phishing pages accessed in the browser, there’s a huge opportunity presented by building phishing detection and response capabilities ",{"data":56870,"marks":56871,"value":56873,"nodeType":864},{},[56872],{"type":2246},"inside",{"data":56875,"marks":56876,"value":56877,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the browser. ",{"data":56879,"content":56880,"nodeType":860},{},[56881,56885,56890],{"data":56882,"marks":56883,"value":56884,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we look at the history of detection and response, this makes a lot of sense. When endpoint attacks skyrocketed in the late 2000s / early 2010s, they took advantage of the fact that defenders were trying to detect malware with primarily network-based detections, signature-based analysis of files, and running files in sandboxes (which was reliably defeated with sandbox-aware malware and using things as simple as putting an execution delay in the code). But this gave way to EDR, which presented a better way of observing and intercepting malicious software in ",{"data":56886,"marks":56887,"value":56889,"nodeType":864},{},[56888],{"type":899},"real-time",{"data":56891,"marks":56892,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":56894,"content":56898,"nodeType":996},{"target":56895},{"sys":56896},{"id":56897,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1KFwJvbIMiWHb1erWlljZf",[],{"data":56900,"content":56901,"nodeType":860},{},[56902],{"data":56903,"marks":56904,"value":56905,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The key here was getting inside the data stream to be able to observe activity in real-time on the endpoint. ",{"data":56907,"content":56908,"nodeType":860},{},[56909],{"data":56910,"marks":56911,"value":56912,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re in a similar position today. Modern phishing attacks are happening on web pages accessed via the browser, and the tools we’re relying on — email, network, even endpoint — don’t have the required visibility. They’re looking from the outside-in. ",{"data":56914,"content":56918,"nodeType":996},{"target":56915},{"sys":56916},{"id":56917,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"59t6AcjpRjs3VQQXQO3PWu",[],{"data":56920,"content":56921,"nodeType":860},{},[56922,56926,56931],{"data":56923,"marks":56924,"value":56925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But what if we could do detection and response from ",{"data":56927,"marks":56928,"value":56930,"nodeType":864},{},[56929],{"type":899},"inside the browser?",{"data":56932,"marks":56933,"value":56934,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Here’s three reasons why the browser is best for stopping phishing attacks:",{"data":56936,"content":56937,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":56939,"content":56940,"nodeType":1009},{},[56941],{"data":56942,"marks":56943,"value":56945,"nodeType":864},{},[56944],{"type":899},"#1: Analyze pages, not links",{"data":56947,"content":56948,"nodeType":860},{},[56949],{"data":56950,"marks":56951,"value":56952,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Common phishing detections rely on the analysis of links or static HTML as opposed to malicious pages. Modern phishing pages are no longer static HTML — like most other modern web pages, these are dynamic web apps rendered in the browser, with JavaScript dynamically rewriting the page and launching the malicious content. This means that most basic, static checks fail to identify the malicious content running on the page. ",{"data":56954,"content":56955,"nodeType":860},{},[56956],{"data":56957,"marks":56958,"value":56959,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Without deeper analysis, you’re reliant on analyzing things like domains, URLs and IP addresses against known-bad blocklists. But these are all highly disposable. Attackers are buying them in bulk, constantly taking over legitimate domains, and generally planning for the fact that they’ll get through a lot of them. Modern phishing architecture is also able to dynamically rotate and update the links served to visitors from a continually refreshed pool (so every person that clicks the link gets served a different URL) and even going as far as using things like one-time magic links (which also means that any security team members trying to investigate the page later won’t be able to do so). ",{"data":56961,"content":56962,"nodeType":860},{},[56963],{"data":56964,"marks":56965,"value":56966,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ultimately, this means that blocklists just aren’t that effective — because it’s trivial for attackers to change the indicators being used to create detections. If you think about the Pyramid of Pain, these indicators sit right at the bottom — the kind of thing we’ve been moving away from for years in the endpoint security world.  ",{"data":56968,"content":56969,"nodeType":860},{},[56970],{"data":56971,"marks":56972,"value":56973,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But in the browser, you can observe the rendered web page in all its glory. With much deeper visibility of the page (and its malicious elements) you can…",{"data":56975,"content":56976,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":56978,"content":56979,"nodeType":1009},{},[56980],{"data":56981,"marks":56982,"value":56984,"nodeType":864},{},[56983],{"type":899},"#2: Detect TTPs, not IoCs",{"data":56986,"content":56987,"nodeType":860},{},[56988],{"data":56989,"marks":56990,"value":56991,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even where TTP-based detections are in play, they’re typically reliant on either piecing together network requests, or loading the page in a sandbox. ",{"data":56993,"content":56994,"nodeType":860},{},[56995],{"data":56996,"marks":56997,"value":56998,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, attackers are getting pretty good at evading sandbox analysis — simply by implementing bot protection by requiring user interaction with a CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile. Even if you can get past Turnstile, then you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, and execute JavaScript, to be served the malicious page. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":57000,"content":57001,"nodeType":860},{},[57002,57006,57015],{"data":57003,"marks":57004,"value":57005,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And if all this wasn’t enough, ",{"data":57007,"content":57009,"nodeType":883},{"uri":57008},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[57010],{"data":57011,"marks":57012,"value":57014,"nodeType":864},{},[57013],{"type":1455},"they’re also obfuscating both visual and DOM elements to prevent signature-based detections from picking them up",{"data":57016,"marks":57017,"value":57018,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — so even if you can land on the page, there’s a high chance that your detections won’t trigger.",{"data":57020,"content":57021,"nodeType":860},{},[57022],{"data":57023,"marks":57024,"value":57025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When using a proxy, you’ll have some visibility of the network traffic generated by a user accessing and interacting with a page. However, you’ll struggle to correlate key actions like whether the user entered their password with the specific tab when dealing with the sheer volume of disorganized network traffic data. ",{"data":57027,"content":57028,"nodeType":860},{},[57029],{"data":57030,"marks":57031,"value":57033,"nodeType":864},{},[57032],{"type":899},"But you get much better visibility of all this in the browser, with access to:",{"data":57035,"content":57036,"nodeType":941},{},[57037,57046,57056,57066],{"data":57038,"content":57039,"nodeType":945},{},[57040],{"data":57041,"content":57042,"nodeType":860},{},[57043],{"data":57044,"marks":57045,"value":46527,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":57047,"content":57048,"nodeType":945},{},[57049],{"data":57050,"content":57051,"nodeType":860},{},[57052],{"data":57053,"marks":57054,"value":57055,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full user interaction tracing — every click, keystroke, or DOM change can be traced",{"data":57057,"content":57058,"nodeType":945},{},[57059],{"data":57060,"content":57061,"nodeType":860},{},[57062],{"data":57063,"marks":57064,"value":57065,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full inspection at every layer of execution, not just initial HTML served",{"data":57067,"content":57068,"nodeType":945},{},[57069],{"data":57070,"content":57071,"nodeType":860},{},[57072],{"data":57073,"marks":57074,"value":57075,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Full access to browser APIs, to correlate with browser history, local storage, attached cookies, etc.",{"data":57077,"content":57078,"nodeType":860},{},[57079],{"data":57080,"marks":57081,"value":57082,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This gives you everything you need to build high-fidelity detections focused on page behavior and user interaction – that are much harder for attackers to get around when compared to IoC-based detections. ",{"data":57084,"content":57088,"nodeType":996},{"target":57085},{"sys":57086},{"id":57087,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1YggWcADAWgt3sUkXMsVIw",[],{"data":57090,"content":57091,"nodeType":860},{},[57092],{"data":57093,"marks":57094,"value":57095,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the browser, you get much better visibility of the user and page behavior to enable phishing page detection.",{"data":57097,"content":57101,"nodeType":996},{"target":57098},{"sys":57099},{"id":57100,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1BKgjnYkLJIRW0LJZYpfga",[],{"data":57103,"content":57104,"nodeType":860},{},[57105],{"data":57106,"marks":57107,"value":57108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And with this new visibility, because you’re in the browser and seeing the page at the same time as the user is interacting with it, you can…",{"data":57110,"content":57111,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":57113,"content":57114,"nodeType":1009},{},[57115],{"data":57116,"marks":57117,"value":57119,"nodeType":864},{},[57118],{"type":899},"#3: Intercept in real time, not post mortem",{"data":57121,"content":57122,"nodeType":860},{},[57123,57127,57132],{"data":57124,"marks":57125,"value":57126,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For non-browser solutions, ",{"data":57128,"marks":57129,"value":57131,"nodeType":864},{},[57130],{"type":899},"real-time phishing detection is basically nonexistent",{"data":57133,"marks":57134,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":57136,"content":57137,"nodeType":860},{},[57138],{"data":57139,"marks":57140,"value":57141,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At best, your proxy-based solution might be able to detect malicious behavior via the network traffic generated by your user interacting with the page. But because of the complexity of reconstructing network requests post-TLS-encryption, this typically happens on a time delay and is not entirely reliable. ",{"data":57143,"content":57144,"nodeType":860},{},[57145,57149,57154,57158,57163,57167,57171,57175,57180],{"data":57146,"marks":57147,"value":57148,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If a page is flagged, it usually requires further investigation by a security team to rule out any false positives and kick off an investigation. This can take ",{"data":57150,"marks":57151,"value":57153,"nodeType":864},{},[57152],{"type":899},"hours",{"data":57155,"marks":57156,"value":57157,"nodeType":864},{},[]," at best, probably ",{"data":57159,"marks":57160,"value":57162,"nodeType":864},{},[57161],{"type":899},"days",{"data":57164,"marks":57165,"value":57166,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Then, once a page is identified as malicious and IoCs are created, it can take ",{"data":57168,"marks":57169,"value":57162,"nodeType":864},{},[57170],{"type":899},{"data":57172,"marks":57173,"value":57174,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or even ",{"data":57176,"marks":57177,"value":57179,"nodeType":864},{},[57178],{"type":899},"weeks",{"data":57181,"marks":57182,"value":57183,"nodeType":864},{},[]," before the information is distributed, TI feeds are updated, and ingested into blocklists. ",{"data":57185,"content":57186,"nodeType":860},{},[57187,57191],{"data":57188,"marks":57189,"value":57190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But in the browser, you’re observing the page in real-time, as the user sees it, from inside the browser. This is a game changer when it comes to not just detecting, but intercepting and shutting down attacks before a user is phished and the damage is done. ",{"data":57192,"marks":57193,"value":57195,"nodeType":864},{},[57194],{"type":899},"This changes the focus from post mortem containment and cleanup, to pre-compromise interception in real time. ",{"data":57197,"content":57198,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":57200,"content":57201,"nodeType":1009},{},[57202],{"data":57203,"marks":57204,"value":57206,"nodeType":864},{},[57205],{"type":899},"The future of phishing detection and response is browser based",{"data":57208,"content":57209,"nodeType":860},{},[57210],{"data":57211,"marks":57212,"value":57213,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push provides a browser-based identity security solution that intercepts phishing attacks as they happen — in employee browsers. Being in the browser delivers a lot of advantages when it comes to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks. You see the live webpage that the user sees, as they see it, meaning you have much better visibility of malicious elements running on the page. It also means that you can implement real-time controls that kick in when a malicious element is detected. ",{"data":57215,"content":57216,"nodeType":860},{},[57217],{"data":57218,"marks":57219,"value":57220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a phishing attack hits a user with Push, regardless of the delivery channel, our browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page, detecting that:",{"data":57222,"content":57223,"nodeType":941},{},[57224,57234,57244],{"data":57225,"content":57226,"nodeType":945},{},[57227],{"data":57228,"content":57229,"nodeType":860},{},[57230],{"data":57231,"marks":57232,"value":57233,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The password the user is entering into the phishing site has been used to log into another site previously. This means that the password is being reused (bad) or the user is being phished (even worse).  ",{"data":57235,"content":57236,"nodeType":945},{},[57237],{"data":57238,"content":57239,"nodeType":860},{},[57240],{"data":57241,"marks":57242,"value":57243,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The web page is cloned from a legitimate login page that has been fingerprinted by Push. ",{"data":57245,"content":57246,"nodeType":945},{},[57247],{"data":57248,"content":57249,"nodeType":860},{},[57250],{"data":57251,"marks":57252,"value":57253,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A phishing toolkit is running on the web page. ",{"data":57255,"content":57256,"nodeType":860},{},[57257],{"data":57258,"marks":57259,"value":57260,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a result, the user is blocked from interacting with the phishing site and prevented from continuing. ",{"data":57262,"content":57263,"nodeType":860},{},[57264,57269,57278],{"data":57265,"marks":57266,"value":57268,"nodeType":864},{},[57267],{"type":899},"These are good examples of detections that are difficult (or impossible) for an attacker to evade — you can’t phish a victim if they can’t enter their credentials into your phishing site! ",{"data":57270,"content":57272,"nodeType":883},{"uri":57271},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/detecting-and-blocking-phishing-attacks-in-the-browser/?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[57273],{"data":57274,"marks":57275,"value":57277,"nodeType":864},{},[57276],{"type":1455},"Find out more about how Push detects and blocks phishing attacks here.",{"data":57279,"marks":57280,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":57282,"content":57286,"nodeType":996},{"target":57283},{"sys":57284},{"id":57285,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ixcEsEW4EyqckOTmP5Pbb",[],{"data":57288,"content":57292,"nodeType":996},{"target":57289},{"sys":57290},{"id":57291,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4PJKxWTroEPohYm4mklfl6",[],{"data":57294,"content":57295,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":57297,"content":57298,"nodeType":1009},{},[57299],{"data":57300,"marks":57301,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[57302],{"type":899},{"data":57304,"content":57305,"nodeType":860},{},[57306],{"data":57307,"marks":57308,"value":57309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It doesn’t stop there — Push provides comprehensive identity attack detection and response capabilities against techniques like credential stuffing, password spraying and session hijacking using stolen session tokens. You can also use Push to find and fix identity vulnerabilities across every app that your employees use like: ghost logins; SSO coverage gaps; MFA gaps; weak, breached and reused passwords; risky OAuth integrations; and more. ",{"data":57311,"content":57312,"nodeType":860},{},[57313,57316,57324],{"data":57314,"marks":57315,"value":39316,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":57317,"content":57319,"nodeType":883},{"uri":57318},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=12081956-FY25Q2_Hacker-News-Article&utm_source=thehackernews&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[57320],{"data":57321,"marks":57322,"value":20010,"nodeType":864},{},[57323],{"type":1455},{"data":57325,"marks":57326,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":57328,"content":57332,"nodeType":996},{"target":57329},{"sys":57330},{"id":57331,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2DviJNOMbKgbcqwkNl0LDP",[],{"data":57334,"content":57335,"nodeType":860},{},[57336],{"data":57337,"marks":57338,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Three reasons why browser is best for stopping phishing attacks","Why being in the browser gives defenders a key advantage over network and email phishing prevention, detection, and response tools. 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We call this an organization’s ",{"data":58080,"content":58084,"nodeType":6011},{"target":58081},{"sys":58082},{"id":58083,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1pJdOGN0dOd3BKVqO4CxHh",[58085],{"data":58086,"marks":58087,"value":58088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"identity attack surface",{"data":58090,"marks":58091,"value":58092,"nodeType":864},{},[]," because it represents the risks posed by insecure accounts and apps — even the ones you didn’t know about — that are ",{"data":58094,"content":58097,"nodeType":6011},{"target":58095},{"sys":58096},{"id":21334,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[58098],{"data":58099,"marks":58100,"value":58101,"nodeType":864},{},[],"increasingly targeted",{"data":58103,"marks":58104,"value":58105,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by attackers.",{"data":58107,"content":58108,"nodeType":860},{},[58109],{"data":58110,"marks":58111,"value":58112,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From this unique vantage point in the browser, Push can block identity attacks like credential phishing while also generating telemetry that security teams rely on for knowing what happened during an incident, such as what the user saw and did, and how big the blast radius is in terms of other compromised accounts.",{"data":58114,"content":58115,"nodeType":860},{},[58116],{"data":58117,"marks":58118,"value":58119,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By integrating with Cribl, Push customers can now:",{"data":58121,"content":58122,"nodeType":941},{},[58123,58133,58143,58153,58163],{"data":58124,"content":58125,"nodeType":945},{},[58126],{"data":58127,"content":58128,"nodeType":860},{},[58129],{"data":58130,"marks":58131,"value":58132,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Quickly ingest and transform Push data into Cribl in order to route it to their SIEM, SOAR, or other third-party system — without overwhelming their pipeline or running up costs on log volume.",{"data":58134,"content":58135,"nodeType":945},{},[58136],{"data":58137,"content":58138,"nodeType":860},{},[58139],{"data":58140,"marks":58141,"value":58142,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get immediate insights into identity security threats and posture across their environment by using Cribl’s out-of-the-box dashboards for Push telemetry.",{"data":58144,"content":58145,"nodeType":945},{},[58146],{"data":58147,"content":58148,"nodeType":860},{},[58149],{"data":58150,"marks":58151,"value":58152,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Easily create a snapshot of Push data to allow for historical comparisons and queries.",{"data":58154,"content":58155,"nodeType":945},{},[58156],{"data":58157,"content":58158,"nodeType":860},{},[58159],{"data":58160,"marks":58161,"value":58162,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Correlate Push data with other log sources such as their EDR and identity provider to get a fuller picture of identity security risks and incidents. ",{"data":58164,"content":58165,"nodeType":945},{},[58166],{"data":58167,"content":58168,"nodeType":860},{},[58169],{"data":58170,"marks":58171,"value":58172,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hunt across their data for risky user behaviors like suspicious login methods, signs of credential phishing or stolen sessions, and credential reuse.",{"data":58174,"content":58175,"nodeType":860},{},[58176],{"data":58177,"marks":58178,"value":58179,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s a closer look at what we built together and how you can use it.",{"data":58181,"content":58182,"nodeType":1009},{},[58183],{"data":58184,"marks":58185,"value":58186,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tooling built by the teams that actually use it",{"data":58188,"content":58189,"nodeType":860},{},[58190],{"data":58191,"marks":58192,"value":58193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The truth is, we selfishly had the idea to build this integration because we use Cribl at Push — and they use Push at Cribl. ",{"data":58195,"content":58196,"nodeType":860},{},[58197],{"data":58198,"marks":58199,"value":58200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As mutual users (and fans!) of each other’s products, our security teams had firsthand experience with the use cases, data, and possibilities that combining our capabilities presented.",{"data":58202,"content":58203,"nodeType":860},{},[58204],{"data":58205,"marks":58206,"value":58207,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“Our team had been using Push for a while, and I was already a big fan of their approach,” explains Alex Crusco, staff security engineer at Cribl. “So when we decided to build out-of-the-box security packs in Cribl, they were the first partner that came to mind. Identity is a top attack vector, and defending it isn’t easy. The combined power of Cribl and Push gives security teams the clarity and control to turn identity from a blind spot into a defensible asset.”",{"data":58209,"content":58210,"nodeType":860},{},[58211],{"data":58212,"marks":58213,"value":58214,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So here’s what we built:",{"data":58216,"content":58217,"nodeType":1312},{},[58218],{"data":58219,"marks":58220,"value":58221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cribl Stream pack for Push",{"data":58223,"content":58224,"nodeType":860},{},[58225],{"data":58226,"marks":58227,"value":58228,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using the Cribl Stream pack for Push, you get a preconfigured parser for individual Push events that automatically cleans and formats them for your exact use case so you can query the data directly in Cribl or route it somewhere else. ",{"data":58230,"content":58231,"nodeType":860},{},[58232],{"data":58233,"marks":58234,"value":58235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By sending Push data to Cribl, you can enable your security team to:",{"data":58237,"content":58238,"nodeType":941},{},[58239,58249,58259],{"data":58240,"content":58241,"nodeType":945},{},[58242],{"data":58243,"content":58244,"nodeType":860},{},[58245],{"data":58246,"marks":58247,"value":58248,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ingest and normalize telemetry on the employees, accounts, browsers, security findings, and detections observed by Push across your environment.",{"data":58250,"content":58251,"nodeType":945},{},[58252],{"data":58253,"content":58254,"nodeType":860},{},[58255],{"data":58256,"marks":58257,"value":58258,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Route specific alerts and events to your SIEM or other tool.",{"data":58260,"content":58261,"nodeType":945},{},[58262],{"data":58263,"content":58264,"nodeType":860},{},[58265],{"data":58266,"marks":58267,"value":58268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enrich Push data with other sources to expand the context for understanding events, or look for wider patterns.",{"data":58270,"content":58271,"nodeType":860},{},[58272],{"data":58273,"marks":58274,"value":58275,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push logs are pretty lightweight out of the box, but the Stream pack streamlines them further. By transforming or dropping some of the event fields (such as event headers), you can reduce your event size by 50%. This gives security teams the opportunity and flexibility to save on costs when sending events to systems that charge by log volume while also getting the data that security teams need where they need it.",{"data":58277,"content":58278,"nodeType":860},{},[58279,58283,58291],{"data":58280,"marks":58281,"value":58282,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can get the Cribl Stream pack for Push via the ",{"data":58284,"content":58286,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58285},"https://packs.cribl.io/packs/cc-push-security",[58287],{"data":58288,"marks":58289,"value":58290,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cribl Dispensary",{"data":58292,"marks":58293,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":58295,"content":58296,"nodeType":1312},{},[58297],{"data":58298,"marks":58299,"value":58300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cribl Search pack for Push",{"data":58302,"content":58303,"nodeType":860},{},[58304],{"data":58305,"marks":58306,"value":58307,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The other half of the equation is the Cribl Search pack for Push. Once you’ve got your Push data into Cribl, you can use it to populate pre-built dashboards provided by the Search pack.",{"data":58309,"content":58310,"nodeType":860},{},[58311],{"data":58312,"marks":58313,"value":58314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using the Cribl Search pack dashboards, you can:",{"data":58316,"content":58317,"nodeType":941},{},[58318,58328,58338],{"data":58319,"content":58320,"nodeType":945},{},[58321],{"data":58322,"content":58323,"nodeType":860},{},[58324],{"data":58325,"marks":58326,"value":58327,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Monitor the state of your Push Security deployment and identify any gaps in browser extension coverage.",{"data":58329,"content":58330,"nodeType":945},{},[58331],{"data":58332,"content":58333,"nodeType":860},{},[58334],{"data":58335,"marks":58336,"value":58337,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get a snapshot of security issues such as suspicious or unapproved login methods (e.g. local password logins on SSO apps); credential reuse; or signs of adversary-in-the-middle phishing incidents or stolen sessions.",{"data":58339,"content":58340,"nodeType":945},{},[58341],{"data":58342,"content":58343,"nodeType":860},{},[58344],{"data":58345,"marks":58346,"value":58347,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Deep dive into behavior data for a specific employee, to assist threat hunters and analysts with investigations or incident response.",{"data":58349,"content":58350,"nodeType":860},{},[58351],{"data":58352,"marks":58353,"value":58354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With the Search pack, you can also take a daily snapshot of your Push data to see trends across time when searching, or to conduct historical investigations.",{"data":58356,"content":58357,"nodeType":860},{},[58358,58362,58369],{"data":58359,"marks":58360,"value":58361,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can get the Cribl Search pack for Push via the ",{"data":58363,"content":58365,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58364},"https://packs.cribl.io/packs/cc-search-push-security",[58366],{"data":58367,"marks":58368,"value":58290,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":58370,"marks":58371,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":58373,"content":58374,"nodeType":1009},{},[58375],{"data":58376,"marks":58377,"value":58378,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Get started",{"data":58380,"content":58381,"nodeType":860},{},[58382],{"data":58383,"marks":58384,"value":58385,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To get started, you’ll need to be using both Cribl and Push. ",{"data":58387,"content":58388,"nodeType":860},{},[58389,58393,58401,58405,58412],{"data":58390,"marks":58391,"value":58392,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To get started using the Stream pack, you’ll need to configure a Stream source to receive data over HTTPS, then create a ",{"data":58394,"content":58396,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58395},"https://pushsecurity.redoc.ly/webhooks-v1/",[58397],{"data":58398,"marks":58399,"value":58400,"nodeType":864},{},[],"webhook",{"data":58402,"marks":58403,"value":58404,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in the Push admin console that points to your Cribl Stream source and download and install the Cribl Stream pack for Push. Follow the instructions in the ",{"data":58406,"content":58407,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58285},[58408],{"data":58409,"marks":58410,"value":58411,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stream pack description",{"data":58413,"marks":58414,"value":58415,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for guidance.",{"data":58417,"content":58418,"nodeType":860},{},[58419,58423,58431,58435,58442],{"data":58420,"marks":58421,"value":58422,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To get started using the Search pack, you’ll need to also set up the ",{"data":58424,"content":58426,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58425},"https://github.com/criblio/collector-templates/tree/main/collectors/rest/pushsecurity",[58427],{"data":58428,"marks":58429,"value":58430,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push REST collectors",{"data":58432,"marks":58433,"value":58434,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in Cribl Stream to ingest your Push data. Then import the Search pack into your Cribl instance. Follow the instructions in the ",{"data":58436,"content":58437,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58364},[58438],{"data":58439,"marks":58440,"value":58441,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Search pack description",{"data":58443,"marks":58444,"value":58415,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":58446,"content":58447,"nodeType":860},{},[58448,58452,58458],{"data":58449,"marks":58450,"value":58451,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not yet a user of Push yet, but want to learn more about how our data enables detection, response, and security investigations? ",{"data":58453,"content":58454,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6914},[58455],{"data":58456,"marks":58457,"value":51725,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":58459,"marks":58460,"value":58461,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with our team to chat.",{"entries":58463},{"block":58464,"inline":58465,"hyperlink":58466},[],[],[58467,58471],{"sys":58468,"__typename":2059,"title":58469,"slug":58470},{"id":58083},"Looking back on identity-based breaches in 2024","2024-identity-breaches",{"sys":58472,"__typename":2059,"title":58473,"slug":58474},{"id":21334},"Scattered Spider: TTP evolution in 2025","scattered-spider-ttp-evolution-in-2025",{"items":58476},[],{},"Integrate Cribl and Push Security","partnership","2025-06-03T00:00:00.000Z",{"items":58482},[58483],{"__typename":2059,"sys":58484,"content":58486,"title":58879,"synopsis":58880,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":58881,"slug":58882,"tagsCollection":58883,"authorsCollection":58891},{"id":58485},"7qYHyqnkvqQRbYn3nTi5br",{"json":58487},{"data":58488,"content":58489,"nodeType":856},{},[58490,58497,58504,58552,58559,58566,58573,58579,58598,58605,58627,58634,58641,58663,58669,58706,58713,58720,58726,58733,58740,58747,58754,58761,58838,58844,58862],{"data":58491,"content":58492,"nodeType":860},{},[58493],{"data":58494,"marks":58495,"value":58496,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While Push’s official mission is to stop identity attacks, our unofficial motto might be described as “don’t make security teams log into another tool if they don’t have to.”",{"data":58498,"content":58499,"nodeType":860},{},[58500],{"data":58501,"marks":58502,"value":58503,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To that end, we’re thrilled to announce a new integration with Panther that makes it possible in a few clicks to:",{"data":58505,"content":58506,"nodeType":941},{},[58507,58522,58537],{"data":58508,"content":58509,"nodeType":945},{},[58510],{"data":58511,"content":58512,"nodeType":860},{},[58513,58518],{"data":58514,"marks":58515,"value":58517,"nodeType":864},{},[58516],{"type":899},"Ingest Push logs",{"data":58519,"marks":58520,"value":58521,"nodeType":864},{},[]," into your Panther SIEM.",{"data":58523,"content":58524,"nodeType":945},{},[58525],{"data":58526,"content":58527,"nodeType":860},{},[58528,58533],{"data":58529,"marks":58530,"value":58532,"nodeType":864},{},[58531],{"type":899},"Use preconfigured data schemas",{"data":58534,"marks":58535,"value":58536,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for these logs without having to create your own.",{"data":58538,"content":58539,"nodeType":945},{},[58540],{"data":58541,"content":58542,"nodeType":860},{},[58543,58548],{"data":58544,"marks":58545,"value":58547,"nodeType":864},{},[58546],{"type":899},"Enable ready-made detections",{"data":58549,"marks":58550,"value":58551,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for Push webhook events, including session token theft and adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) phishing toolkits.",{"data":58553,"content":58554,"nodeType":860},{},[58555],{"data":58556,"marks":58557,"value":58558,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The combination of Push’s unique telemetry, powered by the Push browser agent, and Panther’s correlation and log normalization capabilities was a perfect match, explains Panther’s Head of Partnerships, Andrew Dooley.",{"data":58560,"content":58561,"nodeType":860},{},[58562],{"data":58563,"marks":58564,"value":58565,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“As a SIEM, we’re looking for where we can find the most impactful security information in our customers’ environments to bring into Panther,” Dooley says. ",{"data":58567,"content":58568,"nodeType":860},{},[58569],{"data":58570,"marks":58571,"value":58572,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“With identity-based attacks being so common and impactful, identity telemetry data directly from users' browsers is exactly the kind of high-impact logs we want to support our customers’ threat detection and investigation workflows.”",{"data":58574,"content":58578,"nodeType":996},{"target":58575},{"sys":58576},{"id":58577,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"77bCOg5nPKjyKdhH77dUox",[],{"data":58580,"content":58581,"nodeType":860},{},[58582,58586,58594],{"data":58583,"marks":58584,"value":58585,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’ll highlight some of the use cases you can achieve with the Push-Panther integration. Or, if you prefer, you can ",{"data":58587,"content":58589,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58588},"https://docs.panther.com/data-onboarding/supported-logs/push-security",[58590],{"data":58591,"marks":58592,"value":58593,"nodeType":864},{},[],"dive into the docs",{"data":58595,"marks":58596,"value":58597,"nodeType":864},{},[]," right away.",{"data":58599,"content":58600,"nodeType":1009},{},[58601],{"data":58602,"marks":58603,"value":58604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How to detect session token theft with Push and Panther",{"data":58606,"content":58607,"nodeType":860},{},[58608,58612,58623],{"data":58609,"marks":58610,"value":58611,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A key use case we set out to solve with the Push-Panther integration is detecting ",{"data":58613,"content":58617,"nodeType":6011},{"target":58614},{"sys":58615},{"id":58616,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Uvqu6LcWzOVfA9mxtu841",[58618],{"data":58619,"marks":58620,"value":58622,"nodeType":864},{},[58621],{"type":899},"session token theft",{"data":58624,"marks":58625,"value":58626,"nodeType":864},{},[],", a session hijacking technique where endpoint malware such as an infostealer is used to extract sessions and other valuable data from a device.",{"data":58628,"content":58629,"nodeType":860},{},[58630],{"data":58631,"marks":58632,"value":58633,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using stolen tokens, attackers don’t even need to bypass MFA; they can just log in by importing the session cookie into their browser.",{"data":58635,"content":58636,"nodeType":860},{},[58637],{"data":58638,"marks":58639,"value":58640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the past, writing high-fidelity detections for session token theft has been extremely challenging because there was only squishy ground to stand on: IP-based or geo-based signals are noisy and frequently inaccurate.",{"data":58642,"content":58643,"nodeType":860},{},[58644,58648,58659],{"data":58645,"marks":58646,"value":58647,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push recently released our ",{"data":58649,"content":58653,"nodeType":6011},{"target":58650},{"sys":58651},{"id":58652,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1UMZdjyNQt4Y7NBb2wuK4L",[58654],{"data":58655,"marks":58656,"value":58658,"nodeType":864},{},[58657],{"type":899},"session token theft detection",{"data":58660,"marks":58661,"value":58662,"nodeType":864},{},[]," feature, which uses the Push browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push.",{"data":58664,"content":58668,"nodeType":996},{"target":58665},{"sys":58666},{"id":58667,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3zQamWSaZFIbMUhQZtM2II",[],{"data":58670,"content":58671,"nodeType":860},{},[58672,58676,58685,58689,58693,58697,58702],{"data":58673,"marks":58674,"value":58675,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Things get interesting when you plug Push telemetry into Panther’s new ",{"data":58677,"content":58679,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58678},"https://docs.panther.com/detections/correlation-rules",[58680],{"data":58681,"marks":58682,"value":58684,"nodeType":864},{},[58683],{"type":899},"Correlation Rules",{"data":58686,"marks":58687,"value":58688,"nodeType":864},{},[]," feature (or perform a correlation in your other SIEM of choice). By analyzing logs from your IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both ",{"data":58690,"marks":58691,"value":40032,"nodeType":864},{},[58692],{"type":2246},{"data":58694,"marks":58695,"value":58696,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and that ",{"data":58698,"marks":58699,"value":58701,"nodeType":864},{},[58700],{"type":2246},"lacks",{"data":58703,"marks":58704,"value":58705,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the Push marker, a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is being used by an adversary.",{"data":58707,"content":58708,"nodeType":860},{},[58709],{"data":58710,"marks":58711,"value":58712,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“Being able to correlate high-fidelity browser telemetry data with IdP logs and even more traditional endpoint logs is a powerful enabler for our users in catching bad actor behavior fast and early,” says Dooley, Panther’s Head of Partnerships.",{"data":58714,"content":58715,"nodeType":860},{},[58716],{"data":58717,"marks":58718,"value":58719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Check out this video demo from Joe Stanulis, solutions engineer team lead at Push, and Nicholas Hakmiller, senior engineering manager at Panther, to see how Push and Panther combine their powers to detect session token theft.",{"data":58721,"content":58725,"nodeType":996},{"target":58722},{"sys":58723},{"id":58724,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2hUt3IqTFlCMgC0jHTau58",[],{"data":58727,"content":58728,"nodeType":860},{},[58729],{"data":58730,"marks":58731,"value":58732,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As Dooley explains, “Push’s approach of generating visibility as well as security findings aligns well with Panther’s approach of centralizing customers’ security alerts but also combining multiple signals from different sources into one finding. For example, the Push agent can block phishing attacks when in Block mode, but when in Monitor mode, those findings can be sent to Panther to be correlated with other activity like unusual Okta logins to create a single alert that tells a more complete story of a user being compromised. ",{"data":58734,"content":58735,"nodeType":860},{},[58736],{"data":58737,"marks":58738,"value":58739,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“Similarly, the Push user agent string marker leaves a very visible fingerprint in logs from other systems, making it easy to incorporate this Push feature into Panther detections across a variety of log sources and use cases.”",{"data":58741,"content":58742,"nodeType":1009},{},[58743],{"data":58744,"marks":58745,"value":58746,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What else can you do with Push and your SIEM?",{"data":58748,"content":58749,"nodeType":860},{},[58750],{"data":58751,"marks":58752,"value":58753,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a browser agent, Push is uniquely positioned to provide telemetry on your identity infrastructure that you can’t easily get elsewhere. This data is a key element to stopping identity attacks and account takeover by providing the context security teams need to write detections and to perform correlations with existing log sources, such as an identity provider.",{"data":58755,"content":58756,"nodeType":860},{},[58757],{"data":58758,"marks":58759,"value":58760,"nodeType":864},{},[],"General use cases for ingesting Push data into your SIEM include:",{"data":58762,"content":58763,"nodeType":941},{},[58764,58793,58808,58823],{"data":58765,"content":58766,"nodeType":945},{},[58767],{"data":58768,"content":58769,"nodeType":860},{},[58770,58775,58779,58789],{"data":58771,"marks":58772,"value":58774,"nodeType":864},{},[58773],{"type":899},"Detecting phishing attempts",{"data":58776,"marks":58777,"value":58778,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from ",{"data":58780,"content":58784,"nodeType":6011},{"target":58781},{"sys":58782},{"id":58783,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4EfGLsD4qOkE4AoTUoL83m",[58785],{"data":58786,"marks":58787,"value":58788,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing tools",{"data":58790,"marks":58791,"value":58792,"nodeType":864},{},[]," like Evilginx or EvilNoVNC.",{"data":58794,"content":58795,"nodeType":945},{},[58796],{"data":58797,"content":58798,"nodeType":860},{},[58799,58804],{"data":58800,"marks":58801,"value":58803,"nodeType":864},{},[58802],{"type":899},"Monitoring for suspicious activity or high-risk changes",{"data":58805,"marks":58806,"value":58807,"nodeType":864},{},[]," such as MFA method changes or reuse of corporate SSO passwords on other apps.",{"data":58809,"content":58810,"nodeType":945},{},[58811],{"data":58812,"content":58813,"nodeType":860},{},[58814,58819],{"data":58815,"marks":58816,"value":58818,"nodeType":864},{},[58817],{"type":899},"Hardening identities and flagging poor hygiene behaviors",{"data":58820,"marks":58821,"value":58822,"nodeType":864},{},[],", such as logging into SSO-protected apps with local accounts or reusing passwords across business applications.",{"data":58824,"content":58825,"nodeType":945},{},[58826],{"data":58827,"content":58828,"nodeType":860},{},[58829,58834],{"data":58830,"marks":58831,"value":58833,"nodeType":864},{},[58832],{"type":899},"Detecting the use of stolen session tokens",{"data":58835,"marks":58836,"value":58837,"nodeType":864},{},[],", indicating a compromised identity and device, as discussed earlier.",{"data":58839,"content":58840,"nodeType":1009},{},[58841],{"data":58842,"marks":58843,"value":40946,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":58845,"content":58846,"nodeType":860},{},[58847,58851,58858],{"data":58848,"marks":58849,"value":58850,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To see Push in action, ",{"data":58852,"content":58854,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58853},"/demo/",[58855],{"data":58856,"marks":58857,"value":5865,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":58859,"marks":58860,"value":58861,"nodeType":864},{},[],". 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attacks using Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) kits are increasingly the default for both credential harvesting campaigns and targeted phishing attacks. It’s easy to see why, too:",{"data":59997,"content":59998,"nodeType":941},{},[59999,60009,60019],{"data":60000,"content":60001,"nodeType":945},{},[60002],{"data":60003,"content":60004,"nodeType":860},{},[60005],{"data":60006,"marks":60007,"value":60008,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They’re very difficult to spot as a user and often function like the real page should, logging the victim into the genuine site once the phish is complete",{"data":60010,"content":60011,"nodeType":945},{},[60012],{"data":60013,"content":60014,"nodeType":860},{},[60015],{"data":60016,"marks":60017,"value":60018,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They’re incredibly scalable, and attackers have an increasing number of options to choose from when it comes to off-the-shelf tools and commercial Phishing-as-a-Service offerings ",{"data":60020,"content":60021,"nodeType":945},{},[60022],{"data":60023,"content":60024,"nodeType":860},{},[60025],{"data":60026,"marks":60027,"value":60028,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And most importantly, they reliably bypass 99% of the MFA methods encountered in the wild, defeating OTP, SMS and push-based authentication",{"data":60030,"content":60031,"nodeType":860},{},[60032],{"data":60033,"marks":60034,"value":60035,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are basically no downsides to AitM for an attacker. But all the same, they don’t get all that much publicity — probably because traditional phishing prevention solutions are failing to detect them (before the attack succeeds, anyway — and nobody really wants to own up to that). ",{"data":60037,"content":60038,"nodeType":860},{},[60039,60043,60052],{"data":60040,"marks":60041,"value":60042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, it’s refreshing to see Troy Hunt, creator of the widely used Have I Been Pwned (HIBP) service, ",{"data":60044,"content":60046,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60045},"https://www.troyhunt.com/a-sneaky-phish-just-grabbed-my-mailchimp-mailing-list/",[60047],{"data":60048,"marks":60049,"value":60051,"nodeType":864},{},[60050],{"type":1455},"publicly discussing a recent attack he fell victim to",{"data":60053,"marks":60054,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":60056,"content":60057,"nodeType":860},{},[60058],{"data":60059,"marks":60060,"value":60061,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we consider the significance of Troy failing to spot the phish — the creator of one of the most widely used services for stolen passwords, working with government on phishing prevention guidance — let's start by breaking down the attack itself. ",{"data":60063,"content":60064,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":60066,"content":60067,"nodeType":1009},{},[60068],{"data":60069,"marks":60070,"value":20355,"nodeType":864},{},[60071],{"type":899},{"data":60073,"content":60074,"nodeType":860},{},[60075],{"data":60076,"marks":60077,"value":60078,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Troy received a phishing email appearing to be from MailChimp prompting him to sign into his account, with the lure informing him it had had been restricted due to a spam complaint",{"data":60080,"content":60084,"nodeType":996},{"target":60081},{"sys":60082},{"id":60083,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5A4CPvTyKhClC8LgHY5916",[],{"data":60086,"content":60087,"nodeType":860},{},[60088],{"data":60089,"marks":60090,"value":60091,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The email matched Mailchimp’s brand, but the sender address was obviously suspicious. Unfortunately, Troy initially accessed the email via mobile, which hid the sender address — which he then missed when accessing from his PC. ",{"data":60093,"content":60097,"nodeType":996},{"target":60094},{"sys":60095},{"id":60096,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1JWw4jO3qxxJeHO3qtMuZc",[],{"data":60099,"content":60103,"nodeType":996},{"target":60100},{"sys":60101},{"id":60102,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1ebM2R90arTKlCmxmtvYjz",[],{"data":60105,"content":60106,"nodeType":860},{},[60107],{"data":60108,"marks":60109,"value":60110,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Troy was directed to the page hxxps://mailchimp-sso.com. Troy entered his credentials and MFA token and logged in. The page hung and he realized he had been phished…",{"data":60112,"content":60113,"nodeType":860},{},[60114,60118,60125],{"data":60115,"marks":60116,"value":60117,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack then automatically executed, with the attacker exporting 16,000 contact records from MailChimp and creating an API key to provide backdoor access to the app (a form of ",{"data":60119,"content":60120,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[60121],{"data":60122,"marks":60123,"value":34615,"nodeType":864},{},[60124],{"type":1455},{"data":60126,"marks":60127,"value":26415,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":60129,"content":60133,"nodeType":996},{"target":60130},{"sys":60131},{"id":60132,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2MDWfQFU69GaiMCxdvvq8U",[],{"data":60135,"content":60136,"nodeType":860},{},[60137],{"data":60138,"marks":60139,"value":60140,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s have a look at what makes this attack interesting. ",{"data":60142,"content":60143,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":60145,"content":60146,"nodeType":1009},{},[60147],{"data":60148,"marks":60149,"value":60151,"nodeType":864},{},[60150],{"type":899},"Breaking the attack down",{"data":60153,"content":60154,"nodeType":860},{},[60155,60159,60167],{"data":60156,"marks":60157,"value":60158,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As far as ",{"data":60160,"content":60161,"nodeType":883},{"uri":56743},[60162],{"data":60163,"marks":60164,"value":60166,"nodeType":864},{},[60165],{"type":1455},"some of the AitM attacks we’ve observed in the wild",{"data":60168,"marks":60169,"value":60170,"nodeType":864},{},[]," go, this wasn’t the most advanced example we’ve seen: ",{"data":60172,"content":60173,"nodeType":941},{},[60174,60184],{"data":60175,"content":60176,"nodeType":945},{},[60177],{"data":60178,"content":60179,"nodeType":860},{},[60180],{"data":60181,"marks":60182,"value":60183,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It didn’t try to obfuscate the notably suspicious sender address or use a legit SaaS service to give the email sender a reputable domain.",{"data":60185,"content":60186,"nodeType":945},{},[60187],{"data":60188,"content":60189,"nodeType":860},{},[60190],{"data":60191,"marks":60192,"value":60193,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It didn’t see the victim access the real login page, and instead terminated the connection at the point the credentials were captured — meaning Troy was immediately suspicious (I guess it doesn’t really matter given the attack executed instantly, automatically).",{"data":60195,"content":60196,"nodeType":860},{},[60197],{"data":60198,"marks":60199,"value":60200,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, it did use a few interesting tricks and techniques. ",{"data":60202,"content":60203,"nodeType":1312},{},[60204],{"data":60205,"marks":60206,"value":60208,"nodeType":864},{},[60207],{"type":899},"Enumerating suitable victims",{"data":60210,"content":60211,"nodeType":860},{},[60212],{"data":60213,"marks":60214,"value":60215,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s notable that Troy claims the email he used to access MailChimp wasn’t used anywhere else — meaning the attacker probably guessed it. The domain is partially obscured here but it's likely that this is Troy’s own personal domain. It isn’t too much of a stretch to imagine that organizations frequently set up dedicated email addresses for their MailChimp accounts or newsletters generally (e.g. mailchimp@exampledomain.com). ",{"data":60217,"content":60218,"nodeType":860},{},[60219],{"data":60220,"marks":60221,"value":60222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Undeniably, Troy’s MailChimp account is probably more of a target than most given the success of his newsletter, but it’s still likely that the attacker spammed many possible address and domain combinations to see what stuck. There’s a degree of luck, but also some smart guesswork at play here. ",{"data":60224,"content":60228,"nodeType":996},{"target":60225},{"sys":60226},{"id":60227,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5TgXthj5tsvWX87QHZH1WQ",[],{"data":60230,"content":60231,"nodeType":1312},{},[60232],{"data":60233,"marks":60234,"value":60236,"nodeType":864},{},[60235],{"type":899},"Using legit services like Cloudflare to defeat detections ",{"data":60238,"content":60239,"nodeType":860},{},[60240,60244,60252],{"data":60241,"marks":60242,"value":60243,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker used Cloudflare to host the domain, which is ",{"data":60245,"content":60246,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[60247],{"data":60248,"marks":60249,"value":60251,"nodeType":864},{},[60250],{"type":1455},"consistent with what we’ve observed attackers doing in the wild",{"data":60253,"marks":60254,"value":60255,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Even if this means that Cloudflare will probably take the domain down eventually, they aren’t great at identifying the page right away. Given the rate at which attacker infrastructure is burned and rotated, the pros outweigh the cons for the attacker by giving the site legitimate hosting infrastructure, which can defeat some of the common checks performed by anti-phishing tools.",{"data":60257,"content":60258,"nodeType":860},{},[60259,60263,60271],{"data":60260,"marks":60261,"value":60262,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Troy also mentions seeing a 'Cloudflare anti-automation widget' when accessing the page, which is most likely Cloudflare Turnstile — a creative alternative to CAPTCHA to prevent security bots from accessing and loading malicious pages to analyse them. We've seen attackers use Turnstile ",{"data":60264,"content":60265,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[60266],{"data":60267,"marks":60268,"value":60270,"nodeType":864},{},[60269],{"type":1455},"along with a host of other obfuscation techniques",{"data":60272,"marks":60273,"value":60274,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to defeat common detections by preventing security tools from analysing the malicious page. ",{"data":60276,"content":60280,"nodeType":996},{"target":60277},{"sys":60278},{"id":60279,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2X1r1qbE5CVcJ0xVcESGK7",[],{"data":60282,"content":60283,"nodeType":860},{},[60284],{"data":60285,"marks":60286,"value":60287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Although this page has now been taken down, the campaign undoubtedly continues — another will have been rotated in to take its place. ",{"data":60289,"content":60293,"nodeType":996},{"target":60290},{"sys":60291},{"id":60292,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"26wnNFTED2f6O1HtqL3Cgu",[],{"data":60295,"content":60296,"nodeType":1312},{},[60297],{"data":60298,"marks":60299,"value":60301,"nodeType":864},{},[60300],{"type":899},"Configuring ghost logins via API keys to backdoor the account ",{"data":60303,"content":60304,"nodeType":860},{},[60305,60309,60318,60322,60330],{"data":60306,"marks":60307,"value":60308,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker also configured an API key — a smart way to backdoor an app and something we’ve previously ",{"data":60310,"content":60312,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60311},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/phishing-detecting-evilginx-evilnovnc-muraena-and-modlishka",[60313],{"data":60314,"marks":60315,"value":60317,"nodeType":864},{},[60316],{"type":1455},"demonstrated in our webinars",{"data":60319,"marks":60320,"value":60321,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as a ",{"data":60323,"content":60324,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[60325],{"data":60326,"marks":60327,"value":60329,"nodeType":864},{},[60328],{"type":1455},"SaaS-native attack technique",{"data":60331,"marks":60332,"value":60333,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for persistence. It means that even if the credentials are changed, the attacker can maintain access to the account.",{"data":60335,"content":60339,"nodeType":996},{"target":60336},{"sys":60337},{"id":60338,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"35GkKL1rXnWHNZa1EBHLyD",[],{"data":60341,"content":60342,"nodeType":860},{},[60343],{"data":60344,"marks":60345,"value":60346,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now, as a security pro, Troy noticed this and deleted it — but many less technical victims wouldn’t know to do this. It’s also not unusual for automated emails from applications to go to spam — meaning some victims potentially wouldn’t spot the notification sent to them. ",{"data":60348,"content":60349,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":60351,"content":60352,"nodeType":1009},{},[60353],{"data":60354,"marks":60355,"value":60357,"nodeType":864},{},[60356],{"type":899},"But — why MailChimp? ",{"data":60359,"content":60360,"nodeType":860},{},[60361],{"data":60362,"marks":60363,"value":60364,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This was the big question we asked ourselves when looking into this attack. Most phishing attacks targeting businesses tend to focus on core platforms like Microsoft, Google Workspace, etc. — usually Identity Providers (IdPs) that provide both access to email and downstream apps via SSO. It’s the biggest bang for their buck and most tooling is preconfigured to support these platforms. So MailChimp seems an unusual choice at first glance. ",{"data":60366,"content":60367,"nodeType":860},{},[60368,60372,60381],{"data":60369,"marks":60370,"value":60371,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But, we’ve seen recently that it's getting easier for attackers to ",{"data":60373,"content":60375,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60374},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/darcula-phaas-can-now-auto-generate-phishing-kits-for-any-brand/",[60376],{"data":60377,"marks":60378,"value":60380,"nodeType":864},{},[60379],{"type":1455},"impersonate a broader range of brands",{"data":60382,"marks":60383,"value":60384,"nodeType":864},{},[],". And there’s something to be said for targeting an app like MailChimp — your guard is naturally probably lower than it would be for a Microsoft-based phish, increasing the chance of success. ",{"data":60386,"content":60387,"nodeType":860},{},[60388],{"data":60389,"marks":60390,"value":60391,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But what’s the payout? The data collected doesn’t seem to be overly valuable — 16k records including email address, IP, and rough geolocation data. Not particularly exploitable by itself…",{"data":60393,"content":60397,"nodeType":996},{"target":60394},{"sys":60395},{"id":60396,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"OjZtHXit6WO6Zd9tCUYpJ",[],{"data":60399,"content":60400,"nodeType":1312},{},[60401],{"data":60402,"marks":60403,"value":60405,"nodeType":864},{},[60404],{"type":899},"Part of a multi stage attack? ",{"data":60407,"content":60408,"nodeType":860},{},[60409],{"data":60410,"marks":60411,"value":60412,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This gets a lot more interesting when you consider the different things an attacker might do as part of a broader campaign. ",{"data":60414,"content":60415,"nodeType":860},{},[60416],{"data":60417,"marks":60418,"value":60419,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With access to MailChimp, an attacker can send emails on behalf of the compromised account. These emails are highly trusted and expected from the sender, meaning people receiving them are much more likely to engage with the content, click the links, etc. ",{"data":60421,"content":60422,"nodeType":860},{},[60423],{"data":60424,"marks":60425,"value":60426,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So what if an attacker compromised an account, inserted a load of malicious links into the newsletter, and used it in itself as a mass-phishing vector, designed to capture user credentials or deliver malware? Pretty devious! If you scale this up across multiple victims (and not all of them realize that they’ve been phished) you’ve suddenly got your hands on an incredibly valuable phishing vector that is much more likely to succeed than your average cold approach. ",{"data":60428,"content":60429,"nodeType":860},{},[60430],{"data":60431,"marks":60432,"value":60433,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Then, with the additional victims, you could target accounts that are much more inherently valuable to an attacker. You could:",{"data":60435,"content":60436,"nodeType":941},{},[60437,60469,60492],{"data":60438,"content":60439,"nodeType":945},{},[60440],{"data":60441,"content":60442,"nodeType":860},{},[60443,60447,60454,60458,60465],{"data":60444,"marks":60445,"value":60446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Deploy infostealer malware, which has dominated the headlines since the success of the ",{"data":60448,"content":60449,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[60450],{"data":60451,"marks":60452,"value":36644,"nodeType":864},{},[60453],{"type":1455},{"data":60455,"marks":60456,"value":60457,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks last year, and are continually resulting in data breaches via attackers logging into apps using stolen credentials such as the recent attacks on ",{"data":60459,"content":60460,"nodeType":883},{"uri":51321},[60461],{"data":60462,"marks":60463,"value":37143,"nodeType":864},{},[60464],{"type":1455},{"data":60466,"marks":60467,"value":60468,"nodeType":864},{},[]," platforms.",{"data":60470,"content":60471,"nodeType":945},{},[60472],{"data":60473,"content":60474,"nodeType":860},{},[60475,60479,60488],{"data":60476,"marks":60477,"value":60478,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Target personal apps for banking, email, e-com, and other easily monetizable services — which is increasingly easy to do at-scale using ",{"data":60480,"content":60482,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60481},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-atlantis-aio-automates-credential-stuffing-on-140-services/",[60483],{"data":60484,"marks":60485,"value":60487,"nodeType":864},{},[60486],{"type":1455},"tooling for hire",{"data":60489,"marks":60490,"value":60491,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with stolen credentials.",{"data":60493,"content":60494,"nodeType":945},{},[60495],{"data":60496,"content":60497,"nodeType":860},{},[60498],{"data":60499,"marks":60500,"value":60501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even attempt to deploy ransomware and other malicious software to progress an attack on user devices and networks (a pretty relevant use case for the many subscribers of Troy’s newsletter accessing it on their corporate device!).",{"data":60503,"content":60504,"nodeType":860},{},[60505],{"data":60506,"marks":60507,"value":60508,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even grabbing the list of newsletter sign-ups could enable the attacker to perform this attack from a different MailChimp account, so anyone subscribed to Troy’s newsletter should be wary of emails impersonating Troy’s newsletter reaching them from a different sender address than usual. ",{"data":60510,"content":60511,"nodeType":1312},{},[60512],{"data":60513,"marks":60514,"value":60516,"nodeType":864},{},[60515],{"type":899},"Account security limitations",{"data":60518,"content":60519,"nodeType":860},{},[60520,60524,60532],{"data":60521,"marks":60522,"value":60523,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the theme of MailChimp, it’s also notable that MailChimp doesn’t appear to offer SAML support. ",{"data":60525,"content":60527,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60526},"https://www.okta.com/integrations/mailchimp/",[60528],{"data":60529,"marks":60530,"value":60531,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Okta lists the app as only available for SWA",{"data":60533,"marks":60534,"value":60535,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (where separate credentials are created to access the app, managed through Okta — more like a password manager than genuine SSO via SAML or OIDC).",{"data":60537,"content":60541,"nodeType":996},{"target":60538},{"sys":60539},{"id":60540,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7b4RZhUIqJMF1OxmyR0qKH",[],{"data":60543,"content":60544,"nodeType":860},{},[60545],{"data":60546,"marks":60547,"value":60548,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This means you’re forced to use a username and password. Your only SSO option is to sign in with Google — which many non-Google Workspace users may not have access to. ",{"data":60550,"content":60551,"nodeType":860},{},[60552],{"data":60553,"marks":60554,"value":60555,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As Troy points out, MailChimp also fails to offer support for phishing-resistant MFA. This is pretty typical (if disappointing) for the long tail of SaaS apps, which typically leave WebAuthn / passkey support to the IdP. Except in this case, support for SSO in general is limited, meaning you can only use passkeys if you’re logging in with Google. ",{"data":60557,"content":60561,"nodeType":996},{"target":60558},{"sys":60559},{"id":60560,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2lT7fBiOq4JxpMxSLrdUOv",[],{"data":60563,"content":60564,"nodeType":860},{},[60565],{"data":60566,"marks":60567,"value":60568,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So it’s possible that attackers have noticed that accounts in MailChimp are far more likely to have insecure accounts than other traditional phishing targets — simply because they cannot be configured as securely. ",{"data":60570,"content":60574,"nodeType":996},{"target":60571},{"sys":60572},{"id":60573,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"30APqb65kzTA4ySWJIkxGh",[],{"data":60576,"content":60577,"nodeType":1312},{},[60578],{"data":60579,"marks":60580,"value":60582,"nodeType":864},{},[60581],{"type":899},"It might not just be MailChimp",{"data":60584,"content":60585,"nodeType":860},{},[60586],{"data":60587,"marks":60588,"value":60589,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It looks like the same attackers have previously targeted ActiveCampaign, a marketing email and automation platform, based on GitHub comments from December. A domain previously flagged as malicious relating to ActiveCampaign currently redirects to the malicious MailChimp domain seen in Troy’s attack.",{"data":60591,"content":60595,"nodeType":996},{"target":60592},{"sys":60593},{"id":60594,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7M8W9vAYdqPN8NMU8Ug7jq",[],{"data":60597,"content":60601,"nodeType":996},{"target":60598},{"sys":60599},{"id":60600,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7CJfZwc9BpzIL7Fma1Y6o1",[],{"data":60603,"content":60604,"nodeType":860},{},[60605],{"data":60606,"marks":60607,"value":60608,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This could point to a broader campaign targeting similar SaaS platforms for marketing automation and email distribution.",{"data":60610,"content":60611,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":60613,"content":60614,"nodeType":1009},{},[60615],{"data":60616,"marks":60617,"value":60619,"nodeType":864},{},[60618],{"type":899},"Closing thoughts",{"data":60621,"content":60622,"nodeType":860},{},[60623,60627,60634,60637,60646],{"data":60624,"marks":60625,"value":60626,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MailChimp might seem an unusual target but there are a lot of ways that attackers can abuse SaaS services, as we’ve discussed at length in our public research with the ",{"data":60628,"content":60629,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[60630],{"data":60631,"marks":60632,"value":48508,"nodeType":864},{},[60633],{"type":1455},{"data":60635,"marks":60636,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":60638,"content":60640,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60639},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/",[60641],{"data":60642,"marks":60643,"value":60645,"nodeType":864},{},[60644],{"type":1455},"many webinars and conference talks",{"data":60647,"marks":60648,"value":60649,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Account takeover through modern phishing attacks like the one we've analysed here is key to unlocking this attack surface. ",{"data":60651,"content":60652,"nodeType":860},{},[60653],{"data":60654,"marks":60655,"value":60656,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the vast majority of phishing attacks that we observe do focus on core platforms like Microsoft, Google Workspace and Okta, it makes sense that attackers are broadening their focus to take advantage of the fact that phishing targeting these accounts is less obviously a target, and these accounts are often much less securely configured. But there are many ways to target the interconnected ecosystem of SaaS apps in creative ways that most organizations (and users) are seriously underprepared for. ",{"data":60658,"content":60659,"nodeType":860},{},[60660,60664,60672],{"data":60661,"marks":60662,"value":60663,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers have been targeting consumers and individuals via their sprawl of internet apps for some time — are more business-focused threat groups waking up to the opportunity of targeting SaaS? After all, it’s a ",{"data":60665,"content":60666,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46342},[60667],{"data":60668,"marks":60669,"value":60671,"nodeType":864},{},[60670],{"type":1455},"great way to evade established controls elsewhere on the network and endpoints",{"data":60673,"marks":60674,"value":60675,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and you can achieve your objectives simply by logging in to (often weakly secured) user accounts.  ",{"data":60677,"content":60678,"nodeType":860},{},[60679],{"data":60680,"marks":60681,"value":60682,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The moral of the story? Phishing attacks are getting pretty sophisticated (and often much more sophisticated than this). Even security pros get phished sometimes!",{"data":60684,"content":60685,"nodeType":1116},{},[60686],{"data":60687,"content":60688,"nodeType":860},{},[60689],{"data":60690,"marks":60691,"value":60693,"nodeType":864},{},[60692],{"type":899},"This is clear indicator that we need stronger technical controls to prevent phishing. If even someone like Troy can be phished, the only reasonable conclusion is that humans will always be susceptible to phishing, no matter how much awareness training they receive. ",{"data":60695,"content":60696,"nodeType":860},{},[60697],{"data":60698,"marks":60699,"value":60700,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A big thanks to Troy for sharing his write-up of the incident!",{"data":60702,"content":60703,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":60705,"content":60706,"nodeType":1009},{},[60707],{"data":60708,"marks":60709,"value":29542,"nodeType":864},{},[60710],{"type":899},{"data":60712,"content":60713,"nodeType":860},{},[60714,60718,60727],{"data":60715,"marks":60716,"value":60717,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push takes a unique browser-based approach to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks that overcomes many of the tricks and techniques attackers use to defeat conventional anti-phishing controls. To learn more, ",{"data":60719,"content":60721,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60720},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/why-its-time-for-phishing-prevention-to-move-beyond-email/",[60722],{"data":60723,"marks":60724,"value":60726,"nodeType":864},{},[60725],{"type":1455},"check out our recent blog post",{"data":60728,"marks":60729,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":60731,"content":60732,"nodeType":860},{},[60733,60737,60744],{"data":60734,"marks":60735,"value":60736,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And if you want to see how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking while improving your workforce identity posture, book some time with one of our team for a ",{"data":60738,"content":60739,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[60740],{"data":60741,"marks":60742,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[60743],{"type":1455},{"data":60745,"marks":60746,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Dissecting a recent MailChimp phishing attack","HIBP creator and well-known security person Troy Hunt recently blogged about a phish he fell for. Here’s what it tells us about how phishing is evolving. ","2025-03-28T00:00:00.000Z","dissecting-a-recent-mailchimp-phishing-attack",{"items":60752},[60753,60755],{"sys":60754,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":60756,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":60758},[60759],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":60760},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":60762,"content":60764,"title":61197,"synopsis":61198,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":61199,"slug":61200,"tagsCollection":61201,"authorsCollection":61207},{"id":60763},"3uLWz59In1waXGcLB9cnPq",{"json":60765},{"data":60766,"content":60767,"nodeType":856},{},[60768,60797,60817,60824,60831,60834,60842,60849,60855,60861,60867,60874,60894,60900,60903,60911,60918,60925,60932,60938,60945,60952,60958,60965,60983,60988,60995,60998,61006,61013,61019,61026,61071,61077,61084,61087,61095,61102,61109,61115,61120,61126,61129,61137,61144,61150,61157,61164,61167,61174,61180],{"data":60769,"content":60770,"nodeType":860},{},[60771,60774,60781,60785,60793],{"data":60772,"marks":60773,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":60775,"content":60776,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22555},[60777],{"data":60778,"marks":60779,"value":51011,"nodeType":864},{},[60780],{"type":1455},{"data":60782,"marks":60783,"value":60784,"nodeType":864},{},[]," was one of the first techniques we added to the ",{"data":60786,"content":60788,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60787},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks?tab=readme-ov-file",[60789],{"data":60790,"marks":60791,"value":48508,"nodeType":864},{},[60792],{"type":1455},{"data":60794,"marks":60795,"value":60796,"nodeType":864},{},[],", where attackers trick users into authorizing malicious OAuth apps. ",{"data":60798,"content":60799,"nodeType":860},{},[60800,60804,60813],{"data":60801,"marks":60802,"value":60803,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker sends a phishing link to a target that requests permissions to access sensitive data or permissions to perform dangerous actions for an app the victim is using. If the target grants consent for the permissions, the adversary gains that level of access over the target’s account — and certain data and functionality ",{"data":60805,"content":60807,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60806},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-risky-terrain-of-oauth-scopes-in-third-party/",[60808],{"data":60809,"marks":60810,"value":60812,"nodeType":864},{},[60811],{"type":1455},"depending on the scopes granted",{"data":60814,"marks":60815,"value":60816,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This attack bypasses MFA entirely (including phishing-resistant MFA) by sidestepping the login process — think of it as an authorization attack, as opposed to an authentication one. Naturally, this means it also persists through typical authentication changes like a password reset. ",{"data":60818,"content":60819,"nodeType":860},{},[60820],{"data":60821,"marks":60822,"value":60823,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Consent phishing has been primarily aimed at getting access to larger cloud platforms like Microsoft Azure or Google Workspace tenants, or more complex apps like GitHub. These apps present an obvious opportunity to attackers in terms of the functionality and and data they contain.  ",{"data":60825,"content":60826,"nodeType":860},{},[60827],{"data":60828,"marks":60829,"value":60830,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Two separate cases of consent phishing have hit the headlines this month representing very different use cases — let’s compare them. ",{"data":60832,"content":60833,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":60835,"content":60836,"nodeType":1009},{},[60837],{"data":60838,"marks":60839,"value":60841,"nodeType":864},{},[60840],{"type":899},"1. Classic consent phishing",{"data":60843,"content":60844,"nodeType":860},{},[60845],{"data":60846,"marks":60847,"value":60848,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers targeted GitHub users across 12,000 repositories by creating fake security alert issues in GitHub repositories. These legit-looking alerts send the victim to a GitHub authorization page for a \"gitsecurityapp\" OAuth app that requests a lot of very risky scopes granting full access to a user's account and repositories.",{"data":60850,"content":60854,"nodeType":996},{"target":60851},{"sys":60852},{"id":60853,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7s7VLePAQzhzXJ6cFkSCAe",[],{"data":60856,"content":60860,"nodeType":996},{"target":60857},{"sys":60858},{"id":60859,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5dppSzNOgffeZTZK2lG6V5",[],{"data":60862,"content":60866,"nodeType":996},{"target":60863},{"sys":60864},{"id":60865,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1dsYU7bM5mPW1AXyRLnqpp",[],{"data":60868,"content":60869,"nodeType":860},{},[60870],{"data":60871,"marks":60872,"value":60873,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once authorized, the attacker has extensive access to the account, from which point they can modify repositories to conduct further attacks against users (e.g. by infecting them with malware), poison the repos and services connected to the repository, and exfiltrate any sensitive data the account has access to. ",{"data":60875,"content":60876,"nodeType":860},{},[60877,60881,60890],{"data":60878,"marks":60879,"value":60880,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside consent phishing, this is an example of ",{"data":60882,"content":60884,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60883},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/in-app_phishing/description.md",[60885],{"data":60886,"marks":60887,"value":60889,"nodeType":864},{},[60888],{"type":1455},"in-app phishing",{"data":60891,"marks":60892,"value":60893,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which avoids delivering the message via corporate email. Even if the target gets an email notification, the phish isn’t delivered via email directly, and so email-based scanning solutions won’t detect it — they’ll receive a legitimate notification email directly from GitHub. It’s also less likely to raise suspicion as GitHub issue notifications are expected, increasing the click chance. ",{"data":60895,"content":60899,"nodeType":996},{"target":60896},{"sys":60897},{"id":60898,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6d6MMyPQ7vaY2KrJTHGeO6",[],{"data":60901,"content":60902,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":60904,"content":60905,"nodeType":1009},{},[60906],{"data":60907,"marks":60908,"value":60910,"nodeType":864},{},[60909],{"type":899},"2. Not really consent phishing?",{"data":60912,"content":60913,"nodeType":860},{},[60914],{"data":60915,"marks":60916,"value":60917,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This example is much more unusual. In this case, the attacker used malicious Microsoft OAuth apps impersonating Adobe and DocuSign. ",{"data":60919,"content":60920,"nodeType":860},{},[60921],{"data":60922,"marks":60923,"value":60924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Rather than trying to grab lots of juicy permissions for Microsoft, the attacker used consent phishing to prevent automated analysis of their phishing page by security tools. To be served the real phishing page, you need to first authorize the fake OAuth app — meaning that security tools and bots won’t be able to reach the page to determine if it’s malicious or not. ",{"data":60926,"content":60927,"nodeType":860},{},[60928],{"data":60929,"marks":60930,"value":60931,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack started with attackers sending phishing emails to target users with a fake password reset lure. ",{"data":60933,"content":60937,"nodeType":996},{"target":60934},{"sys":60935},{"id":60936,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3cLd6EbraN9fKuGgL0kkgC",[],{"data":60939,"content":60940,"nodeType":860},{},[60941],{"data":60942,"marks":60943,"value":60944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because the initial phishing link directs to the legitimate login.microsoftonline.com URL, it appears legitimate and bypasses common domain-based security checks. ",{"data":60946,"content":60947,"nodeType":860},{},[60948],{"data":60949,"marks":60950,"value":60951,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After clicking the link, the user signs into their real Microsoft account (this might even happen automatically if the user is already signed in on the device/browser they’re using). They are then redirected to a permissions request page for the fake OAuth app. ",{"data":60953,"content":60957,"nodeType":996},{"target":60954},{"sys":60955},{"id":60956,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6O4CSx1VCoPAIjjsnKzu75",[],{"data":60959,"content":60960,"nodeType":860},{},[60961],{"data":60962,"marks":60963,"value":60964,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The permissions requested by the app (profile, email, openid) are so limited as to be basically unexploitable. They are also the same permissions you would accept if you were authorizing Microsoft to perform a social login (SSO via OIDC) to a third party app.",{"data":60966,"content":60967,"nodeType":860},{},[60968,60972,60979],{"data":60969,"marks":60970,"value":60971,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clicking the link redirects the victim to the malicious page but masks it using the legit Cloudflare Turnstile service. As well as making the page look more credible (since its fronted by a legit service to block bots) this is a common detection evasion technique we’ve ",{"data":60973,"content":60974,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[60975],{"data":60976,"marks":60977,"value":38994,"nodeType":864},{},[60978],{"type":1455},{"data":60980,"marks":60981,"value":60982,"nodeType":864},{},[]," which prevents security solutions from accessing and analysing the malicious page. ",{"data":60984,"content":60987,"nodeType":996},{"target":60985},{"sys":60986},{"id":38457,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":60989,"content":60990,"nodeType":860},{},[60991],{"data":60992,"marks":60993,"value":60994,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After completing the verification, the page (and the malicious phishing kit element) is finally loaded. If the victim authenticates, the session will be stolen by the attacker, along with the captured credentials and MFA code. ",{"data":60996,"content":60997,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":60999,"content":61000,"nodeType":1009},{},[61001],{"data":61002,"marks":61003,"value":61005,"nodeType":864},{},[61004],{"type":899},"Using consent phishing to evade detection",{"data":61007,"content":61008,"nodeType":860},{},[61009],{"data":61010,"marks":61011,"value":61012,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker is essentially using their fake OAuth app to prevent security analysts and bots from analysing the real phishing page, because the first page loaded is a link to a legitimate Microsoft domain. They’re also layering it with a range of other detection evasion techniques like using Cloudflare Turnstile.  ",{"data":61014,"content":61018,"nodeType":996},{"target":61015},{"sys":61016},{"id":61017,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Bi9YoMwWVmKoWfkh5tiTA",[],{"data":61020,"content":61021,"nodeType":860},{},[61022],{"data":61023,"marks":61024,"value":61025,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve previously blogged about how attackers are using layered detection evasion techniques to circumvent typical phishing page detections, which are often email-based, including:",{"data":61027,"content":61028,"nodeType":941},{},[61029,61050],{"data":61030,"content":61031,"nodeType":945},{},[61032],{"data":61033,"content":61034,"nodeType":860},{},[61035,61038,61046],{"data":61036,"marks":61037,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61039,"content":61040,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[61041],{"data":61042,"marks":61043,"value":61045,"nodeType":864},{},[61044],{"type":1455},"Prevent analysis of phishing pages",{"data":61047,"marks":61048,"value":61049,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by security bots, including using legitimate services like Cloudflare Workers and Turnstile (as above), CAPTCHA, and various sandbox-aware techniques to ensure only the intended victim is served the phishing page, such as only providing the correct parameters to load the page if the correct path is followed (rather than attempting to load the malicious page by going directly to the domain). ",{"data":61051,"content":61052,"nodeType":945},{},[61053],{"data":61054,"content":61055,"nodeType":860},{},[61056,61059,61067],{"data":61057,"marks":61058,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61060,"content":61061,"nodeType":883},{"uri":56743},[61062],{"data":61063,"marks":61064,"value":61066,"nodeType":864},{},[61065],{"type":1455},"DOM and visual obfuscation",{"data":61068,"marks":61069,"value":61070,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of phishing pages when the victim does land on the page to prevent it from being identified as malicious through signature-based detection of page elements. ",{"data":61072,"content":61076,"nodeType":996},{"target":61073},{"sys":61074},{"id":61075,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2dN8np5odBecf7r1vBr69K",[],{"data":61078,"content":61079,"nodeType":860},{},[61080],{"data":61081,"marks":61082,"value":61083,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This seems a bit overkill and many of the steps here are likely to raise suspicion — like the fact that you’re never asked to provide the original code for the password reset, and are asked to unexpectedly consent to an OAuth app. But clearly, the attacker is more concerned about bypassing technical safeguards than human ones (not a great endorsement for the state of phishing awareness training). ",{"data":61085,"content":61086,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":61088,"content":61089,"nodeType":1009},{},[61090],{"data":61091,"marks":61092,"value":61094,"nodeType":864},{},[61093],{"type":899},"How Push detects and blocks phishing attacks",{"data":61096,"content":61097,"nodeType":860},{},[61098],{"data":61099,"marks":61100,"value":61101,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push overcomes the various detection evasion techniques shown here by using in-browser detections based on the phishing page that the user sees. This means that no matter where the user accesses the link from (email, IM platform, social media, or anywhere else on the internet) Push can observe and analyse the page to determine if it's malicious. ",{"data":61103,"content":61104,"nodeType":860},{},[61105],{"data":61106,"marks":61107,"value":61108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses layered detections based on identifying the phishing kit running on the page itself, whether the page is cloned from a legitimate login page, as well as detecting whether the credentials being entered on the page have been used to log into your SSO account previously. ",{"data":61110,"content":61114,"nodeType":996},{"target":61111},{"sys":61112},{"id":61113,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6B1toQAf44rDzQZijYRd9g",[],{"data":61116,"content":61119,"nodeType":996},{"target":61117},{"sys":61118},{"id":57285,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":61121,"content":61125,"nodeType":996},{"target":61122},{"sys":61123},{"id":61124,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"01musWa3FUiO0CVFNWfwcy",[],{"data":61127,"content":61128,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":61130,"content":61131,"nodeType":1009},{},[61132],{"data":61133,"marks":61134,"value":61136,"nodeType":864},{},[61135],{"type":899},"Using Push to review OAuth integrations",{"data":61138,"content":61139,"nodeType":860},{},[61140],{"data":61141,"marks":61142,"value":61143,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also use Push to discover and remove risky OAuth integrations accepted by your users. ",{"data":61145,"content":61149,"nodeType":996},{"target":61146},{"sys":61147},{"id":61148,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5kJvy5SBcWLrK2EhLyR1ZD",[],{"data":61151,"content":61152,"nodeType":860},{},[61153],{"data":61154,"marks":61155,"value":61156,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This shows which OAuth apps have been added, which apps they are integrated with, what permissions they’ve been granted, as well as other properties that indicate risk (e.g. whether the app’s publisher has been verified). ",{"data":61158,"content":61159,"nodeType":860},{},[61160],{"data":61161,"marks":61162,"value":61163,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If your users are consent phished, you’ll be notified via webhook event that a new integration has been added. These risky integrations can be removed via the Push platform by clicking ‘delete integration’. ",{"data":61165,"content":61166,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":61168,"content":61169,"nodeType":1009},{},[61170],{"data":61171,"marks":61172,"value":38694,"nodeType":864},{},[61173],{"type":899},{"data":61175,"content":61176,"nodeType":860},{},[61177],{"data":61178,"marks":61179,"value":57309,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61181,"content":61182,"nodeType":860},{},[61183,61186,61194],{"data":61184,"marks":61185,"value":39316,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61187,"content":61189,"nodeType":883},{"uri":61188},"https://pushsecurity.com/demo?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[61190],{"data":61191,"marks":61192,"value":38715,"nodeType":864},{},[61193],{"type":1455},{"data":61195,"marks":61196,"value":38719,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How consent phishing is evolving to defeat detection controls","Consent phishing is where attackers trick users into authorizing access for malicious OAuth apps. Here's how attackers are using this technique in the wild.","2025-03-31T00:00:00.000Z","how-consent-phishing-is-evolving",{"items":61202},[61203,61205],{"sys":61204,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":61206,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":61208},[61209],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":61210},{"url":2740},"blog/three-reasons-why-browser-is-best-for-stopping-phishing-attacks",{"json":61213},{"data":61214,"content":61215,"nodeType":856},{},[61216],{"data":61217,"content":61218,"nodeType":860},{},[61219],{"data":61220,"marks":61221,"value":61222,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why being in the browser gives defenders a key advantage over network- and email-based phishing prevention, detection, and response tools. ",{"id":56690,"publishedAt":61224},"2026-08-12T11:54:13.980Z",{"items":61226},[61227,61229],{"sys":61228,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":61230,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":61232},[61233,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247,61249,61251,61253,61255,61257,61259],{"sys":61234,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":61236,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":61238,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":61240,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":61242,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":61244,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":61246,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":61248,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":61250,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":61252,"name":440,"slug":441,"tier":45},{"id":437},{"sys":61254,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":61256,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":61258,"name":377,"slug":378,"tier":45},{"id":374},{"sys":61260,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},"3YshXuJ5vCxZNUkwHxNIDFHPP05eO3yxWJmeqIDYoPA",{"id":61263,"title":61264,"authorsCollection":61265,"content":61270,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":61809,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":61811,"metaTitle":61812,"ogImage":59,"postType":5977,"publishedDate":57341,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":61813,"slug":63297,"stem":63298,"subtitle":59,"summary":63299,"synopsis":63310,"sys":63311,"tagsCollection":63314,"topicsCollection":63320,"__hash__":63348},"blog/blog/why-most-phishing-attacks-feel-like-a-zero-day.json","Why most phishing attacks feel like a zero-day",{"items":61266},[61267],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"socialLinks":61268,"profilePicture":61269},[11311],{"url":2740},{"json":61271,"links":61777},{"data":61272,"content":61273,"nodeType":856},{},[61274,61280,61286,61298,61310,61313,61321,61327,61334,61341,61348,61355,61361,61368,61373,61376,61384,61391,61424,61431,61439,61446,61453,61460,61466,61474,61481,61486,61493,61514,61521,61529,61536,61543,61550,61555,61562,61579,61582,61590,61604,61610,61644,61652,61655,61663,61670,61684,61689,61695,61701,61708,61713,61720,61725,61728,61735,61741,61746,61751,61771],{"data":61275,"content":61276,"nodeType":860},{},[61277],{"data":61278,"marks":61279,"value":56701,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61281,"content":61282,"nodeType":860},{},[61283],{"data":61284,"marks":61285,"value":56715,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61287,"content":61288,"nodeType":860},{},[61289,61293],{"data":61290,"marks":61291,"value":61292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A key challenge with phishing detection is that based on the known-bad indicators that we as an industry use to commonly detect phishing pages, pretty much every phishing attack looks different and uses a unique combination of domain, URL, IPs, page composition, target app, etc. ",{"data":61294,"marks":61295,"value":61297,"nodeType":864},{},[61296],{"type":899},"Effectively, every phishing attack is completely novel. You might even describe them as “zero-days” (cue the collective sharp intake of breath)...",{"data":61299,"content":61300,"nodeType":860},{},[61301,61305],{"data":61302,"marks":61303,"value":61304,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The goal here isn’t to sensationalize phishing attacks — quite the opposite. Rather, this shines a light on the state of phishing detection controls. ",{"data":61306,"marks":61307,"value":61309,"nodeType":864},{},[61308],{"type":899},"Frankly, if every phishing attack is a zero-day, something has gone very wrong with how we detect these attacks…",{"data":61311,"content":61312,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":61314,"content":61315,"nodeType":1009},{},[61316],{"data":61317,"marks":61318,"value":61320,"nodeType":864},{},[61319],{"type":899},"Phishing detection 101",{"data":61322,"content":61323,"nodeType":860},{},[61324],{"data":61325,"marks":61326,"value":56861,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61328,"content":61329,"nodeType":860},{},[61330],{"data":61331,"marks":61332,"value":61333,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing detection, at its core, relies on blocklists made up of indicators of compromise (IoCs) relating to phishing pages that have been successfully identified as malicious. These IoCs consist of malicious domains, URLs, and IPs that have appeared in an attack. ",{"data":61335,"content":61336,"nodeType":860},{},[61337],{"data":61338,"marks":61339,"value":61340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IoCs are collected by security vendors and service providers across a range of sources. Mostly though, the malicious page needs to be used in a phishing campaign before it has a chance of being detected. This means that a would-be victim needs to interact with it in some way — either by falling for a phishing attack, or reporting it as suspicious. ",{"data":61342,"content":61343,"nodeType":860},{},[61344],{"data":61345,"marks":61346,"value":61347,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once a page is flagged, it can be investigated — either manually (by a security person) or automatically (by a product/tool). If the page can be accessed and analyzed, and malicious content is found (more on this later) then the page’s IoCs can be collected and added to a blocklist. ",{"data":61349,"content":61350,"nodeType":860},{},[61351],{"data":61352,"marks":61353,"value":61354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This information will then begin to circulate across the various threat intelligence feeds and security products leveraging this information. The majority of phishing detection and control enforcement is focused at the email and network layer — typically at the Secure Email Gateway (SEG), Secure Web Gateway (SWG)/proxy, or both. ",{"data":61356,"content":61360,"nodeType":996},{"target":61357},{"sys":61358},{"id":61359,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7xPrHlTjDI1Lc620fAnxvX",[],{"data":61362,"content":61363,"nodeType":860},{},[61364],{"data":61365,"marks":61366,"value":61367,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re following the thought pattern here, you can probably already see the root of the problem. To detect and block a phishing page, it needs to be used in an attack first…",{"data":61369,"content":61372,"nodeType":996},{"target":61370},{"sys":61371},{"id":57331,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":61374,"content":61375,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":61377,"content":61378,"nodeType":1009},{},[61379],{"data":61380,"marks":61381,"value":61383,"nodeType":864},{},[61382],{"type":899},"Why most phishing attacks are zero-day",{"data":61385,"content":61386,"nodeType":860},{},[61387],{"data":61388,"marks":61389,"value":61390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers know that phishing detection and blocking:",{"data":61392,"content":61393,"nodeType":941},{},[61394,61404,61414],{"data":61395,"content":61396,"nodeType":945},{},[61397],{"data":61398,"content":61399,"nodeType":860},{},[61400],{"data":61401,"marks":61402,"value":61403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Relies on blocklisting IoCs like domains, URLs and IPs",{"data":61405,"content":61406,"nodeType":945},{},[61407],{"data":61408,"content":61409,"nodeType":860},{},[61410],{"data":61411,"marks":61412,"value":61413,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Is situated at the email and network layer",{"data":61415,"content":61416,"nodeType":945},{},[61417],{"data":61418,"content":61419,"nodeType":860},{},[61420],{"data":61421,"marks":61422,"value":61423,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Requires that a page is accessed and analyzed before it can be blocked",{"data":61425,"content":61426,"nodeType":860},{},[61427],{"data":61428,"marks":61429,"value":61430,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These methods have remained practically unchanged for more than a decade. So it stands to reason that attackers are getting pretty good at avoiding them. ",{"data":61432,"content":61433,"nodeType":1312},{},[61434],{"data":61435,"marks":61436,"value":61438,"nodeType":864},{},[61437],{"type":899},"It’s easy for attackers to evade IoC-based detections",{"data":61440,"content":61441,"nodeType":860},{},[61442],{"data":61443,"marks":61444,"value":61445,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing domains are highly disposable by nature. Attackers are buying them in bulk, constantly taking over legitimate domains, and generally planning for the fact that they’ll get through a lot of them.",{"data":61447,"content":61448,"nodeType":860},{},[61449],{"data":61450,"marks":61451,"value":61452,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern phishing architecture is also able to dynamically rotate and update commonly signatured elements — for example, by dynamically rotating the links served to visitors from a continually refreshed pool (so every person that clicks the link gets served a different URL) and even going as far as using things like one-time magic links (which also means that any security team members trying to investigate the page later won’t be able to do so). ",{"data":61454,"content":61455,"nodeType":860},{},[61456],{"data":61457,"marks":61458,"value":61459,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You could look at which IP address the user connects to, but these days it’s very simple for attackers to add a new IP to their cloud-hosted server. If a domain is flagged as known-bad, the attacker only has to register a new domain, or compromise a WordPress server on an already trusted domain. Both of these things are happening on a massive scale as attackers pre-plan for the fact that their domains will be burned at some point. ",{"data":61461,"content":61462,"nodeType":860},{},[61463],{"data":61464,"marks":61465,"value":56966,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61467,"content":61468,"nodeType":1312},{},[61469],{"data":61470,"marks":61471,"value":61473,"nodeType":864},{},[61472],{"type":899},"Phishing doesn’t just happen over email",{"data":61475,"content":61476,"nodeType":860},{},[61477],{"data":61478,"marks":61479,"value":61480,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To evade email-based detections, attackers are going multi- and cross-channel with their attacks. ",{"data":61482,"content":61485,"nodeType":996},{"target":61483},{"sys":61484},{"id":56817,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":61487,"content":61488,"nodeType":860},{},[61489],{"data":61490,"marks":61491,"value":61492,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not only are attackers using different phishing vectors, they’re chaining them together to prevent security tools from intercepting the link. So for example, a social media message that sends you a non-malicious PDF with a link embedded in it, that finally directs you to a malicious webpage.",{"data":61494,"content":61495,"nodeType":860},{},[61496,61500,61504,61507,61511],{"data":61497,"marks":61498,"value":61499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth also pointing out the limitations of email-based solutions here too. Email has some additional checks around the sender’s reputation and things like DMARC/DKIM, but these don’t actually identify malicious ",{"data":61501,"marks":61502,"value":56830,"nodeType":864},{},[61503],{"type":899},{"data":61505,"marks":61506,"value":56834,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61508,"marks":61509,"value":56839,"nodeType":864},{},[61510],{"type":899},{"data":61512,"marks":61513,"value":56843,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61515,"content":61516,"nodeType":860},{},[61517],{"data":61518,"marks":61519,"value":61520,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In any case, while modern email solutions can bring a lot more to the table, neither email or network (proxy) based tools can’t definitively know that a page is malicious unless they can access the page and analyze it… ",{"data":61522,"content":61523,"nodeType":1312},{},[61524],{"data":61525,"marks":61526,"value":61528,"nodeType":864},{},[61527],{"type":899},"Attackers are preventing their pages from being analyzed",{"data":61530,"content":61531,"nodeType":860},{},[61532],{"data":61533,"marks":61534,"value":61535,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both email and network (proxy) based solutions rely on being able to inspect and analyze a page to identify whether it is malicious or not, after which IoCs are generated that can be enforced when a link is clicked (or received in your email inbox).",{"data":61537,"content":61538,"nodeType":860},{},[61539],{"data":61540,"marks":61541,"value":61542,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern phishing pages aren’t static HTML — like most other modern web pages, these are dynamic web apps rendered in the browser, with JavaScript dynamically rewriting the page and launching the malicious content. This means that most basic, static checks fail to identify the malicious content running on the page. ",{"data":61544,"content":61545,"nodeType":860},{},[61546],{"data":61547,"marks":61548,"value":61549,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To address this, both email and network security tools will try to explode links in a sandbox to observe the page’s behavior. But attackers are getting around this simply by implementing bot protection by requiring user interaction with a CAPTCHA or Cloudflare Turnstile. ",{"data":61551,"content":61554,"nodeType":996},{"target":61552},{"sys":61553},{"id":56791,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":61556,"content":61557,"nodeType":860},{},[61558],{"data":61559,"marks":61560,"value":61561,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even if you can get past Turnstile, then you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, and execute JavaScript, to be served the malicious page. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":61563,"content":61564,"nodeType":860},{},[61565,61568,61576],{"data":61566,"marks":61567,"value":57005,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61569,"content":61571,"nodeType":883},{"uri":61570},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2/?utm_campaign=12100141-FY25Q2_Bleeping-Computer-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored&utm_content=external-article",[61572],{"data":61573,"marks":61574,"value":57014,"nodeType":864},{},[61575],{"type":1455},{"data":61577,"marks":61578,"value":57018,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61580,"content":61581,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":61583,"content":61584,"nodeType":1009},{},[61585],{"data":61586,"marks":61587,"value":61589,"nodeType":864},{},[61588],{"type":899},"Phishing attacks are zero-day because phishing detection is post mortem",{"data":61591,"content":61592,"nodeType":860},{},[61593,61597,61601],{"data":61594,"marks":61595,"value":61596,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The result of these detection evasion and obfuscation techniques is that ",{"data":61598,"marks":61599,"value":57131,"nodeType":864},{},[61600],{"type":899},{"data":61602,"marks":61603,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61605,"content":61606,"nodeType":860},{},[61607],{"data":61608,"marks":61609,"value":57141,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61611,"content":61612,"nodeType":860},{},[61613,61616,61620,61623,61627,61630,61634,61637,61641],{"data":61614,"marks":61615,"value":57148,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61617,"marks":61618,"value":57153,"nodeType":864},{},[61619],{"type":899},{"data":61621,"marks":61622,"value":57157,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61624,"marks":61625,"value":57162,"nodeType":864},{},[61626],{"type":899},{"data":61628,"marks":61629,"value":57166,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61631,"marks":61632,"value":57162,"nodeType":864},{},[61633],{"type":899},{"data":61635,"marks":61636,"value":57174,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61638,"marks":61639,"value":57179,"nodeType":864},{},[61640],{"type":899},{"data":61642,"marks":61643,"value":57183,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":61645,"content":61646,"nodeType":860},{},[61647],{"data":61648,"marks":61649,"value":61651,"nodeType":864},{},[61650],{"type":899},"The result? 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However, because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions, intercept authentication material like credentials, MFA codes, and session tokens to take control of the authenticated session and gain control of the user account. ",{"data":65102,"content":65106,"nodeType":996},{"target":65103},{"sys":65104},{"id":65105,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ZAawfzPVfhb8cmvWNZEVK",[],{"data":65108,"content":65109,"nodeType":860},{},[65110],{"data":65111,"marks":65112,"value":65113,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA was once widely regarded as the silver bullet for phishing (we all remember the Microsoft stat “MFA prevents over 99% of identity-based attacks”) but this is no longer the case. ",{"data":65115,"content":65116,"nodeType":860},{},[65117],{"data":65118,"marks":65119,"value":65120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Not only are these kits incredibly effective at bypassing other anti-phishing controls like MFA, attackers are building them specifically to evade common detection tooling and techniques. ",{"data":65122,"content":65123,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":65125,"content":65126,"nodeType":1312},{},[65127],{"data":65128,"marks":65129,"value":65131,"nodeType":864},{},[65130],{"type":899},"Known-bad blocklists can’t keep up",{"data":65133,"content":65134,"nodeType":860},{},[65135],{"data":65136,"marks":65137,"value":65138,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The fundamental limitation with known-bad blocklists is that they focus on indicators that are easy for attackers to change, in turn making detections based on them easy to bypass. ",{"data":65140,"content":65141,"nodeType":860},{},[65142],{"data":65143,"marks":65144,"value":65145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers have gotten pretty good at disguising and rotating these elements. In modern phishing attacks, every target can receive a unique email and link. Even just using a URL shortener can bypass this. It’s equivalent to a malware hash – trivial to change, and therefore not a great thing to pin your detections on. The kind of detection that sits right at the bottom of the Pyramid of Pain. ",{"data":65147,"content":65150,"nodeType":996},{"target":65148},{"sys":65149},{"id":43735,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":65152,"content":65153,"nodeType":860},{},[65154],{"data":65155,"marks":65156,"value":65157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You could look at which IP address the user connects to, but these days it’s very simple for attackers to add a new IP to their cloud-hosted server. If a domain is flagged as known-bad, the attacker only has to register a new domain, or compromise a WordPress server on an already trusted domain. Both of these things are happening on a massive scale as attackers pre-plan for the fact that their domains will be burned at some point. Attackers are more than happy to spend $10-$20 per new domain in the grand scheme of the potential proceeds of crime. ",{"data":65159,"content":65160,"nodeType":860},{},[65161,65165,65174],{"data":65162,"marks":65163,"value":65164,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, ",{"data":65166,"content":65168,"nodeType":883},{"uri":65167},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection/?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[65169],{"data":65170,"marks":65171,"value":65173,"nodeType":864},{},[65172],{"type":1455},"recent examples of Adversary-in-the-Middle phishing kits",{"data":65175,"marks":65176,"value":65177,"nodeType":864},{},[]," including Tycoon, Nakedpages, Evilginx were seen to rotate the URLs they resolve to (from a continually refreshed pool of URLs), mask the HTTP Referer header to disguise suspicious redirects, and redirect to benign (legitimate) domains if anyone but the intended victims attempted to visit the page. ",{"data":65179,"content":65180,"nodeType":860},{},[65181,65185,65194,65198,65207],{"data":65182,"marks":65183,"value":65184,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And in many cases, attackers are ",{"data":65186,"content":65188,"nodeType":883},{"uri":65187},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/campaign-abusing-hubspot-targets-20-000-microsoft-azure-accounts/",[65189],{"data":65190,"marks":65191,"value":65193,"nodeType":864},{},[65192],{"type":1455},"leveraging legitimate SaaS services",{"data":65195,"marks":65196,"value":65197,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to conduct their campaigns (",{"data":65199,"content":65201,"nodeType":883},{"uri":65200},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/proofpoint-settings-exploited-to-send-millions-of-phishing-emails-daily/",[65202],{"data":65203,"marks":65204,"value":65206,"nodeType":864},{},[65205],{"type":1455},"sometimes even using email protection services themselves!",{"data":65208,"marks":65209,"value":65210,"nodeType":864},{},[],") making it even harder to filter genuine from harmful links. ",{"data":65212,"content":65213,"nodeType":860},{},[65214],{"data":65215,"marks":65216,"value":65217,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But there’s a bigger issue here – for defenders to know that a URL, IP, or domain name is bad, it needs to be reported first. When are things reported? Typically after being used in an attack — so unfortunately, someone always gets hurt. ",{"data":65219,"content":65220,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":65222,"content":65223,"nodeType":1312},{},[65224],{"data":65225,"marks":65226,"value":65228,"nodeType":864},{},[65227],{"type":899},"Malicious webpage detections are failing",{"data":65230,"content":65231,"nodeType":860},{},[65232],{"data":65233,"marks":65234,"value":65235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are using various tricks to prevent security tools and bots from reaching their phishing pages to analyse them. ",{"data":65237,"content":65238,"nodeType":860},{},[65239],{"data":65240,"marks":65241,"value":65242,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using legitimate services to host their domains is increasingly common, with services like Cloudflare Workers used for the initial gateway, and Cloudflare Turnstile to prevent security bots from advancing to the page. ",{"data":65244,"content":65248,"nodeType":996},{"target":65245},{"sys":65246},{"id":65247,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4XNxLbiZf3xUK1WeFDjjxl",[],{"data":65250,"content":65251,"nodeType":860},{},[65252],{"data":65253,"marks":65254,"value":61561,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":65256,"content":65257,"nodeType":860},{},[65258],{"data":65259,"marks":65260,"value":65261,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And if all this wasn’t enough, they’re also obfuscating both visual and DOM elements to prevent signature-based detections from picking them up — so even if you can land on the page, there’s a high chance that your detections won’t trigger. ",{"data":65263,"content":65264,"nodeType":860},{},[65265],{"data":65266,"marks":65267,"value":65268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By changing the DOM structure, attackers are loading functionally equivalent pages that look very different under the hood.",{"data":65270,"content":65273,"nodeType":996},{"target":65271},{"sys":65272},{"id":61075,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":65275,"content":65276,"nodeType":860},{},[65277],{"data":65278,"marks":65279,"value":65280,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They’re also randomizing page titles, dynamically decoding text, changing the size and name of image elements, using different favicons, blurring backgrounds, substituting logos, and more… all to defeat common detections. ",{"data":65282,"content":65286,"nodeType":996},{"target":65283},{"sys":65284},{"id":65285,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3hlzM3qIqaZHy3qxtnRS5x",[],{"data":65288,"content":65289,"nodeType":860},{},[65290],{"data":65291,"marks":65292,"value":65293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With all this, it’s no surprise that defenders can’t keep up. ",{"data":65295,"content":65296,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":65298,"content":65299,"nodeType":1009},{},[65300],{"data":65301,"marks":65302,"value":65304,"nodeType":864},{},[65303],{"type":899},"The verdict",{"data":65306,"content":65307,"nodeType":860},{},[65308],{"data":65309,"marks":65310,"value":65311,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Historically, the industry has seen email security solutions and anti-phishing as the same thing. But it’s clear that email-based phishing protection isn’t really cutting it when it comes to modern credential phishing attacks (the most common and impactful phishing variant today). ",{"data":65313,"content":65314,"nodeType":860},{},[65315],{"data":65316,"marks":65317,"value":65318,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t to say that email-based solutions have no value — far from it. But relying on email scanners to detect phishing pages as a single line of defense isn’t enough anymore. ",{"data":65320,"content":65321,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":65323,"content":65324,"nodeType":1009},{},[65325],{"data":65326,"marks":65327,"value":65329,"nodeType":864},{},[65328],{"type":899},"Building better phishing controls",{"data":65331,"content":65332,"nodeType":860},{},[65333],{"data":65334,"marks":65335,"value":65336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The key to solving this problem is, put simply, building better controls. But to do this, we need to move away from email as being the primary (or often the only) place where phishing attacks can be stopped. ",{"data":65338,"content":65339,"nodeType":860},{},[65340],{"data":65341,"marks":65342,"value":65343,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While email is the main delivery vector for phishing attacks (at least, according to the data we have, which comes primarily from email security solutions) it’s not the only one. Phishing links are increasingly delivered to victims over IM platforms, social media — and generally over the internet. ",{"data":65345,"content":65346,"nodeType":860},{},[65347],{"data":65348,"marks":65349,"value":65350,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A better solution to the problem would therefore be able to follow the user across the sites they use, and see the actual phishing pages as the user sees them, as opposed to a sandbox (which, as we’ve discussed, attackers are well prepared for). ",{"data":65352,"content":65353,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":65355,"content":65356,"nodeType":1312},{},[65357],{"data":65358,"marks":65359,"value":65361,"nodeType":864},{},[65360],{"type":899},"Is browser-based phishing protection the solution?",{"data":65363,"content":65364,"nodeType":860},{},[65365],{"data":65366,"marks":65367,"value":65368,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While we’ve been conditioned to think about phishing as something that happens over email, it’s actually the browser where most of the action happens, regardless of the initial delivery channel.",{"data":65370,"content":65371,"nodeType":860},{},[65372],{"data":65373,"marks":65374,"value":65375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And while it’s tempting to view the delivery of a phishing link as the attack itself, the phish can’t succeed unless the victim enters their genuine credentials on the malicious page. ",{"data":65377,"content":65378,"nodeType":860},{},[65379],{"data":65380,"marks":65381,"value":65382,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push provides a browser-based identity security solution that stops phishing attacks where they happen — in employee browsers. ",{"data":65384,"content":65385,"nodeType":860},{},[65386],{"data":65387,"marks":65388,"value":65389,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Being in the browser delivers a lot of advantages when it comes to detecting and intercepting phishing attacks. You see the live webpage that the user sees, meaning you have much better visibility of malicious elements running on the page. It also means that you can implement real-time controls that kick in when a malicious element is detected. ",{"data":65391,"content":65392,"nodeType":860},{},[65393],{"data":65394,"marks":65395,"value":65396,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s a clear difference when you compare a phishing attack with and without Push. ",{"data":65398,"content":65401,"nodeType":996},{"target":65399},{"sys":65400},{"id":40193,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":65403,"content":65404,"nodeType":860},{},[65405],{"data":65406,"marks":65407,"value":65408,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here, an attacker hacks a WordPress blog to get a reputable domain and then runs a phishing toolkit on the webpage. They email one of your employees a link to it. Your SWG or email scanning solution inspects it in a sandbox but the phish kit detects this and redirects to a benign site so that it passes the inspection. ",{"data":65410,"content":65411,"nodeType":860},{},[65412],{"data":65413,"marks":65414,"value":65415,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Your user gets the email with the link and is now free to interact with the phishing page. They enter their credentials plus MFA code into the page and voila! The attacker steals the authenticated session and takes over the user’s account.  ",{"data":65417,"content":65420,"nodeType":996},{"target":65418},{"sys":65419},{"id":40229,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":65422,"content":65423,"nodeType":860},{},[65424],{"data":65425,"marks":65426,"value":65427,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But with Push, our browser extension inspects the webpage running in the user's browser. Push observes that the webpage is a login page and the user is entering their password into the page, detecting that:",{"data":65429,"content":65430,"nodeType":941},{},[65431,65441,65451],{"data":65432,"content":65433,"nodeType":945},{},[65434],{"data":65435,"content":65436,"nodeType":860},{},[65437],{"data":65438,"marks":65439,"value":65440,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The password the user is entering matches the domain that password is pinned to. Since it doesn't match, based on this detection alone the user is automatically redirected to a blocking page. ",{"data":65442,"content":65443,"nodeType":945},{},[65444],{"data":65445,"content":65446,"nodeType":860},{},[65447],{"data":65448,"marks":65449,"value":65450,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The rendered web app is using a cloned app login page.",{"data":65452,"content":65453,"nodeType":945},{},[65454],{"data":65455,"content":65456,"nodeType":860},{},[65457],{"data":65458,"marks":65459,"value":57253,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":65461,"content":65462,"nodeType":860},{},[65463],{"data":65464,"marks":65465,"value":57260,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":65467,"content":65468,"nodeType":860},{},[65469,65473],{"data":65470,"marks":65471,"value":65472,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are good examples of detections that are difficult (or impossible) for an attacker to evade — ",{"data":65474,"marks":65475,"value":65477,"nodeType":864},{},[65476],{"type":899},"you can’t phish a victim if they can’t enter their credentials into your phishing site! ",{"data":65479,"content":65480,"nodeType":860},{},[65481,65485,65494],{"data":65482,"marks":65483,"value":65484,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If we look at the Pyramid of Pain again, we can see that these are much harder detections for attackers to get around, ",{"data":65486,"content":65488,"nodeType":883},{"uri":65487},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-itdr/?utm_campaign=9983377-FY25Q1_Bleeping-Computer-Organic-Article&utm_source=bleepingcomputer&utm_medium=sponsored-content&utm_content=organic%20article",[65489],{"data":65490,"marks":65491,"value":65493,"nodeType":864},{},[65492],{"type":1455},"enabling earlier detection and interception of account takeover ",{"data":65495,"marks":65496,"value":65497,"nodeType":864},{},[],"when compared to static, TI-driven blocklists — stopping attacks before anyone gets hurt.",{"data":65499,"content":65503,"nodeType":996},{"target":65500},{"sys":65501},{"id":65502,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6q8H7vA8k7mLrSsr5R0TZ1",[],{"data":65505,"content":65506,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":65508,"content":65509,"nodeType":1009},{},[65510],{"data":65511,"marks":65512,"value":38694,"nodeType":864},{},[65513],{"type":899},{"data":65515,"content":65516,"nodeType":860},{},[65517],{"data":65518,"marks":65519,"value":57309,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":65521,"content":65522,"nodeType":860},{},[65523,65526,65533],{"data":65524,"marks":65525,"value":39316,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":65527,"content":65528,"nodeType":883},{"uri":61188},[65529],{"data":65530,"marks":65531,"value":38715,"nodeType":864},{},[65532],{"type":1455},{"data":65534,"marks":65535,"value":65536,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for a live demo. ","Why it's time for phishing prevention to move beyond email","Modern MFA-bypass phishing attacks are routinely defeating primarily email-based security controls. Why are controls failing and what can we do about it? ","2025-03-20T00:00:00.000Z","why-its-time-for-phishing-prevention-to-move-beyond-email",{"items":65542},[65543,65545],{"sys":65544,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":65546,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":65548},[65549],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":65550},{"url":2740},"blog/investigating-a-recent-malvertising-campaign-targeting-onfido-customers",{"json":65553},{"data":65554,"content":65555,"nodeType":856},{},[65556],{"data":65557,"content":65558,"nodeType":860},{},[65559],{"data":65560,"marks":65561,"value":65562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recently detected and blocked Push users from interacting with a malicious Attacker-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing site using the phishing kit ‘Evilginx’ targeting Onfido, the digital identity platform. 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wasn’t supposed to be like this. Passwords were supposed to be dead (just ask ",{"data":66393,"content":66395,"nodeType":883},{"uri":66394},"https://www.cnet.com/news/privacy/gates-predicts-death-of-the-password/",[66396],{"data":66397,"marks":66398,"value":66400,"nodeType":864},{},[66399],{"type":1455},"Bill Gates",{"data":66402,"marks":66403,"value":26415,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":66405,"content":66406,"nodeType":860},{},[66407],{"data":66408,"marks":66409,"value":66410,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead, hardworking security pros are left to sit around in community center basements drinking mediocre coffee and commiserating.",{"data":66412,"content":66413,"nodeType":860},{},[66414],{"data":66415,"marks":66416,"value":66417,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“I admit it. My users still use passwords.”",{"data":66419,"content":66420,"nodeType":860},{},[66421],{"data":66422,"marks":66423,"value":66424,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“Yeah, mine too. I’ve been telling people we’re rolling out passkeys for three years now. I’m not sure how much longer I can keep this up …”",{"data":66426,"content":66427,"nodeType":860},{},[66428],{"data":66429,"marks":66430,"value":66431,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Somber nodding all around. Hugs. A few chocolate-chip cookies on paper napkins.",{"data":66433,"content":66437,"nodeType":996},{"target":66434},{"sys":66435},{"id":66436,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Wt29DxSSczFt5THWkuIiS",[],{"data":66439,"content":66440,"nodeType":860},{},[66441],{"data":66442,"marks":66443,"value":66444,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a no-judgment zone here at Push Security. So let’s take a look at why we’re still stuck with passwords, how attackers are increasingly exploiting weak credentials to infiltrate organizations, and how Push can help you get visibility and control of all your workforce identities.",{"data":66446,"content":66447,"nodeType":860},{},[66448,66452,66456],{"data":66449,"marks":66450,"value":66451,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ll also cover how you can use Push’s latest feature, ",{"data":66453,"marks":66454,"value":18339,"nodeType":864},{},[66455],{"type":899},{"data":66457,"marks":66458,"value":66459,"nodeType":864},{},[],", to require that employees use strong, unique passwords. Push automatically detects when employees have weak, reused, or stolen passwords and then guides them to update their password using in-browser messaging — even on apps that don’t natively support administrative control of password posture.",{"data":66461,"content":66462,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":66464,"content":66465,"nodeType":1009},{},[66466],{"data":66467,"marks":66468,"value":66469,"nodeType":864},{},[],"3 reasons why we’re still stuck with passwords",{"data":66471,"content":66472,"nodeType":860},{},[66473],{"data":66474,"marks":66475,"value":66476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At the risk of preaching to the choir, let’s review why we’re still stuck with passwords. ",{"data":66478,"content":66479,"nodeType":860},{},[66480],{"data":66481,"marks":66482,"value":66483,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worth stating the Push perspective up front: We’re not here to push the narrative that you must completely get rid of passwords. To begin with, it’s not easy to get rid of them. Like the imaginary scene from the passwordless support group, we’ve lived the reality of this.",{"data":66485,"content":66486,"nodeType":860},{},[66487],{"data":66488,"marks":66489,"value":66490,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What we observe across our install base for the Push browser agent reinforces this reality. For the last 1 million or so logins that Push recorded, more than a quarter (26%) were password logins.",{"data":66492,"content":66493,"nodeType":1116},{},[66494],{"data":66495,"content":66496,"nodeType":860},{},[66497],{"data":66498,"marks":66499,"value":66500,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For the last 1M+ logins that the Push browser agent observed, more than a quarter were password logins.",{"data":66502,"content":66503,"nodeType":860},{},[66504],{"data":66505,"marks":66506,"value":66507,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Of those password logins, 18% had a security issue with the password — reused, easily guessable, already leaked in a public breach list, or actively for sale in criminal forums.",{"data":66509,"content":66510,"nodeType":860},{},[66511],{"data":66512,"marks":66513,"value":66514,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yet when strong, unique passwords are used in conjunction with MFA, they can provide a powerful line of defense. Indeed, in cases where onboarding an app to SSO isn’t possible (for reasons we’ll cover below), a strong, unique password plus MFA is the most pragmatic solution you can achieve.",{"data":66516,"content":66517,"nodeType":860},{},[66518],{"data":66519,"marks":66520,"value":66521,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s why bad passwords persist, and why it matters.",{"data":66523,"content":66524,"nodeType":1312},{},[66525],{"data":66526,"marks":66527,"value":66529,"nodeType":864},{},[66528],{"type":899},"Systemic reasons",{"data":66531,"content":66532,"nodeType":860},{},[66533],{"data":66534,"marks":66535,"value":66536,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If we zoom out, there are several systemic reasons that contribute to the persistence of password security issues:",{"data":66538,"content":66539,"nodeType":941},{},[66540,66567,66593],{"data":66541,"content":66542,"nodeType":945},{},[66543],{"data":66544,"content":66545,"nodeType":860},{},[66546,66551,66555,66563],{"data":66547,"marks":66548,"value":66550,"nodeType":864},{},[66549],{"type":899},"Self-adoption of work apps",{"data":66552,"marks":66553,"value":66554,"nodeType":864},{},[]," makes it extremely difficult to know all the workforce identities that exist across your environment, let alone whether they’re using a secure authentication method, or the strength or uniqueness of their password. Push’s ",{"data":66556,"content":66557,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43267},[66558],{"data":66559,"marks":66560,"value":66562,"nodeType":864},{},[66561],{"type":1455},"own research",{"data":66564,"marks":66565,"value":66566,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shows that for an average organization, each employee has 15 identities.",{"data":66568,"content":66569,"nodeType":945},{},[66570],{"data":66571,"content":66572,"nodeType":860},{},[66573,66578,66582,66589],{"data":66574,"marks":66575,"value":66577,"nodeType":864},{},[66576],{"type":899},"Apps optimize signups for low friction, not security.",{"data":66579,"marks":66580,"value":66581,"nodeType":864},{},[]," That often results in multiple authentication methods tied to any given account because local password accounts can still persist even after SSO onboarding — a phenomenon that we call ",{"data":66583,"content":66584,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[66585],{"data":66586,"marks":66587,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[66588],{"type":1455},{"data":66590,"marks":66591,"value":66592,"nodeType":864},{},[]," because they provide attackers with a way around a company’s enterprise SSO solution. These local accounts represent a significant risk, and most are invisible. Which brings us to …",{"data":66594,"content":66595,"nodeType":945},{},[66596],{"data":66597,"content":66598,"nodeType":860},{},[66599,66604],{"data":66600,"marks":66601,"value":66603,"nodeType":864},{},[66602],{"type":899},"Many apps provide very little information to admins about the posture of accounts",{"data":66605,"marks":66606,"value":66607,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on that service, and even fewer offer management options to address security issues on those accounts. Some services provide no information at all about which accounts can even access a given tenant.",{"data":66609,"content":66610,"nodeType":860},{},[66611,66616],{"data":66612,"marks":66613,"value":66615,"nodeType":864},{},[66614],{"type":899},"The impact: ",{"data":66617,"marks":66618,"value":66619,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These systemic factors contribute to what we see many organizations grappling with: Known visibility gaps in their workforce identities, which are scattered across many more third-party apps than they imagine, and unknown account security risks for both managed and unmanaged apps.",{"data":66621,"content":66622,"nodeType":860},{},[66623],{"data":66624,"marks":66625,"value":66626,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These gaps open up a large attack surface for organizations. The 2024 Verizon DBIR found that 79% of web application compromises were the result of breached creds, and researchers at IBM reported last year that they observed a 71% year-over-year increase in cyberattacks using stolen or compromised credentials.",{"data":66628,"content":66629,"nodeType":1312},{},[66630],{"data":66631,"marks":66632,"value":66634,"nodeType":864},{},[66633],{"type":899},"Technical reasons",{"data":66636,"content":66637,"nodeType":860},{},[66638],{"data":66639,"marks":66640,"value":66641,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are also several technical reasons why bad passwords persist:",{"data":66643,"content":66644,"nodeType":941},{},[66645,66672],{"data":66646,"content":66647,"nodeType":945},{},[66648],{"data":66649,"content":66650,"nodeType":860},{},[66651,66654,66664,66668],{"data":66652,"marks":66653,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":66655,"content":66657,"nodeType":883},{"uri":66656},"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/passkeys-not-perfect-getting-better",[66658],{"data":66659,"marks":66660,"value":66663,"nodeType":864},{},[66661,66662],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"Going passwordless is hard",{"data":66665,"marks":66666,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[66667],{"type":899},{"data":66669,"marks":66670,"value":66671,"nodeType":864},{},[],"because it requires a large investment of time, money, and training for end-users. In environments with a mix of older and newer infrastructure, it can be challenging to get complete coverage, and employees may struggle with the transition to device-based authentication (especially when they lose their device and aren’t familiar with how to regain account access).",{"data":66673,"content":66674,"nodeType":945},{},[66675],{"data":66676,"content":66677,"nodeType":860},{},[66678,66683,66687,66696],{"data":66679,"marks":66680,"value":66682,"nodeType":864},{},[66681],{"type":899},"Many apps do not even provide a SAML option",{"data":66684,"marks":66685,"value":66686,"nodeType":864},{},[],", making it difficult to onboard every business app to SSO even once you know about them all. Last we checked, only about 30% of commonly used work apps supported SAML. Even when apps do provide the option, many charge the infamous “",{"data":66688,"content":66690,"nodeType":883},{"uri":66689},"https://sso.tax/",[66691],{"data":66692,"marks":66693,"value":66695,"nodeType":864},{},[66694],{"type":1455},"SSO tax",{"data":66697,"marks":66698,"value":66699,"nodeType":864},{},[],",” putting the feature behind enterprise plans.",{"data":66701,"content":66702,"nodeType":860},{},[66703,66708],{"data":66704,"marks":66705,"value":66707,"nodeType":864},{},[66706],{"type":899},"The impact:",{"data":66709,"marks":66710,"value":66711,"nodeType":864},{},[]," What ends up happening in many organizations is a patchwork of login methods, including passwords, passkeys, OIDC, and SAML. Looking at data from Push’s install base, we see on average around 15,000 accounts per 1,000 users, with 5,900+ outside of SSO — about 40%. ",{"data":66713,"content":66714,"nodeType":860},{},[66715],{"data":66716,"marks":66717,"value":66718,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That means more — not less — for a security and IT team to manage, often without the visibility or control they need to do so effectively.",{"data":66720,"content":66723,"nodeType":996},{"target":66721},{"sys":66722},{"id":40572,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":66725,"content":66726,"nodeType":1312},{},[66727],{"data":66728,"marks":66729,"value":66731,"nodeType":864},{},[66730],{"type":899},"Human reasons",{"data":66733,"content":66734,"nodeType":860},{},[66735],{"data":66736,"marks":66737,"value":66738,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, there are a lot of human reasons why poor passwords persist, all of them familiar and intractable:",{"data":66740,"content":66741,"nodeType":941},{},[66742,66757],{"data":66743,"content":66744,"nodeType":945},{},[66745],{"data":66746,"content":66747,"nodeType":860},{},[66748,66753],{"data":66749,"marks":66750,"value":66752,"nodeType":864},{},[66751],{"type":899},"Password change fatigue",{"data":66754,"marks":66755,"value":66756,"nodeType":864},{},[],", resulting in weak and reused passwords — often driven by incomplete adoption of enterprise password managers or outdated password security policies that require users to rotate passwords frequently. ",{"data":66758,"content":66759,"nodeType":945},{},[66760],{"data":66761,"content":66762,"nodeType":860},{},[66763,66768],{"data":66764,"marks":66765,"value":66767,"nodeType":864},{},[66766],{"type":899},"Shortcuts that busy humans take",{"data":66769,"marks":66770,"value":66771,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to get work done on a daily basis, including reusing passwords across personal and corporate accounts, storing passwords insecurely, and using easier-to-remember passwords over secure, complex ones.  ",{"data":66773,"content":66774,"nodeType":860},{},[66775,66779,66783,66791],{"data":66776,"marks":66777,"value":66707,"nodeType":864},{},[66778],{"type":899},{"data":66780,"marks":66781,"value":66782,"nodeType":864},{},[]," When there’s a large, complex, and largely invisible attack surface made up of these online corporate identities, adversaries profit. Just look at any of the ",{"data":66784,"content":66785,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46200},[66786],{"data":66787,"marks":66788,"value":66790,"nodeType":864},{},[66789],{"type":1455},"major identity attacks",{"data":66792,"marks":66793,"value":66794,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of the past year, some of which used password-spraying and credential-stuffing techniques to compromise accounts and pivot to high-value systems and data.",{"data":66796,"content":66797,"nodeType":860},{},[66798],{"data":66799,"marks":66800,"value":66801,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Password reuse also extends the blast radius for any account takeover incident when MFA is missing — a gap that occurs more often than you may think. Typically, 37% of logins observed by Push upon initial deployment into a new customer environment do not use any form of MFA.",{"data":66803,"content":66804,"nodeType":1116},{},[66805],{"data":66806,"content":66807,"nodeType":860},{},[66808],{"data":66809,"marks":66810,"value":66811,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2 in 5 logins observed by Push upon initial deployment into a new customer environment do not use any form of MFA.",{"data":66813,"content":66814,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":66816,"content":66817,"nodeType":1009},{},[66818],{"data":66819,"marks":66820,"value":66821,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why identity posture matters more in a SaaS-first world",{"data":66823,"content":66824,"nodeType":860},{},[66825,66829,66837],{"data":66826,"marks":66827,"value":66828,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When most work now happens via the browser on web-based applications, the stakes are even higher for preventing account takeover. That’s because the way that attacks occur in a SaaS environment is ",{"data":66830,"content":66831,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46342},[66832],{"data":66833,"marks":66834,"value":66836,"nodeType":864},{},[66835],{"type":1455},"very different",{"data":66838,"marks":66839,"value":66840,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from traditional network attacks, and there are few effective ways to detect and respond post-account compromise.",{"data":66842,"content":66843,"nodeType":860},{},[66844],{"data":66845,"marks":66846,"value":66847,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The average SaaS attack path looks like this:",{"data":66849,"content":66850,"nodeType":941},{},[66851,66861,66871],{"data":66852,"content":66853,"nodeType":945},{},[66854],{"data":66855,"content":66856,"nodeType":860},{},[66857],{"data":66858,"marks":66859,"value":66860,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers gain control of legitimate employee accounts using stolen credentials or via password-spraying or credential-stuffing techniques.",{"data":66862,"content":66863,"nodeType":945},{},[66864],{"data":66865,"content":66866,"nodeType":860},{},[66867],{"data":66868,"marks":66869,"value":66870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers exfiltrate data.",{"data":66872,"content":66873,"nodeType":945},{},[66874],{"data":66875,"content":66876,"nodeType":860},{},[66877],{"data":66878,"marks":66879,"value":66880,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The end.",{"data":66882,"content":66883,"nodeType":860},{},[66884],{"data":66885,"marks":66886,"value":66887,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Compare that to traditional network or enterprise cloud attacks, which usually involve more complex lateral movement, privilege escalation, and defense evasion.",{"data":66889,"content":66890,"nodeType":860},{},[66891],{"data":66892,"marks":66893,"value":66894,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With limited log data and few response capabilities provided by most SaaS apps, security teams also have few good options to stop the damage of an account takeover once one has occurred. ",{"data":66896,"content":66897,"nodeType":860},{},[66898],{"data":66899,"marks":66900,"value":66901,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That’s why at Push, we advocate for “shifting left,” and preventing account takeover before it happens.",{"data":66903,"content":66907,"nodeType":996},{"target":66904},{"sys":66905},{"id":66906,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6wIzMu3jBhaas9jtpV48bz",[],{"data":66909,"content":66910,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":66912,"content":66913,"nodeType":1009},{},[66914],{"data":66915,"marks":66916,"value":66917,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How Push helps you ensure strong passwords",{"data":66919,"content":66920,"nodeType":860},{},[66921],{"data":66922,"marks":66923,"value":66924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are four capabilities that security teams need in order to regain control over password security issues across their corporate accounts. Here’s how Push accomplishes each one.",{"data":66926,"content":66927,"nodeType":1312},{},[66928],{"data":66929,"marks":66930,"value":66932,"nodeType":864},{},[66931],{"type":899},"1. A reliable inventory of all the apps that employees are using, including work apps and internal apps.",{"data":66934,"content":66935,"nodeType":860},{},[66936],{"data":66937,"marks":66938,"value":66939,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push achieves this by deploying a browser agent to employee browsers that can directly observe their login activity, which feeds the data back into an admin console (or your SIEM/SOAR or other third-party system). You can enforce the installation of the agent using any MDM solution, on all major browsers.",{"data":66941,"content":66942,"nodeType":860},{},[66943],{"data":66944,"marks":66945,"value":66946,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once the agent is activated, it begins immediately capturing employee logins and produces a real-time inventory of all your work and internal apps. Because Push observes the login directly in the browser, it can identify all the apps and accounts being used by your employees — both managed and unmanaged (shadow IT).",{"data":66948,"content":66949,"nodeType":860},{},[66950,66954,66958],{"data":66951,"marks":66952,"value":66953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also configure Push to monitor ",{"data":66955,"marks":66956,"value":41021,"nodeType":864},{},[66957],{"type":2246},{"data":66959,"marks":66960,"value":66961,"nodeType":864},{},[]," login to a work app, regardless of the associated email domain of the employee. This means you can monitor personal account logins to apps that are commonly used for work.",{"data":66963,"content":66967,"nodeType":996},{"target":66964},{"sys":66965},{"id":66966,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ctCB7kBscj12BnfHhk3ro",[],{"data":66969,"content":66970,"nodeType":1312},{},[66971],{"data":66972,"marks":66973,"value":66975,"nodeType":864},{},[66974],{"type":899},"2. A way to identify the login methods an account is using, whether that’s SAML, OIDC, or password.",{"data":66977,"content":66978,"nodeType":860},{},[66979],{"data":66980,"marks":66981,"value":66982,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Again, because Push observes the login event, it can analyze the authentication method or methods in use by a given account. Push tells you which SSO accounts still have passwords associated with them, and which authentication methods are being actively used.",{"data":66984,"content":66988,"nodeType":996},{"target":66985},{"sys":66986},{"id":66987,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"pVD238hZ331gjWalDTM1q",[],{"data":66990,"content":66991,"nodeType":1312},{},[66992],{"data":66993,"marks":66994,"value":66996,"nodeType":864},{},[66995],{"type":899},"3. A method for analyzing whether an employee is using secure passwords on all their accounts.",{"data":66998,"content":66999,"nodeType":860},{},[67000,67004,67013],{"data":67001,"marks":67002,"value":67003,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Push, you can also check the posture of all your employee accounts. The browser agent accomplishes this by ",{"data":67005,"content":67007,"nodeType":883},{"uri":67006},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10065#start",[67008],{"data":67009,"marks":67010,"value":67012,"nodeType":864},{},[67011],{"type":1455},"creating a salted hash",{"data":67014,"marks":67015,"value":67016,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of a user’s observed password and then taking the first 8 characters of that hash to store locally in the browser.",{"data":67018,"content":67019,"nodeType":860},{},[67020],{"data":67021,"marks":67022,"value":67023,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This allows Push to analyze whether the password is weak (comparing the hash to a list of 10,000 common basewords and common permutations); or reused across accounts.",{"data":67025,"content":67026,"nodeType":860},{},[67027,67031,67040,67044,67053],{"data":67028,"marks":67029,"value":67030,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push can also identify when employee passwords have ",{"data":67032,"content":67034,"nodeType":883},{"uri":67033},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10066#start",[67035],{"data":67036,"marks":67037,"value":67039,"nodeType":864},{},[67038],{"type":1455},"appeared in a public breach list",{"data":67041,"marks":67042,"value":67043,"nodeType":864},{},[]," using the Have I Been Pwned service, using a k-anonymized hash. Using similar secure methods, Push can detect when employees are sharing account credentials, whether they’re using a ",{"data":67045,"content":67047,"nodeType":883},{"uri":67046},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10085/#start",[67048],{"data":67049,"marks":67050,"value":67052,"nodeType":864},{},[67051],{"type":1455},"password manager",{"data":67054,"marks":67055,"value":67056,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and which one.",{"data":67058,"content":67059,"nodeType":860},{},[67060,67063,67073],{"data":67061,"marks":67062,"value":18356,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":67064,"content":67066,"nodeType":883},{"uri":67065},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/verified-stolen-credential-detection/",[67067],{"data":67068,"marks":67069,"value":67072,"nodeType":864},{},[67070,67071],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"Stolen credentials detection",{"data":67074,"marks":67075,"value":67076,"nodeType":864},{},[]," feature, you can also get alerted when an employee is using credentials that match those for sale in criminal forums. Push integrates with commercial threat intelligence sources to perform these matches, and you can also bring your own TI using the Push REST API to perform additional checks for in-use stolen creds. This check still happens locally in the browser, so no hashes are sent to third-party systems.",{"data":67078,"content":67082,"nodeType":996},{"target":67079},{"sys":67080},{"id":67081,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6wfLCTzvHeMzagyuEWGyJg",[],{"data":67084,"content":67085,"nodeType":860},{},[67086,67090,67099],{"data":67087,"marks":67088,"value":67089,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you configure Push to also monitor for employees who are logging in to work apps using ",{"data":67091,"content":67093,"nodeType":883},{"uri":67092},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10105#start",[67094],{"data":67095,"marks":67096,"value":67098,"nodeType":864},{},[67097],{"type":1455},"personal email addresses",{"data":67100,"marks":67101,"value":67102,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or any non-corporate email, Push can identify when personal accounts and work accounts are reusing passwords for the same work application.",{"data":67104,"content":67105,"nodeType":860},{},[67106,67110,67119],{"data":67107,"marks":67108,"value":67109,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using the Push ",{"data":67111,"content":67113,"nodeType":883},{"uri":67112},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/getting-started/#api-and-webhooks",[67114],{"data":67115,"marks":67116,"value":67118,"nodeType":864},{},[67117],{"type":1455},"REST API and webhooks",{"data":67120,"marks":67121,"value":67122,"nodeType":864},{},[],", you can get alerted when Push raises a security finding for an account, and when a finding is resolved.",{"data":67124,"content":67125,"nodeType":1312},{},[67126],{"data":67127,"marks":67128,"value":67130,"nodeType":864},{},[67129],{"type":899},"4. The ability to solve any issues at scale, including remediating bad passwords and enforcing MFA, even on apps where the security team doesn’t have administrative control.",{"data":67132,"content":67133,"nodeType":860},{},[67134],{"data":67135,"marks":67136,"value":67137,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, you can enforce self-remediation workflows using Push’s position in the browser, right where employees are working. ",{"data":67139,"content":67140,"nodeType":860},{},[67141],{"data":67142,"marks":67143,"value":67144,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push recently released a new in-browser control to enforce strong passwords. It works by detecting when an employee has a password security issue, and then prompting them to update their password by displaying a customizable banner message when they log in to the affected account.",{"data":67146,"content":67150,"nodeType":996},{"target":67147},{"sys":67148},{"id":67149,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4IfBLaE66CJSsb5h44vSNp",[],{"data":67152,"content":67153,"nodeType":860},{},[67154,67158,67166],{"data":67155,"marks":67156,"value":67157,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This control complements an existing ",{"data":67159,"content":67161,"nodeType":883},{"uri":67160},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/enforce-mfa-on-third-party-apps/",[67162],{"data":67163,"marks":67164,"value":18331,"nodeType":864},{},[67165],{"type":1455},{"data":67167,"marks":67168,"value":67169,"nodeType":864},{},[]," guardrail, which uses a similar workflow to prompt employees to register for MFA on apps where it’s missing.",{"data":67171,"content":67172,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":67174,"content":67175,"nodeType":1009},{},[67176],{"data":67177,"marks":67178,"value":67180,"nodeType":864},{},[67179],{"type":899},"A closer look at password enforcement",{"data":67182,"content":67183,"nodeType":860},{},[67184,67188,67192],{"data":67185,"marks":67186,"value":67187,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the spirit of helping users do the right thing, we designed the",{"data":67189,"marks":67190,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[67191],{"type":899},{"data":67193,"marks":67194,"value":67195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"password enforcement control to meet users where they are, in the most relevant context where they can fix the problem. ",{"data":67197,"content":67198,"nodeType":860},{},[67199],{"data":67200,"marks":67201,"value":67202,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because this control is powered by the Push browser agent, security teams don’t need administrative control over every app where password accounts exist — which often isn’t practical for all the reasons we reviewed earlier. Instead, they can use Push to prompt employees to fix the issue themselves.",{"data":67204,"content":67205,"nodeType":860},{},[67206],{"data":67207,"marks":67208,"value":40885,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":67210,"content":67211,"nodeType":941},{},[67212,67238,67248],{"data":67213,"content":67214,"nodeType":945},{},[67215],{"data":67216,"content":67217,"nodeType":860},{},[67218,67222,67226,67230,67234],{"data":67219,"marks":67220,"value":67221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can enable ",{"data":67223,"marks":67224,"value":18339,"nodeType":864},{},[67225],{"type":899},{"data":67227,"marks":67228,"value":67229,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from the tile on the ",{"data":67231,"marks":67232,"value":40761,"nodeType":864},{},[67233],{"type":899},{"data":67235,"marks":67236,"value":67237,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page of the Push admin console. ",{"data":67239,"content":67240,"nodeType":945},{},[67241],{"data":67242,"content":67243,"nodeType":860},{},[67244],{"data":67245,"marks":67246,"value":67247,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using the rule editor, select whether you want to apply the control for all employees, or just specific groups or individuals, and which apps it should apply to. You can also select which types of password security issues you want to prompt users about.",{"data":67249,"content":67250,"nodeType":945},{},[67251],{"data":67252,"content":67253,"nodeType":860},{},[67254],{"data":67255,"marks":67256,"value":67257,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Then customize the message that employees will see. Push will then automatically display the banner based on your criteria. Where possible, Push will include a link in the banner that takes employees directly to the page in the app where they can change their password — or you can add a link yourself.",{"data":67259,"content":67263,"nodeType":996},{"target":67260},{"sys":67261},{"id":67262,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"shpVOAMlk7OE1mWrE9h8S",[],{"data":67265,"content":67266,"nodeType":860},{},[67267],{"data":67268,"marks":67269,"value":67270,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once the password has been changed and Push verifies that the new password is strong, you’ll see the security finding cleared from the account record in the admin console and the banner will no longer display to the end-user.",{"data":67272,"content":67273,"nodeType":860},{},[67274],{"data":67275,"marks":67276,"value":67277,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push also sends webhook events when:",{"data":67279,"content":67280,"nodeType":941},{},[67281,67291,67301,67311],{"data":67282,"content":67283,"nodeType":945},{},[67284],{"data":67285,"content":67286,"nodeType":860},{},[67287],{"data":67288,"marks":67289,"value":67290,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A banner is displayed",{"data":67292,"content":67293,"nodeType":945},{},[67294],{"data":67295,"content":67296,"nodeType":860},{},[67297],{"data":67298,"marks":67299,"value":67300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A user clicks the link in the banner to take action",{"data":67302,"content":67303,"nodeType":945},{},[67304],{"data":67305,"content":67306,"nodeType":860},{},[67307],{"data":67308,"marks":67309,"value":67310,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A password is updated",{"data":67312,"content":67313,"nodeType":945},{},[67314],{"data":67315,"content":67316,"nodeType":860},{},[67317],{"data":67318,"marks":67319,"value":67320,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A password security finding is resolved",{"data":67322,"content":67323,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":67325,"content":67326,"nodeType":1009},{},[67327],{"data":67328,"marks":67329,"value":67331,"nodeType":864},{},[67330],{"type":899},"Where to begin",{"data":67333,"content":67334,"nodeType":860},{},[67335],{"data":67336,"marks":67337,"value":67338,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most organizations we work with deploy the Push agent first to get an initial understanding of their attack surface and account posture issues. Then we recommend enabling the one-two punch of MFA and strong password enforcement guardrails. You can use both controls in tandem, and Push will first seek to resolve the password issues on a given account, and then prompt the user to register for MFA.",{"data":67340,"content":67341,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":67343,"content":67344,"nodeType":1009},{},[67345],{"data":67346,"marks":67347,"value":40946,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":67349,"content":67350,"nodeType":860},{},[67351,67355,67362],{"data":67352,"marks":67353,"value":67354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to learn more about how Push helps you to detect and defeat common identity attack techniques like AiTM phishing, credential stuffing, and session hijacking while improving your workforce identity posture, book some time with one of our team for a ",{"data":67356,"content":67357,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[67358],{"data":67359,"marks":67360,"value":2715,"nodeType":864},{},[67361],{"type":1455},{"data":67363,"marks":67364,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Introducing Push password enforcement — for when weak 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In particular, the increasing prevalence of MFA has led to AitM phishing attacks becoming much more common. The threat intelligence industry naturally wants to locate and shutdown all the phishing servers – but the phishers are fighting back.",{"data":68738,"content":68739,"nodeType":860},{},[68740,68744,68752],{"data":68741,"marks":68742,"value":68743,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we dive into how AitM phishing kits evade detection, you should check out our earlier blog post on ‘",{"data":68745,"content":68746,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29132},[68747],{"data":68748,"marks":68749,"value":68751,"nodeType":864},{},[68750],{"type":1455},"Phishing 2.0 – how phishing toolkits are evolving with AitM",{"data":68753,"marks":68754,"value":68755,"nodeType":864},{},[],"’ if you want to get up to speed with what these toolkits are, and why attackers are using them more regularly. ",{"data":68757,"content":68758,"nodeType":860},{},[68759],{"data":68760,"marks":68761,"value":68762,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this blog post, we’re going to look at a recent instance of the NakedPages AitM phishing toolkit and some of the steps it takes to frustrate detection and analysis. 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The first step involves visiting a URL that is simply a Cloudflare Worker. Cloudflare Workers are a serverless execution environment, a bit like AWS lambdas.",{"data":68791,"content":68792,"nodeType":860},{},[68793],{"data":68794,"marks":68795,"value":68796,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The benefit to the attacker is that this gives them a highly reputable primary domain as it is one owned and operated by Cloudflare. Flagging recently registered or uncategorized/rare domains for further analysis won’t work for this. For example, the URL used in this instance was the following:",{"data":68798,"content":68799,"nodeType":860},{},[68800],{"data":68801,"marks":68802,"value":68805,"nodeType":864},{},[68803],{"type":68804},"code","hxxps://226028cc.502f135e3e036e726fba22d4.workers.dev",{"data":68807,"content":68808,"nodeType":860},{},[68809,68813,68822],{"data":68810,"marks":68811,"value":68812,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For other examples of Cloudflare Workers being abused for phishing, ",{"data":68814,"content":68816,"nodeType":883},{"uri":68815},"https://www.trustwave.com/en-us/resources/blogs/spiderlabs-blog/its-raining-phish-and-scams-how-cloudflare-pages-dev-and-workers-dev-domains-get-abused/",[68817],{"data":68818,"marks":68819,"value":68821,"nodeType":864},{},[68820],{"type":1455},"check out this blog post from Trustwave",{"data":68823,"marks":68824,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":68826,"content":68827,"nodeType":1009},{},[68828],{"data":68829,"marks":68830,"value":68831,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 2: Cloudflare Turnstile for bot detection",{"data":68833,"content":68834,"nodeType":860},{},[68835],{"data":68836,"marks":68837,"value":68838,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The only purpose of the Cloudflare Worker is to act as a bot gateway to prevent automated analysis getting further than this point. For this it uses Cloudflare Turnstile. Turnstile is a highly effective tool for detecting the difference between bots and human users as a replacement for CAPTCHAs used by websites across the world. ",{"data":68840,"content":68841,"nodeType":860},{},[68842],{"data":68843,"marks":68844,"value":68845,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If it doesn’t work transparently then you’ll probably see something like this:",{"data":68847,"content":68850,"nodeType":996},{"target":68848},{"sys":68849},{"id":65247,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":68852,"content":68853,"nodeType":860},{},[68854],{"data":68855,"marks":68856,"value":68857,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, who else wants to keep out the bots? Well, phishers of course! There are many sandbox environments and other automated platforms out there, visiting every URL they come across in the search for malicious behavior. This stops many of them in their tracks as they never get past the Turnstile check. ",{"data":68859,"content":68860,"nodeType":860},{},[68861,68865,68874,68878,68887],{"data":68862,"marks":68863,"value":68864,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Malicious use of Turnstile use has become much more common now. Examples include other criminal kits ",{"data":68866,"content":68868,"nodeType":883},{"uri":68867},"https://blog.sekoia.io/tycoon-2fa-an-in-depth-analysis-of-the-latest-version-of-the-aitm-phishing-kit/",[68869],{"data":68870,"marks":68871,"value":68873,"nodeType":864},{},[68872],{"type":1455},"such as Tycoon",{"data":68875,"marks":68876,"value":68877,"nodeType":864},{},[],", as well as ",{"data":68879,"content":68881,"nodeType":883},{"uri":68880},"https://fin3ss3g0d.net/index.php/2024/04/08/evilgophishs-approach-to-advanced-bot-detection-with-cloudflare-turnstile/",[68882],{"data":68883,"marks":68884,"value":68886,"nodeType":864},{},[68885],{"type":1455},"open-source phishing tools focused on red teaming",{"data":68888,"marks":68889,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":68891,"content":68892,"nodeType":1009},{},[68893],{"data":68894,"marks":68895,"value":68896,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 3: Required URL parameters and custom auth headers",{"data":68898,"content":68899,"nodeType":860},{},[68900],{"data":68901,"marks":68902,"value":68903,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you get past Turnstile, then you’ll finally be redirected to a more conventionally suspicious domain. However, you’ll need to supply the correct URL parameters and headers, or that request might behave differently. ",{"data":68905,"content":68906,"nodeType":860},{},[68907],{"data":68908,"marks":68909,"value":68910,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Suspicious domains can be found and interrogated through other means, such as observing new domain registrations or certificate transparency logs. In this case, the phishers add other steps involving required URL parameters and custom headers. This means that a defender who knows the domain name can’t discover the malicious behavior just by making a simple HTTP(S) request to the domain.",{"data":68912,"content":68913,"nodeType":860},{},[68914],{"data":68915,"marks":68916,"value":68917,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The following code snippet shows how this operates. Bonus points for spotting how they actually forgot to implement their own RSA encryption function and instead send their “encrypted” user agents in clear text:",{"data":68919,"content":68923,"nodeType":996},{"target":68920},{"sys":68921},{"id":68922,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"45aif31bot9phquQPkz20p",[],{"data":68925,"content":68926,"nodeType":1009},{},[68927],{"data":68928,"marks":68929,"value":68930,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 4: Requiring JavaScript execution",{"data":68932,"content":68933,"nodeType":860},{},[68934],{"data":68935,"marks":68936,"value":68937,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another aspect of the previous step is that it requires JavaScript to execute. That means defensive techniques that simply make HTTP(S) requests and scrape content will not automatically be able to follow the link without allowing JavaScript execution. This forces the use of dynamic sandbox techniques that actually load a DOM, as it’s almost impossible for static analysis to generically solve this problem.",{"data":68939,"content":68940,"nodeType":1009},{},[68941],{"data":68942,"marks":68943,"value":68944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 5: Redirecting to legitimate domains",{"data":68946,"content":68947,"nodeType":860},{},[68948,68952,68960,68964,68973],{"data":68949,"marks":68950,"value":68951,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers will also redirect to legitimate domains to mask their activity. Let’s say a defender has visited the attacker’s malicious domain without executing JavaScript or supplying the correct URL parameters. The attacker doesn’t want to activate their malicious phishing behavior at this point, so they need to do something benign instead. In this case, they simply redirect to ",{"data":68953,"content":68955,"nodeType":883},{"uri":68954},"https://example.com",[68956],{"data":68957,"marks":68958,"value":68954,"nodeType":864},{},[68959],{"type":1455},{"data":68961,"marks":68962,"value":68963,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Interestingly, ",{"data":68965,"content":68967,"nodeType":883},{"uri":68966},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W-LxcbUxI4&t=643s",[68968],{"data":68969,"marks":68970,"value":68972,"nodeType":864},{},[68971],{"type":1455},"EvilProxy has also been seen redirecting to example.com too",{"data":68974,"marks":68975,"value":44128,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":68977,"content":68981,"nodeType":996},{"target":68978},{"sys":68979},{"id":68980,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"450Y7W1uXVkKSps5y0xhBe",[],{"data":68983,"content":68984,"nodeType":1009},{},[68985],{"data":68986,"marks":68987,"value":68988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 6: HTTP referer header masking",{"data":68990,"content":68991,"nodeType":860},{},[68992],{"data":68993,"marks":68994,"value":68995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Maintainers of legitimate websites often look at the HTTP referer header to see where they are being linked from. This is often a critical task for businesses, particularly for things like marketing. However, what if employees spot strange redirects coming in from suspicious looking domains like the ones used by this phishing kit? Perhaps they might investigate those domains and/or tip off relevant security vendors and organizations. ",{"data":68997,"content":68998,"nodeType":860},{},[68999,69003,69011,69015,69023],{"data":69000,"marks":69001,"value":69002,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unless, of course, you were to use a service to mask the HTTP referrer – which is exactly what the phishing kit does in this case. NakedPages makes use of ",{"data":69004,"content":69006,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69005},"https://href.li/",[69007],{"data":69008,"marks":69009,"value":69005,"nodeType":864},{},[69010],{"type":1455},{"data":69012,"marks":69013,"value":69014,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as a service to strip the referral to ensure the redirection is performed anonymously. Rather conveniently, it seems the default example that ",{"data":69016,"content":69018,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69017},"https://href.li",[69019],{"data":69020,"marks":69021,"value":69017,"nodeType":864},{},[69022],{"type":1455},{"data":69024,"marks":69025,"value":69026,"nodeType":864},{},[]," uses is… example.com:",{"data":69028,"content":69032,"nodeType":996},{"target":69029},{"sys":69030},{"id":69031,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"78xFQwTG1r0YWGJ24iEdYP",[],{"data":69034,"content":69035,"nodeType":1009},{},[69036],{"data":69037,"marks":69038,"value":69039,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 7: Loading balanced domains",{"data":69041,"content":69042,"nodeType":860},{},[69043],{"data":69044,"marks":69045,"value":69046,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You’re probably thinking: Step 7? Surely, if a victim’s browser has finally made it this far then the attackers would just serve up the malicious phishing content at this point, right? Well, we aren’t quite done yet. These initial gateway servers are one of the most important components to keep undetected, as existing phishing campaigns and (as yet unread) emails will be leading to them.",{"data":69048,"content":69049,"nodeType":860},{},[69050],{"data":69051,"marks":69052,"value":69053,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once we get to the more obviously malicious phishing activity, there is a higher chance of detection and user reports. In this case the phishing kit actually retrieves a new URL to redirect to, along with a suitable JWT authentication parameter. The benefit of this is that when URLs/hostnames get flagged as malicious, blocked or otherwise taken down, the phishing kit can just redirect to other hostnames, and the attacker’s can keep updating with new URLs over time. ",{"data":69055,"content":69056,"nodeType":860},{},[69057],{"data":69058,"marks":69059,"value":69060,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Below we can see an example of the response containing a URL, with a JWT auth parameter:",{"data":69062,"content":69066,"nodeType":996},{"target":69063},{"sys":69064},{"id":69065,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4NpH7V5oEdTASNNJsqCJ47",[],{"data":69068,"content":69072,"nodeType":996},{"target":69069},{"sys":69070},{"id":69071,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7oqkrhNXtyOlJMEz0BZyLo",[],{"data":69074,"content":69075,"nodeType":860},{},[69076],{"data":69077,"marks":69078,"value":69079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automating this request in this example brings back around 20 different primary domains used for the final phishing attack. These domains are rotated over time as some are blocked and new ones are created.",{"data":69081,"content":69082,"nodeType":1009},{},[69083],{"data":69084,"marks":69085,"value":69086,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 8: Breaking login page signatures",{"data":69088,"content":69089,"nodeType":860},{},[69090],{"data":69091,"marks":69092,"value":69093,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If all the previous checks have passed then a victim user is finally presented with a phishing page. The attacker has most closely emulated the sign-on page for live.com for Outlook in this case, though it also has some aspects from a business Microsoft login too, as we can see in the examples below:",{"data":69095,"content":69099,"nodeType":996},{"target":69096},{"sys":69097},{"id":69098,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2Ez0fgAlmkrisdQGWfL6CV",[],{"data":69101,"content":69102,"nodeType":860},{},[69103],{"data":69104,"marks":69105,"value":69106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, one obvious change can be seen in the HTML title in the tab header. This normally says something like “Sign in to Outlook” or “Sign in to your account”. In this case, the phishing kit has randomized the HTML title. \n\nOne super easy way to detect websites pretending to be common login pages that have 1:1 cloned the website or are performing full reverse proxy AiTM techniques would be to search for obvious HTML content like this. Not many legitimate websites should have an HTML title of “Sign in to Outlook” other than Microsoft’s own legitimate domains for it, right?",{"data":69108,"content":69109,"nodeType":860},{},[69110],{"data":69111,"marks":69112,"value":69113,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Taking a closer look, we’ll see that the HTML, DOM and JavaScript etc. differ quite significantly from the true login pages, even if the visual appearance is very similar. One reason for this is to make it harder for defenders to simply signature on specific aspects of commonly spoofed login pages.",{"data":69115,"content":69116,"nodeType":1009},{},[69117],{"data":69118,"marks":69119,"value":69120,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 9: B2B targeting",{"data":69122,"content":69123,"nodeType":860},{},[69124],{"data":69125,"marks":69126,"value":69127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The final interesting aspect of this particular example is that it modifies its behavior during the login process depending on whether a personal Microsoft account or an organization account is used.",{"data":69129,"content":69130,"nodeType":860},{},[69131,69135,69143],{"data":69132,"marks":69133,"value":69134,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When entering an email address associated with a personal Microsoft account, or picking ‘personal account’ when prompted after entering an email address that is used for both purposes, the server will return a 302 redirect and send the user to ",{"data":69136,"content":69138,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69137},"https://login.live.com/",[69139],{"data":69140,"marks":69141,"value":69137,"nodeType":864},{},[69142],{"type":1455},{"data":69144,"marks":69145,"value":69146,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where they can then re-enter their credentials and login to Microsoft legitimately if they continue. This reduces the potential for detection further as no AitM phishing login will actually occur.",{"data":69148,"content":69149,"nodeType":860},{},[69150,69154,69159],{"data":69151,"marks":69152,"value":69153,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the other hand, when using an organization account the phishing process continues as expected. ",{"data":69155,"marks":69156,"value":69158,"nodeType":864},{},[69157],{"type":899},"This phishing campaign is exclusively targeting corp accounts",{"data":69160,"marks":69161,"value":69162,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and you could almost say it has a B2B (or is that A2B?) rather than B2C business model.  ",{"data":69164,"content":69165,"nodeType":1009},{},[69166],{"data":69167,"marks":69168,"value":29517,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":69170,"content":69171,"nodeType":860},{},[69172],{"data":69173,"marks":69174,"value":69175,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As you may have guessed from the extremely suspicious domains in use and examples of sloppy coding (like forgetting to implement an encryption function) the NakedPages kit is far from sophisticated. Despite this, the tricks that attackers are using to make detection and analysis more difficult seem to be quite effective when used in a layered model. ",{"data":69177,"content":69178,"nodeType":860},{},[69179],{"data":69180,"marks":69181,"value":69182,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, at the time of writing this particular Worker had been up for at least two days and was currently only triggering 1 detection on VirusTotal. ",{"data":69184,"content":69188,"nodeType":996},{"target":69185},{"sys":69186},{"id":69187,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1mIOpDtmgcMasK6dEhRHsm",[],{"data":69190,"content":69191,"nodeType":860},{},[69192],{"data":69193,"marks":69194,"value":69195,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One key takeaway is that it’s near impossible to stay on top of all the phishing servers on the internet. Even the untargeted mass campaigns will initially be missed by TI feeds, let alone the targeted ones. ",{"data":69197,"content":69198,"nodeType":860},{},[69199,69203,69211],{"data":69200,"marks":69201,"value":69202,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The best foot forward for resilience against these attacks is through the use of domain-bound MFA methods like WebAuthn. Common MFA methods like OTPs, SMS, push notifications etc. are routinely bypassed using ",{"data":69204,"content":69205,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29132},[69206],{"data":69207,"marks":69208,"value":69210,"nodeType":864},{},[69209],{"type":1455},"AitM techniques that proxy the MFA authentication as well",{"data":69212,"marks":69213,"value":69214,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Even if you are one of the few who use phishing-resistant MFA methods like WebAuthn or other passkeys, the devil is in the detail and we’ve seen MFA downgrade attacks being used to bypass them by choosing a phishable method that’s also active.",{"data":69216,"content":69220,"nodeType":996},{"target":69217},{"sys":69218},{"id":69219,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"17lSgRFD6fDzRUn9eOHJg6",[],{"data":69222,"content":69223,"nodeType":1009},{},[69224],{"data":69225,"marks":69226,"value":69227,"nodeType":864},{},[],"P.S. How did we detect this?",{"data":69229,"content":69230,"nodeType":860},{},[69231,69235,69240,69244,69252],{"data":69232,"marks":69233,"value":69234,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After all that, you might be wondering how we managed to automate a process to generically pass through all these detection evasion techniques – ",{"data":69236,"marks":69237,"value":69239,"nodeType":864},{},[69238],{"type":899},"well the short answer is: We didn’t.",{"data":69241,"marks":69242,"value":69243,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Instead, we detected the act of an employee ",{"data":69245,"content":69246,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},[69247],{"data":69248,"marks":69249,"value":69251,"nodeType":864},{},[69250],{"type":1455},"attempting to put their Microsoft password into a website that wasn’t Microsoft",{"data":69253,"marks":69254,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":69256,"content":69257,"nodeType":860},{},[69258],{"data":69259,"marks":69260,"value":69261,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The TTP for phishing is effectively “trick someone into putting their valid credentials into the wrong site” – so detecting that behavior directly (the action of entering a legit password into the wrong site) can be a lot simpler and more effective than playing the cat-and-mouse detection → detection-evasion game.",{"data":69263,"content":69264,"nodeType":860},{},[69265],{"data":69266,"marks":69267,"value":69268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Having said that, if you’re interested, here are the domain IOCs for this campaign:",{"data":69270,"content":69271,"nodeType":860},{},[69272],{"data":69273,"marks":69274,"value":69276,"nodeType":864},{},[69275],{"type":68804},"226028cc[.]502f135e3e036e726fba22d4[.]workers[.]dev\nacevoorgukmembership[.]buzz\nalerteditorroyalsocietyorgnz[.]buzz\nandymarshallsgeniuslocidigestghostiomghostio[.]buzz\nblogresponseinsperitycom[.]buzz\ncampaigneventbritecomnoreply[.]buzz\ncharityexcellencer1technologytrustnewsorg[.]buzz\nclerkenwelldesignweekcomnoreply[.]buzz\nconfirminfothetrainlinecomauto[.]buzz\nhealthestatejournalcomnoreply[.]buzz\nmentalhealthdesignandbuildcomnoreply[.]buzz\nnoreplynotificationswhoopcom[.]buzz\nstepexhibitionscomeventsupport[.]buzz\ntheathletice1theathleticcom[.]buzz\nthekakahoonssubstackcom[.]buzz","How AitM phishing kits evade detection","Taking a closer look at the steps that AitM phishing kits take to hide from the prying eyes of security teams and threat intelligence vendors.","2024-07-23T00:00:00.000Z","how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection",{"items":69282},[69283,69285],{"sys":69284,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":69286,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":69288},[69289],{"fullName":24112,"firstName":24113,"jobTitle":24114,"profilePicture":69290},{"url":24116},{"__typename":2059,"sys":69292,"content":69294,"title":70458,"synopsis":70459,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":40967,"slug":70460,"tagsCollection":70461,"authorsCollection":70467},{"id":69293},"5KqYY7p174lSpuinfTfEZU",{"json":69295},{"data":69296,"content":69297,"nodeType":856},{},[69298,69305,69360,69367,69370,69377,69384,69417,69429,69432,69439,69450,69457,69476,69482,69501,69508,69518,69538,69558,69565,69584,69590,69610,69613,69620,69627,69634,69653,69671,69678,69697,69704,69711,69735,69742,69761,69781,69787,69794,69813,69816,69823,69840,69859,69866,69919,69926,69929,69936,69943,69962,69982,69989,69996,70003,70023,70030,70037,70043,70049,70052,70059,70066,70073,70092,70102,70121,70128,70135,70145,70152,70159,70179,70185,70188,70195,70202,70209,70281,70288,70295,70302,70310,70331,70338,70344,70355,70376,70383,70391,70410,70417,70424,70430,70433,70440],{"data":69299,"content":69300,"nodeType":860},{},[69301],{"data":69302,"marks":69303,"value":69304,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From massive breaches like the Snowflake incident to novel phishing techniques documented by Push researchers, 2024 was the year that identity attacks left their mark. Looking back over what we saw in the wild and what we found through Push’s own research, three key themes stand out:",{"data":69306,"content":69307,"nodeType":941},{},[69308,69327,69337],{"data":69309,"content":69310,"nodeType":945},{},[69311],{"data":69312,"content":69313,"nodeType":860},{},[69314,69318,69323],{"data":69315,"marks":69316,"value":69317,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Account takeover techniques on cloud apps are fundamentally different from traditional network-based attacks. To have the best chance of preventing account takeover, defenders need to  disrupt attacks ",{"data":69319,"marks":69320,"value":69322,"nodeType":864},{},[69321],{"type":2246},"before",{"data":69324,"marks":69325,"value":69326,"nodeType":864},{},[]," they’re successful.",{"data":69328,"content":69329,"nodeType":945},{},[69330],{"data":69331,"content":69332,"nodeType":860},{},[69333],{"data":69334,"marks":69335,"value":69336,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not easy or practical to maintain 100 percent compliance on identity posture standards in a world where employees are using and signing up to apps outside of IT oversight — but it is possible to make this work a lot easier by using tools that help you scale your remediation activities.",{"data":69338,"content":69339,"nodeType":945},{},[69340],{"data":69341,"content":69342,"nodeType":860},{},[69343,69347,69356],{"data":69344,"marks":69345,"value":69346,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Despite another year where cybersecurity spend increased (now up to almost $1,100 per user, according to ",{"data":69348,"content":69350,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69349},"https://www.forrester.com/report/2024-cybersecurity-benchmarks-global/RES181118",[69351],{"data":69352,"marks":69353,"value":69355,"nodeType":864},{},[69354],{"type":1455},"Forrester",{"data":69357,"marks":69358,"value":69359,"nodeType":864},{},[],"), existing approaches are not successfully preventing account takeovers. Security teams need to be able to detect and respond to these attacks where they happen: The browser.",{"data":69361,"content":69362,"nodeType":860},{},[69363],{"data":69364,"marks":69365,"value":69366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’ll take a look back at how these themes influenced key features we delivered for Push customers in 2024.",{"data":69368,"content":69369,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":69371,"content":69372,"nodeType":1009},{},[69373],{"data":69374,"marks":69375,"value":69376,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Defending against modern phishing attacks",{"data":69378,"content":69379,"nodeType":860},{},[69380],{"data":69381,"marks":69382,"value":69383,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing techniques that bypass MFA are now the norm, and few organizations have successfully achieved full coverage of phishing-resistant MFA methods. ",{"data":69385,"content":69386,"nodeType":860},{},[69387,69391,69400,69404,69413],{"data":69388,"marks":69389,"value":69390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Equally, while phishing attacks via email remain the most commonly reported vector, phishing attacks increasingly target users outside of email. For example, phishing links are often encountered through normal internet use — such as ",{"data":69392,"content":69394,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69393},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hackers-use-google-search-ads-to-steal-google-ads-accounts/",[69395],{"data":69396,"marks":69397,"value":69399,"nodeType":864},{},[69398],{"type":1455},"in malicious Google ads",{"data":69401,"marks":69402,"value":69403,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — and attackers frequently conduct their campaigns over IM platforms like Slack and Teams. Late last year there was ",{"data":69405,"content":69407,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69406},"https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kevin-beaumont-security_ive-been-assisting-a-few-orgs-hit-with-successful-activity-7268055739116445701-xxjZ?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop",[69408],{"data":69409,"marks":69410,"value":69412,"nodeType":864},{},[69411],{"type":1455},"a rise in attackers inundating users with spam via Teams",{"data":69414,"marks":69415,"value":69416,"nodeType":864},{},[],", combined with phone scams posing as IT admins. Since anti-phishing controls are usually email-based, they fail to protect users from attacks taking place elsewhere. ",{"data":69418,"content":69419,"nodeType":860},{},[69420,69424],{"data":69421,"marks":69422,"value":69423,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At Push, we’ve built a suite of anti-phishing features over the last year that act as a defense-in-depth approach to the types of modern phishing techniques we’ve been observing in the wild. ",{"data":69425,"marks":69426,"value":69428,"nodeType":864},{},[69427],{"type":899},"Here’s what we built and why.",{"data":69430,"content":69431,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":69433,"content":69434,"nodeType":1009},{},[69435],{"data":69436,"marks":69437,"value":69438,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Protecting passwords used for SSO",{"data":69440,"content":69441,"nodeType":1312},{},[69442,69447],{"data":69443,"marks":69444,"value":69446,"nodeType":864},{},[69445],{"type":899},"What happened?",{"data":69448,"marks":69449,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":69451,"content":69452,"nodeType":860},{},[69453],{"data":69454,"marks":69455,"value":69456,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers explicitly targeted Okta, Entra, and Google Workspace accounts in 2023 and 2024, so we knew a top priority would be protecting identity provider accounts. These IdP accounts are a key target because they allow attackers to move laterally to other valuable apps and data via SSO following the initial account takeover.",{"data":69458,"content":69459,"nodeType":860},{},[69460,69464,69472],{"data":69461,"marks":69462,"value":69463,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not just the typical IdPs you need to watch out for, either: Apps like GitHub, Slack, Salesforce, Facebook, X, and others all provide SSO functionality, increasing the blast radius of a compromise. And as we reported in ",{"data":69465,"content":69466,"nodeType":883},{"uri":30839},[69467],{"data":69468,"marks":69469,"value":69471,"nodeType":864},{},[69470],{"type":1455},"our research on cross-IdP impersonation",{"data":69473,"marks":69474,"value":69475,"nodeType":864},{},[],", apps can be accessed using multiple SSO methods simultaneously — and 3 in 5 apps that we tested recently did not require re-verification by default when adding a new login method.",{"data":69477,"content":69481,"nodeType":996},{"target":69478},{"sys":69479},{"id":69480,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3EOOr4dVQoiPjl2ucUs1mA",[],{"data":69483,"content":69484,"nodeType":860},{},[69485,69489,69497],{"data":69486,"marks":69487,"value":69488,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing is a problem that would be significantly reduced in a world without passwords. But while the ideal case is that organizations can put in place phishing-resistant authentication methods like passkeys or other WebAuthn-based methods, the reality is that ",{"data":69490,"content":69491,"nodeType":883},{"uri":66656},[69492],{"data":69493,"marks":69494,"value":69496,"nodeType":864},{},[69495],{"type":1455},"it’s not a perfect solution right now",{"data":69498,"marks":69499,"value":69500,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — widespread passkey implementation is hard to achieve.",{"data":69502,"content":69503,"nodeType":860},{},[69504],{"data":69505,"marks":69506,"value":69507,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One of the key advantages of passkeys is that they are domain-bound: Meaning they can’t be used on a site with the wrong domain. So, we started thinking: What if it were possible to essentially domain-bind a password? ",{"data":69509,"content":69510,"nodeType":1312},{},[69511,69515],{"data":69512,"marks":69513,"value":20546,"nodeType":864},{},[69514],{"type":899},{"data":69516,"marks":69517,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":69519,"content":69520,"nodeType":860},{},[69521,69525,69534],{"data":69522,"marks":69523,"value":69524,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the first half of 2024, we delivered our ",{"data":69526,"content":69527,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},[69528],{"data":69529,"marks":69530,"value":69533,"nodeType":864},{},[69531,69532],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"SSO password protection",{"data":69535,"marks":69536,"value":69537,"nodeType":864},{},[]," feature, which allows Push administrators to block employees from entering their IdP password into any site that’s not the identity provider — in effect domain-binding SSO credentials. ",{"data":69539,"content":69540,"nodeType":860},{},[69541,69545,69554],{"data":69542,"marks":69543,"value":69544,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push accomplishes this via the Push browser agent, which ",{"data":69546,"content":69548,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69547},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/10109/#how-does-sso-password-protection-work",[69549],{"data":69550,"marks":69551,"value":69553,"nodeType":864},{},[69552],{"type":1455},"observes and fingerprints",{"data":69555,"marks":69556,"value":69557,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the user’s SSO password and legitimate SSO login pages, and then enforces in-browser controls to prevent an SSO password from being submitted on any URL that doesn’t match the legitimate provider, an extremely strong anti-phishing protection. Separately, Push also verifies that passwords it observes are not easily guessable.",{"data":69559,"content":69560,"nodeType":860},{},[69561],{"data":69562,"marks":69563,"value":69564,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The idea behind this approach is to gain some similar benefits to passkeys — by ensuring that passwords used for SSO access to your apps cannot be phished and are unique and strong — but in a way that “just works” with existing password-based authentication. ",{"data":69566,"content":69567,"nodeType":860},{},[69568,69572,69580],{"data":69569,"marks":69570,"value":69571,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations that monitor for SSO password reuse will find that the practice turns out to be incredibly widespread, so being able to detect and prevent password reuse — even outside of actual phishing attempts — is an asset to security teams. (Our ",{"data":69573,"content":69574,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43267},[69575],{"data":69576,"marks":69577,"value":69579,"nodeType":864},{},[69578],{"type":1455},"research shows",{"data":69581,"marks":69582,"value":69583,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that 10% of IdP accounts are using a password that is shared with another app — where it is much more likely to be compromised.) ",{"data":69585,"content":69589,"nodeType":996},{"target":69586},{"sys":69587},{"id":69588,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Ce999wf4mqCZwu1jLofsx",[],{"data":69591,"content":69592,"nodeType":860},{},[69593,69597,69606],{"data":69594,"marks":69595,"value":69596,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By streaming events to your SIEM and setting up a simple automation, you can also use Push-supplied intelligence on SSO password reuse to ",{"data":69598,"content":69600,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69599},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/automating-sso-password-resets-using-push/",[69601],{"data":69602,"marks":69603,"value":69605,"nodeType":864},{},[69604],{"type":1455},"automatically reset",{"data":69607,"marks":69608,"value":69609,"nodeType":864},{},[]," potentially compromised passwords — this provides instant response to successful phishing and gets rid of password re-use of your most sensitive credentials in one move - the kind of combo we love!",{"data":69611,"content":69612,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":69614,"content":69615,"nodeType":1009},{},[69616],{"data":69617,"marks":69618,"value":69619,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking AitM phishing and cloned login pages",{"data":69621,"content":69622,"nodeType":1312},{},[69623],{"data":69624,"marks":69625,"value":69446,"nodeType":864},{},[69626],{"type":899},{"data":69628,"content":69629,"nodeType":860},{},[69630],{"data":69631,"marks":69632,"value":69633,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When you’re able to detect SSO passwords being used in all the wrong places, it’s not surprising that one of the main offenders is phishing attacks. ",{"data":69635,"content":69636,"nodeType":860},{},[69637,69641,69649],{"data":69638,"marks":69639,"value":69640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In 2024, we wrote extensively about the rise in ",{"data":69642,"content":69643,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29132},[69644],{"data":69645,"marks":69646,"value":69648,"nodeType":864},{},[69647],{"type":1455},"modern phishing attacks",{"data":69650,"marks":69651,"value":69652,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that use adversary-in-the middle toolkits (AiTM), including EvilNoVNC, Evilginx, and others.",{"data":69654,"content":69655,"nodeType":860},{},[69656,69660,69668],{"data":69657,"marks":69658,"value":69659,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AiTM phishing is a newer variant of phishing that allows attackers to bypass MFA protection by using tools that act as a proxy between the end-user and a legitimate login portal. AitM attacks increased 146% in 2023 (",{"data":69661,"content":69663,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69662},"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft%20Digital%20Defense%20Report%202024%20%281%29.pdf",[69664],{"data":69665,"marks":69666,"value":20198,"nodeType":864},{},[69667],{"type":1455},{"data":69669,"marks":69670,"value":26415,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":69672,"content":69673,"nodeType":860},{},[69674],{"data":69675,"marks":69676,"value":69677,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This trend in tradecraft was reflected in our own customer base last year, but what’s interesting is that we observed a lot of phish kits and tactics that were new — meaning traditional detections failed to find them before Push did. ",{"data":69679,"content":69680,"nodeType":860},{},[69681,69685,69693],{"data":69682,"marks":69683,"value":69684,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In particular, we saw newer ",{"data":69686,"content":69687,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[69688],{"data":69689,"marks":69690,"value":69692,"nodeType":864},{},[69691],{"type":1455},"web-based obfuscation techniques",{"data":69694,"marks":69695,"value":69696,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that allowed attackers to get past the features of email security tools like web gateways and email scanning appliances, such as bypassing web sandbox analysis, and deter other forms of automated investigation by using Cloudflare Turnstile and other tactics — similar to the approaches legit websites use to protect against automated bots (this is essentially the same problem for both).",{"data":69698,"content":69699,"nodeType":860},{},[69700],{"data":69701,"marks":69702,"value":69703,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The gap in existing controls was obvious: When all phishing routes eventually lead to the browser, security teams need to be able to detect and respond in the browser. To do this well they need to observe what the employee sees, not what loads in a sandbox.",{"data":69705,"content":69706,"nodeType":1312},{},[69707],{"data":69708,"marks":69709,"value":20546,"nodeType":864},{},[69710],{"type":899},{"data":69712,"content":69713,"nodeType":860},{},[69714,69718,69727,69732],{"data":69715,"marks":69716,"value":69717,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To address this gap, we released new capabilities for the Push browser agent to be able to ",{"data":69719,"content":69720,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44242},[69721],{"data":69722,"marks":69723,"value":69726,"nodeType":864},{},[69724,69725],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"detect and block",{"data":69728,"marks":69729,"value":69731,"nodeType":864},{},[69730],{"type":899}," when a site is running AiTM phishing toolkits",{"data":69733,"marks":69734,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":69736,"content":69737,"nodeType":860},{},[69738],{"data":69739,"marks":69740,"value":69741,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does this via a set of readymade detections for common AiTM tools. By dynamically analyzing the behavior of malware in the browser, the Push browser agent can find indicators of compromise beyond just domains, file names, IP addresses, etc., focusing instead on behavioral attributes, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",{"data":69743,"content":69744,"nodeType":860},{},[69745,69749,69757],{"data":69746,"marks":69747,"value":69748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This approach of focusing on the top of the ",{"data":69750,"content":69752,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69751},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/our-design-philosophy-detecting-what-matters/#id-building-effective-identity-threat-detection-controls_id-scenario-detecting-a-web-based-phishing-attack",[69753],{"data":69754,"marks":69755,"value":6354,"nodeType":864},{},[69756],{"type":1455},{"data":69758,"marks":69759,"value":69760,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — e.g. building detections for attributes of an attack that are the hardest for attackers to change, and therefore the most reliably accurate — is core to Push’s design philosophy. ",{"data":69762,"content":69763,"nodeType":860},{},[69764,69768,69777],{"data":69765,"marks":69766,"value":69767,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, toward the second half of the year, we released ",{"data":69769,"content":69770,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44221},[69771],{"data":69772,"marks":69773,"value":69776,"nodeType":864},{},[69774,69775],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"cloned login page detection",{"data":69778,"marks":69779,"value":69780,"nodeType":864},{},[],", a natural extension of our layered approach to preventing phishing attacks in the browser. With this security control, you can identify malicious webpages that are masquerading as legitimate IdP login portals. ",{"data":69782,"content":69786,"nodeType":996},{"target":69783},{"sys":69784},{"id":69785,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4y25OxesssUk9lzEx12HFa",[],{"data":69788,"content":69789,"nodeType":860},{},[69790],{"data":69791,"marks":69792,"value":69793,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When a cloned login page is detected, you can add the URL to your blocklist in Push and prevent any other employees from being targeted. ",{"data":69795,"content":69796,"nodeType":860},{},[69797,69801,69809],{"data":69798,"marks":69799,"value":69800,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By layering multiple anti-phishing controls that all prevent account takeover, defenders have the best chance at thwarting the ",{"data":69802,"content":69803,"nodeType":883},{"uri":46342},[69804],{"data":69805,"marks":69806,"value":69808,"nodeType":864},{},[69807],{"type":1455},"short, fast attack chains",{"data":69810,"marks":69811,"value":69812,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that are emblematic of today’s identity attacks.",{"data":69814,"content":69815,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":69817,"content":69818,"nodeType":1009},{},[69819],{"data":69820,"marks":69821,"value":69822,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Defending against stolen sessions and stolen credentials",{"data":69824,"content":69825,"nodeType":860},{},[69826,69830,69837],{"data":69827,"marks":69828,"value":69829,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With as little as $10 to buy a stolen password and a little skill, attackers capitalized on the use of stolen credentials last year. Stolen creds were the No. 1 attacker action in 2023 and 2024, according to ",{"data":69831,"content":69832,"nodeType":883},{"uri":4408},[69833],{"data":69834,"marks":69835,"value":32115,"nodeType":864},{},[69836],{"type":1455},{"data":69838,"marks":69839,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":69841,"content":69842,"nodeType":860},{},[69843,69847,69855],{"data":69844,"marks":69845,"value":69846,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Nowhere was this more plain than in the ",{"data":69848,"content":69849,"nodeType":883},{"uri":3751},[69850],{"data":69851,"marks":69852,"value":69854,"nodeType":864},{},[69853],{"type":1455},"attacks on Snowflake customers",{"data":69856,"marks":69857,"value":69858,"nodeType":864},{},[],", one of the biggest breaches of last year. In this incident, cyber criminals targeted around 165 customers of the cloud-based data warehouse tool Snowflake by taking over accounts using credentials harvested from infostealer infections dating as far back as 2020.",{"data":69860,"content":69861,"nodeType":860},{},[69862],{"data":69863,"marks":69864,"value":69865,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Snowflake incident underscored the challenges of control and visibility that security teams face when attempting to secure identities on a patchwork of managed and unmanaged apps:",{"data":69867,"content":69868,"nodeType":941},{},[69869,69879,69889,69899,69909],{"data":69870,"content":69871,"nodeType":945},{},[69872],{"data":69873,"content":69874,"nodeType":860},{},[69875],{"data":69876,"marks":69877,"value":69878,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do I know all the workforce accounts my employees use?",{"data":69880,"content":69881,"nodeType":945},{},[69882],{"data":69883,"content":69884,"nodeType":860},{},[69885],{"data":69886,"marks":69887,"value":69888,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do those accounts have a strong security posture?",{"data":69890,"content":69891,"nodeType":945},{},[69892],{"data":69893,"content":69894,"nodeType":860},{},[69895],{"data":69896,"marks":69897,"value":69898,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do those accounts use MFA? The most phishing-resistant methods?",{"data":69900,"content":69901,"nodeType":945},{},[69902],{"data":69903,"content":69904,"nodeType":860},{},[69905],{"data":69906,"marks":69907,"value":69908,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do I have tools to detect, respond, and remediate after an account takeover or breach of a critical software vendor?",{"data":69910,"content":69911,"nodeType":945},{},[69912],{"data":69913,"content":69914,"nodeType":860},{},[69915],{"data":69916,"marks":69917,"value":69918,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do I know when a session has been stolen, pointing to a device compromised by infostealer malware?",{"data":69920,"content":69921,"nodeType":860},{},[69922],{"data":69923,"marks":69924,"value":69925,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s what we delivered last year to make it easier for security teams to protect their organizations from the threat of stolen sessions and stolen creds.",{"data":69927,"content":69928,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":69930,"content":69931,"nodeType":1009},{},[69932],{"data":69933,"marks":69934,"value":69935,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting stolen sessions",{"data":69937,"content":69938,"nodeType":1312},{},[69939],{"data":69940,"marks":69941,"value":69446,"nodeType":864},{},[69942],{"type":899},{"data":69944,"content":69945,"nodeType":860},{},[69946,69949,69958],{"data":69947,"marks":69948,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":69950,"content":69952,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69951},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/",[69953],{"data":69954,"marks":69955,"value":69957,"nodeType":864},{},[69956],{"type":1455},"Infostealer malware",{"data":69959,"marks":69960,"value":69961,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — a type of malware designed to collect user credentials, including session cookies, from end-user devices — had a very successful 2024, accounting for nearly 10 percent of activity that Red Canary was able to associate with named threats, and the majority of all detected malware that Sophos threat researchers documented last year.",{"data":69963,"content":69964,"nodeType":860},{},[69965,69969,69978],{"data":69966,"marks":69967,"value":69968,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the use of stolen credentials is rampant, often facilitated by successful infostealer campaigns, a related attack type also ",{"data":69970,"content":69972,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69971},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/#id-the-state-of-infostealers-today",[69973],{"data":69974,"marks":69975,"value":69977,"nodeType":864},{},[69976],{"type":1455},"jumped in prevalence",{"data":69979,"marks":69980,"value":69981,"nodeType":864},{},[]," last year: session token theft attacks.",{"data":69983,"content":69984,"nodeType":860},{},[69985],{"data":69986,"marks":69987,"value":69988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using stolen tokens, adversaries don’t need to bypass MFA directly. They can simply import the tokens into their browser and assume an already authorized session. ",{"data":69990,"content":69991,"nodeType":1312},{},[69992],{"data":69993,"marks":69994,"value":20546,"nodeType":864},{},[69995],{"type":899},{"data":69997,"content":69998,"nodeType":860},{},[69999],{"data":70000,"marks":70001,"value":70002,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In order to detect a stolen session in use, you need telemetry that allows you to tie activity to a trusted endpoint. This didn’t previously exist, and you have to be in the browser to do it. So that’s what we built. ",{"data":70004,"content":70005,"nodeType":860},{},[70006,70009,70019],{"data":70007,"marks":70008,"value":1238,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":70010,"content":70012,"nodeType":883},{"uri":70011},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-session-token-theft-detection-why-browser-is-best/",[70013],{"data":70014,"marks":70015,"value":70018,"nodeType":864},{},[70016,70017],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"session theft detection",{"data":70020,"marks":70021,"value":70022,"nodeType":864},{},[]," capability uses the power of the Push browser extension to inject a unique marker into the user-agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. ",{"data":70024,"content":70025,"nodeType":860},{},[70026],{"data":70027,"marks":70028,"value":70029,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By analyzing logs from your IdP in your SIEM, you can then identify activity from the same session that both has and that lacks the Push marker, indicating that a session has been extracted from the browser and maliciously imported into a different browser that is not enrolled in Push.",{"data":70031,"content":70032,"nodeType":860},{},[70033],{"data":70034,"marks":70035,"value":70036,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a reliable signal that a stolen session token is being used and an endpoint has been compromised.",{"data":70038,"content":70042,"nodeType":996},{"target":70039},{"sys":70040},{"id":70041,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1XNNkaoW64t3PPvC54KGXF",[],{"data":70044,"content":70048,"nodeType":996},{"target":70045},{"sys":70046},{"id":70047,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6dOEnPzZXd9DqeSdalqlzO",[],{"data":70050,"content":70051,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":70053,"content":70054,"nodeType":1009},{},[70055],{"data":70056,"marks":70057,"value":70058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting compromised credentials",{"data":70060,"content":70061,"nodeType":1312},{},[70062],{"data":70063,"marks":70064,"value":69446,"nodeType":864},{},[70065],{"type":899},{"data":70067,"content":70068,"nodeType":860},{},[70069],{"data":70070,"marks":70071,"value":70072,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside stolen session cookies, stolen credentials made a lot of headlines last year. The 2024 Verizon DBIR found that 79% of web application compromises were the result of breached creds, and researchers at IBM found a 71% year-over-year increase in cyberattacks using stolen or compromised credentials.",{"data":70074,"content":70075,"nodeType":860},{},[70076,70080,70088],{"data":70077,"marks":70078,"value":70079,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In Push’s own research, we counted ",{"data":70081,"content":70082,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40385},[70083],{"data":70084,"marks":70085,"value":70087,"nodeType":864},{},[70086],{"type":1455},"30 public identity-related breaches",{"data":70089,"marks":70090,"value":70091,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in 2024 where the breach and the breach vector were disclosed. Of those, nearly three-quarters were the result of compromised credentials, including notable breaches such as Microsoft, Change Healthcare, and the attacks on Snowflake customers.",{"data":70093,"content":70094,"nodeType":1116},{},[70095],{"data":70096,"content":70097,"nodeType":860},{},[70098],{"data":70099,"marks":70100,"value":70101,"nodeType":864},{},[],"73% of public identity-related breaches in 2024 were the result of compromised credentials (the rest were phishing attacks). ",{"data":70103,"content":70104,"nodeType":860},{},[70105,70109,70117],{"data":70106,"marks":70107,"value":70108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The influx of compromised credentials has been amplified by the ",{"data":70110,"content":70111,"nodeType":883},{"uri":69951},[70112],{"data":70113,"marks":70114,"value":70116,"nodeType":864},{},[70115],{"type":1455},"rise of infostealers",{"data":70118,"marks":70119,"value":70120,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which contribute the vast majority of valid stolen credentials, alongside mass credential phishing campaigns and third-party data breach dumps. ",{"data":70122,"content":70123,"nodeType":860},{},[70124],{"data":70125,"marks":70126,"value":70127,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And while there’s no shortage of threat intelligence about stolen credentials for sale on the web, security teams struggle to separate the needle from the haystack because a large portion of TI on stolen creds is out of date.",{"data":70129,"content":70130,"nodeType":860},{},[70131],{"data":70132,"marks":70133,"value":70134,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In evaluating TI data here at Push, we reviewed 5,763 username and password combos that matched domains in use by Push customers. We found that less than 1% of the creds in a multi-vendor dataset were true positives. In other words, 99.5% of the stolen creds we checked were false positives at the time of review — illustrating the challenge security teams face when trying to extract actionable intelligence from this kind of data. ",{"data":70136,"content":70137,"nodeType":1116},{},[70138],{"data":70139,"content":70140,"nodeType":860},{},[70141],{"data":70142,"marks":70143,"value":70144,"nodeType":864},{},[],"99.5% of the findings in compromised credential feeds were found to be false positives.",{"data":70146,"content":70147,"nodeType":1312},{},[70148],{"data":70149,"marks":70150,"value":20546,"nodeType":864},{},[70151],{"type":899},{"data":70153,"content":70154,"nodeType":860},{},[70155],{"data":70156,"marks":70157,"value":70158,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using its browser agent, Push assesses the strength of end-user passwords by creating and analyzing a truncated, salted SHA256 hash of the password for a given account. (These k-anonymized fingerprints are never seen by Push’s back-end and exist only in local browser extension storage.) ",{"data":70160,"content":70161,"nodeType":860},{},[70162,70166,70175],{"data":70163,"marks":70164,"value":70165,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These fingerprints give Push a directly observable source of truth for corporate creds, which allowed us to build a ",{"data":70167,"content":70168,"nodeType":883},{"uri":67065},[70169],{"data":70170,"marks":70171,"value":70174,"nodeType":864},{},[70172,70173],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"verified stolen credential detection",{"data":70176,"marks":70177,"value":70178,"nodeType":864},{},[]," capability last year that removes all false positives from TI sources to pinpoint only those stolen creds still actively in use by employees.",{"data":70180,"content":70184,"nodeType":996},{"target":70181},{"sys":70182},{"id":70183,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3BITHZvDadjHpOAqIn0g4w",[],{"data":70186,"content":70187,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":70189,"content":70190,"nodeType":1009},{},[70191],{"data":70192,"marks":70193,"value":70194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reducing and securing shadow IT and account sprawl",{"data":70196,"content":70197,"nodeType":860},{},[70198],{"data":70199,"marks":70200,"value":70201,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can think of this last part of the story as the ground from which the attack trends we’ve been talking about emerged: The shift to doing business almost entirely in the browser, and the resulting sprawl in accounts and unmanaged apps, leading to an explosion of internet-facing identities for threat actors to target.",{"data":70203,"content":70204,"nodeType":860},{},[70205],{"data":70206,"marks":70207,"value":70208,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even in organizations with mature security practices, the challenge of getting 100% compliance with identity posture best practices is evident. Last year, Push researchers analyzed a data set of 300,000 accounts from our customer base and found that:",{"data":70210,"content":70211,"nodeType":941},{},[70212,70231,70250],{"data":70213,"content":70214,"nodeType":945},{},[70215],{"data":70216,"content":70217,"nodeType":860},{},[70218,70222,70227],{"data":70219,"marks":70220,"value":70221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations have ",{"data":70223,"marks":70224,"value":70226,"nodeType":864},{},[70225],{"type":899},"more apps and identities than they thought",{"data":70228,"marks":70229,"value":70230,"nodeType":864},{},[]," — an average of ~15 identities per employee and ~220 apps per organization.",{"data":70232,"content":70233,"nodeType":945},{},[70234],{"data":70235,"content":70236,"nodeType":860},{},[70237,70241,70246],{"data":70238,"marks":70239,"value":70240,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many accounts ",{"data":70242,"marks":70243,"value":70245,"nodeType":864},{},[70244],{"type":899},"lack basic security protections",{"data":70247,"marks":70248,"value":70249,"nodeType":864},{},[],", with 37% of accounts lacking any form of MFA and ~9% of accounts using a password that is leaked, weak, or reused, making them especially susceptible to account takeover. On accounts where password is the only login method in use (e.g. not using SSO or any other federated login like OIDC), there was no MFA in use in 4 out of 5 cases.",{"data":70251,"content":70252,"nodeType":945},{},[70253],{"data":70254,"content":70255,"nodeType":860},{},[70256,70260,70265,70269,70277],{"data":70257,"marks":70258,"value":70259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Security ",{"data":70261,"marks":70262,"value":70264,"nodeType":864},{},[70263],{"type":899},"gaps persist even with SSO",{"data":70266,"marks":70267,"value":70268,"nodeType":864},{},[]," accounts — with 10% of SSO-using accounts also having a local password, a risk for ",{"data":70270,"content":70272,"nodeType":883},{"uri":70271},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/ghost-logins-when-forgotten-identities-come-back-to-haunt-you/",[70273],{"data":70274,"marks":70275,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[70276],{"type":1455},{"data":70278,"marks":70279,"value":70280,"nodeType":864},{},[],"; and 1 in 5 IdP accounts themselves missing MFA.",{"data":70282,"content":70283,"nodeType":860},{},[70284],{"data":70285,"marks":70286,"value":70287,"nodeType":864},{},[],"From our perspective, organizations need scalable controls, and they need easy-to-deploy tools that get them visibility of all their workforce identities, apps, and accounts alongside telemetry that makes the information actionable.",{"data":70289,"content":70290,"nodeType":860},{},[70291],{"data":70292,"marks":70293,"value":70294,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push already provides a real-time inventory of all your accounts and apps, including internal corporate apps, and analyzes the security posture, login methods, and MFA status of those accounts to offer a comprehensive picture of your identity attack surface. ",{"data":70296,"content":70297,"nodeType":860},{},[70298],{"data":70299,"marks":70300,"value":70301,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To help customers enforce their security policies even more seamlessly, here’s what we built last year:",{"data":70303,"content":70304,"nodeType":1312},{},[70305],{"data":70306,"marks":70307,"value":70309,"nodeType":864},{},[70308],{"type":899},"1. 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Common use cases include: Restricting use of GenAI software; carving out an exception for admins on a specific app; reminding users to log in with SSO instead of a password, and others. ",{"data":70339,"content":70343,"nodeType":996},{"target":70340},{"sys":70341},{"id":70342,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4RPHmeMLyZmb5V8rXYLtey",[],{"data":70345,"content":70346,"nodeType":1312},{},[70347,70352],{"data":70348,"marks":70349,"value":70351,"nodeType":864},{},[70350],{"type":899},"2. 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This feature helps them achieve both objectives.",{"data":70384,"content":70385,"nodeType":1312},{},[70386],{"data":70387,"marks":70388,"value":70390,"nodeType":864},{},[70389],{"type":899},"3. 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If you’d like to learn more, ",{"data":70448,"content":70449,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[70450],{"data":70451,"marks":70452,"value":70453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"set up a demo with our team",{"data":70455,"marks":70456,"value":70457,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or sign up yourself to have a look at the platform.","How real-world attacks and research drove Push’s most popular features of 2024","How in-the-wild attacks and our own R&D inspired what we built in 2024 to stop account takeover and reduce security risks across your workforce identities. 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AitM phishing kits evade detection: Part 2",{"items":70811},[70812],{"fullName":24112,"firstName":24113,"jobTitle":24114,"socialLinks":70813,"profilePicture":70814},[30165],{"url":24116},{"json":70816,"links":71494},{"data":70817,"content":70818,"nodeType":856},{},[70819,70826,70845,70878,70885,70891,70898,70905,70938,70945,70952,70959,70966,70972,70979,70986,70993,71000,71007,71014,71021,71028,71035,71042,71049,71056,71062,71068,71075,71082,71089,71096,71102,71109,71116,71134,71141,71161,71167,71174,71181,71188,71195,71201,71208,71215,71222,71229,71236,71242,71248,71255,71262,71269,71276,71283,71290,71296,71303,71310,71317,71324,71331,71337,71343,71350,71357,71364,71370,71377,71384,71391,71397,71404,71410,71417,71423,71440,71458,71465,71482,71488],{"data":70820,"content":70821,"nodeType":1009},{},[70822],{"data":70823,"marks":70824,"value":70825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Picking up where we left off...",{"data":70827,"content":70828,"nodeType":860},{},[70829,70833,70841],{"data":70830,"marks":70831,"value":70832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In our previous ",{"data":70834,"content":70835,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[70836],{"data":70837,"marks":70838,"value":70840,"nodeType":864},{},[70839],{"type":1455},"blog post",{"data":70842,"marks":70843,"value":70844,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we looked at a range of techniques implemented by a then-recent instance of the NakedPages AiTM phishing kit for evading detection. The techniques covered previously were mostly intended to make two detection strategies for defenders much more difficult:",{"data":70846,"content":70847,"nodeType":941},{},[70848,70863],{"data":70849,"content":70850,"nodeType":945},{},[70851],{"data":70852,"content":70853,"nodeType":860},{},[70854,70859],{"data":70855,"marks":70856,"value":70858,"nodeType":864},{},[70857],{"type":899},"Writing toolkit signatures",{"data":70860,"marks":70861,"value":70862,"nodeType":864},{},[],": Through heavy use of randomization, constantly changing hosting domains/IPs, legitimate hosting options etc., it becomes very difficult for defenders to maintain effective signatures to detect either generic phishing kit code or where they are hosted.",{"data":70864,"content":70865,"nodeType":945},{},[70866],{"data":70867,"content":70868,"nodeType":860},{},[70869,70874],{"data":70870,"marks":70871,"value":70873,"nodeType":864},{},[70872],{"type":899},"Automating dynamic analysis",{"data":70875,"marks":70876,"value":70877,"nodeType":864},{},[],": Similarly to sandbox evasion for malware, phishing kits are designed to evade automated discovery and analysis, e.g. by using Cloudflare Turnstile bot detection, and requiring legitimate browser interaction and JavaScript execution in order for execution flow to reach the malicious phishing functionality.",{"data":70879,"content":70880,"nodeType":860},{},[70881],{"data":70882,"marks":70883,"value":70884,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this blog post, we're diving deeper into a specific category of signature-based detection and how attackers are getting around them: Login page signatures. ",{"data":70886,"content":70890,"nodeType":996},{"target":70887},{"sys":70888},{"id":70889,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1aaDMth4Cxv6CMT0PJW5py",[],{"data":70892,"content":70893,"nodeType":1009},{},[70894],{"data":70895,"marks":70896,"value":70897,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Login page signatures 101",{"data":70899,"content":70900,"nodeType":860},{},[70901],{"data":70902,"marks":70903,"value":70904,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The overwhelming majority of common AiTM phishing kits in the wild now are targeting the most dominant identity providers (IdPs), such as Microsoft Entra or Google Workspace. They typically emulate the login pages of these platforms to ensure the victim uses the correct password and MFA factor and completes the login process, so the attacker can steal the valid session.",{"data":70906,"content":70907,"nodeType":860},{},[70908,70912,70917,70920,70925,70929,70934],{"data":70909,"marks":70910,"value":70911,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a result, security product vendors are naturally looking to move away from unreliable detections based on signaturing ever-changing phishing kits, toward detecting login pages that ",{"data":70913,"marks":70914,"value":70916,"nodeType":864},{},[70915],{"type":899},"look like",{"data":70918,"marks":70919,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":70921,"marks":70922,"value":70924,"nodeType":864},{},[70923],{"type":899},"Microsoft Entra, Google Workspace",{"data":70926,"marks":70927,"value":70928,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (or any other common IdP) ",{"data":70930,"marks":70931,"value":70933,"nodeType":864},{},[70932],{"type":899},"but are not hosted on the official domains",{"data":70935,"marks":70936,"value":70937,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The benefit here is that you’re focusing on a fixed, known target, rather than a constantly moving one (e.g. phishing kit codebases).",{"data":70939,"content":70940,"nodeType":860},{},[70941],{"data":70942,"marks":70943,"value":70944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, attackers have managed to stay one step ahead and are already using a wide range of techniques to break these detections and counter the countermeasures.",{"data":70946,"content":70947,"nodeType":1009},{},[70948],{"data":70949,"marks":70950,"value":70951,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Signature evasion strategies",{"data":70953,"content":70954,"nodeType":860},{},[70955],{"data":70956,"marks":70957,"value":70958,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Well, like most good ideas, someone else has already had it — many phishing kits pre-emptively take steps to evade detections based on login page signatures. The specific evasion techniques used are a useful insight into what detection techniques are out there and are needing to be circumvented. ",{"data":70960,"content":70961,"nodeType":860},{},[70962],{"data":70963,"marks":70964,"value":70965,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we delve into the specific examples, let’s first consider the general strategies for this: document object model (DOM) obfuscation, and visual obfuscation. ",{"data":70967,"content":70968,"nodeType":1312},{},[70969],{"data":70970,"marks":70971,"value":35472,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":70973,"content":70974,"nodeType":860},{},[70975],{"data":70976,"marks":70977,"value":70978,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the more traditional evasion approach. The goal for an attacker is to have a login page that is visually identical to the real page when viewed with the human eye. ",{"data":70980,"content":70981,"nodeType":860},{},[70982],{"data":70983,"marks":70984,"value":70985,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But that doesn’t mean the underlying DOM (or loaded HTML, CSS, and JS code) needs to be the same, or even similar, to the real login page. It’s possible to  construct a completely different DOM that ensures the same visual output with a very different underlying code. ",{"data":70987,"content":70988,"nodeType":860},{},[70989],{"data":70990,"marks":70991,"value":70992,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s also possible to use dynamic modification techniques to ensure the DOM changes during execution to frustrate fixed point-in-time analysis controls, like those that may be used by web proxies.  ",{"data":70994,"content":70995,"nodeType":1312},{},[70996],{"data":70997,"marks":70998,"value":70999,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Visual obfuscation",{"data":71001,"content":71002,"nodeType":860},{},[71003],{"data":71004,"marks":71005,"value":71006,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With the ever-increasing capabilities of machine learning (ML) and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, we don’t just have to look at the underlying code and text signatures anymore. There are a range of computer vision based techniques that can be used to simulate a more human approach to assessing if a login page matches another example. ",{"data":71008,"content":71009,"nodeType":860},{},[71010],{"data":71011,"marks":71012,"value":71013,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Therefore, another approach to defeat login page signatures would be to perform visual obfuscation techniques that can frustrate computer vision-based detections, while still fooling a human user.",{"data":71015,"content":71016,"nodeType":1009},{},[71017],{"data":71018,"marks":71019,"value":71020,"nodeType":864},{},[],"DOM obfuscation techniques",{"data":71022,"content":71023,"nodeType":860},{},[71024],{"data":71025,"marks":71026,"value":71027,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For consistency, we’re going to focus on Microsoft login phishing kits as they are the most common (by far), but we’ll pick from some different samples we’ve observed. Let’s start with a few examples of DOM obfuscation we have seen in the wild:",{"data":71029,"content":71030,"nodeType":1312},{},[71031],{"data":71032,"marks":71033,"value":71034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#1 – DOM structure change",{"data":71036,"content":71037,"nodeType":860},{},[71038],{"data":71039,"marks":71040,"value":71041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If an attacker were to simply clone Microsoft’s login page, then we’d expect to see a very similar (if not identical) DOM structure, right? After all, the simplest way to emulate a web page visually is either to copy the HTML directly or transparently proxy requests to the real target with minimal changes, as tools like Evilginx do. This would make detection far simpler as we’d have a known code structure to look for. ",{"data":71043,"content":71044,"nodeType":860},{},[71045],{"data":71046,"marks":71047,"value":71048,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unfortunately, it’s pretty common for attackers to deliberately use a completely different DOM structure for something that’s almost identical to the eye. It takes a lot more effort to implement this and so the reason for it is almost certainly to avoid this detection technique.  ",{"data":71050,"content":71051,"nodeType":860},{},[71052],{"data":71053,"marks":71054,"value":71055,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Check out the examples below to see a high-level interpretation of the DOM structure for a legitimate Microsoft login page and one phishing example. You can see how they are visually very similar, but radically different from one another when looking at DOM code:",{"data":71057,"content":71061,"nodeType":996},{"target":71058},{"sys":71059},{"id":71060,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4amv144ZzTBmd9ssh66kkr",[],{"data":71063,"content":71067,"nodeType":996},{"target":71064},{"sys":71065},{"id":71066,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2gC49b2f2Th4wAEWLPvAnL",[],{"data":71069,"content":71070,"nodeType":1312},{},[71071],{"data":71072,"marks":71073,"value":71074,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#2 – Randomizing page titles",{"data":71076,"content":71077,"nodeType":860},{},[71078],{"data":71079,"marks":71080,"value":71081,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The HTML page title is one very specific place to check for similarity. For Microsoft, it can change slightly depending on the service, but if we use Outlook as an example then the page title is “Sign in to Outlook”. This also has a favicon of the Microsoft logo (another issue we’ll visit later in the article). \n\nIt’s unsurprising that attackers are randomizing the page title to evade basic detections – how many users would really notice any difference?",{"data":71083,"content":71084,"nodeType":860},{},[71085],{"data":71086,"marks":71087,"value":71088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Some kits, such as the NakedPages case study we looked at in the previous article, use purely randomized alphanumeric text. Others use english words that may seem innocuous if a user does inspect them, but are in fact randomized between iterations to ensure any one set that is flagged will not completely block the phishing kit from operating. ",{"data":71090,"content":71091,"nodeType":860},{},[71092],{"data":71093,"marks":71094,"value":71095,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, see three refreshed examples of the same phishing kit below when compared with the legitimate Outlook login page title next to it.",{"data":71097,"content":71101,"nodeType":996},{"target":71098},{"sys":71099},{"id":71100,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2KuHCssISCeGYeZNC005pV",[],{"data":71103,"content":71104,"nodeType":1312},{},[71105],{"data":71106,"marks":71107,"value":71108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#3 – Desktop control techniques (e.g. NoVNC)",{"data":71110,"content":71111,"nodeType":860},{},[71112],{"data":71113,"marks":71114,"value":71115,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The most common AiTM phishing technique is some form of a web proxy method, where the victim interacts with a legitimate website that is proxying certain requests to the real backend. However, this is not the only method. Some tools utilize a Browser-in-the-Middle (BiTM) technique that involves using desktop sharing technologies to remotely control an attacker’s browser instead. ",{"data":71117,"content":71118,"nodeType":860},{},[71119,71123,71131],{"data":71120,"marks":71121,"value":71122,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to know more about this, check out our ",{"data":71124,"content":71125,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29132},[71126],{"data":71127,"marks":71128,"value":71130,"nodeType":864},{},[71129],{"type":1455},"previous article on AiTM phishing",{"data":71132,"marks":71133,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":71135,"content":71136,"nodeType":860},{},[71137],{"data":71138,"marks":71139,"value":71140,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The upside of this for an attacker is that the website is actually completely different from the target website under the hood. If anything, it just looks like any other website making use of similar technologies like NoVNC.",{"data":71142,"content":71143,"nodeType":860},{},[71144,71148,71157],{"data":71145,"marks":71146,"value":71147,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, see the following screenshot example of using the open-source BiTM tool, ",{"data":71149,"content":71151,"nodeType":883},{"uri":71150},"https://github.com/JoelGMSec/EvilnoVNC",[71152],{"data":71153,"marks":71154,"value":71156,"nodeType":864},{},[71155],{"type":1455},"EvilNoVNC",{"data":71158,"marks":71159,"value":71160,"nodeType":864},{},[],". You can see how the underlying HTML and DOM are completely different due to the use of this technique, with effectively the entire page just being an HTML canvas element that is rendered like a video.",{"data":71162,"content":71166,"nodeType":996},{"target":71163},{"sys":71164},{"id":71165,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"60Jt2P0ip14ycdtS9qLPhc",[],{"data":71168,"content":71169,"nodeType":1312},{},[71170],{"data":71171,"marks":71172,"value":71173,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#4 – Dynamic text decoding",{"data":71175,"content":71176,"nodeType":860},{},[71177],{"data":71178,"marks":71179,"value":71180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Sometimes there may be very specific strings that detection tools might try to signature on. Let’s use the example of text that appears visually on the login page. While most login text can be pretty generic, e.g. “Sign in”, that’s not always the case. To appear authentic, it’s better for an attacker to keep it the same, but that leaves it vulnerable to signature detection. ",{"data":71182,"content":71183,"nodeType":860},{},[71184],{"data":71185,"marks":71186,"value":71187,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, the placeholder text on Microsoft’s login page is “Email, phone, or Skype”. Particularly given Microsoft’s historical acquisition of Skype, this is actually a pretty specific piece of text that you won’t usually find in the username field of a login page very often. ",{"data":71189,"content":71190,"nodeType":860},{},[71191],{"data":71192,"marks":71193,"value":71194,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So how do you keep this text but make it harder to signature on? Well you fall back to classic decoding techniques to avoid static signatures. In this case, that is decoded from base64 using JavaScript’s atob() function in order to load that text dynamically during execution rather than have it statically within the HTML. This makes it harder to create a signature using common point-in-time static analysis techniques.",{"data":71196,"content":71200,"nodeType":996},{"target":71197},{"sys":71198},{"id":71199,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1PymaE09il5CubFvwSfLqW",[],{"data":71202,"content":71203,"nodeType":1312},{},[71204],{"data":71205,"marks":71206,"value":71207,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#5 – Image element obfuscation",{"data":71209,"content":71210,"nodeType":860},{},[71211],{"data":71212,"marks":71213,"value":71214,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re starting to shift towards more visual-based obfuscation elements now, but first let’s cover  an interesting example that straddles the two.",{"data":71216,"content":71217,"nodeType":860},{},[71218],{"data":71219,"marks":71220,"value":71221,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many login pages will have very clear examples of vendor logos present in specific locations and elements as part of a login page. This is a huge part of an authentic visual experience and so attackers would like to keep them there. However, as defenders we could specifically look for these elements, both for pure structural matching techniques or as a pre-processing step for visual matching techniques later (e.g. visually matching a logo, rather than the entire page). ",{"data":71223,"content":71224,"nodeType":860},{},[71225],{"data":71226,"marks":71227,"value":71228,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For this reason, attackers might want to obfuscate this aspect in order to make it difficult to match or locate the images used within the login page, while still ensuring they appear visually identical to a user.",{"data":71230,"content":71231,"nodeType":860},{},[71232],{"data":71233,"marks":71234,"value":71235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Below, we can see a comparison of a legitimate Microsoft login page and a phishing kit. You can see how in the original a standard HTML \u003Cimg> element of a specific size and name are used. In comparison, our phishing kit has replaced this with a \u003Cdiv> element of a different size and made use of background image styling to ensure the \u003Cdiv> ends up with the same visual appearance despite the structural differences.",{"data":71237,"content":71241,"nodeType":996},{"target":71238},{"sys":71239},{"id":71240,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4MvwXZDjMA56ZYSdjKpu9R",[],{"data":71243,"content":71247,"nodeType":996},{"target":71244},{"sys":71245},{"id":71246,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6tNMjTvHuAWkuK0x7ZEgKr",[],{"data":71249,"content":71250,"nodeType":1009},{},[71251],{"data":71252,"marks":71253,"value":71254,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Visual obfuscation techniques",{"data":71256,"content":71257,"nodeType":860},{},[71258],{"data":71259,"marks":71260,"value":71261,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As if that wasn’t enough, let’s move on to some visual obfuscation techniques that attackers are also using.",{"data":71263,"content":71264,"nodeType":1312},{},[71265],{"data":71266,"marks":71267,"value":71268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#6 – Favicon changes",{"data":71270,"content":71271,"nodeType":860},{},[71272],{"data":71273,"marks":71274,"value":71275,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We effectively saw this earlier when speaking about HTML page title randomization. The favicon is also an easy place to look for the obvious use of vendor logos. How many legitimate websites are going to have the Microsoft logo as their favicon? If they do, they may quickly end up with a cease and desist letter!",{"data":71277,"content":71278,"nodeType":860},{},[71279],{"data":71280,"marks":71281,"value":71282,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Favicons also render at a fixed size, so if an attacker wants to ensure that the Microsoft logo appears as the favicon for their page, it gives defenders a fixed target to perform image recognition against for cloned logos. ",{"data":71284,"content":71285,"nodeType":860},{},[71286],{"data":71287,"marks":71288,"value":71289,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this phishing kit example, it looks like the authors have decided they are better off just leaving the favicon empty to avoid being vulnerable to this detection technique.",{"data":71291,"content":71295,"nodeType":996},{"target":71292},{"sys":71293},{"id":71294,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7FknWWF9ri9eZvu8Prhkd5",[],{"data":71297,"content":71298,"nodeType":1312},{},[71299],{"data":71300,"marks":71301,"value":71302,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#7 – Blurred background images",{"data":71304,"content":71305,"nodeType":860},{},[71306],{"data":71307,"marks":71308,"value":71309,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ok, this is a pretty clever one. Let’s say as a defender we wanted to perform sophisticated image recognition techniques to detect websites that look visually very similar to Microsoft’s login page overall. There may be many challenges around rendering resolution etc to deal with but conceptually we could look to match on the whole page. ",{"data":71311,"content":71312,"nodeType":860},{},[71313],{"data":71314,"marks":71315,"value":71316,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, if an attacker makes a substantial visual change to the page that still appears authentic then this would prevent the technique from operating effectively. One common graphic design method used when a modal pops up is to blur the background. Some phishing kits use similar techniques on their login pages with a variety of different background images that are derived from legitimate Microsoft sources. ",{"data":71318,"content":71319,"nodeType":860},{},[71320],{"data":71321,"marks":71322,"value":71323,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first time you see this, it’s easy to think you’ve seen this a hundred times before. It just seems very familiar and authentic… except it’s not. The real login page has a blank background. Therefore, any algorithms looking for visual similarity of the overall page are not going to match because they are actually radically different. ",{"data":71325,"content":71326,"nodeType":860},{},[71327],{"data":71328,"marks":71329,"value":71330,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a trick on the human brain and the way we interpret images, not a trick on a computer vision algorithm. Take a look at the phishing example and the real Microsoft login page below:",{"data":71332,"content":71336,"nodeType":996},{"target":71333},{"sys":71334},{"id":71335,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6KnrHECqltSOgSCGHIjYEL",[],{"data":71338,"content":71342,"nodeType":996},{"target":71339},{"sys":71340},{"id":71341,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1nb6K1MyBkON2eBHk1365B",[],{"data":71344,"content":71345,"nodeType":1312},{},[71346],{"data":71347,"marks":71348,"value":71349,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#8 – Logo substitution",{"data":71351,"content":71352,"nodeType":860},{},[71353],{"data":71354,"marks":71355,"value":71356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might have noticed one other change with the previous image – the logo that was used. We saw earlier how some phishing kits make it harder to identify individual logos within an image through DOM obfuscation techniques. However, the other approach is to substitute logos for similar ones that give a sense of authenticity to the user but are visually completely different.",{"data":71358,"content":71359,"nodeType":860},{},[71360],{"data":71361,"marks":71362,"value":71363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, the phishing kit has chosen to use the newer purple hexagon Microsoft 365 logo in place of the standard Microsoft logo on the login page. Users will no doubt be familiar with this logo as belonging to Microsoft and so it still gives the sense of authenticity. A computer vision algorithm looking to match the original logo won’t know that though!",{"data":71365,"content":71369,"nodeType":996},{"target":71366},{"sys":71367},{"id":71368,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5o1WRmupkYPr9QmeQUf5uF",[],{"data":71371,"content":71372,"nodeType":1312},{},[71373],{"data":71374,"marks":71375,"value":71376,"nodeType":864},{},[],"#9 - Sub-image obfuscation",{"data":71378,"content":71379,"nodeType":860},{},[71380],{"data":71381,"marks":71382,"value":71383,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ok, so let’s say an attacker wants to use the real logo and they’ve even used the image element obfuscation method we saw earlier to dynamically set the image as a background image for a \u003Cdiv> element. ",{"data":71385,"content":71386,"nodeType":860},{},[71387],{"data":71388,"marks":71389,"value":71390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"However, it’s not impossible for these images to be isolated and analyzed. Perhaps a defender might enumerate all divs, compute the background images and analyze them all. We can see an example of using code to do this to determine the image used by a \u003Cdiv> element in a phishing kit below:",{"data":71392,"content":71396,"nodeType":996},{"target":71393},{"sys":71394},{"id":71395,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"79e7r8I5p0Nh9hpqrRs9eJ",[],{"data":71398,"content":71399,"nodeType":860},{},[71400],{"data":71401,"marks":71402,"value":71403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This gives us the base64 image data that was set as the background image. However, if we look at that image data directly we see it’s an obfuscated form of the image, even though it displays correctly when properly cropped as it’s embedded in the overall page:",{"data":71405,"content":71409,"nodeType":996},{"target":71406},{"sys":71407},{"id":71408,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"jXlXRHrezWsZ27CiQIyBO",[],{"data":71411,"content":71412,"nodeType":860},{},[71413],{"data":71414,"marks":71415,"value":71416,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This makes it harder for a visual algorithm to match the logo as it’s clearly not exactly the same. Instead, careful construction of the div and related DOM has ensured that these obfuscated edge pieces do not show visually to the user.",{"data":71418,"content":71419,"nodeType":1009},{},[71420],{"data":71421,"marks":71422,"value":29517,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":71424,"content":71425,"nodeType":860},{},[71426,71429,71436],{"data":71427,"marks":71428,"value":1499,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":71430,"content":71431,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[71432],{"data":71433,"marks":71434,"value":71435,"nodeType":864},{},[],"our previous article",{"data":71437,"marks":71438,"value":71439,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we looked at a higher level set of techniques used by phishing kits to avoid detection. In this article, we’ve dived deeper into one particular strategy of breaking login page signatures and have shown how, even inside of this one strategy, there are many different sub-techniques being used to evade common detections.",{"data":71441,"content":71442,"nodeType":860},{},[71443,71447,71454],{"data":71444,"marks":71445,"value":71446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Looking at the evasion techniques discussed here and in ",{"data":71448,"content":71449,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[71450],{"data":71451,"marks":71452,"value":71453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Part 1",{"data":71455,"marks":71456,"value":71457,"nodeType":864},{},[],", it’s pretty clear that attackers are consciously looking to bypass automated detection techniques typically implemented through either web traffic analysis (using a web proxy inspection tool or Secure Web Gateway) or website sandboxing (for example link analysis provided by an email security appliance).",{"data":71459,"content":71460,"nodeType":860},{},[71461],{"data":71462,"marks":71463,"value":71464,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On a positive note, this shows us that (at least some) detection tools are trending upwards on the Pyramid of Pain — moving away from nearly pointless signatures like IP addresses and domains towards more in-depth detections of specific tool techniques. Though it’s also fair to say that, in this cat-and-mouse game, it seems the attackers are maintaining the advantage. This may be because these detection technologies are widely available, and attackers can test their kits against these tools and change them just enough to bypass them.",{"data":71466,"content":71467,"nodeType":860},{},[71468,71472,71479],{"data":71469,"marks":71470,"value":71471,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re interested in how Push is able to detect these attacks despite all these ever evolving evasion techniques by using browser telemetry and evaluating user interaction with these kits — ",{"data":71473,"content":71474,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34651},[71475],{"data":71476,"marks":71477,"value":71478,"nodeType":864},{},[],"take a look at how we do phishing 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account.",{"data":73028,"content":73029,"nodeType":945},{},[73030],{"data":73031,"content":73032,"nodeType":860},{},[73033,73038],{"data":73034,"marks":73035,"value":73037,"nodeType":864},{},[73036],{"type":899},"Monitor for suspicious activity or high-risk changes",{"data":73039,"marks":73040,"value":73041,"nodeType":864},{},[],", such as checking for MFA method changes, or flagging when employees reuse corporate SSO passwords or visit sites running phishing malware.",{"data":73043,"content":73044,"nodeType":945},{},[73045],{"data":73046,"content":73047,"nodeType":860},{},[73048,73053],{"data":73049,"marks":73050,"value":73052,"nodeType":864},{},[73051],{"type":899},"Investigate indicators of compromise",{"data":73054,"marks":73055,"value":73056,"nodeType":864},{},[],", such as correlating login events with platform logs, searching for recent signups to risky apps, or identifying post-compromise lateral movement opportunities.",{"data":73058,"content":73059,"nodeType":860},{},[73060],{"data":73061,"marks":73062,"value":73063,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the “make my life easier” category, you can also use Push telemetry to:",{"data":73065,"content":73066,"nodeType":941},{},[73067,73086,73105,73120],{"data":73068,"content":73069,"nodeType":945},{},[73070],{"data":73071,"content":73072,"nodeType":860},{},[73073,73077,73082],{"data":73074,"marks":73075,"value":73076,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automate a workflow ",{"data":73078,"marks":73079,"value":73081,"nodeType":864},{},[73080],{"type":899},"showing you all the accounts and apps used by an offboarded employee",{"data":73083,"marks":73084,"value":73085,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and their account login methods.",{"data":73087,"content":73088,"nodeType":945},{},[73089],{"data":73090,"content":73091,"nodeType":860},{},[73092,73096,73101],{"data":73093,"marks":73094,"value":73095,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automate a workflow to",{"data":73097,"marks":73098,"value":73100,"nodeType":864},{},[73099],{"type":899}," revoke licenses on SaaS after a period of inactivity",{"data":73102,"marks":73103,"value":73104,"nodeType":864},{},[],", saving money.",{"data":73106,"content":73107,"nodeType":945},{},[73108],{"data":73109,"content":73110,"nodeType":860},{},[73111,73116],{"data":73112,"marks":73113,"value":73115,"nodeType":864},{},[73114],{"type":899},"Build an approved apps list in your company wiki",{"data":73117,"marks":73118,"value":73119,"nodeType":864},{},[],", synced from Push’s source of truth.",{"data":73121,"content":73122,"nodeType":945},{},[73123],{"data":73124,"content":73125,"nodeType":860},{},[73126,73131],{"data":73127,"marks":73128,"value":73130,"nodeType":864},{},[73129],{"type":899},"Force-reset an IdP password if Push finds a compromised password",{"data":73132,"marks":73133,"value":73134,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on an employee account.",{"data":73136,"content":73137,"nodeType":860},{},[73138,73142,73146],{"data":73139,"marks":73140,"value":73141,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To help you visualize and plan how you will use this telemetry, Push also provides an ",{"data":73143,"marks":73144,"value":18477,"nodeType":864},{},[73145],{"type":899},{"data":73147,"marks":73148,"value":73149,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page in the admin console with a rolling 7-day snapshot of all the events in your environment.",{"data":73151,"content":73155,"nodeType":996},{"target":73152},{"sys":73153},{"id":73154,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2a3bJ5sN8dJ0c1kQtZiag7",[],{"data":73157,"content":73158,"nodeType":860},{},[73159],{"data":73160,"marks":73161,"value":73162,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Events page can help you see real-world examples, understand the attributes of each event, and gauge event volume before you ingest data into a SIEM or other platform.",{"data":73164,"content":73165,"nodeType":1009},{},[73166],{"data":73167,"marks":73168,"value":73169,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What if you don’t have a SIEM?",{"data":73171,"content":73172,"nodeType":860},{},[73173],{"data":73174,"marks":73175,"value":73176,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While you’d need a SIEM for writing detections and performing log correlations, you can still get a lot of value out of Push telemetry if you don’t have one.",{"data":73178,"content":73179,"nodeType":860},{},[73180],{"data":73181,"marks":73182,"value":73183,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use Push’s webhook events to send alerts directly to your Slack, Teams, or other chat platform, or build workflows that hook into your ticketing system or SOAR platform.",{"data":73185,"content":73186,"nodeType":860},{},[73187,73191,73198],{"data":73188,"marks":73189,"value":73190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Review our ",{"data":73192,"content":73193,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58395},[73194],{"data":73195,"marks":73196,"value":73197,"nodeType":864},{},[],"webhooks documentation",{"data":73199,"marks":73200,"value":73201,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for a list of events.",{"data":73203,"content":73204,"nodeType":1009},{},[73205],{"data":73206,"marks":73207,"value":40946,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":73209,"content":73210,"nodeType":860},{},[73211,73215,73221],{"data":73212,"marks":73213,"value":73214,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to see Push in action, ",{"data":73216,"content":73217,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58853},[73218],{"data":73219,"marks":73220,"value":5865,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":73222,"marks":73223,"value":73224,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you these features, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using — even the ones not behind SSO.","Introducing set-and-forget controls that stop real-world identity attacks","Enable detections and interventions in the browser using Push’s new security controls.","2024-07-02T00:00:00.000Z","introducing-set-and-forget-controls-that-stop-real-world-identity-attacks",{"items":73230},[73231,73233],{"sys":73232,"name":58890},{"id":58889},{"sys":73234,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":73236},[73237],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":73238},{"url":853},"how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2","blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection-p2",{"json":73242},{"data":73243,"content":73244,"nodeType":856},{},[73245,73252],{"data":73246,"content":73247,"nodeType":860},{},[73248],{"data":73249,"marks":73250,"value":73251,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In our previous blog post, we looked at a range of techniques used by phishing kits to evade detection, implemented by a then-recent instance of the NakedPages AiTM phishing kit. Here, we’ll take a closer look at some of the more interesting techniques used by current phishing kits to break common login page detection signatures. ",{"data":73253,"content":73254,"nodeType":860},{},[73255],{"data":73256,"marks":73257,"value":73258,"nodeType":864},{},[],"\n","How attackers are breaking detection signatures designed to identify phishing sites impersonating real login pages.",{"id":73261,"publishedAt":73262},"6XHbplcolYfUeAB6x3olYQ","2026-08-12T11:54:50.564Z",{"items":73264},[73265,73267],{"sys":73266,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":73268,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":73270},[73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287],{"sys":73272,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":73274,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":73276,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":73278,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":73280,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":73282,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":73284,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":73286,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":73288,"name":624,"slug":625,"tier":45},{"id":621},"mBw6KFkL8uQvNM18TXMZw1KGKiR81Kb3ExSsXInYrkM",{"id":73291,"title":73292,"authorsCollection":73293,"content":73298,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":74162,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":74164,"metaTitle":74165,"ogImage":74166,"postType":5977,"publishedDate":74168,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":74169,"slug":77038,"stem":77039,"subtitle":59,"summary":77040,"synopsis":77051,"sys":77052,"tagsCollection":77055,"topicsCollection":77061,"__hash__":77091},"blog/blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-threat-detection.json","Shifting detection left for more effective threat detection",{"items":73294},[73295],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"socialLinks":73296,"profilePicture":73297},[11311],{"url":2740},{"json":73299,"links":74114},{"data":73300,"content":73301,"nodeType":856},{},[73302,73309,73316,73323,73329,73337,73344,73350,73357,73363,73370,73378,73385,73390,73397,73428,73435,73442,73475,73483,73490,73498,73506,73513,73520,73539,73546,73553,73560,73568,73575,73582,73615,73622,73675,73682,73689,73697,73704,73711,73718,73726,73733,73756,73763,73811,73818,73824,73831,73874,73881,73889,73896,73903,73934,73942,73949,73955,73962,73968,73975,73981,73988,74068,74075,74082,74089,74107],{"data":73303,"content":73304,"nodeType":860},{},[73305],{"data":73306,"marks":73307,"value":73308,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As an industry, we’ve been conditioned to think about threat detection and response as something that happens post-compromise. Best practice has formed around resources like the Cyber Kill Chain and the MITRE ATT&CK Framework which focus on detecting indicators of an attacker presence on your network, and their behaviors and actions as they move through it.",{"data":73310,"content":73311,"nodeType":860},{},[73312],{"data":73313,"marks":73314,"value":73315,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But with the shift to identity attacks, where attackers look to take over accounts on internet-facing apps and services, relying on an assumed compromise approach to detection is becoming less reliable. The most significant breaches of the last 12-18 months have been the result of browser-based attacks where an attacker has taken over an account, exfiltrated data… and that’s it. ",{"data":73317,"content":73318,"nodeType":860},{},[73319],{"data":73320,"marks":73321,"value":73322,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This change means that the typical methods of post-compromise detection and response become much less viable. So, we’re going to talk a bit about what’s changed, why controls are failing, and what we’re doing here at Push to address the detection gaps. ",{"data":73324,"content":73328,"nodeType":996},{"target":73325},{"sys":73326},{"id":73327,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4179AY8ZEIJ3Ce9jszn4fA",[],{"data":73330,"content":73331,"nodeType":1009},{},[73332],{"data":73333,"marks":73334,"value":73336,"nodeType":864},{},[73335],{"type":899},"The good old days",{"data":73338,"content":73339,"nodeType":860},{},[73340],{"data":73341,"marks":73342,"value":73343,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Over the previous decade the typical attack paths, and the controls that have formed around it, have become very familiar to SecOps teams. ",{"data":73345,"content":73349,"nodeType":996},{"target":73346},{"sys":73347},{"id":73348,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4AOzwBGuNkXXogyqy46ki5",[],{"data":73351,"content":73352,"nodeType":860},{},[73353],{"data":73354,"marks":73355,"value":73356,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even with the more recent transition to enterprise cloud and hybrid networking, the broad offensive logic of “land and expand” remains. This has seen the typical view of a network-based attack path simply expand to add first enterprise cloud, and then SaaS to the picture. ",{"data":73358,"content":73362,"nodeType":996},{"target":73359},{"sys":73360},{"id":73361,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2J3s38YOVcMuJuTdryhERA",[],{"data":73364,"content":73365,"nodeType":860},{},[73366],{"data":73367,"marks":73368,"value":73369,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And while this sort of attack path is theoretically possible, what happens in reality looks quite different. ",{"data":73371,"content":73372,"nodeType":1009},{},[73373],{"data":73374,"marks":73375,"value":73377,"nodeType":864},{},[73376],{"type":899},"The new world",{"data":73379,"content":73380,"nodeType":860},{},[73381],{"data":73382,"marks":73383,"value":73384,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of needing to progress through the network, moving laterally, elevating privileges, etc. modern account takeover tends to take a much more direct approach. ",{"data":73386,"content":73389,"nodeType":996},{"target":73387},{"sys":73388},{"id":66906,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":73391,"content":73392,"nodeType":860},{},[73393],{"data":73394,"marks":73395,"value":73396,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s a common misconception that SaaS compromise typically comes after the traditional attack chain (a myth largely promoted by old-school consultancy providers, MSSPs, and managed SOC providers). There’s no need for an attacker looking to take over a SaaS account to target the network first – and many organizations today simply no longer have a network in the conventional sense.  ",{"data":73398,"content":73399,"nodeType":860},{},[73400,73404,73412,73416,73425],{"data":73401,"marks":73402,"value":73403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This isn’t to say that there aren’t examples of longer SaaS compromises involving lateral movement from SaaS to SaaS, or SaaS to cloud (",{"data":73405,"content":73406,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[73407],{"data":73408,"marks":73409,"value":73411,"nodeType":864},{},[73410],{"type":1455},"we created a whole attack matrix demonstrating the art of the possible here",{"data":73413,"marks":73414,"value":73415,"nodeType":864},{},[],"). Equally, there are examples of very short and direct attacks in enterprise cloud environments leading to ransomware deployment (for example, ",{"data":73417,"content":73419,"nodeType":883},{"uri":73418},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/mgm-casinos-esxi-servers-allegedly-encrypted-in-ransomware-attack/",[73420],{"data":73421,"marks":73422,"value":73424,"nodeType":864},{},[73423],{"type":1455},"Scattered Spider turning an initial account takeover in Okta into a full-scale VMware ESXi ransomware compromise",{"data":73426,"marks":73427,"value":36760,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":73429,"content":73430,"nodeType":860},{},[73431],{"data":73432,"marks":73433,"value":73434,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But statistically, the average network or enterprise cloud attack involves much more complex lateral movement, privilege escalation, and defense evasion than the average SaaS attack path. ",{"data":73436,"content":73437,"nodeType":860},{},[73438],{"data":73439,"marks":73440,"value":73441,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Snowflake attack path is a useful case study here: ",{"data":73443,"content":73444,"nodeType":941},{},[73445,73455,73465],{"data":73446,"content":73447,"nodeType":945},{},[73448],{"data":73449,"content":73450,"nodeType":860},{},[73451],{"data":73452,"marks":73453,"value":73454,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers logged into the Snowflake tenant of ~165 organizations using stolen credentials to access user accounts via the web-based ‘SnowSight’ portal. ",{"data":73456,"content":73457,"nodeType":945},{},[73458],{"data":73459,"content":73460,"nodeType":860},{},[73461],{"data":73462,"marks":73463,"value":73464,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To take advantage of the many exposed accounts, the attacker created a utility performing account takeover and recon at-scale. ",{"data":73466,"content":73467,"nodeType":945},{},[73468],{"data":73469,"content":73470,"nodeType":860},{},[73471],{"data":73472,"marks":73473,"value":73474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack finished with the attacker executing the same set of SQL commands across customer instances to stage and exfiltrate data. ",{"data":73476,"content":73477,"nodeType":860},{},[73478],{"data":73479,"marks":73480,"value":73482,"nodeType":864},{},[73481],{"type":899},"And that’s it. ",{"data":73484,"content":73485,"nodeType":860},{},[73486],{"data":73487,"marks":73488,"value":73489,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since these attacks happen in-app, to be able to detect and intercept them you’d need deep app-level telemetry, and probably the ability to automate any containment and response activities. But unfortunately…",{"data":73491,"content":73492,"nodeType":1009},{},[73493],{"data":73494,"marks":73495,"value":73497,"nodeType":864},{},[73496],{"type":899},"Detecting and responding after account takeover is really, really difficult",{"data":73499,"content":73500,"nodeType":1312},{},[73501],{"data":73502,"marks":73503,"value":73505,"nodeType":864},{},[73504],{"type":899},"Limited log data ",{"data":73507,"content":73508,"nodeType":860},{},[73509],{"data":73510,"marks":73511,"value":73512,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The first challenge is that in-app malicious activity is mostly indistinguishable from legitimate user behavior. Even mass data exfiltration might appear legitimate depending on what the app is used for!",{"data":73514,"content":73515,"nodeType":860},{},[73516],{"data":73517,"marks":73518,"value":73519,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To meaningfully detect malicious activity in-app, for starters you would need visibility of user behavior and actions. Unfortunately, you don’t have this. ",{"data":73521,"content":73522,"nodeType":860},{},[73523,73527,73535],{"data":73524,"marks":73525,"value":73526,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve previously discussed in detail why ",{"data":73528,"content":73529,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44293},[73530],{"data":73531,"marks":73532,"value":73534,"nodeType":864},{},[73533],{"type":1455},"log sources like network (web proxy), IdP, and app logs fall short",{"data":73536,"marks":73537,"value":73538,"nodeType":864},{},[]," when it comes to identity attacks, but the TL;DR is that most applications provide extremely limited security logging (if they provide it at all). ",{"data":73540,"content":73541,"nodeType":860},{},[73542],{"data":73543,"marks":73544,"value":73545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When logs are available, you’re limited to the events that the third-party deems suitable to log. Out of the 100 most popular apps we see across our customers, and perhaps the few dozen or so that are security critical, only a small handful provide any useful logging. So extremely risky actions, like cloning a private GitHub repo, or downloading SharePoint files via ‘open in app’ or file syncing, don’t generate any logs at all. ",{"data":73547,"content":73548,"nodeType":860},{},[73549],{"data":73550,"marks":73551,"value":73552,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Further, the lack of out-of-the-box connectors for many apps means that complex custom architectures are often required for ingestion.",{"data":73554,"content":73555,"nodeType":860},{},[73556],{"data":73557,"marks":73558,"value":73559,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, even if logs are available and you’re able to ingest them into your SIEM, there’s no guarantee that the telemetry available will contribute to any meaningful detection of malicious activity. ",{"data":73561,"content":73562,"nodeType":1312},{},[73563],{"data":73564,"marks":73565,"value":73567,"nodeType":864},{},[73566],{"type":899},"Limited response capabilities",{"data":73569,"content":73570,"nodeType":860},{},[73571],{"data":73572,"marks":73573,"value":73574,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By some miracle, you’ve detected an account takeover. Now what?",{"data":73576,"content":73577,"nodeType":860},{},[73578],{"data":73579,"marks":73580,"value":73581,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The ability to respond to an attack is dictated by the controls that are available to the security team. Unfortunately:",{"data":73583,"content":73584,"nodeType":941},{},[73585,73595,73605],{"data":73586,"content":73587,"nodeType":945},{},[73588],{"data":73589,"content":73590,"nodeType":860},{},[73591],{"data":73592,"marks":73593,"value":73594,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Depending on the app and how it was adopted, there’s no guarantee that you have admin rights. ",{"data":73596,"content":73597,"nodeType":945},{},[73598],{"data":73599,"content":73600,"nodeType":860},{},[73601],{"data":73602,"marks":73603,"value":73604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not guaranteed that admins will have the required security features available to them, like forcing a logout on a session or disabling an account (you may not even know who the users and admins are within your organization, particularly if it was self-adopted by a specific team). ",{"data":73606,"content":73607,"nodeType":945},{},[73608],{"data":73609,"content":73610,"nodeType":860},{},[73611],{"data":73612,"marks":73613,"value":73614,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Response probably requires that you log into the app and perform these actions in the admin interface (rather than being something you can orchestrate via SIEM workflow or API).",{"data":73616,"content":73617,"nodeType":860},{},[73618],{"data":73619,"marks":73620,"value":73621,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So at the point that the SecOps team is engaged, the team needs to be able to respond by eradicating the attacker’s access and closing the vulnerabilities exploited to prevent re-entry. To do this, the team needs to be able to identify, for example:",{"data":73623,"content":73624,"nodeType":941},{},[73625,73635,73645,73655,73665],{"data":73626,"content":73627,"nodeType":945},{},[73628],{"data":73629,"content":73630,"nodeType":860},{},[73631],{"data":73632,"marks":73633,"value":73634,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How the attacker gained access to the account",{"data":73636,"content":73637,"nodeType":945},{},[73638],{"data":73639,"content":73640,"nodeType":860},{},[73641],{"data":73642,"marks":73643,"value":73644,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What the attacker did using the compromised account",{"data":73646,"content":73647,"nodeType":945},{},[73648],{"data":73649,"content":73650,"nodeType":860},{},[73651],{"data":73652,"marks":73653,"value":73654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Whether any alternative access methods were established (e.g. backup emails, API keys, or OAuth integrations)",{"data":73656,"content":73657,"nodeType":945},{},[73658],{"data":73659,"content":73660,"nodeType":860},{},[73661],{"data":73662,"marks":73663,"value":73664,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where the attacker could have laterally moved to using the account (based on the integrations and permissions of the identity)",{"data":73666,"content":73667,"nodeType":945},{},[73668],{"data":73669,"content":73670,"nodeType":860},{},[73671],{"data":73672,"marks":73673,"value":73674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Other accounts the attacker could also access using the same credentials",{"data":73676,"content":73677,"nodeType":860},{},[73678],{"data":73679,"marks":73680,"value":73681,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Given the limited tools available and the probable lack of app-specific knowledge (you can’t be an expert in every app!), by the time you’ve managed to respond, the attacker has probably already sailed off into the sunset with all of the data they can lay their hands on. ",{"data":73683,"content":73684,"nodeType":860},{},[73685],{"data":73686,"marks":73687,"value":73688,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clearly, post-compromise detection and response isn’t really a viable option – you’re basically entering full response and recovery mode at this point. ",{"data":73690,"content":73691,"nodeType":1009},{},[73692],{"data":73693,"marks":73694,"value":73696,"nodeType":864},{},[73695],{"type":899},"Shifting detection left",{"data":73698,"content":73699,"nodeType":860},{},[73700],{"data":73701,"marks":73702,"value":73703,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you can’t reasonably detect and respond to post-compromise activity, it makes detecting and blocking initial access much more important. ",{"data":73705,"content":73706,"nodeType":860},{},[73707],{"data":73708,"marks":73709,"value":73710,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Again, it seems obvious, but it’s yet another notion that’s fallen under the radar – despite the trendiness of ‘shifting left’ in other areas like software development and vulnerability management. Partly because as we’ve discussed, post-compromise detection and response has been the norm for so long. But also because we’ve accepted the status quo of the (somewhat disappointing) preventative controls that are available. ",{"data":73712,"content":73713,"nodeType":860},{},[73714],{"data":73715,"marks":73716,"value":73717,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, let’s isolate the techniques and steps that attackers typically rely on for account takeover. ",{"data":73719,"content":73720,"nodeType":1312},{},[73721],{"data":73722,"marks":73723,"value":73725,"nodeType":864},{},[73724],{"type":899},"Methods of account takeover",{"data":73727,"content":73728,"nodeType":860},{},[73729],{"data":73730,"marks":73731,"value":73732,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To be able to hijack an account, an attacker needs to possess one of two things:",{"data":73734,"content":73735,"nodeType":941},{},[73736,73746],{"data":73737,"content":73738,"nodeType":945},{},[73739],{"data":73740,"content":73741,"nodeType":860},{},[73742],{"data":73743,"marks":73744,"value":73745,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Authentication material e.g. a username and password, with a login portal URL.",{"data":73747,"content":73748,"nodeType":945},{},[73749],{"data":73750,"content":73751,"nodeType":860},{},[73752],{"data":73753,"marks":73754,"value":73755,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Session material e.g. session cookies. ",{"data":73757,"content":73758,"nodeType":860},{},[73759],{"data":73760,"marks":73761,"value":73762,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are three main ways that an attacker can hijack an account by acquiring (or generating) these materials: Phishing, infostealers, and credential stuffing. ",{"data":73764,"content":73765,"nodeType":941},{},[73766,73781,73796],{"data":73767,"content":73768,"nodeType":945},{},[73769],{"data":73770,"content":73771,"nodeType":860},{},[73772,73777],{"data":73773,"marks":73774,"value":73776,"nodeType":864},{},[73775],{"type":899},"Phishing:",{"data":73778,"marks":73779,"value":73780,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Stealing valid authentication and session material from victims, including usernames, passwords, and session cookies (if AitM or BitM), for a specific site or app.",{"data":73782,"content":73783,"nodeType":945},{},[73784],{"data":73785,"content":73786,"nodeType":860},{},[73787,73792],{"data":73788,"marks":73789,"value":73791,"nodeType":864},{},[73790],{"type":899},"Infostealers:",{"data":73793,"marks":73794,"value":73795,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Stealing valid authentication and session material from the victim’s web browsers for all apps that the user has signed into, as well as desktop information from the device.",{"data":73797,"content":73798,"nodeType":945},{},[73799],{"data":73800,"content":73801,"nodeType":860},{},[73802,73807],{"data":73803,"marks":73804,"value":73806,"nodeType":864},{},[73805],{"type":899},"Credential stuffing: ",{"data":73808,"marks":73809,"value":73810,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using previously breached authentication or session material in data breach dumps, or taking advantage of weak or guessable passwords (as a result of password reuse).",{"data":73812,"content":73813,"nodeType":860},{},[73814],{"data":73815,"marks":73816,"value":73817,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once this information has been acquired, the attack path follows a similar journey regardless of the initial attack technique, ending in the attacker initiating a session in their own browser. ",{"data":73819,"content":73823,"nodeType":996},{"target":73820},{"sys":73821},{"id":73822,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7CJT84yPsiUaUO4Mfb6oFd",[],{"data":73825,"content":73826,"nodeType":860},{},[73827],{"data":73828,"marks":73829,"value":73830,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Clearly, there are a number of steps here that involve user behaviors/actions that could in theory be detected with the right visibility:",{"data":73832,"content":73833,"nodeType":941},{},[73834,73844,73854,73864],{"data":73835,"content":73836,"nodeType":945},{},[73837],{"data":73838,"content":73839,"nodeType":860},{},[73840],{"data":73841,"marks":73842,"value":73843,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The victim being sent and accessing a malicious link, or downloading a malicious file",{"data":73845,"content":73846,"nodeType":945},{},[73847],{"data":73848,"content":73849,"nodeType":860},{},[73850],{"data":73851,"marks":73852,"value":73853,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The victim loading a malicious webpage",{"data":73855,"content":73856,"nodeType":945},{},[73857],{"data":73858,"content":73859,"nodeType":860},{},[73860],{"data":73861,"marks":73862,"value":73863,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The victim interacting with a malicious webpage, such as entering their credentials",{"data":73865,"content":73866,"nodeType":945},{},[73867],{"data":73868,"content":73869,"nodeType":860},{},[73870],{"data":73871,"marks":73872,"value":73873,"nodeType":864},{},[],"(If an infostealer attack) The victim executing malware on their device",{"data":73875,"content":73876,"nodeType":860},{},[73877],{"data":73878,"marks":73879,"value":73880,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, the attacker must also access the stolen account from their own device/browser.",{"data":73882,"content":73883,"nodeType":1312},{},[73884],{"data":73885,"marks":73886,"value":73888,"nodeType":864},{},[73887],{"type":899},"Existing controls are falling short",{"data":73890,"content":73891,"nodeType":860},{},[73892],{"data":73893,"marks":73894,"value":73895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, now we know what these attacks look like, how do you feasibly detect and block them? ",{"data":73897,"content":73898,"nodeType":860},{},[73899],{"data":73900,"marks":73901,"value":73902,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The vast majority of identity attacks take place entirely over the internet. These attacks don’t involve traditional network and endpoint-based techniques, and therefore don’t run into many of your existing perimeter controls. Infostealer attacks are the exception in that they do involve an endpoint compromise (and therefore come up against EDR), but attackers are continually finding new bypass techniques, or are targeting unmanaged devices that are not protected by EDR. ",{"data":73904,"content":73905,"nodeType":860},{},[73906,73910,73918,73922,73930],{"data":73907,"marks":73908,"value":73909,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This leaves us in the hands of TI-driven blocklists and SWG/email controls that identify and block malicious content. However, these controls are largely based on ",{"data":73911,"content":73912,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6955},[73913],{"data":73914,"marks":73915,"value":73917,"nodeType":864},{},[73916],{"type":1455},"indicators like domain names, URLs, and IPs",{"data":73919,"marks":73920,"value":73921,"nodeType":864},{},[]," which are easy for attackers to change (and therefore bypass). Where pages and downloads are analyzed, ",{"data":73923,"content":73924,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43886},[73925],{"data":73926,"marks":73927,"value":73929,"nodeType":864},{},[73928],{"type":1455},"attackers are routinely implementing obfuscation measures to defeat more advanced dynamic controls",{"data":73931,"marks":73932,"value":73933,"nodeType":864},{},[]," with a lot of success, or using techniques like HTML smuggling to bypass download scanning tools. ",{"data":73935,"content":73936,"nodeType":1312},{},[73937],{"data":73938,"marks":73939,"value":73941,"nodeType":864},{},[73940],{"type":899},"Detecting and responding to account takeover with Push",{"data":73943,"content":73944,"nodeType":860},{},[73945],{"data":73946,"marks":73947,"value":73948,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But, Push’s vantage point in the browser gives us a very different perspective. Because in the browser, you have much better visibility of the rendered web page (meaning it's much harder to disguise malicious content). You also aren’t restricted to email, and can intercept a user loading a malicious page whatever it’s source. ",{"data":73950,"content":73954,"nodeType":996},{"target":73951},{"sys":73952},{"id":73953,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4JpFRHGRGEbCb1hNF0CGlE",[],{"data":73956,"content":73957,"nodeType":860},{},[73958],{"data":73959,"marks":73960,"value":73961,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, let’s compare the typical web-based controls that organizations rely on against what’s possible using Push’s browser-based solution. We’ll put EDR to one side here and focus on a typical phishing attack, since the majority of the attack path happens over the internet (and the attacker has to return to the internet to access the app/account anyway). ",{"data":73963,"content":73967,"nodeType":996},{"target":73964},{"sys":73965},{"id":73966,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4ua9ZNNSnxJnRLwJvRTaf1",[],{"data":73969,"content":73970,"nodeType":860},{},[73971],{"data":73972,"marks":73973,"value":73974,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can see here that attackers have established methods of routinely bypassing these controls. In contrast, with Push, there are layered detections against different stages of the attack path to account takeover, providing defense-in-depth should a layer be somehow bypassed.",{"data":73976,"content":73980,"nodeType":996},{"target":73977},{"sys":73978},{"id":73979,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"ogIj92nzV9Q2Z7I9YOgG3",[],{"data":73982,"content":73983,"nodeType":860},{},[73984],{"data":73985,"marks":73986,"value":73987,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice, this creates four strong lines of defense – all before an attacker can even take over an account. ",{"data":73989,"content":73990,"nodeType":941},{},[73991,74010,74029,74048],{"data":73992,"content":73993,"nodeType":945},{},[73994],{"data":73995,"content":73996,"nodeType":860},{},[73997,74001,74007],{"data":73998,"marks":73999,"value":74000,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1st line: ",{"data":74002,"content":74003,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44221},[74004],{"data":74005,"marks":74006,"value":44226,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":74008,"marks":74009,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":74011,"content":74012,"nodeType":945},{},[74013],{"data":74014,"content":74015,"nodeType":860},{},[74016,74020,74026],{"data":74017,"marks":74018,"value":74019,"nodeType":864},{},[],"2nd line: ",{"data":74021,"content":74022,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44242},[74023],{"data":74024,"marks":74025,"value":44247,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":74027,"marks":74028,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":74030,"content":74031,"nodeType":945},{},[74032],{"data":74033,"content":74034,"nodeType":860},{},[74035,74039,74045],{"data":74036,"marks":74037,"value":74038,"nodeType":864},{},[],"3rd line: ",{"data":74040,"content":74041,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},[74042],{"data":74043,"marks":74044,"value":44205,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":74046,"marks":74047,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":74049,"content":74050,"nodeType":945},{},[74051],{"data":74052,"content":74053,"nodeType":860},{},[74054,74058,74065],{"data":74055,"marks":74056,"value":74057,"nodeType":864},{},[],"4th line: ",{"data":74059,"content":74060,"nodeType":883},{"uri":70011},[74061],{"data":74062,"marks":74063,"value":74064,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting when an attacker resumes a stolen session in a browser without the Push extension running. ",{"data":74066,"marks":74067,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":74069,"content":74070,"nodeType":860},{},[74071],{"data":74072,"marks":74073,"value":74074,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Each of these controls either detects and blocks the account takeover attempt outright, or provides a high-fidelity indicator that should trigger a priority investigation via your SecOps workflow. ",{"data":74076,"content":74077,"nodeType":1009},{},[74078],{"data":74079,"marks":74080,"value":29517,"nodeType":864},{},[74081],{"type":899},{"data":74083,"content":74084,"nodeType":860},{},[74085],{"data":74086,"marks":74087,"value":74088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hopefully we’ve demonstrated shifting detection left isn’t just possible, but essential for defending against modern identity attacks and account takeover. ",{"data":74090,"content":74091,"nodeType":860},{},[74092,74096,74104],{"data":74093,"marks":74094,"value":74095,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the second post in our design philosophy series, so if you want to read about how we’re building detections that are hard for attackers to bypass using the Pyramid of Pain, ",{"data":74097,"content":74098,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6955},[74099],{"data":74100,"marks":74101,"value":74103,"nodeType":864},{},[74102],{"type":1455},"you can check it out here",{"data":74105,"marks":74106,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":74108,"content":74109,"nodeType":860},{},[74110],{"data":74111,"marks":74112,"value":74113,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We look forward to sharing more about our design philosophy with you in the future! ",{"entries":74115},{"hyperlink":74116,"inline":74117,"block":74118},[],[],[74119,74122,74128,74134,74138,74144,74150,74156],{"sys":74120,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":74121,"buttonLabel":9127,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":6955},{"id":73327},"New to the series? Read our first design principles blog on building better detections using the Pyramid of Pain",{"sys":74123,"__typename":1724,"title":74124,"caption":74124,"layoutMode":59,"file":74125},{"id":73348},"Network compromise in a traditional 'on-prem' environment",{"url":74126,"width":41965,"height":74127},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2kWUeTHvxsqJDvXP0v2Mev/57cc372e313a1d36e9c53e4c099831b1/Traditional_attack_path.png",597,{"sys":74129,"__typename":1724,"title":74130,"caption":74130,"layoutMode":59,"file":74131},{"id":73361},"The typical attack path (according to old-school consultancies and MSSPs)",{"url":74132,"width":66053,"height":74133},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/2lqJtgZROb1Qyoa0myb692/37dedf4120ba60cfb340fd3a69bea248/Typical_hybrid_attack_path.png",893,{"sys":74135,"__typename":1724,"title":74136,"caption":74136,"layoutMode":59,"file":74137},{"id":66906},"The average SaaS attack path involves direct in-app compromise following account takeover",{"url":41964,"width":41965,"height":41966},{"sys":74139,"__typename":1724,"title":74140,"caption":74141,"layoutMode":59,"file":74142},{"id":73822},"Paths to account takeover","Overlapping paths to account takeover via phishing, infostealers and credential stuffing",{"url":74143,"width":66053,"height":74133},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3UZL6NydNnGa0kJHF9s6Ld/2fdb6d3aa8abb45d89cf334f5d3e9139/Paths_to_account_takeover__1_.png",{"sys":74145,"__typename":1724,"title":74146,"caption":74147,"layoutMode":59,"file":74148},{"id":73953},"Browser visibility and telemetry","The browser provides deep, real time visibility of the rendered web app and user activity",{"url":74149,"width":33213,"height":1802},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/7ntzZN0bNnt4Rc3kseTfji/d303986b42f9bab60a6566c5694d26b7/image2.png",{"sys":74151,"__typename":1724,"title":74152,"caption":74153,"layoutMode":59,"file":74154},{"id":73966},"Identity attack detection without Push","TI-driven 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That said, they also have limitations that attackers are exploiting. We’ve laid out some of the ",{"data":74870,"content":74872,"nodeType":883},{"uri":74871},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/5-reasons-why-push-security-shouldnt-exist/",[74873],{"data":74874,"marks":74875,"value":74877,"nodeType":864},{},[74876],{"type":1455},"typical misconceptions that can undermine an identity security strategy",{"data":74879,"marks":74880,"value":74881,"nodeType":864},{},[]," so you can avoid the common pitfalls and achieve defense in depth.",{"data":74883,"content":74884,"nodeType":1009},{},[74885],{"data":74886,"marks":74887,"value":74888,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push vs. account takeover techniques",{"data":74890,"content":74891,"nodeType":860},{},[74892],{"data":74893,"marks":74894,"value":74895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’re going to show you how to use Push to bolster your identity security strategy and prevent account takeover. More specifically, we’ll cover how Push prevents, detects, and blocks some of the common attack techniques seen in this account takeover attack chain:",{"data":74897,"content":74901,"nodeType":996},{"target":74898},{"sys":74899},{"id":74900,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1FPMzCU0mBgpg1GMSz1sJH",[],{"data":74903,"content":74904,"nodeType":860},{},[74905],{"data":74906,"marks":74907,"value":74908,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses browser data collected by our browser agent to either detect the attack techniques directly, or identify the vulnerabilities being exploited. Upon making a detection, the browser agent enforces a relevant security control to either block the attack or prevent the user from introducing a vulnerability.",{"data":74910,"content":74911,"nodeType":860},{},[74912],{"data":74913,"marks":74914,"value":74915,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re wondering why we’ve opted to build our tool in the browser, the short answer is that being in the browser gives us:",{"data":74917,"content":74918,"nodeType":941},{},[74919,74934,74949],{"data":74920,"content":74921,"nodeType":945},{},[74922],{"data":74923,"content":74924,"nodeType":860},{},[74925,74930],{"data":74926,"marks":74927,"value":74929,"nodeType":864},{},[74928],{"type":899},"The broadest visibility",{"data":74931,"marks":74932,"value":74933,"nodeType":864},{},[]," across all workforce identities, including unmanaged identities outside your IdP.",{"data":74935,"content":74936,"nodeType":945},{},[74937],{"data":74938,"content":74939,"nodeType":860},{},[74940,74945],{"data":74941,"marks":74942,"value":74944,"nodeType":864},{},[74943],{"type":899},"The best telemetry",{"data":74946,"marks":74947,"value":74948,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for detecting identity attack TTPs and tools.",{"data":74950,"content":74951,"nodeType":945},{},[74952],{"data":74953,"content":74954,"nodeType":860},{},[74955,74960],{"data":74956,"marks":74957,"value":74959,"nodeType":864},{},[74958],{"type":899},"The perfect enforcement point",{"data":74961,"marks":74962,"value":74963,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for stopping attacker actions or risky employee actions in real time. ",{"data":74965,"content":74966,"nodeType":860},{},[74967,74971,74979],{"data":74968,"marks":74969,"value":74970,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want a more detailed technical explanation, you can read this article by Dan on ",{"data":74972,"content":74973,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44293},[74974],{"data":74975,"marks":74976,"value":74978,"nodeType":864},{},[74977],{"type":1455},"why browser data is a better source of telemetry for detecting identity attacks than network, IdP and app logs",{"data":74980,"marks":74981,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":74983,"content":74984,"nodeType":860},{},[74985],{"data":74986,"marks":74987,"value":74988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Now we’ve cleared that up, let's look at some account takeover techniques.",{"data":74990,"content":74991,"nodeType":1009},{},[74992],{"data":74993,"marks":74994,"value":74995,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Part 1: Phishing (including AitM and BitM toolkits)",{"data":74997,"content":74998,"nodeType":860},{},[74999],{"data":75000,"marks":75001,"value":75002,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing has been around since forever and there’s a mature category of solutions that are designed to detect and prevent it. But despite solutions like security awareness training, phishing domain detection services and email filtering tools, phishing is still one of the top breach vectors. ",{"data":75004,"content":75007,"nodeType":996},{"target":75005},{"sys":75006},{"id":64969,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":75009,"content":75010,"nodeType":860},{},[75011],{"data":75012,"marks":75013,"value":75014,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve all been conditioned to think about phishing as something that happens over email, but it’s actually the browser where most of the action happens, regardless of the initial delivery channel. Push’s position in the browser gives you the ideal vantage point for detecting and stopping phishing attacks.",{"data":75016,"content":75017,"nodeType":860},{},[75018],{"data":75019,"marks":75020,"value":75021,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Push browser agent performs both passive observation and active interrogation in order to detect employees having their passwords harvested or visiting cloned app login pages or pages using AitM/BitM toolkits. Phishing attacks are detected in real time so Push blocks them before your employees can enter their credentials.",{"data":75023,"content":75024,"nodeType":1312},{},[75025],{"data":75026,"marks":75027,"value":75028,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting phishing through user behavior",{"data":75030,"content":75031,"nodeType":860},{},[75032],{"data":75033,"marks":75034,"value":75035,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Rather than trying to detect phishing websites and domains that constantly change, Push detects and blocks phishing attempts based on observing user behavior in the browser.",{"data":75037,"content":75038,"nodeType":860},{},[75039],{"data":75040,"marks":75041,"value":75042,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does this by observing all logins and generating a fingerprint (or technically a k-anonymized salted partial hash) of the user’s password. This fingerprint is then stored locally to allow Push to perform comparisons.",{"data":75044,"content":75045,"nodeType":860},{},[75046],{"data":75047,"marks":75048,"value":75049,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To detect potential phishing attacks, the browser agent compares the observed password fingerprint to known fingerprints for passwords that already exist in local storage.",{"data":75051,"content":75052,"nodeType":860},{},[75053,75058],{"data":75054,"marks":75055,"value":75057,"nodeType":864},{},[75056],{"type":899},"This means that it works even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site: ",{"data":75059,"marks":75060,"value":75061,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push still detects it and blocks it before your employee can submit their credentials. It also works regardless of the delivery vector used to get the phishing link to the intended victim.",{"data":75063,"content":75067,"nodeType":996},{"target":75064},{"sys":75065},{"id":75066,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2V2My5IpdVUwh4QugqInUw",[],{"data":75069,"content":75070,"nodeType":860},{},[75071],{"data":75072,"marks":75073,"value":75074,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once you’ve discovered a malicious site, you can use Push’s companion feature, URL blocking, to add the domain to a blocklist and prevent your other end-users from even visiting the site.",{"data":75076,"content":75077,"nodeType":860},{},[75078,75082,75089],{"data":75079,"marks":75080,"value":75081,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can programmatically manage URL blocking as part of responding to an attempted phishing incident by using the ",{"data":75083,"content":75084,"nodeType":883},{"uri":72612},[75085],{"data":75086,"marks":75087,"value":75088,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push REST API",{"data":75090,"marks":75091,"value":75092,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to automatically add URLs to the blocklist or to sync with other threat intelligence sources of known-bad sites.",{"data":75094,"content":75095,"nodeType":860},{},[75096,75100,75108],{"data":75097,"marks":75098,"value":75099,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can find out more about this control in this ",{"data":75101,"content":75102,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},[75103],{"data":75104,"marks":75105,"value":75107,"nodeType":864},{},[75106],{"type":1455},"deep-dive article",{"data":75109,"marks":75110,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75112,"content":75113,"nodeType":1312},{},[75114],{"data":75115,"marks":75116,"value":75117,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting cloned login pages",{"data":75119,"content":75120,"nodeType":860},{},[75121],{"data":75122,"marks":75123,"value":75124,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s now very easy for attackers to create cloned login pages that appear to be legitimate, tricking users into providing their credentials. ",{"data":75126,"content":75127,"nodeType":860},{},[75128,75132,75141],{"data":75129,"marks":75130,"value":75131,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There’s a number of phishing kits that allow the attacker to simply copy the HTML code from a legitimate website and duplicate it on the malicious site, creating a virtually identical interface that tricks users into entering their credentials. A final sprinkle of typosquatting techniques completes the illusion of legitimacy. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ",{"data":75133,"content":75135,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75134},"https://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2024/03/fcc-staff-targeted-phishing-attack-cloned-agency-login-site/394609/",[75136],{"data":75137,"marks":75138,"value":75140,"nodeType":864},{},[75139],{"type":1455},"was a recent target",{"data":75142,"marks":75143,"value":75144,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of this kind of attack. ",{"data":75146,"content":75147,"nodeType":860},{},[75148],{"data":75149,"marks":75150,"value":75151,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s cloned app detection feature detects fraudulent login pages by inspecting the resources and structure of pages users log into and fingerprinting them so they can be used to detect when that action occurs on the wrong domain. ",{"data":75153,"content":75154,"nodeType":860},{},[75155,75159,75166],{"data":75156,"marks":75157,"value":75158,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can ",{"data":75160,"content":75161,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44221},[75162],{"data":75163,"marks":75164,"value":75165,"nodeType":864},{},[],"read more about this feature here",{"data":75167,"marks":75168,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75170,"content":75171,"nodeType":1312},{},[75172],{"data":75173,"marks":75174,"value":75175,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting AitM and BitM toolkits",{"data":75177,"content":75178,"nodeType":860},{},[75179,75183,75191,75194,75202,75205,75213,75216,75224],{"data":75180,"marks":75181,"value":75182,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing is a technique that uses dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application, principally to bypass MFA. As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, making this technique difficult to spot. Popular AitM toolkits include ",{"data":75184,"content":75186,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75185},"https://github.com/drk1wi/Modlishka",[75187],{"data":75188,"marks":75189,"value":75190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modlishka",{"data":75192,"marks":75193,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75195,"content":75197,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75196},"https://github.com/muraenateam/muraena",[75198],{"data":75199,"marks":75200,"value":75201,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Muraena",{"data":75203,"marks":75204,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75206,"content":75208,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75207},"https://github.com/kgretzky/evilginx2",[75209],{"data":75210,"marks":75211,"value":75212,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Evilginx",{"data":75214,"marks":75215,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75217,"content":75219,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75218},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/evilproxy-uses-indeedcom-open-redirect-for-microsoft-365-phishing/",[75220],{"data":75221,"marks":75222,"value":75223,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Evilproxy",{"data":75225,"marks":75226,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75228,"content":75229,"nodeType":860},{},[75230],{"data":75231,"marks":75232,"value":75233,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) toolkits are different to AitM toolkits because they don’t act as a reverse proxy. Instead, they trick their victim into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser using remote desktop screen sharing and control approaches — think of this like VNC or RDP but using the browser as a client. This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to log in to an app for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards.",{"data":75235,"content":75236,"nodeType":860},{},[75237,75241,75250],{"data":75238,"marks":75239,"value":75240,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve conducted a lot of research into AitM and BitM toolkits recently. If you want to learn more about how they work and see a demo of them in action, ",{"data":75242,"content":75244,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75243},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/phishing-detecting-evilginx-evilnovnc-muraena-and-modlishka/",[75245],{"data":75246,"marks":75247,"value":75249,"nodeType":864},{},[75248],{"type":1455},"head over here",{"data":75251,"marks":75252,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75254,"content":75255,"nodeType":860},{},[75256],{"data":75257,"marks":75258,"value":75259,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push gives you a preconfigured set of detections for AitM and BitM toolkits, informed by our threat detection team’s research into their behavior. This phishing tool detection feature will automatically prevent users from accessing a site that’s running one of these malicious tools, and display a custom warning message to your end-users.",{"data":75261,"content":75264,"nodeType":996},{"target":75262},{"sys":75263},{"id":57285,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":75266,"content":75267,"nodeType":860},{},[75268,75272,75278],{"data":75269,"marks":75270,"value":75271,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Administrators can also consume phishing tool detection events via the ",{"data":75273,"content":75274,"nodeType":883},{"uri":72612},[75275],{"data":75276,"marks":75277,"value":75088,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75279,"marks":75280,"value":75281,"nodeType":864},{},[]," into their SIEM or use Push’s webhooks to alert when a warn or block event has occurred.",{"data":75283,"content":75284,"nodeType":860},{},[75285,75289,75297],{"data":75286,"marks":75287,"value":75288,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can read a full write-up of this feature if you want to ",{"data":75290,"content":75291,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44242},[75292],{"data":75293,"marks":75294,"value":75296,"nodeType":864},{},[75295],{"type":1455},"learn more",{"data":75298,"marks":75299,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75301,"content":75302,"nodeType":1009},{},[75303],{"data":75304,"marks":75305,"value":75306,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Part 2: Infostealer malware",{"data":75308,"content":75309,"nodeType":860},{},[75310,75314,75321],{"data":75311,"marks":75312,"value":75313,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The recent ",{"data":75315,"content":75316,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13277},[75317],{"data":75318,"marks":75319,"value":3756,"nodeType":864},{},[75320],{"type":1455},{"data":75322,"marks":75323,"value":75324,"nodeType":864},{},[]," highlighted how infostealer malware is becoming a serious issue for security teams. As well as being able to steal credentials for account takeover, infostealers can also be used to steal session tokens which then allow the attacker to assume an already authorized session without needing to bypass MFA.   ",{"data":75326,"content":75327,"nodeType":860},{},[75328],{"data":75329,"marks":75330,"value":75331,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers. ",{"data":75333,"content":75337,"nodeType":996},{"target":75334},{"sys":75335},{"id":75336,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"66B5MBFIhbmky7VuLGbuM3",[],{"data":75339,"content":75340,"nodeType":860},{},[75341],{"data":75342,"marks":75343,"value":75344,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Infostealers are primarily being used by Initial Access Brokers to harvest credentials and session tokens that they then sell to other threat actors intent on executing more penetrating attacks (e.g. ransomware).  ",{"data":75346,"content":75347,"nodeType":860},{},[75348,75352,75361],{"data":75349,"marks":75350,"value":75351,"nodeType":864},{},[],"EDR is seen as the go-to solution for defending against infostealer malware. However, attackers are always looking for ways to get around security controls by obfuscating malicious behavior and evading signature-based checks. For example, ",{"data":75353,"content":75355,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75354},"https://thehackernews.com/2024/07/microsoft-defender-flaw-exploited-to.html",[75356],{"data":75357,"marks":75358,"value":75360,"nodeType":864},{},[75359],{"type":1455},"a flaw in Microsoft Defender SmartScreen was recently exploited to deliver infostealer malware",{"data":75362,"marks":75363,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75365,"content":75366,"nodeType":860},{},[75367],{"data":75368,"marks":75369,"value":75370,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Getting total coverage across your endpoint estate is notoriously difficult, if not totally unrealistic. Unless the malware is stopped on execution, then data will inevitably be stolen, and will continue to be taken until stopped (or it self-terminates). And once an attacker has stolen employee credentials or sessions, the credential stuffing and session hijacking attacks that come next won’t touch the endpoint. ",{"data":75372,"content":75373,"nodeType":860},{},[75374],{"data":75375,"marks":75376,"value":75377,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For those reasons, you can’t rely on EDR as a single line of defense against infostealers. Push gives you those extra layers of defense to stop account takeover attempts that use stolen credentials and sessions.",{"data":75379,"content":75383,"nodeType":996},{"target":75380},{"sys":75381},{"id":75382,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4YB6DLIE5TvaAsAAUoJd5v",[],{"data":75385,"content":75386,"nodeType":1312},{},[75387],{"data":75388,"marks":75389,"value":75390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting stolen sessions ",{"data":75392,"content":75393,"nodeType":860},{},[75394],{"data":75395,"marks":75396,"value":75397,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses its browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. You then add the list of domains where you wish to inject the marker into sessions, such as an identity provider like Okta or Microsoft. ",{"data":75399,"content":75400,"nodeType":860},{},[75401],{"data":75402,"marks":75403,"value":75404,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":75406,"content":75407,"nodeType":860},{},[75408],{"data":75409,"marks":75410,"value":75411,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is being used by an attacker. It’s certainly a lot cleaner than relying on IP-based or geolocation-based signals, which result in frequent false positives.",{"data":75413,"content":75416,"nodeType":996},{"target":75414},{"sys":75415},{"id":70041,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":75418,"content":75419,"nodeType":1312},{},[75420],{"data":75421,"marks":75422,"value":75423,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting stolen credentials being sold on the dark web",{"data":75425,"content":75426,"nodeType":860},{},[75427],{"data":75428,"marks":75429,"value":75430,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push integrates stolen credential threat intelligence and alerts you when your employees’ credentials are being sold on the dark web. ",{"data":75432,"content":75433,"nodeType":860},{},[75434],{"data":75435,"marks":75436,"value":75437,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Commercial TI feeds of stolen credentials have been available for some time. But what we’ve found is that the false-positive rate is incredibly high and the vast majority of credentials are no longer in use.",{"data":75439,"content":75440,"nodeType":860},{},[75441],{"data":75442,"marks":75443,"value":75444,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push validates that leaked credentials match those that are currently being used by your employees to authenticate on any apps they are using in the browser. That means that any alerts or automated actions generated by Push are actionable true positives, cutting out a huge amount of noise and saving your security team time. ",{"data":75446,"content":75450,"nodeType":996},{"target":75447},{"sys":75448},{"id":75449,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3RnPM0ioGWi3CFMLkxQanO",[],{"data":75452,"content":75453,"nodeType":1009},{},[75454],{"data":75455,"marks":75456,"value":75457,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Part 3: Credential stuffing",{"data":75459,"content":75460,"nodeType":860},{},[75461],{"data":75462,"marks":75463,"value":75464,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The previous sections looked at how Push detects and stops common techniques used for stealing and acquiring credentials. We’re now going to cover how Push stops stolen credentials from being used to access and take over employee accounts. ",{"data":75466,"content":75467,"nodeType":860},{},[75468,75473],{"data":75469,"marks":75470,"value":75472,"nodeType":864},{},[75471],{"type":899},"Credential stuffing ",{"data":75474,"marks":75475,"value":75476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"is when attackers use tools that automate the process of taking a list of stolen passwords and retargeting those credentials against different apps.",{"data":75478,"content":75479,"nodeType":860},{},[75480,75484,75489],{"data":75481,"marks":75482,"value":75483,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Closely related to credential stuffing is ",{"data":75485,"marks":75486,"value":75488,"nodeType":864},{},[75487],{"type":899},"password spraying",{"data":75490,"marks":75491,"value":75492,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Instead of using stolen credentials, an attacker uses a list of commonly used usernames and passwords to attempt to compromise accounts. ",{"data":75494,"content":75495,"nodeType":860},{},[75496],{"data":75497,"marks":75498,"value":75499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Both credential stuffing and password spraying are high-volume, automated attacks, and they are an unrelenting problem for most businesses. Microsoft observes 4,000 of them every second and nearly half of all login requests Auth0 receive each day are attempts at credential stuffing. ",{"data":75501,"content":75502,"nodeType":860},{},[75503],{"data":75504,"marks":75505,"value":75506,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The true scale of the problem is hard to grasp, as neither app vendors nor users have effective means of monitoring for unauthorized access. Typically these breaches are only detected when:",{"data":75508,"content":75509,"nodeType":941},{},[75510,75530,75551],{"data":75511,"content":75512,"nodeType":945},{},[75513],{"data":75514,"content":75515,"nodeType":860},{},[75516,75520,75527],{"data":75517,"marks":75518,"value":75519,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker leaks the data they’ve stolen, like in the ",{"data":75521,"content":75522,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13277},[75523],{"data":75524,"marks":75525,"value":3756,"nodeType":864},{},[75526],{"type":1455},{"data":75528,"marks":75529,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75531,"content":75532,"nodeType":945},{},[75533],{"data":75534,"content":75535,"nodeType":860},{},[75536,75540,75548],{"data":75537,"marks":75538,"value":75539,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker deploys ransomware that results in business disruption, like that suffered by ",{"data":75541,"content":75542,"nodeType":883},{"uri":53479},[75543],{"data":75544,"marks":75545,"value":75547,"nodeType":864},{},[75546],{"type":1455},"MGM resorts",{"data":75549,"marks":75550,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75552,"content":75553,"nodeType":945},{},[75554],{"data":75555,"content":75556,"nodeType":860},{},[75557,75561,75570],{"data":75558,"marks":75559,"value":75560,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attackers use a compromised account to do something deliberately in the public eye. For example, when the SEC’s X (formerly Twitter) account was compromised and ",{"data":75562,"content":75564,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75563},"https://incyber.org/en/article/fake-sec-tweet-triggers-bitcoin-surge/#:~:text=The%20fake%20headline%20convinced%20a,an%20unauthorized%20tweet%20was%20posted.",[75565],{"data":75566,"marks":75567,"value":75569,"nodeType":864},{},[75568],{"type":1455},"sent out a message announcing the approval of Bitcoin ETF",{"data":75571,"marks":75572,"value":40292,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75574,"content":75575,"nodeType":860},{},[75576],{"data":75577,"marks":75578,"value":75579,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push gives you a number of controls to combat attacks using stolen and guessed passwords, both to prevent them from occurring, and detect them when they do.",{"data":75581,"content":75582,"nodeType":1312},{},[75583],{"data":75584,"marks":75585,"value":75586,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent employees using credentials that have already been stolen and leaked",{"data":75588,"content":75589,"nodeType":860},{},[75590],{"data":75591,"marks":75592,"value":75593,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, let's stop your employees from using any credentials that have already been stolen and are available to attackers for use in a credential-stuffing attack. ",{"data":75595,"content":75596,"nodeType":860},{},[75597],{"data":75598,"marks":75599,"value":75600,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push monitors stolen credential threat intelligence and compares it to the credentials employees are currently using to access their apps. ",{"data":75602,"content":75603,"nodeType":860},{},[75604],{"data":75605,"marks":75606,"value":75607,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might be wondering, “Does that mean Push sees all our employees’ passwords!?” No. Rather, we use a fingerprint of each password and it's checked locally in the users’ browser and never leaves it. ",{"data":75609,"content":75610,"nodeType":860},{},[75611],{"data":75612,"marks":75613,"value":75614,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we get a match – a stolen password that could successfully be used in a credential-stuffing attack – Push alerts you.",{"data":75616,"content":75617,"nodeType":1312},{},[75618],{"data":75619,"marks":75620,"value":75621,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enforce MFA on all employee accounts",{"data":75623,"content":75624,"nodeType":860},{},[75625],{"data":75626,"marks":75627,"value":75628,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Next step is to secure the accounts most vulnerable to a credential stuffing attack – those that only use a password for single-factor authentication. ",{"data":75630,"content":75631,"nodeType":860},{},[75632,75636,75644],{"data":75633,"marks":75634,"value":75635,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re using SSO to access apps, then it’s easy to overlook instances where local accounts (e.g. username and password logins) are missing MFA – particularly if you’re relying on an IdP solution to audit and enforce MFA. ",{"data":75637,"content":75638,"nodeType":883},{"uri":70271},[75639],{"data":75640,"marks":75641,"value":75643,"nodeType":864},{},[75642],{"type":1455},"You can read more about this problem in our blog post on ghost logins",{"data":75645,"marks":75646,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75648,"content":75649,"nodeType":860},{},[75650],{"data":75651,"marks":75652,"value":75653,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push observes every login made by your employees (both inside and outside SSO) and inspects the authentication protocols used. Accounts that are missing MFA are identified and presented to you in the Push platform.",{"data":75655,"content":75659,"nodeType":996},{"target":75656},{"sys":75657},{"id":75658,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4t1PHxzadoTBjtJua6dzuJ",[],{"data":75661,"content":75662,"nodeType":860},{},[75663],{"data":75664,"marks":75665,"value":75666,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can then use Push to enforce MFA on employee accounts, or present them with in-browser guidance requesting that they enable it themselves.  ",{"data":75668,"content":75672,"nodeType":996},{"target":75669},{"sys":75670},{"id":75671,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3JSTEJGtLT0hfwnkpLRP4K",[],{"data":75674,"content":75675,"nodeType":1312},{},[75676],{"data":75677,"marks":75678,"value":75679,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent multiple accounts being compromised by credential stuffing due to password reuse",{"data":75681,"content":75682,"nodeType":860},{},[75683],{"data":75684,"marks":75685,"value":75686,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The credential stuffing tools that attackers use will target a long list of popular business apps. If a password is reused across multiple apps and is breached, the blast radius is naturally increased – the attacker will be able to hijack multiple accounts, across numerous business applications.",{"data":75688,"content":75689,"nodeType":860},{},[75690],{"data":75691,"marks":75692,"value":75693,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push detects when employees are trying to use the same password across multiple apps. When this happens, you can request that they change their password.",{"data":75695,"content":75699,"nodeType":996},{"target":75696},{"sys":75697},{"id":75698,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7ARHp2JPiHeKRYHwa2jwIZ",[],{"data":75701,"content":75702,"nodeType":1312},{},[75703],{"data":75704,"marks":75705,"value":75706,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent password spraying breaches",{"data":75708,"content":75709,"nodeType":860},{},[75710],{"data":75711,"marks":75712,"value":75713,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To stop your employees’ accounts from being breached by password spraying attacks, Push checks every password to see if it is easily guessable for attackers.",{"data":75715,"content":75716,"nodeType":860},{},[75717],{"data":75718,"marks":75719,"value":75720,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To determine if a password is easily guessable, the Push browser agent automatically checks the password against:",{"data":75722,"content":75723,"nodeType":941},{},[75724,75734,75744],{"data":75725,"content":75726,"nodeType":945},{},[75727],{"data":75728,"content":75729,"nodeType":860},{},[75730],{"data":75731,"marks":75732,"value":75733,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A list of top 10,000 weak base passwords.",{"data":75735,"content":75736,"nodeType":945},{},[75737],{"data":75738,"content":75739,"nodeType":860},{},[75740],{"data":75741,"marks":75742,"value":75743,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Number and special character variations on these weak base passwords, for example: Password1! or January2022.",{"data":75745,"content":75746,"nodeType":945},{},[75747],{"data":75748,"content":75749,"nodeType":860},{},[75750],{"data":75751,"marks":75752,"value":75753,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Variations on these weak base passwords that replace letters with numerals (1337), for example: P455w0rd.",{"data":75755,"content":75756,"nodeType":860},{},[75757],{"data":75758,"marks":75759,"value":75760,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also add your own custom word list that employees and attackers will predictably try and use. Push will then stop those words being used as part of passwords.",{"data":75762,"content":75763,"nodeType":1312},{},[75764],{"data":75765,"marks":75766,"value":75767,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detect unauthorized sessions  ",{"data":75769,"content":75770,"nodeType":860},{},[75771],{"data":75772,"marks":75773,"value":75774,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once you have enabled all the Push controls that prevent employees from creating and using accounts that can be easily compromised by credential stuffing and password spraying attacks, the next line of defense is to detect when accounts are taken over.",{"data":75776,"content":75777,"nodeType":860},{},[75778],{"data":75779,"marks":75780,"value":75781,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push uses its browser agent to inject a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. You then add the list of domains that you want to have injected with the session marker. ",{"data":75783,"content":75784,"nodeType":860},{},[75785],{"data":75786,"marks":75787,"value":75788,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both has the Push marker and that lacks the marker. This indicates that the session is not being used by the legitimate user (your employees) in their usual work browser, and could be an attacker using their account. ",{"data":75790,"content":75791,"nodeType":1312},{},[75792],{"data":75793,"marks":75794,"value":75795,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reduce your identity attack surface",{"data":75797,"content":75798,"nodeType":860},{},[75799],{"data":75800,"marks":75801,"value":75802,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Finally, you’ll likely want to reduce your attack surface that can be targeted by credential stuffing. In other words, reduce the number of username and password accounts your employees have. ",{"data":75804,"content":75805,"nodeType":860},{},[75806],{"data":75807,"marks":75808,"value":75809,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are a few ways that Push can help you do this.",{"data":75811,"content":75812,"nodeType":941},{},[75813,75828,75843],{"data":75814,"content":75815,"nodeType":945},{},[75816],{"data":75817,"content":75818,"nodeType":860},{},[75819,75824],{"data":75820,"marks":75821,"value":75823,"nodeType":864},{},[75822],{"type":899},"Block access to unapproved apps",{"data":75825,"marks":75826,"value":75827,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Using Push, you can create a block list of apps that you don’t want your users to create accounts and identities on.",{"data":75829,"content":75830,"nodeType":945},{},[75831],{"data":75832,"content":75833,"nodeType":860},{},[75834,75839],{"data":75835,"marks":75836,"value":75838,"nodeType":864},{},[75837],{"type":899},"Use app banners to stop users from creating local accounts",{"data":75840,"marks":75841,"value":75842,"nodeType":864},{},[],". When an employee goes to sign up to an app, Push will present an app banner that tells them to use their SSO identity and not to create a username and password account.",{"data":75844,"content":75845,"nodeType":945},{},[75846],{"data":75847,"content":75848,"nodeType":860},{},[75849,75854],{"data":75850,"marks":75851,"value":75853,"nodeType":864},{},[75852],{"type":899},"Get existing accounts and apps behind SSO",{"data":75855,"marks":75856,"value":75857,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Push shows you how your employees are logging in to every account on every app, including whether they’re using SAML or OIDC SSO. Armed with this data, you can get your employees to use your preferred SSO solution on the apps where it’s already available, and look into whether other popular apps being used in the business offer SSO.",{"data":75859,"content":75863,"nodeType":996},{"target":75860},{"sys":75861},{"id":75862,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3y8L55hbcQaRYPCdYYb3xA",[],{"data":75865,"content":75866,"nodeType":1009},{},[75867],{"data":75868,"marks":75869,"value":75870,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stop account takeover at the push of a button",{"data":75872,"content":75873,"nodeType":860},{},[75874,75878,75885,75889,75894,75897,75902,75906,75910],{"data":75875,"marks":75876,"value":75877,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve described a lot of controls in this article. The good news is that they’re all pre-configured on the the ",{"data":75879,"content":75881,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75880},"https://pushsecurity.com/help/audience/administrators/docs/manage-security-controls/#start",[75882],{"data":75883,"marks":75884,"value":40761,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75886,"marks":75887,"value":75888,"nodeType":864},{},[]," page in the Push platform. When you get started with Push, you can simply turn on all the controls you want, and decide whether you want them to work in ",{"data":75890,"marks":75891,"value":75893,"nodeType":864},{},[75892],{"type":899},"monitor",{"data":75895,"marks":75896,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75898,"marks":75899,"value":75901,"nodeType":864},{},[75900],{"type":899},"warn",{"data":75903,"marks":75904,"value":75905,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode or ",{"data":75907,"marks":75908,"value":87,"nodeType":864},{},[75909],{"type":899},{"data":75911,"marks":75912,"value":75913,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode.    ",{"data":75915,"content":75919,"nodeType":996},{"target":75916},{"sys":75917},{"id":75918,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6FCuO78yQMNZvkcbcALmis",[],{"data":75921,"content":75922,"nodeType":1312},{},[75923],{"data":75924,"marks":75925,"value":75926,"nodeType":864},{},[],"See it for yourself",{"data":75928,"content":75929,"nodeType":860},{},[75930,75934,75940],{"data":75931,"marks":75932,"value":75933,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To learn more, ",{"data":75935,"content":75936,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[75937],{"data":75938,"marks":75939,"value":5865,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":75941,"marks":75942,"value":75943,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you these features, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO.",{"data":75945,"content":75949,"nodeType":996},{"target":75946},{"sys":75947},{"id":75948,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4IRtR9zicpB7lXdz2RvIlK",[],{"data":75951,"content":75952,"nodeType":860},{},[75953],{"data":75954,"marks":75955,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hackers don’t hack in, they log in: How to prevent account takeover with Push","How Push stops attackers from using identity attack tools and techniques to compromise your employee user accounts. ","2024-08-19T00:00:00.000Z","how-to-prevent-account-takeover-with-push",{"items":75961},[75962,75964],{"sys":75963,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":75965,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":75967},[75968],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":75969},{"url":4881},{"__typename":2059,"sys":75971,"content":75973,"title":77024,"synopsis":77025,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":77026,"slug":77027,"tagsCollection":77028,"authorsCollection":77034},{"id":75972},"1LxqUNZpD2VynzSqbv719Z",{"json":75974},{"data":75975,"content":75976,"nodeType":856},{},[75977,75995,76002,76009,76016,76023,76026,76033,76120,76127,76134,76141,76156,76176,76183,76186,76193,76200,76206,76223,76247,76254,76261,76293,76324,76331,76349,76356,76363,76370,76378,76385,76414,76420,76437,76468,76475,76493,76500,76507,76525,76532,76539,76542,76549,76556,76563,76566,76573,76580,76587,76606,76738,76745,76748,76755,76762,76863,76870,76877,76880,76887,76894,76945,76952,76959,76962,76968,76975,76993,77012,77018],{"data":75978,"content":75979,"nodeType":860},{},[75980,75984,75991],{"data":75981,"marks":75982,"value":75983,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When we created the ",{"data":75985,"content":75986,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[75987],{"data":75988,"marks":75989,"value":12747,"nodeType":864},{},[75990],{"type":1455},{"data":75992,"marks":75993,"value":75994,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we made a conscious break away from the endpoint-focused techniques captured in industry resources like the MITRE ATT&CK Framework. ",{"data":75996,"content":75997,"nodeType":860},{},[75998],{"data":75999,"marks":76000,"value":76001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At the time, we were anticipating a shift that was yet to fully materialize. But, a lot can change (and has changed) in the space of a year. We’ve seen the impact of SaaS account takeover attacks laid bare. Snowflake, billed one of the biggest breaches in history, is a telling example that we’ll no doubt look back on as a watershed moment. ",{"data":76003,"content":76004,"nodeType":860},{},[76005],{"data":76006,"marks":76007,"value":76008,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It isn’t an exaggeration or marketing fluff to say that identity attacks are the #1 threat facing organizations today. SaaS apps, and the identities that are used to access them, are clearly the weakest link – and therefore the lowest-hanging fruit for attackers to reach for. ",{"data":76010,"content":76011,"nodeType":860},{},[76012],{"data":76013,"marks":76014,"value":76015,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This makes resources like the SaaS attack matrix more relevant than ever – both for red teams seeking to emulate the latest offensive techniques, and blue teams trying to defend against them. Understanding these techniques is essential for building effective defenses, and identifying where new platforms and controls are required to do so. ",{"data":76017,"content":76018,"nodeType":860},{},[76019],{"data":76020,"marks":76021,"value":76022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s take a look at what we’ve learned so far.",{"data":76024,"content":76025,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":76027,"content":76028,"nodeType":1009},{},[76029],{"data":76030,"marks":76031,"value":76032,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hot right now: Initial access techniques",{"data":76034,"content":76035,"nodeType":860},{},[76036,76040,76047,76050,76059,76062,76071,76074,76081,76084,76093,76097,76106,76109,76117],{"data":76037,"marks":76038,"value":76039,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The majority of techniques we've seen rise to prominence in 2023/4 sit predominantly in the initial access phase. Since the matrix first launched, we’ve added more techniques to initial access than any other category, including ",{"data":76041,"content":76042,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[76043],{"data":76044,"marks":76045,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[76046],{"type":1455},{"data":76048,"marks":76049,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76051,"content":76053,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76052},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/aitm_phishing/description.md",[76054],{"data":76055,"marks":76056,"value":76058,"nodeType":864},{},[76057],{"type":1455},"AitM phishing",{"data":76060,"marks":76061,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76063,"content":76065,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76064},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/session_cookie_theft/description.md",[76066],{"data":76067,"marks":76068,"value":76070,"nodeType":864},{},[76069],{"type":1455},"session cookie theft",{"data":76072,"marks":76073,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76075,"content":76076,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40544},[76077],{"data":76078,"marks":76079,"value":40550,"nodeType":864},{},[76080],{"type":1455},{"data":76082,"marks":76083,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76085,"content":76087,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76086},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/guest_access_abuse/description.md",[76088],{"data":76089,"marks":76090,"value":76092,"nodeType":864},{},[76091],{"type":1455},"guest access abuse,",{"data":76094,"marks":76095,"value":76096,"nodeType":864},{},[]," all of which are methods of account takeover – complementing the classics like ",{"data":76098,"content":76100,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76099},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/credential_stuffing/description.md",[76101],{"data":76102,"marks":76103,"value":76105,"nodeType":864},{},[76104],{"type":1455},"credential stuffing",{"data":76107,"marks":76108,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76110,"content":76112,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76111},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/email_phishing/description.md",[76113],{"data":76114,"marks":76115,"value":76116,"nodeType":864},{},[],"email phishing",{"data":76118,"marks":76119,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76121,"content":76122,"nodeType":860},{},[76123],{"data":76124,"marks":76125,"value":76126,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ll spend a bit of time delving into these techniques in the next section, but let’s first consider what this tells us about SaaS attacks. ",{"data":76128,"content":76129,"nodeType":1312},{},[76130],{"data":76131,"marks":76132,"value":76133,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identity attacks are the leading cause of SaaS breaches",{"data":76135,"content":76136,"nodeType":860},{},[76137],{"data":76138,"marks":76139,"value":76140,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The initial identity attack designed to achieve account takeover is the most important part of the SaaS attack chain. The fact that attackers are focused on finding new ways of compromising identities illustrates the value, but also the fragility of the identity controls that most organizations are relying on (which may also be one of the reasons attackers are fixated on it). Whether we’re talking about anti-phishing protections, conditional access policies, or MFA – attackers are continually finding new ways of getting around them.",{"data":76142,"content":76143,"nodeType":860},{},[76144,76148,76153],{"data":76145,"marks":76146,"value":76147,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And, if all an attacker really needs to do to cause harm is log into an app and abuse its legitimate features and functions, there really is no margin for error – you need to successfully stop the initial identity attack ",{"data":76149,"marks":76150,"value":76152,"nodeType":864},{},[76151],{"type":899},"every time",{"data":76154,"marks":76155,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76157,"content":76158,"nodeType":860},{},[76159,76163,76172],{"data":76160,"marks":76161,"value":76162,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can’t rely on your endpoint and network controls to catch them later like you used to. Equally, it’s unlikely that your CASB or DLP solution can stop a legitimate app using legitimate features like ",{"data":76164,"content":76166,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76165},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/shadow_workflows/description.md",[76167],{"data":76168,"marks":76169,"value":76171,"nodeType":864},{},[76170],{"type":1455},"API-based workflows",{"data":76173,"marks":76174,"value":76175,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from sending data to attacker-controlled infrastructure. ",{"data":76177,"content":76178,"nodeType":860},{},[76179],{"data":76180,"marks":76181,"value":76182,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s a classic case of attackers only needing to win once. And right now, it’s a numbers game that they’re winning enough to keep them coming back for more. ",{"data":76184,"content":76185,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":76187,"content":76188,"nodeType":1009},{},[76189],{"data":76190,"marks":76191,"value":76192,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most wanted: Techniques gaining notoriety in the wild",{"data":76194,"content":76195,"nodeType":860},{},[76196],{"data":76197,"marks":76198,"value":76199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s take a closer look at some of the techniques we’ve seen rise to prominence in 2023/4. ",{"data":76201,"content":76202,"nodeType":1312},{},[76203],{"data":76204,"marks":76205,"value":395,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76207,"content":76208,"nodeType":860},{},[76209,76212,76219],{"data":76210,"marks":76211,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76213,"content":76214,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[76215],{"data":76216,"marks":76217,"value":395,"nodeType":864},{},[76218],{"type":1455},{"data":76220,"marks":76221,"value":76222,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is a technique that exploits the fact that SaaS user accounts often enable multiple simultaneous logins using different sign-in methods. ",{"data":76224,"content":76225,"nodeType":860},{},[76226,76230,76235,76238,76243],{"data":76227,"marks":76228,"value":76229,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins can be used for both the ",{"data":76231,"marks":76232,"value":76234,"nodeType":864},{},[76233],{"type":899},"initial access",{"data":76236,"marks":76237,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76239,"marks":76240,"value":76242,"nodeType":864},{},[76241],{"type":899},"persistence",{"data":76244,"marks":76245,"value":76246,"nodeType":864},{},[]," stages of a cyber attack, doubling up as a defense evasion technique because of low login method visibility.",{"data":76248,"content":76249,"nodeType":860},{},[76250],{"data":76251,"marks":76252,"value":76253,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For initial access, the technique exploits the fact that local and SSO logins can exist simultaneously. Given that many apps are self-adopted by users, it’s likely that many users will default to a local username and password login at this stage. If the app is later adopted companywide and brought into SSO, the original local login will continue to exist unless explicitly disabled or deleted. ",{"data":76255,"content":76256,"nodeType":860},{},[76257],{"data":76258,"marks":76259,"value":76260,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because MFA is applied at the app and IdP level independently, it is possible to end up with an SSO login that requires MFA (via the IdP login), but a local login that does not. This creates an easy target identity for attackers to look for. When combined with other identity vulnerabilities such as weak, breached, and/or reused passwords, attackers can easily automate ghost login discovery and exploitation at scale.  ",{"data":76262,"content":76263,"nodeType":860},{},[76264,76268,76276,76280,76289],{"data":76265,"marks":76266,"value":76267,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We saw the impact of ghost logins for initial access with ",{"data":76269,"content":76270,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13277},[76271],{"data":76272,"marks":76273,"value":76275,"nodeType":864},{},[76274],{"type":1455},"the recent ShinyHunters campaign against Snowflake customers",{"data":76277,"marks":76278,"value":76279,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Because Snowflake accounts did not require mandatory MFA for accounts, or give admins the ability to enforce MFA by default, attackers were able to find and exploit a large number of Snowflake accounts using breached credentials from historical data breach dumps. Much of the industry response focused on ensuring SSO and MFA were deployed, but ",{"data":76281,"content":76283,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76282},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/video/demonstrating-ghost-logins-in-snowflake-and-how-to-remediate-them/",[76284],{"data":76285,"marks":76286,"value":76288,"nodeType":864},{},[76287],{"type":1455},"the practicalities of gathering data and manually unsetting local passwords in Snowflake",{"data":76290,"marks":76291,"value":76292,"nodeType":864},{},[]," meant that ghost logins were easy to overlook by organizations responding to the attacks.   ",{"data":76294,"content":76295,"nodeType":860},{},[76296,76300,76308,76312,76320],{"data":76297,"marks":76298,"value":76299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ghost logins can also be created after an attacker has established access to an app. For example, if a social login is used to access an account, an adversary may be able to configure a separate username/password login, or even (though much less commonly) connect a second social account that the adversary controls. If the account has sufficient privileges, it may also be possible to ",{"data":76301,"content":76302,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38988},[76303],{"data":76304,"marks":76305,"value":76307,"nodeType":864},{},[76306],{"type":1455},"set up or change the SAML login settings to inject a malicious URL",{"data":76309,"marks":76310,"value":76311,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (for example to an attacker controlled tenant) or simply ",{"data":76313,"content":76314,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34597},[76315],{"data":76316,"marks":76317,"value":76319,"nodeType":864},{},[76318],{"type":1455},"configure API access",{"data":76321,"marks":76322,"value":76323,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to forgo the need to log in entirely. ",{"data":76325,"content":76326,"nodeType":1312},{},[76327],{"data":76328,"marks":76329,"value":76330,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing ",{"data":76332,"content":76333,"nodeType":860},{},[76334,76337,76345],{"data":76335,"marks":76336,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76338,"content":76339,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76052},[76340],{"data":76341,"marks":76342,"value":76344,"nodeType":864},{},[76343],{"type":1455},"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing",{"data":76346,"marks":76347,"value":76348,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is a newer variant of phishing that uses dedicated tooling to act as a web proxy between the victim and a legitimate login portal for an application the victim has access to, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection (with the victim responding to the MFA request as part of the attack).",{"data":76350,"content":76351,"nodeType":860},{},[76352],{"data":76353,"marks":76354,"value":76355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. For example, if accessing their webmail, the user will see all their real emails; if accessing their cloud file store then all their real files will be present, etc. ",{"data":76357,"content":76358,"nodeType":860},{},[76359],{"data":76360,"marks":76361,"value":76362,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This gives AitM an increased sense of authenticity and makes the compromise less obvious to the user. Because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions and take control of the authenticated session. ",{"data":76364,"content":76365,"nodeType":860},{},[76366],{"data":76367,"marks":76368,"value":76369,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside AitM phishing is Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM), really a form of sub-technique. Rather than act as a reverse web proxy, this technique tricks a target into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser remotely using desktop screen sharing and control approaches (such as VNC and RDP). ",{"data":76371,"content":76372,"nodeType":860},{},[76373],{"data":76374,"marks":76375,"value":76377,"nodeType":864},{},[76376],{"type":899},"This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to login to Okta for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards.",{"data":76379,"content":76380,"nodeType":860},{},[76381],{"data":76382,"marks":76383,"value":76384,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A growing majority of modern phishing attacks typically leverage AitM or BitM tooling – they are now the standard choice for threat actors, offering the ability to bypass MFA without any real tradeoff. ",{"data":76386,"content":76387,"nodeType":860},{},[76388,76392,76400,76403,76411],{"data":76389,"marks":76390,"value":76391,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For more information you can ",{"data":76393,"content":76394,"nodeType":883},{"uri":29132},[76395],{"data":76396,"marks":76397,"value":76399,"nodeType":864},{},[76398],{"type":1455},"read our recent blog post",{"data":76401,"marks":76402,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76404,"content":76405,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75243},[76406],{"data":76407,"marks":76408,"value":76410,"nodeType":864},{},[76409],{"type":1455},"watch our on-demand webinar on Phishing 2.0 to see AitM and BitM tools like Evilginx and EvilnoVNC in action",{"data":76412,"marks":76413,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76415,"content":76416,"nodeType":1312},{},[76417],{"data":76418,"marks":76419,"value":333,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76421,"content":76422,"nodeType":860},{},[76423,76426,76433],{"data":76424,"marks":76425,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76427,"content":76428,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76099},[76429],{"data":76430,"marks":76431,"value":333,"nodeType":864},{},[76432],{"type":1455},{"data":76434,"marks":76435,"value":76436,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks continue to pose a risk to organizations. Despite the fact that MFA has now become an expected control, accounts without MFA continue to be hacked as a result of using weak, reused, and/or previously breached credentials. ",{"data":76438,"content":76439,"nodeType":860},{},[76440,76444,76452,76456,76465],{"data":76441,"marks":76442,"value":76443,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credential stuffing is being fed by an increase in the number of ",{"data":76445,"content":76447,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76446},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/what-the-rise-of-infostealers-says-about-identity-attacks/?utm_source=ebook&utm_medium=organic",[76448],{"data":76449,"marks":76450,"value":423,"nodeType":864},{},[76451],{"type":1455},{"data":76453,"marks":76454,"value":76455,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks designed to harvest credentials to be sold on criminal marketplaces. Infostealers have been boosted by the success of the Snowflake attacks (",{"data":76457,"content":76459,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76458},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/identity-attacks-in-the-wild/#id-snowflake-june-2024?utm_source=ebook&utm_medium=organic",[76460],{"data":76461,"marks":76462,"value":76464,"nodeType":864},{},[76463],{"type":1455},"where 80% of the credentials used to access accounts could be traced back to infostealer infections dating back to 2020",{"data":76466,"marks":76467,"value":8250,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76469,"content":76470,"nodeType":1312},{},[76471],{"data":76472,"marks":76473,"value":76474,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Session cookie theft",{"data":76476,"content":76477,"nodeType":860},{},[76478,76481,76489],{"data":76479,"marks":76480,"value":34412,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76482,"content":76483,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76064},[76484],{"data":76485,"marks":76486,"value":76488,"nodeType":864},{},[76487],{"type":1455},"targeting session cookies",{"data":76490,"marks":76491,"value":76492,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to be able to hijack live user sessions as a means of getting around MFA. Although session cookies are predominantly stolen via infostealers, techniques like AitM and BitM phishing described above are also methods of stealing session cookies and hijacking sessions.",{"data":76494,"content":76495,"nodeType":860},{},[76496],{"data":76497,"marks":76498,"value":76499,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the majority of infostealer data dumps result in credential stuffing attacks rather than session hijacking, as the infostealer marketplace continues to heat up, it’s likely that more instances of session cookie theft will be the cause of breaches going forward. ",{"data":76501,"content":76502,"nodeType":1312},{},[76503],{"data":76504,"marks":76505,"value":76506,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA downgrade",{"data":76508,"content":76509,"nodeType":860},{},[76510,76514,76521],{"data":76511,"marks":76512,"value":76513,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While many organizations are waking up to the fact that it’s not enough to have any old MFA method, it’s still often overlooked that you need to actually remove or disable the phishable methods. Otherwise, in many cases they remain valid, opening affected identities up to ",{"data":76515,"content":76516,"nodeType":883},{"uri":40544},[76517],{"data":76518,"marks":76519,"value":76506,"nodeType":864},{},[76520],{"type":1455},{"data":76522,"marks":76523,"value":76524,"nodeType":864},{},[]," attacks. ",{"data":76526,"content":76527,"nodeType":860},{},[76528],{"data":76529,"marks":76530,"value":76531,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Just because a user has a phishing-resistant factor setup (such as passkeys) and may use them by default, it does not mean they are necessarily enforced. Often, services support the use of multiple authentication options, particularly for second factors. In particular, passkeys are device-bound and so enforcing their use prevents logins from other devices and can cause recovery issues in a lost/broken device scenario. Therefore, it’s common for the default case to be that passkey authentication is optional, rather than required.",{"data":76533,"content":76534,"nodeType":860},{},[76535],{"data":76536,"marks":76537,"value":76538,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When used in combination with AitM phishing tools, it’s possible for attackers to modify requests/responses so as to prevent the ability of passkeys to be selected as a login option and prompting the user to use vulnerable factors, such as passwords, TOTPs and push notifications instead. Since the server-side supports other authentication options, if the user continues and enters one of these alternative factors then their authenticated session will be compromised – despite the fact they usually use phishing-resistant MFA methods like passkeys or similar.",{"data":76540,"content":76541,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":76543,"content":76544,"nodeType":1009},{},[76545],{"data":76546,"marks":76547,"value":76548,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use case inspo: How red teamers are using the SaaS attack matrix",{"data":76550,"content":76551,"nodeType":860},{},[76552],{"data":76553,"marks":76554,"value":76555,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The techniques that advanced red teams are using to (ethically) hack into their clients are always a good indicator of what direction hackers in the real world are headed.  ",{"data":76557,"content":76558,"nodeType":860},{},[76559],{"data":76560,"marks":76561,"value":76562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We spoke to a few of the best red teams around to see how they are using the matrix: Let’s see what they had to say. ",{"data":76564,"content":76565,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":76567,"content":76568,"nodeType":1312},{},[76569],{"data":76570,"marks":76571,"value":76572,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Rob Maslen | Managing Principal Consultant | MDSec",{"data":76574,"content":76575,"nodeType":860},{},[76576],{"data":76577,"marks":76578,"value":76579,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“We use the matrix throughout our engagements: When scoping and proposing projects to clients, during testing to assist our consultants in successfully utilizing novel SaaS-attack techniques, and for reporting to provide a common language across the vendors that they work with. ",{"data":76581,"content":76582,"nodeType":860},{},[76583],{"data":76584,"marks":76585,"value":76586,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s been most useful to us when performing engagements on more modern Zero Trust Environments where macOS is predominantly the Operating System of choice. The objectives tend to be either access to critical applications that reside within the cloud and require the compromise of SaaS credentials, or to gain privileged access to a SaaS application. Whilst resources like the MITRE ATT&CK Framework can help to describe the techniques that have been used against a more traditional environment, the SaaS Matrix aids with performing and describing attacks against a more modern infrastructure.  ",{"data":76588,"content":76589,"nodeType":860},{},[76590,76594,76602],{"data":76591,"marks":76592,"value":76593,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The technique we’ve seen most success with, across both traditional Active Directory attacks and more modern Zero Trust Environments, is ",{"data":76595,"content":76596,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76064},[76597],{"data":76598,"marks":76599,"value":76601,"nodeType":864},{},[76600],{"type":1455},"Session Cookie Theft",{"data":76603,"marks":76604,"value":76605,"nodeType":864},{},[],". The protection of browser cookies (for inexplicable reasons) has had less engineering attention than it should have, opening up opportunities for lateral movement using session cookies, credentials, or API keys recovered from a host becomes a key technique. In our experience defensive tooling has yet to catch up with this threat. ",{"data":76607,"content":76608,"nodeType":860},{},[76609,76613,76622,76625,76634,76637,76646,76649,76656,76659,76666,76669,76677,76680,76688,76691,76700,76703,76710,76714,76723,76726,76735],{"data":76610,"marks":76611,"value":76612,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve also seen success with various techniques across Kill Chain stages, including ",{"data":76614,"content":76616,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76615},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/subdomain_tenant_discovery/description.md",[76617],{"data":76618,"marks":76619,"value":76621,"nodeType":864},{},[76620],{"type":1455},"Subdomain tenant discovery",{"data":76623,"marks":76624,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76626,"content":76628,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76627},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/dns_reconnaissance/description.md",[76629],{"data":76630,"marks":76631,"value":76633,"nodeType":864},{},[76632],{"type":1455},"DNS reconnaissance",{"data":76635,"marks":76636,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76638,"content":76640,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76639},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/username_enumeration/description.md",[76641],{"data":76642,"marks":76643,"value":76645,"nodeType":864},{},[76644],{"type":1455},"username enumeration",{"data":76647,"marks":76648,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76650,"content":76651,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22555},[76652],{"data":76653,"marks":76654,"value":22561,"nodeType":864},{},[76655],{"type":1455},{"data":76657,"marks":76658,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76660,"content":76661,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22567},[76662],{"data":76663,"marks":76664,"value":17576,"nodeType":864},{},[76665],{"type":1455},{"data":76667,"marks":76668,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76670,"content":76671,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76086},[76672],{"data":76673,"marks":76674,"value":76676,"nodeType":864},{},[76675],{"type":1455},"guest access abuse",{"data":76678,"marks":76679,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76681,"content":76682,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76165},[76683],{"data":76684,"marks":76685,"value":76687,"nodeType":864},{},[76686],{"type":1455},"shadow workflows",{"data":76689,"marks":76690,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76692,"content":76694,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76693},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/oauth_tokens/description.md",[76695],{"data":76696,"marks":76697,"value":76699,"nodeType":864},{},[76698],{"type":1455},"OAuth tokens",{"data":76701,"marks":76702,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76704,"content":76705,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34597},[76706],{"data":76707,"marks":76708,"value":34603,"nodeType":864},{},[76709],{"type":1455},{"data":76711,"marks":76712,"value":76713,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (as long as you ensure the target isn't notified – make sure you delete the notification of creation email!), ",{"data":76715,"content":76717,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76716},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/api_secret_theft/description.md",[76718],{"data":76719,"marks":76720,"value":76722,"nodeType":864},{},[76721],{"type":1455},"API secret theft",{"data":76724,"marks":76725,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76727,"content":76729,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76728},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_backdooring/description.md",[76730],{"data":76731,"marks":76732,"value":76734,"nodeType":864},{},[76733],{"type":1455},"link backdooring",{"data":76736,"marks":76737,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76739,"content":76740,"nodeType":860},{},[76741],{"data":76742,"marks":76743,"value":76744,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Embracing the modern Zero Trust architecture with its greater SaaS usage does not come without security risks, and while it does invalidate a large number of the attacks that can be performed within an AD environment, the SaaS attack matrix is a great way of illustrating how these attacks work, as well as helping red and blue teams respectively to simulate and defend against them.\" ",{"data":76746,"content":76747,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":76749,"content":76750,"nodeType":1312},{},[76751],{"data":76752,"marks":76753,"value":76754,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Tom Ellson | Head of Offensive Security | Stripe OLT",{"data":76756,"content":76757,"nodeType":860},{},[76758],{"data":76759,"marks":76760,"value":76761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“We've used the SaaS attack matrix across several cloud-native engagements, for both initial access and lateral movement. My go-to techniques so far have been:",{"data":76763,"content":76764,"nodeType":941},{},[76765,76792,76814,76836],{"data":76766,"content":76767,"nodeType":945},{},[76768],{"data":76769,"content":76770,"nodeType":860},{},[76771,76774,76784,76788],{"data":76772,"marks":76773,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76775,"content":76777,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76776},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_phishing/description.md",[76778],{"data":76779,"marks":76780,"value":76783,"nodeType":864},{},[76781,76782],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"IM phishing:",{"data":76785,"marks":76786,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[76787],{"type":899},{"data":76789,"marks":76790,"value":76791,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing via Microsoft Teams in particular has been highly successful, especially when paired with a number of abusable “features” (working as intended, clearly). ",{"data":76793,"content":76794,"nodeType":945},{},[76795],{"data":76796,"content":76797,"nodeType":860},{},[76798,76801,76810],{"data":76799,"marks":76800,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76802,"content":76803,"nodeType":883},{"uri":22567},[76804],{"data":76805,"marks":76806,"value":76809,"nodeType":864},{},[76807,76808],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"Device code phishing:",{"data":76811,"marks":76812,"value":76813,"nodeType":864},{},[]," We use this for both initial access and persistence. It’s a great way of getting around MFA by tricking the victim into following the device approval process for our device, but using their device. ",{"data":76815,"content":76816,"nodeType":945},{},[76817],{"data":76818,"content":76819,"nodeType":860},{},[76820,76823,76832],{"data":76821,"marks":76822,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76824,"content":76825,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76052},[76826],{"data":76827,"marks":76828,"value":76831,"nodeType":864},{},[76829,76830],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"AitM phishing:",{"data":76833,"marks":76834,"value":76835,"nodeType":864},{},[]," This is now a staple for credential harvesting. Better security controls force us to abuse other avenues to bypass conditional access policies, such as extraction of the PRT token from the end user device, thus granting us claimed access, which can be achieved using AitM and BitM techniques.",{"data":76837,"content":76838,"nodeType":945},{},[76839],{"data":76840,"content":76841,"nodeType":860},{},[76842,76845,76855,76859],{"data":76843,"marks":76844,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76846,"content":76848,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76847},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/oauth_token_enumeration/description.md",[76849],{"data":76850,"marks":76851,"value":76854,"nodeType":864},{},[76852,76853],{"type":1455},{"type":899},"OAuth token enumeration:",{"data":76856,"marks":76857,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[76858],{"type":899},{"data":76860,"marks":76861,"value":76862,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once an account has been compromised, the Myapps portal is commonly used to validate the accessible applications and further target downstream apps to access data and functionality. ",{"data":76864,"content":76865,"nodeType":860},{},[76866],{"data":76867,"marks":76868,"value":76869,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re usually targeting M365 environments but have still found these attack techniques to be highly effective. In some cases, we’ve leveraged other SaaS applications such as abusing in-app phishing via GitHub to compromise development pipelines. The matrix is particularly useful as a playbook of further attacks once initial access has been established. Even just the awareness of how to pivot from SaaS to SaaS (and sometimes back to Microsoft or Google) is really eye-opening for red teams, and adds a new dimension to the security testing that our clients are used to experiencing. ",{"data":76871,"content":76872,"nodeType":860},{},[76873],{"data":76874,"marks":76875,"value":76876,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Because of the success of using these methods, we’ve now incorporated the SaaS attack matrix techniques into our purple teaming methodology to ensure that our clients can build awareness of their detection visibility gaps when it comes to identity attacks, and are routinely benchmarked against them.”  ",{"data":76878,"content":76879,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":76881,"content":76882,"nodeType":1312},{},[76883],{"data":76884,"marks":76885,"value":76886,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Max Corbridge | Head of Adversarial Simulation | JUMPSEC",{"data":76888,"content":76889,"nodeType":860},{},[76890],{"data":76891,"marks":76892,"value":76893,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“I’ve been a big fan of the matrix from day one. We use it for two main purposes – as a catalog of TTPs to apply during threat modeling exercises with cloud-native clients, and as a guide for how to apply novel TTPs to different apps and situations. The wiki descriptions, video demonstrations and references help enormously with this. ",{"data":76895,"content":76896,"nodeType":860},{},[76897,76901,76909,76912,76919,76922,76931,76934,76941],{"data":76898,"marks":76899,"value":76900,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve mostly relied on ",{"data":76902,"content":76903,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76776},[76904],{"data":76905,"marks":76906,"value":76908,"nodeType":864},{},[76907],{"type":1455},"IM phishing",{"data":76910,"marks":76911,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76913,"content":76914,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76052},[76915],{"data":76916,"marks":76917,"value":76058,"nodeType":864},{},[76918],{"type":1455},{"data":76920,"marks":76921,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76923,"content":76925,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76924},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/abuse_existing_oauth_integrations/description.md",[76926],{"data":76927,"marks":76928,"value":76930,"nodeType":864},{},[76929],{"type":1455},"abusing OAuth integrations",{"data":76932,"marks":76933,"value":2232,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76935,"content":76936,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35843},[76937],{"data":76938,"marks":76939,"value":35849,"nodeType":864},{},[76940],{"type":1455},{"data":76942,"marks":76943,"value":76944,"nodeType":864},{},[],". In one recent engagement, we were able to compromise a cloud identity with limited permissions in the target Azure environment. We were able to enumerate additional OAuth integrations to laterally move to a third-party IT Service Management SaaS application, which presented a much easier target to elevate privileges. We actually ended up finding a number of 0-days in the application, which we then used as a trusted platform to launch a covert spear-phishing campaign against specific high-privilege users, communicating back-and-forth as though we were a genuine support team, and hiding risky changes to cover our tracks. Ultimately we were able to pivot back into the target Azure estate, but now with administrative privileges. ",{"data":76946,"content":76947,"nodeType":860},{},[76948],{"data":76949,"marks":76950,"value":76951,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This really shows how third-party identities and apps are often the soft underbelly for a lot of otherwise pretty secure orgs that we work with, and we’re enjoying the challenge of finding new ways of getting to the crown jewels. ",{"data":76953,"content":76954,"nodeType":860},{},[76955],{"data":76956,"marks":76957,"value":76958,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In my eyes the world of cloud and SaaS-native attack techniques is under-researched for how increasingly relevant it is becoming. Many of the older TTPs and tradecraft are no longer relevant in a cloud-native world, and even when the techniques are consistent with the ways we used to target networks and endpoints, the context and how it actually works is completely different. So, resources like the SaaS attack matrix will continue to be needed for both offensive and defensive security practitioners going forwards”.",{"data":76960,"content":76961,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":76963,"content":76964,"nodeType":1009},{},[76965],{"data":76966,"marks":76967,"value":48991,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":76969,"content":76970,"nodeType":860},{},[76971],{"data":76972,"marks":76973,"value":76974,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Hopefully you're now feeling inspired to get involved and start applying the SaaS attack matrix yourself. And if you’ve been using the matrix and want to share your experience with us, we’d love to hear from you. ",{"data":76976,"content":76977,"nodeType":860},{},[76978,76982,76989],{"data":76979,"marks":76980,"value":76981,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We hope to see your comments, discussions, or PRs on ",{"data":76983,"content":76984,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[76985],{"data":76986,"marks":76987,"value":13400,"nodeType":864},{},[76988],{"type":1455},{"data":76990,"marks":76991,"value":76992,"nodeType":864},{},[],"!",{"data":76994,"content":76995,"nodeType":860},{},[76996,77000,77009],{"data":76997,"marks":76998,"value":76999,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If this has piqued your interest, we’ve just released a 2024 edition of our SaaS attacks report: ",{"data":77001,"content":77003,"nodeType":883},{"uri":77002},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/book/saas-attacks-report/",[77004],{"data":77005,"marks":77006,"value":77008,"nodeType":864},{},[77007],{"type":1455},"get your copy here",{"data":77010,"marks":77011,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":77013,"content":77017,"nodeType":996},{"target":77014},{"sys":77015},{"id":77016,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"J11G6XCdDAYu0GQbKGCnm",[],{"data":77019,"content":77020,"nodeType":860},{},[77021],{"data":77022,"marks":77023,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SaaS attack matrix: A year in review","It’s been almost exactly a year since we released our open source repository of SaaS-native attack techniques. Let's reflect on what’s changed. ","2024-08-27T00:00:00.000Z","the-saas-attack-matrix-one-year-on",{"items":77029},[77030,77032],{"sys":77031,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":77033,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":77035},[77036],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":77037},{"url":2740},"shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-threat-detection","blog/shifting-detection-left-for-more-effective-threat-detection",{"json":77041},{"data":77042,"content":77043,"nodeType":856},{},[77044],{"data":77045,"content":77046,"nodeType":860},{},[77047],{"data":77048,"marks":77049,"value":77050,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is the second blog in our series looking at the ‘why’ behind the ‘what’ at Push. In this entry, we’re exploring the idea of shifting detection and response left in the face of modern attacks. ","Why relying on post-compromise detection and response is no longer an option for modern browser-based 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Not just effective against the hand-wavy concept of “SaaS attacks,” but specific techniques — the most common techniques that are likely to cause real damage.",{"data":81395,"content":81396,"nodeType":860},{},[81397],{"data":81398,"marks":81399,"value":81400,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To talk about this, we need to have a shared understanding of what these techniques are. To get that conversation going, we’ve pulled together all the techniques we're aware of, and our research team has even added a bunch of new ones.",{"data":81402,"content":81403,"nodeType":1009},{},[81404],{"data":81405,"marks":81406,"value":81407,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SaaS attack matrix",{"data":81409,"content":81410,"nodeType":860},{},[81411],{"data":81412,"marks":81413,"value":81414,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve taken inspiration from the MITRE ATT&CK framework (certainly intended as the sincerest form of flattery), but wanted to make a conscious break away from the endpoint-focused ATT&CK techniques and instead focus on techniques that are SaaS-specific. In fact, these techniques don’t touch endpoints (so they bypass EDR) or customer networks (so they bypass network detection) — so we’re calling them networkless attacks.",{"data":81416,"content":81420,"nodeType":996},{"target":81417},{"sys":81418},{"id":81419,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"768Zv5gTVHyu5rbzJAzL4F",[],{"data":81422,"content":81423,"nodeType":860},{},[81424,81428,81435],{"data":81425,"marks":81426,"value":81427,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can find more detailed descriptions of these techniques (and hopefully PRs for some we missed) on ",{"data":81429,"content":81430,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[81431],{"data":81432,"marks":81433,"value":13400,"nodeType":864},{},[81434],{"type":1455},{"data":81436,"marks":81437,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":81439,"content":81440,"nodeType":860},{},[81441],{"data":81442,"marks":81443,"value":81444,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since we’re not targeting endpoints, let’s talk about the new targets: The accounts/identities on SaaS apps. We found it was useful to think about these identities not as standalone isolated islands — but much more like a graph; less a single web-server on the internet and more like many Windows endpoints on an Active Directory. ",{"data":81446,"content":81447,"nodeType":860},{},[81448,81452,81460,81463,81472,81476,81484],{"data":81449,"marks":81450,"value":81451,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can leverage this access to an identity on a trusted platform to target (so laterally move or escalate privilege to) other users or identities. For example, attacks like using access to SaaS apps to ",{"data":81453,"content":81454,"nodeType":883},{"uri":60883},[81455],{"data":81456,"marks":81457,"value":81459,"nodeType":864},{},[81458],{"type":1455},"phish other employees through comments",{"data":81461,"marks":81462,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":81464,"content":81466,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81465},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/im_user_spoofing/description.md",[81467],{"data":81468,"marks":81469,"value":81471,"nodeType":864},{},[81470],{"type":1455},"spoofing users on IM platforms",{"data":81473,"marks":81474,"value":81475,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to social engineer them there — or perhaps ",{"data":81477,"content":81478,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76728},[81479],{"data":81480,"marks":81481,"value":81483,"nodeType":864},{},[81482],{"type":1455},"backdooring links",{"data":81485,"marks":81486,"value":81487,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in documents.",{"data":81489,"content":81490,"nodeType":860},{},[81491],{"data":81492,"marks":81493,"value":81494,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, unusually, it’s not the data in these hundreds of SaaS apps that create risk, and you need to consider low-risk (from a data perspective) apps as a vector to pivot to higher-risk apps in your estate.",{"data":81496,"content":81497,"nodeType":1312},{},[81498],{"data":81499,"marks":81500,"value":81501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Initial access and poisoned tenants",{"data":81503,"content":81504,"nodeType":860},{},[81505,81509,81516,81519,81526,81530,81538],{"data":81506,"marks":81507,"value":81508,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attacks like ",{"data":81510,"content":81511,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76099},[81512],{"data":81513,"marks":81514,"value":76105,"nodeType":864},{},[81515],{"type":1455},{"data":81517,"marks":81518,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":81520,"content":81521,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76111},[81522],{"data":81523,"marks":81524,"value":76116,"nodeType":864},{},[81525],{"type":1455},{"data":81527,"marks":81528,"value":81529,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that get you initial access to SaaS apps are fairly well known — because they work and are widely used. We’re also starting to see tools and attacks that suggest that ",{"data":81531,"content":81532,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76776},[81533],{"data":81534,"marks":81535,"value":81537,"nodeType":864},{},[81536],{"type":1455},"phishing employees through these IM apps",{"data":81539,"marks":81540,"value":81541,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is about to go mainstream.",{"data":81543,"content":81544,"nodeType":860},{},[81545,81549,81558],{"data":81546,"marks":81547,"value":81548,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another interesting attack is a spin on the classic waterhole attack called a ",{"data":81550,"content":81552,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81551},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/poisoned_tenants/description.md",[81553],{"data":81554,"marks":81555,"value":81557,"nodeType":864},{},[81556],{"type":1455},"poisoned tenant",{"data":81559,"marks":81560,"value":81561,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Rather than attacking a customer tenant for a SaaS app, the attacker lures employees into joining an attacker-controlled tenant. ",{"data":81563,"content":81564,"nodeType":860},{},[81565],{"data":81566,"marks":81567,"value":81568,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS apps allow anyone to name app tenants (a.k.a. spaces, teams, or instances) anything they like — including your company name. Attackers send invites to your employees from within the app with a customized message explaining why they should join this new tenant (or sign up to the app if they are not already a user). ",{"data":81570,"content":81571,"nodeType":860},{},[81572],{"data":81573,"marks":81574,"value":81575,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers might even pay for premium licenses in the app to further entice employees to join. The attacker then waits for the employee to upload sensitive data or create integrations with other company apps containing crown jewels.",{"data":81577,"content":81578,"nodeType":1312},{},[81579],{"data":81580,"marks":81581,"value":81582,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Living-off-the-(SaaS)-land to persist and avoid detection",{"data":81584,"content":81585,"nodeType":860},{},[81586,81590,81599],{"data":81587,"marks":81588,"value":81589,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the endpoint world, a favorite technique is the use of legit OS utilities or ",{"data":81591,"content":81593,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81592},"https://lolbas-project.github.io",[81594],{"data":81595,"marks":81596,"value":81598,"nodeType":864},{},[81597],{"type":1455},"LOLBaS",{"data":81600,"marks":81601,"value":81602,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (Living-Off-the-Land Binaries and Scripts), which are often signed Microsoft utilities. Perhaps the most well-known example is executing scripts through PowerShell rather than building custom malware. That isn’t as useful these days, but there was a time when PowerShell was routinely used to bypass AV, EDR, and even app allow-listing.",{"data":81604,"content":81605,"nodeType":860},{},[81606,81610,81617],{"data":81607,"marks":81608,"value":81609,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In that same living-off-the-land mindset, an attacker trying to maintain access to each SaaS app they compromise using custom OAuth integration apps might instead choose to use legit SaaS apps that specialize in workflow automation to create ",{"data":81611,"content":81612,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76165},[81613],{"data":81614,"marks":81615,"value":76687,"nodeType":864},{},[81616],{"type":1455},{"data":81618,"marks":81619,"value":81620,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Utilizing legit SaaS apps also means they can hide in plain sight from incident responders, instead of having to rely on unverified or unpublished integrations.",{"data":81622,"content":81623,"nodeType":860},{},[81624],{"data":81625,"marks":81626,"value":81627,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Perhaps the best example here is using a well-known automation app like Zapier, which claims to have more than 5,000 integrations. These integrations are often verified, approved, and connected to a trusted vendor (Zapier). An attacker might create workflows to:",{"data":81629,"content":81630,"nodeType":941},{},[81631,81641,81651],{"data":81632,"content":81633,"nodeType":945},{},[81634],{"data":81635,"content":81636,"nodeType":860},{},[81637],{"data":81638,"marks":81639,"value":81640,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do daily data exfiltration from a victim’s data lake.",{"data":81642,"content":81643,"nodeType":945},{},[81644],{"data":81645,"content":81646,"nodeType":860},{},[81647],{"data":81648,"marks":81649,"value":81650,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Configure a webhook that adds malicious accounts to a Github repo on demand.",{"data":81652,"content":81653,"nodeType":945},{},[81654],{"data":81655,"content":81656,"nodeType":860},{},[81657],{"data":81658,"marks":81659,"value":81660,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Automatically find and replace bank account numbers in emails to the finance team.",{"data":81662,"content":81663,"nodeType":860},{},[81664],{"data":81665,"marks":81666,"value":81667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"All appear as legitimate Zapier integrations. But, before you put in alerts specifically for Zapier, know that it’s one of dozens of apps that support these kinds of offensive workflows.",{"data":81669,"content":81670,"nodeType":860},{},[81671,81675,81683],{"data":81672,"marks":81673,"value":81674,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A sneaky attacker might go further and use an ",{"data":81676,"content":81677,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34585},[81678],{"data":81679,"marks":81680,"value":81682,"nodeType":864},{},[81681],{"type":1455},"evil twin integration",{"data":81684,"marks":81685,"value":81686,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to make another instance of an existing integration — making this backdoor almost impossible to discover.",{"data":81688,"content":81689,"nodeType":1312},{},[81690],{"data":81691,"marks":81692,"value":81693,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Features or vulnerabilities?",{"data":81695,"content":81696,"nodeType":860},{},[81697],{"data":81698,"marks":81699,"value":81700,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When looking for attack techniques, you’re typically going after features that have weaknesses you can abuse rather than bugs in a single app that will be patched. ",{"data":81702,"content":81703,"nodeType":860},{},[81704,81708,81717,81720,81727],{"data":81705,"marks":81706,"value":81707,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s pretty common for SaaS apps to skip email verification or allow multiple simultaneous authentication methods. Both of these are conscious design choices in the name of lowering the friction of account creation and reducing customer support. However, these features make techniques like ",{"data":81709,"content":81711,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81710},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/account_ambushing/description.md",[81712],{"data":81713,"marks":81714,"value":81716,"nodeType":864},{},[81715],{"type":1455},"account ambushing",{"data":81718,"marks":81719,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":81721,"content":81722,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[81723],{"data":81724,"marks":81725,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[81726],{"type":1455},{"data":81728,"marks":81729,"value":81730,"nodeType":864},{},[]," possible. If these attacks become widespread, these might come to be seen more as bugs rather than a positive feature for users.",{"data":81732,"content":81733,"nodeType":860},{},[81734,81738,81747],{"data":81735,"marks":81736,"value":81737,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In other cases, the bugs are serious enough and hard enough to patch that they’re worth noting as a technique. The recently disclosed (and perfectly named) ",{"data":81739,"content":81741,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81740},"https://www.descope.com/blog/post/noauth",[81742],{"data":81743,"marks":81744,"value":81746,"nodeType":864},{},[81745],{"type":1455},"nOAuth",{"data":81748,"marks":81749,"value":81750,"nodeType":864},{},[]," bug fits this bill. ",{"data":81752,"content":81753,"nodeType":860},{},[81754],{"data":81755,"marks":81756,"value":81757,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The bug arises from a confusion between an email identity and email metadata field in Microsoft integrations and without a central fix from MS (the fix isn’t trivial), these bugs are likely to be discovered and re-occur on third-party OAuth apps for a while to come.",{"data":81759,"content":81762,"nodeType":996},{"target":81760},{"sys":81761},{"id":72655,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":81764,"content":81765,"nodeType":1009},{},[81766],{"data":81767,"marks":81768,"value":81769,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The SaaS market is driving these offensive techniques",{"data":81771,"content":81772,"nodeType":860},{},[81773],{"data":81774,"marks":81775,"value":81776,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SaaS apps are basically web apps that are run in the cloud and accessed from endpoints, so then WebApp, endpoint, and cloud security should cover all of SaaS, right? ",{"data":81778,"content":81779,"nodeType":860},{},[81780],{"data":81781,"marks":81782,"value":81783,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That was our assumption when we started, but what we found instead was that SaaS marketing practices are driving a lot of pretty interesting techniques that you don’t run into in standalone web apps.",{"data":81785,"content":81786,"nodeType":1312},{},[81787],{"data":81788,"marks":81789,"value":81790,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern SaaS is easy to adopt, easy to use, low friction, low cost, low overhead",{"data":81792,"content":81793,"nodeType":860},{},[81794],{"data":81795,"marks":81796,"value":81797,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Making apps easy to sign up for and low effort to support means you need to make some interesting choices when it comes to designing account creation and recovery flows. ",{"data":81799,"content":81800,"nodeType":860},{},[81801],{"data":81802,"marks":81803,"value":81804,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many apps allow users to sign into apps using multiple methods, easily invite collaborators (internal and external) and avoid any additional friction during the signup process. ",{"data":81806,"content":81807,"nodeType":860},{},[81808],{"data":81809,"marks":81810,"value":81811,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, many apps avoid verifying new account email addresses. This is not laziness, these are conscious design choices — not driven by security clearly, but not accidents.",{"data":81813,"content":81814,"nodeType":1312},{},[81815],{"data":81816,"marks":81817,"value":81818,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Modern SaaS is highly integrated",{"data":81820,"content":81821,"nodeType":860},{},[81822],{"data":81823,"marks":81824,"value":81825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most SaaS apps are trying to build app marketplaces or perform well in other apps' marketplaces (often both), and it’s rare these days to find apps that don’t integrate with other apps. ",{"data":81827,"content":81828,"nodeType":860},{},[81829],{"data":81830,"marks":81831,"value":81832,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OAuth has become the de facto standard protocol for doing this, and most users have become quite used to approving OAuth2.0 consent flows. These integrations have opened up lots of incredibly useful doors for attackers to persist access and move laterally across SaaS apps that few incident response teams have run into yet. These tokens don’t expire when you reset passwords, aren’t protected by MFA, and actions they performed are rarely logged. ",{"data":81834,"content":81835,"nodeType":860},{},[81836],{"data":81837,"marks":81838,"value":81839,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These are not bugs or oversights but rather a consequence of how these APIs are intended to be used (by machines, not human adversaries).",{"data":81841,"content":81842,"nodeType":1009},{},[81843],{"data":81844,"marks":81845,"value":81846,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Problems with observing SaaS attacks ",{"data":81848,"content":81849,"nodeType":860},{},[81850,81854,81859],{"data":81851,"marks":81852,"value":81853,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This research begs one question above others: ",{"data":81855,"marks":81856,"value":81858,"nodeType":864},{},[81857],{"type":2246},"“Are we seeing these attacks in the wild?",{"data":81860,"marks":81861,"value":81862,"nodeType":864},{},[],"” ",{"data":81864,"content":81865,"nodeType":1312},{},[81866],{"data":81867,"marks":81868,"value":81869,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yes, definitely",{"data":81871,"content":81872,"nodeType":860},{},[81873,81877,81886,81889,81898,81902,81911,81914,81922,81926,81935],{"data":81874,"marks":81875,"value":81876,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For some of the better-known techniques, like credential stuffing and email phishing, the answer is an easy yes. Stats from ",{"data":81878,"content":81880,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81879},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/05/04/how-microsoft-can-help-you-go-passwordless-this-world-password-day/",[81881],{"data":81882,"marks":81883,"value":81885,"nodeType":864},{},[81884],{"type":1455},"Microsoft (1,287 password attacks every second)",{"data":81887,"marks":81888,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":81890,"content":81892,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81891},"https://auth0.com/blog/top-insights-from-our-2022-state-of-secure-identity-report/",[81893],{"data":81894,"marks":81895,"value":81897,"nodeType":864},{},[81896],{"type":1455},"Auth0 (a third of their traffic is credential stuffing)",{"data":81899,"marks":81900,"value":81901,"nodeType":864},{},[]," speaks volumes. Other sources like the ",{"data":81903,"content":81905,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81904},"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022/cyber-security-breaches-survey-2022",[81906],{"data":81907,"marks":81908,"value":81910,"nodeType":864},{},[81909],{"type":1455},"NCSC's Cyber Security Breaches Survey 2022",{"data":81912,"marks":81913,"value":42981,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":81915,"content":81916,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18737},[81917],{"data":81918,"marks":81919,"value":81921,"nodeType":864},{},[81920],{"type":1455},"Verizon 2023 Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":81923,"marks":81924,"value":81925,"nodeType":864},{},[]," suggest that phishing is also a major cause of SaaS breaches. Anecdotal reports from colleagues in the Incident Response field suggest that malicious mail forwarding rules are seen a lot, something which is supported by the ",{"data":81927,"content":81929,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81928},"https://expel.com/expel-quarterly-threat-report/",[81930],{"data":81931,"marks":81932,"value":81934,"nodeType":864},{},[81933],{"type":1455},"Expel Quarterly Threat Report for Q1 2023",{"data":81936,"marks":81937,"value":81938,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (see page 6).",{"data":81940,"content":81941,"nodeType":860},{},[81942],{"data":81943,"marks":81944,"value":81945,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The takeaway is that the current focus for defenders should be to ensure users have good phishing-resistant account security in place — make sure you have basics like strong unique passwords and MFA in place across your entire SaaS estate.",{"data":81947,"content":81948,"nodeType":1312},{},[81949],{"data":81950,"marks":81951,"value":81952,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For newer OAuth attacks, it’s a lot less clear …",{"data":81954,"content":81955,"nodeType":860},{},[81956,81960,81965,81969,81978],{"data":81957,"marks":81958,"value":81959,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Other techniques like consent phishing have been discussed in some breach disclosures like the ",{"data":81961,"marks":81962,"value":81964,"nodeType":864},{},[81963],{"type":1455},"2020 SANS breach",{"data":81966,"marks":81967,"value":81968,"nodeType":864},{},[],". These OAuth techniques also pop up in the news (for example, the ",{"data":81970,"content":81972,"nodeType":883},{"uri":81971},"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/github-how-stolen-oauth-tokens-helped-breach-dozens-of-orgs/",[81973],{"data":81974,"marks":81975,"value":81977,"nodeType":864},{},[81976],{"type":1455},"2022 Github/Heroku/Travis-CI breach",{"data":81979,"marks":81980,"value":81981,"nodeType":864},{},[]," where GitHub accounts were breached using stolen Heroku and Travis-CI OAuth tokens). ",{"data":81983,"content":81984,"nodeType":860},{},[81985,81989,81994],{"data":81986,"marks":81987,"value":81988,"nodeType":864},{},[],"That said, none of these techniques come up as frequently as their usefulness would suggest. This means one of two things: ",{"data":81990,"marks":81991,"value":81993,"nodeType":864},{},[81992],{"type":2246},"Either attackers aren’t yet using them widely, or they are and we aren’t detecting them",{"data":81995,"marks":81996,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":81998,"content":81999,"nodeType":860},{},[82000],{"data":82001,"marks":82002,"value":82003,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There is certainly a case to be made that attackers simply don’t need these newer techniques yet. Many organizations don’t have a way of discovering SaaS use in their organization yet, never mind breached accounts, so new persistence techniques might be a bit more than necessary at the moment.",{"data":82005,"content":82006,"nodeType":1312},{},[82007],{"data":82008,"marks":82009,"value":82010,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But would we know if it was happening?",{"data":82012,"content":82013,"nodeType":860},{},[82014],{"data":82015,"marks":82016,"value":82017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the other hand, there is certainly the possibility that these attacks are increasingly used, but are simply not being discovered. A strong argument in favor of this view is the difficulty in investigating these attacks. Very few SaaS apps provide enough logging capability to discover these attacks as a customer. This is true even for the biggest, most mature apps like Office 365 and Google Workspace unless you are on top license tiers. This is doubly true for attacks that use OAuth, with many apps providing no insight or details into actions made using OAuth-authenticated APIs. ",{"data":82019,"content":82020,"nodeType":860},{},[82021,82025,82034,82038,82047],{"data":82022,"marks":82023,"value":82024,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This suggests only the SaaS providers for these apps are really in a position to discover and investigate them. This does ring true when you consider that ",{"data":82026,"content":82028,"nodeType":883},{"uri":82027},"https://blog.heroku.com/april-2022-incident-review",[82029],{"data":82030,"marks":82031,"value":82033,"nodeType":864},{},[82032],{"type":1455},"Heroku",{"data":82035,"marks":82036,"value":82037,"nodeType":864},{},[]," relied heavily on Github during the investigation (and in one case even the detection of) their 2022 breaches, and the same seems true for a similar breach affecting ",{"data":82039,"content":82041,"nodeType":883},{"uri":82040},"https://circleci.com/blog/jan-4-2023-incident-report/",[82042],{"data":82043,"marks":82044,"value":82046,"nodeType":864},{},[82045],{"type":1455},"CircleCI",{"data":82048,"marks":82049,"value":82050,"nodeType":864},{},[]," later that year. Github and CircleCI’s customers prompted the investigation after seeing strange behavior, but Github had access to the logs to investigate. It’s difficult to imagine that most or even many SaaS vendors have the resources or inclination to run these investigations effectively as GitHub appears to have.",{"data":82052,"content":82053,"nodeType":860},{},[82054,82058,82068],{"data":82055,"marks":82056,"value":82057,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So, are these attacks happening in the real world? My best guess is it’s a little bit of column A and a little bit of column B — there are likely not so many of these attacks happening yet, and when they do, I suspect the vast majority go undetected. ",{"data":82059,"content":82061,"nodeType":883},{"uri":82060},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j95kNwZw8YY",[82062],{"data":82063,"marks":82064,"value":82067,"nodeType":864},{},[82065,82066],{"type":1455},{"type":2246},"But that’s just like my opinion, man.",{"data":82069,"marks":82070,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":82072,"content":82073,"nodeType":860},{},[82074],{"data":82075,"marks":82076,"value":82077,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is part of the reason we think enabling red teamers to try these techniques in anger is useful — this is the time-proven way to understand these risks.",{"data":82079,"content":82080,"nodeType":1009},{},[82081],{"data":82082,"marks":82083,"value":82084,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What’s next?",{"data":82086,"content":82087,"nodeType":860},{},[82088],{"data":82089,"marks":82090,"value":82091,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve barely scratched the surface, but perhaps there is enough here to get the discussion going. From past experience, discussion may not be enough, and it’s likely that live offensive work like penetration tests or more likely red team exercises will be required to make the risks of using these techniques real for the wider security community. ",{"data":82093,"content":82094,"nodeType":860},{},[82095],{"data":82096,"marks":82097,"value":82098,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After all, seeing is believing. We think some more practical examples and tools to help red  teamers use these techniques on engagements will help drive awareness forward, so we’ll be looking to build out this content.",{"data":82100,"content":82101,"nodeType":860},{},[82102,82106,82115],{"data":82103,"marks":82104,"value":82105,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve started with pure networkless attacks that don’t touch customer networks or endpoints, but there are many useful techniques to connect the old endpoint world to the SaaS world. Consider stealing OAuth tokens from a thick client on an endpoint, or using a ",{"data":82107,"content":82109,"nodeType":883},{"uri":82108},"https://github.blog/2023-07-18-security-alert-social-engineering-campaign-targets-technology-industry-employees/",[82110],{"data":82111,"marks":82112,"value":82114,"nodeType":864},{},[82113],{"type":1455},"backdoored GitHub repo to get code execution on endpoints",{"data":82116,"marks":82117,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":82119,"content":82120,"nodeType":860},{},[82121,82125,82132],{"data":82122,"marks":82123,"value":82124,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Help us all better understand how widespread these attacks are by sharing some war stories. We’d love some comments, discussions, or PRs on ",{"data":82126,"content":82127,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[82128],{"data":82129,"marks":82130,"value":13400,"nodeType":864},{},[82131],{"type":1455},{"data":82133,"marks":82134,"value":76992,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":82136,"content":82140,"nodeType":996},{"target":82137},{"sys":82138},{"id":82139,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2y0INxqAi594O7rCAVKhTI",[],{"data":82142,"content":82143,"nodeType":860},{},[82144],{"data":82145,"marks":82146,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s talk about SaaS attack techniques","Offensive security drives defensive security. We're sharing a collection of SaaS attack techniques to help defenders understand the threats they face.","2023-07-27T00:00:00.000Z","saas-attack-techniques",{"items":82152},[82153,82155],{"sys":82154,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":82156,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":82158},[82159],{"fullName":49047,"firstName":49048,"jobTitle":49049,"profilePicture":82160},{"url":49051},"blog/how-to-prevent-account-takeover-with-push",{"json":82163},{"data":82164,"content":82165,"nodeType":856},{},[82166],{"data":82167,"content":82168,"nodeType":860},{},[82169],{"data":82170,"marks":82171,"value":82172,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How Push controls stop attackers from using identity attack tools and techniques to compromise your employee user accounts. ",{"id":74740,"publishedAt":82174},"2026-08-12T11:55:02.849Z",{"items":82176},[82177,82179],{"sys":82178,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":82180,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":82182},[82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193,82195,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219],{"sys":82184,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":82186,"name":297,"slug":298,"tier":31},{"id":294},{"sys":82188,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":82190,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":82192,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":82194,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":82196,"name":333,"slug":334,"tier":45},{"id":330},{"sys":82198,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":82200,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":82202,"name":404,"slug":405,"tier":45},{"id":401},{"sys":82204,"name":502,"slug":503,"tier":45},{"id":499},{"sys":82206,"name":422,"slug":423,"tier":45},{"id":419},{"sys":82208,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":82210,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":82212,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":82214,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":82216,"name":589,"slug":590,"tier":45},{"id":586},{"sys":82218,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},{"sys":82220,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},"oyWsukrdpBbJa0Ug2GJSzBytbo4S12Lc25W7EZkerKw",{"id":82223,"title":82224,"authorsCollection":82225,"content":82230,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":82635,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":82637,"metaTitle":82638,"ogImage":59,"postType":39986,"publishedDate":82639,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":82640,"slug":84388,"stem":84389,"subtitle":59,"summary":84390,"synopsis":84401,"sys":84402,"tagsCollection":84405,"topicsCollection":84411,"__hash__":84433},"blog/blog/introducing-cloned-login-page-detection.json","Adding cloned login page detection to your phishing defense arsenal",{"items":82226},[82227],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"socialLinks":82228,"profilePicture":82229},[77098],{"url":4881},{"json":82231,"links":82601},{"data":82232,"content":82233,"nodeType":856},{},[82234,82240,82247,82254,82261,82268,82287,82294,82301,82308,82315,82322,82328,82335,82342,82379,82408,82414,82421,82427,82434,82440,82447,82454,82556,82563,82570,82576,82583],{"data":82235,"content":82239,"nodeType":996},{"target":82236},{"sys":82237},{"id":82238,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7F2YLK24QJ60w4vvuinNfV",[],{"data":82241,"content":82242,"nodeType":860},{},[82243],{"data":82244,"marks":82245,"value":82246,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re excited to announce the release of our cloned login page detection feature, which will be available to all customers immediately. This feature adds another layer of defense to our already-cutting edge phishing prevention capabilities, enabling security teams to protect workforce identities and shut down phishing attacks that use website cloning tools. ",{"data":82248,"content":82249,"nodeType":1009},{},[82250],{"data":82251,"marks":82252,"value":82253,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s more important than ever to stop phishing attacks ",{"data":82255,"content":82256,"nodeType":860},{},[82257],{"data":82258,"marks":82259,"value":82260,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing is the oldest trick in the cybercrime playbook, but attackers continue to devise new ways to circumvent defenses and execute successful phishing campaigns. Old-school phishing prevention solutions have tried to solve the problem by protecting the email inbox, a common (but not the only) attack vector, and blocking lists of known-bad domains. But these methods are not as effective today as they were a decade ago. ",{"data":82262,"content":82263,"nodeType":860},{},[82264],{"data":82265,"marks":82266,"value":82267,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are a few reasons for this. When anti-phishing products were first rolled out, detecting and responding to identity attacks – phishing, credential stuffing, etc. – used to be just one possible method of initial access in quite a lengthy Kill Chain that stretched from the compromise of the user device, pivoting to internal network resources, escalating privileges, moving laterally, and finally achieving their objectives. The more actions an attacker has to perform, the more opportunities for detection, and the higher the likelihood that they’ll be caught in the act before any real, lasting damage can be caused. ",{"data":82269,"content":82270,"nodeType":860},{},[82271,82275,82283],{"data":82272,"marks":82273,"value":82274,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But today, attackers have a lot of opportunities to cause significant damage for much less effort than before through identity attacks. For example, ",{"data":82276,"content":82277,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13277},[82278],{"data":82279,"marks":82280,"value":82282,"nodeType":864},{},[82281],{"type":1455},"if the goal is to compromise an app like Snowflake",{"data":82284,"marks":82285,"value":82286,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and dump the data from it, the Kill Chain is way shorter than a traditional network-based attack. And the initial layer of anti-account takeover controls are much more important in this context – there’s no margin for error. ",{"data":82288,"content":82289,"nodeType":1009},{},[82290],{"data":82291,"marks":82292,"value":82293,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why are existing controls failing?",{"data":82295,"content":82296,"nodeType":860},{},[82297],{"data":82298,"marks":82299,"value":82300,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The fact that phishing has remained a problem for so long is evidence enough that the old ways don’t work (and honestly, they never have). ",{"data":82302,"content":82303,"nodeType":860},{},[82304],{"data":82305,"marks":82306,"value":82307,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The main limitation is that for defenders to know that a URL, IP, or domain name is bad, it needs to be reported first. When are things reported? Typically after being used in an attack – so unfortunately, someone always gets hurt, and defenders are always one step behind the attackers. ",{"data":82309,"content":82310,"nodeType":860},{},[82311],{"data":82312,"marks":82313,"value":82314,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To make it harder for defenders to pre-emptively find phishing sites, attackers use a range of methods to obfuscate their phishing sites and evade the prying eyes of security teams and threat intelligence organizations. One of the methods that attackers use to make their sites appear legitimate is to create cloned login pages, which can be easily achieved using commonly available hacking tools.",{"data":82316,"content":82317,"nodeType":860},{},[82318],{"data":82319,"marks":82320,"value":82321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Many phishing kits allow the attacker to simply copy the HTML code from a legitimate website and duplicate it on the malicious site or dynamically proxy the real site, creating a virtually identical interface that may lure users into a false sense of security when inputting their credentials.",{"data":82323,"content":82327,"nodeType":996},{"target":82324},{"sys":82325},{"id":82326,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"28tFsY1XfjAmgurMiPWcbz",[],{"data":82329,"content":82330,"nodeType":1009},{},[82331],{"data":82332,"marks":82333,"value":82334,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Building defense in depth against phishing attacks",{"data":82336,"content":82337,"nodeType":860},{},[82338],{"data":82339,"marks":82340,"value":82341,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At Push, our goal is to change the way the industry thinks about phishing. We're focused on building detections that are hard for attackers to bypass because the variables we detect are difficult for them to change. ",{"data":82343,"content":82344,"nodeType":860},{},[82345,82349,82356,82360,82367,82371,82376],{"data":82346,"marks":82347,"value":82348,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push already offers controls that detect and prevent phishing attacks at different stages of the attack chain. Our ",{"data":82350,"content":82351,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44242},[82352],{"data":82353,"marks":82354,"value":82355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing toolkit detection",{"data":82357,"marks":82358,"value":82359,"nodeType":864},{},[]," can identify the specific phishing kits attackers are using (like Evilginx) and our ",{"data":82361,"content":82362,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},[82363],{"data":82364,"marks":82365,"value":82366,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SSO password protection control",{"data":82368,"marks":82369,"value":82370,"nodeType":864},{},[]," prevents employees from entering their password into any page other than the official SSO login page – ",{"data":82372,"marks":82373,"value":82375,"nodeType":864},{},[82374],{"type":899},"preventing the key user action of entering their valid credentials into a phishing site",{"data":82377,"marks":82378,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":82380,"content":82381,"nodeType":860},{},[82382,82386,82394,82397,82404],{"data":82383,"marks":82384,"value":82385,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While there are many other types of anti-phishing solutions on the market, only a ",{"data":82387,"content":82389,"nodeType":883},{"uri":82388},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension/#id-detection-based-on-web-proxy-how-does-it-work-and-what-are-the-limitations",[82390],{"data":82391,"marks":82392,"value":82393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"browser-based agen",{"data":82395,"marks":82396,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":82398,"content":82399,"nodeType":883},{"uri":82388},[82400],{"data":82401,"marks":82402,"value":82403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"t like Push",{"data":82405,"marks":82406,"value":82407,"nodeType":864},{},[]," can detect and intercept attacks at the point of impact. ",{"data":82409,"content":82413,"nodeType":996},{"target":82410},{"sys":82411},{"id":82412,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2Zbqf2O9xxChEz1bA7j22w",[],{"data":82415,"content":82416,"nodeType":860},{},[82417],{"data":82418,"marks":82419,"value":82420,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloned login page detection adds yet another layer of defense, by identifying the presence of a page that is trying to pass as a legitimate login page, blocking the user from entering their password and shutting down the attack.",{"data":82422,"content":82426,"nodeType":996},{"target":82423},{"sys":82424},{"id":82425,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"Uk9pkktYXj9OMw7ecKoNO",[],{"data":82428,"content":82429,"nodeType":860},{},[82430],{"data":82431,"marks":82432,"value":82433,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Much like other Push features, users can simply enable cloned login detection on the Controls tab within our portal, as seen in the image below. With each of these features, Push enables users to solve for a piece of the phishing puzzle. ",{"data":82435,"content":82439,"nodeType":996},{"target":82436},{"sys":82437},{"id":82438,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3ZgZHpqqe3MDaNhnJdSdLt",[],{"data":82441,"content":82442,"nodeType":860},{},[82443],{"data":82444,"marks":82445,"value":82446,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The new feature detects fraudulent login pages designed to mimic a legitimate identity provider (IdP) login page, as well as other high-sensitivity pages. We do this by fingerprinting the page structure and resources of your legitimate login pages and monitoring for pages that are very similar. By analyzing the actual structure of the page, we can virtually eliminate false positives and deliver high fidelity alerts to your security team.",{"data":82448,"content":82449,"nodeType":860},{},[82450],{"data":82451,"marks":82452,"value":82453,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The Cloned login page detection feature can identify clones of the following legitimate IdP login and signup pages:",{"data":82455,"content":82456,"nodeType":941},{},[82457,82467,82477,82487,82497,82507,82517,82527,82537,82546],{"data":82458,"content":82459,"nodeType":945},{},[82460],{"data":82461,"content":82462,"nodeType":860},{},[82463],{"data":82464,"marks":82465,"value":82466,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Google Workspace",{"data":82468,"content":82469,"nodeType":945},{},[82470],{"data":82471,"content":82472,"nodeType":860},{},[82473],{"data":82474,"marks":82475,"value":82476,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft 365",{"data":82478,"content":82479,"nodeType":945},{},[82480],{"data":82481,"content":82482,"nodeType":860},{},[82483],{"data":82484,"marks":82485,"value":82486,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Okta",{"data":82488,"content":82489,"nodeType":945},{},[82490],{"data":82491,"content":82492,"nodeType":860},{},[82493],{"data":82494,"marks":82495,"value":82496,"nodeType":864},{},[],"JumpCloud",{"data":82498,"content":82499,"nodeType":945},{},[82500],{"data":82501,"content":82502,"nodeType":860},{},[82503],{"data":82504,"marks":82505,"value":82506,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Duo Security",{"data":82508,"content":82509,"nodeType":945},{},[82510],{"data":82511,"content":82512,"nodeType":860},{},[82513],{"data":82514,"marks":82515,"value":82516,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ping Identity",{"data":82518,"content":82519,"nodeType":945},{},[82520],{"data":82521,"content":82522,"nodeType":860},{},[82523],{"data":82524,"marks":82525,"value":82526,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IBM Identity Provider",{"data":82528,"content":82529,"nodeType":945},{},[82530],{"data":82531,"content":82532,"nodeType":860},{},[82533],{"data":82534,"marks":82535,"value":82536,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SAP Identity Provider",{"data":82538,"content":82539,"nodeType":945},{},[82540],{"data":82541,"content":82542,"nodeType":860},{},[82543],{"data":82544,"marks":82545,"value":13400,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":82547,"content":82548,"nodeType":945},{},[82549],{"data":82550,"content":82551,"nodeType":860},{},[82552],{"data":82553,"marks":82554,"value":82555,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AWS",{"data":82557,"content":82558,"nodeType":860},{},[82559],{"data":82560,"marks":82561,"value":82562,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When Push detects a cloned login page, it triggers an event that you can view on the Events page within the platform. This data can be fed into a SIEM or other tool by emitting a webhook event. ",{"data":82564,"content":82565,"nodeType":860},{},[82566],{"data":82567,"marks":82568,"value":82569,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Alongside our SSO password protection and phishing toolkit detection, cloned login page detection adds another layer to our defense in depth approach. Together, these features provide comprehensive protection against phishing attacks.",{"data":82571,"content":82575,"nodeType":996},{"target":82572},{"sys":82573},{"id":82574,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5MIoDHn1R8j6VLNaeq9zLN",[],{"data":82577,"content":82578,"nodeType":1009},{},[82579],{"data":82580,"marks":82581,"value":82582,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Book a demo to see it in action",{"data":82584,"content":82585,"nodeType":860},{},[82586,82590,82597],{"data":82587,"marks":82588,"value":82589,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Want to learn more? ",{"data":82591,"content":82592,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[82593],{"data":82594,"marks":82595,"value":82596,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Book a demo. ",{"data":82598,"marks":82599,"value":82600,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO, and how we detect vulnerable identities and stop identity attacks with browser-based controls.",{"entries":82602},{"hyperlink":82603,"inline":82604,"block":82605},[],[],[82606,82615,82618,82621,82625,82628],{"sys":82607,"__typename":82608,"title":82609,"youTubeUrl":82610,"imagePlaceholder":82611},{"id":82238},"ExternalVideo","Introducing cloned login page detection with Push","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eBdYr-Z5LE",{"url":82612,"width":82613,"height":82614},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/1xZkalLqwHFPwBEOaRaAIl/26c021adcfec04cf3597182dd6b4a657/Screenshot_2024-08-13_at_3.36.22_PM.png",1884,1088,{"sys":82616,"__typename":1717,"type":1718,"ctaText":82617,"buttonLabel":9127,"buttonColour":1721,"buttonUrl":43886},{"id":82326},"Learn how attackers are designing AitM toolkits 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They can simply import the tokens into their browser and assume an already authorized session.",{"data":85870,"content":85873,"nodeType":996},{"target":85871},{"sys":85872},{"id":75336,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":85875,"content":85876,"nodeType":860},{},[85877],{"data":85878,"marks":85879,"value":85880,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A few recent stats show the scope of the problem:",{"data":85882,"content":85883,"nodeType":941},{},[85884,85906,85928,85949],{"data":85885,"content":85886,"nodeType":945},{},[85887],{"data":85888,"content":85889,"nodeType":860},{},[85890,85894,85903],{"data":85891,"marks":85892,"value":85893,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Nearly half of the malware detected last year by Sophos targeted victims’ data specifically, and the majority of that malware was classified as infostealers. Source: ",{"data":85895,"content":85897,"nodeType":883},{"uri":85896},"https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2024/03/12/2024-sophos-threat-report/",[85898],{"data":85899,"marks":85900,"value":85902,"nodeType":864},{},[85901],{"type":1455},"2024 Sophos Threat Report",{"data":85904,"marks":85905,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":85907,"content":85908,"nodeType":945},{},[85909],{"data":85910,"content":85911,"nodeType":860},{},[85912,85916,85925],{"data":85913,"marks":85914,"value":85915,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Information-stealing malware accounted for nearly 10 percent of activity that Red Canary was able to associate with named threats last year. They also found a rise in stealer malware targeting macOS compared to previous years. Source: ",{"data":85917,"content":85919,"nodeType":883},{"uri":85918},"https://redcanary.com/threat-detection-report/trends/info-stealers/",[85920],{"data":85921,"marks":85922,"value":85924,"nodeType":864},{},[85923],{"type":1455},"2024 Red Canary Threat Detection Report",{"data":85926,"marks":85927,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":85929,"content":85930,"nodeType":945},{},[85931],{"data":85932,"content":85933,"nodeType":860},{},[85934,85938,85946],{"data":85935,"marks":85936,"value":85937,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stolen credentials continued to rank as the top initial access method for breaches analyzed by Verizon. Source: ",{"data":85939,"content":85940,"nodeType":883},{"uri":18737},[85941],{"data":85942,"marks":85943,"value":85945,"nodeType":864},{},[85944],{"type":1455},"2024 Data Breach Investigations Report",{"data":85947,"marks":85948,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":85950,"content":85951,"nodeType":945},{},[85952],{"data":85953,"content":85954,"nodeType":860},{},[85955,85959,85967],{"data":85956,"marks":85957,"value":85958,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The number of token replay attacks is increasing, with Microsoft detecting 147,000 attacks in 2023, a 111% increase year-over-year. Source: ",{"data":85960,"content":85962,"nodeType":883},{"uri":85961},"https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/microsoft-entra-blog/how-to-break-the-token-theft-cyber-attack-chain/ba-p/4062700",[85963],{"data":85964,"marks":85965,"value":85966,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft Blog",{"data":85968,"marks":85969,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":85971,"content":85972,"nodeType":1009},{},[85973],{"data":85974,"marks":85975,"value":85976,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What's missing from current defenses",{"data":85978,"content":85979,"nodeType":860},{},[85980],{"data":85981,"marks":85982,"value":85983,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When defending against infostealer malware or other forms of session and credential theft, there are a few common challenges that organizations may face:",{"data":85985,"content":85986,"nodeType":941},{},[85987,85997],{"data":85988,"content":85989,"nodeType":945},{},[85990],{"data":85991,"content":85992,"nodeType":860},{},[85993],{"data":85994,"marks":85995,"value":85996,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Their endpoint security tooling doesn’t provide complete coverage across their device fleet, though they thought it did.",{"data":85998,"content":85999,"nodeType":945},{},[86000],{"data":86001,"content":86002,"nodeType":860},{},[86003],{"data":86004,"marks":86005,"value":86006,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The malware is good enough to evade EDR detection, or it was able to execute and exfiltrate sessions or other data before it was stopped.",{"data":86008,"content":86009,"nodeType":860},{},[86010],{"data":86011,"marks":86012,"value":86013,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Existing approaches to detecting stolen sessions also pose a noisy problem. Relying on IP-based or geolocation-based signals can result in frequent false positives. (And not all identity provider logs include a session identifier that you can use to perform correlations in the first place.)",{"data":86015,"content":86016,"nodeType":860},{},[86017],{"data":86018,"marks":86019,"value":86020,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The missing piece is a trusted signal for legitimate sessions that you can use to correlate with other data in order to identify unexpected activity that indicates a compromised identity and device.",{"data":86022,"content":86023,"nodeType":1009},{},[86024],{"data":86025,"marks":86026,"value":86027,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Generating unique telemetry via the browser",{"data":86029,"content":86030,"nodeType":860},{},[86031],{"data":86032,"marks":86033,"value":86034,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push’s solution to detecting stolen sessions falls into the category of “so simple, why didn’t this already exist?”",{"data":86036,"content":86037,"nodeType":860},{},[86038],{"data":86039,"marks":86040,"value":86041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The answer: Because you need to be in the browser to do it. The Push browser agent sits in a unique position that we can leverage to provide telemetry that otherwise would be extremely difficult to create.",{"data":86043,"content":86044,"nodeType":860},{},[86045],{"data":86046,"marks":86047,"value":54468,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86049,"content":86050,"nodeType":941},{},[86051,86061,86071],{"data":86052,"content":86053,"nodeType":945},{},[86054],{"data":86055,"content":86056,"nodeType":860},{},[86057],{"data":86058,"marks":86059,"value":86060,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Via the Push browser agent, Push injects a unique marker into the user agent string of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push.",{"data":86062,"content":86063,"nodeType":945},{},[86064],{"data":86065,"content":86066,"nodeType":860},{},[86067],{"data":86068,"marks":86069,"value":86070,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Administrators then add the list of domains where they wish to inject the marker into sessions, such as an identity provider like Okta or Microsoft.",{"data":86072,"content":86073,"nodeType":945},{},[86074],{"data":86075,"content":86076,"nodeType":860},{},[86077,86081,86085,86089,86093],{"data":86078,"marks":86079,"value":86080,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By analyzing logs from the IdP, you can identify activity from the same session that both ",{"data":86082,"marks":86083,"value":40032,"nodeType":864},{},[86084],{"type":2246},{"data":86086,"marks":86087,"value":86088,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the Push marker and that ",{"data":86090,"marks":86091,"value":58701,"nodeType":864},{},[86092],{"type":2246},{"data":86094,"marks":86095,"value":86096,"nodeType":864},{},[]," the marker. This can only ever happen when a session is extracted from a browser and maliciously imported into a different browser.",{"data":86098,"content":86099,"nodeType":860},{},[86100],{"data":86101,"marks":86102,"value":86103,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is a high-fidelity signal that a stolen session token is in use.",{"data":86105,"content":86108,"nodeType":996},{"target":86106},{"sys":86107},{"id":58667,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":86110,"content":86111,"nodeType":860},{},[86112,86116,86123],{"data":86113,"marks":86114,"value":86115,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about configuring this feature in our ",{"data":86117,"content":86118,"nodeType":883},{"uri":85785},[86119],{"data":86120,"marks":86121,"value":19315,"nodeType":864},{},[86122],{"type":1455},{"data":86124,"marks":86125,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86127,"content":86131,"nodeType":996},{"target":86128},{"sys":86129},{"id":86130,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"35dpGqNY6cTM0fSQRflLiO",[],{"data":86133,"content":86134,"nodeType":1009},{},[86135],{"data":86136,"marks":86137,"value":86138,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unlocking new capabilities for blue teams",{"data":86140,"content":86141,"nodeType":860},{},[86142],{"data":86143,"marks":86144,"value":86145,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we’ve said before, we see browser telemetry and browser-based controls as the missing piece in security strategies to stop identity attacks — particularly for modern organizations with complex identity ecosystems that span IdPs, SaaS apps, OAuth-connected apps, and more.",{"data":86147,"content":86148,"nodeType":860},{},[86149],{"data":86150,"marks":86151,"value":86152,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where the browser agent approach particularly shines is that it’s application-agnostic. ",{"data":86154,"content":86155,"nodeType":860},{},[86156],{"data":86157,"marks":86158,"value":86159,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As long as the app you want to monitor provides robust logs, you can inject the Push-supplied marker into any session on any app. ",{"data":86161,"content":86162,"nodeType":860},{},[86163],{"data":86164,"marks":86165,"value":86166,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This allows you to detect suspicious activity even on internal corporate assets, such as an intranet. ",{"data":86168,"content":86169,"nodeType":860},{},[86170],{"data":86171,"marks":86172,"value":86173,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A tidy side effect is that you can also use this feature to identify unmanaged devices accessing sensitive corporate internal resources because they will lack the Push browser agent-supplied marker.",{"data":86175,"content":86176,"nodeType":860},{},[86177],{"data":86178,"marks":86179,"value":86180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are probably a few other creative use cases for this feature, so we look forward to seeing what you come up with!",{"data":86182,"content":86183,"nodeType":1009},{},[86184],{"data":86185,"marks":86186,"value":40946,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86188,"content":86189,"nodeType":860},{},[86190,86193,86200],{"data":86191,"marks":86192,"value":58850,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86194,"content":86195,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[86196],{"data":86197,"marks":86198,"value":5865,"nodeType":864},{},[86199],{"type":1455},{"data":86201,"marks":86202,"value":86203,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We’ll be happy to show you this feature, along with how we discover all the apps your employees are using, even the ones not behind SSO, and how we detect vulnerable identities and stop identity attacks with browser-based controls.","Introducing session token theft detection: Why browser is best","Push's browser agent identifies session token theft by adding telemetry to the user agent string to create a new high-fidelity signal for your security team.","introducing-session-token-theft-detection-why-browser-is-best",{"items":86208},[86209,86211],{"sys":86210,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":86212,"name":58890},{"id":58889},{"items":86214},[86215],{"fullName":849,"firstName":850,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":86216},{"url":853},{"__typename":2059,"sys":86218,"content":86219,"title":86624,"synopsis":86625,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":86626,"slug":86627,"tagsCollection":86628,"authorsCollection":86634},{"id":58783},{"json":86220},{"data":86221,"content":86222,"nodeType":856},{},[86223,86229,86250,86271,86289,86309,86332,86339,86359,86380,86387,86393,86400,86407,86414,86421,86428,86435,86442,86449,86456,86476,86483,86489,86511,86518,86533,86539,86558,86565,86572,86578,86585,86603,86609],{"data":86224,"content":86228,"nodeType":996},{"target":86225},{"sys":86226},{"id":86227,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"B8i0EK90Dn7FLrJXR4ANh",[],{"data":86230,"content":86231,"nodeType":860},{},[86232,86236,86246],{"data":86233,"marks":86234,"value":86235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Is the golden era of MFA protection over? Watch a demo of an ",{"data":86237,"content":86241,"nodeType":6011},{"target":86238},{"sys":86239},{"id":86240,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7DJnckJxP4CXyXhPJJpby5",[86242],{"data":86243,"marks":86244,"value":86245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"EvilNoVNC phishing attack",{"data":86247,"marks":86248,"value":86249,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and you may be left sweating a little and whispering “FIDO2” like a protection spell.",{"data":86251,"content":86252,"nodeType":860},{},[86253,86257,86267],{"data":86254,"marks":86255,"value":86256,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With the widespread adoption of MFA, attackers are ",{"data":86258,"content":86262,"nodeType":6011},{"target":86259},{"sys":86260},{"id":86261,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6XIts2UEnrsJDki8gKDXyI",[86263],{"data":86264,"marks":86265,"value":86266,"nodeType":864},{},[],"increasingly turning",{"data":86268,"marks":86269,"value":86270,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to more sophisticated methods of credential theft as their initial point of entry. ",{"data":86272,"content":86273,"nodeType":860},{},[86274,86278,86285],{"data":86275,"marks":86276,"value":86277,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Newer phishing approaches include reverse proxies as well as tools that mimic legitimate login pages by rendering the webpages and then displaying those renders to the unsuspecting end-user. While these tools are not always common knowledge among blue teams, their use is ",{"data":86279,"content":86280,"nodeType":883},{"uri":72510},[86281],{"data":86282,"marks":86283,"value":86284,"nodeType":864},{},[],"on the rise",{"data":86286,"marks":86287,"value":86288,"nodeType":864},{},[],", an unsurprising response to the broad use of multi-factor authentication in many organizations.",{"data":86290,"content":86291,"nodeType":860},{},[86292,86296,86305],{"data":86293,"marks":86294,"value":86295,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What sets this generation of ",{"data":86297,"content":86300,"nodeType":6011},{"target":86298},{"sys":86299},{"id":86240,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[86301],{"data":86302,"marks":86303,"value":86304,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing tools",{"data":86306,"marks":86307,"value":86308,"nodeType":864},{},[]," apart? ",{"data":86310,"content":86311,"nodeType":941},{},[86312,86322],{"data":86313,"content":86314,"nodeType":945},{},[86315],{"data":86316,"content":86317,"nodeType":860},{},[86318],{"data":86319,"marks":86320,"value":86321,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They act as a proxy between the user and a legitimate web login page, allowing the attacker to bypass MFA and harvest credentials and session tokens.",{"data":86323,"content":86324,"nodeType":945},{},[86325],{"data":86326,"content":86327,"nodeType":860},{},[86328],{"data":86329,"marks":86330,"value":86331,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They give off little scent to end-users, because the end-user is logging into the legitimate site, just by taking a detour via the attacker’s device.",{"data":86333,"content":86334,"nodeType":860},{},[86335],{"data":86336,"marks":86337,"value":86338,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These AitM tools are also difficult to detect — unless you have eyes in the browser.",{"data":86340,"content":86341,"nodeType":860},{},[86342,86346,86355],{"data":86343,"marks":86344,"value":86345,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Powered by the Push browser agent, Push now offers a ",{"data":86347,"content":86350,"nodeType":6011},{"target":86348},{"sys":86349},{"id":17907,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[86351],{"data":86352,"marks":86353,"value":86354,"nodeType":864},{},[],"preconfigured set of detections",{"data":86356,"marks":86357,"value":86358,"nodeType":864},{},[]," for phishing tools like Evilginx and others, informed by our threat detection team’s research into their behavior. This phishing tool detection feature will automatically prevent users from accessing a site that’s running one of these malicious tools, and display a custom warning message to your end-users.",{"data":86360,"content":86361,"nodeType":860},{},[86362,86366,86376],{"data":86363,"marks":86364,"value":86365,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While Push already provides strong phishing protection by ",{"data":86367,"content":86371,"nodeType":6011},{"target":86368},{"sys":86369},{"id":86370,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4UtRVoFElDduWJBx9Sa4Cw",[86372],{"data":86373,"marks":86374,"value":86375,"nodeType":864},{},[],"preventing SSO password use",{"data":86377,"marks":86378,"value":86379,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on non-IdP webpages (in other words, it stops you from using your Okta password on any page that isn’t an Okta login page), this new feature allows us to sharpen our anti-phishing capabilities by detecting malware on a site before a user even interacts with the page. ",{"data":86381,"content":86382,"nodeType":860},{},[86383],{"data":86384,"marks":86385,"value":86386,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this article, we’ll describe our approach to detecting these newer phishing tools, including how we’re borrowing techniques from the world of EDR, and how you can combine phishing tool detection with other Push controls for a defense-in-depth strategy that covers both the user and the application sides of the equation.",{"data":86388,"content":86392,"nodeType":996},{"target":86389},{"sys":86390},{"id":86391,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"59q6klX2j7ClgUvmix93sG",[],{"data":86394,"content":86395,"nodeType":1009},{},[86396],{"data":86397,"marks":86398,"value":86399,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Taking a page from EDR",{"data":86401,"content":86402,"nodeType":860},{},[86403],{"data":86404,"marks":86405,"value":86406,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Most phishing prevention solutions rely on lists of known-bad sites as the source of intelligence. These are always going to be a step behind reality because they rely on ever-shifting secondary attributes such as domain names (though we won’t be disabling Chrome Safe Browsing anytime soon, and we’re not trying to replace it).",{"data":86408,"content":86409,"nodeType":860},{},[86410],{"data":86411,"marks":86412,"value":86413,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As veterans of the EDR world, we’re drawn to think in analogous terms. With detecting AitM phishing tools, that means expanding on the concept of dynamic analysis on the endpoint. EDR allows you to dynamically analyze the behavior of malware live and at scale, rather than focusing on easy-to-change indicators like file hashes or domain names.",{"data":86415,"content":86416,"nodeType":860},{},[86417],{"data":86418,"marks":86419,"value":86420,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Applying this idea to malware that runs in the browser requires a solution that is in the browser, like the Push browser agent.",{"data":86422,"content":86423,"nodeType":860},{},[86424],{"data":86425,"marks":86426,"value":86427,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So we’re expanding the attributes that are traditionally analyzed to spot indicators of compromise (IoCs) beyond domains, file names, file hashes, IP addresses, etc., to also include behavioral attributes of malware that are much harder to change, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",{"data":86429,"content":86430,"nodeType":860},{},[86431],{"data":86432,"marks":86433,"value":86434,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By performing behavioral analysis on AitM automated proxy tools, we can directly analyze the application for a precise and immediate identification. ",{"data":86436,"content":86437,"nodeType":860},{},[86438],{"data":86439,"marks":86440,"value":86441,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push researchers are regularly identifying and adding detections for new toolkits — think of this like Push’s database of threat research in action.",{"data":86443,"content":86444,"nodeType":1009},{},[86445],{"data":86446,"marks":86447,"value":86448,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How it works",{"data":86450,"content":86451,"nodeType":860},{},[86452],{"data":86453,"marks":86454,"value":86455,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you’re new to Push, a bit of context may be useful. Push uses a browser agent deployed to employee browsers (we support all major browsers) to prevent, detect, and block identity attacks. ",{"data":86457,"content":86458,"nodeType":860},{},[86459,86463,86472],{"data":86460,"marks":86461,"value":86462,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By directly observing user behavior at the login event, Push provides broad and actionable context across all the apps your employees are using, how they are accessing them, their MFA methods, and where they’re using insecure and reused passwords. With this context as the foundation, Push enforces your desired ",{"data":86464,"content":86467,"nodeType":6011},{"target":86465},{"sys":86466},{"id":72585,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[86468],{"data":86469,"marks":86470,"value":86471,"nodeType":864},{},[],"security controls",{"data":86473,"marks":86474,"value":86475,"nodeType":864},{},[],", including preventing SSO password reuse, blocking malicious websites, or steering employees to approved apps only.",{"data":86477,"content":86478,"nodeType":860},{},[86479],{"data":86480,"marks":86481,"value":86482,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once configured by an administrator, phishing tool detection will immediately check for the fingerprints of these toolkits as end-users visit websites and then display your custom warn or block message. ",{"data":86484,"content":86488,"nodeType":996},{"target":86485},{"sys":86486},{"id":86487,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1LdHJjTDlOiie5mctbAVvZ",[],{"data":86490,"content":86491,"nodeType":860},{},[86492,86495,86499,86503,86507],{"data":86493,"marks":86494,"value":1499,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86496,"marks":86497,"value":1397,"nodeType":864},{},[86498],{"type":899},{"data":86500,"marks":86501,"value":86502,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode, users cannot proceed to the site where malicious software has been detected. In ",{"data":86504,"marks":86505,"value":1503,"nodeType":864},{},[86506],{"type":899},{"data":86508,"marks":86509,"value":86510,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode, users can choose to proceed if they are sure it’s not a phishing site.",{"data":86512,"content":86513,"nodeType":860},{},[86514],{"data":86515,"marks":86516,"value":86517,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In both cases, users do not need to interact with a page (by typing, clicking, etc.) for Push to trigger the custom message. ",{"data":86519,"content":86520,"nodeType":860},{},[86521,86524,86530],{"data":86522,"marks":86523,"value":75271,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86525,"content":86526,"nodeType":883},{"uri":72612},[86527],{"data":86528,"marks":86529,"value":75088,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86531,"marks":86532,"value":75281,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86534,"content":86538,"nodeType":996},{"target":86535},{"sys":86536},{"id":86537,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6oAhxLBPVxN3Rcw2kFeVtG",[],{"data":86540,"content":86541,"nodeType":860},{},[86542,86546,86554],{"data":86543,"marks":86544,"value":86545,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Pairing this phishing detection capability with Push’s ",{"data":86547,"content":86550,"nodeType":6011},{"target":86548},{"sys":86549},{"id":18162,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[86551],{"data":86552,"marks":86553,"value":69533,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86555,"marks":86556,"value":86557,"nodeType":864},{},[]," feature provides a strong defense-in-depth strategy for stopping credential theft.",{"data":86559,"content":86560,"nodeType":860},{},[86561],{"data":86562,"marks":86563,"value":86564,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SSO password protection works by analyzing user behavior — namely, is a user entering their SSO password onto a page that does not belong to the legitimate identity provider.",{"data":86566,"content":86567,"nodeType":860},{},[86568],{"data":86569,"marks":86570,"value":86571,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing tool detection adds in the application-level behavioral analysis. In addition, when Push identifies a new, previously unknown phishing tool in the wild via blocked SSO credential theft, we add its fingerprints to the browser agent’s detective capabilities.  ",{"data":86573,"content":86574,"nodeType":1009},{},[86575],{"data":86576,"marks":86577,"value":13446,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":86579,"content":86580,"nodeType":860},{},[86581],{"data":86582,"marks":86583,"value":86584,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re just scratching the surface on this approach and are exploring how Push can identify and block other web-delivered malware and Javascript-based attack types beyond AitM tools. Think HTML smuggling, tabnabbing, and the like.",{"data":86586,"content":86587,"nodeType":860},{},[86588,86592,86600],{"data":86589,"marks":86590,"value":86591,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Got feedback? 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To this end, most organizations today ingest some form of network traffic data for security monitoring purposes. ",{"data":87853,"content":87854,"nodeType":860},{},[87855],{"data":87856,"marks":87857,"value":87858,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Typically, network traffic data is gathered by analyzing web proxy and/or DNS logs. But, we regularly speak to organizations that are frustrated with the challenge of piecing together web traffic data, without understanding the opportunity presented by the alternatives.",{"data":87860,"content":87861,"nodeType":860},{},[87862],{"data":87863,"marks":87864,"value":87865,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Even with proxies that can terminate TLS-encrypted datastreams, it’s difficult for even expert security teams to collect and analyze any meaningful data from web proxy logs. While the kind of data needed might be technically possible to extract, the process of reconstructing proxy data to analyze the specific data points that you really need, at scale, is prohibitively complicated.",{"data":87867,"content":87868,"nodeType":860},{},[87869],{"data":87870,"marks":87871,"value":87872,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The old “needle in a haystack” adage is very apt here! Rather than trying to piece together half-broken data – overlaying noisy proxy logs with other sources such as app and IdP telemetry – we think that the browser presents a much simpler way of analyzing relevant data points, particularly when it comes to identity attacks. ",{"data":87874,"content":87875,"nodeType":860},{},[87876],{"data":87877,"marks":87878,"value":87879,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Before we get on to detection opportunities in the browser, let’s take a deeper look at the web proxy situation.",{"data":87881,"content":87882,"nodeType":1009},{},[87883],{"data":87884,"marks":87885,"value":87886,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detection based on web proxy – how does it work and what are the limitations?",{"data":87888,"content":87889,"nodeType":860},{},[87890],{"data":87891,"marks":87892,"value":87893,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Web proxies generate common data points that can be used for threat detection, particularly when looking for indicators of an endpoint compromise. They work by inspecting network traffic to and from the endpoint, which includes web activity in the browser. ",{"data":87895,"content":87896,"nodeType":860},{},[87897],{"data":87898,"marks":87899,"value":87900,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The classic use case would be inspecting traffic from an endpoint to networked servers and devices, either on the local network or over the internet (e.g. via VPN), to detect signs of suspicious/malicious behavior from the device (indicating a potential compromise). Data is then shipped to a central proxy server where it can be analyzed for indicators of malicious activity. ",{"data":87902,"content":87903,"nodeType":860},{},[87904],{"data":87905,"marks":87906,"value":87907,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The traditional proxy setup has a number of limitations: ",{"data":87909,"content":87910,"nodeType":941},{},[87911],{"data":87912,"content":87913,"nodeType":945},{},[87914],{"data":87915,"content":87916,"nodeType":860},{},[87917,87922],{"data":87918,"marks":87919,"value":87921,"nodeType":864},{},[87920],{"type":899},"The proxy needs to be in a position to intercept traffic.",{"data":87923,"marks":87924,"value":87925,"nodeType":864},{},[]," It may only be active when a user is in the office, on a VPN and/or for external web traffic only. It might not work if a user is on their home or other other Wi-Fi – e.g. when working from Starbucks, or visiting a customer site, which isn’t an ideal setup in the era of remote working.  ",{"data":87927,"content":87928,"nodeType":941},{},[87929],{"data":87930,"content":87931,"nodeType":945},{},[87932],{"data":87933,"content":87934,"nodeType":860},{},[87935,87940],{"data":87936,"marks":87937,"value":87939,"nodeType":864},{},[87938],{"type":899},"Most web traffic is protected by TLS – so a proxy has to decrypt this to inspect what’s inside.",{"data":87941,"marks":87942,"value":87943,"nodeType":864},{},[]," At the very least you’re going to need to deploy a CA cert to every endpoint. But, some websites use things like certificate pinning or other SSL-enforcement controls to straight up prevent this. Unless you’re doing TLS-termination at scale with a COTS solution, then the ability to do proxy-based monitoring is seriously limited. ",{"data":87945,"content":87946,"nodeType":1312},{},[87947],{"data":87948,"marks":87949,"value":87950,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Proxies under the hood",{"data":87952,"content":87953,"nodeType":860},{},[87954],{"data":87955,"marks":87956,"value":87957,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s pop the hood and take a look at the data you can collect using a web proxy that is useful for threat detection. ",{"data":87959,"content":87960,"nodeType":860},{},[87961,87965,87974],{"data":87962,"marks":87963,"value":87964,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Typically, you’re looking at data points such as domain names or IP addresses. If the proxy is terminating TLS, you might also have web URLs, the type of web content accessed, and other HTTP-level metadata. Higher level data like file uploads/downloads can sometimes be reconstructed when using very vanilla methods. More advanced proxies might run or open downloaded files in a sandbox for dynamic analysis to identify potentially malicious properties, which has ",{"data":87966,"content":87968,"nodeType":883},{"uri":87967},"https://www.cyfirma.com/research/html-smuggling-a-stealthier-approach-to-deliver-malware/",[87969],{"data":87970,"marks":87971,"value":87973,"nodeType":864},{},[87972],{"type":1455},"given rise to techniques like HTML smuggling",{"data":87975,"marks":87976,"value":87977,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to hide these file downloads from advanced proxies. ",{"data":87979,"content":87980,"nodeType":860},{},[87981],{"data":87982,"marks":87983,"value":87984,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice this means that you might see that an endpoint at IP address X accessed google.com. If it’s an authenticated proxy, you might see the user of the endpoint as well. Using this data, it’s possible to see which endpoint’s owner accessed the web domain, but not the identity/account they used, or whether they actually logged in at all. So for the majority of in-house proxy setups not doing TLS-termination… that’s it. Even then, without decrypting TLS you can’t be sure you’re seeing the actual/final domain because of technologies like domain fronting that are commonly implemented in modern CDNs. ",{"data":87986,"content":87987,"nodeType":860},{},[87988,87992],{"data":87989,"marks":87990,"value":87991,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With TLS termination, it’s possible to see a lot more by inspecting/unpacking the HTTP data. At this point there are two possible approaches: Manual analysis after the fact, or automated analysis on the fly. ",{"data":87993,"marks":87994,"value":87996,"nodeType":864},{},[87995],{"type":899},"Unfortunately, there are problems with both options. ",{"data":87998,"content":87999,"nodeType":941},{},[88000,88020],{"data":88001,"content":88002,"nodeType":945},{},[88003],{"data":88004,"content":88005,"nodeType":860},{},[88006,88011,88015],{"data":88007,"marks":88008,"value":88010,"nodeType":864},{},[88009],{"type":899},"There is too much HTTP data to store and manually analyze everything:",{"data":88012,"marks":88013,"value":88014,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Usually, organizations limit the data being stored to specific metadata as opposed to trying to store everything (terabytes of data per day), which would be impossibly expensive to store (and also to build the server infrastructure required to index and search it – effectively a mini-datacenter). ",{"data":88016,"marks":88017,"value":88019,"nodeType":864},{},[88018],{"type":2246},"Not to mention that storing detailed HTTP body data presents a significant security risk, as it includes valid session tokens/cookies for all your identities…  ",{"data":88021,"content":88022,"nodeType":945},{},[88023],{"data":88024,"content":88025,"nodeType":860},{},[88026,88031,88035],{"data":88027,"marks":88028,"value":88030,"nodeType":864},{},[88029],{"type":899},"Each web app is custom, making automated analysis (virtually) impossible:",{"data":88032,"marks":88033,"value":88034,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Proxy-based solutions have to reconstruct the data after TLS encryption. HTTP data is usually stored in large application JSON/XML objects or even in totally custom encoding – per each app. This means that complex, custom code is required per each app to be able to perform automated analysis. When businesses today are using hundreds of apps on average, ",{"data":88036,"marks":88037,"value":88039,"nodeType":864},{},[88038],{"type":899},"automating this process is not feasible as it requires constant reverse engineering of every web app. ",{"data":88041,"content":88042,"nodeType":860},{},[88043],{"data":88044,"marks":88045,"value":88046,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So what does this mean? Well, even organizations with a TLS-terminating proxy are limited to manual analysis of select metadata after-the-fact, which massively reduces its utility. You could sink a day or more’s analysis into gathering a small amount of useful data, for example whether a URL was accessed, but not necessarily which device/user, or what account/creds were used to log in). This means you’re probably going to use proxy data to aid in the investigation of a known incident rather than anything proactive. ",{"data":88048,"content":88049,"nodeType":860},{},[88050,88055,88061],{"data":88051,"marks":88052,"value":88054,"nodeType":864},{},[88053],{"type":899},"It might be ",{"data":88056,"marks":88057,"value":88060,"nodeType":864},{},[88058,88059],{"type":2246},{"type":899},"theoretically",{"data":88062,"marks":88063,"value":88065,"nodeType":864},{},[88064],{"type":899}," possible to sift through decrypted HTTP data to identify and correlate identities and actions, effectively reconstructing web pages from the network traffic automatically and on the fly (in the same way that it’s theoretically possible to remove my head and transplant it onto your body), but is it practical or reasonable for most organizations to do this? No. ",{"data":88067,"content":88068,"nodeType":1009},{},[88069],{"data":88070,"marks":88071,"value":88073,"nodeType":864},{},[88072],{"type":899},"Browser data: a better alternative?",{"data":88075,"content":88076,"nodeType":860},{},[88077],{"data":88078,"marks":88079,"value":88080,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One way of overcoming some of the limitations of the classic web proxy setup is to use a browser-based solution. It’s much easier to collect data at the browser level before it’s encrypted. ",{"data":88082,"content":88083,"nodeType":860},{},[88084],{"data":88085,"marks":88086,"value":88087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A browser agent isn’t just a proxy for pre-TLS HTML data, though. In the browser, you’re able to dynamically interact with the DOM or the rendered web application, including its JS code. This makes it easy to find, for example, input fields for usernames and passwords. You can see what information the user is inputting and where, without needing to figure out how the data is encoded and sent back to the app. These are fairly generic fields that can be identified across your suite of apps without needing complex custom code. To put it in perspective, approximately 10 login cases cover the entirety of the SaaS apps we support (~1000). Using a proxy-based solution, each of these would require custom development.   ",{"data":88089,"content":88090,"nodeType":860},{},[88091],{"data":88092,"marks":88093,"value":88094,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While it's technically possible to keep track of multiple sessions for thousands of users across hundreds of apps via proxy, it’s no mean feat – made much easier when each extension is tracking one user, in one browser, and even knows the browser tab it’s running in. You also get additional context at the identity layer such as the email address, authentication protocol, and credentials used, neatly mapped to that specific user and browser profile – no more trying to link the owner of an IP address to log events!",{"data":88096,"content":88097,"nodeType":860},{},[88098],{"data":88099,"marks":88100,"value":88101,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser also has the added benefit of being a natural enforcement point. You can collect and analyze data dynamically, and produce an immediate response – rather than taking info away, analyzing it, and coming back with a detection minutes or hours later (and potentially prompting a manual response). ",{"data":88103,"content":88104,"nodeType":860},{},[88105],{"data":88106,"marks":88107,"value":88108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s look at a couple of examples based on how we’re using our browser agent to detect and block identity attacks. ",{"data":88110,"content":88111,"nodeType":941},{},[88112,88133,88153],{"data":88113,"content":88114,"nodeType":945},{},[88115],{"data":88116,"content":88117,"nodeType":860},{},[88118,88121,88129],{"data":88119,"marks":88120,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88122,"content":88123,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},[88124],{"data":88125,"marks":88126,"value":88128,"nodeType":864},{},[88127],{"type":1455},"Pinning passwords to the legitimate site they are linked with",{"data":88130,"marks":88131,"value":88132,"nodeType":864},{},[],". This is made possible by interacting with the DOM to observe passwords being entered – enabling the Push agent to intercept and block before an HTTP network request can even be made. ",{"data":88134,"content":88135,"nodeType":945},{},[88136],{"data":88137,"content":88138,"nodeType":860},{},[88139,88142,88149],{"data":88140,"marks":88141,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88143,"content":88144,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44242},[88145],{"data":88146,"marks":88147,"value":88148,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting and blocking malicious phishing tools",{"data":88150,"marks":88151,"value":88152,"nodeType":864},{},[]," running on websites by observing behavioral attributes in the browser, such as Javascript calls being made or data structures saved to local storage.",{"data":88154,"content":88155,"nodeType":945},{},[88156],{"data":88157,"content":88158,"nodeType":860},{},[88159,88162,88170],{"data":88160,"marks":88161,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88163,"content":88165,"nodeType":883},{"uri":88164},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/manage-third-party-data-access/",[88166],{"data":88167,"marks":88168,"value":88169,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Observing users signing up to and using risky apps",{"data":88171,"marks":88172,"value":88173,"nodeType":864},{},[],", or changing or removing authentication methods, MFA methods, and configuration methods, which could indicate account takeover. ",{"data":88175,"content":88176,"nodeType":860},{},[88177],{"data":88178,"marks":88179,"value":88180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s always useful to refer back to the concept of the Pyramid of Pain in these situations. The opportunities to detect and block in the browser tend to align with indicators at the apex of the pyramid, meaning they are a significant obstruction for attackers – and difficult to circumvent. This contrasts the indicators aligned with proxy-based solutions, which are much easier to bypass through, for example, IP masking using residential proxy networks, or changing the domains and URLs used for phishing campaigns.  ",{"data":88182,"content":88185,"nodeType":996},{"target":88183},{"sys":88184},{"id":44314,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":88187,"content":88188,"nodeType":860},{},[88189],{"data":88190,"marks":88191,"value":88192,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In summary: Browser data provides high-fidelity indicators of malicious activity, without the complications of proxy-based approaches. The scope for response in the browser is significant and immediate, meaning it’s a great enforcement point for security controls to be able to disrupt attacks. ",{"data":88194,"content":88195,"nodeType":1009},{},[88196],{"data":88197,"marks":88198,"value":88199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Won’t my app and IdP logs cover this?",{"data":88201,"content":88202,"nodeType":860},{},[88203],{"data":88204,"marks":88205,"value":88206,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App and IdP logs are useful (when you can get them), but neither give you the full picture. ",{"data":88208,"content":88209,"nodeType":1312},{},[88210],{"data":88211,"marks":88212,"value":88213,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App logs are limited in availability, scope, and ease of ingestion ",{"data":88215,"content":88216,"nodeType":860},{},[88217,88221,88230],{"data":88218,"marks":88219,"value":88220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"When relying on app logs, you’re naturally constrained by the app provider. Many smaller apps provide no security logging, while others ",{"data":88222,"content":88224,"nodeType":883},{"uri":88223},"https://audit-logs.tax/",[88225],{"data":88226,"marks":88227,"value":88229,"nodeType":864},{},[88228],{"type":1455},"lock security logging behind the premium tier subscription",{"data":88231,"marks":88232,"value":88233,"nodeType":864},{},[],". When logs are available, you’re limited to the events that the third-party deems suitable to log. ",{"data":88235,"content":88236,"nodeType":860},{},[88237],{"data":88238,"marks":88239,"value":88240,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Out of the 100 most popular apps we see across our customers, and perhaps the few dozen or so that are security critical, only a small handful provide any useful logging. This means, naturally, that the majority of apps do not. ",{"data":88242,"content":88243,"nodeType":860},{},[88244],{"data":88245,"marks":88246,"value":88247,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To top it all off, the process of extracting these logs and feeding them into your SIEM (or equivalent) is also not straightforward. The lack of out-of-the-box connectors for many apps means that complex custom architectures are required for collecting data. Some vendors place constraints on the format and mechanism for extracting logs which can make ingestion difficult to feed reliable detections – even before any meaningful analysis of the data can take place. ",{"data":88249,"content":88250,"nodeType":860},{},[88251],{"data":88252,"marks":88253,"value":88254,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Until application security logs are made widely available (and at no additional cost) it’s unlikely you’re going to be able to get the visibility you need from app logs, for every app your employees use (though of course there are exceptions – and we hope to see more vendors in future treating security as a minimum requirement, not a chargeable addon). ",{"data":88256,"content":88257,"nodeType":1312},{},[88258],{"data":88259,"marks":88260,"value":88261,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IdP logs cover only SSO integrated apps and are limited in scope",{"data":88263,"content":88264,"nodeType":860},{},[88265],{"data":88266,"marks":88267,"value":88268,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You might think, “but all of our business apps are behind SSO, right?” In reality, only about 1 in 3 apps support SSO (and even fewer at the ‘free’ tier). And in practice, our data shows us that only 1 in 5 apps on average are actually behind SSO per organization. The theoretical security benefit of IdP logs is that they provide context, a foundation for the user’s activity across (and between) a suite of apps. But because of the lack of coverage, this isn’t the case. ",{"data":88270,"content":88271,"nodeType":860},{},[88272],{"data":88273,"marks":88274,"value":88275,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IdP logs are naturally focused on authentication, and so don’t compensate for any gaps in app logging. Naturally, they are only able to observe what happens on the IdP side – and so are blind to client side attacks like phishing (which we’ve already shown the browser provides superior visibility of compared to typical alternatives like proxy logs).   ",{"data":88277,"content":88278,"nodeType":1312},{},[88279],{"data":88280,"marks":88281,"value":88282,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser is best for stopping identity attacks",{"data":88284,"content":88285,"nodeType":860},{},[88286],{"data":88287,"marks":88288,"value":88289,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is where the browser comes in. Think of your browser as your source of truth, a broad data baseline for user activity where the browser provides complete context of the browser profile, employee, accounts, credentials, auth methods, and MFA types – as well as employee interaction with web sites.",{"data":88291,"content":88292,"nodeType":860},{},[88293],{"data":88294,"marks":88295,"value":88296,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The TL;DR is that your visibility in the browser is theoretically limitless. Every page loaded (and its source, javascript state, local storage), every user interaction can be observed. And best of all, this analysis is done securely in the browser and only the results of detections are reported back, rather than decrypting the entire raw traffic stream including all session data in an additional centralized system. ",{"data":88298,"content":88302,"nodeType":996},{"target":88299},{"sys":88300},{"id":88301,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5jPCGPO1tnIkoI7MKW4oUi",[],{"data":88304,"content":88305,"nodeType":1009},{},[88306],{"data":88307,"marks":88308,"value":29517,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88310,"content":88311,"nodeType":860},{},[88312],{"data":88313,"marks":88314,"value":88315,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As an industry, we need to start looking at browser-based detection and response as the next logical evolution to stop identity attacks. There are clear parallels with the emergence of EDR – which came about because existing endpoint log sources were not sufficient. Today, we wouldn’t dream of trying to detect and respond to endpoint-based attacks without EDR – it’s time we started thinking about cloud identity attacks and the browser in the same way.  ","The web proxy is dead… long live the browser extension!","Right now the majority of detections for identity attacks rely on web proxy telemetry. Here’s why the browser can be a better alternative.","2024-06-11T00:00:00.000Z","the-web-proxy-is-dead-long-live-the-browser-extension",{"items":88321},[88322,88324],{"sys":88323,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"sys":88325,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"items":88327},[88328],{"fullName":2736,"firstName":2737,"jobTitle":2738,"profilePicture":88329},{"url":2740},{"__typename":2059,"sys":88331,"content":88332,"title":40305,"synopsis":40306,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":40307,"slug":40308,"tagsCollection":88606,"authorsCollection":88612},{"id":39991},{"json":88333},{"data":88334,"content":88335,"nodeType":856},{},[88336,88342,88358,88371,88377,88383,88386,88392,88398,88446,88452,88457,88460,88466,88472,88478,88484,88490,88504,88509,88515,88521,88535,88540,88546,88552,88558,88564,88570,88573,88579,88595,88600],{"data":88337,"content":88338,"nodeType":1009},{},[88339],{"data":88340,"marks":88341,"value":40002,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88343,"content":88344,"nodeType":860},{},[88345,88348,88355],{"data":88346,"marks":88347,"value":40009,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88349,"content":88350,"nodeType":883},{"uri":6955},[88351],{"data":88352,"marks":88353,"value":40017,"nodeType":864},{},[88354],{"type":1455},{"data":88356,"marks":88357,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88359,"content":88360,"nodeType":860},{},[88361,88364,88368],{"data":88362,"marks":88363,"value":40027,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88365,"marks":88366,"value":40032,"nodeType":864},{},[88367],{"type":1455},{"data":88369,"marks":88370,"value":40036,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88372,"content":88373,"nodeType":860},{},[88374],{"data":88375,"marks":88376,"value":40043,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88378,"content":88379,"nodeType":860},{},[88380],{"data":88381,"marks":88382,"value":40050,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88384,"content":88385,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":88387,"content":88388,"nodeType":1312},{},[88389],{"data":88390,"marks":88391,"value":40060,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88393,"content":88394,"nodeType":860},{},[88395],{"data":88396,"marks":88397,"value":40067,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88399,"content":88400,"nodeType":941},{},[88401,88410,88419,88428,88437],{"data":88402,"content":88403,"nodeType":945},{},[88404],{"data":88405,"content":88406,"nodeType":860},{},[88407],{"data":88408,"marks":88409,"value":40080,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88411,"content":88412,"nodeType":945},{},[88413],{"data":88414,"content":88415,"nodeType":860},{},[88416],{"data":88417,"marks":88418,"value":40090,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88420,"content":88421,"nodeType":945},{},[88422],{"data":88423,"content":88424,"nodeType":860},{},[88425],{"data":88426,"marks":88427,"value":40100,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88429,"content":88430,"nodeType":945},{},[88431],{"data":88432,"content":88433,"nodeType":860},{},[88434],{"data":88435,"marks":88436,"value":40110,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88438,"content":88439,"nodeType":945},{},[88440],{"data":88441,"content":88442,"nodeType":860},{},[88443],{"data":88444,"marks":88445,"value":40120,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88447,"content":88448,"nodeType":860},{},[88449],{"data":88450,"marks":88451,"value":40127,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88453,"content":88456,"nodeType":996},{"target":88454},{"sys":88455},{"id":40132,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":88458,"content":88459,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":88461,"content":88462,"nodeType":1312},{},[88463],{"data":88464,"marks":88465,"value":40143,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88467,"content":88468,"nodeType":860},{},[88469],{"data":88470,"marks":88471,"value":40150,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88473,"content":88474,"nodeType":860},{},[88475],{"data":88476,"marks":88477,"value":40157,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88479,"content":88480,"nodeType":860},{},[88481],{"data":88482,"marks":88483,"value":40164,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88485,"content":88486,"nodeType":860},{},[88487],{"data":88488,"marks":88489,"value":40171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88491,"content":88492,"nodeType":1312},{},[88493,88496,88501],{"data":88494,"marks":88495,"value":40178,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88497,"marks":88498,"value":40184,"nodeType":864},{},[88499,88500],{"type":1455},{"type":899},{"data":88502,"marks":88503,"value":40188,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88505,"content":88508,"nodeType":996},{"target":88506},{"sys":88507},{"id":40193,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":88510,"content":88511,"nodeType":860},{},[88512],{"data":88513,"marks":88514,"value":40201,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88516,"content":88517,"nodeType":860},{},[88518],{"data":88519,"marks":88520,"value":40208,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88522,"content":88523,"nodeType":1312},{},[88524,88527,88532],{"data":88525,"marks":88526,"value":40215,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88528,"marks":88529,"value":3053,"nodeType":864},{},[88530,88531],{"type":1455},{"type":899},{"data":88533,"marks":88534,"value":40224,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88536,"content":88539,"nodeType":996},{"target":88537},{"sys":88538},{"id":40229,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":88541,"content":88542,"nodeType":860},{},[88543],{"data":88544,"marks":88545,"value":40237,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88547,"content":88548,"nodeType":860},{},[88549],{"data":88550,"marks":88551,"value":40244,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88553,"content":88554,"nodeType":860},{},[88555],{"data":88556,"marks":88557,"value":40251,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88559,"content":88560,"nodeType":860},{},[88561],{"data":88562,"marks":88563,"value":40258,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88565,"content":88566,"nodeType":860},{},[88567],{"data":88568,"marks":88569,"value":40265,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88571,"content":88572,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":88574,"content":88575,"nodeType":1009},{},[88576],{"data":88577,"marks":88578,"value":38694,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88580,"content":88581,"nodeType":860},{},[88582,88585,88592],{"data":88583,"marks":88584,"value":40281,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88586,"content":88587,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[88588],{"data":88589,"marks":88590,"value":38715,"nodeType":864},{},[88591],{"type":1455},{"data":88593,"marks":88594,"value":40292,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":88596,"content":88599,"nodeType":996},{"target":88597},{"sys":88598},{"id":40297,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":88601,"content":88602,"nodeType":860},{},[88603],{"data":88604,"marks":88605,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"items":88607},[88608,88610],{"sys":88609,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":88611,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":88613},[88614],{"fullName":4878,"firstName":4879,"jobTitle":851,"profilePicture":88615},{"url":4881},"blog/how-aitm-phishing-kits-evade-detection",{"json":88618},{"data":88619,"content":88620,"nodeType":856},{},[88621],{"data":88622,"content":88623,"nodeType":860},{},[88624],{"data":88625,"marks":88626,"value":88627,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are getting creative with their AitM phishing toolkits, using several tricks to hide from the prying eyes of security teams and threat intelligence vendors. 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attacks have always been a go-to technique for both red teamers and real-world threat actors alike. Whether focused on harvesting creds or running malicious payloads, phishing has continued to be adapted to circumvent defenses and has remained highly effective due to this.",{"data":89869,"content":89870,"nodeType":860},{},[89871],{"data":89872,"marks":89873,"value":89874,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As MFA has become more common, classic password harvesting focused phishing attacks have become less effective. Typically, for a full account compromise, an MFA push notification or a one-time passcode (OTP) needs to be entered at the time of login. This means harvesting passwords and using them later is no longer effective alone, because an MFA factor is still required each time a valid login is performed.",{"data":89876,"content":89877,"nodeType":860},{},[89878],{"data":89879,"marks":89880,"value":89881,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adversary-in-the-Middle (AitM) phishing is a newer variant of phishing that allows attackers to circumvent MFA protection. In this article, we’re going to look at what AitM phishing is, how it works, and what you can do about it.",{"data":89883,"content":89884,"nodeType":1009},{},[89885],{"data":89886,"marks":89887,"value":89888,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What is AitM phishing?",{"data":89890,"content":89891,"nodeType":860},{},[89892],{"data":89893,"marks":89894,"value":89895,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing is a technique that uses dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection. ",{"data":89897,"content":89898,"nodeType":860},{},[89899],{"data":89900,"marks":89901,"value":89902,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While any login portal can be a target, attackers typically look for SSO login portals such as Microsoft Entra, Okta, or Google Workspace. This allows the target to log in successfully with a legitimate service they use and even continue to interact with it, while providing additional access to connected SSO apps if the attack is successful. ",{"data":89904,"content":89905,"nodeType":860},{},[89906],{"data":89907,"marks":89908,"value":89909,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. For example, if accessing their webmail, the user will see all their real emails; if accessing their cloud file store then all their real files will be present, etc. This gives the method an increased sense of authenticity and makes the compromise less obvious to the user. However, because the attacker is sitting in the middle of this connection, they are able to observe all interactions and also take control of the authenticated session to gain control of the user account. ",{"data":89911,"content":89912,"nodeType":860},{},[89913],{"data":89914,"marks":89915,"value":89916,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While this access is technically temporary, since the attacker is unable to re-authenticate in future without additional MFA prompts, in practice authenticated sessions can often last as long as 30 days or more if kept active. Additionally, there are a wide range of persistence techniques that allow an attacker to maintain some level of access to the user account and/or targeted application indefinitely. ",{"data":89918,"content":89919,"nodeType":860},{},[89920],{"data":89921,"marks":89922,"value":89923,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ll revisit this point later, but for now let’s consider the two main techniques that are used to implement AitM phishing: Reverse web proxies and Browser-in-the-Middle techniques.",{"data":89925,"content":89929,"nodeType":996},{"target":89926},{"sys":89927},{"id":89928,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6WEolDcviadCgAW4dCgTPW",[],{"data":89931,"content":89932,"nodeType":1312},{},[89933],{"data":89934,"marks":89935,"value":89936,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reverse web proxy techniques",{"data":89938,"content":89939,"nodeType":860},{},[89940],{"data":89941,"marks":89942,"value":89943,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One common AitM phishing approach is to use tooling that acts as a reverse web proxy. For example, let’s say a victim is tricked into visiting a malicious domain. Under the hood, HTTP requests are passed between the victim’s browser and the real site via the malicious site. When the malicious site receives an HTTP request, it forwards this request on to the legitimate site it is impersonating, receives the response, and then forwards that on to the victim. ",{"data":89945,"content":89946,"nodeType":860},{},[89947],{"data":89948,"marks":89949,"value":89950,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice, there are many technical challenges, such as rewriting all links and references to the impersonated site to ensure everything continues to be sent to the attacker. However, at a high level, it really is just acting as a reverse web proxy.",{"data":89952,"content":89953,"nodeType":860},{},[89954,89958,89965,89968,89975,89979,89986,89990,89997],{"data":89955,"marks":89956,"value":89957,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is arguably the most scalable and reliable approach from an attacker’s point of view. Open-source tools that demonstrate this method include ",{"data":89959,"content":89960,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75185},[89961],{"data":89962,"marks":89963,"value":75190,"nodeType":864},{},[89964],{"type":1455},{"data":89966,"marks":89967,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":89969,"content":89970,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75196},[89971],{"data":89972,"marks":89973,"value":75201,"nodeType":864},{},[89974],{"type":1455},{"data":89976,"marks":89977,"value":89978,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and the ever popular ",{"data":89980,"content":89981,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75207},[89982],{"data":89983,"marks":89984,"value":75212,"nodeType":864},{},[89985],{"type":1455},{"data":89987,"marks":89988,"value":89989,"nodeType":864},{},[],". In the criminal world, there are also similar private toolsets available that have been used in many breaches in the past. A good example of this would be ",{"data":89991,"content":89992,"nodeType":883},{"uri":75218},[89993],{"data":89994,"marks":89995,"value":75223,"nodeType":864},{},[89996],{"type":1455},{"data":89998,"marks":89999,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90001,"content":90002,"nodeType":860},{},[90003],{"data":90004,"marks":90005,"value":90006,"nodeType":864},{},[],"One downside to this approach is that there are controls that can be put in place to block it. For example, application developers can hide obfuscated JavaScript code that will fail if the correct value is not produced, checking that the origin matches the expected (legitimate) domains or contains encrypted tokens including this material sent as part of the login process. ",{"data":90008,"content":90009,"nodeType":860},{},[90010],{"data":90011,"marks":90012,"value":90013,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While your average small website is not going to be implementing such checks, major identity providers have a strong vested interest in evolving their defenses to block these techniques. At this point, it’s a cat-and-mouse game. ",{"data":90015,"content":90016,"nodeType":860},{},[90017,90021,90030],{"data":90018,"marks":90019,"value":90020,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to know more about this space, then definitely check out ",{"data":90022,"content":90024,"nodeType":883},{"uri":90023},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-Fh4sIdY8c",[90025],{"data":90026,"marks":90027,"value":90029,"nodeType":864},{},[90028],{"type":1455},"Kuba Gretzky’s talk on this at x33fcon",{"data":90031,"marks":90032,"value":40292,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90034,"content":90035,"nodeType":1312},{},[90036],{"data":90037,"marks":90038,"value":90039,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM) techniques ",{"data":90041,"content":90042,"nodeType":860},{},[90043],{"data":90044,"marks":90045,"value":90046,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Another common approach is known as Browser-in-the-Middle (BitM). Rather than act as a reverse web proxy, this technique tricks a target into directly controlling the attacker’s own browser remotely using desktop screen sharing and control approaches, much like VNC and RDP. This enables the attacker to harvest not just the username and password, but all other associated secrets and tokens that go along with the login. ",{"data":90048,"content":90049,"nodeType":860},{},[90050],{"data":90051,"marks":90052,"value":90053,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, the victim isn’t interacting with a fake website clone or proxy. They are literally remotely controlling the attacker’s browser to log in to the legitimate application without realizing. This is the virtual equivalent of an attacker handing their laptop to their victim, asking them to login to Okta for them, and then taking their laptop back afterwards. Thanks very much!",{"data":90055,"content":90056,"nodeType":860},{},[90057,90061,90069,90073,90082],{"data":90058,"marks":90059,"value":90060,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Practically speaking, the most common approach for implementing this technique is using the open-source project noVNC, which is a JavaScript-based VNC client that allows VNC to be used in the browser. Probably the most well-known example of an offensive tool implementing this is ",{"data":90062,"content":90063,"nodeType":883},{"uri":71150},[90064],{"data":90065,"marks":90066,"value":90068,"nodeType":864},{},[90067],{"type":1455},"EvilnoVNC",{"data":90070,"marks":90071,"value":90072,"nodeType":864},{},[],", which spins up Docker instances of VNC and proxies access to them, while also logging keystrokes and cookies to facilitate account compromise. Tools like ",{"data":90074,"content":90076,"nodeType":883},{"uri":90075},"https://posts.specterops.io/phishing-with-dynamite-7d33d8fac038",[90077],{"data":90078,"marks":90079,"value":90081,"nodeType":864},{},[90080],{"type":1455},"Cuddlephish",{"data":90083,"marks":90084,"value":90085,"nodeType":864},{},[]," offer similar functionality using WebRTC. ",{"data":90087,"content":90088,"nodeType":860},{},[90089,90093,90098],{"data":90090,"marks":90091,"value":90092,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The advantage of this approach is that ",{"data":90094,"marks":90095,"value":90097,"nodeType":864},{},[90096],{"type":899},"it is incredibly difficult for the target websites to do anything to stop it",{"data":90099,"marks":90100,"value":90101,"nodeType":864},{},[],". From their perspective, all they see is a legitimate browser accessing their website and logging in. None of the JavaScript tricks for checking the origin will work. They aren’t in a position to be able to see that the browser is secretly being controlled remotely by the victim user without their knowledge. ",{"data":90103,"content":90104,"nodeType":860},{},[90105],{"data":90106,"marks":90107,"value":90108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"On the downside, while noVNC can be extremely convincing, the illusion can sometimes be broken due to it not behaving exactly like a real website would due it being a graphical rendering. For example, something as simple as resizing the browser window can introduce render resolution issues. It’s also more difficult to scale for attacking large numbers of users than a reverse proxy technique.",{"data":90110,"content":90111,"nodeType":860},{},[90112],{"data":90113,"marks":90114,"value":90115,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Footnote: BitM is not to be confused with Browser-in-the-Browser (BitB), which is more of a malicious pop-up (think when a login button spawns a new browser window). ",{"data":90117,"content":90118,"nodeType":1009},{},[90119],{"data":90120,"marks":90121,"value":90122,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Beyond initial access",{"data":90124,"content":90125,"nodeType":860},{},[90126],{"data":90127,"marks":90128,"value":90129,"nodeType":864},{},[],"So maybe you’re thinking now “OK, sounds kinda bad, but I’m not that worried. Maybe some user accounts get compromised by this method despite all my MFA protections, but at least the attacker only has temporary access, right?” ",{"data":90131,"content":90132,"nodeType":860},{},[90133],{"data":90134,"marks":90135,"value":90136,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In theory, access is temporary as sessions time out. And if spotted, the security team can respond by killing the authenticated sessions and forcing password changes for the compromised users. Then the attacker is back to square one, right? Their session is lost, they still don’t have MFA, and even the password they keylogged has now been changed.",{"data":90138,"content":90139,"nodeType":860},{},[90140],{"data":90141,"marks":90142,"value":90143,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In practice, it’s not this simple. We mentioned earlier how SSO portals are often the most common targets for these attacks. For most modern organizations, this means their core identity provider, which just so happens to be the gateway to accessing many other web applications, whether internal applications or a multitude of SaaS applications. ",{"data":90145,"content":90146,"nodeType":860},{},[90147,90151,90160],{"data":90148,"marks":90149,"value":90150,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Let’s consider the example of an organization using Okta where their Okta login portal has been used as the target for AitM phishing. A smart attacker is going to immediately leverage this access to establish authenticated sessions on every single application that Okta provides the user access to. They are also going to ",{"data":90152,"content":90154,"nodeType":883},{"uri":90153},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/okta-swa/",[90155],{"data":90156,"marks":90157,"value":90159,"nodeType":864},{},[90158],{"type":1455},"abuse Okta SWA",{"data":90161,"marks":90162,"value":90163,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to steal valid credentials for whichever applications support this method. And if that’s not enough, there are a variety of simple methods to achieve persistence on most downstream SaaS applications and sometimes even identity providers themselves.",{"data":90165,"content":90166,"nodeType":860},{},[90167,90171,90178],{"data":90168,"marks":90169,"value":90170,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the full details of these persistence attacks are outside the scope of this article, more details on some key attacks can be found in a resource we created called the ",{"data":90172,"content":90173,"nodeType":883},{"uri":13395},[90174],{"data":90175,"marks":90176,"value":48508,"nodeType":864},{},[90177],{"type":1455},{"data":90179,"marks":90180,"value":90181,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Some of the most common techniques that apply here are: ",{"data":90183,"content":90184,"nodeType":941},{},[90185,90205,90226,90246,90266],{"data":90186,"content":90187,"nodeType":945},{},[90188],{"data":90189,"content":90190,"nodeType":860},{},[90191,90194,90202],{"data":90192,"marks":90193,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90195,"content":90196,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34597},[90197],{"data":90198,"marks":90199,"value":90201,"nodeType":864},{},[90200],{"type":1455},"SAT1004 - API keys",{"data":90203,"marks":90204,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90206,"content":90207,"nodeType":945},{},[90208],{"data":90209,"content":90210,"nodeType":860},{},[90211,90214,90223],{"data":90212,"marks":90213,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90215,"content":90217,"nodeType":883},{"uri":90216},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/link_sharing/description.md",[90218],{"data":90219,"marks":90220,"value":90222,"nodeType":864},{},[90221],{"type":1455},"SAT1022 - Link sharing",{"data":90224,"marks":90225,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90227,"content":90228,"nodeType":945},{},[90229],{"data":90230,"content":90231,"nodeType":860},{},[90232,90235,90243],{"data":90233,"marks":90234,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90236,"content":90237,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[90238],{"data":90239,"marks":90240,"value":90242,"nodeType":864},{},[90241],{"type":1455},"SAT1017 - Ghost logins",{"data":90244,"marks":90245,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90247,"content":90248,"nodeType":945},{},[90249],{"data":90250,"content":90251,"nodeType":860},{},[90252,90255,90263],{"data":90253,"marks":90254,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90256,"content":90257,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76693},[90258],{"data":90259,"marks":90260,"value":90262,"nodeType":864},{},[90261],{"type":1455},"SAT1027 - OAuth tokens",{"data":90264,"marks":90265,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90267,"content":90268,"nodeType":945},{},[90269],{"data":90270,"content":90271,"nodeType":860},{},[90272,90275,90283],{"data":90273,"marks":90274,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90276,"content":90277,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76165},[90278],{"data":90279,"marks":90280,"value":90282,"nodeType":864},{},[90281],{"type":1455},"SAT1033 - Shadow workflows",{"data":90284,"marks":90285,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90287,"content":90288,"nodeType":860},{},[90289],{"data":90290,"marks":90291,"value":90292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Suddenly, containing the breach just got a LOT more complicated.",{"data":90294,"content":90295,"nodeType":860},{},[90296,90300,90307],{"data":90297,"marks":90298,"value":90299,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s not just application-level lateral movement and persistence to worry about, though. It’s possible the attacker can start moving laterally across other user accounts. If they have selected their targets well, they might even find they have admin access to some downstream SaaS application that has been configured for SAML logins using Okta. For example, maybe they compromise a finance employee who has admin access to their business expenses SaaS application. Then the attacker might be able to use a new technique like ",{"data":90301,"content":90302,"nodeType":883},{"uri":35843},[90303],{"data":90304,"marks":90305,"value":35849,"nodeType":864},{},[90306],{"type":1455},{"data":90308,"marks":90309,"value":90310,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to start attacking other users in a watering hole attack to achieve lateral movement.",{"data":90312,"content":90313,"nodeType":1009},{},[90314],{"data":90315,"marks":90316,"value":90317,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Video demo – chaining it all together",{"data":90319,"content":90320,"nodeType":860},{},[90321],{"data":90322,"marks":90323,"value":90324,"nodeType":864},{},[],"OK, so we’ve just jumped from an account compromise for initial access using an AitM phishing attack to bringing up a huge number of other connected techniques. Let’s look at a quick video demonstration of an AitM phishing attack chained together with post-exploitation steps for persistence and lateral movement so we can see how it all fits together.",{"data":90326,"content":90327,"nodeType":860},{},[90328],{"data":90329,"marks":90330,"value":90331,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, we’ll use EvilnoVNC targeting Okta as the core example for the AitM phishing attack:",{"data":90333,"content":90337,"nodeType":996},{"target":90334},{"sys":90335},{"id":90336,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"QGTEWzmOL1vrgjXPuV4Gg",[],{"data":90339,"content":90340,"nodeType":860},{},[90341],{"data":90342,"marks":90343,"value":90344,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We can see here that AitM phishing attacks are not only highly effective even in the presence of MFA, but that post-exploitation steps have become so numerous that effective response and containment for even a low-privileged user account are now a significant challenge.",{"data":90346,"content":90347,"nodeType":1009},{},[90348],{"data":90349,"marks":90350,"value":90351,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Post-exploitation automation is coming",{"data":90353,"content":90354,"nodeType":860},{},[90355],{"data":90356,"marks":90357,"value":90358,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There is a saying that attacks only become more effective over time. In the past, toolsets like Metasploit and Cobalt Strike became increasingly focused on post-exploitation and automation to enable much more sophisticated compromises.",{"data":90360,"content":90361,"nodeType":860},{},[90362,90366,90377,90381,90386],{"data":90363,"marks":90364,"value":90365,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As AitM becomes increasingly popular (for example, researchers at Lab539 have reported ",{"data":90367,"content":90368,"nodeType":883},{"uri":72510},[90369,90374],{"data":90370,"marks":90371,"value":90373,"nodeType":864},{},[90372],{"type":1455},"a significant ramp up in attacker infrastructure linked to AitM campaigns",{"data":90375,"marks":90376,"value":20202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90378,"marks":90379,"value":90380,"nodeType":864},{},[]," it’s only a matter of time now before we see AitM phishing frameworks moving in the same direction and performing many of the lateral movement and persistence steps we saw above – automatically on every successful account compromise. The threat will increase ",{"data":90382,"marks":90383,"value":90385,"nodeType":864},{},[90384],{"type":899},"significantly",{"data":90387,"marks":90388,"value":90389,"nodeType":864},{},[]," when this becomes the case.",{"data":90391,"content":90392,"nodeType":1009},{},[90393],{"data":90394,"marks":90395,"value":90396,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Impact summary",{"data":90398,"content":90399,"nodeType":860},{},[90400],{"data":90401,"marks":90402,"value":90403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve covered a lot of ground here, so let’s take a step back and consider the key points of impact:",{"data":90405,"content":90406,"nodeType":941},{},[90407,90417,90427],{"data":90408,"content":90409,"nodeType":945},{},[90410],{"data":90411,"content":90412,"nodeType":860},{},[90413],{"data":90414,"marks":90415,"value":90416,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM phishing techniques are highly effective and increasingly common, and can bypass most common forms of MFA.",{"data":90418,"content":90419,"nodeType":945},{},[90420],{"data":90421,"content":90422,"nodeType":860},{},[90423],{"data":90424,"marks":90425,"value":90426,"nodeType":864},{},[],"These techniques are being used by real threat actors and red teamers alike, with both criminal and open-source tools available for performing these attacks.",{"data":90428,"content":90429,"nodeType":945},{},[90430],{"data":90431,"content":90432,"nodeType":860},{},[90433],{"data":90434,"marks":90435,"value":90436,"nodeType":864},{},[],"There are many options for lateral movement and persistence after an account compromise, so simple containment actions like password resets for SSO credentials are not nearly enough to contain a knowledgeable attacker.",{"data":90438,"content":90439,"nodeType":1009},{},[90440],{"data":90441,"marks":90442,"value":90443,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What can blue teams do about it?",{"data":90445,"content":90446,"nodeType":860},{},[90447],{"data":90448,"marks":90449,"value":90450,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s important that organizations develop their capability to detect and respond to AitM attacks. Possible approaches include:",{"data":90452,"content":90453,"nodeType":941},{},[90454,90469,90504,90532],{"data":90455,"content":90456,"nodeType":945},{},[90457],{"data":90458,"content":90459,"nodeType":860},{},[90460,90465],{"data":90461,"marks":90462,"value":90464,"nodeType":864},{},[90463],{"type":899},"Move to FIDO MFA where possible",{"data":90466,"marks":90467,"value":90468,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (though, if no more susceptible backup methods are enabled, this does introduce operational challenges if passkeys are lost).",{"data":90470,"content":90471,"nodeType":945},{},[90472],{"data":90473,"content":90474,"nodeType":860},{},[90475,90480,90483,90488,90492,90501],{"data":90476,"marks":90477,"value":90479,"nodeType":864},{},[90478],{"type":899},"Detect and block known-bad malicious",{"data":90481,"marks":90482,"value":1171,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90484,"marks":90485,"value":90487,"nodeType":864},{},[90486],{"type":899},"sites",{"data":90489,"marks":90490,"value":90491,"nodeType":864},{},[]," used in phishing campaigns. There are many threat intelligence feeds that can be ingested to achieve this. Usually, a domain has to be used in a malicious campaign before it can be catalogued – meaning there's typically a window of opportunity before the infrastructure is burned. That said, security researchers at Lab539 (yes, another shout out) have developed a way of identifying sites running AitM tooling – even before they are used for the first time. ",{"data":90493,"content":90495,"nodeType":883},{"uri":90494},"https://www.lab539.com/aitm",[90496],{"data":90497,"marks":90498,"value":90500,"nodeType":864},{},[90499],{"type":1455},"You can sign up to get access to their feed here.",{"data":90502,"marks":90503,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90505,"content":90506,"nodeType":945},{},[90507],{"data":90508,"content":90509,"nodeType":860},{},[90510,90515,90519,90528],{"data":90511,"marks":90512,"value":90514,"nodeType":864},{},[90513],{"type":899},"Introduce controls to detect phishing toolkits and cloned websites",{"data":90516,"marks":90517,"value":90518,"nodeType":864},{},[],". You can never rely on blocking malicious sites via TI feeds alone, so additional layers of defence are required. Push customers benefit from detection of AitM toolkits like Evilginx and EvilNoVNC in the browser (more to come on this soon!), while Thinkst Canary has developed ",{"data":90520,"content":90522,"nodeType":883},{"uri":90521},"https://blog.thinkst.com/2024/01/defending-against-the-attack-of-the-cloned-websites.html",[90523],{"data":90524,"marks":90525,"value":90527,"nodeType":864},{},[90526],{"type":1455},"methods of detecting whenever your website or login portal is cloned",{"data":90529,"marks":90530,"value":90531,"nodeType":864},{},[]," – very cool.  ",{"data":90533,"content":90534,"nodeType":945},{},[90535],{"data":90536,"content":90537,"nodeType":860},{},[90538,90543],{"data":90539,"marks":90540,"value":90542,"nodeType":864},{},[90541],{"type":899},"Update IR playbooks to to deal with SSO account compromise,",{"data":90544,"marks":90545,"value":90546,"nodeType":864},{},[]," factoring in lateral movement and persistence across cloud apps. This really necessitates that you understand what business apps your organization is using, how they are accessed (e.g. SSO or username and password) and what functionality exists that could be abused by an attacker. ",{"data":90548,"content":90549,"nodeType":860},{},[90550,90554,90561],{"data":90551,"marks":90552,"value":90553,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to know more about how Push detects and blocks phishing tools in the browser, you can ",{"data":90555,"content":90556,"nodeType":883},{"uri":44242},[90557],{"data":90558,"marks":90559,"value":90560,"nodeType":864},{},[],"check out our article here",{"data":90562,"marks":90563,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90565,"content":90566,"nodeType":1009},{},[90567],{"data":90568,"marks":90569,"value":29517,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90571,"content":90572,"nodeType":860},{},[90573],{"data":90574,"marks":90575,"value":90576,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve seen in this article how there are multiple ways to perform AitM phishing attacks and how they can be extremely effective at targeting users even when their accounts are protected by MFA.  ",{"data":90578,"content":90579,"nodeType":860},{},[90580],{"data":90581,"marks":90582,"value":90583,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Very few organizations are universally using phishing-resistant MFA, such as FIDO-based methods, and even those that do often have fallback options to handle situations where they cannot be used and/or tokens malfunction or are lost. Therefore, the vast majority of organizations are at risk of AitM phishing attacks.",{"data":90585,"content":90586,"nodeType":860},{},[90587],{"data":90588,"marks":90589,"value":90590,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To make things worse, there are lateral movement and persistence techniques that can be exploited to greatly extend the depth of compromise even for a single low-privilege user account. This makes response and containment a significant challenge.",{"data":90592,"content":90593,"nodeType":860},{},[90594,90598,90607,90610,90619,90623,90631,90635,90644],{"data":90595,"marks":90596,"value":90597,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Phishing attacks are clearly evolving. Phishing attacks are no longer limited to email-based delivery mechanisms or being hosted on custom domains. There are many options now for delivering phishing attacks using ",{"data":90599,"content":90601,"nodeType":883},{"uri":90600},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/slack-phishing-for-initial-access/",[90602],{"data":90603,"marks":90604,"value":90606,"nodeType":864},{},[90605],{"type":1455},"Slack",{"data":90608,"marks":90609,"value":18195,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":90611,"content":90613,"nodeType":883},{"uri":90612},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/phishing-microsoft-teams-for-initial-access/",[90614],{"data":90615,"marks":90616,"value":90618,"nodeType":864},{},[90617],{"type":1455},"Microsoft Teams",{"data":90620,"marks":90621,"value":90622,"nodeType":864},{},[],", using ",{"data":90624,"content":90625,"nodeType":883},{"uri":38988},[90626],{"data":90627,"marks":90628,"value":90630,"nodeType":864},{},[90629],{"type":1455},"SAMLjacking attacks",{"data":90632,"marks":90633,"value":90634,"nodeType":864},{},[]," to host the initial landing page on legitimate SaaS web domains or even using ",{"data":90636,"content":90638,"nodeType":883},{"uri":90637},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/oktajacking/",[90639],{"data":90640,"marks":90641,"value":90643,"nodeType":864},{},[90642],{"type":1455},"Okta to keylog credentials",{"data":90645,"marks":90646,"value":90647,"nodeType":864},{},[]," on behalf of the attacker. ",{"data":90649,"content":90650,"nodeType":860},{},[90651],{"data":90652,"marks":90653,"value":90654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Increasingly, we should expect to see AitM toolkits being used as a standard part of phishing campaigns, and featured in Initial Access Broker tooling – AitM will effectively supersede legacy phishing methods in line with MFA adoption. Rather, it already is. ",{"data":90656,"content":90657,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":90659,"content":90660,"nodeType":860},{},[90661],{"data":90662,"marks":90663,"value":90664,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you're interested in seeing some more AitM tools in action, you can watch our recent webinar on-demand via the link below. ",{"data":90666,"content":90669,"nodeType":996},{"target":90667},{"sys":90668},{"id":89928,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":90671,"content":90672,"nodeType":860},{},[90673],{"data":90674,"marks":90675,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attackers are using Adversary in the Middle (AitM) phishing toolkits to bypass MFA. 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Obviously these records won’t tell you anything about vulnerable accounts.  \n",{"data":93033,"content":93037,"nodeType":996},{"target":93034},{"sys":93035},{"id":93036,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3pLEarsM0oltdxGlkHATbB",[],{"data":93039,"content":93040,"nodeType":1009},{},[93041],{"data":93042,"marks":93043,"value":93044,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Step 2: Are any of our accounts currently vulnerable to account takeover through stolen creds?",{"data":93046,"content":93047,"nodeType":860},{},[93048],{"data":93049,"marks":93050,"value":93051,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If credentials are being sold on the dark web for a service your employees use, then you need to quickly determine whether any workforce accounts can be accessed using just the stolen credentials. 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",{"data":93111,"content":93112,"nodeType":1116},{},[93113],{"data":93114,"content":93115,"nodeType":860},{},[93116],{"data":93117,"marks":93118,"value":93119,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here at Push, we see that on average 1 in 3 users in every business reuse passwords across multiple accounts.",{"data":93121,"content":93122,"nodeType":860},{},[93123],{"data":93124,"marks":93125,"value":93126,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The password checks performed by Push also identify password reuse between applications. So if there’s a chance that a password has been stolen as part of the third-party data breach, you can make sure it’s changed across all applications. ",{"data":93128,"content":93132,"nodeType":996},{"target":93129},{"sys":93130},{"id":93131,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"X9axqTO6dWEe1Jy49hAyG",[],{"data":93134,"content":93135,"nodeType":1009},{},[93136],{"data":93137,"marks":93138,"value":93139,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Take action before breaches hit the headlines",{"data":93141,"content":93142,"nodeType":860},{},[93143],{"data":93144,"marks":93145,"value":93146,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The workflow described above takes seconds to perform in Push. 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This allows you to take action at the earliest possible opportunity and harden vulnerable accounts before any data breach is reported in the media. ",{"data":93162,"content":93163,"nodeType":860},{},[93164],{"data":93165,"marks":93166,"value":93167,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What this means for you is that next time you’re asked, “Does this affect us?” you can say you dealt with any issues way before it landed in the headlines. ",{"data":93169,"content":93173,"nodeType":996},{"target":93170},{"sys":93171},{"id":93172,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2vFMyWtMlxzTqqtvCPmlGW",[],{"data":93175,"content":93176,"nodeType":1312},{},[93177],{"data":93178,"marks":93179,"value":93180,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Do we need to log in to another security tool to do this?",{"data":93182,"content":93183,"nodeType":860},{},[93184,93188,93196],{"data":93185,"marks":93186,"value":93187,"nodeType":864},{},[],"No. Using the ",{"data":93189,"content":93190,"nodeType":883},{"uri":67112},[93191],{"data":93192,"marks":93193,"value":93195,"nodeType":864},{},[93194],{"type":1455},"Push API",{"data":93197,"marks":93198,"value":93199,"nodeType":864},{},[],", you can quickly gather relevant data to support the response to a third-party data breach in your SIEM or XDR solution.",{"data":93201,"content":93202,"nodeType":1312},{},[93203],{"data":93204,"marks":93205,"value":93206,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why not eliminate the risk of password-based attacks altogether? ",{"data":93208,"content":93209,"nodeType":860},{},[93210],{"data":93211,"marks":93212,"value":93213,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push gives you the ability to react quickly and decisively to a third-party data breach. But it also enables you to take proactive steps to eliminate the risk of password-based attacks altogether so stolen credentials from third-party data breaches no longer pose a threat to your business. ",{"data":93215,"content":93216,"nodeType":860},{},[93217],{"data":93218,"marks":93219,"value":93220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push does this by:",{"data":93222,"content":93223,"nodeType":941},{},[93224,93234,93244,93254],{"data":93225,"content":93226,"nodeType":945},{},[93227],{"data":93228,"content":93229,"nodeType":860},{},[93230],{"data":93231,"marks":93232,"value":93233,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stopping your employees from creating accounts with leaked, weak and reused passwords.",{"data":93235,"content":93236,"nodeType":945},{},[93237],{"data":93238,"content":93239,"nodeType":860},{},[93240],{"data":93241,"marks":93242,"value":93243,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Pinning passwords to individual apps. ",{"data":93245,"content":93246,"nodeType":945},{},[93247],{"data":93248,"content":93249,"nodeType":860},{},[93250],{"data":93251,"marks":93252,"value":93253,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Helping you to get all apps and accounts behind SSO.",{"data":93255,"content":93256,"nodeType":945},{},[93257],{"data":93258,"content":93259,"nodeType":860},{},[93260],{"data":93261,"marks":93262,"value":93263,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Blocking phishing attacks against your employees so their credentials aren’t stolen.",{"data":93265,"content":93266,"nodeType":860},{},[93267,93271,93278],{"data":93268,"marks":93269,"value":93270,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If you want to find out more about how Push can help you mitigate the risks of employee credentials being stolen in the third-party data breach, then ",{"data":93272,"content":93273,"nodeType":883},{"uri":8335},[93274],{"data":93275,"marks":93276,"value":5865,"nodeType":864},{},[93277],{"type":1455},{"data":93279,"marks":93280,"value":93281,"nodeType":864},{},[]," and we’ll be happy to show you. ","Investigating and responding to a third-party data breach using Push","How to use Push to investigate and respond to a third-party data breach, which results in credentials being stolen and sold on criminal marketplaces.  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These tools can mimic legitimate login screens in order to steal credentials and bypass MFA.",{"data":95426,"content":95427,"nodeType":860},{},[95428],{"data":95429,"marks":95430,"value":95431,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Send detections to your SIEM or similar monitoring tool and add malicious sites to a blocklist in Push.",{"data":95433,"content":95437,"nodeType":996},{"target":95434},{"sys":95435},{"id":95436,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"450I6V31ET3EbfgMiVBPBR",[],{"data":95439,"content":95440,"nodeType":860},{},[95441,95444,95452],{"data":95442,"marks":95443,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95445,"content":95448,"nodeType":6011},{"target":95446},{"sys":95447},{"id":17907,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[95449],{"data":95450,"marks":95451,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95453,"marks":95454,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95456,"content":95457,"nodeType":1312},{},[95458],{"data":95459,"marks":95460,"value":95461,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Identify session token theft ",{"data":95463,"content":95464,"nodeType":860},{},[95465,95469,95474,95478,95483],{"data":95466,"marks":95467,"value":95468,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can now use the Push browser agent to ",{"data":95470,"marks":95471,"value":95473,"nodeType":864},{},[95472],{"type":899},"inject a unique marker to the user agent string",{"data":95475,"marks":95476,"value":95477,"nodeType":864},{},[]," of sessions that occur in browsers enrolled in Push. By analyzing logs from your identity provider (e.g. Okta, Microsoft 365, etc.) or other app, you can use the marker to help you ",{"data":95479,"marks":95480,"value":95482,"nodeType":864},{},[95481],{"type":899},"find suspicious activity that indicates a stolen session cookie",{"data":95484,"marks":95485,"value":95486,"nodeType":864},{},[]," in use.",{"data":95488,"content":95489,"nodeType":860},{},[95490,95494,95499],{"data":95491,"marks":95492,"value":95493,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Detecting session hijacking is extremely difficult when relying on device-based monitoring using EDR and network traffic. But by giving legitimate sessions a stamp of approval using the Push browser agent, you can easily ",{"data":95495,"marks":95496,"value":95498,"nodeType":864},{},[95497],{"type":899},"identify access to apps from untrusted devices",{"data":95500,"marks":95501,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95503,"content":95504,"nodeType":860},{},[95505,95508,95516],{"data":95506,"marks":95507,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95509,"content":95512,"nodeType":6011},{"target":95510},{"sys":95511},{"id":58652,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[95513],{"data":95514,"marks":95515,"value":95398,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95517,"marks":95518,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95520,"content":95521,"nodeType":1312},{},[95522],{"data":95523,"marks":95524,"value":95525,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Configure a custom blocklist of URLs",{"data":95527,"content":95528,"nodeType":860},{},[95529,95533,95537],{"data":95530,"marks":95531,"value":95532,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Prevent employees from visiting malicious sites you detect by configuring a custom blocklist of URLs in Push using the ",{"data":95534,"marks":95535,"value":72855,"nodeType":864},{},[95536],{"type":899},{"data":95538,"marks":95539,"value":95540,"nodeType":864},{},[]," feature. You can customize the message shown to end-users by adding your own links and instructions. Use Push’s REST API to programmatically manage URL blocking as part of responding to a phishing incident.",{"data":95542,"content":95543,"nodeType":860},{},[95544,95548,95553],{"data":95545,"marks":95546,"value":95547,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can use this alongside other Push features like phishing tool detection to ",{"data":95549,"marks":95550,"value":95552,"nodeType":864},{},[95551],{"type":899},"block access to known-bad sites",{"data":95554,"marks":95555,"value":95556,"nodeType":864},{},[]," you find. ",{"data":95558,"content":95562,"nodeType":996},{"target":95559},{"sys":95560},{"id":95561,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1S7cuS7qo5jTcEg7RPPZu6",[],{"data":95564,"content":95565,"nodeType":860},{},[95566,95569,95577],{"data":95567,"marks":95568,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95570,"content":95573,"nodeType":6011},{"target":95571},{"sys":95572},{"id":72893,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[95574],{"data":95575,"marks":95576,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95578,"marks":95579,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95581,"content":95582,"nodeType":1312},{},[95583],{"data":95584,"marks":95585,"value":95586,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Require end-users to submit a reason when using an app",{"data":95588,"content":95589,"nodeType":860},{},[95590,95594,95599,95603,95608],{"data":95591,"marks":95592,"value":95593,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ve expanded our popular app banners feature to include a ",{"data":95595,"marks":95596,"value":95598,"nodeType":864},{},[95597],{"type":899},"Reason",{"data":95600,"marks":95601,"value":95602,"nodeType":864},{},[]," mode that allows you to configure a custom message and require employees to submit a reason ",{"data":95604,"marks":95605,"value":95607,"nodeType":864},{},[95606],{"type":899},"why they need to use a specific app",{"data":95609,"marks":95610,"value":95611,"nodeType":864},{},[]," before they can proceed to log in.",{"data":95613,"content":95617,"nodeType":996},{"target":95614},{"sys":95615},{"id":95616,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6Q7kU16LZdTm8RsyLy660J",[],{"data":95619,"content":95620,"nodeType":860},{},[95621,95624,95632],{"data":95622,"marks":95623,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95625,"content":95628,"nodeType":6011},{"target":95626},{"sys":95627},{"id":18224,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[95629],{"data":95630,"marks":95631,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95633,"marks":95634,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95636,"content":95637,"nodeType":1312},{},[95638],{"data":95639,"marks":95640,"value":95641,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Monitor ‘other apps’ list via Push API and webhooks",{"data":95643,"content":95644,"nodeType":860},{},[95645,95649,95654,95658,95668],{"data":95646,"marks":95647,"value":95648,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can now keep a closer eye on ",{"data":95650,"marks":95651,"value":95653,"nodeType":864},{},[95652],{"type":899},"all new observed cloud apps",{"data":95655,"marks":95656,"value":95657,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by using the Push API and webhooks to notify you of new entries on the ",{"data":95659,"content":95663,"nodeType":6011},{"target":95660},{"sys":95661},{"id":95662,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"WciLKam7PCkbAASOdfiEw",[95664],{"data":95665,"marks":95666,"value":95667,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“other apps” list",{"data":95669,"marks":95670,"value":95671,"nodeType":864},{},[]," or to retrieve specific details about accounts on these apps. The “other apps” list consists of apps accessed by employees that Push doesn’t recognize as work apps but that may still be relevant to your operations. ",{"data":95673,"content":95674,"nodeType":860},{},[95675,95678,95684],{"data":95676,"marks":95677,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95679,"content":95680,"nodeType":883},{"uri":72612},[95681],{"data":95682,"marks":95683,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95685,"marks":95686,"value":73258,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Product release: May 2024","Here’s what’s new on the Push platform for May 2024.","2024-05-22T00:00:00.000Z","product-release-may-2024",{"items":95692},[95693],{"sys":95694,"name":58890},{"id":58889},{"items":95696},[95697],{"fullName":95698,"firstName":95699,"jobTitle":95700,"profilePicture":95701},"Andy Waugh","Andy","VP Product",{"url":95702},"https://images.ctfassets.net/y1cdw1ablpvd/3Rf76rJn6S9inMb4dUnAIJ/0a787f8141d05b95300e2fe77c4493fa/DSC_6868.jpg",{"__typename":2059,"sys":95704,"content":95705,"title":94499,"synopsis":96232,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":96233,"slug":94500,"tagsCollection":96234,"authorsCollection":96240},{"id":86370},{"json":95706},{"data":95707,"content":95708,"nodeType":856},{},[95709,95715,95721,95728,95735,95750,95783,95790,95798,95803,95818,95826,95832,95839,95846,95853,95860,95868,95875,95890,95906,95911,95918,95936,95954,95961,95984,95991,96014,96030,96037,96056,96063,96137,96144,96160,96167,96174,96181,96188,96204,96210,96216],{"data":95710,"content":95711,"nodeType":860},{},[95712],{"data":95713,"marks":95714,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95716,"content":95720,"nodeType":996},{"target":95717},{"sys":95718},{"id":95719,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5cseu1Cre2FrSQrIhSFxQw",[],{"data":95722,"content":95723,"nodeType":860},{},[95724],{"data":95725,"marks":95726,"value":95727,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Reliably detecting phishing sites is like trying to hit a moving target, as malicious websites and domains emerge, get taken down, and re-emerge continuously across the sprawl of the web.",{"data":95729,"content":95730,"nodeType":860},{},[95731],{"data":95732,"marks":95733,"value":95734,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Existing phishing prevention solutions have tried to solve the problem by protecting the inbox, a common (but not the only) attack vector, or by chasing lists of known-bad domains.",{"data":95736,"content":95737,"nodeType":860},{},[95738,95742,95747],{"data":95739,"marks":95740,"value":95741,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But these approaches have ",{"data":95743,"marks":95744,"value":95746,"nodeType":864},{},[95745],{"type":899},"two major shortcomings",{"data":95748,"marks":95749,"value":44128,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95751,"content":95752,"nodeType":941},{},[95753,95768],{"data":95754,"content":95755,"nodeType":945},{},[95756],{"data":95757,"content":95758,"nodeType":860},{},[95759,95764],{"data":95760,"marks":95761,"value":95763,"nodeType":864},{},[95762],{"type":899},"Lack of coverage:",{"data":95765,"marks":95766,"value":95767,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Email-based phishing prevention tools can catch general spray-and-pray email phishing campaigns, but it only takes a small amount of tailoring to fly under their radar. The use of LLM tools to tailor phishing emails for their intended victims already makes this possible at scale. Email-based tools also fail to cover phishing attacks beyond the inbox, such as Slack and Teams phishing.",{"data":95769,"content":95770,"nodeType":945},{},[95771],{"data":95772,"content":95773,"nodeType":860},{},[95774,95779],{"data":95775,"marks":95776,"value":95778,"nodeType":864},{},[95777],{"type":899},"Expired intel:",{"data":95780,"marks":95781,"value":95782,"nodeType":864},{},[]," Tools that rely on known-bad domains always have an incomplete picture because a domain must be reported as malicious in order to get added to a blocklist. Meanwhile, attackers can spin up new sites or host phishing pages on existing sites by exploiting vulnerabilities in them, bypassing rules around preventing visits to newly registered domains. ",{"data":95784,"content":95785,"nodeType":860},{},[95786],{"data":95787,"marks":95788,"value":95789,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using Push’s unique vantage point in the browser, we set out to attack this problem from a new angle. ",{"data":95791,"content":95792,"nodeType":860},{},[95793],{"data":95794,"marks":95795,"value":95797,"nodeType":864},{},[95796],{"type":899},"Instead of trying to detect phishing websites and domains that constantly change, we can now detect (and block!) phishing attempts based on directly observing user behavior in the browser.",{"data":95799,"content":95802,"nodeType":996},{"target":95800},{"sys":95801},{"id":93172,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":95804,"content":95805,"nodeType":860},{},[95806,95810,95814],{"data":95807,"marks":95808,"value":95809,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Our latest feature, ",{"data":95811,"marks":95812,"value":69533,"nodeType":864},{},[95813],{"type":899},{"data":95815,"marks":95816,"value":95817,"nodeType":864},{},[],", detects and blocks when a user enters their identity provider password on a webpage that does not belong to the IdP (e.g Okta, Google Workspace, Microsoft 365, etc.).",{"data":95819,"content":95820,"nodeType":860},{},[95821],{"data":95822,"marks":95823,"value":95825,"nodeType":864},{},[95824],{"type":899},"This means that even if that employee was the first person to get phished using a new attacker site, Push still detects it and blocks it.",{"data":95827,"content":95831,"nodeType":996},{"target":95828},{"sys":95829},{"id":95830,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4eCSQGec7mozFLDucNMO7m",[],{"data":95833,"content":95834,"nodeType":1312},{},[95835],{"data":95836,"marks":95837,"value":95838,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How does it work?",{"data":95840,"content":95841,"nodeType":860},{},[95842],{"data":95843,"marks":95844,"value":95845,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Instead of detecting a phishing page based on a known-bad signature, the Push browser agent dynamically inspects user behavior and the attributes of the page itself.",{"data":95847,"content":95848,"nodeType":860},{},[95849],{"data":95850,"marks":95851,"value":95852,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The browser agent works by observing all logins and generating a salted partial hash of the user’s password, known as a fingerprint. This fingerprint is then stored locally to allow Push to perform comparisons. ",{"data":95854,"content":95855,"nodeType":860},{},[95856],{"data":95857,"marks":95858,"value":95859,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To detect potential phishing attacks, the browser agent compares the observed password fingerprint to known fingerprints for identity provider passwords that already exist in local storage. ",{"data":95861,"content":95862,"nodeType":860},{},[95863],{"data":95864,"marks":95865,"value":95867,"nodeType":864},{},[95866],{"type":899},"If an employee enters a known IdP password on a webpage that Push doesn’t recognize, Push blocks it. ",{"data":95869,"content":95870,"nodeType":860},{},[95871],{"data":95872,"marks":95873,"value":95874,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once you’ve discovered a malicious site, use Push’s companion feature, URL blocking, to add the domain to a blocklist and prevent your other end-users from visiting the site. ",{"data":95876,"content":95877,"nodeType":860},{},[95878,95881,95887],{"data":95879,"marks":95880,"value":75081,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95882,"content":95883,"nodeType":883},{"uri":72612},[95884],{"data":95885,"marks":95886,"value":75088,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95888,"marks":95889,"value":75092,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95891,"content":95892,"nodeType":860},{},[95893,95897,95902],{"data":95894,"marks":95895,"value":95896,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Push administrators can configure SSO password protection in Monitor, Warn, or Block modes to first observe how often employees are re-using IdP credentials on other sites, eliminating any false positives by adding them to an ignore list, and then turning on Warn or Block to ",{"data":95898,"marks":95899,"value":95901,"nodeType":864},{},[95900],{"type":899},"show a custom message",{"data":95903,"marks":95904,"value":95905,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that either provides a speedbump for users (“Are you sure this isn’t a phishing site?”) or prevents them from logging in altogether.",{"data":95907,"content":95910,"nodeType":996},{"target":95908},{"sys":95909},{"id":21129,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[],{"data":95912,"content":95913,"nodeType":860},{},[95914],{"data":95915,"marks":95916,"value":95917,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Supported identity providers include Okta, Microsoft 365, Google Workspace, JumpCloud, Duo and Ping Identity. ",{"data":95919,"content":95920,"nodeType":860},{},[95921,95925,95932],{"data":95922,"marks":95923,"value":95924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can also ",{"data":95926,"content":95927,"nodeType":883},{"uri":58395},[95928],{"data":95929,"marks":95930,"value":95931,"nodeType":864},{},[],"get alerted",{"data":95933,"marks":95934,"value":95935,"nodeType":864},{},[]," via webhook when Push detects a suspected phishing event.",{"data":95937,"content":95938,"nodeType":860},{},[95939,95943,95951],{"data":95940,"marks":95941,"value":95942,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Learn more about how it works and the end-user experience in our ",{"data":95944,"content":95947,"nodeType":6011},{"target":95945},{"sys":95946},{"id":18162,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[95948],{"data":95949,"marks":95950,"value":36480,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95952,"marks":95953,"value":2924,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95955,"content":95956,"nodeType":1312},{},[95957],{"data":95958,"marks":95959,"value":95960,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But what about … ",{"data":95962,"content":95963,"nodeType":860},{},[95964,95968,95972,95975,95980],{"data":95965,"marks":95966,"value":95967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Yes, we believe ",{"data":95969,"marks":95970,"value":457,"nodeType":864},{},[95971],{"type":899},{"data":95973,"marks":95974,"value":902,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":95976,"marks":95977,"value":95979,"nodeType":864},{},[95978],{"type":899},"conditional access policies",{"data":95981,"marks":95982,"value":95983,"nodeType":864},{},[]," are important parts of a defense-in-depth strategy against phishing — in addition to protecting IdP credentials directly in the browser.",{"data":95985,"content":95986,"nodeType":860},{},[95987],{"data":95988,"marks":95989,"value":95990,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s why MFA and conditional access policies aren’t enough:",{"data":95992,"content":95993,"nodeType":941},{},[95994,96004],{"data":95995,"content":95996,"nodeType":945},{},[95997],{"data":95998,"content":95999,"nodeType":860},{},[96000],{"data":96001,"marks":96002,"value":96003,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MFA is not infallible and not all MFA methods are created equal. Methods such as SMS, TOTP, or even push notifications are phishable. Even if your employees are also using more phishing-resistant forms of MFA, such as WebAuthn, it’s common for accounts to use multiple MFA methods and an attacker need only target the weakest one. An attacker in possession of an SSO password also has leverage to socially engineer an authentication reset, including an MFA reset.",{"data":96005,"content":96006,"nodeType":945},{},[96007],{"data":96008,"content":96009,"nodeType":860},{},[96010],{"data":96011,"marks":96012,"value":96013,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s worryingly common for us to deploy Push and find that a customer’s conditional access policies aren’t implemented as they are designed to be. The most common reason is that admins have to create so many exceptions to allow for real-world situations that policies become complex and full of gaps.",{"data":96015,"content":96016,"nodeType":860},{},[96017,96021,96026],{"data":96018,"marks":96019,"value":96020,"nodeType":864},{},[],"And of course, protecting ",{"data":96022,"marks":96023,"value":96025,"nodeType":864},{},[96024],{"type":2246},"all",{"data":96027,"marks":96028,"value":96029,"nodeType":864},{},[]," your organization’s passwords is important. In fact, we’re currently developing this feature further so it will do just that! We focus here on IdP passwords because they’re a higher-value target for attackers — and the frequent target of recent real-world attacks.",{"data":96031,"content":96032,"nodeType":1312},{},[96033],{"data":96034,"marks":96035,"value":96036,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Why IdP accounts?",{"data":96038,"content":96039,"nodeType":860},{},[96040,96044,96052],{"data":96041,"marks":96042,"value":96043,"nodeType":864},{},[],"IdP accounts have been targeted in several high-profile recent attacks, like those carried out by Scattered Spider against MGM resorts and in the Retool breach. You can read more about them in our ",{"data":96045,"content":96048,"nodeType":6011},{"target":96046},{"sys":96047},{"id":86261,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[96049],{"data":96050,"marks":96051,"value":74818,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":96053,"marks":96054,"value":96055,"nodeType":864},{},[]," blog article.",{"data":96057,"content":96058,"nodeType":860},{},[96059],{"data":96060,"marks":96061,"value":96062,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the cloud-first world, a compromised IdP account is like a compromised user workstation. It gives an attacker a solid initial foothold from which they can operate:",{"data":96064,"content":96065,"nodeType":941},{},[96066,96088],{"data":96067,"content":96068,"nodeType":945},{},[96069],{"data":96070,"content":96071,"nodeType":860},{},[96072,96076,96085],{"data":96073,"marks":96074,"value":96075,"nodeType":864},{},[],"They instantly get access to all the apps the compromised user was accessing with SSO. It’s easy to move laterally to sensitive apps or to apps where the user has admin privileges. 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Ransomware grabs the headlines, and rightly so in many cases, but phishing feels like a “known known” that we have a plan for (even if the plan often fails). ",{"data":97576,"content":97577,"nodeType":860},{},[97578,97582,97591],{"data":97579,"marks":97580,"value":97581,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In fact, there’s a problem with messaging generally. The ",{"data":97583,"content":97585,"nodeType":883},{"uri":97584},"https://www.verizon.com/business/resources/T78/reports/data-breach-investigation-report_2015.pdf",[97586],{"data":97587,"marks":97588,"value":97590,"nodeType":864},{},[97589],{"type":1455},"2015 Verizon DBIR",{"data":97592,"marks":97593,"value":97594,"nodeType":864},{},[]," contains plenty of stats that still ring largely true today. For example:",{"data":97596,"content":97597,"nodeType":941},{},[97598,97608],{"data":97599,"content":97600,"nodeType":945},{},[97601],{"data":97602,"content":97603,"nodeType":860},{},[97604],{"data":97605,"marks":97606,"value":97607,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In the 2013 DBIR, phishing was associated with over 95% of incidents attributed to state sponsored actors, and for two years running, more than two-thirds of incidents have featured phishing",{"data":97609,"content":97610,"nodeType":945},{},[97611],{"data":97612,"content":97613,"nodeType":860},{},[97614],{"data":97615,"marks":97616,"value":97617,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In 60% of cases, attackers are able to compromise an organization within minutes",{"data":97619,"content":97620,"nodeType":860},{},[97621],{"data":97622,"marks":97623,"value":97624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Remove the dates and a lot of the report still stands up. ",{"data":97626,"content":97627,"nodeType":1312},{},[97628],{"data":97629,"marks":97630,"value":97631,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Bad then, worse now",{"data":97633,"content":97634,"nodeType":860},{},[97635,97639,97644,97648,97653],{"data":97636,"marks":97637,"value":97638,"nodeType":864},{},[],"But browser-based identity attacks ",{"data":97640,"marks":97641,"value":97643,"nodeType":864},{},[97642],{"type":899},"are",{"data":97645,"marks":97646,"value":97647,"nodeType":864},{},[]," worse than they used to be. 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The modern way of working means that applications are more often than not directly exposed to the internet — and the only thing needed to access these apps are identities. ",{"data":97688,"marks":97689,"value":97691,"nodeType":864},{},[97690],{"type":899},"Naturally, it's much harder to stop credential stuffing attacks against 100 SaaS apps than the single centralized external VPN/webmail endpoint of yesteryear. ",{"data":97693,"content":97694,"nodeType":860},{},[97695],{"data":97696,"marks":97697,"value":97698,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It’s clear that stats alone don’t adequately capture the identity threat. So we have to look beyond the numbers to find out why. ",{"data":97700,"content":97701,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":97703,"content":97704,"nodeType":1009},{},[97705],{"data":97706,"marks":97707,"value":97708,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using this resource",{"data":97710,"content":97711,"nodeType":860},{},[97712],{"data":97713,"marks":97714,"value":97715,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To cut through some of the noise, we’ve compiled this list of reported attacks and explored what they mean for the identity threat landscape. ",{"data":97717,"content":97718,"nodeType":860},{},[97719,97723,97728],{"data":97720,"marks":97721,"value":97722,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all attacks involving the compromise of digital identities (the list would be endless!). Nor is it something you should read all in one go (unless you ",{"data":97724,"marks":97725,"value":97727,"nodeType":864},{},[97726],{"type":2246},"really",{"data":97729,"marks":97730,"value":97731,"nodeType":864},{},[]," want to, we won’t stop you). We want it to be a resource that you can refer back to, that we will continue to update as new attacks are recorded. ",{"data":97733,"content":97734,"nodeType":860},{},[97735,97739],{"data":97736,"marks":97737,"value":97738,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this context we define identity attacks as ",{"data":97740,"marks":97741,"value":97743,"nodeType":864},{},[97742],{"type":899},"attacks targeting cloud identities and their associated identity management systems, protocols, applications, and infrastructure. ",{"data":97745,"content":97746,"nodeType":860},{},[97747,97751],{"data":97748,"marks":97749,"value":97750,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacks recorded below are high profile examples of browser-based identity attacks",{"data":97752,"marks":97753,"value":97754,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that demonstrate how threat actors are leveraging the cloud identity plane to evade established cyber defenses and traverse new attack paths to achieve their goals. We’ve focused on attacks targeting identity infrastructure itself that are notable for their bypassing of traditional environments and established controls (e.g. Networkless or SaaS-to-SaaS attack paths). ",{"data":97756,"content":97757,"nodeType":860},{},[97758,97762,97769,97773,97782],{"data":97759,"marks":97760,"value":97761,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As with all publicly disclosed breaches, the level of detail and transparency we see varies. Where possible, we've mapped the threat actor Tactics, Techniques and Procedures to our ",{"data":97763,"content":97764,"nodeType":883},{"uri":12780},[97765],{"data":97766,"marks":97767,"value":6154,"nodeType":864},{},[97768],{"type":1455},{"data":97770,"marks":97771,"value":97772,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (previously the SaaS Attack Matrix). To learn more about SaaS attack techniques ",{"data":97774,"content":97776,"nodeType":883},{"uri":97775},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/saas-attack-techniques/#id-problems-with-observing-saas-attacks",[97777],{"data":97778,"marks":97779,"value":97781,"nodeType":864},{},[97780],{"type":1455},"read the blog",{"data":97783,"marks":97784,"value":1774,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":97786,"content":97787,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":97789,"content":97790,"nodeType":1009},{},[97791],{"data":97792,"marks":97793,"value":97794,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Snowflake – June 2024",{"data":97796,"content":97797,"nodeType":860},{},[97798,97802,97811],{"data":97799,"marks":97800,"value":97801,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat group known as ShinyHunters (also tracked as UNC5537) has claimed responsibility for breaching multiple organizations using Snowflake, a cloud-based data warehousing and analytics platform. The breach stems from the historical compromise of credentials used to access customer-specific Snowflake tenants, via infostealer infections. These credentials were used as part of a targeted campaign against Snowflake customers, which was exacerbated by the widespread absence of MFA due to the lack of MFA enforcement by default. At the time of writing, approximately 165 customers have been impacted globally ",{"data":97803,"content":97805,"nodeType":883},{"uri":97804},"https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/threat-intelligence/unc5537-snowflake-data-theft-extortion",[97806],{"data":97807,"marks":97808,"value":97810,"nodeType":864},{},[97809],{"type":1455},"according to a report by Mandiant",{"data":97812,"marks":97813,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":97815,"content":97816,"nodeType":1312},{},[97817],{"data":97818,"marks":97819,"value":97820,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did Snowflake get breached?",{"data":97822,"content":97823,"nodeType":860},{},[97824],{"data":97825,"marks":97826,"value":97828,"nodeType":864},{},[97827],{"type":2246},"It’s worth noting that customers/users of Snowflake were breached via their Snowflake tenants, and no central breach of Snowflake's own systems occurred.",{"data":97830,"content":97831,"nodeType":941},{},[97832,97842,97865,97875,97885,97895,97905,97915],{"data":97833,"content":97834,"nodeType":945},{},[97835],{"data":97836,"content":97837,"nodeType":860},{},[97838],{"data":97839,"marks":97840,"value":97841,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Snowflake users were infected with infostealer malware that harvested credentials from user devices over an extended period. The threat actor used Snowflake customer credentials that were previously exposed via several infostealer malware variants, including; VIDAR, RISEPRO, REDLINE, RACOON STEALER, LUMMA and METASTEALER.",{"data":97843,"content":97844,"nodeType":945},{},[97845],{"data":97846,"content":97847,"nodeType":860},{},[97848,97852,97861],{"data":97849,"marks":97850,"value":97851,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credentials appeared on criminal marketplaces e.g. dark web forums and ",{"data":97853,"content":97855,"nodeType":883},{"uri":97854},"https://www.troyhunt.com/telegram-combolists-and-361m-email-addresses/",[97856],{"data":97857,"marks":97858,"value":97860,"nodeType":864},{},[97859],{"type":1455},"Telegram channels",{"data":97862,"marks":97863,"value":97864,"nodeType":864},{},[]," as combolists (username, password, and login portal combinations). ",{"data":97866,"content":97867,"nodeType":945},{},[97868],{"data":97869,"content":97870,"nodeType":860},{},[97871],{"data":97872,"marks":97873,"value":97874,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Criminal groups (either ShinyHunters or another organization) saw the potential in targeting Snowflake users, based on the availability of credentials, number of customer organizations, and the value of the data that can be accessed in Snowflake. ",{"data":97876,"content":97877,"nodeType":945},{},[97878],{"data":97879,"content":97880,"nodeType":860},{},[97881],{"data":97882,"marks":97883,"value":97884,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters embarked on a large-scale campaign targeting Snowflake customer accounts using previously breached credentials. ",{"data":97886,"content":97887,"nodeType":945},{},[97888],{"data":97889,"content":97890,"nodeType":860},{},[97891],{"data":97892,"marks":97893,"value":97894,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters accessed user accounts that lacked MFA, belonging to approximately 165 Snowflake customers. ",{"data":97896,"content":97897,"nodeType":945},{},[97898],{"data":97899,"content":97900,"nodeType":860},{},[97901],{"data":97902,"marks":97903,"value":97904,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters used SQL-based reconnaissance, staging, and data exfiltration techniques, expedited by custom hacker tooling developed specifically for Snowflake, to conduct attacks at scale.",{"data":97906,"content":97907,"nodeType":945},{},[97908],{"data":97909,"content":97910,"nodeType":860},{},[97911],{"data":97912,"marks":97913,"value":97914,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters acquired massive quantities of Snowflake data based on the information that each customer stored in Snowflake or connected apps. The most sensitive data declared so far pertains to end-customers of each victim, for example PII, bank account and card information, etc.  ",{"data":97916,"content":97917,"nodeType":945},{},[97918],{"data":97919,"content":97920,"nodeType":860},{},[97921],{"data":97922,"marks":97923,"value":97924,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ShinyHunters began attempts to extort Snowflake and end-customers using the data acquired. ",{"data":97926,"content":97927,"nodeType":1312},{},[97928],{"data":97929,"marks":97930,"value":97931,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the Snowflake breach?",{"data":97933,"content":97934,"nodeType":941},{},[97935,97954,97985,98013,98032,98051],{"data":97936,"content":97937,"nodeType":945},{},[97938],{"data":97939,"content":97940,"nodeType":860},{},[97941,97945,97950],{"data":97942,"marks":97943,"value":97944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Approximately ",{"data":97946,"marks":97947,"value":97949,"nodeType":864},{},[97948],{"type":899},"165 victims were identified by Mandiant",{"data":97951,"marks":97952,"value":97953,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Organizations are gradually coming forward to declare the breach and release customer communications accordingly, but not all victims have been named.",{"data":97955,"content":97956,"nodeType":945},{},[97957],{"data":97958,"content":97959,"nodeType":860},{},[97960,97964,97969,97973,97981],{"data":97961,"marks":97962,"value":97963,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Based on the figures being suggested so far, the impact upon end-customers is huge, with the data of ",{"data":97965,"marks":97966,"value":97968,"nodeType":864},{},[97967],{"type":899},"hundreds of millions of people exposed",{"data":97970,"marks":97971,"value":97972,"nodeType":864},{},[],", and has been touted by some news outlets as ‘",{"data":97974,"content":97975,"nodeType":883},{"uri":43825},[97976],{"data":97977,"marks":97978,"value":97980,"nodeType":864},{},[97979],{"type":1455},"one of the biggest breaches ever",{"data":97982,"marks":97983,"value":97984,"nodeType":864},{},[],"’.  ",{"data":97986,"content":97987,"nodeType":945},{},[97988],{"data":97989,"content":97990,"nodeType":860},{},[97991,97995,98000,98004,98009],{"data":97992,"marks":97993,"value":97994,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The impact on the affected businesses is largely unknown at this stage. It’s clear that the victims will suffer ",{"data":97996,"marks":97997,"value":97999,"nodeType":864},{},[97998],{"type":899},"reputational damage",{"data":98001,"marks":98002,"value":98003,"nodeType":864},{},[]," based on the extent of their individual breaches, and possibly face other ",{"data":98005,"marks":98006,"value":98008,"nodeType":864},{},[98007],{"type":899},"penalties and sanctions",{"data":98010,"marks":98011,"value":98012,"nodeType":864},{},[]," if they are found to be at fault by their respective regulators and/or national information security authorities. ",{"data":98014,"content":98015,"nodeType":945},{},[98016],{"data":98017,"content":98018,"nodeType":860},{},[98019,98023,98028],{"data":98020,"marks":98021,"value":98022,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The impact upon individuals will be significant, with high potential for further targeting in terms of ",{"data":98024,"marks":98025,"value":98027,"nodeType":864},{},[98026],{"type":899},"identity theft, blackmail, financial crime",{"data":98029,"marks":98030,"value":98031,"nodeType":864},{},[],", etc.  ",{"data":98033,"content":98034,"nodeType":945},{},[98035],{"data":98036,"content":98037,"nodeType":860},{},[98038,98042,98047],{"data":98039,"marks":98040,"value":98041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"It is unclear what data has been exposed in addition to personal data affecting end-customers. If other sensitive commercial or business data pertaining to ",{"data":98043,"marks":98044,"value":98046,"nodeType":864},{},[98045],{"type":899},"Intellectual Property",{"data":98048,"marks":98049,"value":98050,"nodeType":864},{},[]," has been exposed then this data may also be sold on via other nefarious channels, with a potential future impact.",{"data":98052,"content":98053,"nodeType":945},{},[98054],{"data":98055,"content":98056,"nodeType":860},{},[98057,98061,98066],{"data":98058,"marks":98059,"value":98060,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Given the lack of MFA for the compromised accounts, there has been a general criticism of the ‘opt-in’ nature of MFA for SaaS services, with many security professionals suggesting that ",{"data":98062,"marks":98063,"value":98065,"nodeType":864},{},[98064],{"type":899},"Snowflake should enforce MFA by default",{"data":98067,"marks":98068,"value":98069,"nodeType":864},{},[]," given the critical nature of the service. ",{"data":98071,"content":98072,"nodeType":1312},{},[98073],{"data":98074,"marks":98075,"value":98076,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Snowflake breach?",{"data":98078,"content":98079,"nodeType":941},{},[98080,98099,98140,98168],{"data":98081,"content":98082,"nodeType":945},{},[98083],{"data":98084,"content":98085,"nodeType":860},{},[98086,98090,98095],{"data":98087,"marks":98088,"value":98089,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The breach ",{"data":98091,"marks":98092,"value":98094,"nodeType":864},{},[98093],{"type":899},"was achieved by using stolen credentials dating back as far as 2020",{"data":98096,"marks":98097,"value":98098,"nodeType":864},{},[],", that had not been rotated or changed. This indicates that many of the credentials used were not necessarily the result of any recent data sharing. This highlights the potential risk of breached credentials already in the public domain; particularly in the case of cloud services that may not be subject to the same levels of credential hygiene as other traditional network logins. ",{"data":98100,"content":98101,"nodeType":945},{},[98102],{"data":98103,"content":98104,"nodeType":860},{},[98105,98109,98117,98120,98125,98129,98137],{"data":98106,"marks":98107,"value":98108,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Much of the industry response has focused on ensuring that accounts are using SSO (and therefore are protected by MFA at the IdP level). However, due to the existence of ",{"data":98110,"content":98112,"nodeType":883},{"uri":98111},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/ghost-logins",[98113],{"data":98114,"marks":98115,"value":20937,"nodeType":864},{},[98116],{"type":1455},{"data":98118,"marks":98119,"value":3731,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98121,"marks":98122,"value":98124,"nodeType":864},{},[98123],{"type":899},"local logins without MFA can exist simultaneously with the SSO login unless expressly disabled",{"data":98126,"marks":98127,"value":98128,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Organizations using Snowflake that are looking to lock down their accounts can ",{"data":98130,"content":98131,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76282},[98132],{"data":98133,"marks":98134,"value":98136,"nodeType":864},{},[98135],{"type":1455},"watch our recent demo of how to effectively remediate this vulnerability in Snowflake",{"data":98138,"marks":98139,"value":40292,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98141,"content":98142,"nodeType":945},{},[98143],{"data":98144,"content":98145,"nodeType":860},{},[98146,98151,98155,98164],{"data":98147,"marks":98148,"value":98150,"nodeType":864},{},[98149],{"type":899},"80% of the credentials were gathered through infostealer malware",{"data":98152,"marks":98153,"value":98154,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Typically, this occurs when unmanaged devices are used to access company resources, or personal browser profiles are synchronized on both work and personal devices. Malware deployed to an insecure personal device can then access and steal credentials for company resources. This situation usually occurs when working with third-party contractors on a BYOD basis; ",{"data":98156,"content":98158,"nodeType":883},{"uri":98157},"https://www.wired.com/story/epam-snowflake-ticketmaster-breach-shinyhunters/",[98159],{"data":98160,"marks":98161,"value":98163,"nodeType":864},{},[98162],{"type":1455},"a recent article indicates that Ukraine-based EPAM Systems",{"data":98165,"marks":98166,"value":98167,"nodeType":864},{},[],", an engineering and digital service provider and “Elite Tier Partner” of Snowflake, was one such organization breached in this way. Organizations consuming Snowflake-related services from EPAM were then subsequently affected, as the compromise of EPAM users granted access to a large number of Snowflake credentials for various company tenants.  ",{"data":98169,"content":98170,"nodeType":945},{},[98171],{"data":98172,"content":98173,"nodeType":860},{},[98174,98178,98183,98187,98192],{"data":98175,"marks":98176,"value":98177,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While attacker activity has focused on Snowflake to date, the success of this attack will signal the potential for further credential based attacks against similar apps. ",{"data":98179,"marks":98180,"value":98182,"nodeType":864},{},[98181],{"type":899},"There may already be a 'Snowflake 2.0' among the credentials already available online",{"data":98184,"marks":98185,"value":98186,"nodeType":864},{},[],". Further, credentials can be used against a wide range of apps to capitalize on potential ",{"data":98188,"marks":98189,"value":98191,"nodeType":864},{},[98190],{"type":899},"password reuse (which we see for 1 in 3 employees)",{"data":98193,"marks":98194,"value":98195,"nodeType":864},{},[],", so the exact creds for a particular app don’t have to be explicitly breached, so long as the domain for the login portal can be guessed or has been exposed elsewhere.   ",{"data":98197,"content":98198,"nodeType":1312},{},[98199],{"data":98200,"marks":98201,"value":98202,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Browser & Identity Attacks Matrix mapping",{"data":98204,"content":98205,"nodeType":860},{},[98206],{"data":98207,"marks":98208,"value":98209,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For more information on each TTP please navigate to the entries linked in the table below. ",{"data":98211,"content":98212,"nodeType":4845},{},[98213,98256,98318],{"data":98214,"content":98215,"nodeType":4581},{},[98216,98226,98236,98246],{"data":98217,"content":98218,"nodeType":8398},{},[98219],{"data":98220,"content":98221,"nodeType":860},{},[98222],{"data":98223,"marks":98224,"value":98225,"nodeType":864},{},[],"ID",{"data":98227,"content":98228,"nodeType":8398},{},[98229],{"data":98230,"content":98231,"nodeType":860},{},[98232],{"data":98233,"marks":98234,"value":98235,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Name",{"data":98237,"content":98238,"nodeType":8398},{},[98239],{"data":98240,"content":98241,"nodeType":860},{},[98242],{"data":98243,"marks":98244,"value":98245,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Stage",{"data":98247,"content":98248,"nodeType":8398},{},[98249],{"data":98250,"content":98251,"nodeType":860},{},[98252],{"data":98253,"marks":98254,"value":98255,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Description",{"data":98257,"content":98258,"nodeType":4581},{},[98259,98279,98298,98308],{"data":98260,"content":98261,"nodeType":4569},{},[98262],{"data":98263,"content":98264,"nodeType":860},{},[98265,98268,98276],{"data":98266,"marks":98267,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98269,"content":98270,"nodeType":883},{"uri":20932},[98271],{"data":98272,"marks":98273,"value":98275,"nodeType":864},{},[98274],{"type":1455},"SAT1017",{"data":98277,"marks":98278,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98280,"content":98281,"nodeType":4569},{},[98282],{"data":98283,"content":98284,"nodeType":860},{},[98285,98288,98295],{"data":98286,"marks":98287,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98289,"content":98290,"nodeType":883},{"uri":98111},[98291],{"data":98292,"marks":98293,"value":395,"nodeType":864},{},[98294],{"type":1455},{"data":98296,"marks":98297,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98299,"content":98300,"nodeType":4569},{},[98301],{"data":98302,"content":98303,"nodeType":860},{},[98304],{"data":98305,"marks":98306,"value":98307,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Initial Access; Persistence; Defense Evasion",{"data":98309,"content":98310,"nodeType":4569},{},[98311],{"data":98312,"content":98313,"nodeType":860},{},[98314],{"data":98315,"marks":98316,"value":98317,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Abusing non-SSO additional login methods such as password-based authentication (local to the SaaS app), social logins, API access, etc. ",{"data":98319,"content":98320,"nodeType":4581},{},[98321,98341,98361,98371],{"data":98322,"content":98323,"nodeType":4569},{},[98324],{"data":98325,"content":98326,"nodeType":860},{},[98327,98330,98338],{"data":98328,"marks":98329,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98331,"content":98332,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76064},[98333],{"data":98334,"marks":98335,"value":98337,"nodeType":864},{},[98336],{"type":1455},"SAT1044",{"data":98339,"marks":98340,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98342,"content":98343,"nodeType":4569},{},[98344],{"data":98345,"content":98346,"nodeType":860},{},[98347,98350,98358],{"data":98348,"marks":98349,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98351,"content":98353,"nodeType":883},{"uri":98352},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/session-cookie-theft",[98354],{"data":98355,"marks":98356,"value":76474,"nodeType":864},{},[98357],{"type":1455},{"data":98359,"marks":98360,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98362,"content":98363,"nodeType":4569},{},[98364],{"data":98365,"content":98366,"nodeType":860},{},[98367],{"data":98368,"marks":98369,"value":98370,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Lateral Movement; Defense Evasion",{"data":98372,"content":98373,"nodeType":4569},{},[98374],{"data":98375,"content":98376,"nodeType":860},{},[98377],{"data":98378,"marks":98379,"value":98380,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Session cookies are used to pivot from an endpoint compromise and laterally move to downstream SaaS applications.",{"data":98382,"content":98383,"nodeType":1312},{},[98384],{"data":98385,"marks":98386,"value":98387,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Related breaches",{"data":98389,"content":98390,"nodeType":860},{},[98391],{"data":98392,"marks":98393,"value":98394,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Named victims are listed below:",{"data":98396,"content":98397,"nodeType":941},{},[98398,98408,98418,98428,98438,98448,98458,98468],{"data":98399,"content":98400,"nodeType":945},{},[98401],{"data":98402,"content":98403,"nodeType":860},{},[98404],{"data":98405,"marks":98406,"value":98407,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ticketmaster",{"data":98409,"content":98410,"nodeType":945},{},[98411],{"data":98412,"content":98413,"nodeType":860},{},[98414],{"data":98415,"marks":98416,"value":98417,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Santander",{"data":98419,"content":98420,"nodeType":945},{},[98421],{"data":98422,"content":98423,"nodeType":860},{},[98424],{"data":98425,"marks":98426,"value":98427,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Neiman Marcus",{"data":98429,"content":98430,"nodeType":945},{},[98431],{"data":98432,"content":98433,"nodeType":860},{},[98434],{"data":98435,"marks":98436,"value":98437,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Los Angeles Unified",{"data":98439,"content":98440,"nodeType":945},{},[98441],{"data":98442,"content":98443,"nodeType":860},{},[98444],{"data":98445,"marks":98446,"value":98447,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Pure Storage",{"data":98449,"content":98450,"nodeType":945},{},[98451],{"data":98452,"content":98453,"nodeType":860},{},[98454],{"data":98455,"marks":98456,"value":98457,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Advance Auto Parts",{"data":98459,"content":98460,"nodeType":945},{},[98461],{"data":98462,"content":98463,"nodeType":860},{},[98464],{"data":98465,"marks":98466,"value":98467,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Truist Bank",{"data":98469,"content":98470,"nodeType":945},{},[98471],{"data":98472,"content":98473,"nodeType":860},{},[98474],{"data":98475,"marks":98476,"value":98477,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Lending Tree",{"data":98479,"content":98480,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":98482,"content":98483,"nodeType":1009},{},[98484],{"data":98485,"marks":98486,"value":98487,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft — January 2024",{"data":98489,"content":98490,"nodeType":860},{},[98491],{"data":98492,"marks":98493,"value":98494,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat group known as APT29 (also known as “The Dukes”, “Cozy Bear”, and labeled “Midnight Blizzard” by Microsoft) executed a cleverly executed password-guessing attack to compromise test cloud identities that were also lacking MFA. Attackers then leveraged this access to compromise some OAuth applications that allowed lateral movement to Microsoft’s corporate environment and the creation of other malicious OAuth applications to achieve persistence.",{"data":98496,"content":98497,"nodeType":1312},{},[98498],{"data":98499,"marks":98500,"value":98501,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did Microsoft get breached?",{"data":98503,"content":98504,"nodeType":941},{},[98505,98515,98525,98535,98545,98555],{"data":98506,"content":98507,"nodeType":945},{},[98508],{"data":98509,"content":98510,"nodeType":860},{},[98511],{"data":98512,"marks":98513,"value":98514,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 utilized password spraying / credential stuffing attacks to compromise test cloud identities that were also lacking MFA, attached to a non-production test tenant.",{"data":98516,"content":98517,"nodeType":945},{},[98518],{"data":98519,"content":98520,"nodeType":860},{},[98521],{"data":98522,"marks":98523,"value":98524,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 leveraged their initial access to the test tenant to identify and compromise a test OAuth application that had access to the Microsoft corporate environment by leveraging permissive Entra ID roles in the test tenant.",{"data":98526,"content":98527,"nodeType":945},{},[98528],{"data":98529,"content":98530,"nodeType":860},{},[98531],{"data":98532,"marks":98533,"value":98534,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 used the existing configurations to access the Microsoft corporate Entra ID tenant whereupon the app registration from the test tenant was installed as a service principal in the corporate tenant, granting the equivalent of global admin rights.",{"data":98536,"content":98537,"nodeType":945},{},[98538],{"data":98539,"content":98540,"nodeType":860},{},[98541],{"data":98542,"marks":98543,"value":98544,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Using these new permissions, APT29 registered additional malicious OAuth applications in the Microsoft corporate environment, and created a new user in the Microsoft corporate tenant to grant consent to the new malicious OAuth apps, thereby achieving persistent access to the environment.",{"data":98546,"content":98547,"nodeType":945},{},[98548],{"data":98549,"content":98550,"nodeType":860},{},[98551],{"data":98552,"marks":98553,"value":98554,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 leveraged the elevated (maximum) privileges assigned to the ‘test’ app service principal to grant app roles to other newly created app service principals, granting them the Office 365 Exchange Online full_access_as_app role in the corporate tenant, which allows access to mailboxes.",{"data":98556,"content":98557,"nodeType":945},{},[98558],{"data":98559,"content":98560,"nodeType":860},{},[98561],{"data":98562,"marks":98563,"value":98564,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 leveraged these malicious OAuth applications to authenticate to Microsoft Exchange Online and target Microsoft corporate email accounts.",{"data":98566,"content":98567,"nodeType":1312},{},[98568],{"data":98569,"marks":98570,"value":98571,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the Microsoft breach?",{"data":98573,"content":98574,"nodeType":941},{},[98575,98585,98595],{"data":98576,"content":98577,"nodeType":945},{},[98578],{"data":98579,"content":98580,"nodeType":860},{},[98581],{"data":98582,"marks":98583,"value":98584,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 had access to Microsoft corporate email accounts, including members of the senior leadership team and employees in the cybersecurity, legal, and other functions, resulting in sensitive data leakage.",{"data":98586,"content":98587,"nodeType":945},{},[98588],{"data":98589,"content":98590,"nodeType":860},{},[98591],{"data":98592,"marks":98593,"value":98594,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Microsoft has not disclosed any further impacts at this time, but it is likely that the adversary had complete, unmitigated control of the Microsoft corporate tenant for a period of time, with global administrator level access.",{"data":98596,"content":98597,"nodeType":945},{},[98598],{"data":98599,"content":98600,"nodeType":860},{},[98601],{"data":98602,"marks":98603,"value":98604,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since the initial attack there has been evidence of continued targeting, with password spraying attacks reportedly increasing tenfold, likely informed by stolen information.",{"data":98606,"content":98607,"nodeType":1312},{},[98608],{"data":98609,"marks":98610,"value":98611,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Microsoft breach?",{"data":98613,"content":98614,"nodeType":941},{},[98615,98625,98635,98645],{"data":98616,"content":98617,"nodeType":945},{},[98618],{"data":98619,"content":98620,"nodeType":860},{},[98621],{"data":98622,"marks":98623,"value":98624,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attack was covert and targeted, with APT29 tailoring the attack to a limited number of accounts and using a low number of attempts to evade detection and avoid account blocks based on the volume of failures.",{"data":98626,"content":98627,"nodeType":945},{},[98628],{"data":98629,"content":98630,"nodeType":860},{},[98631],{"data":98632,"marks":98633,"value":98634,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 used residential proxy networks when interacting with the compromised tenant and, subsequently, with Exchange Online to obfuscate the source of their attack and avoid impossible travel detections. ",{"data":98636,"content":98637,"nodeType":945},{},[98638],{"data":98639,"content":98640,"nodeType":860},{},[98641],{"data":98642,"marks":98643,"value":98644,"nodeType":864},{},[],"APT29 demonstrated mature and in-depth understanding of cloud infrastructure, protocols, and workflows, particularly in terms of privilege escalation and lateral movement.",{"data":98646,"content":98647,"nodeType":945},{},[98648],{"data":98649,"content":98650,"nodeType":860},{},[98651],{"data":98652,"marks":98653,"value":98654,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If even Microsoft (an organization with pretty much unrivaled security resources) can’t ensure that all their accounts are protected by MFA and that there are no weak links between test/dev and prod systems, this should be a wake-up call for any company that thinks their MFA implementation is flawless. ",{"data":98656,"content":98657,"nodeType":1312},{},[98658],{"data":98659,"marks":98660,"value":98202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98662,"content":98663,"nodeType":860},{},[98664],{"data":98665,"marks":98666,"value":98209,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98668,"content":98669,"nodeType":4845},{},[98670,98710,98773,98836],{"data":98671,"content":98672,"nodeType":4581},{},[98673,98682,98692,98701],{"data":98674,"content":98675,"nodeType":8398},{},[98676],{"data":98677,"content":98678,"nodeType":860},{},[98679],{"data":98680,"marks":98681,"value":98225,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98683,"content":98684,"nodeType":8398},{},[98685],{"data":98686,"content":98687,"nodeType":860},{},[98688],{"data":98689,"marks":98690,"value":98691,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Technique",{"data":98693,"content":98694,"nodeType":8398},{},[98695],{"data":98696,"content":98697,"nodeType":860},{},[98698],{"data":98699,"marks":98700,"value":98245,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98702,"content":98703,"nodeType":8398},{},[98704],{"data":98705,"content":98706,"nodeType":860},{},[98707],{"data":98708,"marks":98709,"value":98255,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98711,"content":98712,"nodeType":4581},{},[98713,98733,98753,98763],{"data":98714,"content":98715,"nodeType":4569},{},[98716],{"data":98717,"content":98718,"nodeType":860},{},[98719,98722,98730],{"data":98720,"marks":98721,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98723,"content":98724,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76099},[98725],{"data":98726,"marks":98727,"value":98729,"nodeType":864},{},[98728],{"type":1455},"SAT1011",{"data":98731,"marks":98732,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98734,"content":98735,"nodeType":4569},{},[98736],{"data":98737,"content":98738,"nodeType":860},{},[98739,98742,98750],{"data":98740,"marks":98741,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98743,"content":98745,"nodeType":883},{"uri":98744},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/credential-stuffing",[98746],{"data":98747,"marks":98748,"value":333,"nodeType":864},{},[98749],{"type":1455},{"data":98751,"marks":98752,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98754,"content":98755,"nodeType":4569},{},[98756],{"data":98757,"content":98758,"nodeType":860},{},[98759],{"data":98760,"marks":98761,"value":98762,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Initial 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",{"data":98774,"content":98775,"nodeType":4581},{},[98776,98796,98816,98826],{"data":98777,"content":98778,"nodeType":4569},{},[98779],{"data":98780,"content":98781,"nodeType":860},{},[98782,98785,98793],{"data":98783,"marks":98784,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98786,"content":98787,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76693},[98788],{"data":98789,"marks":98790,"value":98792,"nodeType":864},{},[98791],{"type":1455},"SAT1027",{"data":98794,"marks":98795,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98797,"content":98798,"nodeType":4569},{},[98799],{"data":98800,"content":98801,"nodeType":860},{},[98802,98805,98813],{"data":98803,"marks":98804,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98806,"content":98808,"nodeType":883},{"uri":98807},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/oauth-tokens",[98809],{"data":98810,"marks":98811,"value":76699,"nodeType":864},{},[98812],{"type":1455},{"data":98814,"marks":98815,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98817,"content":98818,"nodeType":4569},{},[98819],{"data":98820,"content":98821,"nodeType":860},{},[98822],{"data":98823,"marks":98824,"value":98825,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Execution; Persistence; Defense Evasion",{"data":98827,"content":98828,"nodeType":4569},{},[98829],{"data":98830,"content":98831,"nodeType":860},{},[98832],{"data":98833,"marks":98834,"value":98835,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Use a malicious OAuth app to create an OAuth token, using arbitrary permissions to maintain long-term programmatic access to a compromised user account.",{"data":98837,"content":98838,"nodeType":4581},{},[98839,98859,98880,98890],{"data":98840,"content":98841,"nodeType":4569},{},[98842],{"data":98843,"content":98844,"nodeType":860},{},[98845,98848,98856],{"data":98846,"marks":98847,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98849,"content":98850,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76924},[98851],{"data":98852,"marks":98853,"value":98855,"nodeType":864},{},[98854],{"type":1455},"SAT1001",{"data":98857,"marks":98858,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98860,"content":98861,"nodeType":4569},{},[98862],{"data":98863,"content":98864,"nodeType":860},{},[98865,98868,98877],{"data":98866,"marks":98867,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98869,"content":98871,"nodeType":883},{"uri":98870},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/abuse-existing-oauth-integrations",[98872],{"data":98873,"marks":98874,"value":98876,"nodeType":864},{},[98875],{"type":1455},"Abuse existing OAuth integrations",{"data":98878,"marks":98879,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98881,"content":98882,"nodeType":4569},{},[98883],{"data":98884,"content":98885,"nodeType":860},{},[98886],{"data":98887,"marks":98888,"value":98889,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Privilege Escalation;\nLateral Movement",{"data":98891,"content":98892,"nodeType":4569},{},[98893],{"data":98894,"content":98895,"nodeType":860},{},[98896],{"data":98897,"marks":98898,"value":98899,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If an adversary compromises a SaaS account integrated with other apps, they can escalate privileges and move laterally to other apps.",{"data":98901,"content":98902,"nodeType":1312},{},[98903],{"data":98904,"marks":98905,"value":98387,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":98907,"content":98908,"nodeType":860},{},[98909],{"data":98910,"marks":98911,"value":98913,"nodeType":864},{},[98912],{"type":899},"Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) — May 2023",{"data":98915,"content":98916,"nodeType":860},{},[98917],{"data":98918,"marks":98919,"value":98920,"nodeType":864},{},[],"At the time of the Microsoft breach becoming public knowledge, HPE disclosed that they had become aware of a historical incident in Dec 2023, involving unauthorized access to and exfiltration of a limited number of SharePoint files as early as May 2023. Hackers accessed and exfiltrated data from HPE mailboxes belonging to individuals in the cybersecurity, go-to-market, business segments, and other functions. No further information is available on the techniques used or impact of the breach. ",{"data":98922,"content":98923,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":98925,"content":98926,"nodeType":1009},{},[98927],{"data":98928,"marks":98929,"value":98930,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Okta — October 2023",{"data":98932,"content":98933,"nodeType":860},{},[98934],{"data":98935,"marks":98936,"value":98937,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An unknown threat group compromised an Okta employee's personal Google account that was being used on a company-managed device, granting the threat actor access to a service account for Okta’s customer support system, that included session tokens for 134 customers. This was then used to hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of five customers. ",{"data":98939,"content":98940,"nodeType":1312},{},[98941],{"data":98942,"marks":98943,"value":98944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did Okta get breached?",{"data":98946,"content":98947,"nodeType":941},{},[98948,98958,98968,98978,98988],{"data":98949,"content":98950,"nodeType":945},{},[98951],{"data":98952,"content":98953,"nodeType":860},{},[98954],{"data":98955,"marks":98956,"value":98957,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor compromised a personal Google account that the user had accessed from their Okta-managed work device by signing into their personal profile from the Chrome browser.",{"data":98959,"content":98960,"nodeType":945},{},[98961],{"data":98962,"content":98963,"nodeType":860},{},[98964],{"data":98965,"marks":98966,"value":98967,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The personal account credentials are likely to have been compromised in a historical data breach and did not have MFA enabled.",{"data":98969,"content":98970,"nodeType":945},{},[98971],{"data":98972,"content":98973,"nodeType":860},{},[98974],{"data":98975,"marks":98976,"value":98977,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The username and password of a service account for Okta’s customer support system had been saved into the employee’s personal Google account and was therefore compromised.",{"data":98979,"content":98980,"nodeType":945},{},[98981],{"data":98982,"content":98983,"nodeType":860},{},[98984],{"data":98985,"marks":98986,"value":98987,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor was able to access the service account by logging in using the stolen credentials, which again likely did not have MFA deployed as a service account.",{"data":98989,"content":98990,"nodeType":945},{},[98991],{"data":98992,"content":98993,"nodeType":860},{},[98994],{"data":98995,"marks":98996,"value":98997,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor was able to use session tokens in the HAR files to impersonate staff and hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of five customers, including 1Password, BeyondTrust, and Cloudflare.",{"data":98999,"content":99000,"nodeType":1312},{},[99001],{"data":99002,"marks":99003,"value":99004,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the Okta breach?",{"data":99006,"content":99007,"nodeType":941},{},[99008,99018,99028,99038],{"data":99009,"content":99010,"nodeType":945},{},[99011],{"data":99012,"content":99013,"nodeType":860},{},[99014],{"data":99015,"marks":99016,"value":99017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor gained unauthorized access to files inside Okta’s customer support system associated with 134 Okta customers.",{"data":99019,"content":99020,"nodeType":945},{},[99021],{"data":99022,"content":99023,"nodeType":860},{},[99024],{"data":99025,"marks":99026,"value":99027,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor was able to use these session tokens to hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of 5 (publicly disclosed) customers.",{"data":99029,"content":99030,"nodeType":945},{},[99031],{"data":99032,"content":99033,"nodeType":860},{},[99034],{"data":99035,"marks":99036,"value":99037,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Okta originally claimed the breach had impacted only 1% of customers, but later found that a report run and downloaded by the threat actor contained the names and email addresses of all 18,400 Okta customer support users, as well as some Okta employee information, meaning 100% of customer support users were impacted.",{"data":99039,"content":99040,"nodeType":945},{},[99041],{"data":99042,"content":99043,"nodeType":860},{},[99044],{"data":99045,"marks":99046,"value":99047,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Okta users are at higher risk of phishing and credential stuffing attacks based on the data stolen by the threat actor, increasing the importance of robust MFA implementation.",{"data":99049,"content":99050,"nodeType":1312},{},[99051],{"data":99052,"marks":99053,"value":99054,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Okta breach?",{"data":99056,"content":99057,"nodeType":941},{},[99058,99068,99078],{"data":99059,"content":99060,"nodeType":945},{},[99061],{"data":99062,"content":99063,"nodeType":860},{},[99064],{"data":99065,"marks":99066,"value":99067,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This attack demonstrates the risk associated with cloud Identity Providers and the potential goldmine that they are to attackers. Much in the same way that the manufacturers of physical and virtual network appliances are continuously probed for software vulnerabilities, cloud IdPs like Okta present a huge potential opportunity, both in terms of targeting specific organizational instances as well as the Okta organization. This attack showcases the possibility of third-party supply chain attacks to target downstream organizations using IdP services. ",{"data":99069,"content":99070,"nodeType":945},{},[99071],{"data":99072,"content":99073,"nodeType":860},{},[99074],{"data":99075,"marks":99076,"value":99077,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similar to the Microsoft breach, gaps were discovered and exploited in Okta’s MFA coverage and implementation, highlighting that there are gaps in even the most mature organizations. ",{"data":99079,"content":99080,"nodeType":945},{},[99081],{"data":99082,"content":99083,"nodeType":860},{},[99084],{"data":99085,"marks":99086,"value":99087,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The subsequent attack on Cloudflare (see below) and the scale of the recovery effort demonstrates the significant operational overhead in responding to and recovering from a breach of identity infrastructure, with a similar or greater scale than a traditional Active Directory compromise. While addressing the incident, Cloudflare's staff rotated all production credentials (over 5,000 unique ones), physically segmented test and staging systems, performed forensic triage on 4,893 systems, reimaged and rebooted all systems on the company's global network, including all Atlassian servers (Jira, Confluence, and Bitbucket) and machines accessed by the threat actor. All equipment in Cloudflare's Brazil data center, which was unsuccessfully targeted by the threat actor, was later returned to the manufacturers to ensure that the data center was secure.",{"data":99089,"content":99090,"nodeType":1312},{},[99091],{"data":99092,"marks":99093,"value":98202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99095,"content":99096,"nodeType":860},{},[99097],{"data":99098,"marks":99099,"value":98209,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99101,"content":99102,"nodeType":4845},{},[99103,99142,99201],{"data":99104,"content":99105,"nodeType":4581},{},[99106,99115,99124,99133],{"data":99107,"content":99108,"nodeType":8398},{},[99109],{"data":99110,"content":99111,"nodeType":860},{},[99112],{"data":99113,"marks":99114,"value":98225,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99116,"content":99117,"nodeType":8398},{},[99118],{"data":99119,"content":99120,"nodeType":860},{},[99121],{"data":99122,"marks":99123,"value":98691,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99125,"content":99126,"nodeType":8398},{},[99127],{"data":99128,"content":99129,"nodeType":860},{},[99130],{"data":99131,"marks":99132,"value":98245,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99134,"content":99135,"nodeType":8398},{},[99136],{"data":99137,"content":99138,"nodeType":860},{},[99139],{"data":99140,"marks":99141,"value":98255,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99143,"content":99144,"nodeType":4581},{},[99145,99164,99183,99192],{"data":99146,"content":99147,"nodeType":4569},{},[99148],{"data":99149,"content":99150,"nodeType":860},{},[99151,99154,99161],{"data":99152,"marks":99153,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99155,"content":99156,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76099},[99157],{"data":99158,"marks":99159,"value":98729,"nodeType":864},{},[99160],{"type":1455},{"data":99162,"marks":99163,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99165,"content":99166,"nodeType":4569},{},[99167],{"data":99168,"content":99169,"nodeType":860},{},[99170,99173,99180],{"data":99171,"marks":99172,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99174,"content":99175,"nodeType":883},{"uri":98744},[99176],{"data":99177,"marks":99178,"value":333,"nodeType":864},{},[99179],{"type":1455},{"data":99181,"marks":99182,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99184,"content":99185,"nodeType":4569},{},[99186],{"data":99187,"content":99188,"nodeType":860},{},[99189],{"data":99190,"marks":99191,"value":98762,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99193,"content":99194,"nodeType":4569},{},[99195],{"data":99196,"content":99197,"nodeType":860},{},[99198],{"data":99199,"marks":99200,"value":98772,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99202,"content":99203,"nodeType":4581},{},[99204,99225,99246,99256],{"data":99205,"content":99206,"nodeType":4569},{},[99207],{"data":99208,"content":99209,"nodeType":860},{},[99210,99213,99222],{"data":99211,"marks":99212,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99214,"content":99216,"nodeType":883},{"uri":99215},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/password_scraping/description.md",[99217],{"data":99218,"marks":99219,"value":99221,"nodeType":864},{},[99220],{"type":1455},"SAT1028",{"data":99223,"marks":99224,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99226,"content":99227,"nodeType":4569},{},[99228],{"data":99229,"content":99230,"nodeType":860},{},[99231,99234,99243],{"data":99232,"marks":99233,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99235,"content":99237,"nodeType":883},{"uri":99236},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/password-scraping",[99238],{"data":99239,"marks":99240,"value":99242,"nodeType":864},{},[99241],{"type":1455},"Password Scraping",{"data":99244,"marks":99245,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99247,"content":99248,"nodeType":4569},{},[99249],{"data":99250,"content":99251,"nodeType":860},{},[99252],{"data":99253,"marks":99254,"value":99255,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Credential Access",{"data":99257,"content":99258,"nodeType":4569},{},[99259],{"data":99260,"content":99261,"nodeType":860},{},[99262],{"data":99263,"marks":99264,"value":99265,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Collection of credentials and secrets from repositories e.g. password managers, SaaS file stores, etc.",{"data":99267,"content":99268,"nodeType":1312},{},[99269],{"data":99270,"marks":99271,"value":98387,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99273,"content":99274,"nodeType":860},{},[99275],{"data":99276,"marks":99277,"value":99279,"nodeType":864},{},[99278],{"type":899},"Cloudflare — November 2023",{"data":99281,"content":99282,"nodeType":860},{},[99283],{"data":99284,"marks":99285,"value":99286,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor used tokens and credentials that had not been rotated to breach Cloudflare’s internal Atlassian server and access its Confluence wiki, Jira bug database, and Bitbucket source code management system. The threat actor first gained access to Cloudflare's self-hosted Atlassian server and then accessed the company's Confluence and Jira systems following a reconnaissance stage. Cloudflare says that this breach did not impact customer data or systems or the provision of services.",{"data":99288,"content":99289,"nodeType":860},{},[99290],{"data":99291,"marks":99292,"value":99294,"nodeType":864},{},[99293],{"type":899},"1Password — October 2023",{"data":99296,"content":99297,"nodeType":860},{},[99298],{"data":99299,"marks":99300,"value":99301,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1Password reported unsolicited activity in their Okta environment which was traced to a suspicious IP address. Later it was confirmed that an threat actor had accessed 1Password’s Okta environment using administrative privileges. They attempted to access the IT team member’s user dashboard, but that attempt was blocked by Okta. They also requested a report of administrative users, which was identified as suspicious and triggered an investigation. 1Password says it terminated the activity, investigated, and found no compromise of user data or other sensitive systems, either employee-facing or user-facing.",{"data":99303,"content":99304,"nodeType":860},{},[99305],{"data":99306,"marks":99307,"value":99309,"nodeType":864},{},[99308],{"type":899},"BeyondTrust - October 2023",{"data":99311,"content":99312,"nodeType":860},{},[99313],{"data":99314,"marks":99315,"value":99316,"nodeType":864},{},[],"BeyondTrust security teams detected an identity-centric attack on an in-house Okta administrator account. BeyondTrust blocked all access to the threat actor, and verified that they did not gain access to any systems. BeyondTrust has confirmed that there was no additional exposure to our internal systems or BeyondTrust’s customers.",{"data":99318,"content":99319,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":99321,"content":99322,"nodeType":1009},{},[99323],{"data":99324,"marks":99325,"value":99326,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MGM Resorts — September 2023",{"data":99328,"content":99329,"nodeType":860},{},[99330],{"data":99331,"marks":99332,"value":99333,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat group known as Scattered Spider socially engineered MGM help desk personnel to grant ‘super admin’ access to the Okta tenant, which was then used to steal data and deploy ransomware, resulting in significant business disruption. ",{"data":99335,"content":99336,"nodeType":1312},{},[99337],{"data":99338,"marks":99339,"value":99340,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did MGM get breached?",{"data":99342,"content":99343,"nodeType":941},{},[99344,99354,99364,99374,99384,99394],{"data":99345,"content":99346,"nodeType":945},{},[99347],{"data":99348,"content":99349,"nodeType":860},{},[99350],{"data":99351,"marks":99352,"value":99353,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider researched MGM employees on LinkedIn to identify individuals likely to have privileged Okta access, specifically Super Administrator privileges. ",{"data":99355,"content":99356,"nodeType":945},{},[99357],{"data":99358,"content":99359,"nodeType":860},{},[99360],{"data":99361,"marks":99362,"value":99363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider contacted the IT help desk impersonating an employee with a privileged account asking for an authentication reset (password and MFA).",{"data":99365,"content":99366,"nodeType":945},{},[99367],{"data":99368,"content":99369,"nodeType":860},{},[99370],{"data":99371,"marks":99372,"value":99373,"nodeType":864},{},[],"With privileged access, the compromised Super Administrator accounts were used to assign higher privileges to other accounts, circumventing MFA by removing enrolled authenticators and/or removing MFA from authentication policies.",{"data":99375,"content":99376,"nodeType":945},{},[99377],{"data":99378,"content":99379,"nodeType":860},{},[99380],{"data":99381,"marks":99382,"value":99383,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider registered a second, attacker-controlled IdP via Org2Org using inbound federation, granting the ability to impersonate users and access applications on their behalf. By matching the username of target accounts in the second IdP to the original, the attacker was able to SSO into target applications. ",{"data":99385,"content":99386,"nodeType":945},{},[99387],{"data":99388,"content":99389,"nodeType":860},{},[99390],{"data":99391,"marks":99392,"value":99393,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Through inbound federation, Scattered Spider obtained global admin rights in Azure, effectively granting full control over connected systems and granting domain admin privileges in target environments.",{"data":99395,"content":99396,"nodeType":945},{},[99397],{"data":99398,"content":99399,"nodeType":860},{},[99400],{"data":99401,"marks":99402,"value":99403,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Scattered Spider deployed encryption software to around 100 ESXi servers and exfiltrated data, disrupting core business operations.",{"data":99405,"content":99406,"nodeType":1312},{},[99407],{"data":99408,"marks":99409,"value":99410,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the MGM breach?",{"data":99412,"content":99413,"nodeType":941},{},[99414,99424,99434],{"data":99415,"content":99416,"nodeType":945},{},[99417],{"data":99418,"content":99419,"nodeType":860},{},[99420],{"data":99421,"marks":99422,"value":99423,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Led to a 36-hour outage of multiple MGM IT systems and affected a number of its casinos on the Las Vegas strip, including the Bellagio, Excalibur, Luxor, Mandalay Bay and New York New York.",{"data":99425,"content":99426,"nodeType":945},{},[99427],{"data":99428,"content":99429,"nodeType":860},{},[99430],{"data":99431,"marks":99432,"value":99433,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Personal data compromise of an unspecified number of customers including various contact information, dates of births, genders, driver’s license numbers, social security numbers, and passport information. ",{"data":99435,"content":99436,"nodeType":945},{},[99437],{"data":99438,"content":99439,"nodeType":860},{},[99440],{"data":99441,"marks":99442,"value":99443,"nodeType":864},{},[],"MGM reported that the attack would cause a $100 million hit to its third-quarter results, including $10 million in one-time cyber security consulting fees. ",{"data":99445,"content":99446,"nodeType":1312},{},[99447],{"data":99448,"marks":99449,"value":99450,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the MGM breach?",{"data":99452,"content":99453,"nodeType":941},{},[99454,99464,99474],{"data":99455,"content":99456,"nodeType":945},{},[99457],{"data":99458,"content":99459,"nodeType":860},{},[99460],{"data":99461,"marks":99462,"value":99463,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The MGM breach demonstrates how financially motivated organized criminal groups are specifically targeting the identity infrastructure of an organization (e.g. the chosen IdP solution) and leveraging cloud-native functionality. ",{"data":99465,"content":99466,"nodeType":945},{},[99467],{"data":99468,"content":99469,"nodeType":860},{},[99470],{"data":99471,"marks":99472,"value":99473,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The MGM breach is notable for being a hybrid attack that ended in what has become a typical “actions on objective” for ransomware operators and their affiliates - the propagation of malware and encryption of core business servers. In this way attackers are leveraging the newer functionality that cloud services provide them to target non-cloud/on-premise resources. This potentially indicates that attackers see cloud applications and services as the path of least resistance to achieving their goals, exploiting more limited security team visibility and understanding of these services compared to more traditional (now well protected) targets. ",{"data":99475,"content":99476,"nodeType":945},{},[99477],{"data":99478,"content":99479,"nodeType":860},{},[99480],{"data":99481,"marks":99482,"value":99483,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While attackers were focused on taking control of the cloud IdP, the initial access vector was notable for being a more traditional method (vishing) to bypass the need to acquire credentials (password and MFA token). This type of technique remains consistently effective, regardless of the technology landscape and whether MFA is correctly implemented or not.    ",{"data":99485,"content":99486,"nodeType":1312},{},[99487],{"data":99488,"marks":99489,"value":98202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99491,"content":99492,"nodeType":860},{},[99493],{"data":99494,"marks":99495,"value":98209,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99497,"content":99498,"nodeType":4845},{},[99499,99538],{"data":99500,"content":99501,"nodeType":4581},{},[99502,99511,99520,99529],{"data":99503,"content":99504,"nodeType":8398},{},[99505],{"data":99506,"content":99507,"nodeType":860},{},[99508],{"data":99509,"marks":99510,"value":98225,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99512,"content":99513,"nodeType":8398},{},[99514],{"data":99515,"content":99516,"nodeType":860},{},[99517],{"data":99518,"marks":99519,"value":98691,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99521,"content":99522,"nodeType":8398},{},[99523],{"data":99524,"content":99525,"nodeType":860},{},[99526],{"data":99527,"marks":99528,"value":98245,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99530,"content":99531,"nodeType":8398},{},[99532],{"data":99533,"content":99534,"nodeType":860},{},[99535],{"data":99536,"marks":99537,"value":98255,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99539,"content":99540,"nodeType":4581},{},[99541,99561,99582,99592],{"data":99542,"content":99543,"nodeType":4569},{},[99544],{"data":99545,"content":99546,"nodeType":860},{},[99547,99550,99558],{"data":99548,"marks":99549,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99551,"content":99552,"nodeType":883},{"uri":31808},[99553],{"data":99554,"marks":99555,"value":99557,"nodeType":864},{},[99556],{"type":1455},"SAT1041",{"data":99559,"marks":99560,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99562,"content":99563,"nodeType":4569},{},[99564],{"data":99565,"content":99566,"nodeType":860},{},[99567,99570,99579],{"data":99568,"marks":99569,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99571,"content":99573,"nodeType":883},{"uri":99572},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/inbound-federation",[99574],{"data":99575,"marks":99576,"value":99578,"nodeType":864},{},[99577],{"type":1455},"Inbound Federation",{"data":99580,"marks":99581,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99583,"content":99584,"nodeType":4569},{},[99585],{"data":99586,"content":99587,"nodeType":860},{},[99588],{"data":99589,"marks":99590,"value":99591,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Persistence; Lateral Movement",{"data":99593,"content":99594,"nodeType":4569},{},[99595],{"data":99596,"content":99597,"nodeType":860},{},[99598],{"data":99599,"marks":99600,"value":99601,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Inbound federation allows users to login to a target identity provider by authenticating with a source identity provider",{"data":99603,"content":99604,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":99606,"content":99607,"nodeType":1009},{},[99608],{"data":99609,"marks":99610,"value":99611,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Retool — August 2023",{"data":99613,"content":99614,"nodeType":860},{},[99615],{"data":99616,"marks":99617,"value":99618,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Software development company Retool disclosed that the accounts of 27 of its cloud customers were compromised following a targeted SMS-based social engineering attack, which was enabled by Google Authenticator’s default synchronization of MFA tokens with the associated Google account.  ",{"data":99620,"content":99621,"nodeType":1312},{},[99622],{"data":99623,"marks":99624,"value":99625,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did Retool get breached?",{"data":99627,"content":99628,"nodeType":941},{},[99629,99639,99649,99659,99669,99679],{"data":99630,"content":99631,"nodeType":945},{},[99632],{"data":99633,"content":99634,"nodeType":860},{},[99635],{"data":99636,"marks":99637,"value":99638,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor launched a targeted SMS-based phishing campaign against Retool employees with a custom lure relating to their workplace healthcare coverage.",{"data":99640,"content":99641,"nodeType":945},{},[99642],{"data":99643,"content":99644,"nodeType":860},{},[99645],{"data":99646,"marks":99647,"value":99648,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The timing coincided with a recently announced migration of logins to Okta, and the message contained a url disguised to look like their internal identity portal.",{"data":99650,"content":99651,"nodeType":945},{},[99652],{"data":99653,"content":99654,"nodeType":860},{},[99655],{"data":99656,"marks":99657,"value":99658,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After logging into the fake portal – which included an MFA form – the threat actor called the employee impersonating an IT team member, deepfaking the IT employee’s real voice and using real information about the company to build trust.",{"data":99660,"content":99661,"nodeType":945},{},[99662],{"data":99663,"content":99664,"nodeType":860},{},[99665],{"data":99666,"marks":99667,"value":99668,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The phished employee shared an MFA OTP token which allowed the threat actor to add their own personal device to the employee’s Okta account and enabled their own Okta MFA from that point forward.",{"data":99670,"content":99671,"nodeType":945},{},[99672],{"data":99673,"content":99674,"nodeType":860},{},[99675],{"data":99676,"marks":99677,"value":99678,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Due to the Google Authenticator synchronization feature that syncs MFA codes to the cloud by default, meaning that access to a Google account immediately gave access to all MFA tokens held within that account.",{"data":99680,"content":99681,"nodeType":945},{},[99682],{"data":99683,"content":99684,"nodeType":860},{},[99685],{"data":99686,"marks":99687,"value":99688,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This enabled the threat actor to take over a number of identities associated with a range of target apps and change the credentials.",{"data":99690,"content":99691,"nodeType":1312},{},[99692],{"data":99693,"marks":99694,"value":99695,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact of the Retool breach?",{"data":99697,"content":99698,"nodeType":941},{},[99699,99709,99719],{"data":99700,"content":99701,"nodeType":945},{},[99702],{"data":99703,"content":99704,"nodeType":860},{},[99705],{"data":99706,"marks":99707,"value":99708,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A total of 27 customers were impacted, with the threat actor specifically targeting customers in the Crypto industry.",{"data":99710,"content":99711,"nodeType":945},{},[99712],{"data":99713,"content":99714,"nodeType":860},{},[99715],{"data":99716,"marks":99717,"value":99718,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After taking over the accounts, the threat actor was observed gathering information and exploring the Retool apps.",{"data":99720,"content":99721,"nodeType":945},{},[99722],{"data":99723,"content":99724,"nodeType":860},{},[99725],{"data":99726,"marks":99727,"value":99728,"nodeType":864},{},[],"After learning of the attack, Retool revoked all internal authenticated sessions (Okta, GSuite, etc.) for employees, locked down access to the affected accounts, notified the affected customers, and restored their accounts to their original state.",{"data":99730,"content":99731,"nodeType":1312},{},[99732],{"data":99733,"marks":99734,"value":99735,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Retool breach?",{"data":99737,"content":99738,"nodeType":941},{},[99739,99749,99759],{"data":99740,"content":99741,"nodeType":945},{},[99742],{"data":99743,"content":99744,"nodeType":860},{},[99745],{"data":99746,"marks":99747,"value":99748,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Like the MGM breach, the Retool breach demonstrates how financially motivated organized criminal groups are specifically targeting the identity infrastructure of an organization (e.g. the chosen IdP solution) and leveraging cloud-native functionality. ",{"data":99750,"content":99751,"nodeType":945},{},[99752],{"data":99753,"content":99754,"nodeType":860},{},[99755],{"data":99756,"marks":99757,"value":99758,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A further similarity with the MGM breach, while attackers were focused on taking control of the cloud IdP, the initial access vector was notable for being a more traditional method (SMS phishing in this case) to bypass the need to acquire credentials (password and MFA token). This type of technique remains consistently effective, regardless of the technology landscape and whether MFA is correctly implemented or not.    ",{"data":99760,"content":99761,"nodeType":945},{},[99762],{"data":99763,"content":99764,"nodeType":860},{},[99765],{"data":99766,"marks":99767,"value":99768,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In this case, the attacker abused inherent weaknesses in Google Authenticator, which came under fire following the breach for its default synchronization of MFA codes to the cloud when connected to an account, in order to move laterally and compromise other target apps. ",{"data":99770,"content":99771,"nodeType":1312},{},[99772],{"data":99773,"marks":99774,"value":98202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99776,"content":99777,"nodeType":860},{},[99778],{"data":99779,"marks":99780,"value":98209,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99782,"content":99783,"nodeType":4845},{},[99784,99823,99888],{"data":99785,"content":99786,"nodeType":4581},{},[99787,99796,99805,99814],{"data":99788,"content":99789,"nodeType":8398},{},[99790],{"data":99791,"content":99792,"nodeType":860},{},[99793],{"data":99794,"marks":99795,"value":98225,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99797,"content":99798,"nodeType":8398},{},[99799],{"data":99800,"content":99801,"nodeType":860},{},[99802],{"data":99803,"marks":99804,"value":98691,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99806,"content":99807,"nodeType":8398},{},[99808],{"data":99809,"content":99810,"nodeType":860},{},[99811],{"data":99812,"marks":99813,"value":98245,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99815,"content":99816,"nodeType":8398},{},[99817],{"data":99818,"content":99819,"nodeType":860},{},[99820],{"data":99821,"marks":99822,"value":98255,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99824,"content":99825,"nodeType":4581},{},[99826,99847,99869,99878],{"data":99827,"content":99828,"nodeType":4569},{},[99829],{"data":99830,"content":99831,"nodeType":860},{},[99832,99836,99844],{"data":99833,"marks":99834,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[99835],{"type":1455},{"data":99837,"content":99838,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76052},[99839],{"data":99840,"marks":99841,"value":99843,"nodeType":864},{},[99842],{"type":1455},"SAT1042",{"data":99845,"marks":99846,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99848,"content":99849,"nodeType":4569},{},[99850],{"data":99851,"content":99852,"nodeType":860},{},[99853,99857,99866],{"data":99854,"marks":99855,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[99856],{"type":1455},{"data":99858,"content":99860,"nodeType":883},{"uri":99859},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/aitm-phishing",[99861],{"data":99862,"marks":99863,"value":99865,"nodeType":864},{},[99864],{"type":1455},"AiTM Phishing",{"data":99867,"marks":99868,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99870,"content":99871,"nodeType":4569},{},[99872],{"data":99873,"content":99874,"nodeType":860},{},[99875],{"data":99876,"marks":99877,"value":98762,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99879,"content":99880,"nodeType":4569},{},[99881],{"data":99882,"content":99883,"nodeType":860},{},[99884],{"data":99885,"marks":99886,"value":99887,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Attacker-in-the-Middle (AiTM) phishing uses dedicated tooling to act as a web proxy between the victim and a legitimate login portal for an application the victim has access to, principally to make it easier to defeat MFA protection.",{"data":99889,"content":99890,"nodeType":4581},{},[99891,99912,99935,99945],{"data":99892,"content":99893,"nodeType":4569},{},[99894],{"data":99895,"content":99896,"nodeType":860},{},[99897,99900,99909],{"data":99898,"marks":99899,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99901,"content":99903,"nodeType":883},{"uri":99902},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/device_enrollment/description.md",[99904],{"data":99905,"marks":99906,"value":99908,"nodeType":864},{},[99907],{"type":1455},"SAT1043",{"data":99910,"marks":99911,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":99913,"content":99914,"nodeType":4569},{},[99915],{"data":99916,"content":99917,"nodeType":860},{},[99918,99922,99931],{"data":99919,"marks":99920,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[99921],{"type":1455},{"data":99923,"content":99925,"nodeType":883},{"uri":99924},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/device-enrollment",[99926],{"data":99927,"marks":99928,"value":99930,"nodeType":864},{},[99929],{"type":1455},"Device Enrollment",{"data":99932,"marks":99933,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[99934],{"type":1455},{"data":99936,"content":99937,"nodeType":4569},{},[99938],{"data":99939,"content":99940,"nodeType":860},{},[99941],{"data":99942,"marks":99943,"value":99944,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Initial Access; Persistence",{"data":99946,"content":99947,"nodeType":4569},{},[99948],{"data":99949,"content":99950,"nodeType":860},{},[99951],{"data":99952,"marks":99953,"value":99954,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Enrollment of a new MFA device in order to allow an adversary to complete MFA challenges for future authentication. ",{"data":99956,"content":99957,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":99959,"content":99960,"nodeType":1009},{},[99961],{"data":99962,"marks":99963,"value":99964,"nodeType":864},{},[],"GitHub / Heroku / Travis-CI / npm — April 2022",{"data":99966,"content":99967,"nodeType":860},{},[99968],{"data":99969,"marks":99970,"value":99971,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An unknown threat actor used stolen OAuth user tokens (issued to Heroku and Travis-CI) to download data from private repositories. The threat actor then compromised an internal Heroku customer database as well as accessed and stole data from dozens of downstream organizations using Heroku and Travis-CI-maintained OAuth apps.",{"data":99973,"content":99974,"nodeType":1312},{},[99975],{"data":99976,"marks":99977,"value":99978,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How did they get breached?",{"data":99980,"content":99981,"nodeType":941},{},[99982,99992,100002,100012,100022,100032,100042],{"data":99983,"content":99984,"nodeType":945},{},[99985],{"data":99986,"content":99987,"nodeType":860},{},[99988],{"data":99989,"marks":99990,"value":99991,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor obtained access to two third-party OAuth integrators, Heroku and Travis-CI, accessing databases and downloading stored customer GitHub integration OAuth tokens. These tokens had earlier been used by Travis-CI and Heroku OAuth applications to integrate with GitHub to deploy applications.",{"data":99993,"content":99994,"nodeType":945},{},[99995],{"data":99996,"content":99997,"nodeType":860},{},[99998],{"data":99999,"marks":100000,"value":100001,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Access to the environment was gained by leveraging a compromised token for a Heroku machine account, but it is not disclosed how the threat actor achieved this. ",{"data":100003,"content":100004,"nodeType":945},{},[100005],{"data":100006,"content":100007,"nodeType":860},{},[100008],{"data":100009,"marks":100010,"value":100011,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor authenticated to the GitHub API using the stolen OAuth tokens issued to Heroku and Travis CI.",{"data":100013,"content":100014,"nodeType":945},{},[100015],{"data":100016,"content":100017,"nodeType":860},{},[100018],{"data":100019,"marks":100020,"value":100021,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For users who had the affected Heroku or Travis CI OAuth apps authorized in their GitHub accounts, the threat actor listed all the user's organizations.",{"data":100023,"content":100024,"nodeType":945},{},[100025],{"data":100026,"content":100027,"nodeType":860},{},[100028],{"data":100029,"marks":100030,"value":100031,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor then selected targets based on the listed organizations.",{"data":100033,"content":100034,"nodeType":945},{},[100035],{"data":100036,"content":100037,"nodeType":860},{},[100038],{"data":100039,"marks":100040,"value":100041,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor listed the private repositories for user accounts of interest and proceeded to clone private repositories of interest.",{"data":100043,"content":100044,"nodeType":945},{},[100045],{"data":100046,"content":100047,"nodeType":860},{},[100048],{"data":100049,"marks":100050,"value":100051,"nodeType":864},{},[],"GitHub identified unauthorized access to their npm production infrastructure using a compromised AWS API key, obtained by the threat actor when they downloaded a set of private npm repositories using a stolen OAuth token from one of the two affected third-party OAuth applications.",{"data":100053,"content":100054,"nodeType":1312},{},[100055],{"data":100056,"marks":100057,"value":100058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What was the impact?",{"data":100060,"content":100061,"nodeType":941},{},[100062,100072,100082],{"data":100063,"content":100064,"nodeType":945},{},[100065],{"data":100066,"content":100067,"nodeType":860},{},[100068],{"data":100069,"marks":100070,"value":100071,"nodeType":864},{},[],"By stealing these OAuth tokens, the threat actor could access and download data from GitHub repositories belonging to those who authorized the compromised Heroku or Travis CI OAuth apps with their accounts. ",{"data":100073,"content":100074,"nodeType":945},{},[100075],{"data":100076,"content":100077,"nodeType":860},{},[100078],{"data":100079,"marks":100080,"value":100081,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The threat actor was able to mine the downloaded private repositories for secrets that could be used to pivot to other infrastructure, stealing data from dozens of organizations. ",{"data":100083,"content":100084,"nodeType":945},{},[100085],{"data":100086,"content":100087,"nodeType":860},{},[100088],{"data":100089,"marks":100090,"value":100091,"nodeType":864},{},[],"In addition to user repo’s downstream, the compromised token for a Heroku machine account obtained by threat actors also allowed unauthorized access into Heroku's internal database of customer accounts, enabling the threat actor to extract the hashed and salted passwords. ",{"data":100093,"content":100094,"nodeType":1312},{},[100095],{"data":100096,"marks":100097,"value":100098,"nodeType":864},{},[],"What stands out in the Github breach?",{"data":100100,"content":100101,"nodeType":941},{},[100102,100112,100122],{"data":100103,"content":100104,"nodeType":945},{},[100105],{"data":100106,"content":100107,"nodeType":860},{},[100108],{"data":100109,"marks":100110,"value":100111,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similar to the Okta breach, this attack showcases the possibility of third-party supply chain attacks to target downstream organizations using cloud SaaS services. In this case, targeting OAuth integrators as opposed to IdP providers, but with a similar goal and impact of compromising the real target organizations downstream. ",{"data":100113,"content":100114,"nodeType":945},{},[100115],{"data":100116,"content":100117,"nodeType":860},{},[100118],{"data":100119,"marks":100120,"value":100121,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Applications like Github are an obvious target for attackers due to their widespread adoption. There have been numerous attacks leveraging Github as the vehicle for attacks by compromising repo’s to insert malicious code, or registering malicious copycat repo’s to dupe users into using them. ",{"data":100123,"content":100124,"nodeType":945},{},[100125],{"data":100126,"content":100127,"nodeType":860},{},[100128],{"data":100129,"marks":100130,"value":100131,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unlike the attacks abusing the functionality of Github (repo poisoning) which target the legitimate developer processes when using the app, this attack could have been prevented at the identity layer before the attacker was able to breach the Heroku/Travis-CI accounts. ",{"data":100133,"content":100134,"nodeType":1312},{},[100135],{"data":100136,"marks":100137,"value":98202,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100139,"content":100140,"nodeType":860},{},[100141],{"data":100142,"marks":100143,"value":98209,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100145,"content":100146,"nodeType":4845},{},[100147,100186,100246,100309],{"data":100148,"content":100149,"nodeType":4581},{},[100150,100159,100168,100177],{"data":100151,"content":100152,"nodeType":8398},{},[100153],{"data":100154,"content":100155,"nodeType":860},{},[100156],{"data":100157,"marks":100158,"value":98225,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100160,"content":100161,"nodeType":8398},{},[100162],{"data":100163,"content":100164,"nodeType":860},{},[100165],{"data":100166,"marks":100167,"value":98691,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100169,"content":100170,"nodeType":8398},{},[100171],{"data":100172,"content":100173,"nodeType":860},{},[100174],{"data":100175,"marks":100176,"value":98245,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100178,"content":100179,"nodeType":8398},{},[100180],{"data":100181,"content":100182,"nodeType":860},{},[100183],{"data":100184,"marks":100185,"value":98255,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100187,"content":100188,"nodeType":4581},{},[100189,100208,100227,100237],{"data":100190,"content":100191,"nodeType":4569},{},[100192],{"data":100193,"content":100194,"nodeType":860},{},[100195,100198,100205],{"data":100196,"marks":100197,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100199,"content":100200,"nodeType":883},{"uri":76924},[100201],{"data":100202,"marks":100203,"value":98855,"nodeType":864},{},[100204],{"type":1455},{"data":100206,"marks":100207,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100209,"content":100210,"nodeType":4569},{},[100211],{"data":100212,"content":100213,"nodeType":860},{},[100214,100217,100224],{"data":100215,"marks":100216,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100218,"content":100219,"nodeType":883},{"uri":98870},[100220],{"data":100221,"marks":100222,"value":98876,"nodeType":864},{},[100223],{"type":1455},{"data":100225,"marks":100226,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100228,"content":100229,"nodeType":4569},{},[100230],{"data":100231,"content":100232,"nodeType":860},{},[100233],{"data":100234,"marks":100235,"value":100236,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Privilege Escalation; Lateral Movement",{"data":100238,"content":100239,"nodeType":4569},{},[100240],{"data":100241,"content":100242,"nodeType":860},{},[100243],{"data":100244,"marks":100245,"value":98899,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100247,"content":100248,"nodeType":4581},{},[100249,100269,100289,100299],{"data":100250,"content":100251,"nodeType":4569},{},[100252],{"data":100253,"content":100254,"nodeType":860},{},[100255,100258,100266],{"data":100256,"marks":100257,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100259,"content":100260,"nodeType":883},{"uri":34597},[100261],{"data":100262,"marks":100263,"value":100265,"nodeType":864},{},[100264],{"type":1455},"SAT1004",{"data":100267,"marks":100268,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100270,"content":100271,"nodeType":4569},{},[100272],{"data":100273,"content":100274,"nodeType":860},{},[100275,100278,100286],{"data":100276,"marks":100277,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100279,"content":100281,"nodeType":883},{"uri":100280},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/api-keys",[100282],{"data":100283,"marks":100284,"value":34603,"nodeType":864},{},[100285],{"type":1455},{"data":100287,"marks":100288,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100290,"content":100291,"nodeType":4569},{},[100292],{"data":100293,"content":100294,"nodeType":860},{},[100295],{"data":100296,"marks":100297,"value":100298,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Persistence; Defense Evasion",{"data":100300,"content":100301,"nodeType":4569},{},[100302],{"data":100303,"content":100304,"nodeType":860},{},[100305],{"data":100306,"marks":100307,"value":100308,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An adversary that has compromised an account could then read existing API keys from the app settings, if the app allows this, or create a new API key.",{"data":100310,"content":100311,"nodeType":4581},{},[100312,100333,100354,100364],{"data":100313,"content":100314,"nodeType":4569},{},[100315],{"data":100316,"content":100317,"nodeType":860},{},[100318,100321,100330],{"data":100319,"marks":100320,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100322,"content":100324,"nodeType":883},{"uri":100323},"https://github.com/pushsecurity/saas-attacks/blob/main/techniques/app_directory_lookup/description.md#app-directory-lookup",[100325],{"data":100326,"marks":100327,"value":100329,"nodeType":864},{},[100328],{"type":1455},"SAT1006",{"data":100331,"marks":100332,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100334,"content":100335,"nodeType":4569},{},[100336],{"data":100337,"content":100338,"nodeType":860},{},[100339,100342,100351],{"data":100340,"marks":100341,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100343,"content":100345,"nodeType":883},{"uri":100344},"https://pushsecurity.com/resources/browser-identity-attacks-matrix/app-directory-lookup",[100346],{"data":100347,"marks":100348,"value":100350,"nodeType":864},{},[100349],{"type":1455},"App directory lookup",{"data":100352,"marks":100353,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100355,"content":100356,"nodeType":4569},{},[100357],{"data":100358,"content":100359,"nodeType":860},{},[100360],{"data":100361,"marks":100362,"value":100363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Discovery",{"data":100365,"content":100366,"nodeType":4569},{},[100367],{"data":100368,"content":100369,"nodeType":860},{},[100370],{"data":100371,"marks":100372,"value":100373,"nodeType":864},{},[],"An adversary who has gained a foothold via a SaaS app could download the list of users accessible to them in order to better target attacks against other users.",{"data":100375,"content":100376,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":100378,"content":100379,"nodeType":1009},{},[100380],{"data":100381,"marks":100382,"value":100383,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Other notable attacks",{"data":100385,"content":100386,"nodeType":1312},{},[100387],{"data":100388,"marks":100389,"value":100390,"nodeType":864},{},[],"SEC X hack — January 2024",{"data":100392,"content":100393,"nodeType":860},{},[100394],{"data":100395,"marks":100396,"value":100397,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The X account for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission was victim to a SIM swapping attack, whereupon the attacker used the social media platform to issue a fake announcement on the approval of Bitcoin ETFs on security exchanges.",{"data":100399,"content":100400,"nodeType":860},{},[100401],{"data":100402,"marks":100403,"value":100404,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Once the threat actors controlled the number, they reset the password for the @SECGov account, and created the fake announcement. The SEC also confirmed that multi-factor authentication was not enabled on the account, as they had asked X support to disable it when they encountered problems logging into the account.",{"data":100406,"content":100407,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":100409,"content":100410,"nodeType":1312},{},[100411],{"data":100412,"marks":100413,"value":100414,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Mandiant X hack — January 2024",{"data":100416,"content":100417,"nodeType":860},{},[100418],{"data":100419,"marks":100420,"value":100421,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The X account for Mandiant was hacked by a Drainer-as-a-Service (DaaS) gang in a brute force attack. MFA was not enabled on the account. The threat actor used the social media account to share links redirecting to a phishing page to steal cryptocurrency. ",{"data":100423,"content":100424,"nodeType":860},{},[100425],{"data":100426,"marks":100427,"value":100428,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker used a wallet drainer dubbed CLINKSINK. This same drainer has been used since December to steal funds and tokens from users of Solana cryptocurrency as part of a large-scale campaign involving at least 35 affiliate IDs linked to a shared DaaS.",{"data":100430,"content":100431,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":100433,"content":100434,"nodeType":1312},{},[100435],{"data":100436,"marks":100437,"value":100438,"nodeType":864},{},[],"23andMe data breach — April 2023",{"data":100440,"content":100441,"nodeType":860},{},[100442],{"data":100443,"marks":100444,"value":100445,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Genetic testing provider 23andMe confirmed that hackers downloaded the data of 6.9 million people of the existing 14 million customers after breaching around 14,000 user accounts. ",{"data":100447,"content":100448,"nodeType":860},{},[100449],{"data":100450,"marks":100451,"value":100452,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The attacker stole health reports and raw genotype data of customers affected by a credential stuffing attack that went unnoticed for five months, from April 29 to September 27. ",{"data":100454,"content":100455,"nodeType":860},{},[100456],{"data":100457,"marks":100458,"value":100459,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The credentials used by the attackers to breach the customers' accounts were stolen in other data breaches or used on previously compromised online platforms, and targeted accounts without MFA. ","To help organizations keep track of how browser-based identity attacks are evolving, we've put together this index of recent 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are increasingly using new phishing toolkits (open-source, commercial, and criminal) to execute Adversary in the Middle (AitM) attacks. ",{"data":100849,"content":100850,"nodeType":860},{},[100851],{"data":100852,"marks":100853,"value":100854,"nodeType":864},{},[],"AitM enables attackers to not just harvest credentials, but steal live sessions, allowing them to bypass traditional phishing prevention controls such as MFA, EDR, and email content filtering. ",{"id":86240,"publishedAt":100856},"2026-08-12T11:55:21.896Z",{"items":100858},[100859,100861],{"sys":100860,"name":6931},{"id":6930},{"sys":100862,"name":342},{"id":6934},{"items":100864},[100865,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887,100889,100891,100893,100895],{"sys":100866,"name":279,"slug":280,"tier":31},{"id":276},{"sys":100868,"name":519,"slug":520,"tier":31},{"id":516},{"sys":100870,"name":413,"slug":414,"tier":31},{"id":410},{"sys":100872,"name":545,"slug":546,"tier":31},{"id":542},{"sys":100874,"name":342,"slug":343,"tier":31},{"id":339},{"sys":100876,"name":261,"slug":262,"tier":45},{"id":258},{"sys":100878,"name":511,"slug":512,"tier":45},{"id":508},{"sys":100880,"name":466,"slug":467,"tier":45},{"id":463},{"sys":100882,"name":571,"slug":572,"tier":45},{"id":568},{"sys":100884,"name":324,"slug":325,"tier":45},{"id":321},{"sys":100886,"name":484,"slug":485,"tier":45},{"id":481},{"sys":100888,"name":395,"slug":396,"tier":45},{"id":392},{"sys":100890,"name":607,"slug":608,"tier":45},{"id":604},{"sys":100892,"name":475,"slug":476,"tier":45},{"id":472},{"sys":100894,"name":457,"slug":458,"tier":45},{"id":454},{"sys":100896,"name":351,"slug":352,"tier":45},{"id":348},"7lg206QNQHAQTSorKQhjed1nH5dt8v1MzJm-oOTwVpU",{"id":100899,"title":100900,"authorsCollection":100901,"content":100905,"extension":228,"faqItemsCollection":101367,"faqTitle":59,"featured":6,"hashTags":59,"meta":101369,"metaTitle":101370,"ogImage":101371,"postType":39986,"publishedDate":101373,"relatedBlogPostsCollection":101374,"slug":102503,"stem":102504,"subtitle":59,"summary":102505,"synopsis":102516,"sys":102517,"tagsCollection":102520,"topicsCollection":102526,"__hash__":102546},"blog/blog/dev-diary-phishing-prevention-behind-the-scenes.json","Dev diary: Phishing prevention behind the scenes",{"items":100902},[100903],{"fullName":95698,"firstName":95699,"jobTitle":95700,"socialLinks":59,"profilePicture":100904},{"url":95702},{"json":100906,"links":101336},{"data":100907,"content":100908,"nodeType":856},{},[100909,100916,100934,100941,100994,100997,101004,101011,101018,101024,101031,101041,101048,101054,101057,101064,101084,101090,101096,101099,101106,101113,101120,101128,101135,101143,101159,101166,101174,101177,101184,101191,101198,101205,101208,101215,101222,101229,101262,101269,101272,101279,101286,101293,101312,101315,101322,101329],{"data":100910,"content":100911,"nodeType":860},{},[100912],{"data":100913,"marks":100914,"value":100915,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We recently released a new feature that prevents employees from reusing their SSO password on other sites. Our goal with this feature is to stop high-risk credentials from being compromised (via phishing or data breach). If you aren’t reusing your Okta password for example, there’s no risk of it being compromised in another breach, and any attempt to dupe a user into using it on a phishing site will fail.",{"data":100917,"content":100918,"nodeType":860},{},[100919,100923,100931],{"data":100920,"marks":100921,"value":100922,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To read more about why we developed this feature and how it works, check out this ",{"data":100924,"content":100925,"nodeType":883},{"uri":36421},[100926],{"data":100927,"marks":100928,"value":100930,"nodeType":864},{},[100929],{"type":1455},"earlier blog post",{"data":100932,"marks":100933,"value":5942,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":100935,"content":100936,"nodeType":860},{},[100937],{"data":100938,"marks":100939,"value":100940,"nodeType":864},{},[],"While the concept for this feature is simple, we learned that there were several important nuances and design choices to make it both effective and practical:",{"data":100942,"content":100943,"nodeType":941},{},[100944,100954,100964,100974,100984],{"data":100945,"content":100946,"nodeType":945},{},[100947],{"data":100948,"content":100949,"nodeType":860},{},[100950],{"data":100951,"marks":100952,"value":100953,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Should employees be allowed to reuse their SSO password if they’re doing it intentionally?",{"data":100955,"content":100956,"nodeType":945},{},[100957],{"data":100958,"content":100959,"nodeType":860},{},[100960],{"data":100961,"marks":100962,"value":100963,"nodeType":864},{},[],"If allowed, how do you give employees the right context to help them be sure they’re only reusing in the intended places?",{"data":100965,"content":100966,"nodeType":945},{},[100967],{"data":100968,"content":100969,"nodeType":860},{},[100970],{"data":100971,"marks":100972,"value":100973,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How do you make the content for an employee-facing feature work for all organizations?",{"data":100975,"content":100976,"nodeType":945},{},[100977],{"data":100978,"content":100979,"nodeType":860},{},[100980],{"data":100981,"marks":100982,"value":100983,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How feasible is it to block all password reuse without encouraging the wrong behaviours or workarounds?",{"data":100985,"content":100986,"nodeType":945},{},[100987],{"data":100988,"content":100989,"nodeType":860},{},[100990],{"data":100991,"marks":100992,"value":100993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Where does threat intelligence fit into a password phishing prevention feature?",{"data":100995,"content":100996,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":100998,"content":100999,"nodeType":1009},{},[101000],{"data":101001,"marks":101002,"value":101003,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To warn or to block?",{"data":101005,"content":101006,"nodeType":860},{},[101007],{"data":101008,"marks":101009,"value":101010,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Fundamentally, the feature works by looking for when an employee enters their password for an app into somewhere that isn’t that app. Simple, right? ",{"data":101012,"content":101013,"nodeType":860},{},[101014],{"data":101015,"marks":101016,"value":101017,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The initial plan was that when detected, we’d block the form submission, let the employee know they almost got phished, and ride off into the sunset having saved the day.",{"data":101019,"content":101023,"nodeType":996},{"target":101020},{"sys":101021},{"id":101022,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6M3969P6CfpKVieeyLWVPx",[],{"data":101025,"content":101026,"nodeType":860},{},[101027],{"data":101028,"marks":101029,"value":101030,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Unfortunately, despite password managers becoming more popular, some people still use the same password across multiple apps. In fact, our data shows around 1 in 3 people reuse passwords between accounts and we actually see higher levels of password reuse on IdP apps in particular.",{"data":101032,"content":101033,"nodeType":1116},{},[101034],{"data":101035,"content":101036,"nodeType":860},{},[101037],{"data":101038,"marks":101039,"value":101040,"nodeType":864},{},[],"1 in 3 people reuse passwords, with higher levels of password reuse on IdP apps",{"data":101042,"content":101043,"nodeType":860},{},[101044],{"data":101045,"marks":101046,"value":101047,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Since password reuse is so common, this feature would cause friction by forcing employees to change their reused SSO passwords. Some security teams will consider this a good thing, but others might not be so comfortable. To support both cultures, we introduced WARN mode, where employees are stopped from reusing their password, but they’re given the option to continue anyway.",{"data":101049,"content":101053,"nodeType":996},{"target":101050},{"sys":101051},{"id":101052,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"Qj5Uqh1a4ErgJ9Bi1rscE",[],{"data":101055,"content":101056,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":101058,"content":101059,"nodeType":1009},{},[101060],{"data":101061,"marks":101062,"value":101063,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Customizing block screen content",{"data":101065,"content":101066,"nodeType":860},{},[101067,101071,101080],{"data":101068,"marks":101069,"value":101070,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Through our ",{"data":101072,"content":101074,"nodeType":883},{"uri":101073},"https://pushsecurity.com/blog/introducing-in-browser-app-banners-set-guardrails-for-cloud-apps/",[101075],{"data":101076,"marks":101077,"value":101079,"nodeType":864},{},[101078],{"type":1455},"app banner feature",{"data":101081,"marks":101082,"value":101083,"nodeType":864},{},[],", we’ve already learned that orgs like to customize any messages their employees see. This helps them give company-specific information (like how to contact the security team), match the tone of the business, or even just deliver the message in the right language if that’s not English.",{"data":101085,"content":101089,"nodeType":996},{"target":101086},{"sys":101087},{"id":101088,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"1BlJyoWAeNm4thWxpnb6s7",[],{"data":101091,"content":101095,"nodeType":996},{"target":101092},{"sys":101093},{"id":101094,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3Cjd6KQHscTcO9csgb6AZ9",[],{"data":101097,"content":101098,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":101100,"content":101101,"nodeType":1009},{},[101102],{"data":101103,"marks":101104,"value":101105,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Adding helpful context",{"data":101107,"content":101108,"nodeType":860},{},[101109],{"data":101110,"marks":101111,"value":101112,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To help employees tell the difference between a phishing attack and their intentional password reuse, they need to know the context. Specifically, they need to know which password they’re about to enter and where they’re about to enter it. ",{"data":101114,"content":101115,"nodeType":860},{},[101116],{"data":101117,"marks":101118,"value":101119,"nodeType":864},{},[],"For example, a sensible default warning might look something like:",{"data":101121,"content":101122,"nodeType":860},{},[101123],{"data":101124,"marks":101125,"value":101127,"nodeType":864},{},[101126],{"type":68804},"Are you sure? You're about to enter your Okta password into evil.com. This is not Okta.",{"data":101129,"content":101130,"nodeType":860},{},[101131],{"data":101132,"marks":101133,"value":101134,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This is distinctly different from:",{"data":101136,"content":101137,"nodeType":860},{},[101138],{"data":101139,"marks":101140,"value":101142,"nodeType":864},{},[101141],{"type":68804},"Are you sure? You're about to enter your Okta password into openai.com. This is not Okta.",{"data":101144,"content":101145,"nodeType":860},{},[101146,101150,101155],{"data":101147,"marks":101148,"value":101149,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Although I ",{"data":101151,"marks":101152,"value":101154,"nodeType":864},{},[101153],{"type":2246},"shouldn’t",{"data":101156,"marks":101157,"value":101158,"nodeType":864},{},[]," be using the same password for Okta and OpenAI, this extra information gives me the context to make a decision about whether this is intentional. Hopefully it has the added benefit of making me think twice about my intentional password reuse.",{"data":101160,"content":101161,"nodeType":860},{},[101162],{"data":101163,"marks":101164,"value":101165,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This extra context means the message shown to the employee needs to be dynamic. Since we have also established it’s important for our user to be able to customize the message shown, we needed to support these as variables. As such, the final default warning message looks like:",{"data":101167,"content":101168,"nodeType":860},{},[101169],{"data":101170,"marks":101171,"value":101173,"nodeType":864},{},[101172],{"type":68804},"Are you sure? You're about to enter your $IDP password into $URL. This is not $IDP.",{"data":101175,"content":101176,"nodeType":1005},{},[],{"data":101178,"content":101179,"nodeType":1009},{},[101180],{"data":101181,"marks":101182,"value":101183,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Focusing the scope",{"data":101185,"content":101186,"nodeType":860},{},[101187],{"data":101188,"marks":101189,"value":101190,"nodeType":864},{},[],"This feature could be applied to all passwords to just forcibly prevent password reuse. However, applying it everywhere increases the chances employees will trigger this feature due to intentional password reuse on less sensitive apps. The more they see the block or warn screen, the less weight it will hold.",{"data":101192,"content":101193,"nodeType":860},{},[101194],{"data":101195,"marks":101196,"value":101197,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Password phishing attacks are increasingly targeting identity provider platforms such as Okta and Microsoft 365 and for good reason. With this in mind, we decided to reduce the scope of this feature to only monitor identity provider accounts. This means that when it triggers, it really matters. 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By integrating with Okta, you will also be able to capture additional login methods used by employees, such as Okta SWA.",{"data":101965,"content":101969,"nodeType":996},{"target":101966},{"sys":101967},{"id":101968,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"2p7QbcSx8G2R8DVpCEZWYk",[],{"data":101971,"content":101972,"nodeType":860},{},[101973,101976,101984],{"data":101974,"marks":101975,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":101977,"content":101979,"nodeType":883},{"uri":101978},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/add-employees/#integrate-with-okta",[101980],{"data":101981,"marks":101982,"value":101983,"nodeType":864},{},[],"How to integrate",{"data":101985,"marks":101986,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":101988,"content":101989,"nodeType":1312},{},[101990],{"data":101991,"marks":101992,"value":101993,"nodeType":864},{},[],"New ‘Acknowledge’ mode for app banners",{"data":101995,"content":101996,"nodeType":860},{},[101997,102001,102006],{"data":101998,"marks":101999,"value":102000,"nodeType":864},{},[],"You can now configure app banners to show a larger central message and also ",{"data":102002,"marks":102003,"value":102005,"nodeType":864},{},[102004],{"type":899},"require that an end-user acknowledge the message",{"data":102007,"marks":102008,"value":102009,"nodeType":864},{},[]," before proceeding to use an app, providing stronger in-browser guidance. You may wish to use this mode for GenAI apps or to strongly steer employees away from unapproved file-sharing apps, for example.",{"data":102011,"content":102015,"nodeType":996},{"target":102012},{"sys":102013},{"id":102014,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"7chqbwof9wgjdc7642zUbf",[],{"data":102017,"content":102018,"nodeType":860},{},[102019,102022,102030],{"data":102020,"marks":102021,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102023,"content":102026,"nodeType":6011},{"target":102024},{"sys":102025},{"id":18224,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[102027],{"data":102028,"marks":102029,"value":6893,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102031,"marks":102032,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Product release: April 2024","Here’s what’s new on the Push platform for April 2024.","2024-04-17T00:00:00.000Z","product-release-april-2024",{"items":102038},[102039],{"sys":102040,"name":58890},{"id":58889},{"items":102042},[102043],{"fullName":95698,"firstName":95699,"jobTitle":95700,"profilePicture":102044},{"url":95702},{"__typename":2059,"sys":102046,"content":102048,"title":102487,"synopsis":102488,"hashTags":59,"publishedDate":102489,"slug":102490,"tagsCollection":102491,"authorsCollection":102499},{"id":102047},"1uhswJr9ITxnhjIJur8UKL",{"json":102049},{"data":102050,"content":102051,"nodeType":856},{},[102052,102059,102066,102073,102100,102107,102113,102129,102148,102180,102186,102193,102200,102207,102214,102221,102227,102234,102241,102260,102267,102368,102375,102382,102389,102414,102435,102459,102480],{"data":102053,"content":102054,"nodeType":860},{},[102055],{"data":102056,"marks":102057,"value":102058,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As we look back at a year of building on the Product team at Push, three big themes stand out:",{"data":102060,"content":102061,"nodeType":1312},{},[102062],{"data":102063,"marks":102064,"value":102065,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Cloud identities are increasingly under attack",{"data":102067,"content":102068,"nodeType":860},{},[102069],{"data":102070,"marks":102071,"value":102072,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A big focus for us this year was to deepen our understanding of the landscape of adversarial techniques in the world of emerging SaaS-first attacks that don’t touch the endpoint or network, and it’s clear they are becoming both more prevalent and more advanced.",{"data":102074,"content":102075,"nodeType":860},{},[102076,102079,102085,102089,102096],{"data":102077,"marks":102078,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102080,"content":102081,"nodeType":883},{"uri":85837},[102082],{"data":102083,"marks":102084,"value":333,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102086,"marks":102087,"value":102088,"nodeType":864},{},[]," is the internet’s most prolific attack vector today. In December 2023, ",{"data":102090,"content":102092,"nodeType":883},{"uri":102091},"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/security-insider/microsoft-digital-defense-report-2023-state-of-cybercrime",[102093],{"data":102094,"marks":102095,"value":7368,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102097,"marks":102098,"value":102099,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that attempted password attacks against Entra have increased to an average of 4,000 per second. This is a tenfold increase from the same time period in 2022.",{"data":102101,"content":102102,"nodeType":860},{},[102103],{"data":102104,"marks":102105,"value":102106,"nodeType":864},{},[],"To help address this, our app helps you quickly determine which accounts are at highest risk of attack by highlighting which use passwords (as opposed to SSO), have a weak or leaked password, and don’t have MFA. We built a dashboard that brings all this together, allowing you to quickly zero in on at-risk accounts — you can even filter it by the apps that house sensitive data to have a focused starting place.",{"data":102108,"content":102112,"nodeType":996},{"target":102109},{"sys":102110},{"id":102111,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3tuUzr0DOhxUs6ytxCHUcg",[],{"data":102114,"content":102115,"nodeType":860},{},[102116,102119,102126],{"data":102117,"marks":102118,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102120,"content":102121,"nodeType":883},{"uri":101933},[102122],{"data":102123,"marks":102124,"value":102125,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Explore the dashboard >>",{"data":102127,"marks":102128,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102130,"content":102131,"nodeType":860},{},[102132,102136,102144],{"data":102133,"marks":102134,"value":102135,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We also spent the last year going deep into emerging methods that are powerful but lesser-known, publishing our ",{"data":102137,"content":102140,"nodeType":6011},{"target":102138},{"sys":102139},{"id":81368,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[102141],{"data":102142,"marks":102143,"value":12747,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102145,"marks":102146,"value":102147,"nodeType":864},{},[]," project on Github.",{"data":102149,"content":102150,"nodeType":860},{},[102151,102155,102164,102168,102176],{"data":102152,"marks":102153,"value":102154,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Just a few months after publishing the project, we’ve seen increasingly ",{"data":102156,"content":102159,"nodeType":6011},{"target":102157},{"sys":102158},{"id":86261,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[102160],{"data":102161,"marks":102162,"value":102163,"nodeType":864},{},[],"regular headlines",{"data":102165,"marks":102166,"value":102167,"nodeType":864},{},[]," from organizations battling cloud-native attacks that target insecure identities. It’s abundantly clear that we are seeing ",{"data":102169,"content":102171,"nodeType":883},{"uri":102170},"https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/svr-cyber-actors-adapt-tactics-for-initial-cloud-access",[102172],{"data":102173,"marks":102174,"value":102175,"nodeType":864},{},[],"real-world attacks",{"data":102177,"marks":102178,"value":102179,"nodeType":864},{},[]," shifting to an organization’s cloud and SaaS attack surface.",{"data":102181,"content":102185,"nodeType":996},{"target":102182},{"sys":102183},{"id":102184,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"79wGG37CY7aBdRrdjO5eQY",[],{"data":102187,"content":102188,"nodeType":860},{},[102189],{"data":102190,"marks":102191,"value":102192,"nodeType":864},{},[],"As a product, Push will continue to leverage its privileged position in the browser to do even more to prevent and detect identity-based attacks in the coming months. ",{"data":102194,"content":102195,"nodeType":1312},{},[102196],{"data":102197,"marks":102198,"value":102199,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Being in the browser is invaluable for securing identities — and we’re going to push the power further",{"data":102201,"content":102202,"nodeType":860},{},[102203],{"data":102204,"marks":102205,"value":102206,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Beyond providing the most reliable telemetry for managing identity security posture, being in the browser means that Push can engage directly with end-users to encourage security best practices.",{"data":102208,"content":102209,"nodeType":860},{},[102210],{"data":102211,"marks":102212,"value":102213,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Over the last year in conversations with customers, we kept hearing a phrase repeated: “I just need to add some guardrails to help employees.”",{"data":102215,"content":102216,"nodeType":860},{},[102217],{"data":102218,"marks":102219,"value":102220,"nodeType":864},{},[],"The idea was born for our most popular feature to date: The app banner.",{"data":102222,"content":102226,"nodeType":996},{"target":102223},{"sys":102224},{"id":102225,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6tfTX8lzV6soQtoaJp38kS",[],{"data":102228,"content":102229,"nodeType":860},{},[102230],{"data":102231,"marks":102232,"value":102233,"nodeType":864},{},[],"App banners are custom messages that appear on the signup and login pages of an app and provide quick contextual guidance to employees. They’re fully customizable to match an organization’s policies and voice – even their preferred language (we’ve got at least 1 customer using bilingual app banners). ",{"data":102235,"content":102236,"nodeType":860},{},[102237],{"data":102238,"marks":102239,"value":102240,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’ll be continuing to iterate on this feature, with more ideas in store.",{"data":102242,"content":102243,"nodeType":860},{},[102244,102247,102257],{"data":102245,"marks":102246,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102248,"content":102252,"nodeType":6011},{"target":102249},{"sys":102250},{"id":102251,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"3m48a0kFoN8gh0IZQBup5U",[102253],{"data":102254,"marks":102255,"value":102256,"nodeType":864},{},[],"More about app banners >>",{"data":102258,"marks":102259,"value":21,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102261,"content":102262,"nodeType":860},{},[102263],{"data":102264,"marks":102265,"value":102266,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Other features we shipped this year that rely on Push’s position in the browser:",{"data":102268,"content":102269,"nodeType":941},{},[102270,102333],{"data":102271,"content":102272,"nodeType":945},{},[102273,102280],{"data":102274,"content":102275,"nodeType":860},{},[102276],{"data":102277,"marks":102278,"value":102279,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Assuring password quality:",{"data":102281,"content":102282,"nodeType":941},{},[102283],{"data":102284,"content":102285,"nodeType":945},{},[102286,102307],{"data":102287,"content":102288,"nodeType":860},{},[102289,102293,102303],{"data":102290,"marks":102291,"value":102292,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ability to ",{"data":102294,"content":102298,"nodeType":6011},{"target":102295},{"sys":102296},{"id":102297,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"5d9a04bd-bde1-4012-9b91-175e6c90d75c",[102299],{"data":102300,"marks":102301,"value":102302,"nodeType":864},{},[],"detect leaked passwords",{"data":102304,"marks":102305,"value":102306,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by comparing a k-anonymized salted hash of a password and the corresponding username to the Have I Been Pwned data set.",{"data":102308,"content":102309,"nodeType":941},{},[102310],{"data":102311,"content":102312,"nodeType":945},{},[102313],{"data":102314,"content":102315,"nodeType":860},{},[102316,102319,102329],{"data":102317,"marks":102318,"value":102292,"nodeType":864},{},[],{"data":102320,"content":102324,"nodeType":6011},{"target":102321},{"sys":102322},{"id":102323,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"cc8f7924-0248-4267-b974-2d6c8559955f",[102325],{"data":102326,"marks":102327,"value":102328,"nodeType":864},{},[],"flag passwords that use restricted terms",{"data":102330,"marks":102331,"value":102332,"nodeType":864},{},[],", such as the company name. Administrators can customize this word list.",{"data":102334,"content":102335,"nodeType":945},{},[102336,102343],{"data":102337,"content":102338,"nodeType":860},{},[102339],{"data":102340,"marks":102341,"value":102342,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Guiding end-users at the point of need:",{"data":102344,"content":102345,"nodeType":941},{},[102346],{"data":102347,"content":102348,"nodeType":945},{},[102349],{"data":102350,"content":102351,"nodeType":860},{},[102352,102356,102364],{"data":102353,"marks":102354,"value":102355,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Ability to set ",{"data":102357,"content":102359,"nodeType":883},{"uri":102358},"/blog/product-release-march-2023/#id-catch-weak-passwords-before-they-happen-with-new-push-labs-feature",[102360],{"data":102361,"marks":102362,"value":102363,"nodeType":864},{},[],"inline browser prompts",{"data":102365,"marks":102366,"value":102367,"nodeType":864},{},[]," that alert end-users when they’re signing up or logging in to an app with a weak or reused password and provide them with guidance on fixing the issue.",{"data":102369,"content":102370,"nodeType":1312},{},[102371],{"data":102372,"marks":102373,"value":102374,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Organizations don’t need more ‘data’ — they need context and control",{"data":102376,"content":102377,"nodeType":860},{},[102378],{"data":102379,"marks":102380,"value":102381,"nodeType":864},{},[],"A big puzzle we set out to solve this year was how to give customers the context they needed to identify risks and enact decisions about their cloud identities and SaaS estate, without contributing to the noise so commonly associated with legacy tools.",{"data":102383,"content":102384,"nodeType":860},{},[102385],{"data":102386,"marks":102387,"value":102388,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Here’s how we are approaching the solution and what we built this year.",{"data":102390,"content":102391,"nodeType":860},{},[102392,102397,102401,102410],{"data":102393,"marks":102394,"value":102396,"nodeType":864},{},[102395],{"type":899},"Focus on showing core work apps — but make it possible to see everything:",{"data":102398,"marks":102399,"value":102400,"nodeType":864},{},[]," We recently added the ability to see all apps that employees access with their company credentials so customers can get a fuller picture of their identity and app sprawl. This improves the coverage of their app estate. But we also made a conscious choice to segment out those ",{"data":102402,"content":102405,"nodeType":6011},{"target":102403},{"sys":102404},{"id":95662,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},[102406],{"data":102407,"marks":102408,"value":102409,"nodeType":864},{},[],"“other apps”",{"data":102411,"marks":102412,"value":102413,"nodeType":864},{},[]," (which could be unrelated to work) from the main data tables in the Push platform so the noise is minimal. ",{"data":102415,"content":102416,"nodeType":860},{},[102417,102421,102431],{"data":102418,"marks":102419,"value":102420,"nodeType":864},{},[],"Similarly, Push also now supports the ability to ",{"data":102422,"content":102426,"nodeType":6011},{"target":102423},{"sys":102424},{"id":102425,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"4Z9ApuJ9JkrdsW9BfMIkQf",[102427],{"data":102428,"marks":102429,"value":102430,"nodeType":864},{},[],"monitor all email domains",{"data":102432,"marks":102433,"value":102434,"nodeType":864},{},[]," an employee might use to access work apps, filling in the gaps for users who may be accessing company assets with personal accounts.",{"data":102436,"content":102437,"nodeType":860},{},[102438,102443,102447,102455],{"data":102439,"marks":102440,"value":102442,"nodeType":864},{},[102441],{"type":899},"Give important context by surfacing login methods:",{"data":102444,"marks":102445,"value":102446,"nodeType":864},{},[]," One data point we’ve made a point of enriching in Push this year is ",{"data":102448,"content":102450,"nodeType":883},{"uri":102449},"/help/audience/administrators/docs/view-saas-apps-and-employee-activity/#view-app-usage-details",[102451],{"data":102452,"marks":102453,"value":102454,"nodeType":864},{},[],"login methods",{"data":102456,"marks":102457,"value":102458,"nodeType":864},{},[],". We can now detect if an employee is accessing an app using SAML, OIDC, or local password.",{"data":102460,"content":102461,"nodeType":860},{},[102462,102466,102476],{"data":102463,"marks":102464,"value":102465,"nodeType":864},{},[],"First, this information helps security teams understand where users are actually using apps (unlike legacy solutions that only show network traffic). Second, it helps security teams gauge their progress toward ",{"data":102467,"content":102471,"nodeType":6011},{"target":102468},{"sys":102469},{"id":102470,"type":1001,"linkType":1002},"6rflXTFCRMvmM8JU8ZPSCt",[102472],{"data":102473,"marks":102474,"value":102475,"nodeType":864},{},[],"reducing identity sprawl",{"data":102477,"marks":102478,"value":102479,"nodeType":864},{},[]," by reducing the use of unmanaged accounts — important context for achieving security goals.",{"data":102481,"content":102482,"nodeType":860},{},[102483],{"data":102484,"marks":102485,"value":102486,"nodeType":864},{},[],"We’re now turning our attention to continue providing meaningful controls — building on the success of our employee guardrails, like app banners, as well as new features for detecting attacks, blocking malicious sites, and preventing phishing. 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